i'S-'

''*p?* -'¦'••

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Bought with the income
of the
ALFRED E. PERKINS FUND

T H E

HAYDOCK PAPERS

^ v.;..MPSE INTO

ENGLISH CATHOLIC LIFE

UNDER THE SHADE OE PERSECUTION AND IN THE DA WN
OF FREEDOM.

JOSEPH GILLOW.

LONDON: BURNS & OATES, LIMITED,
28 ORCHARD STREET, W., AND 63 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C
NEW YORK : 9 BARCLAY STREET.

' Not only this, but sundry other things
The author from Time's ruins hath composed,
Led by affection, whence endeavour springs,
And this his love, his labours have disclosed,
To gratify that nation is his ground
To whom he thinks his best endeavours bound."

S, V. to Richard Verstegan,
RestUution of Daayed Intelligence, 1605.

( in )

THE pleasure with which I read, in a recent number of
J/erry England, Monsignor Gradwell's " First journey to
Ushaw Fifty Years Ago," induced me to hunt up a long-neglected
series of MSS. in which, I recollected, was an account of a similar
journey to the great Northern College shortly after its establish
ment, now fast approaching its centenary. As I turned over the
papers, my interest increased with the perusal of each document.
and it was not until I had examined the entire collection that I
could lay it aside.
I longed to share with others some of the impressions I had
gathered, but I felt that the administration of the " eighth sacra
ment in a dose of birch wine " had lamentably failed to develop
in me, as it did in Monsignor Grad well, the facile pen necessary
to grace traditionary lore. I determined, however, to endeavour
to compensate for my deficiency by drawing further upon the
MSS. than I had first proposed, and by adding to my "Journey
to Crook-Hall " extracts from a number of letters froi3j,X)ouay
College, Old Hall Green, the Convents at Hammersmith and
Spetisbury, and other correspondence. I have also included
original narratives of the suppression of the colleges at Douay
and S. Omer during the French Revolution, and of the establish
ment of the colleges at Ushaw and Old Hall Green. The cata
logue, with biographical notices, of the last one hundred and three
members of Douay College, supplies a considerable amount of
useful information. I have likewise added the histories of a
number of chapels and missionary stations in Lancashire, Cum-

i y THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS.
berland, and Yorkshire, which present us with a kind of pano
rama of the difiiculties and progress of Catholicity in this country
from the days of Henry VIII. to the present time.
I recognised at a glance that a selection from the original
sketches accompanying the collection, supplemented by portraits
and other illustrations in my possession, would greatly enhance
the value of the narratives, one of which describes the flight of
the Engli9h Augustinian nuns from their convent of S. Monica
at Louvain, with their subsequent settlements at Hammersmith
and Spetisbury.
Before introducing the writers of these papers, I thought a
brief notice of their ancestry, with the quaint traditions connected
with the Haydocks, would give double interest to the closing
records of a truly historical family, for I may say with Dryden —
" So much religion in their name doth dwell,
Their souls must needs with piety excell.
Thus names, like (well-wrought) pictures drawn of old,
Their owners' nature and their story told."
J.G.

CTfjf f^agijorits oC (iTottam.
*' My brain I'll prove the female to my soul ;
M)- soul, the father : and these two beget
A generation of still breeding thoughts." —
Richard II.
The Haydocks are inseparably associated with the history and
traditions of Lancashire. Indeed, they may be regarded as a
typical Catholic family, true to the faith through prosperity and
adversity, and stoutly guarding it with that " hedge of oak "
which the Lancashire historian says is the origin of the name.
Haydock and Cottam were portions of the possessions of the
Haydocks from the most remote period. Hugh de Haydock
held these manors in the thirteenth century, about which time the
family and estates were divided. The elder branch, in the reign
of King John, was represented by Sir Gilbert Haydock, who
founded a chantry in Winwick parish in 1330, and was a great
benefactor to the Priory of Burscough. Joan, the daughter and
heiress of his descendant, Sir Gilbert Haydock, married Sir Peter
Legh, of Lyme, in the reign of Henry V., and constituted him in
her right lord of Haydock, Lowton, Poulton-with-^Fearnhead,
Bradley in Burtonwood, and other extensive territories. She
afterwards became the wife of Sir Richard Molyneux, of
Sefton, ancestor of the Earls of Sefton. In the same reign,
Gilbert Haydock, lord of the manor of Cottam, was united to
Isabel, daughter of William de Hoghton, of Hoghton and
English Lea. Being related in the fourth degree, they were
married by the special dispensation of his holiness, Martin V.,
dated Rome, Feb. 16, 1422. After almost half a century of con
jugal happiness, a commission was granted in 1466 to Robert,
Abbot of Cockersand, to veil Isabel, widow of Gilbert Haydock
Their son and heir, Richard, espoused Eleanor, daughter df Sir

^ THE HA YDOCK PAPEftS.
VVilliam Ashton, of Croston, in 1435, and succeeding generations
were intermarried with the families of Clifton of Clifton, Heton
of Heton, Brown of Ribbleton, Osbaldeston of Osbaldeston,
Hothersall of Hothersall, Haighton of Haighton, and other lead
ing Catholic families of the county of Lancaster.

THZ GKSAT O.KK AT COTTAM.

Cottam ?i?alL
No memoiy of its former state.
No record of its fame,
A broken wall, a fallen tower,
A half-.^or^otten n.-imc."

I~ E. La

lUlCll.

Cottam Hall was one of those quaint mansions, the 'Towth
of centuries, so pleasing to the lovers of the picturesque. To the

THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS. 3
south it presented tliree gables in the post and pan style, a fine
remnant of the half-timbered houses of the fourteenth century.
At the north-western corner of the house stood a lofty stone
erection, with a flat, leaded roof. This was probably the
portion of the house described in the marriage settlement of
William Haydock and Jane Anderton, in 1670, as " the hall, the
buildings over the hall, the chamber at the higher end of the hall,
the buttery, the boarded chamber with a little closett, and a
chamber over the entry." The banqueting-hall was a spacious
apartment, having at one end a huge stone fire-place stretching
from one side to the other. A moat surrounded the mansion^
which was approached through an extensive and well-wooded
park by a long avenue from the Tagg, on the eastern side, and
a shorter drive from Woodplumpton on the north. When the
building was removed in the early part of this century, and a
farmstead erected to the south-west, a secret hiding-place was
revealed, adjoining the ancient domestic chapel, and in it were
found a few articles Of altar furniture and a skeleton. The
history of the latter is as follows :

^Tfje Pilgritttase of ffirace,
" How bloodily the sun begins to peer
Above yon busky hill ! " Henry IV.
In 1536, the people of the northern counties, where the cor
ruption of the Court had not penetrated, banded themselves
together and raised a great army of thirty thousand men in
defence of their faith, their ancient rights, and the dissolved
monasteries. The nominal command was entrusted to Robert
Aske, whose name revived the memory of the following lines in
the ancient prophecies of Merlin, which were frequently sung in

4 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
the army as an ambiguous prediction of their expedition and its
chief: — *' Forthe shall come a worme, an Aske with one eye,
He shall be the chiefe of the mainye ;
He shall gather of chivalrie a full fair flocke
Half capon and half cocke,
The chicken shell the capon slay,
And after thatte shall be no May."
From the borders of Scotland far into the fens of Lincolnshii-p,
and to the west coast of Lancashire, the inhabitants generally
bound themselves by oath to stand by each other, " for the love
which they bore to Almighty God, His Faith, the holy Church,
and the maintenance thereof." They complained chiefly of the
suppression of the monasteries, of the Statute of Uses, of the
introduction into the Council of such men as Cromwell and
Rich, and of the preferment of the archbishops of Canterbury
and Dublin, and of the bishops of Rochester, Salisbury, and St.
David's, whose chief aim was to subvert the Church of Christ.
The enterprise was termed " the pilgrimage of grace," and their
banners were painted with the irfiage of Christ Crucified, and
with the chalice and host, the emblems of their belief. Wherever
the pilgrims appeared, the people flocked to their standards, and
the ejected monks were replaced in the monasteries. Their
formidable appearance alarmed the king, who eventually offered
them an unlimited pardon, with an) understanding that their
grievances should be shortly discussed in the Parliament to be
assembled at York. But the people in their simplicity were no
match for the arbitrary and unscrupulous monarch and his
ravenous advisers. After the army had been disbanded, Henry
refused to keep his promise, arrested the leaders, and recom
menced his plunder of the monastries. John Paslew, the last
abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Whalley, with two of his
monks, William Haydock and John Eastgate, had been in the

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 5
foremost ranks of the popular outburst, and for this they were
arraigned and convicted of high treason at the spring assizes
holden at Lancaster in 1537. The abbot was executed, March
10, 1537, upon a gallows erected on a gentle elevation in a field
called Holehouses, immediately facing Pendle Hill and the
house of his birth near Whalley. Eastgate suffered with him,
and their bodies were dismembered, and their quarters set up in
varioi"- towns in Lancashire. William Haydock was hanged
two Gci.,s later in a field adjoining the abbey known by the name
of Le Impe-yard, which signifies a nursery for young trees — the
tree of faith that grew so strong in the Haydock family. His
body for some reason was allowed to continue suspended on the
gibbet entire, and ultimately was secured and secretly removed
by his nephew and namesake to Cottam Hall, where it remained
until its discovery when the hall was pulled down in the early
part of this century.
William Trafford, abbot of the neighbouring Cistercian
monastery of Salley, suffered in the same cause at Lancaster,
on the same day as the abbot of Whalley. " Now thus ! " went
the flail, the motto and badge of the Traffords, ever ready, as
we shall see, to be flung from right to left in threshing the
wheat of this world, whilst keeping a shrewd eye on the next.
He was the second son of Sir John Trafford, of TrafTord, and
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Assheton, of Ashton-under-
Lyne, and was thus a relative of William Haydock, the monk of
Whalley, whose grandmother, Eleanor, was the daughter of Sir
Richard Assheton of Croston. The wife of Vivian Haydock's
son, William, was the daughter of Sir Richard Hoghton, whose
first wife was the daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas
Assheton, of Ashton-under-Lyne. In later generations the
Traffords were twice allied with the heiresses of the Asshetons,
whose estate of Croston thus became the property of their family.

6 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
Wc)t propfjecg.
Tristitia vestra vertetur in gaudititn
Of the many traditions attaching to the family, none is more
curious than that relating to the prophecy said to have been
made by the mother of the martyr, George Haydock, shortly
after his birth, in the reign of Queen Mary. While the saintly
wife of Vivian Haydock lay on her bed of sickness for the last
time, to add to the gloom which pervaded the moated and
semi-fortified manor-house of Cottam, the intelligence arrived
that Mary was dead, and the daughter of Anne Boleyn pro
claimed Queen. There by his wife's bedside stood the squire,
gazing into futurity, which was to find him a widower, a priest,
a fugitive for conscience' sake, hunted to death along with his
children in the land of his birth. He had seen the blood of his
great uncle, William Haydock, ruthlessly shed with that of his
abbot in front of Whalley Abbey by order of Henry VIII. He
had seen lust linked with avarice spreading desolation over the
land, and he had watched a new doctrine, the offspring of
licentiousness, grow up and wax strong, whilst legitimate religion
was trampled uhder foot; His wife, divining his thoughts, raised
her feeble frame, and, pointing to the motto beneath the Haydock
arms embroidered on the arras at the foot of the bed, slowly and
distinctly pronounced the prophetic words, Tristitia vestra ver
tetur in gaudium ; then, clasping the babe by her side, she lay a
corpse in her husband's arms
Little could Vivian Haydock foresee how his sorrow should
be turned into joy. He was but at the outset of a lon^ reign of
unexampled persecution and cruelty, in which he was to drink to
the very dregs, both of his own personal sufferings and of those
of his family. But the prophecy foretold not the joy of this
world ; it was the crown for which martyrs suffer, and that was
promised to every generation of « the fugitive's " descendants,
from that hour until the family became extinct.
I " Religion, source of smihng peace.
Thou giv'st us joy that will not cease."
Haydocks Hymn on Religion.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 7
Car&tnal Slllrn.
" He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one ;
Exceeding wise, fair spoken, and persuading." Henry VIIL
A few years after Mrs. Haydock's death, William Allen, after
wards Cardinal, came over to England, and during his three
years' stay, between 1562, and 1565, visited his friends and re
latives in Lancashire. Mrs. Haydock and the wife of Dr. Allen's
brother George were sisters, daughters of William Westby, of
Westby, Co. York, and Mowbreck, Co. Lancaster, one of
the finest and most staunch Catholic gentlemen then resident in
Lancashire. Many were the consultations Dr. Allen held with
Vivian Haydock on the threatened extermination of religion in
the country. In the old manor-house at Cottam, and in the
lordly tower at Hoghton, the newly erected seat of their common
friend, Thomas Hoghton, they reviewed the process by which the
nation was being robbed of its birthright, and discussed pro
posals for averting so disastrous an event. It was there that
Vivian Haydock was inspired with the determination to resign
his worldly position, as soon as his eldest son William should be
old enough to take his place, and to devote the remainder of his
life and energies to the preservation of the Church in England.
In the year 1568, the council, alarmed at the steadfast refusal of
the people of Lancashire to embrace the new religion, sent down
the Dean of St. Paul's to preach in the county, and ordered
Downham, the bishop of Chester, to make a visitation of his
diocese.- Their message of peace was accompanied by all the
terrors of the penal laws, and a number of the leading gentry
were summoned to appear before the Earl of Derby, and other
ecclesiastical inquistors, at Lathom. The most " obstinate " of
these gentlemen were then sent to Chester to be kept under sur
veillance by its Christian bishop. Amongst them was John
Westby of Mowbreck Hall, on whom, the bishop writes to Cecil

8 THE HA TDOCK PAPERS.
under date Nov. i, 156.S, no impression could be m^-t ¦Ji>--'n,
Ei:-. voL xA-iiL 36^. The stringent measures now enforcea by
the Lancashire ecclesiastical inquisitors, the Bishop of Chester,
and Bishop Young, the lord president of the North, made it
clear that it would be almost impossible for prominent men to
preser%-e their conscience and observe their religion in their
native country. L'r.der these cdrcuinstances, \ i\^an Haydock
advised his friend, Thomas Hc^hton, to withdraw to the Con
tinent as he himself intended. In ifco, Hc^hton secretly sailed
for Antwerp, from his seat by the Ribble, called The Lea, a short
distance fixim Cottam HalL This hamlet or manor was anciently
divided into Engiisn and French Lea, the Hogatons being lords
of the former, and the Haydocks of the latter. Thomas
Hc^hton s half-sister Bryde, daughter of Sir Richard Hoghton
by his third wife, Elizabeth, daughter of a gentlanan of Balder-
stone, John Gregson ^whose family name was really Xormanton*
of Normanton, Col York), became the wife of Vivian Haydock's
eldest son Wiliiam. The stor>- of Hc^hton's departure from
Slerrj- England is told in an ancient ballad formerly sung in
Lancashire which shall be introduced with tiie following prelude :

Z\]t 0)Tf f gacairtrs of ^ogfjton Bottoms.
Backards and fbiards th'weyver Sings
Oo's shottle atween th' parted strings ;
Troddle aad sley keep o at w-uk.
Reed;, healds, an' ct^s, weft an' warp.
At the foot of the isolated hiU rising abov-e Hoghton Botto.^lS
stood the ancient manor-house of the Hoghtons, partially dis
mantled of its r:~.bers, and stript of its quondam grandeur • for
the lord of Hoghton had recently replaced it by the imposin*'
building which still rears its majestic towers on tlie summit of
Hoghton hilL

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 9
" E'er since the Hoghtons from this hill took name.
Who with the stiff, unbridled Saxons came "
are lines in the poetic address with which James the First was
welcomed on his visit to Hoghton Tower in 1617.
The Tower was erected by Thomas Hoghton between the
years 1563 and 1565, and the festivities at its formal opening in
the latter year were graced by the presence of the future cardinal
William Allen. A voice, which for twenty years had been silent
sommoncd the guests to solemn mass in the domestic chapel.
It was the knell from the- suppressed chantry of Ashton-under-
Lyne — the bell with the legend inscribed by its donor. Sir
Thomas Assheton — Benedicta sit Sancta Trinitas. The manor
of Ashton was a grant to Sir John de Assheton, in 1412, from
the Benedictine Bishop of Durham, Thomas Langley ; and
Thomas Hoghton's father. Sir Richard, married one of the co
heiresses of the Assheton family.
" * Come to thy God in Time,'
Sad grew the boding chime ;
' Come to thy God at last,''
Boomed heavy on the blast." R. S.Hawker.

Again the bell is sleeping, for the penal laws of Elizabeth
forbid the celebration of the ancient rites, and the lord of
Hoghton is an exile for his faith in a foreign land.
Within the half-ruined manor-house at Hoghton Bottoms sit
three weavers at their looms, in a large room at the basement,
with a clay floor, and long low windows of many mullions on
two sides of the chamber. Such is the dandy-shop of the
brothers Anderton. They are bachelors and advanced in years,
and, though their occupation is humble, their thrift has made
them men of means. A much younger man sits pensively by
the fire, resting his head on his hands ; he is their youngest

IO THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
brother, just returned from' the Netheriands — Roger Anderton,
late butler to the lord of Hoghton. He had accompanied his
master into exile, and had remained to the last his faithful ser
vant. Merrily sing the weavers to the racket of their looms, each
verse of their ballad concluding with the chorus —
Nickety nackety,
Mondy come Salurdy,
Pickin, sley, and troddle,
Thrutchin o' mi noddle.
As they finish, the distressed butler raises his head, and thus
addresses his brothers, " Sitha ! broder Jock, owd thi shottle,
Huan, stop thi troddle, Jim, hark ye ! " and starting from his
seat, breaks forth into the following lament : —
W^z BIcssetr Conscience.
Apollo, wyth hys radiant beames,
Inflam'd ye ayr soe fayr.
Phaeton wyth hys fierie teames
Ye heat of warrs dyd beare.
Ye daye was hot, ye eyv'nynge coole.
And pleasures dyd abounde ;
Medes, wyth manie a crystal poole,
Dyd yeelde a joyful sounde.
Thys fragrant tyme to pleasures prest.
Myself for to solkce,
I walked forthe, as I thought best.
Into a pryvate place.
And as I wentt, myselfe alone,
Ther cam to my presence
A frende, who sem'd to mak grate moane.
And sayde, " Goe, gett yo hence."
" Alas I gode syr, what ys ye cause
Yo thys have sayde to mee .'' "

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. , j
" Indede," he sayde, " ye Prynce's lawes
Wyl beare noe more wyth thee :
For Bysshopp Yonge wyl sumon thee,
You must to hys presence ;
For yn thys londe yo canot lyve
And kepe yor conscy^nce."
" I am told I must not ryde.
What ys my best to doe ? "
" Gode syr, here yo must not abyde,
Unless to churche yo goe :
Or else to Preston yo must wende,
For here ys no resydtoce ;
For yn thys londe yo hav noe frende
To kepe yor conscyfence.''
Then dyd I thynke ytt was ye best
For mee yn tyme provyde :
For Bysshopp Yonge wulde mee moleste^
Yf here I shoulde abyde.
Then dyd I cause my men prepare,
A shipp for my defence ;
For yn thys londe I culde not fare
And kepe my conscyfence.
When my shipp that ytt was hired.
My men retorn'd agayne ;
Ye tyme was almost fui expired.
That here I shulde remayne ;
To Preston town I shulde hav gone
To mak recognyzance ;
For otheir helpps perceyved I none,
But kepe my conscy^nce.
To lovelie Lea then I mee hied,
And Hoghton bade fayrwell :
Ytt was more tyme for mee to ryde,
Than longer ther to dwel.
I durst not trustt my dearest frende,
Butt secretlie stole hence,
To take ye fortune God shulde sende,
And kepe my conscy&nce.

12 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
When to ye sea I came untyl
And passed by ye Gate,
My cattle all, wyth helloes shryl.
As yf thei mourn'd my fate.
Did lepeand roar, as if thei wulde
Understonde my dyligence :
It seem'd my cause thei understode
Thro' God's gode provydence.
At Hoghton hygh, which is a bower
Of sports and lordly pleasure,
I wept, and lefte that loftie tower
Wich was my chiefest treasure.
To save my soul and lose ye reste,
Yt was my trew pretence :
Lyke fryghted bird, I lefte my neste
To kepe my conscyfence.
Thus took I ther my leave, alas !
And rode to ye sea-syde ;
Ynto ye shipp I hied apace,
Wich dyd for mee abyde.
With syghs I sail'd from merrie Englande,
I asked of none lycfence :
Wherfor my estate fell from my hande.
And was forfeitt to my Prynce.
Thus merrie England hav I lefte,
And cutt ye raging sea,
Wheroff ye waves hav mee bereft
Of my soe deare coontrie.
Wyth sturdie storms and blustring blast
We were yn grate suspense ;
Ful sixteen dayes and nyghts thei last.
And all for my conscyfence.
When on ye shore I was arrived.
Thro' Fraunce I toke my waye,
And unto Antwerpe I mee hied,
Yn hope to make my sta ye.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 3
When to ye citie I dyd come,
I thought that my absence
Woulde to my men be cumbersome,
Tho' thei made no offence.
Att Hoghton, where I used to reste.
Of men I hadd great store,
Ful twentie gentlemen att least.
Of j-eomen gode threescore.
And of them all, I brought but twoe
Wyth mee, when I cam thence.
I lefte them all ye worlde knows how
To kepe my conscy&nce !
But when my men cam to mee still.
Lord ! how rejoyc^d I,
To see them wyth so gode a wyll
To leave theyr own coontrie ?
Both friends and kyn thei dyd forsake.
And all for my presence ;
Alyv or dead, amends I'll make.
And gyve them recompence.
But fortune hadd mee soe berefte,
Of all my godes and landes.
That for my men was nothing lefte
But att my brethren's handes.
Then dyd I thinke ye trewthe to prove
WTiilst I was in absence.
That I might trie theyr constant love
And kepe my conscyfence
When to my brethren I hadd sent,
Ye welcome that thei made
Was false reports mee to present,
Wych made my conscyence sad.
My brethren all dyd thus me cross,
And lyttle regard my fall.
Save onUe one— that rued my loss—
That is Richard, of Parke Hall,

14 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
He was ye comforte that I hadd ;
I proved hys dyligence ;
He was as just, as thei were badd,
Wych cheer'd my conscyence.
When thys report of them I heard.
My heart was sore wyth greefe,
Yn that my purpose was soe marr'd
My men should want reliefe.
Gode cause I hadd to love my men,
And them to recompence ;
Theyr lyves thei ventured, I know when.
And lefte theyr deare parents.
Then to come home straightwaye I meant,
My men for to relieve ;
My brethren sought thys to prevent.
And summs of golde dyd gjrve.
A thousande marks thei offered then.
To hynder my lycfense ;
That I should not come home agayne,
To kepe my conscyence.
But if that day I once hadd seen,
My landes to hav agayne.
And that my Prynce had changed been
I wulde not mee hav stay'n.
I shulde my men soe wel hav payde.
Thro' God's gode provydence,
That thei should ne'er hav bene afrayde
To lose theyr due expense.
Lovlie Lea and Hoghton Tower
Shulde open be to all ;
Itt shulde be my pride and power,
Myselfe theyr hoste to call.
But nowe my lyfe ys att an ende,
And death ys att ye dore.
That gryslie ghost hys bowe doth bende.
And thro' my bodie gore ;

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. , 1 5
Wych nature nowe must yielde to claye.
And death wyl take mee hence ;
And nowe I shal goe wher I may
Enjoy my conscyence.
Fayr Englande ! nowe ten tymes adieu.
And frendes that theryn dwel;'
Fayrwel, my broder Richard trewe,
Whom I dyd love soe wel.
Fayrwel, fayrwel ! gode people all,
And learne experience ;
Love not too much ye golden ball.
But kepe your conscyence !
AU yo who nowe thys songe shal heare,
Heipp mee for to bewayl.
Ye wyght, who scarcelie hadd hys peere,
Tyll death dyd hym assayl.
Hys life a myrour was to all,
Hys death wythout offence ;
Confessor, then, lett us hym call,
O blessed conscyence !

JHalgrc Ic Eatt
" Fayr Englande ! nowe ten tymes adieu,
And frendes that theryn dwel ;
Fayrwel, my broder Richard trewe.
Whom I dyd love soe wel " Hoghton Ballad.
The lord of Hoghton's faithful brother, Richard, of Park Hall,
in Charnock Richard, was the son of Sir Richard Hoghton by
his fourth wife, Anne, daughter of Roger Browne, though he was
born out of wedlock. He founded the family of Hoghton of
Park Hall, where his descendants resided till the family assumed
the name of Dalton. Richard's great grandson, William Hogh-

1 6 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
ton, married one of the two daughters and co-heiresses of Robert
Dalton, of Thurnham Hall, and his son, John Hoghton, removed
to Thurnham upon the death of Robert Dalton in 1703, and
about 1710 adopted the name and arms of Dalton. True to the
faith to the last, the family became extinct on the death of Miss
Dalton in 1861, and the estates are now enjoyed by Sir Gerald
Dalton-Fitzgerald, Bart.
Richard Hoghton managed the exile's estates, and his love for
his brother is shown in the journey he made to Antwerp to com
fort and advise him. The original royal license for this journey
is dated March 17, 1576. From this document, bearing the,
signature of Elizabeth herself, and that of her secretary, Winde-
bank, it appears that Richard Hoghton secured the assistance of
John Fleetwood, of Calwich, in Staffordshire, a staunch Catholic,
as, indeed, was every one of his descendants, to use his influence
with his nephew, William Fleetwood, the Recorder of London,
to obtain the Queen's permission for the faithful brother " to
departe out of this o^ Realme of Englande, unto the parts
beyonde the seas unto the Towne of Antwerpe, and there to
remayne the space of two monethes next after his departure from
heare ; To the intent to advise, persuade, and counsell Thomas
Houghton, late of Houghton, in the countie of Lancaster, esquire
(who, as we are informed, by occasion of synister and evill coun
sell, is departed out of this or Realme, without our Lycence), to
retorne unto this our Realme, and to submitt hymselfe unto us
and or Lawes, according to the dewtye of a good subject For
asmuch as the said John Fleetwood and William Fleetwood
standt bound unto us for and with the said Richard Houghton
in the some of two hundreth poundes of Lawfull money of Eng
lande that he, the saide Richard Houghton, within two monethes ,
next after his departure forthe of this or Realme, shall retorne
unto the same agayne (yf God spare hym lyffe). And that, in the
meane tyme, the said Richard shall not doe, or attempt any Acte
or thinge. Acts or things against us or our Realme." The license

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 7
further permits him to be attended by one servant, and to take
with him ;^20 for his expenses.
The lord of Hoghton has himself explained why he could not
return — *' For yn thys londe I could not fare.
And kepe my conscyence."
He died at Liege, and was buried in the church of S. Gervais,
where a handsome monument was erected to his memory, bear
ing the following inscription, surmounted by the arms of the
Hoghtons, quartered with those of Assheton, and the appropriate
motto of the family — Malgr/ le Tort: —
" Hie e regione sepultus est vir Illustris D. Thomas Houghton,
Anglus, qui post decem an. exiliii spontaneum variasque patri-
¦monii et rerum oium direptiones propter Cath. fidei confessionem
a sectariis illatas, obijt 4 Non. Jun. 1580. .^Etat. 63."
In the archives of the See of Westminster is an original holo
graph by Cardinal Allen, dated June 25, 1580, stating that ;^ioo,
deposited in his hands by the executors of Thomas Hoghton,
" of godly memory," was left by the exile " to bye a payre of
organs, one fayr table, and as many bookes of musick as should cost
7li., which he appoynted to be given to the churche of Preston,
when the time should serve." In accordance with the donor's
wishes. Cardinal Allen consented to receive the money, and to
use it in the Engli.sh College then at Rheims, for the benefit of
the poor students under his government, " so long as this present
schisme of our coontry of England dureth by Goddes .sufferance ;
with this intention, to employ the same summe vvholy, when God
shall have mercy on our coontrey, and restore the same to the
Catholike faith and service, upon a payre of organs, one table, and
certayne singing bookes, in the parish churche of Preston accord
ing to the trewe meaning of Mr. Hoghton, and the pourport of
the forsayde article subscribed with his hand."
By his wife, Catherine, daughter of Sir Thomas Gerard, of
Bryn, Thomas Hoghton had a son and namesake, whose history

1 8 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
is as sad as his own, and a daughter, Jane, his ultimate heiress,
who became the wife of James Bradshaigh, of The Haigh, Esq.
Mr. Bradshaigh's son, Roger, was the father of five eminent
priests— three Jesuits and two seculars. His eldest son and heir^
James, a remarkably learned and pious man, unhappily died in
the minority of his son, who was taken in ward by the Eari of
Derby, and brought up a Protestant ; and thus one of the finest
Catholic families was robbed of its faith. Sir Roger Bradshaigh
was the first Protestant who possessed Haigh Hall, which is now
the residence of his representative in the female line, the Earl of
Crawford and Balcarres.
Thomas Hoghton, the exile's son, was entrusted to Dr. Allen's
care at Douay Collage. On March 13, 1577, the diary says i
" Mr. Allen set out to Louvain ; with him went Mr. Otway, who
came to us a little while ago with the express purpose of con
ducting young Thomas Hoghton, a student here, into Brabant,
to his very illustrious father, Mr. Hoghton." Elsewhere the
diary records that he had matriculated in the University of
Douay, but does not mention the date of his ordination. His
priesthood debarred him from his rightful inheritance, and as
soon as he arrived in Lancashire, he was thrown into Salford gaol.
There his name appears in the list of priests returned to the Coun
cil by Edmund Trafford and Robert Worsley on April 13, 1582.
He was one of those who " do still contynue in their obstinate
opynions, neyther do wee see anye likelyhoode of conformytie in
any of them." (" P.R.O., Dom. Eliz.," Vol. cliii., No. 6.) His.
name continues in the lists of recusants at Salford until January
23, 1584. after which it is lost sight of, and, in all probability, he
went to swell the great band of confessors of the faith who per
ished in prison unrecorded.
Faithful Richard, of Park Hall, who seems at this time to have
resided at the Tower, was arrested by Edmund Trafford imme
diately after Fr. Campion's apprehension, in the summer of 1581.
The Council ordered that he and his wife, Mary, daughter of

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. i q
Ralph Rishton, of Pontalgh Hall, Esq., sister of the priest, Ed
ward Rishton, then prisoner in the Tower of London, be re-ex
amined touching Campion's being at Hoghton Tower, with Ralph
Emerson, his man, and his books ; also touching the books sent
down by Rishton, and dispersed in Lancashire. It appears from
a note in the Council-book (1581, p. 499) that a number of papers
were seized in the search at Hoghton Tower. Though Mr.
Hoghton survived this imprisonment, he was pursued with
relentless persecution to the end of his life. In October, 1592, a
report was sent to Lord Burghley that "Mr. Richarde Hoghton,
of the Park Hall, hath kepte a Recusante scholmaster I thinckc
this twentie years. He hath had one after another, the name of
one was Scholes, of the other Fawcett, as I remember, but I
stande in doubte of the names." (" P.R.O., Dom. Eliz," Vol.
ccxHii., No. 52.) His second wife was Catherine, daughter of
George Rogerlye, of Park Hall, in Blackrod, Esq., by Margaret,
daughter of William Skillicorne, of Frees Hall, Esq. She was
the widow of Richard Tyldesley, of Garret Hall, Esq., and after
Richard Hoghton's death, which is supposed to have occurred
about 1623, she married, thirdly, John Osbaldeston, of Sunderiand
Hall, Esq., who died in 1629.

Kiit iTtsfjt at ILea l^all,
*' Clubs, bills, and partisans ! strike !
beat them down !
Down with the Capulets ! down with the Montagues."
Eomeo and Juliet
On the death of Thomas Hoghton, in 1580, his brother
Alexander became the head of the family. He resided chiefly
at The Lea, or Lea Hall, where he secretly maintained a
priest to serve the domestic chapel and to attend to the spiritual
wants of the neighbourhood. He did not long enjoy his heri-

20 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
tage, for he died in Aug., 1581, and Thomas Hoghton, the
younger, was the next possessor of the estates. At this period
it was no uncommon custom in Lancashire to christen two
brothers by the same name. He was half-brother to the exile,
being the son of Sir Richard by his second wife.
This unfortunate lord of Hoghton was slain in a feud with
Thomas Langton, baron of Newton, who was joined by Thomas
Singleton, Esq., of Broughton Tower, a semi-fortified mansion
situated within a few miles of Lea. The dispute was nominally
over kine claimed by the widow Thomazene Singleton, of Stay-
ning Grange. At the hour of midnight, on Nov. 20, 1589, the
baron at the head of a large body of retainers, armed with
" long picks, gunnes, long staves, welshe-hooks upon long
staves, swords and dagges, bows and arrows and bills," attacked
Thomas Hoghton at The Lea. " The crow is white ! " was the
watchword of the Langtons, as the lord of Hoghton with thirty
men sallied forth from the gate-house in front of the hall to the
cry of " Black-Black ! " A bloody fray ensued, within sixty
yards of the ancient manor-house, in which Thomas Hoghton
was slain and the baron sore wounded. In consideration of
this affair, Langton is said to have been forced to cede his manor
of Walton-le-dale to the Hoghton family.
Thomas Hoghton's untimely death was a lasting misfortune
to his decendants, for his son and heir, then but a minor, was
given in ward to Sir Gilbert Gerard, Mastei- of the Rolls, who
married him to his daughter, whilst still under age, and brought
him up a Protestant. Malgrl le Tort! the bell of Hoghton
Tower may yet send forth a joyous peal.
His widow, the daughter of Henry Keighley, of Keighley, co.
York, and Inskip Hall, co. Lancaster, Esq., (ancestor in the
female line of the Dukes of Devonshire, who inherited the
Keighley estates), was thus reported to the government in Oct.
1592, "Mrs. Hoghton, of the Lea, hathe kepte sithsince the
deathe of her husbande one Richarde Blundell, Brother to

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 2 1
William Blundell, of Crosbie, armigr, who is an obstinate,
Papiste well acquainted with a number of Seminaries, and he
teacheth her children to singe and plaie upon the virginalls "
("P.R.O. Dom. Eliz., vol ccxHii., No. 52). Her younger children
were thus all brought up Catholics, her second son William
being the founder of the Hoghtons of Grimsargh Hall. We shall
have to refer hereafter to her fourth son, Adam, in the tradition
of the Dun Cow Rib. Mrs. Hoghton subsequently became the
wife of Sir Richard Sherburne, of Stonyhurst, but died at The
Lea, Oct. 30, 1609, aged 60.

STfjc JFu^itt&c^
" Though far from Albion's craggy shore,
Divided by the dark blue main ;
A few brief rolling seasons o'er,
Perchance I view her cliffs again." Byron.
Some three years after Thomas Hoghton left England, Vivian
Haydock, accompanied by his son Richard, if not also by his
youngest son George, passed over to Douay, in 1573, and joined
Dr. Allen in his recently established college. Within two years,
having matriculated in the University of Douay, he was ordained
priest, and on Nov. 21. 1575, he set out from the college to risk
his life on the English mission. The strict watch kept by the
English Government was probably the cause of the temporary
postponement of his passage across the channel, for in the follow
ing February he was again at Douay for a few days. The high
opinion held by Dr. Allen, and all the professors at Douay, of
Vivian Haydock's prudence, integrity, and experience, induced
his appointment as procurator for the college in England, an
ofifice which he undertook in 1581 to the general satisfaction of
the clergy. The Privy Council was aware of this, and made

22 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
great exertions to capture him. The examination of Jervais
Pierpoint (" P.R.O., Dom. Eliz.," Vol. clxvii.. No. 59- Jan. (?)
1584), refers to his having received £120 from Vivian Haydock,
at Mr. Lauckland's in Derbyshire, for the seminary at Rheims.
It was here that Vivian Haydock met Fr. Edmund Campion,
the martyr. The celebrated Jesuit, Mr. Simpson tells us, had
been conducted by Gervase Pierrepoint to the house of his
brother Henry Pierrepoint, of Holme Pierrepoint and Thoresby,
in Nottinghamshire, ancestor of the Earls of Kingston. There
he had remained till the Tuesday after Twelfth-day, 1581, when
he and his guide left, and proceeded to Derbyshire, to the houses
of Henry Sacheverell, Mr. Langford, Lady Foljambe, of Walton,
and Mr. Powdrell. Fr. Campion then went into Yorkshire, and
thence was conducted by Mr. More to Lancashire, where he
visited the Worthingtons, of Blainscough Hall ; the Talbots, of
Salesbury Hall ; the Southworths, of Samlesbury Hall ; the
Heskeths, of The Maynes; Mrs. Allen of RossaU Grange;
the Hoghtons, at Lea Hall and Hoghton ; the Westbys, of
Mowbreck Hall ; the Rigmaydens, of Wedacre Hall ; and
probably the Haydocks, at Cottam. At these houses he spent
the time between Easter and Whitsuntide (Apr. 16), bestowing
himself chiefly, according to Lord Burghley, at Mr. Talbot's
and Mr. Southworth's, but according to Fr. Persons, at Thomas
Worthington's and the house of his mother-in-law, Mrs. Allen,
where he was fully occupied in preaching to the crowds that
pressed to have conference with him. " Even up to my time '
(1660), says Fr. Henry More in his history, "Campion's
memory was popular in the North, where they still recollected
his sermons on the Hail Mary, on the Ten Lepers, on the King
who went a journey, on the Last Judgment, and others, which
people were so greedy of hearing that very many persons of
quality spent whole nights in neighbouring barns, so that they
might be early at the place next day. They were drawn, not so
much by his admirable eloquence and accent, as by his fire, and

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 23
by a certain hidden force which they considered could only flow
from the Holy Spirit."
" Hys native flowres were myxte with hearbe of grace,
His mylde behaveour tempered well wyth skyll ;
A lowlye mynde possest a learned place.
A sugred speache, a rare and vertuous wyll.
A saynt lyke ma was sett in earth belowe
The seede of trewth yn hearyng harts to sowe."
Walpole's Epitaph oti Campion.
He preached daily except when he sometimes withdrew him
self to write his book, De Hceresi Desperata (which afterwards
appeared as his Decent Rationes'), and perhaps to avoid the pur
suivants, who were always on his tract. At Blainscough Hall
he was saved from apprehension by a maid-servant, who in
affected anger pushed him into a pond, and thus effectually
disguised him, as the Abbd Dubois once disguised the Regent
Orleans at a low masquerade by kicking him ; a process which
made the regent angrily exclaim, "Abbe,tii me digiiises trap"
It is not to be supposed, as Mr. Simpson remarks, that the
excitement caused by the Jesuit's preaching escaped the notice
of the Government It induced them to use greater severity to
the Catholics in prison, and to search with greater strictness for
those not yet apprehended. A few months later, Campion was
arrested, and the Earl of Derby apprehended Sir John South-
worth, of Samlesbury Hall, his son-in-law, Bartholomew Hesketh,
of Aughton (whose half-sister, Jane, was the wife of Alexander
Hoghton, of Hoghton Tower and Lea Hall) ; William Hesketh
of The Maynes (Cardinal Allen's brother-in-law) ; John Westby,
of Mowbreck (son-in-law, to Sir John Southworth and brother-in-
law to Vivian Haydock) ; and Richard Hoghton, of Park Hall.
Thus Vivian Haydock was hunted from place to place, and at
length the constitution of the old man gave way, and whilst
staying at Mowbreck Hall, he received a shock which speedily
laid him in his grave.

24 THE HAYDOCK PAPERS.
^Il^alloioc'cn.
" If you for me now do not pray,
Tbe utmost farthing I must pay :
The time is hid, when I'll be rid.
Haste then to pity me." HaydocKs Hymn for All Souls.
On the mystic evening of the last day of October, All
Hallows' Eve, it was an ancient belief that supernatural influ
ence prevailed, and spirits, visible and invisible, revisited the
scenes of their earthly existence. From Layton Hill to Pendle,
Parlick Pike and Beacon Fell, brightly shone the Tien-lowe, the
"sacred fire'' of the Druids. On every hill throughout the
Fylde, men stood in circles, raising aloft platted wisps of blazing
straw on forks, to ward off the bar-gJieist, or boggart But in
Catholic times the custom was observed with different meaning ;
it was to beg intercession for the souls of the faithful departed —
the " mournful fire," reminding the faithful to pray for the souls
in purgatory.
On this evening also were baked the Somas cakes — oatmeal
cakes of small size — in preparation for distribution to the children
who went from house to house on All Souls Day. These cakes
are said to have been made by the Jews in honour of the Queen
of Heaven. In Christian times spmas was understood to be
¦intended for " souls mass," but the origin of the custom dates
from early English times, and probably the word derived from
seoma, meaning fetters or restraint, the cakes being an offering
to propiticp.e the wandering spirits. Thus this signification was
readily applied to purgatory by the early English Christians.
In the days of persecution Catholics took' advantage of this
celebration, which was carried on to a late hour, to secretly as
semble in their chapels at midnight, without suspicion, in readi
ness to hear Mass on the feast of All-hallows.
Tradition attributes to this evening the scene of the tragic

THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS. 2j
death of Vivian Haydock, and the legend is still preserved in
the Fylde under the title of —

STfjc ffiorg 5?cati of JHolxibrccjEt ?lall
" A horrid spectre rises to my sight.
Close by my side, and plain and palpable,
In all good seeming and close circumstance.
As man meets man.'' Eihunvald.
On the hallowe'en preceding the arrest of his son George,
Vivian Haydock stood, robed in his vestments, at the foot of the
altar in the domestic chapel at Mowbreck, awaiting the clock to
strike twelve. As the bell tolled the hour of midnight, the
" fugitive " beheld the decapitated head of his favourite son
slowly rising above the altar, whose blood-stained lips seemed to
repeat those memorable words, Tristitia vestra vertetur in
gaudium. Swooning at the horrible apparition, the old man was
carried to his secret chamber; and when the little children called
on All Souls for their somas cakes, to their customary acknow
ledgment of " Pray God be merciful to the suffering souls in
purgatory," they added — " God be merciful to ths soul of Vivian
Haydock." His body was borne to its last resting-place,, and
laid beneath the chapel at Cottam Hall by his son, Dr. Richard
Haydock.

Eijc IBouag (fCoIIcsian.
" O faith, thou wonder-working principle,
Eternal substance of our present hope,
Thou evidence of things invisible 1
What cannot man sustain sustain'd by thee ? "
H. Morels Daniel.
The martyr, George Haydock, tp whom the premonitory ap
parition in the foregoing legend refers, probably accompanied

26 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
his father to Douay in iS73. but seems to have returned to Eng
land for a short time on account of his health, for in June, iS77.
we learn from the diary that he was readmitted into the college.
In 1578 he was sent with others to colonise the English college
at Rome, and was present at its formal erection, April 23, IS79-
At Rome he was ordained deacon, but his health giving way
under the heat of the climate, it was thought advisable that he
should return to Rheims to be ordained priest Before leaving
the Eternal City he went to kiss the feet of the pontiff, who
received him graciously, wished him God speed in his mission,
and supplied him with the necessary funds for his journey. This
was in Sept, 1581, and, on Nov. 2, he arrived at Rheims. On
Dec. 21, he was ordained priest, and on Jan. 4, 1582, he cele
brated his first Mass. Twelve days later he left the college for
the English mission.
" He came by vow. The cawse, to conquyre synne.
His armour, praier. The word his terdge and shielde.
His cumfort heaven, his spoile our sowles to wynne.
The devyll his foe, the wicked worlde his fielde.
His triumphe joy. His wage aeternall blysse.
His capteine Christe, wich ever durying ys."
Fr. Henry Walpole s Epitaph on Campion.
He had scarcely arrived in London when he was betrayed by
an old acquaintance into the hands of the pursuivants. This
man, Hankinson, was the son of one of Vivian Haydock's
tenants at Hollowforth or Lea, and, being of an unsettled dis
position, had proceeded to London, where he had rendered
assistance to the squire's son on the occasion of his return to
Douay. In the meantime, Hankinson had become a pervert,
and not suspecting the change, the martyr made straight for his
house, and told him all about himself and his intentior>s. The
traitor at once made secret arrangement with Norris and Slade,
two pursuivants of the very worst stamp, that they should lie in
wait near his house in St Paul's churchyard, and seize the young

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

27

priest as he came out With this they readily complied, on
>eb. 6, 1582, and carried their prisoner into the cathedral, where
one of the Calvinist ministers conferred with him, and offered
him liberty without further trouble if he would conform to their
new religion. " Religion there was treason to the queue,
Preachyng of penaunce warre agaynst the land.
Priests were such dayngerouse men, as hath not bene,
Praiers and beedes were fyght and force of hand.
Cases of coscience bane unto the state.
So blynde ys errour, so false a wittnes hate."
Pr. H. Walpole' s Epitaph on Campion.
In consequence of Mr. Haydock's steadfast refusal to entertain
anything approaching abjuration of his faith, he was led to a
restaurant or inn, wherein he had been accustomed to take his
meals. There they met with another priest, Arthur Pitts, dining
with Mr. William Jenison, a law-student The former was in
stantly recognised by Slade, for he had been a student with him
at the English college at Rome— the one studying letters, and
the other deceit. They were all three led off to appear before
Popham, the queen's attorney ; but in the meantime, whilst await
ing his arrival, they were surrounded by a concourse of Templars
studying the law in that college, and a keen dispute was carried
on for nearly an hour on the subject of religion. At length, on
Popham's appearance, the prisoners underwent their examina
tion, of which Mr. Haydock has left a circumstantial account as
regards his own in a letter to a fellow-prisoner. He was then
conveyed to the Gatehouse for the night, and on the morrow to
the Star Chamber, to appear before Cecil, the high treasurer
who committed him to the Tower with Mr. Pitts, where they
were received by Sir William George, then in command of the
gate-wardens. This ruffian heaped every kind of abuse upon
the defenceless prisoners, passing Mr. Haydock at length to the
mercy of a man who proved himself to be still more depraved.

28 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
It appears that on his arrest, Norris offered to release the young
IDriest if he would give him some pieces of gold. Inexperienced
m the artifices of such men, Mr. Haydock drew forth his purse
and paid the pursuivant what he demanded. But the scoundrel,
perceiving that he had a considerable sum left, set his mind
upon the remainder, and refused to keep his plighted word. He
then listened attentively at the examinations to learn to what
prison the priest should be consigned, and going by a short cut
to the lieutenant of the Tower, Sir Owen Hopton, advised him
of the gold remaining on Mr. Haydock's person, in the hope that
he might be allowed some share of the plunder. Hopton, there
fore, consigned his prisoner to a remote dungeon, and forbade
all access to him, so tliat the robbery might not become known.
Thus for fifteen months Mr. Haydock was detained in a most
wretched condition, seeing no one but his gaoler, except on one
occasion ^vhen a priest contrived to get into his cell and to fortify
him with the Holy Eucharist.
Shortly before his martyrdom he was removed to another cell,
where access to him was occasionally permitted, and he was en
abled secretly to receive the sacraments. Those who saw him
were greatly edified by his humility and patience, for besides the
inflictions of his prison, he was suffering from a return of the
lingering disease contracted in Italy, which grievously tormented
him by day and night, frequently causing violent cramps of an
hour's duration in his stomach and limbs.
At length, on Jan. i8, 1584, he was brought before the recorder
of London, Sir William Fleetwood, who received him with most
outrageous language, unfit for publication, and allowed his fury
to attain such a pitch as to stretch forth his fist to strike the poor
young priest, whose only remark was — " Use your might, for in
behalf of the Catholic faith I will cheerfully suffer anything."
" The martyr smil'd beneath avenging power.
And braved the tyrant in his torturing hour !"
T. Campbell, Pleaswres of Hope.

THE HAYDOCK PAPERS 29
His constancy being apparent, it was resolved to malce away
with him, and accordingly those murderous questions wore put
— what he thought of the Pope, and what of the Queen — what
authority ought, in his opinion, to be granted to the one, and
what to the other ? To this the martyr courageously answered
in well-chosen words, that the Roman Pontiff possessed supreme
and full power of ruling the universal church of Christ upon
earth, and that the Queen was incompetent to hold this priestly
dignity and authority, nor could that holy oflice be filled by a
woman. This was enough, but to render him more odious to '
her majesty and the council, he was pressed till he reluctantly
consented (as he himself afterwards frankly confessed) to declare
that the Queen was a heretic, and, without repentance, was in
danger of being eternally lost Then in triumph he was com
mitted, the day being the feast of St Peter's Chair. The thought
that he should be doomed for maintaining the authority of the
chair on this very day was a source of great satisfaction to the
martyr. " Remember you that wulde oppresse the cawse.
The churche ys Christe's, his honour can not dye,
Thowgh hell it selfe wreste her gryslye iawes,
And ioyne yn leage wyth schisme and haeresie,
Thowgh crafte devise and cruell rage oppresse,
Yet skyle wyll wryte, and martyrdome confesse."
Fr. H. Walpole's Epitaph oti Campion.

Efjc ^luntrcr of Saossall ^ransc.
" Homo homine lupus." Fleetwood Motto.
The extraordinary exhibition of animosity displayed by the
recorder. Sir William Fleetwood, on the occasion of George Hay
dock's commitment, may undoubtedly be accounted for to some
extent, from the fact of his being own cousin to Edmund Fleet-

30 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
wood, son of Thomas Fleetwood, of Vach, Co. Bucks, who was
at that very time endeavouring to encompass the Aliens and
their relatives in the meshes of the penal laws in order to obtain
possession of their estate at RossaU, of which his father had pur
chased the reversion. RossaU had formerly been a grange be
longing to the suppressed abbey of Dieulacres, and from an
eariy period it had been held under long leases by the Allen
family, one of whom had been abbot of that monastery. On
March 13, 1553, Edward VI. granted RossaU to Thomas Fleet
wood, subject to the unexpired lease of the Aliens, which had
still many years to run at the time of its seizure. George Hay
dock's widowed aunt, Mrs. Allen, the Cardinal's sister-in-law,
was then residing at the Grange with her daughters. On the
very day the martyr suffered, the mansion was entered and
plundered by Edmund Trafford, of Trafford, sheriff of the
county of Lancaster, acting in collusion with Edmund Fleet
wood. Finding the portrait of the eminent Cardinal hanging on
the wall in the dining-hall, the intruders hurled innumerable
revilings and bloodthirsty speeches against him, and defacing
his portrait with their knives and daggers, finally threw it down
upon the floor and trampled it under foot Fleetwood then took
possession of the estate, and over the entrance to RossaU Grange
set up the wolf, in place of the three conies, with the ominous
motto of the Fleetwoods — Homo Homine Lupus.
This robbery was confirmed by a most scandalously con
ducted trial at Manchester, a mere mockery of the law, at which
Fleetwood himself was appointed foreman of the packed jury
by the iniquitous Trafford in virtue of his office of sheriff.

THE HA YDOCK PA PERS. 3 1
Bofaj, t!)US I
" And now behold how hunger haunts with cheeks both pale ai.d leane.
This bloudy butcher furious Mars, and all his wicked traine;
And greedy spoile, spares not to spill, to pray on others good.
Ravening Rape with maid and wife runs headlong to the wood."
Robinson's Verses upon Sir Edmond Trafford.
Fifty years before, William Trafford, Abbot of Salley,
stood side by side in the dock at Lancaster with William Hay
dock, monk of Whalley. Now the Trafford flail reverses. Dr.
Bridgewater, in his Concertatio, graphically describes the thrasher.
Sir Edmund Trafford, he tells us, was selected by the council as
sheriff of the county because he was so thoroughly imbued with
the perfidy of Calvin, and the frenzy of Beza, that it might be
said he was merely waiting for this very opportunity sys
tematically to pursue with insults and to despoil of their pro
perty all those who remained staunch to the ancient faith. For
the furious hate of this inhuman wretch was all the more fiercely
stirred by the fact that he saw offered to him such a prospect of
increasing his slender means out of the property of Catholics,
and of adorning his house with various articles of furniture
filched from their houses. For though, as far as his own fortune
went, he could scarcely be called a gentleman, still with other
people's gold, no matter how wrongfully come by, he might
rightly be called and accounted a knight This reward he
eventually received at York, April 17, 1603; and as a second
wife, Cecil, Lord Burghly, the arch-persecutor, gave him his
daughter Mildred. It is significant that Sir Edmund's daughter
Elizabeth married Richard Fleetwood of Penwortham.
Happily the flail took the opposite direction in the next gene
ration with the return of Sir Cecil Trafford, knighted at Hoghton
Tower, to the faith of his ancestors.
Shortly before the plunder of RossaU, Edmund Trafford went

, , THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
on a similar errand to Blainscough Hall, the seat of Thomas
Worthington, who had married the martyr's cousin, Mary Alien
About the same time he made a raid on Cottam Hall, the seat o
William Haydock, the martyr's eldest brother, and there he
seized their only sister, Aloysia Haydock, "a maiden truly worthy
of the noble race of Haydock," says Dr. Bridgewater, "which has
the glory of producing two confessors, the father and elder son,
and one martyr, George Haydock, the younger son, all of them
most holy priests of Christ" Poor girl 1 though subject to fre
quent epileptic fits, of which the robber was aware, and saw with
his own eyes, she was hurried to Salford gaol for refusing to
join him in his scurrilous abuse of Christ's Vicar. And her sor
row too was soon turned into eternal ]oy-r-Tristitia vestra
vertetur m gaudium.
With this brkve girl was sent to the same gaol Elizabeth
Hankinson, the sister of the Iscariot who betrayed the martyr.
It is curious to find in the records of the prison that at this very
time it held so many relatives of the Allen and Haydock
families — old Sir John Southworth, the brother-in-law of George
liaydock's Uncle John Westby, Thomas Woods, priest, and
Thomas Hoghton, priest The martyr's cousin, William Hesketh
of Little Poulton Hall, whose mother was a Westby, was im
prisoned in the Fleet, where the young priest had visited him
on his arrival in London, and learned for the first time the in
telligence of his father's sudden death at Mowbreck Hall. It
was William Hesketh who married Cardinal Allen's sister
Elizabeth, artd it was in his name that an unsuccessful action
was brought in the Duchy of Lancaster court by Bartholomew
Hesketh, June 29, 1585, to recover some of the property seized
at the plunder of RossaU Grange.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 33

'^Lijc i^art^rtom.
" The towre saies, the trewth he dyd defende.
The barre beares wittnes of his gyltelesse mynde,
Tiburne doth tell, he made a pacient end.
In everie gate his martyrdom we fynde.
In vayne yo" wroghte, that wuld obscure his name.
For heaven and earthe wyll styll recorde the same."
Fr. H Walpole, Epitaph on Campion.
On the feast of the Epiphany, 1584, the day on which the
martyr had been apprehended two years before, he was brought
from the Tower to Westminster Hall. There he was arraigned
for high treason, with four other priests, and on the following
day, the feast of St Dorothy, to whom he had a special devotion>
he was condemned. This coincidence he carefully noted in the
calendar of his breviary previous to presenting it to his fellow-
prisoner, the venerable archbishop of Armagh.
After receiving sentence of death for being a priest, the
martyr returned to his cell filled with a gladness beyond expres
sion, and thanking God from his soul for granting him so great a
privilege. The description of his barbarous execution at Tyburn,
a few days later, Feb. 12, 1584, and the circumstances attending
it, will be found related in Bishop Challoner's " Memoirs of
Missionary Priests " with sufficient exactitude, and need not here
be repeated. One fact more, however, may be added with ad
vantage.

%\)t Hantitoritins on tijc prison SEall.
" The day shall come, a great and happy day,
WHien vice shall yield its arbitrary sway."
Bishop John Brings, MS.
Whilst all alone in his loathsome dungeon, and no admittance
being granted to anyone, the martyr took pleasure in drawing
the name and ensigns of the Roman pontiff with a , piece of

34 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
chalk, and carving them with some sharp instrument, on the
wall of the prison. Afterwards he added the following inscrip
tion, "Gregory- XIII., on earth the supreme head of the whole
Catholic Church," and though he was soundly rated for it by
the warder, declined to efface it Elsewhere he inscribed his
family motto, and it is exceedingly curious that a hundred years
later, Fr. Corker, O.S.B., relates in his " Remonstrance of Piety
and Innocence," that the holy confessor, Fr. Thomas Jenison,
S.J., relieved the weary hours of his imprisonment by extracting
the following double chronogram (1686), out of this inscription,
found in his cell at Newgate, apparently in the hope that the
prophecy would be accomplished in the joyful restoration of re.
ligion under the rule of the Catholic sovereign, James II.: —
trIstItIa Vestra VertetVr In gaVDIVM aLLeLVIa,
yoVr sorrow shaL be MaDe Very JoyfVLL Vnto yoV.

^t^ Sftull at iSahjlrfsIcs.
" Now no more shall pain or tears
Crush his heart or bow his spirit ;
Now no more shall earthly fears
Cloud the joys he doth inherit."
Hyntn io St.Francis of Assist.
It was probably the martyr's cousin, William Hesketh, dis
charged from the Fleet in 1582, who obtained possession of his
head, which was religiously preserved by the family in the
chapel at Cottam till the estate passed into other hands. The
skull was then taken to Mawdesley, the seat of Thomas Finch,
gentleman, who married one of the sisters of the last squire of
Cottam. Therein its faded velvet bag, it stUl remains in the
priest's hiding-place adjoining the chapel at the top of the house.
This quaint old building has been the residence of the family for
centuries. It was erected in the sixteenth century, and the
family can point with pride to its martyr, John Finch, the layman

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 3 5
executed at Lancaster, April 20, 1584. In the secluded burial-
ground attached to the little chapel at Fernyhalgh, is a monu
ment erected to the memory of the Reverend James Finch, the
last of the English Carthusian monks, who died March 3, 1821,
aged 72 — " Good Christian, on this stone shed not a tcir.
For virtue lies entom'd, enshrouded here."

^awons' (Eoacfiman.
" Do not our great reformers use
This Sidrophel to forbode news ?"

Butler.

The martyr's elder brother Richard is frequently referred to in,
documents in the State Paper Office, and in the records of
English Catholic affairs on the continent He was born about
1552, and went to Douay College with his father Vivian Hay
dock, in 1 573. Four years later he was ordained priest, and ac
companied the professors and students when the college was
transferred to Rheims in 1578. He was one of the first selected
by Dr. Allen to commence the establishment of an English
college at Rome. When Dr. Clenock's partiality for his Welsh
countrymen created dissensions in the college, which terminated
in its being placed under the direction of the Jesuits, Dr. Hay
dock was one of the most prominent actors. His name appears
second in the list of those who took the college oath at its final
settlement and formal opening, April 23, 1579. There he com
pleted his studies and took his degree of D.D. On the following
November 4, he left the college for the English mission, having
previously been presented by Dr. AUen to his Holiness, who
gave him his blessing and liberally provided him with funds for
his dangerous journey. The English Government was shortly
apprised, by one of its numerous spies on the continent, that

T^6 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
" Doctor Haddock with three other priests have passed this way."
In his letter, now amongst this state papers {Dom. Eliz. cli. No.
74, 1 581), the informer, in furtherance of his profession, pre
tended to have heard a report that Father Parsons' gold hac!
animated them to some villainous attempt against her Majesy's
person. He cunningly added, " I cannott believe that suche
wickednes can be fostered in the spiritte of these youthes (for
they are yonge), notwithstanding be warie and very circumspect
that if this Haddock come to England you now non of yo'''
come into his company, for Parsons' wrath be devilishe and have
extravagant drifte and bad ends." "
In 1582 the council received another information {Dom. Eliz.
vol. cliv. No. yS), "Richard Hadocke, preeste, who keepithe
w'*" his brother at Cottam Hall, two myles from Preston in
Lank^ or with his Unci three miles from his brother's house.
His unckell's name is John Westbye, and the house where he
dwellethe is called Moorbrydge Hall in Lanck" . Dr. Allen is
unckell unto the said Hadocke and to George Hadocke prisoner
in the Tower." It has already been said that the doctor's eldest
brother, William, married the daughter of Sir Richard Hoghton,
of Hoghton Tower. He was a great sufferer for the faith, and
his name prominently figures in the records of the Lancashire
recusants. In 1584, the year of so much trouble to his family,
he was one of those Lancashire gentlemen who had awarded to
them, in virtue of their recusancy, the exclusive privilege of fur
nishing each a Ught horseman with accoutrements for the service
of her Majesty. At a later period {Dom. Eliz. vol. cclxvi., No. 80,
Feb. 1598), he was assessed ;^5 towards the expense of raising
troops for service in Ireland on the same account and through-
out his life he was subjected to all those cruel impositions and
penalties under the penal laws devised by a tyrannical govern
ment to stamp out the faith of the people and to establish a new
religion. In an information about the keeping of schoolmasters
in Lancashire (Z?o;«. £fe. vol. ccxliii., No. 52., Oct 1592), the

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

37

following occurs,. " Mr. Haddocke of Cottam, he is of Aliens
Kynrid, kepte a Recusante scholemaster many yeares whose
name as of the others I can learne when I come into Lanca
shire." According to the diary of the English college at Rome, Dr.
Haydock at some period of his career in England suffered im
prisonment for the faith. After ten years of missionary labour
in England and Ireland, playing hide and seek with the pursui
vants, the doctor returned to the continent and was invited to
Rome by Cardinal Allen, who appointed him his domestic chap
lain. This position he retained till the cardinal's death in 1 594
when he was recommended for, a benefice by the Spanish am
bassador. El Duque de Sessa. He remained in Italy for some
years, in close friendship with Fr. Persons, S.J., whose con
fidence he enjoyed. In 1595 the English government was in-
fqrmed by Thomas Wilson, one of its spies {Dom. Eliz. vol. ccli..
No. 90), that two years before there had been a consultation at
Rome between the Duke of Sissons, Ambassador of Spain^
Cardinal Aldobrandini, Protector of England, the Jesuit General
Aquaviva, Fr. Persons, Prefect of the English mission, S.J., and
others, about the restoration of the hierarchy in England. The
.spy professed that Blackwell, the archpriest, was selected for the
archbishopric of York, with an annual pension of 4,000 crowns
from Spain; Dr. Haydock was to fill the princely See of Durham,
and a third bishop was proposed for Carlisle, the two latter to
have pensions of 2,000 crowns. The drift of the device was to
stop the entrance of the King of Scots into England, and to form a
strong party for the Infanta. But this, the spy added, was ab
andoned through the objections of an English priest, and some
other plan proposed.
Another document in the Record Office {Dom. Eliz. vol. xxxiv.
Addenda, n. 42, II, Oct 160 1) again reveals the attention paid
by the spies to Dr. Haydock, who is represented to Cecil as
" Parsons' coachman, for that he keepeth his coach and horses.

^g THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
and are at his sole command, but sayeth or may say, Hos ego
versiculos feci tulit alter honores. For it is well known unto the
worid that Dr. Haddocks is not able to keep a coach and two
horses at Rome, for it is very chargeable, and his living small,
besides two men to attend him, but the poor scholars pay for
all, and whereas the college formerly was well able to maintain
seventy scholars, now it is not able to maintain fifty, although
the living or revenues is rather increased than decreased ; only
except that Parsons, in despite and revenge of the scholars, sold
away a great vineyard, the goodliest in Rome, both in vines,
walks, fruits, houses, waters, and other necessaries whatsoever,
and a thousand crowns under the value as would have been
given for the same. The said Mr. Doctor is president of the
council at the college, and generally every afternoon do they
sit to deliberate of all causes. The councillors' names are these
following : Parsons, judge, Walpole, Stephens, Smythe, Owen,
Dr. Haydock, Mr. Thomas Fitzherbert, Mr. Roger Baines, and
Mr. Sweete, when he was there. When the case is litigious then
Father Harrison is sent for to censure his opinion in the same.
They cannot well agree among themselves who should be car
dinal, some will have Fr. Parsons, Mr. Fitzherbert, Mr. Mump-
sons, or Dr. Haddock, but the pope will take an order for making
of English cardinals, for he is well persuaded of their sedition
and . . . tion bishoprics will not serve their turns, but must pre
sently become cardinals."
Soon after this Dr. Haydock left Rome for Douay College,
where he arrived Oct 26th, 1602. He then proceeded to Lanca
shire, and thence, perhaps, to Ireland, where he held the dignity
of Dean of Dublin, for in the archives of the See of Westminster
(vol. IIL, p. 311) is a memorial to the pope, dated 1602, to which
among other autograph signatures is appended that of " Richar-
dus Hadocus, sacrse theologise doctor et Dubliniensis decanus."
Filled with a desire to visit Rome once more, he returned to
Douay, June 3rd, 1603, and began his journey thence in company

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 39
with Dr. Harrison, procurator of the college, who was commis
sioned to lay before His Holiness the poverty of the college at
that time. Dr. Haydock arrived at the English College at
Rome on the following Aug. 27th. The pilgrim-book of the
hospice in connection with the college states that he received
with his servant ten days' hospitality.
The remainder of his life was spent in Rome, during which
time he translated from the Italian Cardinal Bellarmine's large
catechism into English. He then sent it to Douay for publica
tion in 1604. Worn out with continual labour and suffering,
he died at a comparatively early age in the year 1605, and was
probably buried, as directed in his will, at the foot of the altar of
our Lady in the church of St Thomas of Canterbury, attached
to the English college at Rome. In his will, written in Latin,
he made bequests to St Ursula's Augustinian Convent at Lou
vain, to his maternal aunt, Elizabeth Allen, and to his relatives,
Catherine Allen, Fr. Thomas Talbot, S.J., Thomas Worthington
of Blainscough, Esq., Dr. Thomas Worthington, president of
Douay College, &c. He made the English College, Rome, his
residuary legatee, and desired a marble slab to be placed over
his remains, inscribed with his name and degree, his arms and
the Haydock motto — Tristitia vestra vertetur in gaudium —
" Oh, that posterity
Could leam from him but this, that loves his wound.
There is no pain at all in dying well.
For none are lost but those that make their hell ! " Valentinian.

EJjc i^cstoratton of tfjc ^nslislj aScnctJtcttnc Congregation,
" Which force to Bennet eke they give, that help enough may be.
By saints in every place. 'What dost thou omitted see ? " Anon.
Another ecclesiastical member of the Cottam family is con
spicuous for the part he took in the restoration of the venerable
Benedictine congregation in England. Dom Robert Haydock,

40 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
who used the alias of Benson on the mission, was professed in
the monastery of St Martin at Compostella. In 1607 he arrived
in London, where he had the reputation of being one of the
most learned and spiritually wise of those who had been brought
up in Spain. He became the superior of the monks on the
mission in England belonging to the Spanish congregation, and
in that capacity was elected one of the nine definitors to draw
up the terms of the union of the three congregations then in
England, the Italian, the Spanish, and the old English congrega
tion. This was approved by Paul V., and the new congregation
was constituted in 1619, by the brief Ex Incumbenti. At the
chapter of 1625, Dom Robert Haydock was elected provincial
of York, an ofiice which he held till 1629. In 1633 he was
elected the first cathedral prior of Durham, under the new con
stitution, and in this dignity he was confirmed by the bull of
Urban VIII., dated July 4, in that year. It was in this year that
Charles I. visited Durham on his way to Scotland, when he was
entertained by Bishop Morton, whose expenses in one day
amounted to ;£'i500. Having laboured with great fruit on the
mission, the venerable prior died in Staffordshire, full of years,
Feb. 8, 1650. " He sleeps in yonder nameless ground,
A cross hath marked the stone —
Pray ye, his soul in death hath found
The peace to hfe unknown ! " R. S .Hawker.

jHag Sfjclton, tJjc TOitcij of ®ootiplum}jton.
' ' By the pricking of my thumbs.
Something wicked this way comes : —
Open locks, whoever knocks." Macbeth.
He have now arrived at a period when* the Haydocks are
again brought under notice by one of the numerous traditions
connected with the Fylde. In the 17th century there lived in

TIIE HA YDOCK P.iPKRS. 41
these parts a famous witch commonly known by the name of
Mag Shelton, though her real name was Margery Hilton. This
hag resided alone in a wretched hovel called Cuckoo Hall,
situated in a solitary part of Wesham, adjoining the footpath
leading from Kirkham to Singleton.

" It was a lodge of ample size.
But strange of structure and device ;
Of such materials as around
The workman's hand had readiest found." Lady of the Lake.
Her neighbours regarded her with dread. Even to this day
oral traditions of her extraordinary pranks are retained by the
country folk. Her food was haggis (in common use at that time
in the Fylde), made of boiled groats mixed with thyme and
parsley. So great was the superstition of the times, that almost
every misfortune in the neighourhood was attributed to the evil
doings of Mag Shelton. Farmers complained of their milk being
turned sour, of their cattle being lamed, and of their cows being
milked. On one occasion she was met by a countryman driving
a goose before her. The path was narrow, and as the goose did
not get out of the way, the lout struck the seeming bird with his
stick, when lo ! to his amazement, it was changed into a broken
pitcher, with milk flowing on every side. It was thus the witch
conveyed the stolen milk to her abode. On another occasion
she was foiled by a powerful spell, the contrivance of a maiden,
whose father suspected that his cow had been bewitched. With
kindly words the girl inveigled the unsuspecting hag into the
farm, and seated her cosily in the " ingle neuk." Under the
'' squab " where the witch sat, a bodkin, crossed with two weavers'
healds, was laid, so that Mag, once seated, was powerless to rise.
'' Oo shonna shift naa, fayther, ti' oo's t'en 'or een oth coo," said
the wench, as she heaped turf and wood on the fire till the flames
roared fiercely up the chimney. The heat grew more and more
intense, till the unhappy witch was nearly roasted. Her piteous

^2 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
screams found no compassion until she had removed the enchant
ment from the cow.
It is no wonder, therefore, that in course of time the extreme
aversion with which Mag Shelton was regarded, rendered her
position at Cuckoo Hall almost intolerable, and it was with
shrewd avidity that she took advantage of the foUowing incident
to change her abode.

%\}Z aEitcJj's Compact.
" Hare, hare, God send thee care !
I am in hare's likeness now ;
But I shall be a woman even now —
Hare, hare, God send thee care."
8cott, Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft.
The lord of Cottam at this period was an ardent follower of
the hounds, and one day, after fruitless search for sport, he
visited the witch, and complained that he could find no hares.
Cuckoo Hall was the property of the Haydocks, but passed to the
Cottams as part of the marriage settlement of the squire's sister.
Ultimately, it reverted to its original owners through the mar
riage of the heiress of the Cottams with George Haydock, whose
son, George Leo, the biblical annotator, has left a sketch of the
place as it appeared in 1793. William Haydock, the hero of this
story, married Jane, daughter of Hugh Anderton of Euxton
Hall, by Margaret, daughter of Roger Kirkby, of Kirkby, Esq.,
and his portrait, in the act of caressing his favourite hound, is
still preserved with that of his wife.
In response to the squire's complaint, Mag Shelton agreed to
produce a hare on condition that he should provide her with a
cottage on his estate in Woodplumpton, near to Cottam Hall,
for she felt that she could no longer reside at Cuckoo Hall with
safety. But this offer was accompanied with the proviso that a

THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS. 43
certain black hound should not be let slip. The squire readily
acquiesced, and, following the hag's instructions, proceeded with
his dogs to the field behind her house, where he was told he
would find what he wanted. Within a few minutes, a hare broke
through the hedge and made across country in the direction of
Plumpton. In the words of the " Stonyhurst Buck-Hunt,"
written in 1712 by Mr. Cottam, of Hurst Green, a connection of
the squire : " The hounds uncoupled on the plain,
A mortal war straight did proclaim."
It was a famous run, the hare always keeping just in front of the
dogs, but, as evening came on the fear of losing the hare alto
gether made the squire forget his promise. The black hound
was slipped, and gained fast upon its quarry, which now doubled
and ran madly towards Wesham, barely saving its life by jumping
through the witch's window.
" Close on the hounds the hunter came.
To cheer them on the vanished game."
Scott, Lady of the Lake, Canto, I. ix.
Imprecations from the hovel brought back the witch's compact
to the squire's remembrance. The black hound had snapped her
heel as she disappeared through the lattice, and it was significant
that ever afterwards Mag Shelton limped.

®ijc 23ouHicr=stone at aSEiJtilipIttmpton*
" The solemn dirge, ye owls, prepare.
Ye bats, more hoarsely shriek,
Croak, all ye ravens, round the bier.
And all ye church-mice squeak." — Anon.
At length the time came when the witch was missed from her

44 THE UA YDOCK PAPERS
accustomed haunts. Several days had passed without anyone
seeing her. The squire ordered her door to be broken open, and
Mag Shelton was discovered cru.shed to death between a barrel
and the wall. The gossips unanimously declared that the devil
had adopted this plan of claiming his own. She was buried by
torchlight at the western end of the churchyard at Woodplump
ton, close to the end of the footpath. But the restless spirit of
Mag Shelton was not so easily pacified. Her corpse was found
on the sod in the morning, and as often as it was interred it re
appeared, till her spirit was laid by the priest at Cottam Hall.
A huge boulder-stone was rolled over the grave, which even yet
raises its massive body from its deep embedment, and calls the
attention of the passers-by to the spot where Mag Shelton, the
witch of Woodplumpton, lies buried.

%\iz Hast ,Sj|utrc of Cottam.
" But to wanton me, to wanton me.
Ken ye which niaist wad wanton me .'
To see King James at Edinburgh Cross,
¦VVi' fifty thousand foot and horse,
And the Usurper forced to flee ;
Oh, this is what maist wad wanton me.'' Jacobite Song.
William Haydock, born about 1671, was the eldest son of the
hunting squire. He has the unenviable distinction of havine
brought to a close the residence of the family at Cottam Hall.
The honest squire, as he was generally termed, was a staunch
adherent of the exiled Stuarts. It was this that ruined the
Haydocks, like so many other Catholic families in Lancashire,
whose loyalty to the rightful heir to the throne was proof against
the temptations of the usurper. He was a bachelor, and he
devoted the whole of his energies and means to the furtherance

THE HA YDOCK PA PERS. 45
of the cause that was nearest his heart Thomas Tyldesley, the
diarist, under date August 4, 1714, notes his going from his
residence at Myerscough Lodge to meet a number of Jacobite
squires— Ned Winckley, of Bannister HaU, the young lord of
Rawcliffe (Richard Butler), Gabriel Hesketh, of White Hill,
Henry Whittingham, of Whittingham, and Squire Haydock— of
whom the last brought the news that Queen Anne died on the pre-
viousSundaymorningbetween seven and eight o'clock. Such were
their joyful expectations of the restoration of the royal exiles
that they forthwith indulged in a "pig-feast" to celebrate the
event Over the water-jug went the Fulham-ware cups, with a
rose on the rim above the drinker's mouth, sub rosa, " To the
king," across the water —
'•' God bless the King ! I mean the Faith's Defender,
God bless — no harm in blessing — the Pretender 1
Who that Pretender is, and who is King,
God bless us all ! that's quite another thing." ' John Byrom
Then " Hie thee, Jamie, hame again," resounded through the
hall. The accession of the Elector of Hanover to the throne was not
the first inversion of the family motto which Squire Haydock ex
perienced. It was he who bred the steed which threw the Orange
Prince, WUliam IIL, and cost him his life on the 8th of March,
1702. Queen Anne, instead of the legitimate heir to the throne,
replaced the Dutch intruder, and now the queen was succeeded
by her cousin George. Poor Tyldesley did not live to see the
failure of the Chevalier de St George's struggle forhis rights,
for he died in January, 17 15, leaving his friend, the honest
squire of Cottam, the loser of the considerable sum he had lent
him. In the following year, William Haydock was outlawed for
the part he had taken in the Stuart rising, and he died shortly
afterward.s, either from wounds received at the battle of Preston,
or from a broken heart at the ruin of his master's cause.

46

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

Shortly before he was declared an outlaw, the squire conveyed
the manor of Cottam to John Shuttleworth, of Hodsock Park,
Nottinghamshire, Esq., whose son and heir, George, had married
Dorothy Haydock, one of the squire's three sisters and eventual
co-heiresses. Her portrait bears the inscription, "1737. aged 57."
The estate, according to the entail, should have passed in succes
sion to his three brothers, Gilbert, Cuthbert.and Hugh,all of whom
were priests. Their cousin, George Haydock, of Leach Hall,
Bartle, in Woodplumpton, was the next heir, and executor to the
squire's will, in which George's son, Gilbert, the testator's godson,
received a bequest On July 2, 1730, George Haydock conveyed
his interest in the manor of Cottam for a small consideration to
George Farington, of Worden HaU, in trust for Henry Farington
of Preston, son and heir of Valentine Farington. Towards the
close of the century, the estate was sold by the Faringtons to
John Cross, grandfather to the late Col. W. Assheton Cross, of
Redscar, and his brother, the present Viscount Cross. It was
their father, William Cross, who pulled down the Hall in the
early part of this century.
It is worthy of notice that the last squire, in his will, requested
his executors to ratify and confirm a lease for three lives to
Thomas Miller of a messuage in Cottam and a close of land in
Ingol. From Thomas MUler descended the immortal bishop of
Castabala, John Milner, vicar apostolic of the Midland District,
who changed the orthography of his name when he went to
Sedgley Park School. Catc{)=ftcllf.
" Here, where girls unfearing play,
Sacrilage erst sought for prey ;
Scared the flock, the priest with scorn,
Plundered, to a gaol was borne." Edw. Wilcock.
Tradition affirms that a priest of the family of Haydock was

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 47
taken in the middle of a field adjoining Cottam Hall, which is
known to this day by the name of Catch-field. The history is
as follows. Gilbert Haydock, born in 1678, was a younger
brother of the last squire. He was sent to Douay College at an
early age, where he was distinguished for his close application to
his studies, and for his equal progress in virtue and piety. He
took the college oath. Sept 8th, 1703, and in the beginning of
1705, we learn from Bishop Dicconson's diary that he was one
of the six students then in the school of philosophy. The same
authority informs us that he passed through his defensions — in
Latin and Greek — with universal admiration, on the 3rd, 4th,
and 5th of August, in that year. Four or five Jesuits from the
university of Douay attended each day to dispute in Greek. On
December i6th, 1706, he was ordained sub-deacon at Cambrai,
and in 1708 he was ordained priest In the following year he
was sent to the mission at Cottam Hall, where his apostolic zeal
and labours were attended with the happiest effects in the con
version and care of souls. In the spring following the unsuc
cessful rising in favour of the rightful heir to the throne, in 171 5,
his brother was outlawed, a raid was made on Cottam Hall, and
Gilbert Haydock was seized in the middle of " catch-field " as he
was endeavouring to make his escape. He was consigned to
Lancaster Castle, where he endured several months' imprison
ment Whilst StUl a prisoner he was appointed chaplain to the
Augustinian nuns of the convent of St. Monica at Louvain,
where he arrived, after his discharge from prison, on August ist
1716. Some entries in the Douay diary at this period are per
tinent to the subject On November 24th, 1715, is recorded
the victory of the Earl of Marr over the Earl of Argyle at Dum-
blane, and the defeat and capture of the Earl of Derwentwater at
Preston. Amongst the prisoners was James Mudford, a priest
and alumnus of Douay. Prayers were recited in the college, by
order cf the president, Mr. Robert Witham, for the success of

48 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
James III. A little later it is stated that James embarked at
Dunkirk on December 27th, 1715, and landed in Scotland on
January 2nd, 1716. The event was celebrated at the college by
a Te Deum. On the 22nd of February he returned to France,
unable to cope with the forces sent against him, landing safe
near Calai.s. The pariiament had offered for him, dead or alive,
.£¦100,000. About 17 1 8, President Witham went to Louvain to
take Gilbert Haydock's place, whilst he went to Engknd with
two nuns of the family of the Earl of Denventwater on business,
lest the convent should suffer by losing their pension, which
had been paid from the patrimony of the Earl.
Gilbert Haydock remained chaplain at Louvain till his death,
greatly to the satisfaction and edification of the religious ladies,
who, in their mortuary bill, bore testimony to his merit " He
was a truly pious and exemplary clergyman, and minutely exact
in every duty ; in the celebration of the divine mysteries, his
fervour and piety frequently manifested themselves in a copious
profusion of tears, and his charity to the poor in abundant alms.
In a word, he was the mirror and pattern of every virtue becom
ing a christian and a clergyman." He bore a tender devotion to
the Blessed Virgin, and every year, after a spiritual retreat of
eight days, made a pilgrimage to her chapel on Mount Acuto.
After an iUness of fifteen days, which he bore with the most ex
emplary patience, and spent in preparing himself for eternity, he
departed this life on the 22nd day of September, 1749, in the
68th year of his age, and the 42nd of his priesthood.
W^i Btstriiction of 5iEorltgop JHanor.
" 'Twas the last red ray of the setting sun.
And it stream'd on the painted wall.
And told that another bright day was done.
And had vanished beyond recall." F. C. Husenbeth.
Cuthbert Haydock, another brother of the last squire, was

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 49
born, according to the Doua>- diary, in 1684 He went to the
college with his brother Gilbert, and there they were subse
quently joined by their younger brother Hugh. Cuthbert took
the college oath Dec. 27th, 1703, and Hugh, who was born July
2ist, 1689, followed his example on Nov. 3rd, 171 1. Tovyards
the close of 1712, the Dean of Mechlin and another ecclesiastic
were commissioned to e.xamine the president, professors, and
students at Douay, the college having been falsely charged with
Jansenist opinions. Hugh Haydock was one of the six youths
questioned under the school of di\inity, and helped by his lucid
answers in writing to clear the college from the imputation. In
due time both brothers were ordained priests. Cuthbert was
sent to the mission on Mar. 26th, 17 14. He was at first stationed
at Mawdesley in Lancashire, but probably found it necessary to
leave it when the persecution became so hot after the Stuart
rising in 171 5, for his name and residence were reported to the
government in the following year {Forfeited Estates, S. 95. V.R.O.
He lived for some time at Mawdesley with Thomas Finche, who
had married his sister Mary. There he attended the Catholics
of the district, and in the little sacristy, adjoining the chapel at
the top of the house, some of his books remain to this day.
Ultimately he was appointed chaplain to the Duke of Norfolk
at Worksop Manor, in Nottinghamshire, not very far removed
from the residence of his sister, Mrs. Shuttleworth, at Hodsock
Park, where it is also said he spent some time as chaplain be
tween his leaving Lancashire and settling at Worksop. There
he lived forty years, beloved by all who knew him.
On Nov. 22nd, 1761, the ancient mansion at Worksop, on
which ;£22,ooo had been recently expended, was unfortunately
burned to the ground, and the loss in paintings, statuary (in
cluding a part of the Arundelian collection), fine library, and
furniture, was estimated at more than ;£" 100,000. It was com
monly reported that " Mr. Haydock never looked up after." He
died Jan. nth, 1763, aged 7^, just two months before Edward,

50 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
ninth Duke of Norfolk, laid the foundation of a splendid new
mansion which cost him ;£^300,000. This edifice, which was a
scene of almost regal magnificence, was destined in turn to be
razed to the ground, when the Duke sold the estate to the
Duke of Newcastle for ^£'380,000.
Mr. Haydock was a staunch supporter of his alma mater^
Douay College. The diary records that he took there six
students of good family on July 1 8th, 1 726. He was chosen a
member of the old chapter in March, 1734, and was held in high
estimation by all his brethren. He devised his estate to his
nephew, Henry Finche, of Mawdesley, but that gentleman dying
before the testator, Mr. Haydock annexed a codicil to his will
dated October 20th, 1762, by which Mr. Finche's son and heir,
James, became the residuary legatee, and the devisee of all his
books and manuscripts.
" Amidst this wreck, where thou hast made a shrine
And temple more divinely desolate.
Among thy mightier offerings here are mine.
Ruins of years — though few, yet full of fate.''

THE 11 A YDOCK PAPERS. 5 i

^lijc ®agg

•* Oh, fair old house — how time doth honour thee,
Giving thee what to-day may never gain.
Of long respect and ancient poesy ;
The yew-trees at thy door are black with years.
And filled with memories ot bygone days." L. E. Landon.
ON the western side of the road diverging from Preston round
by Tulketh Hall, the ancient residence of the Saxon family
of Travers in close proximity to the spot where the Cistercian
monks from Savigny rested during their erection of Furness
Abbey, and continuing over Cadley Moor through Ingol and
Cottam to Woodplumpton, stood the entrance gates to the shady
avenue leading to Cottam Hall. Facing the north-east, in the
angle formed by the road and the avenue, was a venerable time-
worn building of quaint appearance, surrounded by a large
garden stretching in the direction of the hall. This was The
Tagg, the ancient dower-house of the Haydocks, the birthplace
and residence of George Leo Haydock, the biblical annotator,
who endearingly called it " Golden Tagg."
The grounds around the house were planned in the Dutch
Style by "old trusty Beaumont," gardener to James II. , by whom
it is said the gardens at Hampton Court were laid out It was
probably done for the step-mother of the last Squire Haydock
about the time that Beaumont was engaged by Colonel James
Graham and Sir Nicholas Sherburn to lay out their grounds at
Levens HaU and Stonyhurst. In the corner abutting upon the

52 THE UA YDOCK PAPERS
hall gates was an ancient yew cut into the form of a summer-
house, with a small pond in front of it, and another of consider
able size stretching parallel with the avenue. All around were
yew and other trees dipt into the fantastic forms of bygone
times. After the death of the outlawed squire, his cousin George, who
resided at Leach Hall, Bartle Quarter, in Woodplumpton, an
ancient erection with a tower and flat leaded roof, now replaced
by the modern house called Bartle Hall, took no steps to secure
the rights of his children to the lordship of Cottam. Indeed, as
we have seen, he conveyed his interest in the manor for a small
consideration to the Faringtons in 1730, probably being dis
heartened by the encumbrances on the estate, its complication
by the last squire's outlawry, and the tenant-for-life interests of
the three priests, Gilbert, Cuthbert, and Hugh."
George Haydock had a large family: Robert, of Leach Hall,
born in 1692; WiUiam, of the Tagg; Cuthbert, born in 1696, who
died in the following year ; Gilbert, born in 1699, godson to the
last .squire; and Jennet, wife of George Greene of Woodplumpton,
the representative of the ancient family of Greene of Bowers
House, Nateby. j
The eldest son, Robert, succeeded his father at Leach >Hall,
and, by his wife Elizabeth Eccles (a cousin of his brother
William's wife), had a son Robert, born in 1724, also of Leach
Hall, who married Alice, daughter of Robert Smith, of Larbreck,
descended from the Smiths of Forton. The younger Robert's sop
and namesake, Robert Haydock, born in 1749, espoused his cousin
Mary, daughter and eventual heiress of Ralph Fidler, of Lea, by
Jennet, daughter of Robert Haydock, of Leach Hall. She was
some four years older than her husband, who died Oct ist, 1826,
aged 76, and she used to relate with pride to her children, how,
when Prince Charlie passed through Sidgreaves Lane, Lea, she
was lifted up by her father to see the Scots pass, some of whom
were supplied by her family with food.

THE HAYDOCK PAPERS. 53
" How proud were we of our young prince,
And of his native sway !
But all our hopes are past and gone
Upon Culloden day."

Jacobite Song.

Cottam Cfjapcl,

" Old traditions linger here,
Time-worn relics too are near ;
Now and then — grave ramblers gaze,
Pondering scenes of other days, —
Scenes of fitting peaceiul life.
Scenes with persecution rife."
Edward Wilcock, Occasional Verses.
After the retreat of Prince Charles Edward to Scotland, an
infuriated mob marched out of Preston, plundered the houses of
Catholics on their way, and destroyed the chapel at Cottam.
During the long period of persecution, the Catholics of the
district had worshipped in the domestic chapel at Cottam Hall,
but some fifteen years before the death of the last Squire
Haydock, when the hall passed into Protestant hands, the Rev.
John Kendal, whose tnie name was Baine, rented a barn, with
four acres of land in Cottam, from William Bilsborrow of Wood
plumpton, yeoman, and fitted it up as a dwelling-house and
chapel. This property had been demised and granted by
William Haydock, Esq., about the year 1685^ to John Bils
borrow, father of William Bilsborrow, for ninety-nine years, de
terminable on three lives at a nominal rental of seven shillings
and eightpence. This can hardly be the site of the present
chapel, which, though always known by the name of Cottam
Chapel, is really in Woodplumpton. Adjoining this land,
William Bilsborrow owned a freehold cottage and six acres of
land in Woodplumpton. It is probable that after his death,
when the lease of the Cottam property expired, the Wood
plumpton land passed to Mr. Kendal, or his relative and name-

54

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

sake John Kendal of Fulwood ; for a document preserved at the
rectory says that after he purchased and repaired his property
in Woodplumpton, he left it in trust for procuring Mass twice
per month for the Catholics of the neighbourhood. Either Mr.
Kendal or his relative, the Rev. Henry Kendal, who succeeded
him in the mission, erected a new chapel situated about a mile
to the north-east of Cottam Hall, a little nearer to the road than
the present one.

C

y ¦«
*N
/^ \
^
i
^jJLjk
,
fe
f-'-"" 'M.
W'^'^f*^
F^'jcf
^^B
^^^
COTTAM CHAPEL.
On Nov. 3rd, 1734, John Harrison, a native of Cottam, born
Oct 2 1st, 1714, took the college oath at Douay, and soon after
his ordination, came on the mission and was appointed to Cottam.
In 1745 his house and chapel were attacked by a mob from
Preston, and though " he resisted with intrepidity," both were
burnt down by the " no-popery " ruffians, and for two years
afterwards no Mass was said at Cottam. Mr. Harrison removed
THE HA YDOCK PA FERS. 5 5
to Towneley, and served that mission for thirty years, until he
was no longer able. When his infirmities incapacitated him
from labour, he retired to the house of his brother Laurence in
Pre-ston, and died in Friargate, about Jan. l6th, 1780. Another
priest at Cottam was the Rev. John Cowban, also a native of the
Fylde and an alumnus of Douay College. He afterwards went
to Crathorne, in Cleveland, where he died, Oct 6th, 1777, having
laboured over 40 years on the English mission. Probably he
was Mr. Harrison's predecessor at Cottam. From the Bilsborrow
Charity, issuing out of lands and tenements in Ashton-super-
Ribble, devised by John Bilsborrow, son of the before-mentioned
William Bilsborrow, of which the Haydocks of Leach Hall were
the trustees, it would seem that a Mr. Smith was priest at Cottam
in 1763 and 1765 — perhaps the Rev. John Harrison's successor,
and the restorer of the chapel and house. During the great
election riot at Preston in 1768, the chapel was again nearly de
stroyed, with the priest's house, by a mob from the town, after
which the mission seems to have been discontinued for a short
time. Eventually Robert Haydock, of Leach HaU, with two
other members of the congregation, succeeded in repairing the
premises, and the bishop was persuaded to send another priest to
Cottam. The Rev. John Lund came in 1769. He erected the
present chapel in 1793, and was buried within it in 1812. He
was succeeded by the Rev. Thomas Caton, a relative of Mrs.
Haydock of the Tagg, who came on July 24th, 1812, died Aug.
14th, 1826, and was likewise buried within the chapel. Then
came the Rev. Thomas Berry, a fellow-collegian of the Rev.
George Leo Haydock and his brother Thomas, who, less fortun
ate than they, suffered imprisonment after Douay was seized by
the revolutionists, and only secured his liberation with the rest of
the collegians, Feb. 25th, 1795. Mr. Berry arrived at Cottam,
Oct 25th, 1826, and during his residence erected the priest's
house adjoining the chapel. He left in 1845, and was succeeded
by the Rev. John Dixon, who remained until April, 1852, when

56

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

he retired on account of ill-health. The Rev. George J. A.
Corless, D.D., then came from Thropton, and was the first mission
ary-rector of Cottam. To him, for his exertions in improving the
chapel, adding a new sanctuary and sacristy, &c., the mission
owes a debt of gratitude. He laid out the little burial-ground,
and in the centre erected a handsome cemetery cross for his own
resting-place, inscribed to his memorj'^, with blanks for the inser
tion of the date of his demise. He died Nov. ist, 1865, and there
he was laid. The late Rev. Roger Ta}lor was then appointed to
the mission, but his health breaking down, he resigned in 1867,
and the Rev. Henry J. Thrower, who had supplied his place for
twelve months, was installed in the mission by the late Bishop
Goss. He has just been succeeded by the Rev. Francis Gillow.
i&ctosJjam.
" Affliction's sting may wound thee here.
And proud ascendants lavish gall :
But faith's keen eye beyond the bier
Looks out and sees an end of all."
Flowers from tJu Holy Fathers.
Facing the entrance to the pretty little chapel at Newshouse,
Newsham, were two table-m.onuments, which have recently been
desecrated by having their supports removed, in order to increase
the width of the pathway, and to allow people to walk over and
deface the inscriptions. The one covered the remains of the
Haydocks of Leach Hall, and the other those of the Haydocks
of the Tagg. The former bears the inscription—
" Sacred to the memory of ^^Iarv Haydock,
wife of Robert Haydock, of Bartell,
v.'ho died the isth August, 1809, aged 69.
Also of the above Robert Haydock,
who departed this life, the ist day of Oct, 1826,
aged -jQ years.''

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 57
Their daughter and co-heiress, Jane Haydock, the last of the
family, became the wife of William Smith, of Clock House, Lea
and Forton, gent She died Nov. 21st, 1865, aged 81, and was
laid in the quiet little burial-ground attached to the chapel at
Cottam, which succeeded the one in the home of her ancestors.
" Let the old ancestral names
Which were bound to thee and thine,
Kneel before the rising sun —
Worship at a newer shrine." L. E. Landon.
The history of Newhouse chapel is of considerable interest,
for in it were united the missions at Bank Hall, Broughton,
Midge Hall, Myrescough, Crow Hall, and The Hough, Newsham.
It may be traced as follows: —

Banft f^all.
" They tore the banners that graced the hall ;
They plundered the chapel of pyx and pall." J. R. Planch^.
Broughton Tower, abutting on Sharoe Green, in Broughton,
^vas for centuries the seat of the knightly family of Singleton,
which removed there from Singleton. It was a most devout
family and At different times founded chauntries at Broughton,
Goosnargh, and Fernyhalgh. On Jan. 8th, 1348-9, a license
was granted by Archbishop Zouche to Thomas, son of Gilbert
de Singleton, to have divine service by a fit chaplain within his
manors of Brughton, Fernyhalgh, and Farmunholes for three
years, without injury to the parish church of Preston in Amoun-
derness.

58 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
But the lust of Henry VIII. changed aU this. No longer was
the saunce bell heard, and in the reign of his son Edward VI., the
so-called Reformers swept off the bells and other fittings which
still remained in the chantries. Though dismantled, Ladywell,
in Fernyhalgh, was never deserted by the Catholics of the
neighbourhood, and was even a place of pilgrimage for those at a
distance. The site fell into Catholic hands, and a new chapel was
erected : — • " And aye the mass priest sings his song.
And patters many a prayer —
And the Chantry Bell tolls loud and long.
And aye the lamp burns there."
In the reign of James IL, Mr. Hugh Charnley, of Durton, by
indenture dated March i6th, 1685, gave to George Leyburne, of
Nateby Hall, Nicholas Wadsworth, of Haighton Hall, Cuthbert
Hesketh, of White Hill, and Robert Shepherd, of Broughton,
gentlemen, the site of the ancient well in trust for the mission at
Ladywell, and —
" Long beside the well there stood,
Now torn away, the sacred rood." Edw. Wilcock.
Though a new chapel was erected by the Rev. Anthony Lund,
in 1793, at some little distance from the well, the original build
ing, in a modernised form, still belongs to the mission, and the
ancient chalice which the Irish chieftain presented as a memorial
of his pilgrimage to Ladywell is still in use. It bears on its
foot the inscription : — " Dosus Maguir Rex Fermanne me fi[ere] :
fe[cit] : MCCCCCXXix.'' It \/as his .son, Fergus MacGuire, who
with well-affected simplicity returned the following spirited
message to Sir William Fitz William, the successor of Sir Henry
Sidney in the government of Ireland in 1571, in reply to the

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 59
intimation that a sheriff was to be sent into his district : — " Your
sheriff shall be welcome, but let me know his price, that if my
people should cut off his head, I may levy it upon the country."
It is indeed a pity that the old site, so lovely in its situation,
and so hallowed b\- tradition, should not have been retained for
the new chapel : —
" Stranger ! Is there not a spell
St.ays thy steps at Ladywell ?
Changed the lowly fane of yore.
Gone the wondrous tree which bore
Wilding fruit without a core.
But the fountain faileth not
Nor unloved the quiet spot.''
Edw. Wilcock, Occasional Verses.
Many were the sufferings the Singletons endured for their
recusancy, and many the learned priests they gave to the
Church. In a return to the council about 1585 ("P.R.O. Dom,
Eliz. VoL clxxxA-. No. 85 ") is noted : — " Mr. Singel tonne, A Jesuit
att Mr. Singeletonne of the Tower, 3 miles ffrom Prestonne, or
els in the filde." On the large map of Lancashire, supplied to
the same authority for the purpose of coercing the people to join
the new religion ("Dom. Eliz. Vol. ccxxxv. No. 5. 1590"), appears
the name of John Singleton de Singleton Tower, as also that of
John Singleton de Schales (in Lonsdale hundred). When James
I. invented that iniquitous system of appeasing the appetites of
his parasites by granting them the benefit of the recusancy of
Catholics, Edward Singleton, of Broughton Tower, was awarded
to Charles Chambers as his prey, Mar. 21st, 1608 ("Dom. Eliz. Vol.
xxxi.. 82"). Dr. Challoner tells us how the Rev. Edward Bamber
the martyr, during the days of the fanatical Cromwellians, made
his escape from his keepers whilst lodging at a place beyond
Preston on his journey to Lancaster gaol. Finding that his
conductors were drunk, he found means in the dead of the night

6o TIIE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
to lower himself out of a window in his shirt, for his clothes had
been removed for safety's sake. In this state he was found by
the master of Broughton Tower, who had been admonished that
night in a dream that he should find him in a certain field. Fully
possessed of the truth of the vision, he got up and found Mr.
Bamber in the very spot He conducted him to his house where
he took every care of him.
About 1625, Thomas Singleton, the representative of the branch
of the family seated at Bank Hall, sold that estate and went to
reside at Scale IJall. The estate about this time appears to
have been divided, for, in 1632, Hugo Crooke was living there
and in that year paid his fines for recusancy, and in 1641, Rich
ard Woodcock, of Walton-le-dale, was found in his inquisition
post mortum to be possessed of some portion of the estate. Event
ually a moiety of Bank Hall and estate was settled by the Rev.
George Crooke, who served the mission there, in tail male upon
his nephew John Crooke and his issue by Martha Preston, at the
time of their marriage about 1695. The other moiety, seems to
have been given to the Church Tor the use of the mission. George
Crooke died Mar. 2, 1709, and was succeeded in the mission by
the Rev. Edward Kitchen, alias Smith, a Douay priest
When the persecution was renewed with such vigour after the
unsuccessful Stuart rising in 1715, Samuel Peploe, vicar of
Preston, forwarded to the commissioners for Forfeited Estates,
in 1716, the following "account of estates granted to supersti
tious uses in and about Preston co. Lancaster" (" P.R.O. Forfeited
Estates, P. 134"). "Bank HaU in the chapelry of Broughton
and parish of Preston. This estate is divided into two parts.
One part was one Mr. George Crookc's freehold estate, who was
a Romish priest, died about four or five years ago. He upon
the marriage of his kinsman, John Crooke, with Martha Preston.
settled that estate upon him the said John and his male issue by that
marriage, about 18 or 20 years ago. Afterwards, at his death, he
confirmed that settlement by his will, charging the estate with the

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 6l
payment of ;^200 to Mr. Layburne, of Nateby, now a rebel, which
was only in trust to him for Romish priests. This, the wife of
the said John Crooke has told me several times, and I know
other people to whom I believe she has told the same. Mr.
Thornton, of Preston, has or had a copy of George Crooke's
will. John Crooke told Thomas Woods, of Broughton, that his
estate was charged .£'200 to Mr. Layburne. Richard Withnell,
hte schoolmaster of Broughton, is a proper person to be e.K-
amined. The other part of Bank Hall estate is Mr. Thomas (or
his son John) Clayton, of Preston; this has been in lease many
years. Mr. Smith, a Romish priest (whose true name is Edward
Kitchen), lives in that part of the house at Bank Hall which
belongs to this side of the estate, and has occupied and let the
ground from time to time ; his life is in the lease as I am told.
Thomas Moor, of Sandyford, in Woodplumpton, holds now about
£^ or £6 per annum, which he took of Mr. Smith alias Kitchen
in the name of William Shepherd. He has always paid his
rent to Smith, only he paid it this summer to Dorothy Walton
his housekeeper. William Gregson, of Broughton has likewise
ground of Mr. Smith. The said Smith has also for many years
paid me Easter dues and small tythes for these lands he has had
in possession. I am told that Mr. John Clayton 1 has entered
on this tenement some days ago, pretending that he has bought
Smith out of it Clayton told the above mentioned Gregson so.
Nicholas Moor, son of the said Thomas Moor, and Thomas
Tounson, of Barton, have taken grounds of Mr. Smith, and paid
him their rents."
WUliam Shepherd, of Fernyhalgh in Broughton, gent, then
residing at Croxteth, where his wife, Mary Blundell, probably
had property, was one of the trustees for the secular missions of
Fernyhalgh, Crow Hall, and Bank Hall. The Claytons were
trustees for the clergy's moiety of Bank Hall estate. John
Crook's eldest son and heir, George Crook, succeeded to the
estate. His marriage settlement with Janet, daughter and co-

62 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
heiress of Richard Blackburne, of Stockenbridge, gent, is dated
Sep. 15, 1732. Their .son John was succeeded by his namesake
who was the father of John Crook, Esq., M.D., and his trustee
Joseph BusheU, of Myrescough, Esq., sold the estate of Bank
Hall, in the first half of this century, to John Wilson, of Preston,
attorney-at-law, whose son now possesses it. The Wilsons
erected a new house, some little distance from the old hall, and,
in making alterations in the latter, discovered a secret chamber
adjoining the room formerly used as a chapel, in which was a
tabernacle, chalice, and other church furniture. These they
handed over to Dr. Crook, who resided in Broughton until his
death, Oct 31, 1869, aged 65. The chapel would only be used
by itinerant missioners after the establishment of a permanent
mission at Newhouse.

^ilrgc mil
" Long its inmates have departed.
Shelterless is now that bound,
Where of yore the broken-hearted
Hohest consolation found."
The Lonnde or Lund family were seated in Midghalgh,
Mydysall, or Midgall, a hamlet in Myrescough, from time im
memorial. Anthon}' Lundde died here in Oct, 1605. The resi
dence of the family known as Midge Hall was a purchase of
James Lund towards the end of the seventeenth century-. His
son and heir, Anthony, is frequently referred to in the Tyldesley
Diary. There was a chapel in the house, which seems to have
been pretty regularly served, though probably by itinerant mis
sioners as there is no record of a resident priest
On Sunday, July 25, 1714, Squire Tyldesley notes— " Went
with Mrs. and lasses to Antony Lund's. Mr. Roger Brookhall

THE HA YDOCK PA PERS. 6^:,
dind with us. Went to Natby, Dick Gornall with mee. Saw
COS. Gerard and his wife there." The Rev. Roger Brockholes,
younger son of John Brockholes, of Claughton Hall, Esq., waS
then residing with his father, and, besides assisting the Rev.
Richard Taylor in the mi.ssion there, to which he succeeded,
frequently attended the chapels at Midge Hall and The Hough.
On Sunday, Sep. 5, in the .same year, the diarist records, " Wee
went to Antony Lund's off Midghall ; Mr. Vavisor there. After
dinr COS. Hesketh and his wiffe, and son Threlfall and his wiffe
came to see us, and suped with us." Sir Walter Vavasour, of
Haslewood, Bart., was a Jesuit serving the mission in this district
At this period he resided in Alston, perhaps with Richard Bils
borrow, who was outlawed for taking part with the Chevalier de
St George in 171 5, though it is pretty certain that Fr. Vavasour
frequently said mass in the domestic chapel at Hothersall
Hall, the seat of Thomas Hothersall, Esq., a cousin of the Hay
docks. The latter's son, John Hothersall, was also " out " in
171 5, for which he was outlawed, but made his escape and was
never apprehended, passing the remainder of his days in privacy
with his sister, Mrs. William Leckonby, of Leckonby House
Great Eccleston, to whom the estate of' Hothersall passed. In
the Record Office is an information to the Commissioners for
Forfeited Estates by John Harrison, of Balderston, dated Nov.
24, 1 7 16, relating to Father Vavasour's being at Preston at
the time of the Stuart rising : — " John Harrison did on Fri
day, II Nov., 17 1 5, at Preston, see Mr. "V'avasor (brother of Sir
Walter Vavasour) who is said to be a Jesuite, appear there openly
in the streets and particularly did see him go into the White
Bull Inne, in Church Gate Street, in company in the several
persons who had all or most of them cockades in their hatts —
that the said Mr. Vavasor had then a sword by his side, &c." On
the previous Oct 17, George Green, the high constable of the
hundred of Amounderness, advised the commissioners that " Mr
Vavisor, who is a reputed priest, harboured in our town [Alston

64 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
cum-Hothersall]. Richard Bilsborrow is outlawed but his estate
was formerly mortgaged. John Hothersall (son to Thomas
Hothersall, Esq.) was in this late Rebellion and made his escape
and never since apprehended " — (P.R.O., Forfeited Estates, B. 62
and L. 4). Sir Walter afterwards succeeded Fr. James Thomson,
S.J., to the mission at Preston.
Anthony Lund died at Midge Hall in 1727, and was succeeded
by his son John, who was the father of the Rev. Anthony Lund,
of Ladywell, Fernyhalgh, and the Rev. John Lund, of Cottam.
The estate was sold by the Rev. Anthony Lund, who died at
Fernyhalgh, Sep. 20, 181 1. During his lifetime this remarkable
old priest gave the sum of ;^4,55o to establish ecclesiastical edu
cation funds at Ushaw College, and also left the college several
estates. Around one of these a curious tradition has gathered.
As the estate formerly belonged to the Hoghtons, and as the
history is an example of the way in which traditions are some
times manufactured, it may not be out of place to introduce the
story here.

Wc^z ©un Coto Wa,
" By Saynt Peter and by Saynt Paul,
If ould Meg has stown Dunholme's cow.
Turn round riddle, shears and all."
On the moors around Whittingham, it is stated, there once
lived an old dun cow of enormous size. Though recognising no
owner, it gave milk to all comers, and that in no stinted quantity.
At last an old witch said she would take a pail which the dun
cow could not fill. She produced a riddle, and, after a vain
attempt to fill it, the beast died of vexation. Intense was the
grief of the country-folk at the loss of the cow, and to preserve

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 6 •;
its memory Adam Hoghton hung one of its ribs over his door,
where it remains to this day.
The historj' of Dun Cow Rib farm is as follows. The house
was erected by Adam Hoghton, fourth son of Thomas Hoghton,
of Hoghton Tower, who was slain at Lea. The second son
William, founded the staunch Catholic family of Hoghton of
Grimsargh Hall, whose descendants continued to reside there
for four more generations, being allied with some of the best
Catholic familes in Lancashire. Eventually, Grimsargh reverted
to the elder branch at Hoghton Tower, which in the meantime
had been robbed of its faith. Col. Fishwick, in his history of
Goosnargh, states that two similar bones to the one at Dun Cow
Rib were found within recent years at Grimsargh HaU.
Dun Cow Rib, situated in Half-penny Lane, Whittingham,
near Longridge, is substantially built of stone, and is an interest
ing specimen of the architecture of a small country house of the
early part of the 17th century. In the gable of the upper stGrey
is one of those curious overhanging closets ; and a thick oaken
bar draws out of the wall from one jamb to the other to fasten
the front-door. Over the door is chained the " rib," and within
the semi-circle thus formed, are the arms of the Hoghtons, with
the initials and date " 1616 — A.H." From the Hoghtons the
property passed to another Catholic family, the Whittinghams
of Whittingham Hall, and by them it was leased in 1677, 1680,
1692, and 1702, to a Catholic yeoman of the name of Robert
Sturzaker, who was frequently fined for his recusancy. In these
leases Dun Cow Rib is called Moor House. Robert Sturzaker's
son and heir, William, resided here, and in 1703 purchased the
freehold from John Barton, of Whittingham, yeoman, who had
bought it from the Whittinghams. In 1717, in compliance with
the Act of I Geo. I., William Sturzaker registered his estate as a
Catholic non-juror, and returned Moor House and 4 acres free
hold besides leasehold estate. He was convicted of recusancy
with his father at the Lancaster sessions, Jan. 15, 1717. He ad-

66 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
ministered to his father's estate in 1731, and entailed his freehold
and leasehold property on his nephew James Taylor, mercer and
grocer, then living at Croston, who, in 1734, sold Moor House to
John Fishwick, of Bulsnape, in Goosnargh, afterwards of Liver
pool, gent. Some time later Moor House became the property
of John Lund, of Midge Hall, who conveyed it to his son and
heir, the Rev. Anthony Lund, May 12, 1772.
The Rev. Anthony Lund was the priest at Ladywell, Ferny
halgh, with which is associated a legend similar in some degree
to that connected with the building of Durham Cathedral.
The old priest's heart was in the establishment of St Cuthbert's
College, near Durham, and, in 1808, the year in which the new
college was erected, he settled upon it the estate, which he pro
bably called Dun Cow Rib, to remain as a reminder of the legend
attached to St Cuthbert's Cathedral.
We are told by Raine, in his history of St Cuthbert, that it
had been announced by the Saint that it was his determination
to repose in Dunholme, but no one of his followers had ever
heard of the place. In this state of suspense, a female was heard
inquiring of a home-wending milk-maid if she could direct her
to her cow, which had strayed from its accustomed haunts.
" Down in Dunholme," was the reply, and the overjoyed monks,
hearing the name, soon found the place. This is the tale which
is told as explanatory of the sculpture of the two women and the
cow affixed to a turret at the north-west end of the eastern tran
sept of Durham Cathedral. But, in all probability, the stone is
rather emblematical of the riches of the Church than commemo
rative of any real occurrence.
" And, after many wanderings past,
He chose his lordly seat at last,
Where his cathedral, huge and vast.
Looks dovra upon the Wear.'' Marmton, IT., 14.

THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS. 67

Croto 3^all.
Far in a wilderness obscure,
The lonely mansion lay,
A refuge to the neighb'ring poor.
And strangers led astray."

Goldsmith's Hermit.

Crow Hall, in Newsham, was another place in which the
Catholics, in times of persecution, met to hear mass. In the last
century, it belonged to tlie Dickinsons, but how long it had been
their residence does not appear. John, the son and heir, of
Bartholomew Dickinson, of Crow Hall, and his wife, Anne, died
here September 29, 1823, aged 59. His wife, Anne, a member
of the old Catholic family of Corbishley of Thurnham, pre
deceased him on July 10, 18 14, aged 49. Their son, Thomas
Dickinson, succeeded to Crow Hall, and other estates in Haigh
ton, Whittingham, Goosnargh, and Broughton, which the family
had held since the i6th century. He married, August 14, 1815,
Isabel, daughter of John Gillow, of Salwick Hall and Elswick
Grange, and had two sons, John and Henry, and a daughter,
Anne, wife of Rowland Savage, of the Rock Savage family, all of
whom died sine prole. The husband of Thomas' sister, Margaret,
after her death — their only child becoming a nun — was ordained
priest at Ushaw CoUege, and is now one of our most eminent
and widely known doctors of divinity. On Sunday, August 17,
17 12, Squire Tyldesley records : "Gave ye servants at Banister
Hall 3s. ; left it about 7, and at Jump-lane-ends meet Mr. Gibson,
recorder, Harson, and Mr. Benison ; they from Preston ; parted
with them att Broughton ; I prayed at Crow Hall ; stayed an
hour at Lodge, and 2 att Natby ; spent 6d. at Highgate ; soe
home." On a similar occasion, the diarist says, October 26,
1 7 1 2 : " Went with Mrs. to Bowers to prayers, but Sherdy did not
pray for our master ; " and to mark his disapprobation of the
priest's not offering up public prayers for " King James III.," the

68 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
diarist places a cross after " Sherdy " in the margin. Two days
later, October 28, he writes: "Went eariy in the morning to
prayers at Hen. Madsley's ; honest Mr. Gant being loyall." Henr>'
Mawdesley lived at Myrescough. The Rev. James Gant, a mem
ber of an old Singleton family, descended from one of the
retainers of John of Gaunt, lord of Singleton, is met with as
saying Mass at The Dimples, the seat of the Plesingtons, in 17 14,
and in 1 727 was stationed at Mowbreck Hall. He also served Sal
wick Hall. Again, on Sunday, December 27, 17 13, the Jacobite
squire enters in his diary that he went to Crow Hall, where he had
reason to chide Mr. John Swarbrick for disloyalty. In 17 16, the
Vicar of Preston, the Rev. Sam. Ppploe, B.D., who was afterwards
rewarded for his activity against the Catholics with the See of
Chester, reported to the Commissioners for forfeited estates that
Crow Hall, Newsham, in the chapelry of Goosnargh, was given to
"superstitious uses." One Edmund Fishwick left a sum of
money to lease it, and ever since his death, which was then ten
or eleven years ago, a priest had lived upon it, one Richardson,
and then Mr. Swarbrick. The estate went in William Shepherd's
name, and the lease was supposed to be in his name in trust for
the priests. Jane Corwen, of Barton, Richard Clarkson, of Cat-
forth Hall, steward to Sir Nicholas Sherborne, and Jennet Hig-
gison, wife of Roger Higgison, of Barton, who lived by Crow
H^all, might be proper persons to examine upon that account
The Vicar further states that James Walton, a debt prisoner in
Lancaster, lived on the estate seven or eight years, and that he,
about two years before, being privy to the interests of the priests
in the estate, compelled William Shepherd, the trustee, and a
priest to compound with him for some benefit from it, other
wise he threatened to inform Mr. Read ; and that North, gaoler
of Lancaster, knew this. — (P.R.O., Forfeited Estates, P.iZA-)

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 6c,

m^t l^oug!).
" Thy little kirk, both neat and white.
Attracts the %vandering — busy sight."
Thomas Billington — Tlte Bridale.
" Francis Kirk, gent, a reputed priest, of Newsham," appears
in the list of Popish recusants convicted at the Lancaster Ses
sions, January 15, 1716. (Forfeited Estates, P. 62.) He was a
secular priest, and resided at the Hough, in Newsham. Tyldes
ley alludes to him in his diary, Saturday, September 19, 171 3 :
" In the toun [Lancaster] al day ; about 6, old ilr. BrcokhoUs
and Mr. Kirke came to see me, and Mr. BrookhoUs stay*^ 3 hou"."
On Sunday, September 12, I7i4,hesays: " After dim, went with
Mrs. to Esq" BrookhoUes Over tuke Mr. Kirke." In the
Forfeited Estates Papers, P. 62, we read that William Wall, of
Preston, informs William Moore that one Mr. Kirk, of The
Hough, in the p""" of Goosnargh, is a priest This William Moore,
a Preston attorney, begs that his name may not be made use of,
and expresses a hope that the Commissioners will indulge him
in this. Peploe informs the Commissioners in 1716 (134 P.) that
" a house and grounds, called The Hough, in Newsham, is a
tenement under one Mr. Hesketh. John Reynolds, and one Mr.
Kirk, a priest, live upon it John Hesketh, of Newsham, and
John Hankinson, of the same, may be able to give some account
of it" The estate belonged to the Heskeths of Maynes Hall,
Little Singleton. John Hesketh, of Newsham, was a younger
son of William Hesketh, of Ma)mes Hall, Esq., by Perpetua,
daughter of Thomas Westby, of Mowbreck Hall, Esq. His
nephew, WiUiam Hesketh, married Mary, daughter of John
Brockholes, of Claughton Hall, Esq., and their sons, Thomas,
Joseph, and James Hesketh, succeeded their uncle, William
Brockholes, to the Claughton estates, and assumed the additional
name of Brockholes. When Shepherd was examined by the

JO THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
Commissioners, he filed an information, in November of the same
year, professing his discovery of his being a trustee for some
estates in Newsham and Woodplumpton, called Crow Hall, near
Broughton, four miles from Preston, granted to superstltous-
uses, the rents of which were paid to Mr. Richardson, a priest
{P.R.O., Forfeited Estates, P. 62) The Rev. Thomas Richardson
a Douay priest, was a member of an ancient Catholic family
which held considerable property in Myrescough for centuries,
He was succeeded by the Rev. John Swarbreck, a priest ordained
at the English College at Rome, who attended Crow Hall and
Midge Hall tUl his death in 173 1. In his will, he left instruc
tions to his executors, the Rev. Henry Kendal, of Cottam, the
Rev. Edward Melling, of Ladywell, Fernyhalgh, and the Rev.
James Gant, of Salwick and Mowbreck Halls, to spend his effects
in supporting a priest, if those deriving advantage from his ser
vices would erect a chapel at Midge Hall. He left ;^368 towards
the project, and, at the cud of his will, says : " Blessed be those
that forward these, my pious designs, and let those who offer to
alter any part of them answer for it at the tribunal of Almighty
God." His designs, however, were deviated from, and it was
decided to erect a chapel, not at Midge Hall, but at Newhouse
in Newsham, to which John Lund, of Midge Hall, was one of the
principal contributors. The chapels attached to Crow Hall and
Midge Hall were entered from the yard, "up-steps" as it was
customary to build Catholic chapels in those troublesome times.
At the former. Mass was occasionally said so late as the beginning
of this century.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 7 1

i^rtjoftouse Cfjapel.
" 'Twas the chapel were many a heavenly thought
And many a contrite sigh
Sweet peace to the youthful heart had brought.
And joy that is bom on high." F. C. Husenbeth.
JOHN REYNOLDS, Reynold, or Wrennall, as the name was
variously spelt, was the tenant of The Hough, Newsham,
in which was the chapel. His descendant, WiUiam Wrennall, of
Penwortham, married Ellen, daughter of Henry Finch, of
Mawdesley, whose father, Thomas Finch, gent., married a sister
and co-heiress of WUliam Haydock, of Cottam, Esq. WiUiam
Wrennall's son, Thomas Wrennall, of Newsham, married Eliza
beth, daughter and co-heiress of James Newsham, of Bell Fold,
in Newsham, who was half-brother to the Right Rev. Monsignor
Charles Newsham, D.D., President of Ushaw College. The issue
of this marriage was the Right Rev. Monsignor William Wrennall,
D.D., late president of Ushaw College, now rector of the new
church erected at the corner of Bloody-lane Ends, in Wesham
leadingto Mowbreck HaU ; the Very Rev. Henry Canon Wrennall,
of Stella ; the Very Rev. Thomas Canon Wrennall, rector of St.
Bede's College ; and the late Rev. Joseph Wrennall, formerly
prefect of studies at Ushaw College. The martyr Roger
Wrennall, layman, who was executed at Lancaster, March i8th
1 616, was no doubt an ancestor of this good family.
How long Mr. Kirk, a relative of the Kirks of Goosnargh,
continued to officiate at The Hough does not appear, but after

72

THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS.

Mr. Swarbreck's death, the mission was attended by the Rev.
Roger Brockholes, who was serving Newhouse conjointly with
Claughton in 1740. About this time a new chapel was erected
on land purchased from the Hesketh or Brockholes family at
Newhouse, which may be identical with The Hough estate. The
chapel was small and ill-made, and it was dedicated to St
Lawrence. The Rev. John Carter, from the English College of
Lisbon, was the first priest regularly stationed here. When
Prince Charles Edward passed by in 1745, on his march to

' KEWHOUSE OBAPEL.

Preston, Mr. Carter obtained an assurance from him, that his
troops should not molest either his person or the mission pro
perty. In 1768, during the anti-Jacobite and No-Popery fer
mentation at Preston, Newhouse chapel narrowly escaped de
struction. An infatuated mob, after destroying St Mary's

THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS. 73
chapel, in P"riargate, Preston, and burning that at Cottam, moved
in the direction of Newhouse for the purpose of demolishing the
chapel there. But a neighbouring Protestant, named Hankin
son, a descendant of the family of the man who betrayed
George Haydock, the martyr, met the mob near Hollowforth
Mill, and persuaded them not to touch the chapel. He entreated
them not to molest Mr. Carter, whom he highly praised. He
then provided them with food and drink, which appeased them,
and thus they marched back to Preston. Mr. Carter died
Oct 1 8th, 1789, but long before his death, about 1762, his
nephew, James Carter, came to assist him in the mission. He
was the son of Richard Carter and his wife Elizabeth Mawdesley,
who was probably a daughter or grand-daughter of old Henry
Mawdesley of Myrescough, at whose house mass was occasionally
said in the early part of the century. Mr. Carter, in accordance
with the general custom of priests, assumed his mother's maiden
name, by which he was always known. He remained at New-
house for fifty-two years, and there died Feb. 4th, 18 14, aged
78, a marble tablet within the chapel recording his memory.
Towards the close of his life, he was assisted by his nephew, the
Rev. Henry Carter, younger son of Robert Carter, and his wife
Jane Cope, or Cooper. Henry Carter was educated at the
colleges of St Omer and Douay, and came to Newhouse in 1 805.
Through his exertions the present chapel was erected in 1806,
near the old site, and with a view to prevent any ill-feeling
or difficulty with the Protestants, whose chapel at Barton, about
a mUe distant, was dedicated to St Lawrence, the old patron of
Newhouse was abandoned, and the new edifice dedicated to Our
Lady. In 1818 Mr. Carter retired in ill-health to Preston, where
he died Nov. 24th, 1826, aged 65. The Rev. Joseph Bryan
Marsh succeeded to the mission, retired an invalid to a cottage
in the neighbourhood in 1854, died in 1857, aged 73, and
was buried at the north-east corner of the chapel. It was he
who erected the presbytery, adjoining the chapel, soon after his

74

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

appointment to the mission. He was succeeded in 1854 by the
Rev. Peter Holmes, son of WiUiam Holmes, of Preston and News
ham, and grandson of James Holmes, of Newsham, whose aunt
Margaret Holmes was the first wife of George Haydoqk, of The
Tagg. Mr. Holmes only remained a year, and was followed in
1855 by the Very Rev. Richard Canon GUlow, who had been
vice-rector of the English College at Rome, and twelve years
professor of theology at Ushaw College. He died at Newhouse,
Nov. 3rd, 1867, aged 73, and was buried under a handsome
stone, adjoining that to the memory of Mr. Marsh, erected by

KEWHOireE PREBBTTBaT.

his friend, Thomas Fitzherbert Brockholes, of Claughton, Esq.
Soon after he came to the mission. Canon Gillow erected the
schools, a short distance from the chapel. He was succeeded by
the Rev. W. H. Bradshaw ; then came the Rev. Pierse Power

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 7 S
who cut down the fine old shrubs surrounding the house, and
destroyed its beauty ; next, in May, 1 869, followed the Rev.
Austin Powell, who re-decorated the chapel, and did much to
improve the place; then in Sept, 1872, came the Rev. John
Bilsborrow, a descendant of the donors of the Bilsborrow
charity, of which the priest at Newsham should be a recipient ;
and, lastly, came the present incumbent, the Rev. Thomas
Carroll. After the Rev. Henry Carter had erected the new chapel in
1806, he opened a burial ground, to the great ire of the parson
of Goosnargh, the Rev. Joshua Southward, who demanded the
interment fees, and began to assume a threatening attitude.
" Hold ! I forgot — one said, a parson's dues
Was the same thing with rhyming badge of Jews." John Byrom
At length, on Sept loth, 18 10, he wrote the following letter
to Mr. Carter :
" Reverend Sir, — I hear not from you, nor what you mean
to do, concerning sepultures in a piece of ground near to
your chapeL You must know that you have no right to deposit
bodies there, under a heavy penalty, and that at present, as
minister here, I am cheated of the usual fees. Suppose your
chapel was consecrated according to the Rites and Ceremonies
of the Church of England, corp's (sic) could not then be interred in
the consecrated ground adjoining, to the deprivation of our fees
here. You probably may not be aware, by your improper con
duct, what mischief you are doing to your body, and the
Catholic cause, both here and in Ireland. The State has already
been kind and indulgent to you, and you may still go on to look
for more privileges, but you may depend upon this, that the
higher powers will not remain long unacquainted with the un
due advantage you at present take of the Established Church,
and which must be a great check for anything more to be done
for you. At present I have a correspondence with the Bishop of

76 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
Chester upon this business, and unless I soon to my satisfaction
hear from you, I shall write to your Romish Bishop, Dr. Gibson,
upon the subject— nor shall I cease from exerting my right in
our Ecclesiastical Court
" All I want is, primarily, the fees paid here, and then it is no
thing to me how much you can get afterwards. I am, with all
due deference and respect, etc., SOUTHWARD, minister of Goos
nargh." It was the burial of Mrs. Haydock, of Leach HaU, and of the
Rev. James Haydock, of Lea, which excited the avarice of this
characteristic follower of the loaves and fishes. It is to be hoped
that these two tombstones will be restored to their original con
dition, and allowed to remain a memorial of the breaking down
of intolerance. The inscription on one of these has been already
given ; that on the other may appropriately close the genea
logical descent of the family.

Ki)z last of tfjc ^npozhs.
" Now I am gone and have left you behind,
O, mortal folk, but we be very blind ;
What we least fear full oft it is most nigh.
From you depart I first, for lo 1 now here I lie."
Sir Thos. More.
William Haydock, of The Tagg, the second son of George,
through some unaccountable cause was brought up a Quaker
His wife, Elizabeth, daughter of another Quaker, James Eccles,
of Woodplumpton, was happily a staunch Catholic, for her
mother, Anne, was a member of the good old Catholic
family of Bilsborrow, which so materiaUy helped to estab
lish the mission of Cottam on an independent footing. She
eventually succeeded to a moiety of the estate of her brother,
Richard Eccles, who died without issue in 1762. Through her

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 77
firmness her son George, and her daughter Anne, the wife of
WiUiani Smith, of Elswick, gent, were thoroughly instructed in
the faith and brought up most devout Catholics. The Eccles
family was possessed of considerable landed property in various
townships in the Fylde. The last of the family, Richard Eccles,
offered his nephew, George Haydock, an estate called Crow
Trees, then worth ;£^300 per annum, if he would become a
Quaker, but in vain. George was born in 1721, and was twice
married. His first wife was Margaret Holmes, who died Aug.
2ist, 1758, leaving a son, William, married to his second cousin,
Mary, daughter of Oliver Hatch, of Hatch Mill (son of James
Hatch, of the same, and his wife Mary, sister and co-heiress of
Richard Eccles), by whom he had a daughter, Helen, wife of
Mr. John Chapman. His second wife, whom he married Feb.
2 1st, 1760, was Anne, daughter of William Cottam, of Bilsborrow,
and his wife Mary, daughter of Mr. Gregson, of Balderston, whose
ancestor, the son of Gregory Normanton, of Normanton and
Balderston, was called Greg's son, hence the name of Gregson in
lieu of the ancient patronymic. Her sister, Alice Gregson,
married James Heatley,of Samlesbury,motherof William Heatley,
of Brindle Lodge, Esq., and dying May ist, 18 18, aged 94, was
buried at Fernyhalgh ; another sister became the wife of
Thomas Caton, of the ancient Catholic family seated at Carr
HUl, and was mother to the Rev. Thomas Caton, of Cottam,
whose sister, Maria, was the mother of the Rev. Thomas Lupton,
of Manchester. George Haydock died at The Tagg, Feb. 26th,
1783, aged 59. By his second wife he had six children —
Elizabeth, who resided at The Tagg, and died there Sep. 12th,
1827, aged 66 ; Mary, born in 1763, who died Mar. 4th, 1772,
aged 9 ; James, priest ; Margaret, in religion Sister Stanislaus,
O.S.A. ; Thomas, the eminent Catholic printer and publisher,
born 2 1st Feb., 1772; and George Leo, the biblical annotator.
Mrs. Haydock eventually became heiress to her brothers,
William and James Cottam. of Bilsborrow, who died unmarried

- S THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
in 1804 and 1811, and thus Cuckoo HaU, which anciently be-
longed to the Haydocks, with other property once more returned
to the family. " In memory of the Rev. jAMES HAYDOCK of Lea,
son of George and ANN Haydock, of The Tagg,
who departed this life, the 2Sth Apr., 1809,
aged 45.
Also of the above ANN Haydock,
who departed this life 17th Apr., 1822, aged 92 years.
Also of Elizabeth Haydock,
daughter of the above ANN,
who departed this life on the 12th day of Sept., 1827,
aged 67 years.
Having thus sketched the outline of the last generations of
the Haydocks of Cottam, we will proceed with the " Haydock
Papers."
" Full many an object strange and new
Have we beheld as on we flew.''
C. A. Wheelwrights Comedies 0/ Aristophanes.
The Birds, Act IV. See. I.

©ouag College.
" 'Tis gone, and for ever, the light we saw breaking.
Like Heaven's first dawn o'er the sleep of the dead —
When Man, from the slumber of ages awaking,
Look'd upward, and bless'd the pure ray, ere it fled.
'Tis gone, and the gleams it has left of its burning.
But deepen the long night of bondage and mourning." Thomas Moore.
The period at which these letters commence produced the
most disastrous events that ever agitated the civilised world.
The unhappy Louis XVI. had been seated but six years on the
throne of France, and the people, ground down by one of the

THE HA YDOCK PA PERS ^g
most heartless aristocracies that ever ruled a country, were
murmuring for a change. Revolution was rife throughout the
worid. America was struggling to shake off her yoke ; France,
Holland, and Spain, were assisting the United States ; and, in
1780, a confederacy of the northern powers, styled the Armed
Neutrality, was formed against England.
It was in these portentous times that the Rev. Henry
Tichborne Blount resigned the presidency of Douay College, and
was succeeded in that honourable position by the Rev. William
Gibson, afterwards Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District
This event occurred on May 31, 178 1, two days previous to the
date of our first letter, ^\¦ritten on the anniversary of James
Haydock's going to Douay. Born at The Tagg in 1764, he was
thus sixteen years of age. His parents had placed him at an
early age under the tuition of the Rev. Robert Banister at
Mowbreck HaU. This learned man had gained a high reputa
tion during his hvelve years' professorship of divinity at Douay.
Hd was an excellent classical scholar, and, in the judgment of
the venerable Alban Butler, possessed the Ciceronian style in a
degree equal, if not superior, to any of his age. In 1774 he
returned to England from Douay, and was placed at Mowbreck
Hall, a seat of the Westby family, where, besides his missionary
duties, he conducted a flourishing school to prepare boys for their
academical education. Thence James Haydock proceeded to
Douay. The Rev. John Lund, alluded to in the letter, was the rural
dean of Amounderness, and priest at Cottam, where he was
placed in 1769. There he died, and was buried in his chapel,
where a tablet over the doorway bears this inscription : —
" Sacred to the memory of the Rev. JOHN LuND,
who having zealously discharged the missionary
duties of this congregation for 43 years,
departed this life, June 24th, 18 12, in the 80th year
of his age and 54th of his priesthood."

8o THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
The Rev. Joseph Orrell, son of Humphrey Orrell, of Black-
brook, gent, was for many years priest at Singleton, until 1814,
when a new chapel was opened at Breck, near Poulton, and
Singleton Chapel was closed for a time. He died at Blackbrook,
March 5th, 1820, aged 72.
Dom Henry Parker, O. S. B., born in or near Kirkham in 1752,
was probably a grandson of Alexander Parker, of Bradkirk Hall,
near Kirkham, Esq , by Dorothy, daughter of Thos. Westby, of
Mowbreck Hall, Esq., and he was a relative of Mrs. Haydock.
He was professed at St Edmund's, Paris, in 1773, but was at St-
Gregory's Benedictine college at Douay at this period. In 1786
he became sub-prior of St. Edmund's, and prior of that monastery
from 1789 to his death at Paris, July 8, 1817. During the
revolution he was in prison. " Douay College, May 29th, 1781.
" Honoured Father and Mother.
" As I cannot take a greater or a more pleasant delight in any
thing than to write to you, I now take the little leisure I have
to send you a few unregulated lines, which, nevertheless, I hope
will find an easy acceptance, I certainly should not have written
to you so soon, our exam, now approaching, had I not been
pushed on by a favourable opportunity of having my letter
carried as far as Lancashire by one Mr. Laurenson.
" I received your kind and loving letter on the fourteenth of
this month, after the perusal of which, I understood that you
were all in a perfect state of health and happiness — thank God
for it On the same day I received a letter from my uncle,
William Cottam, by John Robinson, who came to see me,
together with Mister Henry Parker, before he set off again for
his journey's end.
" I shall never be able to make you satisfaction for the favour
able kindnesses you have done me in procuring me a good
education, and recommending me to Mister Banister, there to
receive further instructions, and from thence to this College,
where I hope, by God's grace, to become His faithful servant

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 8 1
I am now in the happiest state imaginable, but, nevertheless, I
flatter myself with the hopes of repaying your kindness by
praying for you, and procuring you all the happiness I am
able. " Take care of my two other little brothers, Thomas and George,
and my sister Peggy ; instruct and teach them how to be
obedient in whatsoever state they employ themselves, and to be
content with what God shall allot them ; it is soon enough yet
for them to think of coming into this country.
" I am very glad to hear that all my relations are in a perfect
state of prosperity- and health, which I pray God to continue
them in. As for my sister Betty, she is grown old enough to
help you in the house. Mr. Henry Parker is very glad to hear
that she turns out to be a prudent young woman, and hopes she
will so continue to the last period of life.
" I was a little shocked when I heard that Mister Lund was
sick, but my uncle's last letter informed me that he was a little
better. " Thrice happy moments, indeed, when I was first appointed to
come here. Pray inform Mister Banister that his prose is very
true, to wit — the twenty-ninth of May surely was a happy day,
when James Haydock was sent to Douay. Pray excuse the
scrawl, since I am in a very great hurry. I will not mention
anything now of the ways, manners, and custom.? of the college.
I go to visit Mr. Henry Parker now and then, and the last time
I saw him he was very well, and he bid me to remember him to
you and my uncle and aunt Cottam — not passing over my
respect to them both, and I will answer their letter the next
opportunity. Pray give my most kind respect to Mr. Banister,
Mr. Lund, and his housekeeper, Ellen, and to Mr. Orrell when
you see him ; to all my other uncles and aunts, brothers, sisters,
and relations ; to my brother William and his wife, and young
Thomas — a few lines from him would find a very easy recept-
ance, when an opportunity serves ; to my godmother, and tell
her I am very happy in my situation. My compliments to John
Williamson and his wife and children ; to your servant-men ; in
a word, to all enquiring friends in Lancashire.
" Be pleased to send me a little money that I may buy books.

82 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
which will always be useful, whenever an opportunity serves.
And begging your blessing, I remain your most dutiful and
obedient Son, "JAMES HAYDOCK."
(Endorsed "To Mr. Haydock at The Tagg, to be left at Mr.
Thos. Harrison's, Ginbow-entry, Preston, Lancashire.")
Under date April 2nd, 1783, he writes in grief to his
mother, having received on the preceding 24th of March, the
melancholy news of his father's death.
" But when I thought that it was the will of God, whose decrees
are always good, just, and holy, I tried to stop them [his tears].
Blessed be the infinite goodness of God, who out of the
abundance of his graces, vouchsafed to grant him full time to
confess his sins and receive all the sacraments; that indeed
afforded me great comfort Indeed,- 1 had had some thoughts of
his death a few days before, tho' I never had heard the news of his
being sick. . . . Comfort yourself, dear mother, with re
membering that you have a son at Douay whose filial love for
you shall never be wanting; think how happy I am here,
separated from a deluding world, where there is nothing but
sin and wickedness to be seen. Let it be your comfort to have
the hopes of seeing me again. Come, come, dear mother, take
courage ; let not your heart be overwhelmed with grief and
sorrow. Do not think his death will make me less vigorous in
persevering in my studies. Come, I say, let us hope to see one
another again ; let us hope to converse together face to face ; .
make but yourself happy, and I shall be happy. Was I to know
that your grief is immoderate, it would give me more unhappi-
ness than all the sorrow the death of my father has caused in
me. The next letter is the first letter written home by George
Haydock (who took the name of Leo in confirmation), then
eleven years of age, dated Douay College, Aug. 15, 1785, "I
thank God I am very happy at the college, and I like it exceed
ing well." He next refers to the custom, still preserved at Ushaw,
of new boys having two companions allotted them for three

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 83
days' holiday, to instruct them in the routine of the college life
and to wear off the rustiness of leaving home.
" I took for my play-fellows my brother and John Yates, who
came not far from Preston, a great friend of my brother's. We
had very good fun. W c went to a house called Ecceshine (Esquer-
chin, the country house of the college, about three miles to the
north-west of Douay), a house where the boys usually go to when
they first come, or sometimes when there is a long vacancy from
studies. Dear mother, we have got money-day every month,
which in English money comes to about i Sd., and that is to last
a whole month. The gentleman that is to carry this letter is
called Mr. Gillow. He is a particular friend of mine, and hears
my confessions. He promises to come and see you. He, perhaps'
on his return, may bring brother Tom along with him. If he does
I shall be very glad to see him again, and if not, I shall make
myself as happy as I can by endeavouring to grow daily in
virtue, goodness, and piety."
His brother James appends a short note at the end of
this letter. Both George and his older brother Tom received
their preliminary education under the Rev. Robert Banister
at Mowbreck Hall. Tom remained there longer than his
brother, and was possessed of much greater natural ability.
The next letter is his first from Douay College to his mother.
"Jan. 12. 1786. — I take up my pen to let you know that we
are all well at Douay College, and I am very well content with
this kind of life. I like the college very well, and I advance
pretty well in my studies. ... I am in the first school of under-
low, and my brother is in the second. We had the Christmas
vacancy very lately, and slept about an hour longer every morning,
except once or twice, when there was confessions and commun
ions. We have a good many play-days. On a play-day we
sleep longer than commonly we do. The bearer of this letter is
a young man coming over to England. His name is John
Stapleton (of the Carlton family). He was in my school ; he
was in low-figures before, and came down to my school. We
had skating very lately, but the frost has broke."

84 THE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
Then follows a letter from James Haydock on the same sheet
with that of Thomas, in which he addresses a note to Mr. Lund (of
Cottam), acknowledging a letter from him, and stating that he at
presentis in the school of philosophy, "monstrum horrendum, ingens,
we may j ustly compare logic to. Mr. Gillow's kind respects to you,
who says he will most certainly visit his old friend Mr. Lund the
very first occasion."
On Aug. 24, 1786, the three brothers again write long letters,
as usual on the same sheet, to their mother at the Tagg. Thomas
writes : " My brother James went to Louvain some time ago to
see dear Peggy, but stayed not long and brings us the good news
that my dear sister and all there are very well." His sister
Margaret had joined the English Augustinians at the convent of
St. Monica, Louvain, where she became a religious and took the
name of Stanislaus. It will be remembered that Gilbert Hay
dock was chaplain there for many years, the nieces of Cardinal
Allen, and other relatives of the Haydock family, having been
members of this order, both at St Monica's and its parent house
dedicated to St. Ursula. Thomas Haydock then refers to his
brother George being now in the same school with himself. " We
go to bed at nine o'clock, and rise at five and a half. My cousin,
Mr. Coghlan, and his wife, have been over very lately, and were
very glad to see us." James Peter Coghlan was the principal
Catholic printer and publisher of his day. His wife was the
daughter of Richard Brown, of Clifton, near Preston, by his wife
Helen Gradwell, aunt of Bishop Gradwell. Mrs. Coghlan was
aunt to Dr. George Brown, the first bishop of Liverpool. It was
apparently through the Browns that Mrs. Coghlan claimed
relationship to the Haydocks. "I go to see Henry Parker
frequently, and he is very kind to me .and my brothers. Mr.
Gillow, who conducted me hither, is my confessor, and is very
well." George, besides alluding to the Coghlans, says : —

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 85
"A young man, named Henry Bray, died very lately." He
mentions the practice, still preserved at Ushaw, of allotting gar
dens to some of the younger boys. " I have got a little garden,
and have had a good deal of lettuce out of it, which I eat along
with oil and vinegar, which make it exceeding good .... Dear
mother, you cannot conceive how regular we are taught to comply
with our duties. We have one time for prayer, another for
study, and a third for play."
James says : —
" This day Mr. Finch, who is a cousin of ours, returns
back again to Louvain. He only came yesterday on pur
pose to see me and my brothers, along with another man who
came much on ye same errand. He is a particular kind friend
to sister Peggy. He assists her in all her difficulties, &c. He
informs me that she improves very fast in ye French language,
and is in very good health. She desires all that is kind to you,
and dear sister, and Mr. Lund, and Ellen Kellet, and would be
very glad to see sister Betty with her, were it God's will."
The Rev. James Finch was the grandson of Thomas Finch, of
Mawdesley, gent, and Mary, his wife, daughter of William Hay
dock, of Cottam Hall, Esq., by Jane, daughter of Hugh Anderton
of Euxton Hall, Esq. He became prior of a Carthusian mon
astery in Austria, and when it was dissolved during the troubles
consequent on the French Revolution, he retired to England and
resided at Ladywell, Fernyhalgh. He was buried in the grave
yard attached to the new chapel at Fernyhalgh, and the follow
ing inscription is still to be seen on his tombstone :
" Sacred to the memory of the Reverend JAMES FiNCH,
The last of the English Carthusian Monks.
He died March 3rd., 1821, aged 72.
Good Christian on this stone shed not a tear.
For virtue lies entom'd, enshrouded here ;
Religion, resignation, had combine
O'er these remains to raise a heavenly shrine."
EUen Kellet was second cousin to the writers, being the

86 THE HA YDOCK PAPPIRS.
daughter of Robert Kellet, of Woodplumpton, and his wife
Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Haydock, of Leach Hall. Her
brother Richard became a priest, and for many years was the
chaplain to the nuns at Scorton. In this letter James again
alludes to Mr. Parker, " Henry Parker sends his kind respects to
you both ; he is going to quit Douay and go to Paris." We have
already seen that Fr. Parker was appointed sub-prior of St
Edmund's, Paris, in this year.
Thomas writes to his mother : —
"May 3, 1787, Douay College. — Would you think it proper
for me, who have been here almost a year and a half, not to
have writ to you at least thrice in ye time, to give you the
pleasure to know how I do, and improve, in learning and virtue,
as likewise to thank you for my education and especially for
sending me here, which certainly, dear mother, I shall thank you
for all my life. I am in low-figures with brother George, under
a very good master, and brother James is our pedagogue."
George begins : —
" It is with an intention to inform you of the good state of
my health, and how I improve in my studies, that I write to
you, as also to inform you that I have been here two years."
James says : —
"You see by ye two letters, which Tom and George have
tvrrote on the opposite sides, how much they have improved
in writing. They made them entirely themselves, so you may
be sure that what they there say is all their own. . . .
My defensions are approaching apace ; they will be over, I
hope, before ye beginning of July."
In the previous year he had defended with great dclat his thesis
philosophies. It was printed at Douay on a large sheet with a fine
engraving of the Holy Family after '^ovxAoxi—Philosophia Ratiott-
alis. Prolegomena: ex logica viii., metaphysica vii. Prceside
Reverendo Domino foanne Gillow, philosophies professore. Tueri
conabitur in aula collegii Anglorum Duaceni. facobus Haydocke,

Tin: HAIDOCK PAPERS.

87

Die 23 Maii. 17S6, a, nana matutina. ad undccimam. Dr. Gillow
left Douay, where he had filled the chairs of philosoph>- and
divinity for eleven years, on Oct 3, 1791. He was then stationed
on the mission at York, where he built the chapel, and, on the
death of the Rev. Thomas Ejrc, president of Ushaw College, in
1 8 10, he was appointed to succeed him. He remained president
till his death, Feb. 6, 182S aged almost 75.
Dec. iS, 1787. On tliis date the three brothers again write to
their mother. Thomas commences : —
" The love and duty- I bear to you as a son would be
comprised in too narrow bounds were they not to exceed
the strait limits of Douay College. Wherefore to remedy
this I have embraced the depjirture of Nicholas Woodcock
as a very favourable opportunity, as well to testify my affection
for you and sister Elizabeth, as to let you know that all things
are in a flourishing condition about us. The reason for N.
Woodcock's departure from amongst us you will be informed
of on his arrival at Preston. The consolation I experience
in this situation of life is very great All our duties are
performed witli the greatest exactitude ; and these are the four
constitutions generally made use of by tlie boys, viz., pray
hard, study hard, play hard, and eat hard — tlie two latter of
which I fear I practise with too great diligence, but hope in
a short time, punctually to perform them altogether, with the
additional duty of obedience to superiors, in fulfilling which I
find great delight From what I have said you may easily guess
at my happiness."
The Woodcocks, who were related to the Haydocks,
were descended from the W^oodcocks of Woodcock Hall, in
Cuerden, and at this period had just removed from Lemon
House, in Walton-le-dale, to Preston, where they resided in a
house and property which now forms the east side of Winckley-
square. Nicholas Woodcock was a younger son of William
Woodcock, of Preston, who, by will dated Dec. 6, 1770, left his

88 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
estates in Preston, Euxton, Billington, and Bartle In Wood
plumpton, to his eldest son and heir, Thomas Woodcock, of
Preston, who sold his house and land in Preston, in 1807, to
WUliam Cross, of Redscar and Cottam Hall, Esq., for the form
ation of Winckley-square and Cross-street. Nicholas Woodcock
returned to Douay CoUege, which he left again on Oct 31, 1792,
and afterwards resided in Preston. He was then in his third
year's theology. His older brother, John, then in his fourth year's
divinity, escaped from the College on the same date, with three
other students, the two Teebays of Preston, James and his brother
Lawrence, in grammar and first-class rudiments respectively, and
Patrick Flanagan, grammarian. John Woodcock was ordained
priest at York, in Dec, 1792, and was stationed at Egton Bridge,
Wycliffe, and lastly at Scorton, in Lancashire, from 1830 to 1837.
Four months before his death, he retired from the mission, and
went to reside with the Rev. J. B. Marsh at Newhouse Chapel,
where he died Feb. 12, 1837, aged 70, and was buried in the
chapel. He had two sisters, Miss J. Woodcock, of Preston, who
died, Dec. 27, 1829, aged 74, and Miss Maria Woodcock, who
died at Newsham in 1848. The latter gave ;^iooo for the
establishment of a fund for ecclesiastical education at Ushaw
College in 1842, and she left about £1^,00 for the same object
by will dated Mar. 23, 1842, and codicil dated Apr. 10, 1845.
Their ancestor, Richard Woodcock, of Walton, was the one who
held Bank Hall, in 1641, whence the mission at Newsham derived.
Fr. John Woodcock, O.S.F., who assumed his mother's name
of Farington, and was martyred at Lancaster in 1646, was of
this family.
George Haydock, in his letter, states that it was through ill-
health that Nicholas Woodcock left Douay, and that he was ex
pected to return to the college about Easter.
There is nothing of general interest in James' letter.
Three letters from the brothers. Thomas addresses his mother
and sister : —

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS

89

"Douay College, 1789 (endorsed " autumn " by Geo. Leo
Haydock). This favourable opportunity of the return of
Mr. Gillow, the same who conducted me hither, and more
especially the love and affection I bear you both, exact this
letter from me, which my natural aversion to writing seems
to forbid. But neither can you accuse me of neglect therein
conscious to yourself of the same backwardness. But to avoid
apologies and give you, I am persuaded, a very sensible satis
faction, my health is vigorous and my hopes great, which are
greatly increased from the expectation of once more seeing you
in Lancashire, and from that constant correspondence in letters
which must render happy our separation, which, when T think of
it, gives me much more courage to go through my studies in
which I have already spent three years and almost 10 months.
Among 15 schoolfellows I generally get about the sth place
both in Latin and Greek."
After desiring to be remembered to a string of relations,
including Mrs. Woodcock, he says :
" Inform Mr. Lund that as I have heard him say that he
never despaired of me, it shall be always my study, that he may
never have any reason to repent his prediction."
And showing that the sporting tastes of the family were still
strong, he adds :
"Be pleased likewise, to give my kindest compliments and
acknowledgements to my old and worthy friend, John Harrison
[of Cottam], whom I have a particular affection for. I often
think of our coursing together, and the much pleasure we took
in that exercise, and, if you see him, tell him I have the
gloves by me as yet which his son John left me when he was
dying, and which I keep for his sake."
In George's letter is exhibited his early propensity for drawing.
" I imagine you received the little picture I sent you with some
astonishment, not knowing that I could draw, and indeed I
never learnt, but have made all the progress you see by my own
apolication which I should have endeavoured to make better

go THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
had I known that it was to be sent you. I shall now send you
two more, one of which you may, if you please, give tc sister
Elizabeth, and if you desire any more I beseech you to send me
word the first opportunity (since I can do one in 4 or 5 hours)."
He then alludes to two other drawings he is doing for his uncle
William Cottam. On this letter is a memorandum, made
by George Leo in later years, that "In Mr. Banister's letter
dated i8th Sept 1789, he says, Mr. Gillow called ye 4. If he were
not so much for alma he would have embraced Garstang. Mr.
B. thanks for our drawings." From this it would appear that
the mission at Garstang was offered to Mr. Gillow at this time.
The chapel was erected there in 1784, on the western side of the
town, and was abandoned when the new church was opened at
Bonds in 1858. Previous to this the priest of the mission seems
to have generally resided at Scorton, though the Rev. William
Foster is said to have lived at Garstang in 1771.
James writes : —
" I can easily conceive what comfort and joy it must give
you to receive three letters at once from your three sons, of
whom you form the greatest expectations of their being, if not
three priests, at least three good Christians, and who, on their
part, wish to convince you of every tender regard that duty
and religion can inspire, under whose protection we most
sincerely desire to put ourselves, persuaded that she will never
fail to inspire us with filial sentiments towards so good a
mother. Indeed, dear mother, we ought to show ourselves
dutiful sons to our holy religion and to you ; to our religion
which teaches us to be grateful to our benefactors, and to you
who have ever shown yourself a most tender and compassionate
mother. Our behaviour being thus regulated towards God and
our parents will not fail to draw down a blessing upon us.
.... I have some hopes of seeing dear sister this next month,
who expresses a great desire of seeing me. I heard from her a
few dkys ago. She is perfectly well, and desires to be kindly
remembered to you. ... I have wrote by my good and great

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. g I
friend Mr. Gillow to Mr. Lund, Mr. Banister, and dear uncle and
aunt Cottam at Mowbreck. Perhaps you may have the pleasure
of seeing him, as he means if possible to pay Mr. Lund a visit
Henry Parker cannot prevail upon his superiors to give him
leave to visit his Lancashire friends. He wrote to me last
Sunday but one ; was in perfect health, and desires to be re
membered to you. If you see Mr. Gillow he will supply the
shortness of my letter, which you will scarce be able to read.
Indeed, I always write fast, which makes my letters generally
ill-wrote." After apologising for a long silence, Thomas Haydock, in a
letter to his mother and sister at The Tagg, says : —
" Douay College, Feb. 7, 1791. — But I am of opinion that a
letter of great length would not give you great pleasure if it was
to be filled with news of this kingdom, which is at present in a
most deplorable condition. Remember me likewise to Mrs.
Woodcock, whose two sons are perfectly well."
George says : —
" Gratitude for all the care you have taken of me, and my
duty to you, have forced from me what faint-heartedness has
long kept me from performing. I am in very good health as
usual, thank God, and go on with a great deal more pleasure
than hitherto in my studies, for you must know that I have been
about half a year in poetry, so that now is the time, in a manner,
to begin all I have been through before, being only a preparation
to the schools which follow, vtz., rhetoric, philosophy, and
divinity. I have often got hard work to cobble up 10 or 12
verses for my theme, but I was in a better humour last night, so
that I have made about twenty-four or upwards. Excuse me,
dear mother, for always filling up my letters with the school
affairs." In a long letter, James says : —
" I sent sister Peggy word that her pension and fortune would

92 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
be paid to her convent at or about Candlemas, which will
both content her superiors and afford her great satisfaction.
She is perfectly well, and as I have often assured you, per
fectly happy  I am as yet only sub-deacon ; my
not advancing in holy orders is owing to the troubles of these
countries. I expect that on Saturday before the second Sunday
in Lent, I shall be advanced to deacon, which is the next
dignity to priesthood. Pray for me on that day. Unless some
thing extraordinary happens, I shall be priest, if not before, at
farthest, next Christmas, and perhaps next year at this time shall
be able to give a good guess when I shall have the happiness of
seeing you. I tremble with the thought of the heavy charge
which will be laid upon me when I come to England. I can only
depend on the infinite goodness of Him, who, I hope, has chosen
me for Himself, and I will perfect the good work which He has
begun in me, and your good prayers for the worthily discharging
my duty."
He was ordained priest at Arras in the beginning of 1792.
Soon afterwards he came on the mission, and was appointed
domestic chaplain to John Trafford, of Trafford House, near
Manchester, Esq., the lineal descendant of Sir Edmund Trafford,
the great persecutor of his ancestors. Previous to leaving Douay
he had been some years prefect of the study-place, and taught
catechism, in which branch of his duty, Dr. Kirk says, he excelled.
The letters from Douay now cease, and the better to under
stand the cause, and to fill up the gap, we will introduce an
interesting narrative of the last days of the college, penned in
1852 and 1853 at the request of the late Very Rev. John Canon
Walker, of St Edward's College, Liverpool, by the last survivor
of the alumni of Douay College, the Rev. John Penswick, who
died at Garswood, Oct 30, 1854, aged 86.

( 93 )

^^z Beginning of t^e lEnU.
Even now the devastation is begun,
And half the business of destruction done.
Goldsmith's Deserted Village.
The first uprising of that terrible moral earthquake, which
afterwards shook the world to its centre, had partially subsided
and a sullen calm, suspicious enough, had ensued, when the writer
of this narrative, John Penswick, who was three schools below
George Leo Haydock, arrived at the college. But the memory
of these occurrences was fresh, and the subject of frequent con
versation amongst the students. What he was not an eye
witness of, he heard fiom those who were, and they agreed in
their statements. Previous however, to entering upon the
description of the events that he has recounted, it is presumed
that those who may read his brief memoir have acquired a com
petent knowledge of the horrors of the first French Revolution.
Without this preliminary knowledge, much of what he has written
v/ould be almost unintelligible. It is from the outbreak of the
first revolution that his narrative commences.
" After the meeting of the states-general, the harbinger of all
the evils that followed, there were disturbances in every part of
France, fomented it was said by the influence and money of the
celebrated, perhaps we should say, the infamous Duke of Orleans,
Philippe Egalite. From these disturbances, accompanied with
terror and bloodshed, Douay was not exempt Agitators and
agents for ill were sought, paid, and sent round in every direction.

94 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
first, to promote distrust in the constituted authorities, and after
wards to upset and destroy them.
" The nobility, clergy, and men of property, were arraigned be
fore the public as joint accomplices in a plot to starve and destroy
the people. It was first insinuated, surmised, and then pro
claimed unblushingly, that the aristocrats had begun their
operations ; that they were attempting to enslave the people by
starving them, and for that purpose were sending away boat
loads of wheat and flour, necessary for the subsistence of the
people, in order by these unjustifiable means to reduce them
to absolute subjection. By such representations, groundless
as they were, but confidently and impudently asserted and
repeated, the passions of the populace were lashed into furj',
and prepared for any measure of violence and guilt ; and the
soldiery, corrupted by beer and money, and instigated by the
addresses of the remorseless Jacobin clubs, and the scurrilous,
irreligious writings of the day, joined in these disturbances instead
of quelling them.
" One instance, which occurred in Douay, will illustrate the ex
tremities to which the populace was urged in its state of exas
perated feeling.
" A tradesman in the town was accused, perhaps only suspected,
of contravening the injunctions of the mob by despatching to
the neighbouring towns certain quantities of wheat and flour.
For this offence, real or supposed, he was arrested and instantly
committed to prison, and one of the municipal guards was
placed sentry over him with a drawn sword to prevent his
escape. Intelligence of this arrest spread rapidly through the
streets and alleys of the town, and as rapidly did the mob
assemble, accompanied by bands of soldiery who had released
themselves from all discipline and obedience to their officers,
and goaded by the virulent harangues of the savage agitators
and unprincipled tools of faction, they rushed with blind ferocity
to the door of the prison to wreak their vengeance on a man,
untried, unheard, and to whom was given neither time nor
opportunity to prepare or plead in his own defence. One

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. g^
obstacle only was opposed to the instant execution of their
bloody designs, and that was the firmness and resolution of the
sentinel appointed to guard their intended victim. That man,
being as conscientious as he was brave, and esteeming it his
bounden duty to protect as well as to guard his prisoner, resisted
strenuously for awhile, and with all his power, their mad
attempts at murder. But what could a solitary individual do
against an infuriated multitude ? He was seized, disarmed, and
hurried off to the market-place, and instantly run up to the fatal
lamp-post, expiating by his death a great crime in their eyes,
but in the judgment of all honest men, dying a species of martyr
to the fulfilment of his own sacred duty. That man was
Derbaix, the principal bookseller in the town, and printer to the
English College. How preposterous was this frivolous pretence
of scarcity appears from the fact that Douay is situated in the
midst of a most fertUe plain that produces abundantly more than
is sufficient for the support of its inhabitants.
" Freed from restraint, and under the circumstances from the
means of restraint, the undisciplined soldiery, and the more un
disciplined mob, perambulated the various streets, and visited
in succession the houses of the principal citizens, and by their
significant menaces, compelled them to join in their frantic cries
of vive la nation, and then exacted beer and provisions as the
price of their further forbearance.
"From these unpleasantvisitations it might have been expected
that the English secular college, consisting almost entirely of
English students, would have been exempted. They were not
their subjects ; they were not personally interested in their
changes and revolutions ; they were not partizans of any of the
factions which then ruled or attempted to rule ; they were mere
strangers enjoying there an a.sylum and a refuge which had been
denied them at home. What mattered it to them whether this
desirable protection were extended to them under an absolute
or a limited monarchy, which last seemed to be the expressed

96 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
want and wish of the day ? But no ! a lawless rabble acts and
does not argue. The sovereign people were determined that
their obstrusive aggressions should be made impartially. In the
plenitude of their assumed power they thundered at the College
door requiring immediate admittance. Some delay occurred,
during which the superiors wisely instructed the younger
.students to receive the deluded multitude with some English
cheers, such as boys know how to give, to propitiate them in
somewise, and to prevent further violence. Accordingly, after
some further demur the mob forced an entrance into the College,
and crossing the ambulacrum, rushed into the quadrangular
court directly opposite, where, to their astonishment and apparent
gratification, they were met by a laughing array of boys, who,
throwing their hats up into the air, received them with loud
huzzars, and vociferated at the top of their lungs the fashionable
cry of the day, vive la nation.
" This cry, at that time, by no means denoted an acquiescence
in the fatal measures which marked and disgraced the subse
quent eras of the revolution. It then imported merely the
downfall and dismission of arbitrary power, not inherent origin
ally in the French constitution, but assumed and usurped in the
lapse of time, and arrogantly proclaimed when Louis XIV.
had the audacity to announce La France cest moi.
" The nation in its strength arose at last to depose this hateful
absolute power, and, as it was said, with the concurrence in some
measure of its present king. This, at least, is certain, that the
states-general were summoned by him to assemble and deliberate
on the pressing emergencies that caused them to be convoked,
and to apply a remedy to evils too deeply felt to be denied.
Such a partial return to the paths of liberty and a participation
in the government, was hailed with pleasure by the people of
England, who watched with intense curiosity and interest the
throes of a mighty nation bursting its trammels, and beginning
to trample upon an odious despotism.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 97
" The first acts of a nation striking in its own defence, and evin
cing by the destruction of the infamous Bastille its determination
to be free, were highly popular in England. Great hopes were
excited ; great results were anticipated ; so that when these
uninvited strangers arrived in the College, it was not thought
inconsistent with any duty to welcome their arrival by joining
in the shouts of liberty and well-wishing to the nation. This
kind of reception, more favourable than they had anticipated,
had a magical effect upon the invaders. So far from resorting
to violence or personal ill-treatment, they subsided at once into
a sort of suavity of behaviour and comical amenity, and added
greatly to the amusement of the boys by their grimaces, antic
gestures and dances, which were mischievously applauded by
loud incessant peals of laughter ; and the mob accepting with the
modest assurance of Frenchmen these unmistakeable tokens of
merriment as a compliment paid to their own powers of pleasing,
were consequently highly gratified, and expressed in warm terms
their satisfaction at the mode of their reception. They then
departed, after partaking at their own request of the College
beer, taking with them some of the boys whose appearance or
behaviour had particularly attracted their attention.
" It was laughable to witness the motley and ludicrous appear
ance of these chosen companions of the military. Supported on
each side by the arms of the now friendly soldiers, they were
hugged and petted, and held up to the admiration of all good
citizens. They were then saddled with military accoutrements,
had cocked hats placed on their heads, and naked swords in
their hands, and in this quaint guise they were hailed and
applauded by the uproarious shouts of the surrounding multi
tude. Fortunately, laughter succeeded to preceding violence.
Even the insurgent bands bent on mischief, whom they occasion
ally met in their progress through the streets, stood still awhile,
contemplating with delight the unexpected display, and then
summoning all their energies joined heartily in the public merri-

gS THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
ment, uniting at one time the grimaces and antics of the monkey
with something of the ferocity of the bear dance. It was impos
sible for a bystander not to be gratified with the bearing of these
students, their steadiness and self-possession, and at times with
theii- radiant, honest faces beaming with fun and frolic. After
the scenes of horror and violence which the town had witnessed
without the power of repressing them, the burst of innocent and
harmless mirth escaping from the lips of these boys was quite
refreshing, and had a most composing effect ; a gleam of sunshine
streaming athwart a lurid sky.*
" At that time, when these unexpected uprisings took the world
by surprise, the CoUege was at the height of its fame and pros
perity. " Under the presidency of the Rev. V/illiam Gibson, who was
afterwards bishop of the Northern District, and principally by
his exertions, aided, of course, by the contributions of the
nobility, gentry, and other friends, very considerable additions
were made to the CoUege buildings, and to college accommoda
tion. Great. taste was displayed in their erection, and they were
as commodious as they were tasteful. Even the old part of the
house was so ornamented and beautified as to stand in favourable
competition with the new. The same style was held throughout,
and it would have been difficult to have told that they had not both
been built at the same time and on the same plan. The study-
place, a noble room in the old wing, was remodelled and refitted,
and furnished with elegant oaken desks capable of accommoda
ting, easily and commodiously, a hundred students. This lofty
and spacious room was crowded to overflowing, and was insuffi
cient to contain the classes under poetry. The other public
rooms, such as the libraries, the refectory, and the divines' school
in which at every competition the successful students received
their premiums in the presence of the president and of all the
* It appears that these boys were borne in triumph the whole of the night
through the streets of Douay {Memorials of the Rev. Thomas Gillow).

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS gg
inmates of the College, were indeed noble apartments, such as
are not usually found even in the houses of the first nobility.
The apartments of the superiors were elegant and commodious,
and such, in somewhat less degree, were those of the divines.
The rooms for the students were also comfortable and sufficiently
capacious to accommodate themselves and their pupils. For
recreation, the seniors had their walled garden, laid out in ex
tensive walks and stocked with choice fruit trees. The pro
fessors and divines had their garden, walled also on three sides,
having vines affixed, and near them gravelled walks for exercise.
On the fourth side their premises were separated from the
grounds of the philosophers, rhetoricians, and poets, by a low
wall surmounted by an elegant green palisade, which deter
mined the boundaries of each without obstructing their view.
To these latter classes were allotted grounds intersected by
spacious gravel walks, over-arched by noble lime trees to protect
them from the heat and glare of a too-often scorching sun. On
the side, and at the end of a walk, were pleasant summer-houses,
around which vines were thickly trained that they might admit
an abundance of fresh air while they excluded the solar heat.
The younger students had also their play-grounds, their ball
places, their racket-corners, and all the appendages for pursuing
the games accredited at the College. Apart from all these, and
having as little as possible communication with them, were the
apartments and lodgings of the servants and workmen necessary
to do the menial offices and supply the various requirements of
such an establishment Such was the external oeconomy of the
College, and it is only fair to say that the duties attendant on it
were performed with zealous regularity.
" Of the internal ceconomy of the house, it was the opinion of
the late Right Rev. Dr. Smith, formerly bishop of the Northern
District, calmly and deliberately delivered, that neither within
his own remembrance nor from any information that he could
derive, was the College ever in better condition in all respects.

100 THE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
Never greater harmony prevailed among the superiors, never
was greater zeal and ability displayed by the various professors,
never was better conduct, greater attention to their studies, nor a
more wiUing observance of the College discipline, than was
found ih the different grades of students at the time when these
events occurred which have just been narrated. In piety, in
learning, in discipline, the College was at least equal to any
other ; it certainly was surpassed by none.
" Moreover, there was a sort of prestige acting silently, but
efficaciously, in the breasts of all the inmates when they reflected
that their house had been the home of so many eminent men
who had done honour to religion by their learned and volumin
ous writings ; that it had been the alma mater of at least one
hundred and sixty pious and devoted priests who had laid down
their lives in defence of religion ; and of a more numerous body
still, who, having received their education at that College, abided
the loss of lands and liberty sooner than forsake their religion.
Surely this was a home to live in. No one ever left it without
reluctance ; no one ever recollected it without delight
" It was strange that the acme or accumulating point of the
College's prosperity should have been a sort of signal of its
decline ; that the riot of a day should have influenced beyond
that day the welfare of such an establishment. Yet so it was.
It is said that within the tropics a small cloud sometimes appears
on the horizon, at first scarcely perceptible to the eye, yet in
sensibly increasing in magnitude, and gathering strength from
the deadly vapours that penetrate and surround it, till it expands
suddenly over the whole face ot the heavens, and, presenting to
a trembling world a murky, baleful, malignant aspect, is porten
tous of storms, and tempests, and hurricanes. Just so did these
slight convulsions indicate the throes of that mighty volcano, which,
already in active operation, and holding for a time a hidden but
irresistible course, was soon to burst forth in all its might and in
all its terrors, scattering ruin and desolation over the wide sur-

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS joi
face subjected to its poisonous agency. These are trite com
parisons, but no other occur to us that so vividly express the
horrors of the revolutionary days that succeeded to these pre
liminary outrages.
" It is not our intention to give even a succinct account of the
savage cruelties and unprincipled confiscations of the first
revolution. We will not attempt to delineate the uncouth
arch-demagogue Mirabeau thundering forth from the tribune his
seditious, felonious harangues, and vindicating atrociously the
rights of man to seize and appropriate the estates of faithful
subjects. We will not allude further to the massacre of thou
sands of unoffending clergymen, nor the expulsion of the
remainder who preferred exile to apostasy. We need not recall
to remembrance the extreme injustice exercised against the
nobles who were forced, by every engine of terror, to fly for
safety to foreign lands, and then to hear that all their property
had been confiscated in consequence ; neither is it necessary to
say that those who had the resolution to remain were as surely
incarcerated, or lost their lives unjustly under the red axe of the
guillotine, which never rested. An enumeration of all these cool
atrocities is foreign to our present purpose, excepting so far as
they contribute or tend to throw light upon the fallen fortunes
of Douay College.
" After this first onset on the quiet tenor of college life, nothing
occurred for a long time to disturb its peace, or to interfere with
the usual occupations. Compared with many other towns of
equal size, Douay suffered little from the harassing train of
agitations and authorised murders that disgraced the capital and
some of the principal cities of the south. It was a frontier town,
and in the prospect of an impending war with Prussia and the
Emperor of Germany, whose states were contiguous to, and
threatened its immediate vicinity, it might not be deemed prudent
or safe to introduce these extreme revolutionary measures, which
would have a tendency to sow disunion amongst the townsmen
and endanger the fortress.

102 THE HAYDOCK PAPERS.
" For the space of more than a year the inmates of the College
dwelt in comparative security, and, if not encouraged, they were
not molested. Jealousies were, indeed, entertained of its supposed
leanings toward regal authority, and once at least a direct com
plaint to that import was made by the municipal authorities to
all the heads of houses in the town who owed allegiance to his
Britannic Majesty. This was an unexpected stroke, and if it
expressed or insinuated actual or virtual interference in French
interests was altogether unfounded. But these were not times
in which accusations of any kind could be safely despised or left
unanswered. Accordingly a joint exculpatory memorial in reply
was drawn up and presented, expressing the great gratitude felt
by all the houses for the kind shelter and protections afforded
by the French nation for so long a time to the afiflicted and per
secuted Catholics of England and its dependencies. In pursu
ance of these becoming sentiments, and influenced by every
feeling of honour and respect, it was stated that it had been the
declared and decided wish of all the colleges, accredited as that
wish had been by long, uniform, and undeviating good conduct,
to give satisfaction to the great and generous nation that had so
long protected them. Outlawed in their own native land for the
bare profession of their religion, they had found safety and a
quiet a.sylum in France. They had never abused the confidence
reposed in them, but had been most anxious to prove to all
France that her favours had not been bestowed on unworthy re
cipients. At all times they had carefully refrained from inter
ference in the state in which they were permitted to dwell.
They had neither sought, nor exercised, any authority, save only
.vithin the precincts of their respective colleges, and were even
there only the acknowledged and permitted authority necessary
to preserve peace, and uphold discipline ; beyond this point they
had never gone, nor wished to go.
"This was the substance and purport of the justificatory
memorial presented by the heads of establishments in Douay,

THE HA YDOCK PA PERS. 103
but very lamely and inadequatcl)- reported here. Tne original
was a copious, firm, and eloquent reply to the insinuations, rather
than direct accusations, that had been made against us, and it
was supported by proofs and arguments that would carry con
viction home to every one who was not already predetermined
net to be convinced. This memorial, it was said, was drawn up
by Mr. Dillon, President of the Irish College, and subscribed by
all the other heads of houses.
" The result of the meeting was, innocence was vindicated, but
did not triumph. A sort of reluctant qualified admission of the
justness of the arguments was made, but nothing friendly or
refreshing. It was as plain that some secret agency was at
work inimical to the interests of the memorialists ; and of those
present, there perhaps was not one who did not consider himself
in the situation so well described by the poet : —
'  incedisper ignes
Suppositos cineri doloso.' Horace, Od. 2., z. 8.
" As stated above, no fresh attempts were made at coercion or
restraint on liberty, yet the atmosphere darkened around, and its
gloom appeared to have reached beyond the channel. What
had occurred at the house, and elsewhere, had a decided and
injurious effect upon the welfare of the college. It was im
possible to combine lax principles, mob rule, and past outrages
with any fair prospect of future security. Silens leges inter arma,
is an apothegm well appreciated and understood by more than
parents, but when to this unenviable state was superadded in
some dominant quarters the almost daily breach of all accredited
laws, and no security for the observance of any that were incon
venient to present rulers, it was not surprising that parents
should listen to timely and well founded fears, and be anxious
to withdraw their children from scenes where there could be no
reasonable assurance of even personal safety.
" The mainstay of order had been violently snapped asunder by

104

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

the unprincipled expulsion of the clergy, a ruthless, insatiate
attack upon property and man's best rights, rendering all others
insecure. While religion prevailed and was respected, the
grosser outrages upon life, liberty, and property, that were con
templated, could not be tolerated. Banish religion, and the
teachers of religion, and ,the strongest barriers against vice are
overthrown, disorder and murder by wholesale are rampant, and
crime of every kind made easy. That this is no exaggerated
view of the consequences resulting from the extinction of re
ligious influence, subsequent events have too clearly shawn.
Some virtuous priests remained on their native soil, braving
danger, and resolved at the risk of their lives to snatch some
struggling individuals of their flocks from the awful consumma
tion of dying without spiritual help ; but these were few in
numbers, oftentimes in concealment, and consequently their
good offices were much restricted.
" No wonder, then, that implicit trust was not reposed in a
people who had tamely submitted to the destruction of all re
ligious liberty ; who looked on with supineness, while daring
and impious men were issuing their revolting decrees, that
in France henceforward there should be no toleration for a non-
juring clergyman, either to administer the sacraments, to offer
sacrifice, or to exercise any of the sacred offices of religion.
Liberty of worship was indeed ostentatiously proclaimed, but
Catholic worship was construed to be pure fanaticism, a crime in
their eyes deserving the severest punishment, even death itself.
" Can it surprise us that -students were recalled by their anxious
parents in shoals, or at least in quick succession ? The danger
was becoming imminent ; the advantages of remaining were
every day less ; and to those who were not designed for the
ecclesiastical state, no object worth the expense of its attainment
could be secured, which might not be provided more safely at
home. Soon it almost ceased to be strange news, weekly, and
almost dailv to hear that some of the schoolfellows were

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 105
summoned to repair to the town house, to be provided with the
necessary passports for their journey homeward. How soon
others of those who remained were to follow, could only be sur
mised. These partings, probably for life, were inexpressibly
painful to those who were going, and to those who remained.
The links which had united so many young persons in early
friendships, in companionship, in studies, in play, and even in
danger, could not be suddenly broken without a pang vibrating
in many a heaving breast But of this enough. It is sufficient
to say that they went, and that they were greatly regretted.
" Deeper and deeper grew the gloom around, and darker and
drearier the prospect into futurity. At first came what might be
called petty annoyances. War having been proclaimed against
the Emperor of Germany and the King of Prussia, the College
was almost deafened with the constant roll of the drums regu
lating the drills of the recruits of the first requisition. Their
mustering place was close under the study-place windows, and
either the shouting of the word of command, or the noise of the
drum, or the blast of some musical warlike instrument, was
dinned in rapid succession into the ears, from break of morn until
dewy eve, to the almost utter discomfiture of attempts at study.
" To this daily recurring plague were added other annoyances
which tried the temper, if they did not improve it A whole
host of masons were sent into the house for the purpose of
chiselling out and defacing the armorial bearings of the bene
factors, which had adorned almost every window in the interior
of the College. These badges were represented to be too
aristocratical, and too much opposed to their happy state of
liberty and equality to be retained, a state which had been pro
claimed, but which did not exist. It was in vain that it was
represented that those were the arms of English families only,
and that having no reference to French politics, they ought to be
taken out of the ban prohibiting armorial bearings. To those
remonstrances no ear was given. Like St. Patrick s serpents

I06 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
such emblems could not, it seemed, co-exist with the safety of the
Republic. " The affairs of the College were so intimately interwoven with
what was passing around, that it is difficult to describe its posi
tion without alluding to events which could not fail to have some
influence favourable, or otherwise, upon its interests. Generally,
in what fell under the scope of its inmates' observation, there
was much to grieve them, and little to give them hope or confi
dence in the future. One enormity following another, ever
growing but never diminished, showed them the bias of the men
who ruled them, and that the tendency of most of the measures
then decreed, were evil without alloy; a sort of prelude and
preparation of the dark tragedies soon to be enacted."

THE HAYDOCK PAPERS. 107

Kijz Efign of ^ccroc
" Oh, men I ye must be ruled with scythes, not sceptres.
And mow'd down like the grass, else all we reap
Is rank abundance, and a rotten harvest
Of discontent infecting the fair soil.
Making a desert of fertility." Sardanapalus, Act I. 2.
" Even in this preliminary stage of depravity, there were many
outrages of which they were the unwilling witnesses ; much was
done to shock all their best feelings, and much to fill the most
thoughtless with horror. The churches, so long the spot to which
the wearied spirit resorted to soothe its sorrows, represent its
wants and renew its vigour at the altars at which its forefathers
had worshipped and found life, and strength, and consolation, were
now desecrated, and converted, some into unclean stables of the
artillery horses, and some into shelters for the more unclean
profane drivers. In the principal church at Douay, dedicated
to the memory of St Peter, where the altar of the living God
had stood, there arose the mountain, a heap of piled earth, the
emblem of the most bloody faction of the Jacobins. Here their
pestilent orgies were held, and hence were issued their lists of
proscriptions that consigned to the dungeons or the scaffold
some of the most deserving men of the age. Merit of most
kinds was obnoxious to them, and a strong recommendation to be
included in their proscriptions. The other churches were
principally made subservient to the wants of the army on their
immediate frontier. They held its provisions and its supplies
One that was filled to the roof with wheat in. the straw took fire
and was burned to the ground, and its profaned steeple toppled
into the street. Gangs of yelling savages were employed to
destroy the statues, images, and pictures of the saints, and with
long ropes to pull down the crosses from their pedestals. It

I08 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
was a pleasure, however, to see that these degraded instruments
of unprincipled infidels had fe\y accomplices and few to applaud
their almost infernal feats.
" Now another sad, harassing spectacle awaited them, the sight
of the forcible ejection of the poor nuns from a neighbouring
convent within their view, and even within their hearing. It
was truly distressing to behold from the upper windows of the
College the terror, the trouble, and confusion of those heartbroken
religious, having no one to console them, no one to advise them;
their anguish at departing, going for a few steps, then rapidly
returning to take one more parting view of these scenes of their
once happy and tranquil life, a lasting farewell of their beloved
home, a home no longer to them ; and at length thrust forth
unmercifully into the wide public street to seek a resting-place
they knew not where, and to find an asylum they knew not how.
Whoever has seen a once peaceful hive suddenly disturbed or
plundered, may have witnessed the consternation, the confusion,
the helpless incertitude what to do or how to act, of this humble,
laborious, and industrious insect ; now fearful for the safety of
its cells, fearful for its stores, and fearful even for its own very
existence. Such a one may have some slight notion of the
wretched outcast condition of these much-injured women, help
less as the bee, but without its sting. Their wailings and
lamentations could never be obliterated from the memories
of those who were the unwiUing witnesses of this pitiable
scene. " Meanwhile, the condition of the CoUege was not improved.
There were many departures, but not one single recruit by way
of reinforcement from England or elsewhere. It had the mis
fortune, moreover, to fall under the suspicion of the rulers, in
common with every honest man who was not an abettor of the
misdeeds at which humanity has now to blush. Its confidential
servants were removed, and others substituted in their stead, on
whom it could place no reliance. Even the few domestics that

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. j 09
were permitted to remain became objects of distrust. Was there
no secret understanding between them and the authorities, that
they were retained when others were expelled? Had they
not consented to become spies as well as servants ? Such was
the problem to be solved, but no sufficient data were given to
facilitate or insure a solution. Its porter disappeared, and in his
place three others were assigned, so that there was no reason to
complain of a deficiency in numbers. Their business was to
note and examine everything entering or going out of the College.
Their assiduity in their new calUng was so exemplary as to gain
from the students the name of " the three spiders," a just compli
ment due to them for the zeal and agility they displayed at their
unaccustomed post Besides the main door, near which the
spiders were posted, there were two other outlets from the
College grounds ; both were now closed.
" By this arrangement it was vainly imagined that whatever the
College possessed, or they coveted, was completely in their power.
In this they reckoned without their host Walls might be
scaled, and they were scaled. Much valuable property, princi
pally in plate, was conveyed beyond their reach by four of the
philosophers, young men selected for that office from an opinion
entertained of their prudence and daring. Their names were : —
Richard Thompson, afterwards Vicar-General of the Lancashire
District ; Thomas Penswick, the writer's brother, subsequently
Bishop of Europum and V. A. of the Northern District ; John
Clarkson, afterwards on the Mission at Ingatestone Hall in Essex ;
and William Lucas, who eventually joined the army, and for some
years resided in Birmingham. They certainly ran great risk at
such a time and in such an undertaking ; but their courage never
failed them, and they executed their task in a manner to
ensure the full approbation of the superiors who employed
them.'* * A few years before his death, the Very Rev. Vicar Thompson went over
to France in company with some friends, and pointed out the places where

1 10 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
" The boa constrictor, it is said, does not usually destroy its
victim at one fell grasp, but gradually encircles it, fold within
fold, to secure its prey and prevent its escape. It then employs
the lever of an irresistible muscular power by which it safely
and securely effects its destruction. The College now began to
feel the reptile tightening its cords around it It foresaw danger,
as who did not in those unhappy days ? The proclamation of
war against England, and the denunciation of death against all
crowned heads did not mend the position. The Reign of Terror,
as it was called, had then begun. Denunciation breathing blood
and extermination was rife against everything that had hitherto
been held sacred. Such menaces were ominous. The monsters
of the Revolution did not deal in idle threats. The blow was
often struck before the threat was issued. ' By the decided and
atrocious measures of bold and unrelenting miscreants the public
mind was paralysed with fear and sudden consternation. Even
the best intentioned knew not how to act, or when to offer an
available resistance. The axe which fell upon the neck of the
French monarch fell with stunning effect upon the heads of all
his subjects not actually involved in the guilt of this murder.
Every man stood aghast, and, as it were, petrified on the first
intelligence that a most foul act had been done, which would
have been deemed and declared to be impossible if it had not
been already effected. Men knew not what to think or what to
the treasure had been deposited. It was evident that some of the hiding
places had been discovered, and a portion of the treasure, principally church
plate, taken away. The remainder, from information furnished by Mr Thomp
son, and Mr. Penswick himself, who had accidentally witnessed the secretion
through a key-hole, and had been soundly rated for his inquisitiveness,
was afterwards recovered by the Right Rev. Mgr. Searle, who, in the
spring of the year 1868, obtained permission from the Emperor Napoleon III.
to search for it. These relics of the illustrious seminary, consisting
principally of plate for the service of the refectory, were divided into three
portions and distributed to the three Colleges, Ushaw, Old Hall Green, and
Oscot,t. Onmany of the pieces are engraved the armorial bearings of the
Duke of Norfolk, and of other old Catholic families.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 1 1
expect. Human life had become cheap. It had been wrested
from the chief and his much abused consort ; why should it be
respected in the subordinate? Henceforward, in each man's
case, life hung on a contingency. Power alone conferred right ;
and woe to the wretched being who fell under the ban or dis
pleasure of the powerful. An old grudge, a present pique, or
even an inconvenient debt, might in the confusion of right and
wrong instigate to a judicial murder. Arrests were multiplied
and were accompanied by revolting circumstances. A municipal
officer, girt with his sash of office, and attended by his followers
and a train of musicians playing " Ca ira " or the Hymn of
the Marseillais, usually at the close of the day, called at the
house of him who had the misfortune to be suspected or
denounced, placed seals on all his effects, claimed his victim, and
forthwith escorted him to prison. Hope might wish him a safe
deliverance, but in those days there was more of despondency
than of hope.
" These scenes were so often repeated in various towns, and
followed by so many executions in those days of terror, that men's
hearts absolutely sank within them. They could have no enjoy
ment of to-day, who were in perpetual fear of what might occur
on the morrow ; or if they had enjoyment, it must have been of
a very vague, faint, temperate kind, the poor satisfaction that they
had been spared another day. ' Ille potens sui,
Lastusque deget, cui Ucet in diem
Dixisse, Vixi.' Horace, Od. 3, 29, 42.
" Under such circumstances it may reasonably be asked, why
confront and widen the danger when we had the power to with
draw from it? A reasonable question truly. Yet there was one
most important consideration of weight to override and over
rule, in the estimation of the superiors of the house, every undue
attention to personal interests or personal safety. The prosperity

^12 THE HAYDOCK PAPERS.
and welfare of the largest establishment connected with the
Catholic body in England had been entrusted to their prudence
and active vigilance. Its very existence depended on their firm
ness. Had they withdrawn like many of the emigrants, who
in the terror of the moment purchased safety by the sacrifice of
the whole of their property, then indeed the most disastrous
consequences would have ensued. The College with all its
appurtenances being found untenanted, would have been treated
as a derelict, and confiscated, and appropriation of it to national
purposes would have been the immediate result Such a con
summation would have entailed, if not absolute ruin, at least a
most serious and awful loss to the English Mission. They had
then no other alternative. A crisis had arrived of absorbing
interest, and on their decision might depend consequences that
were absolutely immeasurable. To their honour be it said, they
never faltered in their determination for a single moment
To one final resolve they arrived, and from it they never swerved —
' The College must be retained at all hazards.'
" To these pious and determined men, no other conclusion was
admissible. On their firmness depended the welfare, not of the
College alone, but of the English Mission, which had received its
supply of priests principally from that establishment. If from
their faint-heartedness or indecision it was unfortunately lost
from what other source could the necessary supply of priests be
obtained? The Society of Jesus had been abolished. The
Franciscans and Dominicans were few, and perhaps declining in
numbers and strength ; the Benedictines were more numerous
but had no superfluity of disposable members ; they had no more
than were sufficient to supply the wants of their own monas
teries and of the chapelries which they had founded, or which
had been committed to their care. The secular establishments
abroad did not supply collectively as many priests for the English
Mission as the one effective college at Douay. It was then the
hope and the main prop of the Catholics of England. It must

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 1 1 3
therefore be retained at all hazards ; and none could be more
vividly convinced of the importance of retaining such an estab-
lishment, nor more thoroughly impressed with the responsibility
that rested upon themselves in such an emergency, irrespective
of every selfish consideration, than the very anxious superiors
to whose earnest care and unflinching energy its safety had been
committed. Few in England can now have a conception of the
many complicated and distressing difficulties with which the
superiors were beset, nor the stern opposition they had to encounter
and surmount From the favour of the bloodthirsty government
which then ruled France, they had absolutely nothing to hope,
and little, if anything, from their scant sense of justice. Debarred
from even the hope of aid from home, or from the assistance of
friends on the Continent, with whom on account of the war they
could hold no longer any communication, their sole reliance
must henceforth be on Providence, and on their own earnest
exertions. Several courses were open to them, but no plan of
procedure could be devised which did not involve them in some
painful dilemma They might in a body, like the Scotch and
Irish, withdraw in safety beyond the frontier ; or, like the Bene
dictines, dismiss the main body of students, and only retain a
small number of the superiors to hold possession of the College.
Both of these expedients, particularly the first, appeared to be
exceptionable, inasmuch as they exposed the College to the risk
of confiscation. A last resource remained, viz., to confront
danger in a body, and to await the result. But this resource,
precarious as it was, had its serious inconveniences, of which we
had been reminded by what had recently occurred at the English
College of St. Omer.
" The superiors of that College had a short time previously been
separated from their students and thrown into prison, upon the
strength of a dropped letter, accidentally, as it was pretended,
found in the streets ; and from this rigid confinement they were
not delivered until after a long interval, during which the accusa-
H

1 14 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
tions made against them were proved to be futile or unfounded.
In the interim, the College boys were committed to the care of
certain clergymen who had taken the constitutional oath, and
who came consequently under the ban of their rightful bishop.
To such men, it may well be supposed, the students did not pay
a ready or a willing obedience, and they often amused us in our
common prison at Douriens with the recital of the various pranks
they played with their intended superiors. Yet, however good
the conduct of the boys might have been, and was under the
anomalous government to which they had been subjected, a
recurrence of such a restraint upon conscience, and a like exposure
to the schismatical contamination were greatly to be deprecated,
and by every lawful means to be prevented. The boys of St.
Omer's, from the great distance of that town from the frontier,
had no avaUable means of escaping from their state of thraldom
and forced subjection to their present ill-suited and ill-suiting
professors ; and if the incarceration of their own superiors had
been greatly prolonged, it is impossible now to say what unpleas
ant consequences might have ensued.
"The episode about the St Omerians demonstrated clearly
enough the risks and inconveniences of the last-mentioned plan.
But did not our own voluntary prolonged abode at Douay imply
an equal risk ? A risk certainly, but not an equal risk. The
cases were not quite parallel. We stood on more favourable
ground. Should it have pleased the sovereign people of France
to subject us to a like degraded and degrading misrule, and
removing our superiors from us to detain them prisoners in a
distant stronghold, unless some very rigorous measures had been
adopted against us (such as had never yet been dealt out to us,
and such as we had no reason to apprehend), the day of their
imprisonment would have been the date of our arrival in a com
pact body at Orchies, an imperial town, distant from Douay
about twelve English miles. There we should have been
sheltered from French insolence and French persecution. But

THE HA YDOCK PA^S. 1 1 5
a question may be raised — why not adopljiis reasonable policy
while the means of realizing it was witil your reach ? Your
case was all but desperate ; your prosjjis dark and dreary
scarcely admitting the faintest ray of hope, res it prudent to en
counter evident and imminent danger wh it was within your
power easily to withdraw from it? Perhaps fre was imprudence,
and even great imprudence, of which the strC desire of retaining
the CoUege at all hazards can form the only excuse. Perhaps,
also, there was a deficiency of energetic resohn our very worthy
president [the Rev. Jno. Daniel], who, havingassed nearly the
whole of his long life within the precincts oke College, from
which he never had been absent for a whole ccmuous month —
nor perhaps for a week — could not bear the iciof a separation
from it Great allowances must be made fiwis indecision
in consideration of his strong attachments. «ld he have
surmised that the College had been lost througw own want
of perseverance, that imagination, slender and grclless though
it might be, would have been fatal to his peace, a.'perhaps to
his life. J
"There was another obstruction to the safe 3 smooth
working of the last-mentioned plan, that had its Vjht in the
scale of conflicting difficulties. Our treasury was U and there
was no way of replenishing it either from the funlin France
which had been confiscated and withheld from us, Irom pay
ments from England, which from the time since! war was
declared could by no possibility be conveyed tfls. The
payment of a cheque from an English bank by aaker in
France would have been the death-warrant of the uitunate
and inconsiderate banker. Add to this the depreciationpaper
assignats, amounting to more than four hundred per c, and
its consequence, a quadruple expenditure, and we majence
form an idea of the utter impossibility of providin^ery
individual student with the slenderest means of arrivinahis
home. No alternative was left but casual charity on the i\ to

1 1 6 tJa YDOCK PAPERS.
enable those who esf to reach the English shore. So faint
a resource could affcio soothing satisfaction to the feelings of
our superiors, and w/ed not be surprised that, if they opposed
no great hindrancd* ^^he departure of those who deemed it
imprudent to rematney gave it no great encouragement.' It
was plain that tl choice of expedients had become the
choice of evils, s it was difficult to determine which of
these in preference the rest we were ultimately to select and
adopt "At length oui-Uberations were fated to have a sudden close
by the startling a;unexpected inteUigence that we were to be ex
pelled from Doi/as useless mouths in a town declared to be in
danger of siege/rhis was a final and fatal blow, upsetting and
dissipating tho'^Jadowy hopes that the most sanguine tempera
ments alone ct ', have entertained. In pursuance of the municipal
mandate of ^<lsion,we were ordered to name our place of refuge,
and Lens, ePall town at the distance of a day's journey, was
selected ; a/''no exceptions being made to the place of our
choice, we/iived our passports to repair thither.
"Leavirfcouay we stopped at Esquerchin, our country house,
distant abl three miles, which was not greatly out of our own
way. Tha' we remained unmolested during some months with
the knowHge and sufferance of the town's authorities, and I
almost irrtine that it would not have broken the hearts of some
of those Jitlemen if we had taken that favourable opportunity
of makii/our final escape. Had they no sympathy with the
inmatesi .a college, who, in succession at least, had been fellow-
citizen/lth them or theirs, not for years merely, but for ages ?
If not* ky did they tolerate our remaining so many months in
a spofhjt indicated in our passports, but whence escape was so
easy jpn
"¦«)o remained, as I have just stated, some months at
Esqf ';hin, and during our abode there we were very close
wit/er(es of the march of the French army to encounter the

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. j 1 7
Duke of York at the disastrous siege of Dunkirk. Some of the
republican cavalry passed through our village. In the eyes of
some of the upper officers of the French army with whom our
superiors had an opportunity of conversing, the move of the
Duke was opposed to every rule of military strategy, and in this
opinion the PrinceofCobourg, who commanded the Imperialists,
it was said, entirely coincided.
" The defeat of the English army freed Douay from the danger
of an impending siege, but we werte not recalled. Something
worse than neglect seemed to be hanging over us. It could not
be favourable to us, but from the temper of the times might and
must be disastrous. It then became the firm conviction of those
who thought at all, that our past patient endurance had been
carried to the utmost extent warranted by common prudence
and perhaps to a point beyond it, and that nothing was to be
obtained favourable to our college interests by remaining a day
longer. This conviction had its just weight with many most
valuable men, such as the Rew. Messrs. Lancaster, Worswick,
Peach, Bell, and others, who slipped away without leave-taking.
" Such, I strongly suspect, would have been the course of many
who were left behind, if money, the great lever which is said to
move nations and armies, had not been wanting. It might be
in the power of the procurator to afford some small aid to the
first applicants, but the whole contents of his exchequer would
have been inadequate to supply even a trifling sum to each
individual. There are some natures, indeed, in which it seems
to be engrafted to hope against hope. The president was
against the immediate flight, and with him of course were ranged
the different professors who were unwiUing to abandon him.
Then there was a feeling that if the students departed, the
inevitable consequence would be that the superiors would be
thrown into prison in common with all the respectable
ecclesiastics who were known to remain in France. This was an
appeal to our feelings, which was almost irresistible. Even

1 1 8 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
those who were thoroughly convinced of the futility of the
president's hopes were content to abide the common risk with
all its disheartening prospects, and to await the issue a little
while longer. When hope was almost, or rather quite ex
tinguished, then did the tide of emigration set outwards.
" Gradually, but perceptibly, our numbers diminished, and the
retirement of men in divinity and in the higher classes, who
were weU known not to be deficient in courage, was beginning
to create a feehng of personal insecurity, or rather of impending
danger to those who remained. But before the conviction had
full time to operate, we received an unexpected invitation from
the municipal authorities to return to the town, and to resume
possession of our College. Such an invitation, preceded by
no expression of feeling for the inconveniences and losses to
which we had been subjected, the realization of no previous
promise, but singularly dry^ and abrupt, seemed to some of us a
very equivocal concession that boded us no good. Over these
just apprehensions, our orderly habits of obedience prevailed
The order was given to us by the president to repair immediately
to the town, contrary to the expressed opinion of some and the
inward convictions of more. Reluctantly enough some of us
entered within the walls of the town, and were not greatly sur
prised to find that we had entered only to be entrapped."

W^z Confiscation of tlje CoIIcfle.
" Good Heaven 1 what sorrows gloom'd that parting day,
That call'd them from their native walks away ;
When the poor exiles, every pleasure past.
Hung round the bowers and fondly look'd their last."
Goldsmith's Deserted Village.
" Soon we were taught how mistaken our confidence had been.
After a short delay, allowed probably to encourage those to enter

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 119
who had been detained in forwarding our effects from Esquerchin,
a municipal officer, having taken the previous precaution of
surrounding the College and all its outlets with bands of armed
men, entered the CoUege about nine at night, when the superiors
were at supper, and many of the boys, wearied with their labours
and disquietude, had retired to rest, and announced to us his
orders to remove us at once to the Scottish College, and into close
confinement " On hearing this decree, the first idea that suggested itself to us
was to escape from the premises in the dark, in the almost for
lorn hope of finding some means of passing the town's gates on
the morrow. This, at the first attempt, was discovered to be an
impracticable measure. The next was to call up those who had
retired to rest, and in conjunction with them to secure as much
of our wardrobes, etc., public and private, as we could convey
away unnoticed. The officer was very urgent that we should
hasten our departure, without any solicitude about our clothing
or other effects, giving us his assurance that all should be safely
sent after us. To this notification, taking it for what it was worth,
we paid no attention, but collected what we could in the very few
moments allowed us for assembling. Some clothes, which were
afterwards found to be eminently useful, were procured from the
tailors' apartments, and a small amount of silver utensils, which,
to avoid suspicion, had not been removed from daily use. When tha
patience of those appointed to escort us, which was by no means
extraordinary, was exhausted, word was given to us to pass in
stantly into the streets, and thence, enclosed by two serried ranks
of military, who were rigidly strict in the performance of their
charge, we were marched quickly into the Scotch college, which
having entered, our claims to our own establishment were declared
to be extinct In effect, it had been confiscated. From that fatal
night we may date the final downfaU of the noble English Secular
College of Douay.
"Stripped of the support of aU thy various aids of instruction and

1 20 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
everything that had hallowed thy previous existence, poor alma
mater, thine was a cruel and unmerited doom ; but thou hadst,
and deservedst to have, many sincere mourners. The end was
qualis ab incepto. Nursed and cradled in adversity and unremit
ting suffering ; pursued throughout almost thy entire duration by
the merciless laws and refined barbarity of a merciless princess,
and harassed by the atrocious and insatiate hostility of succeeding
governments, who thought they did an agreeable thing to God
by hunting thy noblest sons to a cruel death ; — all those unnatural
but vain attempts to crush out thy very existence thou couldst
bear and didst bear. But when the sanguinary laws that had
been created against thee had at length been cancelled, or greatly
modified, then in almost the first moments of thy peaceful rest,
in the very dawn of thy hopes, in the midst of thy aspirations
after labour untrammelled by fears of prison or death, a storm
arose from an unexpected quarter in which thou hadst hitherto
been kindly fostered, cherished, and protected. Not France,
once the soul of honour and unbending integrity, dealt thee thy
death-blov.', but the most worthless of her sons, profiting by the
explosion of a sanguinary revolution, rose like the Seine to the
surface, and wresting the reins of government from feeble hands,
rioted then in every excess that can degrade the name of man
Their envenomed darts were ever aimed at a noble quarry, and
thou, in common with the best, sankest under them. Thy virtues
were the occasion of thy fall. Never stain nor spot has tarnished
thy unblemished escutcheon. Farewell, then, kind alma mater ;
farewell, a long farewell.
" Here my task is ended. What foUowed has been recorded by
one who kept a regular journal of events.* As far as I recollect,
it is meagre in details, as might be expected from one who had
so little communication with externals. The boys, if they had
* Narrative of the seizure of Douay College, and of the deportation of the
seniors, professors, and students, to Dourlens. By the Rev. Joseph Hodgson,
V.G.L.D., in a letter to a friend. Catholic Magazi-ne, vol. I., 1831.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 2 1
chosen, could have supplied him with more abundant particulars,
but the opportunity has now passed, and his must continue to be
the only register of these events. Some more last words, I find,
are expected from me, at least in explanation ; be it so, provided
they be short ' Sicut.
Parvula, nam exemplo est, magni formica laboris
Ore trahit quodcumque potest atque addit acervo.'
" It has been asked, were there no grounds for accusation, real
or insufficient, for the expostulation of the town's officers, to
which the memorial of Mr. Dillon was the authorised reply ? The
only grounds, known to the students at least, were certain letters
addressed by Dr. Coombes to the editor of one of the royalist
newspapers that had a considerable circulation throughout
France. In them he expresses the strong indignation felt by
every Englishman at certain acts of the first Assembly, and their
deplorable consequences, and exhibits himself as sufficiently
authorised by the general feeling to convey these sentiments to
the public. These letters, I believe, were forcibly written, and
described in no measured terms the author's aversion from the
violent proceedings of the Assembly. Dr. Coombes was then a
very young man, an accomplished scholar, and an excellent
linguist ; but he was indiscreet, and had not much tact When
it became known to the superiors that he was in communication
with the newspapers, he was ordered immediately to desist.
Although by his obedience he might make his peace with his
superiors, he was less happy with the powers that then ruled.
The question was often put to us by persons in authority, ' Is
Crombs' (for so they called him) 'still with you?' and on our
replying no, that he was in England, for he was one of those
who escaped on the road to Arras when our guards were
regaling themselves in the canteen, the invariable remark was
' It is well for him,' intimating, as we understood them, that he
would have paid for his imprudence with the forfeiture of his

122 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
head. I know no other ground on which the accusation made
against us could rest, unless it were on our known hostility to
the vice and irreligion that then prevailed.
" I may relate an anecdote about which I think the writer of
the journal is silent, because it was personal, and reflected
honour upon himself. During those awful times there was no
unconstitutional priest known to be in the vicinity of Dourlens.
A gentleman in the neighbourhood, lying on his sick-bed in
imminent danger of death, was extremely anxious for the services
of a priest Fixing upon some dragoons in our garrison as best
able to assist him, he prevailed upon them to bring one out of
the citadel, in the disguise of their uniform, when one of their
company was stationed as guard at the outer gate. Mr.
Hodgson was the person selected, and while the soldiers were
attiring him in the gallery, into which our room door opened,
he dispersed all the boys in various quarters, upon some pretence
or other, the better to conceal his departure Unfortunately I
returned, having forgotten something, to the displeasure of Mr.
Hodgson, who was rather cross, ordering me to say nothing of
what I saw, but not to the discomfiture of at least one of the
soldiers, who knew that I had been privy to some of his
escapades of the same sort, and to secure my silence had offered
to take me out in the same disguise whenever I chose. This
offer I declined, and he was content with my assurance that I
would not betray him. In revenge for my being scolded, I
will say that I never saw an uglier dragoon than Mr. Hodgson,
nor a more awkward recruit. But althousfh he fisfured in-
differently as a soldier, he was at home in his duties, which
happUy for the sick man and for himself he completed, escaping
detection. An alarm indeed was given during the procedure
that the commander was coming, but it appeared that he only
called to see his sick friend, and during his stay Mr. Hodgson
was concealed under a bed in the garret, not knowing meanwhile
whether he was not personally indebted for this gracioils call.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 1 23
" I may record an incident in the edifying Ufe of the late Right
Rev. Bishop Poynter, which, as far as I know, has not been
noticed elsewhere. When our restrictions in matters of space
and recreation ground, which had been imposed on account of
the escape of so many of our companions, and to prevent the
flight of more, had been' somewhat relaxed and a wider circuit
had been conceded for air and exercise, Mr. Poynter, profiting
by this indulgence, ascended the walled ramparts which separated
the two citadels, and, in full view of both, calmly, quietly, and
composedly recited there for a time, almost daily, the divine
office. His purpose appeared to us to be two-fold, viz., to testify
by this noble demonstration his obedience to God in almost the
worst times, his adherence to his own personal duties irrespective
of consequences to himself, and to console and reanimate the
faltering courage of so many French captives, to whom hope
had become almost an entire stranger. If such were his object
he succeeded. When better times followed they often expressed
to us their great admiration of his noble conduct, and their
grateful thanks for the well-timed edification he had given
them. Does not his behaviour show that the spirit that
animated the pious originators of our noble College,
founded at the expense of so many personal sacrifices,
which supported their admirable successors under the terrors
of imprisonment and death, had not deserted its own house
at its close ? May the same divine spirit continue to shed
its blessings on the affiliation of that once favoured
home. "It may be objected that the shadowing I have deline
ated of the excesses and horrors of the first revolution are
too dark, and have been unduly exaggerated. I am
persuaded, on the contrary, that the description I have given
is lenient and understated. It is one thing to hear of
tyrannical proceedings, and another to smart under their in
fliction.

1 24 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
' Segnius irritant animos demissa per aurem,
Quam quae sunt oculis subjecta fidelibus, et quid
Ipse sibi tradit spectator.'
" With this observation I beg leave to make my bow and retire,
repeating as we were wont —
' Laus Deo Semper.'"
I loved thee in my youth's sweet dream
Of fresh and pure delight.
When basking in life's morning beam.
Where all around was bright ;
And there came across the gleam
No cloud to chill my sight.
And when that dream was faded far,
That dear delusion o'er.
No change, no time thy form could mar,
I only loved thee more !
And I watched thy waning star
More fondly than before. F. C. Husenbeth.

STfje JUgi)t from ©ouag*
" That quiet land where, peril past,
The weary win a long repose.
The bruised spirit finds, at last,
A balm for all its woes." T. K. Hervey.
London, Aug. 14, 1793. " Dear Mother — We send before these
few lines to diminish the surprise you possibly might receive
from ye sudden and unforeseen arrival of your two most dutiful
and loving children. You will hear ye reasons of our departure
from Douay College, and receive ye satisfaction you could de
sire, when we are come to our beloved home, where we shall lay
before you ye pressing urgencies which have forced us to cross
the seas (very much against our will) and to return to Lancashire.
We set out on our journey ye 5th of August, and arrived amidst
ye congratulations of all our friends who were informed of our
circumstances at London, Aug. 14th, from whence I have the
pleasure to address this letter to you, most dear mother. Be
pleased to make yourself, and other our friends and relatives,
as easy as possible on our regard, for 'tis not on account of some
silly whim or misdemeanour that we propose to make you this
visit, but for causes which have not only prevailed on several
before us to leave this troublesome habitation, but likewise have
engaged one of ye professors (masters), called WiUiam Davies,
a person of a very good character and advanced to ye order of
deaconiship, to undertake ye same journey in our company.
But, dear mother, let this suffice for ye present, until we come
in person to give you a more exact detail of this adventure. In

126 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
ye meantime we remain as before, and for ever, your ever
dutiful and obedient sons — George Haydocke and Thomas
Haydocke. P.S. We shall come down as soon as possible. We
write this from ye apartment of J. P. Coghlan, who sends his
kindest compliments (together with his wife's) to you and all
friends." In a correspondence with the late Very Rev. John Gillow,
D.D., vice-president of Ushaw College, George Leo Haydock,
dating from Penrith, Oct 6, 1849, gives some detaUs of his flight
from Douay. He says that previous to his escape " five others
tried and were taken to prison at Lisle for a fortnight, and then
joined the rest of the college at Esquerchin till sent to Dourlens.
Three of them set out before us and were stopt at the citadel for
want of passports, and returning, put us on our guard ; so we
went behind and pretended to be fishing. Two more joined
them, and proved unsuccessful. One of these was Francis
Canning, of Foxcote, my schoolfellow. Another was John
Rickaby, who was ordained deacon and priest with me in Lent,
1797, and Sept 22, 1798, and died in the asylum at Manchester,
Feb. 5, 1 82 1, after being priest at Garstang an'd Nunnington
awhile. W. Davies, deacon, left us at London, and went to
Wales. We walked by Orchies, Tournay, then took the coach
to Bruges, where the nuns [English canonesses of St Augustine]
entertained us two days, and lent us, I think, £"5, to be repaid in
London, as it was by me. We had no difficulties to encounter,
only the English consul at Ostend would not believe but we
were French, and when I told him my brother and I were born
three miles from Preston, N. W., at the Tagg, he said he knew
Preston but had not heard of that house, which I observed was
not surprising. We found afterwards this General Haynes had
carried a pack ! He would not grant us a passport, so we ven
tured without one, and were never asked for one. Arriving at
Dover we proceeded by coach to London, where we were enter
tained kindly for a week by J. P. Coghlan and his wife Elizabeth,

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 27
formerly Brown, a relation of ours from Clifton, where the present
Bishop George Brown was born — and was my scholar along
with Bishop W. Hogarth, from 1798 till 1803, during which I
was master of all under poetry, and general prefect at Crook
Hall. Towards the end of Aug., 1793, we visited our brother,
James Haydock, lately fixed at Trafford House, and then walked
home with him thirty miles. I remained at Tagg House till the
end of November, when I was ordered to go with Thomas
Penswick to Old Hall Green, where we arrived about the 3rd
Dec My brother Thomas seemed undecided, but afterwards
went to Lisbon, and returned in the summer of 1795. I had
left the College Nov. 3, 1794-"
In a letter dated Oct 10, 1849, in answer to some further
queries by Dr. Gillow, Mr. Haydock says — " Richard Bro-
derick, just entering with me in high-philosophy under Bishop
Smith or Rev. W. Wilds (still aUve at London), Louis Havard, a
Welshman, in low-philosophy, a year younger than I, and
another student, were stopped at the citadel of Douai, at 11
o'clock, and sent to inform us, and we advised them to try
another road and join us at Tournay or Orchies, nine miles off.
We went by the canal at the back of the citadel of Douai at I
p.m., conducted well by a countryman who came to supply the
College with faggots. He went a moderate distance before us,
with his coat over his shoulder, till he came to a rising ground,
when he crossed the high road and we put up our fishing rod and
foUowed him through woods, seeing the guard for the last time,
and presently coming among the Germans, expecting a battle
shortly. We called, upon the good old curate of Orchies, who
had just returned to his house and feasted his friends. It was
so late that I wondered how he could read his office. We wrote
by our trusty guide to some at the College advising them to em
ploy him. Soon after we left, it seems, John Rickaby, z. patriarch,
as we called him (about low-philosophy), and Francis Canning,
my schoolfellow of the same age, in whose green coat I escaped,

J2S THE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
as he had grown out of it, joined the three [mentioned above],
and they had got within a mile of being out of the French
dominions, when unluckily they had to pass through a village,
and some soldiers drinking, demanded their passports, and took
them to Lisle. I was informed that they were skulking behind
a hedge, instead of going boldly, in separate twos or threes.
I had no merit in planning our escape, but engaged in it very
reluctantly, being in bad order for walking, as I was growing
rather too fast at 19. My brother Thomas insisted on my going
with him, and had money, etc. We left at the college about 50.
Nearly 100 had escaped before, and of the 50, one half contrived
to slip away on the road, or from Dourlens, a state prison
where the students of Douai and St Omer's were confined in
October, till after the execution of Robespierre, when they were
permitted to come with their goods to England. I lost nearly
200 vols., and only saved an Imitatio Christi (left me by my
pupil Th. Murphy) and Boileau, which I have yet, and perhaps
the fishing rod at Tagg House. .... I must observe the nuns
who were so kind to us at Bruges (where Mr. Davies had been
lately ordained deacon) were Augustinians, and Mrs. Moore, a
relative perhaps of the celebrated Sir Thomas More, was the
reverend mother. I had a sister, Margaret Stanislaus, a nun at
Louvain, of the same order, who is stUl alive, aged 82, at
Spetisbury House, whom I visited thrice at Hammersmith in
1794 and never since."
In another letter to Dr. Gillow he says — " I never heard my
brother James tell any of his adventures. I suppose he got a
passport just in time. Mr. Peach [Rev. Edw.] also was too in
tent upon his studies to communicate what happened to him
4th Aug. Of the little boys who went the same day to St Omer's.
Thomas Murphy was my pupil, and had left me his rich fur
niture, which I had just put with my books and pictures, in the
best order when my brother Thomas was so urgent for me to
flee. I went to confession to Rev. Joseph Hodgson, and know

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 129
not whether it would not have been better for me to have re
mained. I should have saved, besides my catalogue since 3985,
most of the Fathers, etc., nearly 200 vols., which at 19 I had
scraped together with my little pocket money, and should have
got more, probably, if my schoolfellows had not wasted a good
deal in little theatrical attempts at scenery, in which once I was
to act as parson, while one was to be hanged, and really was in
some danger. Such things were, moreover, forbidden. I re
member Rev. B. Rayment, prefect-general, seeing something of
the kind going on, dashed his hand through a pane of glass to
iay hold of an actor on guard in the philosophers' school. It
was here, about this time, that Mr. Wilds called upon me to de
fend on so easy a subject as the existence of God, and I was
almost dumb i for we had heard the Jacobins were in the next
house, and had threatened to break in and murder us all as aristo
crats. I think our good master was as much under the Reign of
Terror as myself."
The following is a catalogue of the last inmates of Douay
College, drawn up by Dr. Gillow and sent to Mr. Haydock for
revision, to which additions are made.

CATALOGUE FROM THE DOUAY DIARY FOR OCT. 1st., 1792, OP
THE LAST 103 MEMBERS OF DOUAY COLLEGE, WITH THE
ASCERTAINED HISTORY OF EACH.
SENIOR PROFESSORS.
I. Rev. John Daniel, president, born at Durton, near Ferny
halgh, Lancashire, in 1745 ; liberated from prison, Feb. 25, 1795 ;
installed president of the new College at Crook HaU, June 30,
1795, resigned within the octave to watch over the interests of
the dissolved College, and died at Paris, Oct 3, 1823, aged 77.
2. Rev. Joseph Hodgson, S.T.P,, vice-president, and professor

1 30 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
of Divinity, born in the diocese of London, Aug. 14, 1756;
liberated Feb. 25, 1795 ; served the missions of St George's-in-
the Fields (now Southwark Cathedral), Castle-street, London, V.
G. London District, and the Ladies' School at Brook Green,
Hammersmith, where he died Nov. 30, 1821, aged 65.
3. Right Rev. Wm. Poynter, S.T.P., prefect of studies, born at
Petersfield, Hampshire, May 20, 1726 ; liberated Feb. 25, 1795 ;
V.P. of Old Hall Green College, president in 1801, coadjutor
bishop of London District, 1803, to which vicariate he succeeded
in 1812 ; died Nov. 26, 1827, aged 66.
4. Rev. Thomas Smith, professor of natural philosophy, born
at The Brooms near Ushaw College, Durham, Mar. 21, 1763 ;
liberated Feb. 25, 1795 ; missionary in Durham, coadjutor bishop
of Northern District, 1807, to which vicariate he succeeded in
1821 ; died at Ushaw College, May 30, 1831, aged 68.
5. Rev. Benedict Rayment, professor of moral philosophy,
born at Worcester Jan. 7, 1764 ; withdrew Feb. 10, 1793 ;
chaplain at Lartington HaU, missionary at York, V.G. Northern
District, died at York, Mar. 23, 1842, aged 78.
6. Rev. Joseph Beaumont, alias Hunt, procurator, born at
Stone Easton, Somerset, May 7,2, 1762 ; liberated Feb. 25, 1795 ;
missionary at Usk, and Shortwood, retired in March, and died
at CUfton, Dec. i, 1838, aged 76.
7. Rev. Thomas Stout, prefect general ; liberated Feb. 25,
1795 ; missionary at Southwark, Callaly, 1796, and 1797
Thropton, Northumberland, till death, July 26, 1828, aged 61.
8. Rev. James Newsham, professor of rudiments, born at
Lytham, Lancashire, in 1774 ; left before Oct i, 1793 ; chaplain
at St Monica's convent Louvain, O.S.A. ; at Crook Hall as a
convictor, died at Hammersmith, June 11, 1825, aged 51,
MINOR PROFESSORS.
9. Rev. William Wilds, professor of poetry, born 1768 ; liber
ated Feb. 25, 179s ; chaplain to the Bavarian Embassy at

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 3 1
London, missionary at Warwick-street ; died in Upper John St,
Golden Square, Jan. i8, 1834, aged 87.
10. Rev. James Haydock, professor of grammar, born at The
Tagg, Lancashire, 1746; withdrew Feb. II, 1793; chaplain at
Trafford, and missionary at Lea, where he died Apr. 25, 1809,
aged 43.
1 1. Rev. William Henry Coombes, D.D., professor of rhetoric,
born at Meadgate, Somerset, May 8, 1767 ; escaped Oct 16,
1793 ; professor of divinity at Old HaU Green, and afterwards
V.P., degree D.D. 1801, missionary at Shepton Mallett for 39
years, retired to Downside, in 1849, where he died Nov. 15, 1850,
aged 84.
12. Rev. James Lancaster, deacon, professor of music, born
in Lancashire, in 1765 ; escaped Oct 12, 1793 ; ordained priest at
York in Dec, 1793 ; missionary at Chester, had his leg amput
ated, went to Blackbrook, 1820-3, and died at Chester, Oct 8,
1827, aged 62.
13. Rev. John Lee, deacon professor of syntax ; escaped Oct.
12,1793; ordained priest at Old HaU Green; mis.sionary at
Warwick-street, London; died July 13, 1839, aged 71.
14. George Simpson, layman, writing master; left Aug. 4,
1793, yet his name appears in the list of prisoners at Dourlens.
SCHOOL OF DIVINITY.
1 5. Rev. Wm. Davies, 4th year, deacon, born at Usk, in Wales ;
left Aug. 5th, 1793; ordained priest in England; missionary at
Chepstow till 1805, Dartmouth till 18 14, and died at Chepstow,
Dec. 30, 1 8 14.
16. Rev. Wm. Croskell, 3rd year, deacon, born at Bulk,
Lancashire ; liberated Feb. 25, 1795 ; ordained priest at York,
Apr. 18, 1795 ; missionary at Linton, chaplain at The Bar
Convent, York, again on the mission at Linton, and Durham,
where he died, Feb. 19, 1838, aged 70. V.G. Northern District
17. Rev. Thomas Berry, 3rd year, sub-deacon, native of

132 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
Lancashire; Uberated Feb. 25, 1795; ordained priest at Crook
Hall, Apr. i, 1797 ; 'missionary at Culcheth, Ince Blundell,
Cottam, 1826 till 184S, and Great Crosby, where he died in 185 1.
18. Rev. Robert Blacow, 3rd year, sub-deacon, native of
Mowbreck, Lancashire; escaped Nov. 24, 1793 ;. taught in Rev.
Arthur Storey's School at Tudhoe ; ordained priest at Crook
Hall, Dec 23, 1794; taught in the school at Scholes Hall;
missionary at Fernyhalgh from 18 1 1 till death, Oct 18, 1823,
aged 56.
19. Rev. John Woodcock, alumnus 4th year, born at Preston ;
left Oct 31, 1792; ordained priest at York in Dec. 1792;
missionary at Egton Bridge and Wycliff, Yorkshire, and Scorton,
Lancashire, from whence he retired four months before his death
at Newhouse, Feb. 12, 1837, aged 71.
20. Mr. George Taylor, alumnus 4th year, layman ; left before
Oct I, 1793 ; died at Bath about Christmas, 1813.
21. Rev. James Delaney, der, 3rd year; liberated Feb. 25, 179S;
ordained priest at Old Hall Green ; missionary for 19 years after
the Rev. T. White at Winchester ; died Nov. 24, 1847.
22. Rev. John Bell,alumnus 2nd year,born at Snaith, Yorkshire;
left, Nov. 8, 1792 ; tutor to the young Silvertops at Minster
Acres, then prefect-general at Crook Hall, where he was ordained
priest, Dec. 23, 1794, and was professor of rhetoric and poetry
there till 1817; missionary at Samlesbury, Lancashire, till 1828,
and after that at Kippax Park, Yorkshire, whence he retired and
died at Selby, May 31, 1854, aged 87.
23. Mr. John Baines, alumnus 3rd year, native of Lancashire ;
left Nov. 8. 1792 ; said to have married in France ; died in or
near Liverpool.
24. Rev. Wm. Beacham, alumnus 3rd year ; left Feb. 11, 1793 ;
ordained priest at Old Hall Green ; chaplain in Kent, where he
died, Dec. 18 12.
25. Mr. Nicholas Woodcock, alum. 3rd year, layman, born at
Preston ; left Oct 31, 1792 ; tradesman in Preston, where he died.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 133
26. Rev. James Worswick, alum. 3rd year, born at Lancaster ;
escaped Oct 12, 1793 ; ordained priest at York, April 18, 1795 ;
missionary at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, where he died May 6, 1843,
aged 72.
27. Mr. Charles Thompson, cler., 3rd year, layman ; escaped
Jan. IS, 1794.
28. Mr. Robert Freemont, alum. 2nd year, layman ; native oi
London ; left Aug. 4, 1793; pursued his studies at Old HaU
Green. 29. Mr. John Dowling, alum. 2nd year, layman ; liberated
Feb. 25, 1795.
30. Rev. John Law, alum. 2nd year ; date of leaving not ascer
tained ; ordained priest at Old Hall Green ; missionary at
Ingateston, Essex, where died, Sep. 6, 1832, aged 65.
31. Rev. John Lingard, alum, ist year, born at Winchester
Feb. 5, 1771 ; left Feb. 21, 1793 ; tutor to William, Lord
Stourton ; professor and vice-president at Tudhoe, Crook Hall,
and Ushaw College; ordained priest at York, May 6, 1795 ; left
Ushaw College for the mission at Hornby in Sept 181 1 ; D.D.,
1821 ; the historian of England ; died at Hornby, May, 17, 185 1,
aged 80.
32. Rev. Fris. Bowland, alum. 2nd year ; left in Mar., 1793 ;
ordained priest at Old Hall; missionary at Reading, Berks,
Eastbourne, and Petworth, Sussex.
33. Mr. Christopher Dalin, alum. 2nd year, layman ; left
Feb. 18. 1793.
34. Rev. Edward Peach,alum. ist year,nativeof Gloucestershire;
left Aug. 4, 1793 ; ordained priest at Old Hall Green ; chaplain
to Fortescue Turvill, of Bosworth, Leicestershire, Esq., for ten
years, mission er at Birmingham from 1807 till his death, Sept 8,
1839, aged 69.
35. Rev. John Devereux, alum. 1st year; escaped Oct 16,
1793 ; ordained priest at Old Hall Green ; missioner at White-
street and Moorfields, London, and died at Paris, Apr. 10, 1838.

1 34 THE HA 7 DOCK PAPERS.
36. Rev. Charies Saul, alum, ist year, native of Yorkshire ; es
caped Oct 12 1793; pursued his studies at Old Hall Green
and Crook Hall ; ordained priest at Crook Hall, where he was
prefect-general, and master of all under poetry ; missioner at
Cariislefrom 1798 till Christmas, 1800, and Bishop Thornton tUl
death, June 5, 18 13, aged 46.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
37. Rev. Richard Thompson, born at Wigan in 1772 ; escaped
Nov. 24, 1793 ; pursued his studies at Old Hall Green and Crook
Hall ; ordained priest at Crook Hall, Apr. 1, 1797 ; missioner
at Manchester, and Weld Bank, near Chorley, where he died
Dec. 30, 1841, aged 69 ; V.G. of the Lancashire district
38. Rev. John Clarkson, born at Grimsargh, Lancashire; escaped
No/. 24, 1793; ordained priest at Old Hall Green; missioner
at Ingatestone, Essex ; died Feb. 13, 1823.
39. Rev. Thomas Gillow, born at Singleton, Lancashire,in 1769;
escaped Oct 12, 1793; pursued his studies at Old Hall Green
and Crook Hall ; ordained priest at the latter college, Apr. i
1797; professor at Crook Hall; chaplain to the Claverings at
Callaly Castle, Northumberland ; missioner at North Shields
from 1821 tUl death, Mar. 19, 1857, aged 87.
40. Thomas Haydock, layman, born at The Tagg, Lancashire,
Feb. 21, 1772; left Aug. 5, 1793; pursued his studies at the
English College at Lisbon and at Crook Hall ; eminent printer
and publisher at Manchester and Dublin : died at Preston, Aug.
25. 1859. aged 87.
41. Thomas Cook, layman ; left before Oct i, 1793 ; pursued
his studies at Old Hall Green ; kept a shop at London awhUe.
42. Edward Monk, layman, a native of Lancashire ; escaped
Oct 16, 1793 ; pursued his studies at Old Hall Green and Crook
HaU; living in 1859.
43. Joseph Montgomery, layman; left Oct 20, 1792.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 135
44. Timothy Duggan, layman ; left Jan. 21, 1793.
45. John Hall, a Protestant, layman, left Feb. 11, 1793.
46. Joachim Oliveira, layman, left Feb. 21, 1793.
MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
47. Rev. Richard Broderick, a native of London ; liberated Feb.
25, 179s ; ordained priest at Old Hall Green in 1799 ; missioner at
Lincoln's-inn-fields above thirty years, and died Oct 29, 1831.
48. James Harrison, layman, born at Garstang, Lancashire ;
liberated Feb. 25, 1795.
49. Right Rev. Thomas Penswick, born at the Manor-House,
Ashton -in-Makerfield, in 1772; escaped Oct 12, 1793 ; pursued
his studies at Old Hall Green and Crook HaU, at the latter of
which he was ordained priest, Apr. i, 1797 ; missioner at Chester in
1797, and afterwards in Liverpool; consecrated, in 1824, at Ushaw
College, bishop of Europum, coadjutor to Dr. Smith, V.A. of the
Northern District, to which he succeeded in 183 1 ; died at the
house of his brother, Randal Penswick, Jan. 28, 1836, aged 6'^, and
was buried at Windleshaw.
50. Rev. George Leo Haydock, born at The Tagg, Lancashire,
Apr. II, 1774; left Aug. S, 1783; pursued his studies at Old Hall
Green and Crook Hall, at the latter of which he was ordained priest,
Sept 22, 1798, and was prefect-general and professor of all under
poetry for four years and a half; went to the mission at Ugthorpe
in 1803, Whitby in 1816, Westby in 1830; withdrew to The Tagg,
Cottam, for eight years and a quarter ; missioner at Penrith from
1839 till death, Nov. 29, 1849, aged 75, exactly seven days after
he had revised this catalogue.
51. John Canning, layman ; born at Foxcote, Warwickshire, in
1775 ; escaped Jan. 16, 1794; died in the East Indies in 1824.
52. William Lucas, layman ; escaped Nov. 24, 1793 ; pursued
his studies at Old HaU Green ; entered the army, and settled in
Birmingham.

1 36 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
RHETORIC.
53. Rev. Lewis Havard, born at Devynock, Co. Brecon, Apr. 12,
1774 ; liberated Feb. 25, 1795 ; ordained priest at Old Hall
Green in i8co; missioner at St Mary's, Westminster, till his re
tirement to Brecon, where he died at his nephew's, the Rev.
Lewis Havard, junior, Apr. 2, 1858, aged 84.
54. Rev. John Rickaby,born near Wycliffe in Yorkshire; escaped
Oct 17, 1793 ; pursued his studies at Tudhoe and Crook Hall,
at the latter of which he was ordained, Sep. 22, 1798 ; missioner
at Garstang, Lancashire, Nunnington, Yorks, and died in the
asylum at Manchester, Feb. 5, 1821.
55. Andrew O'Callaghan, layman, a native of Chester; left
Oct 21, 1792.
56. Wm. Barry, layman ; left Feb. 18, 1793.
57. Charles Sims, layman; liberated Feb. 25, 1795.
58. Maurice O'Connell, layman, born at Carhen, Ireland, in
1776; came from St Omer's College in 1792 ; left Jan. 2I, 1793 ;
entered the British army, and died on the expedition to St
Domingo. 59. Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator, born at Carhen, Ireland,
Aug. 6, 177s ; left Jan. 21, 1793 ; died at Genoa, May 15, 1847,
aged 71. POETRY.
60. Arthur Clifford, layman, born in 1777 ; liberated Feb. 25,
795, died at Winchester in 1830.
61. Rev. Joseph Swinburne, a native of Northumberiand ; liber
ated Feb. 25, 1795 ; ordained priest at Crook Hall, Apr. 3, 1800 ;
missioner at Hedon, Yorkshire ; retired and died at Hull, Dec
7, 1865, aged 71.
62. Wm. Stourton, 17th Baron Stourton, born at Allerton
Park, Yorks, June 6, 1776; left Feb. 21, 1793; died Dec 4, 1846,
aged 80

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 37
6^. Nicholas Kirwan, layman ; left Jan. 21, 1793.
64. Thomas Pitchford, a native of Norwich; left Jan. 21, 1793;
ordained at Old Hall Green ; missioner at Snaith and York,
chaplain to Miles Stapleton, Esq. ; died at York, July 30, 1808.
65. Stephen Phillips, layman; escaped Jan. 15, 1794; tutor
at the loth Baron Petre's ; married his daughter, Apr. 30, 1805,
against the wishes of the family, and both had to work for a
living. 66. Richard Davies, layman ; liberated Feb. 25, 1795.
67. Rev. Thomas Lupton,born at Poulton-le-Fylde,Lanca.shire :
escaped Jan. 16, 1794; pursued his studies at Tudhoe and Crook
Hall; ordained priest at the latter, Apr. 3, 1800 ; missioner at
Manchester, Newhall, and Garswood; died Apr. 29, 1843.
68. Lewis Clifford, layman ; liberated Feb. 25, 1795.
69. John Bates, layman ; escaped Jan. 16, 1794.
70. John Eldridge, layman; escaped Jan. 16, 1794; pursued
his studies at Old Hall Green ; schoolmaster at Birmingham till
death, June 13, 1831, aged 59.
71. George Aylmer, layman ; left Nov. 20, 1792.
72. John Frankland, layman ; left in Jan., 1793.
73. Edward Beck, layman; left Oct 31, 1792.
74. Francis Hay, native of Brittany; went to Paris Nov. 16
1793 ; ordained priest and on the mission in Brittany in 1817.
SYNTAX.
75. Rev. Thomas Dawson, native of Yorkshire; escaped Jan. 16
1794 ; pursued his studies at Tudhoe and Crook Hall ; ordained
priest at Durham from Crook HaU, Dec. 17, 1803 ; took
charge of the mission at Lytham in 1804, went to Croston in
1829, and died at Mawdesley, Lancashire, Dec. 6, 1832.
76. Vincent Eyre, layman ; born in Derbyshire in 1774; left
Oct 20, 1792; high sheriff of Derbyshire ; died in 1851.
77. John Smith, layman: left Feb. 11, 1793.

138 THE HAYDOCK PAPERS
78. Rdbert Dale, layman; left Jan. 8, 1793.
79. Rev. John Bradley, native of Lancashire ; escaped Jan. 16,
1794; pursued his studies at Tudhoe and Crook Hall; ordained
priest at the latter, Dec. 4, 1802; missioner at Yarm, where he
died Oct 24, 1852.
80. Rev. Thomas Storey, native of Yorkshire ; escaped Jan. 16.
1794; pursued his studies at Tudhoe and Crook Hall; ordained
priest at the latter, Dec. 4', 1802; succeeded Geo. Leo Haydock
as prefect-general and professor at the college; missioner at
Stockton, where he died, Sep. 13, 1822.
Mr. Haydock has preserved some lines written by one of the
students " On the ordination of the Rew. John Bradley, Thomas
Cock, Thomas Storey, and Robert Gradwell," Dec. 4, 1802.
Though meriting little praise as a poem, they may serve as an
illustration of the apostolic spirit which animated the collegians.
Appealing to his genius the youth commences : —
" The grief Britannia felt, O Muse resound,
When persecution stained her hallowed ground.
When irreligion held its ruthless sway,
And errors led her faithful sons astray.''
After full vent h.«'s been given to the struggling tempest of
Britannia's breast, an angel is sent from Heaven to soothe her
with tidings of Emancipation and the Restoration of Religion : —
"When this bless'd Isle once more, thy chiefest care.
Shall all thy bounties, all thy glories share.
When error bound in adamantine chains
No more shall blast thy ever blissful plains."
and addresses the young missioners with the peroration : — ¦
" O ! hail ye four design'd at Heaven's command
To be the saviours of your native land,
Your fame shall flourish in eternal day
And round your temples endless glories play."

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 39
to which some wag has appended : —
" Bradley as first, in stature so in fame.
And Cock th' immortal, no ignoble name.
Storey, thy deeds posterity shall tell,
And Gradwell, feared by all the powers of Hell 1 '
Grammar.
81. Rev. John Penswick, born atthe Manor-house, Ash ton-in-
IMakerfield; liberated Feb. 25, 1795 ; ordained at Durham from
¦Crook HaU, Dec 17, 1803 ; missioner at Birchley, Lancashire,
Jan., 1804, till Mar., 1849, when he retired to Garswood, and
died Oct 30, 1864, aged 86, the last survivor of the Douay
¦collegians. 82. Thomas Bray, layman ; remained at the college, sick, and
¦died there Oct 30, 1794. '
83. Wm. Veal, layman ; escaped Jan. 16, 1764.
84. Rev. Thomas Cock,bornin Lancashirein Jan., 1774; escaped
Jan. 16, 1794 ; pursued his studies at Tudhoe and Crook Hall ;
ordained priest at the latter, Dec. 4, 1802 ; chaplain at Cheesburn
Grange, and Burn Hall ; accidentally drowned at the latter, Aug.
I, 1854, aged 80.
85. Matthew Forster, layman, native of Northumberland ;
liberated, Feb. 25, 1795 ; pursued his studies at Crook Hall ; died
in Northumberland.
86. Peter Flanaghan, layman ; native of Ireland ; left Oct 31.
1792. 87. Henri Boithamon, layman ; native of Brittany ; being a
Frenchman went to Paris with his brother Albert, no. 96, and
Fran. Hay, no. 74, Oct 16, 1793.
88. James Teebay, layman ; native of Preston, left Oct 31, 1792 ;
steward and land agent ; died at Ingol Cottage, near Preston,
Jan. 24, 1854.

I40 THE HAYDOCK PAPERS.
First Class Rudiments.
89. Lawrence Teebay, layman ; native of Preston ; left Oct
31, 1792 ; shopkeeper at Preston, where he died.
90. Vincent Oliveira, layman; left Feb. 21, 1793.
91. John Bulbeck, layman; native of Havant, Southampton;
liberated, Feb. 25, 1795 ; died at Havant
92. Thomas Brennan, layman ; native of London ; liberated
Feb. 25, 1795.
93. James Arkwright, layman; liberated Feb. 25, 1795.
Second Class Rudiments.
94. Edmund Costello, layman ; left Aug. 4, and died at St
Omer's College, Aug. 24, 1793.
95. Rt Rev. Robert Gradwell, born at Clifton, Lancashire, Jan.
26, 1777 ; liberated Feb. 25, 1795; being ill of fever, 9th Aug. 1793^
he was aUowed to remain in the college when the rest were sent to
Esquerchin, and thus was enabled to save the college diary,
which he carried with him when he rejoined the collegians ;
ordained priest at Crook Hall, Dec. 4, 1802, and remained as
professor of poetry and rhetoric for seven years ; missioner at
Claughton, Lancashire, from 1809 till 1817 ; degree of D.D. in
1820 ; rector of the Engli.sh CoUege, Rome, till 1828 ; consecrated
bishop of Lydda, June 24, 1828, and appointed co-adjutor in
the London District ; died at Golden-Square, London, Mar.
15, 1833, aged s6.
96. Albert Boithamon, layman ; native of Brittany ; went to
Paris, Oct 16, 1793.
97. Joseph Lopez, layman ; left for St Omer's CoUege, Aug, 4,.
1793- 98. Christopher Galway, layman; left Feb. 18, 1793.
99. Augustin Amarigo, layman ; went to St Omer's CoUege,
Aug. 4, 1793-

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

141

100. George Strickland, layman ; born at Sizergh Castle, West
moreland, Oct 23, 1780; left Jan. 8, 1793; died near London
in 1S43.
lOi. Thomas Murphy, layman ; born at Cadiz or London ;
went to St Omer's College, Aug. 4, 1793.
102. ]\Iichael Langton, layman ; went to St Omer's College,
Aug. 4, 1793.
Third Class Rudiments.
103. Joseph Fountain, layman; liberated Feb. 25, 1795.
The students were allowed by the revolutionists to bring their private
property to England, but that of the college was lost. The indemnity paid
by the French govemment to the English govemment, in 18 15, was retained
by the latter on account of its being Catholic property devoted to "super
stitious purposes." The money was expended in paying off the debt in
curred in the building and finishing of the Pavilion at Brighton for George
IV". when he was Prince of W.iles.

St. ©nter's College.
" The shade of youthful hope is there ;
That lingered long, and latest died.
Ambition all dissolved to air.
With phantom honours at her side." PVm. Robt. Spencer
In 1849, Dr. Gillow was engaged with his history of " The
Foundation of the colleges at Crook Hall and Old Hall Green
by the refugees from the English secular colleges at Douay and
St Omer's respectively," and in answer to queries on this subject
'Mr. Haydock wrote that he had no means of knowing what
passed at St. Omer's. He had heard that the Rev. Richard
Brettargh, a deacon only, died at Doulens — the only collegian
who died in prison ; " he was a great friend of my brother James,

142 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
who found his brother long steward at Trafford House." In
order to trace the continuity of Old HaU, we shall here intro
duce an account of the expulsion of the professors and students
from the English College at St Omer and their imprisonment
at Arras and Doulens, written anonymously by one of the com
munity. It was originally founded by Fr. Persons, in 1593, as a Jesuit
college. In 1762, the Parliament of Paris determined on the ex
pulsion of the Jesuits from France, and the English members of
the Society were doomed with their French brethren. The
college authorities, having information of this design, resolved
to transport their establishment bodily beyond the parliament's
reach, across the frontier of France, and the city of Bruges was
selected for their asylum. There they removed in August of
that year, and in 1764 the college buildings were handed over
to the English clergy. Thus the secular college at St Omer
was practically a new establishment The revolution nipped it
in the bud before it arrived at maturity ; indeed, it never pros
pered, although it possessed eminent men for its presidents.
The first president of the new college was the Hon. and Rev.
Thomas Joseph Talbot, D.D., who only held the office from 1764
to the time of his appointment as co-adjutor-bishop to Dr. John
Hornyold, V.A., of the Midland District, in the beginning of
1766. The venerable author of " The Lives of the Saints," the
Rev. Alban Butler, succeeded him, and. died at St Oj2.er, May
15. 1773- The Rev. WUliam WUkinson then became thethuil
president, and at his resignation in 1787, the Rev. Gregory
Stapleton was appointed to the office, which he retained till the
suppression of the college.
The following narrative is from a manuscript possessed by
the late Charles F. Corney, Esq., of London, who kindly gave
permission for its publication.
" The confinement of the different English famUies, at this
time resident in St Omer was looked for with anxious ex-

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 143,
pectation by certain malicious republicans, and every species of
artifice was consulted for its execution. This, however, was
attended with certain important difficulties. Some specious pre
text was to be formed to conceal its injustice, and inspire the
nation with abhorrence for these generous and benevolent
strangers, whose benificence it had so long experienced. All
Europe was to be deluded by some artful and ingenious contriv
ance which might palliate this open violation of the rights of
hospitality, and this was the plan they had determined to pursue:
" A certain printed letter was entrusted to a well-known re
publican which contained a long list of English who had en
gaged in a plot against the town. This was to be dropped in a
public part of the town, where some person might find and pick
it up, or, most probably, some person had been appointed for
that purpose, for it was not every one that would have disclosed
its contents; an aristocrat would have concealed them. Be that
as it may, the commission was performed with the greatest
punctuality ; the letter was immediately dispatched to the muni
cipality, the conspirator denounced, and measures accordingly
pursued. Among the persons in the letter, our chief professors
were ranged the first, and then came the names of the principal
individuals in town. Information was sent to Paris, and a decree
pronounced, to confine all the British resident in France. No
sooner was this decree received at St Omer than a troop of
between two and three hundred soldiers was dispatched to the
British houses in town. Mr. Cornthwaite, * our procurator, had
* The Rev. Richard Cornthwaite, a native of Lancashire, born about 1736,.
studied, and was ordained priest, at Douay, where he took the college oath,,
Dec. 27, 1760, at the age of 24. He succeeded the Rev. Thomas Talbot
(afterwards bishop) at Brockhampton, near Havant, in Sussex, when that
gentleman was elected president of St. Omer's College, in 1764. About
1779, he was appointed chaplain at Sedgley Park School, and after the
death, at Finchley, Sept. 28, 1782, of Mr. William Mumford, the procurator
of St Omer's College, succeeded to the office, and was of great service to.
the college in that capacity. After his escape to England, he settled at Har-
vington Hall, Worcestershire, where he died, Sept. ii, 1803 aged 67.

144 ^'^^ -^^ YDOCK PAPERS.
escaped some time before, and two hours after his departure
from Calais, t'ne marchaussee arrived there to confine him.
" Throughout St Omer, where the first arrests were executed,
the greatest silence and consternation universally prevailed.
The people were ignorant of the motive of all these sudden
transactions, and waited for the result in astonishment and sus
pense, when on a sudden they descried an English gentleman
taken out of his house by some of the soldiers, and escorted to
the town prison. In the meantime a large troop of about 200
entered our college and were sent with the greatest order to
their respective stations. The principal officers very politely
went up and arrested the masters ; the boys were forbidden
to stir from their seats, and the motive of these proceedings
was still involved in the same obscurity. I, with a number
of other boys, was at that time in the ciphering school ; our
professor was taken out, and two or three sentinels stationed
at the door. Some of our boys attempted to run cut, but
the soldiers immediately told us they would put the first person
to the bayonet who should venture to stir beyond a certain line.
And now the soldiers had performed their duty, the professors
were arrested, seals fixed on all their doors, and the boys
were ordered to the study-place. The masters were immediately
conducted, some to the French college, others to the town prison,
where they spent all the night in a miserable and dreary confine
ment with the greatest solicitude as the mystery was as yet un
disclosed. The boys after the space of about two hours were
allowed to move out into the garden, and began their recreation
as usual. Football was at that time the ruling game, and the
boys and soldiers played promiscuously together. The rest of
the day was spent according to custom tUl bed-time. The next
morning a number of the guards were removed, but some were
StiU detained to guard our college ; two cannons were placed at
each door, and all walks out prohibited. The masters were
escorted from the town prison where they spent the night to the

THE HAYDOCK PAPERS.

T4S

French college. Here each one was confined in a separate
room. All this happened in the parching heat of summer ; the
rooms were about three yards long and a yard and three quarters
broad. In these little cabins they were enclosed for fifteen days,
secluded from all correspondence, broUed by the scorching heat
and not allowed even once to stir out. The windows were ex
ceedingly small, and the guards ordered to fire at them if they
ventured to look out. Their repasts were brought round every
day, and I believe that bread and water was their only allow
ance. Be that as it may, their friends used to contrive, I think,
to send them something. After a short time Mr. Fletcher *
found means to discover the reasons for their confinement by
means of a newspaper, which another person, Mr. Brown, had
procured, who gave him the clearest information of every thing
through a hole in the wall. They were arrested, I believe, some
time in July [1793]. After the close of those fifteen days, three
commissaries from the national convention arrived at St Omer.
Amongst them was the famous Bellaud Varennes, who became
afterwards so conspicuous, and hauled down the despotic Robes
pierre from his tribune to the guillotine. He was attended by
citizen Neon, as secretary (at present the commissioned agent for
the care and superintendence of the French prisoners), and ordered
to search into this mock conspiracy and examine our professors.
The municipal officers conducted him to the prison, and the
masters were brought before him in their turns and interrogated.
Moral and political subjects were principally regarded. They
rvere asked what mode of education they generally pursued,
what sort of instructions they delivered on religion and politics,
what sort of principles they wished to infuse, were they attached
•The Rev. John Fletcher, subsequently D.D., was educated at Douay and
St. Gregory's, Paris. When the latter seminary was dissolved, he went to
St. Omer's college, where his great-uncle, William Wilkinson, had been
president for some time. Here Mr. Fletcher was a professor during the
whole time of the imprisonment of the collegians at Arras and Doulens, and
returned to England whh them, when they obtained their release in 1795.

146 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
to Mr. Pitt, and would they defend the town in case of danger?
To these different questions they replied with all their prudence
and ingenuity, and their answers were taken down in writing.
After this examination they were allowed a little more libeirty —
viz., to dine together, to walk about two hours a day in the
gardens, and different other little liberties. After two months
or so, five of our masters (for they were eleven in all) were per
mitted to return to us, and we received them with the most
cordial satisfaction. TiU this time, since the first arrestation
took place, we had been subjected to the tuition of five French
masters. This was the reason why they did not confine the
masters and boys in one common prison, and it is well known,
because they supposed that if a separation took place we might
easily be perverted and gained over to their interest. But in
this they were grossly mistaken, and our own professors observed
that the boys never behaved better than at this very period.
" That same day the French masters entered the house, bustle
and tumult began to break forth. Their behaviour was exceed
ingly obliging, but the French and English characters constitute
a distinction which can never be combined, never act in con
currence. We had agreed when they were first introduced to
study regularly two hours every school-day, but in those two
hours very little was done ; some ran out of the study-place,
others remained idle ; all was bustle and confusion. On recrea
tion days the boys used to form into different parties and run
all over the house ; when the masters were at one end of a
gallery, run to the other, and abuse them in the most insulting
and contemptuous language. Whenever a bustle became serious
the sentinels were immediately called forth (for they had re
mained all this time in our college), and the fear of incurring
their displeasure deterred us from hurting the professors. One
morning they were determined to punish us and deprive us of
our breakfasts, but all their endeavours would have proved in
effectual had not the guards come forward to their assistance,

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. I47
and driven us from the refectory, who repented afterwards for
their interference, and assured us that they would never come
forward again on a similar occasion. We found afterwards from
experience that they kept their word. As soon as we were ex
pelled the refectory we ran all together into the garden and
formed into two ranks. The master was parading before us quite
pale with fury ; the Marseillais Hymn was struck up, and those
parts where liberty came in, such as ' Libert^ Libert^, ch^rie,'
were sung in the most extravagant and exulting strain. When
ever the master turned his head he was kindly saluted with a
stone or two, while the guards were well acquainted with all that
passed. At last the boys thought proper to break up.
" When our masters in the French college were aUowed to walk
in the garden, we spoke to them over the wall that separated the
two colleges, and Mr. Stapleton* exhorted us to continue these
tumults, and encouraged us in our insubordination. Two or
three of the boys were allowed to visit their own masters when
their confinement was at this time alleviated, and one of these
boys happened one day to engage in a dispute with a French
professor of ours who happened to be in the garden at the time.
This was reported to the municipality, and all further correspon-
* Gregory Stapleton, son of Nicolas Stapleton, of Carlton, Esq., studied
at Douay, where he was procurator for many years. In 1785 he left to travel
with young Mr. Stonor, of Stonor, and when Mr. Wilkinson resigned the
presidency of St. Omer's College, in 1787, Mr. Stapleton, on his return from
Italy, was chosen to succeed him. When the collegians were liberated,
in 1795, President Stapleton took them to Old Hall Green, and was installed
the first president of that establishment upon its erection into St. Edmund's
College. In that office he remained till he was appointed vicar-apostolic of
the Midland District, and was consecrated bishop. Mar. 8, 1801. This ap
pointment was made, said Mr. M'Pherson, the Scotch agent at Rome, " as
a stop-gap, and to prevent the appointment of another person, whose ap
pointment had long been solicited by the Irish bishops, some in England,
and by Sir John Cox Hippesley." In the following year he set out for Paris
to attempt the recovery of the lost property of the English colleges and con
vents. At St. Omer he was seized with a fatal illness, and expired in the
inn called St. Catherine's, May 23, 1802, aged 54. He was buried in the
cemetery attached to the ancient church of St. Martin, St. Omer.

14 8 THE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
dence was instantaneously prohibited. We were asked one Sunday
if we would hear mass. A priest was proposed who had taken
the French oath, but we refused it without the least hesitation,
and they never once thought of offering us a priest a second
time. In short, the two months or six weeks we spent without
any mass, though the boys said their prayers very regulariy,
while the French masters walked up and down the church with
the philosophers.
" At last the famous day arrived when a few of our masters
returned after their long separation. What they called the
college council, such as the president and some of the most dis
tinguished professors, were still detained in their former confine
ment. The night before they came (for they arrived so late as
one in the morning) some of the principal municipal members
were introduced into the refectory, summoned all the' boys, re
proached us for our misconduct to the masters, and closed their
harangue by giving out these severe orders, that two of the most
seditious should be sent to the dungeon. This was no sooner
heard than all was silence and consternation. At last, however,
they were induced to pardon them after the most urgent en
treaties. As our professors were to be soon after introduced
into the college, they wished, I suppose, to preverit all miscon
duct towards the French professors before their departure, and
these Frenchmen sneaked off as soon as ours were admitted.
All the time that we were under their jurisdiction, scarce a day
passed without some new scene of disorder, and this did not
agree with the schemes of perversion which I before mentioned,
so that the municipality was obliged to dismiss them and return
us some of ours, whom we received after we had heard their
voices with the loudest expressions of satisfaction. These few
were restored to us about two months after their first imprison
ment From that time till we were all united in the French
college, one whole month intervened, which we spent in the
greatest quiet and subordination, so great was the change oc-

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS I4P
casioned by tlie difference of masters and dispositions. I have
forgotten to state that on the loth of August, that celebrated
procession day, our masters were nearly massacred ; so great
was the ardour of the populace for their execution that they
could hardly be restrained from entering the college. This is
really true without the least exaggeration."

5rije Btgtnnmfl of tJje dHrncral Entprtsonntcnt.
" Enjoy thy bondage, make thy prison know
Thou hast a liberty, thou canst not owe
To those base punishments ; keep entire, since
Nothing but guilt shackles the conscience." Zouch Towneley.
"About the 6th or 7th of October [1793], in the midst of our
nightly repose, we were awakened on a sudden and ordered to
get up. What is this for ? Why this bustle ? What is their
reason for calling us up at this early hour ? was the general cry.
The boys, however, rose with the greatest expedition. When
all were up and assembled in the dormitory, we received im
mediate orders to proceed to the refectory. But mark I we were
no sooner conducted to the refectory than four or five guards
appeared, who had been commissioned to detain us there till
further orders. What was become of our masters, no one in
dividual could tell. But a troop of soldiers had been sent to
conduct them to the parlour, and there they were all enclosed.
Their papers were examined, and after an hour or so we were
sent to bed, but our masters, I believe, stayed up. The next
morning a report was spread that we were all going to be sent
to the French college. As yet, however, all was in a state of
uncertainty. The boys were disclosing their respective wishes.
Some were desirous of remaining, others of being reunited to the

1 50 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
president, and the rest of the professors, who had been left be
hind in the French coUege when these five that I mentioned
were returned. All was bustle, solicitude, and perplexity. Both
boys and masters were, however, employed in packing up their
little baggage, but nothing could be taken out of the church,
and the chalices and silver plate were seized. At last our final
orders were received, and the matter immediately decided. The
students and all were sent off, bag and baggage, to the French
college, there to remain till they were conveyed to the prison of
Arras. Our present imprisonment was scarcely perceived, as the
garden we played in was as spacious as our own at the college.
The deprivation of a walk out was an inconvenience that at
tended our confinement, but which, however, we hardly felt
The gaoler was exceedingly good-natured in this respect. In
the midst of the greatest severities of the frost, though he was
unable to skate himself, he sometimes took them out, and left
them to skip about and enjoy their little liberties, whilst he
stood shivering in the cold, or at least was provided with a very
small fire which the boys had lit up with a few scattered sticks
and a scanty pile of turf. During all this time we continued our
studies and prayers as usual, but were deprived of the pleasure
of hearing mass.
" We had now been confined about eleven weeks in the French
college, when a commissary, called Duquesne, arrived at St.
Omer, about a week before our departure for Arras. He was
entrusted by the convention with the management of different
affairs. At last a day was appointed for the determination of
our fate, and if our pretensions to liberty were justly grounded
we were to be gratified with that important privilege. But when
they had at last adopted this happy resolution a member~of the
municipality named Damart rose up and interposed. The
measure was consequently dropped, and hence we may date the
first origin of our calamities. His reason for acting in so strange
and ungenerous a manner was this. A certain English friend of

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. \ 5 1
his had been deprived of his freedom by a similar interposition.
This little hump-backed dwarf, about four feet and three or four
inches tall, was affronted, and determined to gratify his resent
ment. No sooner, then, was our enfranchisement proposed, than
he rose up with the greatest precipitation, and exclaimed : " No,
my citizens, either all must be liberated or none at all ; " at least
he made use of nearly the same expression. That moment the
deliberation was presented, those that had been liberated were
again confined, and one man's resentment blasted all our ex
pectations. " This little niggardly fellow had made a very serious commo
tion on a former occasion. There stood two very high towers
in the French college, which commanded a distant prospect on
every side. These some of the boys were desirous of ascending"
and ventured as far as the top, where they looked about and ex
amined the different views. Some people of the town happened
by chance to perceive them, and it reached this little insignifi
cant coxcomb's ears. As a member of the municipality he
thought it highly becoming his dignity to take notice of an affair
of such importance, and came to the French college with all the
pomp of a magistrate, accused us of being spies, and sent the
guards immediately to the towers to seize everyone they could
find. Some of them escaped, others were arrested, and brought
before him. After he had harangued and reproached them, he
gave orders to send them to the dungeons, but after the most
pressing solicitations was persuaded to let them off. This fellow
was one of our greatest enemies and opponents.
" A short time after our confinement was determined upon,
even on the very day of its determination, a report was spread
that we were to proceed to Arras. For the space of about four
days we were kept in perfect suspense. The news at last
arrived, and the boys were flushed with the most gratifying ex
pectation. Our baggage was prepared, carts put in requisition,
an escort of horsemen assembled, and on Sunday we set off.

I S 2 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
Very few were allowed to take their beds ; I, with most others,
left mine behind. The day was spent in travelling ; towards the
close of the evening we arrived at the place of our destination,
which was the Orphelines prison. That night about a hundred,
consisting of the collegians and some EngUsh families, men and
women, were placed in a large garret without any straw to lie
upon. I slept in my blanket on the bare floor. A supply was
allowed the next day, to each a single truss, which lasted about
six weeks. For nearly three days we received no provisions. A
large jar of our butter had been stolen, but still we were pretty
well supplied with that essential article, and some bread which
we brought with us, otherwise we must have inevitably starved.
The national allowance was a loaf a day. With what little
money the college was supplied, they contrived to procure
something else. For the whole month, however, that we lived
in that prison, our allowance was exceedingly scanty. A small
piece of bread and a little cup of milk was our morning repast
For dinner we could sometimes procure a little scrap of meat,
but seldom above three mouthfuls. I remember myself eating
all my meat allowance at a mouthful. A little soup was gener
ally made, and brought up with our meat, but very little was to
be got. For three weeks together our dinner's provision con
sisted of a salt herring, some bread, and a few potatoes, but we
were often obliged to remain without a herring. For the two or
three first days after our arrival at Arras we lived exceedingly con
tented with a slice of bread and butter. Our supper meal was
the same as that we had for breakfast, a little bread and milk.
Had we been allowed a spacious place for recreation these differ
ent inconveniences would have been much lesS regarded, but we
were all confined to one little court (where the gaoler kept his
poultry, and a great number of ihe gens suspects used to walk
about and refresh themselves), and a little garden somewhat
bigger than ours at Isleworth.* In the court it was impossible
* Perhaps this remark may afford a clue to the name of the writer of the
MS.

THE IIA YDOCK PAPERS. 153
to play without offending the different people that were walking
about and occupied the greatest part of the space (for about 1 50
persons, French and English, were confined here), and the little
garden, which was also pretty well crowded, afforded very little
room for any sort of exercise or amusement But, notwith
standing all these disadvantages, our vocal concerts, which after
wards became pretty frequent, and our little jovial entertain
ments kept up our spirits and banished all solicitude. Those
alone were depressed by cares and apprehensions who were
capable of forming a just conception of their unfortunate situa
tion and the dangers that surrounded them; and our masters
were very sensible ot their misfortune.
" Desmaux, the commissary who came to visit our prison, be
haved with the greatest asperity, and always addressed us with
an air of haughtiness which was at that period the general tone
of republicanism. For those were the most honoured that be
haved with the fiercest brutality. The gaoler, apprehensive of
suspicion, affected an air of superiority, but discovered on all
occasions a very great fund of humanity. For every conveni
ence, even the smaUest articles that were admitted into the
prisons of Arras, the person to whom they belonged was obliged
to pay his toll to the gaolers, and this obligation they took care
to make use of to the best advantage, and committed a number
of extortions. *
" Such was the curious life we led in that prison. At last, after
repeated solicitations and wishes, orders were received for our
emigration into another prison, after about four weeks' imprison
ment in this. We set off immediately, bag and baggage, for our
place of destination. It was called the H6tel Dieu. This
prison was even worse than the former. In one respect, how
ever, it was preferable. The garrets were more extensive, and
afforded us a good deal more room, and the shouts of the people
round the guillotine could no longer be heard as from our last
prison. But these advantages were almost counterbalanced by

1 54 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
superior disadvantages. Our want of a proper place for recrea
tion was still more restricted. The places allowed us were a
pretty long narrow court, exactly like a street, where the differ
ent English families that were confined in the same prison used
to fill up the space, so far at least as to deprive us of our romp
ing amusements, and a small church where it was impossible to
run about without exposing yourself to the disagreeable necessity
of mangling the bodies of the dead (for we sometimes found
scattered lumps of flesh), or of contracting some infectious dis
temper by the noxious vapours that might arise. Such were the
places allotted for our recreation, and who could conceive it?
The horrid Frenchmen proposed to appoint a dormitory for
the boys in that very church where all these inconveniences
were so much to be feared I In this prison we began to renew
our studies, which had been so long intermitted, and employed
our time to the best advantage. Our victuals in this prison were
nearly the same as in the last, with a little improvement One
day, however, all the boys, except some of the little ones who
happened to procure a little bread, were obliged to fast till six
in the evening without the least refreshment, and numbers were
dropping on their beds in a state of languor and debility. At
last their dinners arrived, which consisted of nothing else but
some hot bread that was very unwholesome, and some light
watery French soup, which very few ventured to take, and with
a little cheese, I believe, and perhaps a scrap of meat
" It was in this prison, and the next, which I am going to
mention, that our masters felt particular apprehensions, and not
4 without reason. For one night, so we were informed, whilst we
were all asleep, a captain with a troop of soldiers was sent to
the prison to massacre all the prisoners, on a report that a con
spiracy had been detected. This -person was very punctual in
performing his orders. He went accordingly to the prison and
inquired of the gaoler whether he had heard of any seditious dis
turbance. " No," said he, and the captain immediately returned.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. i S S
That very night, had not the gaoler, who was a hearty sort
of a fellow, attested our tranquillity, we should all have been
assassinated in our beds ; and this he himself related.
" After a five weeks' confinement or so in this prison, without
any prospect of deliverance, and an endurance of nearly the same
hardships as in the last, we were ordered to get ready for an
other emigration. Accordingly, we set off with the commissary
Gilles, bag and baggage, in the afternoon, and arrived at this
new temple of misery. It Wcis called La Maison des Capucins,
because it had been a convent belonging to that religious order.
Here we were allowed the full enjoyment of a large kitchen
garden, though we were sometimes confined to different parts by
the caprice of an imperious committee, which was composed of
the most distinguished English amongst us, who were charged
with the superintendence and care of the boys. This committee
was appointed by the votes of all the rest of the English except
our boys, and a president was always selected. They supposed
that if the boys were allowed to vote they would naturally
choose their own president, and consequently preclude them
from all participation in this affair. The boys insisted upon
their privilege, but the president ordered them to be quiet, and
they complied. The best rooms were allotted to the English
that had accompanied us into this prison, and they lived very
comfortably during this confinement The boys were no longer
enclosed in a garret, but occupied the rooms below. Here after
the second night, we were provided with another truss and a half
of straw, after sleeping upon two, or one and a half, which we re
ceived at our first prison for about nine weeks.
" In all these prisons it happened of course tha;t if one advan
tage was enjoyed, it must necessarily be counterbalanced by
some proportional disadvantage. And in this prison our repasts
were even worse than in the others. Bread and milk at morn
ing and night as usual, but for dinner liver and old cow's udder,
bread and treacle, water soup — in short, a most miserable allow-

1 56 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
ance, and yet cow's udder was considered as a treat when meat
was so very rare. Our studies were also continued, our spirits as
vigorous as ever, and vocal concerts still more common than before,
although all music had been nearly forgotten in our last prison.
As we were singing ' Braves Soldats,' and parading through the
cloisters, the gaoler came up and stopped us, and gave orders ~
never to sing it any more. We remonstrated, and replied that
the words were democratical. 'The words are democratical,'
said he, ' but the tune is aristocratical, and I forbid you to sing
it any longer. Sing what you please provided you don't sing
that' " A little time before we left this place for Doulen.s, a curious
affair took place, that inspires a very just conception of the base
and niggardly dispositions of the republicans. The gaolers who
had been apprised of our future departure proposed a deep con
certed scheme for dividing the gardens among the English.
Each one was to pay six livres in ready money for his separate
allotment for three months. All was agreed to, the money was
paid, and a few days after we were sent to Doulens, and the
F"renchmen enjoyed the sweet fruits of this perfidy ; another
instance of national generosity.
" The day before we set off, the Frenchmen very liberally pro-
.posed to furnish our dinner at the national expense. Dinner
was accordingly served up. The soup was brought upon the
table, tasted, and sent off. Then came up a mixture of livers,
lights, and I don't know what, all jumbled and hashed together
in such a slop that no one would eat them, notwithstanding all
their hunger and distress, but left everything but their bread,
which all enjoyed. We wished and wished again for no more
national dinner.s, and our wishes were fulfilled, for the next day
we were sent in waggons to Doulens, after a month's confine
ment here, and about three months and a half at Arras, that
ever memorable seat of our sufferings, for as long as we remained
there our lives were in continual danger.

THE HAYDOCK PAPERS. it,7
"The day we set off for Doulens, which, however, I by no
means desired, as I conceived that our prison was preferable to
any other we might possibly meet with, fifteen people were
ordered to the guillotine. Another instance of French kindness ;
Le Bon, the governor of Arras, ordered the waggons to be con
ducted round the guillotine, at the moment the executions were
to have taken place, in order to daunt our courage, to give us
some faint idea of the operations of that wonderful machine,
and to leave us this last legacy of his kindness and affection.
The master of the horse rode up with great fury to hasten our
departure, confined us all within our ranks, and conducted us
from our door round the market-place, but very fortunately
these miserable victims had been executed a moment before,
and we returned, after taking the tour and viewing this sur
prising machine, to the very door from which we had set off.
We then began to proceed on our journey, accompanied by
a small escort of cavalry. We arrived at Doulens about eleven
o'clock at night, and advanced immediately to the capital, where
the Douay collegians were imprisoned. This citadel stands in a
very conspicuous situation, and commands a most delightful
prospect Here, there were sufficient rooms for every sort of
recreation, as the platform is very spacious. When we came
here we found no room, no place whatsoever prepared for our
reception ; the house where the Douay collegians were confined
was shut up on every side, and each of us began to think of sleeping
on the ground. I myself was excessively cold and fatigued
and cared very little where I slept. At last the Douatians were
awakened, informed who we were, and opened their door to us
with the greatest hospitality. But all their hospitality was
incapable of providing us with better lodgings than a garret
about as long as the length of this house,* but not near so broad.
* This refers to the house in which the writer of the narrative was
residing at the time of writing. The collegians arrived at Doulens in
May, 1794.

1 5 8 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
In this little place fifty boys were jumbled together, and obliged
for that night to wrap themselves in their blankets on the bare
floor. This garret was preferable, however, in some respects to
the others we had been confined in. The windows were more
numerous in proportion, as there were five in this garret, and
only five in our first garret at Arras, where about one hundred
people were lodged, and about three in the second, where
between thirty and forty were confined. Here, then, we were
left unprovided with straw for the first night The next day we
received a very good supply about a truss-and-a-half a piece-
Our meals were far better provided, and the bread was exceed
ingly good in general, though for three weeks it was quite purple
and unhealthy, and many suffered very severely from pulssian.
The milk was remarkably good, but we seldom got sufficient for
breakfast and supper. At dinner the meat that was served up was
also very good, and always enough for myself, though numbers
of others were not so soon contented.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 159
WUz '§ttmz.
" TjTnes go by tumes, and chaunces change by course,
From foule to fayre, from better happ to worse." Fr. Robt. SoxdJvwell.
"The garret at Dourlens made the place excessively disagree
able. It was always the custom to separate our apartments
by hanging curtains from the beams that spread across the
room. These in the scorching heat of summer rendered the
place rather more offensive than it would otherwise have been,
and the parching rays of the sun, which were all day beating
against the roof, warmed it very nearly as mnch as the hottest
stove. But this was one of our smaUest inconveniences. If you
happened to awake in the night it was almost impossible to
recover your sleep, so tortured you were with fleas. My shirt,
which I used to change now and then (I don't recollect how
often), was after two nights spotted all over with blood. In this
citadel, and in this garret, we remained for three months. One of
our professors* died with a putrid fever, and the boy that I
slept next to was infected with the same distemper, which, how
ever, I was so fortunate as to escape.
" About two months after our present confinement, we sent a
• The Rev. Richard Brettargh, was a son of Mr. Richard Brettargh, of
Ince, CO. Lancaster, the representative of the junior branch of the
Brettarghs of Brettargh Holt, in Little Woolton, near Liverpool. He was
bom at Ince, June 21, 1765, and after a preliminary education, in all
probability at the Rev. Simon George Bordley's school at Aughton, was sent
to St. Omer's College, where he was ordained deacon and appointed a
professor. He died on June 24, 1794, and his body was buried in the public
cemetery outside Doulens, none of his friends being permitted to accom
pany it to the grave.

l6o THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
petition to Robespierre, which was composed by one of the boys
and entreated for release ; but all to no purpose, for we never
received an answer. Not long after we were informed of his
death, which delivered us in a great measure from our anxieties
and apprehensions. Indeed, it was generally supposed that all
would have perished within a week, if the death of this tyrant
had not occurred to cheer up our languishing spirits and animate
our hopes.
" A short time after his death, having remained about three
months in this citadel, we were sent off to the other, where we
were all more comfortably situated, as the soldiers' barracks had
been prepared for our habitation. But no new provision of
straw was allowed, and for half a year I was obliged to be
content with two trusses, which became as hard almost as the
floor itself. My rough sharp pointed books, shirts, and other
little baggage, served as a pillow. Every morning we were
called out to the roll, as usual in the last citadel, and we found
this upper citadel in many respects more pleasant than the
lower. Our rooms were more comfortable, and the play-ground
more extensive, but the prospect rather more confined. When
ever any English prisoners arrived, all communication was
prohibited, though this privilege was allowed in the begin
ning. " At last, after three months' confinement in this citadel, that
made our total imprisonment at Doulens amount to six entire
months, we were gratified with the pleasant and unexpected
news of our return to St Omer, which was at last to terminate
our memorable imprisonment. We set out from St Omer about
the beginning of January, and returned about the latter end or
beginning of October [1794].
"After the death of the tyrannical Robespierre, the com
missioners and magistrates in all the departments were
succeeded by persons of more moderate dispositions. Bertier
was appointed governor of that country which included the

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS i6i
town and territory of St Omer. To him we addressed a
petition for our return, and he was so kind as to comply with
our request A wealthy farmer, who lived in the suburbs of St.
Omer, was so kind as to provide us with waggons for our retum,
and on that happy day we bid the most gratifying farewell of
our lives to this last of prisons after our professors had embraced
the commander of the town, who had formerly been a pedlar,
and treated them with this familiarity because he had been put
in possession of all the pots, pans, and rusty goods, which we
had left behind.
" When we came to St Omer we returned to the French
college, for ours had been converted into a military hospital.
After sleeping here for two nights on the bare floor, the district
supplied us with books, beds, and every convenience of that
description, and we lived very comfortably. At last our pre
sident set off to Paris, and obtained a decree for our return to
England after we had remained about a week in suspense and
expectation. As soon as the wished-for news arrived, all was
singing and exultation. Everybody received a new suit of
clothes, for in prison we were covered with rags, and universal
happiness prevailed. When our president returned to St. Omer we
set off immediately (so great were our apprehensions lest the
decree might be retracted), and arrived at Dover after a ten
hours' fatiguing passage." Fecit anonymus.
* When the collegians returned to St. Omer in the latter part of October,
1794, they were sixty-four in number. The president, Mr Stapleton,
¦watched every opportunity to avail himself of favourable circumstances,
and at last obtained a passport with leave to go to Paris with a petition
signed by every individual of his College, of Douay College, and of the
English Benedictine College at Douay, for permission to return to England,
which was granted. On St. Chad's Day, Mar. 2, 1795, he, with the gentle
men and scholars of St. Omer's, President Daniel, with the gentlemen and
students of Douay College, and Dom James Jerome Sharrock, Prior of St.
Gregory's, Douay, with his community, arrived at Dover. The president
with a number of the St. Omerians went to Old Hall Green ; the Douay
L

1 62

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 163

©III l^all ffiwm.
" Within this doister'd calm retreat.
Where sacred science loves to fix her seat.
How did their moments tranquil wing their flight
In elegant delight J " Anon.
In a letter to his brother James, at Trafford House, near
Manchester, dated Old Hall Green, Wednesday, Dec. 19, 1793,,
George Leo Haydock writes — ^"I departed from ye Tagg
Nov. 28th, in company with our servant Richard, and arrived
about I o'clock at ye house of Mr. Penswick, who lives near
Garswood, 26 miles from our habitation.* We set off about
6 o'clock on horseback, and came in quite d propos for dinner,
which was served up with great magnificence, and at 4 Richard
returned homewards. No particularsworth notice occurred in our
journey. I was exceedingly well treated during my stay at
Garswood, so that after 3 or 4 days I was almost as much
grieved to quit as to leave ye Tagg; almost, I say, for one
circumstance gave me occasion of a short sorrow which I will
collegians were scattered amongst their homes, Crook Hall, and Old Hall
Green ; and the Benedictine College settled at Acton Burnell, Salop, the
seat of Sir Edward Smythe, Bart.
* Thomas Penswick was agent to the Gerard family of Bryn, in which
office he was succeeded by his eldest son Randal. His second son, Thomas,
became V. A. of the Northern District, and John, the third son, was the
last survivor of the Douay collegians. They were descended from Thomas
Penswick, of Great Eccleston, in the Fylde, who, by his wife Ellen, had a
son Wilham. The latter, by Grace his wife, a member of the old Catholic
family of Johnson of Lea, was the father of the Rev. Thomas Penswick,
ordained priest at the English College, Rome, who was chaplain at Hard-
wicke, near Hartlepool, the seat of the Maire iaxaily, when the mansion was
attacked by a no-popery mob in 1746. His younger brother, Randal
Penswick, was father to Thomas Penswick, the agent to the Gerards, who
resided at the manor-house in Ashton-in-Makeriield.

1 64 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
now explain to you. We had proposed to repair to Old Hall
Green, according to ye commands of ye Rt Rev. Bp. Gibson,
in a post-chaise, provided some other of ye Douay refugees
would join us. Ye person we at first expected was Thomas
Gillow, but receiving information from Mr. Jo. Orrel that he did
not propose setting off before he had received orders from ye
Bp., Thomas Penswick rode that afternoon to see if he could
prevail with Mr. Monk to bear us company, but not finding him
within, he left word for him to come if he thought proper ye day
following. Accordingly he arrived towards ye evening of
Sunday ye ist of Advent, quite prepared, yet he had not
received orders from the Bp., so that Mr. Penswick advised him
by no means to proceed. He returned therefore about eight
o'clock without taking anything for supper, and ye day following
came again with a request on Mr. Penswick to defray ye
expenses of his journey, and he should be shortly repaid, which
he refused to do lest ye blame should be laid upon him if Bp.
Gibson designed him for some other place. Upon this second
disappointment he seemed little pleased, and being pressed to
sit down to dinner, absolutely excused himself." . . , Unfortun
ately a portion of the letter is here torn off. It continues under
an original sketch, by the writer, of Old Hall and Douay
College. " The regulations we here observe are not quite settled on a
firm foundation, so that I can only inform you of some par
ticulars. We rise at 6 o'clock, go to church at ye half hour,
and meditate out of Bp. Challoner in ye same manner as during
ye retreat at Douay. At 7 study divinity, till 8, when we all
repair to hear prayers, or Mass, with the boys, who do not bear
us company in ye aforesaid meditation. At a quarter to 9,
breakfast, of milk and bread (tea on fasting days), study till I,
when a dinner equal to what we had at Douay saltim is served
up. I had forgot that at half-past 1 1 we are to repair to school
after ye Epiphany — Mr. Coombs, our master, who only came

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 1 65
down with the bishop last Monday, having a desire to go as far
as Bath to see his relations. This day, he and Bp. Douglas
examined us all on ye gospel of St Matthew, but in fact rather
answered himself than asked us questions. He is a person of
a most amiable character, and seems to deserve ye love of
every one. He informed us that Mr. Potier (a man as good and
agreeable as himself) was to be our head superior, and Mr.
Coombs ye second in authority and respect. After dinner we
play till 3, go to school at 5, till 6, then common prayers for
half-an hour, supper at 8, music for half-an-hour to prepare for
ye church, where we have sang ye oflfices and masses since our
arrival here, to ye great satisfaction of ye auditors. At 10 we
go to bed in ye dormitory, for we have no better accommodations,
and, indeed, we may think well to have so good, when we con
sider ye sufferings our friends undergo at Doulens, where they
have only a little straw to sleep on, and are forced to cover
themselves with their old tattered coats, which now scarce
defend them from ye injuries of ye weather. This description
we have received from Mr. Blacow, who effected his escape by
means of a rope, down a high wall of about 38 feet, together with
Mr. Thomson of Wigan, Clarkson and Lucas, who remained at
Louvain. What had become of us had we remained till now, or
according to your designed advice gone to Louvain ? Though
I know not whether in effect it had not been better, for my
sister seems to think that she could procure us some college in
those parts, by means of Mr. Catrow, for what we can easily
give. I received her kind letter two days before I left Tagg, as
likewise one from Mr Varley in answer to one we had sent him
to settle matters. The sum we had to pay was £24 los. od.
with ye pensions included. The reason I set off from home so
suddenly was because I heard from Mr. Orrel (whom I saw at
Mr Banister's) that Penswick intended setting off to Old Hall
Green, Thursday, ye 28 of Nov, unless I came, or sent a
letter, which at that time I thought not proper to do as not

1 66 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
knowing ye resolutions of parents, friends, and especially Mr.
Lund, whose advice I asked ye day before I set off, and upon
his answer took my measures accordingly, viz., to make a stay
at Old-Hall Green tiU such times as I could procure a place at
Lisbon or Valladolid, or, which seems more to coincide with my
ideas, at Rome. Whithersoever I intend going at present
is not so firmly resolved upon but that your advice may
alter ye scales, or if Old-Hall Green be more agreeable and con
venient at Spring, here I may perhaps take up my abode.
' Ne puisje ici fixer ma course vagabonde, et connu de vous
seul ignorer tout monde.' The pension I have here to pay is as
yet unknown to me, but I suppose it will not be as much as at
Douay, considering that we have no pocket money or clothes
allowed us. But I intend before long to get information of ye
truth in this particular. I heard Mr. Banister's letter from Bp.
Gibson in which were contained questions whether I and
Thomas intended to proceed to Old-Hall Green and whether we
were in a condition to pay one whole pension betwixt us, if so
he promised himself to pay ye other till such time as he had
received an answer from ye Pope. Upon which Mr. Banister
wrote him word that he believed I intended going forward, but
witli regard to Thomas he had taken another way. Soon after
his lordship sent to Mr. Thomas Penswick a congratulary letter
with orders for him and Mr. Geo. Haydock to repair as soon as
possible to ye place aforesaid, from which I gather that he will
make up for all deficiencies. This is ye opinion of Messrs. Bani
ster and Orrel. I must now draw to a conclusion, being fully
persuaded and conscious of performing my utmost for your
satisfaction. We are 12 divines in number, 10 from Douay, I
from Lisbon, and another from Rome. He goes under ye name
of Mr. Freen, and has informed me of several particulars relating
to ye English college in those parts, which tho' they receive not
my entire approbation, yet they appear not in those horrid
colours in which it has always been painted. Ye 'greatest defect

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 167
is a too great satiety, or rather surfeit, of study, and a small
diminution of ye Douay liberties, which if my vocation remains
firm and secure I can easily bear up with. But of this I shall
inform you more in a short time. I have written to my mother,
as likewise to Mr. Coghlan, for whose service I shall perhaps
have occasion to procure a razor, &c., which I stand in need of,
for ye barber is here so exorbitant as to require 3d. only for
shaving, which will not long keep my purse in temper. Mr.
Potier is a painter of ye same turn as myself (I mean has learnt
without a master), and was exceedingly well pleased to see my
picture of Douay College. He offered me very kindly ye use of
his paints, &c., but if I think proper to proceed in this art, I
intend purchasing a box, &c. Sed finis sit. Compliments,
respects, and duty, you will give out as is most convenient, and
remember that I stand now in equal need of prayers as you pre
tended to do at Douay. I therefore beg and beseech you to
show your mercy and compassion on me as you do I make no
doubt on so many others ; pour into my wounded soul ye oil
and wine of ye good Samaritan, that at ye last day you may be
found instrumental in ye charitable office of procuring ye
salvation of a — dutiful, loving, and affectionate brother — George
Leo Haydocke — P.S. You'll excuse all inaccuracies and
defects in this letter, considering that I am forced to write in ye
hurry and confusion of a rumgumtious fire-.school ; and since I
had till this present moment forgot to mention ye petite larcenies
I have committed on your properties, I now ask your pardon,
and humbly entreat you to mark dov/n all such things for which
I am indebted to you, or for which I may have occasion to ask
you in future times, if perchance I should remain any while in
these parts. Amongst other things I desire you would set down
ye price of your breeches and ye great riding-coat I have made
bold to take along with me, which indeed I should not have done
had time sufficient been allowed me. A library is not as yet
quite collected to serve our purposes, however, our master is

1 68 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
hard employed about it ; for which reason if I should stand in
need of any book which may not be absolutely necessary for
you, I make no doubt but you will favour me with it I send
for nothing at present, for things being in a fickle and uncertain
condition, I am uncertain what to call for. I am just going to
write to sister Stanislaus, so you'll pardon me if I leave you with
a frajiernal adieu. Thursday : This morning a votive mass was
sung for our suffering friends at Doulens, Amen."
Mr. Varley, to whom Mr. Haydock refers, was ordained priest
at Douay, and for many years was agent for the college in
London, in which capacity he was highly serviceable. In 1776
he was elected a capitular, and dean of the English Chapter on
the resignation of Mr. Lindow. He was greatly respected by his
brethren, and died Nov. 27, 1806. His letter to " Mr. Geo
Haydock, with Mr. Banister, Mowbrick, near Kirkham, Lanca
shire," dated London, Nov. ye 13th, 1793, is as follows : — " Dear
Sir, — This morning I received your letter without date. I
suppose you have made your calculation right I find marked
in Douay book, ye 19th of August, ;£'lo IDs. od. paid you by me,
and £2 3s. 6d. for Mrs. Moor's account at Banker Wright's, total
;^I2 13s. 6d., which with your pensions makes the sum you are
to pay Mr. Banister for me, £2^ los. od. So that you will find
2 pence difference betwixt your account and mine. I was very
glad to see you arrive safe from Douay. The latter end of last
month arrived Messrs. Monk, Rickaby, Penswick, Gillow»
Devereux, Lancaster, Lee, Saul, Law, Worswick, and Coombs.
Mr. Coombs stayed at Louvain, but is safe. They left behind
them 43, all of which were arrested and sent to prison at
Doulens in Piccardy. Pray Go0 preserve them. Mr. Daniel
had too much faith in the French about him ; he has now time
to repent for not sending all away. I wish my nephew Stout
had bore you company. I beg you will say all that's kind from
me to Mr. Banister. I remain, dear Sir, your obedient, humble
servant Thomas Varley.'

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 169
Before proceeding with the description of the school at Old
Hall Green we will give a brief sketch of its history, including
that of its antecedent at Twyford : —
*' A Htel schole of Cristen folk ther stood
Down at the ferther ende, in which ther were
Children an hepe y-comen of Cristen blood
That lered in that scol& yer by yere.
Such maner doctrine as men used there ;
That is to say ; to syngen and to rede.
As smale children doon in her childhede."
Chaucer, The Prioress's Tale.
In the reign of James II., a school was founded at Silksteed,
near Winchester, of which the Rev. William Husband, alias
Bernard, was the master in 1692. Subsequently it was removed
to Twyford, near Winchester, where, in 1696, it was conducted by
the Rev. John Banister, alias Taverner. It was in this year that
Pope was sent to the school, and remained over twelve months
under this learned master. It is said the poet was dismissed in
consequence of writing a lampoon on his tutor, and was trans
ferred to a Catholic school situated close by Hyde Park Corner,
kept by another priest, where he nearly lost all that he had gained
under Mr. Banister. Some of Pope's verses were still to be seen
scratched on the windows at Twyford in Dr. Kirk's time. The
Rev. James Brown assisted in the school early in the
eighteenth century. About 1726 the Rev. Fris. {alias Ino. Walter)
Fleetwood took charge of the establishment, under whose regime it
was most successful. A curious pamphlet published in 1733, en
titled " The Present State of Popery in England," represents
Twyford as containing upwards of a hundred scholars at the
time when the author wrote, and says it was " chiefly under the
care of one Father Fleetwood." It was in 1732 that Mr. Fleet
wood resigned his charge in order to become a Jesuit He pro
bably carried with him to the Society the interest he had with
the scholars at Twyford and their parents, which caused the

, .0 THE HA YDOCK ,PAPERS
school to decline, and made it difficult, says Bishop Stonor, to
supply his place. His assistant master, the Rev. Joseph GUdon,
a priest educated at the English College at Lisbon, then taught
the school not only to his own credit, but to the great advantage
of his pupils. His death is thus recorded by Mr. Thomas
Berington, Dean of the Chapter: "We have lately had a great
loss. Good Mr. Joseph GUdon, master of the school at Twyford,
dyed on July 26th, 1736." A priest named Taverner appears to
have succeeded Mr. GUdon as assistant master, who ultimately
retired to Warkworth Castle, the seat of Mr. Holman, where he
died in 1745. On the retirement of Mr. Fleetwood the head
mastership or management of the school seems to have devolved
on the Rev. John Philip Betts, for it was he who applied to the
Dean of the Chapter for help, and received an advance of ;^200,
for which he gave a b'U of sale on his household goods and
chattels, dated Feb. iStli, 1734, n.s., to Mr. John Shepherd, the
treasurer. Besides this debt, the house was mortgaged to Mr.
Holman, of Warkworth, who possessed property near Win
chester. The pecuniary difficulties with which Mr. Betts had to
contend, added to the loss sustained by Mr. Fleetwood's retire
ment, caused the school to languish, so that it is no wonder that
the no-popery cry, raised after the Stuart rising of 174S,
occasioned the close of the establishment. Mr. Betts then
retired to Gray's Inn, London, where he had the care of the
clergy library, and died March 28th, 1770.
Shortly after the death of the last Lord Aston^ his residence
called Standon Lordship, in the county of Herts, was rented for
the purpose of re-establishing Twyford School. The Rev.
Richard Kendal, a native of Fulwood, near Preston, who
defended universaUy at Douay with Gilbert Haydock, to the
great admiration of all present, was appointed chief master or
president of the new school. It was established on the same
plan as Twyford, and like it was principally intended for the
sons of the Catholic nobility and gentry in their tender age.

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS

171

Soon after the marriages of the Aston heiresses, Standon Lord
ship was sold, and in 1767, the school was transferred for a short
period to Hare Street, not far from Braughin in the same county.
Here the accommodation proved extremely inadequate to the
wants of the school, and the Right Rev. Bishop James Talbot
first rented and soon after purchased the ancient manor-house
and farm known as Old Hall Green, about two miles from
Puckeridge. After making many improvements, and adding
considerably to the building, he opened it as a school in Oct
1769, under the superintendence of the Rev. James Willacy,
who presided over this growing establishmeflt until about the
year 1791.
In Mr. WiUiam Mawhood's diary, late in the possession of
his descendant, C. F. Corney, Esq., of London, we find the
following references to Old Hall Green. — "Sat 9 July, 1769.
called on Bishop Talbot, settled at ;622 per annum for my boys,
got his letter to ye master. Monday, 9 Oct, 1769, called on Mr,
Talbot, who says Mr. Willacy will be in town this day, and
retum Friday or Saturday next . . . Monday, 16 Oct, 1769, set
out for Old Hall Green with Mr. Palmer; dined with Mr.
Willacy ; left ye two boys ; went from thence to Baldock 
Wed., 8 Nov., 1769, Mr. Willacy of Old Hall Green called ; our
boys very well. Thurs., 9 Nov., 1769, Mr. Willacy dined with
us at Finchley ; went with him in ye even to shew him the way.
Tues., 5 Dea, 1769, our two boys' went to Mr. Willacy, Old Hall
¦Green, on Monday, 16 Oct, 1769. Wed., 9 May, 1770, paid Mr.
Willacy in full for my two boys' schooling half a year, due ye
16 April last Wm. ;^I2 13s. ijd., Charles, £12 16s. gld., total
jf25 9s. I id."
The two bishops Talbot, their brother the Earl of Shrewsbury,
the Earl of Fingal, and the chief of the Catholic nobility and
gentry, who were not at the colleges abroad, received the first
part of their education at Twyford. Now, at Old Hall, we meet
with the names of Arundell, Clifford, Petre, Howard, Bedingfeld,

172 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
Jerningham, Stonor, Dormer, Blount, Wright, Barret, and the
northern names of Chariton, Salvin, Clifton, Riddell, Haggerston,
besides the two Irish families of Butler and Power. Of its
habits and studies we may gather some idea from a copy
of the rules of Standon Lordship, which would doubtless be
framed on the model of Twyford, where Dr. Talbot had made
his own first studies. It was he who guided the establishment
founded by himself and Bishop Challoner at Old Hall Green.
Rules 4 and 5 enjoin on all school days a lesson in some
catechism suitable to the age and capacity of the students ; as ist
age, Douay Abstract with Mr. Gother's Instructions for Children;
2nd, Fleury's Historical Catechism; 3rd, Turberville's Abridg
ment of Christian Doctrine, with the chief master's approbation.
Another rule tells us that after the catechism lesson is said, each
scholar is to have his task set in English, Latin, or Greek, about
which he is to be employed till 12 o'clock. The masters were
evidently not all laymen, for another rule says that as soon as
the morning-prayers are ended, one of the priests shall begin
mass, so that there were other priests besides the principal.
At six o'clock the bell was to be rung for evening prayers, con
sisting of the Litany of the Saints, the Rosary or Bona Mors,
with the night exercise and reflection or meditation for the
following day ; " all which are to be read leisurely and distinctly
by ye ablest readers among the scholars in their turns." Here
we have an insight into the devotional exercises of the times.
The president, Mr. Willacy, was a native of Catforth, Lanca
shire, and was probably a relative of the late president of
Standon Lordship, Richard Kendal. Like him he received his
preUminary education at Dame Alice's famous school at Ferny
halgh, and was afterwards sent to Douay College, where he took
the college oath at the age of nineteen, June 29, 1757. There
he taught poetry and rhetoric, and was esteemed a good classical
scholar. He continued as president of Old Hall Green till
about 1791, at any rate his name appears as such in the Laity's

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 1 73
Directory for that year. He died at Canford House, Sept 25,
1805, aged 67.
The next president was the Rev. John Potier, another Douay
priest, born in the diocese of London, Sept 22, 1758. It is said
that he came to Old Hall, probably as assistant-master, about
1785. The school continued to flourish, without any material
alteration in the mode of instruction, or in the management of the
temporal concerns of the house, until the year 1793.
In tlie previous year the Bishops of the London and Northern
districts. Dr. Douglass and Dr. William Gibson, were looking
around for a suitable house to receive the refugees from Douay
College in case of necessity. After the seizure of the college, it
was decided that Bishopric (Durham) was the most preferable
situation, but owing to various disappointments in obtaining
suitable premises. Bishop Douglass, with the consent of Dr.
Gibson, directed the refugees to repair to Old Hall Green as a
temporary shelter. It was not then intended to interfere with
Mr. Po tier's lay-school.
We will now let Mr. Haydock describe the school as he found
it, and the accommodation provided for the Douay coUegian.s.
It is an extract from a letter to Dr. Gillow, dated Penrith, Oct
10, 1849. After describing a playful escapade of the divines, he
adds : " This, simple college trick had very important conse
quences. It displeased, as it well might, the Rev. Mr. Potier,
solicitous for his school, and the Bishop at London ; both
exceedingly good to us all. Only once we had to complain a
supper of some meat stinking, and we went to bed. We had
to much indulgence and liberty. I was quite content ; some
however, concocted a letter and Mr. Penswick came and per
suaded me to sign it. I think it would have been better if we
had all from Douay been together, whether in ye north, as we
supposed Bishop Gibson wished, or at Old Hall Green, where
there was land ready, given I believe by Bishop Talbot Since
we left there were too few for the church, and gents' and shop
keepers' sons proved rebellious often. Probably now they may

174

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

do better at both colleges. Old Hall Green was a House which
would accommodate about 40 boys, and perhaps 15 of us,
sleeping in a dormitory at first, and afterwards in a detached
house, used before as ye school infirmary, perhaps 100 yards
from ye great Hall, and nearly as far from a wooden building
intended for us tUl such times as a college could be made ready
in ye splendid gardens, where, not long after, one was erected.
I was told ye other night by Sir Edw. Doughty (who gave me
lOs. for our church) that Mr. Wilds was professor. He or Mr.
Bowland, or Dr. Lingard, might probably inform you of more,
if you cannot receive instructions on ye subject from your in
telligent uncle at North Shields (the Rev. Thomas Gillow) who I
understand was born in 1770, and was once appointed a bishop.
Mr. Cock, of Cheesburn Grange, is 4 months older than I am,
and was at Douai, once leading me to scale a wall for apples ;
and Mr. Th. Wilkinson, my master in rhetoric, may remember
as much."
In another communication to Dr. Gillow, who asked him if he
left Old Hall in consequence of a memorial, or round robin, sent
by the northern students to Bishop Gibson, Mr. Haydock re
plied, " I left in consequence of ye letter signed by Thomas
Gillow, Charles Saul, Richard Thompson, Thomas Penswick, and
George Haydock. 1 then seldom signed Leo, a name taken at
confirmation, 22nd September, 1784, as born nth AprU, 1774. I
do not remember ye date of this famous letter, which Thomas
Penswick, engaged me to sign, and which I have since regretted,
as Bishop Douglas earnestly wished to have aU united, and said
Bishop W. Gibson had agreed. When, therefore, Thomas Gillow,
Thomas Penswick, and I, went to London, hearing about
September that we were to , remove to j'e north, his lordship
called upon Mr. Gillow and me, and persuaded us to return. Mr.
Penswick had gone with my great coat home, and lost it at ye
inn in Manchester, and about Dec. went to Crook Hall. When
at last about that time ye students from ye north removed
tliither, I stayed at Tagg House, reading ye vulgate, etc., till

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 175
things were more settled. On ye 13 Jan., 1796, ye late Bishop
Robert Gradwell, my pupil at Douai, accom planed Thomas
Haydock and myself in a post chaise through Brough and Tud
hoe to Crook Hall, where we found a few, 17th Jan., and I gave
^"20 to Mr. Eyre, who said he had not received so much before,
at which I rather wondered. Edward Monk was not ordered by
ye Bishop to go to Old Hall Green ; he came to borrow money
of Mr. Penswick's father, who refused, but he followed us soon,
and got to be sub-deacon at Crook Hall. He found himself
comfortable, and would not sign ye letter. Neither did Thomas
Pitchford of Norwich. He was not from ye north, and of course
had not to remove, and was not in divinity. Being at ye fireside
with us, Mr. Saul jokingly talked about cats, that one could pull a
man through a pond. Thomas would bet none could do so witb
him, so there was a trial, and with a little foul play ye cat was
victor. This rough college trick made Mr. Potier fear his little
school would be hurt, and he complained to ye bishop, who,
next time he came, did not visit ye divines as usual. He said,
' I am affronted. It was beneath ye dignity of ye lowest Lan
cashire man.' Unlucky expression, as we were five from that
county, who along with Charles Saul from Yorkshire removed
as some were hurt also at their beds being taken for ye school
children and worse given, as I remember was done thrice to
Mr. Penswick and myself We were also placed in a house which
had been used for an infirmary, and for those in ye itch, etc.,
etc." In his letter of Oct 10, 1849. he describes the trick above
alluded to — ^"A cat with a rope fastened round ye middle of
Thomas Pitchford, who had Clarkson for a friend, giving him a
pinch of snuff on one side of ye shallow pond, while ye rest were
holding ye cat on a blanket, and I was ye whipper-in on ye other
side, actually, with some of their help, drew him through, while
he cried out 'I was not ready,' and for some time did not seem to
find out ye trick. Poor Thomas often took long walks to Bishop
Stotford and Hartford with me, and we got some chocolate, etc."
In the same letter he continues, "I could not tell you in my last

176 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
at what time precisely ye letter to Bishop Gibson was written,
nor to whom he sent his orders. I think they were communicated
by Rev. John Lingard to Mr. Saul, who probably received a
letter before from Rev. John Bell (stiU alive but off ye mission)
about September, intimating that we were soon to be removed,
so Mr. Penswick immediately, with your uncle and myself, set off
as I told you. The former got home ; we returned foi] other six
weeks, till ye bishops could come to some determination, and
then, in ye beginning of Nov. I think, having been 1 1 months in
Hartfordshire. I returned home till Jan. 1796."
In Mr. Haydock's first letter from Old Hall, he refers to the
Rev. Wm. Hen. Coombes, afterwards D.D., being placed over
the Douay refugees. He was professor of rhetoric at Douay,
and when the collegians were being conveyed in waggons to be
imprisoned in the citadel of Doulens, he succeeded in effecting
his escape, Oct 16, 1793. He was one of the ten refugees whom
Dr. Douglass conducted to Old Hall on the feast of St Edmund,
Archbishop of Canterbury, Nov. 16, and it was this circumstance,
connected with the peculiar character of the saint as a model of
a virtuous scholar and zealous ecclesiastic, which afterwards in
duced the bishops to adopt St Edmund as the patron of the
establishment when it was erected into a college. Writing to
Dr. Gillow, Mr. Haydock says, " I am sorry to hear Dr. Coombes >
is almost blind, and forced to retire to Downside. Even while
our professor of divinity he seemed shortsighted, but contrived to
call up Peach and me almost every day to answer, while he passed
by Monk, etc., at which I rather wondered. He told me I should
be a doctor, and they hoped soon to obtain leave 'to grant
degrees.' However, unless they be quick they will be too late
forme!" Thus Mr. Potier and his staff and Mr. Coombes and his
students worked on until the members of the two colleges of
Douay and St Omer were released from their confinement at
Doulens. In the meantime,says a MS. account, "as Old Hall Green
was prepared merely for a temporary shelter, it was not thought

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 77
expedient to lay out in providing additional accommodation a
greater expenditure than the apostolical spirit of the timesdecmed
necessary. As a testimony of the self-sacrificing zeal of these
great men it is only just to record what they deemed sufficient
to satisfy their necessities. A single room, and that of no great
dimensions, besides a portion of the attic, was the only part of
the house that could be spared for their use. The former served
for their refectory, class-room, and for the hours of relaxation ;
the latter provided a few with cells for the hours of private study
and repose. To accommodate the remainder a wooden barn,
almost attached to the Hall, was partitioned off into cells, which
the young men in their humour designated their coffins. To this
asylum flocked such of the late students of Douay college as
had been fortunate enough to effect their escape before their
friends were incarcerated in the strong citadel of Doulens, and
whose spirits were yet sufficiently steadfast to allow them tP
persevere in the purpose for which they had endured so much.
Here they assembled to the number of twenty."
The landing of the two imprisoned communities of Douay and
St. Omer, March 2, 179S, sent some more of the Douay students
to Old Hall Green. At this time there remained of the Douay
refugees, sheltered by Mr. Potier at Old Hall under Mr. Coombes,
John Lee, William Beecham, John Law, Fris. Bowland, Edward
Peach, John Devereux, John Clarkson, and Thomas Pitchford,
nearly all of whom were studying theology. Dr. Gregory
Stapleton, the late president of St. Omer, together with one of
his professors and about twelve students, and also James Delaney,
Richard Broderick, and Lewis Havard, students from Douay, re
paired to Old Hall. The establishment was now removed from
the charge of Mr. Potier, and placed under the government of the
late president of St Omer's college. Mr. Potier removed to
Puckeridge, about two miles distant, where he opened a pre
paratory school as before. In 18 12, he transferred his school to
Shefford, in Bedfordshire, where he continued it till his death.
Mar. 31, 1823. ^

17^ THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
"Itwas stUl,"continuestheMS.,"the intention of Bishop Douglass
and thesouthern clergy to unite with Bishop Gibson in establishing
a large college in the north as the filiation of or substitute to Douay
college. For this purpose, according to the Rev. Thomas Eyre's
narrative, ' on the 20th March, Sir John Lawson, in company with
the Rev. Gregory Stapleton (appointed head at Old Hall Green)
and the Rev. Thomas Smith, lately liberated from prison, took
a view of Thorp-Arch, near Wetherby, Yorkshire. ThiS house,
built as an inn for that watering-place, was considered by them
well calculated to receive all the students heretofore at Douay.'
It is consistent with this to suppose that Dr. Stapleton purposed
to carry on Old Hall Green as the filiation of the college at St
Omer, of which he had been the president, and from which the
considerable majority of his present subjects had been derived.
This supposition is confirmed by Mr. Daniel's assuming and then
formally resigning to Mr. Eyre the presidentship of Crook Hall,
by which he continued the line of the presidents of Douay in
that establishment. Again, ' Apr. 28, Messrs. Daniel, Poynter,
and Wilds arrived at York. They and Bishop Gibson went to
reconnoitre that residence (Thorp- Arch) of which they had al
ready received such favourable reports as if it had been erected
for the particular purpose of a college. All seemed disposed to
accede to the idea of purchasing it, if two or three preliminary
articles be agreed to, which it seems will be easily settled with
the explanations given by them.' However, subsequently, more
difficulty was found in determining the preliminary articles, as
well as the amount of purchase money, than was at first expected.
Accordingly the design of establishing two colleges began to
be entertained. The understanding upon which this was carried
into effect is indicated by the following transaction.
" We are informed by Dr. Lingard that on the 29th of June,
the feast of St Peter and Paul, Mr. Daniel, the late president of
Douay, who had been liberated from prison, came to Crook Hall.
He was in law proprietor of all the monies in England belonging
to Douay college. He came with Dr. Gibson ; on the following

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 179
day, Mr. Eyre resigned, Mr. Daniel was instaUed president, and
Mr. Eyre vice-president By this means the line of Douay
presidents was continued in the college at Crook Hall which was
exclusively founded by the late members of Douay college.
" Before the end of the octave. Dr. Stapleton, then appointed
over Old Hall, arrived. After long conferences, Mr. Daniel re
signed the presidentship to Mr. Eyre, and went away with Dr.
Stapleton. According to the testimony of the Rev. Thomas
Gillow, of North Shields, he was induced to resign the president
ship of Crook in the hope that in the event of the return of better
times he might claim by the title of President of Douay College
any compensation that the French Govemment might make for
the seizure of that property. He accordingly retained that title
till his death with a view to availing himself of any favourable
opportunity. As soon as he was able to retum to France, he
took up his residence in the house of the late English college at
Paris, where he resided till his death, Oct 3, 1823. He yearly
paid to Mr. Eyre all the dividends belonging to the Northern
District, the capitals of which were in his hands.
" The negotiations for the purchase of Thorp- Arch had now
been discontinued, and a determination come to of establishing
an ecclesiastical college in the south of England. This was
finally carried into effect on the iSth of Aug. 1795, when Dr.
Stapleton was formally installed by Dr. Douglass president of
Old Hall Green college, and on that day the work of the college
bega:r. Four days later the foundation stone was laid of the
present new college at Old Hall Green.
" A bishop by the altar stood,
A noble lord of Douglas blood."
Scott, Marmion, Canto VI.
" As Dr. Stapleton had been educated at Douay and removed
to St Omer, he modified, in drawing up the rules for his new
college, the constitutions of both of those colleges according as he
judged most adapted to his altered circumstances. He held the

1 80 THE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
presidentship till his nomination to the Midland Vicariate under
the title of Bishop of Hiero-Caesaria. He was consecrated on
March 8, 1801. He was succeeded in the presidentship of Old
Hall Green College by Dr. Poynter, the vice-president, who
governed till his nomination to the London Vicariate as Bishop
of Usula, in 1803.
"The assignment of so early a date, Aug. I Sth, 1795, for the
organization of the college at Old Hall Green may seem irre
concilable with the advertisement that appeared in the Laity's
Directory for 1796. That advertisement was as follows, ' Old
Hall Green Academy, near Puckeridge, Hertfordshire, 26 miles
from London, in a pleasant and healthy situation, is now under
the special intendance of the president of the late English
college at St Omer, assisted by professors of every science
capable of adorning the scholar, the gentleman, or the man of
business.* It is true that in the above notice the education of
ecclesiastics seems not to have been contemplated,, but it must
be remembered that the directory was, in those times, made up
for the following year early in the month of June, at which time it
was in contemplation to purchase Thorp- Arch for an ecclesias
tical college for the whole of England, and to continue Old Hall
Green as a lay academy. In the directory of 1797, the adver
tisement of Old Hall appeared according to its new organization
as a college.
" In this manner were established the two first secular colleges
in England, the one exclusively by the president and members
of the college at Douay, the other by the president of St
Omer's College together with a number of the Douay refugees.
Thus was transferred to the retreat at Crook in the day of her
own distress that great college, which for so many years had
preserved the remnants of the faith amidst the general per
secution, and adorned the church with so many martyrs ; whUe
the college at St Omer was perpetuated in the asylum at Old
Hall Green."

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 8 1

&i, iWonica'g ^riorj, i^otiftain.
" Convent sisters then departed
Forth to mingle with the crowd ;
Forc'd by tyrants, iron-hearted,
From their holy solitude." Sidney Johnson.
This convent of canonesses of St Augustine was begun on the
loth of Feb., 1609, by Mrs. Mary Wiseman and several other
English ladies, who had been professed in the priory of St
Ursula in the same town. With the approbation of the arch
bishop of the diocese, they purchased a building, and converted it
into a monaster^' in honour of the Immaculate Conception of our
Blessed Lady and of St Michael, under the title of St Monica's.
They received young ladies for education, which was the chief
means of their subsistence. Their chaplains were singularly
learned and pious men, of whom Gilbert Haydock was not the
least distinguished. Thus they continued till the disastrous
period of the French Revolution, when the Low Countries were
invaded, in the year 1794. With this brief introduction,
mainly taken from the Hon. Edw. Petre's notice, we will now
give Sister Stanislaus Haydock's account of the flight of the nuns
to London.
Sept. 8, 1794. " My dearest Sister — ? am ashamed of myself
for my past negligence in not writing to you or dear mother be
fore this. It has not, I do assure you, proceeded from want of
affection, for that would be an unpardonable piece of ingratitude,
which I hope never to be guilty of You desired to know the
particulars of our journey ; to comply with your request I will
inform you as well as I can. We left dear Louvain that lament
able day, ye 28th of June. We were forced to quit our beloved

1 82 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
convent, 47 (sic) in number; 21 nuns, 4 priests, 12 lay-sisters,
4 pensioners, 3 servants, and a young lady. We had 4 wagons
to be crushed into, so you may imagine we were finely crowded.
We came through Holland, and continued in our wagons till we
arrived at Breda, where we stayed one night and were very
civilly treated. From thence we went in a barge to Rotterdam.
I think our misery in the barge exceeded that of the wagons.
At Rotterdam we stayed a week, very uncomfortable indeed ;
thence we took shipping, which was going from one misery to
another still greater. We were not far advanced when, in a
dangerous spot, the captain got in two Dutch pilots who fan us
aground, where we were obliged to remain near a day and a
night with the ship very much sunk on one side, so that we
could not stand without holding by something to support our
selves. We had contrary windsalmost all theway, which prolonged
us near eight days on sea ; the miseries and distresses which we
suffered there from sickness, &c., were greater than I can
describe. We landed at Gravesend, where we rested ourselves
one night, being, as you may imagine, most heartily tired. The
day after we set off again by water for Hammersmith, where we
arrived all safe, but wearied out of our lives. We are here very
different indeed to what we were at Louvain. We are obliged
to be three or four in a room, very much pinched for place, and
many other inconveniences. However, we inust resign ourselves
to the will of God ; I doubt not but He will support us under
the pressure of our afflictions. It is the greatest cross He could
have sent us excepting being under the French. My dear, I am
infinitely obliged to you for your kind favour. I am afraid it
will distress you ; it was, indeed, particularly acceptable to me in
our present circumstances, for which I return you my most
grateful thanks. Mrs. Pendrill, Mrs. Dillon, Mrs. Woods, and
Mrs. Taylor desire their compliments to you and would be very
glad to see you. But what, my dear, do you think would be my
joy if such a thing was to happen. According to inclination

THE HAYDOCK PAPERS 183
nothing would give me so great pleasure as once more to see
you and dear mother, my uncles and aunts, friends and acquaint
ances. But that's out of the question, therefore, I must make a
sacrifice of that satisfaction. You will be very much surprised
to receive this letter from the hand of my dearly beloved George.
We have great reason to be content with him ; indeed, I must
say he has behaved most affectionately to me ... . At
Hammersmith we wear our habit and keep our order as well as
circumstances will permit, tho' not quite as we have been
accustomed to at dear Louvain. We don't rise at midnight, but
at 5 o'clock in the morning, which I find much harder as you
know I always loved my bed and do so still. Poor Sister
Miller takes the death of her father very edifyingly ; it was a great
affliction to her. Adieu to my nun. Miss Walton ; my love to
her if she lives anywhere near you. I took your offer of any
thing I want very kind .... I thought, perhaps, you might
have some thoughts of coming to see me, and tho', I do assure
you, it would be a true and sincere pleasure to me, yet I do not
wish it at present, because I could have very little enjoyment of
you ; it is not now with us as it was at Louvain. There we
could entertain our friends comfortably with lodging and board,
but not so now. ... I remain, my dear sister, your loving and
beloved — Stanislaus Haydocke."
Across this letter George Haydock wrote the following short
note to his sister ; — " Coghlan, London, Sep. 12, 1794. Dear
Sister Eliza, — your surprise will, no doubt, be very great to find
this letter come to you by ye post after what I told you a few
day ago concerning my purposed journey to Lancashire. But,
alas ! that pleasure was unfortunately snatched from me just as
I was on ye point of setting off, for his lordship. Bishop Douglass,
calling upon me, gave me notice of his determined purpose to
keep us still at Old Hall Green, notwithstanding ye four several
letters from ye north which alarmed us during ye space of two
days with ye news of a speedy removal. He advised me, if I

1 84 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
pleased, to return. In compliance with his desires I dismissed
ye thoughts of paying you a visit and went to forbid my passage
in ye coach, but it was too late, so that I was forced entirely to
lose a guinea which I had given, and so content myself to repair
again to ye barn of Old Hall, which is to be our future lodging.
You may think I am not well pleased, but yet 'tis better than if
I had come down in vain. Excuse my liberty of \yriting in my
sister's letter. — Compliments, &&, G. Haydock."

Efje Conbcitt at l^ammersmitfj.

' Such soothing influence reigned around,
I felt as if on holy ground."
Edw. Wilcock, Occasional Verses.

The house in which the Augustinian nuns found a refuge was
known as the ladies' school, established in the days of Bishop
Challoner, and under his immediate patronage. For many
years it was attended by the bishop's chaplain, the Rev. Joseph
Bolton, a native of the neighbourhood of Preston, who, after Dr.
Challoner's death, was appointed vicar-general to his successor,
Bishop Talbot Mr. Bolton was a great friend to the establish
ment, and was the author of a small pamphlet addressed to Mrs.
Bayley, the superioress of the school, entitled " A Sentimental
Letter from a Gentleman to a Lady." Mr. Bolton died Dec.
i6, 1783. Brook Green House, Hammersmith, was advertised
in the Laity's Directory in Mrs. Bayley's name, from 1 791 to
1818. Eliza Haydock was at school here in the years 1783 and
1784. The Augustinians remained at Hammersmith till the

THE UA YDOCK PAPERS 1 85
year 1800, when they removed to Amesbury, in Wiltshire, to a
house built upon part of the site of the ancient Benedictine
convent, but in the following year they settled at Spetisbury
House, near Blandford, in Dorsetshire.

Spfttsfiurg 3^ouSE.
" These Sisters, like our priesthood, with a firm enlightened zeal.
Devote their generous minds to God and human weal."
Etfw. Wilcock, Occasional Verses,
Sister Stanislaus Haydock has furnished us with a very rough
sketch of the convent as it appeared in the early part of the
century. For some time the Catholics in the neighbouring
town of Blandford attended the little chapel attached to the con
vent Afterwards a small chapel was fitted up in Blandford by
M r. To wsey, which was served for nine years by Dr. Pierre Moulins,
and on his retirement, in 18 14, by the Rev. Joseph Lee. On
Sep. 8, 1830, the nuns opened a new chapel, designed by Mr.
Peniston, in connection with their convent Reference to this is
made in a letter to her brother George by Sister Stanislaus
Haydock Dec. 27, 1828. "Rev. mother's respects, and desires me to
tell you that she does not wish to distress you by contributing
anything towards our chapel, as she knows priests have many
calls for their money. . . . We have had a sad advent. A good
lay-sister has received the last sacraments, but, thank God, is at
present better. . . . She is one that is very useful. We are a
very distressed community, plenty in number, but not many to
do much for one reason or another. . . . Adieu, my dear brother.
I hope we shall meet in a happy eternity, if not in this world-
I should be sorry to put you to the expense of the journey to
Spetisbury. Mrs. Preston, our superiores.s, sends her respects."
Written across this letter is one from Sister Catharine Bering-
ton. " Allow me to thank you (which I do most sincerely) for

1 86 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
your good will to assist us towards our chapel, and, in the present
case, I must request you will let the will stand for the deed, as
I know a good missionary has many calls for his money. I
never wished your good little sister to mention our building to
you, but she could not be satisfied without doing so. Allow me,
dear Rev. sir, also to observe that the community has never been
wanting in our gratitude to any member of your respectable
family for past donations. The names of your two uncles and
dear mother and sister, with their several benefactions, are on
record. Yours also will, in due time, be added to them, without
your contributing anything to our chapel. S 3 j^our little sister
need not be uneasy on that head."
In another letter, dated Spetisbury House, Jan. 24, 1831, Sister
Stanislaus says to her brother, "I have selected the enclosed
little emblem from amongst my treasures, which I feel much
pleasure in begging your acceptance of, only requesting you will
put it in your breviary, that it may occasionally remind you to
pray for your affectionately attached sister." This was the
picture of St. Monica which she had brought with her from
Louvain. " I was much pleased to tell our dear Sister Mary
Joseph Cowban tliat you had been drinking tea with her brother
(Mr. James Cowban of Westby, who died May 29, 1838, aged
62). She is, I assure you, a most valuable and worthy member,
much liked by us all ; the cloth is indeed good, and if you have
any in your congregation like her, we shall make them truly
welcome. Should you see the Rev. Mr. Berry, of Cottam, you
can tell him that Mary Crook appears to be going on very well
and happy, with my best respects. Mr. (Rev. Joseph) Lee
requests his kind regards; also Rev. mother and communit}'
unite in respectful compliments. I thought your seal very
a propos, and liked it much." She then refers to the illness of
Sister M. Frances and Sister Monica, and concludes her letter
with the following postscript : " I cannot omit just telling you
that we have had some little share of alarm from the mob having

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 1 87
been very near us, when they did a great deal of mischief. But
all seems quiet now, and we only suffered from fright I trust
it is useless to beg you to say mass for me on the 2nd, our holy
profession day. Adieu, Adieu."
For some time Sister Stanny, as she was generally called, had
complained of her eyesight, which was now very bad. On Apr.
2. 1839, she commissioned Sister Mary Paul to write to her
brother : " We have had a most splendid Holy Week ; all the
ceremonies in grand style, such as she has not seen since she
left Louvain. Poor Mr. Lee, tho' much better than he was,
cannot perform any of his duties — nay, can scarcely help himself
at all (he died at the convent, Jan. 20, 1840, aged 75). Dr.
Gentili has been with us since the beginning of advent He is
a very clever, pious, and zealous man — quite a saint — and I am
sure it will be our own faults should we not become saints too.
During our retreat, he preached to us every day." Appended
to this letter are a few lines from Sister Stanislaus — " I have
thanked Sister Mary Paul for her charity in writing this letter
for me. . . . We had most grand doings this Easter. Dr.
Gentili, all solemnity, and most respectful in the church ; he is a
good preacher, in fine, he is everything that is good and holy.
Pray for us that we may become such. Adieu, my dear brother."
fune 28, 1840. Sister Stanislaus writes to her brother ; —
" Now about our dear cousin Sister Philomina Lupton ; she died
May 23rd the death of the saints, regretted by her whole com
munity. They doubt not but that she is in heaven, dear creature.
She sent me two pictures, one of which I send you, begging you
to keep it as a relic for her sake ; the other, a beautiful one, the
death of St Stanislaus, which I shall not part with. Her father
and sister were at Stape HUl a little while before she departed this
life. ... A letter to-day informs us that Dr. Weedall is gone
to Rome to get off ye heavy burthen of a bishop's charge, so
your supposed superior may perhaps fail, tho' I don't think he
will gain his point They say he is a very clever man, tho' little,

1 88 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
like you, and timid  We have sung a Te Deum for thanks
for the Providential preservation of the life of our young queen.
Adieu, my dear George."
Feb. 2, 1 841. Sister M. Paul writes to Mr. Haydock for Sister
Stanny, who scribbles a few lines on the letter, though neariy
blind. " This 2nd of Feb., you know sans doute is her profession
day, and she was looking wofuUy about to find a charitable
sister to write to you, when I, not having a better present to
offer, offered her my pen for the occasion, and the more willingly
as I find you have not forgotten M. Paul. I hope you have
proved to their cash that (W)right's bank was the wrong one.
We (tho' happily, thank God, not very considerable sufferers)
have been inconvenienced by the failure, and ready money this
Xmas has been a very pleasant sight (in allusion to Mr. Hay
dock s remittance, and the failure of the Catholic bankers). . . .
She thinks you will not be able to collect enough to build a new
chapel (at Penrith), so thinks you must make the old one do a
while longer. But I shrewdly suspect that as you are on such
intimate terms with the great, you will besiege their hearts and
pockets to the benefit of your poor flock. I wish you success. . . .
Rev. mother and Mr. Calderbank present their compliments ;
they and the community are well. We have a stove now in the
chapel, which makes it very comfortable. Mr. Hardman of
Birmingham made us a present of it . . . How do you like
your new bishop ? Bishop Waring paid us a visit soon after his
consecration ; he has a niece who is a nun here."
Spetisbury, Dec. 28, 1843. A letter to Thomas Haydock,
Liverpool, from Sister Stanislaus, written by a scribe for she
cannot write herself on account of her eyes, with four lines
endorsed — " In my own hand-writing, but am obliged to trouble
others to help me. 2nd Feb. my profession day, the 6th after
my jubilee. Pray, for 1 always do for you."
fuly, 9, 1844. " My dear George, I suppose you have accused
me of neglect, but don't judge from what seems like it. I wished

THE HA YDOCK PA PERS. 1 89
to entertain you with some account of our good bishop. Dr.
Baggs. He is nothing tremendous as to the exterior appear
ance, but very amiable in his manner of conversing. Rev-
mother told him I was the oldest in the house, so he made me
sit by him in our recreation room, and said ' you are my grand
daughter.' He is low of stature, not handsome, all the beauty is
within. Mr. Calderbank is gone to Bath with him to bring some
of the bishop's relations to board here. The bishop is only 38 ;
he may bury me in time. I find old age comes on apace — often
tired with doing nothing. I am glad you have given the Tagg
the pleasure of a visit I suspected you would about the time
you did. . . . Have you yet fixed the spot for your intended
chapel [at Penrith]? Does Mr. Howard continue his former
kindness towards you ? . . . I have said my matins since pente-
cost, which is a great comfort to me. I renew our engagement
frequently. Do you the same, the 17th of this month, the
Soth year of our arrival in our native kingdom of old England
and our jubilee. Alas ! I am the only nun left professed at dear
Louvain. . . Have you heard of the wonderful conversion of
Captain Trafford ? I suppose one of ye sons that poor James
had to do with of that family. It's better late than never. . . .
I do not write to any one but yourself. . . The superior of
Stape HiU is dead ; pray for her and me. Adieu, Stanislaus
Haydock." [Capt Trafford was of the Norfolk family].
Sep. 12, 1845. M. E. Smith writes to Mr. Haydock : — " Sister
Stanny thinks it high time that you should know that she is still
in the land of the living, and that she is ' as well as she ever shall be
till she dies.' She seems to me quite as well as she was before
she was last taken ill, and goes about just as ever. . . . We
have been celebrating the jubilee of one of our nuns, Sister
Magdalen Howell. She is, I assure you, quite a brisk old lady,
younger than Sister Stanny, who remembered her a scholar. . . .
Probably you have heard that our bishop had a paralytic attack
in the very same chapel at Bristol that our late bishop had the

190 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
same unfortunate memento mori. Dr. Baggs is, I believe in a
very poor way, but at present somewhat better than he has
been. . . . Sister Stanny sends a large quantity of love to be
disposed of as you think proper, and if you keep it all to your
self, it will be quite right, for ' George cannot do wrong in her
ej'es.' "
Sister Stanislaus Haydock outlived her brother, George Leo.
She died at Spetisbury House, AprU il, 1854, aged 87, religious
profession, 65, the last survivor of St Monica's convent
Louvain. " Here she lies, whose spotless fame
Invites a stone to learn her name." Francis Beaumont.
Crooft l^all.
"Crook Duacensi positum colono
Sit meaa sedes utinam senectas.
Sit modus lasso maris et viarum
Militiasque." Lingard, Imitation of Horace.
On Jan. 16, 1794, eleven of the Douay students escaped over
the walls of their prison at Doulens. They arrived in London
on the 31st, and saw Dr. Douglass, but as the bishop could offer
them no refuge, they repaired to their homes. Five of them
belonged to the north, and Bishop Gibson very soon after their
arrival directed them to proceed to a lay-school kept by the
Rev. Arthur Storey at Tudhoe, near Durham. Mr. Thomas
Cock arrived there on Mar. 10, and was shortly afterwards joined
by Messrs. John Rickaby, Thos. Dawson, Thos. Lupton, and
Thos. Storey. Three of these had been taught by Dr. Lingard
at Douay College. Accordingly when he heard of their being
assembled at Tudhoe School, he obtained permission from
Lord Stourton (by whom he was engaged as tutor to his
son) to join his former scholars, and he was formally ap
pointed their teacher by Bishop Gibson. We leam from the
Rev. Henry Gillow's historical introduction to "The Chapels

t '

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X

O O

1;*

OLo

V

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 191
at Ushaw," that meanwhile the bishops were searching for
a suitable place to establish a college to receive the Douay
refugees, and on the sth of May, Bishop Gibson, in company
with the Rev. Thos. Eyre and Mr. John Silvertop, went over
from Minsteracres to Lartington Hall to consult with Sir John
Lawson and Mr. Maire as to what should be done. It was
decided at that meeting to apply to George Baker, Esq., of
Elemore, near Durham, for a lease of Crook Hall. Nevertheless,
on the 26th May, Bishop Gibson went to York again to consult
Sir John Lawson about the erection of a new college as a substi
tute for alma mater which he was fully determined to provide.
Thus a great part of the summer of 1794 was spent in corres
pondence, in consultations, and in riding about to various places
in the counties of Durham, Northumberland, and Yorkshire, in
search of a suitable house and locality. The neighbourhood of
Gainford was explored, the old mansion house of Newton Cap
near Auckland was visited ; another at St. Helen's, Auckland, a
third at Bishop Middleham, and a fourth at Hilton, near Sunder
land. Crathome, near Yarm, and Croft-upon-Tees, besides other
places, were also visited, but objections of one kind or another
were made to each of these places. The month of September
was once more at hand, and still no place was selected for the
students to be sheltered. His lordship was therefore again
strongly advised to accept of Crook Hall, and he at length
decided on that neglected mansion. Mnch was wanting to make
the house fit for the reception of the students, and as the school,
at Tudhoe was too small and inconvenient even for a temporary
abode, the students under Dr. Lingard were ordered on the 9th
of September to remove to Pontop Hall, near Lanchester, two
miles from Crook Hall, the mission-house of the Rev. Thomas
Eyre. There they assembled as a humble beginning of the new
coUege, and on the 22nd were joined by Mr. John Bradley. The
community, consisting entirely of Douay professors and students,
was composed of the Rev. Thomas Eyre, in the office of presi-

ic,2 THE HAYDOCK PAPERS.
dent, Mr. John Lingard, not yet in orders, vice-president, Mr.
John Rickaby, in Douay class of moral philosophy, Mr. Thomas
Lupton, in rhetoric, and Messrs. Thomas Dawson, Thomas
Storey, John Bradley, and Thomas Cock, in poetry. In the
meantime Crook HaU was being prepared for their reception,
and on the isth of October they took possession of it The Rev.
John Bell was sent for from Minsteracres to become prefect of
discipline. Since his escape from Douay, in April, 1793, he had
been tutor to the sons of Mr. John SUvertop. He arrived at
Crook on the 7th November, and was followed three days later
by his pupil Henry Silvertop, who had left Douay on the 5 th
May, 1792, and ultimately assumed the name of Witham when
he succeeded to the Lartington estates. Dr. Gibson also wrote
to Old Hall Green forthe removal to Crook Hall of those Douay
students who belonged to the Northern District. These were
Charles Saul, Edw. Monk. Rich. Thompson, Thos. Gillow, Thos.
Penswick, and George Leo Haydock. With the exception of
the last, who arrived at a later perio'd, these gentlemen reached
Crook HaU before the end of the year 1794. Thus by Oct ig-
were collected together 14 of the Douay students to continue the
work of the parent college, of providing for the succession of the
English priesthood. Their president, the Rev. Thomas Eyre,
was well acquainted with the system of teaching and of discipline
at Douay, having filled there in succession the offices of pro
fessor of syntax and poetry, and general prefect, previous to his
twenty years of missionary work in the north. Hence he or
ganized the new community in strict accordance with the rules
and constitutions of the mother house at Douay. It was the
ambition and endeavour of the bishop and the entire community
to reproduce exactly in the new college their lost alma vtater^
and so well was their succession to Douay understood and
recognized, that in the first announcement of Crook Hdl as a
college in the Laity's directory, it was only necessary, in speak
ing of the pension of the students, to write, " Terms — as before."^

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 1 93

Ordinations were held at the college in Dec, 1794, by Bishop
Gibson, at which the following were ordained ; — ^John Bell and
Robert Blacoe, priests ; John Lingard and James Worswick,
deacons ; and Thomas Penswick, Richard Thompson, Thomas
Gillow, Charles Saul, and Edward Monk, sub-deacons.
There were still at Old Hall eight students belonging to the
Northern District, when their twenty-six companions arrived
from their prison at Doulens, on Mar. 2, 1795. Of the liberated
students, James Swinburne, John Penswick, Thomas Berry,
Matthew Forster, and Robert Gradwell, repaired to Crook Hall,
and these, together with Thomas and George Leo Haydock, raised
the total number of Douay students who went to Crook to
twenty-two. It has been already shown, under the account of
Old Hall, that the two bishops even yet had not abandoned their
desire to found a general college in the north for both districts.
It was only after the inspection of Thorp-Arch on the 28th of
April, 179S, and the subsequent difficulties about the purchase
money that it was determined to go on with the two existing
establishments — Crook Hall as the direct continuation of Douay,
and Old Hall Green as the college for the Southern District
Mr. Haydock shall now narrate his first experiences at Crook
Hall. "Crook Hall, near Gateshead, Bishopric, Monday 18 Jan.,
1796. Dearest Mother and Sister — Thinking myself bound in
duty as well as love to give you the first account of our journey

jg^ THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
and safe arrival at Crook Hall, I allow myself no great respite
till I have fulfilled this primary obligation, as you may easily
judge from ye date of this letter. On ye 17th of January Crook
opened its welcome doors to us, and we were brought in amidst
the hearty congratulations of our friends and ancient school
fellows. We had, indeed, to wait about three quarters of an hour
before we could get admittance, because they were all at evening
prayers, or what we commonly call vespers ; for you must know
that necessity had driven us into Sunday before we could well
make an end of our travels. And now to satisfy your curiosity
I shall inform you how we passed our time from Wednesday,
the 13th, when we took our departure from Tagg town, till ye
present time, when I have just spent one day in ye old Douay
customs, for Crook aims to come as near them as circumstances
will allow.
" Lancaster greeted our eyes about four in ye afternoon, and
made us heartily welcome till half past twelve ye following day,
at Mr. Caton's as you may easily suppose. They paid us every
kind attention that could be desired, and were very importunate
for us to stay ye following night, but we thought ye stay we
made sufficient We called upon Dr. Rigby [the priest at Lan
caster], and went to see ye castle and all ye beautiful places in
the town. At parting Miss Mary filled our pockets with home
made ginger-bread, which was very good and serviceable during
ye remainder of ye journey. We then passed on very comfort
ably thro' Hornby, and giving a look over that castle went for
ward by Kirby- Lonsdale to Setberg, where we supped and took
a bed. At seven ye next morning we began a journey rather
less expensive, for we had only to give a shilling per mUe after
we left Setberg. The country all ye way is very romantic, wild
and stoney, fit only for grazing ; nor did we see a corn field for
above thirty miles together, nor one mill from Lancaster to
Durham. We soon left Kirby-Stephen behind us, and, break
fasting at Brough, rode with great expedition thro' Bowes, and

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 195
over Stain Moor to Barnard Castle, a pretty, fine town, and re
markable for ye ruins of the castle, which we scampered up a
very steep hill to see. There we were obliged to stop about two
hours for a chaise coming from Greta-Bridge, which arrived at
last with one of Lord Darlington's servants to drive it We
immediately posted forward by West Auckland and St Helen-
Auckland, where after we had gone past I recollected ye nuns
from Lierre [Teresians], and one of our old masters, Mr. Roby,
dwelt, and my brother was so desirous to see them, that he rode
back three miles that night with ye return chaise, and walked to
Bishop Auckland the next morning, where Gradwell [Robert,
afterwards bishop] and I staid all night On his coming up we
had ye curiosity to go and see one of ye bishop of Durham's
palaces, and indeed did not repent of it, for it is by far the most
magnificently ornamented that ever I saw. We then breakfasted,
and in a short time arrived at Tudhoe, where Mr. Storey and
Blacow keep a school. We staid dinner with them, and had ye
pleasure of Mr. Storey's company in ye chaise with us to Dur
ham, where ye grand cathedral and abbey almost necessarily
drew our attention. It was now late in ye evening on Saturday,
and ye roads being described excessively bad we thought it
better to hear Mr. Storey's mass ye next day, and so proceed to
Crook Hall. Upon trial the roads fully answered, or rather much
surpassed, ye description we had received of them, but as good
fortune would have it, our driver had never been ' that way, so
that, tho' it exposed us to the trouble of enquiring ye way out,
yet it got us a conveyance, which, otherwise, we should perhaps
have found some difficulty to have done. At last after much
merriment, and some danger of our necks, we got into Paradise-
Lane, a name given it on account of its inconceivable badness,
for it is worse even than Hyles-Lane [in which the chapel of
Cottam is situated]. There ye horses were not able in one place
to draw us forward, so we got out and scampered over whins
and dirt for a little way, till we got in again and rode in state up
to Crook HaU, about a quarter after three o'clock.

I g6 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
"After the usual salutations of our friends, we paid a visit to Mr.
Eyre, ye president, who behaved very courteously and desired us
to get dinner. So we did, and then began to pursue ye duties
of ye house. I shall tell you what they are. At six o'clock
in ye morning we get up, and at ye half-hour we go and
meditate till seven ; then Mass ; afterwards study till ye quarter
to nine. At half-past nine, we go to school for an hour and
a half; at one, dine ; at three, go to study ; at seven, prayer till
supper ; at quarter-past nine, second prayers ; and thence im
mediately we may repose our weary or lazy limbs on a pretty
hard matrass, and sleep if we can. Our living is very good, as
much as I can tell you of it from report and ye little experience
I have already had of it ; our drink is very much like your small
drink, but not sour, so we can do very well with it We have
two play-days a week, and are in number twenty-eight students
and masters.
" And now I shall tell you how much we each expended on ye
journey, for it was much less than I expected at setting out It
was just about £i 3s., or 6d. per mUe for 121 miles, ye exact
length of our journey. Nothing material was damaged on the
way ; only some drawing-paper which I had in ye great box was
rather injured by ye rain, but that was very trifling, for I had
fortunately left ye greatest part of it at ye Tagg in my drawer.
I need not desire you to air it from time to time ; you wUl do it,
I doubt not We are much better provided for here than at Old
Hall. The exterior of the house might be made very elegant,
and ye rooms are far from being bad. I have three partners
with me in a room, and so has my brother in another. I shall
send you ye picture of ye house some other time, but for ye
present I am not able, as I think you would choose rather that I
should quickly answer your demand of a letter. I shall also
write to James and Peggy as soon as possible. Uncles, aunts,
and all other friends about Tagg will, I hope, be satisfied with
this, for I must tell you frankly that I do not intend to write

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 1 97
many letters without great necessity. You will perhaps be so
kind as to inform Mrs. Slater, Tempest, &c., of our safe arrival,
if it be convenient, and present our kindest and most sincere
compliments to them and all other friends. You know I have a
particular esteem for Mrs. Woodcock and family, so they must
not be omitted. Give our duty and thanks to Mr. Lund for his
kind favours, and tell him that to understand our regulations I
must refer him to those of Douay, where he will find them
pretty exactly drawn out You know what to say to our dear
uncles and aunts without my telling you ; in short, I leave all
other compliments to your direction.
" I have just been with Mr. Eyre delivering our commission,
and I thence took occasion to tell him the condition upon which
I understood we came hither, viz., that upon ye delivery of that
sura of money, all other necessaries were to be furnished us by
the superiors, which he acknowledged was ye statement Mr.
' Wilson had given him of ye question, so I hope we shall have
little to trouble you for during our stay here. But God knows
how long it will be, for it is not doubted but ere long we
shall have a removal [in allusion to the intention of establishing
a general college for the whole country at Thorp Arch, or else
where in the north].
" You will, if you please, give my uncle the money you receive
for me at Candlemas, which will reduce it to ;^I2, and the rest
as soon as you get it (unless needed other ways). You may also
make use of ye cloth I left behind whenever you think proper.
I must now beg leave to conclude with ye sincerest testimonies
of love;, remaining, along with my brother, dear mother and
sister, yours— G. L. HAYDOCK."
The next letter is from Thomas Haydock to his brother James
at the Tagg, endorsed : " In case of absence, to be sent to him
at Trafford House, near Manchester. To be delivered to him
with all possible haste." Poor Tom did not accompany his
brother George to Old Hall, but went to the English College at

198

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.

Lisbon, and now v/as making a third attempt to become a priest
at Crook Hall. Referring to this subject in later years, his
brother George, writing to Dr. Gillow, says that he was advised
to retire from the college. " Some one had written that he was
funny, and Mr. Eyre asked me if I thought he would do for a
priest ? I replied ; ' It was not for me to say ; he had done no
thing at least to disqualify him there, and ye bishop, Dr. Gibson,
had authorised us to come, and thus he would have lost his time
and money.' ' Oh,' said Mr. Eyre, ' when I go into ye grounds,
I always see a crowd about Thomas laughing, and such generally
end in ye asylum ! ' So after defending ye thesis, my brother
went and taught school at Manchester, and then engaged in
printing Catholic books, generally to his loss, and has cost me
about ;£'3000. My brother James was much displeased, and Mr.
Rayment [Rev. B., an excellent judge] thought Thomas wquld
have been ye best of us three." " Crook Hall, June i, 1796.
" . . . . You say my vocation appeared to me true and
solid. I assure you it did, otherwise I hope I have more grace
than to enter upon ye ministry. It is dreadful at ye best, and
doubly so to those who enter upon it dubiously inclined. A
priest must necessarily lay aside all ye gay pleasures of life,
therefore I don't think I meant to have entered ye ministry on
that account; nor for ease, because I think I could have more in
some easy business ; nor for honour, because little is ye honour
of a priest regardless of his duty; nor for a livelihood, because I
am pretty certain I could get a better by other means. It rests
therefore that my intention at best was good, for I should detest
myself were I to harbour any other sentiments in entering ye
ministry but those of the honour of God, ye service of my neigh
bour, &c. It remains for me, therefore, to say that if there is
any fault, it must be in imagining myself to have sufficient piety,
strength, and resolution to fulfil my intentions. This I always
meant to leave to the determination of friends, judges, and even

. THE IIA YDOCK PA PERS. 1 99
enemies, but I hoped they would have been more candid than to
have attacked me incognito, so as to leave me no opportunity of
offering what I had to say. I pronounce it once more, 'tis some
priest who has always worn ye appearance of friendship who has
given me ye stab. He has given it in the dark, like a black
hearted traitor, for if it proceeded from conscience, why afraid
to be known ? Did he fear my resentment ? He who ought to
die rather than betray his conscience, did he fear ye persecution
of ye persecuted ? But if his intentions were to render me
miserable, I thank God it is out of his power. Priest or no
priest, I am perfectly content. If priest, I trust in God for pro
tection and strength in prosecuting all duties ; if rejected, ye
world is open, and ye world belongs to God.
" I've got a good deal to say to Mr. Wilson, but as I'm. going to
write to him, I will save you ye trouble of telling him things
which I mean to inform him of in my letter to him. He will, I
make no doubt, inform me of all that is said against me, and I
hope I can give a good answer to all. Good God ! what scene
of trouble and misfortune have I stored up for myself since leav
ing Douay. I can't look back, but giddiness seizes my head,
and I'm lost in labyrinths of surprise and amazement. I was
inexperienced, but every day serves to learn me ye great end,
indeed ye only lesson that concerns men, viz., that all on this
side of ye grave is vanity and shadow, and all beyond is sub
stance. " With regard to news about us and Old Hall, we know next
to none. You will no doubt have heard that Bishop Berington
intends joining Oscott School with Old Hall. Crook is up to the
cars in debt, and Mr. Eyre has informed ye bishop in sundry
letters that he would undoubtedly break up immediately after
ye defensions in case supplies did not come. The debt amounts
to upwards of 400 pounds, but Mr. Gibson at last has answered
that he is coming to Crook shortly with plenty of money to de
fray our debts. Mr. Eyre, however, has desired him to defer his

200 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
visit till ye defensions, when it is conjectured he will give orders.
Our family consists of 29, inclusive of three maid-servants.
George is very well, studies hard, and promises to defend
well. I hope, if at Crook then, to give satisfaction also with
regard to my studies, though I think I could have done it much
better if this affair had not come upon my hands to disturb me.
The treatises to be defended are De Gratia and Actibus humanis.
George and I have nearly written these 2 vols. I mean to
write ye whole course if I remain here. You know my temper ;
you will hear what is said, and I desire you to give me your ad
vice sincerely as you think. If you think it better for me to
leave, I look upon ye disgrace as trifling, yea, none at all — I
should still enjoy your friendship and George's, and if successful
shotild have provided a pretty retreat for you, George, and my
self, to spend ye evening of this life, and fit us for another. If
you think I shall suit for ye mission, if no obstacle prevent me,
I will go on in God's name and lay all other thoughts aside.
Reflect well on this for I shall undoubtedly follow your advice
to whither way it inclines. Use dispatch that I may be at
ease. Since I sent ye letter to you I have gained a good know
ledge of arithmetic, but this will not be useless whatsoever
happens. Mr. Yates and Mr. Worswick, as likewise all your
friends at Crook, desire their compliments. Mr. Worswick de
sires you to come and stay with him some time at Newcastle
If you could I'm sure you'ld be welcome and might have an
opportunity of seeing all old acquaintance. Mr. Smith is absent
for a few days, but I will tell him your order when he returns.
You wUl give George's and my compliments to whom you think
proper. I cannot finish the letter to Mr. Wilson this post, for it
is going off now, but I will send it ye next.— Yours, &c.,
"Thomas Haydock."
Shortly after this Thomas Haydock withdrew from the
college, and opened a school at 42 Alport Street, Manchester.
He issued a neatly printed card, with an appropriate engraving.

2 UE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 20 1
announcing that " he intends teaching the foUowing branches of
useful and ornamental knowledge, Greek, Latin, French, Portu
guese, Spanish, Italian, &c." In 1799 he threw himself heart
and soul into the business of printing and publishing Catholic
books at a cheaper rate than could then be obtained. In a letter
to his brother George, dated 16 Tib Lane, Manchester, June 27,
1799) he gives a list of works printed and in prospect, which is
really surprising in extent There is no doubt that Thomas
Haydock did very much to raise the position of Catholic litera
ture in this country. Several of his publications were of his
own translation, and others were edited by him. It was in this
letter that he announced the completion of the engraving of
Douay College, drawn by himself, " and though it does not
answer my expectations (this apart), yet I think it is worth 6s.,
the price of the subscription, particularly when it is considered
that, exclusive of the merit of the engraving, it is the representa
tion of a place which is cherished by everyone who has been
there." In the following September he tells his brother that he
still goes on with his school as usual, which brings him in at
that period after the rate of 132 guineas a year.

^J^agKocft's ©ouag 33t6Ie anti Testament.
" You shall draw waters with joy from the Saviour's fountains." — Is. xii. 3.
In the year 1806, Thomas Haydock conceived the idea of pub
lishing a new and correct edition of the Douay Bible and Testa
ment, supplied with a large body of notes selected from various
commentators, with historical desertations prefixed to each book,
and concise lives of the evangelists, tables, index, &c. The Rev.
Benedict Rayment of Lartington, near Barnard Castle, proffered
to assist him in the undertaking, but afterwards withdrew from
the task. He therefore persuaded his own brother, George Leo,
then at Ugthorpe, to write and select the notes In his letter to

202 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS
him of Nov. S, 1806, he says that his original intention was to
commence in the spring, " but having altered the time for the
appearance of the first number to the beginning of Aug., 1807,
I hope you will have sufficient time both to digest the plan and
furnish useful notes." He then gives his ideas as to how the
work should be carried out In this letter he also says, " I had
nearly forgotten to tell you that I am preparing for the engraver
. . . The Tree of Life. . . I mentioned this to my brother
(James) lately, and he told me for the first time that you had
something of a simUar nature in your pericranium, and I have
now your letter before me. I will send you Ward's old Tree,
same, I believe, as Mr. Lund's, for inspection, alteration, and ad-
integration, i.e., to bring it up to the present time." This George
afterwards completed, and it was published by Thomas in one
large sheet in 1809. Pius VII. honoured the work by his ac
ceptance of a copy, which still hangs on the walls of the Vatican.
In the meantime Thomas Haydock went over to Dublin to
collect some large and long outstanding debts ; married an
Irish lady. Miss Mary Lynde ; and opened an establishment in
that city. In a letter to Dr. Gillow, his brother George says he
was easy-going and got himself into great difficulties in conse
quence; "we had also at Douai and Old Hall Green a sly
fellow, T. Cook, who had been a Methodist, and leaving after
wards, got to be employed by my brother Thomas, and ran
away with above £zo, as most of his canvassers, or caterpillars,
did." When Thomas H.aydock returned to Manchester in 18 10,
he was surprised to find that another Catholic printer, Mr-
Oswald Syers, taking advantage of his absence, had made pre
parations for printing a new edition of the Bible and Testament
This work was actually commenced in March, 181 1, in small folio,
and was finished in 1813, having received the support of a
number of priests who supposed that Haydock had given up all
thoughts of pubUshing his Bible. On Jan. 22, 181 1, Thomas
Haydock issued a circular to the clergy explaining the reason

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 303
for the delay in the appearance of the Bible, complaining of the
advantage taken by Syers, and appealing to them for their
support The first sheet of the great work in folio was put to
press on July 1 1, in that year, and for some time it appeared
in fortnightly parts, at is. each, but afterwards the numbers were
issued weekly. The first impression was 1500 copies, but as
¦subscribers soon multiplied, it was deemed advisable to print a
second edition, which was executed at Haydock's establishment
in Dublin in 181 3, etc. The press-work occupied three years
and two months, the last sheet being worked off on Sep. 11.,
1 8 14, although the title-pages bear earlier dates. This under
taking turned out very unremunerative to the enterprising
publisher, and brought about his ruin. He gave a bond as
security for the payment of an advance for the purpose of
printing the Bible to a certain John Heys, of Manchester, whose
terms were hard, and himself very awkward. Poor Haydock
was obliged to issue a circular, in 18 14, warning the public
.against certain numbers issued from his nominal office in
Manchester, " which during his absence in Ireland have been
printed with an inaccuracy and a suppression of many essential
¦notes that have justly caused the disgust and indignation of his
brother, the Rev. G. L. Haydock, who has engaged to compile
the same." Heys was declared a bankrupt, and Haydock's bond
was entered up and his property sold by auction in 1818. On
the 31st. of Oct, in that year, poor Tom wrote from Dublin to
his brother George in very low spirits, informing him that —
"three hours hence will find me a prisoner for debt; alas! not
contracted by myself, but for which I must suffer the conse
quences of an imprisonment to continue at least 3 months and
21 days. Wogan, dead near two years ago, supposed to be
worth ;£'8o,ooo, died insolvent Fitzpatrick (dead only last
Friday) supposed to be also immensely rich, has only left about
€s. 8d. in the pound in effects to answer numerous demands.
These were the two most eminent in the Catholic [publishing]

204 ^^^ ^^ YDOCK PAPERS.
line. How must I then have been able to succeed where these
two Goliaths of the trade have failed ? " Subsequently he found
that his manager and clerk in Dublin had wronged him during
his absence in England to the extent of ;^3000 and upwards.
After his release from the debtor's prison, he commenced again
in Dublin, where he printed many valuable works. On Oct 19,
1823, he had the misfortune to lose his wife. Writing to his
brother on the 28th Oct, he says, " all the calamities of my
hitherto chequered life are mere playthings in comparison with
this last sad visitation. But God's will be done."
" The flower is shed, and the spring is fled,
And he wanders alone at the close of the day ;
And the sleety hail, in the moonshine pale.
Glistens at eve, on his locks of gray." Rising of the North.
At length he was obliged to abandon his publishing business,
and settled in Liverpool about 1833. It was there he lost his
only child, George, who was born at Dublin, Feb. 6, 1822, and
died Jan. 29, 1840. Subsequently he retired to Preston, where
he spent the remainder of his day.s. There the old man died
Aug. 25, 1859, at the patriarchal age of eighty-seven, and was
interred in the family grave at Newhouse Chapel.
" There — broken heart — farewell 1
The pang is o'er —
The parting pang is o'er ;
Thou now wilt bleed no more.
Poor broken heart, farewell I " Thomas Moore.

TBE HA YDOCK PAPERS 205

" Lo 1 where the glist'ning stores disclosed to-day.
By chemic art, assume more potent sway ;
Now in extended sheets secure the pile.
Now lend the faded face delusion's smile :
Now vaunting, mimic the carnation's bloom,
The canvass swell, or gaily robe the room." Maude.
When the Rev. James Haydock came on the mission from
Douay, in 1792, he was placed at Trafford House, as chaplain to
John Trafford, Esq. The chapel attached to the mansion was
not very large, but sufficient to accommodate any number of
the congregation likely to assemble in it at one time, for Mr.
Haydock's mission stretched over Barton, Eccles, Pendleton,
Pendlebuiy, Patricroft, Stretford, Sale-Moor, and Altrincham.
Though so extensive, this district is supposed only to have con
tained some 300 Catholics.
In a letter dated July 21, 1801, addressed to his brother
George at Crook Hall, he says that he has had the pleasure of
seeing Mr. Lingard and Mr. Thompson, but could not prevail
upon them to pay him a visit at Trafford. He adds " Amongst
many other inquiries there were some which regarded my dear
George. The accounts were all in your favour. I was informed
that you enjoyed a good state of health, were very attentive to
ye duties of your station, and an assiduous compiler as well
as composer. The information I received respecting your
learned labours somewhat- astonished me. I had no idea that
a Haydock was ever born to shine in ye literary department ;
experience has convinced me that I never was, and from myself
I have been led into an unfavourable conclusion respecting one
so nearly related to me. Though I may be allowed to regret
that I was either never made for learning, or that learning was
not made for me, yet I cannot but confess that I derive some

2o6 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
satisfaction from ye idea that my brother has been more
fortunate." James Haydock was full of humility, and
always underrated his abilities. Dr. Kirk assures us that he
was not only a laborious and zealous missioner, but a learned
man. This long letter of advice to his brother as to the course
he should pursue to attain real learning, certainly displays a
practised mind, and coincides with Dr. Kirk's description. He
had been for some years prefect of the study-place at Douay,
and taught catechism, in which branch of his duty he excelled.
There are several other letters from him, which bear out the
same character, but they are not to the present purpose.
After being at Trafford House for about fourteen years, he
removed to Lea Chapel, near Preston, in 1807. It is said that
lie was so annoyed by the Trafford Volunteers assembling and
parading around the house that he got the Bishop to remove him.
lie exchanged missions with the Rev. James Smith, whose
brother William had married one of the daughters and coheiresses
of Mr. Haydock's cousin, Robert Haydock of Leach HaU. Mr.
Smith retired from the chaplaincy after some little time, in ill-
health, and was succeeded by the Rev. Thomas Sadler. It was
during his chaplaincy that the foundation-stone of a school in
connection with the Missioh was laid in 1822 by the late Sir
Humphrey de Trafford, then a mere boy, and near this site,
wlicre once stood a blacksmith's shop, a Catholic cemetery was
opened shortly afterwards. In 1827 the old Chapel at Traffotd
was pulled down, and re-erected near Dumpling-lane, Barton, at
the back of which was the presbytery. Mr. Sadler died October
4, 1S30, and was buried in the cemetery at Barton. He was
succeeded by the Rev. Hen. Newsham, who spent the first three
j-ears of his priesthood here. Then followed the I^ev. Messrs-
Ball, Westhead, Hill, and lastly, about 1846, the present re
spected pastor, the Right Rev. Mgr. John Canon Kershaw. In
1S56 the old school was replaced by another. at Trafford, given
by Sir Humphrey de Trafford, and in 1868 the present fine

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 207
church was erected by the same gentleman at a cost of some
thing like ;£'24,000t.

ILca Ctapet
" I have no hopes but one.
Which is of heavenly raighe ;
Effects atteynd, or not desird.
All lower hopes refrayne." R. SoufhiJoeU, S.J.
Previous to the erection of this Chapel, in Lea Town, the
Mission was seated at .Salwick Hall, but Mass was also said at
Ward's House, near the Hall, formerly the seat of a younger
branch of the Cliftons and afterwards of the Smiths, and at Moor
House, Newton-cum-Scales, the residence of George Gillow, v/ho
had inherited it from the ancient CathoUc family of Brewer.
When the Cliftons closed the Chapel at Salwick Hall, then
tenanted by the Gradwells, John Gradwell of Clifton, George
Gillow of Moor House, and James Smith of Ward's House^
purchased land in Lea, on which they erected the present
Chapel and presbytery. The Rev. Robert Wilson died at Sal
wick Hall, January 14, 1798, and his brother the Rev. Marmaduke
Wilson came from Appleton to wind up the Mission. He de
livered the altar plate and vestments into the charge of Mr.
John Gradwell for the new Mission at Lea. Mr. Clifton claimed
them and contested the matter in the ecclesiastical courts at
Chester, but was defeated by Mr. Gradwell, who, it is said
maintained the suit at his own cost The new Chapel was
purposely placed just outside Mr. Clifton's influence. It was
opened in 1800, and the Rev. James Smith, third son of James
Smith of Ward's House (where Mass was said in the meantime),
superintended the erection and was appointed pastor of the Chapel.
He was born December 25, 177S, and was educated with his

2oS THE EA YDOCK PAPERS
brother, the Rev. Thomas Smith of Croxdale, Durham, at the
English College at Valladolid. As we have seen he exchanged
missions with the Rev. James Haydock, in 1807, and died in
retirement at Manchester, January 26, 1827.
On April 13, 1809, Mr. Haydock wrote to his brother George
at Ugthorpe, near Whitby ; " I sit down to my paper in order to
repay you ye tribute of gratitude and respect so long and so
justly your due .... At last I have deferred tiU a time in
which I do not find myself in good order for writing, being
rather unwell, and having, I think, a bad cold hanging over me.
But write I must, and my good George must pardon me for any
faults which may occur in ye letter." He then refers to George's
purchase of land and preparations for building a Chapel at
Ugthorpe, of which he had received plans. According to request
he passes his opinion upon the drawings. " It is, I believe, upon
a plan which has spoilt most of ye new chapels which have of
late been erected, particularly those in Yorkshire. In all plans
intended either for a speaker or an audience, height is essential
for ye ease of each. Breadth always gives beauty, and brings
you nearer each other. I have not spoken to one priest who
does not wish his chapel at least to be something higher.
Height is wanting at Cottam. Mr. Carter would have had ye neatest
and most elegant chapel (at Newhouse) I ever saw, barring that
at Trafford, had it only been higher. The fault in mine is being
too small. Mr. Irving has begun a new chapel and house (at The
WUlows, Kirkham), which in my opinion will be complete."
He then offers his advice at great length and in detail, and goes
on — " In aid of so noble an undertaking you might have ex
pected something handsome from us. But my being in a
simUar situation to yours in point of expenses to be laid out on
improvements and building, we could not well do more. I shall
have a gallery to build, and everything that belongs to an altar,
with ye altar itself, are all to be furnished. Add to this a house
to furnish, and furniture to buy."

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 209
This was his last letter; he was seized by the epidemic
which afflicted his flock, and on April 25, 1809, he died in the
prime of life, aged 43, truly, as George Leo Haydock calls him
a martyr of charity. " Joy, joy for ever 1 my task is done —
The gates are pass'd, and Heaven is won."
TlioTtMs Moore.
Two days later his brother Thomas wrote to George Leo at
Ugthorpe, " Little did I think when I despatched my last letter
and gave you hopes of our dear brother's recovery to have to
write to you again announcing his death. This fatal event took
place on Tuesday about noon. I received a letter by the coach
man late last night, and a duplicate this morning by the post
but without any particulars. The letters were from John Marsh,
and my dear brother will be buried to-day (at Newhouse). I
will not dwell on our irreparable loss to one who knows so well
how to feel its weight To myself, indeed, I may term it truly
irreparable, for surely no brother ever did more for another, both
by words and deeds, than he has done to me. This consideration
ought to calm our extreme grief, that as he always led a good
and truly pious life, we may reasonably hope he has concluded
the same by a happy death. The impression made on me I am
unable to express, but I either don't know myself, or his good
ness and bright example will ever dwell before my eyes and
have their due influence over my every future action. Farewell
my dearest and now only brother, I shall visit my mother's in
a few days, and will there write you every particular."

O

2 , o TEE HA YDOCK PAPERS

JFormltg.
" Its altar fallen, in ruins lie
Its walls grown to decay ;
Its very burial mounds are gone.
Its monuments away 1 "
—Qilfillan.
IT seems that there was a prospect of George Leo Haydock
being appointed to Formby, some time before he left Crook
Hall in 1803. A letter to him from his relative, the Rev. Thomas
Caton, then chaplain at Townely Hall, gives some curious inform
ation about the Formby mission, to which we have added a
few notes. It is merely dated, " Burnly Wood, May 30," and he
does not give the date of his being at Formby, but as he was at
Culcheth from June 11, 1791, to June 29, 1792, it was probably
between that time and his going to Townely. He went to
Cottam, July 24, 1812, and died there August 14, 1826.
" I was in hopes ere this you had get possession of Hornby, as
the bishop would not give it to either of the Worswicks, and the
reason was that being so near their relations, they would either
be constantly at Lancaster, or the relations would be at
Hornby. Both father and mother asked the bishop when
dining with them for the place for one of the sons, but he was
resolute. As to Formby, it would do very well if you wish to
farm and to be among a set of humble, well-meaning people. The
congregation at Easter is about 250; great numbers of chUdren,
but not employed in any manufactory, so that any day or houi

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 2 1 1
they come for instructions. I had 80 at Catechism every
Sunday, and about 15 of the oldest every Wednesday and
Friday evening at my house for instructions. The people are a
blunt, honest people, and as old Bordley [Rev. Simon George,
the eccentric missioner and schoolmaster at Aughton] calls them,
' a loving people ' ; but you must lord it over them, or at least
keep a high hand, and not be too easy with them, or they wUl
be masters of you. They are a people, if they see you wish
their good, you may mould as you please. I was happy in the
extreme, had the congregation been about 100 fewer. There
are no rich people, and none very poor like what we find in the
weaving countries. The house and ground is rented of a Pro
testant clergyman, and the ground will clear the house rent
He lives at Formby, is a most agreeable young man, and will do
anything for you that you could wish [Rev. Richard Formby,
LL.B.,of Formby, whose father was apparently the first Protestant
of the family]. Neighbours are Mr. BuUer, at Ince, three miles off
[Fr. John BuUer, S.J., died at Ince in December, 181 1], Mr. Taylor,
Crosby, four miles off [Dom Charles Boniface Taylor, O.S.B.,
died at Crosby in AprU, 1812], Mr. Gregson, at Sephton, about five
miles off [Dom Rich. Vincent Gregson, O.S.B., died at Sefton in
Sept, 1800], Mr. Johnson, at Lydiate, three miles [Fr, Robert
Johnson, S. J., left Lydiate in 182 1], Mr. Crook, a very sensible
and agreeable young man at Ormskirk, seven miles [Dom Rich.
Joseph Crook, O.S.B., died at Ormskirk in January, 1800], and
about two miles further on the Preston road, Mr. Kellet, out of
your neighbourhood [Rev. Hen. Kellet of Burscough Hall, died
there Aug. 14, 1808, whose relative. Rev. Richard Kellet, was
the son of Robert Kellet, of Woodplumpton, and Elizabeth, his
wife, daughter of Robert Haydock of Leach HaU].
" The income as well as I recollect : —
Benches  ;^24 o o
Interest of money left by a Mr. Blundell 500
The Grange money . ¦ ¦ • 500
The old chapel rent .... 33°
3F

212 TEE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
Interest of Mr Bastwell's money . . £s ^- ^
[The Bastwells w;re an old Catholic family of Augh
ton, one of whom, John, was outlawed for recus
ancy in 1680. Mr. James Bastwell, of Orms
kirk, gent,, and Mary, his wife, were bene
factors to the chapel of St, Anne, Ormskirk,
and their anniversaries are noted on May 3
and Feb. 9. James Bastwell gave £1050 for
ecclesiastical education in the Northern Dis
trict, ;^772 7s. 6d. of which now forms a fund
at Ushaw College, of which the priest at Augh
ton, the Rev. James Dennet, claimed the no
mination.]
Money paid by the Jesuits yearly . . 2 1 1 6
Eleetnosynce missorutn that you may depend on 8 8 o

£S9 7 6

"The rent of your house and ground is ^'24, or as I had it, £Z
for the house alone without any land, but if you have the
ground it will, I think, bring you in free. The bench money is
paid very regular, quarterly, all the other yearly, sent without
any trouble. The old chapel has undergone some repairs lately,
so that I believe it will take the interest money a year or two to
pay the expense. Your congregation will lie very compactly
about you ; there is no need at all of a horse, unless for your
own private satisfaction, a mile and a half being the farthest
you have any off. The house is, or at least was, entirely fur
nished, so that I had not a farthing to lay out when I went,
which is a great object for a beginner. Should you go I shall
certainly pay you a visit, though you won't me. Would I live
in a gentleman's house but he should allow me a horse I Let
me know if you go. I remain, sir, yours sincerely, T. CatoN."
Alt Grange, commonly called The Grange, in Little Altcar,
adjacent to Formby, was formerly the granary belonging to
Whalley Abbey, when the manor was held by the monks. It

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS 2 1 3
lies among the sand-hUls upon the shore, and was originally a
place of some importance, as it always contained a chapel.
In 1716, Thomas Smith, high-constable of West Derby, re
ported to the Commissioners for forfeited estates that at
" Grange, near Formby, [is] one Mr. Wolfall, who is reputed to
exercise his functions as a popish priest at a place called New
hall, in West Derby. At Formby there is a certain building
erected in the reign of James II. intended for a popish chapel,
and now a dwelling-house, but the rent is received by a popish
priest commonly reported : yearly value £1 los."
The Rev. Thomas Wolfall, younger brother of Richard
Wolfall, of' Wolfall Hall and Moor Hall, Esq. (the last of his
family), was ordained priest at the English College, Rome, in
1699, and used the alias of Butler on the mission. He served
The Grange, and died there in 1720. His predecessor in the
mission was the Rev. Edward Molyneux, of the family of
Molyneux of The Grange, probably immediately descended
from that of New HalL Between 1626 and 1633, the names of
John Molyneux, of The Grange, gent, and Margaret his wife,
regularly appear in the recusant rolls. In 1667 Mrs. Molyneux
was a widow, and with her son Edward and his wife Katherine
paid the usual penalties for their religion. Mr. Nich. Blundell,
of Crosby, tells us that the Rev. Edward Molyneux was born at
Alt Grange, was ordained priest at Douay, and for 38 years
was a most laborious missioner in Formby, Crosby, and the
locality, having under his charge at the time of his death more
than 800 penitents, besides children. He resided with his
brother Richard at The Grange, a property held by his family
for many generations under long leases from their kinsmen the
Viscounts Molyneux of Sefton. He was found dead on the
sands, Apr. 2, 1704, his death having been occasioned, accord
ing to tradition, by a highwayman. On the following night,
about ten o'clock, he was buried in the old Catholic cemetery at
Harkirk. Shortly after the d^ath of Mr. Molyneux, Thomas

2 14 THE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
Tickle by his spiritual will, dated Aug. 26, 1704, left £2,0, part
of a charitable bequest of ;^ioo, to the mission at The Grange,
then served by Mr. Wolfall. After his death, in 1720, no priest
is mentioned as resident at The Grange. It was probably
served for a time from New Hall, for Richard Molyneux, by
spiritual will dated Feb. 15, 1734, bequeathed ;^ 100, or £5 per
annum, to the secular priest officiating at The Grange or New
Hall. Though part of Formby came within the Grange mission,
the Jesuits possessed the ancient chapel referred to in Mr.
Caton's letter. In 1701, Fr. Richard Foster, S.J., was the
missioner, but he resided at New House, in the Car-houses in
Ince Blundell, which the Society erected in that year with the
intention of keeping a boarding-school, though this design was
never carried out. Fr. Foster died at New House, May 9, 1707,
aged 35, and was buried at Harkirk. His receipts for serving
Formby amounted to ;^i6, being £6 allowed by the Society, and
£10 contributed by the congregation. Fr. Christopher Burton
afterwards attended to the mission, and after him Fr. William
Clifton. Thus the mission continued to be served from New
House until 1740. Mass was also said in the chapel at Formby
Hall, till the Formby family apostatized, or was robbed of
its faith, about this time. It is not improbable that the hall
chapel was occasionally served by the secular clergy, for the
Formbys were educated at Douay College Anyhow, in 1740,
the Rev. John Debord alias Davison, a Douay priest, was serving
the secular mission in Formby from Moor Hall, then the seat of
the Stanleys, who had succeeded the Wolfalls. In that year it
was arranged that the Father at New House who served the
Jesuit chapel in Formby should permanently reside there, and
in December of the same year Mr. Debord removed to Esh, co.
Durham, though his successor at Moor Hall, the Eev. Thos.
Wareing, also served in Ince and Formby till about April, 1744.
New House was finally given up after the death of Fr.

THE EA YDOCK PAPERS. 2 1 5
William Clifton, S.J., in 1749, aged 71, who had served
Formby for thirty years. He was succeeded by Fr. Francis
Blundell, S.J., who found the income at Formby to be ;^20. He
remained at the mission till his death in 1779, aged 62. He
was the son of Richard Blundell, of Carside, in Ince Blundell,
and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Tickle, of Ince
Blundell and Altcar.
The Blundells of Carside were a junior branch of the
Blundells of Ince Blundell HaU. Through their settlement in
Preston, in the latter half of last century, they have been con
founded with the ancient family of Blundell resident in that
town for centuries. Their names, however, appear in the recu
sant rolls throughout the whole period of persecution. Richard
Blundell, of Ince Blundell, yeoman, and his wife Cicely, were
fined in 1633 and subsequent years, as likewise Henry Blundell,
of the same, and Margaret his wife. Laurence Blundell and
Ellen his wife occur in the roll for 1667, and Laurence again
appears in that for 1679. Richard Blundell, of Carside, regis
tered his estate as a Catholic non-juror in 17 17 ; his will is dated
1730. He had sons, Laurence, Richard, and Francis the Jesuit
Richard settled as a corn-merchant in Preston, and died in 1772.
He was succeeded in his business by his son John, who handed
it over to the Gradwells in 1802, went to Ireland, erected flax
mills at Navan, and died in 18 10. His daughters, Elizabeth
and Mary, were the mothers respectively of the Very Rev. John
Canon Worthy, V.F., of Euxton; and the Right Rev. Bernard
O'Reilly, Bishop of Liverpool.
Fr. Blundell was succeeded at Formby by his nephew, the
Rev. Francis Blundell, son of Richard, of Carside, and his wife
Helen, daughter of John Chadwick, of Birkacre, Choriey, gent,
and sister of the Rev. John Chadwick, V.G., of Weld Bank.
Mr. Blundell was a secular priest ordained at Douay, and as the
Society had been suppressed in 1773, the ex- Jesuits handed
Formby over to the sole charge of the secular clergy. The con-

2 16 TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
gregation about this time was returned by Vicar General
Chadwick at 350 communicants, probably an error for 250. Mr.
Blundell found no fund for the maintenance of a priest except
£2 IIS 7d, the interest of ;^86, paid by the ex-Jesuits, and the
money left by his uncle. The latter consisted of two amounts ;
of the first, ;£'250, one hundred subsequently, in 1801, was ex
pended in discharge of a debt incurred in fitting up the new
chapel, as alluded to by Mr. Caton, and the second consisted of
the reversion of £100 bequeathed to Fr. Blundell's housekeeper.
Mr. Blundell removed to Stonyhurst after some years, and died
in 1792. Mr. Miller succeeded him at Formby, and was there
on Oct 10, 1784, when Bishop M. Gibson confirmed 73 persons,
the congregation being estimated at 250. He apparently was
succeeded by the Rev. Thomas Caton. How long he remained
is not stated. A new chapel was erected and opened in 1798, on
the site of the ancient chapel mentioned in Mr. Caton's letter,
which had belonged to the incumbent of Formby from time
immemorial. The next priest found at the mission was the
Rev. Joseph Maini, who came in 1806 from Leybum. In 1818,
the number of his congregatioil was put down at 650. He left
in 1834 for Yealand, and was succeeded by the Rev. John Smith,
who retired in iU-health in 1852, and died May 24, 1853. The
Rev. Thomas Crowe took charge in 1852, and died at Formby
Aug. 21, 1862, being succeeded by the present missionary-rector,
the Very Rev. James Canon Carr, V.G., President of St Edward's
College, who now has the assistance of his nephew the Rev
Wilfrid Carr. In 1864, a fine church was erected on a new
site

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 2 1 7

SagttorpE ani OTJjtttio.
"For there is joy both true and fast.
And no cause to lament,
But here is toil both first and last.
And cause oft to repent."
Fr. Nicholas Postgate's Hymn.
In 1796 George Leo Haydock received minor orders at
Crook Hall at the hands of Bishop William Gibson. In the
following year he was admitted to the diaconate, and, after de
fending his theologia universa with great applause, was ordained
priest on Sept 22, 1798. For close upon five years he was
retained in the college as a professor, and during that time. Dr.
Kirk informs us, was an incessant reader of the fathers, divinesi
and biblical annotators. On Feb. 5, 1803, he took possession of
the mission at Ugthorpe, near Whitby, a poor mission in York
shire, where his salary at first was but £27 a-year. It was
known by the sobriquet of " the Purgatory of the mission."
Here resided the holy martyr Nicholas Postgate, who was put
to death for the faith, at York, Aug. 7, 1679.
" Nor spar'd they father Posket's blood,
A reVrend priest, devout and good.
Whose spotless hfe in length was spun
To eighty years, and three times one.
Sweet his behaviour, grave his speech.
He did by good example teach.
His love right bent, his will resign'd.
Serene his look, and calm his mind.
His sanctity to that degree
As angels hved, so lived he."
Wa/rd, England's Beformat-ion.
The poet speaks feelingly, for he was intimately acquainted
with the good old man. For upwards of fifty years he had
assiduously laboured in this his native locality, converting hun
dreds by word and example, and contentedly living in wretched

2 18 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
huts on Egton Moor and at Ugthorpe. He was a man of no
mean literary attainments, and possessed a refined taste for
poetry. Perhaps it was during that dreadful period when he
was hunted about from place to place, through the fanatical
persecution which the insidious Earl of Shaftesbury raised by
means of the impostor Oates and his confreres, that he penned
the following two stanzas in his beautiful hymn to Jesus :
" And thus, dear Lord, I fly about
In weak and weary case.
And hke ye dove Noe sent out,
I find no resting-place.
" My wearied wings, sweet Jesus, mark.
And when thou thinkest best.
Stretch forth Thy hand out of ye ark.
And take me to Thy breast."
At length the venerable man was apprehended at the
house of one of his parishioners at Little Beck, near Whitby,
and was with his harbourer committed to York Gaol. His trial
and condemnation for exercising his priestly functions quickly
followed, and thus he obtained that rest, that glorious crown of
martyrdom, for which he had so ardently prayed.
" But now my soul doth hate ye things
In which she took delight.
And unto Thee, ye King of Kings,
^ Would fly with all her might."
The martyr's immediate successor at Egton Bridge and
Ugthorpe seems to have been the Rev. John Marsh. He was a
priest " of excellent wit, parts, and zeal," says an ancient record,
and being banished London by Dangerfield, one of Oates'
accomplices, fled to Lancashire, and then " humbly betook him
self to the most desolate and laborious place in Yorkshire."
His abode was chiefly at Egton Bridge. He was followed by
the Rev. George Bostock, alias West, who resided in the house
of Richard Smith, gent, the representative of an ancient Catholic

THE EAYDOGK PAPERS. 219
family seated at Egton Bridge. This worthy priest was here
when Bishop Williams made his visitation in May, 1728, when
eighty-four persons were confirmed, but died on the following
Sept 17th.
Shortly after, the Rev. John Monnoux Harvey, alias Rivett,
who had opened a boarding-school in London in 1729, or the
following year, transferred his establishment to Ugthorpe. His
venture had met with considerable success in the capital, and
consequently had attracted the vigilant eyes of sensitive Pro
testants. In 1733, attention was called to the school and its
energetic master in a little pamphlet entitled " The present state
of Popery in England." The penal laws were still in force
against Catholic schoolmasters. The very idea of anyone daring
to provide Catholic education for the sons of Catholic gentlemen
was an outrcige on society I Such audacity could not be tolerated ;
it was inconsistent with the glorious principles of liberty and the
rights of conscience as understood by the upholders of the free
and enlightened Church established by law 1 Poor Harvey, there
fore, had to fly to the most out-of-the-way place he could find.
He re-opened his school at Ugthorpe, with what success does
not appear, and so continued till after the Stuart rising of 1745.
The defeat of Charles Edward was an incitement for another
burst of persecution, more vigorous than any that had been
witnessed since the discomfiture of the Chevalier de St George
in 1715. Towards the close of 174S, Mr. Rivett, the name by
which Mr. Harvey was generally known, was apprehended and
brought before three justices of the peace, charged with being a
Popish priest and keeping a school for the education of children
in the Popish religion. This he acknowledged, and as he refused
to take the prescribed oaths, by which he would have abjured
his religion, he was committed to York Castle. In the following
March he was tried at the Lenten assizes with Sir William
Anderson a Valladolid priest, "for that, being Popish priests, and,
little regarding the laws and statutes of this realm, and not fear-

220 TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
ing the pains and penalties therein contained after the 2Sth of
March, 1700, to wit, the 8th of Sept., in the nineteenth year of
George II. (1745), did say Mass at Craythorne and Ugthorpe,
and that office or function of a Popish priest did use and exer
cise in contempt of the said Lord the King and his laws." After
some time Mr. Harvey obtained his release from prison, and
seems to have withdrawn at once to London.
In the meanwhile, the Rev. Thomas Shepherd, a newly-
ordained priest from Douay, took charge of the mission at Ug
thorpe for a short period. In 1747, the Rev. Edward Ball
arrived, and possibly he may have re-opened Mr. Harvey's
school. He remained there till 1757, and subsequently became
a professor at St Omer's College. It is not certain that there
was a resident priest at Ugthorpe between Mr. Ball's departure
and 1767. The former pastor, the Rev. Thomas Shepherd, may
have attended the mission from Egton Bridge. In the latter
year, the Rev. John Bradshaw came from Douay, and in 1768
opened the chapel which was still in use in Mr. Haydock's time.
In Oct, 1773, when Bishop Walton made his visitation, Mr.
Bradshaw returned his congregation at one hundred and seventy
communicants. After a few years he was succeeded by the
Rev. Thomas Ferby, who remained till 1777, and was followed
by the Rev. John Marsland, who came from Scarborough. Mr.
Marsland probably remained till 1787, when the Rev. Henry
Dennett took charge of " the Purgatory of the Mission," as he
characteristically termed it After a durance of twelve months
the sturdy Lancashire priest was released, and from that year,
1788, Ugthorpe seems to have been served by the Rev. Thomas
Talbot from Egton Bridge, till the arrival of the Rev. George
Leo Haydock in February, 1803.
Soon after Mr. Haydock's arrival at Ugthorpe, the annual
income of the mission was increased by ;6 1 S ; ten pounds be
queathed by Rowland Conyers, Esq., who died Apr. 28, 1803,
and the remainder by the Rev. Mr. Tootell, a relative of the Rev.

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS

221

Hugh Tootell, alias Charies Dodd, the church historian. Mr.
Tootell, says Mr. Haydock in a letter to Dr. Gillow, called him
self a "full-bottomed Lancashireman," a term which will be
appreciated by those acquainted with the plain, sterling char
acters of the old-fashioned priests of that county. His niece,
Winifred Tootell, afterwards rented Tagg Cottage on Mr. Hay
dock's estate at Cottam. He found the old chapel at Ugthorpe,
in use since 1768, in a very dilapidated condition. It was
situated in the upper part of a thatched cottage, the rooms under
neath serving as the priest's house. It was very similar to
Thomas Ward's description of Fr. Postgate's residence —
" A thatched cottage was the cell
Where this contemplative did dwell.
Two miles from Mulgrave castle 't stood,
Shelter'd by snow-drifts, not by wood ;
Iho' there he liv'd to that great age.
It was a dismal hermitage.
But God plac'd there the saint's abode.
For Blackamoor's greater good."
Mr. Haydock has left several interesting sketches of this old
place as he found it in 1803. In the October of that year he
replaced the thatch with tile, and otherwise improved the place.
It was not long, however, before he began to contemplate the
erection of a new chapel. On September 16, 1808, he sent
plans of the proposed chapel and house to his brother James at
Lea In this letter he says : " I have been at Loftus every
month since May, but only one has offered to become a Catholic 1
Pray that God may touch their hearts, and enable me to speak
in such manner as to be of service to them. The last time I
was there I lodged in ye same room with an old man whose wife
had just before made an end of her life, first, by cutting her
throat, secondly, by hanging herself, and thirdly (ye string
breaking), by water, as she fell into a pail of water, and some
say was drowned. I had seen her a month before, and had
observed to ye old man, he and his wife would live well on some

222 TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
bacon which I saw hanging. He misunderstood me, and thinking
I was asking him if he never invited his wife to come to prayers,
'Oh,' said he, 'it is all in vain. I have asked her often.'
Poor soul ! she was of a most dark countenance, and advanced
in years. . . . Your alterations must be very trifling at Lea,
so that I hope they will not divert ye channel of your generosity
altogether from Ugthorpe. I calculate ye new buildings, &c.,
will cost between three and four hundred pounds. . .1
enjoy very good health, and am in hopes of being more comfort
able a great deal when I get into ye other house, which, I suppose,
will be soon after this time next year. Pray for irie that I may
not be so much attached to Ugthorpe as to forget heaven ....
Farewell." In 1810, the new chapel and house were opened, numerous
drawings of which, both coloured and plain, were sent by Mr.
Haydock to his relations. On August 2 of that year, he writes
to his mother : " I was highly pleased at ye receipt of your kind
letter to find that you were at last got out of the stocks, and
that ye letters of administration [to the estate of his brother
James, who died intestate], were at last obtained, though ye ex
pense for them, or for ye mistake of your ignorant parson in
writing our name wrong, seems quite exorbitant, and I cannot
be persuaded that it is authorised by ye law." This refers to
the parson having written the name as it was generally pro
nounced. Haddock. " I do not see how you could have acted
better than you have done, but ye lawyer and ye parson (or
surrogate, as he is called) might undoubtedly. However, they
are bad people to deal with in money matters, and if you think
you can get no good by speaking to them, or to another lawyer,
you may let them rest in peace for the present, and make restitu
tion if they can when their conscience will prick them to con
viction." . . " I went ten days ago to see Mr. Coghlan [Rev.
WiUiam, second son of James Peter Coghlan, the publisher], who
was on ye point of leaving Scarborough, and is now, I suppose,

THE HA YDOCK PAPERS. 223
settled at Burscough Bridge [Burscough Hall Chapel, Lancashire].
You will probably see him at ye meeting. Mr. [Rev. John]
Woodcock went along with me, and joins me in love and duty
to you and his relations. I think I shall be able to spend a few
weeks with you soon after Easter next better than now, and then
we can settle all. . . I expect ye masons next week to con
tinue with me till they have finished or nearly so at least"
In the meantime, Mr. Haydock's uncle, William Cottam, died
February 12, 1804, in his 85 th year. He bequeathed ;£'3000 to
pious uses, of which the college at Crook Hall received about
;£'2200 ; the Rev. William Irving, of Mowbreck Hall, some
three or four hundred for his new chapel at The Willows, Kirk
ham ; Sister Stanislaus Haydock, O.S.A., £200 for her convent ;
and the remainder for other religious objects. A part of his
estates was left to Miss Haydock and her three brothers. His
sister. Miss Elizabeth Cottam, George Leo's godmother, died
October 14, 1806, aged 86, and his brother, James Cottam, died
January 9, 181 1, aged 72, the last of his' family. Old WUUam
Cottam died of the stone, and just before his death made three
wUls within ten days, written by the Rev. William Irving, his
director. Bishop Gibson wrote to Mr. Haydock that his " two
uncles were the greatest benefactors of ye college." The will
was so worded, and written under such circumstances, that all
the bequests might have been set aside. Indeed, the Rev. Thos.
Eyre, the president of Crook Hall, said he would give nothing
for it The Haydocks, however, waived their claim, and said
nothing about it. Considering all this, Mr. Haydock, at a later
period, not unnaturally felt that he was harshly dealt with by
his superior, the Rev. Thomas Sherburne, vere Irving (brother to
Mr. William Irving), then V.G. in Lancashire to the Vicar
Apostolic of the Northern District.
Mr. Haydock continued at Ugthorpe until July, 18 16, when he
was ordered to reside at Whitby in succession to the Rev.
Nicholas Alain Gilbert, a learned and zealous French refugee

224 TH^ HA YDOCK PAPERS.
who had established the mission, and had returned to France Aug
20, 1815. From that date the mission had been served by Mr
Haydock from Ugthorpe. For the first year after his arrival in
Whitby, he served Scarborough alternately with Mr. Woodcock
of Egton Bridge, and afterwards Ugthorpe in like manner for ten
years. The chapel at Whitby, situated in Bagdale, was erected
by Mr. Gilbert, and opened AprU 10, 1805. Itwas then con
sidered a handsome erection, built of stone, furnished with an
organ, and capable of holding 300 persons. Mr. Haydock found
a debt of ;£'iooo upon it, which he reduced by £2,40.
After paying a visit to The Tagg, Mr. Haydock writes from
Whitby to his mother and sister, Oct. 3, 1818: "Being now
at the term of my peregrination, I can sit down with pleasure
to inform you of ye particulars. I came just in 'pudding time'
to Broughton Hall [co. York, the seat of Stephen Tempest, Esq.],
where I spent ye following rainy day and the next night We
played at cards both nights, and I won enough to defray all ye
subsequent expenses of my journey. Bravo ! Poor Mr. Pugh
[the chaplain], who had been represented as so morose, was
quite engaging, though losing 15s. one night would have almost
tempted any one to put on a sourer countenance. How seldom
do we receive a proper account of people's character ! We judge
from love and hatred. The rev. gentleman seemed to me quite
friendly enough with ye family. There were no ladies. I was
sorry not to find Catharine at home [she married in 1825 John
Nic. Coulthurst, of Gargrave, Esq.]. She would have gone with
her sister to New Hall [convent, Chemsford], but ye doctor
judged it unsuitable for her arm. Hence all but Monica [Mr.
Tempest's youngest daughter] would be at home this Saturday.
Next Tuesday will be Catharine's sixteenth birthday. If I had
been a week later, I should have fallen into it, and I should have
b?en able to rest at Ugthorpe, as next Sunday I must say
prayers there. But perhaps all is as well according to ye present
arrangement, as this is a time of indulgence, which I should

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS 225
•otherwise have missed. I was much pleased with the grandeur
of Broughton Hall, though much inferior to Trafford [Mr.
Tempest's fourth son Henry married in 1829 the second
daughter of Thomas Joseph Trafford, of Trafford Park, co.
Lancaster, Esq.]. I left it on Thursday at ten o'clock, and pro
ceeded on a most dismal and rough road to Ripon, thirty
miles, ye same I travelled over in 181 1, when my borrowed
mare fell about halfway at Fellbrook. I could not exactly
point out ye place. No great improvements seem to have taken
place there. I have bid an eternal adieu, I think, to that road.
On Friday morning I set out at six o'clock, and travelled very
pleasantly fifty miles, reaching Ugthorpe about seven. I found
all well except John Chapman, who complained of a great pain
in his back. I left him in bed on Saturday at ten o'clock, and
went to get a person to bleed him, proceeding afterwards to Mr,
Woodcock's [at Egton Bridge] to deliver his £25. He was well,
and desired his love to his sisters and compliments to you. To
morrow he proposes going to Scarborough to be absent about
ten days. After dinner, at two, and drinking a bottle of wine, I
set off for Whitby, and was more than usually tired when I
arrived about six, as I began my journey too soon after dinner,
and had a great-coat. All was in good order at my return. I
had a piece of your gingerbread to treat our friends at Ugthorpe
and Whitby. They all join in compliments to you, and would
have rejoiced if you had accompanied me. I hope you will
come when you can make it convenient and find a proper tenant
for our immense estates ! From ye foregoing narrative you
will conclude that I had a very pleasant journey, as usual. I
hope you will be favoured in like manner when you take courage
to try again. I found a letter from Mr. Gilbert waiting. It con
tained no news, only that he was busy on ye nlissions and very
cheerful, living at ye time at ye bishop's palace at Finisterre. I
must now think of my missionary duties, and begging my best

226 TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
respects to all friends as if named . . . yours for ever, G. L.
Haydock." A few years later, Mr. Haydock was relieved of the arduous
labour of attending to the missions of Ugthorpe and Scarborough.
In a letter to Dr. Gillow in 1849, he says : " I had the pleasure
of knowing your father, and accompanied your rev. brother,
Richard Gillow, in 1822, to take possession of his new mission as
my worthy successor at Ugthorpe and Scarborough [Dean
Gillow was ordained at Ushaw College on the preceding Dec. 21].
Unhappily his health would not permit him to stop above seven
months, and I was told by Rev. Nic. Rigby that we (Mr. Wood
cock and myself) ' did not help him,' though I remember during
ye time that Mr. Woodcock was for four weeks visiting his
friends at Preston, I had to travel over 150 miles visiting ye sick
of Mr. Gillow's flock, and of ye seven who died in seven months
I attended four gratis. We are on very friendly visiting terms
with Mr. Joseph Gillow [the Doctor's brother] and wife, the
daughter of Jane Haydock, my third cousin, when I go over
once a year to see my nieces." On a letter to Mr. Haydock from
Richard Gillow, dated Ugthorpe, July 4, 1822, in reference to his
mission, Mr. Haydock has endorsed : " R. Gillow attended Jane
PoweU, who died of scarlet fever, caught it and dyspepsy, so that
he could revisit Ugthorpe no more, and left Scarborough in Sept
[1823]. G. L. H. had to travel 150 miles for him and Mr. Wood
cock in six weeks gratis. Yet, Nic. Rigby heard we did not
assist R. Gillow enough ! . . . Mr. Gillow got a much better
place at Fernyhalgh, Lancashire, soon after Rev. Robert Bla-
cow's death." Thus Mr. Haydock resembled Chaucer's match
less picture of " the pore parsoun of a toune," who, he tells us,.
could in little things have suffiance :
'' Wyd was his parisch, and houses fer asundur,
But he lefte not for regn ne thondur.
In siknesse ne in meschief to visite
The ferrest in his parissche, moche and lite."

TEE EAYDOCK PAPERS. 227
It was at Ugthorpe that he undertook, at his brother's request,
the editorship of the Douay Bible and Rheims Testament, " with
useful notes, critical, historical, controversial, and explanatory*
selected from the most eminent commentators, and the most
able and judicious critics." The Text professedly adhered to
was that of Bishop Challoner, with all his notes, either verbatim
or at least given in their full sense, accompanied by others, ab
ridged and modernized, from Bristow, Calmet, Du Hamel, Estius,
Menochius, Bp. Walmesley, Tirinus, Worthington, Witham, and
others. To these the editor added his own original observations.
The whole was published in three large folio volumes, enriched
with many engravings, the last volume appearing in 18 14. The
characteristic of this edition is its new and copious annotations.
It is generally allowed to be the most useful one issued in the
English language, and it has passed through many editions both
in this country and America. Archdeacon Cotton informs us
that Mr. Haydock also composed a Paraphrase of the Psalms, in
the years 1805 and 1806.! This he intended to publish as an
accompaniment to some " Biblical Dissertations," which it was
proposed to print as a supplement to the Bible when finished.
The design, however^ was not carried into execution, and the
MS. fell into the hands of Dr. Cotton after Mr. Haydock's
death. It consists of 4 quarto vols., entitled " The Psalms and
Canticles in the Roman Office, paraphrased and illustrated, with
some choice observations of F. de Carrieres, Calmet, Rondet, &c.,
by George Leo Haydock." He likewise wrote a " Treatise on
the various points of difference between the Roman and Anglo-
Catholic Churches," which is still in MS.
His pen was never idle ; almost every volume of his immense
library contained annotations in his own handwriting on the fly
leaves and margins. He passed his observations upon almost
every subject, and amassed a pile of notes, " which," as he re
marked to Dr. Gillow, " if some curious antiquarian fall upon a
century hence, may surprise or amuse him, and perhaps posterity,

228 TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
as what you seem to be attempting may do also." The late Mr.
Alderman Brown, of Preston, possessed two volumes of his
miscellaneous extracts, and original pieces written in Hebrew,
Greek, Latin, French, and English. Some of his poetical pieces
are said to exhibit no mean power.
Besides his "Tree of Life," previously alluded to, Mr.
Haydock published, whilst at Whitby, " A CoUection of Catholic
Hymns," " A Key to the Eoman Catholic Office," " Conflicts of
Religion," "A New Collection of Catholic Psalms, &c.," and
" Prayers before and after Mass." He also edited the Eev. N. A.
Gilbert's " Method of Sanctifying the Sabbath Days at Whitby,
Scarborough, &c." He frequently communicated with the public
press, and occasionally was engaged in controversy.
On June 23, 1827, the Rev. Nicholas Rigby* succeeded Mr.
Woodcock at Egton Bridge, and relieved Mr. Haydock of the
mission at Ugthorpe, but declined to acknowledge the debt of
about £284. Mr. Haydock naturally objected to this treatment
after all he had done for Ugthorpe, the chapel having been
chiefly paid for out of his own private purse and the pockets of
his relatives. During no part of his missionary career could he
have lived upon the income he received from his poor flocks,
and maintained his position, had he not possessed an indepen
dent fortune of his own. He differed with his superiors as to
the justice of making him responsible for the debt, as they
claimed the property. Besides this, he also complained of an
other decision affecting the mission at Ugthorpe. When he leftj
Ugthorpe to reside in Whitby, "ye beginning of sorrows, 18 16,"
Dr. GiUow (senior), the president of Ushaw College, informed
him that a letter had been received by John Lawson and Wm.
* A few days after these papers were finished the writer observed the
notice of Mr. Rigby's death in the papers. He died at the presbytery, Ug
thorpe, Sept. 7, 1886, aged 86. He was born at Walton, near Preston, in
^ 1800, and was educated and ordained priest at Ushaw College. His mother
was Mary Cardwell, whose mother, Elizabeth, was daughter of James
Sidgreaves, of Inglewhite Lodge, co. Lancaster.

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS 229
White from Sir Harry Trelawny, requiring, or desiring at least,
the £300 which he had given for the girls' poor-school at Whitby
in 181 1, to be transferred to Ushaw College for their education.
" I thought this very strange," says Mr. Haydock, " but having
no documents left, supposed ye donation had been conditional,
and wrote to Mr. Gilbert [his predecessor in the mission], who
said it was absolute, and he had paid for ye writings, and spent
£20 on ye land purchased. In ye meantime Dr. Gillow said he
would be content with £200, but when I sold ye land for £375
he insisted on £300, at which I expressed my surprise or indigna
tion, and declined sending more unless forced by ye bishop.
The president sent back ye letter, and, on receiving Mr. Gilbert's
explanation, I and Mr. [Rev. John] Woodcock informed him,
and ever since have required the money to be refunded. Sir
Harry had fallen back to Protestantism in 1815, but died a
Catholic in Italy in 1834, and ye president's successors might
surely have gotten ye money from him. I can see no right that
ye college has to it" In a later letter to Dr. Gillow (junior), in
1849, Mr. Haydock says, "My desire for Mr. President [Mgr.
Chas. Newsham] seeing ye letter was that he might know that
my conscience is not still at rest about ye £200 gotten in 18 16
by ye college from Whitby girls'-school. I asked simply, as I
have done usque ad nauseam from ye different bishops and pre
sidents since, ' can an absolute donation be recalled, particularly
in such circumstances?' Sir H. Trelawny in 181 1 agreed to
pay for a piece of land which cost £300, hoping that ye present
Whitby Chapel might be turned into a school, or one built upon
ye land. His young daughter (a convert at 1 3, and ye occasion
of his becoming a Catholic and throwing up his livings) was
teaching at London, and there was some talk of his coming to
Whitby. Sir Harry came to see Ugthorpe old chapel, if it
would do for him as a sort of monastery, and put me to some
expense in vain. Hence I supposed that ye donation had been
conditional when I sent the £200. with which Dr. Gillow said

230 TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
he would be content, though Sir H. Trelawny had agreed to
pay ye college £300 for two boys from Whitby. When I heard
from Mr. Gilbert soon after, I found that Sir Harry had relapsed
to act as a parson awhile, and that ye donation was absolute."
These cases of conscience troubled Mr. Haydock very much,
and he could never bring his mind to submit to what he felt ab
solutely convinced were wrong decisions. These matters would
not have been treated here if allusion to his differences with his
superiors had not been made with such frequent publicity. He
complained of the various decisions, and demanded some reason
for them, which he never satisfactorily obtained.
Bishop Penswick, in a letter to Mr. Haydock, dated, Liver
pool, Aug. 16, 1828, says, " No doubt you have brought your
judgment to harmonize with your feelings, and thus your re
solves are deemed to be proper, but, were your council to be
sought on a simUar occasion, you would pronounce it dangerous
in another to decide when under the influence of irritation.
That you have received great provocation I , will not deny, at
the same time I see much to be lamented and much to be cen
sured, both in you and in Mr. N. Rigby. He shows too little
respect for superiority of years and experience, and you are
very blameable for the asperity with which you have treated
him." Eventually the bishop judged it best to remove Mr.
Haydock, and appointed him to Westby Hall, in Lancashire, in
spite of the petition of his congregation that he should be
allowed to remain at Whitby. He left Whitby on Sept 22,
1830, to take possession of his new mission, and though he only
remained for a short time at Westby, his connection "with the
place will serve for the introduction of a brief account of that
ancient mission.

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS. 23 1

" No more the voice of feasting is heard amid those hal^ls.
The grass grows o'er the hearthstone, the fern o'ertops the walls."
L. E. Landon.
The old hall, now a farmstead, is situated between Kirkham
and Lytham. It ceased to be occupied as a residence of the
manorial lords, the Cliftons, either after the death of Cuthbert
CUfton, a colonel in the royalist army in 1641, or during the
lifetime of his brother. Sir Thomas Clifton, who was created a
baronet in 1662, and died in 1694. The Cliftons maintained a
priest at Westby throughout the days of persecution. If he
was not at all times resident in the hall, Owing to the surveillance
of the pursuivants, he was not far distant, and perhaps some
times there was more than one priest attending to the wants of
the district About 1585 the council was informed that " ffather
Robinsonne [is] wth Mr. Cliffetonne of Molbricke [an error for
Westby] or w* M"s Tildestley at Standesaker " {Dom. Eliz. vol.
alxxxv. No. 85, P.R.O.) The Rev. T. E. Gibson, in his history of
Lydiate Hall, quotes a document in the Harleian MSS. : " 1586
— Richard Brittain, a priest receipted in the house of Wm.
Bennet of Westby about the beginning of June last, from whence
young Mr. Norrice of Speke conveyed the said Brittain to the
Speke as the said Bennet hath reported. The said Brittain
remayneth now at the house of Mr. Norrice of the Speke, as
appeareth by the deposition of John Osbadilston (by common
report)." This was the presentment of the Vicar of Kirkham.
The Bennets remained a good CathoUc yeomanry family for
long after this date. Thomas Bennett de Westby in Plumpton,
was a recusant in 1638, and Williaiji and Robert Bennett and
their wives appear in the recusant rolls between 1667 and 1679.
The names of the various members of the Clifton family, from

232 TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
the age of sixteen upwards, of course appear annually in the
rolls. Dom Gervase Gray, O.S.B., died at Westby Hall,
AprU 6th, 1641. His real name was very likely Gervase
Clifton. Edward Robinson, a roundhead major, had taken
possession of the hall in that year, and the cavaliers made an
unsuccessful raid on the place, and a good deal of skirmishing
was the result Perhaps this had something to do with the good
Benedictine's death. Towards the close of the 17th century,
Fr. Edward Barrow, S.J., a native of Westby, had charge of the
mission. On the iSth Jan., 1716, after the unsuccessful attempt
i>f the Chevalier de St. George, Fr. Barrow was convicted of
recusancy at the Lancaster Sessions, and was declared an outlaw.
Mr. Chambers Slaughter, the accountant-general to the Forfeited
Estates Commission, was very anxious to catch him, and the
description he gives of his proceedings to the commissioners
reads like a romance, or a thrilling narrative of a priest-hunt
in the days of Elizabeth.
Preston, Feb. 17, 17 16. — ^" I had a message yesterday that
Barrow, ye priest sometime since advised ye off, was selling his
household goods and making off, so I went last night in the
evening to have a watchfuU eye on him, but found all quiett,
and am again assur'd there is good quantity of plate for ye use
of Chappell, and not only this but of two more within 4 miles.
This I gather'd from one of ye dragoons who was of those con
gregations about 4 years since, but now a true protestant, and
was privy to all those secret places, which made me so desirous
of an order for these purposes. And they are now like to march
before I can have your answer. It is very probable that both
parchments and papers might be found on a diligent search that
might cause good discoverys in all other houses."
Preston, Feb. 26, 1716. — "I have received the warrant to search
Barrow's house, who is both a priest and outlaw'd ; I shall do my
best to secure what he has, but as everything remains about him
very quiett, and he absconded again last week, I would gladly

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS. 233
he should returne home first, being only att Mr. Clifton's [at
Lytham], for I have constant notice where he goes.'
Preston, 8 Mar., 1716. — "I was yesterday at Westby Hall, but
could not find the priest, tho' I am pretty confidant he is not far,
nor does he absent himself long at a time, the larder and cellar
being weU stored and of the best, and only one domestic appear
ing, who, as in all these cases knows nothing of the matter, not-
. withstanding an old clock, the linnen and pewter, and, if any good
furniture, was all made off or hid the night before ; there is
nothing of any valine remaining, only some necessary utensils
below stairs, which may sell for something among the country
people. But making a very narrow search, up two pair of stairs
in the Chappell, and sounding the walls of the chimney, I found
an entrance about 20 inches square painted as brick worke,
which could not have been distinguished by the eye, but striking
a spitt into several places I accidently struck through here, and
found a large opening. The conveniences of a ladder there
fixed, I went down, and removing some little rubbish discovered
a large quantity of folio books, among which several MSS., a
large gilt head of St Ignatius, some altar linnen, and a crucifix ;
then I came to some more rubbish, but sounding for a bottom
with a large spitt, could find none, so conclude it goes to the
bottom of the house. It being late I charged the constable with
one man more and my own servant to abide there in the house.
I nailed upp two doors to prevent more passages than one, so
came home last night about nine o'clock. .... This morn ye
sheriffe (Mr. Robarts) is gone to take care, and this afternoon I
design to go myself againe with some workmen to assist, other
ways would be impossible to come att the bottom. There being
likewise two places more that I suspect from the hoUowness.
Some expenses I must be in at on this ahd such like occasions,
but I shall be as good a husband for the publick as possible.
There is a great quantity of hay, which I design to gett away
believing severall things concealed there. All I hope to gett

2 34 ^liE HA YDOCK PAPERS
away too-morrow. I will not fail advising you again next post,
being— Hontl- Sirs, your most obedient humble servt, Chambers
Slaughter. The maid at last own'd that everything was thrown
in there upon notice of the defeat att Preston."
Preston, Mar. lo, 1716.— "Hon. Sirs,— Since my last I have
been againe att Westby Hall with some workemen, and after a
thorough search have not found anything besides the books,
priests' vests, some altar and household linnen, and a large
picture of ye Virgin Mary, which I suppose by the size cover'd
the wall at the altar. There remain in the house all the kitchen
furniture (pewter excepted) and other goods in the larder very
good of the sort, but all of no great valine, a quantity of hay,
about, I believe, ten loads, and a great stack of turff. I have
taken care of these things and shall attend your orders in relation
thereunto .... The last instance of these people's disregard was
last night coming thro' Kirkham. The people came out and
forct in the two horses which were hir'd from thence to bring
Barrow's books, &c., to Preston. But by the help of constable
whom I charg'd, and some other assistance, I forct out the horses
again, and brought off ye goods. The reason, I apprehend,
must be disaffection. These things I think proper to hint to
you being resolv'd to trouble ye Board with no more complaints."
Preston, Mar. 19, 1716. — "I do find by Mr. Shawe and Mr.
Richardson that . . . Barrow is outlaw'd, and so shall proceed
as you direct by appraizment, three days notice, and sale. The
same was done att Manchester in the case of Gartside's goods,
when Mr. Mosman and self were svvorne appraisers, but nobody
buying, I was forct to bid by another hand and take the gpods
in my possession, so that the Act was comply'd witL If you'l
have the goods putt up to publick sale againe at Liverpooie it
shall be done forthwith.". (5*. 54, Forfeited Estates, P.R.O.)
Fr. Barrow, like his grand-nephew, the Rev. John Barrow, of
Claughton, possessed extraordinary force of character. He was
a famous hunter, and used to follow the hounds with Squire

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.

235

Clifton. Probably he was present with old Mr. Harris and the
Rev. Richard Penketh at the famous Stonyhurst buck-hunt in
1712, recorded in song by Mr. Cottam, the schoolmaster at
Hurst Green : — " No river, mount, or dale can stay
His passage, but he finds a way
Through all obstructions, past compare
In hunting otter, buck, or hare."
He proved himself a match for Mr. Chambers Slaughter, and
remained at Westby till his death in August, 1721, aged 61.
His immediate successor was Fr. John Berington, alias Harper,
S.]., chaplain to Wm. Hesketh, of the Maynes, Little Singleton
Esq. Fr. Harper was likewise a keen sportsman. On May 31,
1712, Thomas Tyldesley, the Jacobite squire, records in his diary
:going to Layton Hayes, near Blackpool, to see a race between
Fr. Harper's mare and that of the Rev. Nicholas Sanderson.
"A greatt deall of good company " assembled to witness the
contest between the worthy Jesuit and secular priests. Nicholas
¦Sanderson was an old school-fellow of the diarist first at Lady
well, Fernyhalgh, and afterwards at St Omer's College. Event
ually, he was ordained priest at the English College at Rome.
Tyldesley does not state the result of the race, but it is not
unreasonable to assume that the Jesuit proved his superiority as
.a trainer, for Nick's nephew and namesake sent his son to St.
Omers' and the family ever afterwards remained staunch to the
Society. The Rev. William Winckley, subsequently rural-dean
¦of Leyland Hundred, was present at the race, and accompanied
the diarist to Mr. Clifton's at Lytham after the sport was over.
A little later, on June 18, the Jacobite company again met at
Lytham Hall, and after dinner Fr. Harper once more entered
his grey mare, " 14 and an inch," to contest the same course with
Sir Francis Andrews, Bart, James Singleton of RaygiU, the
¦diarist's son, Edward Tyldesley, and the young lord of Rawcliffe,

236 TEE UA YDOCK PAPERS.
Richard Butler, of whom unhappily the last three were so soon
to stake and lose their estates in the Chevalier de St. George's
dash for the throne in 1715.
When Bishop Williams made his visitation of Lancashire in
the beginning of 1729, the Westby congregation was included in
that of Lytham under Fr. John Bennett, and 247 were confirmed
at the hall. In 1741, Fr. Bennett removed to Highfield, near
Wigan, and Fr. Harper took his place at Lytham Hall,
where be remained till his death, August 28, 1743, aged 70.
Fr. Roger Leigh, S.J., who entered the Society in 1728, came
from Liverpool to Westby when Fr. Harper left During Fr.
Barrow's troubles, and probably for some years afterwards,,
WiUiam Lathom was the tenant-farmer of Westby Hall. The
Lathoms were connections of the Leighs of AspuU, for Fr. Roger
Leigh died at the house of his nephew, Thomas Lathom, in
Wigan Lane, Jan. 29, 178 1, aged 73. Fr. Roger was apparently
the son of James Leigh, of AspuU, son of Roger Leigh, of the
same place, both non-jurors in 1717. In or before 1745 he was
succeeded by Fr. W^illiam Weldon, alias Hunter, S.J., from Ince
Blundell who died here in 1761. Fr. Thornas Cuerden, S.J.,
then took charge of the mission, which he retained until 1791,.
when he removed to Scholes, near Prescot, and died in 1793.
On Sept 21, 1784, Bishop M. Gibson visited Westby, and
confirmed 78 persons, the number of communicants in the
congregation being returned at 360. Some time previous
to Fr. Cuerden's time, it was customary for Mr. Clifton's chap
lain to say an eariy mass at Lytham Hall and a later one at
Westby Hall. After Fr. Cuerden's removal, Westby ceased to-
be a Jesuit mission, the Society having been suppressed in 1773,
From 1791 to 1820, the mission was served by Dom Richard
Bernard Butler, O.S.B., grandson of Xfr. Butler, youngest son of
Richard Butler, Esq., of Rawcliffe Hall, by his wife Catherine,.
daughter of Thomas Caru's, of Halton HaU, Esq. Fr. Butler
was succeeded by the Rev. Thomas Pinnington, who retained

TEE HAYDOCK PAPERS 237
possession of the mission until 1830. It seems, however, that
Dom Peter Athanasius AUanson, O.S.B., served at the chapel
during a short period, probably immediately after his ordination
in 1828. The Rev. George Leo Haydock took possession of the
mission on Sept 25, 1830. He only remained eleven months,
and on Aug. 22, 1831, the Rev. John Dixon was installed in the
mission, and remained until the Cliftons closed the chapel in
1845. The income of the mission at this time, Mr. Haj'dock says,
writing in 1847, amounted to about ;^ioo. "John Clifton paid.
lor all repairs, several hundreds, while I was there. But in Aug.,
1831, his son Thomas went over to ye Protestant church, and after
some years shut up ye chapel, and my successor, John Dixon, got to
Cottam happily. John Clifton died Mar. 23, 1832, near London,
perhaps still a Catholic, and was brought to be buried at Lytham.
His son, upon whose wife I once called, about June, 1831, was
zealous for ye Protestant church. He had never been so for ye
Catholic church, though educated at St Cuthbert's CoUege, and —
marrying a Protestant clergyman's daughter, said to have been a
Jewess, and both gamblers — probably neglecting a good
conscience, easily made shipwreck of ye faith. May he return
before it be too late. His son (John Talbot Clifton, who returned
to the faith before his death) got awhile to be M.P. for North
Lancashire, and talked foolishly about ye Protestant prayer-
¦ book, denying that there was any prayer for 'plenty' and
against ' dearth,' being a protectionist The Clifton family has
injured ye congregation at Westby, which had just beautified ye
chapel at £100 expense. The father of Thomas, and son of ye
admired old squire, had formerly suppressed Salwick chapel, and
had a lawsuit (in which he was cast) with Mr. Lund, &c., on ye
death of good old Rev. Wilson. The judge said he might have
been transported, and he was probably ye first who had thus
acted towards his own church. He lived at variance with his
wife Riddell (daughter of Thos. Horton Widdrington Riddell, of

238 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
Swinburne Castle), and all this tended to his ruin. We must
pray for all benefactors— as ye family was long— and for enemies
too." The old chapel attached to Westby Hall stood at the western
end of the building, and hardly a trace of it can now be seen.
It was erected in 1741, and was formally opened on May i, 1742.
Like most of the other chapels in the Fylde, it ^Yas " up-steps."
After its closure in 1845, the congregation was annexed to Tbe
Willows, Kirkham, but the rapid development of the Catholic
population soon rendered the church there far too small for
those attending it Consequently, Dean Fred. Hines, o.f
The Willows, purchased from Col. John Talbot Clifton, of
Lytham, a site for a new chapel at Westby, a short distance
from the hall. Miss Elizabeth Dalton, of Thurnham Hall, paid
for the land ; Miss Orrell, of Blackbrook, gave ;£'500 ; Mr. W.
Billington, of Kirkham, bore the entire expense of the chancel -
Mr. John Hodgson, of Goosnargh, gave £100 ; and Mr. John
Sidgreaves, of Lytham, a smilar amount The foundation-stone
of the new church, which is dedicated to St Anne, was laid
May 31, 1859, by Bishop Goss, and on Aug. 26, i860, it was
opened. The design of the church is peculiar, being one of the
bishop's ideas carried out by the younger Pugin. For fourteen
months after the opening Dean' Hines served the mission from
The Willows, after which his curate, the Rev. William Ball, was
appointed to take charge of it
l^fje ^aXazn Eagg.
" Though in the paths of death I tread,
With gloomy horrors overspread.
My steadfast heart shall fear no ill.
For thou, O Lord, art with me still ;
Thy friendly crook shall give me aid.
And guide me through the dreadful shade." Addison.
As Mr. Haydock did not cease to press his claims and to

THE EA YDOCK PAPERS. 239.
dispute the justice of the various decisions of the arbitrators and
of his superiors, the bishop suspended him on Aug. 31, 1831,
from saying Mass and exercising his priestly functions. Mr.
Haydock retired quietly to " The Golden Tagg," the title of
endearment he gave to his home. In the autumn of the following
year he addressed an appeal in Latin to the prefect of propaganda
which he requested his old pupil. Bishop Gradwell, the late
agent for the vicars apostolic at Rome, to transmit thither. But
the bishop instead sent it to the superior against whom Mr.
Haydock appealed. On Jan. 29, 1S37, after Bishop Penswick's
death, Mr. Haydock petitioned that he might be allowed to fit
up an altar and say Mass privately at his residence. The Golden
Tagg, and later, he a third time appealed to Rome direct.
Shortly after he was informed by the vicar-general, Mr. Sher
burne, "without any explanation," that he might go to the
mission at Penrith.
Thus for eight years and a quarter the old man resided at
The Tagg, devoting himself to study, with his books all around
him, lining the walls, and piled in heaps on the floors.^ His
banishment was indeed long, yet he could afterwards say with.
Prospero : " Me, poor man 1 my library
Was dukedom large enough.'' Shakespeare — Tempest, Sc. II.

" At church, with meek and unaffected grace.
His looks adorn'd the venerable place ;
Truth from his hps prevail'd with double sway, ^
And fools, who came to scoff, remain'd to pray."
Goldsmith— Deserted Village.
After the so-called Reformation, and during the time when
X The sale of his library by public auction at Preston, by Mr. H. C. Walton,
in July, 185 1, occupied a week. It contained many curious Catholic iVLbb.

240 THE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
the penal laws were in vigorous operation, the ancient faith had
still a few adherents in Penrith. Mr. Walker, in his history of
the town, tells us that an entry in the parish register records
that upon the 19th of June, 168 1, five Catholics were summoned
to appear before the chancellor at Penrith. This summons
appears to have been disregarded, for an excommunication by
the bishop of Carlisle, under the seal of the office, was shortly
afterwards published, and the contumacious parties were de
nounced by the vicar as excommunicated, while several other
persons who were summoned along with the Catholics, having
made proper submission, were absolved, and their absolution
publicly proclaimed. In 1717, the Catholics who registered
their estates in the vicinity, were Henry Charles Howard, of
Greystoke Castle ; Joyce Mounsey, widow of Cuthbert Mounsey
of Stainton ; her son John, of the same place, yeoman ; John
Robinson, of Brockell Moor, in Lazonby ; and Lancelot Garth,
of Hesket, yeoman — all in the county of Cumberiand ; and in
Westmoreland, John Huddleston, of Hail Grange, in Newbiggin,
gent The Blencowes, of Blencowe Hall, were Catholics at one
period, Hutton John belonged to the Huddlestons, and the last
of the Fletchers of Hutton Hall died a Catholic. But there is
no record of where the Catholics of Penrith attended Mass.
Perhaps it was the Franciscans who served the district at this
time, for it was Fr. Martin {k S. Carolo) Grimstone, O.S.F., who
converted Sir Henry Fletcher, of Hutton Hall, co. Cumberiand.
The good baronet was the son of Sir George Fletcher by his
wife, Alice, daughter of Hugh, Viscount Colerain., Betham calls
him "a gentleman of great hopes and expectations." He was
educated in the Protestant religion, but became a Catholic and
settled his estate of about £1,500 a year on a distant relation,
Thomas Fletcher, of Moresby, Esq., reserving only a small com-
petency for hfe. He then retired to Douay, and fitted up aq
apartment for himself adjoining the English Franciscan monas
tery dedicated to St Bonaventure. There he died. May 19

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS 24 1
1 7 12, in the S4th year of his age. He was buried on the north
side of the choir, before the high altar, in the beautiful conven
tual church which he had just erected for the friars at his own
expense. It was solemnly consecrated by Clement, Archbishop
of Cologne, on the following Nov. 13. By a codicil to his will
Sir Henry left legacies to the amount of £850, which the com
missioners for forfeited estates in 17 16 declared to be for super
stitious uses. The money was accordingly seized, as also " a
large altar, with other plate of Sir Henry Fletcher's," which sold
for £96a Of the latter sum, £225 was paid to the discoverer.
" No marble decks thy grave to tell
The tale of one I loved so well ;
But Angel eyes thy vigil keep,
And Uving forms come here to weep."
Phil. Hen. Howard, of Corby.
On May 22, 1833, a large room situated on the south side of
the churchyard at Penrith, was opened as a chapel, which was
attended from Wigton by the Rev. John Dowdall, every fort
night In the following year, for a short time, Penrith
v.'as similarly served by the Rev. John Kelly. In 1835,
or perhaps towards the close of the previous year, the
Rev. Henry Newsham was appointed to reside in Penrith,
but in 1836 he left and was succeeded by the Rev. James
Seddon, who resided with his mother in the town. In
1838 the Rev. John Fielding Whitaker took possession of
the mission. He did not stay many months, however, and
in 1839 the Rev. Patrick Phelan, a young priest just or
dained, was placed at the mission. He was soon removed to St
Marie's, Wigan, and on Nov. 22, 1839, the Rev. George Leo
Haydock arrived at Penrith.
Though advanced in years Mr. Haydock energetically laboured
for the establishment of the mission on a firm footing, and to
him and his influence the CathoUcs of Penrith are greatly in
debted for the erection of their present chapel. There was
great difficulty in securing an eligible site, for the land which had

242 tEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.
been purchased, through the assistance of Henry Howard, Esq.,
of Corby Castle, was required by the Lancaster and Cariisle Rail
way Company. The mission owed its foundation to Lady Cather
ine Throckmorton of Cariton, in Yorkshire— to whose hus
band Cowper, the poet, dedicated some of his pieces— and
Mr. Howard's son, the late Philip Henry Howard, Esq.,
was one of Lady Throckmorton's executors. She died
Jan. 22, 1839, and a mural tablet was erected in the new
chapel to her memory, as well as a handsome stained glass
window, which informs us that she was the foundress of the
mission. It was not till shortly before his death that Mr. Hay
dock succeeded in securing a new site, and in making prepara
tions for the erection of the chapel. His congregation was of
the poorest class, and but for his own private means he could
not have lived out of what they were able to afford him. In
spite of these circumstances he was ever mindful of the necessi
ties of others. Amongst his papers is a letter dated Dec. 20,
184s, from the Right Rev. Mgr. Charles Newsham, president of
Ushaw College, acknowledging the receipt of a donation of
£100 — £20 towards the new church, and X80 towards the edu
cation of poor students.
On Sept 16, 1849, he wrote to The Tagg, — " I must confess
I am not in my best fashion, and hence I have excused myself
from saying afternoon prayers at ye chapel — ^ye first time these
nearly ten years. Seeing the little fruit, I could not refrain from
tears, particularly as the third Sunday in September is the feast
of the seven sorrows of ye Blessed Virgin, and I could hardly
get through ye Stabat Mater, which you may find most affect
ing at page 15 of the new Hymn Book which I gave you. The
most afflicted Mother stood, &c. I had other subjects of sorrow
to dwell upon. Last Wednesday week a tramp, 27 years old,
who with her mother became serious (at my instigation perhaps)
about six years ago, and who was at communion a month before
at Cockermouth, where ye cholera is raging (as in many parts of

TEE EA YDOCK PAPERS.

243

England and Europe), fell down on ye moor, and was found
with her mother and brother by a gentleman. He gave them
IS. to get some brandy, and they were conveyed to a public-
house about eight miles from Penrith. They were placed by
the overseer, Wilson, in an outhouse intended for calves or pigs,
without a door or a stool, on straw. The doctor did not think
she would live twelve hours then, yet I was not informed till
Saturday. . . . She wished very much to see me. Accordingly
I hired a horse, and was two hours on ye road going. I set off
at two and got home about seven, much shaken, though I went
slowly." He then describes the illness with which he was seized,
and of which he at first thought he should die. " But I must
stay at my post, though unworthy and almost useless . . . Your
snug parlour would not be comfortable if I thought I was not
working while it was day for me — night is coming. My school
fellow. Rev. Thomas Gillow, four years older, has resigned on
account of old age. Most at my time of life have indeed retired
to prepare more immediately for eternity. Still, if God give
ability He requires us to labour to ye end."
" In all my wand'rings round this world of care.
In all my griefs — and God has giv'n my share —
I still had hopes my latest hours to crown.
Amidst Tag^s humble bowers to lay me down."
Goldsmith — Deserted Village.
Eight days before his death he again wrote to The Tagg, —
" This day ten years ago I set off to come hither, and though
near 76, 1 still continue pretty well, except occasionally having
ye pain at ye heart or breast, chiefly when I walk rather fast"
This was his last letter ; he died at Penrith on the 29th of Nov.,
1849, and there was interred.
" The good old man is gone !
He is gone to his saintly rest.
Where no sorrow can be known.
And no trouble can molest,
For his crown of life is won.
And the dead in the Lord are blest." Doane,

244 TEE HA YDOCK PAPERS.
He was succeeded by his accomplished friend and relative,
the Very Rev. Robert Smith, son of his cousin Jane Haydock,
who erected the chapel, which was opened about seven months
after Mr. Haydock's decease, and also built the presbytery, in
great measure at his own expense. In i860 he enlarged the
chapel, which is a pretty piece of ecclesiastical architecture, en
shrouded by trees in a lovely situation. Canon Smith had
studied at Ushaw College and St Sulpice, and for nine years
after his ordination was chaplain at Haggerstone Castle. His
correspondence with Mr. Haydock shows him to have been a
man of deep thought and cultivated mind. He remained at
Penrith until 1867, when he removed to Gainford, near Dariing-
ton, where he remained tUl 1869, in a declining state of health.
After that he spent some time on the Continent, and a few years
before his death opened a mission on Holy Island, whence he
retired to Kyloe Cottage, Beal, close to the scene of his first
missionary labours. There he died. Sept 7, 1879, aged 67, and
was interred at St Ninian's, Wooler. While at Penrith he
erected in the chapel a mural tablet to the memory of his rela
tive, bearing the following inscription : —
"Rev. George Leo Haydocic,
Priest of this Mission.
Nat : April 11, 1774.
Obiit : Nov. 29, 1849,"
Tristitia vestra vertetur in gaudium.
» , , , , ^ Haydocic motto.
" My task is done— my song hath ceased— my theme
Has died into an echo ; it is fit
The spell should break of this protracted dream.
The torch shall be extinguish'd which hath lit
My midnight lamp— and what is writ, is writ, 
Would it were worthier ! but I am not now
That which I have been— and my visions flit
Less palpably before me — and the glow
Which in my spirit dwelt is fluttering, faint, and low."
ChUde Harold.
THE END.

INDEX AND ELUCIDATION

Acton Burnell, Benedictine Coll., 163.
Alice, Dame, vide Harrison.
AUanson, P.A., O.S.B., 237.
AUen, arms, 30. Card., 7, 9, 17, 18, 21, 23, portrait attacked 30, 32, 35, 36,
death 37, 84. Cath., 39. Eliz., 32. Mrs. Eliz., 22, 30, 39. Fam. of
Rossall, 30. Geo., 7. Mary, 32.
Allerton Park, 136.
Allhalloween, customs, 24.
Alston-cum-Hothersall, 63.
Alt Grange, chap. 212.
Altrincham, mission, 205.
Amarigo, Aug., 140.
Ambesbury, convent O.S.A., 185.
Anderson, Sir W., pr., imprisoned, 219.
Anderton, brothers, 9, 10. Hugh, 42, 85. Jane, 3 42, 85.
Andrews, Sir F., 235.
Anne, Queen, Jacobite rejoicings on the death of, 45
Appleton, mission, 207.
Argyle, Earl of, 47.
Arkwright, James, 140.
Armagh, Archbp. of, 33.
Arras, prison, 142, 145, 150 seq.
Arundelian collection, destruction of part of, 49.
ArundeU, students at Old Hall, 171.
Ashton, Sir W., 2. — In-Makerfield, 135, 139, 163.
„ — Super-Ribble, 55. — Under-Lyne, 5, manor and suppressed chantiy, 9.
Aske, Robt., 3, 4.
Assheton, arms 17. Heiresses, 5, 9. Sir John de, 9.
„ Sir Rich., 5. Sir Thos., 5, 9.
Aston, heiresses, 171. Waite?; baron, 170.

246 INDEX.
Aughton, school, 159. Mission, 210, 212
Augustinian convents, St. Monicds, 56. St. Ursula's, 46.
Aylmer, Geo., 137.

Baggs, Bp. C. M., description, 1S9-90.
Baine, or Baynes, John, alias Kendal, pr., 53-4.
Baines, Jno., 132. Roger, 38.
Baker, Geo., 191.
Ball, Edw., pr., 220. Jno., pr., 206. Wm., pr. 239.
Bamber, Edw., pr. and martyr, escapes from keepers, 59, 60.
Banister, HaU, 45, 67. Jno., pr., 169. Rob., pr., 79 seq., 83, 90-I, 165-6, 168.
Bank Hall, 57, 60 seq., 88.
Barrett, students at Old HaU, 172.
Barrow, Edw., S.J., outlawed, 232, himted by pursuivant, 233 seq. Jno., pr.,
234-
Barry, Wm., 136.
Bartle, 46, 88. Hall, 52, 56.
Barton, 61, 68, 73. Jno., 65. — On-Irwell, mission, 205, chapel erected 206.
Bastwell, James and Mary, 212.
Bates, Jno., 137.
Bath, 132, 165, 189.
Bayley, Mrs., school, 184.
Beacham, Wm., pr., 132, 177.
Beaumont, Fris., poet, 190. Joseph, pr., 130. Trusty, gardener to James II.
51-
Beck, Edw., 137.
Bedingfeld, students at Old Hall, 171.
Bell, Fold, 71. Jno., pr., 117, 132, 176, 192-3.
BeUarmine, Card., catechism transl. by Dr. Haydock, 39.
Benedictine Congregation restored, 39.
Benison, Thos., of Hornby, 67.
Bennett, fam. of Westby, chap., 231. Jno., S.J., 236.
Benson, vide Robt. Haydock, O.S.B.
Berington, Cath.. O.S.A., 185. Jno., S.J., 235-6. Thos., Dean of the Chap
ter, 170.
Bernard, vide Wm. Husband, pr.
Berry, Thos., pr. 55, 131, 186, 193.
Betts, J. P., pr., 170.

INDEX. ,.,247
Billington, 88. Tkos., verses, 69. Wm., 238.
Bilsborrow, 77. Anne, 76. Chanty, 55, 75. Jno., 53, 55. jnu., pr., 75-
Rich., outlaw, 63-4. Wm., 53, 55.
Birchley, mission, 139.
3irkacre, seat of Chadwicks, 215.
Birmingham, mission, 133.
Bishop-Auckland, i9S.~Middleham, i^i.— Stotford, 17$.— Thornton, mis
sion, 134.
Blackbrook House, chap., 80., 131, 238.
Blackburne, Jennet, co-heiress, 61. Rick., 62.
Blackpool, 235.
Blackwell, Geo., archpriest, 37.
Blacow, Robt., pr., 132, 165, 193, 195, 226
Blainscough Hall, 22-3, plunder o^ 32.
Blandford, mission, 185.
Blencowe, of Blencowe Hall, 240.
Bloody-lane-Ends, place where felons were hanged, 71.
Blount, Hen. Tichborne, Pres. of Douay, 79. Students at Old HaU, 172.
Blundell, of Carside, fam., 215. Fris., S.J., 211, 215. Fris., pr.,
215-6. Nic, 213. Mary, 61. Rich., 20. Wm., of Crosby, 21.
Boggarts, 24.
Boithamon, Albert, 139-40. Hen., 139.
Bolton, Joseph, pr., 184.
Bonds, church erected, go.
Bordley, S. G., pr., 159, 211.
Bostock, Geo., pr., 218.
Bosworth, (Husbands), chap., 133,
Bowers House, 52. chap., 67.
Bowland, Fris., pr., 133, 174, 177.
Bradkirk HaU, 80.
Bradley, in-Burtonwood, I. Jno., pr., 138-9, 191-2.
Bradshaigh, fam. of Haigh, Sir Roger deprived of his religion, 18.
Bradshaw, Jno., pr., 220. W. H., pr., 74.
Bray, Hen., dies at Douay, 85. Thos., also dies there, 139.
Brecon, mission, 136.
Breck, mission, 80.
Brennan, Thos., 140.
Brettargh, Rich., deacon, dies in prison, 141, 159. Rich., if^i). Holt, 159.
Bridgewater, Jno., D.D., 31-2.
Briggs, Bp. Jno., 33.

248 INDEX.
Brighton, debt on the Pavilion paid off with the French indemnity for Douay
College, 141.
Brindle Lodge, 77.
Bristow, Dr. Rich., 227.
Brittain, Rich., pr. 231.
Brockhampton, mission, 143.
Brockholes, fam. of Claughton, 69. Jno., 63, 69. Roger, pr., 62-3, 72.
Thos. Fitzherbert, 74.
Broderick, Rich., pr., 127, 135, 177.
Brook Green, school, 130.
Brooms, The, 130.
Broughton, Lane, chantry, 57. Chapelry, 60. Tower, 20, 57, 59, 60.
Hall, Yorks, chap., 224-5.
Brown, Alderman, 228. Geo., first bp. of Liverpool, 84, 127. Mr., profes
sor at St. Omer, 145. James, pr., 169. Rich., 84.
Browne, of Ribbleton, 2. Roger, 1$.
Bruges, Augustinian convent, 126, 128. Jesuit Coll. at St. Omer removed
here, 142.
Bryn, seat of Gerards, 17, 163.
Bulbeck, Jno., 140.
BuUer, Jno., S.J., 211.
Bulsnape Manor, 66.
Burghley, Cecil, Lord, 7, 19, 22, 27, y;.
Burial-fees in Catholic cemeteries demanded by parsons, 75.
Burn Hall, chap., 139.
Burnley Wood, 210.
Burscough, Hall, mission, 211, 223. Priory, I.
Burton, Xfer, S.J., 214.
BusheU, Joseph, 62.
Butler, Alban, hagiographer, 79, 142. Xfer, 21st, child, 237. Rich., 45, 236.
Rich., 236. R. B., O.S.B., 236. Thos., pr., vide Wolfall. Fam. o£
Ireland, students at Old HaU, 172.
Byrom, Jno., of Manchester, Jacobite toast, 53.
Calderbank, Leonard, chaplain at Spetisbury, 188-9,
Callaly Castle, chap., 130, 134.
Campion, Edm., S.J., martyr, 18 seq., 27, 33.
Canford House, Cannelite convent, 173.
Canning, Fris., 126-7.

INDEX. 24^
Cardwell, Mary, Eliz., 22S.
Cariisle, proposed bp. of, 37. Mission established, 130, 134.
Carlton Hall, 83, 147, 242.
Carr, HiU, 77. James, Canon, and Wilfrid, pr., 216.
CanoU, Thos., pr., 75.
Carter, Hen., pr., 73, 75, 20S. James, pr., 73. Jno., pr., 72-3. Rich., Robt.,
73-
Carthusians, last of the, 35.
Cams, Thos., 236.
Catchfield, 46-7.
Catforth, 172. Hall, 68.
Caton, Mary, 194. Thos., pr., 55, 77, 210 seq. Thos., 77, 194.
Catrow, Chas., chaplain at St. Monica's, Louvain, 165.
Cecil, vide Lord Burghley. Mildred, yj.
Chadwick, Jno., 215. Jno., pr., 215-6.
Chahce, ancient, at LadyweU, 58.
ChaUoner, Rich., Bp., ¦ii, 59, 164, co-operates in the foundation of Old all,
172, 184.
Chambers, Chas., 59.
Chapels up-steps, 70, 238.
Chapman, Jno., 77, 225.
Charles Edward, Prince, 52, retreat of, 53, march of, 72, 219.
Charlton, of Hesleyside, students at Old Hall, 172.
Charnley, Hugh, 58.
Charnock, Richard, 15.
Cheesebum Grange, chap., 139, 174.
Chepstow, mission, 131.
Chester, Bp. of, 7-8, 68, 76. Recusants confined at, 7. Mission, 131, 135.
Chronogram, double, 39.
Clarkson, Jno., pr., 109, 134, 165, 175, 177. Rich., 68.
Claughton HaU, 63, 69, 74. Chap, and mission, 72, 140, 234.
Clavering of Callaly, 134.
Clayton, Jno., Thos., 61.
Clenock, Dr. Maurice, 35.
Clifford, Arthur, 136. Lewis, 137. Students at Old Hall, 171.
Clifton, Lauc i. Gloucester, 130. Cuth., keeps a chaplain, 231. CoL
Cuth., 231. Gervase, alias Gray, O.S.B. 232. Jno., closes the chapel
at Salwick Hall, 207, has a lawsuit about the altar furniture, 237.
Hall-yard, 207. Col. Jno. Talbot, M.P., talks foolishly, ultimately
returns to the faith, 237-8. Sir Thos., Bart., 231. Thos., 233, 235.

2SO INDEX.
Thos., the admired old squire, 237. Thos., turns Protestant, closes
Westby Hall Chapel, 237, of Ward's House, 207, of Westby Hall, 231.
Students at Old Hall, 172. Wm., S.J., 214-5.
Clock House, Lea, 57.
Cock, Thos., pr., 139, 174, 190, 192.
Cockermouth, mission, 242.
Cockersand, Robt., Abbot of, I.
Coghlan, J. P., publisher, 84, entertains Douay refugees, 126, 167, 183, 222.
Eliz., 126. Wm., pr., 222.
Colerain, Hugh Visct., 240.
Compostella, St. Martin's, 40.
Conyers, Rowland, 220.
Cook, Thos., 134, a sly fellow, once a Methodist, 202.
Coombes, W. H., D.D., 121, 131, 164-5, 168, 176-7.
Cooper, or Cope, Jane, 73.
Corbishley, fam. of Cockersand Abbey, 67.
Corby Castle, 241-2.
Corker, James Maurus, O.S.B., 34.
Corless, Dr. Geo. J. A., 56.
Corney, Chas. Fred., 142. 171.
C9rnthwaite, Rich., pr., 142.
Costello, Edm., 140.
Cottam, I. burial-ground, 57. chapel, 34, destroyed, 53-4, 73, new
erection, 54 seq.. 70, 76 seq., 84, 132, 186, 195, wanting in height, 208,
210. Eliz., 91, 223. fam., 42. Hall, described, 2 seq., 22, raid on,
32, 36, 42, 44, puUed down, 46, chaplaincy, 47, 51, 88. large oak in
the park, 2. last squire of, 34, 44. manor sold, 46. Mr, school
master at Hurst Green, 43, 235. James, 77, 223. Wm., sen., 77.
Wm., jun., 80-1, 90, large bequest of, 223.
Cotton, Hen., D.C.L., 227.
Coulthurst, Jno. Nic, 224.
Cowban, James, 186. Jno., pr., 55. Mary Josephine, O.S.A., 186.
Cowper, Wm., poet, 242.
Crathome, mission, 55, 220.
Crawford and Balcarres, Earl of, 18.
Cromwell, Thos., 4.
Cromwellian fanatics, 59.
Crook, Mary, O.S.A., 186. R. J., O.S.B., 21 r.
Crook Hall College, 127 seq., affiliation of Douay, 147, 163, 175, 178, line of
DouayPresidents continued here, 179, 180, historical account, 190 seq.,

INDEX. 251
organized in strict conformity with Douay rules, 192, journey to, 193
seq., daily routine and description, 196 seq., up to ears in debt, 199
greatest benefactors of, 223.
Crooke, Geo., pr., 60. Hugo and fam. 60-1. Jno., M.D., 62.
Crosby, mission, 211, 213.
CroskeU, Wm., pr., 131.
Croston, 266. passes from Asshetons to Traffords, 5. Hall, chap., 137.
Gross, Jno., 46, — Street, Preston, formation of, 88. Col. Wm. Assheton, 46.
Wm., 88. Viscount, 46.
Crow, Hall, chap., 57, 61, 67-8, 70. Trees estate, 77.
Crowe, Thos., pr., 216
Croxdale Hall, chap., 208.
Cuckoo Hall, 41-2, 78.
Cuerden, 87. Thos., S.J., 236.
Culcheth, mission, 132, 210.
Ciurwen, Jane, 68.
Dale, Rob., 138.
Dalin, Xfer., 133. .
Dalton, fam. of Thurnham, 16. Miss Eliz., last of the fam., 16, 239. name
assumed by the Hoghtons, 15. Robt., 16.
T)angerfield, Thos., informer, 218.
Daniel, Jno., last president of Douay, 115, 117, 129, 161, 168, assumes the
presidency at Crook Hall, 178.
Darhngton, Lord, 195.
Dartmouth mission, 131.
Davies, Rich., 137. Wm., pr., 125-6, 128, 131.
Davison, Jno., vide Debord.
Dawson, Thos., pr., 137, 190, 192.
Debord, Jno., pr., 214.
Delaney, Jas., pr., 132, 177.
Dennet, Jas., pr., 212.
Derbabc, printer to Douay College, 95.
Derby, Earl o^ 7, deprives the Bradshaigh heir of his religion, 18, 23.
Derwentwater, Earl of, defeated, 47-8.
De Trafford, vide Trafford.
Devereux, Jno., pr. 133, 168, 177.
Devonshire, Dukes of, 20.
Dicconson, Bp. Edw., alias Eaton, 47.
Dickinson, of Crow Hall fam., 67.

252 INDEX.
Dieulacres Abbey, 30.
Dillon, Mother, O.S.A., 182. Pres. of the Irish Coll., Douay, 103, 121.
Dimples, The, chap., 68.
Dixon, Jno., pr., 55, 237.
Dodd, Chas., vide Hugh TooteU.
Dormer, students at Old Hall, 172.
Douay, Bible, 20, 227. Coll., 18, 21, 26, 38-9, 47, 50, 54, 172-3, 214, seized
by revolutionists, 55, 78 seq., the beginning of the end, 93 seq., de
scribed, 99, flight from, 125, catalogue of last members, 129, plate
buried and recovered,'io9, confiscated, 118, armorial bearings defaced,
105, survivor of the alumni, 92, petition to retum to Eng., 161, re
leased, 176, engraving of, 201, sketch of, 162, 164, affiliated at Crook
Hall, 141, 178, 193, hne of Presidents continued at Crook, 179,
refugees proceed to Crook, 190, indemnity paid by French unjustly
retained by English Government, 141, visitation of, 49, customs 82-3,
85, 91, 164, constitutions, 87, regulations adopted at Crook, 197,
diary, 47, 49, 50, 56 seq., 129, letters from, 80-92.
Douay, Irish College, 103. Scotch College, 119. St. Bonaventure's
Monastery, O.S.F., 240, chapel erected, 241. St. Gregory's CoU.,
O.S.B., petition to return to England, 161. St. Peter's, 107,,
University, 18, 21, 47.
Doughty, Sir. Edw., 174.
Douglass, Bp. Jno., 173-4, 176, 178-9, 183, 190.
Doullens, prison, 114 seq., arrival of St. Omerians 157 seq., 190.
Dowdall, Jno., pr., 241.
Dowhng, Jno., 133.
Downham, Bp. of Chester, 7.
Downside, Monastery, O.S.B., 131, 176.
Druidical customs, 29.
Dublin, Archbp. of, 4. Dr. Haydock appointed Dean of, 38, 134. Thos.
Haydock opens publishing business at, 202-3.
Duggan, Tim, 135.
Dunblane, battle of, 47.
Dun Cow Rib, 24, tradition, 64-5.
Durham, 9. Dr. Haydock reported to be appointed bp. of, 37. Robt.
Haydock elected cathedral prior of, 40. legend about the cathedral,
66. mission 130-1, 137, 139. palace of Bp. of, 195.
Eastbourne, mission, 133.
Eastgate, Jno., Cistercian, executed, 4-5.

INDEX. 253
Eccles, mission, 205. Eliz., 52. Eliz. and fam. 76-7.
Egton Bridge, mission, 88, 132, 218 seq., 224-5, 228. — Moor, 2tS.
Eldridge, Jno., 137.
Elemore HaU, 191.
Elswick Grange, 67, 77.
Emerson, Ralph, lay brother, S.J., 19.
Esh Laude, mission, 214.
Esquerchin, country house attached to Douay Coll., 83, 116, 119, 126, 140.
Euxton Hall, 42, 85.
Eyre, Thos., Pres. of Ushaw, 87, 174, 178-9, 190 seq., 196 seq., 223.
Vincent, 137.
Farington, fam., 52. Geo., Hen., Valentine, 46. Jno., O.S.F., wV/a Woodcock-
Fawcett, recusant schoolmaster, 19.
Ferby, Thos., pr., 220.
Fernyhalgh, chantry, 57. chapel, 35, 57-8, 61, 70, 77, 129, 132, 226, new
chapel, 58, 85. Schools at, 172, 236.
Fidler, Ralph, 52.
inche, EUen, 71. Hen., 50,71. James, ^o. y^w^j, last of the Carthusians,
25, epitaph, 85. Jno., martyr, 34. Mary, 58. Thos., 34, 49, 71, 85.
Finchley, country residence of W. Mawhood, 143, 171.
Fingal, Earl of, 171.
Fishwick, Edm., 68. Lieut.-Col. Hen., 65. Jno., 66.
Fitzgerald, Sir. Gerald Dalton, 16.
Fitzheibert, Thos., S.J., 38.
Fitzpatrick, Irish publisher, dies insolvent, 203.
Fitz WiUiam, Sir Wm., 58.
Flanagan, Pat, 88, 139.
Fleetwood, Edm., 29-30. Fris , alias Jno. Walter, S.J., 169, 170. Jno., of
Calwich, 16. Motto, 29-30. Thos., 30. Sir Wm., 16, his animosity
against Geo. Haydock, 28-9.
Fletcher, Alice, 240. Sir Geo., 240. Sir Hen., 240-1. Jno. D.D., 145.
Foljambe, Lady, 22.
Fonnby, fam. apostacy, 214. Hall, 210. Chap., 214. Mis^'on, history,
210 seq. Rich., LL.D., 211.
Foster, Matt., 139, 193-
Forton, 52, 57.
Foster, Rich., S. J., 214. Wm., pr., 90.
Fountain, Joseph, 141.
Foxcote, 126, 135.

254 INDEX.
Frankland, Jno. 137.
Freemont, Rob. 133.
Freen, Mr., pr., 166.
Full-bottomed Lancashire man, 221.
Furness Abbey erected 51.
Gainford, 191. Mission, 244.
Galway, Xfer., 140.
Gant, or Gaunt, Jas., pr., CS. 70. Jno. of, 68.
Garrett Hall, 19.
Garstang, mission, 90, 126, 136.
Garswood, chap, 92, 137, 139.
Garth, Lancelot, 240.
Gartside, Jas., outlaw, 234.
Gentili, Aloysius, LL.D., described, 187.
George, //., penal law of, 220. IV., debt on his residence at Brighton paid
off with French indemnity for Douay Coll., 141. Sir. Wm., 27. "•
Gerard, Evan, of Haighton, 63. fani. of Bryn 163, of Highfield, 236. Sir
Gilbert, 23. Sir Thos. 17.
Ghost at Mowbreck, 25.
Gibson, Mr., recorder of Lancaster, 67. Bp. Matt., 216, 236. Thos, Ellison,
pr., 231. Bp. Wm., 76, pres. of Douay, 79, 98. 164, 166, 173 seq.
217, 223.
Gilbert, Nic Alain, pr., 223, 225, 228 seq.
Gildon, Joseph, pr., 170.
Gillow, Fris., pr., 56. Geo., 207. Henry, pr. 190. Jno., 67. Jno., sen.^
'' D.D., prof at Douay and pres. of Ushaw, 83 seq., his love for Douay
90-1, 228-9. Jfio. jun., D.D., V. P. of Ushaw, 126 seq., 141. Joseph,
226. Rich., dean, 226. Rich., canon, 74. Thos., pr. bome in
triumph by the revolutionists through Douay, 98, 134, 164, i68>
elected bp. 174, 176, 179, 192, 243.
Goosnargh, chantry, 57. rapacity of its parson, 75.
Gornall, Rich. 63.
Goss, Bp. Alex., 56, 238.
Gother, Jno., pr., 172.
Gradwell, fam. purchase Blundell's business, 215. Helen, 84. Jno. 207.
Bp.Robt, 84, 140, goes to Crook-HaU 175, 193, 195, 239.
Grahme, Col. Jas., 51.
Grange, The, Altcar, Mission, 211 seq.
Gray, Gervase vere Chfton, O.S.B. 2-52.

INDEX.

2SS

Great Crosby, mission, 132.
Greene, fam. of Bowere House, 52. Geo. 63.
Gregson, fam. of Balderston vere Normanton 8, 77. R. V., O. S. B., 211.
Wm. 61.
Greystoke Castle, 240.
Grimsargh Hedl, 21, 65.
Grimstone, Martin, O. S. F., 240.
Haddock, local pronounciation of Haydock, 222.
Haggerston, Castle, chap. 244. Fam., students at Old HaU, 172.
Haggis described, 41.
Haigh HaU, 18.
Hail Grange, 240.
Haighton, of Haighton HaU, 2, 58.
HaU, Jno., 135.
Halton Hall, 236.
Hammersmith, Convent, O. S. A., 128, 130, 182, customs, 183, antecedents
184. School &t Brook Green, 130, 184.
Hampton Court, Gardens laid out, 51.
Handwriting on the prison wall, 33.
Hankinson, informer, betrays Geo. Haydock 26, 73. Eliz., recusant
prisoner, 32. Jno., 69. Mr., saves Newhouse Chapel 73.
Hardman, Jno., sen., 188.
Hardwick Hall, chap, attacked by no-popery nlob, 163.
Harkirk cemetery, 213-4.
Harper, Jno., vide Berington.
Harris old Mr., pr., 235.
Harrison, Dr. Wm., procurator at Rheims and Douay, subsequently Arch
priest, 38-9. Dame Alice, schoolmistress, 172. James, 135. Jno. pr.,
54-5. Jno., 63. Jno., sen., and Jno. jun., of Cottam, 89. Lau., 55.
TTios., 82.
Harson, Mr. 67.
Harvey, Jno. Monnoux, pr., opens a school and is imprisoned, 219-20.
Harving^on Hall, chap., 143.
Hatch, James, Mary, and Oliver, 77.
Havard, Lewis, sen., pr. 127, 136, 177. Lewis, jun., pr., 136.
Hawker, Rev. R. S., poet, 9, 40-
Hay, Frs., pr. 137, 139.
Haydock, Etymology, I. Fam., Robt. de, and Gilbert de, Knts. of shire
in 1299 and 1321 respect, i, 55. Monuments desecrated 56, 76.
Motto, 6, 34, 39, 244, inverted 45- A^i<:e 52. Aloysia, recusant prisoner

256 INDEX. V
32. Ann, 55, 77, 80, Epitaph 78. Anne, 77- Bryde, 36? Cuth., pr.,
46 seq. Cuth., 52. Doro., coheiress, 46. Eleanor, i, 5. Eliz., 77,
81, 85, 90, 183-4, 223, Epitaph 78. Sir Gilbert, 1. Gilbert, I.
Gilbert, pr., 46, 52, 84, 170, 181, imprisoned, death, and mortuary bill
47 seq. Gilber/, 46, 52. George, martyr, 6, 21, 25 seq., 73- Geo. 204.
Geo., marries heiress of Cottams, 42, 74, 77 seq., 82. Geo., 46, 52.
„ George Leo, pr., 42, birth place, 51, 55, 77-, 81, letters from Douay 82
seq., escapes from Douay, goes to Old HaU, loses his library 126 seq.,
135) 138, letter from Old Hall 163, 166 seq., describes the place 173
S2q., 183 seq., goes to Crook Hall 175, 193, literary labours at Crook,
205 seq., appointed professor, 217, goes to Ugthorpe, 220, goes to
Whitby, 233, works 227, beginning of his troubles 229, goes to Westby
230, retires to The Tagg 238, appeals to Rome, sale of his librarj',
239, goes to Penrith 241, death, 243, memorial tablet 244.
„ Hugh I. Hugh, pr., 46, 49, 52. Isabel, i. James, pr., 76 seq..
Epitaph 78, goes to Trafford 92, 127-8, 205, withdraws from Douay
131, his character 206, goes to Lea 208, death 209, dies intestate, 222.
Jane, 3, 85. Jane, dau, and coh., last of the fam., 57, 226, 244. Jennet
52. Joan, I. Mary, 49. Mary, 52, Epitaph 56, 76. Maty 77.
Margt., O. S. A., vide Stanislaus. Richard i. Rich., D.D., 21, 25,
32, 35 seq., prisoner, reported to be appointed to the See of Durham,
37, Dean of Dubhn 38, death 39. Robt., 52. Robt. 52, 55, 86, 211.
Robt. 52, Epitaph 56, 206. Robt. O. S. B., admitted to the Eng. CpU.,
Valladolid, Nov. i, 1602, and took the habit in Oct., 1603, 39 seq.,
Stanislaus, O. S. A., 77, 81, 84-5, 91, 128, 168, 181 seq., survivor of the
Louvain community 189, death 190, 196, 223.
,, Thomas, 55, 77, 81, letters from Douay 83 seq., escapes 126, goes to
the Engl. Coll., Lisbon, 127, 134, 166, 188, goes to Crook Hall, 175,
193, 197, opens a school and commences as a publisher, 198, seq., his
trustful nature taken advantage of, suffers imprisonment for debt,
death, 202 seq., 209.
,, Vivian, 5 seq., 21 seq., tragic death, 25, 32, 35,. Wm., Cistercian
Monk, 4, executed 5 seq., 31. Wm., 5, 7, 8, 36-7, 15V Wm?^, 42,
71, 85. Wm., last squire of Cottam, 34, 44, outlawed 45, 51 seq!^,76.
Wm., 52, 76. Wm., 77, 81.
Haydock's Douay Bible, 201 seq., 227.
Haynes, General, English Consul at Ostend, formerly a pedlar, 126.
Heatley, Jas. and Wm., 77.
Hedon, Mission, 136.
Hesketh, Barthol., 23, 32. Cuth., 58. Fam. of Maynes, 22, succeed to the

INDEX. 2S7

'^am.

Claughton Estate, and assume the name of Brockholes, 69, 72. Fa
of White Hill, 45, 58. W'ot., 23, prisoner in the Fleet, 32, 34. Wm.
69. 235.
Heton of Heton, 2.
Heys, Jno., 203.
Hiding-places, 5, 27, 34, 62, 232-3.
Higgison, Jennet and Roger, 68.
Highfield House, seat of Gerard fam., chap. 236.
HiU, Jno., pr. 206.
Hilton, Margery, alias Mag Shelton, the witch, 41. '
Hines, Dean Fred., 238.
Hippesley, Sir Jno. Cox, 147.
Hodgson Joseph, pr., narrator of the seizure of Douay, 120, 122, 128-9.
Jno. 238.
Hodsock Park, chap., 46, 49.
Hogarth, Bp. Wm., 127.
Hoghton. Adam 21, 65. .^Z^*-., ig, 23. Anne, 15. Ballad, 8, 10. Bottoms,
8-9. Bryde, 8. Cath., 17. Eliz. 8. Fam. of Hoghton, i, deprived
of its faith 20, 22, 65. Fam. of Dun Cow Rib 64, of Grimsargh 21, of
Lea 22', of Park Hall 15. Isabel, widow of Gilbert Haydock takes the
veil r. Jane, 23. Jno., assumes the name of Dalton, 16. Mary 18.
Mrs. 20. Motto, 15. Rich, of Park HaU, 13 seq., 23. Sir Rich., 5,
8, 9, 15, 20, 36. Thomas, the exile, 7, withdraws to Antwerp 8 seq.,
dies at Lidge 17 seq. Thos., the younger, slain, 20, 65. Thos., pr.,
and confessor 17 seq., 32. Tower, 7 seq., erected 9 seq., searched,
I9> 23, 31, 36,. Wm., I. Wm. of Park Hall, 15. Wm. of Grim
sargh, 21, 65.
Holborn, Castle-street, mission. 130.
HoUowforth, 26. Mill, 73.
Holman, Wm. 170.
Holme Pierrepoint, 22.
Holmes, fam. 74. Peter, pr., 74. Margt., 74, 77.
Holy Island, mission, 244.
Hopton, Sir Owen, lieut. of the Tower 28.
Hornby, mission, 133, 210. Castle 194.
Hornyold, -Bp. Jno., 142.
Hothersall, of Hothersall, 2. Hall, chap., 63. Jno., outlaw, 63-4. Thos., 63-4.
Hough, The, mission, 57, 63, 69, 71.
Howard, fam., students at Old HaU, 171. Hen. Chas., 240. Hen., of Corby,
242. Philip Hen., M.P., 189, 241-2. B

258

INDEX.

Howell, Magdalen, O. S. A. 189.
Huddleston, Jno., 240.
Hull, mission, 136.
Hunt, Joseph, pr., vide Beaumont.
Hunter, Wm., S. J., vide Weldon.
Hurst Green, school, 43. 235.
Husband, Wm., pr. 169.
Husenbeth, Dr. F.C-, verses, 48, 71.
Hutton Hall, chap., 240.
Hyde Park Corner, school, 169.
Ince, 159. mission 211, 2\/\,.— Blundell, Hall, 215, mission 132, 214, 236.
Ingatestone Hall, chap., 109, 133-4.
Inglewhite Lodge, 228.
Ingol, 51. Cottage 139.
Inquisition, protestant, at Lathom, 7-8
Inskip HaU, 20.
Irving, Thos., alias Sherburne, pr., 223, 240. Wm., pr., 208, 223.
Isleworth, 152.
Jacobite meetings, 235, songs, 44-5, toasts, 53.
James, I. visits Hoghton Tower, 9, grants benefit of recusancy, 59. //., 34,
51, 58, 169. ///., 45, 48, 56, 67, 78.
Jansenism charged against Douay 49.
Jenison, Thos., S. J., confessor, 34. Wm., law-student, 27.
Jerningham, students at Old Hall, 172.
Johnson, Rob. S. J., 211.
Keighley, Hen., of Keighley, 7,0.
Kellet, Ellen, 85. Eliz. 86. Hen., pr., 211. Rich., pr., and Robt., 86, 211.
JCelly, Jno., pr. 241.
Kendal, Hen., pr., 54, 70. Jno., 54. Jno., pr. vide Baine. Rich., pr.,
170, 172.
Kershaw, Jno., Mgr., 206.
Kingston, Earl of, 22.
Kirk, Fris., pr. 69, 71. Dr. Jno., 169, 206, 217.
Kirkby, ^oger, of Kirkby, 42.
Kirkham, mission, see The WiUows. ¦vicar of 231. people try to prevent
seizure of Fr. Barrow's goods 234.
kirwan, Nic, 137.

INDEX. 259

Kitchen, Edw., pr. 60-1.
Kyloe Cottage, 244.

Ladywell, 58-g, 70, 85, legend 66, school 235.
Lancashire, map of 1590, 59. recusant schoolmasters, 36.
Lancaster, castle 47, 59, 68, martyrdom at, 88, mission, 194, sessions 65, 69, 232.
„ James, pr., of the RainhiU fam., 117, 131, 168.
Langford, Mr. 22.
Langley, Thos., Bp. of Durham, 9.
Langton, Michael, 141. Thos., Baron of Newton, 20, 23.
Lartington HaU, 191-2. chap., 130, 201.
Lathom, House, 7. TAos. and Wm., 236.
Lauckland, Mr. 22.
Law, Jno. pr., missioner at Moorfields, and at Ingatestone, 133, 168, 177.
Lawrenson, Jas., pr. 80.
Lawson, Sir Jno., 178, igi. Jno., Student at Ushaw from Whitby, 228, 230.
Layton, Hayes, 235. Hill, 24.
Lazonby, 240.
Lea, 26, 52, 57. English, i, 8. French, 8. 31, Hall, 8, 11, 14, fight at ig
seq. 23, 65. Gate, a cattle-run by the Ribble, 12. Mission, 76, 131
206 seq., 221.
Leach HaU, 46, Description 52, 55-6, 76, 86, 206, 211.
Leckonby, Wm., of Leckonby House, 63.
Lee, Jno., pr., 131, 168, 177. Joseph, pr., 185 seq.
Legh, Sir Peter, i.
Leigh, fam. of Aspnll, 236. Jas., Roger, and Roger, S. J., 236.
Lemon House, 87.
Levens HaU., grounds, laid out, 51.
Leybum, Mission at JoUy Pot, 216.
Leybume, Geo. 58. 61. Jno., outlaw, 61.
LiUe, 126.
Lindow, Jno., dean of the chapter, 168.
Lingard, Dr. Jno., 133, 174, 176, 178, 190 seq. 205,
Linton-upon-Ouse, mission, 131.
Lisbon, Eng. CoU. 72, 127, 134, 166, 198.
Little Poulton Hall, 38.
Liverpool, St. Mary's, 236. St. Nicholas,' 135.
Loftus, missionary station, 221.
London, Tower of, 19, 27, 33,36. Missions, 127, Bavarian Embassy, Warwick
St. 130,-1, White St., 133, Moorfields, 133 Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, 135,

26o

INDEX.

Golden Square, 140, Gray's Inn, 170. School established by J. M.
Harvey, 219.
Longstaff, Marmaduke, pr., 207. Robt., pr., 197, I99, 200, 207, 238.
Lopez, seph, 140.
Louvain, St. Monicds Convent. 47-8, 84, 128. 130. 181, flight from 182 seq.
189, Survivor of, 189-90. St. Ursulo^s Convent, 39, 181.
Lucas, Wm., 109, 135, 165.
Lund, Anthony, pr., 58, 64, 66. fam., 62 seq. Jno., 64, 66, 70. Jno., pr.,
55, Epitaph 79, 81, 84 seq., 89, gi, 166, 197, 202.
Lydiate, chap., 311, 231.
Lynde, Mary, marries T. Haydock, 202.
Lytham, Hall, 235, 238. chap., 137, 236.
Maguir, Dosus and Fergus, piinces of Fermanagh, 58.
Maini, Joseph, pr. 216.
Maire, fam. of Hardwick, 163. Hen., igi.
Manchester, St. Chad's, Rook St., 77, 134, 137-
Marr, Earl of, 47.
Marsh, J. B., pr. 73-4. 88. Jno., 209. Jno. pr. 218.
Marsland, Jno., pr., 220.
Martyrdom of G. Haydock, 33.
Mawdesley, 34, 49, 50, 85. chap. 49, 137. Eliz., 73. Hen., 68, 73. Jas.,
pr., see Carter.
Mawhood, Wm. and sons, his diary, 171.
Maynes HaU, 23, 69, chap., 235.
Melling, Edw., pr., 70.
Merlin, prophecies of, 3.
Midge Hall, chap. 57, 62-3 70.
Miller, fam. of Cottam, Thos. 46, Sister, O. S. A., 183. Mr. pr., 216.
MUner, Bp. Jno., 46.
Minsteracres, 191-2. chap. 132.
Molyneux, Edw,, pr. 213. fam. of the Grange, 213, of New Hall, 213-4. Sir
Rich., I. Viscounts of Maryborough, 213.
Monk, Edw., 134, 164, 168, 174, 176, 192.
Montgomery, Joseph, 134.
Moor, HaU, 213, chap. 214. House, Newton-le-Scales, chap., 207. House,
Whittingham, 65-6. Mc. and Thos. 61.
Moore, Mrs. prioress O. S. A. at Bmges, 128, 168. Wm., attorney, 69.
Moorfields, mission, 133.

INDEX. 261
More, Mr. 22. Hen., S. J., 22. Sir Thos., 76, 128.
Morton, Bp. 40.
Mossman, Mr. 234.
Moulins, Dr. Pierre, 185.
Mounsey, Cuth., Jno., and Joyce, 240.
Mowbreck, Hall, 7, 22-3, 71. Chap. 25, 32, 36, 68 seq., 80, 91, 168,223.
School, 7g, 83.
M'Pherson, the Abbd Paul, 147.
Mudford, Jas., pr., captured, 47.
Mumford, Wm., 143.
Mumpsons, pr., 38.
Murphy, Thos., goes from Douay to St. Omer, 128, 141.
Myrescough, Chapel, 68, 73. Cottage, 62. Lodge, 45, 67.
Napoleon III. permits search forbidden plate at Douay Coll., no.
Nateby, 52. Hall 58, 61, 63, 67.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, mission, 133, 200. Duke of, 50.
New, HaU, Garswood, chap. 137. Hall, West Derby, chap., 213-4. Hall,
Chelmsford, Sepulchrine Convent, 224. House, Ince Blundell, Mis
sion, erected for a School, 214.
Newhouse, Mission, 56-7, 62, 70 seq., 88, 204, 208-g.
Newsham, 56-7, 67 seq., 74, 88, 132. Chcu., Mgr., Pres. of Ushaw, 71,
229, 242. Hen., pr., 206, 241. Jas. 71. Jas., pr., 130.
Newton, cum-Scales, 207. — in-Makerfield, baron of, 20. — Cap, 191.
No-Popery Mob, 163, 186.
Norfolk, Edw., Duke of, 49. Armorial bearings on plate at Douay, no.
Normanton of Normanton, fam. change name to Gregson, 8, 77.
Norreys, of Speke Hall, 231.
Norris, pursuivant, 26, his perfidy 28.
North, gaoler at Lancaster, 68.
North Shields, St. Cuthbert's, 134.
Nunnington, mission, 126, 136.
Oates, Titus, 218.
O'CaUaghan, Andrew, 136.
O'Connell, Daniel, the Liberator, 136. Maurice, 136.
Old HaU Green, receives plate from Douay no. 127, 130 seq. AflGliation
of St. Omer's Coll. 141-2, 147, 178, 180. Arrival of St. Omerians
161 seq., regulations 164 seq., 175, i79- Douay students removed to

262 INDEX.
Crook Hall, ig2-3, ig6-7, igg. Antecedents 169, property purchasec.
171-2, refugees from Douay arrive 173. Described 174 seq. Dedi
cated to St. Edmund 176, foundation-stone of new CoU. laid 179-80,
183-4.
Oliveira, Joachim, 135, Vincent 140.
O'Reilly, Bern., 3rd. bp. of Liverpool 215.
Ormskirk, St Anne's 21 1-2.
Orrell, Humphrey 80. Jno., pr. 164 seq. Joseph, pr., 8o-r. Miss. 238.
Osbaldeston, of Osbaldeston, 2. Jno. ig.Jno. 231.
Oscott College, receives plate from Douay though no way connected with it
no. Proposal to unite it with Old HaU, 199.
Otway, Mr. i8.
Owen, reported Councillor at Rome, 38.
Palmer, Mr. 171.
Paris, late English Seminary, 179.
Park Hall, Blackrod, ig. Charnock Richard, 15, recusant Schoolmaster
at ig.
Parker, Alex. 80. Hen. O. S. B., 80-1-84, 86, 91.
Parsons, rapacity of, 75, 222.
Parsons' Coachman, 35, 37.
Paslew, Jno., last Abbot of Whalley, 4, executed, 5.
Patricroft, mission, 205.
Peach, Edw. pr., 117, 128, 133, 176-7.
Pendlebury, mission, 205.
Pendleton, mission, 205.
Pendrill, Mother, O. S. A., 182.
Penketh, Rich., pr., 235.
Penrith, mission, 126, 135, 188-9, 239 seq.
Penswick,/a;«. 163. Jno., pr„ 92-3, no, 139, 163. Randal, 135, 163. Bp.
Thos., 109, 127, 135, 163 seq., 168, 173 seq., 192-3, 230, 239.
Peploe, Sam., vicar of Preston, subsequently Bp. of Chester, 60, 68-g.
Persons, Robt., S.J., 22, 37-8, 142.
Petre, Lord, 137. Hon. Edw., i8i. Students at old HaU, 171.
Petworth, mission, 133.
Phelan, Pat., pr., 241.
Phillips, Stephen, 137.
Pierrepoint, Gervase, 22.
Pilgrimage, of Grace, 3. to LadyweU, 66.

INDEX.

263

Pinnington, Thos., pr., 236.
Pitchford, Thos., pr. 137, 175, 177.
Pitt, Wm., 146.
Pitts, Arthur, maityr, 27.
Pius VIL, accepts T. Haydock's Tree of Life, 202.
Plate secreted at Douay and its partial recovery, 109-10.
Plesington, fam. 68.
Pontalgh HaU, ig.
Pontop Hall, Douay students collected there, 191
Pope, Alex., poet, school-days, 169.
Popham, Queen's attorney, 27.
Postgate, Nic, pr. and martyr, 217 seq.
Potier, Jno., pr., 165, 167, 173, 175 seq.
Powdrell, Mr., 22.
PoweU, Austin, pr., 75. Jane, 226.
Power, Irish fam., students at Old Hall, 172. Pierse, pr., 74.
Poynter, Bp. Wm., 123, 130, 178, 180.
Prees Hall, 19.
Preston, battle of, 47. No popery mob, 53-4. Election mob, 55, 72. Be
quest of organs to the parish church, 17. St. Mary's, 64, destroyed
72, Martha, 60. Prioress, O. S. A., 185.
Pretender, toast to the so-called, 53.
Prophecy, The Haydock, 6, 34.
Puckeridge, 171, school, 177.
Pugh, Joseph, pr., 224.
Purgatory of the Mission, 217, :2c.
Race between a Jesuit and a Secular priest, 235.
Raine, James, historian of St. Cuthbert, 77.
RawcKffe HaU, 45, 235-6.
RaygiU, Yorks, 235.
Rayment, Benedict, pr. 129, 130, 198, 201.
Read, Mr., 68.
Reading, mission, 133.
Recusancy, benefit o^ 59, compulsory military service for, 36.
Reign of Terror, The, 107.
Release, The, 1 59.
Restoration of the Eng. Bened. Congreg., 47.
Reynolds, Jno., 69, 71.

264 INDEX.
Rheims, Eng. Coll., 17, 22, 26.
Rich, solicitor-General, 4.
Richardson, Mr., attorney, 234. Thos., pr., 68, 70.
Rickaby, Jno., pr., 126-7, 136, 168, igo, ig2.
Riddell, fam. of Felton, students at Old Hall, 172. Thos. H. W., 23.,
Rigby, Dr. Jno., ig4. Nic, pr., 226, 228, 230.
Rigmayden of Wedacre, 22.
Rishton, Edw., pr., Ralph, ig.
Rivett, Jno., pr., see Harvey.
Roberts, sheriff, 233.
Robinson^ Major Edw., 232. Jno., 240. Jno., O. S. B., 80. Rich., 21.
Roby, Jas., pr., ig5.
Rogerlye, Geo., Margt., ig.
Rome, Eng. Coll., erected 26, dissensions 35, reports about, 38, 166.
Rossall Grange, 22, 30, plunder, 29 seq., 32.
Sacheverell, Hen., 22.
Sadler, Thos., pr., 206.
Sale Moor, mission, 205.
Salesbury Hall, 22.
Salford, gaol for recusants, 18, 32.
Salley Abbey, 5, 36.
Salvin of Croxdale, students at Old Hall, 173,
Salwick Hall, chap., 68, 70, closed 207.
Samlesbury Hall, 22-3.
Sanderson, Nic, pr., 235.
Saul, Chas., pr., 134, 168, 174 seq., ig2.
Savage, Rowland, 67.
Scale Hall, 59, 60.
Scarborough, mission, 220, 222, 224-5, 228.
Scholes, a recusant Schoolmaster, ig.
 Hall, school, 132.
Schoolmasters with recusants, ig, 36-7, 219-20.
Scorton, Lane, mission, 88, 90, 132. Hall, Yorks, convent, 80
Searle, Fris., Mgr., no.
Sedgley Park School, 46, 143.
Seddon, Jas., pr. 241.
Sefton, Earis of, i, 213. Mission, 211,
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 218. '
Sharrock, Jas. Jer., O. S. B., 161.

INDEX. 265
Shaw, Wm., attorney of Preston, 234.
Shefford, school, 177.
Shelton, Mag, the witch, 40 seq.
Shepherd, Jno., pr., 170. Rob., i^. Thos., pr., 220. Wm., 61, 6S-^
Shepton Mallet, mission, 131.
Sherburne, Sir Nic, 51, 68. Sir, Rich. 21. Thos, pr., see Irving.
Shirdy, pr., 67-8.
Shortwood, mission, 130.
Shrewsbu^^', Earl of,
Shuttleworth, Doro, 49. Geo., marries co-heiress of Haydocks 46. Jno., 46,
Sidgreaves, Jas., 228. Jno., 238. — lane, 52.
Sidney, Sir Hen., 58.
SUkstead, school, i6g.
Silvertop, fam., 132. Hen., igi. Jno., igi-2.
Simpson, Geo., 131. Rich., 23.
Sims, Chas., 136.
Singleton, fam., 57, 5g. Great, 41, 57, 134, mission, 80. Jas., 235. TTtos.,
20. TTios., of Bank, 60. Thomazene, 20. Tower, or Broughton
Tower, 5g. Little, 6g, Maynes, chap., 235.
Sizergh Castle, 141.
Skeleton at Cottam Hall, 3.
SkiUicome, Wm., ig.
Skull at Mawdesley, 34.
Slade, pursuivant, 26-7.
Slater, Mrs., ig7.
Slaughter, Chambers, accountant-general of Forfeited Estates, letters, 232, seq.
Smith, Edw., pr., see Kitchen. Priest, 55. Fam,, of Forton, 52. James,
207. Jas., pr., 206-7. Jno., 137. Jno., pr., 216. M. E., O. S. A.,
i8g. Rich., 218. Robt., 52. Robt., canon, 244. Thos., 213. Bp.
Thos., gg, 127, 130, 135, 178, 200. Thos., pr., 208. Wm., 77. Wm.,
57. 206.
Smythe, Sir. Edw., 163. Dr. Rich., reported councillor at Rome, 38.
Snaith, 132, mission, 137.
Somas cakes, 24.
Southward, Joshua, rapacious parson, 75-6.
Southwark Cathedral, 136.
SouthweU, Robt., S. J., martyr, 159, 207.
Southworth, of Samlesbury, 22. Sir Jno., 23, 32.
Speke HaU, chap., 231.
Spetisbury House, convent O. S. A., 128, 185 seq., receives bequest 223.

266 INDEX.
St. Cuthbert's, legend, 66, College, see Ushaw.
St. Domingo House, see St. Edward's Coll.
St. Edmund's, Bened. CoU., Paris, 80. Coll., Herts, I47, cause of dedica
tion, 176.
St. Edward's Coll., Everton, 92, 216.
St. George, Chevalier de, 45, 63, 232, 336.— /« the Fields, mission, 130.
St. Gregory's Seminarj', Paris, 145, 179-
St. Helen's Auckland, 191, Carmelite convent, 195. ,
St. Ignatius, giU head, discovered at Westby, 233.
St. Martin's Bened. Monastery, Compostella, 40.
St. Monica's Priory, O. S. A., Louvain, 47, 84, 181, survivor of, 189-90.
St. Omer's Coll., 73, seizure, 113, 128, 136, 140, afflliated at Old Hall, 141,
178, 180, foundation 142, imprisonment, 144 seq., released, 176, 220,
235-
St. Paul's, Dean of, preaches in Lancashire, 7.
St. Peter's Chair, feast, 29.
St. Sulpice, 244.
St. Ursula's Priory, O. S. A., Louvain, 39, 84, 180.
Standon Lordship, school, 170 seq.
Stanley of Moor HaU, 214.
Stanzacre HaU, chap., 231.
Stape HUl, Dorset, Cistercian convent, 187, 189.
Stapleton, Bp. Gregory, 142, 147, 161, 177 seq. Jno., 83. Miks, 137,
Nic, 147.
Stayning Grange, 20.
Stephens, reported councillor at Rome, 38.
Stella, mission, 71.
Stockenbridge Demesne, 61.
Stockton-on-Tees, mission, 138.
Stonor of Stonor, 147. ' Bp.Jno. Talbot, 170, students at Old Hall, 172.
Stonyhurst, 21, buckhunt, 43, 235, grounds laid out 51. Chap, 216.
Storey, Arthur, pr. 132, 190, 195. Thos., pr., 138, 190, 192.
Stourton, Wm., Lord, 133, 136, 190.
Stout, Thos., pr., missioner at St. George's Fields, Callaly Castle, and
Thropton in 1797, whence established mission at Carlisle, 130, 168.
Stretford, mission, 205.
Strickland, Geo., 141.
Stuart, risings, persecution after, 49, 60, 63, 170, 219. Toasts, 45.
Sturzaker, Rob., Wm., 65.
Sunderland Hall, 19.

INDEA. 267
Swarbrick, Jno., pr., chided for disloyalty to James III., 68, death, 70, 72.
Sweete, reported councillor at Rome, 38.
Swinburne, Castle, 228. Joseph, pr., 136.
Syers, Oswald, publisher, 202-3.
Tagg, House, or The, 3, 51, 76, 126 seq, 243. Cottage, 221, The Golden, 51,
238-9. Town, 194.
Talbot, of Salesbur)-, 22. Bp. James, 171, student at Turyford, 172, 184.
Thos. S.J., 39. Thos., pr., 220. Bp. Thos, Joseph. 142-3, 171.
Taverner, Jno., pr. see Banister. /r. 170.
Taylor, C. B., O. S. B., 211. Mother, O. S. A., 182. Geo., 132. Jas.,
65. Rich., pr., 63. Roger, pr., 56.
Teebay, Jas., LaiL, 88, 139-40.
Tempest, Mrs., 197. Stephen and fam,, 224-5.
Thompson, Chas., 133. Jas., S.J., 64. Rich., pr., 109-10, 134, 165, 174, 192^
3, 205.
Thornton, Mr., 70.
Thorp Arch, contemplated for reception of Douay collegians, 178 seq., 197.
ThrelfaU, Cuth., 63.
Throckmorton, Lady Cath., 242.
Thropton, mission, 56, 130.
Thrower, Hen. J., pr., 56.
Thurnham HaU, 16, 238.
Tickle, Thos., Rich., 214-5.
Tien-lowe, explained, 24.
Tombstones desecrated by incumbent at Newhouse, 56, 76.
TooteU, Hugh., pr., 221. Mr., pr., Winifred, 220-1.
Tounson, Thos., 61.
Towneley HaU, chap., 55, 210.
Towsey, Mr., 185.
Trafford, Sir Cecil, returns to the faith, 31. Chap., 92, 131, 205-6, 208. Sir
Edm., 18. 30, character 31, 92.
Trafford, Eliz., 31. Conversion of Capt., 189. Flail and motto, 5, 31.
House, 62, 127, 142, 197, 205-6, 225. Sir Humphrey, 206. Sir f no.,
5. Jno., 92, 205. Thos. Joseph, 225. Volunteers, 206. Wm., Abbot
of Salley, executed, 5, 31.
Travers, fam. 51.
Tree of Life, 202, 228.
Trelawny, Sir H., 229, relapses into a parson awhile, 230.
Tudhoe, School and College, 132-3, 136 seq., 17S, 190-1, i95-

268 INDEX.
Tulketh HaU, 51.
Turberville, Hen., pr., 172.
Turville, Fortescue, 133.
Twyford School, 169 seq.
Tyburn, 23-
Tyldesley, Edw., 235. Rich., 19. Thos., the diarist, 45, 62, 67 seq., 235.
Mrs. Thutstan, 331.
Ugthorpe, mission, 135, 201. Erection of new chap., 208-9, 221-2, history,
217, school, 2ig, old chapel erected, 220 seq.
Ushaw College, 64, 66, 71, customs, 82, 85, 87-8, receives plate from Douay,
no, 242.
Usk, mission, 13a
Valladolid, Eng. CoU., 166, 208.
Varennes, Bellaud, 145.
Varley, Thos., pr., 165, 168.
Vavasour, Sir Waller, S.J., 63-4.
Veal, Wm., i3g.
Wadsworth, Nic. 58.
Walker, Jno., Canon, g2. /., historian of Penrith, 240.
Wall, Wm., informer, 69.
Walmesley, Bp. Chas., 227.
Walpole, Hen., S.J., martyr, 26, 29, 33, 38.
Walton, 22. Doro., 61. Miss, 183. /aj., of Lightfoot Houses, a "shutter,"
68. Hen. Crane, 239. — le Dale ,manor ceded to the Hoghtons, 20.
Bp. Wm., 220.
Ward, Thos., 202, 217, 221
Wards House, chap., 207.
Wareing, Bp. Wm., 188.
Warkworth Castle, chap., 170.
Weavers, of Hoghton Bottoms, 8. Ditty, la
Wedacre HaU, 23.
Weedall, Mgr. Hen., 187.
Weld Bank, mission, 134, 215.
Weldon, Wm., S.J., 236.
Wesham, 41, 43, mission, 71.
West, Geo., pr., see Bostoclv.

INDEX. 269
Westby, CO. York, 7. Hal , lo. Lane, mission, 135,230, history 231 seq.,
raid on, 232, search, 233, altar-piece, 234, chapel closed, 238, new
chapel of St. Anne erected, 239. Fam. of Mowbreck, 22-3, 79. Jno.'
7, 23, 32, 36. Perpetua, 6g. Thos., 69. Thos., 80. Wm., 7.
Westhead, Joseph, pr., 206.
Westminster, Hall, 33. St. Mary's, 136.
Whalley Abbey, 4, 5, 212.
Whitaker, Jno. Feilding, pr., 241.
Whitby, mission, 135, histor>' 217 seq.
White, HiU, 45, 58. Thos., pr., 132. Wm., student, 229-30.
Whittingham, 45, 64-5, 67. Fam., 65. Hen., 45.
Wigan, St. Marie's, 341. — Lane, 336.
Wigton, mission, 341.
WUds, Wm., pr., 137, i3g, 130, 178.
Wilcock, Edw., attorney of Preston, 46, 53, 58-9, 185.
Wilkinson, Thos., pr., 174. Wm., pres. of St. Omer's, 142, 145, 147.
WiUacy, James, pr. 171-2.
WiUiam 111., kiUed by a horse bred by Squire Haydock, 45.
Williams, Bp. Thos. Dom., 236.
WiUiamson, Jno. 81.
WiUows, Kirkham, mission, 208, 223, 238.
Wilson, itihumane overseer, 243. Fam. of Bank Hall, 62. Marmaduke, pr.,
and Robt, of Salwick Hall, pr., see Longstaff. Thos., a spy, 37.
Winchester, mission, 132.
Winckley, Edw., 45. Square formed, 87-8. Wm., pr., 235.
Windebank, secretary, 16.
Windleshaw Chantry, 135.
Winwick Chantry, i.
Wiseman, Prioress Mary, i8r.
Witch, of Dun Cow Rib 64, of Woodplumpton, 40 seq.
Witham, Hen. SUvertop assumes the name, 192. Dr. Robt., 47-8, 227.
Withnell, Rich., 61.
Wogan, D., Dublin publisher, dies insolvent, 203.
WolfaU, fem. of Wolfall HaU, Thos., pr. 313-4.
Woodcock, of Lemon House, Hall, 87. Jane, Jno., O.S.F., martyr, Maria,
Thos., 88. Jno., pr., 88, 133, 333 seq., 228-9. Mrs., 89, 91, 197
Nic, 87-8, 132. Rich., 60, 88.
Woodplumpton, witch of, 40 seq. Cottam Chapel in, 53. Crow ifall in, 70.
Woods, Mother, O.S.A., 182. Thos., pr., in prison, 32. Thos., 61.
Wooler, mission, 244,

270 INDEX.
Worden HaU, 55.
Worksop Matior, chap., 48-9.
Worsley, Robt., 18.
Worswick, Alex., of Leighton Hall, 210. James, pr., 117, 133, 168, 193, 300,
310. fno., pr. 210.
Worthington, of Blainscough, 22. Thos., 22, 32, 39. Dr. Thos., S.J., 39,
227.
Worthy, Jno., Canon, 215.
Wrennall, Hen., canon, Joseph, pr., Roger, martyr, Wm., Mgr., Jno., alias
Reynolds, 71.
Wright, fam. of Kelvedon, students at Old HaU, 172. Bankers, 168, i8Z. '
Wycliffe, mission, 88. 132
Yarm, mission, 138.
Yates, Jno., pr., of Esh Laude, 83, 200.
Yealand, mission, 216.
York, Castle, 219. Duke of, 117. Gaol, 218. Mission, 87-8, 130, 137. B.
Haydock, elected provincial O.S.B. of, 40.
Young, Thos., archbp. of York, and lord-president of the North, 8, n, 12.
Zouche, Wm. de la, archbp. ot York, 57.

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