YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY A39002085617976B THE HISTORY O F T H E P UR ITANS O R Vroteftant NonConformifts> FROM THE Death of King Charles I. to the A£t of Toleration by King Wi lliam and Queen Mary, in the Year 1689. WITH An Account of their Principles ; their Attempts for a further Reformation in the Church j their Sufferings; and the Lives and Characters of their Principal Divines. By DANIEL NEAL, M. A. VOL. IV. 11 ' ' ' 1 1 , . ' , 11 1 1 ..ill ' 1 This know alfo, that in the loft Days ferilous Times fhall come, 2 Tim. iii. 1 . tfhey fhall put you out of the Synagogues \ yea, the Time cometh, that whofoever killeth you will think that h§ doth God Service, John xvi. 2. LONDON: IPrwtedr for Richard Hett, at the Bihle ani Cr«wn in the Poultry. M.DCC.XXXVHI. THE PREFACE. HIS Volume brings the Hiftory of the Suf- ferings of the Puritans down to its Period ; for though the Protectant Difienters have fince complained of fever al Difficulties and Difcouragemenls, yet mofl of the Penal Laws have been fufpended ; the Profecutions of the Spiritual Courts have been conjiderably reftrained by the kind Interpofition of the Civil Powers, and Liberty of Con- fcience enjoyed without the Hazard of Fines, Imprifon- ments, and other Terrors of this World. The Times now in Review were ftormy and boifterous : Upon the Death of King Charles I. the Conftitution was diffolved : The Men at the Helm had no legal Authority to change the Government into a Commonwealth, the Prbteclorjhip of Cromwel was an Uforpation, beCaufe grafted only on the Military Power, and fo were all the miftjapen Forms into which the Adminiftration was caft till the Rejloration of tht King. In order to pafs a right A a Judg- The PREFACE. Judgment upon thefe extraordinary Revolutions, the Tem per and Circumftances of the Nation are to fa duly con- fidered j for thofe Aclions which in fm First, ThafcUNiFORMiTY Of Sentiments in Re ligion is^not to beattained among Christians; nor will a Comprehension within an Eftablifliment be of Service to the Caufe of Truth and Liberty with out a Toleration of all other dutiful Subjefts. Wifi uatfd, good Men, after their moft diligentSearcbes af- ' tetsTruth, have feen Things in a different Light, which is ,mt~tp beravaided as -long as they have Liberty to judge for themfelves. If Cbrift had appointed an infallible Judge upon- Earth ; or Xylen-were to be determined by an implicit-^Fakb^ini their Superiors, there would 'tie an End of fuch Differences ; but ¦Alt the Engines' of human Poli cy that, have been Jet at Work to obtain it have_ hitherto failed of Succefs. Subfcriptions, and a Variety of Oaths and, other, Tefts have -occafioned great Mijchiejs to the Church yy.Bfyibefe, Means Men of weak Morals, and am- bitipus^Viewshave k$en?*aifed to the higbeft Pfefefments, wh^U Others of fir icier Virtue^ and fuperior Talents y have beep- ¦mgkoied andjaidafide ;Mnd Power has been* lodged in . the Hands of thofe who have ujed it ¦ in an unchriflian M[anner, to force Men to ah Agreement in Sounds and outiyatd Appearances, contrary to the true Conviclion and Senfe of their Minds ; ^and thus a lafting Reproach "has been brought on- the Chrifiian Name, and on the genuine Principles of a ProtefiantChurcb. Secqndly, All Parties of Chriftians, when in Power, have been guilty of Perfecution for Confid ence lake. The Annals of the Church are a mofi melan choly Demonflration of this Truth.. Let the Reader call to mind the bhodf Proceedings of the Popilh Bifliops in Queen Mary's Reign ; and the Account that has been, gi ven of the 'Star Chamber and. High Commiffion Court in yiii The, PREFACE: in later Times; what Numbers of ' ufeful Minifters hamt been fequefier'dy imprifoned, and their Families reduced. to- poverty and Djfgvacefor refufing\to wear a white Sur plice, or to comply with a few indifferent Ceremonies ? What Havock did the Prelbyterians make with their Co venant Uniformity], '¦their Jure Diviho DifcipMne,. and their' rigid Prohibition of reading the old Service Book! And though the Independants had a better Notion of the Rights of Confidence, how defetlive was their Infirument of Government under, Gromwel ! How,arbitrary the Proceed" ings of {heir TryersJ How narrow tbepul&ji, of Fundament tals! .And bswfevere their ReftfaMtsof the Prefis /,' And though the rigorous Proceedings of the Puritans of this Age* did by no Meani rival thofe of the Prelates before and af ter the CivilfVars, yet tbey are fo many Species of Perfe ction, and not to bejuftified even by the Confufion of the Times in which the f were ailed. , ; Thirdly, It is unfafe and dangerous to intruft any Sort of Clergy with the 5Power of the Sword, for our Saviour's Kingdom is not of this World, if it were (jays he) then would my Servants fight, but now is my Kingdom not from hence. , The Church and State fhould ft and :o$ adiflincl Bafis, and. their JuriJdiclion. be agreeable to the, Nature of their Crimes ; thofe of the Church purely Spiritual, and thofe of the State purely Civil ; as the King is fupream in the State, he -is_ alfo Htad, or Guardian of the Church in thofe Spiritual Rights that Chrift has intrufied it with. When the Church in former Ages firft ajfumed the fecular Pow er, it not only rival'd the State, but in a little Time lifted up its Head above Emperors and Kings, and all the Potentates of the Earth: The Thunder of its Anathema's was beard in all Nations, and in her Skirts was found the Blood of the Prophets', and Saints, and of all that were flain upon the Earth. And whenever it recovers the Wound that was given it at the Reformation, it will undoubtedly refiume the fame. The PREFACE, « abjolute coercive Dominion. It is therefore the Interefi vf.all Sovereign Princes, to keep their Clergy within the Limits that Cbrift has prefcribed them in the New Teftament, and not to trufi them with the Power of infiicling Corporal Pains or Penalties on their Subjecls, which have no relation to the Chriflian Methods of Con- verjion. Fourthly, Reformation of Religion, or a Re- drefs of Grievances in the Church has not in fadt arifen from the Clergy. / would not be thought to refletl upon that venerable Order, which is of great UJefulnefs, and deferved Honour, when the Ends of its Institution are purfued; but Jo ftrange has been the Infatuation, fo enchanting the Luft of Dominion, and the Charms of Riches and Honour, that the Propaga tion of Piety and Virtue has been very much neglecled* and little elfe thought of but how they might rife higher in the Authority and Grandeur of this World, and fortify their ftrong Holds againft all that fhould attack them. In the Dawn of the Reformation the Cler gy maintained the Pope's Supremacy againft the King, till they were caft in a Praemunire. In 'the Reign of Queen Elizabeth there ..was but One of the whole Bench who would join in the Confer ation of a Proteftanc Bifhop ; and when the Reformation was eftablifhed, how cruelly did thofe Proteftant Bifhops, who themfelves had fuffered for Religion, vex the Puritans, becaufe they could not come up to their Standard. How unfriendly did they behave at the Hampton-Courr Conference ! At the Reftoration of King Charles II. and at the late Revolution of King William and Queen Mary ! when the rnojl folemn Promifes were broken, and the moft hopeful Opportunity of accommodating Differences among Proteftants lost, by the Perverfenefs of the Clergy towards thofe very Men who had faved them from Ruin. So little Ground is there to hope for an Union among Chrisli- am, or the Propagation of Truth, Peace, and Cha- a rty* The PREFACE. rity, from Councils, Synods, General Affemblies, or Convocations of the Clergy ,ef, any Sert.wbatfo- ever, , * v" Fifthly, Upon thefe Principles it is evident, that JF^eedom of Religion, in fubprdination to the Civil Power, is for the Benefit of Society, and no ways inconfiftent with a publick Eftablifhment. The King may create Dignicaries, and give fufficient En couragement to thofie of the Publick Religion, without invading the Liberties of his Diffenting Subjecls. If Religious Eftablifhments were fiript of their Judicial Proceffes, and Civil Jurifdiclion, no harm could be feared from them. And as his Majefty is Defender of 'the Faith in Scotland as well as England, and. equal ly the Guardian of both Churches, be will, no doubt, hold the Balance, and prevent Either from rifing to fuch a Pitch of Greatnejs as to aci independently on the State, or become formidable and opprejfive to their Neighbours ; the Former would create Imperium in Imperio ; and there is but one Step between the Church's being independant on the State, and the STATE«becoming dependant on the,Church. Be fides, as freedom of Religion is for the true Ho nour and Dignity of the Crown, it is no lejs for the Service of the Community ; for the Example of the neighbouring Nations may convince us, that Uniformi ty in the Church will always* be attended with abfolute and defpotick Power in the State. The Meetings of Diffenting Proteftants were formerly called Seditious, becaufe the Peace of the Publick was falfiy Juppofied to confifl in Uniformity of Worfhip ; but long Experience has taught us the contrary ; for, though the Non Conformifts in thofe Times gave no Difturbance to the Adminiftration, the Nation was far from being at Peace ; but when Things came lo a Cri- fis, their joining with the Church againft a corrupt Court and Minifiry, Javed the Religion and Liberties of the Na tion. The PREFACE. # Hon. , It mufi therefore be the IntehfiSof a free People. to fitppert and encourage Liberty of Confidence, and not to fiuffer any one great and powerful Religious Body ta opprefs^ devour, and fwallow up the reft, '...•\\v:s. r .-. '-\, • Finally, When Proteftant Diffenters recollect the Sufferings of their Fathers in the laft Age for the Freedom of their Confciences, let them be thank ful that their Lot* is caft in more fettled Times. The Liberties of England are the Price of a great deal of Blood and Treafure ; wide Breaches were made in the Conftitution in the four Reigns of the Male Line of the Stuarts, Perfecution and arbitrary Power went hand in band; the Conftitution was often in cptivulfive Agwies, when the Patrons of Liberty appeared boldly in the no ble Caufe, and fiacrificed their Efiates and Lives in its Defence, The Puritans flood firm by the Proteftanc Religion, and bj the Liberties of their Country in the Reigns of King Charles II. and King James II. and re ceived the Fire of the Enemy from all their Batteries, without moving Sedition, or taking Advantage of their Perfecutors, when it was afterwards in their Power. Some Amendments, in my humble Opinion, are fiill want ing to fettle the Caufe of Liberty on a more equal Bafis, and to deliver wife and good Men from the Fetters of Oaths, Subfcriptions, and Religious Tefts of all Sorts. But whether fiucb defirable Bleffings are in referve for this Nation, mufi be left to the Determination of an All-wife Providence. In the mean Time, may Pro teftant Diffenters exprefs their Gratitude for the Pro tection and Eafe they enjoy at prejent, by an undiffem- bled Piety towards God! By a firm and unfhaken Loyalty to his Majefty's Perjon, and wife Adminiftra- tion ! By avoiding every Thing that tends to Perfecu tion or Cenforioujnejs for meer Differences in Religion ! And by the Integrity of their own Lives and Man ners ! And while they think it their Duly to feparate from the National Eftablifhment, may they difiingutfh ¦¦"""" ~" them- xu The PREFACE. themfelves by the Exercife of all facial Virtues, and Jiand fafl in the Liberty wherewith the Providence of God has made them free ! By Jucb a Conduit they will prefierve their Char abler s with all fiober Perfoips, and will tranfimit the Bleffmgs oftheprefent Age to their lateft Poflerity. London, March 1. 1737-8. Daniel Neal. THE THE HISTORY O F T H E PURITANS.! VOL. IV. CHAP. I. From the Death of King Charles I. ttt the Coronation of King Charles II. in. Scotland. PON the Death of the late King, theCommoiP legal Government was diffolved, and wealth. all that followed till the Reftoration of ^^j King Charles II. was no better than an f^e Mo- Ufurpation under different Shapes ; theaardy Houfe of Commons, if it may deferve/Kr*''''"",* that Name, after it had been purged of a third Part of ^°~* its Members, relying upon the Ail cf Continuation, ' called themfelves the Supreme Authority of the Nation, and began with an Aft to difinherit the Prince of Wales, forbidding all Perfons to proclaim him King Vol. IV. B of 2 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Common- 0f England, oh pain of High Tfeafbn. Thfe Houfe Tlig.' of Lor?ls was voted ufelef"s ' and the °ffice of a KinS v^-v>-' unneceffary, burdenfome, and dangerous. The Form of Government for the future Was declared to be a free Commonwealth ; the Executive Power to be lodged in the Hands of a Council of State of Forty Perfons, with full Powers to take Care of the whole Admini- ftration for one Year ; new Keepers of the Great Seal were appointed, from whom the Judges received their Commiffions, with the Name, Stile* and Title of, Cuftodes Libertatis Anglise Authoritate Parliament}, i. e. Keepers of the Liberties of England by Authority of Parliament. The Coin was ftamped on one Side with the Arms of England between a Laurel and a Palm, with this Infcription, The Commonwealth of England ; and on the other, a Crofis and Harp) with this Motto, God with us. The Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy were abolifhed, and a new One ap pointed, called the Engagement, which was, To be true and faithful to the Government eftablijhed, with out King or Houfe of Peers. Such as refufed the Oath were declared incapable of holding any Place or Office of Truft in the Commonwealth ; but as many of the excluded Members of the Houfe of Commons as would take it refumed their Places. Remarks. Such was the Foundation of this new Conftitution, which had neither the Confent of the People of Eng land, nor their Reprefentatives in a free Parliament. " And if ever there was an ufurped Government, mu- " tilated, and founded only in Violence (fays Rapin) it " was that of this Parliament." But though it was unfupported by any other Power but the Army, it was carried on by the moft confummate Wifdom, Courage, and Succefs, till the fame Power that kt it up was per mitted by divine Providence with equal Violence to pull it down. Qfttfid by The new Commonwealth met with Oppofition from «*/.«*/-divers Quarters in its infant State: The Levellers in the Army gave out, that the People had only changed their Chap.L of the Pvxtfktt$<. if then; Yoke^ riot fhaken it off; and that/ the Rump's Coiniiroifc litde Finger (for fo the Houfe of Commons was. now we^lth. called) would be heavier than the King's Loins. The ^J^l^ Agitators therefore petitioned the Houfe to diffolve themfelves*; that new Reprefentatives might be cho- fen. The Commons alarmed at thefe Proceedings^ ordered their General Officers to cafhier the Petitioners} and break their Swords over their Heads, which waS done accordingly. But when the Forces paffed under \^i^ a general Review at Ware, their Friends in the Army p. 3871, agreed to diftinguifh themfelves by wearing fomethihg389* white in their Hats ; which Cromwel having fome Intelli gence of beforehand, commanded two Regiments of Horfe who were not in the Secret, to furround one of the Regiments of Foot ; and having condemned four of the Ringleaders in a Council of War, he commanded two of them to be fhot to Death by their other two* Affociates, in fight of the whole Army ; and to break the Combination, eleven Regiments were ordered for Ireland j upon which great Numbers deferred; and marched into Oxfiordfhire ; but General Fairfax and Cromwel having overtaken them at Abitigdon, held them in Treaty till Colonel Reynolds came Up, and after fome few Skirmifhes difperfed them. The Scots threaten'd the Commonwealth with a more And by M formidable Invafion, for upon the Death of King Scots. Charles I. they proclaimed the Prince of Wales King of Scotland, and fent Commifiioners to the Hague, to invite him into that Kingdom; provided he would re nounce Popery undt Prelacy^ and take the fiolewm League and Covenant. To prevent the Effects of this Treaty; and cultivate a good Understanding with the Dutchj, the Parliament fent Dr. Dorijlaus^ an eminent Civilian, concerned in the late King's Trial, Agent to the States . General •, but the very firft Night after his Arrival, Whitfr May 3. he was murdered in his oWn Chamber byP38^. twelve defperate Cavaliers in difguife, who rufhed in upon him while he was at Supper, and with their drawn Swords killed him on the Spot. Both the Par- B 2 liamen? 4 ^HISTORY Val.IV. Gonifflon- Hament and States of Holland refented this bafe Action wealth. f0 highly, that the young King thought proper to re- ^Jryr^, move into France , from whence he went to the Ifle of Jer fey, and towards the latter End of the Year fixed at Breda >, where the Scots Commiffioners concluded a Treaty with him, upon the Foot of which he ventured his Royal Perfon into that Kingdom the next Year. But to ftrike Terror into the Cavaliers, the Parlia ment erected another High Court of Jufiice, and fen- tenced to Death three illuftrious Noblemen, for the Part they acted in the laft Civil War ; Duke Hamil ton, the Earl of Holland, and Lord Capel, who were all executed March 9. in the Palace Tard at Weftmin- fter : Duke Hamilton declared himfelf a Prefbyterian ; and the Earl of Holland was attended by two Minifters of the fame Perfuafion ; but Lord Capel was a tho rough Loyalift, and went off the Stage with the Cou rage and Bravery of a Roman. L.G. But the chief Scene of great Actions this Year was Cromwel ;n freian^ which Cromwel, a bold and enterprizing Ireland Commander, was appointed to reduce ; for this pur- pofe he was made Lord Lieutenant for three Years, and having taken leave of the Parliament, failed from Milford Haven about the Middle of Augufi with an Army of fourteen Thoufand brave Soldiers of refo- lute Principles, who before the Imbarkation kept a Day of Fafting and Prayer ; in which Mr. Whitlock obferves, that after three Minifters had prayed, Lieu tenant Genera] Cromwel himfelf, and the Colonels Gougb and Harrifon expounded fome Parts of Scrip ture excellently well, and pertinently to the Occafion. The Army was under a fevere Difcipline ; not an Oath was to be heard throughout the whole Camp, but the Soldiers fpent their leifure Hours in reading their Bibles, in finging - Pfalms, and religious Con ferences. His rapid Almoft all Ireland was in the Hands of the Roy- Swcfs. ajifts and Roman Catholicks, except Dublin and Lon donderry ; the former of thefe Places had been lately befieged Chap.I. of the Puritans. $ befieged by the Duke of Ormond with twenty Thou- Common- fiind Men, but the Garrifon being recruited with three we^- Regiments from England, the Governor, Colonel JrJ2^ Jones, furprized the fJefiegers, and after a vigorous Sally ftormed their Camp, and routed the whole Ar my, which difperfed it felf into Drogheda, and other fortified Places. Cromwel, upon his Arrival, was received with the Acclamations of ajvaft ConCQurfe of People, to whom he addrefs'd himfelf from a rifing Ground, with Hat in hand, in a Soldier-like Manner, telling them, " He was come to cut down and de- " ftroy the barbarous and blood-thirfty Irijh, with all " their Adherents ; but that all who were for the " Protectant Religion, and the Liberties of their Coun- " try, mould find fuitable Encouragement from the " Parliament of England and himfelf, in proportion " to their Merits." Having refrefhed his Forces he marched directly to Drogheda, which was garrifbn'd with 2 500 Foot and 300 Horfe, and was therefore thought capable of holding out a Month ; but the Ge neral neglecting the common Forms of Approach, batter'd the Walls with his Cannons, and having made two acceffible Breaches, like an impatient Conqueror, enter'd the Town in Perfon at the Head of Colonel Ewer's Regiment of Foot, and put all the Garrifon to the Sword, From thence he marched to Wexford, which he took likewife by Storm, and after the Exam ple of Drogheda, put the Garrifon co the Sword ; the General declaring, that He would facrifice all the Irifh Papifts to the Ghofts of the Englifh Proteftants whom they had maffatred in cold Blood. The Conqueft of thefe Places ftruck fuch a Terror into the reft, that they furrenderM upon the firft Summons ; the Name of Cromwel carrying Victory on its Wings before him felf appear'd, the Whole Country was reduced by the Middle of May, except Limerick, Galloway, and one or two other Places, which Ireton took the following Summer. Lord Inchequin deferted the Remains of the Royal Army, and Ormond fled into France. Lieuter B 3 nan? 6 The HISTORY Vol.IV, Common- riant Gerieraf Crowwej being called home to march wealth. againft. the 'Scots, arrived at London about the Middle yjr^s^ of May, and was received by the Parliament and City in a martial and pompous Mtnner, as a , Hero that had^ gained more Laurels,, and done more "Wonders in nine Months, than any Age or Hiftory could parallel. ?Tis a remarkable Account the Lieutenant General give's in one of his Letters, of the Behaviour of the A r- Whitl. my- after their Arrival in Ireland; " Their Diligence, ^434- t' Courage arid Behaviour is fuch (fays he) through ? the Providence of God, and ftrict -Care of the chief " Officers, that never Men did obey Orders more ?' chearfully, nor go upon Duty more couragioufly. t« Nevepclid greater Harmony and Refoiution appear *' to profecute" this Caufe of God, than in this Army. *'- Such-'a Confent of Heart and Hands'; fuch a Sym- f'-pathy of Affeftions,' npt only iri carnal but in fpi- ?' ritual Bonds, which ties fafter than Chains of Ada- f rhant! I have often obferved a wonderful Confent *' of the Officers and Soldiers up®n theGrounds of do- 4* -ing Service to God, and how miraculoufly they have V fucceeded: The Mind of Man being fatisfied, .. and *' -fixed gti God, and that his Undertaking is' for God's <' Glory, it gives the greateft Courage to thofe Men, ^ and Prefperity to their Actions." Summary To put the Affairs of Ireland together • The Roman '-Account sf Catholicks charged the ill Succefs of their Affairs upon l/hehnd.^ "'Duke of Ormond, and fent him Word, "That " they were determined not to fubmit any longer to «' his Commands, it not being fit that a Catholick Ar- ^ my fliould be under the Direction of a Proteftant *c General; but that, if he would depart the Kingdom *« they would undertake of themfelves to drive Ireton ?' out of Dublin.'* After this they offered the King dom to the Duke of Lorrain, a bigotted Papift, who was wife enough to refufe 'it; and then ' quarrelling among themfelves they were foon driven out of all the ftrong Holds of the Kingdom, and forced to fub- jmit to the Mercy of the Conqueror. All that had born Arms Chap. I. of the P u r j tans. 7 Arms in the late Infurrection were fhipp'd away into. Common- France, Spain, or Flanders, never to return on pain wealth. of Death. Thofe who had a Hand in murdering the J^2^, Proteftants at the Time of the Maffacre, were brought Carring- from feveral Parts, of the Country, and after a fair ton'* Life Conviction upon Trial were executed. The reft of?/rCroniw' the Natives, who were called Tories, were fhut up in?' IJ5' the moft inland Counties, and their Lands given part- *r", ly in payment to the Soldiers who fettled there* and* the reft to the firft Adventurers. Lord Clarendon relates it thus, " Near one hundred Thoufand of them " were traniporfed into foreign Parts, for the Service " of the Kings of France and Spaip ; double that " Number were confumed by die Plague, Famine, " and other Severities exercifed upon them in their " own Country ; the Remainder were by Cromwel " tranfplanted into the moft inland, barren, defolate, " and mountainous Part of the Province of Conn.aught, " and it wa,s lawful for any Man to kill any. of the " Irijb. that were found out of the Bounds appointed " them within that Circuit. Such a Proportion of " Land was allotted to every Man, as the ProieSlor " thought competent for them ; upon which they were " to give formal Releafes of all their Titles to their " Lands in any other Provinces ; if they refufed to " give fuch Releafes, they were (till deprived, and " left to ftarve within the Limits prefcribed them v " out of which they durft not withdraw ; fo that very *' few refufed to fign thofe Releafes, or other Acts " which were demanded. It was a confiderable Time " before thefe Irijb could raife any Thing out of their " Lands to fupport their Lives ; but Neceffity was '* the Spring of Induftry." Thus they lived under all the Brands of a conquer'd Nation till the Reftoration of King Charles II. A juft Judgment of God for their bar barous and unheard of Cruelties to the Irijh Prote- ConduB of ftantS ! the Prejly- _ To return to England: The Body of the Prefoyte-*™*' £ jrians, a<^ted in concert with the Scots, for Reftoring the^ sGo'f B 4 King iitrnment.. 8 The HISTORY VoI.IV. Common- King upon the Foot of the Covenant ; feveral of their wealth. ]y[initters carried on a private Correfpondence with the sJ~y+*4 Chiefs of that Nation, and inftead of taking the En gagement to the prefent Powers, called them Ufiurpr ers, and declined praying for them in their Churches ; they alfo declared againft a general Toleration, which the Army and Parliament contended for. t. G. When Lieutenant General Cromwel was embarking Cromwel for Ireland he fent Letters to the Parliament, recom- and the mending the Removal of all the penal Laws relating tfonfrr a to Religion '¦> upon which the Houfe ordered a Com- Toleration. mittee to make Report concerning a Method for the Whitl. Eafe of tender Confciences, and an Act to be brought p. 405. jn to appoint Commiffioners in every County for the Approbation of able and well qualified Perfons to be made Minifters, who cannot comply with the pre fent Ordinance for Ordination of Minifters. Aug. 1 6. General Fairfax, and his Council of Offi cers, prefented a Petition to the fame Purpofe, pray- Ib. pJ ing, " That all penal Statutes formerly made, and 4°4- " Ordinances lately made, whereby many confcienti- " ous People were molefted, and the Propagation of " the Gofpel hinder'd, might be removed. Not that '* they defired this Liberty fhould extend to the fetting " up Popery, or the late Hierarchy ; or to the coun- " tenancing any Sort of Immorality or Prophanenefs ; " for they earneftly defired, that Drunkennefs, Swear- " ing, Uncleannefs, and all Acts of Prophanenefs, " might be vigoroufly profecuted in all Perfons whatr " foever." The Houfe promifed to take the Petition into fpeedy Confideration, and after fome Time paffed it into a Law. Toe En- But to brings the Prefbyterian Clergy to the Teft, SaSe^y the Engagement, which* had been appointed to be ta- enjorce . ^^ ^y au civil and Military Officers within a limited Time, on pain of forfeiting their Places, was now re quired to be fworn and fubfcribed by all Minifters, Heads of Colleges and Halls, Fellows of Houfes, Graduates, and all Officers in the Univerfities ; and by Chap.I. (f^PuRiTANs. 9 by the Mafters, Fellows, School-Mafters, and Scho-Common- lars of Eaton College, Weftminfier, and Winchefter we*lth- Schools ; no Minifter was to be admitted to any Ec- \^~^j clefiaftical Living ; no Clergyman to fit as Member of Walker, the Aflembly of Divines, nor be capable of enjoying P- H6- any Preferment in the Church, unlefs he qualified him felf by taking the Engagement within fix Months, pub- lickly in the Face of the Congregation. Nov. 9. it was referr'd to a Committee, to confider7*^ '«- how the Engagement might be fubfcribed by all the^* f'Jt" People of the Nation of eighteen Years of Age and^"/ upwards. Purfuant to which a Bill was brought in, and paft, Jan. 2. to debar all who fhould refufe to take and fubfcribe it, from the Benefit of the Law ; and to difable them from fuing in any Court of Law or Equity. This was a fevere Teft on the Prefbyterians, occa- Prefiyteri- fioned by the approaching War with the Scots ; but**" refuf* their Clergy inveigh'd bitterly againft it in their Ser-' ' mons, and refufed to obferve the Days of Humiliation LiK appointed by Authority for a Bleffing upon their Arms. p. 64, 66, Mr. Baxter fays, that he writ feveral Letters to the Sol diers, to convince them of the Unlawfulnefs of the pre- fent Expedition ; and in his Sermons declared it a Sin to force Minifters to pray for the Succefs of thofe who had violated the Covenant, and were going to deftroy their Brethren. That he both (poke and preached againft the Engagement, and diffuaded Men from taking it. At Exeter, fays Mr. Whitlock, the Minifters went out of Town on the Faft-Day, and fhut up the Church tDoors ; and all the Magiftrates refufed the Engage ment. At Taunton the Faft was not kept by the Pref- Dyterian Minifters ; and at Chefter they condemned the Engagement, to the Pit of Hell ; as did many of the London Minifters, who kept Days of private Faff ing and Prayer, againft the prefent Government. Some of them (fays Whitlock) joined the Royalifts, and refufed to read the Ordinances of Parliament in their Pulpits, as was ufual in thofe Times > nay, when ; ' ' the ,0 The HISTORY Vol. IV. .Common- the Scots were beat they refufed to obferye the Day of wealth. Thankfgiving, but (hut up their Churches and went lLl^^/ out of Town ; for which they were fummoned before the Committee and reprimanded, but the Times being dangerous no further Notice was taken of them at prefent. # Cavaliers Moft of the Sectarian Party (fays Mr. Baxter) fwal- ^s*"lowed the Engagement ; and fodid the King's old Ca- llToatb va^ersJ very f^w °f them being fick of the Difeafe of up, a fcrupulous Confcience: Some writ for it, but the p. 64, 65. moderate Epifcopal Men, and Prefbyterians, general ly refufed it. Thofe of Lancajhire and Chejhire pub- lifhed the following Reafbns againft it. Sea/ems (1.) " Becaufe they apprehended the Oath of Alfe- «gmnft it, <.<. giance, and the folemn League and Covenant, were «* J°> ' ¦ «. H-jj] binJing_ (2.) " Becaufe the prefent Powers were no better ¦ " than Ujurpers. (3.) " Becaufe the taking of it was a Prejudice to. " the right Heir of the Crown, and to the ancient le- " gal Conftitution." To which it was anfwered, " That it was abfurd to " fuppofe the Oath of Allegiance, or the folemn " League and Covenant to be in force after the King's " Death •, for how could they be obliged to preferve " the King's Perfon, when the King's Perfon was de-. " ftroy'd, and the kingly Office abolifhed ; and as to " his Succeffor, his Right had been forfeited and tar " ken away by Parliament?" With regard to the prefent Powers it was faid, " That it was not for pri- " vate Perfons to difpute the Right? and Titles of «' their fupreme Governors. Here was a Government 'l defiailo, under which they lived ; as long therefore An- the full Enjoyment of their Ecclefiaftical Preferments thority. according to Law ; when this would not do, an Or der was publifhed, that Minifters in their Pulpits fhould not meddle with State Affairs. After this the famous Mr. Milton was appointed to write for the Go vernment, who rallied the feditious Preachers with his fatyrical Pen in a fevere Manner ; at length, when all Other Methods failed, a Committee was chofen to re- Whitl. ceive Informations againft fuch Minifters as in theirP- 387< Pulpits vilified and afperfed the Authority of Parlia ment, and an Act was paffed, that all fuch fhould be fequefter'd from their Ecclefiaftical Preferments. The Prefbyterians (imported themfelves under thefe Hardfhips by their Alliance with the Scots, and their Profpect of a fpeedy Alteration of Affairs from that Quarter ; for in the Remonftrance of the General Af fembly of that Kirk, dated July 27. they declare, that " The Spirit which has acted in the Councils ofScots De- " thofe who have obftructed the Work of God, de-^™^« *' (piled the Covenant, corrupted the Truth, forced ^rUtix.'*' !' the Parliament, murdered the King, changed they p *' Government, and eftablifhed fuch an unlimited To-N" 34. *' leration in Religion, cannot' be the Spirit of Righ-p,6. ',' teoufhefs 12 The HISTORY Vol.IV, Common- " teoufnefs and Holinefs. They therefore warn the Sub- wealth. « jec-}-s of Scotland againft joining with them, and in cafe ^-y^, " of an Invafion to ftand up in their own Defence. The " Englijh have no Controverfy with us (fay they) but " becaufe the Kirk and State have declared againft " their unlawful Engagement -, becaufe we (till adhere "to our Covenant, and have born our Teftimony " againft their Toleration, and taking away the King's *' Life." But then they warn their People alfo againft Malignants, " who value 'themfelves upon their At- li tachment to the young King, and if any from that " Quarter fhould invade the Kingdom, before his " Majefty has given Satisfaction to the Parliament " and Kirk, they exhort their People to refift them, " as Abettors of an abfolute and arbitrary Govern- " ment." Parlia- About two Months after this, the Parliament of Eng- ment vm- iand pUblifhed a Declaration on their Part, wherein tbTrPro- l'iey complain or" tne Revolt of the Englijh and Scots eefdiags. Prefbyterians, and of their taking Part with the Ene- V. P. my, becaufe their Difcipline was not the exact Stand- N° 34. ard of Reformation. " But we are (till determined " (fay they) not to be difcouraged in our Endeavours " to promote the Purity of Religion, and the Liberty " of the Commonwealth ; and for the Satisfaction of " our Prefbyterian Brethren, we declare, That we " will continue all thofe Ordinances which have been " made for the promoting a Reformation of Religion, '* in Dotlrine, Worjhip, and Dijcipline, in their full " force ; and will uphold the fame, in order to fup- p' prefs Popery, Superftition, Blafphemy, and all " Kinds of Prophanenefs. Only" we conceive our " felves obliged to take away all fuch A Sis and Ordi- *¦' nances as are penal and coercive in Matters of Con- " ficience. And becaufe this has given fo great Of-' " fence, we declare, as in the Prefence of God, that " by whomfoever this Liberty fhall be abufed, we* " will be ready to teftify our Difpleafure againft them, •" by an effectual Profecwtion of fuch Offenders."" The Chap.I. of the Puritans,. ig The Scots Commiffioners were all this while treating Common- with the King in Holland, and infifting on his fub- we^th* fcribing the folemn League and Covenant ; his efta- vJ-^2^/ blifhing the Weftminfter Confiejfion, the Directory, Scots and the Prefbyterian Government in both Kingdoms. Treaty The King being under difcouraging Circumftances'^?''^' contented to all their Demands with regard to Scot- Holland ' land, and as to England referr'd himfelf to a free Par liament : But the Scots not fafisfied with his Majefty's Exceptions as to England, replied, that " Such an They will " Anfwer as this would grieve the whole Kirk of«f'*<* *b* " Scotland, and all their Covenanting Brethren inpI,g!?fll " England and Ireland, who under Pain of the moft^ '" " folemn Perjury ftand bound to God and one ano- " ther, to live and die by their Covenant, as the chief " Security of their Religion and Liberties, againft Po- " pifh and Prelatical Malignants. Tour Majefty's Fa- " ther (fay they) in his lajl Mejjage to our Kirk cffer- " ed to ratify the folemn League and Covenant. He " offered likewifie at the Ifle of Wight to confirm the " Direclory, and the Presbyterial Government in Eng- " land and Ireland, till he and his Parliament jkould " agree upon a jettled Order of the Church. Befides, " your Majefty having offered to confirm the Abolifh- " ing of Epifcopacy, and the Service Book in Scot- " land, it cannot certainly be againft your Confcience " to do it England." But the King would advance no farther till he had heard from the Queen Mother, who fent him Wford, that it was the Opinion of the Council of France, that he fhould agree with the Scots upon the beft Terms he could get ; which he did ac cordingly, as will be related the next Year. The fifth Provincial Affembly of London met the Begining of May at Sion College, the Reverend Mr. Jackfon, of Sr. Michael, Woodfireet, Moderator. A Committee was appointed to prepare Materials for Proof of the Divine Right of Prefbyrerial Church Go vernment. The Proofs were examined and approved by this, and the Affembly that met- in November fol- . lowing, 14 #6* HISTORY Valrti Common- lowing, of which Mr. Walker was Moderator, Mri *?kh- Colony and Jackfion Affeffors, and Mr. Blackwell yj£^>» Scribe. The Treatife was printedj and afferts, (i.) That there is a Church Government of divine Inftitution. (2.) That the Civil Magiftrate is not die Origin or Head of Church Government. And, (3.) That the Government of the Church by Synods and Claffes is the Government that Chrift appointed. It maintains Separation from their Churches to be Schifim ; that Minifters formerly ordained by Bifhops need not be re-ordained: And for private Chriftians in particular Churches to affume a Right of fending Perfons forth to preach, and to adminifter th.e Sacra ments, is, in their Opinion, infufferable. Augmen- The Parliament did all they could to fatisfy the male- tation of content Prefbyterians, by fecuring them in their Livings* ?"V V and by ordering the Dean and Chapter Lands to be fold, mine's oy / o jt * Tithes Wand their Names to be extinct, except the Deanry of Chrift firft Fruits, Church, and the Foundations of jyeftminfter, Winchefteri &c- and Eaton Schools. The Bifhops Lands, which had been Scobel, fequefter'd fince the Year 1 646. were now by an Ordi- P4l'II3-nance 0f june 3# 164Q. veiled in the Hands of new Truftees, and appropriated to the Augmentation of poor Livings in the Church. The firft Fruits and Tenths of all Ecclefiaftical Livings, formerly payable to the Crown, were vetted in the fame Hands, free from all Incumbrances, on Truft, that " they fhould pay yearly, all fuch Salaries, Stipends,- Allowances and Provifions, as have been fettled and confirmed by Parliament, for preaching Minifters, School-Mafters, or Profeffors in the Univerfities ; provided the Affi>n- ment to any one do not exceed one Hundred Pounds. 'Tis further provided, that the Maintenance of all In cumbents fhall not be lefs than one Hundred Pounds per Annu\n, and the Commiffioners of the Great Seal are empowered to enquire into the yearly Value of all Ecclefiaftical Livings, to which any Cure of Souls is annexed ; and to certify into the Court of Chancery the Names- Chap.t. b/"/^ Puritans. i£ Names of the prefent Incumbents who fupply the Cure, Common- with their refpective Salaries; how many Chapels belong wealth' to Parifh Churches, and how the feveral Churches and v^y^/ Chapels are fupplied with preaching Minifters ; that fo ^"^ fome Courfe may be taken for providing for a better Maintenance where it is wanting. Dr. Walker fays, thep- i+. Value of Bifhops Lands forfeited and fold amounted to a Million of Money ; but tho' they fold very cheap, they that bought them had a very dear Bargain in the End. Upon Debate of an Ordinance concerning publick Prtfi. Worfhip, and Church Government, the Houfe de- j*^- ^*i- clared, that the Prefbyterial Government fhould be the ^ " eftablifhed Government* And upon the Queftion, Whether Tithes fhould be continued, it Was refolved, That they fhould not be taken away till another Main tenance equally large and honourable fhould be fub- ftituted in the Room of it. The Inhabitants of, the Principality of Wales were Pnpagati- deftitute of the Means of Chriftian Knowledge, their0" °fihf Language was little underftood, their Clergy were ig-S^J* "* norant and idle ; fo that they had hardly a Sermon from one Quarter of a Year to another. The People had nei ther Bibles nor Catechifms ; nor was there a fufficient Maintenance for fuch as were capable of inftructing them. The Parliament taking the Cafe of thefe People into Confideration, pafs'd an Act, Feb. 22. 1649. For the better Propagation and Preaching of the Gofipel in Wales, for the ejecling ficandalous Minifters and School- Mafters, and Redrefis ofijome Grievances ; to continue in force for three Years. What ^was done in purfu- ance of this Ordinance will be related hereafter ; but the Parliament were fo intent upon the Affair of Reli-1 gion at this Time, that Mr. Whitlock fays, they devo ted Friday in every Week to eonfult Ways and Means for promoting it. Nor did they confine themfelves to England, bdt zsAndin foon as Lieutenant General Cromwel had reduced Ire- Ireland; land, the Parliament paft an Ordinance, March 8. 1649. for the Encouragement of Religion and Learn- 1 ing 16 The HISTORY VoI.IV. Common- ing in that Country ; " They invefted all the Manors wealth. « and Lands late of the Archbifhop of Dublin, and ilr^T^j " of the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick^ together " with the Parfonage of Trym belonging to the Bi- *' fhoprick of Meath, in the Hands of Truftees, for " the Maintenance and Support of Trinity College in " Dublin ; and for the creating, fettling, and main- ** taining another College in the faid City, and of a " Matter, Fellows, Scholars, and publick Profeffors : " And alfo, for erecting a Free School, with a Ma- " fter, Ufher, Scholars, and Officers, in fuch Man- " ner, as any Five of the Truftees, with the Confent " of the Lord Lieutenant, fhall direct and appoint. " The Lord Lieutenant to nominate the Governor, " Mafters, &c. and to appoint them their Salaries; " and the Truftees, with the Confent of the Lord " Lieutenant, fhall draw up Statutes and Ordinances, " to be confirmed by the Parliament of England." The Univerfity of Dublin being thus revived, and put upon a new Foot, the Parliament fent over fix of their moft acceptable Preachers to give it Reputation, appointing them tw^ Hundred Pounds per Annum, out of the Bifhops Lands ; and till that could be duly raifed, to be paid out of the publick Revenues : And for their further Encouragement, if they died in that Service, their Families were to be provided for. By thefe Methods Learning began to revive, and in a few Years Religion appeared with a better Face than it had ever done in that Kingdom before. A Corpo- A Profpect being opened for fpreading the Chrifti- rationfor an Religion among*the Indians, upon the Borders of HonofThe ^ew &n%land"> tne Parliament gave way to a general Gofpela- Collection throughout England, and erected a Corpo- niong the ration for this Service, who purchafed an Eftate in Indians. Land of between five and fix Hundred Pounds per An num ; but on the Reftoration of King Charles II. the Charter became void, and Colonel Bedingfield, a Ro man Catholick Officer in the King's Army, of whom a confiderable Part of the Land was purchafed, feized 2 it Chap.I. ff/rf? Puritans. 17 it for his own Ufes pretending he had fold it under the Common- Value, in hopes of Recovering it upon the King's Re- W€alth- turn. In order to defeat the Colonel's Defign, the So- JrJ*, ciety folicited the King for a new Charter, which they ""^ obtained by the Intereft of the Lord Chancellor. It bears date Feb. 7. in the 14th Year of his Majefty's Reign, and differs but little from the old One. The Honourable Robert Boyle, Efq; was the firft .Gover nor. They afterwards recovered Colonel Bedingfield's Eftate, and are at this Time in Poffeffion of about five Hundred Pounds per Annum, which they employ for the Converfion of the Indians in America. But all that-the Parliament could do was not Suffici ent to ftop the Mouths of the Loyalifts and difcontent- ed Prefbyterians; -the Pulpit and Prefs founded to Se dition ; the latter produced Invectives every., Week againft the Government ; it was. therefore refolyed to lay a fevere Fine upon- Offenders of this kind, by an Ordinance bearing Date Sept. 20. 1649. the Preamble to which fets forth, that " Whereas divers fcandalous " and feditious. Pamphlets are daily printed, and dif- " perfed with officious Induftry by the malignant Par- " ty both at Home and Abroad, with a Defign to " fubvert the prefent Government, and to take off the " Affections of the People from it, it is therefore or- " dained, " fTpHAT the Author of every fedkipus Libel ox Ordinance " JL Pamphlet fhall be fined Ten Pounds, or fuf-^f^ " fer Forty Days Imprifonment. The Printer Five>™ " Pounds, and his Printing Prefs to be broken. TheSeobeJ* " Bookfeller Forty Shillings ; the Buyer Twenty Shil-p. 88." " lings, if he conceals it, and does not deliver it up to a Gap. 60, " Juftice of Peace. It is further ordained, That no News " Paper fhall be printed, or fold without Licence, under " the Hand of the Clerk of the Parliament, or the Secre- " tary of the Army, or fuch other Perfon as the Council . " of State fhall appoint. No Printing Preffes are to be " allowed but in London, and in the two Univerfities. Vol. IV. C " All 18 The HISTORY Vol.I V. Common-" All Printers are to enter into Bonds of three Hunj wealth. « ,jred Pounds, not to print any Pamphlet againft the" ^ry!^, " State without Licence, as aforefaid, Unlefs the Au- " thor's or Licenfer's Name, with the Place of his " Abode be prefixed. All Importers of feditious " Pamphlets are to forfeit Five Pounds for every fuch " Book or Pamphlet. No Books are to be landed in " any other Port but that of London, and to be viewed " by the Matter and Wardens of the Company of Sta- " tioners. This Act to continue in Force for two *' Years." Minifters But the Pulpit was no lefs dangerous than the Prefs ; forbid to thePrefbyterian Minifters in their publick Prayers and Toiitkh Serrtlons' efpecially on Faft Days, kept alive the Dif- contehts of the People. The Government therefore, by an Ordinance, abolifhed the Monthly Faft, which had (hbfifted for about feven Years, and had been in a Whitl. great Meafure a Faft for Strife and Debate -, but decla- p- 383. red at the fame Time, that they fhould appoint occafi- onal Fafts, from Time to Time, for* the Future, as the Providences of God fhould require. Rm*rh. In the Midft of all thefe Diforders there was a very great Appearance of Sobriety both in City and Coun try; the indefatigable Pains of the Prefbyterian Mini fters in catechizing, inftructing, and vifiting their Pa- rifhioners, can never be fufficiently commended. The whole -Nation was civilized, and confideraoly impro ved in found Knowledge, though Bifhop Kennet and Mr. Eachard are pleated to fay, That Hereftes and Blafiphemies againft Heaven were fiwell'd up to a moft life, prodigious Height. " I know (fays Mr. Baxter) you p. 86. " may meet with Men who will confidently affirm, " that in thefe Times all Religion was trodden under *' Foot, and that Herefy and Schifm were the only " Piety ; but I give Warning to all Ages, that they " take heed how they believe any, while they are " fpeaking for the Intereft of their Factions and Opi *' nions againft their real or fuppofed Adverfaries." 1 How- Chap.L of the Pvk'lTAUSi ig However, the Parliament did what they Could to fup- Com'mon- prefs and difcountenance all fuch Extravagancies; and wealth. even the Officers of the Army, having convicted one ,J^^ of their Quarter Mafiers of Blafphemy in a Council of ^*^ War, fentenced him to have his Tongue bored through with an hot Iron, his Sword broke over his Head* and to be cafliiered the Army. * But Bifhop Kemiet fays, Even the Turkifh Alcoran was coming in ; that it was tranjlated into Englifh^ and jaid to be licenjed by one of the Minifters of Lon don. Sad Times ! Was his Lordfhip then afraid that the Alcoran fhould prevail againft. the Bible ? Or, that the Doctrines of Chrift could not fupport them felves againft the extravagant Follies of an Impoftor ? But the Book did no harm^ though the Commons im mediately publifhed an Order for firppfeffing it ; and fince the Reftitutioh of Monarchy and the Church of England, we have lived to fee the Life of Mahomet and his Alcoran publifhed without Qffence; His Lordfhip ,adds, that the Papifts took Advan tage of the Liberty of the Times, who were nevermore numerous and bufiy ; which is not very probable^ be caufe the Parliament had banifhed all Papifts twenty Miles from the City of London, and excepted them Out of their Acts of Indulgence and Toleration ; the Spirit of the People againft Popery was kept up to the Height ; the Mob carried the Popes Effigies in Tri umph, and burnt it publickly on Queen Elizabeth's Birth Day 3 and the Minifters in their Pulpits pro-> nounced him Antichrift ; but fuch is the Partiality of tiiis Right Reverend Hiftorian ! The Beginning of this Year the Marquis of Mon- 1&S°- trofis was taken in the North of Scotland by Colonel Marquis of Straughan with a fmall Body of Troops, and hanged MontagHe at Edinburgh on a Gallows thirty Foot high ; his Bo-Burn dy was buried under the Gallows,- and his Quarters fet Hift.' upon the Gates of the principal Towns in Scotland ; p. 36, 5*.' but his Behaviour was great and firm to the laft. The Marquis appeared openly for the King in the Year G 2 1643. Io 'The HI STORY V6l.lV. Common- 164.3'. and having routed a fmall Party of Covenanters wealth. jn pn.ticjioire got a great deal of Reputation; but his •little Succeffes were very mifchievous to the King's A ffairs, being always magnified beyond what they really were : His Vanity was the Occafion of breaking off the Trea ty of Uxbridge, and his Fears left King Charles II. fhould agree with the Scots, and recall his Commiffion before he had done any Thing, now hurried him upon his own Ruin. Conditions The young King being in Treaty with the Scots eftheScott Covenanters at Breda was forced to flifle his Refent- ™iththe ments for the Death of the Marquis, and fubmit to the King. following hard Conditions. (1.) " That all Perfons excommunicated by the " Kirk fhould be forbid the Court. (2.) " That the King by his folemn Oath, and un- " der his Hand and Seal, declare his Allowance of • " ' the Covenant. (3.) " That he confirm thofe Acts of Parliament " which enjoin the Covenant. That he eftablifh the " Prefbyterian Worfhip and Difcipline, and fwear " never to oppofe, or endeavour to alter them. (4.) " That all Civil Matters be determined by Par- " hament ; and all Ecclefiaftical Affairs by the Kirk. (5.) " That his Majefty ratify all that has been " done in the Parliament of Scotland in fome late Sef- " fions, and fign the Covenant upon his Arrival in ' " that Kingdom, if the Kirk defired it." He arrives The King arrived, June 23. but before he landed in Scot- the-Commiffioners infifted on his Signing the Covenant, and upon parting with all his old Counfellors, which he did, and was then conducted by the Way of Aber deen and St. Andrews to his Houfe at Falkland. July 11. his Majefty was proclaimed at the Crofs at Edin burgh, but the Ceremony of his Coronation was de- Cromwel ferr'd to the Beginning of next Year. In the mean. marches Time the Englifto Commonwealth was providing for a fco^'-^V/ar which they faw was unavoidable, and General Fairfax refufing to act againft the Scots, his Commiffi on Chap.T. 0/ /A? Puritan s. 2t on was immediately given to Cromwel, with the Title Common- of Captain General in chief of all the Forces raifed, weaIth- and to be raifed by Authority of Parliament within the ^j Commonwealth of England. Three Days after (viz.) ^^ June 29. he marched with eleven Thoufand Foot, and five Thoufand Horfe, towards the Borders of Scotland, being refolved not to wait for the Scots invading Eng land, but to carry the War into their Country. The Scots complained to the Englijh Parliament of this Con duct, as a Breach of the Act of Pacification, and of the Covenant ; but were anfwer'd, that they had already broken the Peace by their Treaty with Charles Stuart, whom they had not only received as their King, but promifed to ajfift in recovering the Crown of England. Their receiving the King was certainly their Right as an independent Nation ; but whether their promifing to affift him in recovering the Crown of England, was not declaring War, muft be left with the Reader. July 2 2 . the General croffed the Tweed, and march ed his Army almoft as far as Edinburgh without much Oppofition, the Country being deferted by Reafon of the Terror of the Name of Cromwel, and the Reports that were fpread of . his Cruelty in Ireland. Not. a Scots, Man appeared under fixty, nor a Youth above fix Years old, to interrupt his March. All Provifions were deftroyed, or removed, to prevent the Sub- fiftence of the Army, which was (applied from Time to Time by Sea ; but the General having made Pro-r clamatiqn, that no Man fhould be injured in his Per-. fon or Goods who was not found in Arms, the People took heart and returned to their Dwellings. The Scots Army, under the Command of General Battle of Lefley, flood on the Der~enfive, and watched the Mo-:P.™ba.r- tions of the Englifo all the Month of Auguft ; the main Cromwel-, Body being intrenched within fix Miles of Edinburgh, Burnet, to the Number of thirty Thoufand of the beft Men p. 178, that ever Scotland faw ; General Cromwel did every Thing he could to draw them to a Battle, till by the Fall of Rain, and bad Weather, he was obliged to C 3 retrea»; 22 The. HISTORY Vol.1 V. •Common- retreat to Muffettorough, and from thence to Dunbar, wealth. ^^ he wag recjUCed to the utmoft Streights, having ,^Y^ no way left but to conquer or die. In this Extremity he fummcned the Officers to Prayer ; after which he bid all about him take heart, for God had heard them ; tfien walking in the Earl of Roxboroughh Gardens, that lay under the Hill upon which the Scots Army was encamped, and difcovering by Profpective Glaffes that they were coming down to attack him, he faid, God was delivering them into his Hands. That Night proving very rainy, the General refrefhed his Men in the Town, and ordered them to take particular Care pf theif Firelocks, which the Scots neglected, who Were all the Night coming down the Hill. Early next Morning, September 3. the General with a ftrong Party of Hoffe beat their Guards 'and then advancing with his whole Army, after about an Hour^s difpute, enter'd their Camp and carried all before him ; about four Thoufand Scots fell in battle, ten Thoufand were taken Prifoners, with fifteen Hundred Arms, and all their Artillery and Ammunition ; the Lofs of the Englijh amounting to no more than about three Hun dred Men. 'Tis an odd Reflection Lord Clarendon makes upon ypl. VI, this Victory : " Never was Victory obtained (fays his P- 377-' « Lordfhip) with lefs Lamentation ; for as Cromwel had " great Argument of Triumph, fo the King was glad, " of it, as the greateft Happinefs that could befal " him, in the Lofs of fo ftrong a Body of his Ene- ?' mies." Such was the Encouragement the Scots had to fight for their King ! Scots Mi- Immediately after the Battle the General took Pof- nifters in- feflj0n Df Edinburgh, which was in a Manner deferted "turn*^* "by tne Clergy, fome having fhut themfelves up in the their Caftle, and others fled with their Effects to Sterling ; tbunhes, the General, to deliver them from their Fright, fent a Trumpet to the Caftle, to affure the. Governor, that the Minifters might return to their Churches, and preach, without any Difturbance from him, for he had no1 Chap. I. of the Pv ri tans. 23 no Quarrel with the Scots Nation on the Score of Re- Common- ligion. But the Minifters replied, That having no Se- wealch- curity for their Perfons they thought it their % Duty to J££^ referve themfelves for better Times. Upon which "" the General writ to the Governor ; ' r I 'HAT his Kindnefs offered to the Minifters inCrom- ' X the Caftle was without any fraudulent Referve ; wd'' Let- ' that if their Mailer's Service was their principal *!f t0 th° ' Concern they would not be fo exceffively afraid ofc™tf{** ' fuffering for it. That thofe Divines had mifreport- Lire ' ed the Conduct of his Party, when they charged Cromw«l, *< them with perfecuting the Minifters of Chrift inp- 18?, England ; for the Minifters in England (jays he) are jupported, and have liberty to preach the Gofipel, though not to rail at their Superiors at Dificretion -% nor under a pretended Privilege of Char abler to over top the Civil Powers, or debafie them as they pleafie ¦ — No Man has been disturbed in England or Ireland for preaching the Gofpel ; nor has any Minifter been molefted in Scotland fince the coming of the Army hither Speaking Truth becomes the Minifters of Chrift, but when Minifters pretend to a glorious Reformation, and lay the Foundation thereof in getting to themfelves Power, andean make worldly Mixtures to accomplifh the fame, fuch as the late Agreement with their King ; they may know that the Sion promifed is not to be built with fuch untempered Mortar. And for the unjuft Invafion they [the Minifters] mention, Time was when an Army out of Scotland came into. England, not called by the Supreme Authority — . We have faid in our Papers, with what Hearts, and upon what Acc°unt we came, and the Lord has heard us, though you would not, upon as folemn an Appeal as any Experience can parallel - — \ have nothing to fay to you, but that I am, Sir, Tour humble Servant, Q. Cromwel. C 4 T¥ The HISTORY Vol.IV. The Scots- Minifters, in their Reply to this Letter, objected to the General, his opening the Pulpit Doors to all Intruders,- by which Means a Flood of Errors was Minifters broke in upon the. Nation.. "To which the General re- Reply. plied, " We look on Minifters as Helpers of, not Crom- " Lords over the Faith of God's People : I appeal to welV An- " their Confciences, Whether any denying of their /Wr. « Doctrines, or diffenting from them, will not incur Whitl. a the Cenfure of a Sectary, and what is this but P—iS'^ ec to deny Chriftians their Liberty, and affume the EcdHift. " infallible Chair ? Where do you find in Scripture p.--863- " that Preaching is included within your Function ? " Though an Approbation from Men has Order in it, " and may be well, yet he that hath not a better than " that, hath none at all. " I hope he that afcended up on High may give " his Gifts to whom he pleafes ; and if thofe Gifts be " the Seal of Million, are not you envious, though " Eldad and Medad prophefy ? You know who has " bid us covet earneftly the beft Gifts, but chiefly, " that we may Prophefy ; which the Apoftle explains " to be a fpeaking to Inftruction, Edification and ** Comfort, which the inftructed, edified, and com- e£ forted, can beft tell the Energy and Effect of. " Now, if this be Evidence, take heed you envy " not for your own fakes, left you be guilty of a ^ greater Fault than Mofies reproved in Jofihua, when " he envied for his fake. Indeed you err through " miftake of the Scriptures. Approbation is an Act " of Convenience in refpect of Order, not of Neceffi- " ty, to give Faculty to preach the Gofpel. " Your pretended Fear, left Error fhould ftep in, " is like the Man, that would keep all the Wine out " of the Country left Men fhould be drunk. It will " be found an unjuft and unwife Jealoufy, to deny a V- Man the Liberty he hath by Nature, upon a Suppo- " fition he may abufe it. When he doth abufeit, then ¦« judge," The Cnap.I. of the Pu r. i tan s. 2£ The Governor complained to the General, that the Common-' Parliament at Weftminfter had fiallen firom their Prin- wealth. ciples, not being true to the Ends of the Covenant. Jf^- And then adds with the Minifters, That Men oj jecu-Q^^t lar Employments had ufurped the Office of the Minifiry, Complaint. to the Scandal of the Reformed Churches. In Anfwer to the firft Part of this Expoftulation, Ge- Cromw. neral Cromwel defired to know, Whether their bear- Reply. ing Wimefs to themfelves was a good Evidence ofCollier> their having profecuted the Ends of the Covenant ? p' 4- " To infer this (fays he) is to have too favourable an " Opinion of your own Judgment and Impartiality. " Your Doctrines and Practice ought to be tried by " the Word of God, and other People muft have a " Liberty of examining them upon thefe Heads, and " of^giving Sentence." As to the Charge of indulging the Ufe of the Pulpit to the Laity, the General admits it, and adds, " Are ye troubled that Chrift is preached ? Does it fcanda- lize the Reformed Churches, and Scotland in parti cular ? Is it againft the Covenant ? Away with the Covenant if it be fo. I thought the Covenant and thefe Men would have been willing, that any fhould fpeak good of the Name of Chrift ; if not, 'tis no Covenant of God's approving ; nor the Kirk you «' mention fo mych the Spoufe of Chrift." The General, in one of his Letters, lays confider- able Strefs upon the Succefs of their Arms, after a moft folemn Appeal to God on both fides. To which the Scots Governor replied, We have not fo learn' d Chrift, as to hang the Equity of a Caufe upon Events. To which Cromwel anfwers, " We could wifh that Blind- " nefs had not been upon your Eyes to thofe marvel- " lous Difpenfations which God has lately wrought in *' England. But did not you folemnly appeal and <' pray ? Did not we do fo too ? And ought not we 5' and you to think with Fear and Trembling on the " Hand of the great God in this- mighty and ftrange li Appearance of his, "and not (lightly call it an " Event ? 26 The HISTORY Vol.IV Common- « Event ? Were not your Expectations -and ours re wealth. « newed ' from Time to Time, whilft we waited oi y^A^ " God to fee how he would manifeft himfelf upon ou " Appeals ? And fhall we after all thefe our Prayers *' Faftings, Tears, Expectations, and folemn Ap " peals, call thefe bare Events ? The Lord pitj " you " Remarks. From this Correfpondence the Reader may form ; Judgment of the governing Principles of the Scots anc Englifo at this Time ; the former were fo inviolabli attach'd to their Covenant, that they would depar from nothing that was inconfiftent with it. The Eng lijh, after feeking God in Prayer, judged of the Good nefs of their Caufe by the Appearance of Provideno in its favour ; moft of the Officers and Soldiers wen Men of ftri.ct Devotion, but went upon this miftaker Principle, that God would never appear for a bad Caufi after a folemn Appeal to Heaven in the Affair. How ever, the Scots loft their Courage, and furrendertt thi impregnable Caftle of Edinburgh into the Hands of th< Conqueror December 24. the Garrifon having libert] to march out with their Baggage to Burnt Ijland it Fife ; and foon after the whole Kingdom was fub dued. froceed- The Provincial Affembly of London met this Yeai fS? a~ as ufual, in the Months of May ancj November, bu SvXftri- did nothing remarkable ; the Parliament waited to re- em in concile them to the Engagement, and prolonged th< England. Time limited for taking it, but when they continuec inflexible, and inftead of fubmitting to the prefen Powers were plotting with the Scots, it was refolved tx clip their Wings, and make fome Examples, as ; Terror to the reft. June 2 1 . the Committee for regu lating the Univerfities was ordered to tender the Engage ment to all fuch Officers, Mafters, and Fellows, as hac neglected to take it, and upon their Refufd to difplaa them. Accordingly, in the Univerfity of Cambridge Mr. Vines, Dr. Rainbow, and fome others, were dif placed, and fucceeded by Mr. Sydracb Sympfon, Mr Chap.I, of the Pu ei tan s. 2:7 Jo, Sadler, and Mr. Dell. In the Univerfity of Ox- Common- fiord, Dr. Reynolds, the Vice-chancellor, refufed the wealth- Engagement, but after fome Time offer'd to take it, \jf&!^j in hopes of faving his Deanery of Chrifi Church ; but ^*^ the Parliament refenting the Example, took Advan tage of his Forfeiture, and gave the Deanery to Dr. John Owen, an Independent Divine, who took Pof feffion of it March 18, 1 650- 1 . Upon the Refignation of the Vice-Chancellor, Dr. °- Crom' Dan. Greenwood, Principal of Brazen Nofie College, c}'fn . and a Prefbyterian Divine, was appointed his Succef- Oxford. for, Oclob. 12. and on the 15th of January following Wood'* Oliver Cromwel, now in Scotland, was chofen Fafti, unanimoufly, in full Convocation, Chancellor of theV-9z- Univerfity, in the Room of the Earl of Pembroke, late7 Iy deceafed, When the Doctors and Mafters who were fent to Edinburgh, acquainted him with the Choice, he writ a Letter to the Univerfity, in which, after a mpdeft Refufkl of their Favour, he adds, " If thefe • " Arguments prevail not, and that I .muft continue " {his Honour till I can perfonally ferve you, you " fhall not want my Prayers, that Piety and Learn- " ing may flourifh among you, and be render'd ufe- 5' ful and fubfervient to that great and glorious King- " dom of our Lord Jefus Chrift ; of the Approach of " which, fo plentiful an Effufion of the Holy Spirit " upon thofe hopeful Plants among you is one of the *' beft Prefages " When the Generals Letter was read in Convocation the Houfe refounded with chear- ful Acclamations. Dr. Greenwood ' continued Vice- Chancellor two Years, but was then difplaced for his Difaffedtion to the Government, and the Honour con- ferr'd on Dr. Owen. Thus, by degrees, the Prefby terians loft their Influence in the Univerfities, and de livered them up into the Hands of the Indepen- dants. To ftrengthen the Hands of the Government yet Penal further, the Parliament, by an Ordinance bearing Laws ta- Date Sept'. 20. took away all the Penal Statutes for^obeT'5'' Reli-p! 131', 28 The HISTORY VolJV- , Common- Religion. The Preamble fets forth, " That divers wealth, tt religious and peaceable People, well affected to the yJ-^J, " Commonwealth, having not only been molefted " and imprifoned, but brought into danger of abju- " ring their Country, or in cafe of Return to fuffer i(: Death as Felons, 'by fundry Acts made in the Times " of former Kings and Queens of this Nation, againft " Recufants not coming to Church, &c. they there-! " fore enact and ordain, «' rip HAT all the Claufes, Articles, and Provifo's, " j intheenfuingActsofParliament^z'z.) iHEliz. " 2 3d Eliz. 3 5th Eliz. and alLand every Branch, Claufe, ** Article or Provifo, in any other Act, or Ordinance of " Parliament, whereby any Penalty or Punifhment is " impofed, or meant to be impofed on any Perfon " whatfoever, for not repairing to their refpective Pa- " rifh Churches ; or for not keeping of Holy Days ; " or for not hearing Common-Prayer, &c. fhall be, "¦ and are hereby wholly repealed and made void. " And to the End that no prophane or licentious " Perfons may take Occafion, by the Repeal of the " faid Laws, to neglect the Performance of religious " Duties, it is further ordsined, That all Perfons not " having a reafonable Excufe, fhall on every Lord's " Day, and Day of publick Thankfgiving or Humi- " liation, refort to fome Place of publick Worfhip ; " or be prefent at fome other Place, in the Practice " of fome religious Duty, either of Prayer or Preach-? (C ing, reading or expounding the Scriptures — -." By this Law the Doors were fet open, and the State was at liberty to employ all fuch in their Service as would take the Oaths to the Civil Government, witlv- out any regard to their Religious Principles. Ordinan- Sundry fevere Ordinances were made for fupprefiing ^^^ of Vice, Error, and all Sorts of Prophanenefs and Im- P^W- piety. May 10. it was ordained, « That Inceft and se/i. " Adultery fhould be made Felony ; and that Forni- " cation, Chap.L of the Pvri tans. 29 "' cation mould be punifhed with three Months Im-Common- " prifonment for the firft Offence ; and that the fe- we^]til- " cond Offence fhould be Felony without Benefit of >J»^>/ " Clergy. Common Bawds, or Perfons who keepscobel, *' lewd Houfes, are to be fet in the Pillory ; to be p. 121. ** whip'd, and marked in the Forehead with the Let- " ter B, and then committed to the Houfe of Cor- " rection for three Years for the firft Offence ; ahd " for the fecond to fuffer Death, provided the Profe- " cution be within twelve Months." June 28. it was ordained, " That every NoblemanScoM, " who (hall be convicted of prophane Curfing andp- 123- " Swearing, by the Oath of one or more Witneffes, " or by his own Confeffion, fhall pay for the firft Of- " fence thirty Shillings to the Poor of the Parifh ; a " Baronet, or Knight, twenty Shillings ; an Efiquire " ten Shillings ; a Gentleman fix Shillings and eight " Pence ; and all inferior Perfons three Shillings and " four Pence. For the fecond Offence they are to " pay double, according to their Qualities abovemen- " tioned. And for the Tenth Offence they are to be " judged Common Swearers and Curfers, and to be " bound over to their good Behaviour for three Years. *' The like Punifhment for Women, whofe Fines are " to be determined according to their own or their " Hufband's Quality." Auguft a. an Ordinance was paffed, for punifoingdgainft ¦ blajphemous and execrable Opinions. The Preamble -^f" . takes Notice, that " though feveral Laws had been™°^_ ^ " made for promoting Reformation in Doctrines andscobel, " Manners, yet there were divers Men and Women p. 1 24. " who had lately1 difcovered monftrous Opinions, even " fuch as tended to the Diffolution of human Society ; " the Parliament therefore, according to their Decla- " ration of Sept. 27. 1649. in which they faid, They " fhould be ready to teftify their Difipleafiure againft " juch Offenders, by Jlritl and effeclual Proceedings " againft them who fhould abufie and turn into Licen- " tioujnefis, 30 if^ HISTORY VgI.IV. Common- « tioufinefis, the Liberty given in Matters of Religion, wealth. « (Jq therefore ordain and enact, 1650. U *nPHAT any Perfons not difternper'd* in their " J[ Brains; Who fhall maintain any meer Creature " to be God, or to be Infinite^ Alniighty-, Sec. Or^ " that foall deny the Holinefis ofi God ; or, jhall main- " tain, that all Atls ofi Wickednefis and Unrighteou.fi- " nefis are not forbidden in Holy Scripture ; or, that " God approves of them. Any one who jhall main- " tain, that Atls of Drunkennefis, Adultery, Swear- " ing, &c. are not in themjelves jhamefiul, wicked, " finfiul, and impious ; or$ that there is not any real " Difference between Moral Good and Evil, &c. all " fuch Perfons fhall fuffer fix Months Imprifonment for " the firft Offence ; and for the fecond fhall be banifh- " ed ; and if they return without Licence fhall be " treated as Felons." porftrin- Though feveral Ordinances had been made hereto-! er obfir- fore for the ftr,^ Obfervation of the Lord's Day, the "the'sab- Pre&nt Houfe of Commons thought fit to enforce them hatb. by another, dated April 19. 1650. in which they or- Scobel. dain, " That all Goods cried, or put to Sale on the p. 119. " Lord's Day, or other Days of Humiliation and " Thankfgiving appointed by Authority, fhall b& " feized. No Wagoner or Drover fhall travel on *' the Lord's Day on Penalty of ten Shillings for evp- " ry Offence. No Perfons fhall travel in Boats, Hor- " fes or Coaches, except to Church, on Penalty of " ten Shillings. The like Penalty for being in a Ta- " vern. And where Diftrefs is not to be made, the " Offender is to be put into the Stocks fix Hours. " All Peace Officers are required to make diligent " Search for difcovering Offenders ; and in cafe of " Neglect, the Juftice of Peace is fined five Pounds* " and every Conftable twenty Shillings." Such was the Severity of thefe Times ! The Chap.I. of the )?VRi tans. 31 The Parliament having ordered the Sale of Bifhops Common- Lands, and the Lands of Deans and Chapters, and w^-lth- vefted the Money in the Hands of Truftees, as has ^JL^_/ been related, appointed this Year, April 5. part of the For Main- Money to be appropriated for the Support and Main- tenance of tenance of fuch late Bifhops, Deans, Prebendaries,-/2"^ Cler~ Singing Men, Chorifters, and other Members, Offi-^^f cers, and Perfons deftitute of Maintenance, whofe re- Cathe- fpective Offices, Places, and Livelihoods, were taken drals, away, and abolifhed, diftributing and proportioning™"^ °f- the fame according to their Neceffities. How well thvfT j^ff , _ b . . , . abolifhed. Was executed I cannot determine ; but it was a generous Scot)e] Act of Compaffion, and more than the Church of Eng-j,. 1 1 [. land Would do for the Nonconformifts at the Reftoration. A Motion being made in the Houfe about tranflating Laws to all Law Books into the Englifo Language, Mr. Whit-bejra"Jla- lock made a learned Speech on the Argument, where- EnJ"^ in he obferves, that " Mofies read the Law to the Jews whitl. " in the Hebrew Language ; that the Laws of all the p. 4.60. " Eaftern Nations were in their Mother Tongue ; the " Laws of Conft ant inople were in Greek ; at Rome they " were in Latin ; in France, Spain, Germany, Swe- " den, Denmark, and other Places, their Laws are " publifhed in their native Language. As for our " own Country (fays he) thofe who can read the Saxon *' Character may find the Laws of our Anceftors in *' that Language. Purfuant to this Regulation, Wil- " Ham Duke of Normandy, commonly called the *' Conqueror, commanded the Laws to be publifhed " in Englifo, that none might pretend Ignorance. He " obferves further, that by 36 Eliz. cap. 3. it was " ordered, that all Pleadings fhould be in Englifo ; " and even in the Reigns of thofe Princes, wherein our " Statutes were enroll'd in French, the Sheriffs were " obliged to proclaim them in Englifo, becaufe the " People were deeply concerned to know the Laws of " their Country, and not to be kept in Ignorance of «' the Rule by which their Interefts and Duty were " directed." The The HISTORY Vol. IV. The Arguments in this Speech were fo forcible, that the Houfe agreed unanimoufly to a Bill, wherein they ordain, " That all Books of Law be tranflated into " Englifo ; and all Proceedings in any Court of Juftice, "except the Court of Admiralty, after Eafter Term, " 1 65 1. fhall be in Englifo only ; and all Writs, &c. " fhall be in a legible Hand, and not in Court-Hand j " on Forfeiture of twenty Pounds for the firft Offence, *' half to the Commonwealth, and the other half to them " that will fue for the fame." And though this Regula tion ceafed at the Reftoration, as all other Ordinances did that were made in thefe Times, the late Parlia ment has thought fit to revive it. Rife of the From this Time we may date the Rife of the People Quakers. caned Quakers, in whom moft of the Enthufiafts of -O/George thefe Times center'd : Their firft Leader was George Fox, born at Drayton in Lancafoire, 1624. his Fa ther being a poor Weaver put him Apprentice to a Country Shoemaker, but having a peculiar Turn of Mind for Religion, he went away from his Matter, and wander'd up and down the Countries like an Her mit, in a Leathern Doublet ; at length his Friends hearing he was at London, perfuaded him to return home, and fettle in fome regular Courfe of Employ ment ; but after he had been fome Months in the Coun try he went from his Friends a fecond Time, in the Year 1 646. and threw off all further Attendance on the publick Service in the Churches : The Reafons he gave for his Conduct were, becaufe it was revealed to him, That a learned Education at the Univerfity was no Qualification for a Minifter, but that all depended on the Anointing of the Spirit ; and, that God who made the World did not dwell in Temples made with Hands. In the Year 1647. he travelled into Darbyfoire and Nottinghamshire, walking through divers Towns and Villages, which Way foever his Mind turned, in a Sewel'* folitary Manner. He fafted much (fays my Author) Uift- and walked often Abroad in retired Places, with no other Companion but his Bible. He would fometimes fet Chap.I. of the Puritans! 33 fet in an hollow Tree all Day, and frequently walk Common- about the Fields in the Night, like a Man poffeffed weakh- with deep Melancholy ; which the Writer of his Life ^ff^^j calls the Time of the firft Working of the Lord upon him. Towards tJH latter End of this Year, he began, firft to fet up for a Teacher of others, about Duckinfield and Manchefter ; the principal Argument of his Difcourle being, That People foould receive the inward Divine Teachings of the Lord, and take that for their Rule. In the Year 1648. there being a Diffolution of all Government both Civil and Ecclefiaftical, George Fox waxed bold, and travell'd through the Counties of Leicefierfoire , Northamptonfoire, and Derby/hire, fpeaking to the People in Market Places, &c. about the inward Light of Chrifi within them. At this Time (fays my Author) he apprehended the Lord^'ft- , had forbid him to put off his Hat to any one, high orp fg6"* low ; he was required alfo, to (peak to the People ' without Diftinction in the Language of Thou and Thee. He was not to bid People good Morrow, or good Night ; neither might he bend his Knee to the chief Magiftrate in the Nation ; the Women that fol lowed him would not make a Courtefy to their Supe riors, nor comply with the common Forms of Speech. Both Men and Women affected a plain and fimple Drefs, diftinct from the Fafhion of the Times. They neither gave nor accepted any Titles of Refpect or Honour, nor would they call any Man Matter on Earth. They refufed to take an Oath on the moft fo lemn Occafion. Thefe, and the like Peculiarities, he fupported by fuch Paffages of Scripture as thefe, Sweat- not at all. How can ye believe who receive Honour one of another, and fieek not the Honour which comes firom God only ? But thefe Marks of Diftinction which George Fox and his Followers were fo tenacious of, un happily brought them into a great deal of Trouble, when they were called to appear before the Civil Ma giftrate. Vol. IV D la 34 The HISTORY Vol.1 Y. Common- In the Year 1649. he grew more troublefome, and wealth. hegan tQ interrUpt the publick Minifters in Time of yj^^j Divine Service : His 'firft Effay of this Kind was at Mis Suf Nottingham, where the Minifter preaching from thofe ferings. Words of St. Peter, We have a more fkre Word of Prophecy, &c. told the People, that they were to try all Doctrines, Opinions, and Religions, by the Holy Scriptures. Upon which George Fox ftood up in the Midft of the Congregation and faid, Oh no ! 'tis not the Scripture, but 'tis the Holy Spirit, by which Opi nions, and Religions, are to be tried ; for it was the Spirit that lead People into all Truth, and gave them the Knowledge of it. And continuing his Speech to the Difturbance of the Congregation, the Officers were obliged to turn him out of the Church, and carry him to the Sheriff's Houfe ; next Day he was committed to the Caftle, but v/as quickly releafed without any other Punifhment. After this he difturbed the Minifter of Mansfield in Time of Divine Service, for which he was fet in the Stocks, and turned out of the Town. The like Treatment he met with at Market Bofiworth, and feveral other Towns. At length the Magiftrates of Derby confined him fix Mondis in Prifon, for uttering divers blafphemous Opinions, purfuant to a late Act Heisjoindof Parliament for that purpofe. By this Time there by others, began to appear fome other Vifionaries, of the fame Make and Complexion with George Fox, who (poke in Places of publick Refort ; being moved (as they faid) by the Holy Ghoft ; and even fome Women, contrary to the Modefty of their Sex, went about Streets, and enter'd into Churches, crying down the Teachings of Men, and exhorting People to attend to the Light within themfelves. They are It was in the Year 1 650. that diefe wandring Lights >/i j-^ firft received the Denomination of Quakers, upon Qua^eis. this Occafion, their fpeaking to the People was ufually attended with convulfive Agitations, and fhakings of the Body. All their Speakers had thefe Tremblings, •which they gloried in, aflerting it to be the Character ' of Chap.I. of the Puritans. 35 of a good Man to tremble before God. When George Common- Fox appeared before Gervas Bennet, Efq; one of the Juftices of Derby, Oclob. 30. 1650. he had one of his , Agitations, or fits of Trembling upon him, and with a loud Voice, and vehement Emotion of Body, bid the Juftice, and thofe about him, tremble at the Word of the Lord; whereupon die Jijftioe gave him, and his Friends, the Name of Quake rs, which being agree able to their common Behaviour, quickly became the diftinguifhing Character of this People. At length they difturbed the publick Worfhip by Their Be- appearing in ridiculous Habits, with emblematical ovbaviour. typical Reprefentations of fome impending Calamity ; they alfo took the Liberty of giving the Minifters the reproachful Names of Hirelings, Deceivers ofi the People, fialfie Prophets, &c. Some of them went through divers Towns and Villages naked, denouncing Judgments and Calamities upon the Nation. Some haye famifhed and deftroyed themfelves by deep Me lancholy ; and others have, undertaken to raife their Friends from the Dead. Mr. Baxter fays, many Baxter, Francifican Friars, and other Papifts, have been dif-P- 77- guifed Speakers in their Affemblies ; but little Credit is to be given to fuch Reports. It can't be expected that fuch an unfettled People fhould have an uniform Syftem of rational Principles. Their firft and chief Defign, if they had any, was to reduce all revealed Religion to Allegory ; and becaufe fome had laid too great ftrefs upon Rites and Ceremo nies, thefe would have neither Order nor Decency, nor ftated Times of Worfhip, but all muft gxife from the inward Impulfe of their Spirits. Agreeable to this Rule they declared, againft all Sorts of Clergy, or fetr led Minifters ; againft People's affembling in Steeple Houfies ; againft fixed Times of publick Devotion, and confequently againft the Obfervation of the Sab bath. Their own Meetings were occafional, and when they met, one or another fpake as they were moved firom within, and fometimes they departed D 2 with? 36 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Common- without any one's being moved to fpeak at .wealth. aU_ {Jry^, The Doctrines they delivered were as various and Their Do- uncertain as the Principle from which they acted, eirines. They denied the Holy Scriptures to be the only Rule of their Faith, calling it a dead Letter, and main^ tained, that every Man had a Light within himfelf, which was a fufficient Rule. They denied the received Doctrine of the Trinity and Incarnation. They dif- owned the Sacraments of Baptifm and the Lord's Sup per ; nay, fome of them proceeded fo far, as to deny a Chrift without them ; or at leaft, to place more of their Dependance upon a Chrift within. They fpake Baxter, little or nothing (fays Mr. Baxter) about the Depravi- P- 77- ty of Namre ; about the Covenant of Grace ; about Pardon of Sin and Reconciliation with God ; or about Moral Duties ; but the Difturbance they gave to the publick Religion for a Courfe of many Years, was fo infufferable, that the Magiftrates could not avoid pu- nifhing them as Difturbers of the Peace ; though of late Years they are become a more fober and inoffenfive People ; and by the Wifdom of their Managers have form'd themfelves into a Sort of Body politick. CHAR Chap.II. of the Puritan si " 37 CHAP. II. From the Coronation of King Charles II. iti Scotland, to the ' ProteSlorJhip of Oliver Cromwell. THE Coronation of King Charles by the Scots, Common^ which had been deferr'd hitherto, being now Wf^lth- thought neceffary to give Life to .their Caufe, was per- \^~^ij formed at Scone on New-Tears-Day, with as much Coronati- Magftificence as .their Circumftances would admit ; on of King when his Majefty took the following Oath: " I^^g3 . " Charles, King of Great Britain, France and Ire- q[^ tc land, do affure and declare by my folemn Oath, in j-fcfl.. " the Prefence of Almighty God, the Searcher of all Stuarts, " Hearts, my Allowance and Approbation of the Na- P- 391 - " tional Covenant, and of the folemn League and Co--^" Oath, " venant ; and faithfully oblige my felf to profecute " the Ends thereof in my Station and Calling ; and " that I my Self, and Succeffors,. fhall confent and " agree to all the Acts of Parliament enjoining the *' National Covenant, and the folemn, League and " Covenant, and fully eftablifh Prefbyterian Govern- " ment, the Directory of Worfhip, Confeffion- of " Faith, and Catechifms, in the Kingdom of Scotland, *' as they are approved by the General Affembly of " this Kirk, and Parliament of this Kingdom ; and " that I will give my Royal Affent to all ,A#S of " Parliament paffed, or to beparjed, enjoining the *' fame in my other Dominions ; and that I fhall ob- " ferve thefe in my own Practi§s and Family, and " (hall never make Oppofition to any of thefe, or en- " deavour any Change thereof." This Oath was,an-g^J nexed to the Covenant it felf, drawn up in a fair ~RfA\ and »Bei of Parchment, and fubfcribed by him in Prefence ofclaration. the Nobility and Gentry. Hill. His Majefty alfo figned a Declaration, in which heStuaJjts> acknowledged the Sin of his Father in.marrying into an bJ^' D 3 ido-p. 56,' 38 The HISf ORY Vol.IV Common- idolatrous Family ; .. that the Blood fhed in the lafc wealth. -y^ars ]ay at ^ pother's Door. He expreffed a deep ^-yi^ Senfe of his own ill Education, and of the Prejudices he had drunk in, againft' the Caufe of God, which he wis nOW very fenfible of. He confeffed all the for met Parts of his Life to have been a Courfe of Enmity tc the Work of God. He repented of his Commiffion tc Montrofis. He acknowledged his own Sins, and the Sins of his Father's Houfe, and fays, Ho will account them his Enemies who oppofe the Covenants, both which he' had taken Without any finifter Intention oi attaining "his own Ends. He declares his Deteftation and Ahhorrence of all Popery,' Superftition, Idolatry, and Prelacy, and refolves not to tolerate them in any Part of his Dominions. He acknowledges his great Sin in making Peace with the Irifo Rebels, and allow ing them the Liberty- of their Religion, which he makes void, fefblving for the future rather. to choofe Affliction than Sin ; and tho' he judges charitably of thofe" who have acted againft the Covenant, yet he pro- mifes not to employ them for the future till they have 'taken it. In the Conclufion his Majefty confeffes over again his own Guilt ; and tells the World, the State of the-Queftion was now altered, in as much as he had ob tained Mfercy to be on God's Side, and therefore hopes the Lord will be gracious, and countenance his own Caufe,1 fince he is determined to do nothing but with Advice of the Kirk. Remarks. Our Hiftorians, who complain of the Prevarication of Cromwel, would do well to find a Parallel to this in all Hiftory ; the King took the. Covenant three Times with this tre«aendous Oath, . By the Eternal and Almighty-' God, who liveth and reigneth for ever, 1 will obferve and keep all that is contained herein. p. 66. Mr. Baxter admits, that the Scots were in the Wrong in tempting the young King to fpeak and publifh that which they might eafily know was contrary to the Thoughts of his Heart"; but furely, his Majefty was no lefs to blame to trample upon the moft facred Bonds of Chap. II. of the Puritans. 39, of Refigjon and Society ; but he ftuck at nothing. He Common- complied with the Rigors of the Scots Difcipline and wealth. Worfhip : He fieard many Prayers and Sermons of ^JJ^j great length, x I . remember (fays Bifhop Burnet)^ j^' " in one Faft Day, there were fix Sermons preached " without Intermiffion. He was not allowed to wajk " Abroad on Sundays ; and if at any Time diere had " been any Gaiety at Court, as Dancing, or playing " at Cards, J^ was. feverely reproved for it, which " contributed not a little to beget in him an Aver-. " fion to all Strictnefs in Religion." And the Scots were fo jealous that all this, was; from Neceffity, that they would fuffer noqe of his old Friends to„come into. his Pretence- and Councils, nor fo much as to fervq in the Army. While the Scots were railing Forces for the King's frefbyteri- Service a private Correfpendence was carried on with*" F*°t. the Englijh Prefbyterians ; Letters were alfo writ, and Meffengers fent from London to the King and Queen Mother in France, to haften an Accommodation With the Scots, affuring them, that the Englifo Prefbyterians would then declare for him the firft Opportunity. Large Sums of Money were collected privately to for ward an Expedition into England ; but the Vigilance of the Commmonwealth difcovered and defeated their Defigns. The principal Gendemen and Minifters con cerned in the Correfpondence were fome difbanded Of ficers who had ferved the Parliament in the late Wars ; as Major Adams, Alfiord, and fjuntington; Colonel Vaugban, Titus, Sowtcn, Jackfion, Bains, Barton ; Captain Adams, Potter, Majfey, Starks, Farr ; an#, Mr. Gibbons. The Minifters were, Dr. Drake, Mr. CajS, Wat fion, Heyrick, Jenkins^. Jackfion, Jaquel, Robinfion, Cawton, Nalfion, Haviland, Blackmore, and Mr. Love. Thefe had their private Affemblies at Major Adams's, Colonel Barton's, and at Mr. Love's. Houfe, and held a Correfpondence with the King, who defired them to fend Commiffioners to Breda to mo derate the Scots Demands, which Service he would D 4. reward 4o -The HISTORY Vol.IV. Common- reward when God fhould reftore him to his King- wealth, doms. .jfp^ But fo numerous a Confederacy was -hardly to be concealed from the watchful Eyes of the new Govern ment, Who had their -Spies in all Places. Major Adams being apprehended on Sufpicion was the firft who dif covered the Confpiracy to the Council ofi State. By his Information Warrants were iffued out for apprehend ing moft of the Gentlemen and Minifiew above-men tioned -, but feveral abfconded, and withdrew from the Storm. ¦ The Minifters who were apprehended were Dr. Drake, Mr. Jenkins, Jackfion, Robinjon, Watjon, Blackmore, and Haviland, who after fome Time were releafed on their Petition for Mercy, and promifing Submiflion to the Government for the fu ture •, but Mr. Love and Gibbons were made Exam ples, as a Terror to others. Mr. Jenkins's Petition be ing exprefled in very ftroi^, Terms was ordered to be printed ; it was intitled, The humble Petition ofi Will. Jenkins-, Prifioner, -declaring his unfeigned Sorrow fir all his late Mifcarriages, and fromifing to be true and faithful to the prefent Government ; with three Que ries-, being the Ground ofi his late Petition, and Sub miflion to the prefent Powers. Mr. ^ The Reverend Mr. Love was brought before a new Loves s jLjjgh Court of Juftice erected for this purpofe, as was theCuftom of thefe Times for State Criminals ; when Mr. Attorney General Prideaux, June 20. exhibited againft him the following Charge of High Treafon, ''That at feveral Times, in the Years 1649, r^50> and '"1651. and in feveral Places, he, with the Perfons " above-mentioned, had malicioufly combined, and " contrived to raife Forces againft the prefent Go- " vernment That they had declared and publifh- " ed Charles Stuart, eldeft Son of the late King, to " be King of England, without Confent of Parlia- " ment — — That they had aided the Scots to invade " this Commonwealth That the faid Cbriftopher Love, at divers Times between the 29th of March, tc 1 1650. Chap.lL of the Puritans. 41 " 1650. and the firft of June, 165 1. at London andCommoa- " other Places, had traiteroufly and malicioufly main- wealth. " tained Correfpondence and Intelligence by Letters l*">1- " and Meffages with Charles Stuart, Son of the late S^V,J tfr King, and with the Queen his Mother, and with " fundry of his Council That he did likewife " hold Correfpondence with divers of the Scots Nation, " and had affifted them with Money, Arms, and " other Supplies in the prefent War, as well as Colo- " nel Titus, and others of the Englifo Nation, in " Confederacy with them, to the Hazard of the pub- " lick Peace, and in breach of the Laws of the " Land " To this Charge Mr. Love, after having demurred to the Jurifdiction of -the Court, pleaded Not Guilty. The Witneffes againft him were Eight of the above- mentioned Gentlemen. The Reverend Mr. Jackfion was fummoned, but re^id. to be fworn, or give Evidence, becaufe he looked on Mr. Love to be a good Man ; faying, he fhould have an Hell in his Cortfcience to his dying Day, if he fhould fpeak any Thing that fhould be circumftantially prejudicial to Mr. Love's Life. The Court put him in mind of his Obligation to the Publick, and that the very Safety of all Government depended upon it. But he refufed to be fworn, for which the Court fent him to the Fleet, and fined him five Hundred Pounds. But it appeared by the other Witneffes, that Mr.The Eia* Lovehud held a criminal Correfpondence both with**"' the King, and the Scots : With regard to the King it was fworn, That about a Month after his late Majefty's Death feveral of them met at a Tavern at Dowgate, and other Places, to concert Meafures to forward the King's Agreement with the Scots, for which Purpofe they applied by Letters to the Queen, and fent over Colonel Titus with one Hundred Pounds to defray his Expences. The Colonel having delivered his Meffage, fent back Letters by Colonel Alsfiord, which were read in Mr. Love's Houfe ; with the Copy of a Letter 42 The HISTORY yol.IV. Common- Letter from the King himfelf, Mr. Love being pre* wealth. fent> Upon thefe, and fuch like Facts, the Council \jr\n>** f°r tne Commonwealth infifted, that here was a cri- L minal Correfpondence to Reftore the King, contrary to the Ordinance of Jan. 30. 1648. which fays, " That " whofoever fhall proclaim, declare, publifh, or any " ways promote Charles Stuart, or any other Perfon *' to be King of England, without confent of Parlia- " ment, fhall be adjudged a Traytor, and fuffer the " Pains of Death as a Traytor." The other Branch of the Charge againft Mr. Love, 'was, his correfponding with the Scots, and affifting them in the War againft the Parliament. To fupport this, Captain Potter, Adams, and M,r. J aquel fwore, That Letters came from Scotland to. Colonel Bamfield with the Letter L upon them, giving a large Narrative of the Fight at Dunbar, and of the Scots Affairs for three Months after till Chriftmas. There came alfo Letters from the Earl of At gyle, Lothian, and Loudon, who propofed the Railing ten Thoufand Pounds to buy Arms, and to hire Shipping, in order to land five Thoufand Men in England. The Letters were read at Mr. Love's Houfe, but the Propofals were difliked : Only forty Pounds was raifed for the Expences of the Meffenger. At another Time a Letter was read from General Majfiey, in which he defires them to provide Arms, and mentions his own and Colonel Titus's Ne- ceffities ; upon which it was agreed to raife two or three hundred Pounds by way of Contribution, and every one prefent writ down what he would lend, among whom was Mr. Love, who not only contribu ted himfelf, but carried about the Paper to encourage others. This was conftrued by the Council for the Commonwealth fufficient to bring Mr. Love within the Ordinance of July 1. 1649. which fays, "That if any " fhall procure, invite, aid, or affift, any Foreigners " or Strangers to invade England or Ireland ; or fhall " adhere to any Forces raifed by the Enemies of the ^ Parliament, or Commonwealth, or Keepers of the " Liber- Ghap.II. cf/fe Puritans. 43 " Liberties of England, all fuch Perfons fhall beCommon- " deemed, and adjudged guilty of High Treafon." Mr. Love, in his Defence, behaved with a little too much Freedom and Boldnefs ; he fet too high a Value Mr. upon his facred Character, which the Court was incli-LoveV.De- ned to treat with Neglect. • He objected to the Wit-fe!ia- neffes, as being forced into the Service to fave their Lives. He obferves, That to feveral of the Facts there was but one Witnefs ;. and that fome of them had fworn falfly, or at leaft their Memories had fail'd them in fome Things, which might eafily happen at fo great a Diftance of Time. He called no Witneffes to confront the Evidence, but at the Clofe of his De fence confeffed ingenuoufly, that there had been feve ral Meetings of the above-named Perfons at his Houfe, and that a Commiffion was read, but that he diffented from it. He acknowledged further, That he was pre fent at the Reading of Letters, or of fome part of them, " but I was ignorant (fays he) of the Danger " that I now fee I am in. The Act of Aug. 2. 1650. " makes it Treafon to hold, any Correfpondence with " Scotland, or to fend Letters thither though but in a " Way of Commerce, the two Nations being at War ; " now here my Council acquaints me with my Dan- " ger, that I being prefent when Letters were read in " my Houfe am guilty of a Concealment, and there- " fore as to that, I humbly lay my felf at your Feet " and Mercy." And to move the Court to fhew Mercy to him, he endeavoured to fet out his own Character in the moft favourable Light, " I have been called a Malignant- " and Apofiate { fays he ) but God is my Witnefs, I " never carried on a malignant fntereft ; I ftill retain " my covenanting Principles, from which by. the "- Grace of God I will never depart ; neither am I an " Incendiary between the two Nations of England and " Scotland, but I am grieved for their Divifions ; and " if I had as much Blood in my Veins as there is Wa- " ter in the Sea, I could account it well (pent to " quench 44 the HISTORY Vol.IV. Common- " quench the Fire that our Sins have kindled between wraith. « therrK j have all along engaged my Life and Eftate y^r$r>s " m tne Parliament's Quarrel againft the Forces raifed ^r^ « Dv the late King, not from a Profpect of Advantage, " but from Confcience and Duty ; and I am fo far " from repenting, that were it to do again upon the " fame unqueftionable Authority, and for the fame " declared Ends, I fhould as readily engage in it as " ever ; though I wifh from my Soul, that the Ends " of that juft War had been better accomplifhed. " Nor have my Sufferings in this Caufe been incon- " fiderable; when I was a Scholar in Oxford, and " M. A. I was the firft who publickly refufed to fub- " fcribe the Canons impofed by the late Archbifhop, *' for Which I was expelled the Gonvocation-Houfe. " When I came firft to London, which was about " twelve Years ago, I was oppofed by the Bifhop of " London, and it was about three Years before I could " obtain fo much as a Lecture. In the Year 1640, or " 1 64 1. I was imprifon'd in Newcaftle for preaching " againft the Service Book, from whence I was remo- " ved hither by Habeas Corpus, and acquitted. In " the begining of the War between the late King and " Parliament I was accufed for preaching Treafon and *c Rebellion, merely becaufe I maintained in a.Ser- " mon at Tenter den in Kent, the Lawfulnefs of a de- " fenfive War. I was again complained of by the " Commiffioners at Uxbridge for preaching a Sermon, " which I hear is lately reprinted ; and if it be print- " ed according to the firft Copy I will own every " Line of it. After all this I have been three Times " in Trouble fince the late Change of Government. *' Once I was committed to Cuftody, and twice cited " before the Committee for plunder'd Minifters, but " for want of Proof was difcharged. And now laft " of all, this great Trial is come upon me ; I have " been kept feveral Weeks in clofe Prifon, and am " now arraigned for my Life, and like to1 fuffer from " the Hands of thofe for whom I have done and fuf- " fer'd Chap.Il. of the Puritans. 45 " fer'd fo much, and who have lift up their Hands Common* " with me in the fame Covenant ; and yet I am w*?lth- " not confcious of any perfonal Act proved againft ^J-^L^j " me, that brings me within any of your Laws as to' " Treafon. " Upon the whole, though I never writ nor " fent Letters into Scotland, yet, I confefs, their *' Proceedings with the King are agreeable to my " Judgment, and for the Good of the Nation ; and " though I difown the Commiffion and Inftructions " mentioned in the Indictment, yet I have defired an " Agreement between the King and the Scots, agree- '' ably to the Covenant ; for they having declared him " to be their King, I have defired and prayed as a " private Man, that they might accomplifh their *' Ends upon fiich Terms as were confiftent with the " Safety of Religion and the Covenant." He concludes with befeeching the Court, that he may not be put to Death for State Reafons. He owns he had been guilty of a Concealment, and begs the Mercy of the Court for it, promifing for the future to lead a quiet and peaceable Life. He puts them in mind, that when Abiathar the Pfieft had done an un-, juftifiable Action, King Solomon faid, he would not put nim to Death at that Time, becaufie he bore the Ark of the Lord God befiore~David his Father ; and becaufie he had been afftitled in all wherein his Father had been afflicled — ' Thus (fays he) I commit my felf and my All to God, and to your Judgments and Confciences, with the Words of Jeremiah to the Rulers of Ifirael, As for me, behold I am in your Hands, do with me as feemeth good and meet to you ; but knew ye fior certain, that if ye put me to Death ye jhall jurely bring innocent Blood up on your fielves. But I hope better Things of you, thV I thus fpeak. The Court allowed Mr. Love the Benefit of Council learned in the Law to argue fome Exceptions againft the Indictment ; but after all that Mr. Hales could fay for the Prifoner, the Court, after fix Days hearing, on 2 the 46 The HISTORY Vol.IV/ Common- the 5th of July, pronounced Sentence of Death againft wealth, him as a Traytor. yjZSl^j Great Interceffions were made for the Life of this' Reverend Perfon by the chief of the Prefbyterian Par ty in London ; his Wife prefented feveral moving Pe titions; and two were prefented from himfelf, in one of which he acknowledges the Juftice of his Sentence, according to the Laws of the Commonwealth ; in the other he petitions, that if he may not be pardoned, his Sentence may be changed into Banifhment ; and that he might do fomething to deferve his Life, he prefent ed with his laft Petition a Narration of all that he knew ' relating to the Plot, which admits almoft ail that had been objected to him at his Trial. A remark- But the Affairs of the Commonwealth were now at able ha- a Q-ifis, and King Charles II. having enter'd Eng land at the Head of fixteen Thoufand Scots, it was thought neceffary to ftrike fome Terror into the Pref byterian Party by making an Example of one of their favourite Clergymen. Mr. Whitlock fays, that Colo nel Forteficue was fent to General Cromwel with a Peti tion on behalf of Mr. Love, but that both the General and the reft of the Officers declined meddling in the Compl. Affair ; but Bifhop Kennet and Mr. Eachard fay, the Hlft- General fent Word, in a private Letter to one of his n '*02» Ea'hard Confidents, that he was content that Mr. Love fhould p. 689. ' be reprieved, and upon giving Security for his future good Behaviour pardoned ; but that the Poft-Boy being ftopt upon the Road by fome Cavaliers belonging to the late King's Army, they fearched his Packet, and find ing this Letter of Reprieve for Mr. Love they tore it with Indignation, as thinking him not worthy to live who had been fuch a Firebrand at the Treaty of Ux- bridge. If this Story be true, .Mr. Love fell a Sacri-, fice to the ungovernable Rage of the Cavaliers, as Dr. Dorifiaus and Mr: AJcham had done before. His Speech The Mail arriving from Scotland, and no Letter 7 'ffld fr°m ^romw^ m behaff of Mr. Love, he was ordered and Ex\- to be executed upon 'Tower-Hill, Aug. 22. the vevy cu'.ion. . Day Chap.II. of the Puritans. 47 Day the King enter'd Worcefter at the Head of hisCommon- Scots Army. Mr. Love mounted the Scaffold with we^lth- great Courage and Refolution, and taking off his Hat ^-^>„j two feveral Times to the People, made a long Speech, wherein he declares the Satisfaction of his Mind in the Caufe for which he fuffer'd ; and then adds, " I am " for a regulated, mixed Monarchy, which I judge " to be one of the beft Governments in the World. " I oppofed, in my Place, the Forces of the late " King, becaufe I am againft fcrewing up Monarchy " into Tyranny, as much as againft thofe who would " pull it down into Anarchy. I was never for putting " the King to death, whofe Perfon I did promife in my " Covenant to preferve ; and I judge it an ill Way of " curing the Body politick by cutting off the political " Head. I die with my Judgment againft the En- " gagement ; I pray God forgive them that impofe it, " and them that take it, and preferve them thatrefufe " it. Neither would I be looked upon as owning this " prefent Government ; I die with my Judgment " againft it. And Lafily, I die cleaving to all thofe. 44 Oaths, Vows, Covenants, and Proteftations that " were impofed by the two Houfes of Parliament. I " blefs God I have not the leaft Trouble on my Spirit, " but I die with as much Quietnefs of Mind as if I was " going to lie down on my Bed to reft. I fee Men thirft " after my Blood, which will but haften my Happi- " nefs and their Ruin ; for though I am but of mean " Parentage yet my Blood is the Blood of a Chriftian, " of a Minifter, of an innocent Man, and (I fpeak it >' without Vanity) of a Martyr I conclude with *' the Speech of the Apoftle, I am now ready to be of- " fered up, and the Time of my Departure is at Hand, ?' but I have finifoed my Courfe, I have kept the Faith, 1" henceforth there is laid up for me a Crown of Righ- <" teoufnefs and not for me only, but for all them tl that Idve the Appearance of our Lord J ejus Chrift, " through whofe Blood I expect Salvation, and Re- £' miffion of Sins. And fo the Lord blefs you all." After 43 The HISTORY VoI.IV. Common- After this he prayed with an audible Voice for him- wealth. fejf and his Feiiow_Sufferer Mr. Gibbon, for the Profpe- V^-yi^o rity of England, for his Covenanting Brethren in Scot land, and for an happy Union between the two Nati ons, making no mention of the King. He then rofe from his Knees, and having taken leave of the Mini fters, and others that attended him, he laid his Head upon the Block, which the Executioner took off at one Blow, before he had attained the Age of forty Years. Mr. Love was a zealous Prefbyterian, a popular Preacher, and highly efteemed by his Brethren. His Funeral Sermon was preached by Dr. Manton, and publifhed under the Title of, The Saints Triumph over. Death ; but his Memory has differed very much by Vol. III. Lord Clarendon's Character, who reprefents him as p. 434- guilty of as much " Treafon againft the late King as " the Pulpit could contain ; and delighting himfelf " with the Recital of it to the laft, as dying with falfe " Courage, or (as he calls it) in a raving Fit of Satis- " faction for having purfued the Ends of the fanctified " Obligation the Covenant, without praying for the *' King, any further than he propagated the Cove- " nam." Such Quarter muft they expect who can't go all his Lordfhip's Lengths, though they facrifice their Lives for their King ! Pmgrefs of To return to more publick Affairs ; after the Battle Mi Arm ol~ Dunbar General Cromwel, through the Inclemency in Scot- or" tne Weather, and his great Fatigues, was feized land. with an Ague which hung upon him all the Spring, but as the Summer advanced he recovered, and in the Month of July marched his Army towards the King's at Sterlin ; but not thinking it advifable to attempt his Camp, he tranfported part of his Forces over the Frith into Fife, who upon their Landing defeated the Scots, killing two Thoufand, and taking twelve Hundred Prifoners. After that, without waiting any longer on the King, he took Johnfiown, and almoft all the Gar- rifons in the North. While Chap. II. of the Puritans.' 49 While the General was employed in thefe Parts, the Common- Scots Committee that directed the Marches of their wealth: Army, fearing the Storm would quickly fall, upon jS^l^j themfelves, refolved to march their Army into Eng- The King land, and try the Loyalty of the Englifo Prefbyterians ; marches for this Purpofe Colonel Maffey was fent before into Lan- ini0 En?- cajhire, to prepare them for a Revolt; and the King ^ Sc™ himfelf enter'd England by the Way of Carlile, Au- Army. guft 6. at the Head of fixteen Thoufand Men ; but when the Committee of Minifters that attended the Ar my, obferved that the King and his Friends, upon their entering England, were for dropping the Cove nant, they fent an Exprefs to Maffey without the King's •Knowledge (fays Lord Clarendon) requiring him to Vol. III. publifh a Declaration, to affure the People of their Re- P- 4°o> folution to profecute the Ends' of the Covenant. The+0^' King had no fooner Notice of this, but he fent to Maf fey, forbidding him to publifh the Declaration, and to behave with equal Civility towards all Men who were forward to ferve him ; " but before this Inhibition (fays " his Lordfhip) the Matter had taken Air in all Pla- " ces, and was fpread over the whole Kingdom, " which made all Men fly from their Houfes, or con- " ceal themfelves, who wifhed the King well." But his Lordfhip is furely miftaken, for the King's chief Hopes under Maffey were from the Prefbyteri ans, who were fo far from being difpleafed with his Majefty's declaring for the Covenant, that it gave them all the Spirit he could wifh for ; but when it was known that the Covenant was to be laid afide, MaJfey'sRa.^ Meafures were broken, many of the Scots deferted andp- 64. returned home ; and not one in ten of the Englifij would hazard his Life in the Quarrel. Mr. Baxter, Life, who was a much better Judge of the Temper of thep- 68. People than his Lordfhip, fays, " The Englifo knew " that the Scots coming into England was rather a " Flight than a March. They confidered likewife, " that the implacable Cavaliers had made no Prepara- " tion of the People's Minds, by propofing any Terms Vol. IV. E "of SO The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Common-" of a future Reconciliation. That the Prelatical Di- wealth. « yines were gone further from the Prefbyterians by yJ~Y^> " Dr. Hammond's new Way, than their Predeceffors ; " and that the Caufe they contended for being not Con- " cord but Government, they had given the Prefby- " terian Clergy and People no Hopes of finding any «' Abatement of their former Burdens ; and 'tis hard " to perfuade Men to venture their Lives in order to " bring themfelves into a Prifon or Banifhment." However, thefe were the true Reafons, fays Mr. Bax ter, That no more came into the King at prefent ; and had the Prefbyterians obferved them at the Re ftoration, they had made better Terms for themfelves than they did. Prepara- The Parliament at Weftminfter were quickly advi- far£kd of the King's March' and by wa7 of Precaution me„t. expell'd all Delinquents out of the City ; they raifed the Militia ; they muttered the Train'd Bands, to the Number of fourteen Thoufand ; and in a few Weeks had got together an Army of near fixty Thoufand brave p. 689. Soldiers. Mr. Eachard reprefents the Parliament as in a terrible Panick, and projecting Means to efcape out of the Land ; whereas in reality, the unhappy King was the Pity of his Friends, and the Contempt of his Enemies. General Cromwel fent an Exprefs to the Parliament, to have a watchful Eye over the Prefbyterians, who were in Confederacy with the Scots, and told them, That the Reafon of his not interpofing between the Enemy and England was, becaufe he was refolved to reduce Scotland effectually before Winter. He defired the Houfe to colled their Forces together, and make the beft Stand they could till he could come up with the Enemy, when he doubted not but to give a good Account of them. At the fame Time he fent Major General Lambert with a ftrong Body of Horfe to har- rafs the King's Forces, while himfelf, with the Body of the Army, haften'd after, leaving Lieutenant Gene ral Monk with a fufficient Force to fecure his Con- quefts, and reduce the reft of the Country, which he quickly Chap. II. f/"^ Puritans. £x quickly accomplifh'd. Bifhop Burnet fays, there was Common- an Order and Difcipline among the Englijh, and a wealth. Face of Gravity and Piety that amazed all People ; J^i^y moft of them were Independants and Baptifts, . but all Burnet, gifted Men, and preached as they were moved, butp. 58. never above once diftur bed the publick Worfhip. The Earl of Derby was the only Nobleman in Eng- King at land who raifed fifteen Hundred Men for the young Worcefter, King, but before he could joLi the Royal Army he was defeated by Colonel Lilburn, near Wigan in Lan- cafoire, and his Forces entirely difperfed. The Earl being wounded retired into Chefoire, and from thence got to the King, who had marched his Army as far as Worcefter, which opened its Gates, and gave him an honourable Reception ; from hence his Majefty fent Letters to London, commanding all his Subjects be tween the Age of Sixteen and Sixty to repair to his Royal Standard ; but few had the Courage to appear, the Parliament having declared all fuch Rebels, and burnt the King's Summons by the 'Hands of the Com mon Hangman. His Majefty's Affairs were now at a Crifis ; Lambert was in his Rear with a great Body of Horfe, and Cromwel folio w'd with ten Thoufand' Foot, which, together with the Forces that join'd him by or der of Parliament, made an Army of thirty Thoufand Men. The King being unable to keep the Field fortir -#«#& »f fied the City of Worcefter', and encamped almoft under Worcefter, the Walls. September 3. Cromwel attacked Powick Bridge, within two Miles of the City, which drew out the King's Forces, and occafioned a general Battle, in which his Majefty's Army was entirely deftroyed ; four Thoufand being flain, feven Thoufand taken Pri- foners, with the King's Standard, and one Hundred fifty eight Colours. Never was a greater Rout and Difperfion, nor a more fatal Blow to the Royal Caufe. The Account which the General gave to the Parliament was, " That the Battle was fought with various Suc- 4 ' cefs for fome Flours, but ftill hopeful on our Part, " and in the End became an abfolute Victory, the E 2 " Ene- 52 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Common-" Enemy's Army being totally defeated, and the wealth. u Town in our Poffeffion, our Men entering at the y.^v" Enemy's Heels; and fighting with them in the " Streets, took all their Baggage and Artillery w The " Difpute was long and very often at pufh of Pike *'¦ from one Defence to another. There are about fix " or feven Thoufand Prifoners, among whom are , " many Officers, and Perfons of Quality. This, for " ought I know, may be a crowning Mercy." AH poffible Diligence was ufed to feize the Perfon of the King ; it was declared High Treafon to conceal him, and a Reward of a Thoufand Pounds was fet upon his Head ; but Providence ordained his Efcape, for after he had travell'd up and down the Country fix or feven Weeks, under various Difguifes, in company with one or two Confidents, and efcaped a thoufand Dangers, he got a Paffage crofs the Channel at Brighthelmftone in Sujfex, and landed at Diepe in Normandy, Oblob.n. from whence he travell'd by Land to Paris, where his Mother maintained him out of her fmall Penfion from the Court of France. Low Con- The Hopes of the Royalifts were now expiring, for dthe°King the Ifla?ds °fGuemjey and Jerfiey, with all the Britifo and the Plantations in America, were reduced this Summer to Church of the Obedience of the Parliament, in fo much that his England. Majefty had neither Fort nor Caftle, nor a Foot of Land in all his Dominions. The Liturgy of the Church of England was alfo under a total Eclipfe, the Ufe of it being forbid not only in England, but even to the Royal Family in France, which had hitherto an Apartment in the Louvre feparated to that Purpofe ; but after the Battle of Worcefier an Order was fent from the Queen Regent, to (hut up the Chapel, it being the King's Pleafure not to permit the Exercife of any Re ligion but the Roman Catholick in any of his Hou- .fes ; nor could Chancellor Hyde obtain more than a bare Promife, that the Queen of England would ufe her Endeavours, that the Proteftants of the Fami ly fhould have liberty to exercife their Devotions in Chap.H. of the Puritan s.' 53 in fome private Room belonging to the Lodg-Common- ingS. wealth. Upon the King's Arrival in France he immediately \^JJ-^j threw off the Mafk of a Prefbyterian, and never went He neglecis once to the Proteftant Church at Charenton, though'^ Prefby- they invited him in the moft refpectful Manner ; outtma"sa,ul Lord Clarendon diffuaded him, becaufe the HugonOts E t0J had not been hearty in his Intereft, and becaufe it 49?- for though they had ljberty to excommunicate Offend- E 3 ers^ 5S|.i .fffc**M«TtOfU?V Vbl'.'IV; Co'mmbn^eraj'w dgbar •rhera:tb'e-45oriifriunion, they might not wealth.'' feize their Eftates, or deprive them of their Civil ,^^^Rlgtei-,ahd'Priviteges^ ^6 Oaths Or Covenants were " W3$b ^impofed- b§t '- by .Direction ' from ) Weftminfter :; vattd.' 'as ' all /fitting -^hcouragemeht was- io be -giveri-to ^hedMMtteB 'o|'4r?e r|Eftar]lifh'd Kirk. fo others not fatfefied with; them" Forra^bf Church ^Govef-nlnerit had1 liberty- to -fef-ve God after |Hteir own Maftner ; and all 'who w^rid- five •peaceably/ arid yield Obedience to the; -C^mrfipHwealth;- .we%e;-$rotecTfed in- their feveral Per- luafioris; This2bcHTiioiied a^fea£';C©m4Wotion among' tfeCl^rgy, who complained of the Lofs of their Co venant; yand'Cliurch. Difcipline ; and exclaimed agairift1 the "Toiefation,: as opening a Door to all Kinds of Er& rof and'Herefy : -But the £#jf/7$fupported their Friends- . agaffaft all Gppofition r^glilh The Laird of Drum 'bedfjg'-feesiten'd with Exceift- Cammiffio- munieatibn, for •fpeaking' againft^the'Kirkx and refu- "/^'fi^'tofcr, that its Difciplihe^-was'.of ^Divine Au- Cen^efcethmty, -led- to- the Englifo for/l'rotectlon; and then in that writ the : Afferhbiy Word, that"- -their Oppf'effion was Kingdom, equal to that of the late Bifhops, but that the Common^- Whitl.. w'ealtH'of England would not" permit them to enflaVtf P- 5°°' the: Confciences 0f Men any longer. The Prefbytery 5 S» i.5'wGijl(\ ;have ; proceeded to Extremities with him, but Monk brandiftie'd 'his Sword over their Heads, and th'reaten'd to treat- them as Enemies to' the -State, upon wiiich they defifted for the prefent. •" Soon after this,' ^Commiffioners' chiefly of the Independant Perfuafion, ,'|ve*e fent into Scotland, to vifit the Univerfities, " and to ,'fettle Liberty of Conscience in that Kingdom, againft- the coercive Claim of the Kirk, by whofe Influence a Declaration was prefented to the Affembly at EdinJ burghp July 26V in favour' of the Congregational Difci pline, and for Liberty of Confidence ; but the ftubborn Affembly Men, inftead of yielding to the Declaration, publifhed a Paper? called a Tefiimony againft the pre- fint Encroachments, ofi the Civil Power upon the Eccle fiaftical Jurijdiclion, occafioned by a Proclamation of th. m ^M' after he had reduc^ that City to the Obedience of the Commonwealth. He was bred to the Law, and was a Perfon of great Integrity, bold and couragious in all his Enterprizes, and never to be diverted from what he thought juft and right by any Arguments or Perflations. He was a thorou-hCom- p. 46. monwealths Man. Bifhop Burnet fays, he °had the Principles and Temper of a Cajfius, and was moft libe ral in employing his Purfe, and hazarding his Perfon in the Service of the Publick. He died in the Midft w tf ,* n,mg FeVer' after ten Da7s ficknefs. His Body being brought over into England was laid ¦ inState at Somerfet Houfe, -and buried in Weftminfter Abbey Wlth a Pomp and Magnificence tinted to the Dignity of his Station ; bVit after the Reftoration of the Royal Family his Body was taken out of the Grave with Cromwel s and buried under the Gallows %f °f About the fame Time died Mr. Francis Woodcock, w'Jod- "0l/;n in CW erj l6*3- and educated in Brazen Nofie cock. ColUge, Oxford, where he took a Degree in Arts, en- Aih. Ok. ter d into Orders, and had a Cure of Souls beftowed upon Chap.II. of the Pur ltans.' . 57 upon him. In the Begining of the Civil Wars he fided Common- with the Parliament, and was one of the Affembly of wealth- Divines, being then Lecturer of St. Lawrence Jewry. \J?Q^j He was afterwards, by Ordinance of Parliament dated ^*^ July 10. 1646. made Parfon of St. Olaves, South- war k ; having the Efteem of being a good Scholar, and an excellent Preacher. He died in the Midft of his Days and Ufefulnefs, at at is 38. Mr. George Walker proceeded B.D. in St. John's Of Mr: College, Cambridge : He was famous for his Skill in George the Oriental Languages, and was an excellent Logi-^a^er' cian and Theologifi ; being very much noted for his Difputations with the Jefuit Fifoer, and others of the Romijh Church ; and afterwards, for his ftrict Sabba tarian Principles. He was one of the Affembly of Divines, where he gain'd great Reputation by his mu nificent and publick Behaviour. Mr. Thomas Wilfion was born in Cumberland 1601. Of Mr. and educated in Chrifi's College, Cambridge, where heWl^on* proceeded in Arts. He was firft Minifter of Capel in Surrey, and after feveral other Removes fixed at Maidftone in Kent, where he was fufpended for refil ling to read the Book of Sports, and not abfblved till the Scots Troubles in 1639. In 1643. ne was ap pointed one of the Affembly of Divines. at Weftminfter, being reputed a good Linguift, and well read in anci ent and modern Authors. He was of a robuft Confti tution, and took vaft Pains in preaching and catechi- fing ; he had a great deal of natural Courage, and was in every refpect a chearful and active Chriftian, but he trefpaffed too much upon his Conftitution, which wore him out when he was little more than fifty Years old. He died comfortably and chearfully towards the End of the Year 1651. Sir Edward Deer ing gave him this Character in the Houfe of Commons ; " Mr. " Wilfion is as Orthodox in Doctrine, and Laborious *' in Preaching, as any we have, and of an unblemifh- £ ed Life." The 58 The HISTORY .Vol. IV, Common- The 'Terms; of Conformity in England were now wealth. ]ower than they had been fince the Begining of the \Jr\r>^ Civil Wars ; the Covenant was laid afide, and no i^y other Civil Qualification for a Living -required, but Terms of the Engagement, fo ¦ that many Epifcopal Divines Conformi- complied with the Government; for tho' they might &' not read the Liturgy in form,, they might frame their Prayers as near it as they pleated. Many Epifcopal Conventicles were connived at, where the Liturgy was read, till they were found plotting againft the Govern ment ; nor would they have been denied an open To leration, if they would have given Security for their peaceable Behaviour, and not meddling with Po liticks. Petition The Parliament having voted in the Year 1649. «g*™ft that Tithes foould be taken away as foon as another Maintenance for the Clergy could be agreed upon, fe veral Petitions came out of the Country, praying, the Houfe to bring this Affair to an Iffue : One advifed, that all the Tithes over the whole Kingdom might be collected into a Treafury, and. that the Minifters might be paid their Salaries out of it. Others looking upon Tithes unlawful, would have the Livings valued, and the Parifh engaged to pay the Minifter. This was fufpected to come from -the Sectaries, and awaken'd Life, the Fears of the Eftablifli'd Clergy. Mr. Baxter print- P- "5- ed the Worcefier Petition on the Behalf of the Mini fters, which was prefented to the Houfe by Colonel Bridges- and Mr. Foley ; and Mr. Boreman, B. D. and Fellow of ; Trinity College, Cambridge, publifhed, The Cour.try- Man's Catechifin ; or, the Church's Plea for Tithes ; dedicated to the Nobility, Gentry, and Com mons of the Realm ; in which he infifts upon their Di vine Right, but the Clergy were more afraid than hurt ; for though the Commons were of Opinion with Mr. Selden, that Tithes were abolifhed with the old Law, yet the Committee not agreeing upon an Expe dient to fatisfy the Lay-Impropriators, the Affair. was dropt for the- prefent. Upon Chap. II. of the Pv rit ah s. 59 Upon Complaint of the Expence and Tedioufinefis o/'Common- Law Suits, it was moved in the Houfe, That Courts w^ltn- of Juftice might be fettled in every County, and <.J^}f^j maintained at the publick Charge ; and that all Con- Attempts troverfies between Man and Man might be heard and to regulate determined free, according to the Laws of the Land ;J^a™ and that Clerks of all Courts and Committees might do "' s" their Duty without delay, or taking any Thing more than their fettled Fees. Accordingly a Committee was appointed to confider of the Inconveniencies and De lays of Law Suits, and how they might be remedied. The Committee came to feveral Refolutions upon this Head ; but the Diffolution of the Parliament, which began with the next Year, prevented their bringing it to Perfection. An Act had paffed in the Year 1649. for Propa- Propaga- gating the Gofipel in Wales; and Commiffioners wexeu°nof ihe appointed for ejecting ignorant and fcandalous Mini- \yfles T fters, and placing others in their Room ; purfuant to which, Mr. Whitlock writes, " That by this Timep- 518. " there were one Hundred and fifty good Preachers in " the thirteen Welch Counties, moft of whom preach- " ed three or four Times a Week ; that in every Mar-- " ket Town there was placed one ; and in moft great " Towns two School-Mafters, able, learned, and Unir «' verfity Men ; that the Tithes were all employed to «' the Ufes directed by Act of Parliament ; that is, to ** the Maintenance of Godly Minifters ; to the Pay- ,c ment of Taxes and Officers ; to School-Mafters ; " and the Fifths to the Wives and Children of the " ejected Clergy :" Of which we fhall meet with a more particular Relation in its proper Place. The Commonwealth was now very powerful, andStateofthe. the Nation in as flourifhing a Condition (fays Mr. Ra- Com™™- pin) as under Queen Elizabeth. The Form of Go-wa vernment indeed was alter'd contrary to Law, and without Confent of the People, the Majority of whom were difaffected, preferring a mixed Monarchy to an abfolute Commonwealth ; but the Adminiftration was in 60 The HISTORY Vol.1 V- Common- in the Hands of the ableft Men England^ had beheld wealth. for a iong while ; all their Enemies were in a Manner ylf^JLj fubdued, and the two Kingdoms incorporated into one >^y^/ .commonwealth : But ftill there were two Things that gave them Uneafinefs ; one was the growing Power of the Army, which were now at leifure, and expected Rewards fuitable to their Succeffes. The other, the Neceffity they were under to diffolve themfelves in a little Time, and put the Power into other Hands. War with With regard to the Army, it was refolved to reduce AkDutch. £he Land Forces, and augment the Fleet with them, in order to fecure the Nation againft the Dutch ; for ttie Parliament having a Defire to ftrengthen their Hands, by uniting with the Commonwealth of Hol land, fent over Oliver St. John, and Sir Walter Strick land, With Propofals for this Purpofe ; but the Dutch treated them with Neglect, as their younger Sifter, which the Parliament refenting, demanded Satisfaction for the Damages the Englifo had fuftained at Amboyna, and other Parts of the Eaft Indies ; and to cramp them in their Trade, paft the famous Act of Navigation, prohibiting the importing Goods ofi foreign Growth in any but Englifh Bottoms ; or fuch as were of the Coun try firom whence they came. Upon this the Dutch fent over Ambafladors, defiring a Claufe of Exception for themfelves, who were the Carriers of Europe ; but the Parliament in their Turn treated them coldly, and put them in mind of the Murder of their Envoy Dr.Dorijlaus. Both Commonwealths being diffatisfied with each other, prepared for War ; and Van Trump, the Dutch Admiral, with a Convoy of Merchant Men, meeting Admiral Blake in the Channel, and refuting him the Flag, an Engagement enfued, May ij. which continued four Hours, till the Night parted them. The Dutch excufed the Accident, as done without their Know ledge ; but the Parliament was fo enraged, that diey refolved to humble them. In thefe Circumftances it was thought reafonable to augment the Fleet from die Land Forces, whp had nothing to do, and Chap.II. of the Puritans. 6t and would in a little Time be a Burden to the Common- Nation. w.p.i49.jection. The King was no way interefted in the Change, for it was not Charles Stuart, but a Repub lican Ufiurpation that was difpoffeffed of the fupreme Power. If the General had failed in his Defign, and loft his Life i.i the Attempt, the Kiijg would have received ncmanner of Advantage, for the Nation was by no means difpofed to reftore him at this Time. «uppofing then iti was not practicable to choofe a free Parliament^ nor fit to let the old one perpetuate them felves, Chap. II. c/A Puritans, 67 felves, Oliver Cromwel had no other Choice, but to Common- abandon the State ; or to take the Adminiftration up- v/e^lth- on himfelf ; or put it into the Hands of fome other ^-A^ji Perfon that had no better a Title. How far private Ambition took place of the publick Good, in the Choice, muft be left to the Judgment of every Reader; but if it was neceffary that there fhould be a Supreme Authority, capable of commanding Obedience, it cannot be denied, but that Genera^ Cromwel was more capable to govern the State in fuch a Storm, than any Man then living. No Ob jection can be raifed againft him, which might not with more Juftice have been urged againft any other fingle Perfon, or Body of Men in the Nation, except the right Heir. However, all the three Parties of Cavaliers, Presbyterians, and Republicans, were dif- pleafed with his Conduct, loaded him with Invectives, and formed Confpiracies againft his Perfon, though they could never agree in any other Scheme, which in the prefent Crifis was more practicable. The Parliament being thus broken up, the Sove- G. Crom." reign Power fell into the Hands of the Council of Of- a"d the ficers, of which Cromwel was head, who publifMed a rym^rs ap. Declaration, iuftifying his Diffolution of the late Vat- fame the Hament, and promifing to put the Adminiftration in- Govern- to the Hands of Perfons of approved Fidelity and Ho- mnt\ nefty, and leave them to form it into what Shape they pleated. Accordingly, April 30. another Declaration • was publifhed, figned by Oliver Cromwel, and Thirty of his Officers, nominating a hew Council of State to take Care of the Government till a new Reprefentative Body of Men could be called together ; and June 8 . the General, by advice of his Council, fent the follow ing Summons to one Hundred and forty felect Perfons, out of the feveral Counties of England, to meet at Weftminfter, in order to fettle the Nation ; "I Olive r. " Cromwel, Captain General, &c. do hereby (urn- " mons and require you — being one of the Perfons no- " minated by my felf, with the Advice of my Council, F 2 " per- 68 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Common-" perfonally to appear at the Council Chamber at wealth. ,« Whitehall, upon the Fourth of July next enfuing vJv^J " the Date hereof, to take upon you the Truft of the " Affairs of the Commonwealth ; to which you are " hereby called and appointed to ferve as a Member " for the County of - — — And hereof you are not " to fail. Given under my Hand this 8th of June, " 1653." O. Cromwel. • Thefe were high Acts of Sovereignty, and not to be juftified but upon the Suppofition of extreme Necejfity. The Diffolution of the Long Parliament was an Act of Violence, but not unacceptable to the People, as appeared by the numerous Addreffes from the Army, the Fleet, and other Places, approving the General's Conduct, and promifing to ftand by him and his Council in their Pro ceedings ; but then for the General himfelf, and thirty Offi cers, to chufeReprefentatives for the whole Nation, with out interefting any of the Counties or Corporations of England in the Choice, would have deferved the high- eft Cenfure under any other Circumftances. The Little Afcout one Hundred and twenty of the new Repre- Farlia- fentatives appeared at the Time and Place appointed, ment. when the General, after a fhort Speech, delivered them an Inftrument in Parchment under his Hand and Seal, refigning into their Hands, or the Hands of any Forty of them, the Supreme Authority and Government of the Commonwealth, limiting the Time of their Conti nuance to November 3. 1654. and empowering them, three Months before their Diffolution, to make Choice of others to fucceed them, for a Year, and they to pro vide for a future Succeffion. It was much wonder'd, p. 534. fays Whitlock, that thefe Gentlemen, many of whom were Perfons of Fortune and Eftate, ' fhould accept of the Supreme Audiority of the Nation, upon fuch a Summons, and from fuch Hands. Moft of them were Men of Piety, but no great Politicians, and were there fore in Contempt called fometimes the Little Parlia ment , Chap.ll. u//& Puritans. 69 ment ; and by others, Bar eb one's Parliament, from a Common- Leatherfieller of that Name, who was one of the moft wealtn- active Members. When the General was withdrawn i^~J~^, they chofe Mr. Roufie, an aged and venerable Man, Their Pro- Member in the late Parliament for Truro in Corn-ceedings. wal, their Speaker, and then voted themfelves the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England. Mr. Baxter places them in a contemptible Light, and fays, " They intended to eject all the Parifh Mi-p-7°>'8o. " nifters, and to encourage the gathering Indepen- " dant Churches ; that they caft out all the Mini- " iters in Wales, which, though bad enough for the " moft part, were yet better than none, or the few " Itinerants they fet up in their room ; and that they " attempted, and had almoft accomplifh'd the fame in " England." But nothing of this appears among their Acts. When the City of London petitioned, that more learned and approved Minifters might be fent into the Country to preach the Gofpel ; that their fettled Maintenance by Law might be confirmed, and their juft Properties preferved ; and that the Univer- fities might be zealoufiy countenanced and encouraged, the Petitioners had the Thanks of that Houfe; and tha- Committee gave it as their Opinion, that Commiffion ers fhould be fent into the feveral Counties, who fhould have Power to eject fcandalous and infufficient Mini fters, and to fettle others irrtheir Room. They were to appoint Preaching in all vacant Places, that none might have above three Miles from a Place of Wor fhip. That fuch as were approved for publick Mini fters fhould enjoy the Maintenance provided by the Laws ; and that if any fcrupfed the Payment of Tithes the neighbouring Juftices of Peace fhould fettle the Va lue, which the Owner of the Land fhould be obliged to pay ; but as for the Tithes themfelves they were of Opinion, that the Incumbents and Impropriators had a Right in them, and therefore they could not be ta ken away till they were fatisfied. F 3 July 70 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Common- July 23. it was referr'd to a Committee, to^confider wealth, f a Repeai 0f fuch Laws as hinder'd the Progrefs of \^X^ the Gofpel ; that is (fays Bifhop Kennet) to take away Liberty of the few remaining Rules of Decency and Order ; or Canjcience in other Language, the Penal Laws. This was done at the Inftance of the Independants, who petitioned for Protection againft the Prefbyteries ; upon which it was voted, that a Declaration fhould be publifhed, for giving proper Liberty to all that feared God ; and for preventing their impofing Hardfhips on one ano ther. Mr. Eachard, and others of his Stamp, write,- that this Parliament had under Deliberation the taking away the old Englifij Laws, as Badges of the Norman Con- queft, and fubftituting the Mojaick Lav/s of Govern ment in their Place ; and that all Schools of Learning, and Titles of Honour, fhould be extinguifhed, as not agreeing with the Chriftian Simplicity. But no fuch Propofals were made to the Houfe, and therefore 'tis unjuft to lay them to their Charge. Ordinance The Solemnizing of Matrimony had hitherto been for Mar- er.groffed by the Clergy, but this Convention confider- naxs. ecj jt as a civji Contract, and put it into the Hands of the Juftices of Peace, by an Ordinance, which fays, " That after the 29th of September, 1653. All Per- " fons who fhall agree to be married within the Com- " monwealth of England, lhall deliver in their Names, " and Places of Abode, with the Names of their Pa- " rents, Guardians, and Overfeers, to the Regifter of " the Parifh where each Party lives, who fhall publifh " the Bans in the Church or Chapel three feveral ?' Lord's Days, after the Morning Service ; or elfe in " the Market-Place three feveral Weeks fucceffively, " between the Hours of Eleven and Two, on a Mar- ". ket Day, if the Party defire it. The Regifter (hall " make out a Certificate of the due Performance of one *' or the other, at the Requeft of the Parties concerned, " without which they fhall not proceed to Marriage. « It Chap.II. of the Puritans Ji " It is further enacted, That all Perfons intending Common- " to Marry fliall come before fome Juftice of Peace we^th- " within the County, City, or Town Corporate, s^X^j " where Publication has been made, as aforefikt, with " their Certificate, and with ftifficbr.t Proof of th-3 " Confent of the Parents, if either Party be u-Per " Age, and then the Marriage fliall proceed in this " Manner: " The Man to be married fhall take the Woman " by the Hand, and diftinctly pronounce thefe Words, " I A. B. do here, in the Prefence of God, the Searcher " of all Hearts, take thee C. D. for my wedded " Wife ; and do alfo, in the Prefence of God, and " before thefe Witneffes, promife to be to thee a lovirg " and faithful Hufband. " Then the Woman taking the Man by the H:-nd " fhall plainly and diftinctly pronounce thefe Words, " I C. D. do here,' in the Prefence of God, the Searcher " of all Hearts, take thee A. B. for my wedded Huf- " band ; and do alfo, in the Prefence of God, and " before thefe Witneffes, promife to be to thee a loving, " faithful, and obedient Wife. " After this the Juftice may, and fhall declare the " faid Man and Woman to be from thenceforth Huf- " band and Wife ; and from and after fuch Confent " fo expreffed, and fuch Declaration made of the " fame (as to the Form of Marriage) it (hall be good " and effectual in Law ; and no other Marriage what- " foever, within the Commonwealth of England, after " the 29th of Sept. 1653. fhall be held, or accounted " a Marriage, according to the-Law of England" This Ordinance was confirmed by the Protector's Parliament in the Year 1 656. except the Claufe, That no other Marriage whatfioever within the Commonwealth of England fhall be held, or accounted a legal Mar riage ; and it was wifely done of the Parliament at die Reftoration, to confirm thefe Marriages, in order to prevent vexatious Law-fuits in future Times. But the A&s of this Convention were of little fignificance, for F 4 when, 72 ^HISTORY Vol. IV. Ohver when they found the. Affairs of the Nation too intricate, r°^L°fj an<^ the feveral ^Parties too ftubborn to yield to theif Vrfry-N^ Ordinances, , they wifely refigned, and furrender'd back their Sovereignty into the. fame Hands that gave it them, ' after they had fat five Months and -twelve Days. °'iCJT" The Generalm& his Officers finding themfelves re- ^Priinve.fted with the SuPreme Authority, by what they Sor by a fancied a more Parliamentary Delegation, took upon Council of them to ftrike out a new Form of Government, a little Officers, tending towards Monarchy, contained in a large In- Ab/lraa of ftrument of Forty two Articles, entitled, The Govern- %mZentment °f the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and of Gown- Ireland. It appoints the Government to be in a tingle ment. Perfon ; That the fingle Perfon be the General, O. Cromwel, whofe Stile and Title fhould be, His Highnefis, Lord Proteclor ofi the Commonwealth of Eng land, Scotland, and Ireland, and of the Dominion's thereunto belonging -¦ — That the Lord Protector fhould have a Council, confiding of no more than Twenty one Perfons, nor lets than Thirteen, to affift him in the feu/H0' Adminiftration A Parliament was to be chofen Paflil out of the Three Kingdoms every three Years at long- ment. eft, and not to be diffolved without their Confent irt lets than five Months. It was to confift of four Hun dred Members for England and Wales , Thirty for Scotland, and Thirty for Ireland; whereof Sixty was to make a Houfe., The - Counties of England and Wales were to choofe two Hundred thirty nine ; the other Elections to be diftributed among the chief Cities and Market Towns, without regard to ancient Cuftom; The County of Dor Jet was to choofe eleven Members, Cornwal, eight, Bedjordfoire five ; the feveral Riding of Torkfoire fourteen ; .Middlejex four -, the City of London fix ; Weftminfter tv/o ; the whole Number of Cities and Burroughs that had Privilege of Election Were one Hundred and ten ; and the Number of Re- preientatives to be chofen by them one Hundred and fixty . — ~ If the Prote$or refufed to iffue out Wrix^ ; ' - the Chap.l-I. of the Puritan s. 73 the Commiffioners of the Great Seal, or the High She- Oliver riff of the County, was to do it under pain of Treafon Frote£tor: None to have Votes but fuch as were worth two \J^Lj Hundred Pounds. This Regulation being wifely ^^^ porportion?d met with univerfal Approbation. Lord Clarendon fays, it was fit to be more warrantably made, and in a better Time — All the great Officers of State,' as Chancellor, Treafurer, &c .if they become vacant in Time of Parliament, to be fupplied with their Appro bation ; and in the Intervals with the Approbation of the Council Such Bills as were offered to the Pro tector by the Parliament, if not figned in Twenty Days, were to beflLaws without him, if not contrary to this Inftrument In the prefent Crifis the Prote ctor and his Council might publifh Ordinances which fhould have force till the firft Seffions of Parliament — The Protector Was to have Power to make War and Peace, to confer Titles of Honour, to pardon all Crimes except Treafon and Murder ; the Militia was intrufted with him and his Council, except during the Seffions of Parliament, when it was to be jointly in both. In fhort, the Protector had almoft all the Roy alties of a King — but then«the Protector (hip was to be elective, and no Protector after the prefent to be Ge neral of the Army ¦ The Articles relating to Religion were thefe ; Art. 35. " That the Chriftian Religion contained in Articles «' the Scriptures be held forth and recommended as therelat.infi te « publick Profeffion of thefe Nations, and that as fpQnRdlgtm' " as may be, a Provifion lefs fubject to Contention j " and more certain than the prefent, be made for the ** Maintenance of Minifters ; and that till fuch Pro- *' vifion be made the 'prefent Maintenance continue. Art. 36. " That none be compelled to conform to " the publick Religion by Penalties or otherwife ; but " that Endeavours be ufed to win' them by found Do- " ctrine, and the Example of a good Converfation. "Art. 37. "That fuch as profefs Faith in God by " Jefus Chrift,- though differing in Judgment from • .. J "the 74 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver <( the Doctrine, Worfhip, or Difcipline, publickly PrateOar. « held forth, fhall not be reftrained from, but fhall be s^Jfi^, " protected in the Profeffion of their Faith, and Exer- " cite of their Religion, fo as they abufe not this Li- " berty to the Civil Injury of others, and to the actu- " al Difturbance of the publick Peace on their Parts ; " provided this Liberty be not extended to Popery or " Prelacy, or to fuch as under a Profeffion of Chrift " hold forth and pradtife Licentioufnefs. Art. 38. " That all Laws, Statutes, Ordinances, " and Claufes in any Law, Statute or Ordinance, to " the contrary, of the aforefaid Liberty, fhall be " efteemed null and void." * Inftalmmt The Protector was inftalled with great Magnificence, iftbePro-Decemb. 16. 16 53. in the Court of Chancery, by Or- teiior. ^er Q^ ^ Qounc\\ 0f Officers, in prefence of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, the Judges, the Commiffioners of the Great Seal, and other great Offi cers, who were fummoned to attend on this Occafion. O. Cromwel ftanding uncover'd on the left Fland of a Chair of State fet for him, firft fubfcribed the Inftru- ment of Government in the Face of the Court, and then took the following Oath. His dath. " 1 TfTHereas the major Part of the laft Parliament " * V (judging that their fitting any longer as then «' conftituted,would not be fortheGood of theCommon- " wealth) did diffolve the fame ; and by a Writing " under their Hands, dated the 12 th of this inftant " December, refigned to me their Powers and Autho- " rities. And whereas it was neceffary thereupon that " fome fpeedy Courfe fhould be taken for the Settle- " ment of thefe Nations upon fuch a Bafis and Founda- " tion, as, by the Bleffing of God, might be lafting, " fecure Property, and anfwer thofe great Ends of Re- " ligion and Liberty, fo long contended for ; and up- " on full and mature Confideration had of the Form " of Government hereunto annexed, beino- fatisfietf V that the %ie, through Divbe Affiftance,° may an- " fwer. Chap. II. ef/Af Puritans. 75 fwer the Ends afore-mehtiqned. And having alfo Oliver been defired and advifed, as well by feveral Perfons Froteftor. of Intereft and Fidelity in the Commonwealth, as s^* the Officers of the Army, to take upon me the """~v^ Protection and Government of thefe Nations in the Manner expreffed in the faid Form of Government, I have accepted thereof, and do hereby declare' my Acceptance accordingly ; and do promife, in the Prefence of God, that I will not violate, or infringe the Matters and Things contained therein, but to my Power obferve the fame, and caufe them to be ob ferved ; and fhall in all other Things, to the beft of my Underftanding, govern thefe Nations according to the Laws, Statutes and Cuftoms, feeking their Peace, and caufing Juftice and Law to be equally adminifter'd." After this he fat down in the Chair of State covered, and the Commiffioners delivered him the Great Seal, and the Lord Mayor his Sword and Cap of Mainte nance ; which he returned in a very obliging Manner. The Ceremony being over, the Soldiers, with a Shout, cried out, God blefis the Lord Protetlor oj the Com monwealth ofi England, Scotland, and Ireland. In their Return to Whitehall the Lord Mayor carried the Sword before His Highness uncovered, and pre- fently after he was proclaimed in the City of London, and throughout all the Brityh Dominions. Thus did this wonderful Man, by fuiprizing Manage ment, fupported only by the Sword, advance himfelf to the fupremeGovernmentof three Kingdoms without con fent of Parliament or People. His Birth feemed to pro mife nothing of this kind ; nor does it appear that he had formed the Project, till after the Battle of Worcefter, when he apprehended the Parliament had defigned his Ruin -by difbanding the Army, and perpetuating their Authority among themfelves : Which of the two UTurpations was moft eligible muft be left with the 'leader ; but how he brought the Officers into his Mealures, and fupported his 76 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver his Sovereignty by an Army of Enthufiafts, Anabap- Proteiior. tiQ.s^ pjf^ Monarchy Men, and Republicans, will be \^-?X~ t^ie Admiration of all Pofterity ; and though by this adventurous Act he drew upon himfelf the Plots and Confpiracies of the feveral Factions in the Nation, yet his Genius and Courage furmounted all Difficulties, his fhort Empire being one continued Blaze of Glory and Renown to the Britifo Ifles, and of Terror to the reft of Europe. Remarks The Reader will make his own Remarks upon the on the In- new Inftrument oj Government, and will neceffarily Govern- obferve, that it was a Creature of Cromwel's and his ment. Council of Officers, and not drawn up by a proper Re- prefentative of the People. How far the prefent Cir cumftances of the Nation made this neceffary, muft be concluded from the Remarks we have made upon the Change of Government ; but the Articles relating to Religion can hardly be complained of, though they difgufted all that part of the Clergy who were for Church Power ; the Presbyterians preached and writ againft the 36th and 3 7th Articles, as inconfiftent with their Eftablifhment, and finking it almoft to a Level with the Sectaries. The Republicans were diffatisfied becaufe the Engagement, by which they had fworn Fidelity to a Commonwealth, without a fingle Perfon, or Houfe of Lords, was fet afide. Bifhop Kennet is angry with the Protector's Latitude, becaufe there was no Teft or Barrier to the Eftablifhment. " How little Religion was the Concern, or fo much " as any longer the Pretence of Cromwel and his Offi- " cers (fays his Lordfhip) appears from hence, that " in the large Inftrument of the Government of the " Commonwealth, which was the Magna Charta of " the new Conftitution, there is not a Word of Churches " or Synods, or Minifters, nor any Thing but the " Chriftian Religion in general, jvith liberty to all " differing in Judgment, from the Doctrine, Wor- *' fhip, or Difcipline, publickly held forth." Strange, that this fhould difpleafe a Chriftian Bifhop ! But his Lord- Chap.II. of the Puritans. 77 Lordfhip fhould have remember'd, that this Liberty Oliver was not to extend to any kinds of Immoralities, nor toProtea<""' fuch as injured the Civil Rights of others, nor to fuch vj£^, as difturbed the publick Peace. And do the Scrip- ^***^ tures authorize us to go further ? The fixth Article provides, " That the Laws in being relating to the " Prefbyterian Religion were not to be fufpended, al- " ter'd, abrogated or repealed ; nor any new Law " made, but by confent of Parliament." The 36th adds, " That until a better Provifion can be made for " the Encouragement and Maintenance of able and " painful Teachers the prefent Maintenance fhall not " be taken away nor impeached." And Tryers were appointed foon after for preventing fcandalous and unlearned Perfons invading the Pulpit. This part of the Inftrument is, in my Opinion, fo far from being criminal, that it breathes a noble Spirit of Chriftian Li berty, though it was undoubtedly faulty, in putting Popery, Prelacy, and Licentioujnejs oj Manners, upon a level. The - open Toleration of Popery is hardly confiftent with the Safety of a Proteftant Government ; and Licentioufnefs of Manners, is not to be indulged in any civilized Nation ; but if the Epifcopalians would have given Security for their living peaceably under their new Mafters, they ought certainly to have been protected ; however, the Protector did not in every In- ftance adhere ftrictly to the Inftrument. But though in point of Policy the Epifcopalians Epifeopa- were at this Time excepted from a legal Tolera- lians tole- tion, their Affemblies were connived at; and feveral rated' of their Clergy indulged the publick Exercife of their Minifiry without the Fetters of Oaths, Subfcriptions, or Engagements ; as Dr. Hall, afterwards Bifhop of Chefter, Dr. Wild, Pearfion, Ball, Hardy, Griffith, Farringdon, and others. Several of the Bifhops who had been kept from publick Service by the Covenant and Engagement, preached again publickly in the Ci ty, as Archbifhop TJfoer, Bifhop Brownrigge, and others. Mr. Baxter, who was very far from being a Friend of the" 7^ The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver the Protector's, fays, " That all Men were fuffered to Proteaor. <.<. jjve qUietly, and enjoy their Properties under his V^-v^, " Government ¦¦ That he removed the Terrors' p. 186. " and Prejudices which hinder'd the Succefs of the " Gofpel, efpecially confidering that Godlinefs had " Countenance and Reputation as well as Liberty, " whereas before, if it did not appear in all the Fetters " and Formalities of the Times, it was the Way to " common Shame and Ruin. 'Tis well known that " the Prefbyterians did not approve of the Ufiurpation, " but when they faw that Cromwel's Defign was to do " Good in the Main, and encourage Religion as far as " his Caufe would admit, they acquiefced," And then comparing thefe Times with thofe after the Refto ration, he adds, " I fliall for the Future think that " Land happy, where the People have but bare Li- " berty to be as good as they are willing ; and if " Countenance and Maintenance be but added to Li- " berty, and tolerated Errors and Sects be but forced " to keep the Peace, I fhall not hereafter much fear " fuch a Toleration, nor defpair that Truth will bear " down its Adverfaries." This was a confiderable Teftimony to the Protestor's Adminiftration from the Pen of an Adverfary. Prote- The Protector's firft Council were, Major General aor's ^ Lambert, Lieutenant General Fleetwood, Colonel Mon tague, afterwards Earl of Sandwich ; Philip Lord Vif- count L:flc, fince Earl of Leicejler ; Colonel Defibo- rough, Sir Gilbert Pickering, Sir Anthony Afloley Cooper, afterwards Earl of Shafts bury ; Sir Charles Wooljley, Major General Skippon, Mr. Strickland, Colonel Syden ham, Colonel Jones, Mr. Roufie, Mr: Lawrence, and Mr. Major : Men of great Name in thofe Times ; fome of whom made a confiderable Figure after the Reftoration. The Protector's wife Conduct appeared in nothing more than his unwearied Endeavours to make all Religious Parties eafy. He indulged the Army in their enthufiaftick Raptures, and fometimes joined in their Prayers and Sermons. He countenan ced Council. Chap.H. of the Furitan$. jy ced the Presbyterians, by affuring them he would Oliver- maintain the publick Miniftry, and give them all due p rateBor. Encouragement. He fupported the Independants, by ^^j making them his Chaplains; by . preferring them to^^^^ confiderable Livings in the Church and Univerfities.; and by joining them in one Commiffion with the Pref byterians as Tryers of all fuch as defired to be ad mitted to Benefices. But he abfolutely forbid the Cler gy of every Denomination dealing in Politicks, as not belonging to their Profeffion ; and when he perceived the Managing Presbyterians took too much upon them, he always found means to mortify them ; and would fometimes glory that he had curbed that infolent Sect, that would fuffer none but it felf. It was happy for the wife and moderate Prefbyteri- State of the ans, that the Proteclor difarmed their Difcipline of itsFrefbyteri- coercive Power, for he ftill left them all that was fuffi-flZ"* cient for the Purpofes of Religion ; they had their Monthly or Quarterly Claffical Prefbyteries in every County, for the Ordination of Minifters, by Impofi- tion of Hands, according to the Direclory, to whom they gave Certificates, or Teftimonials, in the follow ing Words : " X/Xl ^ ^ Minifters of the Prefbytery of ~ Copies of " V V having examined Mr. according to Tcftimo- " the Tenor of the Ordinance for that purpofe, and* " " finding him duly qualified and gifted for that holy " Office and Employment (no juft Exception having " been made to his Ordination) have approved him, " and accordingly on the Day and Year hereafter ex- " preffed, have proceeded folemnly to fet him apart to " the Office of a Preaching Prefbyter, and Work of " the Miniftry, with Failing and Prayer, and Impo- " fition of Hands ; and do hereby actually admit him "¦ (ns far as concerns us) to perform all the Offices and " Duties of a faithful Minifter of Jefus Chrift. In " W; -nets whereof we have hereunto fubfcribed our " Names this—— Day of September, 1653." 1 Other 8o The H I S T O R Y Vol. I Vi Oliver Other Teftimonials were in this Form : Protestor. V/V*-> " \A7E the Minifters of Chrift, who are called to — - a V Y watch over this Part of his Flock in the City « of — — — with the Affiftance of fome others, that " we might not be wanting to the Service of the " Church in its Neceffity, having received credible " Teftimonials, under the Hands of divers Minifters " of the Gofpel, and others, of the fober, righteous, " and godly Converfation of as alfo concern- " ing his Gifts for the Miniftry, have proceeded to " make further Trial of his Fitnefs for fo great a " Work ; and being in fome good Meafure fatisfied " concerning his Piety and Ability, have, upon the " Day of — — — 1652. proceeded folemnly to fet him "/apart to the Office of a Prefbyter, and Work of the " Miniftry, by laying on our Hands with Failing " and Prayer ; by Virtue whereof we do efteem and " declare him a lawful Minifter of Chrift, and here- " by recommend him to the Church of ¦ — In " Witnefs whereof we have fet our Hands, &c." Affociati- When the Prefbyterians found that their Claffes cOuld ens of Mi- obtain no Power to inflict Pains and Penalties on thofe "JifrJZ wri° refufed to lubmit to their Difcipline, the Mini fters of the feveral Denominations, in the Country, be gan to enter into friendly Affociations for brotherly Baxter'/ Council and Advice. Mr. Baxter, and Jus Brethren Life, of Worcefterfoire, formed a Scheme upon fuch general Part II. principles as aJl good Men were agreed in, which he %l communicated to the Reverend Mr. Vines and Gata- p. 167, ker; and when he had drawn up Articles of Concord &(¦ he fubmitted them to the Correction of Archbifhop Ufoer, and other Epifcopal Divines, who^agreed with him, that no more Difcipline fhould be practifed than the Epifcopalian, Prefbyterian, and Independant Divines agreed in ; that they fhould not meddle with Politicks, or Affairs of Civil Government in their Affemblies^ nor pre tend to exercife the Power of the Keys, or any Church Cen- the Coun tries. Chap.II. c/^fo Puritans; 8r Cenfures, but only to affift, advije, and encourage each Oliver other in propagating Truth and Holinefs, and in keep- Froteaor. ing their Churches from prophane and ficandalous Com- ^s-vKs, municants. Their Meetings were appointed to be once a Month in fome Market Town, where there was a Sermon in the Morning ; and after Dinner the Converfation was upon fuch Points of Doctrine or Dif cipline as required Advice ; or elfe an Hour was (pent in difputing upon fome Theological Queftion which had been appointed the Month before. Doctor Warmeftry, afterwards Dean of Worcefter, and Dr. Good, one of the Prebendaries of Her ejord, fent Mr. Baxter a Letter, dated Sept. 20. 1653. wherein they teftify their Approbation of the Affociation above- mentioned, and of the Articles of Concord. In the Weft of England Mr. Hughes of Plimouth, and Mr. Good of Exeter, prevailed with the Minifters of the feveral Perflations in thofe Parts to follow the Example of Worcefterfoire ; accordingly they parcell'd themfelves into four Divifions, which met once a Quarter ; and all Four had a general Meeting for Concord once a Year : The Reverend Mr. Hughes prefided in thofe of 1655, and 1656. The Modera tor began and ended with Prayer , and feveral of the Epijcopal Divines of the beft Character, as well as In- dependants, join'd with them ; " The chief of the " Prefbyterian and Independant Divines, who were " weary of Divifions, and willing to ftrengthen each " others Hands, united in thefe Affemblies, though " the exafperated Prelatifts, the more rigid Prefbyte- " rians, and feverer Sort of Independants kept at a " Diftance : But many remarkable Advantages (fays " Mr. Baxter) attended thefe Affociations ; " they opened and preferv'd a friendly Correfpondence among the Minifters ; they removed a great many Prejudices and Mifunderftandings, infomuch that the Controver- fies and Heats of angry Men began to be allayed, their Spirits better'd, and the Ends of Religion more gene rally promoted. Vox.. IV. ..- G But SV The HISTORY Vol.IV. Qliyer BU£ thefe Country Affociations were not countenan- 6ti^' Cec* ^y f^e more zeal°us Prefbyterians of London, who n^J-y-^, met weekly at Sion College ; they could hardly digeft Hot coun- a Toleration of the Sectaries, much lefs fubmit to a tenanced Coalition, but refolved to keep clofe to the Ordinances bl^ep3l of Parliament, and to the Ads of their Provincial Af- hter'tans. fembly : They wanted the Sword of Difcipline, and were impatient under the prefent Reftraints ; and no thing but the watchful Eye of the Protestor, whofe Spies were in every Corner, kept them from preach ing, praying, and plotting againft the Government. However, the Country Minifters being eafy in their Poffeffions, cultivated good Neighbourhood, and fpread the Affociations through Wiltfoire, Ejfex, Hampfoire, Dorjetfoire, Cumberland, Weftmoreland, and other Parts ; and if I am not mifinformed, there are the like brotherly Affociations among the Diffenters, in fe veral Counties, to this Day. SSt^ This Year died old Dr. William Gouge, born at Gouge. Stratford Bow in the Year 1575. and educated at Eaton College, Cambridge, of which he was Fellow. He enter'd into Orders 1607. and the very next Year was fettled at Black Friars, London, where he conti nued to his Death. He commenced Doctor of Divi nity in the Year 1628. about which Time he became one of the Feoffees for buying up Impropriations, for Which he was ordered to be profecuted in the Star Chamber. In the Year 1643. he was nominated one of the Affembly of Divines, and was in fuch Reputa tion, that he often filled the Moderator's Chair in his Abfence. He was a modeft, humble, and affable Per fon, of ftrict and exemplary Piety ; an univerfal Scholar, and a moft conftant Preacher, as long as he was able to get up into the Pulpit. For many Years he was efteem- ed the Father of the London Minifters, and died com fortably and pioufly, December 12. 1653. in the 79th Year of his Age, having been Minifter of Black Friars almoft Forty fix Years. Doctor Chap. II. of the Pu ritaks. 83 Doctor Thomas Hill, of whom mention has been Oliver made before, was born in Worcefterfoire, and educated Proteaor. in Emanuel College, Cambridge, of which he was a Fel- ^Jjffjf^j low, and Tutor to young Scholars for many Years. q/Dr. He was afterwards preferr'd to the Living of TichmarfoHiU. in NorthamptQnfoire, and was chofen into the Affem- Clark'/ bly of Divines for that County. While he was at Lon- Liws'< don he preached every Lord's Day at St. Martin's in the Fields, and was one of the Morning Lecturers at ¦Weftminfter Abbey. He was afterwards chofen to be Matter of Emanuel College, Cambridge, and from thence removed to Trinity College; in which Stations he be haved with great Prudence and Circumfpection. He was a good Scholar, and very careful of the Antiquities and Privileges of the Univerfity ; a ftrict Calvinift, a plain, powerful, and practical Preacher, and of an holy and unblameable Converfation. He died of a Quartan Ague, December 18. 1653. in an advanced Age, very much lamented by his Acquaintance and Brethren, G 2 CHAP. The HISTORY Vol. IV- CHAP. III. From the Beginning of the ProteSiorfhip of Oh I v e R Cromwell to his Death. Oliver Y F the Reader will carefully review the Unhappy Froteaor. j[ State of the Nation at this Time, the Strength of ^J^^, the feveral Parties of oppofite Interefts, and almoft Stateoftbeequa\ Power, each refolved upon his own Scheme of Nation.. Settlement, and all confpiring againft the prefent, he will be furprized that any wife Man fhould be prevail ed with to put himfelf at the Head of fuch a disjointed Body ; and much more, that fuch a Genius fhould arife, that without any foreign Alliances was capable of guarding againft fo many foreign and domeftick Enemies, and of fleering the Commonwealth through fuch an Hurricane, clear of the Rocks and Quickfands which threaten'd its Ruin. ProteBor This was the Province that the Mighty Oliver &?" undertook, with the Stile and Title of Lord Protector f/&*Dutch.°f tne Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ire land. He affumed all the State and Ceremony of a crowned Head ; his Houfhold Officers and Guards at tended in their Places, and his Court appeared in as great Splendor, and more Order, than had been feen at Whitehall fince Queen Elizabeth's Reign. His firft Concern was to fill the Courts of Juftice with the ableft Lawyers ; Sir Matthew Hales was made Lord Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas ; Mr. Maynard, Twifiden, Newdigate and Windham, Serjeants at Law ; Mr. Thurloe Secretary of State ; and Monk Governor of Scotland. His next Care was to deliver him felf from his foreign Enemies ; for this Purpofe he gave Peace to the Dutch, which the Greatnefs of his Reputation enabled him to accomplifh without the Ceremony of a formal Treaty ; he therefore fent his Secretary Thurloe with the Conditions to which they were to fubmit ; the Dutch pleaded for Abatements, but Chap.HI. c/^fe Puritans. 85 but his Highness was at a Point, and obliged them Oliver to deliver up the Ifland of Polerone in the Eafi Indies ; * "' to pay three Hundred Thoufand Pounds for the Affair ^-y-^/ of Amboyna ; to abandon the Interefts of King Charles II. to exclude the Prince of Orange from being Stadt- holder, and to yield up the Sovereignty of the Seas. When this was accomplished moft of the foreign His high Powers of Europe fent to compliment his Hkhnefs up- ^'"'jw .... r .. r , . °. ,n . among to on his Advancement, and to cultivate his b nenalhip : reign jv«- The King of Portugal afked Pardon for receiving//^, Prince Rupert into his Ports ; the Danes got them felves included in the Dutch Treaty, and became Se curity for one Hundred and forty Thoufand Pounds Damages done to the Englifo Shipping ; the Swedes fued for an Alliance, which was concluded with their Ambaffador ¦ the Crown of Spain made Offers which the Protector would not accept ; but the Addrefs of the French Ambaffador was very extraordinary ; the Pro=- tector received him in the Banquetting Houfe at White hall, with all the State and Magnificence of a crowned Head ; and the Ambaffador having made his Obeifince, French acquainted his Highnejs with the King his Mailer's j)t.Amh«ff*- fire to eftablifh a Correfpondence between his Domi-^T.^ nions and England, He mentioned the Value of the Friendship of .France, and how much it was courted by the greateft Potentates of the Earth ; " but (fays " the Ambaffador) the King my Matter communi- " cares his Refolutions to none with fo much Joy and " Chearfulnefs, as to thofe whofe virtuous Actions, *' and extraordinary Merits, render them more con- " (picuoufiy Famous, than the Largenefs of their Do- '* minions. His Majefty is fenfible, that all thefe " Advantages do wholly refide in your Highness, " and that the Divine Providence, after fo many Ca- " lamities, could not deal more favourably with thefe " three Nations, nor caufe them to forget their paft " Miferies with greater Satisfaction, than by fubftitu- ** ting them to fo jufl a Government — — "• G 3 But 86 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver But the Protector's food dangerous Enemies were Proteaor. the Royaijfts, Presbyterians, and Republicans at home j yj^X-> the former threaten'd him with an Affaffination, upon Proteao? s which he declared openly, that though he would never domeftick begin fo deteftable a Practice, yet if any of the King s Enemies. party fhould attempt it and fail, he would make an af- 0//^Cfl-faffinating War of it, and deftroy the whole Family, ¦ ' which he had Servants ready to execute ; the Terror of which was a greater Security to him than his Coat of Mail or Guards. The Protector had the Skill al ways to difcover the- moft fecret Defigns of the Roy- alifts by fome of their own Number, whom he fpared no Coft to gain over to his Interefts. Sir Richard Willis was Chancellor Hide's chief Confident, to whom he writ often, and in whom all the Party confided, as Burn: in an able and wife States-Man ; but the Protestor P-65- gained him with two Flundred Pounds a Year, by which means he had all the King's Party in a Net, and let them dance in it at pleafure. He had another Correfpondent in the King's little Family, one Man ning a Roman Catholick, who gave Secretary Thurloe. Intelligence of all his Majefty's Councils and Proceed ings. But though the King's Friends were always in one Plot or other .againft the Protector's Perfon and Government, he always behaved with Decency towards them, as long as they kept within tolerable ^ Bounds ; and without all queftion, the fevere Laws that were made againft the Epifcopal Party were not on the Account of Religion, but of their irreconcile- able Averfion to the Government. the Pref- The whole Body of the Presbyterians were in Prin- hytenans. cjpje fa ^ ]j}ng anL\ tiie Covenant, but after the Battle of Worcefter, and the Execution of Mr. Lcve, they were terrified into a Compliance with the Com monwealth, though they difallowed their Proceedings, and were pleafed to fee them broken in pieces ; but the furprizing Advancement of Cromwel to the Prcte- (torfoip filled them with new Terrors, and threaten'd th. Overthrow of their Church Power, for they con- fider'd Chap.III. of the Pv ri tax s. 87 fider'd him not only as an Ujurper, but a Sectarian, Oliver who would countenance the free Exercife of Religion FrBt^'"'-: to all that would live peaceably under his Government ; ^Jj\j and though he affured them he would continue Reli gion upon the Foot of the prefent Eftablifhment, yet nothing would content them as long as their Difcipline was difarmed of its coercive Power. But the Protector's moft determined Adverfaries^ Re~ were the Commonwealth Party ; thefe were divided 'm.f«bhcans, to two Branches ; one had little or no Religion, but were for a Democracy in the State, and univerfal Li berty of Confcience in Religion; the Heads of them were Deifts, or in the Language of the Protector, Heathens, as Algernoon Sidney, Henry Neville, Mar tin, Wildman and Harrington. It was impoffible to work upon thefe Men, or reconcile them to the Go vernment of a fingle Perfon, and therefore he difarm ed them of their Power. The other were high Enthu- fiafts, and Fifth Monarchy Men, who were in Expe ctation of King Jefius, and of a glorious Thoufand Years Reign of Chrift upon Earth. They were for pulling down Churches (fays Bifhop Burnet) for dif- p. 67. .charging Tithes, and leaving Religion free (as they called it) without either Encouragement or Reftraint. Moft of them were for deftroying the Clergy, and for breaking every Thing that look'd like a National Efta blifhment. Thefe the Protector endeavoured to gain, by affuring them in private Converfation, " That he had " no manner of Inclination to affume the Government, " but had rather have been content with a Shepherd's " Staff, were it not abfolutely neceffary to keep the Na- " tion from falling to Pieces, and becoming a Prey to " the common Enemy ; that he only ftept in be- " tween the Living and the De-ad, as he expreffed it, " and this only till God fhould direct them on what Bot- " torn to fettle, when he would furrender his Dignity -'-' with a Joy equal to the Sorrow with which he had ta- >" ken it up." With the Chiefs of this Party he affected to converfe upon Terms of great Familiarity, (hutting G 4 the 88 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver the Door, and making them fit down covered in his Prdteaor. prefence, to iet them fee how little he valued thofe ^i-yt^ Diftances he was bound to obferve for Form fake with others ; he talked with them in their own Language, and the Converfation commonly ended with a long Prayer. His The Protector's chief Support againft thefe powerful Friends. Adverfaries were the Independants, the City of London, and the Army ; the former look'd upon him as the Head of their Party, though he was no more theirs than as he was averfe to Church Power, and for an Burnet, univerfal Toleration. He- courted the City of London p. 68. with a decent Refpect, declaring, upon all Occafions, his Refolution to confirm their Privileges, and confult Meafures for promoting Trade and Commerce. Thefe, in return, after his Inftalment, entertained him at Din ner in a moft Magnificent and Prince-like Manner, and by degrees modeli'd their Magiftrates to his Mind. But his chief Dependance was upon the Army, which being made up of different Parties, he- took care to re form by Degrees, till they were in a manner entirely at his Devotion. He paid the Soldiers well, and advan ced them according to their Merits, and Zeal for his Government, without regard to their Birth, or Se niority. Remarks. It was the Protector's Happinefs, that the Parties above-mentioned had as great an Enmity to each other, as to the Protector himfelf; the Cavaliers hated the Prefbyterians and Republicans, as thefie did the Cava liers -, the Royalifts fancied that all who were againft the Protector muft join with them in reftoring the King ; while the Presbyterians were pufhing for their Covenant Uniformity, and the Republicans for a Com monwealth. Cromwel had the Skill not only to keep them divided, but to encreafe their Jealoufies of each other, and by that Means to difconc'ert all their Mea fures againft himfelf. Let the Reader recollect what a difficult Situation this was ; and, what a Genius it muft require to maintain fo high a Reputation abroad, in Ghap.UI. of the Puritan s. 89 in the Midft of fo many domeftick Enemies, who Oliver were continually plotting his Deftruction. Protestor. In purfuance of the Inftrument ofi Government, the v-<-v~^/ Protector publifhed an Ordinance, April 12. to incor- Scotland porate the two Kingdom of Scotland and England, Wlre- The Ordinance fets forth, " That whereas the Parlia-^^ " ment in 1651. had fent Commiffioners into Scotland, withEng- " to invite that Nation to an Union with Englandland. " under one Government ; and whereas the Confent " of the Shires and Boroughs was then obtained, there- " fore for compleating that Work, he ordains, That " the People of Scotland, and all the Territories there- " unto belonging, fhall be incorporated into one Com- " monwealth with England, and that in every Parlia- " ment to be held fucceffively for the faid Commoa- " wealth, thirty Members fhall be called from thence " to ferve for Scotland — " Shortly after Ireland was incorporated after the fame Manner; and from this Time the Arms of Scotland and Ireland were quarter ed with thofe of England. But the Protector was hardly fixed in his Chair be^P!o1 °fa^ fore an Affaffination Plot of the Royalifts was difco^^'" vered, and three of the Confpirators (viz.) Mr. Fox, • Mr. Gerhard, and Mr. Vowel, were apprehended, and tried before an high Court of Juftice, for Confpiring to murder the Lord Protector as he was going to Hampton Court, to feize the Guards, and the Tower of London ; and to proclaim the King. Mr. Fox, who confeffed mpft of what was alledg'd againft him, pleaded guilty, and was reprieved ; but the other Two putting themfelves on their Trial, though they denied the Jurifdiction of the Court, were convicted, and executed July 10. Gerhard, a young hot-headed En- fign in the late King's Army being beheaded ; and Vowel, a School Matter at IJlington, hanged at Cha ring Crofis : Gerhard confeffed he knew of the Plot, but Vowel was filent, Thefe Commotions were the Occafion of the Hardfhips the Royalifts underwent fome Time after. Don go The HISTORY Vol.lV. Oliver Don Pantaleon Sa, Brother of the Portugueze Am- Proteaor. baffador, was beheaded the fame Day, upon account yffff^j of a Riot and Murder in the iV After a Sermon preached by Dr. Tho. Goodwin his HisSpeech. Highnefs repaired to the Painted Chamber, and being Whitl. feated in a Chair of State, raifed by fundry Steps, hep- 582. made a Speech to the Members, in which he com- plain'd- of the Levellers and Fifth Monarchy Men, who were for fubverting all the eftablifhed Laws, and for throwing all Things back into Confufion. He put them in mind of the Difficulties the Nation was invol ved in at the Time when he affumed the Government. " That it was at War with Portugal, Holland, and " France ; which together with the Divifion among our " felves (fays he) begat a Confidence in the Enemy that " we could not hold out long. In this heap of Confu- " fionit was neceffary to apply fome Remedy that the " Nation might not fink ; and the Remedy (fays he) is " This Gove r. n m e n t , which is calculated for the In- ," tereft of the People alone, without regard to any other, " let Men fay what they will ; I can fpeak with Comfort " before a Greater than you all as to my own Intention. " Since this Government has been erected, Men of the " moft known Integrity and Ability have been put " into Seats of Juftice. The Chancery has been re- " formed. It has put a Stop to that heady Way for " every Man that will, to make himfelf a Preacher, by " fettling a Way for Approbation of Men of Piety and " fitnefs for the Work. It hath taken care to expunge " Men unfit for that Work ; and now, at length, it " has been inftrumental of calling a free Parliament. " A Peace is now made with Sweden, and with the " Danes ; a Peace honourable to the Nation, and fii- " tisfactory to the Merchants. A Peace, is made with " the Dutch, and with Portugal; and fuch an one " that the People that trade thither have Liberty of " Confcience, without being fubject to the bloody In- " quifition." He then advifes them to concert Mea sures for the Support of the prefent Government, and deiires 92 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver defires them to believe, that he fpoke to -them not as Proteaor. one t^t intended to be a Lord over them, but as one ^54j tjiat was ref0ived to be a Fellow-Servant with them for the Intereft of their Country ; and then having exhort ed them to Unanimity, he difmiffed them to their Houfe to chute a Speaker. Proceed- William Lenthal, Efq; Mafter of the Rolls, and ingsofthe Speaker of the Long Parliament, was chofen without Houfe. Oppofition. The firft Thing the Houfe went up on was the Inftrument of Government, which occafion- ed many warm Debates, and was like to throw all back into Confufion. To prevent this the Protector gave Orders, Sept. 12. that as the Members came to the Houfe they fhould be directed to attend his Highnefs in the Painted Chamber, where he made the follow ing remarkable Speech, which deferves the Reader's Prote- careful Attention. " Gentlemen, I am furprized at BoSs <¦<¦ y0ur Conduct, in debating fo freely the Inftrument pcec . <¦<¦ of Government, for the fame Power that has made ug ae- « yOU a Parliament has appointed me Protector, " fo that if you difpute the one, you muft difown the " other. He added, That he was a Gentleman by " Birth, and had been called to feveral Employments " in Parliament, and in the Wars, which being at an " End, he was willing to retire to a private Life, and •; prayed to be difmiffed, but could not obtain it. " That he had preffed the Long Parliament, as a " Member, to diffolve themfelves ; but finding they " intended to continue their Seffions, he thought " himfelf obliged to difmifs them, and to call " fome Perfons together from the feveral Parts of " the Nation, to fee if they could fall upon a het- " ter Settlement. Accordingly he refigned up all '' his Power into their Hands, but they after fome " Time returned it back to him. After this (fays " he) divers Gentlemen having confulted together, " framed the prefent Model without my privity, and " told me, that unlets I would undertake the lame, " Blood and Confufion would break in upon them 5 " but Chap.III. of the Pu ritans. 93 " but I refufed again and again, till confidering that Oliver " it did not put me into an higher Capacity than J Proteaor. " was in before, I contented ', fince which Time I i^L^_/ " have had the Thanks of the Army, the Fleet, the whitl. ' " City of London, and of great Numbers of Gentry in p. 587. " the three Nations. Now the Government being " thus fetded, I apprehend there are four Fundamen- " tals which may not be examined into, or alter'd. " (1.) That the Government be in a fingle Perfon and " a Parliament. (2.) That Parliaments be not perpe- " mal. (3.) The Article relating to the Militia. " And, (4.) A due Libefty of Confcience in Matters " of Religion. Other Things in the Government " may be changed as Occafion requires. For as much " therefore as you have gone about to fubvert the " Fundamentals of this Government, and throw all " Things back into Confufion, to prevent the like " for the future I am neceffitated to appoint you a " Teft, or Recognition of the Government, by which The Reco " you are made a Parliament, before you go any more*'"'08, " into the Houfe." Accordingly at their return, they found a Guard at the Door denying Entrance to any who would not firft fign the following Engagement. / A. B. do hereby jreely promije, and engage to be true and faithful to the Lord Proteclor of the Commonwealth ofi England, Scotland, and Ireland, and will not propofie or give my Confent to alter the Government, as it is fettled in one Jingle Perjon and a Parliament. About three Hundred of the Members figned the Recognition, and having took their Place in the Houfe, with fome Difficulty confirmed the Inftrument of Government al moft in every Thing, but the Right of nominating a Succeffor to the prefent Protector ; which they refer- ved to the Parliament. They voted the prefent Lord Protector to continue for Life. They continued the Standing Army of ten Thoufand Horfe and twenty Thoufand Foot, and fixty Thoufand Pounds a Month for their Maintenance. They gave the Proteclor two hundred Thoufand Pounds a Year for his Civil Lift, 2 and i 94 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver and affigned Whitehall, St. James's, and the reft of Protestor. the ]ate King's Houfes, for his Ufe ; but they were VL^J out of Humour, and were fo far from fhewing refpect to the Court, that they held no manner of Correfpon dence with it; which, together with their voting, Lik of That no one Claufie of what they had agreed upon fihould Cromwel. be binding, unlefis the Whole were confiented to, provo- p. 291. keci the Proteclor, as derogating from his Power of contenting to, or refuting particular Bills, and there fore having difcovered feveral Plots againft his Go vernment ready to break out, in which fome of the Members were concerned, 'he fent for them into the Painted Chamber, Jan. 22. and after a long and in tricate Speech, in which, after fome ftrong Expreffions in favour of Liberty to JVIen of the fame Faith, tho' of different Judgments in leffer Matters, he com plained, that they had taken no more Notice of him, either by Meffage or Addrefs, than if there had been no fuch Perfon in being ; that they had done nothing for the Honour and Support of the Government, but (pent their Time in fruitlefs Debates of litde Confequence, while the Nation was bleeding to Death ; and inftead of making Things eafy, that they had laid a Founda- Protecior tion for future Diffatisfactions ; he therefore diffolved difolws them, without confirming any of their Acts, after they had fat five Months, according to the Inftrument of Government, reckoning Twenty eight Days to a Month. This was thought an unpopular Action, and a re nouncing the additional Title the Parliament would have given him; but this Great Man with the Sword in his Hand was not to be jollied out of the Saddle with Votes and Refolutions ; and if one may credit his Speech, his affuming the Government was not fo much the Effect of his own Ambition, as of a bold Refolution to prevent the Nation's falling back into Anarchy and Blood. plot of the Tjp0ri the Rifing of the Parliament Major General Fejubh- flarrijgn^ one 0f the Chiefs of the Republicans, was Whitl. taken into Cuftody j and Mr. John Wildman, who had p. 600. been Chap.III. of the P u r i tan s. 9^ been expell'd the Houfe, was apprehended as he was Oliver drawing up a Paper, entitled, A Declaration of theProtfam'' free and well affetled People of England now in Arms vJ-Aty againft the Tyrant Oliver Cromwel; which pre vented the Rifing of that Party. ' The Royalifts were buying up Arms at the fame And of the Time, and preparing to rife in feveral Parts of theR°ya^P' Kingdom. They had procured Commiffions from theya,r'jTr young King at Cologn, and defired his Majefty to bep, Jrlf ready on the Sea Coaft by the nth of March, when there would be a Revolt in the Army, and when Do ver Caftle would be delivered into their Hands. The King accordingly removed to Middleburgh in Zea land ; but the Protector had Intelligence of it from his Spies, and declared it openly as foon as he was ar rived, which intimidated the Confpirators, and made them fear they were difcovered : However, about the Time appointed, fome fmall Parties of Royalifts got together in Shropfoire with an Intent to furprize Shrewfi- bury and Chirk Caftle. A Cart load of Arms was brought to a Place of Rendezvous for the Northern Parts, where they were to be headed by Wilmot Earl of Rochefter ; but they no fooner met but they difper-^ fed for fear of being fallen upon by the regular Troops. In the Weft Sir Jofieph Wagftaffe, Colonel Penruddock, Captain Hugh Grove, Mr. Jones, and others, enter'd the City of Salisbury, with 200 Horfe well armed, in the Time of the Affizes, and feized the Judges Rolls and Nichols, with the Sheriff of the County, whom they refolved to hang. They proclaimed the King, and threaten'd Violence to fuch as would not join them ; but the Country not coming in according to their Expectations they were intimidated, and after five or fix Hours marched away into Dorfietfoire, and from thence to Devonjhire, where Captain Crook over took them, and with one tingle Troop of Horfe de feated, and took moft of them Prifoners ; Penruddock and Grove were beheaded at Exeter ; and fome few others 96 The HISTORY Vol.IV, Oliver others were hanged at Salisbury, the Place where they Proteaor. had fo iateiy triumph'd. *2r^X*j The Vigilance of the Protector on this Occafion is Proteaor1 s almoft incredible ; he caufed a great many fufpected Vigilance. Lords and Gentlemen to be fecured ; he fent Letters to Whitl. j-^g juftices 0f Peace in every County, whom he had **' °2' already changed to his mind, commanding them to look out, and to fecure all Perfons who fhould make the leaft Difturbancej And his private Intelligence of Peoples Difcourfe and Behaviour, in every Corner of the Land, never failed. And Sew- If the Reader will duly confider the Danger arifing rity againft from thefe Commotions, and the Neceffity of ftriking them by {Qm& Terror into the Authors of them, he will eafily til"™0' account for the Protector's Severity againft the Roy alifts ; when therefore the Infurrection was quafh'd he refolved to make the whole Party pay the Expence ; and accordingly, with the Confent of his Council, pub lifhed an Order, " That all who had been in Arms " for the King, or had declared themfelves of the " Royal Party, fhould be decimated ; that is, pay a " tenth Part of their Eftates, to fupport the Charge " of fuch extraordinary Forces as their turbulent and " feditious Practices oblig'd him to keep up ; for " which Purpofe Commiffioners were appointed in " every County, and confiderable Sums were brought ** into the Treafury." To juftify this extraordinary Method of Proceeding, the Protector publifhed another Declaration ; in which he complains of the Irrecon- cileablenefs of thofe who had adhered to the King, to wards all thofe who had ferved their Country on the Side of the Parliament ; that they were now to be looked upon as publick Enemies, and to be kept from being able to do Mifchief, fince it fufficiently appear'd that they were always difpofed to do all they could. Upon thefe Accounts he thought it highly reafonable, and declares it to be his Refolution, that if any defpe- rate Attempts were undertaken by them for the future, the whole Party fhould fuffer for it. To t)hap. Hi. of the Puritans. 97 To return to the Affairs of Religions Though the, Oliver Prefbyterian Difcipline was at a low Ebb, it was ffi\\Prote8on, the eftablifhed Religion of the -Nation. The Provin- J^^V cial Affembly of London /continued- their Seffions at a 'fairs if Sion College every half Year, and endeavoured to. faa-Religion^ port the Dignity of therMini'fterial Office. , Complaint having been made that, the Pulpit Doors were fet open to Laymen; arid gifted. Brethren, they appointed ,. a Committee to collect Materials -for the Vindication of the Minifterial Character^ which being .revifed by the Synod, was publifhed thli.Stimrner under the, Title of Jus Divinum Minifterii Evangelici.: . ,Qt\, The JDipine^ Right ofi an Evangelical. Minifiry, in Twa Parts. By the Provincial Affembly of London. With, an v Appen dix, of the Judgment and PraBice 'of Antiquity. In the Debates of Parliament upon the Inftrument of^.tte^fP*f Government it was obferved, that by the Thirty •feyerith^^/ Article, All who profiefijed Faith in Godbyfejus Chrift. mentaU^ foould be. protecled in their Religion. This was interpre- Baxter'^ * ted, to imply an Agreement in Fundamentals. Upon Life, which it was voted, That- all foould be tolerated, or ¦*'»- Part Ir- dulged, who prof effed the Fundamentals of Chrifiianity 5,p* l"7* and a Comrhittee Was appointed to nominate certain Divines to draw up a Catalogue of .Fundamentals to be prefented to the Houfe: .The Committee being about Fourteen, ' named each of them a Divine ; among others. Archbifhop UJher was nominated, . but he declining the Affair, 'Mr. Baxter was appointed in his room': ' The reft that acted, were Dr. Owen, Mr. Nye, Committee Dr. Goodwin, Mr. Sy dracb Simpfion$.- todrawup Dr. Cheynel Mr. Vines, . • *£%$ Mr. Marfhal, Mr. Man ton, Religion. Mr. Reyner, Mr. Jacomb. Mr. Baxter would have perfuaded his Brethren to Life, Offer the Committee the Apofiles Creed, the Lord's Part II. Prayer, and the Ten Commandments alone, as con-?- l9?- Vol. IV, H taining. 98 7^ HISTORY V6l.IV. Oliver taining the Fundamentals of Religion ; ' but it was Tr°ilTr 0DJe&ed, that this would include Socinians and Pa- V^yt^ pifts. Mr. Baxter replied, That it was fo much fitter for a Centre of Unity or Concord, becaufe it Was im- poffible, in his Opinion, to devife a Form of Words ' which Hereticks would not fubfcribe, when they had perverted them to their own Senfe. But thefe Argu ments not prevailing, the following Articles were pre fented to the Committee, but not brought into the Houfe j under the Title of, The Principles of Faith prefented by Mr. Tho. Goodwin, Mr. Nye, Mr. Sydrach Simpson, and other Minifters, to the Committee of Parliament for Religion, by way of Ex planation to the Propofials for propagating the Gofipel. The Arti- Firft, That the Holy Scripture is that Rule of know- ties. jng God, and living unto him, which whofio does not be- V;P- lieve cannot be fiaved. ! ""' 2 Thef. ii. io, ri, 12, 15. 1 Cor. xv. 1, 2, 3. 2 Cor. i. 13. John v. 39. 2 Peter ii. 1. Secondly, That there is a God, who is the Creator, Governor, and Judge of the World, which is to be re ceived by Faith, and every other Way of the Knowledge of him is injujficient. "Heb. xi. 3, 6. Rom. i. 19, 20, 21, 22. 1 Cor.i.21. 2 Thef. i. 8. Thirdly, That this God who is the Creator^ is eter nally diftinff from all Creatures in his Being and Blefi- fiednejs. Rom. i. 18, 25. 1 Cor. viii. 5, 6. Fourthly, That this God is One in three Perfons or Subjiftences. 1 John v. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. compared with John viii. 17, 18, 19, 21. Matth. xxviii. 19. compar'd with Ephef. iv. 4, 5, 6. 1 John ii. 22, 23. 2d Epift. John ver. 9, 10. Fifthly, That Jefius Chrift is the only Mediator be tween God and Man, without the Knowledge ofi whom there is no Salvation. 1 Tim, Chap. III. of the Puritans.' 90 i Tim.ii. 4, 5, 6. 2 Tim. iii. 15. 1 John ii. 22. Oliver Acts iv. 10, 12. 1 Cor. iii. 10, 1.1. " Proteaor. Sixthly, That this J ejus Chrift is the true God. i^v^l/ 1 Johnv. 29. Ifaiah xlv. 21, 22, 23, 24,25. Seventhly, That this J ejus Chrifi is alfio true Man. 1 John iv. 2, 3. 2d Epift. John, ver. 7. Eighthly, That this J ejus Chrift is God and Man in one Perjon. 1 Tim. iii. 16. Matth. xvi. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Ninthly, That this Jefius Chrift is our Redeemer, who by paying a Ranfiom, and bearing our Sins, has made Satisfaction for them. Ifa. liii. 11. 1 Pet. ii. 24, 25. 1 Cor. xv. 2, 3. 1 Tim. ii. 4, 5, 6. Tent bly, That this fiame Lord Jefius Chrift is he that was crucified at Jerufalem, androfie again, and aficend- ed into Heaven. John viii. 24. Acts iv. 10, 11, 12. Actsx. 38,, 39,' 40, 41,42, 43. _ 1 Cor. xv. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Ads xxii. 8. Acts ii. 36. Eleventhly, That this fiame Jefius Chrift, being the only God and Man in one Per Jon, remains for ever a difiincl Perjon from all Saints and Angels, notwith- ftanding their Union and Communion witkrhim. Col. ii. 8, 9, 10, 19. 1 Tim. iii. 16. Twelfthly, That all Men by Nature are dead in Sins and Trefpaffes ; and no Man can be fiaved unlefis he be born again, repent and believe. John iii. 3, 5, 6, 7, 10. Acts xvii. 30, 31. Acts xxvi. 17, 18, 19,20. Lukexxiv.47. Actsxx. 20, 21. John v. 24, 25. Thirteenth, That we are juftified and fiaved by Grace, and Faith in Jefius Chrift, and not by Works. Acts xv. 24. compared with Gal. i. 6, 7, 8, 9. Gal. v. 2,4, 5. Rom. ix. 31, 32, 33. Rom. x. 3, 4. Rom. i. 16, 17. Gal. iii. 11. Ephef. ii. 8,9, 10. Fourteenth, That to continue in any known Sin, up on what Pretence or Principle joever, is damnable. H 2 Rom. (joo , The HISTORY Vol.IV. ..Oliver Rom; u 32. Rom.: vi. 1, 2, 15, 16. i.John i. 6, 8*. proteaor. % j^ £ii 3j 4? ^ ^ g , . 2 pet. ii. 19, 2p, Rom. ^^yijviii. 13:- ,.-:'- ,, Fifteenth^ That, God is to be worfoipped according to bis .pw'n Will;. and:whojoever. jhall jorjake and defipifie all the Duties ofi his Worfhip. cannot be fiaved. Jer. x.15. Pfalm xiv. 4. Jude,ver. iS, 19, 20,21. Rom. x. 13. Sixteenth, That the Dead Jhall rije ; and that there fis-aDay, of Judgment,, wherein all Jhall appear, Jome to go into everlafiing Life, 'and fome into everlafting Condemnation. 1 Tim. i. • 1 9, 2©.- compared with 2 Tim.ii. 17, 18. Actsxvii. 30, 31. John v. 28,29. 1 Cor. xv. 19. \-.f .,'-,-•"¦¦- j j'- Mr: Baxter fiiys Dr. Owen worded thefe Articles; that "Dr. Goodwin, Mr. Nye and Mr. Simpfion were .his -Affiftants ; that Dr. Cheynel was Scribe ; and that Mr. Marjhal, a fober, worthy Man, did fomething ; but Life, that the reft were little better than paffive. He adds, P' 2°5- that Twenty of their Propofitions were printed, tho' in raj Copy, licenfedby S cob el, there are but Sixteen : ' However, the Parliament being abruptly diffolved they were all buried in Oblivion. Remarks. It appears by thefe Articles, that thefe Divines iri- . tended to exclude, not only Deifts, Socinians, and Papifts, but Arians, . Antinomians, Quakers, and others. Into fuch Difficulties do wife and good Men fall, when they ufurp the Kingly Office of Chrift, and pretend, to reftrain that Liberty which is the Birthright of every reafonable Creature. 'Tis an unwarrantable .Prefumption for any Number of Men to declare what is Fundamental in the Chriftian Religion, any further than the Scriptures have exprefiy declared it. 'Tis pne Thing to maintain a Doctrine to be true, and ano ther to declare, that without the Belief of it no Man can be faved : None may fay this but God himfelf. Be- fides, why fhould the Civil Magiftrate protect none but thofe who profefs Faith in God by Jefius Chrift ? If a Co- 1 lony Chap. III. of the P u r i t'an s. io i lony of Englijh Merchants fhould fetde among the Oliver Mahometans or Chineje, fhould we not think that the Protffi<"r- -Government of thofe Countries, oiight to protect them vj-ys,,* in their Religion as long as they .invaded no. Man's Property, and . behaved with a dutiful; Obedience -and Submiffion to the Government Under which they lived ? Why then fhould Chriftians deny others the fame Li berty ? ! , ' The Protector and his Council were in larger Senti- Proteaor ments of Liberty, as will appear hereafter. •¦-. Mr. Bax-f<>runi'ver' ter fays, the Protector and his Friends gave out, That^^ L"- they could not uhderftand what '¦-. the. Magiftrates had to j\, do in Matters oj Religion ; they thought that] all Men foould be left to the Liberty ofi their own Confidences, and that the Magifirate could not- interpoje without en- finaring himfelf in the Guilt' ofi Per fiecution. And were not thefe noble and generous Sentiments, though the Par^ liament could not be brought into them ? His Highnefs therefore, in his Speech at their Diffolution, reproaches them in thefe Words ; " How proper is it to la- Life of " bour for Liberty, that Men fhould not be trampled Crom™- " upon for their Confciences ? Had we not lately la- " boured under the Weight of Perfecution ; and is it " fit then to fit heavy upon others ? Is it ingenuous to ** afk Liberty and not to give it ? What greater Hy^ " pocrify, than' for thofe. who were oppreffed by the " Bifhops to become the greateft Oppreffors themfelves " fo foon as their Yoke is removed ? I could wifh, " that they who call for Liberty now alfo, had not too " much of that Spirit, if the Power were \n their *S Hands. As for prophane Perfons, Blafphemers, " fuch as preach Sedition, Contentious Railers, Evil- " Speakers, who feek by evil Words to corrupt good " Manners; and Perfons of loofe Convention, Pu-. " nifhment from the Civil Magifirate ought to meet- "i with them ; becaufe if thefe pretend Confidence, yet " walking disorderly, and npt according, but contrary "• to the Gofpel and natural Light, they are judged of H all, and their Sins being open, make them the. " h 3 y Sub-: 102 The H I S T 0 R Y Vol.IV. Oliver « Subject of the Magiftrates Sword, who ought not Prouaor. « t0 bear k jn yain „ *J-y^ Agreeable to thefe Principles, Dr. George Bates, an eminent Royalift, and a great Enemy of Cromwei's, writes, " That the Protector indulged the Ufe of the «' Common Prayer in Families, and in private Con- " venticles ; and tho' the Condition of the Church of *' England was but melancholy, yet (fays the Doctor) " it cannot be denied, but they had a great deal more " Favour and Indulgence than under the Parliament ; " which would never have been interrupted had they " not intuited the Protector, and forfeited their Lir " berty by their feditious Practices, and Plottings " againft his Perfon and Government." The Approbation of publick Minifters had been hi therto referved to the feveral Prefbyteries in City and Country ; but the Protector obferving fome Inconve nience "in this Method, and not being willing to entruft the Qualification of Candidates all over England to a Number of Presbyterians only, who might admit none but thofe of their own Perflation, contrived a middle Way of joining the feveral Parties together, and intrufting the Affair with certain Commiffioners of each Denomination, Men of as known Abilities and Inte- BaxterV grity (fays he) as any the Nation has. This was done Life, by an Ordinance of Council, bearing Date March 20. P- 72, 1653-4. the Preamble to which fets forth, " That alpoi^ntinl" whereas for fome Time paft, there had not been any Commifft- " certain Courfe eftablifhed for fupplying vacant Pla- ' oners for " ces with able and fit Perfons to preach the Gofpel, Afffffa'uh " by Reafon whereof the Rights and Titles of Patrons ft»« ojpu - tc were prejU(jjcec}5 ancj many weak, fcandalous, popifh, Preachers. " and ill affected Perfons had intruded themfelves, or Scobel, " been brought in; for Remedy of which it is ordain^ P- 279- " ed, by his Highnefs the Lord Protector, by and with " the Confent of his Council, that every Perfon who " fhall, after the 25th of March, 1654. be prefented, " nominated, chofen, or appointed to any Benefice *' with Care of Souls ; or to any publick fettled Le- 2 " cture Chap.III. ff/"^ Puritans. 103 " cture in England or Wales, fhall, before he be ad- Oliver '« mitted, be examined and approved by the Perfons Prot'aor- " hereafter named, to be a Perfon, for the Grace of \^-*Xs " God in him, his holy and unblameable Convex ** fation, as alfo for his Knowledge and Utterance, " able and fit to preach the Gofpel." Among the Commiffioners were eight or nine Laymen, the reft Minifters ; their Names were, Francis Roufie, Efq; Alderman Titchbourne, Mark Hildejley, Efq; Thomas Wood, Efq; John Sadler, Efq; William Goffe, Efq; Thomas St. Nicholas, Efq; William Packer, Efq; Edward Creffet, Efq; The Reverend Dr. John Owen, Dr. Thomas Goodwin, Dr. Arrowfimitb, Dr. Tuckney, Dr. Horton, Thankful Owen, M. A, Mr. Jofieph Caryl, Mr. Philip Nye, Mr. William Carter, Mr. Sydrach Simpfion, The Reverend Mr. William Greenhill, Mr. William Strong, Dr. Thomas Manton, Mr. Samuel Slater, Mr. William Cooper, Mr. Stephen Marfoall, John Tombes, B. D. Mr. Walter Craddock, Mr. Samuel Fairclougb, Mr. Hugh Peters, Mr. Peter Sterry, Mr. Samuel Bamfiord, Tho. Valentine, of Cha- fiord, B.D. Mr. Henry Jefifie, Mr. Obadiah Sedgwick^ Mr. Nicolas Lockyer, Mr. Dan. Dike, Mr. James Ruffiel, Mr. Nath. Campfield. Thefe were commonly called Tryers; in all Thirty eight; of whom fome were Prefbyterians, others Independants, and two or three were Baptifts. Any Five were fufficient to approve ; but no Number under Nine had power to reject a Perfon as unqualifi ed. In cafe of Death, or Removal of any of the Com miffioners, their Numbers were to be filled up by the Protector and his Council ; or by the Parliament if H 4 fitting. i®4 The HISTORY^ Vol.IV. Oliver, fitting, r But-fome of the Prefbyterian Divines declined Proteaor. aQ-jng. for'- want of a better Authority ; or " becaufe •s-^V^L/ they did not . like the Company ; though the Authori- Scobel. ty was as good as any thefe Times' could produce till P- 366- the next Seffions of Parliament. By an Ordinance of Sept. 2. 1654.. I find -the Reverend Mr.' John Rowe, Mr. John Bond, Mr. George Griffith of the Charter Houje, Mr. John Turner, and -Godjrey- Bojville, Efq; ¦ added to the Commiffioners above-mentioned. their In- To fuch as were approved, the Commiffioners gaye, firuSkns. ar^ fnfirument in writing under a Common Seal for that Purpofe, by virtue of which they* were put into as full .Poffeffion of the Living to which they were nomi nated or chofen, as- if they had been admitted by In- ftitution and Induction' of a Bifhop. ¦ It was further provided, That ail Who prefented themfelves for Approbation fhould produce a Certifi cate figned by three Perfons at leaft of known Integri ty, one of whom to be a Preacher of the Gofpel in fome fettled Place, teftifying on their pefforial Know ledge, the holy and good Converfatibh of the Perfon to be admitted ; which Certificate was to be regifter'd and filed. . And, All Penalties for not jubficribing, or reading the Articles ofi Religion, according to the Aft ofi 13th Ehz. were to.teafe and be void. And for as mutih as fome Perfons might have been preferr'd to Livings within the faff Twelvemonth, when there was no fettled Method of Approbation, the Ordinance looks- back, and ordains, " That 00 " Perfon who had been placed in any Benefice or Le- " cture fince April 1. 1653. fhould be allowed to con- " tinue in it, unlefs he got himfelf approved by the " 24th of June, or at furtheft the' 23d of July, " 1654." Remarks. 'Tis qbfervable, that this Ordinance provides no Se curity for die Civil Government, the Commiffioners not being impowered to adminifter an Oath of Allegi ance or Fidelity to the Protector. By this Means fome pf the fequefter'd Clergy taking Advantage of the Act of Chap.III. of the Puritans. 105 of Oblivion in 1 651. paffed their Trials before the Oliver Commiffioners and returned to their Livings. The Pro- Prot^m rector being advifed of this Defect, by Advice of his vj-.^ x^ Council, publifhed an Additional Ordinance, Sept. ~ . Addition- 1654. requiring the Commiffioners not to give Ad-f/CW;. miffion to any who had been fequeft^r'd from their na"€e- Ecclefiaftical Benefices for Delinquency j 'till by Expe- co^e'» rience of their Conformity, ' and Subrhiffibn to the pre-"' fent Government, his Highnejs and his, Council fhould be fatisfied of their Fitnefs to be admitted into Ecclefi aftical Promotions ; and the fame to be fignified to the faid Commiffioners. Both thefe Ordinances were con firmed by Parliament in the Year 1656. with this Provifo, " That the Commiffioners appointed by his " Highnejs in the Intervals of Parliament fhould after- " wards be confirmed by the fucceeding Parliament." Another Defect in the Ordinance was, that it did not appoint fome Standard or Rule for the Tr- y e rs fo go by ; this would have taken off- all Odium from them felves, and prevented a great many needlefs Difputes ; but as Matters now flood, Mens Qualifications were! perhaps left too much to the arbitrary Opinions and Votes of the Commiffioners. After Examination they ¦ gave the Candidate a Copy of the Prefentation in thefe Words'; « Know all Men by thefe Prefents, that theCalamy, ','' - — '¦ Day of ¦ in the Year — - — there wasVo1- ll° '< exhibited to the Commiffioners for -Examination pfp" H7k "'publick Minifters, a Prefentation of Mr. — ¦r~*: " to the Rectory of — — -— - in the County of ~. " made to him by Mr.- — . — -the Patron' thereof, " under his Hand' and Seal, together ..with a Tefti mo-. " hy of his holy and godly Coriverfation. Upon Per- [ " ufal, arid due Confideration of the Premifes, and', " finding him to be a Perfon qualified, as in and by' " the Ordinance for fuch Qualifications ris required, the-, " Commiffioners "above-mentioned have, adjudged and " approved the faid. Mr.— — - — to be- a fit Perfon to. " preach the Gofpel, and have granted him, 'Admiffiqn, *' and do admit 'the faid Mr. to the Rectory of « — - afore- 106 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver « — ^— . aforefaid, to be full and perfect Poffeffor Proteaor. cc ^d incurnbent thereof: And do hereby fignify to \^Xj " a^ Perf°ns concerned therein, that he is hereby in- ^^^ « titled to all the Profits and Perquifites, and to all " Rights and Dues incident and belonging to the faid *' Rectory as fully and effectually as if he had been " inftituted and inducted according to any fuch Laws *' and Cuftoms as have in this Cafe formerly been made " or ufed 'in this Realm. In Witnefs whereof they " have caufed the Common Seal to be hereunto affix- " ed, and the fame to be attefted by the Hand of the *' Regifter, by his Highnefis in that Behalf appointed. " Dated* at : — • the — — Day of———— in the « Year (L. S.) John Nye, Reg. Com- Loud Complaints have been made againft thefe plaints a- Tryers ; Mr. Collier objects to their being Eight, gainft the Laymen among the Commiffioners, and that any Five ^er5' having Power to act, it might fometimes happen that none but fecular Men might determine the Qualifica tions of fuch who were to preach and adminifter the Sacraments. Mr. John Goodwin, an Independant Divine of Ar- minian Principles, fays, the Tryers made their own narrow Calvinian Sentiments in Divinity the Door of Admiffion to all Church Preferments ; and that their Power was greater than that of the Bifhops, becaufe the Laws had provided a Remedy againft their arbi trary Proceedings, by a Quare impedit ; or if the Bi fhop might determine abfolutely of the Qualifications of the Candidate or Clerk to be admitted' into a Li ving, yet thefe Qualifications were fufficiently fpecifi^ ed, and particularized in the Ecclefiaftical Laws or Canons, and the Bifhop might be obliged, by due Courfe of Law, to affign the Reafons of his Refufal ; whereas the Determinations of thefe Commiffioners for Approba-, Hon were final ; nor were they obliged fo much as to fpe- cify Chap.III. of the Puritans. 107 cify any Reafon for their rejecting any Perfon, but on- Oliver ly their Vote, not approved. Proteaor. It was further complained of as a very great Hard- ,J-yt^, fhip, that " there was but one Set of Tryers for the " whole Nation, who refided always at London, which *' muft occafion great Expence, and long Journies, " to fuch as lived in the remoter Countries." But to remedy this Inconvenience, Dr. Walker fays, they ap- Walker, pointed Sub-Commiffioners in the remoter Countries. P" *72- And (according to Mr. Baxter) if any were unable to come to London, or were of doubtful Qualifications, the Commiffioners of London ufed to refer them to fome Minifters in the Country where they lived ; and upon their Teftrmonial they approved or rejected them. But the Reader fees how impoffible it was to pleafe the feveral Parties ; when there were no Tryers the Com plaint was, that the Pulpit Doors were left open to all In truders, and now they cannot agree upon any one Method of Approbation. But it muft be left with the Reader, Whether a Bifhop and his Chaplain, or a Claffis of Prefbyters, or the prefent Mixture, was moft eligible ? The chief Objections againft thefe Tryers has Objeahnt been to the Manner of executing their Powers. Bi-^"> (hop Kennet fays, " That this holy Inquifition was^**^*" «' turned into a Snare to catch Men of Probity and Qq'\. " Senfe, and found Divinity, and to let none efcape but jail " ignorant, bold, canting Fellows; for thefe Tryers p. 209, .*' ( fays the Bifhop ) afked few or no Queftions in " Knowledge or Learning, but only about Converfion, " and the Grace of God in the Heart, to which the " readieft Anfwers would arife from Infatuation in " fome, and the Trade of Hypocrify in others. By " this Means the Rights of Patronage were at their " Pleafure, and the Character and Abilities of Divines " whatever they pleafed to make them, and Churches " were filled with little Creatures of the State." But the Bifhop has produced no Examples of this ; nor were any of thefe canting little Creatures turn'd out for Infufficiency at the Reftoration. Dr. George Bates, an i'c# The H I S TO R Y Vol. IV. Oliver '..ah eminent Royalift, with a tittle more Temper and Proteaor. 'Modefty, fays, " That they enquired more narrowly vj--v~^/ " into; their Affection to the prefent Government, and s^** " into the internal Marks and Characters of the Gracd : " of God in their Hearts, than info -their Learning; by " which* means many ignorant Laicks,Mechanicks, and . " Pedlars, were admitted to Livings, when Perfons of " greater Merit were rejected." But it muft be obferved again, that as bad as they were^ not one of thefe- Mecba~\ nicks. or Pedlars who conformed at the Reftoration was ejected for Irifufficiency. When the Commiffioners had fo do with Perfons of known1 Learning, Sobriety, reputed Orthodoxy, and a peaceable Behaviour, they: made but little Enquiry into the Mark/ of their Con- verfion; as appears by the Example of Mr. Fuller' the Hiftorian, who being prefented to a Living was - approved by the Tryers, without giving any othef>; Evidence of the Grace of God in him- than this, That he made Confidence of his Thoughts. - -t • Their Pro- Dr. Walker has publifhed the Examinations'-of two cuttings, or three Clergymen, who were notorious for their Ma- }- lignity and Difaffection to the Government, whom the Commiffioners puzzlfd With dark and abftrufe Que ftions in. Divinity, that they might -fet them afide, . without having Recourfe to their political Principles ; ' for when they had private intimations, ¦ of notorious Malignant s to come before them, they frequently had recourfe to this Method ; though 'tis not' unlikely but that upon fome other Occafions, they might lay too great ftrefs upon the internal Characters of Regenera tion, 'which depend entirely upon the Integrity of the ' Refpondent. But I believe not a fingle Inftance can be produced, of any that were rejected without being firft convicted either of Immorality, of obnoxious Sen timents in the Sscinian or Pelagian Controverfy, or of Difaffection to the prefent Government. Mr. Sadler, who was prefented to a Living in Dorfetfoire, but re jected by the Tryers, publifhed his Examination in a Pamphlet, which he calls, Inauifitio Anglicana,'where~ Chap.III. of the P u ri tan s. , 109 in he endeavours fo expofe the Commiffioners in a very Oliver ridiculous - Manner ; ' but Mr. John. Nye, Clerk to tfie Proteaor! Commiffioners, followed him with an Anfwer, in- i^J^j titled, Sadler examined; or, His Difiguifie . difcovered : ^th. Ox. Shewing the grofs Miftakes, and moft notorious Falfe-p. 370. hoods in his Dealings with the Commiffioners for Ap probation of publick Preachers, in his Inquifitio An- glicana. To which Mr. Sadler never replied. Doctor George Bates, and Dr. Walker have charged the Tryers with Simony, upon no other Proof, but that Hugh Peters faid once to Mr. Camplin, a Clergyman of Somerfietfoire, upon his applying to him, by .a Friend, for Difpatch, Has thy Friend any Money ? A flender Proof of fo heavy a Charge. They that are acquainted with the jocofe Converfation of Hugh Pe ters, will not wonder at fuch an Expreffion. But I re fer the Reader back to the Names and Characters of the Commiffioners, moft of whom were Men of un- queftionable Probity, for a fuffiqient Anfwer to this Calumny. No doubt but the Tryers. might commit fundry Remarks'. Miftakeg, which it was impoffible to avoid in their Station. I am far from vindicating all their Proceed ings ; they had a difficult Work on their Hands, and were to deal with Men, of different Principles in Reli gion and Politicks ; and thofe who were not approv'd, would of courfe complain. Had this Power been lodged with the Bifhops of thefe Times, or their Chap lains ; or with the- high Prefbyterians, would they, not have had their Shibboleth, for which ill natur'd Men might have called them an Holy Inquifit ion? But Mr. Baxter has given a very fair and candid Account, £>f them ; his Words are thefe,' " Becaufe this Affembly Mr. Bax- " of Tryers is moft heavily accufed and reproached by tefs °f~ " fome Men, I fhall fpeak the Truth of them, and*^^ " fuppofe my Word will be taken, becaufe moft of^^ " them took me for one of their boldeft Adverfaries : Life, "The Truth is, .though' their Authority was null, p. 7 2- " and though fome few over rigid and over bufy Inde- " pendants no The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver " pendants among them were too fevere againft all Prouaor. cc that were Arminians, and too particular in enqui- yJ~L^ " ring after Evidences of Sanctification in thofe whom " they examined ; and fomewhat too lax in admitting " of unlearned and erroneous Men, that favour'd An- " tinomianifim or Andbaptifim ; yet, to give them their " due, they did abundance of good to the Church. " They faved many a Congregation from ignorant, " ungodly, drunken Teachers, that Sort of Men who *' intend no more in the Miniftry than to fay a Ser- " mon, as Readers fay their Common Prayers on Sun- " days, and all the reft of the Week go with the " People to the Ale-houfe and harden them in Sin ; *' and that Sort of Minifters who either preached " againft a holy Life, or preached as Men that were " never acquainted with it : Thefe they ufually reject- " ed, and in their ftead admitted of any that were " able, ferious Preachers, and lived a godly Life, of " what tolerable Opinion foever they were ; fo that " though many of them were a little partial for the " Independants, Separatifts, Fifth Monarchy Men, " and Anabaptifts, and againft the Prelatifts and Ar- «' minians, yet fo great was the Benefit above the " Hurt which they brought to the Church, that many " Thoufands of Souls blefs'd God for the faithful Mi- *' nifters whom they let in, and grieved when the Pre- *' latifts afterwards caft them out again." The Commiffioners were not empowered to look further back than one Year before the Date of the Or dinance that conftituted them. All that were in Poffef- fion of Livings before that Time were out of their Reach ; nor would the Protestor have given thefe any Difturbance, had he not received certain Information of their ftirring up the People to join the Infurrection that was now on foot for the Reftoration of the King. They continued fitting at Whitehall till the Protector's Death, or the Year 1659. and were then difcontinued. But to humble the Clergy yet further, and keep them within the Bounds of their fpiritual Function, his High- nefs, Chap.III. of the Vuri tans. in nefs, by the Advice of his Council, publifhed an Or- Oliver dinance, bearing Date Aug. 28. 1654. entided, AnProte,3or- Ordinance for ejecting ficandalous, ignorant, and infiufi- vJJ^t^, ficient Minifters and School-Mafters. The Ordinance Ne i?4 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Oliver fommoned Dr. Pordage, Rector of Bradfield, to ap- Pronaor. pear before them at Speenham Land, near Newbury, s^-yl^j to anfwer to divers Articles of Blafiphemy and Herefiy. After feveral Days hearing, and Witneffes produced on both Sides, the Commiffioners determined Dec. 8. 1 654. that the faid Doctor was guilty of denying the Deity of Chrift ; the Merits of his precious Blood and Paffion ; and feveral other dangerous Opinions. 'Tis further declared under the Hands of fix of the Com miffioners, and a fufficient Number of Minifters their Affiftants, that the faid Doctor was ignorant, and in- fufficient for the Work of the Miniftry ; it is therefore ordered, that the faid Doctor be, and he is hereby ejected out of the Rectory of Bradfield, and the Profits thereof; but the faid Commiffioners do grant him Time, till the 2d of February, to remove himfelf, his Family, his Goods and Chattels, out of the faid Parfonage Houfe ; and further Time to remove- his Corn out of the Barns, till the 2 5th of March. The Oxford Hittorian fays, this Pordage was a Dr. by Charientifmus, and had been Preacher of St. Law rence Church in Reading before he came to Bradfield. That he was a myftick Enthufiaft, and ufed to talk of the Fiery Deity ofi Chrift dwelling in the Soul, and mixing it Jelj with our Flefo. He dealt much in Aftrology, and pretended to converfe with the World of Spirits. After his Ejectment he writ againft the Commiffioners a Pamphlet, entitled, Innocency appear ing ; which was anfwered by Mr. Chriftopher Fowler, Vicar of St. Mary, Reading, in his Dem'onium Meri- dianum. However, the Doctor was reftored to his Living at Bradfield at the Reftoration. And Mr. The Wiltfoire Commiffioners fummoned Mr. Wal- Bulhnel. Ur Bufonel, Vicar of Box, near Malmsbury, before them, to anfwer to a Charge of Drunkennefis, Propha- nation ofi the Sabbath, Gaming, and Difiaffeclion to the Government ; and after a full Hearing, and Proof upon Oath, they ejected him. The Vicar prepared for the Prefs a Narrative of the Proceedings of the Com- Chap.III. of the Pu r i tans. 115 Commiffioners appointed by O. Cromwel for ejecting Oliver' fcandalous and ignorant Minifters, in the Cafe of" Wal- Proteaor: ter Bufonel, &c. but it was not printed, till the King's ^^Xj Reftoration ; and even then the Commiffioners did ^*^ themfelves Juftice in a Reply, which they called, A Vindication of the Marlborough Commiffioners, by the Commiffioners themfelves. And Dr. Chambers, who was reproached by the faid Bujhnel, did himfelf Juftice in a diftinct Vindication. However, the Vicar was.reftored to his Vicarage in a Lump with the reft at the Reftoration. Upon the Whole, the induftrious Dr. Walker fays, he can find no Footfteps of the Numbers of Clergy that were ejected by the Commiffioners, tho' he ima gines they might be confiderable. But I am well fa- tisfied, there were none of any Character ; for there were not a great many zealous Loyalifts in Poffeffion of Livings at this Time ; and thofe that were, had the Wifdom to be filent about publick Affairs, while they faw the Eyes of the Government were upon them in every Corner of the Land. The Commiffioners conti nued to act till fome Time after the Protector's Death, and were a greater Terror to the Fanaticks, than to the regular Clergy of any Denomination. The Protector and his Council paffed another Ordi- Commiffl- nance, Auguft 30. for the Service of Wales, appoint- 0™rsfor ing Sir Hugh Owen, and about Eighteen other Com-gcobe/ miffioners, for the fix Counties of South Wales, withp, 3/7" the County of Monmouth ; and Matthew Morgan, with about Twelve other Commiffioners, for the fix Coun ties of North Wales ; any Three of which were em- powerd to call before them, all fuch, who by Autho rity of the Ail for propagating the Gofipel in Wales, had received, or difpofed of any of the Profits of the Rectories, Vicarages, Cifr. in that Principality ; and to give an Account upon Oath, of all fuch Rents and Profits ; and the Surplus Money in the Hands of the Commiffioners, to be paid into the Exchequer. I 2 To 116 The HISTORY Vol.IV. JWfor. .« T° fet.tnis Affair before die Reader in one View; W" 1654. " the Principality of Wales, by reafon of the Poverty of " . the People, and the fmall Endowments of Church Li- S ad State vmgs, was never welL fupplied with a learned or pi- Prtla °U\ CJergy i the People were generally very ignorant, lity. and but one remove from Heathens. In 164 1. a Pe- Calamy's "u°ri was prefented to the King and Parliament, which Comp. declares, That there were not fo many confcientious of Church and conftant Preachers in Wales as there were Coun- fenters ?$ ' and that thefe were either fenced, or much per fected. The Civil Wars had made their Condition worfe ; for as they generally adhered to the King, and received great Numbers of Irijb Papifts into their Country, their Preachers went into his Majefty's Ser vice, or fled from their Cures, when the Parlia- t'lT^ent1_F?rCes took Ponton of it. After the King's gating the Death the Parliament paffed the Ordinance already Gofpelin mentioned, for the better propagating the Preachino- Wales, of the Gofpel in Wales, and for ejecting fcandalous Calamy's Minifters and School-Mafters, and for Redrefs of fome of°ChurchGnevanceLS;/ bears Date Feb- 22' l649- and em- andDif- P?we.rs the Commiffioners therein mentioned, or any ienters. t welve of them, to receive and difpofe of all and fin- p. 46. gular Rents, Ifihes, and Profits of all Ecclefiaftical Livings, Impropriations, and Glebe Lands, within SC fe , Countles' which then were, or afterwards fhould be under Sequeftration, or in the Difpofal of the Parliament, and out of them to order and appoint a conftant yearly Maintenance for fuch Perfons as fhould be recommended, and approved for the Work ? 1! \ 3Th °r Education of Children ; and for foch other Minifters as were then refiding in the faid Counties. The Ordinance to continue in Force for three Years, from March 25. 1650. By virtue of this Ordinance many were ejected, but not_ all, for in Montgomeryfidre Eleven or Twelve re mained, as did feveral in other Counties ; but all that were ejected were for manifeft Scandal. After this, Complaints being made, that the People were turning Papifts Chap.III. c/A Puritans. 117 Papifts or Heathens., for want of the Word of God, fe- Oliver veral were fent into Montgomery/hire, where there were P'otf3or- at lead Sixteen Preachers, of which Ten were Univerfity ^^JrA^, Men, the Meaneft of which were approved and fettled in Parifhes at the Reftoration. The Commiffioners were empowered to examine into the Behaviour of fuch as were reputed Ignorant, Infiujficient, Non-Refident, Scandalous, or Enemies to the prejent Government. And it being impoffible to fill up the vacant Livings with fuch as could preach in the Welch Language, the Revenues were to be collected and brought into a common Treafury, out of which one Hundred Pounds per Annum was to be given to fundry itinerant Preach ers in each County. Dr. Walker fays, that from the Account drawn up Numbers by the Commiffioners themfelves in April 1652. it ap-eJs^ee/- pears, that there had been ejected in South Wales, and Monmouthfoire, one Hundred feventy five Minifters ; that is, Fifty fix from the Year 1645. to the Time when this Act took place, and one Hundred and nine teen by the prefent Commiffioners. Mr. Vavajor Powel, who had a chief Hand in the Sequeftrations, fays, that by virtue of this Act between Fifty and Sixty of the old Clergy were difpoffeffed of their Livings when he writ. Upon the Whole, the Commiffioners who continued to act as long as the Protector lived, charge themfelves with between three Hundred and twenty, and three Hundred and thirty feveral and di- flinct Livings ; but there could not be an equal Num ber of fequefter'd Clergymen, becaufe in the Compafs of feven Years a great many muft die ; fome fled, or were killed in the Wars ; in many Parifhes the Tithes were not duly paid by reafon of the Confufion of the Times, and the Livings being but from Five to Ten, or Twenty Pounds a Year moft of the Incumbents were Pluralifts. It is computed that about one half of the Church Lands and Revenues in the Principality of Wales, by the feveral Accidents of Death, Defertion, Sequeftration, &c . fell into the Hands, of the Govern- I 3 menc 118 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver ment before the Expiration of this Ordinance in 1653. Proteaor. the Profits of v/hich, if duly collected, and paid, muft %Jr-ZXu amount to a very confiderable Sum. There were Thir teen Counties in North and South Wales within the Limits of the Commiffion ; but the largeft Sum that the Sequestrators and Agents charge themfelves with for the County of Brecknockjhire, in any one Year, till the Year 1658. when the Propagation had fubfift- ed eight Years, is one Thoufand five hundred forty three Pounds, by which the Reader may make a tole rable Computation of the Whole ; and if we may be- p. 518. Meve Mr. Whitlock, who lived through thefe Times, that in the Year 1653. there were one Hundred and fifty good Preachers in the Thirteen Welch Counties, moft of whom preached Three or Four Times a Week ; that in every Market Town there was a School-Ma iler, and in moft great Towns two, able, learned, and Univerfity Men ; and that the Tithes were all employed to the Ufes directed by Act of Parliament, there can be no great Reafon to complain of the Neg-. ligence of the Commiffioners. Their The Crimes for which the old Clergy were ejected, Crimes. were Malignancy, hijuffideney, Drunkennefs, and Neg ligence of their Cures. Mr. Vavafor Powel fays, That of all the Men they had put out in North Wales, he knew not any that had the Power of Godlinefs, and very few the Form ; but that mofi ofi them were un- preaching Curates, or ficandalous in their Morals. The Commiffioners affirm, That ofi the Sixteen they had difpoffsffed in Cardiganfhire there were but Three that were Preachers, and thofe moft ficandalous Livers. And Mr. Baxter admits, That they were all weak, and bad enough for the mofi part. But the Writers on the other Side fay, That the Commiffioners had no re gard to Ability in Preaching, or Sobriety in Converfa- tion. And Dr. Walker thinks, the fequefter'd Welch Clergy need no other Vindication than to let the World know, That, many ofi them were Graduates in TT";verfiy ; -as if every Graduate muft of Courfe be poffeffed Chap.III. o/^fe Puritans. 119 poffeffed of all ministerial Qualifications. There might Oliver poffibly be fome few pious and induftrious Preachers P™1'30?- among the ejected Welch Clergy ; but they who will vJrJ^,/ argue very ftrenuoufly in favour of the Body of them, muft know very little of the Country, or their manner of Life. It was not in the Power of the Commiffioners to find^«> Me- a Succeffion of pious and learned Preachers in the Welchthfdo^' Language ; but to remedy this in the beft Manner tneY /acande/. could, they appointed Six itinerant Preachers of Uni verfity Education for each County, to whom they al lowed one Flundred Pounds per Annum ; betides which, they fent out Thirty two Minifters, of whom Twenty four were Univerfity Men, and fome of the reft good Scholars ; but thefe were too few for the Work, though they were indefatigable in their Pains. To fupply what was further wanting, they approved of feveral Gifted Laymen, Members of Churches, to travel into the Neighbourhood, and affift the Peoples Devotions, and to thefe they allowed from Seventeen to Twenty Pounds per Annum. In an Article of the Sequestrators Accompts there appears three Hundred and forty Pounds per An num distributed among godly Members of the Church of Lanvacles, and Mynthifi Loyn, who had been fent out to exercife their Gifts among the Welch Mountai neers, and to help forward the Work of the Lord. Many others of the fame Quality were approved by the Commiffioners, who went through great Difficulties and Hardfhips in their Work. Mr. Powel fays, that fome Hundreds, if not Thoufands, had been convert ed and reformed by the Propagators. But after all, it Calamy's muft be allowed, that at firft the Number of Itinerants, Comp. both Scholars and others, was by no means equal top' * their Work ; the Parifhes in that Mountainous Coun try are large and wide, and there being but one Itine rant to feveral of thofe Parifhes, the People muft be negle&ed, and their Children too much without Inftru- I 4 ction j 120 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver ction ; but this was owing to the Neceffity of the Proteaor. Times> * > \^y-^> When the Commiffioners had acted about two Petitions Years, a Petition was prefented to the Parliament by gainft the the Inhabitants of South Wales, figned by above Srs a Thoufand Hands, in favour of the old ejected Clergy, fettmg forth, The Numbers that had been difpoffeffed, and the Want of a competent Num ber of Preachers in their Places, upon which Account the Country was reduced to a very miferable Condi tion. They therefore pray the Houfe to take fome Gourfe for a future Supply of godly and able Preach ers ; and to call thofe Perfons to Account who had re- Walker S1V!? ^J* S"°fi;s °f Church Li™Ss int0 th«r 7x68 Pa"ds-- The Houfe received ^e Petition, and re- terr d it to the Committee for plunder' d Minifters, who were empowered to examine Witneffes, and to autho rize other Commiffioners in the Country to examine Witneffes upon Oath, touching the Matters contained in the Petition. The Committee order'd the Commif fioners to bring in their Accounts in a Months Time which they did accordingly. And the Petitioners were ordered to jjrve in the Particulars on which they defi red Witneffes might be examined, within two Days; but not being provided, they defired liberty to make good their Allegations in the Country; to which the Commiffioners willingly agreed. But this taking up fome Time, the Long Parliament was diffolved, and the Profecution of this Enquiry fufpended for the pre fent ; but as foon as the Protector was fixed in his Go vernment he publifhed an Ordinance, Aug. 20. 16.4 to bring the Propagators to an Account f purfuant to which tne Sequestrators and Treafurer for South Wales delivered in their Accounts for the Years 1650, i6ri 1652. which was all the Time the Ordinance was -in force ; and the Commiffioners appointed by the Pro tector having received and examined them, "after a full Enquiry allowed and paffed them, Aug. ip. }655, It Chap.III. e/A Puritans. 121 It is hard to exprefs with Decency, the Reproaches Oliver caft upon thefe Commiffioners by our angry Historians, Pr«tfaor' who have charged them with all manner of Corruption, vj^t^/ as if they had got great Eftates out of the Revenues of Further the Church, tho' without producing a fingle Example. Cow- Mr. Powel, who took more Pains among them thanilamt^ a' any Man of his Time, declares, that he never received^^ for all his Preaching in Wales, by Salary, above fix or feven Hundred Pounds ; that he never had any Thing from the Tithes. And whereas it was faid, That he had inriched himfelf by purchafing fome Thoufands a Year of Crown Lands, he protests, that he never purchafed above Seventy Pounds a Year, which he loft at the Reftoration. And if Mr. Powel did not inrich himfelf, I apprehend, none of his Bre thren could. Betides, if this had been true, the Prote ctor's Commiffioners would have difcovered them ; or if they had efcaped the Protector's Enquiry, their Enemies would have expofed them at the Reftoration, when King Charles appointed a Commiffion to make the ftrictefi Enquiry into their Management. " All Per-^"1?'* " tons who had acted as Commiffioners for propaga- .£ " ting the Gofpel, were by his Majefty's Instructions- *' to be fummoned before his Commiffioners ; and all " that had acted under them as Farmers, Tenants, &c. " all that had fucceeded in the fequefter'd Livings, or " received any of the Profits ; all Parifhioners, who " had kept any of the Tithes in their Hands ; the " Heirs, Executors, or Administrators, of any of " the aforefaid Perfons ; and all credible Perfons, who '.' could give Evidence of any of thefe Matters. They " were likewife to enquire after Books and Writings ; " and to fignify to all Perfons concerned, that if they '' would forthwith apply to his Majefty's Commiffi- " oners, they might compound for what they flood " charged with, and fo avoid the Expence of a Law '.' Suit." But after all this mighty Noife and Scrutiny nothing of any Confequence appeared, and therefore it was thought proper to drop the Commiffion, and bury the 122 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver the whole Affair in filence. Mr. Vavafior Powel, Proteaor. above-mentioned, was cruelly handled by the Welch ^^j Clergy, but he did himfelf Juftice in a Pamphlet, en- Walker titled, Examen & Purgamen Vavajoris, publifhed p. 149. 1653. wherein he vindicates his Proceedings in the Propagation. And when he was in the Fleet after the Reftoration, he publifhed a brief Narrative concerning the Proceedings of the Commiffioners in Wales againft the ejected Clergy, occafioned by a Report that he had been thrown into that Prifon for fome of the Revenues ; which was never anfwer'd. Ordinance By an Ordinance of September 2. Commiffioners fir uniting were appointed to enquire into the yearly Value of all fmall Li- Ecclefiaftical livings and Benefices without Cure of Ifoiding" Souk > what Perfon or Perfons received the Profits, greater, and who was the Patron ; and to certify the time into Scobel, Chancery ; and if upon a careful Confideration of P- 353- Things, it fhall be found convenient and advanta- gious, to unite two Parifhes or more into one, and that the whole Ecclefiaftical Revenues, Tithes, and Profits belonging to the faid Parifhes fo united, fhould be ap plied for a Provifion for one godly and painful Minifter, to preach in the faid united Parifhes, then the Truftees, or Commiffioners appointed by this Act fhall reprefent the fame to his Highness and Council, upon whofe Approbation they fhall, by an Inftrument under the Hands and Seals of any Five, or more of them, de clare, that they do thereby unite fuch Parifhes into one ; which Inftrument being enrolled in Chan eery, the faid Parifhes from thenceforth fhall be adjudged and taken to be confolidated into one. If there happen to be more Patrons than one in the Parifhes thus united, the Patrons fhall prefent by Turns; but the Union fhall not take Place till the Avoidance of one of the Livings by the Death of the Incumbent. On the other hand, where Parifhes were too large, the Truftees for the Augmentation of poor Livings were empowered to divide them into Two, or more, upon their Avoidance by Death. Fur- Chap.III. of the Puritan s. 123 Further, if when Two, or more Parifhes were uni- Oliver ted into. one, the Income or Salary did not amount to Proteaor. one Hundred Pounds per Annum, the Truftees for re- ^^-J^j ceiving Impropriations, Tithes, Firft Fruits, and Tenths, &c. were directed to make up the Deficien cy ; and where there was a confiderable Surplus they might take off the Augmentations formerly granted. Provided this Ordinance be not conftrued to restrain the faid Truftees from granting Augmentations to Preachers in Cities and Market Towns, where there fhall be caufe, to a greater Proportion, with the Con fent of the Protector and his Council. This was a noble and generous Defign ; and if the Protector had lived to have feen it executed, muft have been of ge neral Service to the Body of the Clergy. Though his Highness himfelf was no great Scho-Prote&or lar, he was a Patron of Learning and learned Men :for encou- He fettled one Hundred Pounds a Year on a Divinity rf£m£. Profeffor in Oxfiord ; and gave Twenty four rare Ma- -^hitl nufcripts to the Bodleian Library ; he erected and en-p. 588. dowed a College in Durham for the Benefit of the Northern Counties, Mr. Frankland, M. A. being one of the firft Fellows. But thefe, and fome other De- figns that he had formed for the Advancement of Learning, died with him. In order to fecure the Education of Youth he took care to regulate both Universities, by appointing new Visitors, the former ceafing with the Diffolution of the Long Parliament, viz. o For the Univerfity of Oxford, The Vice Chancellor for the Time being, Vifitorsfir the Uni- Dr. Harris, Prefident of Dr. John Owen, Dean of ^aith ; no Attempts were uneffayed by the Hift. ' Queen Mother, the Queen of France, and others, to p. 203. gain the young Duke of Glouceficr, who had been un- Kennet's der the Instruction of Parliamentary Tutors till the laft Chron. Year : But this young Prince was too well eftablifhed p' 599" in his Religion to be perverted at prefent, upon which the Queen forbid him her Prefence ; and the Marquifs of Ormond conducted him to his Brother at Cologn. The King was a Man of no Religion, and having little to do, devoted his leisure Hours to the Ladies, and Compl otIier Private Pleafures. His Majefty had fome Trial fiift (%s Bifhop Kennet) of his Confidence and Courage in p. 213. 2 refill- Chap.III. ef^fe Puritans. 127 refifting the little Arguments, or rather Importunities Oliver of Popery. The Papifts put him in mind, that all Proteaor. his Hopes from the Protestant Party were at an end ; si", that the Bifhops were dead, except a very few ; and s-^ the Church Lands fold ; and that fince the late Defeat at Worcefter the Prefbyterian Power was destroyed ; all his Hopes therefore muft be from the Roman Catho licks, from whofe Power and Affiftance only he could now hope for his Reftoration. But the Profpect was fo diftant, that the King, by Advice of Lord Clarendon, was prevailed with not to declare himfelf openly at prefent. On the laft of November died the learned Mr. John Death of Selden, the Glory of the Englifo Nation : He was born Mr- Sel" in Suffex, Dec. 16. 1584. and educated in Hart Hall, den' Oxjord, after which he was tranfplanted to the Inner ' x' Temple, where he became a Prodigy in the moft un common Parts of Learning. He was a great Philolo- gift, Antiquary, Herald, Linguift, Statefman, and Lawyer, but feldom appeared at the Bar. He was chofen Burgefs for feveral Parliaments, where he fhew- ed his profound Learning in Speeches and Debates for the Liberty of the Subject ; for which he was impri- foned, and (everely fined with Mr. Pym in the Parlia ments of 161 8, and 1628. He was chofen again in the Long Parliament, and appeared againft the Pre rogative, as he had formerly done. He was one of the Laymen in the Affembly of Divines, and by his vaft Skill in the Oriental Learning, and Jewifo Anti quities, frequently puzzled the moft able Divines. He writ many learned Works, which gained him the Title among Foreigners, of the Dictator ofi Learning in the Englifh Nation. Among other remarkable Writings of our Author we may reckon his Hifiory cf Tithes, publifhed 1618. in which he proves them not to be due to the Chriftian Clergy by Divine Inftitu- tion : For this he was fummoned before the High Commiffion Court, and obliged to make a publick Re cantation, But after fome Time his Reputation was fo 128 The til STORY VoI.IV. Oliver fo great, that it was thought worth while to gain him Proteaor. over tQ tjie QjUrt ; and upon the new Civilities he re- ^^yio ceived at Lambeth, he was prevailed with to publifh his Mare Claujum againft Hugo Grotius, which was efteemed fuch an invaluable Treafure, that it was or dered to be laid up in the Court of Records. The Archbifhop offer'd him Preferments, but he would accept nothing. Upon the firft Preffures againft the Bifhops he publifhed his Eutychius in Greek and La tin, with Notes, in which he proves, that Bifhops and Presbyters differ only in degree. He afterwards an- fwered his Majefty's Declaration about the Commiffion of Array, and was made Mafter of the Rolls by the Long Parliament. He had a large and curious Li brary of Books, in the Frontifpiece of each he ufed to write this Motto, rise/ tra.v]ot iKiv^Actv, Above all, Liberty. At length, being worn out with Age, and hard Sttfdy, he died at his Houfe in the White Fryars, aged Seventy Years, and was magnificently buried in the Temple Church on the South Side of the round Walk, according to the Direclory, in the Pre fence of all the Judges, fome Parliament Men, Bench ers, and great Officers. His Funeral Sermon was preached by Archbifhop Ufoer, who acknowledged he was not worthy to carry his Books after him. His Works are lately collected, and printed together in fix Volumes, Folio. Of the Re- jyrr> Thomas Gataker was born in London, 1574. iwT'ba- and was educated m St. John's College, Cambridge, taker. where he proceeded M. A. and was afterwards re moved to Sidney College, where he became remark able for his Skill in the Hebrew and Greek Languages. After his Ordination he was chofen Minifter of Lin coln's Inn, and continued in that Station ten Years ; but in the Year 161 1. he was prefented to the Re ctory of Rotherhithe, where he continued till his Death. In the Year 1643. he was chofen a Member of the Affembly of Divines, and was an Ornament and Re putation to it. When the Earl of Manchefier vifited and Chap. HI. of the PuritA^s; \2§ and* reformed the Univerfity of Cambridge, he offered Oliver Mr. Gataker the Mafterfhip of Trinity College, but he Proteaor; ¦refufed it on the Account of his Health. Mr. Gate- J^t^ ker was a very learned Man, and a confiderable Cri- ^ ; tick and Linguift, as appears by his Writings, Which were very numerous, confidering his infirm State of Health. He was a conftant Preacher ; of a moft holy and exemplary Life, but withal, of great Modefty. It is hard, fays Mr. Eachard, to fay, which was moft remarkable, fiis exemplary Piety and Charity, his polite Literature, or his Humility and Modefty in re futing Preferments. He maintained a Correfpondence with Salmqfius, Hornbeck, and other learned Foreign ers, and was in high Efteem both at Home and in the Low Countries, where he had travelled. He died of Age, and a Complication of Infirmities, July 27. 1654. in the Eightieth Year of his Age. Mr. William Strong was educated in Katherme Hall, Of Mrl Cambridge, of which he was Fellow. He was after- Str°n^ ' Wards Rector of More Chrichel in Dcrfietfoire, where 2\ %*' he continued till he was forced to fly firom the Cava- liers ; he then came to London and was chofen one of the Affembly of Divines, and Minifter of St. Dunftan's, in the Weft. After tome, Time he became Preacher at Weftminfter Abbey, where he died fuddenly, in the Vigor of Life, and was buried in the Abbey Churchy July 4. 1 654. His Funeral Sermon was pf eached by Mr. Ob. Sedgwick, who fays, That he was fo plain in Heart, fo deep in Judgment, fo painful in Study,- fo exact in Preaching ; and in a Word, fo fit for all the Parts of the Minifterial Service, that he did not know his Equal. But after the Reftoration his Bones were dug up, and removed to St. Margaret's Church Yard, with thofe of other eminent Prefbyterian Divines. He publifhed feveral Sermons, and Theological Treatifes in his Life time ; and after his Death there was a Pofthumous orie' upon the Covenants, in the Preface to which Mr. TheO- pbilus Gale fays, That the Author was a Wonder Of Nature for natural Parts, and a Miracle of Grace for' Vol. IV. K U§ HQ The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Oliver his deep Infight into the more profound Mysteries of ,654? the GofPel- Hi.s Thoughts were fublime, but clear %,^-V-^and penetrating,' efpecially in interpreting difficult Texts. Perrf *"' Mr' An^rm Pern> was educated in Cambridge, and from thence removed to Welby in Northamptonshire, where he continued a zealous, laborious, and fuccefsfol Preacher for Twenty feven Years. In the Year 1 643. he was chofen a Member of the Affembly of Divines at Weftminfter. When he was at Londdn he was offer ed feveral confiderable Preferments, but refufed them, refolving to return to his People at Welby, who ho noured him as a Father ; for by his awakening Ser mons, and exemplary Life and Converfation, he ac- complifhed a great Reformation of Manners in the Mr. Ainf-Town. He was full, of fpiritual Warmth (fays the worth. Writer of his Funeral Sermon) filled with an holy In dignation againft Sin, active in his Work ; and never more in his Element than in the Pulpit. As his Life was holy, fo his Death was comfortable. He bleffed God that he was not afraid to die ; nay, he earneftly defired to be gone, often crying out, in his laft Sick- nefs, When will that Hour come ? One Affault more and this earthen Veffel will be broken, and I jhall be with God. He died the Beginning of December, 1 654. before he was arrived to the Age of Sixty. Of Dr. Dr. Samuel Bolton was educated in Cambridge, and goitcm. from. thence removed t0 the Living of St> Martim Lud_ gate. Upon his coming to the City he was chofen one of the additional Members of the Affembly of Divines, be ing a Perfon of great Name and Character for Learn ing, and practical Preaching. He was a burning and Aming Light (fays Mr. Clarke) an Interpreter one of a Thoufand, an admirable Preacher, and his Life was an excellent Commentary upon his Sermons. Upon ?f 2f5 ?f Dr' Bainhrig£e he was chofen Mafter of Lbrtfi s College, Cambridge, which he governed with great Wifdom and Prudence till his Death, which happen d about the 10th of Otlober, 1654. He was buried Cbap.lli. of the PuRitANSi 131 buried with great Solemnity in his Parifh Church of Oliver Ludgate on the 1 6th of the fame Month, very much Proteaor. lamented by the London Clergy of thofe Times. vJ-v"^/' Mr. Jer. Whitoker was born at Wakefield in Tork- op Mr. jhiYe, 1599. and educated in Sidney College, CtfTW-Whita- bridge, where he proceeded in Arts. He taught the^*. Free School at Okeham in Rutlandfoire Seven Years, and. then became Minifter of Stretton in the fame County, where he continued Thirteen Years. In 1643. he was nominated one of the Affembly of Divines at Weftminfter, which brought him to London, where he was ijhofen to the Rectory of St. Mary Magdalen Ber- mondjey, in Southwark. He preached Three or Four Sermons every Week ; two in Southwark,, one at Weftminfter, and one at Chrift Church, London. He never withdrew from any Opportunity of Preaching if he was in Health ; and though he preached often^ his Sermons were folid and judicious. He was an uni- verfal Scholar, both in Arts and Languages ; well ac quainted with the Fathers and Schoolmen, an acute Difputant, and inferior to none in his Acquaintance with the holy Scriptures. He was of the Presbyterian Perflation, and had a chief Hand in compofing the Defence of the Gofipel Miniftry, publifhed this Year by the Provincial Synod of London. He refufed the £»-» gagement, and lamented the Wars between England, Scotland, and Holland. No Man was more beloved by the Presbyterian Minifters of London than Mr. Whi toker. When he was feized with the violent and tor menting Pain of the Stone about the Beginning of No^ vember, many Days of Prayer and Fatting were kept for his Recovery, but the Distemper was incurable. He bore his Pains with uncommon Patience, fearing nothing more than to difhonour God by unreafonable Complaints. When his Distemper was moft violent he would defire his Friends to withdraw, that they might not be affected with his Roarings. At length Nature being quite fpent, he cheerfully refigned his Soul into the Hands of his Redeemer, about the Fifty- K 2 fifth The HISTORY Vol. IV. fifth Year of his Age. His Funeral Sermon was preached by Mr. Calamy, who gave him a large and deferved Encomium. ¦Mr, Rich. Mr. Richard Vines, of Whom mention has been Vines, made already, was born at Blazon in Leiceftcr/hire, Fuller's educated in Magdalen College, Cambridge, where he Worthies, commenced M^ At He was fitft School-Mafter at Hinckley, then Minifter of Weddington in Warwick- Jhire. At the Beginning of the Civil War he was dri ven from his Parifh, and forced to take Shelter in Co ventry. When the Affembly of Divines was called he was chofen one of their Number ; and, as Fuller fays, was the Champion of their Party. While he was at London he became Minifter of St. Clements Danes ; af terwards he removed to Watton in Hartfordfoire, and was chofen Mafter of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge, but refigned that, and his Living of St. Laurence Jewry, on account of the Engagement. He was a Son of Thunder, and therefore compared to Luther ; but moderate and charitable to them that differ'd from him in Judgment. The Parliament employed him in all their Treaties with the King ; and his Majefty, tho'' of a different Judgment, valued him for his Inge nuity, feldom fpeaking to him without touching his Hat, which Mr. Vines returned with moft refpectful Language and Gestures. He was an admirable Scho lar ; holy and pious in his Converfation, and indefati gable in his Labours, which wafted his Strength, and brought him into a Confumption, when he had lived but about Fifty fix Years. He was buried in his own Parifh Church, Feb. 7. 1655. his Funeral Sermon be ing preached by Dr. Jacomb, who gave him his juft Commendation. He was a perfect Mafter of the Geeek Tongue, a good Philologift, and an admirable Difputant. He was a thorough Calvinift, and a bold honeft Man without Pride or Flattery. Mr. Newcomen calls him Dijputator acutijfimus, concionator faliciffimus, Theologus eximius. Many Funeral Poems and Elegies were made upon his Death. The Chap.III. c/A Puritans. 133 The Protector having diffolved his fecond Parlia- Oliver ment without confirming their Acts, was obliged ft\\\Protcaor. to rely on the Military Arm ; this, together with the J-^., Insurrections in feveral Parts of the Country, induced The Prote- him for his greater Security to canton the Nation into- «/- Eleven Diftricts, and place over them Major Gene-P0!nfs Ma~ rals, whofe Commiffion was to infpect the Behavioui^ ,e'" . of the inferior Commiffioners within their Diftricts ; to commit to Prifon all fufpected Perfons ; to take care of collecting the publick Taxes ; and to fiquefter fuch as did not pay their Decimation. They were to enquire after all private Aflemblies of fufpicious Per fons, and after fuch as bought up Arms ; after Vaga bonds and idle Perfons ; after fuch as lived at an high er Rate than they could afford ; after fuch as frequent ed Taverns and Gaming Houfes, and after fcandalous and unlearned Minifters and School-Mafters ; and there was no Appeal from them but to the Protector and his Council. They were ordered to lift a Body of Re- Jerves both Horfe and Foot at Half-Pay, who were to be called together upon any hidden Emergency, and to attend fo many Days at their own Expencc, but if they were detained longer to have full Pay ; by which Means the Protector had a fecond Army in view if any Difafter fhould befal the firft ; but thefe Officers be came fo fevere and arbitrary, that his Highnejs found it neceffary after fome Time to reduce their Power, and when Affairs were a little more fettled to diffolve them. Having provided for the Security of his Govern- Enters /». ment at home, the Protector concluded an Alliance t0 anAlh- with France, Qclob. 23. in which it is remarkable, """ *""'* that Lewis XIV- is not allowed to ftile himfelf King of France, but King of the French, his Highnejs claiming the Protectorfhip of that Kingdom among his other Tides ; and which is more furprizing, the Name of Oliver ftands in the Treaty before that of the Frencfi King. " At the fame- Time he fent Admiral Blake with a Fleet into the Mediterranean, who (bread: K 3 the t 134 The HISTORY Vol.1 V, Oliver the Terror of the Englifo Name over all Italy, even to ,6?T Reme k fe,f' Proceffions being made, and the Hoft ' o-v"'., expofed for Forty Hours, to avert the Judgments of And fends Heaven,- and preferve the Patrimony of the Church. Ad. Blake But Blake's Commiffion was only to demand fixty kedker- Thoufand Poufids of the Duke of Tuficany, for Dama. janean. " ges fuftained by the Englifo Merchants while he har boured Prince Rupert, which he paid immediately. The Admiral releafed all the Englifo Slaves on the Coaft of Barbary to the Number of four Hundred, and obtained Satisfaction for the Ships taken by the Pirates of Algiers, Tunis, &c. Upon the Whole, he brought home fixteen Ships laden with Booty, which failed up the River Thames to the Port of London, as a grateful Spectacle of Triumph to the People. Jamaica ' While Blake was in the Mediterranean, Admiral taken front pen and Venables with Thirty Men of War, and fome the Spa- Lan(i Forces, failed to the Weft Indies, with a Defign to furprize the Town of Hijpaniola; but mifcarrying in the Attempt they re-imbarked and took Poffeffion of the Ifland of Jamaica, which is in Pofleffion of the Crown of Great Britain to this Day. The Protector did not commiffion Blake to affault the Spanifo Coafts in the Mediterranean, becaufe there was no open Rupture between the two Nations in Europe ; but the Weft Indies not being included in the Treaty, he1 thought himfelf at liberty in thofe Parts ; which occafioned a Declaration of War, on the Part of Spain, with all the Englijh Dominions ; upon which Blake was Ordered to cruife upon the Spanijh Coafts, and to wait for the Return of the Plate Fleet, of whicli he gave a very good Account the next Summer. To fupport thefe additional Expences the Protector, by Adviee of his Council, raifed fome extraordinary Taxes before the Parliament met, which he knew to be illegal, and did not pretend to juftify on any other Foot than the abjolute Neceffity oj "the publick Safety, the diftraRed Condition of the Nation ; that it was itn- iratlicabk in the firejent Junclure to call a Parlia ment, Chap.III. c/^ Puritans. 135 ment, or to proceed in the ordinary Courfie ofi Law ; Oliver and that in extraordinary Cajes, wherein all was atProt^aaF" ftake, Jome extraordinary Methods were allowable. How .J^A^ far this Reafoning will excufe the Protector, or vindi cate his Conduct, muft be left with the Reader. But 'tis agreed on all Hands, that in Things that did not affect the very Being of his Government he never in- terpofed, but let the Laws have their free Courfe. He had a Zeal for Trade and Commerce beyond all his Predeceffors, and appointed a flanding Committee of • Merchants for promoting it, which met, for the firft Time, in the Painted Chamber, Nov.ij. 1655. and continued to his Death. The Provincial Affembly of London finding their Proceed- Attempts to eftabliffi their Dijcipline ineffectual, em-yfj?* ployed themfelves this Year in promoting the Religi-^/ jfem, ous Education of Youth ; for which Purpofe they bly, publifhed an Exhortation to Catechifing ; with the following Directions for the more orderly carrying it on, 1. '( That the Minifters on fome Lord's Day prove " in their Sermons, the Neceffity and Ufefulnefs of " fuch a Wfork, and exhort all Parents, and Mafters *' of Families, to prepare their Children and Servants " for it, by catechifing them at home, that they may " more readily make their Anfwers in publick. 2. " That the Catechifm to be ufed be the Lffer " Catechijm of the Affembly of Divines. This Care- *' chifm excelling ajl others in this refpect, that every *' Anfwer is a perfect Propofition without the Que- «' flion. 3. " That the Perfons to be catechifed be Children *{ and Servants, that have not been admitted to the *' Lord's Supper by the Elderfhip, 4. " That the Time of Catechifing be on the «* Lord's Day in the Afternoon, before the Sermon, « to the End that the whole Congregation may re- « ceive Benefit thereby. K 4 §, " Thai j«£ The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver j . 'That the Catechifm niay be explained brief Proteaor. « ^ & t fhe firft g0ing over> that the People may in fcj-y^ " a fhort Time have a Notion of the whole Body of " Divinity. 6. '* That the Parifh be defired at the common *' Charge, to provide Catechifms for the poorer Sort, " who cannot well provide for themfelves, and that " the Diftribution of them be referr'd to the refpective f Minifters.7. " 'Tis defired, that an Account in Writing, f what Progrefs is made in the Premifes may be re- 1 " turned from the Claffes to the Provincial Affembly *' within Forty Days after the Receipt hereof. " Signed in the Name, and by the Appointment of « the Affembly, Edmund Calamy, Moderator, William Harrifon, t o -. William Blackmore, \ pmian. Thefe Inftructions were fent to the feveral Claffes of London ; and by their Example, the Affociated Minir fters in the feveral Counties of England publifhed the like Exhortations to their Brethren. Account of The Occafion of this Proceeding was the publifhing ^!r'flt two Catechifms of Mr. John Biddle a S.ocinian, one called a Scripture Catechifm ; and the other, A Brief Scripture Catechifm, for the Ufe of Children. Complaints of which being made to the laft Parliament, they were ordered to be burnt by die Hands of the Com mon Hangman, and the Author to be imprifoned in the G.itc-Hcufc. Mr. Biddle had been in Cuftody for his Opinions before the late King's Death. While he V/as there he had publifhed twelve Queftions or Argu ments againft the t>aty of the Holy Spirit, in Quarto, 1647. which was anfwered by Mr. Pool, and the Book ordered to he burnt. Next Year, being flill in Pri- fon, he publ idled Seven Articles againft the Deity of Christ, with the Teftimonies of feveral of the Fathers on this Head ; upon which fome Zealots in the Affem- Chap.III. D/"/fe Puritans. 137 bly moved, that he might be put to Death as an Oliver Heretick ; but he went on, and being fet at Liber- Proteaor. ty in the Year 1 65 1 . he compofed and publifh- vJL?!^/ ed the Catechifms above-mentioned, in which he maintains, " (1.) That God is confined to a certain -" Place. (2.) That he has a bodily Shape. (3.) That f he has Paffions. (4.) That he is neither Omnipo- *' tent nor Unchangeable. (5.) That we are not to " believe Three Perfons in the Godhead. (6.) That " Jefus Chrift has not the Nature of God, but only *' a Divine Lordfhip. (7.) That he was not a Prieft " while upon Earth, nor did reconcile Men to God. " And, (8.) That there is no Deity in the Holy " Ghoft." Thefe Propofitions were condemned by the Parliament, and the Author committed to the Gate-Houje. But as foon as the Protector had diffol- ved his Parliament he gave him his Liberty. After this, being of a reftlefs Spirit, he challenged Mr. Griffin, a Baptift Preacher, to difpute with him in St. Paul's Cathedral, on this Queftion, Whether Jefius Chrifi be the mofi High, or Almighty God ? This oc- eafioning new Disturbances, the Council committed him to Newgate ; but the Protector thought it beft to fend him out of the Way, and accordingly tranfported him to Scilly, and allowed him one Hundred Crowns a Year for his Maintenance. Here he remained till the Year 1658. when the Noife being over, he was fet at Liberty ; his Catechifms having been anfwered by Dr. Owen, in a learned and elaborate Treatife, enti tled, Vindicid: Evangelic*, &c. After the Protector's Death Biddle fet up a pri vate Conventicle in London, which continued till the Reftoration, when the Church being restored to its coercive Power, he was apprehended while Preaching, and committed to Prifon, where he died, in September, 1662. and was buried in the Burying Ground in Old Bedlam. He had fuch a prodigious Memory (fays Wood) that he could repeat all St. Paul's Epiftles in Greek, and was reckoned by thofe of his Perflation a fober ,38 the HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver fober Man, and fo devout, that he feldom prayed Proteaor. without lying proftrate on the Ground. yjf S5' Though it was well known by this, as well as other .jfftwre Examples, that the Protector was againft all Acts of Ordinance Severity on the Account of Religion, yet fuch was the againft the turbulent Behaviour of the Loyalifts, who threaten'd oldfeque- an Affaffination, publifhed the moft daring Libels Clergy. againff die Government, and were actually in Arms, Hughes'/ diat he thought it neceffary to crufh them, and there- exaa fore an Order was publifhed November 24. " That Abridge- « no Perfons after Jan. 1. 1655-6. fhall keep in tublick " tne*r ^ou^*es or Families as Chaplains or School- Aas and " Mafters, for the Education of their Children, any Ordinan- " fequefter'd or ejected Minifter, Fellow of a College, ces, 4t0. « or School-Mafter, nor permit their Children to be P- 597- « taught by fuch. That no fuch Perfons fhall keep " School either publickly or privately, nor preach " in any publick Place, or private Meeting, of any " others than thofe of his own Family ; nor fhall ad- «' minifter Baptifm, or the Lord's Supper, or mar- " ry any Perfons, or ufe the Book of Common Pray- " er, or the Forms of Prayer therein contained, on " pain of being profecuted, according to the Orders " lately publifhed by his Highnefs and Council, for «' fecuring the Peace of the Commonwealth. Never- " thelefis his Highnejs declares, that towards fiuch of " the faid Perfions as havefince their Ejeclment er Se^ " queftration, given, or hereafter Jhall give, a real " Teftimony of their Godlinefis, and good Affetlion to the «' prefent Government, fo much Tendernefis Jhall be ujed as *' may confifi with the Safety and Good of the Nation" This was a fevere and terrible Order upon the Epif copalians, and unjuftifiable in it felf; but the Title of the Act, which is an Ordinance for Jecuring the Peace of the Commonwcalth,aswel\ as the laft Claufe, (hews it was made for the Safety ofi the Government againft a Number of Men that were undermining it, and was publifhed chief ly in Terror em, for no Perfon was profecuted upon it j nor did the Parliament, that met next Year, confirm it, which made it absolutely void., D,i\ Chap.III. ?T^ Puritans, 139 Dr. Gauden prefented a Petitionary Remonstrance Oliver to the Protector againft this Orderf and Archbifhop Proteaor. Ufoer was defired to ufe his Intereft with his Highnejs l6^^ in behalf of the Epifcopal Clergy ; upon which {fays proteaor the Writer of the Archbifhop's Life) the Protector is willing promifed either to recal his Declaration, or to prevent'0 difpenfe its being put in Execution, provided the Clergy were™11']. the inoffenjive in their Language and Sermons, and flood clear in meddling with Matters of State. His Hi gh- ness accordingly laid the Matter before his Council, who were of Opinion, that it was not fafe for him to recal his Declaration, and give open Liberty to Men who were declared Enemies to his Government, but that he fhould fufpend the Execution of it as far as their Behaviour fhould deferve ; fo that here was no great Reafon of Complaint, for notwithftanding this Ordinance the fober Epifcopal Clergy preached pub- lickly in the Churches, at London and in the Coun-Conf. try, as Dr. Hall, afterwards Bifhop of Chefter, Dr.plea' Ball, Dr. Wild, Dr. Hardy, Dr. Griffith, Dr. Pear-™™'' Jon, Bifhop of Chefter, and others. Remarkable arec'0 ]" the Words of Bifhop Kennet to this Purpofe ; " It Hilt. " is certain, fays his Lordfhip, that the Protector p. 223. " was for Liberty, and the utmoft Latitude to all " Parties, Jo jar as conjifted with the Peace and Safety ?' of his Perfon and Government, and therefore he " was never jealous of any Caufe or Sect on the Ac- " count of Herefy or Falfhood, but on his wifer Ac- " counts of political Peace and Quiet ; and even the " Prejudice fie had againft the Epifcopal Party was *' more for their being Royalifts, than for being of " the good old Church. Dr. Gunning, afterwards " Bifhop of Ely, kept a Conventicle in London, in as " open a Manner as the Diffenters did after the Tole- *' ration ; and fo did feveral other Epifcopal Di- " vines." For the fame Reafons his Highnejs girt the Laws Reafins of clofe upon the Papifts, not upon account of their Re-f^*/?'" Iigion, but becaufe tfyey were Enemies to his Govern- f^p^Sm ment; 140 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Oliver ment ; for in the Month of May a Proclamation was Proteaor. ^nhY\fhec\ for trfc better executing the Laws againft vJ-y2^, Jefuits and Priefts, and for the Conviction of Popifh Recufants; the Reafon of which the Protector gives in his Declaration of Oclob. 31ft. publifhed with the Compl. Advice of his Council, in thefe Words ; Becaufie it * was not only commonly obficrved, but there remains with iii Marg. as Jomewhat of Proof, that jefuits have been found among dificontented Parties of this Nation, who are ob ferved to quarrel, and fall out with every Form of Ad miniftration in Church and State. The Protector gave Notice of the like kind to the Republicans, Fifth Mo narchy Men, Levellers, and to the Presbyterians, that they fhould ftand upon the fame Foot with the Roy alifts, in cafe of any future Delinquencies. He is for Such was the Protector's Latiwde, that he was for encoura- indulging the Jews,^ who petitioned for Liberty of 4'e^s ' their Religion, and for carrying on a Trade in London. Manaffeb Ben Ifirael, one of their chief Rabbi's, with fome others, came from Amfierdam to Whitehall for this Purpofe, whom the Protector treated with Refpect, and fummoned an Affembly of Divines, Lawyers, and Merchants, to confult upon the Affair: The Di vines were to confider it as a Cafe of Confcience ; the Lawyers to report how far it was confiftent with the Laws of England ; and the Merchants, whether it was for the Advantage of Trade and Commerce. Bifhop Burnet apprehends, that the Protector defigned the Jews for Spies in the feveral Nations of Europe -, however, he was of Opinion, that their Admiffion under certain Limitations might be for the Advantage of Com merce ; and told the Divines, that fince there was a Promife in holy Scripture of the Converfion of the Jews, he did not know but the Preaching of the Chri ftian Religion, as it was then in England, without Ido latry or Superstition, might conduce to it. But the Affembly not agreeing in their Opinions, the Affair was dropt, and the Petitioners retunAl to Holland, where Manaffeb Ben Ifirael writ a handfome Letter, now Cb.ap.IiI. c//if Puritans, 141 now before me, which he calls, An Anfwer to certain Oliver ( ^uefiions propounded by a noble and learned Gentleman, Proteaor. touching the Reproaches eafi upon the Nation of the ^-AiO Jews, wherein all Objections are candidly and fully ftated. The famous Mr. Prynne and Mr. Dury a Pref byterian Minifter, writ fiercely againft the Admiffion of the Jews ; but other Divines whom the Protector confolted', were for admitting them with fome Limi tations. I fhall report their Refolution on this Point in their own Language. Queftion, Whether the Jews, at their Dejire, may be admitted into this Nation to traffick and dwell among us, as Providence fhall give Occafion ? The Anfwer of thofe that were againft it, was, that they could not think it lawful, for the following Reafons. 1. " Becaufe the Motives on which Manaffeb Ben Arguments "' Ifirael, in his Book lately printed, defires their Ad-for ™d a- " miffion into this Commonwealth, are fuch, as we^'"-' " " conceive, to be very finful. 2. " The Danger of feducing the People of this " Nation, by their Admiffion, is very great. 3. " Their having Synagogues, or any publick " Meetings for the Exercife of their Religion, is not " only evil in it felf, but likewife very fcandalous to " other Christian Churches. 4. " Their Cuftoms and Practices concerning Mar- " riage and Divorce are unlawful,^ and will be of very " evil Example amongft us. 5. " The Principles of not making Confcience of " Oaths made, and Injuries done to Chriftians in " Life, Chaftity, Goods, or good Name, have been " very notorioufly charg'd upon them by valuable " Testimony. 6. " Great Prejudice is like to arife to the Natives " of this Commonwealth in Matters of Trade, which, " befides other Dangers here mention'd, we find very " commonly fuggefted by the Inhabitants of the City " of London" Other 142 The HISTORY Vol.IV, Oliver Other Divines were of Opinion, That the Civil Ma- Proteaor. gjfl-rate might tolerate them under the following Li- A^Y^ mitations. i. " That they be not. admitted to have any pub- " lick Judicatories Civil or Ecclefiaftical. 2. " That they be not permitted to fpeak, or do " any Thing to the Defamation, or Difhonour of " the Name of our/Lord Jefus Chrift, or of the Chri- " ftian Religion. 3. " That they be not permitted to do any Work, " or any Thing to the open Prophanation of the Lord's " Day, or Chriftian Sabbath. 4. " That they be not permitted to have any Chri- " ttians dwell with them as their Servants. 5. " That they have no publick Office nor Truft " in this Commonwealth. 6. " That they be not allow'd to print any Thing " in our Language againft the Chriftian Religion. 7. " That fo far as may be, they be not fuffered to " difcourage any of their own from ufing any proper " Means, or applying themfelves to any who may con- " vince them of their Error, and turn them toChriftiani- " ty . And that fome fevere Penalty be impos'd upon them " who fhall apoftatize from Chriftianity to Judaifm." Remarh. Mr. Archdeacon Eachard fays, The Jews offered the p. 716. Proteclor two Hundred Thoufiand Pounds provided they might have St. PaulV Cathedral for a Settlement. And he adds the following malicious Reflection, That " the " Money made his Highnefs look upon it as the Caufe ofi " God, but that both the Clergy and Laity fio declaimed " againft them, that the religious Juggle would not take " place. "This the Archdeacon himfelf could not believe, as being quite out of Character, for he knew that the Pro tector did not inrich his Family, nor value Money, but for the publick Service. He concludes, That " the Jews " could never be permitted to live long in a well Jettled " Monarchy." What then does he call the Monarchy of England? Where the Jews have been indulged the Exercife of their Religion, without doing any Damage to Chap.III. of the Puritans. 143 to the Religion or Commerce of the Nation for above Oliver Sixty Years. Proteaor. The Protector's Zeal for the Reformed Religion vJ^O made him the Refuge of perfecuted Proteftants in all He ojfifts Parts of the World. The Duke of Savoy, at the In- the Prote- fiance of his Dutchefs, Sifter to the Queen of England,ft"ntsin determined to oblige his Reformed Subjects in the^ "z Valleys of Piedmont to embrace the Roman Catholick Religion or depart the Country. For this Purpofe he quartered an Army upon them, which eat up their Subftance. The Proteftants making fome little Re finance to the Rudenefs of the Soldiers, the Duke gave Orders, that all the Proteftant Families in the Valley of Lucern fhould go into Banifhment, which fome obeyed, whilft the reft fent Deputies to the Court of Turin, to implore Mercy; but the Pope, and the Princes of Italy, advifed the Duke to improve the prefent Opportunity for extirpating the Reformed, and making all his Subjects of one Religion. The Duke accordingly fent exprefs Orders to his General to drive them all out of the Country, with their Wives and Children, and to put to Death fuch as fhould re main. This was executed with great Severity, April 20. 1655. Thofe who efcaped the Sword fled into , the Mountains, from whence, being ready to perifh with Hunger and Cold, they fent their Agents to the Lord Proteclor of England, and other Proteftant Pow ers for Relief. It was the Beginning of May when his Highnejs was firft made acquainted with their Diftrefs, when he appointed a general Faft, and charitable Con tributions throughout all England for their prefent Af- fiftance ; , and fuch was the Compaffion of the People, that the Collection amounted to Thirty Jeven Thoufand and ninety jeven Pounds, Jeven Shillings and three Pence. About Thirty Thoufand Pounds was remitted to their Deputies at feveral Payments, in this and the next Year ; but the Confufions which followed upon the Protector's Death prevented the clearing the whole Account till the Convention Parliament at the Refto- 1 ration, 144 the HISTORY Vol.1 V- Oliver ration, who ordered the remaining Seven Thoufand Proteaor. -pounc\s to be paid. The Protector applied to the vJLl^J Proteftant Kings of Sweden and Denmark ; to the \^V>-' gtates 0f Holland, the Cantons of Switzerland, and the Reformed Churches of Germany and France ; and by his powerful Influence procured large Contributions from thofe < Parts. He writ to the King of France, and to Cardinal Mazarine ; and being glad of an Op portunity to ftrike Terror into the Roman Catholick Powers, he fent Samuel Moreland, Efq; with a Letter to the Duke of Savoy, in which, having reprefented the Cruelty and Injuftice of his Behaviour towards the Proteftants in the Valleys, he tells him, " That he " was pierced with Grief at the News of the Suffer- *' ings of the Vaudois, being united to them not only " by the common Ties of Humanity, but by the Pro- " feffion of the fame Faith, which obliged him to re- " gard them as his Brethren ; and he fhould think " himfelf wanting in his Duty to God, to Charity, " and to his Religion, if he fhould be fatisfied with " pitying them only (whofe miferable Condition was " enough to raife Compaffion in the moft barbarous " Minds ;) unlets he alfo exerted himfelf to the utmoft Burnet, " of his Ability to deliver them out of it." This p. 76. awaken'd the Popifh Powers, infomuch that Mazarine writ in the moft preffing Language to the Court of Turin, to give the Protector immediate Satisfaction ; with which the. Dutchefs reproached him, becaufe he had made no Terms for the Englifo Papifts ; but his Eminence replied, " We muft leave to God the Care " of defending the Catholicks, whofe Caufe is moft «' juft ; but that of the Hereticks needs for its Support " the Clemency of Princes." Upon this the Perfecu- tion immediately ceafed ; the Duke recalled his Army out of the Valleys, and restored their Goods ; the poor People returned to their Houfes, and recovered all their antient Rights and Privileges. But to ftrike fome fur ther Terror into the Pope, and the little Princes of Ita ly, the Protector gave out, that for as much as he was fatisfied Chap.III. of the Puri tan s. 14c; fatisfied they had been the Promoters of this Perfecu- Oliver tion, that he would keep it in mind, and lay hold of Proteffor. the firft Opportunity to fend his Fleet into the Medi- l655^ terranean to vifit Civita Vecchia, and other Parts of "*^Y> the Ecclefiaftical Territories ; and that the Sound of his Cannon fhould be heard in Rome it/elf. He decla red pubhckly that he would not suffer the Proteftant Faith to be intuited in any Part of the World ; and therefore procured Liberty to thofe of Bohemia and France ; nor was there any Potentate in Europe fo hardy as to rifk his Difpleafure by denying his Re- quefts. The Charitable Society for the Relief of the Wi- Original dows and Children of Clergymen, fince known by t\\e°J*ljs ^a~ Name of the Corporation for the Sons of the Clergy, had"ije'''j^sor its Beginning this Year, the firft Sermon being preach- the Clergy, ed by the Reverend Mr. George Hall, Son of the Fa mous Jofieph Hall, Bifhop of Exeter, then Minifter of Alderjgate, but afterwards Archdeacon or" Canterbury, and Bifhop of Chefter. The Sermon was entitled., God's appearing jor the Tribe of Levi, improved in a Sermon preached at St. PaulV, Novemb. 8. 1655. to the Sons ^/"Ministers then fiolemnly affembled, from Numb. xvii. 8. The Rod oj Aaron budded, and bloom ed Bloffoms, and yielded Almonds. The Preacher's De fign was to inforce the Neceffity and Ufefulnefs of a fettled Miniftry ; and though there were fome Paffages that difcovered him to be a Prelatift, the main Part of the Sermon breaths Moderation ; " Let thofe ill-in- " vented Terms (fays he) whereby we have been di- " flihguifhed from each other, be (wallowed up in " that Name which will lead us Hand in Hand to " Heaven, the Name of Christians. If my Stomach, " or any of yours, rife againft the Name of brotherly " Communion, -which may confift with our feveral Prin- *' ciples retain'd, not differing in Subftantials, God take " down that Stomach, and make us fee how much we *' are concerned to keep the Unity of the Spirit in the «* Bond of Pease . Why fhould fome, in the Vol. IV, h "Height H6 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Oliver « Height of their Zeal for Liturgy, fuppofe there 7?;T " Ca" be no Service of God but where that is us'd ? y- , ^ " Why fhould others, again, think their Piety con-' " cern'd and trefpafs'd -upon, if I prefer, and think *' fit to ufe a fet Form ? There muft be Abatements " and Allowances of each other ; a coming Down " from our Punctilio's, or we fhall never give up a " good Account to God " From this Time Ser mons have been preached annually, and large Contri butions made for the Widows and Children of Clergy men. In the Reign of King Charles II. they became a Body Corpora.-^; and their prefent Grandeur is fuffi- ciently known :o the whole Nation. Death of Qn th£ 2 jfc of March^ th:s Yea].5 died the moft Uiher. Reverend and Learned Archbifhop Ufoer, born in Dublin, 1580. and educated in Trinity College. He proceeded M. A. in the Year 1 6co. and next Year was ordain'd Deacon and Pried by his Unclei/-^r, then Archbifhop of Armagh. In the Year 1620. he was made Bifhop of Meath, and four Years after Arch bifhop of Armagh ; in which Station he continued till the Diffolution of the Hierarchy by the Civil Wars. In his younger Years he was a Calvinifi, but in his advanced Age he embraced the middle Way between Calvin and Arminius. He was one of the moft mode rate Prelates of his Age, and allowed of the Ordina tions of foreign Proteftants ; which none but he and Bifhop Davenant, and one or two more among the Bi fhops of thofe Times, would admit. The Archbifhop having loft all his Revenues by the Irifo Rebellion, the King conferr'd upon him the Bifhoprick of Carlifie in Commendam. In 1 643. he was nominated one of the Affembly of Divines at Weftminfter, but did not ap pear among them. As long as the King was at Ox ford he continued with him, but when the War was Over he returned to London and lived privately, with- °™ *?l M,oleftatiotI- Ke affifted at the Treaty of the Ifie of Wight, but could do no Service, the contend ing Parties being then at too great a pittance to be re conciled. Chap.III. c//fc Puritans. 147 conciled. A little before the King's Death the Arch- Oliver bifhop was chofen Preacher to the Honourable Society Proteaor. of Lincoln's Inn, with whom he continued feven Years, ^f^Xu preaching conftantiy, all Term Time, till his Eyes ^^^^ failing, he quitted the Place about a Year and half be fore his Death, and retired with the Countefs of Peter borough to her Houfe at Rygate. The Prote&or had a high Efteem for this excellent Prelate, and confulted him about proper Measures for advancing the Prote ftant Intereft at home and abroad : He allowed him a Penfion, and promifed him a Leafe of part of the Lands of his Archbifhoprick in Irdand for Twenty one Years •, but his Death prevented the Execution of the Defign. About the Middle of Feb. the Arch bifhop went down to Rygate, and on the 20th of March was taken ill of a Plurify, of which he died the next Day, in the Seventy fixth Year of his Age, having been Fifty five Years a Preacher, Four Years Bifhop of Meath, and Thirty one Years Arciibifhop of Armagh. The Archbifhop was one of the moft learned Men of his Age ; he had a penetrating Judg ment, a tenacious Memory ; and withal was a moft pious, humble, and modeft Chriftian. His Body was of the fmaller Size, his Complexion fanguine, but his Prefence always commanded Reverence. The Prote ctor did him the Honour of a publick Funeral, and buried him at his own Expence, in King Henry VII's Chapel. Mr. Stephen Mar Jhall, B. D. was born at God-Man- Of Mr. chefter in Huntingtonfoire, and was educated in Cam-M^^- bridge, and afterwards beneficed at Finchingfield in Effex ; where he gained fuch Reputation by his Preach ing, that he was often called to preach before the Long Parliament, who confulted him in all Affairs relating to Religion. He was one of the Affembly of Divines, and employed in moft, if not all the Treaties between the King and Parliament. Mr, Eachard, according to his ufual Candor, calls him, " A famous Incendi- « ary, and Afliftant to the Parliamentarians, their* h Z "Tturru M The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver « Trumpet in their Fafts, their Confeffor in their Proteaor. « Sicknefi> thcir Counfellor in their Affemblies, their *J-y^ " Chaplain in their Treaties, and their Champion in " their Difputations ;" and then adds, " This great *' Shimei being taken with a defpeiate Sicknefs depart- " ed the World mad and raving." A notorious Falfe- hood ! for he was a Perfon of fober and moderate Prin ciples, infomuch that Mr. Baxter ufed to fay, That if all the Bifhops had been of the Spirit and Temper of Archbifhop Ufoer, the Prefbyterians of the Temper of Mr. Marjhall, and the Independants like Mr. Jer, Burroughs, the Divifions of the Church would have been eafily compromifed. When he was taken ill, and obliged to retire into the Country for the Air, the Oxford Mercury faid he was diffracted, and in his Rage conftantiy cried out, That he was damned for adhe ring to the Parliament in their War againft the King, But he lived to confute the Calumny, and publifhed a Treatife, to prove the Lawfulnefs of defenfive Arms in Cafes of Neceffity. He was an admired Preacher, and far from running into the Extremes of the Times. Jn the Decline of his Life he retired from the City, and fpent the two laft Years of his Life in Ipfwich. The Reverend Mr. G. Firmin, in a Preface to one of Mr. jMarfoall's Pofthumous Sermons, writes, that he had left few fuch Labourers as himfelf behind him -^ that he was a Chriftian by Practice as well as Profeffi on j that he lived by Faith, and died by Faith, and was an Example to the Believers in Word, in Conver- fation, in Charity, in Faith, and Purity. That when he and others were talking with Mr. Marjhall about his Death, he replied, / cannot Jay, as he, I have not jo lived that I foould now be afiraid to die; but this I can Jay, I have fio learned Chrifi, that I am not afiraid to die. He enjoyed the full Ufe of his Underftanding to the laft ; but loft the Ufe of his Hands and Appe tite, in fo much that he could eat nothing for fome Fuller's Months before he died. Mr. Fuller fays, That he per- Itook II? ptwzd tis Exercife for Batchelor of Diyinity with ge- p. 53'. nera^ Chap.lII. bf the P u r i t A N s'.' 149 neral Applaufe ; that he was a good Preacher, but' Oliver fo fupple, that he break not a Joint in all the Altera- Proteaor. tion of the Times ; and although fome fufpf ct.d him j r^, of deferting his Prefbyterian Principles, y-i upon his Death-Bed he gave them full Satisfaction f .at he had not. His Remains were folemnly buried in Weftmin fter Abbey, but were dug up again at the Refto ration. The Protector having as yet no better than a Mill- 1656. tary Title to his high Dignity,, refolved to obtain ^Proteaor more legal One as foon as the Times would admit. calls a He had now cut his Way. through a great ma-^^''' ny Difficulties, and the Succefs of his Arms this^vj J- Summer having raifed his Reputation to an un-Cromweli common Pitch of Greatnefs, he refolved to fum-P-34°« mon a new Parliament to meet at Weftminfter, Sept. 17. to confirm his Title to the Protect orfhip ; and the Republicans being his moft dangerous Ene mies, the Protector fent for Sir H. Vane and Ma jor General Ludlow, to give Security not to act againft the prefent Government. Fie afked Ludlow what made him uneafy ? or, What he would have ? Ludlow anfwer'd, He would have the Nation governed by its own Confent. I am, faid the Proteclor, as much for a Government by Confent as any Man ; but where fhall we find that Confent ? Among the Prelatical, Prefby terian, Independant, Anabaptift, or Levelling Par ties ? The Other replied, among thofe of all Sorts who have acted with Fidelity and Affection to the Publick. The Proteclor finding that he was for throwing all Things back into Confufion, told him, That all Men now enjoyed as much Liberty and Protection as they could defire, and that he was refolved to keep the Na tion from being embrued again in Blood. " I defire " not, fays he, to put any more Hardfhips upon you *' than upon my felf; nor do I aim at any Thing by " this Proceeding but the publick Quiet and Security* " As to my own Circumftances in the World, I have not " much improved them, as thefe Gentlemen (pointing L 3 «» J5<* The HISTORY Vol. IV. pSSr " t0 his CoUncil) we]I know." But Ludlow, Sir Hen- "1656.' ry Vane-> and Colonel Rich, perfifting in their Refufal Wy-s*' to &ve Purity, were taken into Cuftody. Bifhop Burnet fays, That others follicited him to restore the young King, and that the Earl of Orrery told him, he might make his own Terms ; but that Cromwel re- , plied, That the Son could never forgive his Father's Blood ; and that he was Jo debauched he would undo every Thing. It was therefore refolved to fet him afide, and proceed upon the prefent Plan. When the Parliament met according to Appoint ment the Reverend Dr. Owen preached before them, his Text was, IJa. xiv. 32. What ffiall one then anfiwer the Meffengers oj the Nation ? That the Lord hath jounded Zion, and the Poor oj his People jhall trufi in it. From the Abbey the Proteftor went with the Members to the Painted Chamber, where he made a Speech, and then difmiffed them to their Houfe ; but to prevent their entring into Debates about his Title, a Thp are Guard was placed at the Door, with a Paper of Re- ZcTnize c°GNITION for each Member to fubfcribe, wherein the Go- they promife, Not to acl any Thing prejudicial to the 'vemment. Government as it was eftablifihed under a Prote c- Whitl. tor. Upon their fubfcribing this, if they were under p. 640. no other Difqualification they had a Certificate of their Return, and oj their being approved by ^Highness W Council. This laft was certainly inconfiftent with the Freedom of Parliaments ; for if the Crown has a Negative upon the Return of the Members, they are Tools of the Crown, and not Reprefentatives of the People -, becaufe, though they are legally chofen, and returned by the proper Officer, a fuperior Tribu nal may fet them afide. Befides, if the Parliament was to give a Sanction to the hew Government, the Recognition was abfurd, becaufe it obliged them to con, fent to that which they had no liberty to debate It muft therefore be allowed, that Cromwel's Protetlor- jhip was built only upon the Authority of the Council of Officers: This being one of thofe Fundamentals which 1 his or- Chap. III. of the Pu ki tan s. 15 1 his Highnefs would not fuffer any of his Parliaments to debate. But tis highly probable that thefe Stretches o1:ver of Power might be abfolutely neceffary at this Time, to P - "fit hold the Government together, and that without them '^J^ji the feveral Parties would have fallen to Pieces, and in-^^^1 volved the Nation in Confufion and a new War. The Parliament in their humble Petition and Advice guarded againft the Exclufion of their Members for the future, except by a Vote of the Houfe, which the Protector freely contented to, fo that this was only a temporary Ex pedient, and not to be made a Precedent of; but at pre fent almoft one Hundred Members refufed to fubfcribe, and were therefore excluded. Thefe prefented a Peti tion to the fitting Members for Redrefs, but were an- fwer'd, That the Proteclor had promifed to relieve them, if they could fhew Caufe of Complaint. But inftead of this, they appealed to the People in a fevere Remonstrance, charging his Highnejs with invading their fundamental Rights and Liberties, and prevent ing the free Meeting of the Reprefentatives of the People in Parliament. To which it was anfwered, That if they would not fo much as own the Proteclor, they had no Colour or Pretence to eafi themfelves Mem bers of Parliament. The fitting Members having chofen Sir Thomas Widdrington their Speaker, approved of the War with TheirAas] Spain, and raifed Taxes to fupport his Highnefs in the Profecution of it. They renounced and difanulled the Title of Ch arles Stuart ; and pafs'd an Act, making it High Treafon to compafs or imagine the Death of the Lord Protector. They reviewed the Orders and Ordinances of the Protector, and his Coun cil, in the Intervals of Parliament, and confirmed moft of them. They abrogated the Authority and Power of the Major Generals, conceiving it incon- fiftent with the Laws of England, and Liberties of the People. Thefe, and fome other Acts hereafter men tioned, were prefented to his Highnefs, Nov. 27. for Confirmation ; and as he was pleated to confirm them L 4 all, 1 52 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver all, he told them, That as it had been the Cuftonl of Fr^afr' the chief Governors to acknowledge the Care and Kind- C/"V"»-' nejs oj the Commons upon fuch Occafions, fo he did very heartily and thankfully acknowledge their Kindnefs there in. But the Parliament continued fitting till next Year, when we fhall meet with more important Tranf- actions. Synder- The Aft for Security of the Protector's Perfon was comb'j no foor.er paffed but a Plot was difcovered againft Flat- his Life. Miles Syndercomb, a Leveller, a bold re- folute Man, having been difbanded in Scotland, com bined with one Cecil, and another of the Protector's Life-Guard, to affaffinate him as he was going to Hampton-Court ; but being difappointed once and again by fome unexpected Accidents, the other Confpi- rators difcovered the Plot. Syndercomb put himfelf on his Trial, and was condemned on the Statute 25th of Edward III. the Chief Juftice Glynne declaring, that by the Word King in the Statute any chief Magifirate was underftood. But Syndercomb prevented the Execu tion, for the very Morning he was to fuffer he was found dead in his Bed ; whereupon his Body was tied to a Horfe's Tail, and dragged naked to the Scaffold on Tower Hill, and then buried with a Stake driven through it. However, a Day of publick Thankfgi- ving was appointed for the Protector's Deliverance, Feb. 20. when his Highnejs gave the Speaker, and Members of Parliament, a fplendid Entertainment at the Banqueting Houje. Spanifti The War with Spain this Summer was attended Plate Fleet ^-^ vafl. guccefs, for no fooner had the King of Spain feized the Effects of the Englifij Merchants in his Country, but the Proteclor ordered his Ad mirals, Blake and Montague, to block up the Har bour of Cadiz, and look out for the Plate Fleet, which Captain Slayncr, who was left with feven Men of War upon the Coaft, while the Admirals were gone to Portugal for frefh Water, difcovered, co -, fitt ing of eight Men of War making directly for C -iiiz 3 Chap.III. of the Puritans^ 153 Cadiz ; Stayner bore up to them with all the Sail he Oliver could make, and engaged them within four Leagues Proteaor. of their Port ; the Spanifo Admiral run his Ship afhore %l^^mf with fix hundred Thoufand Pieces of Eight ; but the Vice- Admiral, with twelve hundred Thoufand Pieces of Eight ; and another Galleon were fired and funk ; the Rear- Admiral, with two Millions of Plate in her, was taken ; and upon the Whole, fix of the eight Ships were destroyed ; the Plate, to the Value of two Milli ons, was brought to Portjmouth, and conveyed in Carts to London, and carried through the City to the Tower to be coined. Admiral Blake, with the reft of the Fleet, rode out all the Winter upon the Coaft of Spain, and destroyed another Fleet of much greater Value the next Summer. After the Difcoverv of Syndrrcomb's Plot, the Pre-Hiftoryqf latifis, Presbyter .an.-, od Levellers, were pretty quiet, tbe %a- but the Quakers be;- in to be -¦'-_. troubkfome. The^'V"*"" Reader has been ii.. med mcier ¦:/,; '/car 1650. that George Fox travel1 'd the Cou'-cii'-s, declaiming in the Market Places, ai. . 1 Ohurrh s, -. . >ilii all ordained Minifters, and placirr tut. Whole or keligion m an in ward Light, r\u an extraordinary L>nulfe f ihr Holy Spirit. Int.. Year 1652 the Qu.J ;rs fet up fcpurate Afferrblf s in L.mcajh/re. and the adjacent Parts. In 1654- ' '- ;v let up rhe firft ".;¦.. it-:. Meeting of the Peo ple ealled Quakers in the H;jfe of Robert Dring, *in J, itl;-, Street, London. Thefe unwary People, by ' eir interrupting r>-blick Worfhip, and refuting to pay any Refpecl to the Magifirate, expofed themfelves "\ry often to Soi.erings. One of them, in a Letter to the Protector, fays, " That though there are no penal " L-i'A-'s in force obliging Men to comply with the " eftablilhed Religion, yet the Quakers are expofed " u ¦"'.¦''' other Accounts ; they are fined and imprifon- " r;' for refuting to take an Oath ; for not paying " their Tithes; for difturbing the publick Affem- " blies, and meeting in the Streets, and Places of " publick Retort ; fome of them have been whip'd " for 154 the HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver « for Vagabonds, and for their plain Speeches to the Proteaor. cc Magifirate." But the Quakers were fo far from be- ij^^j ing difcouraged, that they opened a publick Meeting tnere happen'd a MfmeT. Quarrel between the Burghers of Nifimes, who were- moftly Hugonots, and the Magistrates and Bifhop of the City ; the Intendant of the Province being in- form'd of it repaired thither to prevent an Infurrection ; but the Burghers ftanding in their own Defence raifed a Tumult, of which the Intendant fent an Account to Court. The Burghers being quickly fenfible of their Folly submitted, and begged Pardon ; but the Court laying hold of the Opportunity, refolved to ruin them. Upon which they difpatch'd a Meffenger pri vately to Cromwel, and begg'd his Interposition. i The Chap. III. of the Puritans: 161 The Proteclor having heard the whole Account, bid Oliver the Meffenger ftay and refrefh himfelf, and before he Proteaort could return to Paris his Bufinefs fhould be done. vJ-$>J Accordingly an Exprefs was immediately dlfpatched With a Letter to the King of France, under CoVetof the following to Cardinal Mazarine. To his Eminence ^LordCardinal Ma z a r i n e . " FTAVING thought neeeffary to difpatch this " LA. Gentleman to the King with the enclofed Let- " ter, I commanded him to falute your Eminence on " my Part ; and have charged him to communicate " to you certain Affairs which I have entrufted him " with : I therefore pray your Highnefs to give Cre- " dit to what he fhall fiy, having an entire Con- " fidence in him. Your Eminence's moft Affeclionate, Whitehall, O. Cromwel, Proteclor oj the Dec. 28th. 1656. Commonwealth 0/Ehgland, £5 V. The Protector added the following Poflfcript with his own Hand ; " I have been informed of the Tu- " mult at Nifimes, I recommend to your Highnefs the " Intereft of the Reformed" And in his Inftructions to his Ambaffador Lockhart he commanded him to in fill peremptorily, That the Tumult ofi Nifmes be for given, or elfe to leave the Court immediately. Ma zarine complain'd of this Ufage, as too high and imperious ; but his Eminence ftood in too much Awe of the Protector to quarrel with him, and therefore fent Orders to the Intendant to make up the Matter as well as he could. Mr. Welwood. fays, the Cardinal would change Countenance whenever he heard the Name of the Protector, infomuch that it became a Proverb in France, That Mazarine was not fo much afraid of the Devil as of O. Cromwel. Such was the Terror of this great Man's Name not on ly in France, but in all the Courts of Europe'. Vol. IV. M This l&Z .The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver . This Year died the Right Reverend, and Pious Dr. 'Tefr JSfepb Hal1' Bifll0P of Norwich, whofe Practical a^-v-o Works, have been in great Efteem among the Diffenters. The Death He was born at Afoby de la Zouch in Leicefterfldre, and °fDf- educated in Emanuel College, Cambridge. When he Jn'o?' Ieft the UniYerfity he travell'd with Sir Edmund Bacon wich. t0 the SPaw in Germany. Upon his Return he was ta ken into the Service: of Prince Henry, and preferr'd to the Rectory of Waltham in Effex, where he continued Twenty two Years. King James fent him to the Sy nod of Dort with other Englijh Divines, where he pteach'd a Latin Sermon ; but was forc'd to retire to England before the Synod broke up, on the account of his Health. Some Time after his Return he was preferr'd to the Bifhoprick of Exeter, and from thence tranflated to Norwich. At the Beginning of the Troubles be tween the King and Parliament the Bifhop publifhed feveral Treatifes in favour of Diocefan Epifcopacy, .which were anfwered by Smeclymnus, as has been rela- ktted. He was afterwards imprifoned in the Tower with the reft of the protefting Bifhops ; upon his Re- kafe he_ retired to Norwich, but the Revenues of his Bifhoprick were foon fequefter'd, together with his own perfonal and real Eftate, and he was forc'd to be content with the Fifths. The Soldiers ufed him fe- verely, turning him out of his Palace, and threatning to fell his Books, if a Friend had not given Bond for the Money, at which they were appraisU The Bifhop complain'd very juftly of this Ufage, in a Pamphlet entitled Hard Meajure. At length the Parliament, to make him fome Amends, voted him 40 /. per Annum ; and when the War was over, in the Year 1647. tneY took off the Sequeftration from his Eftate; and the Bi fhop liy'd peaceably upon it afterwards, fpending his Time in Acts of Charity, Meditation, and Solitude. He was a learned and pious Man, and of great Humi lity and Goodnefs in Converfation ; but his being the Tool of Archbifhop Laud in fupporting the Divine Right of Diocefan Epifcopacy, did him no Service with Chap.III. of the Puritans! 163 with the Parliament. Mr. Fuller fivys, He Was fre- Oliver quently called our Englifo Seneca, for the Purenefs, Proteaor. Plainnefs, and Fulnefs of his Stile. He was more hap- J 5 1^ py in his Practical than Polemical Writings. There is Fuller' j one remarkable Paffage in his Will, which is this, Worthies, After having defired a private Funeral, he adds, I do^ook not hold God's Houfie a meet Repofitory for the deaa1' Bodies of the great eft Saints. In his laft Sicknefs he was afflicted with violent Pains of the Stone. and Stran gury, which he bore with wonderful Patience, till Death put an End to all his Troubles, Sept. 8. 1656. in the Eighty fecond Year of his Age. Towards the latter End of the Year died the Reve- Of Mr. rend Mr. Richard Capel, born at Gloucefter i584..CaPeI; and educated in Magdalen College, Oxon. where he-y^^j - proceeded M. A. His Eminency in the Univerfity p. 26o. (fays the Oxjord Hiftorian) was great ; he had divers learned Men for his Pupils, who were afterwards fa mous in the Church, as Accepted Frewen, Archbifhop of York, William Pemble, and others. He left the Univerfity for the Rectory of Eaftington in his own Country, where he became famous for his painful and practical Preaching, as well as for his exemplary Life. When the Book of Sports came out, 1633. he refufed to read it, but refigned his Rectory, and turn'd Phy- fician. In 1 641. he clos'd with the Parliament; and was chofen one of the Affembly of Divines, but de clined fitting among them, chufing to refide at his Li ving at Pitchcomb, ' near Stroud, where he was in great Reputation as a Phyfician and Divine, preaching Gra tis to his Congregation. He publifh'd feveral valu able Treatifes, and among others a celebrated one, Of Temptations, their Nature, Danger, and Cure. He was a good old Puritan, of the Stamp of Mr. Dod, Cleaver, and Flilderfiham ; and died at Pitchcomb in 1657. Gloucefterfoire, Sept. 21. 1656. aged Seventy two Debates Years. a^feff The Parliament, which met Sept. 1 7. continued fit- %f ting to the next Year, having before them an Affair whirl. M 2 . of p. 646, 1 64 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver of the greatest Confequence, which was confirming the Proteaor. Government under Cromwel as Lord Protec- 1657. \*t?~y^~J tor, or changing it for the Title of King. .Colo nel Jephfion, one of the Members for Ireland, moved, That the Protector might have the Crown with the Title of Ki ng, and Was feconded by Alderman Pack, Member for the City of London ; but the Republicans in the Floufe oppofed it with great Vehemence ; how ever, upon putting the Queftion, it was carried for a King ; moft of the Lawyers, as Serjeant Glyn, May- nard, Fountain, St. John, and others, being on that Side. April 4. a Petition was prefented to the Prote clor, recommending the Title and Office of a King, as beft fitted to the Laws and Temper of the People of England ; and upon his defiring Time to confider of it, a Committee was appointed to give him Satisfaction in any Difficulties that might arife, who urged, that " the Name of Protestor was unknown to our Englijh " Conftitution That his Highnefs had already " the Office and Power of a King, and therefore die " Difpute was only about a Name That his Per- " fon would never be fecure till he affumed it, be- " caufe the Laws did not take Notice of him as chief " Magifirate, and Juries were backward to find Per- " fons guilty of Treafon where there was no King—— " They urged the Advantages of a mixed Monarchy, " and infifted on the Safety and Security of himfelf and " his Friends That by the Laws of Edw. IV. and " Henry VII. whatever was done by a King in Poffef- " fion, with the Confent of a Houfe of Lords and " Commons, was valid, and all that ferved under him " were exempt from Punifhment That without " this Title all the Grants and Sajes that had been made " were null and void ; and all that had collected the " publick Moneys were accountable In fliort, that " the Inclinations of the Nation were for a King . " That his not accepting the Office would occafion " the changing many ancient Laws, Cuftoms, and " Formalities - — - That there would be no lafting " Settle- Chap.III. of the Puritans. 165 " Settlement till Things reverted to this Channel — Oliver " To all which they added, That it was the Advice proteaor. " and Opinion of the Representatives of the three Na- ^JI^j " tions ; and fince the Parliament of England, Scol- " land, and Ireland, advifed and defired him to ac- " cept the Title, he ought not in Reafon or Equity " to decline it." The Protector attended to thefe Arguments, and The Prote- would no doubt have complied, if he could have re- ^r"s lied upon the Army, but the chief Officers remonftra-^^. ted ftrongly againft it, and many of his old Friends,,^- z>. among whom was his own Son-in-law Fleetwood, Burnet, threaten'd to lay down their Commiffions. All thep- 68, 70. Republicans declaimed loudly againft his accepting the Crown, and prefented a Petition to the Houfe againft it, drawn up by Dr. Owen, and prefented by Lieute nant General Majon : They faid, " they had pull'd " down Monarchy with the Monarch, and fhould " they now build it up ? — — — They had appealed to " God in the late War, who had anfwered in their " Favour, and fhould they now diftruft him ? — " They had voted to be true to the Commonwealth " without King or Kingfhip, and fhould they break " their Vows, and go back to Egypt for Security ? — " They thought it rather their Happinefs to be under a " legal Danger, which might make them more Cautious " and Diligent Some faid, if they muft have a " King, why not the legal One " Upon thefe Grounds they ftood out, and rejected with Scorn all Limitations of the Prerogative under a kingly Govern ment. So that whatever might be the Protector's In clination, he judged it moft prudent to decline the Crown for the prefent; and accordingly, May 8. he fent for the Houfe, and acquainted them, that as the Circumftances oj Affairs then ftood, he could not under take the Government with the Title «/Kiwo. Some have been of Opinion, that the Protector's Pemarh. great Genius forfook him in this Affair ; but it is im- Whitl, poffible, at this Diftance of Time, to judge of rheP- 64&A M 3 Strength 166 The HISTORY Vol. IV, P°)X Strength of the Reafons that determined him the other l657. ' Way- Had ne affumed the Title of King the Army \*r-y^ would have revolted ; the Cavaliers would have join ed the Republicans to have pulled him down from, the Throne, the whole Nation would in all probability have been thrown into Confufion, and himfelf have been the Sacrifice. The Proteaor had made large Ad vances in Power already, and he might apprehend it not worth while at prefent to rifk the Whole for the fake of a Name ; though I make no queftion, but if he had lived to fee his Government eftablifhed, and the Spirits of the People calmed, he would in a proper Time have accepted of the Stile and Title of King, as well as the Office. Nay, Mr. Welwood p. hi. fays, That a Crown was actually made, and brought to Whitehall for that Purpofe. Parlia- Upon Cromwel's declining the Title of Kim the menfsPe- Parliament concluded upon .an humble Petition and jZcT Advue\ which was prefented to the Protector May 25. Whitl. conta™ng> among others, the following Articles. Memoirs. '* That his Highnejs would exercife the Office of p. 678. " chief Magifirate of this Nation under the Title of 'Lord Protector; and that during Life he " would declare his Succeffor That for the Future " c W°u]d be pleafed to ca]1 Parliaments, confifting ' 01 two Houfes, to meet once in three Years, and « ?-uer'- lf there b£ occafion That the antient Liberties of Parliament may be preferved ; and ' that none who are chofen may be excluded but by " the Judgment and Content of the Houfe of which (t they are Members That no Papift, no Per- on that has borne Arms againft the Parliament, un- Ids he has fince given Proof of his good Affection to the Commonwealth ; nQ Clergyman, no Atheift, ¦ or ope ,ly prophane Perfon, be qualified to be cho- l,n M.-rnoer of Parliament _ - That the other ouic -A Parliament be not more than Seventy, nor ids; :.ur, F-Tty, of which Twenty one to make a me ~~-~ . ;;at. they may not vote by Proxy — Chap. III. c//fo Puritans. 167 That as any of them die no new ones be admitted Oliver but by Confent of the Houfe it felf/ but the Nomi-^J."3^' nation to be in the Protector ; and that they may ^rJJ^s' not proceed in any criminal Caufes but by Im peachment of the Commons - — - That no Laws he abrogated, fufpended, or repealed, but by Act of Parliament ; and that no Perfon be cbmpell'd to contribute to any Gift, Loans, Benevolences, or Taxes, without Confent of Parliament — — That. the Number of his Higbnefis's Counpil be not more than Twenty one, of which feven to be a Quorum ; and that no Privy Counfellor be removed but by confent of Parliament ; though in the Intervals of Parliament they may be fufpended 7 That the Chancellor, or Keeper of the Great Seal, the Com miffioners of the Treafury, and other chief Officers of State, may be approved by both Houfes of Par liament The Article relating to Religion was in thefe Words ; Article re- That the Proteftant Chriftian Religion contained in ^'^f0 the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Teftament, e >s,m and no other, be afferted and held forth, as the publick Profeffion of this Nation ; and that a Con- feffion of Faith, to be agreed upon by your High nejs and this prefent Parliament, be afferted, and recommended to the People of the' Nation ; and that none fhall be permitted by opprobious Words or Writing to revile or reproach the faid Confeffion, That fuch who profefs Faith in God the Father, and in Jefus Chrift his eternal Son, the true God ; and in the Holy Ghoft, God co-equal and co-eternal with the Father and the Son, One God, bleffed for ever,, and do acknowledge the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Teftament to be 'the revealed Will and Word of God, tho' in other Things they rnay differ in Word and Doctrine, or Difcipline, from the publick Profeffion held forth, fhall not be compell'd by Penalties, or Reftraints, from their Profeffion, *fi but fhall be protected from all Injuries and Molefta- M 4. "tions. 1 68 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver « tions in the Profeffion of their Faith, and Exercife Protestor. « 0f their Religion, while they abufe not this Liberty V^rys^, " to the civil Injury of others, qr the Disturbance of " the publick; Peace:; provided this Liberty do not " extend to Popery or Prelacy, or to the Countenance " of fuch who publifh horrid Blafphemies ; or who " practife or hold forth Licentioufnefs, or Prophane- " nefs, under the Profeffion of Chrjft ; and thofe " Minifters, or publick Preachers, who agree with " the publick Profeffion aforefaid in Matters of Faith, " tho' they differ in Matters of Worfhip or Difci- " pline, fliall not only have Protection in the Way of " their Churches or Worfhip, but fhall be deem'd " equally fit and capable (being otherwife qualified) " of any Trull, Promotion, or Employment in this " Nation, with thofe who agree with the publick " Profeffion of Faith, only they fhall not be capable *' of receiving the publick Maintenance appointed for " the Miniftry. And all Minifters fhall remain dif- " qualified from holding any civil Employment, ac- " cording to the Aft for difabling all Perfons in holy " Orders to exercife any temporal Jurifdi£tion and " Authority, which is hereby confirm'd." The Prote- The Protector having contented to thefe, and fome aor-s ww other Articles, to the Number of Eighteen, an Oath • ¦£' was appointed to he taken by all Privy Counfellors, and Members of Parliament for the future, To main tain the Proteftant Religion; to be faithful to the Lord Proteclor ; and to preferve the Rights and Liberties of the People; and a few Days after Q. Cromwel was proclaimed a fecond Time Lord Protector in the Cities of London and Weftminfter ; this being efteemed a new, and more Parliamentary Title ; and . if the Houfe had been full and free it might have been fo, but the Council's affuming a Power to ap prove or difapprove of the Members after they were . returned ; their fprbidding diem to debate the Fundamentals of the new Government, and obliging them to fign a Recognition of it before diey enter'd the Houfe, Chap.III. of the Puritans. 169 Houfe, looks like a Force, or taking the Election out Oliver of their Hands. But as lame and imperfect as the Pro- FrateOor. rector's Title may feem to be, it was as good as that of ^ryJ^j the Roman Emperors, or the original Claims of many of the Royal Houfes of Europe ; and in the prefent disjointed State of the Englifo Nation, not only necef- fary, but it may be the beft Thing that could be done ; for if the Protectorfhip had been fet afide, there was hardly a Man in the Houfe who would have ventur'd to vote in the King ; an abfolute Commonwealth could not have been fupported, and therefore the Govern ment muft have been diffolved. This being the laft Settlement of Government in the Remarks. Protector's Time, the Reader will obferve, that thep. 93. four fundamental Articles already mentioned, (viz.) (1.) That the Government be in a fingle Perfon and a Parliament. (2.) That Parliaments be not perpetual. (3.) The Militia. And, (4.) Liberty of Confidence in Matters of Religion, 'were not fuffer'd to be examined or altered, but were fuppofed as the Bafis upon which the new Government was to be built — That tho' Oliver's Title to the Government had the Sanction and Confir mation of the prefent Parliament, it was derived ori ginally from the Choice of the Council ofif)fficers, and was never fuffered to be debated in the Houfe afterwards — ¦ That the Humble Petition and Advice approaches near er the old legal Conftitution, by appointing two Hou fes of Parliament, and would, no doubt, in Time, have been converted into it — That the ' Regulations it makes in the Conftitution are for the moft part rear fonable That the Prefbyterians were (till left in Poffeffion of all the Ecclefiaftical Revenues of the Kingdom, tho^ an open and free Liberty was granted to all Chriftians, but Papifts and Prelatifts, whq were excepted for Reafons of State ; and the penal Laws made againft the latter were dropt by the Parlia ment's not confirming them. Remarkable are the Words of the Lord Commiffioner Fiennes, at the Opening of the Second Seffion of this Parliament, in wfiich ?7° Oliver Proteaor. 1657. The HISTORY Vol. IV. Proteaor's fecond In- ftalment. which he " warns the Houfes of the Rock on which many had fplit, which was a Spirit of imposing up on Men's Confciences in Things wherein God leaves them a Latitude, and would have, them free. - The Prelates and their Adherents ; nay, and their Ma fter and Supporter, with all his Posterity, have fplit upon it. The bloody Rebels in Ireland, who would endure no Religion but their own, have fplit upon it ; and we doubt not but the Prince of thofe fatanical Spirits will in due Time fplit upon it, and be brought to the Ground with his bloody Inquifi- tion. But as God is no Refpecter of Perfons, fo he is no Refpecter of Forms, but in what Form foever the Spirit of Impofition appears, he will testify againft it. If Men, tho' otherwife good, will turn Ceremony into Subftance, and make the Kingdom of Chrift confift in Circumftances, in Difcipline and in Forms ; and if they carry their Animofities to fuch an Height, that if one fays Sibboleth inftead of Shibboleth, it fhall be accounted Ground enough to cut his Throat : If they fhall account fuch Devils, or the Seed of the Serpent, that are not within fuch a Circle, or of fuch an Opinion, in vain do they protest agahlft the Perfecution of God's People, when they make the Definition of God's People fo narrow, that their Perfecution is as broad as any other, and ufually more fierce, becaufe edged with a fharp Temper of Spirit. Bleffed dierefore be God, who in Mercy to us and them, has placed the Power in fuch Hands as make it their Bufinefs to preferve Peace, and hinder Men from biting and devouring one another — It is good to hold forthapub- lick Profeffion of the Truth, but not fo as to exclude thofe that can't come up to it in all Points from the Privilege that belongs to them as Chriftians, much lets from the Privilege that belongs to them as Men." His Highnefs having now a more Parliamentary Title, it was thought proper that he fhould have a more folemn Inauguration, which was accordingly ap- \ pointed Chap.III. of the Pvritaks. 171 pointed to be on June 26. in Weftminfter Hall, which Oliver was adorned and beautified for this Purpofe as for a Co- Proteaor. ronation. At the upper End#there was an Afcent of ^lil^j two Degrees covered with Carpets, in the Midft of which there was a rich Canopy, and under it a Chair of State. Before the Canopy there was a Table and Chair for the Speaker, and on each Side Seats for the Members of Parliament, for the Judges, for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London. The Protector was conducted from the Houfe of Lords with all the State and Grandeur of a King, and being feated under the Canopy of State, the Speaker of the Parliament, the Earl of Warwick, and Commiffioner Whitlock, vetted him with a purple Velvet Robe lined with Ermin : They delivered into one of his Hands a Bible richly gilt, and emboffed with Gold ;. and into the other a Scepter of maffy Gold ; and, Laftly, tlfey girt him with a rich Sword ; after this they adminifter'd an Oath to the Protector, to govern according to Law. The Solemnity concluded with a fhort Prayer pro nounced by Dr. Manton ; and then the Herald having proclaimed his Highnejs's Titles, the People fhouted with loud Acclamations, Long live the Lord Protestor, &c, and the Day concluded with Feaftings, and all other Kinds of Rejoicing. The Protector having waded through all thefe Dif- His Gran- ficulties to the Supreme Government of thefe Nations, deuf a"j appeared on a hidden like a Comet or blazing Star, raifed ^f^nff, up by Providence to exalt this Nation to a diftinguifh'd tiau. ., Pitch of Glory, and to ftrike Terror into the reft of Eu- Eaeliari. rope. His Management, for the little Time he furvived, P- 7 19- was the Admiration of all Mankind ; for tho' he would ^?1" never fuffer his Title to the fupreme Government to be„; f2 % difputed, yet his greatest Enemies have confeffed, that in all other Cafes distributive Juftice was restored to iii, • antient Splendor. The Judges did their Duty accord ing to Equity, without Covetoufnefs or Bribery ; the Laws had their full and free Courfe without Impecii- rnent or Delay ; Men's Manners were wonderfully re formed, The HISTORY Vol.1 V. formed, and the Protector's Court was under an exact Difcipline. Trade flourifhed, and the Arts of Peace . were cultivated throughout the whole Nation ; the pub lick Money was managed with Frugality, and to the beft Advantage ; the Army and Navy were well paid, and ferved accordingly. As the Protector proceeded with great Steadinefs and Refolution againft the Ene mies of his Government, he was no lets generous and bountiful to thofe of all Parties who fubmitted to it ; for as he would not declare himfelf of any particular Sect, he gave out, that it was his only Wifo, that all would gather into one Sheepfold, under one Shepherd, J ejus Chrifi, and love one another. He refpected the Clergy in their Places, but confined them to their fpi ritual Function. Nor was he jealous of any that did not meddle .in Politicks, and endeavour to raife Diftur- bances in the State : Even the Prejudice he had againft the Epifcopal Party (fays Bifhop Kennet) was more for their being Royalifts than being of the Church of England. But when one Party of the Clergy began to lift up their Heads above their Brethren, or to act out of their Sphere, he always found Means to take them down. He had a watchful Eye over the Royalifts and Republicans, who were always plotting againft his Perfon and Government ; but his erecting a Houfie of Lords, or Upper Houfe, fo quickly after his Inftal- ment, roufed the Malecontents, and had like to have fubverted his Government in the Infancy of it. Protector's "The Protector was in high Reputation abroad, and Treaty carried Victory with his Armies and Navies where-ever ™'th they appeared. There had been a Negotiation with B ' France concerning an Alliance againft Spain, begun at p' ' London 1655. but not concluded till March 13. 1657. by which the Protector obliged himfelf to join fix Thoufand Men with the French Army, and to furnifh fifty Men of War to conquer the maritime Towns be longing to Spain in the Low Countries, on this Con dition, that Dunkirk and Mardyke fhould be put into his Hands, and the Family of the Stuarts depart the Chap.III. 8//^ Puritans. 173 the Territories of France. ' That which determined Oliver him to join with France rather than Spain, was the Prat*a°r* numerous Parties that were againft him at home ; for <^-JJ^j if the young King, affitled by France, fhould have made a Defcent upon England with an Army of French Proteftants, it might have been of fatal Confe quence to his infant Government ; whereas the Spani- ' * ards were at a Diftance, and having no Proteftant Sub jects, were lefs to be feared. Upon the Conclufion of this Treaty King Charles enter'd into an Alliance with the Spaniard, who allowed him a fmall Penfion, and promifed him the Command of fix Thoufand Men as foon as he was poffeffed of any Sea-port in England. In Confequence of this Treaty moft of the Royalifts went into the Spanijh Service. But the Protector's fix 1 'houfand Men in Flanders behaved with undaunted Bravery, and took St. Venant, Mardyke, and fome other Places, from the Spaniards this Summer. Admiral Blake was no lefs fuccefsful at Sea, for ha- Admiral ving received Advice of the Return of the Spanifo^zke de- Weft India Fleet he failed to the Canaries with Twenty-^. ^ five Men of War, and on the 20th of April arrived atG^oaf- the Bay of Santla Cruz, in the Ifland of Tenariff, where the Galleons, to the Number of fixteen, richly laden, lay clofe under a ftrong Caftle, defended by feven Forts mounted with Cannon ; the Admiral find ing it impoffible to make them Prize, had the good Fortune to burn and destroy them all, only with the Lofs of one Ship, and one Hundred and fixty Men. When the News of this Succefs arrived in England a Day of Thankfgiving was appointed, and a rich Pre fent ordered the Admiral upon his Return ; but this great Sea-Officer having been three Years out at Sea, died as he was entering Plimoutb Sound, Aug. 1 7. in the Sixty feventh Year of his Age. He was of the His Death antient Family of .the Blakes of Planchfield, Somerjet-anc!Cha- ftiire, and was educated in Wadham College, Oxjord.'JJ ""' He was fmall of Stature, but the braveft and boldeft a ar ' Sailor that England ever bred, and confulted the Ho nour 174 the HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver hour of his Country beyond all his Predeceffors. When Proteaor. fome of his M6n be{ng arjlore at Malaga refufed to do vJ-^ Honour to the Hoft as it paffed by, one of the Priefts raifed the Mob upon them. Upon which Blake fent a Trumpet to the Viceroy to demand the Prieft, who faying he had no Authority to deliver him up, the Ad miral anfwered, that if he did not fend him aboard in three Hours he would burn the Town about their Ears ; upon which he came, and begg'd Pardon ; theAdmiral, after a fevere Reprimand, told him, that if he had com plained to him of his Sailors he would have punifhed them, but he would have all the World know, that an Englifhman was only to be puniftied by an Englifhman, and fo difmiffed him, being fatisfied that he had ftruck Terror into the Prieft, and had him at his Mercy. When Oliver read this Paffage of Blake's Letter in Coun- Burnet, cil, he faid, He hoped to make the Name ofi an Englifh p- 81. Manas great as ever that of a Roman had been. The Admiral kept an exact Difcipline in the Fleet, and taught his Men to defpife Caftles on Shore, as well as Ships at Sea. Valour feldom miffed its Reward with him, nor Cowardice its Punifhment. He had a no ble publick Spirit, for after all his Services for the Ho nour of his Country, and Opportunities of getting immenfe Riches from the Spaniards, he died not five Hundred Pounds richer than his Father left him. His Body was brought by Water to Greenwich, and buried in a moft magnificent Manner, in a Vault made on purpofe in King Henry Seventh's Chapel, at the pub lick Expence ; but at the Reftoration, his Body was ta ken out of the Grave, and flung with others into a common Pit ; and his Brother, being a Di (Tenter, fuf fered fo many Hardfhips for Religion in King Charles the Second's Reign, that he was obliged to fell the little Eftate the Admiral left him, and tranfport himfelf and Proteaor Children to Carolina. conftitutes By the Second Article of the Humble. Advice, which an upper appoints all future Parliaments to confift of two Hou- plrlia- ks* ^ie Form of the prefent Government began to ment. change Chap.III. ^f c/Puritans. ,175 change in favour of the antient Conftitution. The Oliver Proteclor, purfuant to the Powers given him, xaa.deProtfaoPi feveral Promotions of Knights and Lords, and in the y^J^j Month of December iffued out Writs, by Advice of his Council, to divers Lords and Gentlemen, to fit as Members of the Other Houfe, at the next Seffion of Parliament, Jan. 20. His Intention was to have this Houfe considered as a Houfe of Peers, tho' he declin'd giving it that Name till a more favourable Conjuncture. Some declined the Honour, and chofe to fit in the Lower Houfe, but between Fifty and Sixty appeared, among whom were Seven or Eight of the antient Peers, divers Knights and Gentlemen of good Fami lies, and fome few chief Officers of the Army. They met in the Houfe of Lords, whither his Highnejs came at "the Time of their Meeting, and according to anti ent Cuftom, fent the Ufoer ofi the Black Rod to bring up the Commons, to whom he made a fhort Speech from the Throne, beginning with the ufual Form, My Lords, and you the Knights, Citizens, and Bur- geffies, &c. and then as our Kings ufed to do, he re ferr'd them to the Lord Commiffioner Fiennes, who tir'd them with a long and perplexed Harangue before they enter'd upon Bufinefs. This hafty Refolution of the Protector and his Coun- Bad Con- cil had like to have fubverted the infant Government,/*'?"*'"" for many of the Protector's beft Friends being called^2'* out of the Lower Houfe to the Upper, the Balance of Power among the Commons was changed ; whereas, if he had deferr'd the Settling of the Upper Houfe till the prefent Parliament had been diffolved, they would have gone through their Bufinefs without Interruption ; but the Lower Houfe was now in a Flame, fome being difappointed of their Expectations, and others envied for their Advancement, infomuch that as foon as they returned to their Houfe, they call'd for the third Arti cle of the Humble Advice, which fays, that no Members legally chofen Jhall be excluded from perjorming their Duty but by conjent oj the Houfie ofi which they are Members ; *76 The HISTORY Vol IV. Oliver Members \ and then to ftrengthdn their Party, they1 Pronaor. ordered all thofe who had been excluded laft Seffions* \S\2+*i becaufe they would not recognize the new Government; to return to their Places ; which was no fooner done but they began to call in queftion the Authority and Jurifdiction of the other Houfe, tho' themfelves had ad- vifed it, and tho' there was almoft the fame Reafon for their being an Upper, as for the others being a Lower Houfie ; but thefe Gentlemen were determined to erect an abfolute Commonwealth on the Ruins of the prefent Family. Many degrading 'Speeches were made in the Lower Houfe againft the Perfons that fat in the Upper, who were no lefs refolute in defending their Honours and Characters ; fo that there was no Prcfpsct of an Agreement till the Protector himfelf appeared, and having fent for them to Whitehall, fpoke with fuch an Accent in favour of the Other Houfe, that they returned and acknowledged it; but then they went on to re-examine the Validity of the whole Inftrument of Government, as being made when many Members were excluded. Upon which the Proteclor being out of all Patience, went to the Houfe and diffolved them after they had fat but about fifteen Days. Proteaor1 's The Protector's Speech upon this Occafion will STnP Sive the Reac4lCr me beft Idea of the State of the Na- *lutio> * of ti°n' which was to diis Purpofe ; " I had comfortable the Par- " Expectations that God would make the Meeting of Hament. " this Parliament a Bleffing, for the Improvement Rapin, « of Mercy, Truth, Righteoufnefs and Peace. I was P- 137* «' drawn into this Office of Protector by your " Petition and Advice, there is not a Man living that «' can fay I fought it, but after I v/as petitioned and " advifed to take the Government upon me, I ex- " peeled that the fame Men that made the Frame " fhould make it good to me I told you at a " Conference, that I would not accept the Govern- " ment unlefs there might be fome Perfons to inter- " pofe between me and the Houfe of Commons, and Chap.III. of the Puritans. 177 " it was granted I fhould name another Houfie, which Oliver " I did, of Men of your own Rank and Quality, Proteaor. " who will fhake Hands with you while you love the ^Jff^j " Intereft of England and Religion Again, I " would not have accepted the Government unlets. " mutual Oaths were taken to make good what was " agreed upon in the Petition and Advice ; and God " knows, I took the Oath upon the Condition expref- " fed, and thought we had now been upon a Founda- " tion and Bottom, otherwife we muft neceffarily have " been in Confufion. I do not fay what the Meaning " of the Oath was to you ; that were to go againft " my own Principles, but God will judge between us j " but if there had been any Intention in you of a " Settlement, you would have fettled on this Balis. " But there have been Contrivances in the Army " againft this Settlement by your Confent. I fpeak " not this to the Gentlemen, or Lords (pointing to " his right Hand) whatfoever you will call them, of " the other Houfie, but to you ; You advifed me to " accept of this Office, and now you difpute the " Thing that was taken for granted, and are in dan- " ger of running the Nation back into more Confu- " fion within thefe fifteen Days you have fat, than it " has been fince the Rifing of the laft Seffion, from " an immoderate Defign of restoring a Commonwealth, " that fome People might be the Men that might rule " all, and they are endeavouring to engage the Army " in the Defign ; which is hardly confiftent with the " Oath you have taken to the prefent Government. " Has that Man been true to the Nation, whofoever " he is, that has taken an Oath, thus to prevaricate ? " Thefe Things are not according to Truth, pretend " what you will, but tend to play the King of Scots " Game, which I think my felf bound before God to " do what I can to prevent. There are Preparations " of Force to invade us ; the King, of Scots has an " Army at the Water-fide ready to be (hipped for " England. I have it from thofe who have been Eye- Vol.IV. N "Wit- }7? The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Pfotal " Wltneffes of k i and w»ife this is doing there are rlLjf'f " Endeavours of fome not far from this Place, to ftir y'V*^ " UP t^ie Pe°ple °f this Town into Tumulting, what " if I had faid Rebellion, and I hope to make it ap- " pear to be no better, if God affift me. You have " not only endeavoured o peiwert the Army while " you have been r , but fome, of you have been " lifting Perfcx. j Commiffion from Charles Stuart " to join with any Infurrection that may be made, and " what is like to be the End of this but Blood and " Confufion ! Now if this be the Cafe, I think it " high Time to put an end to your Sitting, and I do " accordingly diffolve this Parliament ; and let God " judge between me and you." • tiftfZ" The Proteclor being now. convinced, that the Di- the Army. fturbances in Parliament arofe from the chief Officers of the Army, who clog'd his Affairs in order to in troduce a Commonwealth Government, refolved to clear his Hands of them at once ; Harrifon and Lud low were laid afide ; Fleetwood was recalled from his Government in Ireland ; Major General Lambert was ordered to furrender his Commiffion ; and the Reft were obliged to take an Oath not to oppofe the prefent Government. By fuch Methods he went on purging the Army and Navy ; and if he had lived a litde lon ger would have had none in Power but fuch as were thoroughly attached to his Perfon and Government. It was obferved after this, that all Things fucceeded at home and abroad according to his wifh ; and that his Power and Greatnefs were better eftablifhed than ever, tho' there were a few Malecontents that were fo hardy as to attempt fome little Difturbances ; but the Difafters that betel the Protector's Family foon after broke the Firm- Andpro- nefs °* his Conftitution, and haften'd his End. jeasan It was his Highnejs's Ambition, not only to fet Vfiionof himfelf at the Head of the Proteftant Intereft, but to reZned Jf "^ *e whole Body, and unite the feveral Intereft. Members, fo as that it might rival in Greatnefs and Bum. Power the Church of Rome it felf. Bifhop Burnet in- V- 77- forms Chap.III. of the Puritans. 179 forms us, That he had projected a Sort of General Oliver Council, to be fet up in Oppofition to the Congrega- Proteaor. tion De Propaganda Fide at Rome ; it was to confift of >J- t became Vicar of All Saints in Northampton Arch deacon of Norwich, and Prebendary of Worcefter ; which Places he held till his Death, which did not happen till 1693. . . Nov.24. HisHighnefs fign'd a Commiffion, appointing^ ' *P- his younger Son Henry to be Lord Lieutenant of/, ^£Jw with a Power of conferring the Honour of Knighthood. ^ &/> Hrary was a wife and difcreet Governor, and by his pru- Ireland< dent Behaviour kept the Irifo in Awe and brought the Nation into a fiourifoing Condition._ Upon the Accci- fion of Richard to the Protedorflup he adviled him to abide by the Parliament, and haye a watchrul Eye over the Army, whom he fufpcfted to be defigning Mifchief (as appears by his Letters now before me) Nay, he offered to come over to his Affiftance, but was forbid till it was too late. When Richard was de, pofed his Brother Henry laid down his Charge and came over to England, and lived privately upon a little Eftate of his own in Northamptonjbtre till his Death. While he was in Ireland he behaved with fuch a generous Impartiality as gained him the Efteem even of the Royalifts themfelves ; and after Ins Retirement Kino- Charles II. did him once the Honour of a Vifit : He had a Son who was bred to Arms, and died in the Service of the Crown about the Year 171 1. anu left behind him feveral Sons, who are yet living in the City of London, and are the only Defendants of th, Proteclor Cromwel, the Posterity of Richard being ^tS Royal Society, which lias been the Or-O^/ hament of the Englijh Nation, by the vaft Improve-^ ^ ments it has made m natural and experimental P^cicty. fophy, was formed at Oxford in thefe limes, which fome have reprefented as covered with Ignorance, Bar- aland Pedantry : The Words of Bifhop Sprats their Hiftan, are thefe, « It was fome Spacers? 1 82 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Oliver « the End of the Civil Wars at Oxford, in Dr. Wil- \£Z' " kins>s Lodgings' in Wadham College, which was X>>r\r^, " then the Place of Retort for virtuous and learned " Men, 2l\2/ the firft Meetings were made which laid " the Foundation of all that followed. The Univer- " fity had, at that Time, many Members of its own, " who had begun a free Way of Reafoning, and was. " alfo frequented by fome Gentlemen of Philofophi- " cal Minds, whom the Misfortunes of the Kingdom, " and the Security and Eafe of a Retirement among " Gownfmen had drawn thither The Principal, . " and moft conftant of them were, Dr. Seth Ward, " Mr. Boyle, Dr. Wilkins, Sir William Petty, Mr. " Matthew Wren, Dr. Wallis, Dr. Goddard, Dr. Willis, " Dr. Bathurft, Dr. Cbriftopher Wren, and Mr. Rook ; " befides feveral others who joined them on Occafions. f« Their Meetings were as frequent as their Oc- " cations would permit ; their Proceedings were upon '" fome particular Trials in Chymiftry or Mechanicks, " which they communicated to each other. They " continued without any great Interruption till the " Death of the Protector, when their Meetings were " transferred to London." Here they began to enlarge their Defign, and formed the Platform of a Philofo- phical College, to enquire into the Works of Nature : They fet up a Correfpondence with learned Foreigners, and admitted fuch into their Numbers without diftin ction of Names or Parties in Religion ; and were at length incorporated by Royal Patent, or Charter, in the Year 1663. Death of This Year died Mr. John Langley, the noted Ma- Afr.Lang-fter of St. Paul's School, London ; he was born at Jey- Banbury in Oxfordshire, about the Year 161 2. he commenc'd M. A. and was Prebendary of Gloucefier, where he kept a School for twenty Years. In the Year 1 640. he fucceeded Dr. Gill, chief Mafter of St. Paul's School, where he educated many who were afterwards ferviceable in Church and State. He was, an univerfal Scholar, an excellent Linguift, Gram-,' niarianj Chap.III. ef^fc Puritans. 183 marian, Hiftorian, Cofmographer, a moft judicious Oliver Divine, and fo great an Antiquarian (lays the Oxfiori.Protfjor' Hiftorian) that his Delight and Acquaintance in Anti-S^^/- quiry deferves greater Commendation than can be gi ven in a few Lines. He was efteemed by learned Men, and particularly by Mr. Selden ; but was not re garded by the Clergy becaufe he was a Puritan, and a Witnefs againft Archbifhop Laud at his Trial. He was a Member of the Affembly of Divines, and died at his Houfe next adjoining to St. Paul's School, Sept. 13. 1657. Dr. Reynolds preached his Funeral Sermon, and gave him a very high Encomium. Mr. Obadiah Sedgwick was born at Marlborough in Of Mr. the Year 1600. and educated in Magdalen College, Ox- Sedgwick jord, where he took the Degrees in Arts, and was af terwards Chaplain to Sir Horatio Vere, with whom he travell'd into the Low Countries. After his Return he became Reader of the Sentences 1629. and was after wards chofen Preacher to the Inhabitants of St. Mild red Breadftreet, London ; but being driven from thence by the Severity of the Governors of the Church he re tired to Coggejhall in Ejjex, where he continued till the Breaking out of the Civil Wars, In 1643. he was chofen a Member of the Affembly of Divines. In 1646. he became Preacher at St. Paul's Covent Gar den: He often preached before the Parliament, and was efteemed an Orthodox, as well as an admired Preacher. In the Year 1 6e,%. he was appoipted one of the Triers, and the Year after one of the Commiffion ers for ejecting fcandalous Minifters ; bur finding his Health declining he refigned his Preferments, and re- tir'd to his native Town of Marlborough, where he died the Beginning of January, 1657. Mr. Edward Corbet was born in Shropfoire, andO/VS/--. educated in Merton College, Oxfiord, where he tookc°rDeitl the Degrees in Arts, and was made Probationer 'Fel- J°° s low of his College. In 1638. he was one of the Proc tors of the Univerfity 5 but being a Puritan Divine was dwied the Rectory of Chatham by Archbifhop N 4 Lan-i% •» l84 The HISTORY Vol. IV. P?otlaor imr' then in the To^er ; uPon which an Ordinance of '657. ' E arJ.ian?ent came out> May 17. 164.3. appointing him s^y^. Rector of Chatham. He was a Member of the Af fembly of Divines, a Witnefs againft the Archbifhop at his Trial ; one of the Preachers appointed to recon cile the Oxjord Scholars to the Parliament ; and af terwards one of the Vifitors, Orator, and Canon of Chrift Church, in the Room of Dr. Hammond, which he foon after quitted, and became Redor of Great Hajeley m Oxfordfoire, where he continued to his Deatfo He was a very confiderable Divine, a valu able Preacher, and a Perfon of great Confcience and Honefty. Of Mr. Mr. James Cranjord was born in Coventry, and Cranford. feme Time Mafter of ^ -^ ^^ ^ , He ^ Ath Ox ^ucated In Balio1 College, Oxjord, where he took the p. z 1 1 . Degrees in Arts, and was at length Rector of St. Chri- Jtopher's le Stocks, near the Old Exchange, London. He was an exad Linguift, well acquainted with the -Fathers and . Schoolmen, as well as with the modern 1,11 . Jivines; a zealous Prefbyterian, and a laborious Worthies Pr?acher- Mr. ^r adds, That he was a fubtle Dif- Book Ill'.Pf am:> orth0dox in Judgment, and a Perfon of great p. 128. Humility, Charity, and Moderation towards all Men. In the Beginning of the Civil Wars he was appointed Licenfer of the Prefs in London, which gave him an Occafion to write feveral Epistles before Books, be tides fome Treatifes that, he publifhed of his own. He ™%firf! *7- i£>57- "aged about Fifty five Years. 1658. The Protector's Arms were no lefs fuccefsful this ££2 UmmCr' *• " ]5 f°r in theMonthpf June, Marfhal Tu- tothe^rrfn{m, ^nft'on with theEnglifoPorces, laid fiegeto m/ Dunkirk, then in Poffeffion of , the Spaniards, which brought on a Battle between the two Armies: The Jgantjb Forces confuted of 30000 Men, but Major General Morgan, who covered the Siege, attacked the right Wing of the Spanifo Army which came to relieve it with 6000 Englijh, who routed tne whole Army, which was followed with the Surrender of Chap.III. c//^ Puritans. 185 of the Town, June 25. The French look'd on, and Oliver faid, They never faw a more glorious Action in their Proteaor. Lives. Cardinal Mazarine intended to keep this im- ^J*^ portant Place in French Hands, contrary to the late Treaty ; of which his Highnefs being informed, ac quainted the Ambaffador; but his Excellency denying any fuch intended Breach of Contract, the Protector pulled out of his Pocket a Copy of the Cardinal's pri vate Order, and defired him to let his Eminence know, that if the Keys of Dunkirk v/ere not delivered to Lock- hart within an Hour after it was taken, he would come in Perfon, and demand them at the Gates of Paris ; and the Cardinal had too great a Dread of the Name of Cromwel to deny any Thing he required. By this Conqueft the Protector gained immortal Glory, becaufe it gave the Englifo a Settlement on the Conti nent, and made them Mafters of both Sides of the Channel. How bafely it was fold by Lord Clarendon to the French will be feen hereafter. The enthufiaftick Republicans, or Fifth Monarchy Plot of Men, having failed of their Defign in Parliament, Fifth Me- agreed, to the Number of three Hundred, to attempt a '^f Revolution of Government by Force, and having killed Co | the Protector, to proclaim King Jesus; but Secretary Hift. Thurloe, who never fpared coft to gain Intelligence, p. 223, had a Spy among them, who difcovered their In- Eachard, trigues, and feized their Arms and Ammunition in P- 73°< Shoreditch, with their Standard, containing a LionC ouch- ant, alluding to the Lion of the Tribe of Judah,wixh this Motto, Who will Rouse him up. The chief of the Confpirators, as Venner, Gray, Hopkins, Sec. were imprifoned in the Gate-Houje till the Protector's Death, with their Accomplices, Major General Harri- fion, Colonel Rich, Colonel Danvers, and others, after which they created new Disturbances, which haftned their own Destruction, foon after the King's Reftoration. But the moft formidable Confpiracy againft the Go- And of the vernment was a new one of the Cavaliers, with which the Cavalier*, Protector acquainted the Lord Mayor and Common- Coun-? 186 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver Council of the City in a Speech, wherein he informed Proteaor. xh£m that the Marquis of Ormond had been privately in l^-^ London three Weeks to promote the King's Affairs, who Jay ready on the Coaft with an Army of eight Thoufand Men, and Twenty two Ships ; that there was a Defign to feize the Tower ; and that feveral ill affected Perfons were endeavouring to put themfelves in Arms for that purpofe ; he therefore defired them to put the City into a Posture of Defence, profeffing a more paffionate Regard for their Safety than his own, The Citizens returned his Highnejs Thanks, and in an Addrefs promifed to defend his Perfon and Govern ment with their Lives and Fortunes. The like Ad- dreffes came from feveral of the Regiments at home, and from the Englifh Army in Flanders. This was the Plot the Protector mentioned in his Speech to the Parliament, and was difcovered by one Stapley, whofe Father had been one of the King's Judges. Imme diately after the Diffolution of the Parliament three of the Confpirators were apprehended, and tried before an High Court ofi Juftice, according to the late Act jor the Security of his Highnejs' s Perjon. Mr. Mor- daunt, younger Son and Brother of the Earl of Peter borough, was acquitted by one Vote ; but the other two, Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewet were con- pr: Hew- demned.- The Doctor was indicted for holding Cor- pCs Trial. refpondence with Charles Stuart, for publifh- £achard. jng him to be King of England, Scotland, and Ire land; and for fending him Money. He behaved with great Boldnefs towards his Judges, and kept his Hat upon his Head while the Charge was reading ; but an Officer being fent to take it off, he faved him the Trouble. The Doctor then refufed to plead three Times, difowning the Jurifdiction of the Court ; but tho' they read the Claufe in the late Act, by which they were empowered to be his Judges, he continued mute ; upon which one of the Judges fummed up the Life of Charge, and was going to pronounce Sentence, when Barwick, he offered to put himfelf upon his Trial, but he was ?' *75- l toft Chap.III. of the P'u ritan s. 187 told it was then too late, fo Judgment wis given Oliver againft him as a Mute. The Doctor had prepared aProtff^' Plea and Demurer to the Jurifdiction and Proceedings J~A-^ ol the Court, and Exceptions to their Judgment, drawn up in Form by Counfel, and ready to be en grafted, but was not fuffered to have them argued. However, he had the "Favour of being beheaded on Tower-Hill, June 8. 1658. being attended by Doctor Wild, Dr. Warmefiry, and Dr. Barwick. His Fune ral Sermon was preached the Sunday after by Mr. Nath. Hardy at St. Dionis Back Church, in Lime- fireet ; and foon after, both the Sermon, and the Do ctor's intended Defence were publifhed, entitled, Be headed Dr. John Hewet'i Ghoft crying jor Juftice ; containing his legal Plea, Demurer, and Exceptions to the Jurifdiction of the Court, &c. drawn up by his Counfel Mr. William Prynne. The Doctor was a Cambridge Divine, but lived at Offord, and in the Army, till the End of the War, when he came to London, and was permitted to preach in the Church of St. Gregory's, London, tho' he was known to be a Malignant. After his Conviction the Lady Claypole, and Lady Falconbridge, the Protector's Daughters, interceded with their Father for his Life ; but becaufe he difputed the Authority of the Court, which ftruck at the very Life of his Government, the Protector would not pardon him. But he told Dr. Manton, one of his Chaplains, that if Dr. Hewet had fhewn himfelf an ingenious Perfon, and would have owned what he knew was his Share in the Defign againft him, he would have fpared his Life ; but he faid he would not be trifled with, and the Dr. was of fo obftinate a Temper that he was refolved he fhould die ; and the Protector convinced Dr. Manton before he parted, that he knew without his Confeffion how far he was engaged ;n the Plot. Three more of the Confpirators were execu ted Jn other Parts of the City, but the reft were pardoned. A little before the Protector's Death the IndcPenvlJfil dants petitioned his Highnejs for Liberty to hold a^j^e/ Synod, pendants, 188 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver Synod, \n order to publifh to the World an uniform Proteaor. Confeffion of their Faith. They were now become a v^v^J confiderable Body, their Churches being encreafed both in City and Country, by the Addition of. great Numbers of rich and fubftantial Perfons ; .but they were not agreed upon any Standard of Faith or Difci pline. The Prefbyterians in the Affembly of Divines had urged them to this ; and their Brethren in New England had done it ten Years ago ; nor were the Englifo Independants infenfible of the Defect ; for hi- Confef. therto (fay they) there have " been no Affociation of Pref. « our Churches, no Meetings of our Minifters to pro- p. 6. « mote the common Intereft ; our Churches are like " fo many Ships launched fingly, and failing apart " and alone in the vaft Ocean of thefe tumultuous " Times, expofed to every Wind of Doctrine ; un- " der no other Conduct than the Word and Spirit, " . and their particular Elders, and principal Brethren, " without Affociations among themfelves, or fo much " as holding out a common Light to others, whereby " to know where they were." To remedy this fome of their Divines, and principal Brethren in London met together, and propofed, that there might be a Correfpondence among their Churches in City and Country for Counfel and mutual Edification ; and for as much as all Sects and Parties of Chriftians had pub lifhed a Confeffion of their Faith, they apprehended the World might reafonably expect it from them ; for thefe Reafons they petitioned the Proteclor for Liberty to affemble for this Purpofe. This was oppofed by fome of the Court, as tending to eftablifh a Separation between them and the Prefbyterians ; nor was the Pro tector himfelf fond of it; however, he gave way to their Importunity, and, as Mr. Eachard reprefents that Matter, when he was moved upon his Death-bed to difcountenance their Petition, he replied, They mufi be fatisfied, they muft be Jatisfied, or we Jhall ell run back into Blood again , But Chap.III. 'c//^ Puritans. 189 But the Protector did not live to fee the Fruits of Oliver this Affembly, which was appointed to be at the Savoy, Proteaor. Oclober 12. 1658. where Minifters and Meffengers SJ^5^_/ from above one Hundred Congregational Churches fheir Af met together, of which the Majority were Laymen ;fembly. the reft Paftors of Churches, and fome younger Di- Calamy's vines about the Court, as the Reverend and Learned Abridg. Mr. John Howe, at that Time Chaplain to the young ' Protector and others. They opened their Synod witfr a Day of Failing and Prayer, and after fome Debate, whether they fhould adopt the doctrinal Articles of the Weftminfter Affembly for their own, with fome Amend ments and Additions, it was thought more advifable to draw up a new Conjeffwn, but to keep as near as poffible to the Method and Order of the other. A Committee of the moft eminent Divines was chofen for this Work (viz.) Dr. Tho. Goodwin, Dr. Owen ; Mr. Phil. Nye, Mr. William Bridge of Yarmouth, Mr. Jo J. Caryl, and Mr. William Greenhill. While thefe were employed in preparing, and putting together the Articles of their Confeffion, the Synod heard Com plaints, and gave Advice in feveral Cafes which were brought before them, relating to Difputes or Differences in their Churches. The particular Heads . of Doctrine agreed to by the Committee were prefent ed to the Synod every Morning, and read by the Re verend Mr. George Griffith their Scribe. There were fome Speeches and Debates upon Words and Phrafes, but at length all acquiefced, and the Whole was foon after publifhed in Quarto, under the Title of A Decla ration ofi the Faith and Order owned and praSiified in the Congregational Churches in England, agreed upon, and conjented unto by their Elders and Meffenger s in their Meeting at the Savoy, Octob. 12. 1658. Next Year it was tranflated into Latin by Profeffor Hornbeek, and publifhed at the End of his Epifiola ad Duraum de Independent iffimo. Some imputed their Unanimity to the Authority and Influence of Dr. Owen, Mr. Nye, and the reft of the elder Divines over the Younger ; but they i9o The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver they themfelves in their Preface, " look upon k as a Proteaor. <.<. great atlj fpecial Work of the Holy Ghoft, that fo ^L*^ " numerous a Company of Minifters, and other prin- " cipal Brethren, fhould fo readily, fpeedily, and " jointly give up themfelves to fuch an whole Body of " Truths as is there Collected." They add further, " That this Agreement of theirs fell out without their " having held any Correfpondence together, or pre- «' pared Consultation, by which they might be advi- " fed of one another's Minds." Which I confefs is very extraordinary, confidering the Confeffion confifts of Thirty three Chapters, in which are almoft two Hundred diftinct Articles of Faith and Difcipline ; and that the whole Time of the Synod's Seffions, or Continuance, was not above eleven or twelve Days. 'Abftraa The Savoy Confeffion proceeds upon the Plan of the of their fVefiminfier Affembly, which made the Work very Lon/ej/ion. eajy ^ an[j jn moQ- places retains their very Words, They tell the World in their Preface, that they fully confent to the Weftminfter Conjeffion for the Subftance of it, but have taken Liberty to add a few Things, in order to obviate fome erroneous Opinions that have been more boldly maintained of late than in former Times. They have likewife varied the Method in fome Places, and have here and there expreffed them- ' felves more clearly, as they found Occafion. They have omitted all thofe Chapters in the AfTembly's Confeffion which relate to Difcipline, as the 30th and 31ft, with part of the 20th and 24th, relating to the Fewer oj Sy nods, Counjcls, Church Cenjnrcs, Marriage and Di vorce, and the Power ofi the Civil Magifirate in Mat ters of Religion. Thefe (fay they) were fuch doubt ful Affertions, and fo unfuited to a Confeffion of Faith, that the Englifo Parliament would never ratify them, there being nothing that tends more to heighten Disten tions among Brethren, ¦ than to place thefe doubtful Spe culations under fo high a Title as a Confeffion of Faith. After the 19th Chapter of the AfTembly's Confeffion, Of the Law, the Savoy Divines have added an entire. Chap- Chap.III. the of Puri tans. 191 Chapter, Of the Gofipel, in which what is difperfed up Oliver and down in the Affembly's Confeffion is collected, Protest**^ and put together. But upon the Whole, the Diffe- "^1^ rence between thefe two Confeffions, in points of. Do- ctrine is fo very fmall, that the modern Independants have in a manner laid afide the Ufe of it in their Fa milies, and agreed with the Prefbyterians in the Ufe of the Affembly's Catechifm. At the End of the Savoy Confeffion there is a Chap ter of Difcipline, entitled, Ofi the Infiilution of Churches, and the Order appointed in them by Jefius Chrift ; in which they affert, " That every particular Society of vifible Profef- Of their " fors agreeing to walk together in the Faith and Or- Difcipline. " der of the Gofpel is a compleat Church, and ha&Indeten' " full Power within it felf to elect and ordain all^ f 1 .-»»*- /-.n- Laurcoes. " Church Officers, to exclude all Offenders, and to " do all other Acts relating to the Edification and " Well-being of the Church. " That the Way of ordaining Officers, that is, Pa-Ordina- " fiors, Teachers, or Elders, is after their Election, tion of Pa- " by the Suffrage of the Church, to fet them Apart/""' &c' " with Falling and Prayer, and ImpofitioJJof the «' Hands of the Elderfhip of the Church, tho', if " there be no Impofition of Hands, they are never- " thelefs rightly conftituted Minifters of Chrift; but " they do not allow that Ordination to the Work of " the Miniftry, tho' it be by Perfons righdy ordain- " ed, does convey any Office-Power, without a pre- " v'ious Election of the Church. " That no Perfons may administer the Sacrament Their li- " but fuch as are ordained and appointed thereunto. mited Ju- " Nor are the Paftors of one Church obliged to 2A-rifi'aion' " minifter the Sacraments to any other, than to the " Members of that Church to whom they ftand rela- ',' ted in that Capacity. Nor may any Perfon be " added to the Church, as a private Member, but by " the Confent of the Church, after a Confeffion of his " Faith, declared by himfelf, or otherwife manifefted. « They i§2 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Oliver « They difallow the Power \)f all ftated Synods, "Proteaor. « Prefbyteries, Convocations, and Affemblies of Di- ^J5^ « vines 0ver particular Churches, but admit, that in Of Synods " Cafes of Difficulty, or Difference relating to Do- and Coun-<-1- clrine or Order, Churches may meet together by cits. « their Meffengers in Synods or Councils, to confider " and give Advice, but without exercising any Jurif- " diction. AndofOc- " And Laftly, They agree, that Churches confift- cafonal « jng Qf perfons found in the Faith, and of good mm " Converfation, ought not to refute Communion with " each other, tho' they walk not in all Things accord- ' " ing to the fame Rule of Church Order; and if they " judge other Churches to be true Churches, tho' lets " pure, they may receive to Occafional Communion " fuch Members of thofe Churches as are credibly te- " ftified to be godly, and to live without Offence. " Thefe Opinions (fay they) may appear new to a " great many People, becaufe they have not been " openly and publickly profeffed in the Englifo Na- " tion, but we are able to trace the Footfteps of an " Independant Congregational Way, in the antienteft " Pdjtice of the Church, and in the Writings of the Their Sen-'-'- foundeft Proteftant Divines." They add, "That timents of « their Principles do not in the leaft interfere with the Liberty. tc Authority of the Civil Magifirate, nor do they con- " cern themfelves upon any Occafions with him, any " further than to implore his Protection, for the Pre- " fervation of the Peace and Liberty of their Churches." They glory in this, that ever fince they appeared in the World, they have diftinguifhed themfelves in the Caufe of Chriftian Liberty. " We have always, fay " they, maintained this Principle, That among all " Chriftian States and Churches there ought to be a " Forbearance, and mutual Indulgence to Chriftians of " all Pcrjuafons, that keep to, and hold faft the necef- " fiary Foundations ofi Faith and Holinefis. This Prin- " ciple we have maintained for the fake of others, " when we our Jelyes had no need of it." They con clude Chap.III. of the Pii ri tan s. 193 elude 'with Thankfulnefs to their prefent Governors, Oliver for permitting thofe who could not comply with die Proteaor. Prefbyterian ¦ Eftablifhment to enjoy the Liberty of ^Jz *^, their Confciences, and equal Encouragement, and Pro tection with others ; and that this" Liberty is cftablifh- ed by a Law, as long as they difturb not the publick Peace. ' This fhould ..engage us (fay they) to promote ' the Honour and Profperity of fuch a Government'; to 'be peaceably difpofed. one towards another, and fo love as 'Brethren, forafmuch as the Differences between Prefbyre'riahs and Independants are Differences be- ' tween Fellow-Servants, and that' neither of them have '' Authority froni'God or Man, to impofe their Opini ons iipon one another. Mr. Baxter, ' Otherwife a very peaceable and candid Rtmarks. Divine, ¦ lofes all Temper when he (peaks of this Af- L'fe> fembly :: He finds'fkult with their Definition of Jufii-^ 10')- fication, and makes thefe Remarks ; " They thought *"' it not enough' exprefly to contradict St. Jdmes, arid " to fay unlimitedly, thatwe' are jiifiified by the Righ- " teoufinefis of Chrifi only, and not by any Works, but " they contradicted St. Paul-- alfo, who fays, that " Faith is imputed for Right eoufinefis ; and not only " fo, but they afferted, tharwi? have no other Righte- " oujnefis' but that of Chrift. A Doctrine abhorred by " all the Reformed and Chriftian Churches, and which " (feys he), would be an utter Shame ofi the Proteftant " Name, if what fuch Men held and did, . were impu- " table tofober Proteftants." But isit'poffible that Mr. Baxter could believe, that the Savoy Divines deni ed the Neceffity of Sanctificatidh, or perfonal Holi nefs ? when they have a whole Chapter in their Con feffion upon Sdnclificati'on, another upon Repentance and good Works, and a Third upon the Moral Law, which they declare does for ever bind all Men to Obe dience, both : juftified and unjuftified. When Mr. Baxter afked. fome honeft Men who joined them, whe ther they fubfcribed the Confeffion ? They faid no ; he then enquired, why they did n^t -contradict this ? To Vol. IV. which m The HISTORY Vol.1 V. Oliver which they anfwer'dr becaufe the Meaning was, that they '*!'''' had no other Righteoufnefs but that of Chrift to be ju- J^-Y^jftified by ; which is certainly the Doctrine, of the Weft minfter Affembly. What does. Mr. Baxter reply to this?. Why nothing, - but adds very uncharitably, " That the Independant Confeffions are .like fuch " Oaths as fpeak one Thing and mean another ; fo " much could two Men, [Dr. Owen and Goodwin] do " with many honeft tractable young Men, who had " more Zeal for feparating Strictnefs than Judgment " to understand the Word of God, the Intereft of the " Churches and of themfelves." And yet there were in that Affembly many Divines of as great Age and Learning as himfelf; their Defign was not to under-value the Weftminfter Confeffion, but rather to anfwer the De- fires of that Affembly, by publifhing to the World fuch a Declaration of their Faith and Difcipline as they had demanded. And the Confeffion was fo far from rai sing any new Divifions, that Mr. Philip Henry ob ferves upon the Death of Cromwel, that there was a great Change in the Tempers of good People throughout the Nation, and a mighty Tendency. to Peace and Unity, as if they were by Confent weary of their long Clafhings. However, the Independants loft their beft Friend in the Protebtor, who was not only their Patron upon the Principle of Liberty, but a Balance to the Prefbyterian Pretences to Church Power. Danger The Hierarchy of the Church of England was now Hierarchy.** a yrTY low Ebb, and in danger of being loft be yond Recovery ; for if the Bifhops, who were now very antient, had all died off, before others were con fecrated, the Line of Succeffion muft have failed ; for the Church of Rome was fo far from supporting it, that they publifhed a Treatife this Year, Of the Na ture ofi the Catholick Faith, and of Herefiy ; in which they endeavour to invalidate the Englijh Ordinations, and revived the Story of the Nags-Head Club ; for the Truth of which they appealed to Dr. Moreton, the antient Bifhop of Durham, who in a folemn Speech made Chap.IlI. of the Pu ri tans. 195 made in full Parliament (fay they) declared in exprefs Oliver Words, that our firft Bifhops after the Reformation Proteaor. had been confecrated in a Tavern ; and that this was LJL^ fo far from being douhted, that' it was a Fact moft no torious to all the World; adding, thatthe reft of the Bifhops prefent rather approved, , than in the leaft op pofed what he had faid. The Bifhop, then in the Ninety fourth Year of his Age, being advifed of this Calumny, fent for a publick Notary from London, and in the Prefence of proper Witneffesf, made a. folemn Protestation of the Falfhood of this Story, and figned it in due Form, July 17. 1658.. He then fent his Chaplain, Dr. Barwick, to all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal then alive, who. had fat in that Parlia ment, defiring, that if they believed 'him undefervedly afperfed, they would atteft it by fubfcribing their Names ; which was done by fix Bifhops, and fourteen temporal Lords, and by the feveral Clerks and Regt- •fters of the Houfe. The Bifhop died foon after, but his Proteftation, with, the Proofs, was afterwards pub lifhed by Dr. Bramhal, Bifhop of Derry, in a Treatife entitled, The Gonfecration find Succeffion ofi Proteftant Bifoops juftified ; the Bifoop of Durefme vindicated ; and the Fable of the Ordination of the Nags- Head Club clearly confuted. This awakened the Clergy to enter upon Meafures for the Continuance of a Succeffion of Bifhops, tho' they could not be regularly chofen, left the Validity of the Epifcopal Miniftry fhould ceafe ; of which we fhall hear more under the next Year. Lord Clarendon mentions an Addrefs of the Ana- Addrefs of baptifis to the King, who being difappointed in their f^4"a" Expectations of a Commonwealth, threw themfelves at ap ' s' his Majefty's Feet, offering their Affiftance to pull down the prefent Government. In their Addrefs they fay, " they took up Arms in the late War for Liberty and " Reformation, but afture -his Majefty that they were " fo far from entertaining any Thoughts of calling off " their Allegiance, or extirpating the Royal Family, " that they had not the leaft Intent 19 abridge him of O 2 " his w- 196 The HISTORY Vol. IV; Oliver « his juft Prerogative v but only the Reftrairiing thofe 16 IT* "Exceffes; of Government, which were nothing but ^^5^. , " -the Excrefcencies of a Wanton Power, and were ra- " ther a Burden,- than an Ornament to the Royal Dia- " dem." They' then go on to declaim againft the Proteclor, calling him, that grand 'Impqftor, that loathfiomt- Hypocrite, that deteftable Traitor, the. Pro digy 'of Nature, the Opprobrium oj ^Mankind, a" Land- skip of Iniquity, a Sink ofi Sin,' a Compendium of Bafie- nefis. >i- And then begging -Pardon for their" former Of fences/ they promife to tacrifice their Lives and For tunes ¦- for his Majefty's Reftpfation, provided his Ma jefty would- be- fo gracious, as -to restore -the 'Remains of. the Long Parliament ¦; ' to ratify the Treaty, of the IJlt of Wight -, to '-eftafeliih- Liberty of Confidence ; to take away Tithes, and provide fome 'Other . Mainte nance for the National Clergy ; and to pafs an Aft of Oblivion,, for all who had been in Arms againft his Father and himfelf, except thofe who fhould adhere to -that, ungodly Tyrant who calls himfelf Proteclor. His Lordfhip adds, that the_ Meffenger that brought thefe Propofitions afking the Sum of two> Thoufand. Pounds to carry on .the Project,4 his Majefty difmiffed him with civil Expreffions,' telling him, he had no Defigns to trouble any Man for. his Opinion. However, if there had been fuch an Addrefs from the Body of the Anabaptifts, 'tis a little strange that after the Reftoration it was not remember'd to their Advantage. But his Lordfhip feems to have had no great Acquaintance with thefe Men, when he fays, they always pretended a juft Efteem and Value for all Men who faithfully adhered to the King, whereas they were of all the Sects moft zealous for a Commonwealth, and were Enemies to the Proteclor for no other Reafon, but be caufe he was for Government by a fingle Perfon. In- truth, this whole Affair feems no more than an Arti fice to get a little Money out . of the poor King's Purfe. The Y '~> Chap.III. ©//^Puritans. t97 The'Proteftor's Health was now declining, through p™^_ his advanced Age, and exceffive Toils and Fatigues. i6j8_ The reftlefs Spirits of the' Royalifts and Republicans ,^v .„. put him upon his Guard, infomuch that he. ufculy The Pro- wore under his Cloths a Piece of Armour, or a Coat *g«" of Mail. The Lofs of his beloved Daughter Claypole, andDJea(h who died this Summer, had alio a very ienfible Influ ence on his Health. About the Middle of Auguft he was feized'with a flow Fever, which turned to a ter tian Ague ; but the Distemper appeared fo favourable for a Time, that he walked Abroad in the Gardens at Hampton Court. Ludlow fays, the Protector had a Humour in- 'his Leg, which he defired the Phyficians to difperfe, by which means it was thrown into his Blood : At length his Pulfe began to intermit, and he was advifed to keep his Bed ; but his Ague Fits grow ing ftronger, it was thought proper to remove him to Whitehall, where he began to be light-headed ; upon which his Phyficians declared his Life in danger, and the Council being fummoned to defire him to nomi nate his Succeffor, he appointed his eldeft Son Richard. In the Intervals of his Fits he behaved with great De votion and Piety, but manifefted no Rembrie for his publick Actions ; he declared in general, that he de fined the Good Of the Nation, and to preferve it from A°narchy and a new War. ' He once afked Dr. Good-**"* win, who attended at his Bed-fide, and is find to have d > expreffed an unbecoming Affurance to Almighty God in Prayer of his Recovery, Whether a Man could fall from Grace ? Which the-Doctor anfwering in the Ne gative, the Protector replied, Then I am fafe, for J am Jure I was once in a State of Grace. ¦ About twerve Hours before he died he lay very quiet, when Major ¦Butler, being in his Chamber, fays he heard him make his laft Prayer to this Purpofe : " Lord, I am a poor » foolifh Creature j this People would fain have me " live ; they think it beft for them, and that it -will *< redound much to thy Glory, and all the- Stir n « about this. Others would fain have me die j Lortt - ' " Q 3 « par- I98 The HISTORY Vol.IV, Oliver « pardon them, and pardon thy foolifh People, forgive \L%. " ^eir Sins, and do not forfake them, but love and blefs; V-*-y>-' " an<^ &vc'tn':1^ Reft> ar*d bring them to a Confiftency, , '' and give me Reft, for Jefus Chrift'sfeke, to whom " with Thee, and thy Holy Spirit, be all Honour and " Glory, now and for ever. Amen." The Protector died, Sept. 3. 1658. about Three in the Afternoon, the Day on which he had triumphed in the Battles of Marfton-Moor, Dunbar, and Worcefier, when he had lived Fifty nine Years, four Months, and eight Days; four Years and eight Months after he Jiad been decla red Protector by the Inftrument of Government ; and one Year and three Months after his Confirmation by the Humble Petition and Advice. As he had lived moft Part of his Life in a Storm, his Death was attends ed with one of the greateft Flurricanes that,had been known for many Years. Some have faid, that next Night after his Death his Body was wrapped up in Lead and buried inNajeby Field, according to his Defire. Others, more probably, that it was interr'.d privately in a Vault in King Henry the Seventh's Chapel, fometime before the publick Funeral, which was performed Nov. 23. with all imaginable Grandeur and military Pomp, from Somerjet Houfie, where he had lain in State, to the Abbey Church in Weftminfter, where a fine Maufoleum was erected for him, on which his Ef figies was placed, and exhibited to the View of all Spectators for a Time ; but after the King's Reftora. tion his Coffin was taken out of the Vault; and drawn upon a Sledge to Tyburn, where it was hanged up till Sun-fet, and then buried under the Gallows. llisCba- Thus died the Mighty Oliver Cromwel, the greateft Soldier and Stafefman of his Age, after he had undergone exceffive Fatigues and Labours in a long Courfe of warlike Actions, and efcaped innumerable Dangers from the Plots and Confpiracies of domeftick Enemies, Few Historians have fpoken of him with Temper, tho' no other Genius, it may be, could have held the Reins, or fteer'd the Commonwealth, through raBer. Chap. III. jf/fe Puritans, 199 fo many tempeftuous Storms and Hurricanes, as the Oliver Factions of thefe Times had raifed in the Nation. Proteaor. He was born in Huntingtonfoire, April 25. 1599. -/-v-s*' and defcended of the Family of Williams, of Glamor gan in Wales, which affumed the Name of Cromwel by marrying with a Daughter of Cromwel, Earl of Ejfex, in the Reign of King Henry VIII. He was edu cated in Cambridge, and from thence became a Student, of Lincoln's Inn, being a wild and extravagant Youth till about the Thirty fifth Year of his Age, when he quitted his irregular Life, and became remarkably fo- ber. In the Year 1640. he was chofen Member of Parliament for the Town of Cambridge, and fit two Years undiftinguifhed in the Houfe, as a meer Coun-. try Gentleman, appearing (fays Sir Philip Warwick) in a pi tin Cloth Suit of Clothes made by a Country Taylor, his Linen not very clean, his Band unfafliicn-. able, his Hat without an Hatband, and his Sword clofe by his Side ; his Countenance was fwoln and red-v difh, his Voice hoarfe and untunable, but his Elocu tion was full of Fervor and Warmth, and he was well heard in the Houfe. His Perfon fomewhat exceeded the middle Stature, but was well proportion'd, and of a becoming Fatnefs. He had a mafculine Countenance, a fparkling Eye, a manly ftern Look, a ftrong Con-. ftittjtion, and was an Enemy to Eafe and Excels ; the Motto upon his Coat of Arms was, Pax quaritur Bello. Upon the Breaking out of the Civil War he took As a Sot, Arms for the Parliament, and tho' he was Forty three a'fr\ Years of Age before he drew a Sword, he foon be- 'a™£" ^ . ton j came Colonel of a Regiment of chofen Men, who cle-/^ 0f glared they fought not for Gain, but for the Caufe o/Cromw. Religion and Liberty. He always went to Prayer be-P- 243. fore Battle, and returned folemn Thanks for his Suc-Welw-_ cefs afterwards. He took exeat Care to promote an eni0,rs» ' ' D I C ' exact Difcipline in the Army, and would not have1' v pardoned his own Brother (fays my Author) if he had found him plundering the Country People. The Arr piy Jiad not an Officer that faced Danger with greater Q 4 latre- 2po The. HI STORY Vol. IV. Oliver. Intrepidity, nor that more ^eagerly fought Occafi- Proteaor. ons t0 jiftinguilh his perfonal Valour. He had a J-vW, Sreat Pretence of Mind in- the Heat of Action, and taught his Soldiers to fight in a more defperate Manner than ufual, not allowing them to difcharge their Mufquets till they were fo near the Enemy as to be fure of doing Execution. His Reputation rofe fo faft that he quickly became Major General, then Lieutenant General under Fairfax, and at laft his Sqc- ceffor. His Troops believed themfelves invincible under his Conduct ; he never loft a Battle where he had the chief Command. The Victory at Marfton Moor was chiefly afcribed to his Valour. The Re-r duction of Ireland in lefs than a Year made him the Terror of his Enemies ; and the Battles of Dunbar and Worcefter compleated his martial Glory. As a States How far his ufurping the Proteclorfoip of the three Man. Rations, without the previous Confent of Parliament, was neceffary, or criminal, has been confider'd alrea dy ; but if we view him as a States-Man, he was an able Politician, a bold and refolute Governor ; and tho? he had more numerous and powerful Enemies than any Man of the Age, he was never intimidated, but had a peculiar Art of keeping Men quiet, and gi ving them by turns hopes of his Favour. He had a wonderful Knowledge of Mankind, and an inimitable Art of diving into their very Hearts. If there was a Man in England that excell'-d in any Faculty or Sci ence, he would find him out, and reward him accord ing to his Merit. In nothing was his good Under- , itanding better difcovered (fays Bifhop Burnet) than In feeking out able and worthy Men for all Employ ments, which gave a general Satisfaction. By thefe Methods, in the Space of four or five Years, he carri ed the Reputation and Glory of the Englifo Nation as high as it was capable of being raifed. He was equal ly dreaded by France, Spain, and the United Provin ces, who condefcended to fervile Compliances to ob tain his Friendfhip ^ Charles Guftavus, King of Swe den, Chap. III. of the Puri tans. zoi den, thought himfelf honoured by his Alliance ; and Oliver Cardinal Mazarine- faid, that nothing but the King of Proteaor. France's having the Small Pox could have hinder'd , him from coming over to England, that he might have the Honour of waiting on one of the greateft Men that ever was. The Protector had an abfolute Command of hisHispub- Paffions, and knew how to behave in Character upon llck cha* all Occafions ; tho' in private Life he would be jocofe™ and merry with his Inferiors; yet no Prince kept greater State upon publick Occafions. HisAmbaffa- dors in foreign Courts had all the Respects paid them that our Kings ever had. All Europe trembled at his very Name ! And tho' he could converfe with no Fo reigners but in broken Latin, yet no Man had better Intelligence in all foreign' Courts, nor underftood the Interests of the feveral Princes better than, himfelf. Hemad Spies in the Courts of Spain and France, and was fo happy as to fix upon Perfons who never failed him. Mr. Algernoon Sydney, who was not inclined to think or fpeak well of Kings, commended him to Bifhop Burnet, as one that had juft Notions of publick Liberty ; and tho' he made fome fevere and cruel Laws againft the Epifcopal Clergy, it was not for their Religion, but becaufe they were open and decla red Enemies to his Perfon and Government. The Protector was a Proteftant, but affected to go His Reli- under no Denomination or Party • He had Chaplains.?""- of all Perfuafions ; and tho' he was by Principle an Independant, he looked upon all Reformed Churches as part of the Catholick Church ; and without aiming to eftablifh any Thing by Force or Violence, he witneffed, on all Occafions, an extreme Zeal for the Proteftant Religion, and a juft Regard for Liberty of Confcience. As to his moral Character, his greateft Enemies And moral have not charged him with any publick Vices. ~Qr.Char?a*r Welwood admits, that he was not addicted to Swear- Car™g- jng, Gluttony, Drunkennefs, Gaming, Avarice, or °n' g ' the ¦ 202 The H I S TO R Y Vol. IV. Oliver the Love of Women, but kept clofe to his Marriage Fr"&*&r **ec^ ^or *s ^e chargeable with Covetoufnefs, for it v^JL^ has been computed (fays the Writer of his Life) that he diftributed forty Thoufand Pounds a Year out of his Privy Purfe to charitable Ufes. He promoted vir tuous Men, and was inflexible in his Punifhment of ill Actions. His Court was regulated according to a moft ftrift Difcipline (fays Mr. Eachard J where every Vice was banifhed or feverely punifhed. He maintained a conftant Appearance of Piety, and was regular in his private and publick Devotions : He retired' conftantiy every Day to read the Scriptures and Prayer ; and fome who watched him narrowly have reported, that after he had read and expounded a Chapter he proftrated himfelf with his Face on the Ground, and with Tears poured out his Soul to God for a Quarter of an Hour. He was a ftrift Obferver of the Sabbath, and an Encou- rager of Goodnefs and Aufterity of Life. Mr. Badfter admits, that " he kept as much Honefty and Godlinefs " as his Caufe and Intereft would allow ; that he had " a Zeal for Religion, rheant honeftly in the main, " and was Pious in the main Courfe of his Life, till " Profperity corrupted him." His En- But* with all thefe good Qualities 'tis certain, the fhufiafm. Protector was a ftrong Enthufiaft, and did not take up his Religion upon rational or folid Principles, which led him into fundry Miftakes, not juftifiable by Reafon or Scripture. One of his Principles was called a particu lar Faith; that is, if any. Thing was ftrongly im- preffed upon his Mind in Prayer he apprehended it came immediately from God, and was a Rule of Action -, but if there were no Impreffions, but a Flatnefs in his Devotions, it was a Denial. Upon this Maxim he is fiid to fuffer the late King to be put to Death in an arbitrary a'nd illegal Manner Another Maxim was, that in extraordinary Cafes fiomelhing extraordi nary, or beyond the common Rules of Juftice, may be done ; that the moral Laws, tvhith are binding in or dinary Cafes, may then be dijpenficd with ; and that Chap. III. of the Pv kit a us. 203 Private Justice mufi give way to Pub-lick Oliver Necessity. Which was die Proteftor's governing Prot'dior. Principle in all his unwarrantable Stretches of Power. ^J*&j A third Principle by which the Protector was milled, was, his determining the Goodnefis oj a Caufe by the Succejs. An Appeal to the Sword was with him an Appeal to God ; .and as Victory inclined, God owned or difcountenanced the Caufe 'Tis impoffible that a Man's Conduct could be uniform or rational that was directed by fuch imaginary Principles. It has been further objected to the Proteftor's Chara- Objeaions fter, that he was notorioufly guilty of Hypocrijy and Dijfi- igainft mulation both to God and Man ; that he mocked God byhJm fnfi~ the Pretence of Piety and Devotion, and by long Pray- ' , ers full of hypocritical Zeal. But who can penetrate t;0„% into the Heart, to fee whether the outward Actions flow from an inward Principle ? With regard to Men ?tis certain the Proteftor knew how to addrefs their Paffions, and talk to them in their own Way ; and if in his Devotions he utter'd with his Mouth what his Heart never meant, no one can vindicate him: But Men are not flighdy to be arraign'd (fays Rapin) for the inward Motions of their Heart, which pafs all hu man Knowledge Befides, 'tis not eafy to conceive the watchful Eyes that were upon him, and the vaft Difficulties he had to contend with. Queen Eliza beth's Diffimulation has been extolled for the very fame Reafon that the Proteftor's is condemned : If therefore fuch a Conduct was neceffary to govern the feveral Parties, tiiere is nothing greatly Blame-worthy in it (fays the fame Author) unlets it was a Crime in him not to put if into the Power of his Enemies to deftroy him with the greater Eafe. Ambition, and Thirfi ofi Glory, might fometimes lead Ambition. the Proteftor afide, for he imagined himfelf to be a fecond Phineas^ raifed up by Providence to be the Scourge of Idolatry and Superftition, and in climbing up to the Pinnacle of supreme Power did not always keep within the Bounds of Law and Equity : To this fome 204 7^ HISTORY Vol.I V. Oliver., fome have afcribed his affuming the Proteftorfhip, and Proteaor. putting himfelf at the Head of three Kingdoms ; ' tho' kJ^Xj bthers are of Opinion, it was owing to hard Neceffity and "v^ Self Prefiervation. I will not venture to decide in this Cafe ; for poffibly there might be a Mixture of both. When he was in Poffeffion of the fovereign Power, no Man ever ufed it to greater publick Advantage, for he had a due Veneration for the Laws of his Country in all Things wherein the Life of his Jurifdiftion was not con cerned : And tho' he kept a Standing Army, they were " under an exaft Difcipline, and very little Burden to the People. Cruelty. The Charge of Cruelty, which is brought againft him, for having put fome Men to Death for confpi ring againft his Perfon and Government, deferves no Confutation, unlefs they would have had him fit ftill till fome Confpiracy or other had succeeded. Cruelty was not in his Nature ; he was not for unneceffary Effu sion of Blood. Lord Clarendon affures us, that when a general Maffacre of the Royalifts was propofed by the Officers in Council, he warmly oppofed and pre vented it. p, 1-62. Dr. Welwood compares the Prbteftor to an unufual Meteor, which with its furprizing Influences over- aWed not only three Kingdoms, but the moft power ful Princes and States about us. A great Man he was (fays he) and Pofterity might have paid a juft Ho mage to his Memory, if he had not embrued his Hands in the Blood of his Prince, and trampled upon the Liberties of his Country. Sum of his Tjp0n the Whole, it is not to be wonder'd, that the Charaiier Character of this Great Man has been tranfmitted down to Pofterity with fome Difadvantage, by the feveral Factions of Royalifts, Presbyterians, and Republicans, becaufe each were difappointed. and enraged to fee the fupreme Power wrefted from them ; but his Manage^ ment is a convincing Proof of his great Abilities : He was at the Helm in the moft ftormy and tempeftuous Seafon that Evgland ever faw ; but by his consummate Wif Chap. III. of -the P u r i tan s. 205 Wifdom and Valour he difconcerted the Meafures and Oliver Defigns-of his Enemies, and preferved both himfelf Pr.ote$or. and the Commonwealth from Shipwreck. I fhall vn-'\&&^ ly obferve further, with Rapin, that the Confufions that prevailed in England after the Death of Cromwel, clearly evidenced the Neceffity of this Ufurpation, at leaft till the Conftitution could be reftored. After his Death his great Atchievements were celebrated in Verfe by the greateft Wits of the Age, as Dr. Sprat afterwards' Bi fhop of Rochefter, Waller, Dryden, and others, who in their Panegyricks out-did every Thing which ' till that Time had been feen in the Englifo Language. Four Divines of the Affembly died this Year : Dr. Death John Harris, Son of Richard Harris of Buckingham- ef F)r- foire, born in the Parfonage Houfe of Hardwick in theJ°hn r" fame County, educated in Wickham School, near Win chefter, and in the Year 1606. admitted perpetual Fel low of New College. He was fo admirable a Grecian, and eloquent a Preacher, that Sir Henry Saville called him a fecond St. Chryjoftom. In 161 9. he was chofen Greek Profeffor of the Univerfity. He was afterwards Prebendary of Winchefter, Rector of Meonftoke in Hampfoire, and in the Year 1630. Warden of Wick ham College, near Winchefter ; in all which Places he behaved with great Reputation. In the Beginning of the Civil Wars he took part with the Parliament, was chofen one of the Affembly of Divines, took the Cove nant, and other Oaths, and kept his Wardenfhip to his Death ; he publifhed feveral learned Works, and died at Winchefter, Auguft 11. 1 658. aged Seventy Years. Mr. Sydrach Sympjon, a meek and quiet Divine, of the Of Mr. Independant Perflation, was educated in Cambridge^y^2-^ but forced to fly his Country for Non-Conformity insymp the Times of Archbifhop Laud. He was one of the Diffenting Brethren in the Affembly, and behaved with great Temper and Moderation. Bifhop Kennet fays, he was filenced for fome Time from Preaching* becaufe he differed in Judgment from the Affembly in Points of Church Difcipline, but was reftored to his Liber- so/5 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Oliver Liberty Oftober 28. 1646. He afterwards gathered 16*58?' a Congregation in London, after the Manner of the ^y\f Independants, which met in Ab -Church, near Ctf«7z V V ¦ He Chap.HI. of the Puritans. 207 He was a good Scholar, of great Serioufnefs, and tho' Oliver but a young Man, appointed one of the Affembly ofProt*a°r' Divines. After fome Time he joined the Indepen- \^-y-^j dants, and became one of the Diffenting Brethren in the Affembly. He had Offers of many Livings but refufed them, being diffatisfied with the Parochial Dif cipline of thofe Times ; neverthelefs, he was indefati gable in his Miniftry, preaching twice every Lord's Day to two large Congregations in the City, befides Lectures on the Week Days : This wafted his Strength, , and put an End to his Life about Midfiummer, 1658; in the Fifty third Year of his Age. His Family were afterwards great Sufferers by the Purchafe of Bifhops . Lands. CHAP. 2 Dut if ne refuted, they would quick- i^s-yy^ ly pull. him out of Whitehall. Upon this the timorous Gentleman being in Diftrefs, and deftitute of his Fa ther's Courage, fubmitted to part with the only Men who could fupport him;. . . . / L Richard After the Diffolutibn of the Parliament Richard be- thflrmy. camea Cypher in .the Government-; Lord Broghil, afterwards Earl of Orrery, advifed him to the laft to fupport the Parliament and declare, againft the Council of Officers ; and if he had allowed the Captain of his Guard at the fame Time to have fecured Fleetwood and Desborough, as he under took to do, with the Hazard of his Life, he might have been eftablifh'd ; but the poor-fpirited Pro tector told him, that he was afraid of Blood; upon which the Captain,'. Lord Howard, made his Peace with the King. The Officers at Wallingfiord Houfie having gained this Point, publifhed a . Declaration about twelve Days after, Without fo much as afking the Proteftor's Leave, inviting the Remains of the Long Parliament to refume the Government, who immediately declared their Refolutions for a Common wealth without a fingle Perfon, or Houfe of Peers. Pump Thus was the Grandeur of Cromwel's Family deftroy'd Portia- by the Pride and Refentment of fome of its own Ted r^°"Brancnes : Fleetwood had married the Widow of Ire ton, one of Oliver's Daughters, and being difappoint- , ed of the Proteftorfhip by his laft Will, was deter mined that no fingle Perfon fhould be his Superior. Desborough, who' had married Oliver's Sifter, joined in the fatal Confpiracy. Lambert, whom Oliver had difmiffed the Army, was called from his Retirement to take his Place among the Council of Officers. Thefe, with Sir H. Vane, and one or two more behind the Curtain, fubverted the Government, and were the Springs of all the Confufions of this Year, as is evi dent by the Letters- of Mr. Henry Cromwel, Lord • -' "• Lieu- Chap.IV. c/f/^ Puritans. 211 Lieutenant of Ireland, now before me, who faw far- Inter- ther into their Intrigues at that diftance, than the Pro- Regnum. teftor who was upon the Spot. I fhall take the Liberty tir^9^ to tranfcribe. fome Paffages out of them. Upon the furprizing News of Oliver's Death hen. Crom- writes to his Brother, Sept. 18. 1658. " 1 am weVs Let- " fo aftonifhed at the News of my dear Father's Sick- ^"-Af" " nets and Death, that I know not what to fay or j^esa" nes " write on fo fad and grievous an Occafion; but theme. " happy News of leaving your Highnefs his Succef- " for gives feme Relief, not only on Account of the " Publick, but of our poor Family, which the Good- " nets of God has preferved from the Contempt of " our Enemies. I may fay without Vanity, that your " Highnefs has been proclaimed here with as great " Joy, and general Satisfaction (I believe) as in the " beft affected Places of England -, and I make no " doubt of the dutiful Compliance of the Army. " Now, that the God of your late Father and mine, " and your Highnefs's Predeceffor, would fupport you, " and pour down a double Portion of the fame Spirit " that was fo eminently in him, and would enable you " to Walk in his Steps, and do worthily for his Name- " fake and People, and continually preferve you in " fo doing, is. tfip Prayer of" Tours, &c. H.C. In another Letter of the fame Date, fent by an ex prefs Mefienger, he writes, that " he had caufed a very " dutiful Addrefs to be fent to the Army, which had " been already figned by feveral of the Field Officers, " and when perfected, fhould be fent to him as a Wit- " nets againft any fingle Officer that fhould hereafter " warp from his Obedience ; fo that I may and do af- " fure your Highnefs of the aftive Subjection of this " Army to your Government, and will anfwer for it *' with my Life - — — " P 2 In 2 12 Inter- Regnum. « 1659. tc The HISTORY Vol. IV. In his Letter of Oclober 20. 1658. he fays, " If the Account be true which I have received of the State of Affairs in England, I confefs 'tis no more '¦<¦ than I look'd for, only I had fome hopes it might " have been; prevented by keeping all Officers at their :' refpeftive Charges,' but as Things now ftand, I ¦' doubt the Flood is' fo ftrong you can neither ftem " it; nor come to an Anchdr, but muft be content to " go adrift and expect the Ebb. I thought thofe " whom my Father -had raifed from nothing would " not fo foon have forgot him, and endeavour to destroy " his' Family before he is in his Grave. Why do I " fay I thought^ when I know Ambition, and Affec- " tation of Empire never had any Bounds. I cannot " think thefe Men will ever . reft till they are in the " Saddle ; and we have of late Years been fo ufed to '* Changes, that it will be but a nine Day's Wonder ; " and yet I fear there is -no Remedy, but what muft " be ufed gradually and pedetentim. Sometimes I " think of a Parliament, but^am doubtful whether fb- " ber Men will venture to embark themfelves when " Things are in fo high a Distraction ; or if they *' would, whether the Army can be reftrained from " forceing Eleftions, ¦— — I am almoft afraid to come " over to your Highnefs, left I fhould be kept there, " and fo your Highnefs lofe this Army, which, for " ought I know, is the only Stay you have, tho' I " cannot but earneftly defire it. I alfo think it dan- *' gerous to write freely to you, for I make no Que- " ftion but all the Letters will be opened that pafs " between us, unlets tliey come by a trufty Mef- ," fenger. I pay God help you, and blefs your " Councils." I remain, yours, &c. //. C ' - In a Letter of the feme Date to his Brother-in-law Fie st woe d} he writes ; Dear ft Chap.IV. of the Puri tans. 213' Inter- Dear Brother, Regnum. *' I Received your Account of the Petition of the Jr^9'^j f ' I Officers ; but pray give me leave to expoftulate Letter to *' with you ; how came thefe two or three Hundred L. G. " Officers together ? If they came of their own Heads, F!e"- " their being abfent from their Charge without Li*wo° ' " cenfe would have flown in their Face when they pe- " titioned for a due Obfervance of martial Difcipline. *' If they were called together, were they not alfo " taught what to fay and do ? If they were called, was -> " their Birthright and Civil Liberty ; and that no one " Party may tread upon the Neck of another, ft " does not become the Magifirate to defcend into Par- " ties ; but can the Things you do tend to this End ? " Can thefe Things be done, and the World not think " his Highnefs a Knave or a Fool, or oppreffed with ". mutinous Spirits ? Dear Brother, my Spirit is fore- " ly oppreffed with the Confideration of the miferable " State of the innocent People of thefe Nations : What " have thefe Sheep done that their Blood fhould be the " Price of our Luft and Ambition ? Let me beg you " to remember, how his late Highnefs loved' you ; " how_ he honoured you, with the higheft Trufi, by " leaving the Sword in your Hand, which muft de^ *' fend or destroy us. And his declaring your Highnefs " his Succeffor, fhews, that he left it there to preferve " him and his Reputation. O Brother ! Ufe it to " curb extravagant Spirits, and Bufy-bodies, but let " not the Nations be governed by it. Let us take " heed of arbitrary Power ; let us be governed by the " known Laws of the Land ; and let all Things be " kept in their proper Channels ; and let the Army « be fo governed, that the World may never hear of « them unlefs there be Occafion to fight. And truly, " Brother, you muft pardon me, if I fay God and " Man may require this Duty at your Hand, and lay " all Mifcarriages of the Army, in point of Difcipline, " at your Doors. You fee I deal freely and plainly " with you, as becomes your Friend, and a good " Subject. And the great God, in whofe Prefence I « fpeak, knows that I do it not to reproach you, but " out of my tender Affection and Faithfulnefs to you. » And you may reft affured, that you fhall always « find me, ¦ Tour true Friend^ and loving Brother, H.C. In V Chap.IV. cfffe Puritan's. 215 In other Letters to Lord Broghil, afterwards Earl Inter- of Orrery, with whom he maintained an intimate Cor- Re|num- refpondence, " He complains of his being forbid to ^ .%, " come over into England ; and that the Claufe in his "" " new Commiffion was left out ; namely, the Power " of appointing a Deputy, or Juries, in order to pre- " vent his coming over to England, which he hopes " his Highnefs will permit, there being much more " Caufe to prefs it now than ever." " I find (fays he in " a Letter to the Proteftor) that my Enemies have " fentenced me to an honourable Banifhment ; I am " not confcious of any Crime which might deferve it ; " but if they can denounce Judgment upon my Inno- " cence they will eafily be able to make me Criminal. " They have already begot a Doubt among my " Friends, whether all be right ; but I will rather fub-. " mit to any Sufferings with a good Name, than be " the greateft Man upon Earth without it" — — In a Letter to Secretary Thurloe he writes, " that fince he *' was not allowed to leave Ireland he could do no " more than fit ftill and look on. The Elections for " Parliament are like to be good here ( fays he ) " tho' I could with the Writs had come fo time- " ly that the Members might have been there before " they had been excluded by a Vote, which, 'tis faid, " will be the firft Thing brought upon the Stage — " From thefe, and fome other of his Letters, 'tis na tural to conclude, that Lieutenant General Fleetwood was at the Plead of the Councils that depofed Richard, which might be owing either to his Commonwealth Principles, or to his Difappointment of the Proteftor- fhip. However, when he found he could not keep the Army within Bounds, who were for new Changes, he retired from publick Bufinefs, and fpent the Remain der of his Life privately among his Friends at Stoke-* Newington, where he died foon after the Revolution, being more remarkable for Piety and Devotion than for- Coqrage or deep Penetration in Politicks, P 4 To 216 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Inter- To return; after the Rump Parliament had fet Regnum. aDout a Weel<5 the Officers petitioned, " i. That the \_^J2lj " Laws might have their free Courfe. 2. That all Petition of" publick Debts unfatisfied might be paid. 3. That the Army. " all who profefs Faith in the Holy Trinity, and ac-' " knowledge the- Holy Scriptures to be the revealed " Will of God, may have Protection and Encourage- '< ment in the Profeffion of their Religion, while they '* give no Difturbance to the State, except Papifts, " Prelatifts, and Perfons who teach licentious Dd- " ctrines. 4. That the two Universities, and all '¦ Schools of Learning, may be countenanced. 5. That " thofe who took part with the King in the late Wars, " or are notorioufly difeffected to the Parliament's " Caufe, may be removed from all Places of Truft. " 6. That the Protector's Debts be paid, and an Al- " lowance of ten Thoufand Pounds per Ann. be allow- " ed to Richard and his Heirs for ever. 7, That " there may be a Reprefentative of the People, con- " filling of one Houfe, fucceffively chofen by the *' People ; and that the Government of the Nation " may be placed in fuch a Reprefentative Body, with " a felect Senate co-ordinate in Power ; and that the " Adminiftration of all executive Power of Govern- " ment may be in a Council of State, confuting of a " convenient Number of Perfons eminent for God- " linefs, and who are in Principle for the prefent " Caufe." Richard The Parliament thanked the Officers for their Peti- refignsthe t[0x]t) Dut poftponed the Affair relating to Richard till rou or- ^£ ffiould acquiefce in the Change of Government. The Proteftor having parted with the Parliament who were his chief Support, had not the Courage and Refolution to ftrike a bold Stroke for three Kingdoms, but tamely fubmitted to refign his high Dignity, by a Writing under his Hand, after he had enjoyed it but eight Months. How little the Soul of Oliver was in his Son Richard may Chap.1V, o/rff Puritans. 217 be feen by this Conduft ! His Brother Henry, who Inter- was at the Head of an Army in Ireland, offered to &egnun>. come immediately to his Affiftance., but was forbid, ^^j and the timorous young Gentleman returned to a pri vate Life with more teeming Satisfaction than when he was advanced to «the Sovereignty Upon his quitting Whitehall, and the other Royal Palaces, the Parlia ment voted him a Maintenance, but refufed to concern themfelves with his Father's Debts, the Payment of which fwept away the greateft Part of his Eftate, which was far from being large, confidering the high Preferments his Father had enjoy'd for feveral Years. This was a further Contempt thrown upon the Protec tor's Memory ; former Obligations were forgotten, and a new Council of State being chofen, the Nation feemed to return peaceably to a Commonwealth Go vernment. The Prefbyterians would have been content with Fr^byte- Richard's Government ; but feeing so Likelihood cfrians/°'' Restoring the Covenant, or coming into Power, by rf'° Jf* the Rump Parliament, which was chiefly made up of Enthufiafls, and declared Enerr i .s to Monarchy, They enter'd into a Kind of Confederacy with the Royalifts to restore the King and the Old Conftitution. The Particulars of this Union (fays Rapin) are not known, becaufe the Fliftoriahs who write of it being all Royalifts, have not thought fit to do fo much Ho nour to the Prefbyterians. But it is generally agreed, that from this Time the Prefbyterians appeared no longer among the King's Enemies, but very much promoted his Reftoration. Upon the Foundation of 'Infurreeii- this Union an Infurreftion was formed in feveral Parts ^°£'^r. of the Country, but was difcovered by Sir Richard ' 00ti1' Willis, a Correspondent of Secretary Thurloe's, fo that only Sir George Booth, a Prefbyterian, had an Oppor tunity of appearing about Chefter, at the Head of five or fix Hundred Men, declaring for a free Parliament, Without mentioning the King ; but he and Sir Thomas fyfiddleton^ who joined him,,' were defeated by Lam* berty 2i8 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Inter- bert, and taken Prifoners. The King and Duke of Regnum. York came to Calais to be in Readiness, but upon the \^^ Mifcarriage they retired, and his Majefty in defpair de- termin'd to rely upon the Roman Catholick Powers for the future. Several of the Prefbyterian Minifters ap peared in this Infurreftion, as the Reyerend Mr. New- comb of Mancbefter, Mr. Eaton of Walton, and Mr. Finch, Chaplain to Sir George Booth, all ejected by the Act of Uniformity. Parlia- The Parliament to fecure their Commonwealth Govern- ment at- men^ firft appointed an Oath of Abjuration, whereby reduce"^ tasY renounced Allegiance to Charles Stuart, and the Army. whole Race of King James, and promifed Fidelity to the Commonwealth without a fingle Perfon or Houfe of Peers. They then attempted the Reduction of the Army, which had fet them up, depending upon the Affurances General Monk had given them from Scot, land, of his Army's entire Submiffion to their Orders ; but the Englifo Officers, inftead of fubmitting, ftood in their own Defence, and prefented another Petition to the Houfe, defiring their former Addrefs from Wallingfiord Houfie might not lie afieep, but that Fleet wood, whom they had chofen for their General, might be confirmed in his high Station. The fioufe de murred upon the Petition, and feeing there was like to be a new Conteft for Dominion, endeavoured to di vide the Officers, by cafhiering fome, and paying others their Arrears. Upon this the Officers prefented a. third Petition to the fame Purpofe ; but the Parliament being out of all Patience, told them their Complaints were without juft Grounds, and ca- fhiered Nine of the Chiefs, among whom were Lieu-. tenant Genera} Fleetwood, Lambert, Desborough, Berry, Kelfiey, Cobbet, and others of the firft Rank ; by which Things were brought to this Crifis, that the Army muft fubmit to the Parliament, or boldly diffolve. And are them. The difcarded Officers refolved on the latter, t^ned out. for wriich Purpofe, Oclober 13. Lambert with his For, ces fecured all the Aventies to the Parliament Houfe, * and Chap.1V. of the Pv wit aus. 219 and as the Speaker ¦ paffed by Whitehall he rid up to Inter- his Coach, and having told him there was nothing Regnum. to be done at Weftminfter, commanded Major Creed $1\ to conduct him back to his Houfe. At the fame'-'^ Time all the Members were ftop'd in their Paffage, and prevented from taking their Seats in Parliament ; Fleetwood having placed a ftrong Guard at the Door of the Parliament Houfe for that purpofe. Thus the Remains of the Long Parliament, after they had fat five Months and fix Days, having no Army to ftand by them, were turned out of their Houfe a fecond Time, by a Company of head-ftrong Officers, who knew how to pull down, but could not agree upon any Form of Government to fet up in its place. There being now a perfeft Anarchy, the Officers, Committee who were Mafters of the Nation, firft appointed \°fSafety- Council of Ten of their own Body to take care of the Publick, and having retored their General Officers, they concluded upon a feleft Number of Men to affume the Adminiftration, under the Title of a Committee of Safety, which confifted of Twenty three Perfons, who had the fame Authority and Power that the late Coun cil of State had, to manage all publick Affairs, till they could agree upon a new Settlement. The People of England were highly difgufted with thefe Changes, but there was no Parliament nor King to fly to ; many of the Gentry therefore from feveral Parts fent Letters to General Monk in Scotland, inviting him to march his Army into England to obtain a free Parliament, and promifing him all neceffary Affiftance. The Committee ofi Safety being aware of this, at-G-M°nk tempted an Accommodation with Monk by Clarges, ™arc£e* his Brotherrin-law, but without Succefs, for they had '^Afefa not fat above a Fortnight before they received Letters free Par- from Scotland, full of Reproaches for their late Viola- Hament. tion of Faith to the Parliament, and of the General's Refolution to march his Army into England to reftore them. Upon this Lambert was fent immediately to . fhe Frontiers, who quartering his Soldiers about New- . ' caftle, 220 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Inter- caftle, put a Stop to Monk's March for about a Month. Regnum. jn ^ mean -pjme tne General, in order to gain Time, sJ^T^, fent Commiffioners to London, to come to Terms with the Committee of Sajety, who were fo fupple, that a Treaty was concluded November 15. but when it was brought to Monk he pretended his Commiffioners had exceeded their Instructions, and refufed to ratify it. The Council oj State therefore, which fat before the Rump Parliament was interrupted, taking Advantage of this, refolved to gain over Monk to their Party, and being affembled privately, fent him a Commiffion, conititu- ting him General oj the Armies oj England, Scotland, and Ireland, which was the very Thing he defired. The Army The General having fecured Scotland, and put Gar- reftores the rifons into the fortified Places, marched to the Borders Parka- ^fa no more tiizn £ve Thoufand Men ; but while Lambert was encamped about Newcafile to oppofe his Progrefs, it appeared that the Nation was tick of the Frenzies of the Officers, and willing to prefer any Go vernment to the prefent Anarchy ; Portsmouth, and part of the Fleet revolted, and declared for a.jree Par liament, as did feveral Detachments of the Army; upon which Lambert retired towards London, and made way for Monk's entring England. The Com mittee oj Sajety feeing all Things in Confufion, and not knowing whom to truft, refigned their Authority, and reftored the Parliament, which met again Dec. 26. and would now have been glad to have had Monk back again in Scotland; for this Purpofe they fent Letters to acquaint him with their Reftoration, and that now he might return to his Government in Scot- ButMonkland; but the General having enter'd England, Jan. 2. ""I'm" h cont'nuec* *"s March towards London, defigning a new 'as well as a free Parliament. When he came to Tork Lord Fairfax received him into that City, and decla red for a new and free Parliament ; as did the London Apprentices, and great Numbers of all Ranks and Or ders of Men both in City and Country. The Rump being fufjpicious that Monk had fome further Defign, either Chap.1V. of thp P v ri TAX s. til either of eftablifhing himfelf after the Example oi Inter- Cromwel, or of Reftoring the King, obliged him to Regnum. take the Oath of Abjuration of Charles Stuart, alrea- v^r^"- pofe he appointed a Conference between them and fome "^M% of the fitting Members, which mifcarried, becaufe the fitting Members could not undertake that the Parliament would ftand to their Agreement. Upon which Monk refolved to reftore them immediately by Force, left the Parliament and their Army fhould come to an Accommodation, and diflodge him from the City. Accordingly he fummoned the fecluded Mem bers to Whitehall, Feb. 21. and having acquainted them with his Defign, exhorted them to take care of the true Intereft of the Nation, and told them, "ThatK. Chr. " the Citizens of London were for a Commonwealth, theP- 63. " old Foundations of Monarchy being fo broken that " it could not be reftored but upon the Ruins of the " People, who had engaged for the Parliament ; for ".if the King fhould return (fays he) he will govern " by arbitrary Will and Power. Betides, if the Go- " vernment of the State be Monarchical, the Church " muft follow, and Prelacy be brought in, which I " know S24 The HISTORY Vol IV. Inter- cc |cnow the Nation cannot bear, and have fworn Regnum. « againft . and therefore a moderate, not a rigid Pref- \*~Y~L> " byterian Government, with Liberty of Confcience, " will be the moft acceptable Way to the Churches " Settlement." He then obliged them to fubfcribe the following Articles, " i. To fettle the Armies fo as to " preferve the Peace. 2. To provide for their Sup- *' port, and pay their Arrears. 3. To conftitute a " Council of State for Scotland and Ireland. And, " 4. To call a new Parliament and diffolve the pre- " fent." And fo difmiffed diem, with a ftrong Party of Guards to fee them take their Places in the Houfe. This Speech was very diftant from what is pretended the General had in view, and feems to have been drawn up by fome of the moderate Prefbyterians, with whom ' he kept a clofe Correfpondence. And tho' he did not turn the Members out of the Houfe, as Cromwel did, yet his difcharging the Parliament Guards, and pla cing a ftrong Body of his own Horfe at the Door, with out leave of the Parliament, gave them sufficiently to understand, what would be the Confequence of their making Oppofition. Proceed- The Houfe thus enlarged became entirely Prefbyte- ings of rjan_ They ratified their Vote of December 1648. ¦«/'*" (viz'} That the King's Conceffions at the Ifle oj Wight Rapin were a fuffi(:ient Ground for Peace They annulled the Engagement of 1649. They put the Militia into new Hands, with this Limitation, that none foould be employed in that Trufi but who would firft declare under their Hands, that they believed the War raified by both Houjes oj Parliament againft the King was juft and lawful, till fuch Time as Force and Violence was ufed upon the Parliament in 1648. 'They repealed the Oath of Abjuration of Charles Stuart They appointed a new Council of State, and declared for a free Commonwealth For a learned and pious Miniftry For the Continuance of Tithes, and for the Augmentation of fmaller Livings by the Tenths and Firft-Fruits They refolved to encourage the two Chap.IV. of the Puritans. 225 two Universities, and all; other Schools of Learning — Inter- And {to content the Independants) they voted, that Regnum.' Provifion fhoukfbe made for a due Liberty of.Confci- jl^*, ence in Matters : of Religion,., according to the Word ^v^ of God. y-... : Thus all Things feemed to return to. the Condition Presbytery they were in at the Treaty of the ffle fj Wight. Xhereftored. Prefbyterians being now again -in .the- Saddle, a DayK- Chr- of Thankfgiving was kept; after which the City Mi-P' 5Z* nifters petitioned for the Redrefeof fundry Grievances..;75' -, as, " 1. That, a more effeftuai Courfe be taken againft " Papifts. 2. That the Quakers-be -prohibited open- " ing their Shop's on the Sabbath, Day. 3. That the " publick Minifters may hot be difturbed in. their " publick Services." They requested the Houfe to eftablifh the Affembly's Confeffion of Faith, Directo ry, and Catechifms,;. to appoint, Perfons for Approba tion of. Minifters,; 'till the next Parliament fhall take further Order ; -rand to call another Affembly of Di vines, to be chofen by the Minifters of the feveral Counties, to heal, the Divifions of the Nation. In answer to thefe Requefts the Houfe agreed to a.' Bj-U, -March %. for Approbation of publick Minifters, according to the Directory, tand named Mr. Manton,, and feveral others of the Prefbyterian Perfuafion, for that Service ; which paffed into, an Aft March .14. They declared for the Affembly's Confeffion of Faith, except the 30th and, 31ft Chapters of Difcipline,- and appointed a Committee to prepare an Aft, declaring it to be the publick Confeffion of Faith ofi the Church of England. The Aft paffed the Houfe March 5. and was ordered to be printed ; Dr. Reynolds, Mr. Manton and Calamy to have the Care of the Prefs. On the fame Day they ordered the Solemn League and Covenant to be re-printed, and fet up in every Church in Eng land, and read publickly by the Minifter once every Year. Pre/byte- Thus Prefbytery was reftored to all the Power '^tfjfpi,lr "had ever enjoyed ; and the Minifters of that Perfuafion^ Jrfjj Vol. IV. Q were Nation. 226 ^srHISTORY Vol.lV. Inter- were in full Poffeffibn Of all the ' Livings in England. Regnum. A' Reform was m^de in the Militia; and the chief ^^^ Places of Profit, Tfuft; and Honour, were' put into their Hands.- The -A-fmy was in Difgrace ; the Inde pendants deprived of all their Influence, and alLThings managed1 by the Prefbyterians, mppdfted ' by Monk's Forces." After .this-Vhfe' Long1 Parliament paffed an Act for their bwnTJiffoliMofty arid for Calling a new Par liament {rbfrntet' April' 2 5. 1-660. the Candidates for K. Chr. which were to declate; tinder their Hands, That the p. 85. War "againft. the l&te'King was juft andldwfiil; and, All who had' affift edz in" any War againft the Parlia- meftt'Jince January' t. 1641. They arid their Sons were made incapable oj being l elected, Unlejs they had fin'ce manijejled their good Affeclion to ihePdrliament . They "then appointed a nefia Council oj' State, cOnfifting Of Thirty one Perfons? totake Care of the Government ; and diffolved themfelves, March \ 6. after they had fat, with" fundry Intermissions, Nineteen : Years, four Months, and thirteemDays. ,;'ViJ Ckaraaer We are now come to the Dawn -of the Reftoration, cf General of yjdhich'General Monk has' had the Reputation of Monk. bejng the chief Inftrument. This Gentleman was Son :ofi Sir Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, in Devonfoire, a!nd ferved the King in the Warstbrifome Years, but being taken Prifoner he changed Sides, and afted for the Parliament. Pie afterwards ferved O. Cromwel, and was by him left Commander in chief of the Forces in Scotland, from whence he now marched into Eng land to reftore the Parliament. Lord Clarendon and Eachard, fay, " He was of a referved Nature, of "-'deep Thoughts,, and of few Words; and what he " wanted in fine Elocution he had in found Judg- *' ment. That he had a natural Secrecy in him, pre- " yalent upon all his -Qualifications of a Soldier ; a '"ftrong Body, a Mind not easily difordered, an in- " vincible Courage, and a fedate and uniform Con- " tempt of Death, without any Frenzy of Fanaticifm, " or Superftition to turn his Head." This is the Lan guage Chap. IV. of the Puritan s. 227 guage of Flattery. Others have fet him forth in a Inter- very different Light ; they admit, that he was bold Regnum. and venturefome, but had. nothing of the Gentleman, yj^^t nor any Depth of Contrivance ; that he was perpe tually wavering, and betrayed all whom he ferved but Cromwel. Ludlow fays, He was a Man of a covetous Temper, and of no Principles ; of a vici ous Life and fcandalous Converfation. Father Orleans fays, That he was a Man of flow Understanding. And Whitlock reports, that the French Ambaffa dor faid, he had neither Senfe nor Breeding. The Truth is, he had a cloudy Head, and in no Action of his Life difcovered a quick or enterprizing Genius. In the latter part ofi Life he was fordidly covetous, and funk into moft of the Vices of the Times. No Man ever went beyond him in Diffimulation and Falfhood, as appears in this very Affair of the King's Reftoration. He took the Abjuration Oath once under Oliver ; and We'w. again this very Year, whereby he renounced the Title Memoirs> of Charles Stuart, and fwore to be true to the Common- -^r wealth, without a Jingle Perjon or Houfe of Lords. And yet in his firft Meffage to the King by Sir John Greenville, he affures his Majefty, That his Heart had been ever jaithjul to him, though he had not been in a Condition to Jerve him till now. When he came withHift. his Army to London, he affured the Rump Parliament Stuarts' of his chearful Obedience to all their Commands, andp' 4^' defired them to be very careful that the Cavalier Party might have no Share in the Civil or Military Power. When he reftored the fecluded Members he promifed - the Parliament, to take effectual Care that they foould do no hurt. When the Commonwealths Men expreffed -their Fears, and afked the General, Whether he would join with them aglinft the King ? he replied, / have often declared my Refolution fio to do. And taking Sir Arthur Haflerigge by the Hand, he faid, / do here proteft to you, in the Prejence oj all theje Gentlemen, that I will oppoje to the utmoft, the Jetting up of Charles Stuart, a fingle Perfon, or a Houfie ofi Peers. He then CL,2 expo-* 228 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Inter- expoftulated with .them about their Sufpicions ; What Regnum. ^ ^ j ^avg jong -n bringing theje Members into the ^J^?^ Houfe. (fays he). are they not the fame that brought the ^ King to the Block, .tho' others cut off hid Head, and thatjuftly ? And yet this very Man, within fix Months, condemned thefe Perfons to the Gallows. Nay further, the General fent Letters to all the Regiments, affuring them' that the Government foould continue a Common wealth, that they had no Purpofie to return to their - old Bondage, that is Monarchy ; and ifi any made Di- • fturbances in favour of Charles Stuart, he defired they . might be Jecured. So that if this Gentleman was in the . Secret of Reftoring the: King from his Entrance into . England, or his firft' coming to London, I may chal- : lenge all History to produce a Scene of Hypocrify and Diffimulation equal to his Conduft. Dr. Welwood Memoirs, adds, ..That he acted the. Part of a Politician much bet- p. 1 1 f ,- ter than that of a Chriftian ; and carried on the Thread of Diffimulation .with wonderful. Dexterity. Bifhop Bum. Burnet differs from the Doftor, and' fays, that " tho' Hlg- g " he had both the Praife and the Reward, yet a very '' 9'" fmall Share of the Reftoration belong'd to him " The Tide run fo ftrong. that the General only went -." into it dexteroufly enough to get much Fame and *f .great .Rewards ., If he had died foon after, he " might have been more juftly admired ; but he lived " long enough to make it known how falfe a Judg- " ment Mefl are apt to make upon outward Appear- ." ance." State of But before we relate the Particulars of the Reftora- Epiftopa- tion, it will be proper to confider the abjeft State of cy, and of the Church of England, and the Religion of the young the King. King> if Crom we i. had lived Ten or Twelve Years longer, Epifcopacy might have feen loft beyond Re covery, for by that Time the whole Bench of Bifhops would have been dead, and there would have been none to confecrate or ordain for the future, unlets they could have obtained a new Conveyance from the Church of Rome, or admitted the Validity of Prefbyterian Ordi nation. Chap.IV. of the Pur i tans. 229 nation. "This was the Caje in view, which induced Inter- fome of the antient Bifhops to petition the King to fill Regnum- up the vacant Sees with all Expedition, in which they J~^2l^ were fupported by Sir Edward Hyde, Chancellor of Debates the Exchequer, who prevail'd with his Majefty to no- about ful minate certain Clergymen for thofe high Preferments, lvithe'va- and fent over a Lift of their Names to Dr. Barwick, to"* be communicated by him to the Bifhops of London, Ely, Sarum, and others that were to be concerned in the Confecration. It was rteceffary to carry on this Defign with a great deal of Secrecy, deft the govern ing Powers fhould fecure the Bifhops, and by that Means hinder the Work. It was no lefs difficult to Difficulties provide Perfons of Learning and Character who would *bat at- accept the Charge, when it would expofe them to Suf- Unded *'< ferings, as being contrary to the Laws in being, and when there was no Profpeft of Reftoring the Church. But the greateft Difficulty of all was, how to do it in a canonical Manner, when there were no Deans and Chapters to eleft, and confequently no Per fons to receive a Conge d' EJlire, according to antient Cuftom. Several Expedients were propos'd for removing this Sundry Difficulty. Sir Edward Hyde was of Opinion, thatExPeit*- the Proceeding fhould be by a Mandate from the King^/"* to any three or four Bifhops, by way of Collation, up on the Lapfe, for the Dean and Chapter's Non- Ele ction. But it was objected, that the Suppofal of a Lapje would impair the King's Prerogative more than the Collation would advance it, becaufe it would pre- fuppofe a Power of Eleftion plena jure in the Deans and Chapters, which they have only De facultate Re-' gia ; nor could they petition for fuch a Licenfe, be caufe moft of the Deans were dead, fome Chapters ex- tinguifh'd, and all of them fo difturb'd, that they could not meet in the Chapter- Houfe, where fucht-ife °f Afts regularly are to be perform'd. Barwicfc, Dr. Barwick, who was in England, and eorre-j, 2 **", fponded with the Chancellor, propos'd, that his Ma-Chr^ 0*3 Jeftyp- h,"V 23° The HISTORY Vol.IV. Rentnum '^ flwuld Srant his Commiffion to the Bifhops of 1659. e^ch'?rovince rdPe affembled in Provincial y-Y*^ Council, or otherwife, as fhould be moft convenient, to eleft and confecrate fit Perfons for the vacant Sees, with fuch difpenfative Claufes as fhould be found ne- ceffary upon the Emergency of the Cafe (his Majefty fignifying his Pleafure concerning the Perfons, and-the Sees) which Commiffion may bear Date before the Aftion, and then afterward upon Certificate, and Pe tition, to have his Majefty's Ratification and Confir mation of the whole Procefs, and the Regifter to be drawn up accordingly by the chief Actuary, who may take his Memorials hence, and make up the Record there. Dr. Bramhall, Bifhop of Derry, was for the Irifh Way, where the King has an abfolute Power of No mination, and therefore no way feemed to him fo fafe, as confecrating the Perfons nominated to void Sees in Ireland, and then removing them to others in Eng-, land, which he apprehended would clearly elude all thofe Formalities which feemed to perplex the Affair ; but this was thought an ill Precedent, as it opened a Door for deftroying the Privileges of the Church of England m their Capitular Elections. The old Bifhop of Ely was fo far from wifhing with Dr. Bramhall, that the Irifo Method might be introduced into Eng land, that he faid, if he fhould live to fee the Church reftor'd, he would be a humble Suitor to his Majefty, that the Privileges of the Englifo Church, in their Ele* ctions of Bifhops, might be introduced into Ireland, Dr. Wren Bifhop of Ely, and Dr. Cqfins of Peter borough, were for an Expedient fomething like the Second, to which the Court agreed, and Mr. Chancel- lor Hyde writ to Dr. Barwick for the Form of fuch a Commiffion as they judged proper, and urged, that it might be difpatched with all poffible Expedition. The Chancellor had this Affair very much at Heart, but the old Bifhops were fearful left it fhould be dif covered, in which cafe they were fure to be the Suffer ers. Chap. IV. of the P u r \ tan s. 23 1 ers. Dr. Brownrigge of Exeter, and Dr. Skinner of *nter- Oxjord, declined meddling in' the Affah ; the Reft ^gnum. declared their yytllingnefs to advance the Work, but ^J?^j lived in hopes there might be no Occafion for the Ha zard. The Chancellor, in one ofhis Letters fays, the King was much troubled that no wore Care was taken oj the Church by thoje who Jhpuld be the Gardians ofi it. He cenfures^ the Slownefs of the Clergy,; and fays, it was very indecent, that when their afflicted Mother was in Extremity, any of her Sons fhould be timo rous and fearful. Such were the Chancellor's narrow Principles, who feemed to hang the Effence of Chrifti- anity, and the Yalidity of all Church Administrations, upon the Conveyance of Ecclefiaftical Power by an un interrupted Succeffion from the Apoftles. The Non- Jurors had the like -Caje in mew after Remarks, the Revolution, and provided for it in the beft Man ner they could. But is not the Chriftian World in a fad Condition, if a Bifhop cannot be chofen or confe crated without a Royal Mandate, and the Suffrage . of a Dean and Chapter, when there were no fuch Officers in the Church for three Hundred Years after the Apo ftles ? and if the Validity of all facerdotal Miniftra- tions muft be hung upon the Line of an uninterrupted Succeffion from St. Peter ? when Baronius, their Hi ftorian confeffes, that in a Succeffion of fifty Popes not one pious or virtuous Man fat in the Chair ; when there had been no Popes for fome Years together ; and at other Times two or three at once ; and when the fame Writer admits, between twenty and thirty Schifms, one of which continued fifty Years, the Popes of Avignon and Rome excommunicating each other, and yet conferring Orders upon their feve ral Clergy. How impoffible is it to trace the right Line through fo much Confufion ; and how abfurd to lay the Validity or Regularity of our Miniftrations up on it ? King al- But with regard to the King, his Concern for the regaJ"ref Jf* \»X Confecratioo of Proteftant Bifhops was a, meet Farce; ^ J£t 0^4 for Pyrenees 232 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Re™ [°r if hewas not a Papift 'before this Time, 'tis certain ,659. ' ™ was reconciled to the Church of Rome this Year, at y^f^thtPyrentsan Treaty concluded between" France and Spam at Font arable whither he had- repaired incog nito to engage them in his Intereft. "Here the King* flayed twenty Days, in which Time his Majeftv, with the Earl of Briftol arid Sir //. Bennet embraced the Roman Cathohck Religion, The Secret of this Af fair_was well known to Lord Clarendon, tho' he is Eachard, pleaied to mention it- with great Tendernefs " It is P. 75 1. " believed, fays his Lordfhip, by wife Men, that in c \ ^aty fomewhat was agreed to the - Prejudice ' of the Proteftant Intereft; and that in a fhort Time * there would have been much done againft it, both " in France and Germany, if the Meafures they had then taken had not been fhortly broken, chiefly by the furprizing Revolution in England, which hap. ; pened the next Year, and alfo by the Death of the two great Favourites ofthe two Crowns, Don Lewis deHaro, and Cardinal Mazarine, who both died not long after it." But the Secret of the Kine's Re conciliation to Popery has been more fully acknow ledged of late Years, by the eldeft Son of Lord Cla rendon and by the Ouke of Ormond, who declared to feveral Perfons of Honour, that « he himfelf, to his great _ Surprize and Concern, accidentally, in a Morning early few the King in the great Church on his Knees before the high Altar, with feveral * Pnefts and Ecclefiafticks about him. That he was loon after confirmed in his Sentiments by Sir Henry ^ Bennet and the Earl of Briftol, who both owned the ^ J^ing to be a Catholick as well as themfelves ; but it was agreed, that this Change fhould be kept as the greateft Secret imaginable." There is another Story * ? r I' ^P^T^ WhiGh J have Reafon to think P Ts rU TC f • BTr ^ f°°n afer feen to ™ on P! ' ?! KLng >/r°m M?fs> at which %ht the Lord Cul- peper had fo much Indignation, that he went up tq -. Bennet, and fpoke to this Effect, / fee what you Chap.IV. ,»///^ Puritans. 233 " are at ; Is this the Way to bring our Mafter home Inter- " io his three Kingdoms ? Well, Sir, if ever you and Re|1jUin* " / live to fee England together, I will have your ^y-^^j " Head, or you fhall have mine. Which Words ftruck " fuch a Terror upon Sir Harry Bennet, that he ne- " ver durft fet Foot in England till after the Death of " Lord Culpeper, who met with a very furprizing End, " foon after the King's Return." But tho' the prime Minifters of France and Spain Proofs of were now firft Witneffes of his Majefty abjuring theh" b?'"f> a Proteftant Religion, there are ftrong Prefumptions fhatj-'jjj e~ he was a Papist long before, even before his Brother We)w_ James, if we may credit the Teftimony of his Confef- Memoirs. lor, Father Huddlefion. To the Proofs cf this Faft p. 126. already mention'd under the Year 1652. I would add the Teftimony of the Author of the Myftery of Ini quity, printed 1689. who writes thus ; " The King's Ken. " [Charles the Second's] Apoftafy, is not of fo late a Chron."' ---" Date as the World is made commonly to believe, p- S98- " for tho' it was many Years concealed, and the con- " trary pretended and diffembled, yet it is certain he " abjured the Proteftant Religion foon after the Exile- " ment of the Royal Family, and was reconciled to " the Church of Rome at St. Germains in France. " Nor were feveral of the then fuffering Bifhops and *? Clergy ignorant of this, tho' they had neither Inte- " grity nor Courage to give the Nation warning of " it." Bifhop Burnet, in the Hifiory ofi his Lifie and Times, confirms this Teftimony from the Cardinal Minister, who fent an Advertifement of it to the Bi fhop himfelf; he fays, " that before the King left Pa- Burnet, *' ris (which was in June 1654.) he changed his Re-P- 73- " Iigion, but by whofe Perflation is not yet known, -* " only Cardinal De Retz was in the Secret, and Lord " Aubigny had a great Hand in it. Chancellor Hyde " had fome Sufpicion of it, but would not fuffer him- " felf to believe it quite." And Sir Allen Brodcrick declared upon his Death-bed, That King Charles the Second made Profeffion of the Popifh Religion at ( 334 The HISTORY Vol, IV. Inter- Fontainbleau, before he was fent out of France to, Regnum. Qologn. \Jt\Xj The ®utch Proteftants fufpected the Change, but pZt£iesthe King denied it in the moft publick Manner ; for it to fio- when he was at Bruffels in the Year 1658. he writ the reign P^- following Letter to the Reverend Mr. Cawton, the Pref- teftants. ^y^]^ Minifter of the Englijh Congregation at Rot terdam. Charles Rex. King's Let- " rnpl RUSTY and well-beloved, we greet you tertoMr.a J^ weu_ We have received fo full a Teftimony Cawton. 4£ 0f yOUr Affectum to our Perfon, and Zeal for our " Service, that we are willing to recommend an Af- " fair to you in which we are much concerned. We «' do not wonder, that the Malice of our Enemies fhould «' continue to lay all Manner of Scandals upon us, but " are concerned that they fhould find Credit with any to " make our Affeclion to the Proteftant Religion fufipeclei% " Jince the World cannot but take notice oj our conftant " and uninterrupted Profeffion of it in all Places. : «' No Man has, or can more manifeft his Affeffion to, " and Zeal for the Proteftant Religion [ban we have «' done. Now as you cannot but have much Conver- " fation with the Minifters of the Dutch Church, we " prefume and expect that you will ufe your utmoft " Diligence and Dexterity to root out thofe unworthy " Afperfions, fo malicioufly and groundlefly laid up- " on us by wicked Men ; and that you affure all that " will give Credit to you, that we value our felves fo *' much upon that Part of our Title, of being Defen- " der ofi the Faith, that no worldly Consideration can, *' ever prevail with us to fwerve from it, and the Pro-* " teftant Religion in which we have been bred, the " Propagation whereof we fhall endeavour with our " utmoft Power. Given at Bruxels, Nov. 7. in the " 1 oth Year of our Reign,'' To Chap.IV. of the Pu ri tan s. 235 To carry on the Difguife, Dr. Morley, afterwards Inter- Bifhop of Winchefter, was employed to write an Apo- Reg.num- logetical Letter to Dr. Trigland, the Dutch Minifter vjr^/ at the Hague, to affert and prove the King's Stedfaft- K. Chron. nets to the reformed Faith and Communion. Thep- 95- Letter was dated June 7. 1659. a little before the King's going to the Pyrenaan Treaty, to engage the Roman Catholick Powers for his Reftoration. But to confirm the Prefbyterians further, and to put an End to all Sufpieions of his Majefty being turned Papift, Sir Robert Murray and the Counters of ' Balcar- res were employed to engage the moft eminent reform ed Minifters in France to write to their Prefbyterian Brethren in England, and affure them oj the King's Stedjaflnejs in the Proteftant Faith, and to excufe his not joining with the Church at Charenton. According ly thefe credulous Minifters not being acquainted with ' the Secret, writ to their Brethren at London to the fol lowing Purpofe. Monsieur Raymond Gaches, Paftor of the Reform'dFr- Mini- Church at Paris, to the Reverend Mr. Baxter, March^j"^ 23. 1659-60. " I know what Odium has been ^ritetkat " caft upon the King ; fome are difiatisfied in his Con- the King « " ftancy to the true Religion I will not anfwer a Prote' " what truly may be faid, that it belongs not to Sub-^.^' " jefts to enquire into the Prince's Religion ; be he^'j^,.^ «' what he will, if the Right of Reigning belongs to Letter. " him, Obedience in Civil Matters is his due. ButK. Chron. " this Prince never departed from the publick Projeffonv- 9l> 9Z- *' of the true Religion ; nor did he difdain to be pre- " fent at our Religious Affemblies at Roan and Rochel, " tho' he never graced our Church at Paris with his " Prefence, which truly grieved us " Monfieur Drelincourt, another of the French Paftors Mr. Dre- atP^m, writes March 24. " A Report is here, IwcourtV. *' that the Thing which will hinder the King's Reftora- *' tion, is the Opinion conceived by fome, of his being *' turn'd Roman Catholick, and the Fear that in Time f < he will ruin the Proteftant Religion. But I fee no " Grpund 236 The HISTORY Vol.1 V Inter- " Ground for the Report, his Majefty making no Pro- Regnum. « feffion of it, but on the contrary has rejected all-the sl^2^J " Aids and Advantages offer'd him upon that Condi- ^*^ « tior)i Charity is not jealous, and if it forbids us to " fufpeft on flight Grounds private Perfons, how can " it approve Jealoufies upon Perfons fo facred ! Be- " fides, there are in the King's Family, and among " his Domefticks, fome Gentlemen of our Religion ; " and my old Friends, Who at feveral Times have " given me Affurances of the Piety of this Prince, " and his Stability in the Profeffion he makes " Your Prefbyterians are now entrufted with the Ho- " nour of our Churches ; if they recal this Prince " without the intervening of any foreign Power they " will acquire to themfelves immortal Glory, and, " flop their Mouths for ever, who charge us falfly as " Enemies to Royalty, and make appear that the " Maxim,* No Bifoop, no King, is falfly imputed to « us " Mr. The famous Monfieur Daille of Paris, in his Letter Daille'j. of March 28. writes to the fame Purpofe: " I K. Chron. " know 'tis reported that the King has changed? his P- 34. « Religion ; but who can believe a Thing fo contra- " ry to all Probability ? Nothing of this 'appears to " us ; on the contraiy we well know, that when he " has resided in Places where the Exercife of his Re- " Iigion is not permitted, he has always had his Chap- " lains with him who have regularly performed Divine " Service. Moreover, all Paris knows the Anger " the King expreffed at the Endeavours that were " us'd to pervert the Duke of Gloucefter. And tho' " 'tis objected, that he never- came to our Church at " Charenton, yet as we are better inform'd of this " than any one, we can testify, that Religion was " not the Caufe of it, but that it- was upon political, " and prudential Considerations, which may be pecu- " liar to our Church, for he has gone to Sermon in " Caen, and fome other Towns ; and in Holland he «' heard fome Sermons from the famous Monfieur « More, Chap.IV. of the Puri tan s. 237 " More, our prefent Collegue. Thus, Sir, it is more Inter- " clear than the Day, that whatfoever has been report- Regnum« " ed till this Time, of the Change of this Prince's Re- \^Jf!^j " , Iigion, is a meer Calumny — " Monfieur de L' Angle, Minifter of the Proteftant Mr. De Church at Roiien, writ upon the fame Subjeft to hisL'AnSle'* Friend in London, more fully to evidence the King's Stedfaftnefs in the Proteftant Religion. Thefe Letters were printed, and induftrioufly fpread over the whole Kingdom. The King himfelf in his Letter to the Houfe of Commons fays, " Do you defire the Advancement of " the Protestant Religion ? We have by our conftant " Profeffion and Practice given fufficient Teftimony " to the World, that neither the Unkindnejs oj thoje oj " the Jame Faith towards us, nor the Civilities and " Proteftations oj thoje oj a contrary Profieffion, could " in the leaft degree ft ar tie us, or make us fiwerve from " //." 'Tis a furprizing Reflection of Mr. Baxter upon oc- Life, cafion of thefe Letters: " Thefe Divines (fays he)Panir° " knew nothing of the State of Affairs in England.?' 21 " They knew not thofe Men who were to be reftor'd " with the King. They pray ( fays he ) for the Suc- " cefs of my Labours, when they are perfuading me " to put an End to my Labours by fetting up thofe " Prelates who will filenCe me and many Hundreds " more. They persuade me to that which will fepa- " rate me from my Flock, and then pray, that I may " be a Bleffing to them ; and yet (fays he) I am for " ' Reftoring the King, that when we are filenc'd, and " our Miniftry at an end, and fome of us lie in Pri- " tons, we may there, and in that Condition, have " Peace of Confcience in the Difcharge of our Duty, " and the Exercife of Faith, Patience, and Charity " in our Sufferings." Was there ever fuch Reafoning as this ! But the Reader will make his own Remarks upon thefe extraordinary Paragraphs. To 23S the HISTORY Vol.IV. 'Inter- To remm back to General Monk in Scotland; as 'Regnurhrjorig as fae Army governed Affairs at Weftminfter the i^T59' General was on their Side, and entertain'd Mr. John ^^^ Collins, an Independant Minifter, for his Chaplain'; 'but upon the Quarrel between the Army and Parlia ment, and Monk's declaring for the latter, it was ap prehended ;he had changed Sides, and would fall in with the -Presbyterians ; upon which Mr. Caryl and ¦Barker were fent to Scotland, with a Letter from Dr. Owen, expressing their Fears of the Danger of their Religious Liberties- upon a;Revolution of Government. The General received them with all the Marks df Efteem ; and after a few Days returned the following Anfwer, in a Letter direfted to Dr. Owen, Mr. Green- hill, and Mr. Hook, to be communicated to the : Churches in and about London. Hon, and dear Friends, Monk's " T Received yours, and am very fenfible of your d-etter «. >£ Kindnefs exprefs'd to the Army in Scotland, in depen-11" " Ending fuch honourable and reverend' Perfons, whom dants. " we received with Thankfulnefs and great Joy, as " the Meffengers of the Churches, and the Minifters " of Chrift of thefe three Nations. I do promife you for " my felf , and the reft of the Officers here, that your "Intereft, Liberty, and Encouragement,- jhall. be very " dear to us. And we fhall take this as a renewed *' Obligation to affert to the utmoft, what we have *' already declared to the Churches of Jefus Chrift. *' I doubt not, but you have received Satisfaftion of " our Inclinations to a peaceable Accommodation. 'I " do hope, that fome Differences being obviated, we " fhall obtain a fair Compofure. / do ajjureyou, that " the great Things that have been upon my Heart to " fiecure and provide jor, are our Liberties and Free- " dom, as the Subjetls and Servants oj Jefius Chrifi, " which we have conveyed to us in the Covenant of " Grace, affur'd in the Promijes purchafed by the Blood " oj our Saviour jor us ; and given as his great Lega- 1 llry Chap . IV. of the Puritans. 23^ " cy to his Church and People, in comparifon of which Inter- " we efteem all other Things as Dung and Drofs, but Regnum- " as they have a Relation to, and Dependance upon vjifj9^ " this noble End.. The others are our Laws and^^^- « Rights as Men, which muft have their Efteem in " the fecond Place; for which many Members of the « Churches have been eminent Inftruments to labour « in Sweat and Blood for thefe eighteen Years laft " paft, and our Anceftors for many hundred Years " before ; the Subftance of which may be reduced to « a Parliamentary Government, and the Peoples con- " Jenting to the Laws by which they are govern'd. " That thefe Privileges of the Nation may be fo " bounded, that the Churches may have both Securi- *« ty and Settlement, is my great Defire, and of thofe " with me. So that I hope you will own thefe juft " Things, and give us that Affiftance that becomes " the Churches of Chrift in purfuance of this Work. " And we do affure you, we fhall comply as far as « poffible, with refpeft had to the Security and Safe- « ty of the Nation, and the Prefervation of our antient " Birth-rights and Liberties. And we fhall pray, «' that we may be kept from .going out of God's Way «' in doing God's Work. " I do in the Name of the whole Army, and my «' felf, give all our affectionate Thanks for this your " Work of Love ; and tho' we are not able to make " fuch Returns as are in our Hearts and Defires to do, " yet we fhall endeavour by all Ways and Means to " exprefs our Care and Love to the Churches, and " fhall leave the Reward to him who is the God of «« Peace, and has in fpecial'afsur'd all Bleffings to the " Peace-Makers. I conclude with the Words of Da- " vid, 1 Sam. xxv. 32. Bleffed be the Lord God of " Ifirael, and bleffed be your Advice, and bleffed be " you All. Now. the Lord God be a Wall of Fire " round about you, and let his Prefence be in his " Churches, and they fill'd with his Glory. I have " no more, but to entreat your Prayers for an happy " Iffue 240 The H I S T O R Y Vol. IV Inter- « Iffue of this unhappy Difference ; which is the Pray- Regnum. « er 0f him, who is, Reverend Sirs, and dear Friends, \J**Z^, " your very affectionate Brother and Servant, Edinburgh, Nov. 23.1 659. G. Monk. Welw. In one of the General's Letters to the Parliament, writ- Mem. ten about June 1659. he declares ftrongly for Liberty ffixf' of Cohfcience, and an abfolute Commonwealth, in Lan guage which in another would be called the Fumes of fanaticijm. " You are the People ( fays he ) who " have fill'd the World with wonder, but nothing is " difficult to Faith ; and the Promifes of God are fure " and certain. We acknowledge that we our felves " have very much contributed to the Lord's departing " from our Ifirael, but we fee God's Hour is come, « and the Time of the People's Deliverance, even the " fet Time, . is at hand. He cometh skipping over all " the Mountains oj Sin, and Unworthinejs, &c. We " humbly befeech you not to heal the Wounds of the " Daughter of God's People flightly, but to make fo " fure and lafting Provision for both Chriftian and " Civil Rights, as both this and future Generations " may have caufe to rife up and call you bleffed, and " the blackeft of Defigns may never be able to caft " Dirt in your Faces any more — " He then defires them to encourage none but godly Minifters and Magistrates, that no Yoke may be impofed upon Confidence but what is agreeable to the Word of God, and that they would eftablifh the Government in a fire e State or Com monwealth. Signed by General Monk and twenty five of his chief Officers: He courts Upon the General's coming to London he was tranf- b Brians f°rmed at once into a zealous Prefbyterian, and thought K Chron. no more °f die Independant Churches ; he received the p. 8 , . Sacrament at M.r.Calamy'sCharch, and would fuffer none to preach before him but whom he approved. He con fulted the Prefbyterian Minifters, and afked their Ad vice in all important Affairs. It feems thefe were the Gentle- Chap.IV. s//^ Puritans, 241 Gentlemen that beat him out of his Commonwealth Inter- Principles, if we may believethe'Reverend Mr. Sharp, Regnum- afterwards Archbifhop of St. Andrews, whofe Words ^f^j are thefe, in one- of his Letters' to the Reverend Mr. Do'uglajs in Scotland, " Sunday laft, March 11, the K. Chron. " General fent his Coach for Mr. Calamy, Mr; Afi?,p- 81. «' and me ; we had a long Converfatiori with him in > " private, and convinced him, that a Commonwealth " was imprafticable' ; and to ;our Senfe beat "him off " that Sconce he has' hitherto rrrSirifained — — — »"We " urged upon him, that the1" Presbyterian Intereft. " which he had efpoufed was -much-corfcerned in keep- " ing up this Houfe,' and fetding the Government up- «' on Terms. -'But the subtle GeneTaf replied,' that in " regard he had-deciare'd fo lately againft "a Houfe of " Lords, and the continuing Ejlis Houfe of Commons ', "¦ he could not fo reputably 'do tit." "Afterwards, when fome Gentlemen of Quality, fufoefting the King to be at the Bottom, were earneft With the General, thatrif the King muft -be ' brought in by the next Parliament, it might be upon the Terms ofi his late Majefty's Conceffions at the Ifle of Wight ; the General at firft recoil'd, and declar'd, he would ad here to a Commonwealth; but at laft teeming to be conquer'd into ' a Compliance, he intimated to them| that, this was the utmoft Line he could or would advance in favour of the King ; and yet when this was moved in the Convention Parliament by Sir Matthew Hale, the General ftood up, and declared againft all Condi tions, and threaten'd them that fhould encourage fuch a Motion with all the Mifchiefs that might follow. Thus the credulous Prefbyterians were gradually drawn -into the Snare, and made to believe, that Presbytery was to be the eftablifhed Government of the Church of England under King Charles IL The Scots were equally concerned in this Affair, And the and much more zealous for their Difcipline. The^°ts General therefore fent Letters to the Kirk, with the "' ' ftronereft Afiurances that he would take care of their e""et' Vol. IV. R Difci-^'5 ' Hz 7fy, HISTORY Vol.IV. Inter- Difcipline. But the Scots not willing to truft him com- :6cqm m'ffioneci Mr- Sharp, to he their Agent, and gave him v^V-^> Inftruftions to ufe his beft Endeavours, that the Kirk of Scotland might without Interruption or Encroach ment, enjoy the Freedom and Liberty of her eftablifh- ed Judicatories, and to reprefent the Sinfulnefs and Offenfivenefs of a Toleration in that Kingdom. Sharp "was to concert Meafures with Mr. Calamy, Afih, Man- ton, and Cowper ; but thefe Gentlemen being not very zealous for the Difcipline, Sharp informed his Princi pals, that it was feared- the King would come in, and with him moderate Epifcopacy, at leaft in England, but that the more zealous Party were doing what they could to keep on foot the Covenant. To which Dou- glajs replied, " It is beft that the Prefbyterian Govern- " ment be fettled fimply, for you know that the " Judgment of honeft Men here is for admitting the " King on no other but Covenant Terms." Eehavi- The Independants and Anabaptifts were in fuch Dif- o,jrrfthe grace that their Leaders had not the Honour of being ^ndepen- conf^ in thjs weighty Affair. General Monk and the Prefbyterians were united, and had Force fufficient to fupport their Claims ; the Tide was 'with them, and the Parliament at their Mercy. The Independants of fered to ftand by their Friends in Parliament, and to raife four new Regiments from among themfelves to force the General back into Scotland. Dr. Owen and Mr. Nye had frequent Confultations with Mr. Whitlock and St. John ; and at a private Treaty with the Officers at Wallingford Houfie, offered to raife one hundred Thou fand Pounds for the Ufe of the Army, provided they would protect them in their religious Liberties, which they were apprehenfive Monk and the Prefbyterians de- fign'd to fubvert ; but thofe Officers had loft their Cre dit ; their Meafures were difconcerted and broken ; one Party was for a Treaty, and another for the Sword, but it was too late ; their old veteran Regi ments were diflodged from the City, and Monk in poffeffion. In this Confufion their General Fleetwood, who Cbap.IV. of the Puritans. 243 who had brought them into this Diftrefs retired, and Inter- left them a Body without a Head, after which they j|""m' became infignificant, and in a few Months quite con- ^jkj temptible. Here ended the Power of the Army, and of the Independants. Being now to take leave of this People it may btlheirRife, proper to obferve, that the Independants grew up in a*upeJfo the Time of the Civil Wars, and had the Reputation grefs thr0* of a wife and politick People : They divided from the the War. Prefbyterians upon the Foot of Difcipline, and fought in the Parliament's Quarrel, not fo much for Hire and Reward, as from a real Belief that it was the Caufie of God; this infipired their Soldiers with Courage, and made them face Death with undaunted Bravery, in fo much that when the Army was new modell'd, and fill'd up with Men of this Principle, they carried all before them. When the War was over they boldly feized the Perfon of the King, and treated him with Ho nour till they found him unfteady to his Promifes of 4 Toleration oj their Religion, and then they became his moft determined Enemies ; when they were affured af terwards by the Treaty of the Ifie ofi Wight, that they were to be cruflied between both Parties, and to lofe their Religious Liberty, for which they had been fighting, they tore up the Government by the Roots, and fub- verted the whole Conftitution. After the King's Death they affumed the chief Management of publick Affairs, and would not part with it on any Terms, left they fhould be difbanded and called to Account by a Parlia mentary Power, and therefore they could never come to a Settlement, tho' they attempted it under feveral Forms : The firft was an abjolute Commonwealth, as moft agreeable to their Principles, but when the Com monwealth began to clip their Wings they difpoffeffed them, and fet up their own General with the Title ok Proteclor, who had Skill enough to keep them in Awe tho' they were continually plotting againft his Govern ment. After his Death they 'difpoffeffed his Son, and reftored the Commonwealth. When thefe again at- R 2 tempted 244 TZ* HISTORY Vol. IV. inter- tempted to difband them, . they turned them out a fe- Regnum. conj Time, and fet up themfelves under the Title of a i^ry^ Committee of. Safety. ; but they wanted Oliver's Head, their new General Fleetwood having neither Courage rior Policy enough to make them cement. Thus they crum- _.v<- bled into Factions,-,, and their wanton fporting with '-<;• the. fupreme Power, made the Nation tick of the Times, arid give way to the Return of the old Con-- ftitution. And of the The Officers Were made up of Independants and Officers of Anabaptifts, moft of them of mean Extraction, and t e Army. ^ ^.^ Dejn'g'as a]3]e States-Men as they had been for tunate Soldiers ; they were brave and refolute Men, who had the Caufe of Religion and Liberty at heart, but they neglected the old Nobility and Gentry, fo that when they fell to pieces there was hardly a Gende- man of .Fortune or .Intereft in his Country that would ftand by them. As to their moral Character, they feem to, have been Men of Piety and Prayer ; they called,God into all their'Councils, but were too much governed by the falfe Notions they had imbibed, . and the enthufiaftick Impulfe.s. of their own Minds. I don't find that they confuted. any Number of their Clergy, tho' .many of the Independant Minifters were among the moft learned and pious Preachers of the Times, as Dr. Goodwin, Owen, Nye, and Greenhill, &c. fome of whom had . no fmall Reputation for Poli ticks ; but their pulling down fo many Forms of Go vernment, without abiding by any one, was certainly their Ruin. Thus' as the Army and Independants over- reached the Prefbyterians in 1648. the Prefbyte rians, in conjunction with the Scots, blew up the Inde pendants at this Time, and next Year the Epifcopal Party, by an artful Management of the credulous Pref byterians, undermined and deceived them both. Death ofi . This Year died Dr. Ralph Brownrigge, Bifliop of Pi/hop Exeter, "born at Jpfiwich in the Year 1592. educated ri^e"' *n Pembro°k Hall, Cambridge, and at length chofen Matter" of Kaihcrine Hall in that Univerfity. He was . ¦ alfo Chap.1V. of the Puritans. _ HS alfo Prebendary of Durham, and Reftor ^Jarfym ^ Hertjordfoire. In the Year 1641. he was nommated J StheSeeofi^r, and inftalled ^ 1. 16+2 bu ^j . .1.. t^: „^1 Pir nmi»nt aid not .11- to tne seeoi -c^c/, a.i.« *...—-- ., - the Wars between the King and Parhamen t d d .not low him the Enjoyment of his D.gnuy. He = was no minated one of the Affembly of DmneS; > and w« Vic Chancellor of the Univerfity of Cambridge in the lea? 1644 when the Earl of M^'/^r vifited it, and complied fo far as to keep his Mafterflnp till the n«u Year when he was deprived for a Sermon he prov ed upon the AnniverfarV of his Majefty's I^gu^on He was no Favourer ^^^^^S^^^ ons ; for while he was Vice-Chancellor he fen fo^g of Mr. Barwick's Pupils, and faid to him, "J^^aiwkk. « your Tutor, no ill Man in other J^^V .7. « not yet abftain from that Form of Worfoip [Bow- « ing towards the Eaft] which he knows ^is dif gree « able to our excellent Parliament, and n«^ « ceptable to God himfelf; but be 7™^ "°j£f « your Courfe clear of the dangerous Rock of every « Error, whether it favour o the Impiety of ' Arm- « «W*. or of the SuPerftltl0n ,ofr ^iin com' was fucceeded by Dr. Spurftow ; and fuffered in .corn. mon with the reft of the Bifhops ; but being a Cdv^ nift, and a Perfon of great ^J^ZtlTl ^¦^G^f^i^^YS Cafdor, Sweemefs, Gravity, and Solidity of Judg; ment He was confulted by Mr. Baxter, and others, £ feveral Points of Controverfy, and was indeed a moft humble Chriftian, and very patient under moft fevere Fits of the Stone, which were very acute and tedious for fome Time before his Reatti Pr0.0/^,v The Reverend Mr. Charles Herle,Jc^^ ^hik. focutor of the Affembly of Divines at Weftmnft er was oorn of honourable Parents at PrtdeattxHerU,^ lyftwithyel in Comw^n the Year, ,598. H^j 246 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Regnum ^duca^d in Exeter College, Oxon. In the Year 1618. 1659. t0r th° DeSrees in Arts> and was afterwards Rec- W^ tor of Winnick in Lancafoire, one of the richeft Livings in England, and was always efteemed a Pu ritan. When the Wars broke out he took part with the Parliament, was elefted one of the Members of the Affembly of Divines, and upon the Death of Dr. \fip? in 1646. was appointed Prolocutor. After the King's Death he retir'd to his Living at Winnick, and was in very high Efteem with all the Clergy in that Country. In the Year 1654. he was appointed one of the affiftant Commiffioners for ejefting fcanda lous Minifters, together with Mr. IJaac Amorofe and Mr. Gee He was a moderate Prefbyterian, and left , behind him fome practical, • and controverfial Wri- Wo"hL tmgc yir' Fuller %s> he was fo much of a Chrifti- r-*°5. '*?'*¦ Z 0kr' and Gent]eman, that he could agree in Affection with thofe who differ'd from him in Juda. ment. He died at his Parfonage at Winnick in the Sixty firft Year of his Age, and was buried in his own Church, Sept. 29. 1659. Swton°' • ^ *e7erend Mr. Tho Cawton, born at Rainham in Norfolk, and educated in Queen's College, Cam bridge; he was afterwards Minifter of Wivenhoe in Eftex 1637. and at laft of St. Bartholomew behind the Exchange He was (fays the Oxjord Hiftorian) a learned and religious Puritan, driven into Exile for preaching againft the Murder of King Charles I and for being m the feme Plot with Mr. Love, for raiting Money to fupply the Army of King Charles II when he was coming into England to recover his Riaht He hed to Rotterdam, and became Preacher to the Eng- hfo Church there, where he died, AuZ y j6vQ jn K.ng the Fifty fourth Year of his Age, g ?' 59' ' CharksII. The new Year began with the Reftoration of King ^66a Carles II. to the Throne of his Ancestors. The Long* ^f^P PonT lledr thenlfdveS March l6' and wh£ rat,,, if f^ People were bufy in choofing a new one, General King Monk was courted by all Parties. The Republicans en- CharlesII. A , 0 savoured Chap. IV. e/"^f Puritans. 247 deavoured to fix him for a Commonwealth ; the French King Ambaffador offered him the Affiftance of France, if CharlesII, he would aftume the Government either as King or 1>J-V^, Proteclor, which, 'tis faid, he would have accepted, rf Sir Anthony Afoley Cooper had not prevented it, by fummoning him before the Council, and keeping the Doors locked till he had taken away the Commiffions from fome of his moft trufty Officers, and given them to others of the Council's Nomination. But be this as it will, 'tis certain Monk had not as yet given the King any Encouragement to rely upon him, though his Majefty had fent him a Letter as long ago as July 2 1 . 1 659. by an exprefs Meffenger, with the largeft Offers of Re ward. The Prefbyterians were now in Poffeffion of theprefl,yte„ whole Power of England; the Council of State, theriansf* chief Officers of the Army and Navy, and the Gover-f"ilPQ'vfT nors of the chief Forts and Garifons were theirs ; their Clergy were in Poffeffion of both Universities, and of the beft Livings in the Kingdom. There was hardly a Loyalift, or profeffed Epifcopalian, in any Poll of Honour or Truft ; nor had the King any Number of Friends capable of promoting his Reftoration, for there was a difabling Claufe in the Qualification Aft, that all who had been in Arms againft the Long Parlia-. ment foould be dijqualified jrom Jerving in the next. The whole Government therefore was with the Prefby terians,* who were fhy of the Independants as of a Body of Men more diftant from the Church, and more en- clined to a Commonwealth. They were no lefs watch ful to keep out of Parliament the Republicans of all Sorts, fome of whom, fays Burnet, run about every where like Men that were giddy or amazed, but their Time was paft. On the ~other hand, they fecretly courted the Epifcopalians, who difperfed Papers Baxter, among the J^ople, protefting their Refolutions to for-P- «iS» get all paft Injuries, and to bury all Rancour, Malice,'!1. ' and Animofities, under the Foundation of his Maje- c^^, fty's Reftoration. *' We reflect (fey they) upon ourX \.J R 4 " Suffer. '-""' 248 The HISTORY, Vol.IV. ChSefn "bufferings as from the Hand of God, and therefore 1660. 'I do not chenfh any violent Thoughts- or Inclinations '•^¦^ .'. againft any Perfons whatfoever who have been in- K. Chr. " ftrumental in them ; and if the Indifcretion of any P-J2I, < particular Perfons fhall tranfport them to Expreffi- Baxter', ' °ns c°ntra,7 to this general Senfe, we fhall difclaim We, ' 'diem." This was figned by eighteen Noblemen, Part 11. and about fifty Knights and Gentlemen. Dr. Morley p. 2 1 7. and fome of his Brethren met privately with the Prefby terian Minifters, and made large Profeffions of Lenity and Moderation, but without defcend ing to Particulars. The King and Chancellor Hyde carried on the Intrigue. I he Chancellor, in one of his Letters from Breda, J£JL Jted /pril 2a l66°- fa7s> that " the King very P- 2S3 « 1! approved that Dr. Morley and fome of his Bre- ' thren, fhould enter into Conferences, and have fre- " quent Converfetion with the Prefbyterian Party, in " order to reduce them to fuch a Temper as is con- " fifter.t with the good of the Church; and it may be no ill Expedient (feys he) to allure them of pre- < fent good Preferments ; but in my Opinion you ' fhould rather endeavour to win over thofe who be- " ing recovered, will both have Reputation, and de- ' fire to merit from the Church, than be over folicitous to comply with the Pride and Paffion of thofe who 1 P-?P°feue^ravagant Things." Such was the Spirit of the Church Party who were decoying the others into the Snare! The Prefbyterian Minifters did not- want for Cautions from the Independants and others, not to b* too forward in trailing their new Allies, but they would neither hear nor fee, nor believe, till it was too late. They valued themfelves upon their fuperior In- fmence, and from an ambitious Defire of grafting all the Merit and Glory of the Reftoration to^hemfelves they would fuffer none to aft openly with them, but defired the Epifeopa Clergy to lie ftill fmfear of the Peop.e and leave the conducting of this great Affair to the Hands it was m. Accord- Chap. IV. of the Puritan s. 249 Accordingly the Prefbyterian Minifters writ to their King Friends in the feveral Counties, to be careful that Men CharlesII. of Republican Principles might not be returned to ferve ^^^j in the next Parliament, fo that in fome Counties the Elections fell upon Men that had no Religion. And in other Places the People broke through the difabling Claufe. - Dr. Barwick fays, they paid no regard to it ; and Monk declared, that if the People made ufe of their natural Rights in choofing whom they thought' fit, without referve, no Injury fhould be done them. So that when the Houfes met it was evident to all wife Men it would be a Court Parliament. But the Scots were more fteady to the Covenant, Terms on and fent over the Reverend Mr. James Sharp, with*1'^ t!j' the Earls of Crawford and Lauderdale to Holland,-^X^ humbly to put his Majefty in mind, that the Kirk ofprefbyte- S cot land expected Proteftion upon the Foot of the Pref-rians byterian Eftablifhment, without Indulgence to SeUa-'woula 'ju ries. Their Brethren in the North of Ireland joined hfjfj "* an Addrefs to the fame Purpofe: And fome of theK Qhxon. Englijh Prefbyterians were of the fame Mind ; ten ofp. l0i, whom met the Scots Commiffioners at London, and no. made earneft Applications to the General not to reftore fb. p. 104. the King but upon the Conceffions made by his Father in the IJle of Wight. But this was only the Refolution of a few, the Majority (fays Mr. Sharp) were for mo derate Epifcopacy, upon the Scheme of Archbifhop Ufoer, and therefore willing to hearken to an Accom modation with the Church. Dr. Barwick adds, " What Life, " the Prefoyterians aimed at, who were now fuperiorP-2^- " to the Independants, was, that all Matters fhould " be fettled according to the Treaty of the Ifie oj " Wight," which gave the Court a fair Opportuni ty of referring all Church Matters to a conciliatory Sy nod, the Divines of each Party to be fummoned when the King fhould be fettled on his Throne. This was ' the Bait that was laid for the Prefbyterians, and was the Ruin of their Caufe. The Scots Kirk ftood to their Principles, and would have bid Defiance to tho old 250 The HISTORY Vol.IV. Ki"S old Clergy, but Mr. Calamy, Manton, and Afo, in- Ch66o f°rmed them m ^e Name of the London Minifters, that %^-y^J the genera] Stream and Current being for the old Prelacy K.Chion.in its Pomp and Height, it was in vain to hope for p. 228. the eftablifoing Prefbytery, which made them lay afide the Thoughts of it, and fly to Bifhop Ufoer's moderate Epifcopacy. Thus they were beat from their firft Works. Remarks. But if the Tide was fo ftrong againft them, fhould they have opened the Sluices, and let in the Enemy at once, without a fingle Article of Capitulation ? 'Tis hard to account for this Conduct of the Prefbyterians without impeaching their Understandings. Indeed the Epifcopal Clergy gave them good Words, affuring them, that all Things* fhould be to their Minds when the King canje hom&; and that their relying on the Royal Word would be a Mark- of ..Confidence which his Majefty would always -item ember, and would do Honour to the King, who had been fo long neglected. But fhould this have induced the Minifters to give up a Caufe that had coft fo mud} Treasure and Blood, and become humble Petitioners to thofe Who were now al moft at their Mercy ? For they could not but be fen fible, that the old Conftitution muft return with the King ; that Diocefan JEpifcopacy was the only legal Eftablifhment ; that all that had been done in favour of Prefbytery not having had the Royal Affent, was Void in Law, therefore they and their Friends who had not Epifcopal Ordination and Induction into their Livings muft be look'd upon as Intruders, and not le gal Minifters of the Church of England. Of their But notwithftanding this Infatuation, and vain Con- """a Eo7 fidence m the Court> and die Clergy, Mr. Eachard jXoTth! would *"et aflde aH tIieir Merit, by faying, " What- Court. " ever the Prefbyterians did in this Affair was prin- " cipally to relieve themfelves from the Oppreffion of " the Independants, who had wrested the Power out " of their Hands, and not out of any Affection to the " King and Church." Direftly contrary to his Maje fty's Declaration concerning Ecclefiaftical Affairs, * which Chap.IV. of the Puritans. 251 which fays, " When we were in Holland we were King " attended with many grave and learned Minifters of ChariwII. " the Prefbyterian Perfuafion, whom to our great Sa ^r^l^g " tisfaftion and Comfort we found to be full of Affe- " tlion to us, of Zeal for the Peace ofi the Church " and State, and neither Enemies (as they have been " given out to be) to Epijcopacy or Liturgy." Bifhop Burnet acknowledges, that many of the Prefbyterian p. 96, 178- Minifters, chiefly in the City of London, had gone into the Defign of the Reftoration in fo fignal a Manner, and with fuch Succefs, that they had great Merit, and a juft Title to very high Preferments. Mr. Baxter gives the following Reafons of their Conduct. " Thep. 216. " Prefbyterians .( fays he ) were influenced by the Co- " venant, by which, and by the Oaths of Allegiance " to the King, and his Heirs, they apprehended them- " felves bound to do their utmoft to reftore the King, " let the Event be what it will." But then he adds, " Moft of them had great Expectations of Favour and " Refpeft ; and becaufe the King had taken the Co- " venant, they hoped he would remove Subferiptions, " and leave the Common-Prayer and Ceremonies in- " different ; that they might not be caft out of the " Churches. Some who were lefs fanguine depended " on fuch a Liberty as the Proteftants had in France ; " but others, who were better acquainted with the " Principles and Tempers of the Prelaws, declared, " that they expefted to be filenced, imprifoned, and " banifhed, but yet they would do their Parts to re^ " ftore the King, becaufe no forefeen ill Confequence " ought to hinder them from doing their Duty." Surely thefe were better Christians than Cafuifts ! When the Minifters waited on his Majefty in Holland, he gave them fuch encouraging Promifes (fays Mr. Bax ter) as raifed in fome of them high Expectations. When he came to Whitehall he made Ten of them his Chaplains ; and when he went to the Houfe to quicken the pafling'the Aft of Indemnity, he faid, " My H Lords, If you do not join with me in extinguifhing «' tins 252 The HISTORY VoI.IV. King « this Fear, which keeps the Hearts of Men awake, "CharlesII. « you j^gp me from performing my Promife, which yJ^J " if I had not made, neither I nor you had been now "^^ " here. I pray let us not deceive thoje who brought, «< or permitted us to come together." _ Here is a Royal Declaration, and yet' all came to nothing. The Read er will judge hereafter who were moft to blame, the Epifcopal Party, for breaking through fo many folemn Vows and Protestations ; or the Prefbyterians, for bringing in the King without a previous Treaty, and trusting a Set of Men, whom they knew to be their implacable Enemies. I can' think of no decent Excufe for the former ; and the beft Apology that can be made for the latter is, that moft of them lived long enough to fee their Error, and to repent heartily of it. G. Monk In the Interval between the Diffolution of the Long correfpondsY^xhamrnt, and the Meeting of the Convention which wththe brought in the King, General Monk feeing which Burnet Wa7 Tnings were like to g°> fel1 in with tne Stream, pu78, '79>"and ventur'd to correfpond more freely with the King by Sir J. Greenville, who brought the General -a Letter, and was fent back with "an Affurance that he would ferve his Majefty in the beft Manner he could. He defired the King to remove out of the Spanifib Dominions, and promifed, that if his Ma jefty writ Letters to the Parliament, he would de liver them at the Opening of the Seffions. Bifhop Burnet fays, That he had like to have let the Honour flip through his Fingers, and that a very fmall Share of it really belonged to him. Conventi- The Convention met April 25. the Earl of Man-> <>2 pfirlia- chefter being chofen Speaker of the Houfe of Lords, and Sir Harbottle Grimftone of the Commons. At the Opening the Seffions Dr. Reynolds preached before the Floufes. April 30. was appointed for a Faft, when Dr. Reynolds and Mr. Hardy preached before the Lords, and Dr. Gaudcn, Mr. Calamy and Baxter be-. fore the Commons ; all but Gauden of the Prefbyteriaii Party. Lord Clarendon fays, the Prefbyterian Party in. ment meets. Chap.IV. c/rf? Puritans. 2^3 in the Houfe were rather troublefome than power Jul; King but others with greater probability affirm, that the Bo- GharlssJI, dy of the Commons were at firft of that Party. Next ^jf^J Day after the Faft, the King, by the Advice of the ^*^ General, having removed privately to Breda, and writ Letters to both Houfes ; the General ftood up and acquainted - the Speaker, that one Sir J. Greenville had brought him a Letter from the King, but that he had not prefumed to open it ; and that the fame Gen tleman-attended at the Door with another to the Houfe. Sir John was immediately called in, and having deli vered his Letter at the Bar withdrew, and carried ano ther to the Lords. The Letter contained an earneft Invitation to the Commons to return to their Duty, as the only way to a fettled Peace ; his Majefty promising an Aft of Oblivion for what" was paft, and all the Se curity they could defire for their Liberties and Proper ties, and the Rights of Parliament for the future. Under the fame Cover was enclqfed his Majefty's King's De- Declaration from Breda, granting " a general Pardon cJfrattBn " to all his loving Subjefts who foould lay hold of itg°e^a_ " within forty Days, except fuch as fhould be except- " ed by Parliament. Thofe only excepted (fays he) " let all our Subjefts, how faulty foever, rely upon " \he Word of a King folemnly given, that no Crime " committed againft us, or our Royal Father, fhall " ever be brought into Queftion to the Prejudice of " their Lives, Eftates, or Reputation. We do alfo " declare a Liberty to tender Conficienaes, and that no " Man Jhall be dijquieted or called in queftion jor difi- " ferences oj Opinion in Matters oj Religion, which and his Minifters, and the Sunda f after his Ar- ^•/^ '"'J-1.1 at Breda, was appointed to preach • before his Forward. Majefty. The Court was as yet very much upon C/erfy J,elr Guard wkh refPe<5t to the Prefbyterians ; but the Life of }\ , s beSan t0 break °ut at home ; the Epifcopal Barwick, ^krgy not obferving any Meafures of Prudence in p. s ,9. tneir Sermons ; Dr. Griffith having preached an angry Sermon before the General' at Mercer's Hall, March 2 5- «n Prov. xxiv. 21. My Son, jear thou the Lord and the King, and meddle not with them that are given io change; was for a Pretence confined to Newgate, but in a few Days he was releafed, and printed his Ser mon with a Dedication to the General. Others in their Sermons gave out Threatnings againft thofe who had hitherto had the Power in their Hands; of which the King being inform'd, commanded Chancellor Hyde to acquaint his Correfpondents, that he was extreamly apprehenfive of Inconvenience and Mifchief to the a a and himfelf, from Offences of that kind, and ordered him to defire Mr. Barwick and Dr. Morley to ufe their Credit and Authority with fuch Men, and to iet theiri know from his Majefty, the Tendernefs of the Conjuncture. The Chancellor accordingly, in his Let ter from Breda, April 16. 1660. writ the King's benle, and added, that if Occafion required they were to ipeak to the Bifhops of Ely and Salisbury to inter- pole their Authority, to conjure thefe Men/ to make a better Judgment of the Seafon, and not to awaken thole Jealousies and Apprehenfions which all Men fhould endeavour to extinguifh. « And truly I hope (fays the Chancellor) if Faults of this kind are not « C°^Tltt:fd' that both the Church and the Kingdom will be better dealt with than is imagined ; and I am confident thefe good Men will be more troubled that the Church foould undergo a new Suffering by their Indifcretion, than for all that they have fuffer ed hitherto themfelves." n The Chap.lV. of the P u r i tan s. -.59 The Clouds gathering thus thick over the -Managers -& of the late Times, every one began to foift for himfelf. Char '' ;-; Richard Cromwel refigned his Chancellorfhip of -s *" '„ the Univerfity of 'Oxjord thevery Day the Kingwas- called Richard home, and retired beyond Sea : He had offered to give it Cromwe' up when he was divefted of the Proteftorfhip, as appears 'ffl""s hu by his Letter on that Occafion, which fays, " You/^y^, aild " fhould have had fuller Experience of my hiqj\ abfcands. " Efteem for Learning and learned Men, if Provi- K. Chron. " dence had continued me; in my high Station; but p. Hx- " as I accepted of the Honour of being your Chan-. " cellor in order to promote your Profperity, I affure " you I will diveft my felf of the Honour when it " will contribute to your Advantage." Accordingly as foon as the King was voted home he fent them the following Refignation. , Gentlemen, " T SHALL always retain a hearty Senfe of my " 1. former Obligations to you, in your free Elefti- " on of me to the Office of your Chancellor ; and it " is no fmall Trouble to my Thoughts, when I confi- " der how little ferviceable I have been to you in that " Relation. But fince the All-wife Providence of " God, which I defire always to adore, -and bow " down unto, has been pleafed to change my Condi- " tion, that I am not in a Capacity to anfwer the Ends " of the Office I do therefore moft freely refign, " and give up all my Right and Intereft therein, but " fhall always retain my Affection and Efteem for " you, with my Prayers for your continual Profperi- " ty, that amidft the many Examples of the Inftabili- " ty and Revolutions of human Affairs, you may ftill " abide flourishing and fruitful." Gentlemen, Your affetlionate Friend and Servant, Hurjley, May 8. 1660. Rich. Cromwel. S 2 Thus 260 The HISTORY Vol. IV. King Thus Richard went -off the Stage of publick CharlesII. Aftfon. " As he was innocent of all the Evil his vJ-s^L, " Father had done (fays Burnet) fo there was no Pre- Jiis Cha- " judice lay againft him. Upon his Advancement to raHer. " the Proteftorfhip the City of London, and almoft Burnet, " all the Counties of England, fent him Addreffes of j>. 8z, 83." Congratulation, but when he found the Times too " boifterous he readily withdrew, and became a pri- " vate Man ; and as he had done no hurt to any Body, " fo no Body ever ftudied to hurt him. A rare In- u fiance of the Inftability of human Greatnefs ; and " of the Security of Innocence! " In his younger Years he had not all that Zeal for Religion as was the Fafhion of the Times; but thofe who knew him well in the latter part of Life have assured me, that he was a per- feft Gentleman in his Behaviour, well acquainted with publick Affairs, of great Gravity, and real Piety ; but fo very modeft, that he would not be diftinguifhed or known by any Name but the feigned one ofMr.Clarke. He died at Theobalds about the Year 1 7 1 2 . The King The King landed at Dover, May 16. and came the WjWfame Night to Canterbury, where he refted the next ^/cL™ffDay, and on Tuejday, May 29. rid in triumph with Whitehall his two Brothers thro' the City of London to Whitehall, amidft the Acclamations of an innumerable Croud of Speftators. As he pafs'd along, old Mr. Arthur Jack- Jon an eminent Prefbyterian Minifter, prefented his Ma jefty with a rich emboffed Bible, which he was pleated to receive, and to declare it his Refolution, to make that Book the Rule of his Conduft. Conventi- Two Days after the King's Arrival at Whitehall his en tu^ed Majefty went to the Houfe of Peers, and after a foort 'parlia- congratulatory Speech pafs'd an Aft, turning the pre- ment. fent Convention into a Parliament. After which the Houfes for themfelves, and all the Commons of Eng land, laid hold of his Majefty's moft gracious Pardon, and appointed a Committee to prepare an Aft of In demnity for all that had been concerned in the late Troubles, except the King's Judges, and two or three others. Had Chap.IV. of the Pv kit ax s. z6 * Had the Directions given for the Choice of ^chf£IL Parliament been obferved, no Royalifts could have lat j66^_ in the Houfe ; however, their Numbers were incon- . ^^, fiderable; the Convention was a Presbyterian Parlia- They mm ment, and had the Courage to avow the Juftice ^fgff' Lawfolnefs of taking Arms againft the late King till 7 War_ the Year 1648. for when Mr. Lenthall, Speaker of Eachard> the Long Parliament, in order to fhew the Sincerity of p. ?6c. his Repentance, had faid, that He that firft drew his Sword againft the late King committed as great an Of fence as he that cut off his Head ; he was brought to the Bar, and received the following Reprimand from the prefent Speaker, by Order of the Houfe. Q J J? THE Houfe has taken great Offence at what you have faid, which, in the Judgment of « the Houfe, contains as high a Reflection upon the *« Juftice of the Proceedings of the Lords and torn- « mons of the laft Parliament, in their Aftmgs before « 1648. as could be expreffed. They apprehend there « is much Poifon in the faid Words, and that they * were fpoken out of defign to inflame, and to render « them who drew the Sword to bring Delinquents to " Punifoment, and to vindicate their juft Liberties, " into balance with them who cut off the King s « Head ; of which they exprefs their Abhorrence and " Deteftation. Therefore I am commanded to let « you know, that had thefe Words fallen out at any *« other Time in this Parliament, but when they had « Confiderations of Mercy, and Indemnity, you, « might have expected a fharper and feverer Sentence M Neverthelefs I am according to Command, to « give you a (harp Reprehenfion, and I dojis foarply f and feverely as I can reprehend you for it.'- They give J up every But it was to little Purpofe to juftify the Civil War, g* j when they were yielding up almoft every Thing to the^_ Court ; for though they ftopt foort of the Lengths fl.aapin, S3 theP- ZS«- 262 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King the next Parliament, they encreafed his Majefty's Re- ig^11' venues fo much, that if he had been a frugal Prince he ss^^, might have lived without Parliaments for the future. The -bringing the King home after this Manner with out any Treaty, or one fingle Article for the fecuring Men in the Enjoyment of their Religious and Civil p. 89. Liberties, was (as Bifhop Burnet obferves) the Foun dation of all the Misfortunes of the Nation under this Reign. And as another. Right Reverend Prelate ob ferves, the Reftoration of the King in this high and abfolute Manner laid the Foundation of all the King's future Mifcarriages ; fo that if the Revolution by King William and Queen Mary had not taken place, the Reftoration had been no Bleffing to the Nation. Remarks. But it ought to be jcmember'd, that this was not a legal Parliament, for the Rump had no Power to ap point Keepers oj the Liberties oj England -, nor had the Keepers a Right to iffue out Writs for a Parlia ment ; nor could the King's Writ, without the fubfe- qiient Choice of the People m?kc them fo. All die Laws therefore made by this Convention ; and all the Punifhments inflicted upon Offenders fubfequent on them were not ftriftly legal, which the Court were fo apprehensive of, that they prevailed with the next Par liament to confirni them. When this Convention Par liament had fat about eight Months, it was diffolved December 29. partly becaufe it was not legally chofen, and becaufe it was too much Prefbyterian ; the prime . Minifter [Hyde] having now formed a Defign in Concert with the Bifhops to turn all the Prefbyterians out cf the Church. Prefbytc- The managing Prefbyterians ftill encouraged them- mnMwj- felves with Hopes of a Comprehenfion within the K,™ Church> tho' they had parted with all their Weight Chaplains .and Influence ; and from Direclors were become hum- K. Chron. ble Supplicants to thofe very Men who but a few p. 162. Months before would have lain at their Feet. They had now no other Refuge but the King's Clemency, which was directed by Chancellor Hyde and the Bi fhops ; Chap.IV. of the Puritan s." 263 fhops; but to keep them quiet till Things were King better fettled his Majefty condefcended, at the In-Cha";lesir- fiance of the Earl of Manchefter, to admit Ten of,^^,^ their Number into the Lift of his Chaplains in or dinary {viz.) Dr. Reynolds, Mr. Calamy, Dr. Spurftow, Mr. Afoe, Dr. Wallis, Mr. Cafe, Dr. Manton, Mr. Baxter, Dr. Bates, Mr. Woodbridge-. But none of thefe Divines were call'd to preach at Court, except Dr. Reynolds, Dr. Spurftow, Mr. Cala my, and Mr. Baxter, each of them once. Here again the Prefbyterians were divided in their Politicks, fome being for going as far as they could with the Court, and others for drawing back. Of the former Sort Baxter'* were Mr. Calamy, Dr. Reynolds, and Mr. Afioe,Lifc, who were entirely directed by the Earl of Man-?- z9' chefter, and had frequent Affemblies at his Houfe ; to them were join'd Dr. Bates, Dr. Manton, and moft of the City Minifters ; but Dr. Seaman, Mr.Jen^ kins, and others, were of another Party ; . thefe were a little estranged from the reft of their Brethren, and meddled not with Politicks (fays Mr. Baxter) becaufe the Court gave them no Encouragement, their Defign being only to divide them ; but the Former had more Confidence in their Superiors, and carried on a Treaty, till by Force and Violence they were beaten out of the Field. Upon the King's Arrival at Whitehall the Liturgy Liturgy of the Church of England was reftored in his Maje- refloi'd. fty's Chapel, and in feveral Churches both in City and Country ; for it was juftly obferved, that ah Acts and Ordinances of the Long Parliament that had not the Royal Affent, were in themfelves null, and therefore Prelacy wasftill the only legal Eftablifhment, and the Common- Prayer the only legal Form of Worfhip, and S 4 that *64 The HISTORY Vol.IV. ChSefll thuC they were Punimable by the Laws of the Land i 1660. ' 710 officiated by any other. The King in his De^ s^-y^j claratwn had defired, that the Prefbyterians would K. Chron. read fo much of the Liturgy as they themfelves had no P- 432- Exception againft, but moft of them declin'd the Pro- pofel. But to fet an Example to the reft of the Na tion, the Houfe of Peers, two Days after the King was proclaimed, appointed Mr. Marfton to read Di vine Service before them, in his Formalities, accord ing to the Common-Prayer Book ; and the Sunday following Dr. Gauden preached, and adminifter'd the bacrament to feveral of the Peers, who received it kneeling On the 5 1 ft of May they ordered, that the -form of Prayers formerly ufed fhould be conftandy read in their Houfe, provided that no Prejudice, Pe nalty, or Refleftion, fhall be on any that are not prefent. The Houfe of Commons followed the Ex ample of the Lords ; and before the End of the Year many of the Parochial Clergy, who ferupled the Ufe of the Service Book, were profecuted for offending againft the Statutes made in that behalf; the Jufticel of the Peace and others infifting, that the Laws return ed with the King, and that they ought not to be dif- penfed with in the neglect of them. Sejuejler'd The old fequefter'd Clergy flocked in great Num- CUjy re- bers about the Court magnifying their Sufferings, and *™*. making Intereft for Preferments in the Church f every one took Poffeffion of the Living from which he had been ejected ; by which Means fome Hundreds of the Preibytenan Clergy were difpoffeffed at once. Upon this the Heads of that Party waited upon the Kin-, and prayed, that tho' all who had loft their Livings for Malignancy, or Difaffection to the late Powers were reftored yet that thofe Minifters who fucceeded fuch as had been ejected for Scandal might keep their fJaces; but the Court paid no Regard to their Peti- m'1-5 n H?^ver» where the Incumbent was dead his Majefty yielded, that the Living fhould be confirmed to the prefent Poffeffor. The Chap.IV. of the Pvr it aks. 205 The Heads of Colleges and Fellows who had been King ejected in the late Times were no lefs forward in their CharlesII. Applications to be reftored ; upon which the Parlia- v^tjj ment appointed a Committee to receive their Petitions. AndEeads Dr. Goodwin having refigned his Prefideritfhip of Mag- of Colleges. dalen College, the Lords ordered, •" that Dr. Oliver be K. Chr. " reftored in as full and ample Manner as formerly heP' 'S2- " enjoyed it, till the Pleafure of his Majefty be for- " ther known. And the three fenior Fellows were " appointed to put this Order in Execution." The ejefted Fellows of New College, Oxon, petition'd at the fame Time to be reftored ; upon which the Lords ordered, May 19. that " Robert Grove, John Lamp-Ib.j>. 153. " /hire, &c. late Fellows of New College, Oxon, and " all others who were unjuftly ejefted out of their Fel- " lowfhips, be forthwith reftored ; and that all fuch " Fellows as have been admitted contrary to the Sta- " tute be forthwith ejefted ; and that no new Fellows " be admitted contrary to the Statutes." And to pre vent further Applications of this kind, the Lords paf fed this general Order June 4. " That the Chancellorslb.p.173.' " of both Universities fhall take care, that the feveral " Colleges in the faid Univerfities fhall be governed " according to their refpeftive Statutes ; and that fuch " Perfons who have been unjuftly put out of their " Headfhips, Fellowfhips, or other Offices relating " to the feveral Colleges or Univerfities, may be re- " flored according to the faid Statutes of the Univer- " fity, and Founders of Colleges therein." Purfuant to this Order there followed a very confi derable Change in -both Univerfities, Commiffioners being appointed by the King to hear and determine all Caufes relating to this Affair, who in the Months of Auguft and September reftored all fuch as were unmar ried to their refpeftive Places. In the Univerfity of Oxjord, befides Dr. Oliver already mentioned, the following Heads of Colleges were reftored, and the prefent Poffeffors ejefted. Heads 266 The H I S TO R Y Vol. IV. King -CharlesII. Heads of Colleges Auguft 3. In the Place of yJ^J reftor'd, Prefident of Heads ejefted, ^^^ Dr.Hannibal Potter, Trinity Coll. Dr. Seth Ward, Dr. Richard Bayly, St. John's Coll. Mr. Thank. Owen, Dr. Francis Manjel,JJejus College, Mr. Fran. Howel, Dr. Robert Newlin, Corp. Chr. Coll. Dr. Edw. Staunton, Dr. Gilbert Sheldon, All Souls Coll. Dr. Meredith, dec. Dr. Thomas Tate, Braz.NoJeColl. Dr. D. Greenwood, Mr. Hen.Wightwick, Pembrook Coll. Dr .Henry Langley . JV-S.This Mr. Wightwick was ejefted a 2d Time 1 664. St. Mary's Hall, Mr. .Thomas Cole, Dr. Rob. S aunder- S Regius Profeff. 7 ^ „ , _ fion, *- \K Divinity, \Vr.JohnConant, Nat. Philojoph. 7 **afcr, IVt.Jojb.Croffe, cCffl. of C£r. C/&. 7 Mr. it^£ £«/- Dr. /*//, ^ & Tjni.Orator, I ton, c C«». of C£r. G&. ¦> Ttr.Hen. Wilkin- " """ 1 &Marg.Prcf.S fion, fen. .4W ft/- Befides thefe, all furviving ejefted Fellows of Colie- lo-ws. g£S were reftored without Exception, and fuch as had been nominated by the Commiffioners in 1648. or elefted in any other Manner than according to the Sta tutes were ejefted, and their Places declared vacant. Reforma- rfhe like Alterations were made in the Univerfity of Uni£rJ Cambridge. The Earl of Manchefier, Chan;rhor, was ofQx^a- obliged to fend the following Letter to die Univerfity, K. Chron. dated Auguft 3. for reftoring Dr. Martin to the Ma- p. 221. fterfoip of Queen's College, whom he had ejefted for Scandal by Letters under his Hand, dated March 1 3. 1643. Jb.p.222. " Whereas I am informed, that Dr. Ed. Martin *« has been wrongfully put out of his Mafterfhip, thefe " are to fignify to all whom it may concern, that I " do, by virtue of an Authority given to me, by the " Lords affembled in Parliament, reftore him to his " faid Chap.IV. of the Puritans. 267 £' faid Mafterfhip, together with all Lodgings, &c. ^King •" appertaining to his Place, from henceforth to haveCharlesI1? ?' and enjoy all Profits, Rights, Privileges, and Ad- ,l^6c?' f vantages, belonging thereunto, unlets Caufe be ^r>v">"'' ?' fhewn to the contrary within ten Days after the f* Date hereof." This Gentleman was accordingly reftored, and with him feveral others ; as, Heads of Colleges Mafter of In the Place of reftored, Heads ejefted, Dr. J. Cofins, Peter Houfie, Dr. Laz. Seaman, Dr. Tho. Paske, Clare Hall, \ R^gn^d„t0 ,Dn i Theo.Duhngham, Dr. Benj. Laney, Pembroke Hall, Mr. Will. Mofies, Dr. Rob. King, Trinity Hall, Mr. Bond, Dr. Rich. Sterne, J ejus College, \ M^ Worth' p . (Magd. Coll.} Dr Ed. Kain- ) eject, for re- > Mr. ?<*&» &*#«>. W' ^ fofingEng. ') All the furviving Fellows unmarried were reftored, Fafti. as in the other Univerfity, by which means moft ofP- I2Q- the Prefbyterians were difpoffeffed, and the Education of Youth taken out of their Hands. To make way New Cre- for the filling up thefe and other Vacancies in theations in Church, the Honours of the Univerfities were offered' e z.".1' to almoft any that would declare their Averfion toKe^net,^ Prefbytery, and hearty Affection for Epifcopal Go-chron. vernment. It was his Majefty's Pleafure, and thep. 220, Chancellor's, that there fhould be a Creation in all Fa-221' &c- culties of fuch as had fuffered for the Royal Caufe, and had been ejefted from the Univerfity by the Vifitors in 1648. Accordingly between feventy and eighty Ma fters of Arts were created this Year, among whom (fays the Oxjord Hiftorian) fome that had not been Sufferers thruft themfelves into the Croud for their Mo ney ; others, yet few, were Gentlemen, and created by the Favour of the Chancellor's Letters only ; eigh teen 268 The HISTORY Vol. IV. King teen were created Bachelors of Divinity, feventy Do- CharlesII-Aors of Divinity, twenty two Doctors of Phyfick, be- sf^^j fides Doftors of Laws. The Creations in the Univer- Keri; fity of Cambridge were yet more numerous : On Mid- Chron. Jummer Day, a Grace paffed in the Univerfity in fa- F- 332- vour of fome Candidates for Degrees. Auguft 2. the King fent Letters to Cambridge for creating nine or ten lb. p. 251. Perfons, Doctors of Divinity ; and on the fifth of Sep tember there were created by virtue of his Majefty's Mandamus no lefs than feventy one Doftors of Divi nity, nine Doftors of Civil Law, five Doftors of Phy fick, and five Bachelors of Divinity. So that with in the Compafs of little more than fix Months the Uni verfities diplomated above one hundred and fifty Doctors of Divinity, and as many more in the other Faculties. Some of thefe were deferving Perfons, but the Names of moft of them are no where to be met with but in the Registers. Had the Parliament Vifitors in 1648. or O. Cromwel in his Proteftorfhip, made fo free with the Honours of the Univerfities, they might juftly have been fuppofed to countenance the Illiterate, and proftitute the Honour of the two great Luminaries of this Kingdom ; but his Majefty's promoting fuch Numbers in fo fhort a Time by a Royal Mandamus, without enquiring into their Qualifications, or infifting upon their performing any Academical Exercife, muft be covered with filence, becaufe it was for the Service of the Church. In the midft of thefe Promotions the Marquis of Hertford, Chancellor of the Univerfity, died, and was fucceeded by Sir Edward Hyde, now Lord Chancellor of England, and created about this Time Earl of Clarendon. He was inftalled Nov. 15. and continued in this Office till he retired into France, in the Year 1667. Vacanfrs Thefe Promotions made way for filling up the Va- 'd Cf'titl'dc:mc*QS 'm Cathedrals ; July 5. Dr. Killigrew, Jones, rasp c l T}0Ug]0ty and Busby, were inftalled Prebendaries of K. Chr. Weftminfter -, and within a Month or fix Weeks four p. 179. more were added. In the Months of July and Auguft all Chap.1V. of the Pv Rif ah s. 269 all the Dignities in the Cathedral of St. Paul's were fill- King ed up, being upwards of twenty. July 13. twelve CharlesII. Divines were inftalled Prebendaries In the Cathedral of J^V Canterbury; and before the End of the Year all theib.p.2o4„ Dignities in the Cathedrals of Durham, Chefter, Litch field, Briftol, Hereford, Worcefter, Gloucefter, &c. were fupplied with younger Divines, who ran violent ly along with the Times. There were but nine Bifoops alive at the King's Re- The old Iteration, viz. furviving Bifhops. Dr. William Juxon, Bifoop of London, Kennet> Dr. William Pierje, Bath and Wells, P' 2S2" Dr. Matthew Wren, Ely, Dr. Robert Skinner, Oxjord, Dr. William Roberts, Bangor, Dr. John Warner, Rochefter, Dr. Bryan Duppa, Sarum, Dr. Henry King, Chichefter, Dr. Accepted Frewen, Litchf. and Coventry. In order to make way for a new Creation, fome of the Bifhops abovementioned were tranflated to bet ter Sees ; as, Dr. Juxon, Bifoop of London, to Canterbury, whoTranfati- was promoted more out of Decency (fays Bifhop Bur-onofBi- net) as being theeldeft and moft eminent of the furvi-^y' ving Bifhops: He never was a great Man, but wasp' '7 now fuperannuated. Dr. Accepted Frewen, was tranflated to York, S-pt. Wood and' 22. and confirmed Oclober 4. He was the Son of aWalker- Puritanical Minifter, and himfelf inclined that Way, till fome Time after the Beginning of the Civil Wars, when he became a great Loyalift, and was promoted in the Year 1 644. to the See of Litchfield and Coventry ; but he made no Figure in the learned World, and died in the Year 1 664. Dr. Bryan Duppa was tranflated to Winchefter, and confirm'd October 4. He had been the King's Tutor, tho' 270 The H I S T O R Y VoI.IV, King tho' no way fit for it. He was a nleek, humble Man* cha^esILand much beloved for his good Temper (fays Bifhop kJ^Y^j Burnet) and would have been more, efteemed if he had p. 177. died before the Reftoration, for he made not that Ufe x of the great Wealth that flowed in upon him, as was expected. To make way for the Election of new Bifhops in a Regular and Canonical Manner, it was firft neceffary to reftore to every Cathedral a Dean and Chapter j which being done, j\W Bi- Dr. Gilbert Sheldon was advanced to the See of Lon- jhops crea-don; he was efteemed a learned Man before the Civil ted. Wars, but had fince engaged fo deep in Politicks (fays p. 176. Burnet) that fcarce any Prints of what he'had been re mained ; he was a dexterous Man in Bufinefs, and treated all Men in an obliging Manner, but few de pended much on his Profeffions of Friendfhip. He feemed not to have a deep Senfe of Religion, if any at all ; and fpoke of it moft commonly as an Engine of Government, and a Matter of Policy, for which Reafon the King look'd upon him as a wife and honeft Clergyman. He was one of the moft powerful and implacable Adverfaries of the Non-Conformifts. Dr. Henchman was confecrated Bifhop of Sarum, and Dr. George Morley Bifhop of Worcefier, Oclob.%%. December 2. following feven Bifhops were confecrated together, in St. Peter's Weftminfter (viz.) DrDrDrDr Dr Dr Dr John Cojins, Bifhop of Durham, Wild i am Laws, St. David's, Bcnj mini Laney, Peterborough, Ha fio Lloyd, Landaff, Richard Sterne, Carlijle, Bryan Walton, Chefter, John G a. ..'.:;/, Exeter. On the fixth of January following four other Bi fhops were confecrated (viz.) Dr. Chap.IV. of the Puritans. 271 Dr. Gilbert Ironfide, Bifhop of Brifiol, King Dr. Edward Reynolds, Norwich, CharlesII. Dr. Nicholas Monk, Herejord, J^, Dr. William Nicholjon, Gloucefter.. Four or five Sees were kept vacant for the leading Divines among the Prefbyterians, if they would con form ; but they declined, as will be feen hereafter. In Scotland and Ireland Things were not quite fo ripe for Execution ; the Scots Parliament difannulled the Covenant, but Epifcopacy was not eftablifhed in either of the Kingdoms till next Year. The Englifo Hierarchy being reftored to its former Of the In- Power, except the Peerage of the Bifhops, it remain- depen- ed only to confider what was to be done with the Male-da"ts' .A~ contents; the Independants and Anabaptifts petitioned and pa_ -the King only for a Toleration ; and the Englijh Pa- pifts. pifts depending upon their Intereft at Court offered K. Chron. his Majefty one hundred thoufand Pounds before hep- H2- left Breda, to take oil the Pen;..! L-zws, upon which his Majefty ordered the Chancellor to infert the fol lowing Clauf m his Declaration concerni; g Eccl. fi- aftical Affairs, that others aljo be permitted to met Joi ib.Compl. Religious Worfoip, Jo be it they do it not to the Dfiur-H-&- bance of the Peace ; and that no Juftice of Peace offer^' 25 * to difturb them. When this was debated in the King's Prefence after the Reftoration, the Bifhops wifely held their Peace ; but Mr. Baxter, who was more zea lous than prudent, declared plainly his Diflike of a Toleration of Papifts and Socinians ; which his Maje fty took fo very ill, that he faid, the Prefbyterians were a Set of Men who were only for fetting up themfelves-. Thefe flill flatter'd themfelves with hopes of a Compre- henfion, but the Independants andBapt ifts were in defpair. And here was an End of thofe unhappy Times, Of the. which our Historians have loaded with all the Infamy Times be- and Reproach that the Wit of Man could invent fV^fi^f' The Puritan Minifters have been reprefented as igno- °' rant Mechanicks, canting Preachers, Enemies to Learn ing, 27a The HISTORY VoI.IV. King ing, and no better than publick Robbers. The Uni- CharlesII. Yerfities were faid to be reduced to a. meer Munfter -, tj-^, and that, if the Goths and Vandals, and; even the Turks, had over-run the Nation, they could not iiave done more to introduce Barbarifm and difloyal Igno rance ; and yet in thefe Times, and by the Men that then filled the Univerfity Chairs, were educated1 the moft learned Divines and eloquent Preachers of. the laft Age, as the Stillingfieefs, Tillol fon's, Bull% Har row's, Whitby's, and others, who retained a high Ve neration for their learned Tutors after they were ejected and laid afide. The religious Part of the common People have been ftigmatized with the Character, of Hypocrites ; their Looks, their Drefs and Behaviour, have been painted in the moft frightful Colours ; and yet one may venture to challenge thefe Writers to pro duce any Period of Time fince the Reformation, where in there was lefs open Prophanenefs and Impiety/ and more of the Spirit and Appearance of Religion. ..Per haps there was a little too much Rigor and Preeifend&in indifferent Matters, which might be thought running in to a contrary Extrearm But the Lufts of Men were laid under a very great Restraint ; and tho' the legal Con ftitution was unhappily broken to Pieces, and Men were govern'd by falfe Politicks, yet better Laws were never made againft Vice, and thofe Laws never better put in Execution. The Drefs, the Language, and Converfetion of People, was fober and virtuous, and their Manner of Houfe- Keeping remarkably frugal;: There was hardly a fingle Bankrupcy to be heard of in a Year ; and in fuch a Cafe the Bankrupt had a Mark of Infamy upon him that he could never wipe off. The Vices of Drunkennefs, Fornication, pro phane Swearing, and every kind of Debauchery, were banifhed, and out of Fafhion. The Clergy of thefe Times were laborious to Excefs in Preaching and Pray ing, in Catechizing Youth, and Vifiting their Pa rifhes. The Magistrates did their Duty in fuppreffing all Kinds of Games, Stage-Plays, and Abufes in pub lick Chap.IV. of the Puritans. 273 lick Houfes. There was not a Play acted in any part King of England for almoft twenty Years. The Lor d's CharlesII. Day was obferved with unufual Striftnefs ; and there f^f^ were a Set of as learned and pious Youths in the Uni- s"'*^ verfity as had been known. So that if fuch a Refor mation of Manners had obtained under a legal Admi niftration, they would have deferved the Character of the beft of Times. But when the legal Conftitution was reftored there Of the came in with it a Torrent of all Kinds of Debauchery7"*" af- and Wickednefs. The Times that followed the Re-£/£. Iteration were the Reverfe of thofe that went before ; ti/„, for the Laws which had been made againft Vice for the Burnet. laft twenty Years being declared null, and the Magi- K. ChronJ Urates changed, Men fet no Bounds to their vitiousP- l^7m- Appetites. A Proclamation indeed was publifhed againft thofe loofe and riotous Cavaliers, whofe Loy alty cohfifted in drinking Healths, and railing at thofe who would not revel with them ; but in reality the King was at the Head of thefe Diforders, who was devoted to his Pleafures ; having given himfelf up to an avowed Courfe of Lewdnefs, his Bifhops and Doftors faid, that he ufually came fKom his Mi- ftreffes Lodgings to Church, even on Sacrament Days. There were two Play-houfes erected in the Neighbourhood of the Court. Women Aclreffes were introduced upon the Englijh Stage, which had not been known till that Time ; the moft lewd and obfcene Plays were acted ; and the more obfcene, the. better did they pleafe the King, who graced the afting every new Play with his Prefence. Nothing was to be feen at Court but Feafting, hard Drinking, Revelling, and amorous Intrigues, which produced the moft enormous Vices. From Court the Contagion fpread like Wild- fh.p.493? fire among the common People, infomuch that Men threw off the very Profeffion of Virtue and Piety, un der colour of drinking the King's. Health ; all kinds of old Cavalier Rioting and Debauchery revived ; the Appearances of Religion which remained with fome, . Vol. IV. T fur- 2 74 The HI STORY MqJjIYv Chariefl>I.fufrnifhed ^tter of Ridicule to .the-prophane Mppkers. 166.0. ° rea^ Piety •' Some who had been concerned in the v^-y-o former Tranfactipns thought, they could not rededs§ Coke. ,thei> Credit better than by laughing at all Religion, and telling or making Stories to expofe their, forrner Party and make them ridiculous, • To appear ferious, or make Confidence of ones Words and Actions,. Was the Way to be avoided as a Schifmatick, a Fanatkk, or a Sectarian ; tho' if there was any real -Religion during the Courfe of this Reign, it was chiefly, among thofe People. They who did not applaud the new Ceremo nies were marked out for Presbyterians, and every Prefbyterian was a Rebel. The old Clergy who had been fequefter'd for Scandal, having taken Poffeffion of their Livings, were intoxicated with their new Fe licity,^ and threw off all the Reftraints they were under Pan' II ; CVery Week (fa>"s Mr> Baxter) produced Re- parZ87' P°rtsL of one or other Clergyman wh%was taken up by the WatcJ* drunk at Night, and mobb'd in the Streets. Some were taken with lewd Women ; and one was reported to be drunk in the Pulpit. Such was the general Diffolution of Manners which attended the Tide of Joy that overfiow'd the Nation upon his Majefty's Reftoration ! TMr cr A,h°Utr this Time died the Reverend Mr. Francis Taylor. J flori f°metime Reftor of Clapham in Surrey, and afterwards of Yalden, from whence he was called to fit in the Affembly of Divines at Weftminfter, and had a confiderable Share in the Annotations which go under their Name. From, Talden Mr. Taylor re^ r?Vea^° Canicrkl'0\ and became Preacher of Chrifi Church in that City, where I prefume he died, leaving behind him the Character of a learned Critick in the- Oriental Languages, and one of the moft con fiderable Divines of die Affembly. He publifhed fe veral valuable Works, and among others a Tranfla- tion of the Jerujalem Targum on the Pentateuch out ot the Chaldee into Latin, dedicated to the learned Mr. Gataker of Rotherhithe, with a Prefatory Epiftle of Chap! IV. of the P u r i ta n's.' *75 of Selden's, and feveral others, relating to Jewifo An- JC^j1 tiquities. Among the Letters to- ^Archbifhop Jjfoer CharlesII. there is one from Mr. Taylor, dated from Clapham, ^^2^j 1635. He correfponded alfo with Bgetius, and moft of the learned Men of his Time.. He -feft behind him a Son who was blind, but ejected for Non-Con formity in the Year 1662. from St. Alphage jChurch in Canterbury, where he lies buriqd. T 2 CHAP. 276 The H I S TORY Vol. IV, C HAP. V. From the Reftoration .of King KpHARtES, 11. to the Conference at the Savoy* King ^E^ORE/we. relate' the Conference between the Ch,a6r6oIL O Epifcopal and Prefbyterian Divines about z.Com- *J-V^t prehenjion, it will be proper to reprefent the Views of View of the Court, "and the Bifhops^ who had prpmifecf; to the Court come to a Temper, and to bury all paft Offen- andofthe ces under the Foundation of the Reftoration. The mMs- , Poifit "in debate was, Whether Conceffions fhould }e made, and Pains taken to gain the Presbyterians ? The "King feemed to be for it ; but the Court Bifhops, ^wtfji Lord Clarendon at their Head, were abfolutely againft it : ' Clarendoh'rwas a Man of "high and abfolute Prihci- ples, arid gave himfelf up to the Bifoops, ' for the Ser vice they did him in reconciling the King to his Daugh ter's clandeftine Marriage with the Duke of York. If his Lordfhip had been for moderate Meafures' the greateft part of the Prefbyterians might have' been gained ; but he would not difoblige the Bifhops' j the Reafons of whofe angry Behaviour, were, 1. Their high Notions of the Epificopol Form ofi Government ds necejjary to the very Effence ofi a Chriftian Church. 1. The Refentment s that remained in their Breafts againft "all who had engaged with the Long Parliament, and had been the Caufe oj their Sufferings. 3. The Presbyterians being legally poffeffed oj moft oj the Bene fices in Church and State, it was thought necejjary to difpojfefis them ; and ij there muft be a Schijm, rather to have it out oj the Church than within it'; for it had been obferved, that the half Conforrnity of the Puri tans befpte the War, had in moft Cities arid Corpora tions, occafioned a Faction between the Incumbents and '.L'tlurers,^ which latter had endeavoured to rendet themfelves popular at the" Expence of the Hierarchy of the Chap. V. of the Pur itan s: &77 the Church. 4- Befides, They had tog much Credit in ! *gn Eleclions oj Parliament Men ; therefore inftead ot i66q • using Methods to bring them into the Church (fays Bi- ^-^j Ihop Burnet) they refolved to feek the moft effectual P. i78, ones for cafting therri out. Here was no Gratitude," 79- no Remembrance of paft Services, nor Compaffion for weak or prejudiced Minds, but a fixed Refoluti on todifarm their.OppOnents and fend them, a Beg- ing; fo that the Conferences with, the Prefbyterians which followed, were -no better than an Amufementio keep them; quiet till thefcquld obtain a Law to ftrike them all dead at once. ":h * - t . v The King was devoted to his Pleafures, and had no And of the Principles Of Religion; his.grand Defign was to lay **«* afleep the former Troubles, and to unite both Prote- -^ ftant and Papift under' his Government j with this View he fubmitted tci t-he Scheme of the Bifhops,, in hopes- of making it fubfervient to a general Toleration ; which- nothing could- make fo neceffary, as„ having great Bodies of Men ftiut out of the Church, and put under fevere penal Laws, who foould move for a; To leration, and make it reafonable for the Legiflature to grant it; but it was his Majefty's Refolution, that whatfoever foould be granted of that fort foould pafs in fo large a Manner, that Rafifts as well as other Sala ries foould be comprehended within it. The Duke ot York and- all the Papifts were in this Scheme ; they declared abfolutely againft a Comfrehenfion, but were ve ry much for a general Toleration, as what was neceffary for the Peace of the Nation, and promoting the Catho lick Caufe. If the Reader will keep thefe Things in mind, he will not be forprized that all Attempts for an Accom modation with Proteftants only were vain and fruitleis The well meaning Prefbyterians were all this while Prelhyte- ftriving againft the Stream, and making Intereftmr,^ with a Set of Men, who were now laughing in the r^/^ Sleeves at the abjeft Condition to which the ffos-henfion. lies of their Adverfaries had reduced them. ihejx.Chron, offered Archbifhop Ufoer's. Model of Primitive Epif-p. >73- * T 3 copacy *7% The HIS/JJOjfcY, .TpJjy* Ch*i*il COp2Cy *S a Plan of Accommodation 4 that -the ,Sw* 1660 'pljc^. che c*°fJ'm Baptifm, and Kneeling at. the Com- '?W nromon, foould be. left indifferent. They were: content K. Chron. to fet afide the Affembly's Conjejfion, and let the Arti- p. 182. cles of the Church of England take place with fome few Amendments^- About the middle of June Mr Calamy, Dr. Reynolds, Mr. Afoe,. Mr. Baxter,; Dr Wallis, Dr. Manton, and Dr, Spurftow, waited rupon the King, being rWoduced by the Earl of Man- chefter, to crave, his Majefty?* Interposition for reconci ling the Differences in rfh^Qhurch; that the People might not be deprived of their faithful Paftors,- Ho- neft Mr Baxter told his Majefty ,that the, Intereft of >.the Jate UJurfiers. with the People was their encouraging 'Reljgion; and, fie hoped the! King would not undo! but rather go fcyond the Good which CrtmwHi orany Other had done. 1 They laid a good deal ef &rt& on their own Loyalty, and carefully diftiflg^ifoe^ be tween their own Behaviour and that of other Sectaries, Who had foeen difioyal and. factious. The King told Ib.p.i83-tiiem, "Ple^glad to hear- of their Inclinations to - an Agreement ;,that he Would d© his Part to bring thenv together, -but this muft not be by- bringing ¦ one Party over to another, but by abating, fome? ¦ what on both fides and meeting in the Midway, ' and * that 11 it was not accomplifoed it foould not be his *ault; nay, he faid, he was refolved to fee it .. ^brought to pa6." Accordingly his Majefty- requi red them to draw up fuch Propofals as theyihought meet for an Agreement about Church-Government, and to fet down the rtoft they cOuld yield ; promifing them a Meeting with fome Epifcopal Divines in his Majefty's Prefence when, their Propofals were ready. Upon £- t^/T11'0^ the City Minifters to meet and coniult at Sion College, not excluding fuch of their Country Brethren as would, attend,.,, that it might not , be ftid afterwards they took upomthemfelvcs: the con cluding fo weighty an Affair. After two or three weeks Consultation, they 3greed upon a papw ^^ fol- Baxter, Part II p. 232. Chap's V. of thPV uritans. 279 fallowing Purpofe^ drawn up chiefly by Dr. Reynolds, King Dri:W*xlh, and '. MtxGalawy,* which, together wJthCWksII. A*Gftb£flnap rUfoerh iRjgduftlomof Epifcopacy, they of- \jj*°- fered os the King ; with the following Addrefs. ^^ ft- \-u\" ,. ... susV May it pleafie your mofi excellent Majefty, "-'< \7t 7 E ydur Majefty's moft loyal Subjefts cannot «. ;V"V but acknowledge it as a very great Mercy of **•• God, that immediately after fo wonderful and peace- " able Reftoration to your Throne and Government " -.(for Which we blefs his Name) he has flir'd up your "Royal Heart, as to a Zealous Teftimony againft Pro- " phanenefs, fo to endeavOur an happy compofing of " the. Differences, and healing the fetf Breaches which ,"jare in the- Church. And we fhall, according to """ our Uromden Duty, become humble Suitors to the f " Thtione of Grace, that the God of Peace, who has ". pHtifiwhta Thing as this into your Majefty's Heart, " will, by his heavenly Wifdom and Holy Spirit, af- " fift ybu herein; that you may bring-- your Refblu- " tions to a perfect Effect and Iffue ' " In humble Conformity to your Majefty's Chrifti- " an Defigns, we taking it for granted, that there is a *'-• firm Agreement between our Brethren and us, in the " Doctrinal Truths of the Reform'd Religion, and in the '* fubftantial Parts of Divine Worfoip, humbly defire, Firfti " That we may be fecured of thofe Things Abftraa of " in Practice of which we feem to be agreed in Prin- their firft " ciple ; as, pTofl{ 1. ".That thofe of our Flocks that are ferious in„ , ' fiT YtCl f " Matters of their Salvation may not be reproachfully part ji. -¦"¦¦ handled 'by Words of Scorn, or any abufive Lan- p. 232. f " guage,- but may be .encouraged in their Duties of " exhorting and provoking one another in their moft 1 '* holy : Faith, and of furthering one another in the " ''Ways of eternal Life. 2. " That each Congregation may have a learned, * 'Orthodox, and godly Paftor, that the People may T 4 « he 28, - >.¦... jr'*' That an effectual Coiirfe be takenifor the Sm^ ' ftification of the, Lord's Day, appropriating the' " lame to.holy Exercife* both inpublick ami private, , " without any unneceffary Divertifements." " w<> "Then for Matters in difference l-viz. ) Church- " Government, Liturgy, and Ceremonies, owe hum* bly reprefent ^ ^w. 2}n3fr . ¦ ^at.^e- do no£ enounce the true antient Primi- « tIVl bP!fcoPacy or Prefidency, . as > it . was ballaneed> with a^ due Commixtion of Prefoyters. If therefor ^ your Majefty, in your grave Wifdom and. Modeii ration fhall conftimte fuch an Epifcopacy, we ^ fhall humbly fubmit thereunto. And in order to an Accommodation in this weighty Affair, we de- fire humbly to offer fome Particulars which we con- ceive were amifs in the Epifcopal Government as it ¦ was practifed before the Year 1640. ,-„ cc VtThe great, Extent °f'the Bifoop'suDiocefe, which we apprehend too large .for hisperfbnal In' fpection. r cc %a\ That b/ fe/!"°n of *is Di^bility the Bifhops did depute the.Adminiftration, in Matters of fp&, tual Cognizance to Commiffiries, Chancellors, Of ficials, whereof fome are fecujar. Perfons/ and could tc not Chap.V. of the Puritans; 281 " not adminifter that Power that originally belongs to King « the Officers of the Church. CharlesII. 3. " That the Bifhops did aflume the fole Power of ^Xj " Ordination and Jurifdiction to themfelves. 4. " That fome of the Bifhops exercifed an arbitrary *' Power, by fending forth Articles of Visitation, en- " quiring unwarrantably 'into feveral Things; and " fwearing Church- Wardens to prefent accordingly. " Alfo many Innovations and Ceremonies were impo- " fed upon Minifters and People not required by " Law. ' - " For Remedy of thefe Evils we crave leave to " offer, 1. " The late moft Reverend Primate of Ireland, " his Reduction of Epifcopacy into the Form of Syrio- " dical Government. 2.! A1 We humbly defire, that the Suffragans, or ** ChorepifcOpii, may be chofen by the refpeftive " Synods.3. •¦*' That no Oaths/ or Promifes of Obedience to " the Bifhops, nor any Unneceffary Subfcriptions or " Engagements be made neceffary to Ordination, Iri- " ftitution, or Induction, Miniftration, Communion, " or Immunities of Minifters, they being refponfible " for any Tranfgreflion Of the Law. And that no *? Bifoops or Ecclefiaftical Governors may exercife their " Government by their private Will or Pleafure, but V only by fuch Rules, Canons, and Conftitutiahs, as " fliall be eftablifhed by Parliament." Secondly, " Concerning Liturgy. 1, " We are fatisfied in' our Judgments concerning " the Lawfolnefs of a Liturgy, or Form of Worfhip^ " provided it be for Matter agreeable to the Word of '? God, and fuited to the Nature of the feveral Ordi- " nances and Neceffities of the Church, neither too " tedious, nor compofed of too fhort Prayers or Re- " fponfals, not diffonant from the Liturgies pf other " Reformed Churches, nor too rigoroufly impofed, ' c . . "nor 282 .The- HISTORY .VWtfiV. King %oor the Minifter confined {hereunto, buif-that ihe S11'*' may alfo make "fe of his Gifts; for Prayer and-.,Ex- \^-y%< ".hortationi ^ff -'¦''- i • \k; 2 . " Forafoiuch as the Book of Common- Prayjer,is in "fome Things ijuftly offenfive, and needs- Amendment, «4. we moft humbly ^pray, that fome learned, godiy^-^nd '?...moderate '. Divines of both Pferfoafionsy may beiem- " ployed to compile; fuch a Form as is before deferibed; '6- as much as niraiy be in. Scripture .Words ; or at leaft to " revife, i and reform- the Old ; tegrfJher with an< Addi- " tion of btheP1 various Forms in Scripture Phrafe; ";:tcE be ufedracthsMiriifter's Choice.?' Jf" t< > -1 - ' fi»So ^Thirdly} v",COTcefningCerefndnies. - *' We hokf&tsrTdy^s obliged ira every Part of Di- " vine Worfhip, to do all Things decently aftfl tin- or- Hoder? and totEdificatibn ; aM are willing to be.de- *f- -termined by Authority im-Jiich ; Things, as- being " meerly circumftantial, are common to humart> Acti- " onsand Societies, and are to bearfdeued bji the-Light "¦ of Nature,- and human Prudence. ,"jnrn;j.» .; " As to divers' Ceremonies formerly reiainM in the " Church of England, we do; in all Humility, ¦offer " to your Majefty the folfowingtConfiderations....< •«-•> • •"-*' That the Worfhip of God is in it felf pure and " perfect, and decent, without any fuch Ceremonies. " That it is then moft pure and acceptable when it-has '? leaft of htrrriatf Mixtures.) That thefe Ceremonies s-' have been impofed and advarictd by fome, ifo as to " draw near to the Significancy and moral Efficacy of " Sacraments. That they have been rejected by ma- "< ny of the Reformed -Churches abroad, and* have " been ever the Subjeft of Contention and endlefs Dif- " putes in this Church ; and therefore being in their " own Nature indifferent, and mutable; they ought «' to be changed, left in Time they fhould be appre-r " hended as neceffary as the 'Subftantialsof Werfhip « themfelves. ' "May Chap. V. of the .Puritans. 283 : "May it therefore pleafe your Majefty gracioufiy King " to grant, that . Kneeling at the Lord's Supper, and Charlesil. " fuch Holy Days as are but of human Inftitution, ^J^,, " may not be impofed on fuch as fcruple theni. That " the Ufe oj the Surplice, and- Crojs in Bapiifin, and " Bowing at the. Name oj J ejus, may -be abolifhed. *' And forafmuch as erecting Altars 5-and bowing to- " wards them, and, fuch like (havings no Foundation '' in the Law of the : Land) have .been, introduced, jiand " impofed, we humbly befeech your Majefty, that " fuch Innovations may not be ufed- or impofed for the " future." : . , ./'¦: When the Prefbyterian Divines came to Court with Their Re- thefe Propofals, the King received *hem favourably ; ceptim, and promifed to bring both Parties together., His Majefty told them, -he was glad, to hear that they were for a Liturgy, and Forms of Prayer, and that they were willing to yield to the Effenceof Epifcopa cy; and therefore. he doubted not of procuring an Ac commodation. The. Minifters expected to. have met the Bifhops with- their Papers of Propofalsj but none of them appeared, having been/ better instructed in a private Conference with the Lord Chancellor Hyde, Who told them, it was not their Bufinefs to bring Propo fals, (becaufie they were in Poffeffion of the Laws of the Land ; that the Hierarchy and Service Book being the only legal Eftablifhment, ought to be the Standard of Agreement ; and therefore they had nothing to do but to anfwer the Exceptions of the Minifters againft it. . Accordingly, inftead. of a Conference, or Paper of Propofals, which the* Minifters expected, the Bifhops having, obtained a Copy of the Paper of the Prefoyte- ^n,.^^ nans,- drew up an Anfwer in writing, which was com- tj,e Bijhops. municated to their Minifters, July $.. Reply. In. this Anfwer the Bifhops take notice of the Mini - K. Chron. fters Conceffions in their Preamble, as that they agreed- z0°- with them in the Subftantials oj Doctrine and Wor-^fi*}^3 Jhip j and infer from thence, that their particular Ex- p£t' u ceptionsp. 24.2. 284 The HISTORY VoLJV. King ceptions are of lefs Importance, and ought not ,jx> be Chaj'e^1- flood upon to the DiftuFbance of the Peace of the i6f?o. ,^L , r \^-y-^j Church. To the Particulars they Anfwer, 1. ConcerningChurch-Government, " That they ne- *l ver heard any juft Reafons . for a Diflent from the " Ecclefiafticaf Hierarchy of. this Kingdom, which " they believe^ in the main to be- the true Primitive " Epifcopacy, i^hich -was more than a meer Presidency Baxter, «• of Order. Nof'xta they find that it was ballanced p. 243. « jjy any authoritative Commixtion of Prefbyters, tho* " it has been in all Times exercifed with the Affiftance ." and Counfel of Prefbyters in subordination; to Bi- " foops.^ They wonder that they foould except againft " the . Government by one fingle Perfon, which, if *' applied to the Civil (Magifirate, is a moft dangerous J'. Insinuation " As to the four particular Inftances of Things amifs, 1 . " We cannot grant the Extent of any Diocefe is " fo great, but that a Bifoop may well perform, his " Duty, which is not a perfonal Infpection. of every ." Man's, Soul, but the Paftoral Charge, or taking <•', Care that the Minifters, and other-Ecclefiaftical Of- ?' ficers within, their Diocefs, do their Duties; and if " fome Dioceffes foould be too large, the Law allows " Suffragans. 2. " Concerning Lay-Chancellors, &c. we confefs " the Bifhops did depute part of their Ecclefiaftical " Jurifdiction to Chancellors, Commiffiaries, Officials, " &c. as Men better fkill'd in the Civil and Ca- *' non Laws ;' but as for Mattprs of mere fpiritual "; Concernment, as Excommunication, Abfialution., and " other Cenfures of the Church, we conceive they be- " long properly to the Bifoop himfelf, or his Surro- ." gate, wherein .if any Thing., 'has been done amifs, " we are willing it foould.be, reformed. 3. "Whether Bifoops are a diftinft Order from " ^knowledge, that thefe Things are in their Nature l^^ " mutable, but we can by no means think itexpedi- " ent to remove them. However, as we are no way " againft fuch a tender and religious Compassion in " Things of this Nature, as his Majefty's Piety, and " Wifdom fhall think fit to extend; fo we cannot " think that the Satisfaftion of fome private Perfons is " to be laid in the Balance againft the publick Peace " and Uniformity of the Church. " As for Kneeling at the Lord's Supper, it is a Ge- " fture of the greateft Reverence and Devotion,' and fo " moft agreeable to that holy Service. " Holy Days of human Inftitutron having been ob- " ferved by the People of God in the. Old Teftament, " and by our bleffed Saviour himfelf in the Gospel, and " by all the Churches of Chrift in the primitive and fol- " lowing Times, as apt Means to preferve the Memori- " als of the chief Myfteries of the Chriftian Religion : " And fuchHolyDdys alfo being fit Times forthe honeft " Recreation of the meaner Sort of People ; for thefe " Reafons we humbly defire they may be continued in " the Church. " As for the three other Ceremonies, the Surplice, " the Crofts after Baptifin, and Bowing at the Name " of J ejus, tho' we fee not any sufficient Reafon why " they fhould be utterly abolifhed, neverthelefs, how " far forth, in regard of tender Confciences, a Liberty " may be thought fit to be indulged to any, his Majefty " is beft able to judge. They conclude thus, " We are fo far from believ- " ing that his Majefty's condefcending to the Mini- " fters Demands will take away not only our Diffe- " rences, but the Roots and Caufes of them, that we " are confident it will prove the Seminary of new Dif- " ferences, both by giving Diffatisfaction to thofe that " are well pleated with what is already eftablifhed, who " are much the greateft Part of his Majefty's Subje'fts ; "and Ci\ap,y. o/-^,Pijkitan,6. 287 " and by : encouraging unquiet Spirits, when thefe- King ^f Things fhall bfs granted, to make further, Demands ; CharlesII. sf theg t^ingno:AtXurance by therri given, -what will d^j\j **' content. all ^isTenters, than which- nothing is more^ •*' neceffary for fettling a firm Peace in \h§ Church;'-' " , . J "-¦• '-¦ , A^bout a Week aft?r die Prefbyterian Divines, fent Abftraa oj the Bifhops a. warm . Remonftrance, and Defence of'^Pr.ef- their Propofals, drawn up chiefly by Mr. -Baxter, to'^"*"jL the following Purpofp. their "fro- •:-¦-¦ .;,-' pofals. Concerning (he Preamble., K. Chr. " We are not , infenfible of the, Danger, of theP- 2°5- " Church, through the Doctrinal Errors, of thofe with p^jj " whom we differ about Points of Government andp z.g; " Worfhip ; but we choofe to fay nothing of the.Par- " ty that, we. are agreed with in Doftrinals, becaufe " , we by^th fubfcribe the fame holy Scriptures, Articles " of Religion, aqd.Bppks, of Homilies; and the Con- " tradiftions to their own Confeffions, which too ma- " ny are guilty of, wg did .not think juft to. charge " upon the Whole." Concerning Church-Government, . " Had you read Gerfion, Bucer, Parker, Baynes, " Salmajius, Blondel, he you would, have feen juft " Reafon givtjn for our Diflent from the Ecclefiaftical " Hierarchy as ftated in England. " Inftances ofi Things amifis. " You would eafily grant that Diocejes are too " o-reat, if you ,had ever confeionably tried the Tafk " which Dr- Hammond defcribeth as the Bifoop's "."VVork; or had ever believed Ignatius, and other " .antient Defcriptions of a Bifliop's Church. You can- " not be ignorant, that our Bifhops have thefole Go- " vernment of Paftors , and People; that the whole " Power of the Keys. is in their. Flands, and that their " Prefbyters' are, but Cyphers.5' • Con- 2*8 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King Concerning Ceremonies. QwxfesU. « Xhefe Divines argue for leaving them indifferent ^J-J^ " for the Peace of the Church, as being not effential "' to the Perfection of Chriftian Worfhip, especially " when fo many looked upon them as finful." They conclude thus, " We perceive your Counjels " againft Peace are not likely to, be fruftrated. Your " Desires concerning us are likely to be accomplifhjed. " You are like to be gratified with our Silence and " Ejection ; and yet we will believe, that Bleffed are " the Peace-makers ; and tho' we are prevented by " you in our Purfuits of Peace, and are never like ". thus publickly to feek it more, yet are we refolved, " as much as poffiblej to live peaceably with all «« Men." TheBe^in- The Eyes of the Prefbyterians were now opened, ing of "the and they began to confefs their Credulity in expecting an Sufferings Agreement with the Bifoops, who appeared to be ex- oftheVst -afperated, and determined to tie them down to the old ' Eftablifhment. The former Severities began already to' revive, and the Laws to be put in Execution againft fuch as did not make ufe of the old Liturgy. Many were fufpended and turned out of their Livings on this Account; upon which the leading Prefbyterians applied to the King, and humbly requefted, Who apply i. " That they . might with all convenient fpeed totheKing.n fee his Majefty's Conclufions upon the Propofals Baxter's « 0f mutual Condefcenfions, before they pafs into pSlI. " Refolves. p. 241. 2. " That his Majefty would publickly declare his " Pleafure for the Sufpenfion of all Proceedings upon " the Aft of Uniformity, againft Non-Conformifts to " the Liturgy and Ceremonies, till they faw the Iffue " of their hoped-for Agreement. 3. " That until the fejd Settlement there may be no " Oath of Canonical Obedience, nor Subfeription to " the Liturgy and Ceremonies required, nor Renun- " ciation of their Ordination by meer Prefbyters, im- 2 " pofed Chap.V. of the Puritan s.' " 289 " pofed as neceffary to Institution, Induction, or Con- King " firmation. CharlesII. 4. " That his Majefty would caufe the Broad Seal J^J " to be revoked, where Perfons had been put into the " Poffeffion of the Livings of others not void, by Se- " queftratipn, bvjt by the Death of the : former ln- " cumbents. n 5. " That a Remedy may be provided againft the " Return of fcandalous Minifters into r.he Places from " whence they had been ejefted." His Majefty^gave them a civil A udience, and told^a Affem\ them, he would put what he thought fit to grant them hlf °fDt~ into the Form of a Declaration, which they foould Jj^ ^ have the Liberty of perufing before it was made pyb- King's De- lick. A Copy of this was accordingly delivered by daratkn. the Chancellor to Mr. Baxter, and other Prefbyterian K. Chr. Divines, Sept. 4. with liberty to mike Exceptions, P-"279- and give Notice of what they difliked. Thefe Di-^ter'* vines petitioned for fome further Amendments and Al-p^t'jj# terations ; upon which the King appointed - a Day to p.- 27-5,, - hear what could be faid on both- Sides, and Came to 276- the Chancellor's Houfe, Oclober 22. attended by the Dukes of Albemarle and Ormond, the Earls of Man- chefier, Anglejea, and Lord Hollis, On the Part of the Bifoops were^ Dr. Sheldon, Bifoop of London, Dr. Morley, Worcefter \ Dr. Henchman, Salisbury, Dr. Cofins, Durham, Dr. Gauden, Exeter, Dr. Hqcket, Litchji and Coventry^ Dr. Barwick, Dean of St. Paul's, Dr. Gunning, &c. On the Side of the Prefbyterians were, Dr. Reynolds, Dr. Manton^ Mr. Calamy, Mr. Baxter^ ' Dr. Spurftow f°r n0t dedarinS ^ Affent Ul\ 1 Thl^Nine Articles> Provi^d he read and It cS Aflbn£ t0 a11 ** Do<^ Articles, TJ DW ?*Crz™msn And we do again renew dluL ltd m0nJfom Breda> that no Man foall be djfquietedor called tn queftion jor Differences of Opi- Z!enYtTV- °fiReligi°n Whkh d0 *" *Mb the reace oj the Kingdom. -u- Chap.V. of the Puritans. 295 His Majefty concludes, " with conjuring all his. King " loving Subjefts, to acquiefee and fubmit to this Dq- CharlesII. " claration, concerning the Differences that have fo J-^^ " much difquieted the Nation at home, and given Of- " " fence to the Proteftant Churches abroad." Tho* this Declaration did not pleafe all the Mini fters, yet the greateft Number in London, and Coun try were content ; but becaufe it went upon the Plan of Diocejan Epijcopacy, which they had covenanted againft, Others were not fatisfied ; fome ventur'd upon a fecond Addrefs to the King, in which they renew their Requefts for Archbifhop Ufoer's Scheme of Pri mitive Epifcopacy, as moft agreeable to Scripture, moft conducive to good Difcipline ; and as that which would fave the Nation from the Violation of the So lemn League and Covenant, which whether it were lawfully impofed or no, they conceive now to be bind ing upon them. Concerning the Preamble of his Majefty's Declara tion they tender thefe Requefts. 1. " That as they are perfuaded it is not in his^¥raSlsf " Majefty's thoughts, to intimate that they are guilty ^ ^//'f " of the Offences therein mentioned, they hope it will^X„*" " be a Motive to haften the Union. and Re- 2. " Tho' they deteft Sacrilege, yet they will not queftsofthe " determine, whether in fome Cafes of fuperfluities of i^re%te- " Revenues, and the Neceffity of the Church, there „.„' " may not be an Alienation, which is no Sacri- Non'conf, ft lege. _ P. ,4. 3. " His Majefty having acknowledged their Mo- Baxter, " deration, they ftill hope they may be received intoPart -H- " the Settlement, and continue their Stations in theP' % ' " Church. 4, " Since his Majefty has declared, that the Effence " of Epifcopacy may be preferved, tho' the Extent of " the Jurifdiftion be alter'd, they hope his Majefty *« will confent to fuch an Alteration as may fatisfy « their Confciences," U 4 They 29^ The HISTORY Vol. IV. ChSefll p.7^ then renew their Requefts for promoting of 1660. plet y.j. ofa religious and diligent Miniftry ; of the .VTV Requifites of Church Cpmmunion, and for the Obfer vation of the Sabbath. They complain that Parifh Diicipline is not fufficiently granted in his Majefty's Declaration, that inferior Synods are paffed by, and tnat the Bifoop is not Epijcopus Prxfes, but" Epfcopus frinceps, endued with fole Power of Ordination and Ju rifdiction. They therefore pray again, that Archbi- n°L-TT S F?rm of Church-Government may be eitabnfhed at leaft in thefe three Points : 1. '• That the Paftors of Parifhes may be allowed ' to preach catechife, and deny the Communion of the Church to the Impenitent, Scandalous, or fuch ' as do not make a credible Profeffion of Faith and Obedience to the Commands of Chrift 2. " That the Paftors of each Rural Deanry may meet once a Month to receive Prefentments and Ap- ^ peals, to admonifo Offenders, and after due Pati ence to proceed to Excommunication. «« % "Ji1" a, Diocefan Synod of the Delegates of Rural Synods may be called as often as need re- < quires; that the Bifhop may not ordain or ex- ercife fpinmal Cenfures without the Confeiit of the Majority ; and that neither Chancellors, Archdea- cons Commijjaries nor Officials, may pafs Cenfures purely fpintual ; But for the Exercife of Civil Go- " Iir^K' C°ei'Cively b^ Mul6ts' or ^rporal Pe- ¦ nalties, by power derived from your Majefty, as fu- preme over all Perfons and Things Ecclefiaftical, we " prefume not at all to interpofe." ' ' cc cc . " As to the Liturgy. LTfo7 "iTr % thf his Ma>^ *** declar^d, that M none' ^ld fuffer .&* not ufing the Common-Pray- . ' I a iCai" that Jt 1S S1Ven in Charge to the Tudges V at the Affizes, to indict Men upon the Aft of ufi! " formity, Chap.V. of the Pur i tans. 297 " formity for not ufing the Common-Prayer. That King ** it is not only fome obfolete Words and Phrafes that Ch^esII° " are offenfive, but that other Things need Amend- ^-J, " ment ; therefore we pray, that none may be punifo- " ed for not ufing the Book, till it be reformed by '* the Confent of Divines of both Parties." " Concerning Ceremonies. " They thank his Majefty for his gracious Conceffi- " ons, but pray him to leave out of his Declaration thefe ¦ ' Words, That we do not believe the Praclice ofthepar- " ticular Ceremonies excepted againft unlawful, becaufe " we are not all of that Opinion ; but we defire, that *' there maybe no Law nor Canon for, nor againft them, " (being allowed by our Opponents as indifferent) as " there is no Canon againft any particular Gesture in Sing- " ing Pfalms, and yet there is an Uninterrupted Unity." For particular Ceremonies. 1. " We humbly crave, that there may be liberty ?' to receive the Lord's Supper either Kneeling, Stand- " ing, or Sitting. 1. That the Obfervation of Holy *' Days of Human Inftitution may be left indifferent. " 3. We thank your Majefty for Liberty as to the " Crofis in Baptijm, the Surplice, and Bowing at the ' ' Name oj Jefius ; but we pray;, that this Liberty 'f may extend to Colleges and Cathedrals, for the Bene- " fit of Youth. as well as elder Perfons, and that the " Canons which imppfe thefe Ceremonies may be re- ?' peal'd. "• We thank your Majefty for your gracious Con- V ceffion of the Forbearance of Subfeription ; tho' we " do not diffent from the Do&rinal Articles of the " Church of England ; nor do we fcruple the Oaths " of Allegiance and Supremacy, nor, would we have " the Door left open for Papifts and Heret-icks to '' come in. " But we take the Liberty to reprefent to your Ma- -' jetty* triat notwithftanding your gracious. ConceC '¦'fions 298 The HISTORY Vol. IV. Ki«i *i fions, our Minifters cannot procure Inftitution with- 66 out renouncing their Ordination by Presbyters, or \^r^rsJ " being Re-ordained, nor without Subfcription and " the Oaths of Canonical Obedience. And we are " apprehenfive that your Majefty's Indulgence does " not extend to the Abatement of Re-Ordination, or " Subfcription, or the Oath of Canonical Obedience. *' We therefore earnestly crave, that your Majefty " will declare your Pleafure, i. That Ordination " and Inftitution, and Induction, may be conferr'd " without the faid Subfcription and Oath. 2. That " none may be urged to be Re-ordained, or denied *' Inftitution for want of Ordination by Prelates, that *' have been ordained by Prefbyters. 3. That none " may forfeit their Prefentation or Benefice for not " reading thofe Articles of the Thirty Nine that relate " to Government and Ceremonies." Opinion of However, if the King's Declaration, without any fime Amendments, tad paffed into a Law, it would Church- \ftxz prevented in a great Meafure the Separa- 7e&#.,<*£& ******&& &*¦_ , ¦**&!/ Y Vol.IV. King and moft irrfeteraKagainft the Prefbyterians, were CharlesILpj-gfej-j-'d to Bifoopricks, by which they were more than -*£^" compenfated for their Sufferings, by the large Sums of ^*v Money they raifed by renewing of Leafes, which after fo Jong an Interval were almoft all expired ; but what a fed Ufe they made of their Riches, I choofe rather . to relate in the Words of Bifhop Burnet than my own. " What the Bifoops did with their great " Fines was a Pattern to all the lower Dignitaries, " who generally took more~ Care of themfelves than j " of the Church ; the Men of Service were loaded, I " with many Livings, and many Dignities. With " this Acceffion of Wealth there broke in upon the " Church a great deal of Luxury and high Living, " on Pretence of Hofpitality ; and with this Overfet of " Wealth and Pomp that came upon Men in the De- " cline of their Age, they who were now growing in- " to old Age became lazy and negligent in all the true " Concerns of the Church." From this Time, fays Bifoop Kennet, the Prefoyte- The begin- nans began to prepare for the Cry of Perfecution, and '£f£te: nof without Reafon, for Feb. 14. Mr. Zach. Crofiton, Minifter of Aldgate, was fent to the Tower for writing in fevour of the Covenant ; where he lay a confi derable Time at great Expence, and was at laft turned out of his Parifo without any Confideration, tho' he had a Wife and feven Children, and had been very zealous for the King's Reftoration. Mr. Andrew Par- Jons, Reft or. of Went in Shropfoire, a noted Loyalift, was fetch'd from his Houfe in the Month of December by fix Soldiers, for feditious Preaching, and Non- Conformity to the Ceremonies ; for which he was fined two hundred Pounds, and to continue in Prifon till paid. Spies were fent into all the Congregations of Prefby terians throughout England, to obferve and report their Behaviour to the Bifoops ; and if a Minifter lamented the Degeneracy of the Times, or expreffed his Concern for the Ark oj God ; if he preached againft Perfidiouf 1 nets, P- 3H- Perfeeution of the Non-Con- formifts. Conf. Plea, p. 34- Methods for that purpofe. Chap.V. tff^f Puritans. 303 nets, or glanced at the Vices of the Court, he was King marked for an Enemy to the King and Government.CharlesIJ. Many eminent and loyal Prefbyterians were fent to ^LiV^ Prifon upon fuch Informations, among whom was the Learned and Prudent Mr. John Howe, and others ; and when they came to their Trials the Court was garded with Soldiers, and their Friends not fuffered to attend them. Many were fequefter'd from their Livings, and cited into the Ecclefiaftical Courts, jor not ufing the Surplice and other Ceremonies, while the Difcipline of the Church was under a kind of Sufpenr fion. So eager were the Spiritual Courts to revive the Exercife of their Power ; and fo strongly did the Tide run againft the unhappy Prefbyterians ! The Convention Parliament paffed sundry Afts with AiifirRe- relatlon to the late Times, of which thefe following^™|^ , deferve to be remember'd : An Aft for the Confirming q"/'^ and Reftoring oj Minifters, which enafts, among other Things, that " every fequefter'd Minifter who has not *' justified the late King's Murder, or declared againft *« Infant Baptifm, fhall be reftored to his Living be- " fore the 25th of December next enfuing, and the pre- " fent Incumbent foall peaceably quit it, and be ac- " countable for Dilapidations, and all Arrears of " Fifths not paid." By this Aft fome hundreds of Non-Conformift Minifters were difpoffefred of their Livings before the Aft of Uniformity was formed. Here was no Diftinction between good or bad » but if the Par Jon had been Epifcopal ly Ordained, and in Poffeffion, he muft be reftored, tho' he had been eject- - ed upon the ftrongeft Evidence of Immorality or Scandal. The Aft for Confirmation oj Marriages was very F°r">n- ferviceable to the Peace of the Kingdom, and prevent--^?""-? ed numberlefs Law-Suits. It enafts, " That all Mar-^X'/i/" " riages fince May 1. 1642. folemnized before a Ju- Times. " ftice of Peace, or reputed Juftice ; and all Marri- " ages fince the faid Time, had or folemnized accord- 44 ing to the Direction of any Ordinance, or reputed "Aft 5b4 The H I S f O R Y Vol. IV. •&>£ " Aft or Ordinance of one or botii Houfes of Parlia* CharlesII., t ment, foall be adjudged and efteemed! to be of the x^^j " fame Force and Effect as if they had been folemns* '" zed according to the Rites and Ceremonies of the ." Church of England." Attainder An Aft for the Attdinder -of J "ever al Perfons guilty efthe 0f ffa ^rrid Murder of his late fiacred Majefty Kiig y'ud* Charles I. and jor the perpetual Objervation of the J s"' 30th of January. This was the Subjeft of many Con ferences between the two Houfes, in one of which Chancellor Hyde declared, that the King having fent him in Embaffy to the King of Spain, charged him to tell that Monarch exprefly, " That the horrible t; Murder of his Father ought not to be deemed as the " Aft of the Parliament, or People of England, but " of a fmall Crew of Wretches and Mifcreants who " had, ufurped the fovereign Power, and render'd ct themfelves Mafters of the Kingdom;" for which the Commons fent a Deputation with Thanks to the King. After the Preamble the Aft goes on to attaint ail the King's Judges, dead or alive, except Colonel Ingoldsby and Thompfon, who for their late good -Ser vices were pardoned, but in their room were included Colonel Lambert, Sir Harry Vane, and Hugh Peters, Cromwel who were not of the Judges. The Bodies of O. Crom- and others we^ firadfoaw, and Ireton, were taken out of their in favour of "a Commonwealth. Mr.. H. Cromwel, in one of his Letters from Ireland, 1657-5.8. fays, " 'Tis a fad Cafe, , when Men knowing the Dif- " Acuities we labour under feek Occafions to quarrel " and unfettle every Thing again ; I hear Harrijon; " Carew, and Okey, have done new Feats. I hope " God will infatuate theirs in their Endeavours to di- " ftur.b the Peace of.the^atiorf; their Folly foews " them to be no better than Abufers of Religion, a.nd " fuch whofe Hypocrify the Lord will avenge in dvje " Time." They certainly confounded the Caufe of the Parliament, or the Neceffity of entering into a War to bring Delinquents fo Juftice, with cutting off the King's Head, whereas they were distinct and fepa- rate Things ; the former might be lawful, when the latter had neither Law nor Equity to fupport it; for admitting (with them) that the King is accountable to his Parliament, the Houfe of Commons, alone is, not the Parliament ;, and if it was, it could not be fo, after it was under Restraint, and one half of the Members kept from their Places by the Military Power. They had no, Precedent for their Conduct, nor any Rule of Law to try and condemn their Sovereign : Tho' the Scripture fays, He that foeds Man's Blood, by Man jhall his Blood befoed ; yet this is .not the Duty of pri vate Perfons, when there is a Government fubfifting. If the King had fallen in Battle it had been >a different Cafe ; hut how Criminal foe ver his Majefty might be in their Opinions, they were not his Judges, and therefore could have no Right by their own Verdict to A^ for an put him to Death. ... cST"^ There was another Act paffed. this Seffions, for ati£rJf"fig ..perpetual A,univerfery Tbankfgiving on the 29th of 2g//, of X 2 May,May. 308 TfoHISfORY Vol.IV. King May, for his Majefty's happy Reftoration ; upon which CharlesII. occaf10n the Bifoops were commanded to draw up a fuit- J-y^, able Form of Prayer ; and Mr. Robinjon, in the Pre face to his. Review oj the Caje oj Liturgies, fays', that in the firft Form, which is fince alter'd, there are thefe unwarrantable Expressions, which I mention on ly to fhew the Spirit of the Times. * — " We be- " feech thee to give us Grace, to remember, and " provide for our latter End, by a careful and ftudi- " ous Imitation of this thy bleffed Saint and Martyr, " and all other thy Saints and Martyrs that have gone " before us ; that we may be made worthy to receive " Benefit by their Prayers, which they, in Commu- " nion with thy Church Catholick, offer up unto thee " for that Part of it ihere Militant, and yet in fight A with, and danger from the Flefh " MiltonV The 'Books of the Famous Mr. Milton, and Mr. and J. John Goodwin, writ in Defence of the Sentence of G.°°d" Death, paffed upon his late Majefty, were called in by Turnt Proclamation. And upon the 27th of Auguft, Milton\ Dejenjio pro Populo Anglicano* contra Salmafium ; and his Anfiwer to a Book, entituled, The Portraiture ofi his fiacred Majefty in his Solitude and Suffering?, were burnt by the Hands of the Common Hangman ; together with Mr: John Goodwin's Book, entituled, The 'ObftrUclorsloj Juftice ; but the Authors abfconded till Burnet, the Storm was over. It was a Surprize to all People p. 163, .that they efcaped Cenfure. None but Goodwin and 1 4- Peters had magnified putting the King to Death in their Sermons ;; but Gootf'u in's being a ftrenuous Arminian procur'd him Friends. Milton had appear'd fo boldly, though with much Wit, and great Purity and Ele gance of Stile, upon the Argument of putting the King to Death, that it was thought a ftrange Omission not to except him^ out of the Aft of Indemnity; but he lived many Years after, tho' blind, to get immortal Honour by his celebrated Poem, entituled, Paradijt, loft. -:;>. The Chap.V. of the P u r i tan s. 309 „ The Tide ©F Joy that overfpread the Nation with King the King's Reftoration brought with it the Revival of Gha^esI1- Popery, which had been at a very low Ebb in .theiL_^r late Times; Great Numbers of that Religion came Popery re- over with his Majefty, and crouded about the Court, v'ws in magnifying their Sufferings for the late King. A-LiftEnSland- of the Lords, Gendefnen, and other Officers, that were Icilled in his Service, was printed in red Letters, by which it appeared that befides feveral Noblemen, ten Knights and Baronets, fourteen Colonels, feven Lieutenant Colonels, fourteen Majors, fixty fix Cap tains, eighteen Lieutenants and Cornet?, and thirty eight Gentlemen, loft their Lives in the Wars, befides great Numbers wounded and fequefter'd. from their Eftates. The Queen-Mother came from France-and resided at So- merjet Houfe with her Catholick Attendants both religi? ous and fecular. Several Romijh Priefts who had been confined jn Newgate, Lancafter, and other Gaols, were by order of Council fet at Liberty. Many Popifh Priefts were fent over from Douay into" England as Miffionaries for propagating that Religion ; and their Clergy appeared openly in Defiance of the Laws ; they were bufy about the Court and City in giving away, and difperfing Popifh Books of Devotion ; and the King gave open Countenance and Protection to fuch as had been ferviceable to him abroad, and came over with him, or foon followed him, which (Bifoop Ken net fays) his Majefty could not avoid. Upon the Whole, more Roman Catholicks appeared openly this Year, than in all the twelve Years of the Inter- Reg- hum put together. ; In Ireland the Papifts took Poffeffion of their Eftates, And in which had been forfeited by the Rebellion and Malta- Ireland. .ere, and turn'd out the Purchafers ; which occafioned fuch Commotions in that Kingdom that the King was obliged to iffue out a Proclamation, commanding them to wait the Determinations of the next Parlia7 ment. The Body of their Clergy by an Inftrument, bearing Date Jan. 1. 1660. 0. S. figned and fealed X 3 by 3id WHlSfORY Vol.IV. King by the chief Prelates and Officials of their Religion* Cha'J5sII"ventur'd fo depute a' Perfon of their own Communion yjry^> to congratulate his Majefty's Reftoration, and to 'pre fent their humble Supplications for the free Exercife of ,.;. their Religion, purfuant to the Articles of 1648. 'whom the King received very favourably, and ehcoii- raged to hope ft f an Accomplifrjment of their Requefts in due T'vctxe. Such was die prodigious Change' of the Times within nine1 Months after the King's Arrival at Whitehall'! v" f'-v'"Jl vy^' u . Infirretii-- The only Pretenders to Religion who attempted any Fifth Mo- Th'nS againft the Government was. a fmall 'Number of narchy ° Enthufiafts, who wete for King J ejus: Their Leader Men. was Thomas Venner, a Wine.-Cooper, who in his liftle Conventicle in. .Coleman Street warmed his Admirets with passionate Expectations of a fifth Univerfal Mo narchy under the perfonal Reign of King J ejus upon Earth, and that the Saints were to take the Kingdom themfelves. To introduce this imaginary Kingdom they marched out of their Meeting-Houfe towards St. Paul's Church Yard on Sunday, Jan. 6. to the Number of about Fifty Men well armed, and with a Refolution to subvert, the prefent Government or die in the Attempt. They publifhed a Declaration of the Design of their Ri ling, and placed Ceritinels at proper Places. The Lord Mayor fent the Trained Bands to difperfe them, whom they quickly routed, but in the Evening retired to Cane Wood, between High-Gate and Hampftead. On Wednejday Morning they returned arid difperfed a Par ty of the, King's' Soldiers in T'breadneedle-Street. In Wood-Street they repell'd the Trained Bands, and fome of the Florfe-puards "; but Venner Jtimfe'lf was knock'd dowti, ; and fome of his Company flain ; from hence die Remainder retreated to Cripplegate, and took Poffeffion of an'Houfe, which they threaten'd to defend with a defperate Refolution, but no-body appearing to countenance their Frenzy, they furrender'd after they, had' loft about half their JNumber; Vcfiner, and one of his Officers, were hanged before their Meeting- Houfe iten- Ven- Chap. V. of tht Puritan 9. 311 Houfe Door in Cplemat$tStreet, Jan. 19. and a few King Days after Nine more were executed in divers Parts oFChaJlesI1 the City. J?%*j This mad Infurreftion gave the Court a Handle for Confeque-. breaking through the late Declaration of ' Indulgence, ces of 'Vei within three Months after it was publifhed ; for Jan. 2.ne['s Ia: there was an Order of Council aeainft the Meetings O{fijrea'on- Sectaries in great Numbers, and at unufual Times ; p ' and op the 10th of January a Proclamation was piib- lifh'd, whereby his Majefty forbids the Anabaptifts, Quakers, and Fifth Monarchy Men, to affembfe of meet together under pretence of Worfoiping God, ex cept it be iii- fome Parochial Church, or Chapel, or in Private Houfes by the Perfons there inhabiting. All Meetings in any other Places are declared to be unlaw ful and riotous. And his Majefty commands all Mayors, and other Peace-Officers, to feafch for fuch -Cqnventjicles, and caufe the Perfons therein to be bound, oyer to the next Seffions. Upon this the Inde pendants, Baptifis, and Quakers, who diffented from the Eftablifoment, thought fit publickly to difown and renounce the late Infurreftion. The Independants, tho' not nam'd in the Proclaim- Difirwn'd tion, were obnoxious to the Government, and fufpeftr^^ Itl7 ed to join in all Defigns that might change the Confti-d^"" tution into a Commonwealth: To wipe off this Odi um there was publifhed, A Renunciation and Declara tion ofi the Congregational Churches, and publick Preachers ofi. the fiame Judgment, living in and about the City fj London, againft the late horrid Injurretli- on and Rebellion ailed in the Jaid City. Dated Jan. 1 660. In this Declaration they difown the Principles of a Fijth Monarchy ; or, The perjonal Reign ofi King Jefius on Earth, as difhonourable to him, and prejudicial to his Church 5 and abhor- the Propagating this or any otheF Opinion by Force or Blood. They refer to their late Meeting of Meffengers from one hundred and twenty Churches of dieir Way at the Savoy, in which they declared, ( Chap. XXIV. OJ their Confiefijion ) That X/4 ' ' Cwil 312 The H I S TO R Y Vol- W. King Civil Magistrates are of Divine Appointmertt, " and ch^r'es(11, that it is the Duty of all People to pray for them, to y^-y^z honour their Perfons, to pay them Tribute, to obey -'"their lawful Commands, and to be fiibject • to- their Authority ; and that Infidelity » , or .Difference in Reli-^ gion, does not, make void the Magiftrate's juft and le gal Authority, ,nor free the People from their Obedi ence. Accordingly they ceafe flo& to pray for all Sorts of Bleffings, fpiritual and temporal, upon the Perfon and Government of his. .Majefty, • and . by the- Grace OfGod1 will continue to-,do , fo themfelves, and perfuade others thereunto. , And: with regard to- the late impious and ; prodigioufly daring Rebellion ; they add, Curjed be their Anger, jor it was fierce-; and their Wrath, for it was cruel : O my. Soul ! come not thou into their Se cret, but let God .divide than* in Jacob, and feat ter' them in Israel. Sign'd by yn: JofiGaryl, George Griffiths, Richard Kenrick, Robert Bragge, Ralph Venning, JohnOxenbridge, Philip Nye, JohwRowe, Thomas Weld, Samuel Slater, George Copkayn, Thomas Goodwin, Thomas Brooks, Corn. Helme, ¦ John Hodges, John Bachiler, Seih Wood,. WilL Greenhill, Matth < -.Barker, <¦• Tho. Malorv, ' John Loder, John Yates, Thomas Owen, Nath.' Mather, Will. Sloughlotiv "By the Baptifts. The Baptifts publifo'd an Apology in behalf of themfelves, and their Brethren of the fame Judgment, with a Protefitation againft the late wicked and moft horrid Treafion and Rebellion in this City ofi London ; in which they declare their I^oyalty to the King, and promife that their Practice foall be conformable ; fub fcribed by William Kiffen, Henry Den, John Batty; Thomas Lamb, Thomas Cowper,. and about twenty nine or thirty other Names. They alfo addreffed the King, that the Innocent might not fuffer with the Guilty ; protefting in the moft folemn Manner* that they Chap.V. of the P u r i tan s; 3 13 they had not the leaft Knowledge of the late Infuf recti- King, on, nor did -directly nor indirectly, contrive, promote, CharlesII, affift, or approve of it. They offered to give Security ^^j for their peaceable Behaviour, and for their support ing his Majefty?s Perfon and Government. But not withftanding this, their religious Affemblies were di-- fturb'd in all Places, and their Minifters imprifon'd ; great Numbers were crouded into Newgate, and other Prifons, where they remained under clofe Confinement till the King's Coronation, when the general Pardon publifhed on that Occafion fet them at liberty. The Quakers alfo addrefs'd the King upon this Oo-. cafion in the following Words : Oh King Charles ! " /^\UR Defire is, that thou mayeft live for ever By the " U in the Fear of God, and thy Council. WeQsakers- " befeech thee, and thy Council, to read thefe follow- Ken^ " ing Lines, in tender Bowels, and Compaflion for*1' ^ '-' our Souls, and for your Good. , . , " And this ' confider, we are about four hundred " imprifoned in and about this City, of Men, and Wo- 'f men from their Families ; befides, in the Country " Goals above ten hundred. We defire, that our " Meetings may not be broken up, but that all may " come to a fair Trial, that our Innocency may be clear- « ed up : " London, 1 6th Day eleventh Month, 1 66a. On the- 2,8th of the fame Month they publifhed the Declaration referr'd to in their Addrefs, entituled, A lb. p. 364,' Declaration from the harmlefis and innocent People oj God called Quakers, againft all Sedition, Plotters and Fighters in the World, for removing the Ground of Jealoujy and Sujpicion Jrom both Magifirates and Peo ple in the Kingdom, concerning Wars and Fightings. Prefented to the King the 21ft Day of the eleventh Month, 1 660. Upon which his Majefty promifed them, on the Word of a King, that they fhould not fuffer for their 3-i4 !T^ HISTORY- VoLIV. King their- Opinions as long as they, lived peaceably ; b\i% his Cha6r'esI1, Promifes were little regarded.-, . > ¦¦ nJ-v^z The Prefbyterian Clergy were., in. fome Degree af- Prelbyte- fefted with thefe. Commotions, tho' Envy it felf could rians in not charge them, with Guilt ; but it was thg Wifo and Trouble, pefice^f the Prelatical Party, .that they might difco^ Rapm, ver their. Uneafijieffes tin fuch a Manner as might ex- p* 2 *' pofe them to Trouble ; for their Ruin was already de termined, only fome Pretexts were wanting to execute; the Defign, particularly fuch as affe9» " Saviour (fays he) was to eafe Men of their former I0" " Burdens, and not to lay on more ; the Duties he " required were no other but fuch as were neceffary, " and withal very juft and reafonable ; he that came " to take away the insupportable Yoke of Jewifo Ce- " remonies, certainly did never intend to gall the " Necks of mis Difciptes with another inftead of it ; " and it would be ftrange the Church fhould require *' more than Chrift himfelf did, and make other Con? " ditions of her Communion than our Saviour did of " Difciplefoip. What poflible Reafon can be affign- " ed or given why fuch Things foould not be fuffici- " ent for Communion with a Church which are fuffi- «' cient " ^er '^e Things commanded, and, required -be. lawful ?' or not ? It is not, whether Indifferencies rnay be de- . .?,' termined or no? It - is not^how far Chriftians are -"'¦*' bound to fubmit to , a Restraint- of their Chriftian "Liberty which. X, now enquire . after, but whether " they confult the Church's Peace and , Unity who 1', fufpend it upon, fuch Things. -—We never., read of " the, Apoftles making Laws, but of Things neceffary, il. as;Acls,xv.fiQ_. ¦. It was not enough with them .that ",,the Things would, be neceffary when they had,requi- '"¦ red them ;, but they looked Upon an antecedent Ne- " xeffity either-abfolute or for the. prefent State,, wJiich •" was the only Ground of .their impofing thefe Gom- " mands upon the Gentile Chriftians. But the Holy "'"Ghoft never thought, thofe Tilings .fit to be made " Matters of f Law- to-. which all Parties fhould con- " form. ; All that, the Apoftles required as to this u~_ was. mutual Forbearance and Condefcenfion towards l",,each other. in them. The; Apoftles valued not In- lif differences at-aU ; and thofe -.Things they accounted ,"' as finch which were of no Concernment .to, their Sal- ." vation. (, And what, -Reafon,' is there why Men >'„ fhould be tied up fo strictly to foch Things' which " they may do .or let alone,- and. yet be very good ," Chriftians,?' Without all Controverfy, the main In- " let of all. the . Diftraftions, . Canfofions,, and Divi- "fipns of the;. Chriftian World, has been by adding .",, other Conditions of Church Communion than Chrift 'f\ has done.. ~^— Would there ever be the lefs Peace " and Unity in a, Church. if a Diversity were allowed " as to Practices, fuppofed. indifferent ? Yea, there " would be .. fo much, more, as there was a mutual ^ Forbearance and Condefcenfion as to foch Things. """ The Unity of. the Church is an Unity of Love and " Affection, and not a bare Uniformity of Practice and. " Opinion There is nothing in the Primitive " Ciiurch more deferring out Imitation than that ad-; " mirable Charj.V. of the Puritans. 317 " rriifable Temper,1 Moderation' and Condefcenfion King, " . p. 66, " is clearly revealed in the Word of God. 2: That 67. " nothing be required or determined but what is fuffi- " ciently known to be indifferent in its own Nature. " 3. That whatever is thus determined be in order bn- " ty to a due Performance of what is in general requi- " red in the Word of God, and not to be look'd up- " on as any Part of Divine Worfhip or Service. " 4.- That no Sanctions be made, nor Mulcts or Pe- " nalties be inflicted on fuch who only distent from " the Ufe of fome Things whofe Lawfolnefs they at " prefent fcruple, till fufficient Time and Means be ufed " for their Information of the Nature and Indifferehcy " of thefe Things. I am fure (fays the Dr.) it is contrary " to the Primitive Practice, and the Moderation then " ufed, to fufpend or deprive Men of their'Minifteri- « al Function for not conforming in Habits and Ge- " ftures, or the like. Lafily, That Religion • be hot " clog'd with Ceremonies ; for when they are multi- " plied too much, tho' lawful, they eat out the Heart, " Heat,_ Life and Vigor of Chriftianity — -" If the Doctor had kept to thefe Principles he; could hardly have fubfcribed the Aft of Uniformity next Year, much lefs have writ fo fiercely againft the Diffenters, as he didtwenty Years afterwards. But all he could fay or do at prefent -availed nothing, the Prefbyterians were in Difgrace, and nothing could put a Stop to the Tor rent of popular Fury that was coming down upon them. TheEarl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor, was now 1661. prime Minifter, and at the Head of Affairs. : The King's Year began with new Scenes of Pleafure and Diver- Marriage, fion, occafioned by the King's Marriage1' with the In- fenta 318 2&. HISTORY VoJ.IV. King fanta of Portugal* which, was confummated April 30. CharlesII. Xhe Match was promoted by General Monk and. Lord n^L, Clarendon, if, according to the Oxjord Hiftorian, the ^^ latter was not the firft Mover of it. But it was reckon ed very odd* that a Proteftant Chancellor foould ad- vife the King to a Popifh Princefs, when a Catholick King propofed at the fame Time a Proteftant Contort. But his Lordfhip had further Views, for it was gene rally talked among the Merchants, that the Infanta could have no Children, in which Cafe the Chancel lor's Daughter, who had been privately married to the King's Brother, muft succeed, and her , Iffue by the Duke of York fill the Throne ; which happen'd accordingly in the Perfons of Queen Mary II. and Queen Anne. Such was the aspiring Views; of this- great Man, which, together with his haughty Behavi our towards his Inferiors, proved his Ruin. €hara8er The Convention Parliament being diffolved, a new vfthe New one was fommoned to meet May 8. The Houfe of ent Commons was made up of Reprefentatives agreeable Rapi'n to t^le ^ifhes of the Courtiers, who had taken Care to recommend fuch Perfons for Members as were zealous Enemies of the Prefbyterians, and followed the Princi ples of Archbifhop Laud ; many of them had their Eftates impaired in the late Wars, and having , now their Fortunes to make, became Tools of doing in finite Mifchief to the Nation. The Court kept above one hundred of them in conftant pay, who went by the Name of the Club oj Voters, and received . large Sums of Money out of the Exchequer, till they had al moft fubvcrted the Conftitution ; and then, becaufe they would not put tlie finifhing Hand" to what.they had unadviftdly begun, they were diffolved. IheKi-fs The King acquainted the Houfes at the Opening of *f Lord the Seffions, that " He valued himjelf much upon keep- Claren- ... , . rTT , , , . J J , , * \ donV mS his Word, and upon making good whatfoever he Speech. " had promified io his Subjccls." But the Chancellor, K. Chron. wlko enlarged upon the King's Speech, fpoke a diffe- I>-437- rent Language, and told the Houfe, " That there 2 " were Chap.V. if the Vvri tax s. 319 « were a Sort of Patients in the Kingdom, that deferved King « their utmoft Severity, and; none of their Lenity ; CharlesII. '* thefe were the Seditious Preachers who> could not be ^IZf^j « contented to be difpenfed with for their full Obe- W « dience to fome Laws eftablifoed, without reproach- « ing and inveighing againft thofe Laws how efta- « blsftied foever, who tell their Auditories that when « the Apoftle bid them ftand to their Liberties, he « bid them ftand to their Arms, and who by repeat- " ing the very Expreffions; and teaching the very « Doctrines they fet on Foot in the Year 1 640. fuffi- « ciently declare that they have no mind that twenty " Years foould put an End to the Miferies we have " undergone. What good Chriftians can think with- " out horror, of thefe Minifters of the Gofpel, who " by their Function foould be Meffengers of Peace, " but are in their Practice the only Trumpets of War, " and Incendiaries towards Rebellion ? And if the « Perfons and Place can aggravate their Offence, fo « no doubt it does before God and Man. Methinks " the preaching Rebellion and Treafon out of the Pul- «'¦ pit, fhould be as much worfe than advancing it in " the Market, as poifoining a Man at a Communi- " on, would be worfe. than killing him at a Ta- " vern " His , Lordfhip concludes thus : " If " you do not provide for the thorough quenching " thefe Firebrands ; King, Lords and Commons fhall " be their meanest Subjefts, and the whole Kingdom " will be kindled into a general Flame." This was a home Thruft at the Prefbyterians ; the Chancellor did not explain himfelf upon the Authors of thefe feditious -Sermons, his Defign being not to accufe particular Per fons, but to obtain a general Order which might fupprefs all Preachers that were not of the Church of England ; and the Parliament was prepared to go blindfold into all the Court Meafures ; for in this Seffions the Militia K. Chron. was given abfolutely to the King — The Solemn League?- 5 I0» - and Covenant was declared void, and illegal — The5"' A.ft for difebling Perfons. in Holy Orders to exercife tern- T^^WISTORY VoklV. King's fecond Speech to his Par liament. 320 King temporal Jurifdiction was repealed The Bifoops CharlesII. were reft0red to their Seats in Parliament The old y^^J. Ecclefiaftical J urifdiftfon, was revived, by the Repeal of the 1 7 th of Charles I. ' except the Oath ex Officio — -And it was made a Praemunire to call the King a Papift". ... The Storm was all this ,.while gathering thick'ovei1 the Pcefbyterians ; for when the Parliament met a fe cond Time, Nov- 20. the King complimented the Bifoops, who appeared now in their Places, among the Peers, and faid in his Speech, That it was a Felicity he had much defired. to fee*, as the .only Thing want ing to; reftore the old Conftitution . He then fpoketfle Language of the,. Chancellor, and told the Commons, ¦" That there were many wicked Inftruments who la- " boured Night and Day to difturb the publick Peace " That it was worthy of their Care to provide " proper Remedies, for, the Difeafes of that kind ; that " if they found new Difeafes they muft find new Re- " medies. That the Difficulties whichconGerned Re- " Iigion were too hard for, him, and therefore he re- " commended them to their Care1 and: Deliberation " who could beft provide for them." The: Defign of this Speech was to make way for breaking through the Breda. Declaration, and to furnifh the Parliament with a Pretence , for treating the Non-Conformifts with Ri gor, to which they were but too well enclined of them felves. 'Tis e.afy for a King or Prime Minifter to raife a Cry of Sedition, or to fpread Reports of dangerous Plots and Confpiracies, when they have a mind to rain down Vengeance upon their Enemies, tho' they be have with all imaginable Circumfpection and Duty. But this was the Plan the. Court went upon for the Exec ration of their Defigns. Lord Clarendon, in a Conference between the two Houfes, affirmed positively, that there was a real Con- f piracy agtir.ft the Peace of the Kingdom ; and tho' it was difconcerted in the City, it was carried on in divers Coun- Sham Plots fa thered on the Pref byterians. Yarrjrig-ton'j Plot JL. Chr. p. 602. Chap.V. of the Puritans. 321 Counties ; a Committee was therefore appointed to en- ¦ King , quire into the Truth of the Report ; but after all their Ch^Ie/11* Examinations not one fingle Perfon was put to Death, ^j^y-^/ or fo much as profecuted for it. Great Pains was taken to fatten fomething on the Prefbyterians ; Letters were fent from unknown Hands to the Chiefs of the Party in feveral Counties, intimating the Defign of a ge neral Infurreftion, in which their Friends were con cerned, and defiring them to communicate it to cer tain Perfons in their Neighbourhood, whom they name in their Letters, that they may be ready at Time and Place. A Letter of this kind was directed to the Reverend Mr. Sparry in Worcefterfoire, defiring him and Captain Yarringt on to be ready with Money ; and to acquaint Mr. Oatland and Mr. Baxter with the De fign. This, with a Packet of the fame kind, was faid to be left under a Hedge by a Scots Pedlar; and as foon as they were found they were carried tO Sir J. Packington, who immediately committed Sparry, Oat land,. and Yarringt on- to Frifon. The Militia of the County was- raifed, and the City of Worcefter put into a Pofture of Defence ; but the Sham was fo notorious, that the Earl of Brifiol, tho' a Papift, was ashamed of it; .and after fome Time the Prifoners, for want of Evidence, were releafed. The Members for Oxfiord- Jhire, Hetejordfoire, and Staffordfoire, informed the Commons,' that they had Rumours of the like Confpi- racies in their Counties. Bifhop Burnet fays, " That p. 148. " many were taken up, but none tried ; that this was " done to fatten an Odium on the Prefbyterians, and 4 • to help carry the Penal Laws thro' the Houfe ; and " t ere were Appearances of foul Dealing (fays he) "¦- among the fiercer Sort." Mr. Locke adds, that Re ports of a general Infurreftion were fpread over the whole Nation, by the very Perfons that invented them ; and tho' Lord Clarendon could not but be ac- Rapin, quaintcd with the Farce, he kept it on foot to facili-P- 289- tare the pasting the Penal Law* that were now coming Vol, IV. x3f upgn -322, The HIS.Tp-R\Y^ Vbl.IV. C,A'wti UP'0n' tne'PafP€t- The/Government could .not with* '"^gj , 'Decency attack the Non-Conformifts purely on account k*^-v^w' 0I their Religion ; the Declaration from Breda was too exprefs on that Article ^ they were therefore -, to, beac- cufed right '_ or wrong of .raiting. Disturbances .in the State,. But foppofihg the Fact • to be true, that fome. few Malecontents had been railing Disturbances, which, yet was never made appear, what Reafon can be given why it ^.fhould be charged upon the Prin ciples ,qf a.whoJ&'Body of Men,, who were ..willing to be quiet, -,1 V . "rJ ,. . . K. Chron. jt was neverthelefs oh' this" bafe and difoonourable-. ?' " Foundation,- that the firft Penal Law which paffed againft the Non-Conformifts this Seffion was founded, entitled, '; Corpora- An Ail for the well-goyerni,ng land regulating Cor- tion Aa. porations; which enacts, (C That within , the feveral e'r \l "" ^*^es' Corporations, Burroughs, . Cinque Ports*, Seff.' 2. " ana^ other Port Towns within the Kingdom of Eng- Cap. i. V land, Dbfninion of Wales, and. Town of Berwick " on Tweed, all Mayors, Aldermen, Recorders, Bai- ** Jiffs, Town-Clerks, Common-Council-Men, and " other Perfons, bearing any Office or Offices of Ma- '_' giftracy, or Places, or Trusts,. :or other, I m ploy - " ment relating; to, or /concerning the Government of " the faid refpeftive Cities, Corporations," and Bur- " roughs, and Cinque Ports, and their Members, " and other, Port- Towns,- foall take die Oaths of l\ Allegiance- and Supremacy, and this ' Oath; fol- '«¦ lowing, '¦ _' 'j; I J.B: do declare and believe, .that it'.isinot Law 's.- ful upon any Pretence ' whatfoever to take Arms k*. againft the King.; and that, I do. abhor that fraiterous '\ Pofi tion': of taking Arms by his Authority againff .<.-. "_ his Perfon, -or against. thofe thaf'are' commissioned •*• by him..". .... , . ' 'V"'" ;¦ They Crrap. V. ofthecP u R i ta nV 323 They 'fhall tflfO fubfcribe the following Decla- -. King ration, CharlesII. if. f«---. .1 . ¦ ¦ _ 1661. " I ;?.'£/ do declare, that there' lies' nqQbliga-.^^ " tiofi upon me' from the Solemn League and Cove- " nant,' and that the fame was an unlawful Oath im- " pofedbn the Subjeft againft the Laws and Liberties " Of the Kingdom." " Provided alfo, and be it enacted by the Autho- " rity aforefaid, that no Perfon fhall hereafter be " elected, or chofen into any of the Offices .or, -Places " aforefeid, that fhall not have within one Year next " before fuch Election of Choice taken the Sacrament " of the Lord's Supper, according to the Rights " of the Church of England ; and *hat every Per- " fon fo elefted foall take the; aforefakl Oaths, and " fubfcribe the faid Declaration at the '&me Time " when the Oath for, the ~due; Execution of thejaid " Places and Offices fhall be fefpeftively admini- " fter'd." , ^X. Thus all " Nori-Conformifts were turned tout of allRmarks. the Branches of Magistracy atofice^ and' render'd inca pable of ferying their Country in them^aneft Offices, of a Common-CouncihMutT, or a Baj&j^fs Or Bailiff of a Corporation. The ~6^-.ji^b^d in this Ait robb'd them of their Right as Jjj^bj'M-s ; Mr. Eachard icon- feffes that it feems at once IfflWive up the whole Confti tution ; and no wonder (fays he) if many of the Cler gy as well as Laity on the Account of this Aft, efpou- fed- a Doctrine which if rigidly taken, was hard to be reconciled to the great Deliverance afterwards. Mr. Rapin adds, That to fey that it is not Lawjulp- 2S7, oh any Pretence whatjoever to refift the King,, is pro-310- perly fpeaking to deliver up the Liberties of the Na tion into his Hands. The High Churchmen had then ex traordinary Ideas of the Royal Authority, but even this Y 2 Par- 3 H TheU I ST OR Y. YoHm #»& Parliament afterwards did not think fit to admit the 1 66CSl^ dangerous Confequeaces of their own Maxims . , , , ^-y-^, Commiffioners 'were appointed, and employed all this and the next Year to vifit the feveral Corporations in England, and to turn oUt of Office fuch as werene- ver fo little fufpected; who executed their Commif fions with fuch Rigor, that the Corporations had not one Member left who was^nbt entirely devoted to$he King and the Church. : ¦- - i> ' t:, , iL-haiYdtai . '-'- 'Jib It: 2gAigt co ti3yvic{' ,iuc'0 kq-: ;;.o. do abi2 ?r(j -,1 '"'^ViswA tc1 'f.'f.v. - :':. "ioo8 iul'l "'BacH liVJ-^j; lijfl'j^ •^¦jiO' -h -¦•¦'.•¦iCL ,»(,., .. \.' VO",' t,-a '.O.f'cJ ... O > ¦«V-."?,1 V : ,. -' '.' " ' \ / '.ry.y.'. ¦J.^jViiiV.l ; ; ,;i ¦ -..'¦ --: \-L) tcV'.v d A^>\, to -u.".; Li , v^ u^W:,^ V; I -1- C H a p;. Chap. VI. of the Puritans. 325 ¦."'i Ci j. :¦.¦¦¦ .' ;-.. Htc : - - ,'- '-' - , H C H AP., VI. I .^c Frojn, the Conference at the. Savoy, io] the Aft ¦ ¦• .^ awb of Uniformity. -,,", V •anc -*' -v ,, 'vtt -* ,- According to his Majefty's Declaration of ^"^charieai 25. 1660. concerning Ecclefiaftical Affairs, ,661°." twelve Bifoops and nine Afliftants. were -appointed on '>-rv^/ the Part of the Epifcopal Church of England, and as Conference many Minifters on the Side of the Prefbyterians, toatthe^- affemble at the Bifoop of London's Lodgings at the Sa-v°J- voy, " to review the Book of Common-Prayer, com- "paring tit with, the moft ancient and pureft Litur- " gies ; and to take into their, ferious and grave Com " fiderations the Teveiral Directions and Rules, Forms " of Prayer, and Things in the faid BodS: of Common- " Prayer contained, «and Ho ad'vife and -confult upbh the " feme, and the feveral Objections and Exceptions which " fhall how be raifed againft -the fame ; and if Occa- " fionbe^:to makeTuch;reafonable''anditec,eflSfy Al- " teratioris, ^ Corrections ;and A|m^dm£B&j:s foall be " agreed upoitto be needful and expedient for giving " Satisfaftion to tender Confciences, and the Reftoring " and Continuanctf of Peace and Unity in the Churches " under his Majefty's 66v^r$meht and Direction." They were to continue four, Months frOm the 25th of March 1661. and then pFe^rjt the Refult of their Con ferences to his Majefty undet their feveral Hands. The Names oj the Epijcopal Divines on the Side oj the Eftablifoment at the Savoy Conference were, The Moft Rev. Dr. Accepted Frewen, Abp. of York, The Rt. Rev. Dr. Gilbert Sheldon, Bp. of London, ¦« . - Dr. John Cofins, Bifoop of Durham, „ Dr. John Warner, Bifhop of Rochefter, — im-!,*^. ..m,. Dr. Henry King, Bifhop of Chichejfer, Y 3 The v^yv 3.2.6 . ;.^HJ§fQ#^ .1 V(>U1% King The Rt. Rev. Dr. Humphrey, Henchman, $p* of Sarum, CharlesII. . Dr. George Morley, Bp. of Worcefter, — Dr-!- Robert Saymkr Jon, Bp. of_Lincoln, — Dr. Benjamin Laney, Bp.of PeierJwrough, -^ Dr. Bryan Walton-, Bifoop-.of Chefter, ~ — Dr. Richard Sterne, Bifhop, of Car lijle, Dr. Jo£» Garden, Bifoop of Exeter. •-., Their Affift^nljs, ,-, . -. , -r -. ^fo ' Earle, D,. , A ., Dean of Piter , Caning, D . -D^ , $ _' P/ejlm. . it v, Jofpn Pearjbn, D.JX - P^/,,Hr>7/?2,",p.iD(.|-t.!^. ¦fb.pmas-PiiieKte, J).:D»-uj . JohnJH.qcket.,fD,D. - , An tgnySp arrow,. -, D, D»t - 3fy^ xBqfwi{k^ D. D.~ .'. fferber't Thor_.nd.ike, B. D T(h;e Narries of the Prefoyter-jaijiT^rines, or., thofe who ,w;?re for AI|erations-fo,the.Hi^i:^chy of the Churchat the, 5«^£y Conference were,. ... ' The Rt. Rev. Edward Reynolds, Bilhop of Norwich, The'ReV. jfyitonyTuckney, D.D. M. St. John's Col.Qam. D. D. Reg..Profi Qjeon,r -William Spurftow, D.D. Vicar^ Hackney, r, Johnfifallis,. D_, p. .Sav. .Prof. Qtorn. - ' — Thomas Manton, D. D. Maft.of Cov. Garden, -.Edmund,. Calamy, B- D. of AUermanbury, --Mr. Rfchfiard B,axtfr, Cl.l.ate ctf'Kjderminftw, — Mr. Arthur J ackfon, Clerk, of Su EaMh's, -M/, 5ft«-, P. D, The Chap. VI. of the Puritans. • 327 "v The Rev. John Light foot,-- D.D. King JehnCoftins, D. D. CharlesII. ¦ Benj. Woodbridge, D.D, Mr. John- Rawlinjon, Clerk, Mr. With Drake, Clerk. 1 66 j. •When-the Commiffioners were affembled the firft 'Opening of Timef April 15. /ther. Archbifoop of York ftood up.^ Co"fe' and; faid, He knew but little of the .Bufinefs they were!!""*' , met about, and therefore referr'd it to Dr. Sheldon ^ iff^' Bifoop of London, who. gave .it as his:Opinion, th.itpart' II. the Presbyterians -having;, defired this Conference, they p. 305. [the Bifoops] fhould neither fay nor. do any Thing1 -till- the others had brought in all their - Exceptions SMj Complaints -againft the 'Liturgy in writing, with their additional; Forms and Amendments? .The Prefbyteri ans humbly moyq^-tbr a Conference- according to the Words of the Commiffion; -but* the BlffiQp- of London infifting peremptorily upon his- own ^Method, "the others contented . to- bring in. - their Exceptions^ at one Time, and their Additions at another. For this Pur- Ibid, pofe Bifoop Reynddp, Dr. Wallis, and the reft' of rhepart n- Prefbyterian Party* "tmet from Day to 'Day to collect p' 3Q^« their Exceptions ;' but "the Additions, or drawing up" a new Form, uwa-s intrufted -with Mn 'Baxter alonfe.p. i($q, " Biftiop~£^/^-»' few well enough {fays' Burn'eTJwhat '&> the Effect would be of obliging them" to make IC .all their. Demands at ence, that the Number would li raife- JJr' mighty Outcry againft them 'as a" People "*V that- could .never ibi^fatisfiedv" On the other Hand, -tfie Prefbyterians •. were divided' Sri their Senti ments ; fome were : for infifting only oh a few ifnpor- (fant Things, reckoning" that if they were gained, and an Union followed*- it-might be eafier to obtain other Things afterwards. But the- Majority, by the Influ ence of Mr. Baxter, c-were for extending their Defires to^the utmoftvand thought themfelves bound by the Words of the Commiifioli to offer every Thing they thought might conduce to the Peace of the Church* Y 4 with- ^ The HISTORY VoI.IV. King without confidering what an Afpe<^ ' thb'-woulcbp j QhzIX^kWP witK; dietWojild, or what -Influence their, mlme^l m J^L^ms ^emandsCtBjSlJ ^e' uPon the Minds -of 'thofe ^r.. P^^ we^4pw ^k^^f-iors in . , Nu mbers- and:! < 'Sircrfetf^^^fi^j^tirjsjj^-pupjn mind that the ¦ '"\Pbr~' " King$''VofmiJ]$n 'fSg&j jtheR^ono Power to . after, the-' io .¦^sQp^MmmM^Mu^^ to infift upT Arct ' ,w- w bifoop !^^,-pfflL^9^- much as to claim- the; m. * C^ceffipns o^ih^^Eei^ late Declaration. they*;™ 1,^.va^er^rijie^M^4vWri4i?y--now few that all nrffofovi; were to exu|fty^id$Jew Amendments in the Waft w •^^WwB^Fftw^-'^^- This was c°n : the Church for a whole Century . Befides, it was inconfiftenrwith the Commiffion and the Bifrfbpa Declaration of varying no further from the old Standard than fhould appear to be' neceffary, and therefore the Rejormed- Lituryy, as it was called, Was rejected at once ' without being examined. When the Prefbyterians brought in their Excepr^ra^^- tions to theLitUfgy, they prefented at the fame -Time/'??* "f^ A Pe t 1 t row * ok Pe ac '£, befeechfng the Bifhops xof0™""*1' yieldjto their Amendments ; to free them from the Sub- fcriptions and Oaths in his Majefty's late Declaration, and not to infift upon the ¦Re-Ordination of thofe who had beeri ordained without a Diocefan Bifoop, nor up on the" Surplice', the Crdjs in Baptijm, and other in different Ceremonies'; for this Purpofe they make ufe of various Motives and Argufrfentsy fufficient, tin my Judgment, to influence all that had any Concern for the Honour of God, and the Salvation of Souls, The Bifhops gave a particular Anfwer to thefe Exceptions -, to which the "Prefbyterians made fuch a Reply, as in the Opinion, of their Adverfaries, fhewed them to be Men of Learning, and well verfed in the Practice of the 330 The} HI S TORY VoI.IV; C,K'"&U the^antient Church.; -however, *the" Bifoops would in-. ^ dulgt nothing to their Prejudices; 1 upon "which they v^tyS. fent them a large- expoftulatory Letter, wherein, after ' having repeated their" Objections, they lay the Wounds of the Church at their Door. - -. fatw^ro The Titni: of Treaty being^almoft fpun out in a Pa- pofed. Per Controverfy, .. about -ten Days before the Commif- Baxter'j fi°n expired, a Difputarion- was agreed on, fo argue the Life, Neceffity of Alterations in the prefent Ljtur.gy» Three Part II. 0f eacfr party were1 chofe to- manage the Argument/, P- 337- Dr. Pear Jon, Gunning, and Sparrow, on ©ne^Side; and Dr. Bates, Ja'comb, and Mr. Baxter,^ on.the other. The reft were at liberty to withdraw if they pleated. Mr. "Baxter was Opponent, and -began -to .prove the Sinfulnefs of Impofitjons ; ibut- through want of Order, frequent Interruptions, and perfonal Refleftiom^ the: Dispute turned to no Account ; a number of young Divines interrupting' the Prefoyterian Minifters and K. Chr. laughing them to fcorn. * At length -Bifoop Cqfixsrpro- P- 5°4- duced a Paper, containing an Expedient to; foorten the Debate, which was, to put the Minifters on di- ftinguifoing between thoje Things which they chargedxas Sinful, and tbofie:which were only Inexpedient. The three Difpu'tants on the Minifters fide were defired to -draw up an Anfwer to this Paper, which they did, and charged the Rubrkk and- Injunctions of the Church with eight Things" flatly fmfiul, and 'Contrary to the Word of God. ¦- . --•- > Baxter'* J; That no Minifter be admitted to . baptize with- lffe' out ufing the Sign of the- Crofis-. -;i Jfl - ; . - . ? .,_.,, par4? ' 2. That no Minifter be admitted to officiate- with-, out wearing a Surplice. ""' ' 3.- That none be admitted to the Lord's Supper. without he receive it kneeling. , 4. That Minifters be obliged to pronounce all bap tized Perfons regenerated by thh Holy-Ghqft, whether they be the Children of Chriftians or not- 5.- That Minifters be obliged to deliver the Sacra ment of the Body and Blpodof Chrift -to the Unfit both in Chap. VI. of fh;e P v m tans. 331 jn Health and Sicknejs,. and that, by perfonal Appli- KM>g cation, .putting it into their Flands, even thofe mhocla^f11' "are forced to receive it againft their Wills, , through yj!^, Conficioufnefs of -their Impenitency. .". ; *^r» k > 6. That Minifters are obliged to abfolve the Unfit, and that iniabfolute Expreifions. 7. That Minifters aje forced "to give Thanks for all whom they bury, as, Brethren whom. God has taken to himfelj. _ _ , ,,,, , ,-, ,-v ¦8. That none may be Preachers who do not fub- fcribe^- ,.;that< there is- nothing in the. Common-Prayer Book, Bcok of Ordination, and the Thirty Nine Arti- pfes. contrary to the Word of God., - After a great deal of loofe Difcourfe it was agreed toTheSubjett "debate the third Article, oj denying the Communion to°ftheDif~ fiuch -as could qo{ kneel. The Minifters proved- their^"^' Affertion th-usi that it was denying, the- Sacrament to fuch whom the Holy Ghoft commanded us to receive ; Rom. xkr.;i, gj 3, Him> that is weak in the Faii'k re ceive ye, but, not to 'doubt Jul Deputations : One- believes he may eat all Things ; another, that is weak,,, eateth Herbs,: Let not him that eateth, dejpij'e' him that cad et h nop. ; .atfftde-t'wt him that eateth. not, judge him that eytetjg, jor God has received him.- The Epifcopal Di vines would not underftand this of: the Communion, They alfo diftinguifoed between Things lawful in them felves, and Things both lawful in themfelves and re? Quired by lawjul Authority. In the former Cafe they admjt a Liberty, but the latter being injoined by Au thority become neceflary.', The Minifters replied, that Things about which there is to be a Forbearance ought not to be enjoined by Authority, and made neceffary ; and for Governors to reject Men by this Rule is to de- feat foe Apoftle's Reafoning, and fo contrary to the Law of God. j. But when Dr. Gunning had read certain K. Chron. Citations and Authorities for the other Side of the Qne- P- 5°6- ftion, Bifoop Cofins the Moderator called out to the reft pf the Bifoops and Doctors,, and put the Queftion, All you that fhink pr. Gunning; has proved thaP Romans xiv. fipeakctb 332 ^HISTORY «5 Vbl.lV. King Jpeaketh not of receiving the Sacramen$>J$$)A.f. "¦ 'Up- Ch^j-esU • on which there was a general' Cry -am««% the Heater^ '"'"l' ,,Ay, Ay; thevEpifcbpal Divines having great "Nrfrtl^- bers of their Party in the Hail';- whereas1 the- Minifters had not". above, two or three Gentlemen and Schdlars who had the Courage to appear with them. Nevef* thelefs they maintained their Point,- and- (as Bifoop But- net obferves) infifted upon it/- that a Ladb iitthich ex cludes all from the Sacrament who dare^otkneU, was .unlawful, as it was a Limitation in Point of Commu nion put upon. the Laws of Chrifi,- which ^ught' to be the only Condition of thoje that hatie a , Right to ^t.^^ At length the Epifcopal Divines became OppdnteS '¦:-.-:•' ;-.,-. upon the fame Queftion, and argued thus fThW^Coin- -\;.i -,',\\ mand which enjoins only an' A3 in it ftlfi ¦ lawful tfwtit •*v-* finful. Which Mr. Baxter denied. ^They then adSedi That Command which enjoins only an Acl 'in it felf law ful, and no. other Acl or Girciimftance unlawful, •ii-nbl finful. This alfo Mr. Baxter denied. They thefi'ad^ vanced further, That Command which enjoiks -onlf di Acl in it felf lawful, and no other Acl- whereby ajf''uh- juft Penalty is enjoined, or any Circwmftdniei, wVenli directly or per Accidens any Sin is conjequeiti whTePth'e Commander ought to provide againft', hath in H°aH Things requifite to the Lawfulnefis of a Commandfand particularly, cannot be charged with ¦ enjoining an Acl per Accidens ^unlawful, nor of commanding an Acl un der an unjufi Penalty. This alfo was denied, becaufB tho' it does not command that which is finful, it -may restrain from that which is lawful, and it may be ap^ K. Chr. plied to undue Subjects. Other Reafons were glvertfj' p. 505. but. thus the Difpute broke off with Noife and Cbhft*3 fion, and high Reflections upon MrdBaxler'i daf& and cloudy Imagination, and his perplexed, fc'hoM11 ftick, metaphyiical Manner of diftinguifhing, which tended rather to confound than to clear up that1 which was doubtful ; and Bifoop Saunderjon being theff'iS the Chair pronounced that Dr. Gunning had the bette? of the Argument, -. / Bifoop Chap. VI. tf tfieVv ri tans, 333 . 'Bifoop M«5*/e>feid, that Mm Baxter's denying that- K'ng plain Propofition was dcftruftive of all Authority HU- 9"a''esI^ man and Divine ; that it ftruck the Church out of all ^J^j its Claims for making Canons, and for fetding Order Remarks, and Difcipline,; nay, that it took away all legiflative Power from the King and Parliament, and even from God himfelf; -for no Aft can be fo good in it felf but may lead to a Sin by Accident ; and if to command' fuch an Aft be a- Sin, then, every Command muft be aSin» • k. Bifhop Burnet adds, " that Baxter and Gunning- " fpent feveral \Days in logical Arguing, to- the Diver- f Jjoftnof the Tbwn» who look'd upon them as a '?.- Couple, of Fencers engaged in- a Difpute that could ^ «,np,t be brought, to any End. . The Bifhops infifted \h_upon the Laws being, jtittm- jorce ; to which they <-y?.would ,#dmit,of no Exception, unlefis it. was proved l%\xtbat ike Matter oj them was fin Jul. They charged »f the, Prefbyterians with making a Schifm for that << which they could not prove to be finful. .They '*, faid there was no Reafon to gratify fuch Men, that '*-one Demand granted would .draw on many more; " ithat all Authority in Church and State was- struck at *fv by the Pofition they had infifted on, namely,. That <-%d,t was not lawjul to impofe Things indifferent,' fince «?, thefe feemed to-be the only Matters in which, Au- ¦ 'ithority, could interfere." Thus ended the Difpu- tation. -, /. ] ¦;, ',--.'¦¦ From Arguments the Minifters defcencfai> to En- The Pref- treaties, and prayed the Bifhops to have Companion bytenans onfcrupulous Minds, and not defpife their weaker Bre- ¦ v"t"eefies thren. If the tNonconformifts fhould be turned outof t|i£ Church,- they put them in mind, that there would not foe Clergymen enough to fill the vacant Pulpits ; they urged their peaceable Behaviour, in the late Times ; what they had fuffered for the Royal Caufe, and the great Share they had in reftoring the King ; they pleaded his Majefty's late; Declaration, and the Defign of the prefent Conference. To all which the Bifoops- , x-r, ¦ replied, 334 *be> H IS TORY Vol.IV. King replied, That they vtere, only commifliOried to make ^^F^'fafaAlteratiotis in the Litttrgy'as fhould be neceffary, \]^d, and fitch as fhould- be agreed upon. ' The Minifters re- ^^plied, That the Word Neceffary muft refer to the fatif- fying tender Confciences ; but the" Bifoops infilled, that they few no Alterations neceffary, and' therefore' were not obliged to make any till they could prove them To. The Minifters prayed them to Confider the ill Confequence that might follow upon a Separation. But all was to no purpofe, their Lordfoips were in the Saddle, and if we may believe Mr. Baxter, would not abate the fmalleft Ceremony, nor correct the grbf- feft Error for the Peace of the Church. Thus the King's Commiffion expired July 25. and the Confe rences ended without any Profpeft - of Accofff rhoda- tion.>> It was agreed at the Conclufion, that each Party might reprefent to his Majefty, that they were all agreed upon the Ends of the Conference, ' which was the [Church's Wei jar e, Unity and Peace, but ftill dif-' agreed as to the: Means of procuring it.J The Bifoops" ' thought they had no- Occafion to reprefent their Cafe in writing ; but the Prefbyterian Cornmiffioners met by themfelves, and drew up an Account of their' Proceedings, with a Petition for thit Relief which Baxter'* they could-. not obtain from the Bifoops. They pre- Lifi> fented it to the King by Bifoop Reynolds, Doctor' Part6I61, Bates, Doctor Manton, and Mr. Baxter ; but recei-' ved.no Anfwer. Behaviour Before we leave this famous Conference at the Savoy1 eftheCm it will not be amifs to remark the Behaviour of the' mijfioners. Commiffioners on both Sides, fome of whom feldom Baxter'* qj. never appeared, as Dr. King Bifhop of Chicheftef, Part II T)*-Htylin, Barwick and Earle; Sheldon Bifoop of p. 307. London came bat feldom, tho' he, with Henchman and K. Chron. Morley T had the chief Management of Affairs ; Others p. 507. were prefent, but did not much concern themfelves in - the Debate, as Dr.- Frewen Archbifhop of York ; Lucy of St. David's ; Warner of Rocheftcr -, Saunderfon of 1 Lin- Chap.VI. of the P urita Kf's. 335 Lincoln; Laveyof Peterborough ; Walton of Chefter-; King Sterne. of Carlijle y -Dr. H ticket and Dr. Sparrow CharlesII. On the Side of the Prefbyterians DrvHorton* never ap- ^J-^*. peared, nor , Dr. Drake, becaufe of a Mijnomerin the Cor»miffion; DuLigbtfoot, Tuckney, and Mr. Wood- bridge, were prefent but once or twice. Among , the Bifhops'; .Dr. Morley was the chief DeSor Speaker- ; his Manner was vehement, aftd he was againft Moriey« all Abatements. He frequently interrupted Mr. Bax-^ims ter, ; and when Dr. Bates faid, Pray, my Lord, give part'n. him leave to fpeak, he could not obtain, it. .p. 363, Bifhop Cofins was. there conftantiy, 'and tho' he was &c- enclined to moderate Meafures, faid fome very fevere Bp.Cofira. Things. When the Minifters prayed the Bifoops to have fome Companion on their Brethren, and not caft fuch great Numbers unnecejfarily out of the Miniftry, he replied, Wh&i do Jeu threaten us with Numbers ? For my part, j think the King Would do well- lo make you name them aU.~ Again, when the Minifters com plained, that after fo many Years Calamity the Bifoops would not yield to that which their Predeceffors offered before the War, Bifoop Cofins replied, Do you threaten us., then with- a new War? 'Tis Time jor the King to look to you. Bifoop Gauden often took part with the Prefbyterian Bp. Gau- Diyines, and was the only Moderator among [the- Bi- den. fhops, except Bifoop Reynolds, who fpoke much the firft Day for A batements ' and Moderation ; but after wards fitting among the Bifoops he only fpoke now and -then a qualifying Word, but was heartily grieved for the fruitlefs- Iffue of the Conference. Of the Difputants, 'm faid, Dr. Pear Jon, after-O/ 'tht wards Bifoop of Chefter, difputed accurately, foberly, ddifpu- and calmly. The Prefbyterian Minifters had a great'**'*' Regard for him, .and believed, that if he had been an Umpire in the Controverfy his Concessions would have gqne a great Way. Dr. Gunning was the moft forward Speaker, and ftuck at nothing. Bifhop Burnet fays, That all the Arts 336 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King Arts of Sophistry were ufed by him in as confident a Cll^iesI1 "Manner as if they had been found Reafoning; that he yf^^j was uriweariedly active to very little Purpofe, and be ing very fond Of the Popifh Rituals and Ceremonies, he was much fet upon reconciling the Church of Eng land to Rome. On the Side of the Prefbyterians, Dr. Bates and Manton behaved with great Modefty ; the moft active Difputant was Mr. Baxter, who had a very metaphy sical Head and fertile Invention, and was one of the moft ready Men: of his Time for an Argument, but too tenacious of his own Opinions. Next to him was Mr. Calamy, who had a great Intereft among the Prefbyterian Minifters in City and Country, and for his Age and Gravity was refpefted as their Father. Of the Among the Auditors Mr. Baxter obferves there was Auditors. wjtj1 1^& gjfhops a Croud of young Divines who beha- p ' ' ved indecently ; but mentions only two or three Scho lars and Laymen, who, as Auditors, came in with the Prefbyterians, as Mr. Miles, Mr. Tillotjon, &c. Account of This y[r. Tillotjon was afterwards the moft Reverend itf * an<^ Learned Archbifoop of Canterbury, one of the Life of m°ft celebrated Divines and Preachers of the Age. Tillotfon. We fhall have frequent Occafion to mention him here after, and therefore I foall give a fhort Account of him in this Place : He was born in Yorkfoire 1630. and re ceived his firft Education among the Puritans; and tho' he had larger Notions, he ftill ftuck to the Strict- nefs of Life to which he was bred, and retained a juft Value, and a due Tendernefs for Men of that Perfua fion. He was admitted Student of Clare Hall in Cam bridge, under the Tuition of Mr. David Clarkjm'm the Year 1647. He was Bachelor of Arts 1650. and within the Compafs of a Year was elefted Fellow. He had then a Sweetnefs of Temper which he retained as long as he lived ; and in thofe younger Years was re^ fpefted as a Perfon of very great Parts and Prudence.1* Ath. Ox. In the Year 1661. he continued a Non-Conformift, , p. 968. ai}g nas -x Sermon in the Morning Exercifes on Matt. vii. Chap.VI. of the Puritans; 337 vii. 12.' He appeared with the Prefoyterians at the King Savoy Difputation ; and tho' lie conformed to the Aft CharlesII, of Uniformity in 1662. he was always inclined to ^-2^, the Puritans; never fond of the Ceremonies of the^^ J Church, but would difpenfe fometimes with-' fuch as could not confeientioufly fubmit to them. He owned the Diffenters had fome plausible Objections againft the Common-Prayer ; and in the Opinion of fome, per- fuaded Men rather to bear with the Church, than be * zealous for it. In the Year 1663. he was preferr'd to the Rectory of Keddington in Suffolk, vacant by the Non-Subfeription of Mr: 'Samuel 'Fair dough. Next Year he was chofen Preacher to Lincoln 's-Inn, and Le cturer of St. Lawrence's Church in London, 'where his excellent Sermons, delivered in a moft graceful Man ner, drew the Attention of great Numbers of the Qua lity, and of moft of the Divines and Gentlemen in Town. In 1669. he was made Canon of Chrifi Church in Canterbury ; and in 1672. Dean of that Church, and Residentiary ; but rofe no higher till the Revolu tion of King William and Queen Mary, when he was firft1 made Clerk of the Clofet, and -at length Arch bifhop of Canterbury, in the Room of Dr. Saner -oft a Non- Juror. He was a Divine of low and moderate Principles to the laft, and always for promoting a Toleration or 'Comprehension of the Diffenters with in the Church. Upon the Whole, he was a fe cond Cranmer, and one of the moft valuable Pre lates that this, 'br, it may be, any other Church has produced. Various Cenfures were paffed upon the Savoy Con- Cenfures of ference without Doors; the- Independants weredifguft-'^^0^' ed, becaufe none of them were confulted, tho' it does not appear what Concern they could have in it, their Views being only to a Toleration, not a Comprehenfion. Some blamed their Brethren for yielding too much, and others thought they might have yielded more ; but when they few the fruitlefs End of the Treaty, and the Pa pers that were publifhed, moft of them were fetif- Vol.IV. Z tied. „ rence. 3j8 T^HiSTORY Vol.IV. King fied. — Bifoop Burnet fays, the Conference did ra- Char'esII-ther hurt than good, it heighten'd the Sharpnefs that slf-^s was then on People's Minds to fuch a Degree, that it p. 181. needed no Addition to raife it higher - — • Mr. Robin- Anfwer tofion fays, " It was notorious that the Bufinefs of the Bennet of « Epifcopal Party was not to confult the Intereft of Liturgies, cc Religion, but to covsr a political Defign, which p* 3 2 '** was too bad to appear at firft ; nor did they mean " to heal the Church's Wounds, fo much as to re- " venge their own. When they knew what the " Prefbyterians ferupled, they faid, now they knew " their Minds they would have Matters fo fixed that " not one of that fort fhould be able to keep his Li- " ving. They did not defire, but rather fear their " Compliance." Nay, fo unacceptable was the Pub lifhing the Papers relating to the Conference, that Bi fhop Saunderfion and fome others cautioned their Cler gy againft reading them. From this Time the Pref byterians were out of the Queftion, and the Settlement of the Church referr'd entirely to the Convocation and Parliament. / A Convo- It had been debated in Council^whether there fhould cation, ke a Convocation while the Conference at the Savoy continued ; but at the Interceffion of Dr. Heylin and others, the Court was prevailed with to come into it ; and fuch Care was taken in the Choice of Members (as Bifoop Burnet obferves) that every Thing went among them as was directed by Bifhop Sheldon and Morley. If a Convocation had been called with the Convention Parliament the Majority would have been againft the Hierarchy ; but 'tis not to be wonder'd they were otherwife now, when fome Hundreds of the Prefbyterian Clergy, who were in Poffeffion of feque- - fter'd Livings, were turned out ; and the Neceffity of Ordination by a Bifhop being urged upon thofe who had been ordained by Prefbyters only, great Numbers were denied their Votes in Elections. Nevertheless the Prefbyterian Intereft carried it in London for Mr Baxter and Calamy by three Voices ; but the Bifhop o! Chap. VI. of the Puri tan s. 3 ?c of London having a Power of choofing two out of four, K>"\ or four out. of fix within a certain Circuit, left them Chav; ' both out ; fo that the City of London had no Clerks in _l0~ * the Convoeation. The Author of the Conjormifts Pica lays, " That to frame a Convocation to their Mindp- 3S- " great Care and Pains were ufed to keep out, and to *' get Men in, by Very undue Proceedings ; and that " Protestations were made againft all Incumbents not " ordained by Bifhops." r. The Savoy Conference having broke up without They ,-?»- Succefs, the King fent a Letter to the Convocation,0''^^ ta Nov. 20. commanding them to review the Book tfjfc'i™ur_ Common-Prayer, and make Juch Additions and Amend- ^m ments as they thought neceffary. Letters to the fame Purpofe were fent to the Archbifhop of York, to be communicated to the Clergy of his Province, who for the greater Expedition fent Proxies with procuratorial Letters to thofe of Canterbury, and obliged themfelves to abide by their Votes under Forfeiture of their Goods and Chattels. " It is inconceivable, fays Dr. Nichols, what Diffi- Kennet; " culties the Bifoops had to contend with, about ma-p" 574'. " king thefe Alterations ; they were not only to con- " quer their own former Refentments, and the unrea- " fonable Demands of the Prefbyterians, but they had " the Court to deal with, who pufhed them on to all " Acts of Severity." Whereas on the contrary, the Tide was ftrong on their Side, the Bifhops pufhed on the Court, who were willing to give them the Reins, that when the Breach was made as wide as poffible a Door might be opened for the Toleration of Papifts. The Review of the Common-Prayer Book took up the Convocation about a Month ; for on the 20th of De cember it was figned, and approved by all the Members of each Houfe. The Alterations were thefe, 1. The Rubrick for .Singing oj Lejfians, &c. was-***"™''- omitted, the diftinft reading of them being thought™^* more proper. K. Chron; Z 2 a. Seve-p. 585. 340 .The HISTORY Vol. IV. r^^r, v 2 . Several Collefts for Sundaysand Holy Days com- [6g f plained of, were omitted, and others fubftituted in their w^"Y"s»* Room. 3. Communicants at the Lord's- Supper were enjoin ed to fignify their Names to the Curate fome Time- the Day before. 4. The Preface to the Ten Commandments was reftored. ;-i > 5. The Exhortations to the holy Communion were amended. 6. The general Confeffion in the Communion Office Was appointed to be read by one of the Minifters. 7. In the Office for Chriftmas Day the Words this Day were changed for as at this Time. 8. In the Prayer of Confecration the Prieft is di rected to break the Bread. 9. The Rubrick for explaining the Reafon of Kneel ing at the Sacrament was reftored. 10. Private Baptifm is not to be adminifter'd but by a lawful Minifter. n. The Anfwer to the Queftion in the Catechifm, Why then are Children baptized ? is thus amended, Be caufie they promije them both by their Sureties ; which Promije, when they come to Age, Themjelves are bound ¦to perform. 12. In the laft Rubrick before the Catechifm thefe Words are expunged, And that no Man foall think that any Detriment foall come to Children by deferring of their Confirmation, &c. 13. It is appointed that the Curate of every Parifh foall either bring or fend in writing, with his Hand fubfcribed thereunto, the Names of all fuch Perfons within his Parifo, as he fhall think fit to be prefented to the Bifoop to be confirmed. 14. The Rubrick after Confirmation was thus foft- ned ; None foall be admitted to the Communion till fitch Time as he be confirmed ; or be ready and defirous to be confirmed. 15. In isor^ Chap. VI. of the Fur it a n si 341 15. -IrKthe Form of Matrimony; inftead of, till _ King Death us depart, it is, till. Death us Jo part. gl-*11" ' 16". In the Rubricks after the Form of Matrimony, -it is thus alter'd. After -yuohich^ if there be no Sermon '.declaring the Duties ofi Man and Wife, the Minifter foall read as jolloweth~ And inftead of the fecond Ri>- brick, it is advifed to be convenient, that the new Mar ried; Perfons fhould '-.receive the Communion at the Time of Marriage* or at- the .firft Opportunity after wards. " •¦ ¦,' , 17... Jn the Order for Vifitation of the Sick it is thus amended'; Here thefick Perjon foall , be- moved to make fpecial Confeffion of his Sins, if he feel his Conjcience troubled with any weighty -Matter.; after which the Prieft, Jhalhabjalve. him, ij he humbly and heartily defire :it,. dajter this- Jor t ^— > . -:.; " ' - 18;' 'In the Communion for the Sick the Minifter:!? not enjoined to administer the Sacrament to every fick Perfon that fhall defire it, but only as he foall judge expedients ' j 19., In the Order, for the Burial. of the Dead it is thus altered : The Priefts. and Clerks, meeting the Corps at the Entrance of the Church- Yard, and going before it either irito the Church, or towards, the Grave, fhall fay or fing, ; - - In the.. Office it felf, thefe Word$, In Jure, and certain Hop£ oj Refiurrecl.ion to eternal Life, are thus alter'd, In fure ind certain Hope of the Re surrection to eternal Life; and to leffenthe Objection -of God' slaking to himfelf 'the Soul of .this our dear B.ror ther departed, &c. the following Rubrick is added : Here is to be noted, that the Office enjuing is not to be ujedjor any that die unbaptized, or excommunicate, or who have laid violent Hands upon themfelves. 20. In the Churching of Women the new Rubrick directs, That the Woman, at the ufual Time after her Delivery, fhall come into the Church decently appa relled, and there fhall kneel down in fome convenient Place, as has been accuftomed, or as the Ordinary foall ciirecl, and the cxvith or cxxviith Pfalm fhall be read, Z 3 Dr, 34* ^HISTQUY . VoUV. King Dr. f-enifion, afterwairdsIAffcliibHhojp of JCmtevkiry, CharJ,estI-fays, " They made about fix hundred fmall Alterations " ,"'-or Additions ; but then adds, If there was Reafort for ui thefe Changes, there was equal, if not greater. Kea- " fon for fome 'further Improvements. If they had << forefeen what is fince coterie to pafs, I charitably be- tnMarg. ^tq}eve they wotild not have done all they did,. and '* juft fo'rftuch and nos more* -rand yet I ailb believe, ¦*' if they had offered to move much further, \A Stone " would have been laid under their Wheel, by a. fiecret " ' 'but powerful Hand ; for theiMyftery. of Popery: did "even then WOrk." Bifhop Burnet confeffes, That no Alterations were made in'' favour of the Prefoyteri- aris, for it was refolved to gratify them in nothing. Other 'ed in Hand, for having got a Parliament to their Mind, the^codand- JEarl of Middleton, a moft vicious Debauchee, open'd J1™**' 344 Me HISTORY Vol.1 V. King it, with prefenting a Letter of his Majefty to the Ch^fL Houfe; after which they paffed an Act, declaring*, all vJ->/-0 Leagues not made with the King's Authority illegal :. Burnet, This ftruck at the Root" of the Covenant made with p. 116. England in 164.3. They pafs'd another Aft refcind- ing all Acts made fince the late Troubles, and another impowering the King to fettle the Government of the Church as he foould pleaje. It was a mad, roaring Time ( fays the Bifhop ) and no Wonder it was fo, when the Men of Affairs were almoft perpetually drunk. The King upon this directed that the Church, fhould be governed by Synods, Prefbyters, and Kirk Seffions, till he foould appoint another Government, which he did by a Letter to his Council of Scotland, bearing Date Aug. 14. 1661. in which he recites the Inconveniencies which had attended the Prefbyterian Government for the laft twenty three Years, and its Incanfiftency with Monarchy. — — " Therefore (fays " he) from our Refpeft to the Glory of God," the *' Good and Intereft of the Proteftant Religion, and " the better Harmony with the Government of the " Church of England, We declare our firm Rejolution " to interpoje our Royal Authority jor reftoring the " Church of Scotland to its right Government by Bi- " Jhops, as it was be jor e the late Troubles • ¦ And " our Will and Pleafure is, that you take effectual " Care to reftore ' the Rents belonging to the feveral " Bifoopricks ; that you prohibit the affembling of " Minifters in their fynodical Meetings till our further " Pleafure ; and that you keep a watchful Eye over " thofe, who by Difcourfe or Preaching endeavour to " alienate the Affections of our People from us or our " Government — " Purfuant to thefe Directions the Lords of the Council ordered the Heralds to make publick Proclamation at the Market Crojs in Edin burgh, Sept. 6. of this his Majefty's Royal Will and Ib.p.i33> Pleafure. In the Month of December a Commiffion 1 34- was iffued out tO the Bifoops of London and Worcefier to ordain and confecrate according to the Rites and Cere- Chap. VI. of the Puritans. 345 Ceremonies of the Church of England, Mr. James King Sharp, Archbifhop of St. Andrews, Mr. Andrew Fair- Ch*Tj.esI1' foul, Archbifoop of Glafgow, Mr. Robert Leighton, ^J-^J^, Bifoop of Dunblain, and Mr. James Hamilton, Bifhop of Galloway. A very bad Choice, fays Bifhop Burnet ; Sharp was one of the falfeft and vileft Diffemblers in the World. Fairjoul was next akin to a Natural. ' Leigh-'&wMst, ton was an excellent Prelate ; but Hamilton's Life wasP- '39? fcarce free from Scandal : He had fworn to the Cor I4°* venant, and when One objected to him, that it went againft his Confcience, he faid, Such Medicines ' as could not be chewed muft be fiwallowed whole. The Englifo Bifhops infifted upon their renouncing their Prefbyterian Orders, which they cortfented to, and Were in one and the fame Day ordained firft Deacons, then Priefts, and laft of all Bifoops, according to the Rites of the Church of England. Bifhop Burnet fays, that tho' the King had a natu- A£ainjithe ral Hatred to Prefbytery, he went very coldly into Kjf?s 's this Defign; nay, that- he had a vifible Reluftancy '"?' againft it, becaufe of the Temper of the Scots Nation,:;1 ' and his Unwillingness . to involve his Government in,'3,# new Troubles; but the Earl of Clarendon pufhed it Kennet, forward with great Zeal ; and the Duke of Ormond?- 557. faid, that Epifcopacy could not be eftablifhed in Ire land if Prefbytery continued in Scotland. The Earls of Lauderdale and Crawjord indeed were againft it, but the Council of Scotland not protesting, it was deter mined upon ; but it was a large Strain of the Prero gative for a King by a Royal Proclamation to alter the Government of a Church eftablifhed by Law, "without Confent of Parliament, Convocation, or Synod of any kind whatfoever; for it was not till May the next Year that this Affair was decided in Parliament. Some of the Scots Minifters preach'd boldly againft Mr. this Change of Government ; and among others, Mr. exfcu"j James Guthrie, Minifter of Stirlin, for which, andHift fome other Things, he was convicted of Sedition and Stuarts, Treafon. Bifoop1 Burnet, who faw him fuffer, fays, p. i44. that 346 The H I S T O R Y VoL.IV. King that he exprefs'd a Contempt of Death ; that he fpoke (EhatesII,-an fjour upon the Ladder with- the Compofednefs of a yJ^J^ Man that was delivering a Sermon rather than his laft Words ; that he juftified all he had done, exhorting all People to adhere to the Covenant, which he mag nified highly. He was executed June 14, 1661. and K. Chr. concluded his dying* Speech with thefe Words* " I P- 459- " take God to record upon my Soul, that I would Burn. cc not exchange this Scaffold with the Palace or Mitre v'*z ' " of the greateft Prelate in Britain. Bleffed b'e.God, " . who hath foewed Mercy to fuch a Wretch, and has ", revealed his Son in me, and. made me a Minifter *' of the everlafting Gofpel ; and: that he has defigned, " in the Midft of much Contradiction from Sa,tan and " the World, to feal my Miniftry upon the Hearts of "(not a few of this People, and efpecially in the Con- " gregation and Prefbytery of Stirlin." There died with him on the fame Scaffold, young Captain Govan, Ib.p. 152, whofe laft Words were, thefe, " I bear Witnefs with 153- " my Blood to the perfecuted Government of this " Church, by Synods and Prefbyteries. I bear Wit- f-f nefs to the. Solemn League and. Covenant, and feal " it with my Blood. I likewife teftify againft all Po- *' pery, Prelacy, Idolatry, Superstition, and the Ser- " vice Book, which is no better than a Relick of the " R'omifo Idolatry " Soon after this the Rights of Patronages were reftored, and all the Prefbyterian Mi nifters filenced, tho' the Court had not a Supply of Men of any fort to fill up their Vacancies. CharaBer The Account that Bifhop Burnet gives of the old of the old Scots Prefbyterian Minifters, who were poffefled of the foC°erkns "^urcn Livings before the Reftoration, is very re- il !," ,6' markable, and deferves a Place in this Hiftory. »S7- '" T^y were (%s he) a brave and folemn People; " their Spirits were eager, and their Tempers fower, " but they had an Appearance that created Refpect ; " they vifited their Parifhes much, and were fo full of " Scripture, and fo ready at extempore Prayer, that 4i from that they grew to praftife extempore Ser- \l monsj Chap. VI. ef the Pu r i ta"n s. 347 " mons ; for the Cuftom in Scotland was, after Din- Ki«g " ner or Supper, to read a Chapter in the Bible, andCt^H. " when they happened to come in, if it was accepta- ^d!^ " ble, they would on a fudden expound the Chapter ; ^*^ " by this means the People had fuch a vaft Degree " of Knowledge, that the poor Cottagers could pray " extempore. Their Preachers went all in one Tract " in their Sermons, of Doctrine, Reafon, and Ufe ; " and this was fo methodical, that the People could " follow a Sermon quite through every Branch of it. " It can hardly be imagined to what a Degree thefe ' Minifters were loved, and reverenced by their Peo ple. They kept fcandalous Perfons under fevere " Difcipline ; for Breach of the Sabbath, for an Oath, .." or Drunkennefs, they were eked before the Kirk " Seffions, and folemnly rebuked for it; for Fornica- " tion they ftood on the Stool of Repentance in the rli Church, at the Time of Worfhip, for three Days, " receiving Admonition, and making Profeffions of " Repentance, which fome did with many Tears, and " Exhortations to others to take Warning by them 5 ." for Adultery they fat in the fame Place fix Months " covered with Sackcloth. But with all this (fays " the Bifoop) they had but a na/row Compafs of " Learning, were very affected in their Deportment, " and were apt in their Sermons to make themfelves " popular, by preaching againft the Sins of Princes " and Courts, which, the People delighted to hear, ?' becaufe they had no fhare in them." The Bifhops and Clergy that fucceeded thefe Pref-^dofthe byterians were of a quite different Stamp ; moft ofSc0JsSP^ 1 *-.• • • ¦ • ¦ i- • ¦»«• 1 and neiw them were very mean Divines, vicious in their Morals, Qiergy, idle and negligent of their Cures ; by which means they became obnoxious to the whole Nation, and were hardly capable of supporting their Authority through the Reign of King Charles II. even with the Affiftance of the Civil Power. Bifhop Burnet adds, that they p. 15?.' were mean and defpkable in all Refpefts ; the worst Preachers he ever heard ; Ignorant to a Reproach, and many 348 s&vHISTORY V6j.IV. King -many-of them openly vicious ; that they were a Dif- •ch^esIIi^rac^ to their Order, and to the facred Functions,- and xjfdl^j were 'indeed the Dregs and Refufe of the Northern ~^V^«Parts. -/The few that- were above Contempt or Scan dal were Men of fuch violent Tempers, that they were as much hated as the others were defpifed. Epificopacf .,,lfi Ireland the Hierarchy was reftored after the-fame reftoddin Manner..asan Scotland -fthe King' by his Letters Pa- Ireland. tent& in Rjght ^ . his power to app0int Bifoops to the p 440, vacant Sees» iffueci hi? -Koyal Mandate to Dr: Bram- 4+7 ' -.hall, : Archbifoop of ofr'magh^ and Dr. Taylor j Bifoop of Down and Conor, hy virtue of which they laid Hands on.two;Archbifhbps;and ten Bifhops, in one Day. His Grace infifted onthe Re-Ordination of thofe whotiiad been ordained, in the tate Times: without the Hands of -a Bifliop, but with thisToftning Claufe in their" Orders. .Noniannihilauteslpriohs Or dines (ft quos tiabuit)*riec .valiiitatem, out, i'mdaliditatem mmindetn determinantit, i.multo. minus omneA Qrdines fiacvds Ecclejiarum forinfi- carum condemnantes^Nquos propria Judicio relinquMus ': Sedfolummodo fiffpleht.es quicquid prdus defuit-perCa- :nones Ecclefite Angficanaa requifitum — ^— i. e. " Not " annihilating his fosflher, Orders (if he had any) nor " determining conaerning their' Validity or Invalidity, " much lefs condemning all the facred Ordinations of " foreign Churches whom we. i leave to theirc own J-1 Judge, but only , fupplying what' was wantirag.-ac- cf .cording to the Canons of the Church of England- — " Ib.p. 449- Without fuch an Explication as this few of the Clergy of 'Ireland woukbdiave kept their; Stations in -the Church. On the 1 7th of May the. Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the. Commons hi Parliament affembled in Ireland, declared their Approbation and high Efteem qf Epifcopal Government, and of 'the. Book of Cara mon-Prayer, according to the Ufe of. the Church of England; and thus the. old Constitution in Church as well as State, was reftored in the three Kingdoms. Condua of 'pkg -prmc]0 Minifters, who had been Tools to per- ?«J-enC fW.e the Englifh Prefbyterians to reftore the King fiants. with- Chap; VI. of the Puritans. 349 without a Treaty, went along with the' Torrent, and King , complimented the Church of England upon hef Re-Charles-Il: Eftablifhment ; they commended the Liturgy, which J^^fd* they formerly treated with reproachful Language. jTchron. Some few of them pretended to bemoan the Want Of p. 462. Epifcopacy among ¦: themfelves, and to wonder that any of the Englifo Prefbyterians foould feruple Confor mity.. The French Church at the Savoy fubmitted to Kennet, the Rites and Ceremonies of the Englifo Hierarchy ;P- 475- and Mr. Du Bojc, Minifter of Caen, writes to the Mi nifter of the Savoy, that he was as dear to him under the Surplice of England, as under the Robe of France. So complaifant were thefe mercenary Divines towards thofe who difallowed their Orders, difowned their Churches, and the Validity of all their Administra tions. Lord Clarendon and the Bifoops having got over King's pre- the Savoy Conference, and carried the Service-Book tended with the Amendments through the Convocation, werezfalf°dr now improving the prefent Temper of the Parliament r*rc J ' to give it the Sanction of the Legislature ; for this Purpofe the King, tho' a Papift, is made to fpeak the Language of a zealous Churchman. In his Speech to the Parliament, Feb. 28. he has thefe Words; " Gentlemen, I hear you are zealous for the Church, Rapin, " and very folicitous, and even jealous, that there isP- 29°* " not Expedition enough ufed in that Affair. I thank " you for it, fince I prefume it proceeds from a good " Root of Piety and Devotion ; but I muft tell you, " that I have the worft Luck in the World, if after " all the Reproaches of being a Papift, while I was " abroad, I am fufpefted of being a Presbyterian " now I am come home. I know you will not take " it unkindly if I tell you, I am as zealous for the " Church of England as any of you can be, and am " enough acquainted with the Enemies of it on all "Sides. I am as much in love with the Book of " Common-Prayer as you can wifo, and have Preju- " dices enough againft thofe who do not love it ; who " I 350 fffcr HISTORY Vol.IV. King « I hope, in Time, will be better informed, and CharlesII.te cnange their Minds. And you may be confident, \jf?£^, " I do as much defire to fee an Uniformity fettled as ^v^ « any among you ; and pray truft me in that Affair, " I promife you to haften the Difpatch of it with all " convenient Speed \ you may rely upon me in it. " I have tranfmitted the Book of Common-Prayer " with the Amendments, to the Houfe of Lords " but when we have done all we can, the well fettling " that Affair will require great Prudence and Difcre- " tion, and the Abfence of all Paffion and Precipi- " tation." In favour The Reafon of the King's requiring Dijcretion of the Pa- jn tne Parliament, and the Abfence of Paffion, was &renot m favour of the Prefbyterians, but the Papifts, #WPW*-Who went all the Lengths of the Prerogative, and tiphs. publifhed a Remonftrance about this Time, " where- " in they acknowledge his Majefty to be God's Vice- " gerent upon Earth in all temporal Affairs ; that they *' are bound to obey him under pain of Sin, and that " they renounce all foreign Power and Authority, as " incapable of abfolving them from this Obligation." Comp. It was given out, that they were to have forty Chapels Hift. in and about the City of London, and much more was p. 252. underftood by them (fays Archbifhop Tenifion) who v ci!^' Penetrated into the Defigns of a certain Paper, com- ' ron' monty called the Declaration ofi Somerfiet Houje ; but the Defign mifcarried, partly by their Divifions among themfelves, and partly by the. Refolutenefs of the prime Minifter, who charged them with Principles incon- fiftent with the Peace of the Kingdom. Father Orleans Kennet, fays, " There were great Debates in this Parliament p. 498. « about Liberty of Confcience The Catholick " Party was fupported by the Earl of Briftol, a Man " in great Repute ; the Proteftant Party by Chancel- " lor Hyde, chief of an oppofite Faction, and a Per- " fon of no lefs Confideration, who putting himfelf at " the Head of the prevailing Church of England Par- " ty in that Parliament, declared not only againft the 2 " Roman Chap. VI. of the V us. i tans. 35 1 '' Roman Catholicks, but againft the Prefbyterians, Ring *« and all thofe the Church of England calls Non-Con- CharlesII. •c< formifts. The King, who was no good Chriftian in .if61" « his Aclions, but a Catholick in his Heart, -did all ^*rs/ " that could be expected from his eafy Temper, to «« maintain the common Liberty, that Jo the Catholicks " -might have ajhare in it ; but the Church of 'England, " and Chancellor Hyde, were fo hot upon that Point, that " his Majefty was obliged to yield rather to the Chan- " cellar's Importunity than to his Reafon." However, by the Favour of the Queen-Mother fwarms of Papifts came over into England, and fettled about the Court ; they fet up private Seminaries for the Education of Youth ; and tho' they could not obtain an open Tole ration, they multiplied prodigioufly, and laid the ' Foundation of all the Dangers that threaten'd the Conftitution and Proteftant Religion in the latter part of this and the next Reign. Towards the latter End of this Year, the Court and Bifoops not content with their Triumphs over the li ving Prefbyterians, defcended into the Grave, and dug up the Bodies of thofe that had been buried in Wefimin- fier Abbey in the late Times, left their Duft fhould one Time or other mix with the Loyalifts ; for befides the Bodies of Cromwel, and others already mentioned, his. Majefty's Warrant to the Dean and Chapter of Weft minfter was now obtained, to take up the Bodies of fuch Perfons who had been unwarrantably buried in the Chapel of King Henry VII. . and in other Chapels and Places within the Collegiate Church of Weftminfter fince the Year 1641. and to bury them in the Church- Yard adjacent; by which Warrant they might have taken up all the Bodies that had been buried there for^fad^"d twenty Years paft. Purfuant to thefe Orders, on tht ,'"jiJn^_ 1 2th and 14th of September they went to work, andderable took up about twenty, among whom were, Perfons in The Body of Elizabeth Cromwel, Mother ^f late of Oliver, Daughter of Sir Richard Stewart, wholm" "s died Nov. 18. 1654. and was buried in Henry the Se- p- chron. venth's Chapel. Thep. 536. 352 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King The Body of Elizabeth Clavpole, Daughter CharlesII.Qf Oliver, who died Aug. y. 1658. and was buried \^J^s in a Vault made for her in Henry the Seventh's Chapel. The Body of Robert Blake, the; famous Engr lifo Admiral, who after his viftorious Fight at Santa Cruz, died in Plimouth Sound, Aug. 7. 1657. and was buried in Henry the Seventh's Chapel : -A Man, whofe great Services to the Englifo -Nation deferved a Monument as lafting as Time it felf. The Body of the Famous Mr. John Pym, a Cor- nifo Gentleman, and Member of the Long Parliament, who was buried in the Year 1643. and attended to his Grave by moft of the Lords and Commons in Parlia ment. The Body of Dr. Dorislaus, employed as an Af- fiftant in drawing up the Charge againft the King, for which he was murdered by the Royalifts, when he was Ambaffador to the States of Holland in 1 649. The Body of Sir Wi l l 1 a m Constable, one of the King's Judges, Governor of Gloucefter, and Colo nel of a Regiment of Foot, who died 1655. The Body of Colonel Edward Pop ham, one of the Admirals of the Fleet, who died 1 65 1 . The Body of William Stroud, Efiq; one of the five Members of Parliament demanded by King Charles I. The Body of Colonel Humphry Mackworth, one of O. Cromwel's Colonels, buried in Henry the Se venth's Chapel, 1654. The Body of Dennis Bond, Efiq; one of the Council of State, who died ./fag. 8. 1658. The Body of Thomas May, Efiq; who writ the History of the Long Parliament with great Integrity, and in a beautiful Stile. He died in the Year 1650. The Body of Colonel John Meld rum, a Scots Man, who died in the Wars. The Body of Colonel Boscawen, a Cornifo Man. To thefe may be added, feveral eminent Prefbyteri an Divines 5 as, The Ghap.VI. of the Puri tax si 3^? The Body of Dr. William Twijje, Prolocutor of the king Affembly of Divines, buried in the South Crofs of the Charted!. Abbey Church, July 24. 1645. l66u The Body of Mr. Stephen Marjhal, buried in the *H'"V°^ South Tile, November 23. 1655. The Body of Mr. William Strong, Preacher in the Abbey Church, and buried there July 4. 1654. Thefe, with fome others of letter Note, both Men and Wo men, were thrown together into one Pit in St. Marga ret's Church- Yard, near the Back-Door of one of the Prebendaries : But the Work was fo indecent, and car- riedwith it fuch a popular Odium, that a Stop.was put to any further Proceedings. Among others who were obnoxious to the Govern- Of the ment, were the People called Qu akers, who having Quakers. declared openly againft the Lawfolnefs of making Ufe of carnal Weapons, even in Self Defence, had the Cou rage to petition the Houfe of Lords for a Toleration of their Religion, and for a Difpenfation from taking the Oaths, which they held unlawful, not from any Dif affection to the Government, or a Belief that they were lefs obliged by an Affirmation, but from a Perfuafion that all Oaths were unlawful ; and that Swearing upon the moft folemn Occafions was forbidden in the New Teftament. The Lords in a Committee rejected their Petition, and inftead of giving them Relief paffed the following Act, May 2. the Preamble to which fets forth, " That whereas fundry Perfons have taken wpAftagainft " an Opinion, that an Oath, even before a Magi- Quakers. " ftrate, is unlawful, and contrary to the Word of '3 Car.II, " God. And whereas under Pretence of Religious ap' '* " Worfhip, the faid Perfons do affemble in great " Numbers in feveral Parts of the Kingdom, fepara- " ting themfelves from the reft of his Majefty's Sub- " jefts, and from the publick Congregations and " ufual Places of Divine Worfhip; be it therefore " enacted, That if any fuch Perfons after the 24th of " March, 1661-62. foall refufe to take an Oath when " lawfully tender'd, or perfuade others to do it, or Vol. IV. A a " main- 3 £4 . TV H I $ T Q R Y Vol.IV. King « maintain in writing, or otherwife, the Unlawfulnefs Ch,a66in' " of takinS an 0at^ "' or if theY ^a11 affembleifor Re- vj-y^, " ligious Worfoip to the Number of five or naore, _pf " foe Age of fifteen, they foall for the firft Offence " forfeit five Pounds ; for thefecond ten Pounds.; arid " for the third fhall abjure the Realm, or be tranfport- " ed to the Plantations : And the Juftices of Peace, at " their open Seffions may hear and .finally determine "' in the Affair." This Aft was paffed by Corarr^f- fion, and had a dreadful Influence upon that People, tho' it was notorious they were far from Sedition, or Sewel, Difaffeftion to the Government. G. Fox, in his Ad- P- 346' drefs to the King, acquaints his Majefty, that three K. Chron. t-houfand and fixty eight of their Friends had been im- ?' s'' prifoned fince his Majefty's Reftoration; that their Meetings were daily broken up by Men with Clubs and Arms, and their Friends thrown into the Water, and trampled under Foot till the Blood gufhed out, which . gave rife to their meeting in the open Streets.' Ano ther Relation was printed, figned by twelve Witnef fes, which fays, that more than four thoufand two hundred Quakers were imprifoned ; and of them five hundred were in and about London, and the Suburbs ; feveral of whom were dead in the Gaols. But thefe were only the Beginnings of Sorrows, State of Religion, which had been the Fafhion of the late Religion. Times, was now univerfally difeountenanced ; the Name of it was hardly mentioned but with Ridicule, in a Health or a Play. Thofe who obferved the Sab- •. bath, and ferupled prophane Swearing and drinking Healths, were expofed under the opprobrious Names of Puritans, Fanaticks, Prefoyterians, Republicans, Se ditious Perfons, &c. The Prefbyterian Minifters were every where fufpended or deprived for fome unguarded Expreffions in their Sermons or Prayers. Lord Cla rendon was at the Head of all this Madnefs, and declared in Parliament, " That the King could di- " ftinguifh between Tendernejs of Confeience and 44 Pride of Confeience ; that he was a Prince of fo " excel- Chap. VI. of the Puritans; 3 £-5 "excellent, a Nature, and of jo tender a Conjcience King " himfelf, that he had the higheft Compaffion for allch»JsI?" " Errors of that kind, and would never fuffer the J-^^i " Weak to undergo the Punifhment ordained for the " Wkked." Such was the. deep Penetration of the Chancellor; and fuch the Reward the .; Prefoyterians were to expect for their paft Services ! , The exorbitant Vices of the Court, at the farne'Extrwva- Time, fpread over the whole Nation, and occafioned^^'" °f fuch a general Licentioufnefs,; that the King took ^°-ihef^! tice of it in his Speech at the End of this Seffion of "?B> Parliament , " I cannot but obferve (fays his -Maje-' '-' fly) that the whole Nation feems to be a, little cor- " rupted in their Excefs of Living; fure all Men " fpend :rnuch more in their Clothes, in their Diet, " and all other Expences, than they have been ufed ", to do ; I hope it has been only the Excefs of Joy " after fo long Suffering that has tranfported us to " thefe'other Exceffes, but let us take heed that the Con- . " tinuance of them does not indeed corrupt our.Na- *5 tures. I do believe I have been faulty my felf ; I " promife you I will reform, and if you will join " with me in your feveral Capacities, we foall by our *', Examples do more good both in City and Country " than any, new Laws would do." But it was not in the King's Nature to retrench his Expences, or inter7 mit his Pleafuxes for the publick Good. Tho' the Revenues of the Crown were augmented ^62: above double what they had been at any Time fince ^Mother the Reformation ; and.rtho'.the King had a vaft Por-^t j^fe; tion with his Queen, whom he married this Spring, yet all was not fufficient to fupport the Profufenefs of the Court; for befides the King's own Expences, the "QueenrMother kept a fplendid Court of Roman Catho licks at S'omerjet Houfe, and might have done fo as long as. foe had lived, if foe could have kept within Bounds ; but her Conduft was fo imprudent and bur denfome, that foe was obliged to return to France af ter three or four Years, where foe died in the Year A a "2 1669. 356 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King 1 66a.. A Lady of fuch Bigotry in Religion, and In- Cha6rg sI1 "trigue in Management, that her Alliance to this Na- \^~y^is tion was little lefs than a Judgment from Heaven. Sale of To procure more ready Money for thefe Extravagan- Dunkirk. cies, it was refolved to fell the Town of Dunkirk to Rapin, the French, for five hundred thoufand Pounds. The p' 3°°' Lord Chancellor Clarendon Was the Projeftor of this 303. ' v'\\e Bargain, as appears by the Letters of Count D'Efirades, publifhed fince his Death, in one of which his Lordfhip acknowledges, that the Thought came jrom himfelf. Several mercenary Pamphlets Were pub lifhed to juftify this Sale ; but the late War with France in the Reigns of King William and Queen Anne, have fufficiently convinced the Nation, that it was a fatal Bargain to their Trade and Commerce ; infomuch that her Majefty's laft Miniftry durft not venture to make Peace with France till the Fortifications of it were de- molifoed. Execution But to divert the People's Eyes to other Objects, it of more of was refolved to go on with the Profecution of State the King's Criminals, and with crufoing the Non-Conformifts: ju °es. "and other Rites- and Ceremonies oj the Church, ac- "' cording to the Ufe oj the Church 0/ England, toge- '' ther with the P Jailer, or PJalms oj David, pointed " as they are to "be Jung or Jaid in Churches ; and the " Form and Manner oj making, ordaining, and conje- u crating of Bifoops, Priefts and Deacons." ' " The Penalty for neglecting br refuting to make " this ^Declaration, is Deprivation ipfio jaclo of all his " fpiritual Promotions. " And it is further enacted, that every Dean, Ca- - "non, Prebendary.; all, Mafters, Heads, Fellows, " Chaplains, and Tutors, in any College, Hall, " Houfe of Learning, or Hofpital ; all publick Pro- " feffors, Readers in either Univerfity, and in every' " College and elfewhere ; and all Parfons, Vicars, " "Curates, Lecturers ; and every School-Mafter keep- " ing any publick or private School; and every Per- " fon inftrufting Youth in any private Family, fhall " , before the Feaft of St. Bartholomew, 1 662. fubfcribe '* the following Declaration (viz.) " / A. B. do declare, that it is not lawful upon any " Pretence whet fever, to take Arms againft the King ; u and that I do abhor that traiterous Pofition ofja>- " king^ Arms by his Authority, againft 'his Perjon, or " againft thoje that are commiffioned by him; and that " I will conform to the Liturgy oj the Church o/Eng- " land, as it is now by Law eftablifoed. And I do ** hold, that there lies no Obligation upon me, or on « any Chap. VI. of the Puri ta«n s; 361 " any other Perjon, jrom the Oath commonly called the King " Solemn League and Covenant, to endeavour any CharlesII, " Change or Alteration oj Government either in-Church .J^Lj " or State ; and that the Jame was in it Jelf an unlauo- " Jul Qath, and impojed upon the Subjecls oj this " Realm, againft the known Laws and Liberties oj this. '' This Declaration is to be fubfcribed by the Per fons abovementioned before the Archbifhop, Bi foop, or Ordinary of the Diocefe, on Pain of De privation, for thofe who were poffefled of Livings ; and for School-Mafters and Tutors three Months Imprifonment, for the firft Offence ; and for every other Offence three Months Imprifonment? and, the Forfeiture of five Pounds to his Majefty. Pro vided that after the 25th of March 1682. the Re nouncing of the Solemn League and Covenant foall be omitted. " It is further enafted, that no Perfon foall be ca pable of any Benefice, or prefome to confecrate ancj adminifter the holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, before he be ordained a Prieft by Epifcopal Ordi nation, on pain of forfeiting for every Offence one hundred Pounds. " No Form, or Order of Common-Prayer, fhalj be ufed in any Church, Chapel, or other Place of publick Worfhip, or in either of the Univerfities, than is here prefcribed and appointed. " None foall be received as Lecturers, or be per mitted to preach, or rea$ any Sermon of Lecture in any Church or Chapel, unlets he be approved and licenfed by the Archbifoop or Bifoop, and foall read the Thirty Nine Articles of Religion, with a Declaration of his unjeigned Affent and Conjent to the fame: And unlets the firft Time he preaches any Lecture or Sermon, he fhall openly read the Common-Prayer, and declare his Affent to it ; and foall on the firft Lecture-Day of every Month afterwards before Lecture, or Sermon, read the ,.'¦-.-:-¦- ¦ •« com- 362 The H I S T O R Y Vol. IV. King « Common-Prayer1 and Service, under pain of be- Cha/le?]?u'' ing difabled to preach ; and if he preach while fo \J^ Common- Prayer Book more exceptionable, for inftead^ Ctwr of ftriking out the; Apocryphal Leffons, more were in- ¦ ferted, as the Story of Bel and the Dragon ; and fome hew Holy Days were added, as St. Barnabas, and the Converjion of St. Paul y a few Alterations, and new Collefts were made by the Bifoops themfelves, but Care was taken (fays Burnet) that nothing foould beP- l8?* altered, as was moved by the Prefoyterians — The Validity of Prefbyterian Ordination was renounced, by which the Ministrations of the foreign Churches were dsfowned Lecturers and School-Mafters were put upon the fame foot with Incumbents as to Oaths and ¦ Sub- 3^4 &* HISTORY Vol.IV. Ki»g Subfcriptions — A new Declaration was invented, Ch^esII.which none who underftood the Conftitution of Eng- yJFf^land could fafely fubfcribe and to terrify the Cler- *^ gy into a Compliance, no fettled Provision was made fpr thofe who foould be deprived of their Livings, but all were referr'd to the Royal Clemency A Seve rity (fays i Bifhop Burnet) neither praftifed by Queen Elizabeth in enacting the Liturgy, nor by Cromwel in ejecting the Royalifts, in both which a Fifth of the Benefice was refervecl fpr their Subfiftence. Raping Mr dRapin has "feveral Remarks on this Aft : If we Remarks, compare jt with the King's Declaration from Breda p. 293. (fays he) it will eafilybe feen what Care the Minifters aboqt the King, who were the real Authors or Promo ters of this Aft; had for his Honour and Promife ;• tho' fome therefore may look upon this Aft as the great Support and Bulwark of the Church,- Others, no lefs attached to its Interests, will perhaps look upon it as her Difgraee and Scandal — His fecond Remark is, for the Reader to, take Notice of the Amount of the Prorhifes made to the Prefoyterians by the King's Party, upon the Assurance of which they had fo chear- fiilly laboured for his Reftoration, and followed -the Directions transmitted by his Friends ¦ His , third Remark is, that by an Artifice, the moft grofs Confpi- racies were invented which had no manner of Reality ; or'foppofing they had, could no ways be charged on the Prefbyterians, who were not to anfwer for, the Crimes of other Sects. Remarks On the other hand, Bifoop Kennet fays, " the World afBiJhop « 'has Reafon to admire not only the Wifdom of this " Act, but even the Moderation of it, as being effe- " ftually made for minifierial Confiormity alone, and "" leaving the People unable to complain of any Im- " pbfitiori. And it would certainly have had the de- " fired, and moft happy Effect, of Unity and Peace p. 262. " (fays his Lordfhip) if the Government had been in Remarks, « earneft jn tne Execution of it." Muft the Bleffing^ of Unity and Peace then be built on the Foundation of ' Per- Chap.Vl. of the Puritans. 36J Perfecution, Plunder, Perfidy, and the Waftes of Kiitg , Confeience? If his Majefty's, Declaration concerning Char}eslf. Ecclefiaftical Affairs breathed the Spirit of true Wif-^^J dom and Charity, and ought to ftand for a Pattern to ^»^"v Pofterity, whenever they are difpofed to heal the Breaches of the Church (as the Bifhop has elfewhere Kennet, declared) where could be the Wifdom and Moderation P- 246- of this Aft, which turn'd out two thoufand Minifters into the World to beg their Bread upon fuch fevere Terms? And whereas the Bifoop fays, the People had no Reafon to complain of Impofition, was it no Hardfhip to be obliged to go to Church, and join in a Form of Worfhip that went agaiiift their Confcien ces ? Does not the Aft revive and confirm all the Pe nal Laws of Queen Elizabeth and King James, in thefe Words, " Be it farther enacted, that the feveral " good Laws and Statutes of this Realm, which have " been formerly made, and are now in Force for the " Uniformity of Prayers, and Adminiftration of the " Sacraments within this Realm of England, and Pla- " ces aforefaid, foall ftand in foil Force and Strength «' to all Intents and Purpofes whatfoever, and fhall be " applied, praftifed, and be put in Ufe for the pu- " nifhing all Offences contrary to the faid Law." Surely this muft affect the Laity ! 'Tis more to be ad mired in my Opinion, that the Clergy of England, and all Officers both Civil and Military, could fub fcribe a Declaration that gave up the whole Conftituti on into the Hands of an arbitrary Prince '; for if the King had abolifhed the Ufe of Parliaments, and com manded his Subjects to embrace the Popifh Religion, which Way could they have relieved themfelves, when they had fworn, that it was not lawjul to take up Arms ' againft the King, or any commiffwned by him, on any Pretence whatfoever, on pain ofi High Treafion ? 'Tis hard to reconcile thefe Things^ with the late Revo lution of King William and Queen Ma ry. I foall only add, That many of the moft learned and judicious Divines of the Church have wifli- ed, 366 The HISTORY yojjv. Collyer. King ed, for their own fakes, that the Act might be amended CharlesII- arid altered. \2^Xj Collyer, a Non-juring Clergyman, who, fq%rr Of Mr. ec* for his Principles, fpeaks more like a Gentleman and a Chriftianjthan the Bifoop ; " The Misfortune " of the- Prefbyterians (fays he) cannot be remem- " ber'd without Regret ; thofe who qujt their, Interefts 4c are certainly in earneft, and deferve a charitable " Conftruftion. Miftakes in Religion aretobeten- " derly ufed, and Confeience ought to be pitied when " it can't be relieved." 'Tis fit the Authors and Promoters of this memora- Promoters ble Aft, which broke the Peace of the Church, and "f this Aa. eftabfifoed a Separation, fhould ftand upon Record ; At mong thefe the Earl of Clarendon deferves the firft Place, who was once for moderate Meafures, but afterwards alter'd his Conduct (fays Bifhop Burnet) out of refpeet to the Bifhops. The Rhetorick and Intereft of this great Minifter ( fays Collyer ) might poffibly make an Impression upon both Houfes, and occafion the paffing the Aft of Uniformity in the Condition it now stands j he entertained the Prefbyterians with Hopes, while he was cutting away the Ground from under their Feet; Strange ! that one and the fame Hand could confiftent* ly with Confidence and Honour draw up the King's De claration from Breda, and his late Declaration concern ing Ecclefiaftical Affairs, and this fevere Aft of Uni formity. Next to Chancellor Hyde was Dr. Sheldon, Bifhop of London, and afterwards Archbifhop of Canterbury, of whom Notice has been already taken ; he was a fa* cetious Man (fays Burnet) but of no great Religion, When the Earl of Man chefter told the King, he was afraid the Terms of Conformity were fo hard that ma ny Minifters would not comply ; the Bifhop replied, he was afraid they woqld, but now we know their Minds (Jays he ) we will make them all Knaves ij they con form. And when Dr. Allen faid, 'tis pity the Door is fo ftrait; he anfwer'd, 'lis no pity at all; if we had thought Authors or Lord Cla- rendon. p. 185. Collyerj p. 888. I Si/hopSheldon p, 177. Hi Chap. VI. of the Puritans. 367 thought fio. .mqny oj fhem would have . conjorrned we-wquld King have m.ade it frailer. And Mr. Baxter adds, That asCharlesII. far , as he. could perceive tit was. by fome defigned it l66;J- fhould be fo. ,:.;.-," Next to Bifoop Shelclw^ was Bifoop Morley, a pious Other Bi- Man (fays Burnet) but extreamly paffionate and veryfi°Ps <>»J obftina|e. Morley was thought the honefter Man, but^^^"' Sheldon the abler Statesman. To thefe may be added, .Dr. Gunning, Bifoop of Ely ; Henchman of London ; Dolben of Rochefter; Stern of York; Dr. Pierce, Sparrow, and Barwick, all Creatures of ,the Court, and Tools ;of the Prerogative. But neither the Courtiers nor Bifhops could haveThe Par- accomplifoed their Defigns withoqt tampering with fhet'ament- , Parliament. Care ... was therefore taken , of the beft Speakers, and Men, of Influence among the Commons. The Parliament was undoubtedly acted by a Spirit of Revenge (fays Rapin) and being of Principles directly P- 3°^ pppofite to the Prefoyterians, who were for reducing ^c' the Royal Power within certain Limits, they refolved to put it out of their Power for ever to reftrain the . Prerogative, or alter the Government of the Church ; and the. King being '. in continual Want of Money, was content to facrifice the: Prefoyterians for a large Supply of the Nation's Money, efpecially when he knew he was ferving the Caufe of Popery at the fame Time, by making Way for a general Toleration. "_ The Prefbyterian Minifters had " but three Months CtmiuS of to confider what to do with themfelves, and their Fa- theYxed- milies. There were feveral Confutations both in Citybytenans* and-Coiintry to know each others Sentiments ; arid, it happen'd here, as it did afterwards about taking the Oaths to King William and Queen Mary ; fome that ";perfuaded their Brethren to diffent, complied themfelves and gotthe others Livings. 'Tis not to be fuppofed they Cal. Cont. had all the fame Scruples. Bifoop Kennet fays, that P- 47 »• . renouncing , the Covenant was the greateft Obftacle of Conformity to the Prefbyterians. . But his Lordfhip, is miftaken ; for if abjuring the Covenant had been omit- 2 ted '^68 the HISTORY Vol.IV. , King ted they could not have taken the Corporation Oath. Ck*^1* Sortie could not in Confeience comply- with the Very sJr-J^s Form of the Hierarchy. Great Numbers ferupled the Bufinefs of Re-Ordination, which implied a Renoun cing the Validity Of their former Miniftratibns • --*' But that which the Diffenters of all Denominations refufed, was giving their Affent and Conjent4o all and every Thing contained in the Book- oj Common-Prayer. This diey apprehended to be more than was due to any hu man Compofore. *fc» - Their Dif- - Mr-. Eachard reprefents them as under great Diffi- f cutties, culties ; " Some (fays he) were positive againft any <( Compliance, but great Numbers were doubtful and " uncertain^ -arid had great Struggles between the At- " tractions of Confeience and Honour, Intereft and " Humour. The Aft was fttiftly penn'd, and pref- c* fed hard upon late Principles and Practices.' A «' continual IfrtercoUrfe of Letters paffed between thofe " in the City, and the reft in the Countries, how to " proceed in this nice Affair. Sometimes the- chief of " them were for Compliance, as I have been affured " (fays he) by the beft Hands, and then upon further *' Confiderati®n they changed their Minds. They " were under confiderable Temptations on bom1 Sides ; " on tine Side their -Livings and Preferments were no "fmall Inducement towards their Compliance ;'- on " the other Side, befides their Confciences, they #ere " much encouraged by the- Greatnefs of their Num- " bers, and were made to believe, tt.it if they unani- " moufly flood out the Church muft come to them, " fince the People: would nev *¦ best fo fhocking a " Change Befides,-they hv.d great Expectations " from feveral Friends at Court, and particularly the " Popifh Party, who gave them great Encourage- " ment, -not only by a Promife- of Penfions to fome, " but alfo by a Toleration,- and a Sufpenfion of the " Aft it felf, which ' not long after was partly made " good.- No doubt but the Non-Compliance of fe- " vera! proceeded purely -from a tender Confeience, • • " and Chap. VI. of the PurVtans. 369 " and iri'ihat- Cafe ought not only to> be pitied, but- King " rather applauded than condemned.'*. ;Bifhop Burnet .CharlesII. adds, That the Leaders of the Prefbyterian Party took J^fd^ great Pains to have them all flick together : They ^^ faid, that; if great. Numbers flood out it was more likely to produce new Laws in their Favour; fo it- was thought (fays his Lofdfoip) thatTnany went odt in the Croud to keep their Friends Company. . : to c ¦; 'Tis poffible fome. Noblemen, and.others who vtereRemarh. in the Intereft of the Prefbyterians, might advife them to flick by one another; but it is hardly credible; that Men of Abilities and good Senfe fhould.throw up their "V^j*«. Livings; destroy their /Ufefolnefs,,' and beggar their /'. Families, for the fake, of good Company. fJ Some of the Non-Conformifts quitted their Stations Some of -. in the Church before the 24th of Auguft, as Mr. Baxter^"' ?«*>•- and others, who did it with an Intent to let all the ~M\rfb"r Ll~ nifters over England know their Refolution beforehand;. \^J.^S Others about London, preached their Farewel Sermons Life, the Sunday before Bartholomew Day ; feveral of which-Part II, were afterwards collected into a Volume, and printedP- 384- with their Effigies in the Title Page ; as the Reverend Dr. Manton, Eates,-Jacomb, Calamy, MatthdMead, and others. 'jThe like was done in feveral Counties of England ; 'and fuch a paflionate Zealforthe Welfare of their Peopler ran through their Sermons as diffolved their Audiences into Tears-.ij ' ; . . ' ¦ -om for the Employment of more. Hands, ufthsyo were to be had;. "d- --'^< --'¦;. : - '' ri" '* '" . =.¦ ¦ fheir At the Reformation from Popery by Queen Eliza- Eardfhips fretfc there were1 not above two hundred deprived of g1hanthe ^xx livings ;i befides, they 'were treated with, great p"apifis at Mildnefs, and- had fome Allowances out of the Church, the .Rs/w? whereas thefe were treated with -thf; utmoft. Severity, nation, being caft entirely upon' Providence tobeg:or ftarve, or get their Bread how they could. They were driven from their Houfes, from the Society of their. Eriends ; ' and what was yet more killing, from all theb Ufeful- nefs; tho' they had merited' muih of the King, and la boured' indefatigably for his Reftoration. The former were Men of another Faith, and owned a foreign Head of the Church ; whereas thefe were of the 4amerFaith with' the eftablifhted Church, and diffe*'d only- about Rites and Ceremonies. It has been faid, Jthat greater Numbers werie ejected in the date Times upon the Foot of the Covenant ; but if this were true, it was in a Time of War, when the Civil and Religious Differen ces between the King and Parliament were fo inter mixed, that tit was Oripdffi&h2.to feparate one from the vother ; the whole NattetefcyaS. in Confufion, and; thofe that fuffered bythe Covenant- fuf&red-more for theii Loyalty, -than their Religion ; fortwhenvtfoe War was «**;-' ' 'ovef the Covenant Was relaxed,* MahdJuch as 'would live '*¦' peaceably Tetulmedi to -their vacant Cures,' or were ad mitted to others. ¦ •-»&.•;.'.«;•>-.. And than .: Befides,. -the - Ingratitude- :$£'¦ the-' High Churchmei theLoy- yp^n this -Occafion Ought, to be taken- Notice of rji'/oftbe1*- Who ~caji'an%er:.for.tlW(-ViC!lePi£e and Injuftice o a-vittrardi - ' * -' • '-' Action Chap. VI. *f;tfei Pp R i T A N.s. 37 1 «* Avftions in § Civil, War (feys a Djvipe ofjthe Chujreh King " of ..England?) Thofe Sufferings were in a Time:of CharlesII. *« general Calamity,-: but thefe were ejefted, not only in J^^,^ " a Time of Peace, but a Time of Joy to all theconf. " Land, and after an Aft of Oblivion, when All pre- Plea, " tended, to. be, reconciled and made Friends, and to,^r ^on" " whofe common Rejoicings thefe suffering ^snifters 12,13". " had* contributed --their earneft Prayers; and grea^jgn- " deavours." Another Divine of the fanie Church writes, " I muft own, : that fo my Judgment, however " both Skfe& have been excesfively.to: blame, yet that " the Severities ufed bythe Church to the Diffenters " are lefs exaifable;tl^.n,thofetufed by the; Diffenters tp "the» Church. rtfy Reafon is, that-the former were- <-- *f ufed in Times. of Peace^and a fettled; Government;' ',' whereas thp latter w*i|e inflicted in a Time of Tu- f mult and CorrfufiOn ;~fo that the plunderings and ra-- *' vagingsifndurediby the ChwcbMi%iM¥$-> *Yefe owing y- (many- of them at leaft) to -thes Rudjenefs qf the Sol-1 «' diersiii and the Chances of War ; .they .\5*ere,plunder'd " not becaufe they.ywergc.^nformifts, but-, Cavaliers, tfi and.of^he-. King's ^arfcy^,- -The Avowing of the fie- ", quefter'd Ministers; a^S&h.Part of thctir- Livings was- * a Chriftian! Aft, and^-whatf, I comfefsi j^foould have " been glad to have feen j inaitat$d at ...the-. Reftos-ation. <' But so;Mercy was to be, fhown to, thefe unhappy V Sufferers^tho' it was impoffible on, a^.fudden to fill *hu,p the, Gap that was made by their Removal" , Bifoop .Burnet feys; ;, The;old- Clergy, .now much en- Difficulty rkhed,. were.-defpifed,..buj;.the,young Clergy thaLcame^^ from the Univerfity did good Service* But tho'all^;^" the Stripling? m: both Univerfities were employed, a -great many poor Livings, , in the Country had no In cumbents for a confiderable Time.., The Author of The five Groans ofi the Church) a yery. ftrift Confor- mift, complains with great -Warmth, of .above;three thoufand Miniftergiadmitted into the Church, ,who were unfit to teach becaufe. of their Youth. ; qf fifteen hun dred debauched- Men ordained ; ,of the Ordination of B b 2 many 37£ &>e> HI S tfb#Y VoMV. ^'?i- rfia&y- illiterate -MetH ofi one "thoufand three (hundred CharlesII. jf0j,jy two factious -Minifters a, Httle before, ordained; s^-y-C. aftdthat of twelveJthoufand< Church Livings, orlhere- -abbuts, three thoufand or more being impropriate; and four thoufand one hundred Jfixty five fine Cures,, there " dfi Was but a poor Remamder lfft;fot'apainfuPand?hOneft ..,,;' .cMihiftry,-,:- ¦'-.- - '¦'-¦ % - Compari- " - Such were the Spoils of Uniformity!- And -though /&» J*- j^jr> 'Eachard- &ys, * there was.'more Senfe '^hd'Tonnd old and Doftrihe preached in one twelve t Months1 after the nemi FfefbyteriarfMinifters were- turned out, than inmigh Prwc^w. twenty "Teats before ; yet another- Church -Writer, who Conf. knew' them better, calls the. young Clergy '".fidrid Plea, ""and gentile Preachers, ; of ¦ a more romahtyk'than i«apre'f. " true tnaje'ftick andrdivint» Stile, who 4ie^led-;-and andp. 53." captivated1- People at firft, but did little. Service to "the Souls of Men, and-iu procefsqf Time hadTewef 'J Admirers an3-Frierfds' thah; at firft -— — " He adds, " That in the1 Tate Times they all fpake" the ¦feme ts- Things, and carried on the fame- Work,- -which was V ' the .Inftruotion, Conversion, Confolation, and Edi* " fication of Souls, not biting one another, ' nor jgrudg- " ing at one another. I hever'heard (fays -lie)-im many' "hundreds' of Sermons, Diversities of Opihiqns'-eithef v: fet ^up^y1 fome, or pulle~d '¦> down by others ; we 'fhearcl: indeed' that fome- -were • Independant s\ others' «• ' Presbyterians f and others EpiJcopalihat'we heard " no fuch Things from the Pulpits. Some -Men think • "•'^^v" that the Preaching of thofe- Days was rrfeesFanati- *'" cifm, blefiirrg. the Ufurpatiqn, railing againft- Bi-; "fliOps," of deifying Calvin with an Infallibility ; but ?' Calvin, was preached no farther than Chrift fpake in f him: ; - Non Calvinum fied Cbr-iftum< pnafllcwkant" "-- The Truth of this Obfervation wlll^ttppeais forther, by mentioning the Names of foment thofe Minifters; whofe -Learning: and Piety* were. univerfally acknOw^ ledged; ' and who wefe capable of preaching arKfewri^ tiwg a$vgoOd: Senfe, and to as good- Pur-pofe, 'as- any of their-SacCcSffS-s'V'-as.'-Dr/G/V/w, Bates? ~Marrton\ «•***• Chap: VI. of tip Pii r i ta ^ s. 373 comb^ Owen, Goodwin, Collins, . Conant, Grew, Bur- ^'"S gefis?and Annefiy ; ;Mr,v Bowles, Baxter -^ CJarkjon,Ch^f1L Woodbridge, Newcomen, Calamy, Jutkjfin, Pool, Ca- J-dl^, ryii. Charnock, Gouge, Jenkins, Gale', Corbet, Cra- ' d them 'tijgj: lfi< neither can nor will promote their ev<|rfefting Inte*. i-\i refts." Upon the Whole, tho'. I, do not apprejiepcj' that all the ejefted Minifters were 'equally ieansedtJigi j pus, and deferving, yet upon a calqv and feda,te Yiiew of Things I can't help concluding, ,thaf in ctjie ^Main they were -a Body, of as eminent &oifejfor's for Truth and Liberty as this or any other $ ation nas produced, , IVtany complied with the Terms^of Conformity, not The Con, becaufe they liked them, but for the Sake of their Fa- ditionof milies,-: or becaufe, they were uhwiljipg ,to be buried mct^ri- Silence, as Bifoop Reynolds, Wilkitns, Hopkins, Eo-Wr let*; & fome had good Eftates of their 6wh, and -ethers married great Fortunes ": But what is, this' to the Church or Legiflature, who^ would have depriVedthem bf thefe- Retreats if it had been'tin their Power ? The liifhop addif^Therejor^we^lfl to' charge- tht 'Church v* -ivith-Peffiecution,; when the Laws werefiiade by the fA- Civil- Government with- a View '¦ to the ' JPeace ] and '"¦'Safety of the State, - rplfer'-thtin' io any Ubnour or ^ -Intereft- oj the Church." Irfee'ms therefore trie Load of Perfecution muft lie wholly upon the Legiflature : But had the Bifhops and other Churchmen no hand in 'this Affair ? Did they not pufo the'Cfvii Government Upon thefeElxtremities, anclnot ohly^cppcur, butprpfecute the Pehkl^Laws with, unrelenting Rigor diroughout the greateft Part of this Reign ? The Church and State' are faid to be ,fo! blended together as to make biit one Con ftitution, and the Penal Law^afe foifted from brie to the other tiH they- are quifejoft^' whereas in reality both 'are criminal • But the Church ean't be charg'd with Perjecittion, becaufe it makes "no Laws ; nor Can'.p^e Ci vil Government be charged* with it, becaufe it: makes them not againft Confeience, "but with a View; fo the Safety of the State ; with fuch idle Sophifms are Men to beamufed, when 'tis to cover" a Reproach ! K Dr.mtds Dr. Bates fays, " they [the Minifters j fell a Sacri- Jccount. ti ^ ^ the ^rath, and Revenge of the old Clergy, for Mr m'^ anc* £o tfte fervile Compliance of the young Gentry Eaxter. " with the Court, and their'Diftafte of ferious Religi- f ' on. That this is no raffi Imputation upon the ru-r *' ling Clergy is evident (fays the Doctor) not only *'- from their Concurrence in paffing thefe Laws (for ?• Aftipns Chap. VI. of. the . P perifoed, if private Collections 'in London, and'i^ " other Places of the Country, had not been made Tor K.ciwon. their^ubfiftence. Bifhop Burnet fays, they caft them -p. 83 8. felves on the Providence of God, and the Charity ofp. 192. Friends, the Legiflature -not allowing them fo much as the , Fifths. The Reverend' and PiouS? Mr. Thomas, Gouge, late of St. Sepulchresf was their Advocate, who with two or three of his Brethren, made frequent Ap* plication to feveral worthy Citizens, of whom they're,. ceived , confiderable Sums of Money for fome Years, till that. Charity was diverted into another Channel j but neverthelefs, " many hundreds of them {according Mr. Bax- " to Mr.dBoxler) with their Wives and Children hadterV A(" " neither Houfe nor Bread ; the People they left were"""'' *{ not able to relieve them, hof durft they if they had " been able, becaufe ifr would have been called a " Maintenance of Schifm Or Faction, Many of the *r' Ministers beihg afraid to lay down their Miniftry *' after they had been of emitted to it, preached to fuch *' as would hear them,; in Fields and private Houfes, '* tjll they were1 apprehended and caft into Goals, " where many of them perifoed — - The People .**> were no lefs divided, fome conformed, and others *' were driven to a greater Diftance from the Church, ',*' and refolved to abide by their faithful Paftors at all " Events ;'; They murmured at the Government, and B b 4 " called 3 76" The H 1 5lT£HfeY a < V'olil Vs xri: Kipg. "., called the Bifhops and, Conforming. Clergy -cruel . C^'f£fJ " P.erfecutors ; - for which; ..and- for their frequenting c^vtn,1 :fl< "tne 'private^Affemblies of their Minifters; they were " fined and imprifoned,7citl .many Families -left their '* native Country^ and fcfiti^iiia the Plantations." Other Xhe Prefbyterian Minifters,.. tho? Men of Gravity, Accounts, and far advanped in Years, were, rallied in thdi Pulpits under the opprobious Names of ¦Schifinuticks and Fa- tiaticks; they were expofed/ in .the. Play-Houfe> and Part IV. infulted by.theMob, infomuchahat they "were", obliged p- 4?- to lay afide their Flabits; auchwalkin Difguife.^Sacfar. "af?. Magiftrates^were put into Commiffion as executed - " the Penal Laws with/Severity. Xnfci-mer&wereen-> ? '\t " couraged/.aud rewarded. It-isihnpqffible (fays the ,V 'f. Conjormift jpfea jor}the NonXcnformift) >m relate . ,, "¦ ,"- the Number of the Sufferings; both of MsriifJers and: . '" People ;, the : great Trials;; ;;wkh Hardtfoipaiupon " their Perfofis, . Eftates, , .apdv Fttmilies^ by. uhcom- 1'. fortable' Separations, , Difperfiohsr Unfet^emehts and. i'. Removes.;" JDifgraces, Reproaches, Impriftihments,\,~ "chargeable Journies, Expences tin Law; 'f. tedious " .Sickneffes, and incurable ^Difeafes ending in- Death ; ',' great Difquietments , and Frights to the Wives and ;r " Families^ and- their.doieful Effefts upon them u " Their Congregations had enough to do, ibefwiesfa :>\ " fmall Maintenance, to help them out of \Prifonsy* ; " or maintain them th^re,... Tho' they were as frugal ?' as poffible they could hardly live ; fome'livedr.on^ ^ little more than brown Bjieadf.and^afer;. jrnahy ". had' but' eight ^or ten Pounds a Year to. maintain a f Family, fo that a Piece.of . Flefh has not m>8& to. " one of their Tables in fiber Weeks Time; their Al- <¦' lowdnCe.copId fcarce afford them Bread and .Cheefe;.- ": One went to Plow fix, Days and preached on the " Lord's Day. .. Another. ,wa§, forced to-cut Tobacco . Ibid. « for a Livelihood The zealous Justices; of Peace Part IV. « knew the Calamities of the -ftfinifters, - when they P- 43- « ifTbecl. out Warrants: upon; fome' of the He^crem be*- " caufe of, the Poverty of the Preachers. Out of Re- " fpeft Chap. VI. of the. P u \K\ f A k'-s." r 377 «* fpeft ;to the: Wc&th' and'Modisfty of foine oftthetii King <¦' (fays my Author)'! forbear theirrNames." ^'Upon^g1- thefe Foundations; and; with thefe CirGumftanceSy -was'^^—^.^, the prefent Conftitution of the Churofv-'of England re ftored. I fhall make:no further Remarks upon it, but freely leave it to the Cenfure of the1 -Reader/' '' -.:il , Among Jthei Prefbyterian Divines that died this-j?"^^ Year was Mr.Jtbn Ley,M.A. botnat-Warwick, Feb^d^^ o£ ) 1583; and educated- in Chrift Chhrdh;- -Oxfiord,. where Vol. II, r he took the Degteestih Arts, and was: prefented to thep. 190. Living of Great Budw&rth in CMJhirr: ' Hewas^after-:. wards Prebendary of Chefter, arirFSubdeair, and: Clerk? of the Convocation once or twice: • ¦ In the YearVi 641 . he tqok;:part with the.'Parliament, was' one of the Af fembly of Divines^' Chairman of the Committee ffbr' ExaminutionfJofi'Minifters, arid Prefident of SimMald: lege. .-.In the Year i 645. he fucceeded Dr. Hyde1, in the ricrhoParfonage of Bright-well, r:Beris. Iii. 16513* he" wis. one of the 'Tryers, and 2.1 -length, obtained tht Rectory,' of Golyhull, in ComdW-drwrbut having, bro ken a Vein by over-ftrafning himfelf in foeakin-g, 'ihe refigned' his Living, : and retired tb Sutton 'Colfield, • .3 where he died,* May 16; x66£, inrthe Seventy nfotB . .:, Year of his Age. He was a very learned Perfortv- weil read in the Fathers and Councils, a popular Preacher,- a pious. and devout Chriftian, and one of thel main Pillars .(fays Mti'.'Wood) of the Prefbyterian Gaofe. .*,n.;. Mr. Henry Jeanes, M. A. was. born.' in SomerfetJEi'ie.Of Mr. about the'Year p6ii. and educated in 'New. /^7andleanes' afterwards in Hart Hall, Oxon, where he took the' Det greestin Arts, and enter'd into Holy Orders. He was an admired Preacher in the Univerfity,-rand.-wasvqusek,. ly preferr'd to the Rectory of Beercrocomb, and the Vi carage of Kingfion in.Somerfietjhire, In the Year ,1641. he clofed with the Parliament; and Became Rector of Chedjey near Bridgewater. Here he took into his Fa mily feveral young Perfons, and 'instructed them in the liberal Arts and Sciences ; he was a moft excellent Phi- lofopher, a noted Metaphyfician, and well verted in Pole- 37% The 1MSTD&Y, VoLIVv King Polemical Divinity.. With = all . thefe Qualifica#nfr ,6rJe2sII'(fays Mr. Wood) : he. was a Contemner of the World, W^-n^ Generous, Free-hearted, Jolly, Witty, and Facetious. He writ many ^Books; and. died in the City of Mfells a little before the fetal Day of St.. Bartholomew, and was buried in the Cathedral Church there. Mtatis 52. ,ji Of Dr. :,Dr. Humphrey Chambers was born in Somerfietjhife, Cham- an(j educated in Univerfity CollegBi X>mn-. - In the Yea? bcrs* 1623/ he was. made Reftor of Clover ton -m Soimrfet- jhirei but was afterwards fileneed, by ;hj« Diocefan;, JBir fhop Piers, for preaching, up the Morality of the Sab.'' bath, ) and imprifoned for two Yearsi r He.^was jpnp,of ¦ the Affembly rof Divines. In the Year %&$%.. he: was created D. D, and had the rich Rectory of Peujejh given him by the Earl of Pembrook. _. After the King's. R& ftofation he kept his;Living till the very Day the .Aft of Uniformity took .Place, when having preached his Farewel Sermon on Pfial. cxxvi. ',6. he went home, fell fick and died, and ;was buried in ftjs Church at Reufiey, Sept. 8, without the Service of the Church, which had juft then taken -Phced-Au - v,(,-fi Of Mr. Mr. Simeon Afib was. educated in Emanuel College, ,Afh. Cambridge, His'ikft Employment, in the Churchi was in Siaffordjhire, where, he contracted an Acquaintance withe the moft eminent Puritans.. He was difplaeed from hid Living fop refufing t© read .the Book of Sports, and not conforming to the CetemPTtiies of the Ghurdi. After fome Time he got Liberty to, preach . in an <- exempt Church at Wroxhall, under the Protection 6f Sit John Burgoign ; and elfewhere, under the Lord Brook, in Warwickjhire. Upon the Breaking, out of the Civil War he became. Chaplain to the Earl of Mam fhefter^ 'and had a cotfderable-'Part in the Cambridge Vifitation. After the King's Death he vigorOufly op* pofed the nevfr Commonwealth, 'ansMeclaimed pub lickly againft the Engagement.- He was concerned in all the Defigns for bringing in the King, and went with other London Divines to congratulate his Majefty at Breda. He was a Chriftian of Primitive Sim» plicity, CftfajJ.VI. of fhk' Pu r ita if s. "379 plicity, and a Non-Conformift of the old Stamp, be- Kwg ing eminently fipJere, 'tharitabjle, > holy, and of &Cha.il&lL chearful Spirit. He had a good paternal Eftate, and ^df^^j was very hofpitabfe, his Houfe. being much frequented by his Brethren, by whom he .wa§ highly efteemed. He died in art advanced Age on the very Evening be fore Bartholomew Day, in a chearful and firm Expecta tion of a future Happinefs. ' '" !^: - „< . ¦•• '' •Mr. Edward Bowles, Mi A. "born' iot 3. and edu- 'Of Mr. cated in Katherine Hall, Cambridge, sirfder Dr.' S:Mes Edward aftd Dr. Brownrigge. He was firft Chaplain to the20^** Earl of Manchefte r, and upon, the Reduction of York to the Parliament fettled in that City. ^He wasa wife arid prudent Man;, having a clear 'Head and a; warm Heart ; ah excellent Scholar, and an ufeful Preacher. He attended "Lord Fairfax when General Monk pafs'd thro* 'Yorkjhire, and prefented an Addrefs to the General for a Free Parliament. He was Very zealous and active in ir.-.»i'^'d&bfoKT-';did: •^f ->-. v, '^-ud'^cJH-A-P. VJIV ¦¦¦¦~y-S: :-.'^yto. v-;*£'k '- ddbdiJiAw*.."'- »n l ;.ri ».«•-¦ ¦*£$ them, they might thank th^emfej^es;->^>eeaufe- their. ' Ma nagers had .proteft^v^air4b[»pj^u4ing,..the -P- '93- j^^ipg^^w^ucht^e Court and-'Parliament were fet ^gainftthem, -were-, Jor fettling in Holland with their j^Jkiift^^^- -..and's^ers propofed :JYew England;. bat Jfk. ^agiftg^^af; ^ Meeting, at\ the Earl of Br-iftel's .^oufe,^gtqe^ to 4p; whatever they could to keep.-the jNpn-Cprformifts ,inj£»^/^«4^nd buoy, them up- with Hopes of^a Toleratipn. mKuV&3v'v> .o.^j. . '1 dd •'¦-'" Of the The Kong was a concealed icowrfMoCatholick, and King and had Swarms of thofe Creatures about his Perfon and Court. Court, who had fought for his Father in the Wars, or been civil to him in his Exile.4- their Defign was to in troduce a Toleration of their .'Religion, by the Royal Indulgence, iu common wkhotheHiDiflenters from the Eftablifhment;. and the King-was^fo'&r in their Mea- fures» that he declared«;.Ppenly,,-^r>w'K'oat/ilg"i'ue Liberty to All or None. The Court, was therefore content that the Act of Uniformity fhould pafs in the fevereft Terms, on purpofe to make the Number oj Diffenters ¦: £. more Chap^VlI. of the P v it it a N s. 381 flidre confiderable ; and When this wa$t objected, it was King , replied, The more-Dijjenters the better, becaufe it will CharlesII. make a Toleration more neceffaryj in which the Pa- \2Xr>j pifts. will have a( Share. : { The Papifts had two' Mftxints from which they 'never departed.;', one, was, fo keep Burnet. themfelves united, and promote a general Toleration, or a -general Projecution. The other, To: divide the Proteftants as rniiclf as pojjible ' among th'emjelves. For this Reafon the1 Sword was' put into the Hands*' of !fuch' Magistrates as would inflame the Differences, and ex- afperatfe their Spirits one againft, the other: Nor Were" there wanting fome hot-headed young Clergy- men;i who run greedily into the Snare, and became the Tools of Popery and. arbitrary PbWer, till the'Pfbte- ftant Religion was expiring, and muft inevitably have been Ipft, if it. hadnot been fefeued almoft by' a Miracle. 'With -a like View the; La^vs againft Pro phanenefs and Immorality were relaxed, Mens Moral's were neglected, Interludes, Masquerades, pfomifc'u- ous Dancing, prophane Swearings Drunkerinefs, and an'urtiverfal Diffolution of Mariners,- was connived at, and the very -Pfarhe of Godlinefs became a- Re- The Parliament being made up of a mercenary Set Of the of ' Penfioners went J into all the' Court Meafures, -ahdParlia' made more Penal Laws for Religion, than, it may be,*"'"'' all the Parliaments put together fince the Reforrnation. They preffed the Act of Uniformity with unrelenting Rigour, and enforced it with1 fo many other Penal Laws, that under their Wings Popery grew to foch a Heights to threaten the Extirpation of the Northern Herefiy. At length many of the -Members being dead, and others :grown Fat with the Spoils of the Publick, they would have retrieved their Errors, ahcP diftin- guifhed between Protefiant N on-Con jor mifis and Po- piftrRecuJants, but ir was too late ; and the King ha- vinigfound Ways and Means to live without Parlia ments, 'refolved to. abide by his Handing Maxim, to give Eafie'-to all Diffenters er to none. "¦'-> 'Tis 38a The UI S TORY VoUVV Ki«s 'Tis impoffible to exoafe the Clergy from their S^iarf Q^Mi-in the Troubles of this Reign, if the Convocation of \^f!dj 16S2. in their Review , of the Liturgy, had made any. Of tie Amendments for the. Relief of the Prefbyteriaiw,, they Clergy, would undoubtedly have paffed both Houfes of Par^ liament, and healed in fome Measure the Divifions. of' the Church ; but they were full of Revenge, and not only promoted the enacting fuch Laws as might put it out of the Power' of the - Prefbyterians to hurt, them* for the future;, but affifted in putting them in Execution. None had a greater Share in inflaming the Minds of thePeople, and in founding the Trumpet to Perfecution. But here the Reader muft diftinguifh between thofe furious Zealots, who from RefentrjJients, or other private Views*, fet themfelves to enGonrageanci promote all the Methods of Oppreffion and Tyranny; and thofe, who though they complied with the Times, were for an Accommodation -with the Proteftant Non- Conformifts upon moderate Terms, - '7 . - The Bi- The Bifhops were generally of the former Sort ;, $"$*' thef were old and peevifo, fond of their perfecufing Principles, and1 fearful of every Thing that tendedtp relieve the Prefbyterians. They went with Zeal into all the fkvifh Doftrinesef the Prerogative, and voted with the Court in every Thing, they required ; nay, they pufhed them forward to execute the' Penal Laws againft the Prefbyterians with unrekntinglligQar.. But even fome of thefe Bifhops, who had been very zealous , 80 throw the Prefbyterians out of the;-ChuPch, after wards grew more temperate ; Dr. Lftney, Bifhop of Peterborough, wfip made a great Buttle in the .Savoy Conference, was willing afterwards to wipe his Ha^ds of the dirty Work, and (to ufe -his own ExprejGGon) could look through his Fingers, asd fuffer a worthy Non-Cpnformift to preach publickly near him for. Years together Bifliop Saun-derfim had a Roll of Non-Conformift Minifters under his angry Eye,rde- figned for Difcipline, but when he was near his End he ordered the Roll to be burnt* and faid,. He would die ChapoVH. of'tjhe Puritans. 383 die in "Peace *ff— A#d rrtoft remarkable .. ip the Pj$age King hi the laft Will and.Teftament of D^fC-efins^0iS^oo CharlesII. dLiDwkaWi a. 2£ak?us Enemy of the-) Prefbyterians, J^Xj and who had met with ill Ufage in the late Times, v ,— — " I take it to be my Duty (fays he) and that of , , " all the Bifoops and Minifters of the Church,, to do " our utmoft Endeavour, that at laft an End may be « put to the Differences of Religion, or at feaft) that V they may be leffen'd." Such was the different: (Temper of this learned Prelate in the Vigour of Life, ,^he inferior Clergy, The Infi- who were divided a few Yc^aj^gjisfo into thofe of the"0'' Cier" Cofirt and the Country ; ths.JoEJlW were of an angry^ h .fepeEftitious Spirit, and faftjfipre! zealous for a few in- church. different Ceremonies, thaijj f$p the Peace of the Church, or its more important Articles ; their Sermons were Milled with the Reyerenqef.due to their Holy Mother, t with the, facred Dignity of their own indelible Chara- ? fters, with the flavifo Doctrines of Paffive-Obedience and Non-Refiftance, and with the moft bitter Raille- •< ry and Invectives againft the poor routed Prefbyterians ; they encouraged the enacting fevere Laws, and carried , xhtm Into Execution as long as their Superiors would .^peOTJfc- .without any Regard to Mercy or Merit ; but 20fiBfcflKijiftl®'Or no Care, by their Doctrine or Example, V]:j> (ngfljflfoe Morals of the People,, which were foamefully yjiicgiefted throughout the Nation. The Clergy of this ir "Character were. by far the more numerous for twenty li Years after the Reftoration ; the Tide of Church Pre ferments ran in this ChanjjfJa and their Doctrines were the moft fafhionable. .ttmM- ./niftry >-,-¦¦/, aisni ' The 3&4 Theldisfokt: V&l.W; King. The Cs«»#ry-Cler^y Were of a c^iiite different' Spirit j Charfesir.they - were zealous. Ptdteftantv and true Chirfchnien* \lir\rLj ^ut more difpofed &' ah Accorrirhbdation with Prbte- J^l^fhant Diffenters than with Papifts !¦' Among thefe were Church, the Tillot Jons, Stilling fleets, Whitchcots, Wilkins, Gttd* worths,1' Sec: 'Men of the firft- •Rfcftik for Learning, Sobriety arid Virtue ; they were the rnoft eminent •Preachers of the- Age," whofe Sermons - and Writings did Honour to the Church of England, and fupported its Character in the Worft of Times. They lamented ' the Corruptions and Vices of the' People, and ftpod in the (Sap againft an Inundation of Popery and Tyranny ; but 'their Numbers ^ere fmall, becaufe the Road' to Preferiheht -lay anodier ; Way : But when the High Church " Clergy had~;betra'yed" the'-'ltiberties' of; their Country,' and -the- Proteftant Religion, into the Ftafids of the Papifts, thefe appeared boldly in their Defence, '^difarmed theif Adverfaries-,' and fared the Nation. "Remarks./ -When therefore wre fpeak of the furious Proceedings f of the Bifhops arid'Clergy, it muft not be underftood .> of the whole Body, but only of thofe who were Tools of a' corrupt Court arid Miniftry, and who out -of Ig norance^ or other 'private- and perfonal Motives -'Went blindfold into all' their deftruftive Meafures: Tf the ¦RfcMeVwill keep in mind thefe general- Remarks, he wiltfrtoreeafily account for all the' Springs of publick Actions" throughout the Courfe of this Reign, efpecial- ly thofe'which relate to the Church and Diffenters, and readily difcovef to whofe Account; die Severities againft therri ought to be -placed. ' ¦"¦>¦ "¦¦' '¦ 5 Bijhop -'.u ;Bifhop Burnet, in his Book againft 'the Author of BumetV parliamenlmn Pacificum, has the following remark- Rmai -s. ay6 pafrage- : "It is well known, that thofe who were " fecretly Papifts, and difguifed their Religion,' J*a$ the " King himfelf did, animated the" chief Men' of the ¦*' Church to carry the Points of Uniformity -as high as " possible ¦¦ That there might' be many Non-Con- " formifts, and great Occafion for a Toleration, under «' which Popery might creep in ; for if the King's De- J " claration Chap. VII. of -the Puritans. 385 .«f, claratioa from. Bredp .had took place, of two thou- JGng ." fend Msnifters' {hat. were turned our, above feven- ChiirlesII. ," teen. hundred had flay'd in ; iut the Practices of the ^fi^Xj " Papifts had too great an Influence on die Church- ^"^ " men, whofe Spirits were too much fower'd by their " ill Ufage during the War ; nor were they without " Succefs on the Diffenters, who were fecretly encou- ," raged to ftand. put, and were told, that the King's « Temper and Principles, ..and the Confideration oj " Trade, would certainly procure them a Toleration. " Thus they tamper'd with both Parties ; Liberty of " Confeience was their Profeffion, but when arSeflion .." of Parliament came, , and, the King wanted, Money, .".. then a new fevere Lawjagainft the Diffenters was of- " feredto the angry Men of the. Church Party as the i " Price of it ; and this feldom failed to have its Ef- «J feet;, fo that they were like the Jewels of the " Crown, pawned when the King needed Money, but " redeemed at the next Prorogation." , ., . The fame Prelate obferves in another Performance, ^ That the firft. Spirit of Severity was heighten'd by ' " the Practices of the Papifts — That; many Church- " men who underftood not. the Principles, of human ". Society, and the Rules of the Englijh Government, '.' writ feveral .extravagant Treatifes about ftiefiMea- «' Jures oj .Su-bmiffton ; . that the Diffenters .were put «' to great Hardfhips in. many Parts, of England,,?' But concludes, .that " Fie muft,. have the Brow pfia Jesuit ".. that can. caft fhjs wholly upon the Church of England " and jree the Court oj it. Upon the whole Matter '^ (fays his Lordfhip )tit,is .evident, that the Paffipns and 'H Infirmities of fome, of the Church of England being '1 unhappily .stirred up by the. Diffenters, they were ",-fijitally conducted by the, Popifh P"arty,to'be.theJp- " ftruments of doing a gtea't deal of Mifchief." But to go on with the Hiftory : Three Days after Nonconf. the Act ot Uniformity took "Place the filenced- Mini- j3'^ ft^s, prefer-ted a Petition to his Majefty for a Tolera-J^a/" tion, by the Hands of Dr. Manton, Dr. Bates, andK Qhr. Vol. IV. C c Mr.P.'7s3.' 3§6 The HISTORY, Vol.IV. King Mr; Calamy, to this Effect ; that ¦" having had for- Chja^IL " mer Experience of his Majefty's Clemency and In- cj-y^, ", ¦ dulgence, fome of the London Minifters, who, are " like to be deprived of all future Ufefulnefs by the " late Act of Uniformity, humbly1 caft themfelves at " his Majefty's Feet, defiring him of his princely " Wifdom to take fome effectual Courfe, that they " may be continued in their Miniftry, to teach his " People Obedience. to God and his Majefty; and " they doubt not but by their dutiful and peaceable " Behaviour, they fhall render themfelves nofi.alt.oge- "¦ ther unworthy of fo great a Favour." The Matter being debated next Day in Council, his Majefty gave K. Chron. hiS- Opinion for an- Indulgence if it was feafible. Others ^'Jf0' were for Conniving at the more eminent ,, Divines, and putting Curates into their. Churches to read the Service, till they foould die off: This was the Opinion of the Earl of Manchefter, who urged it with a -.great deal of Zeal; but Lord, Clarendon was for the ftrift Execu- Parker'j tion of the Law; "Surely (fays he) there cannot be Hift- « too intent a Care in Kings and Princes to preferve P i9' ". and maintain all decent Fomis and Ceremonies both "in -Church and State, which keeps up the Reverence ",- due to Religion, as well as the. Duty and Dignity " due to the Government and the Majefty of Kings." Burnet, Bifoop Sheldon was,- of- the fame Side, and declared, p. 192. That if the Act was fufpended lie could not maintain his Epifcopal Authority ; that this would render the Legiflature ridiculous, and be the Occafion of endlefs Distractions. England is accuftomed to obey Laws (fays he'; fo that while weftajid on that Ground we are fafe ; And to anfwer all Objections, he undertook to fill the vacant Pulpits more to the, People's Satisfaction than before. By fuch Arguments, delivered with great Earneftnels and Zeal, they prevailed ; with the Counci to let the Law take Place for the prefent. , King's Ik- Neverthelefs, about .four Months after his Majeft) daratwn blifhed a Declaration to all his loving Subjects, b) jadJrexce. Advice of -his Privy . Council, dated December 26 1662 Ghap.VII. t5/^PuRiTANS. 387 1662. in which, after reciting thofe Words of his De-: .King claration from Breda, relating to his giving Liberty toChadesII< tender Confciences, and his Readinefs to confent to an ^J^, Aft of Parliament for that Purpofe, his Majefty adds, " As all thefe Things are . frefh in our Memory, fo " are we ftill firm in the Refolution of performing " them to the full. But k muft not • bqLwojider'd at, " fince that Parliament to which thofe Promifes were « made, never thought fit to offer us ah Aft to that " Purpofe, that we being Jo zealous as we are [and by " the Grace ej God Jhall ever be) jor the Maintenance " of the true Proteftant Religion, fhould give its Efta- " blifoment the Precedency before Matters of Indul- " gence to Diffenters from it ; but that being done, " we ate glad to renew to all our Subjefts concerned " in thofe Promifes of Indulgence this Affurance. " That as for what concerns the Penalties upon thofe, " who ( living peaceably ) do not conform to the " Church of England through Scruple, or Tender- " nets of mifguided Confeience, but modeftly, and " without Scandal, perform their Devotions in their " own Way, we fhall make it our fpecial Care, as far " as in us lies, without invading the Freedom of Par- " liament, to incline their Wifdom at the-next ap- " . proaching Seffions, to concur with us in making '" fome Aft for that Purpofe, as may enable us to ex- " ercife with a more univerfal Satisfaftion, that Pow- " er oj difipenfing which we conceive to be inherent in " us ; nor can we doubt of their chearful co-operating " with us in a Thing wherein We conce ive our felves " fo far engaged both in Honour, and in what we " owe to the Peace of our Dominions, which wepro- " fefs we can never think fecure whilft there foall be a " Colour left to difaffefted Perfons to inflame the " Minds of fo many Multitudes upon the Score of " Confeience, with defpair of ever obtaining any Ef- " feet of our Promifes for their Eafe." His Majefty then proceeds to obviate the Objection of his favouring Papifts ; and after having avowed to C c 2 the *3&8 -"^HISTORY : Vol.IV. K"'g the World, the due Senfe he had of their ' having der- Chi$£IL ferved well from his Royal' Father, and from himfelf, J^^/and even from the Proteftant /Religion, in adhering to them' with their Lives and Fortunes, for the Main tenance of their Crown in the Religion eftablifhed, he declares, that " it is hot in his Intention tp'exclude " them from all Benefit from fuch an Aft of Induf ¦" gence, but that they are nor to expect an open To- " leratipn ; but refers the Manner to the" approaching " Seffions/ of Parliament, which he doubts not will " concur with him in the Performance of ' his -Promi- " fes ^— " He concludes, "'", with hoping that all his "" Subjects, with Minds happily tompofed by his Cle- " mency," and Indulgence (inftead "of taking up " Thoughts of defefting their Profeffions, or 'tranf- " planting) will" apply themfelves comfortably, . and '" with redoubled Induftry, to their feveral Vocations, '", in fucli manner as the" private: Intereft of every One " in particular may encourage him to contribute chear- 'V fully to the general Profperity. "", " Given' at our Court, at Whitehall, this aothofDi?- '""" cember^.in the 1 4 th Year of our. Reign."' '^ported This Declaration was" thought to be. framed at So- h/hisMajtmerfet Houfe, where the Queen-Modief kept Court, rpccch to without "die "Knowledge, of Lord Clarendon or Biihpp \':.1 a„'f Sheldon y and according to Burnet was the Result of a Bumct ' Council of Papifts atthe,,Earl of Brifiol's (who were un- p. 193'. 'der-a/h Oath of Secrecy) and of the King himfelf. It tis modestly expreffed ; and tho' it carries in it a Claim '"of die difpenfing Power, and of good Will .to Popery, "yet it refers all to. the Parliament. Accordingly his Maje- '"fty, in his Speech at the'Opening the next Seffions, Feb. ~zS. fupported his Declaration in the following Words, ''d That tlio' he was in his Nature an Enemy to all Seve- *'v rityiri Religion, lie would hot have.them, infer from " thence, that he" meant to favour Popery, tho' feveral ""¦" of tht(£ Profeffion, who had ferved him and his Father ''<' well, -'might juftly claim a Share in that Indulgence, ' J ^' he ii Chap. VII. of the Pu r itans. %[_r i( he would willingly afford. to other Diffenters ; not; .King that I intend them to hold any Places in the Govern- ¦Cha!''e£lIr ment (fays his Majefty) for I will not yeild to any, f^f^ no not to the Bifiiops- themfelves,.. in my Zeal for the. ** Proteftant Religion,, and my liking the Acl of Unir " formity ; and yet if the Diffenters will behave theni- " felves peaceably and mpdeftly. under the Govern^ " ment, / could heartily w'ijh I had fuch '.a Power ofi " Indulgence _ to ufie. upon .all Occafions, as might not " needlejly jorce them out oj the Kingdom, or fiaying " here, give them caufe t$. con jpire againft the Peace of " it." This was the first open Claim, of a dijpcnfing Rower, which the Reader will obferve -did npt propofe a Law for Liberty ofi Confeience,- but 'that his Majefty mighthave a legal Power of "Indulgence veiled iff him felf, wjiich'he might ufe or recal as he" thought fit. This alarmed the Houfe of Cpmmons, who voted the Thanks of the Houfe for his Majefty's Refolution to maintain the Aft of Uniformity ; but that it was the, Opinion" of the Houfe, that 'no, Indulgence be granted to Diffenters from it ; and ah Addrefs was , appointed tb b- drawn up, and prefented to his Majefty, with the following Reafons : We. have considered (fay they) your ,Majefty*s^Wf of . the C, om- " Declaration from Breda, and are of Opinion, that " it was not a Promije, but a gracious Declaration^^ it " to comply with the Advice of your Parliament, Rapin, " whereas pp.. fuch Advice has .-been given. They p. 316, " who pretend a Right to the fuppofed Promife, put " die Right info the Hands of their Representatives, " who haye paft the Aft pf Uniformity- — If any " foall fay, a Right to the Benefit of the Declaration " ftill remains, it tends to djifolve the very Bond pjf " Gpvernment, and to fuppofe a Difabifity in the " whole Legiflature, to make a Law contrary to yoijr- " Majefty's Declaration — We have alfo confidered " the Nature of the Indulgence propofed, and are of il Opinion — 1. That it will eftabfifh Schifm by a <' Law, and make the Cenfures of the. Church of no C c 3 " Corw 390 She HISTORY Vol IV. King ««•¦ Cbnfideration —'%'. That iris unbecoming the Wif- Cha*sII"f'(t doiri of Parliament to pafs a Law in one Seffibh for V^-y^, "Uniformity, and in ahtfther SefFion to pafs a Law to " fruftrate or weaken it, tlfe1 Reafons continuing the u fame — 3. That it will expofe yOur' Majefty to the " reftlefs Importunities of'evety Sect who foall diffent " from the eftablifhed Church ^4. That it wil'Fen- " create Sectaries, which will weaken the Proteftant " Profeffion,*' and be troublefome to the Government ; " and iff Time fome prevalent' Sect may contend for *fi an Eftablifhment which may end in' Popery " 5. That it is unprecedented, and rhay take away , " the Means of 'convicting Recufants — 6. That the "' Indulgence p'ropofed .will not tend to the Peace, but " fo' the Disturbance of the Kingdom ; the beft Way '^therefore to "produce a fettled Peace is topreflvigo- Xi ro'ufly the, A ft ,bf Uniformity." Remarks. ' The Reader will judge of the Force of thefe Reafohs, which, in my Opinion, would juftify the fevereft Perfe cution in the' World ; However the King was convinced witK a Sum ; of Money, and therefore made no other Re ply, but that' he had been ill underftood. The Houfe then addreffed him to pu{ the Laws, in Execution againft Papifts; arid a Proclamation was iffued out for that Purpofe, but little regarded. However, this Oppofi tion to the King and the Rmari Catholicks, by Lord Clarendon, and his Friends in the Houfe of Commons, laid the Foundation of his Impeachment the fieXt Year, p, 25$. and of his Ruin" fome Time after. Bifliop Kennet ad mits, That the* King Was' inclined to a general Indul gence, " but whether it was from his good Nature, '" or a fecret'Inclination to introduce Popery,- is not very Eachard, " decent to determine ; " but both he and Eachard are p. 806. cf Opinion, " That the King's Clemency harden'd the " Diffenters againft the Church ; whereas, if they had " loft all Dependance on a Court Intereft, and had " found the King and his Miniftry intent Upon the " ftrift Execution of the Act of Uniformity, moft of *' them (fey theyj'would at this Juncture have con- "fi formed.'-1 Chap: VII. of the Ptjri tan s. 39 r "formed." A notorious Mistake ! the, contrary to King which will be evident to a Demonftratiou throughout CharlesII, the Courfe, of this Reign. The Conformity of honeft J^ti^, Men does not depend upon the Will, but theUnder- " Handing and Judgment ; and 'tis very ungenerous at this Time a Day to impeach Men's Integrity, who underwent a long Courfe of the fevereft Triak to re tain it. Some of the ejected Prefoyterians, who wete Men Rifi of Oc- of Piety and Learning, went- as fer as they could, 'and"'/<"?a/ . made a Diftinftion, between Lay-Conformity, and. Mi- t0i"^rmi' nifterial;. they praftifedthe former, and went fome- gaxtet,f times to their Parifo Churches before or after the Exer-i,^, cite of their Miniftry in fome, private Houfes , ; and this Part II. they did, not for Intereft or Advantage, but to allP- 43 5- Appearance, for Charity and Brotherly Love. Herer.°^P1- was the Rife of Occafipnal Conformity, practifed byZf^d^ Dr, Bates, Mr- Baxter, and others, to. their Death; but this, inftead of being well taken, was the Occa fion of bringing fome of them' into Trouble ; for Mr. The Rev. Calamy, late Minifter, of Aldermanbury, being at his^yCaIa" Parifo Church December ,28., the Preacher happen'd toN^" te' difappoint them; upon. which, at the Importunity of the Parifoioners, Mr, Calamy went up into the Pulpit and- preached a Sermon upon Eli's Concern for the Ark ofi God; a Subjeft much upon their Thoughts at that Time : But this was fo highly refented at Court that he was fent to Newgate next Weejk for Sedition, in breaking the King's Laws. It was done in 2V;-c- Calamy, rem* fays my Author, but there was fuch a Clamour VoL u among the People, and fuch a Refort.of Perfons ofp' Quality to the Prifoner, that his Majefty thought fit to rekafe him in a few Days, which not being .done by Courfe of Law, the Commons refented it, and pre fented an Addrefs, that the Laws for the future .might have their free Courfe. This difpleafed the .King,, who was willing to fupport his Prerogative, and fiiew. fome Favour to the Prefoyterians, that he might cover' the " 'a-- Papifts } but Lord Clarendon, who was their imp I ' C c 4 cable 433 392, The HISTORY Vbl.IV. King cable Enemy; and at the Head > of that Party which ^x^fh contrived their Ruin, oppofed the Court Meafores, '--l-J-d and encouraged his Friends in both Houfes toabiderby ' Rapin, the Laws. , ^d - elr- • • • - """ p- 3'2> . The following Summer there, was^a ! frefo Difeourfe 3J3- of Liberty for the filenced Minifters; and the Court i' 1663. were fp far jp jhe Defign as -to encourage them to peti- !Lham tion for a general Toleration, infinuating this to be the*"' North, only way of Relief, and that the- Legiflature would go on to encreafe their Burdens, and lay them in. Gaols till, they, complied. Thedfndependants went up to - Court, to fpeak for themfelves, but the Presbyterians Baxter'* refuted, ; upon which Mr. .Baxter. -.fays, the Indepen- Life, dant Brethren thought it long of them that they miffed Part II. Df their intended Liberty. 3The Court being >difplea- VAf^°' fed. Lord Clarendon and his Friend's took the Oppor tunity to ftirthem up againft die -Non-Conformifts, by fathering upon them fome new Plots' againft the Go vernment. There was faid to be a Confpiracy in the North among the Republicans and Separatifts, to re ftore the Long Parliament, and put Lambert and Lud low at, their Head, tho' the former was fout up in Pri- fon in a remote Ifland, and the other in Banifhment. There had been fome unadvifed andangry Converfetion among the meaner Sort of People of republican Prin ciples, but, it was not pretended that- any Gentlemen of Character, much lets that the Body of the Eiiglifh Non- Conformifts, were acquainted with it ; however, about twenty were, tried and condemned at York and Leeds, and feveral e^eeutedi Some very mean Perfons were tried at tjie Old Baily for a Branch of the feme Defign, as Tongue, Philips, Stubbes, Hind, rSellars,- and Gibbes : They were not tried feparately, ¦ but fet at the Bar together, and condemned in the Lump. It was K. Chr. pretended that the Fifth Monarchy Men,. Anabaptifts, p. 840, Independants, and fome Quakers, were > confenting to 84«- fome defperate Defigns, but the Authors were never a™/' difcovered ; however, four of thefe pretended Confpi- p J ':_ ' rators were executed, who confeffed at the Place of p. 310. - Exeaw Chap.VlIi of the P v k i tan s. 393 Execution, that they had heard fome treafonable Expref- King fions in Coiripany, but denied to the laft that they were CJiarlesII. acquainted with any Confpiracy againft the King ; arid v^4l* whoever reads their Trials will be enclined to think, that it was a Defign of thofe who were at the Head of Affairs, to enframe the Populace againft the Noh-Con- formifts,' in order to bring them under greater Seve rities/! .:.uc: An. Aft was paffed this Summer for the Relief of A3 for fiuch Per Jons as by ,'Sicknejs, or other Impediments, were R'tief of dijakixdfromfubjcribing the Declaration in the^Acl.oj-1'"!'.' Uniformity^ and Explanation of the faid Acl. The Pr earn -xZJ^is ble fets forth, " That divers Perfons of eminent Loyalty, x £ar jj " and known: Affection to the Liturgy of the Church chap. 6, * " of England, were out' of the Kingdom ;• and others, " by reafon of Sicknefs, Difability of Body, of other- tf wife, could riot fubfcribe within the Time limited, " and were therefore difabled, and ipfio jaclo deprived " of 'their Prebendaries, or other Livings, therefore "' further Timeis-given them to the Feaft of the Na- " tivity oj our Lord next enfuing -, or if out of Eng- " land, forty Days after their Return :" Which foews, that the Time Unfitted by the Act of Uniformity 'was not sufficient. : The Journal of the Houfe of Lords men tions a Claufe inferred by their Lordfhips, explaining the Subjcription and Declaration fo relate only fo Prad blice^ and Obedience lo the Law, which paffed the Upper Houfe, tho' feveral Lords protefted againft it, as deftruftive to the Church of England, but none of the Bifhops ; however, when it came down to'\he Commons, the Claufe was rejected, and the Lords did notthink fit to infift upon it. While the Parliament were relieving the Loyalifts 1664.' they encreafed- the Burdens of the Non-Conformifts, Com/en- for, taking: Advantage of the late pretended Plots, they tide Aa- paffed an Aft for jupprejfmg l Jeditious Conventicles V^Car'ir' the Preamble to which having fet forth, that the Sefta- ap' *" ries, under Pretence of tender Confciences, at their Meetings had contrived- Infurreftionss the Aft de clares 39* The HISTORY 'Vol.IV. Ki»S dares the 35th of Queen Elizabeth to be in full force, °u*j*^' which condemns all Perfons refufing peremptorily to sJ^Xu come to Church, after- Conviction, to Baoifoment, and in cafe of Return, to Death, without Benefit of Clergy. It enafts further,. " That; if any Perfon " above the Age. of fixteen, after the firft of july^. " 1664. fhall be prefent at any Meeting, undec Co- " lour or Pretence of any Exercife of Religion, in " other manner than is allowed by; the Liturgy or " Practice of the Church of England, where foall be " five or more Perfons than the HoufhokV foall for " the firft Offence differ three Months: Imprisonment, "upon Record made upon Oath underthe Hand J and «« Seal of a Juftice of Peace; or pay- a Sum not ex- " ceeding five Pounds; for. the fecond Offence fix " Months Imprifonment, or ten Pounds.; and for the sc third Offence the Offender to be banifhed to. fome " of the American Plantations for feven Years, or pay " one hundred Pounds, excepting New England and *' Virginia; and in cafe they return, or make their " Efcape, fuch Perfons are to be adjudged Felons, " and suffer Death without Benefit of Clergy. She^- " riffs, or Juftices of Peace, or others commissioned " by diem, are empowered to diffolve, diffipate, and *' break up all unlawful Conventicles, and to take in- *' to Cuftody fuch of their Number as they think fit. ** They who fuffer fuch Conventicles; in their Houfes or " Barns are liable to the fame Forfeitures as other Offen- " ders. The Profecution is to be within three Months. " Married Women taken at , Conventicles are to be " imprifoned for twelve Months, unlets their Huf- " bands pay forty Shillings for their Redemption. *' This Aft to continue in force for three- Years after " the next Seffion of Parliament." SmJ Con- This was a terrible Scourge upon the Laity, put into p-quences of fa Hands of a fingle Juftice of Peace, without the ittoMid'~ Verdict of a Jury, the Oath of the Informer being people" fufficient' The Defign of the Parliament (fays- Rapin) was to drive them to Defpair, and to force them into real Chap. VII. of the PxiRi tax s. 395 real Crimes againft the Government. By virtue of J% this Aft the Gaols in the feveral Counties were quickly CharlesIL filled with diffenting Proteftants, while the Papifts ^^^ had the good i Fortune to be covered under the Wing ^*^ Of the Prerogativei ' Some of the Minifters who went to Church in Sermon Time, were difturbed for preach ing to a few of their vParifhioners after the publick Service was over ; their Houfes were broke open, and their Hearers taken into Cuftody ; Warrants were iffu ed out for. levying- twenty Pounds on the Minifter, twenty Pounds upon the Houfe, and five Shillings up on each Hearer. If the Money was not immediately paid there was a Seizure of their Effects, the , Goods and Wares were taken out of the -Shops; and in the Country, Cattle were driven away ""and fold for half the Value. If the Seizure did not anfwer the Fine the Minifter and People were hurried to Prifon, and put Under clofe Confinement for three or fix Months. The Trade of an Injormer began to be very gainful, by the Encouragement of the Spiritual Courts. At every Quarter Seffions feveral were fined for net coming to Church, and others excommunicated ; nay, fome have'been fentenced- to abjure the Realm', and fined in a Sum much larger than all they were worth in the World. .-Before the Conventicle Aft tbok place the People Their eau~- were couragious, and exhorted theirMinifters t03p'reach'"»i Con- till they went to Prifon-, but when it came home torfaa?* themfelves, and they had been once in Gaol, they be- axKfd gan to be more cautious, and confulted among them felves, how to avoid the Edge ' of the Law in the beft manner they could; for this Purpofe their Affemblies werefrequentiy held arMidnight; and in the moft pri vate Places ; and yet, notwithftanding all their Caution, they were frequently difturbed ; but 'tis remarkable, that under all their Hardfhips they never -made the leaft Rcsfiftance, but went quietiy aiohg with the Sol diers or Officers, when they could not fly from them. The Diftrefs. of fo many Families made fome confine them- 3$6 TV HI STORY ivYpflV. King themfelves within their, own Houfes, fome remove to Char^sIIthe plantations, and others have recourfe to Occajwnal \J^Jd^ Conjormity, to avoid the Penalty for not coming to "" Church ; but the Independants, Anabaptifts, and Qua kers, declined the Practice, for they faid, If Persecu tion was the Mark; of a falfe" Church, it must, be abfo- lutely unlawful to join, with One that was fo notorioufly 'guilty. " _ _ -. ^,, Sufferings Indeed the Quakers gloried in their. Sufferings, and »/"^Qua-Were.fo,refplute as to affemble openly ajt the Bull and kers- Mouth near Alderjgate, from whence ther Soldiers and Sewel, Qf|ier officers, drag'd them tp Prifon," till'. Newgate P' 445' was ^ filled, 'and Multitudes died by j clofe Confine ment in the feveral Gaols. The Account- publifhed about this Time, fays, there were fix hundred of them in Prifon, merely jor Religion Jake, of whom feveral were banifhed to the Plantations. Sometimes the Qua kers met and continued fijent, upon which it was(que- ftioned, whether fuch an.Affembly^was a Conventicle for Religious Exercife ; and when fome were tried for; it in order to Banifhment, they were acquitted of the Banifhment, and canie off with a Fine, which they feldom paid, and were therefore continued in JPrifon. In fhort, the Quakers about London gave foch full Employment to the Informers that they had lefs lev- fore to attend the Meetings of oth^r, Diffenters. And So great 'was the Severity of thefe Times, and the Others, arbitrary Proceedings pfthe Juftices, thai; many were afraid, to pray in their Families, if above four of -their" Acquaintance who came only to vifit them were pre fent. Some ferupled afking a Bleffing on their Meat, if five Strangers befides the Family were at, Table. In London, where the Ffoufes join, it was thought the Law might be evaded if the People were in feveral Houfes, and heard the, 'Minifter through a Window or Hole, in the Wall j but it, feems this was over- ruled, the Determination being (as has been obferved) in the Breaft of a fingle mercenary Juftice of Peace. And while cpnfeientiou^ People, were tht|s oppreffed, the com-, Chap. VII. of the Puritans. 397 common People gave themfelves up to Drunkennefs, King prophane Swearing, Gariiing, Lewdnefs, and all CharlesII. kinds of Debauchery, which brought down the Judg- \^jhj ments of Heaven upon the Nation. ^^ The firft general Calamity that befel the Kingdom, War -witi was a War with the Dutch, which the King enter'd/^ Dutch. into this Winter, by the Instigation of the young 'French Monarch, Lewis XIV. who being grown rich by a long Peace, "fought for ; an Opportunity to make new Conquefts in the Spanijh Flanders ; for this Pur pofe he engaged the maritime Powers in a War, that by weakening each others Hands they might not be at leifure to affift the Spaniards Whom he intended to afiault. The Englijh made Complaints of the En croachments of the Dutch upon their, Trade, and In dignities offered to his Majefty's Subjefts in India, Africa, and elfewhere ; the French promoted thefe Mifuhderftandings, and profrtifed to fupply the King with what Sums of Money he wanted ; till at length War was proclaimed Feb. 22. 1664-65. in the Courfe of which fundry bloody Engagements happened at Sea ; the two Nations were drained of their Blood and Treafure, arid' the ' Proteftant Intereft almoft ruined, while the French did little more than look on. The WTar continued' about' two Years and a half, and then endc^d with Ho mariner of Advantage to either Nation. 'The next1" Judgment which "befel the Nation was 1665. the rndK 'drfs.dfuf Plague that had been known within^' the'Memory of "Man.' This was preceded by an un- Plaiue- ufual Drought"; the Meadows were parched and burnt up like" the Highways, infomuch that there, was no Food for the Cattle, which occafioned firft a' Murrain among them," "arid then a general Contagion among Mankind, which encreafed in the City and Suburbs of London till eight' or ten Thoufand died in", a Week. The richer Inhabitants' fled into the remoter Counties ; but the Calamities of thofe who flay'd behind, and of the poorer Sort, are not to be expreffed. Trade was at a full ftand ; ill Commerce between London and the 1 Country 393 The BISTORT. Vol.IV. King Country was entirely cut off; no body would receive Gh^?sI1, their Wares. Nay, the Country Houfe- Keepers and ^JLJ^ Farmers durft not entertain their City Friends or Re lations till they had performed Quarantine in the Fields or Out-Houfes. If a Stranger paffed through the Neighbourhood they fled from him as an Enemy. In London the Shops and Houfes were quite fhut up, and many of them marked with a red Crofs, and an In- " fcription over the 'Door, Lord have Mercy upon us I Grafs grew in the Streets; and every Night the Bell- Man went his Rounds with a Cart, crying, Bring out your Dead. From London the Plague fpread into thi? neighbouring Towns and Villages, and continued near three Quarters of a Year, till it had fwept away almoft one hundred thoufand of the Inhabitants. Ejefiled Some few of the eftablifhed Clergy, with a commend- Mtni-fte"t0 able Zeal, ventured to continue in their Stations, and t reach preach to their Parifoioners throughout the Courfe of the publickly. Plague, as Dr. Walker, Dn Horton, Dr. Meriton, and a Baxter'* few others ; but moft of them fled, anddeferted their Pa- d-ife, rifoes at a Time when their Affiftance was moft wanted ; Part III. Up0n j-his fome of the ejefted Minifters Ventured to preach in the vacant Pulpits, ¦ imagining that fo extraordinary a Cafe would juftify their Difregard to the Penal Laws. The Minifters who ventur'd on this Undertaking were the Reverend Mr. Thomas Vincent, Mr. Chefter, Mr. Janeway, Mr. Turner, Grimes, Franklin, and others. The Face of Death, and the Arrows that fled among the People in Darknefs at Noon-Day, awakened both Preachers and Hearers : Many who were at Church one Day were thrown into their Graves the next ; the Cry of great Numbers Was, What ftoall we do to be fia ved ? - Such an awful Time England never faw ! hri'nls ^Ut ll w'^ amaze aH Pofterity, that in a Time both them under of War and of the Plague, and when the Non-Confor- further mift Minifters were hazarding their Lives in the Ser- H(i>d/hips.y\c& of the poor diftreffed Citizens of London, that1 the Baxter'* prime Minifter and his Creatures, inftead of Mourning Part III. f°r tne Nation's Sins, and meditating a Reformation p. j. of Chap.VII. of the Pvri tax s. 399 of Manners,- i-^!^» a Judgment from Heaven, and fuch a Behaviour of the ejected Minifters, fhould have foften'd the Minds of their moft cruel Enemies ; but the Prefoyterians muft be erufhed, let God or Providence fay what they will to the contrary. Bifhop Kennet and Mr. Eachard would Eachard, excufe the Miniftry, by alledging, that fome of the old?- 8z** Oli.verian Officers were lifted in the Dutch Service 5 which, if true, was nothing to the Prefbyterians, tho' Lord Clarendon did what he, could to incenfe the Parlia ment, and make them believe they were in Confedera cy with* the Enemies to the Government.- In his Ha rangue to the Houfes he fays, " their Countenances Lord Cla- " : were more erect, and more infolent fince the begin- rendonV " ing of the War than before; that they were ready, %<**/»»" " if any Misfortune had befallen the King's Fleet, ft/ ' " have brought the War into our Fields and Houfes. " The horrid Murderers of our late Royal Mafter have " been received into the moft facred Councils in Hpl- " land; and other infamous Perfons of our Nation " are admitted to a Share in the Conduct of their Af- '*•' fairs with liberal Penfions. Too many of his Maje- " fly's Subjects have been lifted in their Service for a " Maintenance — - Their Friends at home made no " doubt of dofog the Bufinefs themfelves, if they could " pitch upon a lucky Day to begin the Work If " you carefully provide for fuppreffing your Enemies «' at home, you will find your Enemies abroad more " enclined to Peace " Is it poffible that fuch a Speech could proceed from the Lips of a faithful Coun- fellor who was to afk for Money to carry on the War ? Could the Chancellor think,, that the Way to conquer abroad was to divide and opprefs the King's Subjefts at home, in the midft of a terrible Plague ? He confeffed Ib.p- 846. afterwards; that he was , moft , averfe to this War, and abhor'd it from his very Soul, and yet he makes a han dle of it to rain down- Vengeance on the Prefbyterians, who 4©o The H I S T 0 R Y Vol. IV. King who had no Concern in it ; but it happen'd to them ^hfifiSlI'as *n P°P^ Countries, when any general Calamity il^J befals the People, it is imputed to too great an Indul- *~ gence to Hereticks, and the Vengeance falls upon their Heads. Bifhop Burnet is of Opinion, that the Oxford Ail was rather owing to the Liberty the Non-Confor mifts took in their Sermons to complain of their own Hardfoips, and to lament the Vices of the Court, as the Caufes of the prefent Calamities. And if this were true, it was notwithout juft Reafon. The Ox- However, the Load was to lie on the Diffenting ford five Minifters, and therefore an Aft was brought into the **« A% Houfe to banifo them from their Friends, which had the Chap 2 R°yal Affent, Oclober 31. 1665. It was entituled, An AS to reftrain Non-Conformifts jrom inhabiting Corporations ; the Preamble to which fets. forth, "That ¦ ' divers Parfons, and others in Holy Orders, not ha- " ving fubfcribed the Aft of Uniformity, have taken " upon them to preach in unlawful Affemblies, and to " inftil the poifonous Principles of Schifm and Rebel- *' lion into the Hearts of his Majefty's Subjefts, to " the great Danger of the Church and Kingdom. " Be it therefore enacted, that all fuch Non-Confor- 7he Oath. « rnift Minifters fhall take the following Oath : / A. B. " do Jwear, that it is not lawjul upon any Pretence « whatjoever, to take Arms againft the King ; and «c that I a\ abhor that tr alter ous Pojition oj taking " Arms by hh-Authority, againft his Perjon, or againft " thoje , that are commijfioned by him, in purfiuance ej " fitch Commiffions ; and that I will not at any Time " -endeavour - any Alteration oj Government either in " Church or State. And all fuch Non-Conformift " Minifters fhall not after the. 1 qth.of March, 1665. " unlets in paffing the Road, come, or be within five " Miles of any City, Town Corporate, or Borough " that fends Burgeffes to. Parliament ; or within five " Miles of any Parifh, Town, or Place wherein they " have fince the Aft of Oblivion been Parfon, Vicar " or Lecturer, &c. or when they have preached in " any fchap.VII. of the P u iii tan s". 401 " any Coriventicle on any Pretence whatfoever, be- King *« fore they have taken and fubfcribed the abovefaid cfe^esIL " Oath before the Juftices pf Peace at their Quarter xjr^j " Seffions for the County* in open Court ; upon For- ""^^ " feiture for every fuch Offence of the Sum of Forty " Pounds, one third to the King, another third to " the Poor, and a third to him that foall foe for fo *? And it is further enacted, That fuch as fhall refute *' the Oath aforefaid fhall be incapable of teaching any " publick or private Schools, or of taking any Board- *' ers or Tablers to be taUghtror inftrufted, under pain " of Forty Pounds, to be diftributed as above. Any u two Juftices of Peace; upon Oath made before " them of any Offence committed agaihft this Aft; " are empowered to commit the Offender to Prifon " for fix Months; without Bail or Mainprize." " The Earl of Sou 'thamp ton , Lord Wharton, Afihley-, Baxter^ Dr. Earl Bifhop of Salisbury, and others, vehemently Part l1'-" oppofed this Bill, out of Compaffion to the Non-Con- \^'ntt formifts, and as it enforced ah unlawful and unjuftifi-p. 22j, able Oath, which (as the Earl of Sduth'anif ton obfer ved) No horteft Man could take ; but the Madnefs of the Times prevailed againft all Reafon and Humani ty. The Promoters Of the Aft were Lord Chancellor Clarendon, Archbifhop Sheldon, Ward Bifoop of Sa lisbury^ and their Creatures, with all that were fiecret Favourers of Popery (fays Bifoop Burnet.) It -was Baxter;; moved that the Word legally might be inferred in thep' l$* Oath, before the Word cbmmijjioned ; and that before the Words Endeavour to change the Government^ might be inferred the Word unlawfully, but all was rejected ; however, one of the Judges on the Bench declaring, that the Oath muft be fo underftood, Dr. Bates and about twenty others took it, to avoid the Imputation of Sedition \ but they had fuch a Lefture afterwards from the Bench for their Scruples, that they repented of what they had done before they went out of -Court. Some fena Mr. Howe, and about' twelve in Devonjhire, took^/'* it, and a few in Dorjetjhire, with a Declaration iUHoweV Vol. IV. D d what {,/,, 402 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. King what Senfe and with what Limitations they under- CharlesII. food it. vj-^ But the Body of Non-Conformift Minifters- refufed But the the Oath, choofing rather to leave their Habitations, Generality their Relations and Friends and all vifible Support, refiufe Wfhan deftroy the Peace of their Confciences. Thofe'' *' \^eff Minifters who had fome little Eftate or Subftance of Baxter, tncir own> retired to fome remote and obfeure Villa- Part III. ges, or fuch little Market Towns as were not Corpo- ¦ p- 4- rations, and more than five Miles from the Places Bum. where they had ' preached ; but in many Counties it was difficult to find fuch Places of Retirement, for either there were no Houfes untenanted, or they were annexed to Farms which the Minifters were not capa ble of ufing; or the People were "afraid to admit the Minifters into their Houfes left they foould be fufpeft- ed as Favourers of Non-Conformity. Some took Ad vantage of the Minifters Necessities, and raifed their Baxter'* Rents beyond what they were able to give. Great £^'TTT Numbers were thus buried in Obfcurity, but others who had neither Money nor Friends, went on Preach ing as they could, till they were fent to Prifon, think ing it more elegible to perifh in a Goal than to ftarve out of one ; efpecially when by this Means they had fome oceafional Relief from their Hearers, and Hopes that their Wives and Children might be fupported af ter their Death. Many who lay concealed in distant Places from their Flocks in the Day-time, fid thirty or forty Miles to preach to them in the Night, and re tired again before Day-light. Thefe Hardfhips tempted fome few to conform (fays Mr. Baxter) contrary to their former Judgments ; but the Body of Diffenters remained ftedfaft to their Principles, and the Church gained neither Reputation nor Numbers. The In formers were very diligent in hunting- after their Game ; and the Soldiers and Officers behaved with great Rude- nefs and Violence : When they miffed of the Minifters they went into the Barns and Out-Houfes, and fome times thruft their Swords up to the Hilts in the Hay and Part III. P- '5 Chap'. VII. of tie Puritan s. 403 and Straw, where they fuppofed they might lie con- King cealed ; they made Havock of their Goods, and terri- CharlesII.' fied the "Women and Children almoft out of their ^J^tj Lives. Thefe Methods of Cruelty reduced many Mi- ^^ nifters with their Families to the Neceffity of living upon browrf Rye Bread and Water ; but few were re duced to' publick Beggary (fays Mr. Baxter) the Pro vidence of God appearing; wonderfully for their Relief, in their greateft Extremities. But as if the Judgments of Heaven upon this Nation Names of were not heavy enough,' nor the Legiflature fufficiently Non-Con: fevere, the Bifhops muft throw their Weight into thefj"fjsd Scale; for in the very midft of the Plague, July y.^heBpsl 1665. Archbifoop Sheldon fent Orders to the feveral Courts. Bifoops of his Province to make a Return of the Comp. Names of all ejefted Non-Conformift Ministers, with^1*- _, their Places of Abode, and Manner of Life ; and the J° '{' Returns of the feveral Bifhops are ftill kept in the Lambeth Library ; the Defign of the Scrutiny was to gird the Laws clofer upon the Diffenters, and to know by what means they got their Bread ; and if this ten der-hearted Archbifhop could have had his Will, they muft have starved, or gone into foreign Countries for a Livelihood. This Year put an End to the Life of Dr. Cornelius Death ] Surges, a Divine of the Puritan Stamp educated at"fDr- Oxjord, and; Chaplain to King Charles I. He fuffered Bu/geSs much by the High Commiffion Court, but taking Part with' the Parliament he was chofen one of thofe paci- fick Divines that met at the Jerufialem Chamber to ac commodate Differences in the Church : He often preached before the Hdu'fe of Commons, and was one of the Affembly of Divines," but refufed to take the Covenant till he was fufpended. He was ejefted at the Reftoration from St. Andrews in the City of Wells in Somerjetjhire, but having laid out all his Money in Bifhops Lands, he was reduced to Poverty and Want. He appeared at the Head of the London Divines againft bringing the King to his Trial, and was efteemed a D d 2 very 404 The HISTORY Vol. IV. King verv learned and judicious Divine. He died at his ChariesII.Ho'ufe at Watfordi june l66s \J-v^/ We have already remember'd Dr. Cheynel among AndofDr. the Oxford Profeffors, a Man of great Abilities, and Cheynel. a Member of the Affembly of Divines. He quitted his Preferments in the Univerfity for refufing to take the Engagement, and was ejefted from the rich Living of Petworth at the Reftoration, but never advanced his Fortune by any of his Preferments. 'Tis reported that he was fometimes difordered in his Head, but he was perfectly recovered fome Years before his Death, which happened at his Houfe near Brighthelmftone in Sujjex, September 1665. 1666. The Vices and Immoralities of the Nation not being The fire fofficiently punifhed by the War and Plague, it pleafed ^Lon- Almighty God this Year to fuffer the City of Lon don to be laid in Afhes by a dreadful Conflagration, which began behind the Monument in Pudding-Lane, September 2. and within three or four Days confumed thirteen thoufand two hundred Dwelling-Houfes, and eighty nine Churches, among which was the Cathedral of St. Paul's; many publick Structures Schools Li braries and flately Edifices. Multitudes of People loft their Eftates, their Goods and Merchandize, and fome few their Lives ; the King the Duke of York and many of the Nobility, were Speftators of the De- folation, but had not Power to flop it, till at length it ceafed almoft as wonderfully as it began. Moorfields was filled with Houfoold Goods, and the People were forced to lie in Huts and Tents : Many Families who the laft Week were in large Circumftances, were now reduced to Beggary, and obliged to begin the World again. The Authors of this Fire were faid to be the Papifts, as appears by the Infeription upon the Monu ment. The Parliament being of this Perfuafion peti tioned the King to iffue out a Proclamation, requiring all Popifh Priefts and Jefuits to depart the Kingdom within a Month, and appointed a Committee who re ceived Evidence of fome Papifts that were feen to throw Chap. VII. of the Puritans. 405 throw Fire-Bails into Houfes, and of others who had Kh gone, and none fuffered but one Hubert a French ^y^ Man by his own Confeffion. In this general Confufion, the Churches being burnt, Produces a and many of the Parifh Minifters gone, for want of^^^" Places of Worfhip, the Non-Conformifts refolved Non- Con! again to fupply the Neceffities of the People ; and it formifts. was thought hard to hinder Men from wbrfhipping God any way they could at this Time ; fome Churches were raifed of Boards, which they called Tabernacles ; and the Diffenters fitted up large Rooms with Pulpits Seats and Galleries, for the Reception of as many as would come. Dr. Manton had his Rooms full in Co- BaxterV vent-Garden; Mr. Tho. Vincent, Mr. Doolittle, T>r.dfe, Turner, Mr. Grimes, Mr. Jenkyns, Mr. Nath. Vin-V' '9- cent, Dr. Jacomb, Mr. Wat fion, had their feparate Meetings in other Places. The Independants alfo, as Dr. Owen, Dr. Goodwin, Mr. Griffiths,.' Brooks, Ca ryl, Barker, Nye, and others, began the fame Pra- \'- ctice ; many Citizens frequented the Meetings, where the Liturgy was not read ; tho' the few Parifo Pulpits that remained were filled with very able Preachers ; as Dr. Tillotjon, Stilling fleet, Patrick, White, Gifford, Whitchcot, Horton, Meriton, &c. But none of thefe Calamities had any further Influence upon the Court Prelates, than that fhey durft not at prefent profecute the Preachers fo feverely as before. Among the Non-Conformift Minifters that died this Death of Year, were the Reverend Mr. Edmund Calamy, B. D.¥r' Ca" the ejefted Minifter of Aldermanbury, born in London, ™J{, 1600. and bred in Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; hep . was firft Chaplain to Dr. Felton, Bifoop of Ely ; and afterwards fettled at St. Edmundsbury, from whence after ten Years, he with thirty other Minifters, were driven out of the Diocefe by Bifhop Wren's Vifitation Articles and the Book of Sports. Upon the Death of Dr.Stoughton, 1639. ^e was chofen to Aldermanbury, where he foon gained a vaft Reputation, He was one D d 3 of 4o6 The HI ST QR Y Vol.1 V. King :of the Divines that met in the J*ruJalem. Chamber for ¦pharlesII.accommoja1,ing jEcclefiaftital; .Matters in the Year ^Ir^^t 'J °4 1 . He was afterwards a Member of the Affembly ^^^ at Weftminfter, and an active Man in all their Pro- r: ¦ dftedings. He was one of the moft" popular Preachers in the City, and had a great Share in bringing home the King, but foon repented his having done it with out a previous Treaty. He. refufed a Bifhoprick be- icaufe he cOtild not have it upon the Terms Of the ^King's Declaration ; and foon -after the Bart-hakmew 'Aft was put into Newgate for. Preaching an Occafion- afjSermdrf to his Parifoioriers.. He afterwards lived •pretty much retired till this Year,- when being driven my.d in a Coach thro' the Ruins of the City of London, it •'-¦-'ifo affected him,T that he went home and. never came " out of his Chamber more, but died within a Month, in the 67th Year of his Age. Ofi Mr. Mr. Arthur7jackJon,M. A. the ejected Minifter of St. Jackfon. faith's was. horn, about the Year 1593. and educated in Calamy's Cambridge. He became Minister of St. Michael's L" s" Wdodftreetdm the Year 1625. when the Peftiknce ra ged in the1. City ; and continued with his Parifh throughout the whole Courfe of the Distemper. He was fined five" hundred Pounds for refufing' to give Evidence againft Mr. Love, and committed Prifoner to. the Fleet, -where he continued feventeen Weeks. At the Reftoration he was chofen by the Provincial Affembly of London to prefent a Bible to the King at his publick Entrance. He was afterwards one of the Commiffioners of the Savoy.; and when the Uniformi- "."!" ty Aft took place, being old, he retired to a private Life, and died'with great Satisfaftion in his Non-Con formity, Aug. 5. 1665. in the Seventy fourth Year of his Age. f)r. Spur- Dr.' William Spurftow, the ejefted Minister -;0f (low. Hackney, was fometime Mafter of Katherine Halt, Cambridge, but turned out for refufing the Engage ment. He was one of the Authors of Smgttymnms, a Member of the Affembly of Divines, and afterwards one Chap. VII. of the Puritans. 407 one of die Commiffioners of the Savoy % a Man of King great Learning Flumility and Charity, and of acharlesir- chearful Converfetion ;- He lived through the Sicknefis J^I^, Year,_ but died the following in an advanced Age. *"' ^ This Year was memorable for the Fall of the great 1667. Earl of Clarendon Lord Fligh Chancellor of Eng-TheFallof land, who attended the King in his Exile,; and noont>}eEarlof his Majefty's Reftoration was made a Peer, and ad-j0^en" vanced to the high Dignity of Chancellor of England. He governed with a fovereign and abfolute Sway as prime Minifter for about two Years; but in the Year 1 663, he was impeached of High Treafon by the Earl of Briftol ; and tho" the Impeachment was dropt for want of fome Form, his Intereft at Court declined from that Time, and after the Oxjord Parliament in 1665. his Lordfhip was out of all Credit, This Sum mer the King took the Seals from him, and on the 1 2th of November Sir Edward Seymour impeached him at the Bar of the Houfe of Lords, in the Name of all the Commons of England of High Treafon, for fundry arbitrary and tyrannical Proceedings con trary to Law, by which he had acquired a greater Eftate than could be honeftly gotten in that Time — For pro curing Grants of the King's Lands to his Relations, con trary to Law — — For correfponding with Cromwel \n his Exile For advifing and effecting the Sale of Dunkirk ~ For iffuing out Quo Warranto' s to obtain great Sums of Money from the Corporations For determining Peoples Title to their Lands at the Council Table, and flopping Proceedings at Law, &c. The Earl had made himfelf obnoxious at Court Burnet, by his magisterial Air towards the King, and wasP-2S'» grown very unpopular by his new and ftately Palace jZ" at St. James's, built in a Time of War and Peftilence, which coft him fifty thoufand Pounds : Some called it Dunkirk Houfe, as being built with his Share of the Price of that Fortrefs ; and others Holland Houfe, as if he had received Money from the King's Enemies in Time of War. The King's Marriage, which pro- D d 4. ved 408 The HISTORY VoUV. King ved barren was laid to his Charge, and faid to be' CharlesII. contrive(j for tIje Advancement of his Grand-Children yjrdl^ by the Dutchefs of York. When- his Majefty enclined ^^*^ to get rid of his Queen, and if poffible to legitimate his Addreffes to Mifs Steward, the Chancellor got her married privately to the Duke of Richmond^ without the King's Knowledge, which his Majefty was told was to fecure the Succeffion of the Crown to his Family. Thefe Things together with his high Oppofition to the Roman Catholicks, and to all that were not of his Principles in Religion, procured him a great many Enemies, and ftruck him quite out of the King's Fa vour. The Earl did not think fit to abide the Storm, but withdrew to.France, leaving a Paper behind him, in which he denies almoft every Article of his Charge ; but the Parliariient voted it fcandalous, and ordered it to be burnt by the Hands of the common Hangman. December 18. his Lordfhip was banifhed the King's Dominions for Life by Aft of Parliament ; he fpent the remaining feven Years of his Life at Roan in Nor mandy, among Papifts and Prefbyterians, whom he would hardly fuffer to live in his own Country, and employed the chief of his Time in writing the Hifto- ry of the grand Rebellion, which is ia every one's Hands. Bis Cha- -j^he Earl of Clarendon was a Proteftant of Laudean Principles in Church and State, and was at the Head of all the Penal Laws againft the Non-Conformifts to ft 95' this Time. Bifoop Burnet fays, " He was a good " Chancellor, but a little tod rough ; that he meddled " too much in foreign Affairs, which he never under- *' ftood well ; that he had too much Levity in his M Wit, and did not obferve the Decorum of his Poll.'' Mr. Rapin adds, " That from him came all the " Blows aimed at the Non-Conformifts fince the Be- J' ginning of this Reign. His immoderate Paffion *' againft Prefbyterian ifm was this great Man's Foible. ?' He gloried in his Hatred of that People ; and, per- ij haps, contributed more than any other Perfon tQ " that Chap. VII. of the Vvjt it A$$l %o$ " that Excefs of Animosity which fubfifts againft them King " at this Day among the Followers of his Maxims and CharlesII. t* Principles." Mr. Eachard fays, « His Removal c^^J ^' was a great Satisfaction to the Diffenters ;" directly contrary to Mr. Baxter, f who obferves a remarkable Baxter, " Providence of God, that he who had dealt fo cruel- P^1 Iir- " ly by the Non-Conformifts fhould be banifhed by?- *°>21*. " his own Friends, while the others, whom he had '•' perfecuted, were moft moderate in his Caufe, and '-* many of them for him. It was a great Eafe thai: " befel good Men by his Fall (fays he) for his Way " was to decoy Men into Conjpiracies, or pretended " Plots, and upon thoje Rumours innocent People were " laid in Prijon, Jo that no Man knew when he was f ' Jaje ; whereas fince his Time, tho' the Laws have gy, and the Vigilance of the Non-Conformift Mini fters, contributed very much to it. Bifhop Burnet fays, " The King was highly offended at the Behavi-p- 253^ " our ; of moft of the Bifhops ; Archbifoop Sheldon2^- " and Morley, who kept clofe by Lord Clarendon, ".the great Patron of perfecuting Power, loft the " King's Favour ; the former never recovered it, and " the latter was fent from Court into his Diocefe. " When Complaint was made of fome Diforders and " , Conventicles, the King faid the Clergy were chiefly " to blame, for if they had lived well, and gone "abouttheirParifo.es, and taken Pains to convince " the Non-Conformifts, the Nation might have been '•<• well fettled, ,but they thought of nothing but to get *'¦ good Benefices, and keep a good Table." In ano ther Converfetion with the Bifoop, about the ill State of the Church, his Majefty faid, " If the Clergy had " done their Parts it had been eafy to run down the .'?. Non-Conformifts, but they will do nothing (fays AS. the King) and will have- me do every Thing ; and *' moft of them do worfe than if they did nothing. " I have a very honest Chaplain (fays he) to whom I * ' have given a Living in Suffolk, but he is a very ?' great Blockhead, and yet has brought all his Parifh ? to Church -, I can't imagine what he could fay tq " them, 412 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. King « them, for he is a very filly Fellow ; but he has been CharjesIIi^ about from Houfe to Houfe, and I fuppofe his ^^Z^*' Nonfenfe has suited their Nonfenfe ; and in reward " of his Diligence I have given him a Bifhoprick in '« Ireland." About this Time Ralph Wallis, a Cob- ler of Glouceficr, publifhed an Account of a. great Number Of fcandalous Conformift Minifters, and named their Scandals, -to the great Difpleafure of the Clergy \ P- 23. and I fear (fays {Mr. Baxter) to the Temptation of ma ny Non-Conformifts, who might be glad of;. any Thing to humble the Prelatifts. Death of /."The- Learned Dr. Lazarus Seaman, the ejefted Mi- Pr* Sea" .nifter of Allhallows Breadftreet died, this Year, of -whom we have given fome Account among. -the Cambridge Profeffors; he was educated in EmaniM College, and by his 'indefatigable Induftry gained an high Reputation in the learned World for his exact Acquaintance with the oriental Languages;- he was ,an able Divine;' an active Member of the Af fembly at Weftminfter, and was taken Notice of by King Charles I. at the Treaty of the IJle oj Wight, for his lingular Abilities in the Debates about Church Go-. vernment. He was alfo Mafter of Peter Houfie, Cam bridge, but loft all at : the ¦ Reftoration ; he underwent ftrong Pains with admirable Patience, and at length died ifi. Peace in the "Month of September, 166yd OfMr.G. Mr: George Hughes, B.-D. the ejefted Minifter of Hughes. P.limoUth, born in ¦ Southvjark, and educated in Cor pus Chrifti College in Cambridge: He was called to a Lecture in London, but was filenced for Non-Confor mity by Archbifhop Laud. After fome Time he went to Taviftock, and laft of all fettled at Plimouth, having Inftitution and Induction from Dr. Brownrigge Bi foop of Exeter, in the Year 1644. ' Here lie continu ed till the Year 1662. whence he was ejefted a Week before the Aft of Uniformity took Place. He was af terwards imprifoned in St. Nicolas Ifland, where he contracted an incurable Scurvy and Dropfy, which at length put an End to his Life, Fie was well read in the Chap. VIII. of the Tv ri tan L 4 rj the Fathers, an acute Difputant, a moft faithful Pa- King ftor to a large Flock under his Care, and a moft holy CharlesII. pious and exemplary Chriftian. He had the greateft \^J^j Intereft and Influence of any Minifter in the Weft^^r^ Country, and was offered a rich Bifhoprick at the Re ftoration, but refufed it. He was both charitable and hofpitable when it was in his Power, and died at length in a moft heavenly Manner, in the Month of July, 1 66 j. and in the Sixty fourth Year of his Age. The Reverend Mr. John Howe, his Son in Law, compofed a Latin Epitaph for him, which is inferibed on his Tomb. The Kingdom was at this Time full of Factions and 1 668. Difcontents, arifing from the late Calamities of FireUnhappy and Plague, as well as the Burden of the War. with xh&Stateofthe Dutch : Trade was at a Stand, and great Numbers of his Majefty's Subjefts were impoverifhed by the Pe nal Laws ; - but that which ftruck all confiderate Men with a Panick, was the Danger of the Proteftant Inte reft, and the Liberties of Europe, from the formidable Armies of the French, which this very Summer over run the Spanijh Flanders, and took the ftrong Towns of Charleroy, Binch, Aeth, Douay, Tournay, Aude- nard, Lijle, Courtray, Fumes, &c. which, with their Dependencies, were yielded in full Sovereignty to France by the Treaty of Aix la Chapel. The Englijh CourtTeemed unconcerned at the French Conquefts till they were awakened by the Clamours of the whole Na tion ; upon this Sir William Temple was fent into Hol land, who in a few Weeks concluded a tripple Alli ance between England, Holland, and Sweden, which ftrengthened the Proteftant Intereft while it fubfift- ed ; but the French Miftreffes and Money could dif- folve the ftrongeft Bonds. In this critical Situation of Affairs abroad, fome Projea of Attempts were made to quiet the Minds of his Maje-* Compre- fty's Proteftant Subjefts at home, for Men began ^J to think it high Time for Proteftants to put a Stop. m"e£ to the pulling down their Neighbours Floufes, when the 414 fbe HI STORY Vol.1 V. KinS the common Enemy was threathing the Deftruftion of Cia^fs}I-thetri all; therefore Lord Keeper Bridgman, Lord w^s. Chief Juftice Hales, Bifhop Wilkins, Reynolds, Dr. Burton, Tillotjon, Stilling fleet, and others, fet On foot zComprehenfion of fuch as could be brought into the Church by fome Abatements, and a Toleration for the reft. But the Project was blafted by the Court Bi-. foops, and Lord Clarendon's Friends, who took the Alarm, and raifed a mighty Out-cry of the Dan ger of the Church. No body (fay they) knows where the Demands of the Prefbyterians will end ; the Caufe of the Hierarchy will be given up if any of thofe Points are yielded, which have been fo much contested ; be fides, it is unworthy of the Church to court, or even treat with her Enemies, when there is fo little Reafon to apprehend that we fhould gain much by it. But to this it was replied, that the prodigious Increafe of Popery and Infidelity was a loud Call of" Providence, to attempt every Thing that could be done without Sin for healing our Divifions. That tho' the Non-Confor- mifts could not legally meet together to bring in their Concessions in the Name of the Body, it was well enough known what they ferupled, and what would bring moft of them into the Church. That a Compli ance in fome leffer Matters of Indifference Would be no Reproach, but an Honour to her, how much fupe- rior foever the Church might be in point of Argument and Power. Abftraa of The Propofals were drawn up by Bifhop Wilkins and the Propo-jyY^ Burton, and communicated by the Lord Keeper' to fd , Dr. Bates, Manton, and Baxter, and by them to their Life * Brethren, under the following Particulars ; Part'lII. i . That fuch Minifters who in the late Times had been p. 25 . ordained only by Prefbyters, fiiould have the Impofition of the Hands of a Bifhop, with this Form of Words, Take thou Authority lo preach the Word oj God, and adminifter the Sacraments in any Congregation oj' the Church of En g l a n d , when thou Jhalt bi lawfully appointed thereunto. 2. That Chap. VIII. of the Pvri r Arts*. 415 2. That inftead of all former Subfcriptions, after the King Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, they fubfcribe theChariesir* following Declaration : I A. R. do hereby profefs and , J^^ declare, that I approve the Doctrine, Worfhip, and Go vernment eftablifhed in the Church of England, as con taining all Things neceffary to Salvation ; and that I will not endeavour by my felf, or any other, directly or indirectly, to bring in any Doctrine contrary to that which is fo eftablifhed. And I do hereby promife, that I will continue in the Communion of the Church of England, and will not do any Thing to difturb the Peace thereof. 3, That the Gefture of Kneeling at the Sacrament, the Crofs in Baptifm, and Bowing at the Name of Je- fus, be left indifferent, or taken away. 4. That if the Liturgy and Canons be altered in fa vour of Diffenters, then every Preacher upon his Infti tution foall declare his Affent to the Lawfolnefs of the Ufe of it, and promife, that it fhall be conftantiy ufed at the Time and Place accuftomed. The Alterations propofed to be made in the Liturgy, Altera- were thefe,; jS/*'*' To read the Pfalms in the new Tranflation. jturgy. To appoint Leffons out of the Canonical Scripture Lifet inftead of the Apocrypha. p. 3+, Not to enjoin God-Fathers and God-Mothers, when either of the Parents are ready to anfwer for the Child in Baptifm. To omit that Expreffion in the Prayer, By fpiritual Regeneration. To change the Queftion, Wilt thou be baptized ? into, Wilt thou have this Child baptized ? To omit thofe Words in the Thankf- giving, To regenerate this Infant by thy Holy Spirit, and to receive him for thy Child by Adoption. And the firft Rubrick after Baptifm, It is certain by God's Word, Sec. In the Exhortation after Baptifm, inftead of, Regenerate and grafted into the Body, to fay, re ceived into the Church of Chrift. No Part of the Of fice of Baptifm to be repeated in publick when the Child has been lawfully baptized in private. To 416 The HISTORY Vol.IV: King To Omit this Paflage in the Office of Confirmation; ^-haf^fl11- Ajter the Example of thy holy Apoftlesi and to certify y^rv^j them by this Sign of thy Favour, and gracious Goodnefis towards them. And inftead of \ voucbfiafe to regene rate, read; voUchfiafe to receive int'6 thy Church by Baptifimi To omit the Expreffion in Matrimony; with my Body I thee worjhip j and that in the Collect^ Thou haft confecrated, &c. In the Vifitation of the Sick, Minifters to be allow ed to make ufe of fuch Prayers as they judge expedient. In the Burial of the Dead, inftead of, Forafimuch as it has pleajed Almighty Gtid, oj his great Mercy^ to take unto himjelj, &c. read; Forafimuch as it has fileafied Almighty God to take out oj this World the Soul, &c. Inftead of; In fure and certain Hope, to read, In a full Affurance of the Refurreblioft by our Lord Jejus Chrift. To omit the following Wordsj We give thee hearty Thanks, Jor that it has pleajed thee to deliver this our Brother out oj the Mijeries of this finjul World; and thefe other, As our Hope is this our Brother doth. In the Communion Service to change, That our fin jul Bodies may be made clean by his Body, into4 Our finful Souls and Bodies may be cleanfed by his precious Body and Bjood. The Commination not to be enjoined* The Liturgy to be abbreviated, efpecially as to the Morning Service, by omitting all the Refponfal Pray ers, from, O Lord, open thou, &c. to the Litany j and the Litany, and all the Prayers, from, Son ¦ oj God, we befeech thee, &c. to, We humbly befeech thee, O Father. The Lord's Prayer not to be enjoined mOrethan once (viz.) after the Abfolution, except after the Mi nifters Prayer before Sermon. The Gloria Patri to be ufed but once,- after reading the Pfalms. 2 The Chap.VIII. o/rft' Puritans. 417 The Venite Exultemus to be omitted, unlefs it be King , thought fit to put any, or all of the firft Seven among Charfe.sII. • the Sentences at the beginning. vJ-v-vy The Communion Service to be omitted when there are no Communion-Days, except the Ten Command ments, which may be read after the Creed ; and en joining the Prayer, Lord have Mercy upon us, and in cline our Hearts to keep thefie Laws, only once, at the End. The Collefts, Epiftles, and Gofipels, to be omitted, except on particular Holy Days; The Prayers for the Parliament to be inferred im mediately after the Prayer for the Royal Family, in this or the like Form, That it may pleaje thee to direcl and projper all the Conjultations oj the High Court oj Parliament to the Advantage oj thy Glory, the Good oj the Church, the . Sajety, Honour, and. Weljars oj our Sovereign and his Kingdoms. To omit the two Hymns in the Confecration of Bi fhops, and Ordination of Priefts. In the Catechifm, after the firft Queftion, What is thy Name ? It may follow, When was this Name gi ven thee ? After that, What was promijed jor you in Baptijm? Anfw. Three Things were promifed for me. In the Queftion before the Commandments, it may be altered thus, You faid it was promijed Jor you. To the fourteenth Question, How many Sacraments hath Chrifi ordained? The Anfwer may be,, Two only, Baptifim and the Lord's Supper. Mr. Baxter propofed further, That the Subfcription might be only to the Doctrinal Articles of the Church. That the Power of Bifhops, and their Courts, to fufpend and fitence Men, might be limited. That the baptifinai Covenant might be explicitely owned by all that come to the Sacrament. . , But it was replied, that more than what was aboyementioned would not pafs with the Parliament. Vol. IV, Ec The 4 1 3 The H I S T O R Y Vol.1 V. King The Propofals for a Toleration vf ere communicated tiarlesF - 1668. CharlesII. ^y jy[r Baxter to the Independants by Dr. Owen, and were to the following Effect. /« Indul- 1. That fuch Proteftants who could not accept of" gence fir the Propofals for a Comprehenfion might have Liberty fuch,jas \ f°r die Exercife of their Religion in publick, and to C°omp"e- l build, or to procure Places for their publick Worfhip hended. at their own Charges, either within or near Towns, as Baxter'* foall be thought moft expedient. We, 2. That the Names of all fuch Perfons who are to Part III. ywvt tnjs Liberty be regifter'd, together with the Con- 3<5.34' gregations to which they belong ; and the Names of their Teachers. 3. That every one admitted to this Liberty be dif abled from bearing any publick Office, but fhall fine for Offices of Burden. 4. Upon fhewing a Certificate of being lifted among thofe that are indulged, they fhall be freed from fuch legal Penalties as are to be ipflifted on thofe who do not frequent their Parifh Churches. 5. Such Perfons fo indulged fhall not for their meeting in Conventicles be. punifhed by Confifcation of Eftates. "d ¦'¦'• 6. Provided they pay all publick Duties to the Pa rifh where they inhabit, under penalty of 7. This Indulgence to continue three Years. They are According to thefe Heads of Agreement a Bill was quajhed ^prepared for the Parliament by Lord Chief Juftice *' I"' Hales ; but Bifhop Wilkins, an honeft open-hearted pU26o'. IvTan' having difclofed the Affair to Bifoop Ward, in hopes of his Affiftance, alarmed the Bifoops, who in ftead of promoting the Defign, confulted Meafures to defeat it ; for as foon as the Parliament met, Notice was taken that there were "Rumours without Doors, of an Act to be ¦offered for Comprehenfion and Indulgence, -upon- -which a Vote was paffed, that no Man Jhould bring fiuch an Acl into the Houfie. And to crufo the Non-Conformifts more effectually, Archbifoop Shel- ~ " don Chap. VIII. of the P u r i t A N s.' 4 1 £ don writ a circular Letter to the Bifhops of his Pro- King vince, dated June 8. to fend him a particular Ac-Cha^ir: count Of the Conventicles in their feveral Diocefes, and cJ^J1 of the Numbers that frequented them; and whether ^^ they thought they might be eafily jupprejfed by the Civil Magfflrate. When he was "provided with this Infor mation he went to the King, and obtained a Procla mation to put the Laws in Execution against the Non- Conformifts, and particularly againft the Preachers, according to the Statute of 17th King Charles II. which forbids their inhabiting Corporations. Thus the Perfecution was revived,; and the Parlia-J"d the ^ ment flill bent on Severities, appointed a Committee J'"-'*™.'"' to enquire into the Behaviour "Of the Non-Conformifts, w^. ' who reported to the Houfe, that divers Conventicles, and Other feditious Meetings, were held in their very Neighbourhood, in defiance of the Laws, and to the Danger of the Peace of the Kingdom. General Monk, Burnet; who was near his End, and funk almoft into Con-P- 98- tempt, was employed to difperfe them, and received the Thanks of the Houfe for his Zeal in that impor tant Service, wherein he was fure to meet with no Op pofition. They alfo returned his Majefty Thanks, for Gazette, his Proclamation for suppressing Conventicles, defiring N° 4r5- him to take the fame Care for the future. By thisitf,-. Bax- Means the private Meetings of the Diffenters, which ter and 0- had been held by Connivance, were broken up again. thersimp Mr. Baxter was committed to Clerkenwell Prifon, for ff "" preaching to his Neighbours in his own Houfe atp^'rn, Aclon, and for refufing the Oxjord Oath ; but uponp. 49. demanding an Habeas Corpus, his Mittimus was de clared invalid for want of naming the Witneffes. The Juftices would' have mended their Mittimus and fent him to Newgate, but Mr. Baxter being releafed wife ly kept out of the way. Mr. Taverner of Uxbridge was fentenced to Newgate for teaching a few Children at Brentjord. Mr. Button, late Univerfity Orator, was fent to Prifon for teaching two Knights Sons in his own Houfe ; and Multitudes in many Counties E e 2 had The HISTpRY Tol.IV. 420 King had the like Ufage, fuffering Imprifonmerit -for fix CI;a6r^n Months. --¦ ... ,( 1-V~^J But this was contrary to the King's Inclination, who hot agree- was only for playing the Diffenters againft the Parlia- abk n the ment for a Sum of Money ; when the Houfe therefore Kind,s.Jffiwas up,. his Majefty ordered fome of the Npn-Confor- cinatiom. ^.^ ^ ^ toj^ ^^ ^ ^^ defirous to make- them ffjtj eafy, and that if, they would petition for Relief, they Part' III. foould be favourably heard. Sir J. Barber, Secretary p- 37» 87- of State, acquainted Dr. Manton with the King's In tention, upon which an Addrefs, was drawn up and prefented to his Majefty at the Earl of Arlington's Lodgings by Dr. Jacomb, Manton, and Bates;, the King received them gracioufiy, and promifed to do his utmoft to get them comprehended within the Efta blifoment. He wifoed there had been no Bars at all, but that he was forced to comply for Peace fake, but that he would endeavour to remove them, tho' it, was a Work of difficulty. He complained of the Um brage that their numerous Affemblies gave to clamo rous People, and advifed them to ufe their Liberty with more Difcretion hereafter. When the Minifters pro mifed Obedience, and affured his Majefty of their fleady Loyalty, and conftant Prayers for the PrOfperi- ty of his Perfon and Government, he difmiffed them with a Smile, and told them, that he was againft Pcr- Je cut ion, and hoped e'er long to be able to ftand upon his own Legs. , But his Majefty's Promifes were al ways to be bought off by a Sum of Money to fupport his Pleasures. The Controverfy of the Reafonablencfs of Toleration was now warmly debated without Doors ; many ill- natured Books were writ to expofe the Doctrine of the Prefbyterians, as leading to Antinomianifm and Licen- tioufnefs of Manners. Others expofed their Characters and Manner of Preaching. , Among thefe muft be reckoned The Friendly Debate, which, the? writ by a good Man ('ays Bifliop Burnet) had an ill Effect in Iharpning People's Spirits too much againft the Dif fenters : Delates nvithout Doors. B.ixter,Part III. p. 39. The Friendly Debate. Burnet, p. '260, Chap. VIII. of the Puritans. 421 fenters : The Author was Dr. Simon Patrick, afterwards King Bifoop of Ely, but now in the Heat" of his Youth ; Cha6rlegsir- who by aggravating fome weak and unguarded Ex- Jr-yd^, preffions endeavoured, to expofe the whole Body of Non-Conformift Minifters to Contempt. But I muft do this Prelate fo much Juftice as to inform the Read er, that in his advanced Age he declared his Diffatif- faftiOn with this part of his Conduct ; for in a Debate in the Houfe of Lords about the Occafional Bill,- he faid, ".He had been -known to write againft the Dif- "; fenters with fome warmth in - his younger Years, " bur- that he had lived long enough to fee Reafon to ¦"¦ alter his Opinion of that People, and that Way of •"¦ writing.". A rare Inftance of Ingenuity and. Candor ! We fhall have occafiqh'to mention Sir Roger L'Eftrtonge hereafter. But one of the: moft virulent Writers of his Time,7 sarri. Par-' under the Form of a Clergyman, was Samuel Parker, ker W afterwards Bifoops of Oxjord, a Man of confiderable And. Mar, Learning and fatyrical Vivacity, but of no Judgment,^6 " and as little Virtue ;' and as to Religion (fays Bifliop par"^Q' Burnet) rather impious than otherwife ; but at length Andrew Marvel,, the livelieft Wit of the Age, attack'd him in a burlefque Strain; and with fo peculiar and entertaining a : Manner, that from the King down to the Tradefman, his Books were read with great Plea fure. He had all the Men of Wit on his fide, and not only humbled Parker more than the ferious and grave Writings of Dr. Owen, but filenced the whole Party ; one of whom concluded his Letter to Mr. Marvel with thefe Words, If thou dareft to print or Rehearfal publijh any Lye or Libel againft Dr. Parker, by the Tranfpro- eternal God I will cut thy Throat. Subfcribed J. G. pd> • All fober Men were of Opinion, that it was ungene-in Ti(. " - rous and cruel to treat a Number of peaceable Men, whom the Laws had put almoft out of their Protecti on," in fo ludicrous a Manner. Religion it felf fuf-Rapi", ferktby it. I remember, fays Lord Chief Juftice Hales?- *0^ that -wheri- Ben Johnjon in his Play of the Alchymft E e 3 intrq-. 422 .rThe HISTORY^ Vol. IV. King introduced AnarJUs imderifion of the Puritans, with ^ 668 ' * many of their, Phrafes taken out. of Scripture, in order ^^L-^ to render thafr People ridiculous, the Play was detefted and abhorred, becaufe it feemed to reproach Religion it felf ; .but now, when the Prefbyterians were brought upon the Stage in <$heir peculiar Habits, and.With their diftinguifoihg .Phrafes of Scripture, expofed > to' the Laughter of Spectators, it met withApplaufeandiApr probation. ... :. licentiouf-. But foch .was = the Complexion of the Court, that mf of the fay ^ £)e5ance to . Sobriety-.and Virtue, and- conti- Ct"''^" nued to give Countenance to all manner of Extrciva- Bumet gaiWe' The Play-FIoufes were become Nefts of Pro- p. 262', ftitution (feys Rumet.) and. the Stage -was defiled.be- 267. y yond Example; ..the -King, . Queen, and. Courtiers, Rapin, went about in Mafks, and came into Citizens Houfes ^' * unknown, where they danced, with a great deaf of wild Frolick,' and committed. Indecencies not to be 'V mentioned. They, .were carried; about in Hackney Chairs, and none could diftinguifh them but thofe" who were in the Secret.. .'Once the 'Queen's Chairman not knowing who, foe was, left her to; come home in a Hackney Coach, .fome fay in. a .Cart. Buckingham, who gloried in, his Debaucheries, and Wilmat Earl of Rochefter, the moft- licentious Wit of his Age, were V the principal Favourites.. To .fupport thefe- Extrava gancies the , Houfe of Commons fupplied the King with what Money he wanted, and were themfelves fo mercenary, that the PUrchafe> of every Man?s Vot&was known ; for as a. Man rofe in Credit in the Houfe he advanced his Price, and expected to be treated accord ingly. _ . v , , .MR..„V 1669. The Univerfity was no lefs corrupt, there was a ge- ¦/lndfJnL neral Licentioufnefs of Manners among the Students ; verfty. fa germons Qf fa y0urjger Divines wel'e f Ued with Encomiums upon the Church, and .Satyr, againft the Non-Conformifts; the Evangelical. Doctrines of Re pentance, Faith, Charity, and -practical Religion", were out of Fafoion. The Speeches and Panegyricks pro- Chap. VIII. of the P u ritan s. 423 pronounced by the 0* at or s and ferrae Filius, on King publick Occafions, were fcurrifous, and litde lefs than CharlesII. blafphemous; as appears by the Letter in the .Margin ,jf ^9- from Mr. Wallis to . th? Honourable Robert Boyh,^*^ Efq* ; of foe. Proceedings at the Opening of Archbifhop Sheldon's Theatre, which is copied verbatim from the Original under his own Hand. About * A Letter from Mr. Johft Wallis to the Honourable Robert Boyle, ¦ ' .,- Efq; dated from Oxford, July 17. 1669. SIR, AFTER my humble Thanks for the Honour of yours of July 3. I thought it not tyifit to give you fome Account of our late Proceedings here. , Friday, July 9., w^s the Dedication of our new Theater. In the Morning was held a Convocation in it, for entering upon , the Pofleujoji of it; wherein was read, firft the Archbifhop' s Inftrument of Donation (fealed with his Archiepifco- pal Seal) of the Theater, with all its Furniture, to the End that St. Mary's Church may not be further profaned by holding the Aft in it. Next, A Letter of his, declaring his Intention, to lay out zooal. for a Purchafe to endow it, Then a Letter of Thanks to be fent from the Univerfity to him, wherein he is acknowledged to be both our Creator and Redeemer, for having not only built a Theater for the Aft, but, which is more, delivered the bleffed Virgin from be ing fo profaned for the future : He doth (as the Words of the Let ter are) non tantum condere, . hftc eft creare, fed etiam redimere. Thefe Words (I confefs) -flopped my Mouth, fiqm giving a Placet to that Letter when it was. put to the Vote, I have fince deiired Mr. Vicechancellor to confider, whether they were not liable to a juft Exception. He did at firft excufe it ; but, upon further Thoughts, I fuppofe he wilf think n? to alter them, before the Letter be fent- and regifter'd. After the voting of this Letter, Dr. South (as Uni verfity Orator) made a long Oration ; the firft Part of which con- fifted of fatyrical Inveftives Againft Cromivel, Fanaticks, the RoyT al Society, and new Philofophy, The next of Encomiafticks ; in praife of the Archbifhop, the Theater, the Vicechancellor, the Architeft, and fhe Painter, The laft of Execrations ; againft Fa- naticks, Conventicles, Comprehenfion, and new Philofophy ; damning them ad Inferos, ad Gehennam. The Oration being ended, fome honorary Degrees were conferred, and the Convocation diffol ved. The Afternoon was fpent in panegyrick Orations, and reciting of Poems in feveral Sorts of Verfe, compofed in praife of the Arch bifhop, the Theater, &c. and crying down Fanaticks. The yvhole Action began and ended with a Noife of Trumpets ; and E e 4 twice comen. 424 The HISTORY Vol.1 V. King About this Time died the Reverend Mr. Matthew Ch**l*slL Newcomen, M. A. the ejected Minifter of Dedham in vj-y^, Ejjex ; he was educated in St. John's College, Cam- Death of bridge,, and fucceeded the famous Mr. John Rogers. Mr. New- He was a mofi accompfifhed Scholar and Chriftian, a Member of the Affembly of Divines, and together with Dr. Arrowfmith and Tuckney, drew- up their -Ca- twice was interpofed Variety of Mufick, vocal and inftrumental ; purpofely compofed for this Occafion. . On Saturday and Monday, thofe Exercifes appertaining to the Aft and Vefpers,. which were wont to be performed in St. Mary's Church, were had in the Thea ter. In which, befide the Number of proceeding Doftors' {nine- in Divinity, four in Law, five in Phyfick,. and one in MuClck) there was little extraordinary ; but only that 'the Terrae Filiits for both Days were abominably fcurrilous ; and fo fuffered to pf^oce^d., with out the leaft Check or Interruption from Vicechanceltor,',Pr6: Vice- chancellors, Proftors, Curators, or any of thofe who ~ were to 'go vern the Exercifes ; which gave fo general Offence, to all lfoneft Speftators, that 1 believe the Univerfity hath thereby Iqft more Reputation than they have gained by all the reft : All, or mojt of the Heads of Houfes, and eminent Perfons in the Univerfity, with thefr-Relations, being reprefented as a Company of Whore-Matters,1 Whores, and Dunces.' And, among the reft, the excellent Lady, which your Letter mentions, was, jn. the broadeft Language, re prefented as guilty of thofe Crimes, of which (if there were Occa fion) you would not ftick to be her Compurgator ; and (if it had been fo) fhe might (yet) have been called Whore in much more civil Language. During this Solemnity (and for fome Days before and fince) have been conftantiy afted (by the Vicechancellor's Al lowance) two Stage Plays in a Day (by thofe of the Duke of York's Houfe) at a Theater erefted for thar Purpofe at the Town-Hall ; which (for ought I hear) was much the more innocent Theater of the two. It hath been here a common Fame for divers Weeks (before, at, and fince the Aft) that the Vicechancellor had given 300/. Bond (fome fay 500/. Bond) to, the lerrae Filius, to fave them harmlefs, whatever they fhould lay, provided it were neither Blafphemy nor Tieafon. But this I take to be a Slander. A lefs Encouragement would ferve the Turn with foch Perfons. Since the Aft (to iatisfy the common Clamour) the Vicechancellor hath im- prifoned both of them ; and 'tis faid, he means to expel them. I am, Sir, Tour Honour's Very humble and affectionate Servant, John Wallis. techifm. Chap. VIII. e/^cPuRiTANs, 425 techifm. He was one of the Commiffioners of the Sa- King voy, and had many Offers of Preferment in the late Charles IL Times, but would not defert his Church at Dedham, ^J^^, fill he was turned out by the Aft of Uniformity ; after ^*^ which he retired to Holland, and became Paftor of the Englijh Church at L'eyden, where he died about this Time, univerfally lamented by the Profeffors, for his humble and pleafant Converfetion, as well as hi§4ini- verfal Learning and Piety. Mr. Jojeph Allein, the ejected' Minifter of Taunton, Of Mr. and Author of the Call to the Unconverted, was bornJofePh at the Devizes in Wiltjhire, and' educated in LincolnAilem' College, Oxon, ' He was publick Preacher in the Church of Taunton about feven Years, and was' univer fally beloved for his great Piety and Devotion. After his Ejectment he preached as he had Opportunity fix or feven Times a Week. May 16. 1663. he was committed to Ilchefter Gaol, for finging Pfelms in his own Houfe, and preaching to his Family, Others be ing prefent : Here he continued a Year, but upon his Enlargement he returned again to his Work, which he followed with unwearied Diligence. July 10. 1665. he was committed a fecond Time to Gaol with feveral other Minifters, and forty private Perfons, where he contracted fuch Distempers and Weakneffes as brought him to his Grave 'before he was Thirty fix Years of Age. He was an awakening lively Preacher, zealous and fuccefsful in his Matter's Work, and withal of a peace able and quiet Spirit. He died in the Year 1668 or 6y. The Tide in the Houfe of Commons flill run very 1670. ftrong on the Side of Perfecution, as appears by two Convent;- ' extraordinary Claufes added to the Conventicle Aft, cle_ Aa "• which having expired fome Time fince was now revi-'Vl've ' ved by the Parliament which met Oclober 19. The Court Went into it with a View of reducing the Pref byterians to the Neceffity of petitioning for a general Toleration. " If we would have opened the Door tp " let in Popery (fays Mr. Baxter) that their Tolera- Part HI. " tion might have been charged upon us, as done forp- our 426 The, HISTORY, VoI.IV, Ki»g " our fakes, and by our-. Procurement,- we might in. CharlesII. »g " %nd Chattels, and in cafe.of the Poverty of fuch Offen- CharlesII, f der„upon the Goods and Chattels of any other Perfon J^L. " or^Perfons thatihall be convicted of having beenpre- " fent at the.faid Conventicle, at the Difcretion of the " Juiliceof Peace, fo as the Sum to be levied on -any fC one Perfon, in cafe of the Poverty of others, do not ' amount to above ten Pounds for any one Meeting'; " the Conflables, Headboroughs, ci?c. are to levy' the " .feme by Warrant from, the Juftice, and to be di- " yided, one Third, for the» Ufe of the King, another 0 Third for the Poor, . and the other Third to the In- " former or hisAJfiftants, regard being had.to ' their " \&ligencei- and'Induftry in dijcov&fing, difiperfing, " -and ' .pynijhing the fiaid: Conventicles, -i The Fines up- " on Ministers for Preaching are to be levied alfo by "Diftrefs; and- in cafe of Poverty ,: upon the Goods " and; Chattels of any other prefent; and the like upon " the Houfe where' the. Conventicle is held, and the " Money to be divided as aboveji " And it is further ;enafted, That the Juftice" or " Juftices of Peace, Conftable, Headboroughs, &d. "„ maynby warranty with what Aid, Force and Affi- "' 'fiance they fhall think '.neceffary, break open, and **• enter into- any Hobfe or Place where they fhall be '';iinfcriDed of the Conventicle, and take the Perfons '*' ferafiembled into Cuftody And the Lieutenants, " or other commiffioned Officers of the Militia, may '* get together fuch Force and Affiftance as they think '* neceffary to difiolve, ' diffipate, and difperfe fuch un- " lawful Meetings, and take the Perfons into Cuftody. : , Thenibllow two extraordinary Claufes, " That if '^ addi- 'S-iany Juftice of Peace refivfe to do- his Duty in the 'rjafes "Execution of this Aft, 'he, fhall forfeit five Pounds. auJ"' " And be it further enacted, That all Claufes irt this " -Aft- jhall be canftrued moft largely and beneficially for ", the fiupprejjing Conventiclest, and jor the Juftification " '.andiEncouragemenfr'vf all Per Jons to be employed in " the Execution thereof No Warrant or Mittimus " fhall 42« The HISTORY Vol.IV. King '.:e: levied on the Goods f<- ;and Chattels .of the Hufbilnd,': provided the Profe- ". cution be within three Months."'' - Remarks.: The Wit. of -.Man could hardly invent any Thing fliort of capkal Punffhment more- cruel and .'inhuman. One would have thought fuch a merciful Prince as .King Charles II. who had often declared againft Per fecution, fhould^ not, have-. contented to it, ' and that no Chriftian Bifhops fhould.. have voted- for it. Mens .Houfes are to' be plunder'd, their Perfons imprifoned, their Goods and Chattels carried away,' and fold to thofe who would bid fori thenv "Encouragement is'-gi- ven.tp a' vile Set ofJnjormeri,: and -others, to-live up on* .the Lahour and Industry1 of their confcientious "Burnet, Neighbours. Multitudes : of rmefe fordid " Creatures p. 270. fpent their Profits in ill Houfes,. Jand upon lewd Wo men, and therf went abbiit the'Streetsa'gairti to 'hunt /or farther Prey: The Law is tb'be ponftrae&r in favour of thefe Wretches, and the Power to be lodged" in the Hand of every fingle Juftice of Peace, who is :to be fined five Pounds if he refufes his Warrant. Upornthis many horteft Men who would incJt ¦ be the Inftruments of fuch Severities left the Bench,- arid would fit there no longer. Mr. Eachard being afhampd to charge thefe Cruelties to the Influence of the Bifhops, lays» "that " this and all the Penal Laws made againft the Diffen- " tei;s were the Alls oj the Parliament, and not of the "; Church, and were macfe more on a civil and politi- " cal, than upon a moral or. religious Account; and *',¦ always upon fome frefh Provocation in Reality or ¦V Appearance." This is the Language by which the Patrons of High Church Cruelty endeavour to excufe themfelves from the Guilt of Perfecution ; but it muft fell fomewhjere; and' that it .'may not fall too heavy upon Chap. VIII. of -/^Puritan s. 429 upon the Church, it is .artfully, and with great good King Manners caft entirely upon the Legiflature, and put CharlesII. upon the Score of Sedition, whereas it was well known vj^l> the Diffenters behaved peaceably, and were very far ^*^ from disturbing the State. Nor does the Preamble to the Aft .charge them with Difloyalty, but only fays, " That for the providing fpeedy Remedies againft did " Practices of feditious Sectaries, and others, whoun- " der Pretence of tender Confciences, have or may at " their Meetings contrive Infurreftions, be it enacted^ " &c." as if it was poffible to do this in the Company of Women and Servants, who were always prefent in their Affemblies., It is therefore evident that the Aft was levell'd purely againft Liberty of Confeience in Matters of Religion, and was fofeverely executed, that (as Sir Harry Capel obferves) there was hardly a Con venticle to be heard of, all, over England. The two Houfes (feys our Church Hiftorian) were exprefs for p. 286. the Execution«of thefe Laws ; the Bifhops and Clergy were fincerely zealous in it, and the honefl Juftices and Magistrates (as he calls: them) bore the more hard up on them, becaufe they. few, them fo bold in defpifing and evading tlie Justice of the Nation. Great Numbers were profecuted on this Aft, and ma- Methods of ny induftrious Families reduced to Poverty. Many Perfidy- Minifters were confined in Gaols and clofe Prifons ; and'"*' Warrants were iffued out againft them and their Hearers, to the Amount pf -great Sums of; Money. In the Dio cefe of Salisbury the Perfecution was hottefl, by the Inftigation of Bifhop Ward ; many Hundreds being profecuted with great Industry, and driven from their. Families and Trades. The Aft was executed Baxter' j with fuch Severity in. Starling's Mayoralty that ma- W?> ny of the, trading Men in the City were removing with art their Etfefts to Holland, till ^the King put a Stop to it. Injornurs were, every where at work, and having Burnet, crept into Religious Affemblies in difguife, levied great P 27°> Sums of Money upon Minifter and People. Soldiers371 ' broke into the Houfes of honefl Farmers, under pre- 1 tcnee 430 The H I S TO R Y Vol.IV. King tenee of fearching, for Conventicles, and where, ready CharlesII. {y£onev was wanting-they plundered their Goods, drove sjf7^, away .their Cattel, .and fold them for half Price. ""' Ma- ¦^*^ ny were plunder'd of their Houfhold , Furniture ; the Sick have had their Beds taken from under them, and themfelves laid on the Floor. Should I fum up all the Particulars, and the Accounts I have received Sewel, (feys Mr. Sewel) it would make a Volume of it felf. P- 493« Thefe vile Creatures were not only encouraged, but pufhed on vehemendy by their fipiritual Guides ; for this Purpofe Archbifhop Sheldon fent another circular Letter to all the Bifhops of his Province, dated May 7. 1670. in which he directs all Ecclefiaftical Judges and Abp.Sh.tl- Officers, " to take Notice of all Non-Conformifts, doni ff" " Holders, Frequenters, Maintainers, and Abetters Bilhopt, " °f Conventicles, efpecially of the Preachers or t£c. " Teachers in them, and of the Places wherein they Calamy's " are held ; ever keeping a more watchful Eye over Abridg. n fa Cities and greater Towns, from whence the Mif- '" g ' " chief is for the moft part derived unto the leffer " Villages and Hamlets. And wherefoever they find " fuch wilful Offenders, that then with an hearty Af- " feftion to the Worfhip of God, the Honour of the " King and his Laws, and the Peace of the Church " and Kingdom, they do addrefs themfelves to. the " Civil Magifirate, Juftices, and others concerned, " imploring their Help and Affiftance for preventing *-' and suppressing the fame, according to the late Aft *' in that behalf made and fet forth — — And'now my " Lord, what the Succefs will be we muft leave to " God Almighty ; yet, my Lord, I have this Con- ** fidence under God, that if we do our Parts now at " firft ferioufly, by God's Help, and the' Affiance of " the Civil Power, confidering the ab -vdant Care and " Provijion the Act contains jor our Advantage, we " fhall in a few Months fee fo great an Alteration in " the Diffractions of thefe Times, as that the feduced " People returning from their feditious and felf-feek- " ing Teachers to the Unity of the Church, and Uni- " formity " ChapiVIII. of the Pii ritans. 431 " formity of God's Worfhip, it will be to the Glory King « of God, the Welfare of the. Church, the Praife ofChaj:lesW' " his Majefty and Government, and the Happinefs of fuffered at this Time was Dr. Manton, who was ap prehended on a Lord's Day in the Afternoon juft as he had done Sermon, the Door being opened to let a Gen tleman out the Juftice and his Attendants rufhed in and / went up Stairs ; they ftay'd till the Doftor had ended his Prayer and then writ down the Names of the prin cipal Perfons prefent, and took the Doctor's Promife to come to them at an Houfe in the Piazza's of Covent Garden, where they tender'd him the Oxford Oath, upon his Refufal of which he was committed Prifoner to the Gatehouje ; where he continued till he was re- leafed by the Indulgence. At another Time his Meet ing-Houfe in White Hart Tai d was broken up ; the Place was fined forty Pounds, and the Minifter twenty, which was, paid by Lord Wharton, who was then pre fent : They alfo took down the Names of the Hearers for the Benefit of the Juftices of Peace and Spiritual Courts. Courage of The Behaviour of the Quakers was very extraordi- the Qua- nary, and had fomething in it that looked like the kers- Spirit of Martyrdom. They met at the fame' Place Bumet, ancj jLjour as -m Times of Liberty, and when the Offi cers came to feize them none of them would ftir ; they went all together to Prifon ; they ftay'd there till they were difmiffed, for they would not petition to be fet at Liberty, nor pay the Fines fet upon them, nbr fo much as the Gaol Fees. When they were difcharged . they Chap. VIII. ff//^ Puritans. 433 they went to their Meeting-Houfe again, as before ; King and when the Doors were fliut up by Order, they af-^harlesI*' fembled in great Numbers in the Street before theijf^, Doors, faying, they would not be afhamed, nor afraid *^Y^' to difown their Meeting together in a peaceable Man ner to worfhip God ; but in Imitation of the Prophet Daniel, they would do it more publickly becaufe they were forbid. Some called this Obflinacy, others Firmnefs ; but by it they carried their Point, the Go vernment being weary of dealing with fo much Per- verfenefe. On the first of September two of thejr principal Trial of Speakers, William Pen and William Mead, were tried w™'Pen at the Old Bailey for an unlawful and tumultuous Af- y[e&& ™" fembly in the open Street, wherein they fpake or the Old preached to the People who were affembled in Grace Bailey. Church Street, to the Number of three or four hun- State Tri- dred, in contempt of the King's Laws, and to thea*' Disturbance of the Peace, The Prifpners pleaded Not Guilty, but met with fome of the fevereft Ufage that has been known in an Englifh Court of Juftice. They, were fined forty Marks a-piece for coming into Court with their Hats on, tho' it was not done out of Con tempt, but from a Principle of their Religion. It appeared by the Witneffes, that there was an AJJembly in Grace Church Street, but there was neither Riot nor Tumult, nor Force of Arms. Mr. Pen confeffed they were fo far from Recanting, or declining to vin dicate the Affembling themfelves to preach, pray, or worfhip the eternal, holy, juft God, that they decla red to all the World, they believed it to be their Duty, and that all the Powers on Earth fhould not be able to divert them from it. When it was faid, They were not arraigned for worfliipping God, but for breaking the Law, William Pen affirmed he had broken no Law, and challenged the Recorder to tell him upon what Law he was profecuted. The Recorder anfwer- ed, upon the Common Law, but could not tell where that Common Law was to be found. Pen infifted up- Vol.1V. F f on 43+ The HISTORY Vol.IV. p ^'"gtr on ^'1S Pr°ducing the Law, but the Court over-ruled i6to' m' a"d calIecl Wrn a troublefome Fellow. P Lord Clarendon's Daughter, who died a Religion. Papift, made a formal Abjuration of the Proteftant Religion at this Time before Father Simon, an Englifo Jefuit, and declared himfelf openly a Roman Catho lick ; the Reafon of which was, that the prefent Queen having no Children, the Papifts gave the Duke to underftand, that" they were capable to effeft his .Majefty's Divorce, and to fet afide his Succeffion, by providing him with another Queen, which they would certainly attempt, unlefs he would make an open Pro feffion of the Roman Catholick Religion, which he did accordingly. projeiis The Houfe of Commons was very lavifh of the Na- ef the tion's Money this Seffion, for. though there was no ^^^ Danger of an Invafion from abroad, they gave the King «77' c' Nation, infomuch that many fober and good Men, who had long feared the Growth of Popery, began to think their Eyes were open, and that they were in good earneft ; but it appeared afterwards that their chief Concern was for their Spiritual Power ; for tho' they murmured againft the Bijpenfing Power, they fell in, with all their other proceedings, which if Providence J had Chap.VIIL of the Puritans. 443 had not miraculoufly interpofed, muft have been fa^ King tal to the Proteftant Religion and the Liberties ofCha5ksI1- Europe. J^ At length the Declaration having been communjca«- ted to the French King, and received his Approbation, was publifhed, bearing Date March 15. 167 1-2. te the following Effeft : Charles Rex, " /^\UR Care and Endeavours for the Prefervation^Ke'tu " \J of the Rights and Interefls of the Church, have Dedafa} « been fofficiently manifefted to the World, by the'^/J"' " whole Courfe of our Government fince our happy fi Reftoration, and by the many and frequent Ways " of Coercion that we have ufed for reducing all erring " or diffenting Perfons, and for compqfing the unhap- " py Differences in Matters of Religion, which we " found among our Subjefts upon our Return ; but it " being evident by the fad Experience of twelve Years, " that there is very little Fruit of all thefe forcible " Courfes, We think our Jelj obliged to make uje of " that fupream Power in Ecclefiaftical Matters which " is not only inherent in us, but hath been declared and^ " recognized to be Jo, by Jeveral Statutes and Atls oj (i Parliament ; and therefore we do now accordingly " iffue this our Declaration, as well for the quieting " of our good Subjefts in thefe Points, as for inviting " Strangers in this Conjuncture to come and live un- " der us ; and for the better Encouragement of all to " a chearful following of their Trades and Callings, u from whence we hope, by the Bleffing of God, to " have many good and happy Advantages to our Go- " vernment ; as alfo for preventing for the Future the ?' Danger that might otherwife arife from private MeetT « ings and feditious Conventicles. " And in the firft Place, we declare our exprefs Re- " folution, Meaning and Intention to be, that the *' Church of England be preferved, and remain entire *' in its Poftrine, Difcipline ^nd Government as now " it 44+ 7% HISTORY Vol.IV. King « it ftahds eftablifhed by Law ; and that this be taken CharlesII. « tQ be> as jt ^ theBafis, Rule, and Standard of the lV^yi^" general and publick Worfhip of God, and that the " Orthodox conformable Clergy do receive and enjoy " the Revenues belonging thereunto, and that no Per- " fon, tho' of a different Opinion and Perfuafion, fhall " be exempt from paying his Tithes, or other Dues " whatfoever. And farther we declare, that no Per- " fon fhall be capable of holding any Benefice, Li- *' ving, or Ecclefiaftical Dignity or Preferment, of " any kind in thisl our Kingdom of England, who is *' not exaftly conformable. " We do in the next Place declare our Will and " Pleafure to be, that the Execution oj all, andall " manner oj Penal Laws in Matters Ecclefiaftical, " againft whatfioever Sort oj Non-Conjormifts or Recu- " Jants, be immediately jufpended, and they are hereby " Jujpended ; and all Judges, Judges of Affize and *' Gaol Delivery, Sheriffs, Juftices of Peace, Mayors, " Bailiffs, and other Officers whatfoever, whether " Ecclefiaftical or Civil, are to take Notice of it, and " pay due Obedience thereunto. ** And that there may be no Pretence for any of " our Subjefts to continue their illegal Meetings and ** Conventicles, we do declare, that we fhall from " Time to Time allow a fufficient Number of Places, " as they fhall be defired, in all Parts of this our " Kingdom, for the Ufe of fuch as do not conform " to the Church of England, to meet and affemble in " order to their publick Worfhip and Devotion, " which Places fhall be open and free to all Per- " fons. " But to prevent fuch Diforders and Inconvenien- « cies as may happen by this our Indulgence, if not " duly regulated ; and that they may be the better *' protefted by the Civil Magifirate, our exprejs Will " and Pleajure is, that none of our Sub j eels do prefume " to meet in any Place, until fetch Places be allowed, "¦ and the Teacher oj that Congregation be approved " by us. And Chap. VIII. of the Puritan s. 445 • " And left any fhould apprehend that this Re- King «' ftriftion fhould make our faid Allowance and Ap- CharlesII. " probation difficult to be obtained, we do farther de- v^-Z^ "dare, that this our Indulgence* as to the Allow- " ance of the publick Places of Worfhip, and Ap- " probation of the Preachers, fhall extend to all Sorts " of Non-Conformifts and Recufants, except the Recu- " Jants oj the Roman Catholick Religion, to whom " we fhall in no wife allow publick Places of Wbr- " fhip, but only indulge them their Share in the corrr- «« mon Exemption from the Penal. Laws, and the " Exercife of their Worfhip in their private Houfes " only. " And if after this our Clemency and Indulgence " any of our Subjefts fhall pretend <¦ to abufe this Li- " berty, and fhall preach feditioufly, or to the Dero- *' gation of the Doftrine, Difcipline or Government "of the Eftablifhed Church, or fhall meet in Places " not allowed by us, we do hereby give them Wam- " ing and declare, we will proceed againft them with " all imaginable Severity. And we will let them fee, " we can be as fevere to punifh fuch Offenders when " fo juftly provoked, as we are indulgent to truly " tender Confciences." Given at our Court at Whitehall this 1 $th Day of March, in the four and twentieth Year ofi our Reign. The Proteftant Non-Conformifts had no Opinion ofNon-Con-' the Difipenfing Power, and were not forward to accept form'fts of Liberty in this Way ; they were fenfible the Indul- n*J.J~t0 gence was not granted out of love to them, nor would accept it by continue any longer than it would ferve the Interefts of the Dif- Popery. " The Beginning of the Dutch War (faysP"fi"S " one of their Writers) mad* the Court think it ne-^™^/ " ceffary to grant them an Indulgence, that there partjij." " might be Peace at home while there was Warp. 99. " abroad, tho' much. to the Diffatisfaftion of thofe We.w. " who had a Hand in framing all the fevere Laws Mem. " againft P" '9°- 446 The HI STORY Vol.IV. King '' againft them." Many Pamphlets Were written ehariesII.foi\,and againft the Diffenters accepting it, becaufe it l&71- was built on the Difipenfimg Power. . Some maintain- ¦v^"Vnw'/ ed, that it was fetting up Altar againft Altar, and that they fhould accept of nothing- but a Comprehenfion: Others endeavoured to prove, that it was the Duty of the Prefbyterians to make ufe of the Liberty granted them by the King, becaufe it was their natural Right, which no legislative Power upon Earth had a Right to deprive them of, as long as they femained dutiful Subjects ; that Meeting in feparate Congregations di ftinft from the parochial Afiembiies in the prefent Circumftances was neither fchifmatical nor finfuk Wei. Accordingly moft of the Minifters, both in London Memoirs, ^^ jn the Country, took oUt Licenfes, a Copy, of P- l0z- which I have tranferibed from under the King's own Hand and Seal in the Margin'^. Great Numbers of People attended the Meetings, and a cautious and mo- derate'Addrefs of Thanks was ¦' preferred to the King for their Liberty, but all were afraid of the Confe- quences. ' It was .reported further, that the "Court encouraged the Non-Conformifts, by fome fmall Penfions of -fifty and one hundred Pounds to the chief of their Party; that Mr'dBaxter returned the Money, but that Mr. Pooldic- * Charles Rex. CHARLES by the Grace of God, King of England, Scot land, France, mi Ireland, Defender-of the. Faith, &e. To all Mayors, Bailiffs, Conftables, and others our Officers artd* Mi nifters Civil and Military, whom it may concern, Greeting. In purfuance of our Declaration of the 15 th of March, 1671-2. We do hereby permit and licenfe G. S. • of the CPn" gregational Perfuafion, to be a Teacher of the Congregation al lowed by us, in a Roorn or Rooms of his Houfe in forth! Ufe of liich as do not conform to the Church of England, who are of that Perfuafion commonly Oltlled Congregational, with further Li cenfe and Permiffion to him the faid G. S. to teach in any Place licenfed and allowed by us, according to our faid Declaration. Given at our Court at Whitehall the fecond Day of May, in the 24th Year of our Reign 1672. By his Majefty's Command, . Arlington. knowledged Chap. VIII. of the P tr r i tan s. 447 khowledged he had • received fifty Pounds for two King Years, and that the reft accepted it. '• This was report- Charleslfc ed to the Difadvantage of the Diffenters by Dr. Stil- J^I^ lingfieet, and odiers, with an Infinuation^ that it was to.Bumet, bribe them to beJHent,- and join Intereft with the Papifts %& 308. but Dr. Owen, in anfwer to this part of the Charge, in his Preface to a Book, entitled^ An Enquiry, Soi. againft Dr. Stilling fleet, declares; that " It is filch a " frontlefs malicious Lye, as Impudence it felf would " blufli at ; that however the Diffenters may be tradu- « ced, they are ready to give the highest Security that " can be of their Stability in the Proteftant Caufed " and for my felf (fays he) never any Perfon in Au- " thority, Dignity, or Power in the Nation, nor ahy «' from them, Papift or Proteftant, ' did ever fpeak or " advife with me about any Indulgence or Toleration " to be granted to Papifts, and I challenge the whole " World to prove the contrary." From this Indul gence Dr. Stilling fleet dates the Beginning of the Pref byterian Separation . : ; This Year died Dr. Edmund Staunton, the ejefted Death Minifter of Kingftort on Thames, one of the Affembly °fDr- . of Divines, and fome Time Prefident of Corpus Chri-Sma*on' fti College in Oxjord. He was Son of Sir Francis Staunton, born at Woburne in Bedford/hire, 1601. and educated in Wadham College, of which he was Fellow. Upon his taking Orders he became Minifter of Bufhjj in Hertford/hire, but changed it afterwafds for Kingftm on Thames. In 1634. he took the Degrees in Divini ty, and in 1648. was made Prefident of Corpusfdhrifti College, which he kept till he was silenced ' for Non- Conformity. He then retired to Rickmanfiworih in Hertfdrdfhire, and afterwards to a Village in that County called Bov.ingden, where he "preached as often as he had Opportunity. He was -a learned, pious,- and peaceable Divine. In his laft Sicknefs he faid; He neither feared Death nor defired Life, but was will ing to be at God's difpofal. He died July 14. '1671. and was buried in the Church belonging to the Parifh-. Mr. 448 t^HISTQRY Vol. IV. King ( •¦x\li.t„Vavajor Powel was born .in Radnorjhire, .and £harlesll. educated in Jefius College, P^,.. When he left the.Uni- ^^iZ^-verfity he; preached up and down in. Wales, , till |>eing ^fe/^M^.riven. from thence for want of Prefby ferial Ordina- Vavafor,, tion, which he ferupled, he came to London, and foon Powel. 'j^f fetd.e4at'S^/?r4iu .^^i^ Irj'fhp Year 1:646. _he.obtajried a Testimonial of, jj.is; religious .arid blame- ]lefs .Conyerfatiop,, and of his Abilities for the "Wpri^of ithe Miniftry, figned by Mr. Herle and fevenreen.of , the Affembly of Divines. Furnifhed with thefe Tefifmo- niajls, he returned to Wales, and became a moft inde fatigable and aftive Inftrument pf propagating the Gofpel in thofe Parts. There were but few, if any of. the Churches or Chapels in. Wales, in which he didl not preach ; yea, very often he preached to the poor Welch in the Mountains, ¦ at Fairs, and in Mar ket Places ; for whjch ' Ker; had, ^no more than a Stir Walgs J^fs my Author J which: im thofe ^Tirnes of Cc^fospr^tv^med but vto.Ja very/ poor Acccnifjf../ Mr. i^^i/was fa. . bold, Mail* and- of jReplifjjtcan Prin ciple wfor;he^ preached againft :'jthe ^P,r.o%cTerftdp oj Qropiw&vnd.wtip. fetters to him, ;fc^vrc f.'V -. ' -..¦<.•,:¦.-' ) * r, n " •i "if i !". i'l-:I ..-B&to*' - -.'.'¦¦,.¦ -h ->dih j ¦?!$?¦&*»¦¦•¦ GHAf- 1%'d^' • XJ- *¦ •¦' j^w- -jjfwfi the "King's Y)tc\zKaf\ox\ of ipdusgefice Jp. v.tSv^ '""." ' ^ .Popi_t^"PlQtj. '^/^ T*w ''1678.^, '" .j King rT7 HF^dErench King haying prevailed with the £#£- CharleJI, X ^ Court to break the Triple . Alliance, , and ^^J^. make War with the Dut-fh,- published a Declaration, at trie Paris, fignifying that he could not without Diminuti- French^-011 of his own Glory, any longer diffemble the Indig- dare W^ nation raifed in him, by,the unbandfome. Carriage ief r^!thtfe jthq States General offhf United .Provinces,, and. there- e-jer-run l°re proclaimed, War againft- them both by Sea.and their Land. In the Beginning-^Afrtj he drew -together an Country. Army of one hundred andjtwenty Thoufand Men, with which he took the^principal -Places in Inlanders, and with a rajS^ Fury overrrarif(the: greateft,, Parp of ,Jthe Nethffifnfis.j- In the < Beginning of Ja^ he took Pof- , , fefficj^n .. of Utncht, aXity in the Heart, of $ie~,lfnit£d i>.<.\- . . Province^, ,where>he- kept.hjs, Court, iauct.threaten'd,,to Pr.ofO- befiege rfmfierdam it felf. . ^jn this Extremity the Dutch ™n|e . opened their Sluices, and kid- a great Part, of , their der and Country unifier Water ; ' t^he. Populace rofe, ,and haying the De obliged the States tgigj^cfjthe you^ng Prince of Orange Wits ^-- Stallholder they fell upon thetwo Brothers Cornelius and dered. j0hn de Wit, theirlate Pervfiqnary ,and tpr^.thefl^ to, pieces in a fcar parous Manner. The young Prince, whcxwas then but twenty two Years-old, ufed all imaginable Vigi lance and Aftivity to fevethe Remainder of his Country ; and like a true Hero declared, he would die in the. laft' Dike rather than become Tributary to any- forejgn Power. At length their Allies came to tiieir, Affiftance, when the young Prince, like another Scipio, abandon ing his own Country, befieged, ancl took the impor- tantjfowhof Bonne, which opened a Paffage for the ~0e rmans into Flanders, and ftruck fuch: a Surprize, ki- to the French, whofe Enemies were now behindjthem, "¦& *• ~' '* '!*li - *"at ChapJX. o/" ^ P rf r i T a n s.^ 45 1 that they abandoned all their Conquefts in Holland, ,Kin£u except Maeftricht 'and Grave, widi greater Swiftnefsc TT* than they made them. V-^-y-O Thefe rapid Conquefts of the French opened Peoples Frochma- Mouths againft the Court, and raifed fuch Difeontents''0*".?'"';/* all over England, "that his Majefty was obliged to if.fP^d'"S foe out his Proclamation^ to fupprefs all unlawful and p^erws. Undutiful Converfetion, threatning a fevere Profecution Garottes of fuch who fhould fpread falfe News, dr intermeddle N« 686. with Affairs' of State, Or pfomote Scandal againft his Majefty's Counfellors by their common pifeourfe in Coffee-Houfes, or Places of publick Retort. He was obliged alfo to continue the Exchequer fliut up, con trary to his Royal Promife, and to- prorogue his Par liament till next Year, which he forefew would be in a Flame when they came together. ~ Daring this Interval of Tarliament the Declaration The Begin- ef Indulgence continued ih force, and the Diffenters^ °fthe had refb; when the Prefbyterians and Independants, to^"^ fhew their Agreement among themfelves, as well as to Ledure at fupport the Doftrines of the Reformation againft the Pinners prevailing Errors of Popery, , Sbcinianifm and Infide-HaU* lity, fet up a weekly Lttlure ai-Pinners Hall in Broad- Jlreet, on Tuejday Mornings, by the Contributions of the principal Merchants and Tradefmen of their Per fuafions in the City. Four Prefbyterians were' joined with two Independants to preach by Turns, and to give it the greater Reputation the principal Minifters for Learning and Popularity Were chofen into it ; as Dr. Bates', Dr. Manton, Dr.'OaW?», Mr.' Baxter, Mr. Col lins; Jenkins, Mead, and* afterwards Mr. Aljbp, Howe, Cole, and others ; and tho* there were fomd little Mif- underftandings at their 'fifff fetting out, about fome high Points of Calvinifimd occafioned by one of Mf. Baxter's firft Sermons, yet the Lecture continued in this Form till the Year 1695. when it fplit upon the feme Rock, occafion'd by the Reprinting Dr. Crijp'%- Works. The four Presbyterians removed to Salter s Hall, and fet up a Lefture on the fame Dif and G g 2 Hour. Wilkins.Ath. Ox p. 505 >M 45a . The H 1STK) R Y . Vq|sKV Xifat. Hour. The two Independants remained at Pinners CharlesII. fy^^ arid when there was no • Profpeft iof; m Aceom- t^Y^ : modatio'n, each' Party J filled up their ^SiBfofejBfiS^ as ¦v. they. have continued to do-ever >finee. 31; griiJi' 3d3 bnai iWA gf '^Arhong the Puritan Divines that doecfeithis Year Bi- Bi/hap '{tyj^ Wilkins defer ves the firft Place ; .he-was ; born at 'Fawfly in- Nor tJ&f^tmjkire j, in the Houfe, of his Mo ther's Father, ri^fwJi^'the Decalogift, : in. the Year •„ f 6 14. ilnti ^ucated in^dMagfialm Hall finder Mr. Tombtfif1 ^fej^Was -> fom© SffDme.-iWarden. of Wadham "College, O'xford, andafteliwareUs'MafteiE of Trinity Col lege, Cambridge^ of .whidtfhe iwass deprived at-the Re- , ..-, fixation,; ; though he-conformed; He married 'a Sifter cjf 'the Proteftor's, Oliver -Cromwel, and complied with ajf theGhanges of the late Times, being, as .Wood, ob- fexves,; always puritanically affefted ; but for his admi- |l4,-.; Abilities, -and extraordinary Genius, he had ,1^3 Equal.tr He was made Bifhop .of Chefter •%ikJJ forely^feys Mr. Eachard, the Court pqrM ind out a Man of greater Ingenuity' and, Ca* ij^more univerfal Knowledge and Underr " Parts of polite Learning. ¦ Archbifhop ifhop Burnet, who were bis Intimates, th&- higheft Encomium ;" as, that he: was A Ju|i6hr?rfen, an admirable Preacher, a rare'Mathe- 'aticiSff, *&Hd mechanical Philofophcr ; and a Man of Pgreat aTMind, as true a Judgment, as eminent Vir tues, and of as great a Soul,, as any they ever* knew. He was a Perfon of univerfal Charity, Ingenuity, Temper, and Moderation of Spirit; and was concern ed in all Attempts for a Comprehenfion with; the Dif fenters. He died of the Stone- in Dr.tTillotJbn'siHoN&i in Chancery Lane, Nov. 19. i6jz..dm the Fif^niap Year of his j^e^Uc t - ., 1 -p..r.>v& 3|> , -4J ^ .^ Mr. JoJeph-iCdryl, M.)A. the ejecfted-Miniiter of St* Magnus, LondoW&ridge, was born :ol genteel Parents in twdon, 1602. -educated in Exeter College,, and after- JKlfe Preacher of Lincolns Inn ~, he was a Member of •Afh^AfiTcmbly ofs||lijii^sefand afterwards: one of the. '^^^^li &3»V Tryers, Of Mr. Jofeph Caryl, Chap. IX. of the P u r i tan s. 45.3 Tryers, fori Approbation of ^Ministers* in all which King Stations he appeared a iMan of great Learning, Piety CharlesI1- and Modefty. He was fent by the Parliament .to at- {^^j tend the King at HoSnhy, Houje, and-was^onepf their Commiffioners in thfe ?Treaty of the Ifle of Wight. After 'his Ejeftment in;i662. he lived privately, in London,, and preached to his Congregation as the Times would permit ; he was a moderate Independant, and diftinguiflied himfelf /by his .learn^l Expofition upon the Book of Job. He died univerfally lamented by 'all his^Acquaintance'.F^ratfr)' 7. 1672-3. and in the Seventy first Year of his Age. -'Mr. Philip Nye,M.A.wasa Divineofa warmer Spirit: Of Mr. He was born of a genteel Family 1596. and was edu- PhllNye, cated in Magdalen College, Oxjord, where he took the Degrees. In the Year 1630. he was Curate of St. Mi chael's Cornhilbf and three Years rafter fled vfrom Bi fhop -Laud's Perfecution into Holland, Jbu|. returned about the Beginning of the Long Parliament, and be came Minifter of Kimbolton in Huntingtonjhire, , . He was one of the1 Diffenting Brethren in the. Affer^bly j one of the Tryers in the Proteftor's Time, and a prin cipal Manager of the Meeting. Of ¦ the Congregational Meffengers at the Savoy. ¦ He was a grea^ Politician, infomuch' that it was debated in Council a%r,;tbe: Re ftoration, Wlfcetitefche fhould not be excepted for.Jjufei and itwas-«or»riudedi(r that, if he fhould, accept or.exerr cife any Office Ecclefiaftical or Civil, he fhould, to all Intents and Purpofes in; Law (ftand as if he had been tov tally excepted. "He was ejected from-Sr. Bartholomew behind the Exchange, and. preached privately as Op portunity offered to a Coogrc^«tionj:of Diffenters . till the prefent Year, when he<>died.in the. Monti} ,of Sep* tember, about Seventy fix Years old, and lies buried in the Churchbf St. Michael's Clornhill,. leaving behind him the Charafter of a-Man of uncommon Depth, and ofone whowas feldom if ever out-reached. l^fd < When the King met his Parliament Feb, 4. after zTh(, p^ Recefs of a Year and nine Months,, he acquainted them a9m^ a* Q g 3 withw'eWrf, 454 The HISTORY V^IV. KinS with the Reafonablenefe ar«f Neceffity of theiWiarjwith Charksll.^g Dutch, and having afltedt a Supply,; 'told jthiem, \^Y^ ** He had found the good iEfteft of his Indulgence to "Diffenters, but that it was. a Mifbakedn thofe.who ** faid, more Liberty was £iv#n'ito Papifts-ttranLOthers, *' becaufe they had only Freedoraaiin their own Hou- ** fes, and no publick ACTemblies *; hd fhould there- " fore take it ill to receive Contradiction in what fee *' had done; and to deal plainly with you (fays his " Majefty) I am -refolneddo fiick to .tny Declaration." Lord Chancellor Shaftsbury fecondedthe King^ Speech, and having vindicated the Imdadgence hiigiriiiHi»ffllke King's Zeal for the Church of 'England am&tfhexiPirote- ' Arguments fant Religion. But the Houfe of Commons adedaared ^.^J'againft the Difipenfing Power, • and ; argued, that tho' Difpenfiiig the King had a Power to pardon Offenders}* he had Power, not a Right to authorize Men to fareajc the Lawv^r this would infer a Power to alter the Government, the Strength of every Law being the Penalty laid upon Of fenders ; if therefore the King could fecure Offenders by. indemnifying them before-hand, it was in vain to make any Laws at all, becaufe according to this Maxim, they had no force but at the King's Difcre- tion But it was objefted on the other Side;, that' a Difference was to : be made between Penal' Laws in fpiritual Matters. and others^, that thec King's (Supre macy gave him a peculiar Authority over thefe^ias was evident by his tolerating the Jews, and theGhurches of foreign Proteftants ^— To which it was replied, That the Intent of the Law in afferting. the Supremacy Was onjy to exclude all foreign Jurifdiftion, : and to lodge the whole Authority with the King ; but Tbafwas ftill bounded and regulated by Law ; the Jews were ftill at Mercy, and only connived at, but the foreign Churches were excepted by a particular; Claufe in the Aft ¦of Uniformity ; and therefore upon the whole they came Koufeof to this Refolution, Feb* 10. "that Penal Statutes in Commons « Matters Ecdefiaftical cannot be fufpended but by VlLfilt. " Aft of Parliament ; that no fuch Power had ever «' been Chap. IX. oft fbei Fur a i tan 3. 4££ * 1 beea clarmed orilfiasWifeidc btyji any of his . Majefty's ,£% " Predeoaffiprisg.and therefore hiB- between. Proteftant Diffenters and Popifih Rtteufiants^ and in the to give Eafe to the former without including -the latter, ff^.f strpecially when the Diffenters irt the Houfe difevowed^;v fff the Difipenjing Power, tho' it was in their Favour, nomcesthe Alderman Love, Member for the City of London, Difpenfing ¦ flood up* and rin a handfome Speech declared,, that ^wr' ' He had : rather go without his. own > defired Liberty than have it in a Way fo deftruftive ofi the Liberties ofi his Country, and the Proteftant Intereft ; and that this was the- S enje oj the main. Body of. Diffenters.. .tWhich furprized the whole Houfe, and gave a Turn to thofe very Men who for ten Years together had been load^ jng the Non-Conformifts with one Penal Law after another : But Things were now at a Crisis *, Popery and .-•Slavery were at the Door; the triple Alliance broken %. "the Proteftant Powers wafting one another » the Exche- ,':, G g 4 $»«¦" 45& &K HISTORY \0 Vol.IVi IC'^- qfierfhtxt^ ; ifte^emappare.*st of the/p5p,wgysnJopen Pa- c^£Sj^pi(fc;jalhd,aii Army encamped c^«#^*J^Popifhi * V^-y^ Officers ready td be transp^ted irito i?o%f^.£Q.compleat^ ^ ,,-their Ruin. When the^if^tfets^t fuch a,time jajd afide their Refentments agaihft'the^P^rfecutors,, anddienotHi* ced their feparafe foterefts'fortheSafetyof the Protestant Religion, ahd the Liberties of their Country,- all fobep Men began to think it was highTime to-put -a Mark of Diftinftion between them and the Roman Catholicks. .?. The King But the King was of another! MiBd,>ryet:it>ejpg 4ft gives up warit 0f Mortey, he was eafily perfuadf$ fer\ hisrtMi^ h"ence ftreffeito give up his Indulgence, contrary., to the Asfe " vice of the C ABJL, whp told him,, iffl her wbuld make d bold Stand for : his Prerogative, all woftl^ be well. But he Came to the Houfe March 8. ,and having ' preffedthe-Ccjrhmons to. difpatch the Money Bilk h© added, * ;- '' " If there be any Scruple yet remaining! -" with you, touching the Sufpenfion of the; Penal " taw?, I hete faithfully promife you, tha$ what has " beehdori^irt' that Particular, fhall not for thiifoture " bi drawn into Example and Confe$jtje#§e- ', and as. I " dafiy expeft from ypii.XBiJl for my Sujjply, i fo Ii *' affureey6b I fhall as willingly receive ^d^pafs any «' other ybtfihall offer me, that may tend to the, giving " you Satisfaftion in al^ your. juft Grievances.", , Ac-, cordingly he called for theDeclara(ic^?^\ib,roke,ths.J Seal With hisbwn Hands, by which Me ana alj the Li-'l Shaftfbury cenfes for^Meeting-Houfes were galled im „ -,iQur Hifto^ deferts f£«rians obferve, that this Proceeding of the $ and ^e< Mafter Hqilder : of th«t go i. Scherne for making the King abjolutc; butti^af when his- Burnet, Majefty was fo unfleady as to, defert him in the Projeft p. 348- of an Indulgence, after he had promifed to standby h\^- he concluded the King was not to, be, trufted,- and aprii peared afterwards at the Head of therGountry Party, oi BUI fir The Non-Conformifts were now . in fome , Hopes-of i ffProfe/} a ^S'a^' Toleration by Parliament, for , the Commons i Di/enters. refolved, Nemine Contradjcente, that a Bill be brought in Chap.lX. of'fhtfPdtiiTAVlY. 457 in for the Eafe of his Majefty's Prpfeftaqt. Subjefts, King who are'DifieWters'-in Matters of "Religion from theQh^lL Church nfP England: •" The Subftance of the Bill was, ..vj-^, ** 1. That 'Eafe' be given to his Majefty's, Proteftunt " Subjefts- diflentihg' in Matters of Religion, who " fhall fubfcribe the" Articles' of the Doftrine of the Eachard, »' Church of England, ^and fhall take the Oaths .of, Al- P- 88^ ' " kgiance and Supremacy. 2. That the feid.Prote- V ftant Subjefts be eafed from vall Pains and Penalties < " for not coming to Church. l 3. That the QaiUe in f* the late Aft of Uniformity, , for declaring the AC- " fent and Confent, be taken away by this Bilk " 4. That the fakT Proteftant '^ubjefts be eafed, from i' all Pains and Penalties for fleeting together for , " Performance of any Religious 'Exercifes,^ 5,,iThati " every Teacher 'fhall give Notice of the Place ..where ** he intends «J hold -fuch his Meeting to the. Quarter " SeffiOnsp where in open Court he fhall firft make foch " Subfcription, and take foch Oaths as, aforefeid,, t» and receive' from thence a Certificate thereof where, " all fuch Proceedings fhall remain upon. Records " 6. That any fuch Teacher may exercife as aforc- f' faid, until the next refpeftive Quarter Seffions, arid " no longer, in ;cafe he fhall not firft take the Paths, ?* and make fuch Siibfcription before twot of the, neighs, oj " bouring Juftices of Peace, and fhall firifgiyp $&$) r,^> ?' Notice of the Place of his intended Mecrir^g,,- and " take Certificate thereof under the fa fet,. Jirftfees " Hands, a Duplicate whereof they are tQ> retyrri. inro^ ?' the next Quarter Seffions. 7. The Doors and. Pai- " fages of all Houfes and Places where the feid,,Dif- " fenters do meet fhall be always open and free during " the Time '-of- fuch Exercife. 8. If any Diffenter " refafesito^take the Church Wardens Oaths, he, fliall *' then find another fit Perfon, who is .hot a Difienter, '< to execute that Office,1 and fliall pay him for.it," But tho' *11- agreed in 'bringing jui a. Bill, there was /,*,,,- neither Time nOr Unanimity enough in the Houfe thisf*""- Seffions to' agree -MjpcBi-' Particulars;' for according to Bifhop 45« T&'HISfORV' ^VoLIV. frhffitr ®'^°P Buwet* ^ Went'toofether than a fecond Read- 1 6>i *"*£• Mr • Eachard fkys, ir/Was llrdpt Ifc the» Houfe of y^l^ Lords ott the Account of fome Amendments, tilfthe Deteft. Parliament1 broke up'Vtfut Mr. Cokefscys more truly; p. 49P. that it was becaufe the dead WeigbF of&ifhb^p&foiiieA nvM: withthe King and the caballing Party againft it. i"i; » Cjj"'rns While this was depending the C<^OT«te.rLaws againft them may be put in Execution. Upon which k Proclamation was iffued out, tho' to very litde Purpofe, enjoining all Popifh Priefts and Jefuits to depart the Realm, and the Laws to 'be put in Execution againft all Popifh Recufants. ' TheTeft - But his Majefty making no mention- of removing Aahrdt thern from Places oj Prop and Truffif the Commons 7**0tfo knowing where their Strength lay, ¦ fufpended their Money Bill, and ordered a Bill fo be brought in; to confine all Places ef Profit and Truft to thofe only who' are of the Communion of the Church of England: This is commonly called the Teft Aft+ and was levell'd againft the Duke of York and the prefent Miniftry, who Were chiefly of his Perfuafion. When it was brought into the Houfe, the Court oppofed it with all their Might, and endeavoured to divide the Church Party, by proposing; that fome Regard' might be had to Proteftant Diffenters, hoping by this Means to dog the Bill, and throw it out of the Houfe ¦, upon w&kfi Alderman Love, a Diffenter, and Member for the City, ftood up again and faid, He hoped the Claufe ins fa vour of Proteftant Diffehters would occafion no intern-. perate Heats; and therefore moved, th&t fince this* was a confiderable Barrier againft Popery, the Bill might pafs without any Alteration, and that nothing might interpofe till it was finifhed, and then (fays the Alder-* man) we [ Diffenters] will try if the Parliament will not diftinguifh us from Popifh Rc&$a?its by fome Matks Cfoap.IX. of the Puritans. 459 Marks of their Favour ji but we are willing to lie vm- King der the Severity «fnthe Laws for a Timevrather than Chi^iL cfog a more neceffary Work with our Concerns. Thefe J-vL, being the Serniments of the leading Diffenters both in p^n the Houfe and without Doors, the Bill, paffed jthe -0^ .q Commons with little Oppofition ; but when it came to Debates be debated in the Houfe of Peers, in the King's Pre- abeat u-^ fence, March 15. the whole Court was againft it ex- ' ^ cept the. Earl of Briftol ; and maintained that it was his a*^<{' Majefty's Prerogative to employ whom he pleafed in his Service Some were for having the King ftand his Ground againft the Parliament. The Duke of Buckingham Burnet, arid Lord Berkley offered to bring the Army to Town,p. 348. .and take out of both Houfes the Members who made Oppofition. . Lauderdale offeredt.' to bring an Army from Scotland; Lord Clifford told the King, that the People now faw through his Defigns, and therefore he -^ ^ muft refolve to make himfelf Mailer,; at once, or be »-4rk for ever subject to much Jealoufy and Contempt. But 5 rt™ .the Earl of Shaft sbury having changed Sides prefied the King to give"1 the Parliament full Content, and then they would undertake to procure him the Supply he wanted. bThis fuited the King's eafy Temper, who mot being willing to rifk a fecond Civil War, went ,into thefe Meafures, and out of meer Neceffity for Mo ney to carry on the War gave up the Papifts, in hopes that : he migbt^afterwards recover what in the prefent 1 Extremity .he was forced to part with. jThis effeftu- It receives ally .broke the, CABAL, and put the Roman Catho the Ryat licks upon, purfuing other Meafures to introduce their Af/"a- -Religion-, which was the making Way for a Popifh .,Sueee£fcriof more refolute Principles; and from hence we;may date the Beginning of the Popifh Plot; which did not break out till 1678. as appears by Mr. Cole- . wan's Letters. .yThe Bill received 1 the Royal Affent dMarch 25. together with a Money Bill of one Million two hundred1 thoufand iPounds ;. and then the Parlia ment was prorogued to Oclober %o. after a fhort Sefiian of Jeven Weeks, ( ,' . i » • 'dtfmmftih ¦»">' The af*6a The" HI STORY Vol* IV. -King - TheTeft Acl is entitled, an: ASt t& prevent Dangers ¦ Qatkdl.wj[>jcj) happen from p0pijh Recufianh. It requires, jjSS^** That all Perfons bearing any Office of Truft -l or TheAa it'* Profit fliall take fhe= Oaths of Supremacy a'nd Alle- filf- " giance in . publick and open Court, and flialbalfb Stat. " receive the Sacrament Of the Lord's Suppetv adMffdi- «5 Car.II. « ing to tne ufage of the Church of England, itfforne p' 2' *'. Parifh Church, on fome Lord's Day immediately " after Divine Service -jand> Sermon, v$xA "dehvef a " Certificate of having fo received the Sacrtarrf &if \k- " der 'the? Hands * of the' refpeftive- Ministers' ' arid **' Church Wardens, proved by two credible Witaefi " fes upon Oath, and upon Record in Court— And " that all Perfons taking the faid 'Oaths of Supremacy *' and Allegiance fhall likewife make ahd fubfcribe *' this following Declaration, / A. B. do declare, tUitt "J believe there- is tioTranjubftantiaticn in the Sa- *c temmeint of the Lord's Supper, or in the E-limeHi'sdlf '* Bread andWinf, at, or after the Confiecration therfi *** of, by any Perfon whatfioever-. The Penalty of break- *' ing thro' this Aft, befides a Difabifrty of profecfiifSg *^any Suit, or afting in the Capacity of other Subjects *l in feveral Refpefts, is five hundred Pounds." !>V! Remarks. Mr. Eachard Obferves well, that this1 Aft was1 pritf-' cipaity, if not folely levell'd at the Roman 'Catholicks, -as appears from the Title ; and it is further evident IrOrft1 the Difpofition of the Houfe of Commons at thisTime to -eafe the Proteftant Diffenters of fome of their Buf- dens. If the Diffenters had fallen in with the Court they might have prevented the Bill's paffing. But let the Defign of it be what it will, it is in my Opinion very unjustifiable, becaufe it founds Dominion in Grace. A Man can't be an Excife-Man, a Cuftom-Hotife Officer, a Lieutenant in die Army or Navy, no, nor fo much as a Tide- Waiter, without partaking of the moft folemn Mark of Chriftianity, according to the Ufage of tfie Church of England. Is not this a ftrong Temptation to Atheifm and < Hypocrify ? Does it not pervert one of the- mdft folemn Jnftitutions of Chrifti anity Cfo a p. I X. of the P u R v TAN s'. 46 1 anity- to Purpofes for which it was never intended ? King And is it not eafyto find Securities ©f a Civil Nature Chariesli. fofficient for ^ the Prefervation both of Church and ^P^j, State ? When the Aft took Place the Duke of Yorkf"^ Lord High Admiral . of England ; Lord Clifford, Lord High Treasurer ; and a great many other Popifh Officers^ quitted their Preferments 5 but not ohe Pro teftant Diffenter, for there -was not one fuch irf'the Adminiftration $,- however; as the Church Party fheW* ed a noble .Zeaii- for their Religion", Bifliop Burnet ebferves; that the Diffenters got great Reputation by tb$i$; filent Deportment ; but the King and the CourtP- 3SZ« Bifhops refolved to flick in fkp'ih Skirts. This being the laft Penal Law made againft the Summary Non-Confiarmifts in this Reign, it may not; be impro-'^^^v per to put them all together, that the Reader may7""i*w'* have a full View of their diftreffed Circumftances> ; for befides the Penal Laws of .Queen Elizabeth, which were confirmed by this Parliament; one of which was no fell;. than Banifihment ; and another a Mulcl on every one for not coming to Church ; ( 1 .) The Acl ofiUnifior- miy in the Year 1662. filenced alt the Non-Conformift Minifters throughout England, and deprived them of their: Maintenance — (2 .) The Corporation Acl in j.66 1 .- ¦ 4 inpapackated their People from ferving their Country ih, the foweft Offices of Truft (3.) The Conventicle- 4$jrin 1663. and 16,70: forbid alf Perfons going to any:; feparate Meetings for Religious Worfhip where- more dian five befides^ the Family were prefent, under very fevere -ftines; to be levied by feizure of-.their- Goods, or fo many Months Imprifonment, tb be de termined not by, a Jury, d>ut the Warrant of a Juftice of Peace, -r~ d^.fThe Oxjord Acl, 1665, banifhed all Non-Conformift Minifters five Miles from every Cor poration that fent Members. to Parliament w.;— And (5.) The TeftAOf this Year made them incapable of all Places of Profit or Truft. in the Government,'- What could have been done more, to diftrefs them, unlefs they' had.been fenttothe .Gafii^or the Stake ?> : ... . By 4&* The- HFSTGRY VoIrfV. King : By the rigorous Exeditierj' of thefe- Laws the ¦ Nbn- CharML Conformift -Minifters- Were ¦ fep&rated 1rom ! their -Con- \^£s^ gregations, from their ^Maintenance, from their Hbu- Confequen'-fzs and Families, and theirfebple reduced- to Mifery and tesofthem. Want, and obliged to worfoip God in- a Manrief eon- Conf. trary to the Diftates of their Confciences, on jJerialty ^Iea' of- the Forfeiture ¦ of their Goods and Chattels, or of~be- v*a.i ' m& ^mt UP *n a -P"f°n among Thieves and Rob- ' bers. Great Numbers retired to the Plantations ; • but Dr. Owen, Who .was- fhrpping off his Effefts'fbr New England, was forbid tb leave the Kingdom by exprefs Orders from King Charles himfelf. If there had been Treafon or Rebellion in the Cafe it had been justifia ble.; but -When it was- purely for Religion or NoV Conformity to fome Rites 'and Ceremonies, and a ¦ ; • ' D Form of Church Government^ it can deferve no better Name than that of cruel Perjecutian. Duke of ;-i The Houfe of Commons from their Apprehenfions Yorky zd of the Growth of Popery, and of a Popifh SuccefT&r Mamage. t0 ,'tlie Crown, .petitioned the King againft the Duke's fecond Marriage with the Princefs of Mo-dena, an Itd- lian Papift; but his, Majefty told them, they were too late. Upon which the Commons- ftopt their Money Bill, voted the Standing Army a Grievance; and were proceeding to other Refolves, when the King fent for them to the Houfe of Peers, and with a fhort Speech prorogued them to January 7; after they had fat but nine Days. In 'the mean Time the Dukp's Marriage was confommated, with the Confent of the French King, which raifed the Expectations of the Roman Catholicks higher than ever.' " ¦'" *-' " Further This induced the more zealous Proteftants to think fndtlefs 0f a' firmer Union with the Diffenters ; accordingly fi'Tcom-Mf: Baxter'. at the Requcft-of the-1 Earl of- Orrety, ZelenfionAtew up fome Propofals for a Comprehenfion, agree- Baxter, ably to thofe already mentioned. " He propofed that Part III. «- the Meeting Houfies of Diifehters fhould be allowed p. 1 10. «^. a, Chapels till there were Vacancies for them in the " Churches - — and that thofe who had no Meeting " Houfes Vi „H,oufes ^)ujcU;be- Schopl-Maft?rs or, L^ftuters till King i%fUjeh;That none ^uld, be obligfid to readG1^ksW' " the Apocrypha ... ,|;I/ That Parents might have li- f^Jt. \\.. berty to dedicate their own Children in Baptifrn % — " That, Ministers might preach, where fqmebpdy eife '-^whp, had the; Room might read -the Common Prayer *'Sr^-Tr^:Th^t,-,^foifterj5;r^,,n,q|t obliged to give the Sa- ».f. crament to fuch as, are guilty of fcandalous. ImmcH,oufe of , Mr. Stringer at M^n.dJoru -, but uqf feeing fatisfied- with Conformity he fet 'up a feparate Meeting in Rot her hi the, where ^he preached to a,$wrierOus Congregation with great Suc- icefs. He ,w,as a, zealpus .Preacher, and fervent in Pray- ,(pi> but b^ng .weakly, hjs, indefatigable -Latio^. broke ; 1 his 464 The HIS TORT Vol.IV king his Conftitution, fo that he died of a Confumptiori CharlesII. j^^ i6. 1673--4. in the Thirty- eighth Year of his? J^Age. .- ' Severity of The Revocation' of the IndulgeHce^-wcid the Difplea- the Court fore of the Court againft the Diflfehters, for deferring againft the them in their Defighs to prevent the paffing the Teft 2£3" 'M* let loofe the whole Tribe of Informers- ThePa- State P^' being excluded from Places of Truftthe Court Trafts, had no Regard for- Prbteftant Non-Conformifts; the Vol. III. Judges therefore had Orders to quicken the Exeeutiorl p. 42. of the Laws againft them. The Eftates of thofe- of Baxter, the beft Quality in -each County were ordered to-be Pan in. ffeized_ The Mouth,, of the High Church Pulpiteers l* were encouraged to open as loud as poffible :'• One in his Sermon before the Houfe of Commons told tlteBi; that the Non-Conformifts ought not to-be tolerated, but to be cured by Vengeance. He urged them to fet Fire to the Faggot; and to teach them by Scourges or Scorpions, and open their Eyes with Gall. The King himfelf iffued out a Proclamation for putting the Penal Laws in full Execution*, which had its Effeft. Ibid. Mr. Baxter was one of the- firft Upon whom the Part III. storm fell, being apprehended as he was preaching P- '55- jj}g f 'bwjday Lefture at Mr. Turners. Hewent'With the Constable and Keting the Informer to Sir William Pulteney's, who demanding the Warrant, found < it iigned by Henry Montague, Efq; Bailiff of Weftmin fter. Sir William told the Conftable, that none but' a Grty Juftice could give a Warrant to apprehend a Man for preaching in the-City, whereupon he was difmiffed. Endeavours were ufed to forprize Dr. Manton, and fend him to Prifon' upon the Oxford Aft, but- Mr. Bedford preaching in his room was accidentally appre hended ; and tho' he had taken the Oxfiord Oath was fined twenty Pounds, and the Place forty Pounds, which was paid by the-Hearers. Others xhe like Ravages were made in moft Parts of Eng- Siildiand> Mr- J°f??h Swafiield of Salisbury was taken «y7«*V. preaching in his own Houfe, and bound over to the Affizes, ^IiapvIX. of the Pvn I tan s. 465: Affizes, :aj$l committed to the- County Gaol, her i Houfe was fined twelve Pounds, and for •Non-Payment of it threaten'd with a Gaol. After ! fome Weeks the Officers broke open her Doors, and carried away her Goods to above the Value Tof the Fine. They fold as . many Goods as were worth thirteen - (Pounds for fifty Shillings; fix Hogfheads. valued, at forty Shillings for nine Shillings ; and, Pewter, Fea ther Beds, &c. for twenty Shillings.; befides the Rent s which they demanded of -her Tenants. — - — ,,Mt. John iThompfion, Minifter in Bniftolf was apprehended^n the Corporation -; Aft, - and-refufing to take the Oxjord Oath was committed to , Prifon, where he . was; feized with a Fever through the .Noifomnefs of the, Place ; A Phyfician being fent for, advifed his Removal; and a. -Bond -of (five hundred Pounds was Jbffered the US , and a certain Forerunner,. of Vengeance Gazette, upon the Diffenters. But. to ftifle the Clamours of the N-" 883. People his Majefty republifhed his Proclamation, for bidding their meddling , in- State Affairs,, or talking Teditioufly " in Coffee-Houfes ; and then commanded to. N° an Order to be madeipublick, " That effectual Care 962,965.44 De taken for the jupprefjing oj Conventicles; and " whereas divers pretend -old Licenfies from his Maje- " fly, and would ^fupport themfelves by that Pre- " tertce, his Majefty declares, that all his Licenfes *' were long fince recalled, and that no Conventicle " has any Authority, -Allowance, or Encouragement " from him." Death This Year put an End' to the Life of the Famous *t\fr'\A-\ ^r" fab* Milton, born in London, and educated in in" l 'thrift College, Cambridge, where he difplayed an un common Genius, which was very much improved by his Travels. He was Latin Secretary to the Long Parliament, arid writ in Defence of the Murder of 'King 'Charles I. againft Salmafius and others, with great Sharpnefs, but in a pure and elegant Latin Stile. He was afterwards Secretary to the Proteftor Cromwel, and loft both his Eyes by hard Study. At the Reftoratiori fome of his Books were burnt, and himfelf in danger, but he was happily included in the Aft of Indemnity, and lived afterwards a retired Life. He was a Man of a prodigious Gen iiis,! and did himfelf and the Englift) Nation immortal Honour by his incomparable Poem of Paradije Loft ; in which he manifefted fuch a won derful Sublimenefs of Thought* as, perhaps, . was never Chap.IX. »/^Puritan8. 467 ver exceeded -in any Age or Nation in the World. King His Daughters read to him after he was blind the CharlesII. Greek Poets, tho' they underftdod not the Language. <^JXj He died in. mean Circumftances at Burthill near Lon don, in the Sixty feventh Year of his Age. Tho' the Proteftant Religion ftood in need of the l675- united Strength of all its Profeffors againft the Growth^; S1lel" of Popery, and the Parliament had moved for a Tole-f °£* "fjt_ ration of Proteftant Diffenters, yet the Bifhops conti- ter againft nued to profecute them in common with the Papifts. the Dijfen- Archbifhop Sheldon direfted circular Letters to the Bi-^rI- fhops of his Province, enjoining them to give Di rections to their Archdeacons and Commiflaries, to get particular Information from the Church* Wardens of their feveral Parifhes on the following Enquiries, and 'trartfrnit them to him after'thenext Vifitation, 1 . What Number of Perfons are there, by common Estimation, inhabiting within each Parifrr fubjeft to your Jurif diction ? 2 . What Number of Popifh Recufants, or ^Perfons fufpefted of Recufancy, are refident among ,fthe Inhabitants aforefaid ? 3. What Number of other Diffenters are there in each Parifh of what Seft foever, :l Which either obstinately refute, or wholly abfent them- n' felves Trom the Communion of the Church of England, at fuch Times as by Law they are required ? ,— Some of the Clergy were concerned at thefe Proceedings, there- Attempts fore Dr. 'Tillotjon and Stilling fleet met privately withfor an Jc' Dr. Manton, Bates, Pool and Baxter, to confider of^jf*" Terms of Accommodation,, but when they had a^reed,j}ratej ^ and communicated them to the Bifhops, they were the Bps. d hallowed ;- fo that when Tillotjon few how Things Baxter, were going, he cautioufly withdrew from the Odium, PartIir- and writ the following Letter to Mr. Baxter, April^' l$7' 11, ,1675. " That he was unwilling his Name fhould ;*4 be made publick in the Affair, fince it was come "to nothing ; not but that I do heartily defire an Ac- " /eommodation (fays he) and fhall always endeavour " it ; but I *m fore it will be a Prejudice to me, and " fignify nothing, to the Effefting the Thing, which H b 2 " as 468 The HI ST QR Y ,. Vol.lV. &*g " as Circumftances are" cannot pafs in either Hpufe CharlesII. « without' the Concurrence oj a confiderable Part of the vi-Y^L, " Bifhops, .jsnffithe Countenance of his Majefty, which " at prejent I jee little Reajon to expeflfi 'People be- But die Bifhops Conduft made them Unpopular, and fjfjf confthey met with many Rubs in their Way ; Peoples Cqm- theSuffer-V2^10^ began to move toward^ their Diffenting Neigh- ings of bours, whom they frequently faw carried in great Num- the Non- bers to Prifon, and fpoiled of their Goods, for nO Other Conf. Crime but a fcrupulous Confeience. The very Name of an Informer was odious, and their Behaviour infamous. The Aldermen of London often went out of the Way when they heard, of their coming; 'and, fome denied j them their Warrants, tho' .'by the Aft they forfeited one, hundred Pounds. Alderman Fqr'th bound over ' an Informer to his good Behaviour, for breaking into Compl. his Chamber without leave. When twelve or thirteen Hlft'„ Bifhops came into the City to dine with Sir Nathaniel "' ' Heme, Sheriff of London, and exhorted him to put the Laws in Execution againft the Non-Conformifts, he told; them plainly, they could not trade with their Neighbours one Day, and put them in Prifon the next. Proceed- The moderate Churchmen fhewing a Difpofition to N ingsofthe unjte wjth the Non-Conformifts againft Popery, the Cilablith Court refolved to take in the old Ranting Cavaliers arbitrary to ftrengthen the Oppofition ; for this Purpofe , Power* Morley and fome other Bifhops were fent for to Court, and told, it was a great Misfortune that the Church Party and Diffenters were fo'difpofed to unite, and run into one ; the Court was therefore willing to make the Church eafy, arid to fecure to the King the Allegianpe of all his Subjefts at the feme Titne '¦> f°r this Purpofe a Bill was brought into the Houfe of A Bill in Lords, entituled, An Acl to prevent the Dangers which , 'i* *j'r may ar*fe from -Perfons difiaffetted to the Government ; f that Pur- by which all fuch as enjoyed any beneficial Office pofe. or Employment, Ecclefiaftical, Civil, *0r Military ; all that voted in ..Eleftions of Parliament Men ; all Privy Chap.IX. of the Puritan s. 469 Privy Counfellors and Members of Parliament them- King felves, were under a Penalty to take the followingCharlesII. Oath: I A.B. do declare, that it is not lawful upon ^fl^ any Pretence whatfoever, to take up Arms againft the King ; and that I do abhor that traiterous Pofition oj taking Arms by his Authority againft his Perjon, or againft thoje that are Commiffwned by him in pur fiance' oj fuch Commiffion'. And' I do fiwear, that I will not at any Time endeavour the Alteration oj the Government either in Church or State. So help me God. The De^ fign of the Bill was to enable the Miniftry to go on with their deftruftive Schemes againft the Conftitution and the Proteftant Religion, without fear of Oppofition even from the Parliament it felf. The chief Speakers Baxter'* for the Bil| were the Lord Treafurer and the Lord-£'/', Keeper,, Lord Danby and Finch, with Bifhop Morley ar.dPart611*' Ward; but the Earl of ' Shaft sbury, Duke of Buckingham, d ' Lord Hoiks and Halifax, laid open the mifchievous De-p. 2g/ figns and Cqnfequences of it : It was thought a disinheri ting Men of their Birthright to fhut them out from their Votes in elefting by an enfoaring Oath, as well as de ftruftive to the Privilege of Parliament, which was to vote freely in all Cafes without any previous Obliga tion ; that the Peace of the Nation would be beft fecu red by making good Laws ; and that Oaths and Test without this would be no real Security ; fcrupulous Men might be fetter'd by them, but that the Bulk of Mankind would boldly take any Teft, and as eafily break through it, as had appeared in the late Times. The Bill was committed, and debated Paragraph by it is drtpt. Paragraph, but the Heats occafioned by it were fo violent, that the King came unexpectedly to the Houfe June 9. and 'prorogued the Parliament; fo the Bill was dropt ; but the Debates of the Lords upon the in^ .tended Oath being made publick were ordered to be burnt. Two Proclamations were re-publifoed on this Gazette, Occafion ; one to prevent feditious Difeoqrfes- in CofN° igijg, fee-Houfes,, ' the other to put a Stop to the publifhing feditious Libels, H h 3 Tte 47° The HISTORY Vol.1 V. King The Court had reafon to hope for the paffing this Bill, CharlesII. becaufe the Oath had been already impofed upon the \^^j Non-Conjormifts; and the Court Clergy had been preachy Remarks, ing in their feveral Churches, for feveral Years, that Paffive-Obedience and Non-Refiftance was the received Doftrine of the Church of England \ the Bifhops had poffeffed the King and his Brother with' the Belief of it, and if it had now .paffed into a Law the whole Nation had been fetter'd, and' the Coure might have done what they pleated. But the Parliament faw through the Defign ; and Dr. Burnet fays, he opened the Referve to Bumet, the Duke of York, by telling him, " that there was no, P- 3S9- « trailing to disputable Opinions ; that there were " Diftinbtions 'and Rejerves in' thoje who had main- " tained theje Points ; and that when Men few a vifir " ble Danger of being firft undone and then burnt, " they would be enclined to the fhorteft Way of argu- " ing, and fave themfelves the beft Way they could ; " Intereft and Self-Prefervation being powerful Mov " tives." This might be wholefome Advice to the Duke, but implies fuch a Jecret Rejerve as may cover the moft wicked Dcfigns, and is not fit for the Lips of a Proteftant Divine, nor even of an honefl Man. jnfoknceof Xhe daring Infolence of the Papifts, who had their the Papifts regqiar Clergy in every, Corner of the Town, was fo mot"herdt-&cM tnat diey not oniy challenged the Proteftant- Di' tempt fir a vines to Difputations, but threaten'd to aflaffinate foch Toleration, as preached openly againft their Tenets ; which con firmed the Lords and Commons in their Opinion of the abfolute Neceffity of entering into more moderate and healing Meafures with Proteftant Diffenters, notwith* Branding the dead Weight of the Bifhops againft it. Up on this Occafion the Duke of Buckingham, now turned Patriot, made the following Speech in the Houfe of Lords, which is inferred in the Commons Journal. Puke of <,<¦ My Lords, There is a Thing called Liberty, which ham^" " (whatfbever fome Men may think) is that the Speed for " People of England are fondeft of, it is that they a Tokra- " will never part with, and is, that his Majefty in his tion. ¦ « Speech Chap.IX. of the PvRiTAtis, 471 "1 Speech has, promifed to, take particular Care of. King " This, my Lords, in my Opinion, can never be CharlesII. *' done' without giving an Indulgence to all. Proteftant Jfi^X^M " Diffenters. u. k is certainly a very uneafy Kind of " Life to .any Man, that, has either Chriftian Charity, "¦ Humanity- or good Nature, to fee his Fellow-Sub- " jefts. daily.. abufed, divefted of their Liberty and "- Birthrights, and miferably thrown out of their Pofe fi feffion&and Freeholds, only becaufe they cannot " agree. with others in fome Opinions and Niceties of " Religion which their Confciences will not gives them " leave to. confent to, and which even by theConfefi- " fion of thofe who would impofe them. are no .ways 1 ' necefiary to Salvation . " But, my Lords, befides this, and all that may " be fetid upon it, in order to the Improvement of *' our Trade and fncreafe of the. Wealth, Strength " and Greatnefs of this Nation (which with your *' leave I fhall prefome,to difcourfe of feme other ** Time) there is,> methinks in this Notion of Perfe- *' cution, a very grofs Miftake, both as to -the Point **- of Government and the Point of Religion ; there is *' fo as to the Point oj Government, becaufe it makes> & every -Man's Safety depend upon the wrong Place, $¦ not upon the Governors, or Man's living well to* " wards the Civil Government eftablifhed by Law, *' but upon his iaeing tranfported with Zeal, for every *' Opinion that is held by thofe that have Power in *' the Church that is in fafhion ; and I conceive it is a *' Miftake in Religion, becaufe it is pofitively againft *' fhe-exprefs Doftrine and Example of Jefos Chrift* f Nay, .my. Lords, as to our Proteftant Religion there *' is fomething in it yet worfe, for we Proteftants v> maintain,' that none of- thofe Opinions which Chri^ " flians differ about are infallible, and therefore in 115 *' it is fomewhat an inexcufable Conception, that Men, V>- ought to be deprived of their Inheritance, and all « th,e certain Cpnveniencies and Advantages, of Ljfe, 472 The HISTORY Vol.IV. rnd Sir J ofi Sheldon, Lord Ch^rl gn-May6r, and Kinfmari, to the Archbifhop, did not fejl ^A^ to do his part. Sir Thomas Davis gave out a Warrant to distrain on Mr. Baxter for fifty Pounds, on account i)f his Lecture fin New Street ; and when he had built _a little Chapel in Oxenden Street, the Doors Were fhut .up :afterhe had preached in , it but One?., In April this Year he was difturbe"d by a Company of Conftabl'es and Officers, as he was preaching, in Swallow Street, who beat Drums under the Windows,, and interrupted the Service, when they had not a Warrant to break open the Houfe. 'gndthe The Court Bifhops, ais has been obferved more than Bifhops. once) pufoed on the Informers to, do all the .Mifchief ?j?1!. they could' to the Non-Conformifts ; " The Predates Vol. II. " will not fuffer them to "be .quiet in their Families p. -5.4, 55," (fays a confiderable Writaf : of thefe Times) tho' Vol. III. « they have given large and ample Testimonies that §7.4,3, - ejefted from Covent Garden ; he was born in Somerfet- Manton- Jhire 1620. educated at Tiverton School, and from thence placed in Wadham College, Oxon. He was ordained by Dr. Hall Bifhop of Exeter, when he was not more than twenty Years of Age : His firft Settle ment was at Stoke-Newington, near London, where he continued feveQ Years, being generally efteemed an excellent Preacher, and a learned Expofitor of Scrip-* ture. Chap. IX. of the Puritans. 481 ture. Upon the Death or Refignation of Mr. Obadiah King Sedgwick, he was prefented to the Living of Covent- CharlesII. Garden by the Duke of Bedford, and preached to a f^Jf. numerous Congregation. The Doftor was appointed "" one of the Proteftor's Chaplains, and one of the Triers of Perfons Qualifications for the Miniftry ; which. Ser vice he conftantiy attended. In the Year 1660. he was very forward in concert with the Prefbyterian Minifters, to promote ' the King's Reftoration, and was one of the Commiffioners at the Savoy Conference ; He was then created Doftor of Divinity, and offered the Deanry of. Rochefter, but declined it. After he was turned out, of his Living in 16.62. he kept a pri vate Meeting in his own Houfe, but was imprifoned', and .met ^with feveral Disturbances in his MinifteriaJ Work. He was in all the Treaties for a Comprehen fion with the Eftablifhed Church, and in high Efteem with < the Duke of Bedford, Earl of Mane hefter, and other noble Perfons. At length finding his Confti tution breaking, he refigned himfelf to God's wife Difpofal, and being feized with a kind of Lethargy, ,he died Qclobej ' 18'. 16 jy. in the Fifty feventh Year of his Age, and was buried in the ChanceJ of the Church of Stoke Newington. Dr. Bates in his Fune ral Sermon fays, He was a Divine of a rich Fancy, a ftrong Memory, and happy Elocutiqn, improved by diligent Study. He was an excellent Chriftian, a fer vent Preacher, and every Way a Bleffing to the Church of God. His practical Works were publifhed in five Volumes in Folio at feveral Times after his Death, and are in great Efteem among the Diffenters to this Day. About the faetie Time, died Mr. John Rowe, M. K.AndofMri born in the Year 1626. and educated for fome TimeJohn at Cambridge, but tranflated to Oxjord about the Time w- of the Vifitation in the Year; 1-648. Here he was ad mitted M. A. and Fellow of Corpus Chrifti College. He was firft Lefturer at Witney in Oxjordjhire ; after wards Preacher at Tiverton in Dtvonjhire, and one of -Vol. IV. Ii the 4$t* - £fe<£It4'tfbftYV Vol.lM. % the Commiffioners for ejecting ignorant and infufiicient ^J Minifters rin that Cgnntyq " {jpjg the Death of Mr. ^yy^WUliam Strong in the Year 1 654V he was called to fucceed ¦himm thi Albbex, CJgi«|h *f; " ers, W o.e,r sre very v&ft lft« "m* -smildty-lMniti' vmich Jrrace, .as in an offiers, his sermons were much f^Med^o^PWpM ofalf PeVMfiiisf On the i -4th -of Mar ch 1659, he was appointed one of the Ji; ^^^feEril^^^^^fH^iefel «itte Ms »afetffle?' # to \j ^t^t^tofol^'l^tcC^l^ STJivine^oFgreMXm^ ^bns-were judieW$n8l*w§fr fcifcce of Men-elf flfe^^^QJ^ ^kfter the Bartholomew A£P-r& >>le, arid preached?-^ tfffirtflin dfewheit, a^tnedFrmeS^buiar ^hicft happened* Cfddbe* ***,? M Yea^of'his'^l&w^bfe uhder an AlfaPMo&8fri<£tf<©? ^MbfefrourtdaribrJi ':Tfle,W6tds'W^h;^S:!p&g e«H*f du^d^ifc^ft ,SerrnOfi1wfeK' thefkfif^j&fatym WM to centi-ttue long.t-WfhiJ- ' &tol2foMto%tofy]&tiJp f» dfimpj oikm*M^mld WbtrWSdy td'^Wtm&l fffoj, ';>**MciM$kjfed 'Etemmf -E%mfi':^^^t^eftip^ '-^-'¦s.-.vtdwifk & ¦ ^.owddfrwO %f r;o'' tuVoi t$la: j'grti^ "r?''-oS- Wfyj'!''-^ -'f^io-fl odi i1" -.••)'*..-uO '.IX \rxi~* %w^7buried -4-1 )\d ..Lilt :J. L-/I53!.; OJ ?. X-S7I-. ?! 0100. ,"k> ^O 9fb ?fb%> \[ "•"n --•ss.F.-.yj b'nB utostj .-> io j.rs-H arb - n jt- » \.v,c^ va; ll3>i£l 2JJW - : ? v.ami-r.-.&a j«.i oj.ajs-w Ws^wl if'- .;, 5<\vu>Vl . -;.--f',i p.--rrri F -^orb ni vlf! u Front f^is T^g^^o the End. of ,the King's Reign ^, r^egtrwith ,J^4§ atfe but Domeftick parrels ibe* tweenth? Kfjjg^d Iwsr parliament ; Siwjw P&ftE, zgdjurious Sal 'lief\ of, Rage apd 'Revenge, ^betweenthe Court anduCountry Parties. The Noa-Conformifls were very! ggeatrSufferers by thefe Debates ; the; Penal Laws being in ft#, fotce; and the Execution, of itherii 10 the H^ods of their declared Enemies^ mswVvs^ww m v^ofbjoner was the' Nation -at Peace abroad, but a The P«- formidable JPJot broke^out at home, to take away th$PifiPt°t. King's Life, to fubvert the Conftitution, to introduce Eachard» Popery, and to extirpate the Proteftant Religion Rootp' 934" and Branch. It was called the Popish Plot from the Nature of the Defign, ; and the'Quality of the Per-^ tons concerned in it, which were no lefs than Pope/»w- cent XI. Cardinal Howard-, his JLegat ; and the Gene rals oj the'Jefiuits in .Spaifli&zA. at Rome. When the King was taken off the Ma^e-wf-York ,was to receive the Crown- as a ' Gif%fo®r» i|h@' Pope, and hold it in fee. If there happ^?t^^yA.jt^i!iurbunce, the City of London was to be fired, *'W&Jd§i£Znfamy of the whole Affair to be laid upon tfi&frresbyterians and Fana- ticks, in hopes that the Churchmen in the Heat of iheir Fury would cut therri in pieces, which would make way for the more eafy SubverflOn of the whole ^ a u a' I 12' Pro: ./- -,-w .^-fdng Proteftaftt'ReligiofiM Thwuan Infojst&ion, andper- ^^"'haps a fecond Maffaere'-pfthffi.Protejft^ts was intended; \\^X^ for this'1' Purpofe they had -gmt^'Mfcr^Wrfc- of Popifh Officers in pay, andTomeThoufandsvof Mettfecretly lifted- to 'appear uporiJDccafibn ;: as' twilling to. rurt ail zealous \ and- aftiive-.Profiefiant Juftice ^ of Peace,* encreafed Men's: Sufpidonse/f #?(*/,-, r«^. the -»VW* w Depefittonsiupdn Oath: of the above^me&tfor^ Wvit- .to» neffesv feemed to ptttitbeyojida'S dfCj^t^.for'Upffln-th^f .ismuS Imfe^sachment Sir G.iWaheman tfc[Q^ft'$ipbyfi$}ffii'i •3£f -q Mvrre1iended and fecu-rgd. y W,-fa& theTiParfiament uiee -they ¦ voted,- That - there xwfyF\k -damnable hdlift) Plot contrived and~ carried -ori-kydgj^ ~. meve(. tjlei Duke of 2or^.-fr0m; his -Perfon and Cbun- "- ,^sci cils, •gnigand *: ^i.-; * ' bwol bzx,.' . :.,- -£3T d> Notcndit-^.rp^ij^ King- himfelf] gave no Credit to. die Plot, '£at yet-finding it impracticable to ftem the-Tide of the -People's ;Zea4, he gave -way to the Execution, of phe Law upon feveral of the condemned Criminalsvft;, ; hut' the" Country Par ity encouraged Mr. Car to write a Weekly dPadcket of usi-w,*. jldvfefrfrvw Rome, ¦ dijcovcrmg the Ftaud-svtmcktSttpiz-? -ai*^4 ftition* oj ffdat- Court ; for'whjch he was arraigned; icori- ;vifted and fined, and his ~PiperB>forbid to be -printed any, mot^ by Order of the Kingis Bmch -, an. admirable ^oteKarif Criutt of JudicatuTeibiuM ?riT .x ,q 33i:Biit it Was impossible tofquietthe Minds of. the Par--^ tb dif. ' Iiament; who had a quick Senfe of the Danger of Pope-^i/S'Pf- ry, arid^herefore paffed a Bill to difable all Perfons otffp^Jl- ' that 'Religion from fitting in either cHoujc of Parlia-^^. « rrieriti "which is!ftill in* force, being excepted out of the Burnet, ""Act Q'f Toleration.^ The Aft requires all Members p. 436. of ParliarHetvtf t© renounce by Oath, The Doctrine oj TranjubftaWiatim, > and to declare the Worjhip of the Virgin Mary, an d -of ¦ the Saints, -y praclifed. in - the "Chfirch oj "Rome; to be idolatrous . Bifhop Gunning "argued againft charging the Church of. ^wwithldo- *Mfy 4, but the Houfe did not much regard him ; and Wheri the Bill was paft he took the Oath in common 1 With the reft, loajm „ -,-± A ,?.';•'-' ^- The Duke of York got himfelf excepted out of the Occafion of Bill, but the Fears of his' Acceffion to the Crown were ^Jfo^g fo great, that there was a loud Talk of bringing a Billp^.^ into the Houfe, to exclude him from the Succeffion asmat'd^ ' being a Papift, upon which the King came to the Houfe November 9. and affured the Houfe, that he would confent to any'Bills for fecuring the Proteftant Religion, provided they did not impeach the Right of Succeffion, nor the De} cent of the Crown in the true Line, nor the juft Rights of any Proteftant Succeffor. But tills not giving Satisfaftion, his Majefty. came to the 'Houfe again towards the latter End of December^ •««ta ? ¦ » ,^i fnmA\J j j ^ sWx, and (fie f^HTSfOUY^ Vof.# *'\r ahdfirft Prorogued, and then diffolved the f&tiftfik 1678. *^ter they had fet almojfteighteenjYears., 1 , v^-y-L ' " It tftay' be 'proper* iq obferye'cbgcerfiir^ . tht; Fop; Remarks Plot, that thV the KirigVLife1 might iiot^'W "! **if ^ diately struck at, yet there was foch fr>ong fivldet pfb Plot. t0 prove the'Reality of a Plot to fubverf *.» tion aha* introduce Popery, that no difinterefted §«§ And, Goo's terrible Voice, m tfy'eQity byjhelglague in^^^R1^' ff$vYe$js, 1665... He not qrih) preached I'd ,pubfick, v^?^ b^ ^fogct all the Sick that fent for him fri, their, infeft- ^edTJowe^' having no; Fear Of Death upon:him. He cbritinuedx in, Health a^ll die while, ; arid was afterwards ufe.r]iL; ta|,I the Times would permit, to a numerous Qap^egatiQn, being; generally, refpefted by T&en of a^fttPerfo.afi6hs ; , but his exceffive Labours put.an .End , talus Life."1 Cicloher 1-5'th, '" 1 6-y $'." in the Forty fifth Year .^fo^Age. , t. - ... v. _ rvtr^,1 fheophiluf Galeffft.^A. and ' Fellow '. of 'i^fog-- AndojMr. mf^nf College, Odfird^ 'was- ejefted front Wint;hefter,G^e- \f$pfp„ jie. had 'been' ftated Preacher for fome Time ; aftef,^Jl^ch he, travell'd Abroad as Tutor to the S,ohs of ^hilfplLord Wharton'd "Upon » his Return he, fettled with .^r..foMi-Rowe as; an Affiftant, in. "which Station ^sdled. The pxford Tdrftorian allows, That he « ... fa'M^ Q,§re^Reading^ ari exaft Philologist andPrii- l'pfopneri a leaf ned' and industrious Divjne^a^ appears byhts flol^t' of ft he (jtntiles, and, The VafiityofPda- gaw,Rhflojophy\ He kept .a'little Academy for tneTri- frju^iori^bf Youth, and was well yerfed in die; Fathers, .^eirig at the. fame Time, a good Metaphyfician;and " S:hwrDivirie^ ' He died of a Confumption this Year, ^trjeTorty ninth Ycfafbf his. Age. , _ v ' The King' having called a new Par liam ent to meet in 1 679. ,. Mar£h,al\ Parties exerted xtfiemfel ves in the Choice; the^ *w^. Non-Conformifts appeared generally for thofe; who .were f*r"<*? for profecuting the Popijh_ Plot, and jecuring a Prdtc-ment* -' ftani Succijjion : Thefe being efteemed Patriots of their Country,, in Oppofition to thofe who made a loud Cry for. the Church, and yet fell' in with the arbitrary Mea- fufes^dft^e Court, ' and the perfonal Intereft of the Duke of 'i?rkfi The Elections in many Places were Carried ^witl'greatjifeat, but ^erjt'. almoft every where againft ¦^^urif^M^rdRfipin, fays, That the '^fbyteriahs, m? long ;' oppreffed, Were ftjll numerous in Corpora- ^ Sw, io that 'by the Majority of their Votes, they cam* !^T1 J i 4 monly 488 The HI STf fe V&flfi*) Ktoj. rrionjy carried it in &roar or1 their FrieMsL,, The$*«'riw ^if^Co^^^t^^^B^arimh Mr$^t%§iw4teA ^^mp^^^^T^Jffenldrk being^on One -^|e^^4^ifl ;ing"in Prejucfi^ cfbis%JRi$fat cf SucceffioW^ ^88 further to fogr.; " himfe^3»J¥feewie People, and make a Shgw.of MjCJdfoiw rafioq^e.#glft-i Privy Courier!, was cho^^put pkd&te*! Low MJUjchcParty ; but this not fatisf^fog as long a?' v the pukf'tS- Succeffion was iri view, 'rjift Commons foon after the Seffions began, ordered 'a Bill :to- be-ib brought in to disable the Duke offi York from .for * heriting-die Imperial Crowri of £«rfeai? and car riedv t through the Houfe with a high ffind? Jjjpon which, u his^lVJajefty-came to the Houfe a^-^i&lved- them>-lw before they had fat three Moffffis. ^T^^dys^, the'; » Nation, into. new Convulfi6ris,iafof'pro^u,ce4-i-?fgi'ea^ia Numbqr: of , Pamphlets againft trie governments, foe ,-/ Adt.for-R^ftrainirvg the Prefs oeing lately expired, awofih Meal Tub The P-Pfijh Flit having fixed a Brand of Jnfiirigys^ Plot- and Ingratitude on the Whole' Body of the Roman fifo-lzm Bumet, tho|icks,rtta: Courtiers- attempted to relkve themi,; b£,D8 Rapm," fetyng !°n-' F0^ a ft>am Proteftant Plot, and fajthRriri^ivi p. 239, it upon the Prefbyterians :t For' this impofe mercer#-Vi 24c?. ry Spies were employed to bring News from all PsujSfcnc of ithe Town, which was then full of Cabals. uAfioi length a Plot was formed by one Dangcrficld, a fobtle^ and dangerous Papift, but a very Villain, who had been, in Gaol for Debt, but got but "by the Affiftance of oneqi Mrs.Cellierfhe Midwife, a lewd Woman, who( carried tt him.to die Countefs of Pozvis, whofe 'Hufband was in then" Tower, for the Popifh Plot; with her he? formed', his\ < Scheme, and having got aI,i'ft.oflhk|jsTame^f^e chief Proteftant Nobility arid Gentry^ s lie writ^reafonable r Letters to them^to be left at theit|oiifes .of the Non*^ Conformifts and. others- ih fev«=raf Pari ^£ EnglqH/ifi- that Search,. being %rade ''uport i^^^r^i^ff^^n *." rnuivtwd ;K'^'--''- '••,'-'-(RYy when- XI (.^ .3$ wheri' the1 Letters Hv'ere heflM^fbr-'Tf^forir'fhimlelfiritoitHcfCbrri^ EtfUm^ of* Poper$ jf K&| atidihe 'tyuke o /m§ refporidence. Having got fome little Acqiul? with' Colonel Manjel in Wefiminfier. he made up"1!?! die-' of feditious Letters, with the Affiftance of Mrs".'' -"' Cellierf-and Wing laid them in a dark* Gxt&MjP* ManjeTs Room behind the Bed, he fehtTorOffiSro. , from the dOuftom-Houje to fearch for prohibited C$roijSf If while fie Was our, ,of Town, but none Were found,-- i3£^r cept the'Bbhdfe'.bf Letters, which, upon Examin^*^ of the F.#ttecM:ned, before the King and Coi wef^bro^c^to^Sf' Counterfeit.; • upon which the^L difowne^ ' "ti^-plot, K and having taken &w£$Wan fiel$F&hfl6bfitit: him" to NewgateAdSik&W madb\ni&*m%.-£ellier's Houfe there wa0d9uf#a BobtH1 ihu%ff Meal Tub, written very fair* S^iiMH _. which contained the whdie''Sch1?mS0< wit, the-Fiftidh. It was dilated by hndfdPmff, Z1M} proved by; her Maid! td'.bp laid there' i>y y §<$$£$& turning the fame upon the Proteftants \ for^yjji^L and for preaching againft the Liberty, and Prf^^m the Subjeft, and the Privileges -of .Parfifment^ {he Houfe declared him a Scandal and Rfgftfyffijp b$ Projeffwn^o -try. t^i di -j.inhiK'i ptjiwsdw fsw . ,\ Death of , This > Year died the Reverend and {jeajsjod Mr. Mr.Mitu Matthew Pool, M. A: the ejefted Minifter of St., Mi- "'""' chad's Queme •, he was born in. Yorkjhire,, and educa- > ted in Emanuel College, Cambridge, a Divine of. £?£$ Piety, Charky, and Literature., He /was indefa|i^«,, 3 bly Laborious,^ and left behind him (fays the Oxf&jd. .vS'S Hiftorian) the Character of a moft celebrated; Critic^ .^L ^s and Cafuift. After ten Years hard Labour, by^ne -iAYio^ Affiftance of fome Noblemen and others, jje-pubfifoed %«» t\«4w his Synopfis Criticorum, in five Folio'sqp |je after- '-- wards entred on a Commentary upon the whole Bible, 1 ~ but finlfhedtno further than the fifty third Chapter of „D1£?!>6d. T.,TT 1 t» r ' 1 ¦ 1 Ifaiah : However, the Performance being yprj ^89 able, was; carried on, andjcoropleated by otljeiy Mr. Pool' publifhed feveral other, valug^k^jj Cal. cont.as tne Nullity, •oj the Romi/h. Faith &%l%3i?Jjic. p. 157 was threaten'd to be affaffiriated \{ his TXffiffi. ' Dir Dates'*. Wh he- therefore retirecV^g^^ CKsp.X of Be F tf ktfTAir s. 49^ died fas it is tfteugfet) "by Boifoa at: Amft^rdam,. m the ,,*% Month of OFtfber, 1679: J?tajfc\Fiiftydixon3Jf^ brtf ^^P- aii,©r.v^A9«fto| Goodwin, born .at: Rstisbyyd^Morfdk, \jS* and educated in Katherine Hall, Cambridge: MsyfasofDd' a ^reat Admirer of Dr; Prxfton? and iafwwards^h«SE- Thomas felf a -famous Preacher in; Cambridge*. In 1634*. heGfiodwi*»' 4efr the: Univerfity, being ddfio.tisfiecL jwido the Terms ^fCdriformity. In 1639. he went irsmHollmdi arttfl Bebame Paftor of an Independcmt .Congregation at Am- heim: He returned to London about the Beginning «f 3jJ5jg the Long Parliament, and Was one of the Diffenting ..afwr Brethren in the Affembly j of Drvinesl- After «tte r King's Death he was made President of Magdalen Col lege," and one of the Tryers of Minifters. He was 5h ^highEfteerri whhOliver Cromwel, and attended him On his Death-Bed. 0 In the common Regifter. of the Uni verfity he is faid to- be, In Jcriptis Theologicis quam ifluridhis-"orbi not'us, i. e. Well known . to the World by niSny-the^logieal Writings, af After the Reftoration fe was 'ejefted'' frotia his Brefidentfhip,. and retiredto London, where he continued the Exercife of his Mini ftry to his Death, which happen'd Feb. ifd. 1679-80. 5 &»<-. 'Dukfi'tSueceffionj and to choofe fuch Members for tlie -- v « jjexf P^rlrarrient as fhall sip the King's Bufinefs accord- , ... "ing^QI1l'is( Mind- But notwithftanding ajf that the Court •; ^quk^ old, the neaF Approach of a Popifo SuccefTpr ^wa£eri*cl Meri^Fears^ and kept them upon their Guard. 'V,,-.The^PEj,"i^"^^?#sj for the 'Sitting of the P^arlia- Which m en V,aj^'j their Atiyerfaj;ies, the Alp h o r r e,r s of fuchgw R'fr Petitions,-, g^' ^fe"^td^ the tyo- grand Parties Which ^J^f ' have fince divided' the T^atiphrurider the dlftinguifh-** °ry" fog Narnes of Whig, arid Tory. -p; 'br•"" l;}.;The' Whxgs or Ldw ...Chwrghm^ -were theOfthe more zealous PrdtetfaritSy declared Enemies to Popery, Whigs. and willing to( rembve-Jd a farther- Ditfarice from their Superflitions Tthey were firm to the. Conftitution and Liberties of their Country^ and for*an Union, or at feaft a Toleration of Diffenting Proteftants. The Clergy of this -Perfuafion were generally Men ,©f larger Erfociples, and therefore were diftinguifhed fey tjfie Name of Latitudinari'an Divines ; their Laity were remark- ?a,ljl'e for their Zeal in promoting the Bill fif.Exclufioni as-tEV,, pnly Expedient to fecure the Proteftant Efta- feiijhmehi in "this Kingdom. They .were for confining ^e^pya-i prerogative within the. Compafs of sjhe Law, for w^iicli -Reafon thejf Adverfaries charged .tfietii with Mepubiican. Principles, and'gave them the reproachful 'l4^ oT-Whi e(<)r "^icr-M/^ a Name, firft given W tins most tigi&Scats Covenanters. " f: , -\ i-.k %"' ' J' " ' " 'The .(' - .» vi^v^L.JSing. above. Law ; they weafcJfotQ; all theqat^tfat^j Of #J»-/.-«pMirf Meafures, and .adopted into «ur:^d%kwbrs3%s Tories. Or. WeltsfoodiJ* % tMabawetan;^ PriBGap^vunder zftbsn Memi ¦- ¦ Names ditPaftms^Ohditnce. wdc:Nm^-ej$anv£,nwi$$$l p. 125.*- ^ finee theTimesobf that Inap|rfi*r .whof^ft.broadb'&i^t [£ has: been? the. .Means. to baiftaviE a great'iforfiafo ^; r.hfirfjj World.j',a3?i»^e Gentlemen deatied morJeJoaabGoatoi^eri] Burnett ^^ tte^apif|sihan.wiliht'hePirefoyteriaris.r:^ Colieft. offi i^m^aifoQ and Authdrky, of the.Chuseir, andJrerer, Debates, f<^ forcing the, Nan-Conformrfts to -come. Jrjto it; dhy, p. 163. all. Kinds -of coercive Methods ;. »b«ut with, alilheifo Zeit they were\gene5jaily Perfons fl^kx.JBiddiffoluti Morals^ arid [would rifle' the whole Proteftant ReligipHj rather than go into, any .Meafures of Exclufion, .or. Limitation of a ;. Popifh iSucceflOE. Moft. of the ^Cier:gy')(fay&a * f^eoaber^f Parliament) are irifeftedwifo the£We^ Principles of raiting Money without rPartJaraejot »cQB{ t^|h?:Ctergy^ ,-fo that all derive their) Politicks from oris >\V;'or two, and are under the Influence of an over^awing, ,"**V rPojwerv.i No- Men did. more .to enflave the- Nation, ^^^-'^a^inttdduceiPopcir/dnto the Eftablifoment than they ; '",.': their Adverfafeies therefore gave them the.NajBfc ofe T-OiR-ifeSi ,a i: Name, firft given to Irijb. Robbers,l$rhQ K^dupdn Plunder, and. were prepared . for any daring ortyillaifeous Enterprke. . ~-itJt$pvo, .. . -sd i%d\ -,j" "V ..The-vNodtC^nformifts fell in "unanimously- with jpe ,.nic n fldfrigs .$c hLm Churchmen in all Pofotsi- relating- a? r"r* Lifoerty/aod the Civil Conftitution, as they 'tnafi-al* wa?ys ,do if they are confiftent with themfelves; JSufc;, ti>efe: withitk^r. Allies were not a.fuffici«at;Bail&ntae for the Toriej,d.fh$ Roadfito Preferment being the. .othron Way ; but they were kept in Heart with •fomexfecrefi, /^wv.* Hapes,-.thaj; kya fteady 1 Adherence to ,the Co0i.tufion wo*, ^gy foould one Time or joftbe>.t obtain A-k$$.;ToJbn& ¦*«\«^ tjettAn Jf,thetRs«id(?r will keep in mind trie .Diftfoc&ian between thefe ntwo PartieSj and the fuperipr Influence ¦£M?t l. of CViap.X. of ''tbe'Y&'-KlPrA&t. 495 of th£cT$ries .above the Whigs, he wilisafily account Kjtg for the ' Severities which befel the IKfonKMtBcnrifts in'^1'*1*^ the tatter ^aife of Tilris^R^gn' b : "s.v* -.v->d*?. ;_¦ J^^, Whewithe -Parliament 'met OMoher 2X. dfakQamtproceed- rutins were 'very warm in maintaining the Proteftant ings of vfv Rfelirik>n,.?o*ti the Privileges of Parliament.. iThey af-fW"" fcrftel'iiiheeRights of the People to petition ibr the Sk* ""*'." tiflg of Parliaments, and voted the Abchor.rers Be- ^68, trayeii of the Libertids:of the. Nation.' Among other Eachard, Grievances they complained, that the Edge of the Pe-p- 995- n&l -Laws was turned againft Pradeftmtt Diffenters, While/the PapiftsTema&ied in a manner untouch'd -»-*¦ Thaf the Teft Aft had little EffeQ becaufie the Rapijh ^ i eithwby Difipenfiat ions obtained jromSsm!ie,ifiibmisttid to vfoje Thefts, and hd£limr Offices tiwmJiMa i'i or thofe pfflin their Places tmrtjo favourable to the -fame Inte rs/fop that Popery it felf- "Bad rather gained than iafi 'Ground. by that AfdL -They declared, fof that very f \ ^f Assoc j OCT 1 our to revenge the King's jDfeath ntponiic"5 ff~!~ Papifts^ if his Majefty ihould happen to NbeaHaffmii^ ' q^o ,q ted, which the Xome^ hid abhorred % and m-the Moritk of November revived the Bili/fiig pre1- Memoin, vailed withhim to abandon his Brother for* & large Sum p" "7* cfiiMorteyi-and an Aft of Parliament fopfiim to drf- pt&$tfMlfe®ravm by Will^under emakiiSieftfiftions'V butr a : foreign ; Popifh Court offering more Money, he oppofed fitctb the laft. m iqs ,2."- VThe^rlianrteut feeing inclined 4:0 relieve- the Wort-Attempts Gonformifts, appointed aCornm upori: ^Comprehenfion >wivb the ^Diffenters upon m£htrehenf10"' theifarrre Terms ^tfr thofe already Mentioned j *fc«f 1. were 49$ •?*"* HI 8 TORY .-Vol. IV. ^"¦f vreroto ijtffifcribethe Doctrinal Articles of the Church ; '^j^P'the SEw^Wifafl-tQ be omitted, except in Cathedrals v>"v-v* and the King's Chapel ;. the Ceremonies to be left in- .'rti.otjldrftelteQt^ .And. as for fuch Pfoteftarits as could not be v. a .a comprehended within thefe Terms they were to have a - '¦"'-¦ ;'ToIeratibn,.andifreedom from the Penal Statutes, up- '." "";'!' on 'Gaadfcfoa.: of fubfcribing a Declaration of Allegi- 2', d. arfce^ eye. and of affeihbling..with. open Doors. Bi- thzr. -.1 ¦¦¦! fhop. Burnet fays, The Bill for a Comprehenfion was .?;-) <; offered by the Epifcopal Party in the Houfe of Com mons,' bit that the Friends of the Diffenters, did not •feerri forward to promote it, becaufe (as Mr* Baxter 16bferV.es) they. found the Bill. would. not go 1 or if it had paffed the Commons it Would have been thrown out by the Bifhops in the Houfe ofLord^v the Ctergj (fays Kennet) being no further in Earneft than as tjoey apprehended, the Knife oj the Papifts at thefr Throats. Sfeechet T, , when thei above-mentioned Bill, was brought into Eaclrard ^e Houfe Dkiemfter 1 1 . entituled; AnA&for. uniting p. 999.' -bii Majefty's s Proteftant Subjecls, the firft German tf the* Gburt Party that fpoke againft it, Md, ,S* Tbire V^l ^ Were a Sort of Men who would neither, be advifed J^f'f.^'not over-ruled,-, but under the Pretence of Confei- \J^'f ^Mieace Jbreik violently through alt. Laws whatfoever, .-idd& to the great Difturbance both of Church and State i tBothiarefore he thought 1 it more convenient to have a -*&Law for. forcing the Diffenters t to yield tM.^i,if:,Qriceth0Gdvernnient fiiould, begin to yield to the vS1 ¦"tfrDifienters-iit would be as in,- Forty One, nothing .V would ferve but an Utter Subversion ; the, receiving **of one Thing would give Occafion for demanding ¦*\ more; and it would be irrtpofiible tdgive them any " Satisfaftion without laying all open, and running in-: . >• . A-** td Confufion." f This was the common Lasgyajge of «•¦ '¦> *• ^he Toffes,-tBut then why was notthe Experiment tri^d.? •^ d..-. Has the Church ever moved a Pin, of abated a fingle Ceremonyt to gain over the whole Bpdy qf the fSf#»- -- - v Conformifts Chap.%, of the Pit rut a,vis. -407 Conformifts ? There has^rt a lou^ Cry againft them King for their Obilinacy and Perverfenefs, but not a fingfe CharlesII. Cjonc^fiion has been offered fince the Reftoration, to^^^, let, the World fee how far they woulcT yield ; or fry *^V^ receiving a .Denial to get an Opportunity to re,prpa*ch then} with greater Advantage., , But in favour, of the BUI if was faid by others, " That it was.fotended forOthers h ^theePjefe^vation of the Church,, aridttie' beft Bill/"war •/ V.vthat could, be made, , in order , thereto, all Circum- "' «fp.fi:jnfves, confidered — -r^If we are, to deal with-a.ftubT %bpxji Sorf,©! People, -who. in many Things prefer >V their Humour before Reafon, or their, own Safety, " or the publfek Good, "this is. a very good Time td ff-jv&fi whether, they will be drawn by the Cords of *' Love pr no, The Bill will be Very agreeable to "t\t,hat Chriftian CJharitjr which our Church profeffes j "and k rnay be hoped, that in the Time of this im- ^mijjgnf Danger they will .confider their own Safety, V, and. foe Safety of $$, Proteftant Religion, and nq if longe^eep, aj-fobt the unhappy Divifions among *f- uSi on $hkh the Papifts ground their Hopes ; but " when ||?ey. fee ,thq Church fo far condefeend, a| to " difpenfe witli the Surplice, and thoje other Things *', theyjcruple, that they, will fubmit to the reft which ".are enjoined by Law, that fo we may unite againft *) the ccommon Enemy., But if this ~BiJl foould not lf ;haye the. dgfired. Effeft, but on the contrary the \S Diffenters .fhould continue pheir Animofities and V; Difobedjence to the ^hurcj), I think ftill thei "..Church will gain very much hereby, and leave the '£ , Party w^trjut. , Excufe — - " This feems agreeable 7, /, ^ tgcR^dfen. jfc , and a ' B^jhfi^jrh^ Bill for a Comprehenfion was committed, BUI for a i^id,JMP3^^.'9oufev.^ul^as changed for another, ^deration, entituled,- ..4nfdi£l. to exempt his Majefty's Proteftant"trhee'f'^vm Sjufij^s^tliffenting from the Cfiurch of England, firom the Penal. t\'&. Penalties , impofed \Upm, ftjhe ¦ Papifis by the ASl oj&s of 35 W^Elizh This terrible Law had 'lain dormant a\-fhz,- ^di'Zd'. . T'-""" It •' 1 " : 1 J '-- J „.t. introduced. moft- Eighty 3(ears, but was now revived, and threa-5urnet> ;'%.Q bdlH? K ^ " " ^'^P- 494- 498 The HISTORY' VoUV. King ten'd to be put in Execution1 by the Tories-.,- The Re-S Ch^U'P^l paffed the Houfe of Commons with a high Hand, y^fitj but went heavily through the Houfe of ,_ Lords ; the Bijhops apprehending that the Terror of. the Law With- iriight be of , forne ufe while in force; Bufcfwhen )i drawn hy foould have been offer'd for the Royal Affent at. the the Ckrk QQfe of the Seffibn, it was. miffing^: and. never heard, of Crown. any mor?i die Clerk of the Crown having withdrawn it from the Table, , by the King's particular Order. The King (fays Bwnel) had no mind openly to. deny the Bill, but lefs mind to pafs it, and; therefore this iU legal Method was taken, which was. an high Offence in the Officer of the Houfe, and would have been fe- verely. punifhed. in, the next Seffion, Jf the. Parliament had nof been abruptly diffolved. Thus the Non^Qon*- formifts, /were fawn to. Pieces between the. King, the Bifhops, and the Parliament; when Orie -.Patty, was willing to give them Relief, the other always-jftpod kit the Way. The, Parliament was .their Enemy for above twelve Year(s, and now They are fqften'd, the King and the Court Bifhops- are inflexible, and his Majefty .will rather break the Conftitution in pieces, tiian exempt them from an old Law/.which threaten'd them wifo Banifhment add Death. Votes of the . However, the Morning before the Honfe. was pro- Cammons. r0gued, January io. two Votes were paffed of a very Eachard. extraordinary Nature. " i. Refolved, Nemine Con-r " tradicente, that it is,, the Opinion pj this Houfe, ." That the Atls oj Parliament made mJhe Reigns of " Sjueen Elizabeth and King James againft Popijh Recu- cc Jants ought not to be extended againft Proteftant Dif- " fenters. z. , Refolved, that it is the Opinion qf this " Houfe, That the Profecution oj Proteftant Diffenters " upon the Penal Laws is at this Time grievous to the " Subjeft, a weakening, the Proteftant , Intereft, an " Encouragement to Popery, and dangerous to the p. 495. " Peace oj the Kingdom.." Bifoop Burnet fays, thjs w.ts thought an Invasion of the Legiflature, when. one Houfe pretended to fufpend, the Execution of the Laws, Chap. X. of the Pu r i t A N s. 499 Laws, which* was to aft like Dictators in the State. King But with all due Submiffion I fhould think that a CharlesII. Houfe of Commons, which is not fuffered to fit and yj-y^,/ repeal Laws, or when they have repealed them have J their Bills withdrawn illegally by the Crown, may have liberty to declare the Continuance of thofe Laws bur denfome to the State. They muft do fo (fays Mr. Coke) in order to a Repeal. If the Bill for the Repeal p. 561. of the old Popifh Aft de Haretico comburendo. for burning Hereticks, which the Parliament-were afraid bright be revived in a Popifh Reign,, had been loft iii this Manner, might not the Parliament have declared the Execution of that Law a Weakening to the Prote ftant Intereft, or dangerous to the Peace of the King dom ? But While the Parliament was endeavouring to re- Dr. Stil- lieve the Diffenters, and charging the Miferies of thelingfleet Kingdom upon the Papifts; many of the Bifhops and '"""fi" f Clergy of the Church of England were pleated to fes^ijinters. the Court enclined to profecute the Non-Conformifts. The Clergy in general (fays Rapin) were attached to p. Z76. the Court ; Men of doubtful Religion were prorhoted; and there was reafon to charge them with leaning to Popery. Even fome of the better Sort 'who writ againft Popery, went fo far into the Court Meafures as to 'charge the Calamities of the Times upon the Non- Cdnformifts ; and to raife the Cry of the Populace againft them. Dr. Edward Stilling fleet, who had writ an Irenicum in favour of Liberty, and againft Impqfi- tions, now turned about, and in his Sermon before the Lord Mayor, May 2. intituled, The Mifchief of Sepa ration, condemried all the Diffenters as Schijmdticks ; and Very gravely advifed them not to complain of Per fecution. 'When the Sermon Was publifhed it brought r^w upon the Doftor feveral learned Adverferies, as Mr.^/"''»'« Baxter, Mr. Alfiop, Mr. Howe, Mr. Barrel, and-Dr.^'" ¦Owen- ; from which laft Divine, who writ with great ' Temper and Serioufnefs, I will venture to trartferibb the following Paffage, without entering into the Argu-- K k 2 ment: 500 The H I S T O R t Vol.IV, King ment: " After fo many of the Non-Conformifts have Ch^1Lil died in common Gaols (feys the Doftor) fo many v«^v->-/ " have endured long Imprifonrnerits, nbt a few be- P- 5'3»54-" ing at this Day in' the fame Durance ; fo many " driven from their Habkations* into a wandering " Condition to preferve for a while the Liberty of " their Perfons; fo many have been reduced to Want " and Penury by the taking away their Goods, and " from fome the very Inftruments of their Livelihood. " After the Profecution that has been againft therrviri «' all Courts of Juftice in this Nation, dri Iriforma1- " tions, Indiftments, and Suits, to1 the great Charge " of all who have been fo perfecuted, and the Ruin " of fome. After fo many Minifters and their Fami- «' lies have been brought into the utmoft outward «* Straits which Nature can fubfiffxmder;- after all " their perpetual Fears and Dangers wherewith they " have been exercifed" and difquieted, they think it " hard to be cenfur'd for Complaining, by them who Collyer, « are at eafe." The Doftor endeavoured to' fupport p. 900. ^js charge by the Suffrage of the FrencB" Prefbyteri ans ; and Compton Bifhop of London writ tcr^Morifieur Le Moyne, and feveral others, for their Opinions, a.s if Truth was to be determined by Numbers ; 6t> as if the Englijh Prefbyterians could pay a vaft Deference to their Judgments, who had fo deceived them at the Reftoration. The Minifters, after high Strains of Com pliments to the Englijh Bifhops, declared, that they were of Opinion, their Brethren might comply; and, that they were not for pufihing Things to Extremity only for a diffe rent Form ofi Government. Which the Dr. and his Friends interpreted as a Dechion in their Favour. But did not the Bifhops pufh Things to Extremity, by enforcing the fanguinary Laws ? Were thefe Proteftant Methods of Conversion ? The French Minifters complained fof ficiently of this about five Years after, at the RevoCa- Vol. I. tion of the Edift of Nantz -, and Bifhop Burnet adBs P- l89- of Dr. Stillingfleet, That he not only retrafted his Ire- nicum, but went into the Humours of the high Sort' of People Chap.X. of the Pur i ta n s. 501 People beyond what became him, perhaps beyond his King r o-wn Senfie ofi Things. , CharlesII. This Year died Mr. SfephenCharnock, B. D. firft J^^ of ' Emapuet College, Cambridge; and afterwards Pel- Death low of New College, Oxford. He was Chaplain to°fMr. . -.' Henry Cromwel Lieutenant of Ireland, and was much Chamoci|. refpefted by the Gentry and Perfons of Quality in the City of Dublin for his Gentleman-like Behaviour. After the Reftoration he returned into England, and became Paftor of a fieparate Congregation in London, where he was admired by the more judicious Part of his Hear ers, tho' not popular, becaufe of his difadvantagious Way of reading with a Glafs: He was an eminent Di vine, and had a good Judgment, a curious Fancy, and a strong Manner of Reafoning, as appears by his Works printed fince his Death in two Volumes Folio; which were no other than his common Sermons tran- fcribed ffqm his Notes ; his Stile is manly and lofty, and his Thoughts fublime : His Love, and Charity were very extensive, and there was no part of Learn ing but he was acquainted with. He died July 2 7, 1680, aged Fifty two. The King having parted with his laft Parliament in '68i. Difpleafure, without being able to obtain any Money, J** °x- refolved once more to try a new One ; and apprehend- ifameff' ing that the Malecontents were encouraged by theE. " Neighbourhood of the City of London, he summoned p. IOO?* them to meet at Oxjord ' j the Members for London be- Rapin, ing the feme as before, had a Paper put into their P- 28^, Hands by four. Merchants in the Name of all the Citi zens then affembled in Common Hall, containing a Re turn of their moft hearty Thanks for their faithful and unwearied Endeavours in the two laft Parliaments to fearch into the Depth of the Popifh Plot, to preferve the Proteftant Religion, to promote an Union among his Majefty's Proteftant Subjefts, to repeal the 35th of JElizabeth, and the Corporation Acl, and to pro mote the Bill oj Exclufion, and to requeft their Conti-, ,nuance of the fame. The Members being afraid of K k 3 Via- 502 The HISTORY. Vol.I^ King Violence were attended to Oxjord with a numerous CharlesII. Body of Horfe having Ribbons in their Hats,, with J^A^ thefe Words, No Popery ; No Slavery ; the Citizens having promifed to ftand by them with their Lives and Fortunes. Many other Papers of the like Nature. were prefented to the Members in the ; feveral Counties, The King in his Speech at the Opening the Seffions^ March 21. reflected feverely on the laft Parliamenfj and faid, He was refiolved to maintain the Succeffion of the Crown in the right Line, but for quieting Peoples Fears he was willing to put the Adminiftration into the They re- Hands of a Proteftant Regent -, but the Commons. re- viw the jedted the Proposal, to the inexpreffible Joy of the BExdion Duke's Party> ^d ordered the Bill ofi Exclufion to be xi upon. |Dr0Ugjit jn agajn> jn ,-jje mean Time a Motion was ctdingsZ- made to confider of the Lofs of the Bill in favour of the 'Lut the Diftenters laft Parliament. Sir William Jones, faid* with- " The Bill was of great Momentland Service to the drawing « Country, and mightlbe, to their Lives, iri.the Time tkn BUL " of a Popifh Succeffor ; but be the, Bill what it will; f the Precedent was. of .the higheft Confequenceii the " King has a Negative to all. Bills;,- but, furely the- " Clerk of the Parliament has not. If this. Way f- be found out, that Bills fhall be throwmby,; it may " hereafter be faid, they were forgot and kid by, and " fo we fhall never know whether the King would pafs " them or no: If this.be fuffer'd 'tis in vain to fpend " Time here — " In Conclufion this Affair was referr'd to a Conference with the Houfe cf Lords, which was frustrated by thehafty Diffolution of the Parliament... Fitz Har- They next went upon the Libel of one Fiiz-Harri-s+ tv? s flam an Irijb Papift, which was a fecond Meal Tub plot, Plot de promoted in the Name of the Non-Conformifts; the stain tl "the Libel was to be fent by Penny Poll Letters tothe Lords Diffenters. who had protefted in favour of the Bill of Exclufion, Bumet, and to the Leading Men in the Houfe of Commons, P- 497- who were immediately to be taken up and fearched. Eachard. gverar^ who was Fitz Harris's. Confident, and be-i tray'ed the Secret, affirmed, That the King himfelf. was) Chap. X. of the P u r i T&-N-&. 503 was privy to it, as Fitz Harris's WifetSverrMto a King Perfon of Worth many Years after ; that his Majefty CharlesII, had given Fitz Harris Money, and promifed him.J^J more if it met with Succefs. ' The. Libel was to, traduce HidLibel. the King and the Royal Family as Papifts, and arbitra rily affefted from the Beginning, and fays, That King Charles I. had a Hand in the Irijb Rebellion,—- That the Aft forbidding to call the King a Papift was only to flop Mens Mouths, and that it was . as much in the Power of the People to depofe a Popijh Poffeffor as a Popifh Succeffor.. It was entituled, the True Englifo- Man jpeaking plain Englifh -, and adds, '.' If James " be confeious arid guilty, Chjvrles. is fo too ; be- " lieve me? thefe two Brothers in Iniquity are in Con- '-' federacy with the Pope and the French to introduce " Popery and Arbitrary Government, and to caft off " Parliaments, Magna Chart a, and the Liberty of " the Subjeft, as heavy Yokes, and to be as arbitrary " as the King of France — Let the Englijh move and " rife as one Man to Self-Defence 5 blow the Trum- " pet; fland On your Guard, and withftand them as " Bears and Tigers — Truft to your Swords in de- " fence of your Lives, Liberties and Religion, like u the flout Earl of old, who told his King, If he " could not be defended by Magna Chart a, he would " be relieved by Longa Spada." ¦ He goes on to re proach the King with the Breach of his Scots Oaths, Breda Promijes, Proteftant Projeffion, Liberty oj. Con fidence, as- defigned only to delude Proteftants ; and puts him in mind of all his political and moral Vices, -as intended to debauch the Nation, to promote the Popifh Religion and Arbitrary Government, &e. Thus were the Non-Conformifts to be expofed again to the Refentments of the Nation ; but when the Sham was difcovered to the Houfe of Commons by Sir William Waller he had the Thanks of the Houfe, and Fitz Harris, tho' impeached in Parliament, was tried by a Jury, and executed with Dr. Plmket the titular Primate of Ireland. The Whigs would have K k 4 feved 504 The H I S T Q R Y Vol.1 VD King favetf Fitz Harris, tho' a Papift, in hopes- of his be» ' cl|™Ling an Evidence in the Popifh Plot; but' the Court v^-v^ refolved to difpatch him out of the Way, that he He is * might tell no more Tales. executed. The King hearing that the Bill of Exclufion was . Sudden to he brought into the Houfe again, went suddenly, ''' ^¦^p^* and not very decently (fays Burnet) to the Houfe ofr Hament. Lords fo a Sedan, with the Crown between his Feet, Burnet, &a& having put on his Robes in haft, called up the ;- p. 499. Commons and diffolved his fifth and laft Parliament, after they had fat but feven Days. As foon as his Ma* ' jefty got out of the Houfe he rid away in all hafle to Windfior, as one that was glad he had got rid of his* ¦ "< Parliament, which was the laft that he called ; tho' he - lived three or four Years after. And here was an End > of the Conftitution and Liberties of England for the < prefent ; all that followed to the King's Death was no "3 more than the Convulsions and Struggles of a dying ) Man. The King raifed what Money he wanted withr -\ out Parliaments ; he took away all the Charters of Eng^- land, and governed abfolutely by his fovereign Plea- f&ngsDc- fore. April the 8th the King publifhed a Declaration ¦ claration to ^// fcs iovjng Subjefts, touching the Caufes andRea- ef R?aJonsj-ons that moved him to dijfolve the two laft Parliaments ; ' < ' and ordered it to be read in all the Churches and Cha pels throughout England.. It contains a Recital of his' Majefty's Condefcenfions for the Security of the Prote-j ftant Religion, as Jar as was confiftent with the SucceJ-: fion oj the Crown in the lineal Defcent ; and a large Rehearfal of the unfuitable Returns of the Commons. — " But notwithftanding all this (fays his Majefty) let " not thefe Men, who are labouring to poifon our " People with Commonwealth Principles, perfoade any " of our Subjefts that we intend to lay afide the Ufe of vC Parliaments, for we ftill deqlare, that no Irregulari-' " ties in Parliaments foall make us out of love with " them, ; and we are refolved,- by die Bleffing of God, " to haye frequent Parliaments.;" and yet he 1 never called another',,' Several Andhymous Remarks were' made Chap.X. -of the Puritan f. £05 made upon this Declaration to weaken its Influence. King But the Court ufed all their Intereft among the People CharlesII. to fupport it: Addreffes were fent from all Parts, ^^J^j thanking the King for his Declaration, promifing to fopport his Majefty's Perfon and Government with their Lives and Fortunes. Moft of them declared againft the Bill ofi Exclufion, and for the Duke's Suc ceffion (as has been obferved.) Some ventur'd to ar* Burnet, raign the late Parliament as guilty of Sedition andP-S°°» Treafon, and to pray his Majefty to put in Execution5 ' the Statute of 35 Eliz., againft the Non-Conformifts, The Grand Juries, the Bench of Juftices in ^e Coun ties, Boroughs and Corporations over England, the Companies in Towns, and at laft the very Apprenti ces, fent up Addreffes. Thofe that brought them were well treated at Court, and fome of them knight ed. Many zealous Healths were drank, and in their Cups the fwaggerings of the old Cavaliers feemed to be revived. One of the moft celebrated Addreffes was from the Univerfity of Cambridge, prefented by Dr. Gower, Mafter of St. John's, which I fhall give the Reader as a Specimen of the reft. It begins thus, " Sacred Sir ! We your Majefty's moft faithful and Addrefi "obedient Subjefts have long, with the greateft and (^fL, " fincereft Joy, beheld the generous Emulation of 'our efc&m- " Fellow-Subjefts, contending who fhould beft ex- bridge. " prefs their Duty to their Sovereign at this Time, " when the feditious Endeavours of unreafonable Men «? have made it neceffary to affert the ancient Loyalty « of the Englijh Nation. It is at prefent the "- great Honour of this your Univerfity, not only to " be ftedfaft and conftant in our Duty, but to be " eminently fo, and to fuffer for it as much as the " Calumnies and Reproaches of faftious and malici- " ous Men can inflict upon us. And that they have " not proceeded to Sequestration and Plunder, as here- " tofore, next to the Over-ruling Providence of Al- " mighty God, is only due to the Royal Care and " Pruderieeof your moft facred Majefty, who gave " fo £o& The, H I STORY Vol. IV. ^ " fo feafenable a Check to their arbitrary and infolent am-leai.« Undertakings. We ftill believe and maintak,- Sef+ysj " that ¦¦our'. Kings derive not their Power from the " People, but from. God; that to. him only they are ac- *' countable-, that it belongs not to Subjefts either to " create or cenjure, but to honour and obey their Sove- " m£#, -who, comes to be Jo by a fundamental, Jjeredi- " tary Right ofi Succeffion, which no Religion, no Law, " no Fault or Forfeiture can alter or diminijh ;\ hdf ut into _ the Hands, of the moft profligate Wretches in the 'Na>- tion. - ; . ¦ The Juftices of Middlejex fhewed great Forward- Orders of nefs, and reprefented to' his Majefty in December,'1" .^"S " That an Intimation jpf his Pleafure was neceffary at n/ " this Time to the putting the Laws in Execution Eachard. " againft Conventicles, becaufe when a Change was "lately given at die Council Board to, put the Laws " in -Execution againft Popifh Recufants. no mention " was made of fupprefling Conventicles." Upon this his Majefty commanded the Lord Mayor, Al dermen, and Juftices, to ufe their utmoft Endeavour to fupprefs all Conventicles and unlawful Meetings, upon- Pretence of Religious Worfhip, for it was his exprefs Pleafure, that the Laws be effeftually put in Execution againft them, both in City and Country. Accordingly the Justice? of Peace at their Seffipns at Hickes's Hp.ll, Jan. 13. order'd, " That whereas the " Conftables and Church- Wardens, &c. of every Pa- " rifo and Precinc]t within the faid County, had been ¦' enjpined laft Seffions to make a Return the firft Day ", of this, of the Names of the Preachers in Convem ".tides, and the moft confiderable Frequenters of the 'V feme within their feveral Limits j which Order, not " being obeyed, but contemned by, fome, it was " therefore by the, Juftices .then affembled defired, that % the Lord Bifoop of Lqndgn will pleafe to, direct; Z n tholp 508 The HI STORY Vol.IV. King « thofe Officers which, are underpins Jurifdiftion, to c^a^esI1-" ufe their- utmoft- Diligence, that all foch ¦Perfon^ V«y>^ " may be excommunicated who commit Crimes cfe- " ferving the Ecclefiaftical Cenfure; and that the feid " Excommunications may be publifhed in,.;the. Pa- *' rifhes where the Perfons live, that they may..p£.i#- " ken Notice of, and be obvious to the. -Penalties, that " belong jto Perfons excommunicate, {viz.) Not to bj> '* admitted fior a Witnefis, or returned upon, Juries, oj ¦*' capable oj fifing Jor any 'Debt." They further pjv dered at the fame Time, *' That the < Statute, of the " firft of Eliz; and third of King James, be putJa *' due Execution, for the levying twelve Pence per *' Sunday upon foch Perfons who repaired not to Di- " vine Service and Sermons at their 'Parifh., or/d©me *' other publick Church." All which, ( fays -Mt- Eachard) made way for all. Sorts of ^Profecuriojis, bot|i in City and Country, which in many Places .were oar-* ried on with great Spight and Severity, > where there never wanted bufy Agents and Informers, of whjch,a few were fufficient to put the LaWs in. Execution^ i fa that the Diffenters this Tear, and much longer -(fays he) met with cruel and unchriftianUJage; which oc casioned great Complaints among the People, and fome fevere Reflections on the King himfelf. Treatifies It was not in the Power of the Church-Whigs to re* publifhed fieve the Non-Conformifts, nor deliver them from the ™/d7Z. $*& of the Penal Laws> whkh were in the Hands, of ten! their Enemies. All that could be done was to encou rage their Conftancy, and to write fome compaffionate Treatifes to move the People in their Favour, by fhew- ing them, that while they were plundering and de ftroying their Proteftant Diffenting Neighbours .they were cutting the Throat of the whole Reformed Rehf. gion, and making way for the Triumphs of Pfopcry upon its Ruins. ' Among other Writings of this Sort, the moft famous was, The Conf ormifis Pea for, the Non-Conformifts, in four Parts, by a beneficed Minifter epnd a regular' Son oj the Church ej England. Jn whicfy \ the Chap.X. of the Pu Ri TAtf s. ^09 the Author Undertakes to fhew, 1. The Greatnefs of King their Sufferings. 2. The.Hardnefs of their Cafe. CharleslL 3 . The Reaforiabjenefs and Equity of their Propofals i*f 8 tm for Union. 4. The Qualifications and Worth of their ^*x^ Minifters. £.. Their peaceable Behaviour. 6. Their Agreement with the Church of England in the Articles of her Faith. 7. The Prejudice to the Church by their Exclufion ; and then concludes, with an Account of the infamous Lives, and lamentable Deaths, of fe veral of the Irifbrmers. It was a rational and moving Performance, but had no Influence on the Tory Jufti ces, and Tribe of Informers. There was no ftemming the Tide ; every one who was not a furious Tory (fays Rapin) Was reputed a Prefbyterian. Moft of the Clergy were with the Court, and diftin-73* C«»- guifoed themfel'ves on the Side of Perfecution. Thed"fil°f tht Pulpits every where refounded with the Doftrines of^^ Paffive-Obedience and Non-Refiftance, which were car-clergy. ried ifd all the Heights of King Charles I. No Eaftern Monarch-5 (according to them) was more abfolute thari the King of 'England. They expreffed foch a Zeal for Rapin, the Duke's Succeffion, as if a Popifh King over a Pro-P- 3°9> teftant Country had been a fpecial Bleffing from Hea-j^et ven. They likewife gave themfelves fuch a Loofep. j0I' againft Proteftant Non-Conjormifts, as if nothing was fo formidable as that Party. In all their Sermons Po pery Was quite forgot (fays Burnet) and the Force of their Zeal Wis turned almoft wholly againft Proteftant Diffenters. ' In many Country Places the Parfion oj the Parijh, who could- fwagger and drink, and "fwear with the moft notorious Rakes in his Neighbourhood, was put into the Commiffion of the Peace, and made it confiding Juftice, by which means he was both Judge and Party in his own Caufe. If any of his fober Pa rifoioners did not appear at Church they were fore to be fent- for; and inftead of the Mildnefs and Gentlenefs Of a Chriftian Clergyman, they ufually met with haughty and abufive Language, and the utmoft Rigor the LaW could foftift. There was alfo a great Change. made £ id The HISTORY VolWf King made fo the Commiffions all over England. A Set of CharlesII. c^fiding Magifirates was appointed ; and none were vjf^, left on the Bench or in the Militia that did not declare ***** for the arbitrary Meafores of the Court j and fuch of the Clergy as would not engage in this Fury were de claimed againft as Betrayers oj the Church, and fecret Favourers of the Diffenters; but the Truth is (fays the Bifoop") the Number ofi fiober hotieft Clergymen wad not great, for where the Carcafs is, the Eagles will be gathered together. The Scent of Preferment will draw afpiring Men after it. Upon the Whole, the Times were very black at prefent, and the Profpeft under a' Popifh Succefibr more threatning. ¦ Sufferings It would fill a Volume to go into all the Particulars i*- at, their Inftance "many had been plundered without a ^^m Juridical Procefs -,'that feven hundred of them were now in Prifon in feveral Par£ of England, and espe cially about Brifiol ; but it availed nothing. In the Midft of thjs furious Perfecution foe Famous DeaA «/" Mr. Thpnias Gouge, Son of Dr. Gouge of Black Friars,theJ^" and the ejefted .Minifter pf St. Sepulchres, was taken ^"_ " out of this, World : He was born at Bow near S/r^-Tillotron-,r ford, 1.605. bred at Eaton School, and educated XnWorks. King's College, Cambridge. He fetded at St. Sepul- Vol. I. chres in the Year 1638. and for twenty four Years dif- P- 265- charged all the Parts of a vigilant and fakhful Paftor. He was a Wonder of Piety, Charity, Humility and Moderation, making it his Study to keep a Confeience void, of Offence towards God and all Men. Mr. Bax ter fays, He'never heard any Man fpeak to his Difho- npur, . except, that he did not Conform. He was pof fefled of a good Eftate, and devoted the Chief of it to Charity. He fettled Schools, to the Number of three or four, hundred, .and gave Money to teach Chil dren to, read in the mountainous Parts of Wales, where h|s travell'd annually, .and preached, 'till he was forbid by the Bifhops, and excommunicated, tho' he went as a Hearer to the Parifh Churches. , He printed eight thoufand Welch Bibles, a thoufand of , which were gi ven to the Poor; and the reft lent to the principal Towns of Wales to be fold at an under Rate. He printed five hundred of the Whole Duty of Man in Welch, and gave them away ; two hundred and forty New Teft'a'ments ; and kept almost two thoufand Welch Children at School to karri" Englijh. Archbifoop Til lotjon^ in his Funeral Sermon, fays. That all Things confider'd, there has not fince the Primitive Times of Christianity been many among the Sons of Men, to whom that glorious Character of the Son of God might be better applied, that He went about doing Good, He was a Divine of a chearful Spirit, and went "' "' away 5i2 The HIS TORY Vol. IV. King away quietly, in his Sleep, Oftober 29; 168 1.. in the CharlesII. Seventy feventh Year of his Age, liij^j While the Tories and High Church Clergy were de* ^X^.ftroying the Diffenters, the Cpurt was intent upon fub- bout Ele- verting the Conftitution, and getting the Government ition of of the City into their Hands. June 24. there was a M*gi- Conteft about the Eleftion of Sheriffs which occafioned ftrates. a COnfiderable Tumult. And when the Eleftion of a Lord Mayor came on at Michaelmas, the Citizens were again in an Uproar, the Lord Mayor pretending a Right to adjourn the Court, while the Sheriffs, to whom the Right belonged, continued the PoH till Night ; when the Books were caft up each Party claimed the Majority according to their feveral Books. The Conteft rofe fo high, that Sir William Pritchard, Lord Mayor, was afterwards arretted at the Suit of Mr. Pdpillon and Dubois, and kept Prifoner in Skin ners Hall till Midnight. But when the Affair came to a Trial the Eleftion was fet afide, Papillon and Dubois were imprifoned, and the Leading Men on the Whig Side, who had diftinguifhed themfelves in the Conteft, were fined in large Sums of Money, which made way for the Lofs of the Charter. 1683. The Court would have perfuaded the Common- ^harterofQ0Uncji to make a voluntary Surrender of it to the Lon£°/Crown' t0 Put an end to a11 Contefts for the fcf " fir- Future ; but not being able to prevail, they refolved feited- to condemn it by Law ; accordingly a §fuo Warranto Burnet, was iffued out againft the Charter, becaufe the Com- p. 5z8» mon Council in one of their Addreffes, had petitioned 568. for the Sitting of the Parliament, and had taxed the p-T"^. Prorogation as a Delay of Juftice ; and becaufe they had laid Taxes on their Wharfs and Markets contrary to Law. After Trial upon thefe two Points the" Judge declared it to be the unanimous Opinion of the Court, That the Liberties and Franchijes oj the City oj Lon don be fieized into the King's Hands, but Judgment was not to be enter'd till the King's Pleafure was fur ther known. In the mean Time the Lord Mayor and Com- ChapX of the P tfR i t A N'S. g T 3 Common Council, who are the Repreferitatives of the King City, agreed to fubmit to the King's Mercy, and fent CharlesII. a Deputation to Windfior, June 18. 1683. to beg,*^8z- Pardon ; which the King was pleated to grant on ^^J' Condition, That his Majefty might have a Negative Burnet, on the Choice of all the chief 'Magifirate \r ThatP- 527. Jf his Majefty dijapproved ofi their Choice ofi a Lord**0' 53<5- Mayor they fihould choofie another within a Week — And So^g6',- -* that if his Majefty. dijapproved their Jecond Choice he fihould himfelf nominate a Mayor for the Tear enfiuing ; and the like as to Sheriffs, Aldermen, &c. When this was reported back to the Common Council, it was . put to the Vote, and upon a Divifion one hundred and four were for accepting the King's Regulation, and eighty fix againft it ; but even thefe Conceffwns con tinued no longer than a Year. The Charter of Lon don being loft, the Cities and Corporations all over . England were prevailed with to deliver up their Char- '¦- ters, and accept of fuch new Ones as the Court would grant, which was the higheft Degree of Perfidy and Bafenefs in thofe who were intrufted with them, efpe- cially when they knew that the Defign was to pack a Parliament, in order to make way for a Popifli King. Thus the Liberties of England were delivered up to Remarks: the Crown ; and tho? the Forms of Law were conti nued, Mens Lives and Eftates were at the Mercy of a Set of profligate Creatures who would fwear any Thing for Hire. Juries (fays Burnet) were a Shame to the Nation, and a Reproach to Religion, for they were packed and prepared to bring in Verdifts as they were direfted, and not as Matters appeared upon the Evi dence. Zeal againft Popery was decried as the Voice 6f a Faftion who were Enemies to the King and his Government. All Rejoicings on the fifth of November were forbid, and ftrift Orders given to all Conftables, and other Officers to keep the Peace ; but the Populace not being fo orderly as they foould have been, feveral 'London Apprentices were fined twenty Marks for a Vol. IV. L 1 Riot, SH the HISTORY Vol.IV. Ki"S Riot, and fet in the Pillory. Thefe were the Triumphs cl5s£IL of a Tory and Popifll Adminiftration ! kS~J^ A little before this"died old Mr. Thomas Caje, M. A. Death of, educated in Chrifi Church, Oxjord, and one of the Mr. Cafe. Affembly of Divines; he was peculiarly. zealous in ' promoting the Morning Exercijes^ but was turned "out of his Living of St. Mary Magdalen, - Milk Street, for refufing the Engagement, and imprifoned for Mr. Love's Plot ; he was afterwards Reftor of St. Giles's, and waited on the King at Breda. He was one of the Commiffioners at the Savoy ; but was filenced with his Brethren in 1662. He was an open plain-hearted Man, an excellent Preacher, of a warm Spirit, and a hearty Lover of all good Men. He died May 30. 1682. Ait at is Eighty four. AndofMr. Mr. Samuel Clarke, the ejefted Minifter of St. Ben- S. Clarke.^ pin^ was an indefatigable Student, as appears by his Martyrology, his Lives of eminent' Divines, and other historical Works ; he was a good Scholar, and had been an ufeful Preacher in Chejhire and Warwick- Jhire before he came to London; he was one of .the Commiffioners at the Savoy, and prefented the Prefby terian Minifters, Addrefs of Thanks to the King for his Declaration concerning Ecclefiaftical Affairs ; and tho' he could not conform as a Preacher, he frequently at tended publick Worfhip as a Hearer and a Commu nicant. ' He died Dec, 25. 1682. AStatis Eighty, 1-683- While the Liberties of England lay prostrate at the Mr. Bax- peet 0f tjie Court, their Fury raged againft the Non- fhers"fe-~ Conjonnifts, as inflexible Enemies Court made ufe of was called the Ryebbufe Plot, from fro Ci'Z'X 5 ' the Name-of the Houfe where the" two "Royal Brothers were to be foot -, it was within two Miles of Hodfidon in Hertfordfidre, and was first difcovered by one Keeling an Anabaptift; after him Goodenough, Rumjey and Weft, made themfelves Witneffes, and framed1 a Story out of their own Heads, of Lopping off the two Bro thers as they came from New-Market,1 and !having heard of Conferences betweeri the Dufee^of Mon mouth, Lord Rujjel, and others, concerning fecuring the Proteftant Religion after the King's Death, they im peached them to the Council, upon which Lord Rujjel, Algernon. Sidney, the Earl of Ejfex, and Mr. Houblon, were apprehended and fent to the Tower. Warrants were iffued out for feveral others, who not being will ing to truft to their Innocence abfeonded, and went out of the Way ; but feveral were tried, and executed up on the Court Evidence, as Mr. Rumbold, Mafter of the Houfe where the Plot was to take Place, who de clared at his Execution in King James's- Reign, that he never knew of any Defign againft the King; as did Capt. Walcot and Sir Thomas Armftrong, Roitfej and the Ld. Ruffelreft. Lord Rujjel was condemned, and beheaded, for be- heheaded. ing -within theHearing of fome treafonable Words at Mr. Shepherd's a Wine-Cooper in Abchurch Lane. The Earl Wei. of Effex's Throat was cut in the Tower while Lord Ruffel Memoirs, was upon his Trial ; and Algernon Sidney was executed p' ' for having a Jeditious Libel in his Study ; of the Cruelty of which the Parliament at the Revolution was Chap.X. of the Puritans. 517 was_ fo fenfible, that they reverted their Judgments. King A Proclamation was iffued out againft the Duke ofCharIesH. Monpiouth, tho' the King knew where he was ; and J^- when the Ferment was over brought him to Court. ^^^^ Mr. Racfiard obferves, that fome have called this the Fanatick, the Proteftant, the Whiggifh, or Presbyte rian Rlott, Others have called it with more Juftice, a Piece of State Policy, and no better than an Impor fture, for there was nothing more in it than the rafh and imprudent Difcourfe of fome warm Whigs, which in fo critical and dangerous a Conjuncture was very hazardous, but no Scheme of a Plot was agreed upon, no Preparations were made, no Arms nor Horfes bought, nor Perfons appointed to execute any Defign againft the King or Government. However, the Courf had their Ends in ftriking Terror into the whole Body of the Whigs. Great, Induftry was ufed by the Court to bring the Non, Body of Non-Conformifts into this Plot : It was given Conform. out that Dr. Owen, Mr. Mead and Mr. Griffith, werechar&ed acquainted with it ; Mr. Mead was fummoned before ^thti- the Council, but gave fuch fatisfaftory Anfwers to all u^get* Queflions, that the King himfelf ordered him to beS84. difcharged. The Reverend Mr. Caftaires, a Scots Di vine, was put to the Torture of the Thummikins in Scotland to extort a Confeffion ; both his Thumbs Were , bruifed between, two Irons till the Marrow was almoft forced out of the Bpnes : This he bore for ari Hour and half without making any Confeffion. Next Day they: brought him to undergo the Torture of the Boot, but his Arms being fwell'd with the late Tor-* ture,, and he already in a Fever, made a Declarati= on of all that he knew, which amounted to no more than fome loofe Difcourfe of what might be fit to be done torpreferve their Liberties and the Proteftant Re* Iigion if there foould be a Crifis -, but he vindicated himfelf and his Brethren in England from all asfaffina^ ting Defigns, which, he fays, they abhorred, Dr, South was defired to write the Hiftory of this Plot, but It J 3 Br, p- 567- 5 18 The H I S T O R Y Vol.1 V. King Dr. Sprat, afterwards Bifhop of Rochefter, performed Ch*j£s it, tho', when the Times turned at the Revolution, ^J^^ he difown'd it, fo far as to declare, that King James had alter'd feveral Paffages in it before it was printed. Bifoop Burnet ' adds, that when the Congratulatory Addreffes for the Difeovery of this Plot had gone all round England, the Grand Juries made high Prefer ments againft all that were accounted Whigs and Non- Conformifls. Great Pains were taken to find out more Witneffes ; Pardons and Rewards were offered very freely to the Guilty", but none came in,* which made it evident (fays his Lordfhip) that nothing was fo well laid, or brought ' fo near Execution, as the Witneffes had depofed, otherwife the People would have crouded in for Pardons. Bifhop KeWlietx fays, that the Diffenters- bore all the Odium, and were not only branded for exprefs Rebels and Villains, in mul titudes of Congratulatory and Tory Addreffes from all Parts of the Kingdom, but were feverely arraigned by the King himfelf in a Declaration to all his-1 loving Subjefts, read in all the Churches on' Sunday Septem ber 9. which was appointed as a Day of Thankfgi- ving, and folemnized after an extraordinary Manner, with' mighty -Pomp and Magnificence. There was hardly a Parifh in England that was not at a confider able Expence to testify their great Joy and Satisfa ction : "Nay, the Papifts celebrated in all their Chapels in London an extraordinary-' Service on that Account ; fo that thefe had their Placesof Publick Worfhip, tho' the Proteftant Diffenters had not. '( Quakers The ghtaker-s declared their Innocence of the Plot, ^tTemfehes m an Addrefs to the King at Windjbr, prefented by and de- G. Whitehead, Parker, - and two more, wherein ¦ they dare /£«>appeal to the Searcher of all Hearts, that " their Prin- Sufferings. «. cjp]es c\0 not a]]ow tnerri to take Up defenfive Arms, " much lefs to avenge themfelves for the Injuries they " receive from others. That they continually pray " for the King's Safety and Prefervation, and there- £' fore take this Occafion humbly to befeech his Ma- " jefty, Eachard. Sewel, P-585 Chap.X. of the Puritans! 5-19 " jefty, to compaffionate their fuffering Friends, with King " whom the Gaols are .fo filled, that they want Air,Charles^1' " to the apparent Hazard of their Lives, and to the J^^ " endangering an InfeftiQn in divers Places. Befides, ^^* " many Houfes, Shops; Barns and Fields are ran- *'. facked; , and the Goods, Corn and Cattel, fwept " away, to the difcouraging of Trade and Husbandry, '*> and impoverifoing great Numbers of quiet and in- " duftrious People ; and this for no other Caufe but " for the Exercife of a tender Confeience in the Wor-: ", fhip of Almighty God, who is Sovereign Lord and " King in Mens Confciences " But this Addrefs had no Effect, all Things went onOxfbr4 triumphantly on the Side, of the Prerogative; theDeeree- Court did what they pleated; the King took the.Go-Kennet' vernment of the City "of London into his own Hands,p' ^lo' and; appointed a. .Mayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen, without the Eleftion, of the People ; Sermons were filled with the Principles of •abfolute Obedience and Non-Refiftance, which were carried Higher than ever their Forefathers had. thought of er praftifed. ..The ' Univerfity of Oxford paffed, a-.Decree in foil Convoca tion; July ,21. 1683. againft, certain pernicious Books, Collyer, and damnable- Doclrines, dcftruftive to thje fiacred Per-V- 9°2- fions • of Princes^ their, State and Government, and all human Society. It confifls of twenty feven Propofi- ' tions, extracted from -the Writings of Buchanan, Bax- '- ter, Owen, Milton j. J. Goodwin, Hobbs, Cartwright, Tr avers, and others, who had maintained that there was an Original Contrail between King and People ; apd that vobfin Kings fubvert the Conftitution. oj their Country, -and become abjolute Tyrants, they forfeit their Right to the Government, and may be rejifted: Thefe, and other Propofitions of a like Nature, they declare tp be impious j, feditious, fcandalous, damnable, heretical, blafphemous, ,and infamous to the. Chriftian Religion. They forbid their Students to read thofe Writers, and ordered their Books to be burnt -, but how well they oraftifed thefe Doftrines at the Revolution of King v L 1 4 Willi-. 520 The HISTORY Vol. IV. King William,,^ , will , be, feen in, its proper Place; and the- Chia6rgesILParliament-in,fthe Reign .of Queen Anne ordered the (Li^ Decree it fielfi to be burnt by the Hands of the common •- Hangman. ,., , ,- -.. Sufferings j}r Benjamin Calamy,- Reftor of St. Lawrence Jew- Delaune r^' *n one,of his printed Sermons, entituled, A ficru- pulous. Conjcience, invited the Non-Conjormifts to exa mine what each Party had to fay for themfelves with refpeft to the Ceremonies impofed by the Church, and inforeed by the Penal Laws, he called upon them. mo-' - deftly, to propofe their Doubts, and meekly to hearken to and receive Inftruftion. In compliance with this Invi tation Mr. Thomas Delaune, an Anabaptist School- Mafter, and; a learned Man, printed a Pled- jor itbpyftd Non-Conjormifts, fliewing the true State Of their Cafe, ui and justifying their Separation. Brit before it was pub lifhed he was apprehended by a Meffenger froirj the 4c', Prefs, and fhut up clofe Prifonerrin Newgate, by Warrant from the Recorder vfienner, tias&SiNav. -yspgp.r. 1683. Mr. Delaune writ to Dr.' Calamy to endeavour:' ' his Enlargement ; f< My Confinement (fays he) is'foah <¦ " accepting your Invitation; I took! upon yoii obli- " ged in Honour to procure my Sheets, yet unfinifo- " ed, a publick Paffport, and to me my Liberty — " There is nothing in them but a fair ExamiriarJom-of "• .thofe Things your Sermon invited to, and I cannot *' find that Chrift and his Difciples ever forced ficru- *' pulous Confidences to Conformity by fuclr Methods " as fending them to Newgate-, I befeech you there- " fore in the Fear of God;. as you will anfwer it to " our great. Lord and Mafter ;.Jefus Chrift, that you " would endeavour to convince a Stranger by fome- " thing more like Reafon and Divinity, thari a Pri- " fon." The Doctor at firft faid, he 'would do himrn any Kindnefs that became him.- But in anfwer to, an.;. fecond Letter he faid, he look'd upon himfelf as uri-'o* concerned,' becaufe he was not mentioned in rliati Sheet ; he faw with the Recorder. Mr: Delaune infifted upogn. his Honour, as being direftly concerned, and-.prayedir him Chap.X. e//^ Puritans. 521 him at leaft to perform the Office of a Divine, in vifi- King ting him in Prifon, to argue him out of his Doubts ; CharlesII. but the Doftor, like an ungenerous Adverfary, defert- , fdj ed him. Mr. Delaune therefore was to be convinced ^*^- by Law, and -mas indicted, for that on Nov. 30. he did by Force ofi Arms, &c. unlawfully, feditioufly, and maliamflyg write, print, and publijh, a certain falje, Jeditious^ and ficandalous Libel, of, and concerning our Lord the King, and the Book, of Common-Prayer, en- tituled;: A Plea jor the Non-Conjormifts. For which he was fined one hundred Marks, and to be kept Pri- foner till he paid it ; to find Security for his good Behaviour for one Year, 1 and his Books to be burnt before the Royal Extbangti The Court told him, that in refipeft of histbeing 'a Scholar he fhould not be pil- lory'd,, tho' 'iie defervMoit. Mr. Delaune not being able to pay his Fine lived in Prifon fifteen Months, and fuffered great. Hardfoips by extreme Poverty, ha ving r no Subfiftence but upon Charity. He had a Wifeiar*d:two fmall Children with him, who all died in the Gaol, being fotfocated by the Inconveniencies of thei Prifon, and other fin gring Sorrows and Sicknefi- fes. At laft Mr. Delaune himfelf funk under the Bur den, and died in Newgate, a Martyr to the Challenge of a High Church Doctor.-1 • Mr.- Francis Bampfie Id fuffered the like, or greater AndofMr^ Hardfoips; he was educated in Wadham Collegej&JffiJ?' Oxon\ audi was Minister of^Sherbourn in Dorfietjhire. e - After; the Act of Uniformity he continued preaching as hehad Opportunity in private, till he was imprifon ed with twenty five of his Hearers in one Room, with but one Bed; for five Days and Nights, where they fpent their Time in religious Exercifes ; but after fome Time he was releafed. Soon after he was apprehended Calamy, again/ -and continued '-nine Years in Dorchefter Gaol,P- z6°.' tho'-he was a Perfon of unfoaken Loyalty to the King, and againft the Parliament War ; but this availeti no thing to his being a Non-Conformift. He afterwards retired to London, where being taken again he wis four. ££2 The HISTORY Vbl.IV. % flmt up in Newgate and: there died, Feb. 16. 1683-4. itsS He was for ^Jeventh Day Sabbath, but a Perfon of y^s-yf^ unquestionable Serioufnefs and Piety. AndlfMr. . With him might be mentioned Mr. Ralphjon, a llalpljfon. learned Man, and a Fellow-Sufferer with Mr. Delaune in Newgate. 'On the 10th of December a Bill was found againft, him by the Grand Jury of London ; on the 1 3th of the fame Month he pleaded Not Guilty at the Old Baily. On the 1 6th of January he was called to the Seffions Houfe, but fome Trials proving tedious his was not brought on. The next Day he was called to the outer Bar; and after an Attendance of divers Hours in a Place not very agreeable, and- in the fharp- eft Winter that has been known, J he contracted a vio lent Cold, which ended in - a Fever; that carried him as well as 'Mr. Bampfield beyond the Jurifdiftion of Bail-Docks or Prefis-Tards, to the Manfions of ever- CaTamy's ]afting Reft. Mr. Philips, Partner with Mr. Ramp- ' ['. s' field, fuffered. eleven 'Months Imprifonment in Ilcbe- 377? ' fterGaol, in anafty'ftinking Hole, to the great Ha zard of his Life. Mr. French of Town-Maulin Was confined fix Months in Maidftoite > Gaol, - in a hard Winter, : without Fire or Candle/or a private Room to lodge in. ,,.- Of Mr. Mr. Salkeild, the ejefted Minifter of Worlington in t'\Jcevd. $uff°lk, was.fined one hundred Pounds, and commit- ff"*M'ted to the common Gaol of St. Edmundsbury, for fay ing, Popery was coming into -the Nation apace, and no Care taken to prevent it. He lay in Prifon ¦ three Years, and was not difcharged till the Year 1686. Mr. Richard Stretton fostered fix Months Imprifon ment this Year, for refufing the Oxfiord-Qath, in com pany of ten Minifters more* imprifoned there at the Olamy, feme Time. Moft of the Diffenting Minifters were P 627, forced to foift their Places of Abode to avoid Difcove- &c- ry, and travel in long Nights and cold' Weather from . one Village to another to preach to their People. Tfiat. any Time they ventur'd to vifit their Families in "a dark Night they durft not ftir Abroad, but went away - before Chap.X. efthe Puritans. 523 before Morning. Some fpent their Time in Woods King and folitary Places ; Others being excorhmunicated re.Charleslli' moved with their Effefts into other Diocefes — ^reat(^v^/ Numbers of the common People, taken- at private ^*^j Meetings, were convicted as Rioters and fined ten Pounds-a-piece ; and not being able to pay, were obli ged to remove into other Counties, by which they loft their Bufinefs, and their Families were reduced to Want. I forbear to mention the tRudenefs offered to young Women, fome of whom were fent to Bridewell to beat Hemp among Rogues and Thieves ; others that were married, and with Child, received irreparable Damages ; even Children were terrified with Confta bles and Halberdeers breaking open Houfes, of whom I my felf (fays Mr. Peirce) being very young, was one Example; and the Writer of this History could mention others. In the Midft of thefe violent Proceedings the Di- London vines of the Church of England publifhed the Lon-^fif"^" don Cajes againft the Non-Conformifts, as if the Dan- » e ' ger of Religion' was from that Quarter ; they were twenty three in Number, and have fince been abridg'd by Dr. Bennet. Thefe Champions of the Church were very fecure from being anfwered, after Mr. Delaune had fo lately loft his Life, for writing againft one oj them, publifhed by Dr. Calamy. They muft there- Peirce. fore have the Field to themfelves, for if their Adver-P- 259* faries writ they were fore to be rewarded with Fines, and a Prifon ; but fince that Time they have been an fwered feparately by Mr. Nathaniel Taylor, Mr. James Peirce, and others. This Year died, Dr. John Owen, one of the moh\Deat7} °f Learned of the Independant Divines; he was educated q'J° in Queen's College, Oxon, but left the Univerfity in 1637. being diffatisfied, with Laud's Innovations. He was: afSxiScGalvinift, and publifhed his Dijplay oj \Arminianijm in 1642. for which the Committee of Religion prefented him to the Living of Fordham in Effex., In 1643. he removed to Coggejhall in the ' ' i fame $24 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King fame County, where he fisft declared himfelf anlnde- ch™l£Bll-ptndant, and gathered a Church according to the Me- V^y^thod of that People. He often preached before foe Long Parliament, even about the Time the Kingwas , beheaded, but always* kept himfelf upon the Referve. Soon after Lieutenant General Cromwel took him into his Service as a Chaplain in his Expedition to Ireland; and when the General marched to Scotland he obtain ed an Order of Parliament for the Doftor to attend him thither. Upon his Return he was preferr'd to the Dean ry, of Chrift Church,, and next Year to the Vice-Chan. cellorfoip of Oxjord, which he managed with great Reputation and Prudence for five Years. No Man was more, of a Gentleman and Scholar;, or fupported the Dignity of his Character better in his Time. ...The Writer of his Life fays, That tho' he was an Indepm* dant himfelf, he gave moft of the vacant Livings in his Gift among the Presbyterians, • and obliged the Epifcopal Party, by conniving at am Affembly of about three hundred of them almoft over again % his own Doors. , The Oxjord Hiftorian, after having treated his Memory with moft reproachful Language, confeffes, That he was well fkilled in the Tongues, in Rabin nical Learning, and in the Jewifto Rites and Cuftoms, and that he was one of the moft genteel and faireft Writers that appeared againft the Church: of England. The Doftor had a great Reputation among foreign Proteftdnts ; and when he was laid afide by the Aft of Uniformity was invited to a Profeffoiifhip in the United Provinces^ . He was once alfo determined to fettle in New England, but was ftopt by exprefs Order from the Council. He was Paftor of a confiderable Congregation in London, and died with great Calm-r pefs and Compofure of Mind on Bartholomew Day, 1683. His Works are very numerous, and in high Efteem among the Diffenters ; but his Stile is & -little; intricate and perplexed* This Chap.X. of the Puritans. £2C This Year the King, by the Affiftance of the Tories King and Roman Catholicks, compleated the Ruin of the CharksII, Conftitution, and affirmed the whole Government into 1^1. his own Hands. The Whigs and Non-Conjormifts were Further ftruck with Terror by the fevere Profecutions of the Sufferings Heads of their Party. Mr. Hampden was fined forty °fthe thoufand Pounds, Sir Samuel Barnadifton ten thou- P" < fend Pounds, for defaming the Evidence in the Rye- RaPin» Houfe Plot. Mr. Speke two thoufand, and Mr. Brad-^l^' don one thoufand Pounds, for reporting that the Earl Eachard, of Effex had been murder'd in the Tower. Mr. JohnV- 1043* Duttoncolt one hundred thoufand Pounds, for Scahda-10^' lum Magnatum againft the Duke of York, who now govern'd all at Court. Gates was fined for the fame Crime one hundred thoufand Pounds, and never got out of Prifon till after the Revolution. Thirty two Others were fined or pillory'd for libelling the King or the Duke of York. In foort, the greateft Part of the Hiftory of this Year confifts of Profecutions, Penalties and Puitifoments (fays Mr. Eachard.) At the fame Time the Earl of Danby and the Popijh Lords were releafed out of the Tower on Bail, the Garrifon of Tan gier was brought over into England, and augmented to a Standing Army of four or five Thoufand refolute Men, fit for any Service the Court fhould employ them in. And the Corporations all over England ha-lheConfti- ving been prevailed with, by Promifes or Threaten-^'0" °f ings, to give up their Charters, after the Example of E.nSland London, the whole Kingdom was diverted of its ^dt-and"de- berties, and reduced to an abfolute Monarchy. "vVholefiroyed. Peals of Anathema's were rung out againft thofe Pa-Wdw. triotsthat flood up for its Liberties. The Scriptures Memoirs, were made a Store for Arbitrary Power. The abfo-p' I3°' lute Government of the Jewijh Kings was preached up as a Pattern for Ours. And Heaven it felf was ranked on that Side by fome that pretended to ex pound its Will. Inftead of dropping a Tear at the Funeral of our Laws, Liberties, and Parliaments, ful- fome Panegyricks were made upon their Murderers, T and 526 Th* HISTORY Vol.IV, King andCurfes denounced on ; thofe who: would have re- eharlesll.£rieved them from Deftruftion. \J^1j In this melancholy Situation of publick Affairs the Profecution> i of the Non-Conjormifts was continued, and carried on to a Pitch hardly to be parallel'd in a Proteftant Nation. Dr. Barlow, Bifhop of Lin coln, publifhed a Letter for, putting the Laws in\ Exe cution againft the Diffenters, in concurrence with ano ther drawn up by the Juftices. of Peace ofi Bedford, bearing Date Jan. 14. 1684. Many were cited -into the Spiritual Courts, excommunicated and ruined. Two hundred Warrants of Diftrefs were iffued out upon private Perfons and Families in the Town and Neighbourhood of Uxbridge, for frequenting Conven- Howe'x tides or not coming to Church. An Order- was made life, by the Juftices of Exeter, promifing a Reward of for- p. 80. ty shillings to any one who fhould apprehend a Non- Conformift Minifter, which the Bifoop of Vthe Diocefe, Dr. Lamplugh, commanded to be publifhed in all the Churches by his Clergy on the following Sunday. The Reverend Dr. Bates, Dr. Annefley, and many of their Brethren in the Miniftry, had their Goods feized and carried off. 'Mr. Robert Mayot of Oxon, a moderate Conformist, * having left Mr. Baxter fix hundred Pounds to distribute among fixty poor ejefted Minifters ; the Lord Keeper North took it from him, and gave it all to the King ; the Money was put into Chancery, and lay there till it was reftored by the Commiffioners Mr. Bax- of the Great Seal under King William. Soon after the ter again JuftiCes fent Warrants to apprehend Mr. Baxter, as be- zn Prifon. -^ Qne jn tne jj^q. Qf a th0ufand Names, who were twos. to De b°und to their good Behaviour upon latent Con- viftions, that is, without feeing their Accufers, or be ing made acquainted with their Charge. Mr. Baxter refuting to open his Doors, the Officers forced, into his Houfe, upon which he locked himfelf up in his Study, but being refolved to starve him from thence they fet fix Men at the Door, to whom he was obliged next Day to surrender. They then carried him to the 'Seffions Houje Chap.X. of: the Puritans. $vf Houfe two or three Tifnes, and bound him fo a Bond King of four hundred Pounds, fo that if his Friends hadchadesXL not been Sureties for him, contrary to his Defire; he ^i-vi^ muft have died in Prifon, being then almoft Bedrid. Many excellent Perfons died in common Gaols, and thoufands were ruined. Jefferies Was now Lord Chief Juftice, who wasTrmlof fcandaloufly vitious, and drunk every Day, befides a.Mr.Ro&- Drunkennefs of Fury in his Temper that look'd likew Madnefs: He was prepared for any dirty Work the u^* Court fhould put him upon. September 23. Mr. Tho- mas Rofiewel the Diffenting Minifter at Rotherhithe was imprifoned in the ; Gate-Houje, Weftminfter, for High Treafon ; and a Bill was found againft him at the Quarter Seffions, upon which he was tried Novem ber 8. at the King's Bench Bar, by a Surrey Jury, be fore Lord Chief Juftice Jefferies, and three others, (vizf) Wit bins, Holloway, and Walcot. He was indifted for the following Expreffions in his Sermon Sept. 14. That the King could not cure the King's Evil, but that Priefts and Prophets by their Prayers, could heal the Griejs oj the People — ¦ That we had had > two wicked Kings (meaning the prefent King and his Father) whom we can rejemble to no other Perfon but to the moft wick ed. Jeroboam ; and that ij they (meaning his Hearers) would ftand to . their Principles, . he did not doubt but they fihould overcome their Enemies (meaning the King) as in former Times, with Ra-ms^ Horns, broken Plat ters, and a Stone in a Sling. The Witneffes were three infamous Women, who fwore to the Words without the Innuendo's ; they were laden with the Guilt of many Perjuries already, and fuch of them as could be found afterwards were convicted, and the chief of them pillory'd before the Exchange. The Trial lafted feven Hours, and Mr. Rojewel behaved with alt the Decency and Refpeft to the Court that could be expected, and made a Defence that was ap plauded by moft of the Hearers. He faid it was im- poffible the Witneffes fiiould remember, and b,e able l(J 528 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King to pronounce fo long a Period, when they could not CharlesII.fb much as tell the Text, nor any Thing elfe in the ^L^^ Sermon befides the Words they had fworn : Several who heard the Sermon and writ it in Short Hand, de clared they heard no fuch Words. Mr. Rojewel. offer ed his own Notes to prove it, but no Regard: was had to them. The Women could not prove, (fays Burnet) by any one Circumstance, that they were at the Meet ing ; or that any Perfon faw them there on that Day ; the Words they fwore were fo grofs that it was not to be imagined that any Man in his Wits Would exprefs himfelf fo, before a mixed Affembly, yet Jefferies urged the Matter with his ufoal Vehemence. He laid it for a Foundation, that all preaching at Conventicles was treafonable, and that this ought to difpofe the Jury to believe any Evidence upon that Head, fo the He is con- Jury brought him in Guilty ; upon which (fays the Bi- demned. fhop) there was a Jhamefttl Rejoycing ; and it was now P-597- thought all Conventicles muft be fuppreffed, when fuch Evidence could be received againft fuch a De fence. But when the Words came to be examined by Men learned in the Law they were found not to be Treafon by any Statute. So Mr. Rojewel moved for an Arreft of Judgment till Council fhould be heard ; and thor it was doubtful whether this ought-tobe allow ed after the Verdift, yet the King was fo put out of Countenance by the Accounts he heard of the Witnef fes, that he gave Orders to yield to it ; and tin the- End he was pardoned. The Court loft a great deal of Re putation by this Trial, for befides that Rojewel made a ftrong Defence, he proved that he had always been a Loyal Man even in Cromwel's Days, that he pray ed conftantiy for the King in his Family, and that in his Sermons he often infifted upon the Obligations to Loyalty. ....; J Sufferings gut arnor)g other Sufferers for Non-Conformity" we If Mr muft not forget the Reverend Mr. Will. Jenkins, M, A. Jenkins, the ejefted Minifter of Chrifi Church, who died this Year, in Newgate ; he was educated in St. John's Col lege, Cbap.X. of theddP oritans. 529 itge, Cambridge ; and aboutthe Year 1641., was chd- King fen Minifter of this Place, and LeAurer of Black Fri- CharlesII. ars, both which Pulpits he filled with great Acceptance yjf!^ till, the Deftruftjon of Monarchy, after whMi he was ^^'^^ fequefter'd "for refufing to comply with the Orders of Pari iament. He was fent to the Tower for Love's Plot; but uponhis humble Petition, and promife of Submiffion to foe Powers in being he was pardoned, -and his Seque- ftration taken off, but he carefully avoided meddling in Politicks afterwards. He was fummoned before theK.Chron; Council Jan. 2 . 1 66 1 . and reprimanded, becaufe he for- P- 6° 1 \ got to pray for the King; and being ejefted with his Bre thren ir. l6fy,v he retired ? into the Country, but upon ,fhe Indulgence in 1 671. he had; a. new Meeting-Houfe erefted for him in Jewen Street, where he .preached £0 a crpuded ; Audience.c- He was one of the; Mer chants Lefturers at Pinners. Hall. And when the .In dulgence was revoked he continued preaching as he could, till- this Year ; but September 2. 1684.1? being at a private paft wkh fome of his Brethren, the Sqldiers broke in, and carried- Mr. Jenkins before two Alder men, who treated him very rudely, and upon ;his refil ing; the Oxford Oath committed him to Newgate j when he was there he petitioned the King for a Ker leafe, his Phyficians declaring, that his Life was in danger from fii$ clofe Confinement; but no Security ¦would, be accepted. • So that he foon declined in his Health, and died in -Newgate in the Seventy third Year of his Age, January 19. 1684-5., when he had been Prifoner four Months and one Week. A little before his. Death he faid, A Man might be af-effeftuab- ly murdered, fin Newgate as at Tyburn. He was bu ried by his Friends in Bunhill Fields with- great Ho nour, many eminent Perfons,- and fome Scores of Coaches attending his Funeral. , This was'-theiUfage the Diffenters met with from the Church of England at this Time, which had hardly a pa- i-aUet in the Chriftian World; Remarkable are the Words of the Earljpf C&ftlemain, a. Roman Catholick, on this ,-VoL.fV. M m Ocea- 530 The HISTORY Vol.IV. King Occasion, " 'TWas never known (fays he) that Rome ChadesII. «*. perfecuted as the Bifoops do, thofe who adhef^ to the Jjy^, " fame Faith with themfelves'; and eftablifhed an In- Peirce, " quifition againft the Profeffors of the ftrifteft Piety p- 259. « among themfelves ; and1 however the Prelates com- " plain of the bloody Perfecution of Queen'Mary, fix. " is mattifeft that their Perfecution exceeds it, forun- tl der her there were nOt piore than two or three hundred " put to Death, whereas under their Perfecution above *' treble that Number have been rifled, deftroyed, «< and ruined in1 their "Eftates, Lives and Liberties, ¦tc. being -( as is- moft remarkable) ' Men for the moft " part of the fame Spirit with thofe Proteftants who *' fuffered under the Prelates in Queen Mary's " Time.'^ 'JndofMr. Mr r&enjamifr Woodbridge, M. A. the- ejefted Mi- Wood- ^Swc of Ndwbwy, died this Year. He was bred (ip bridge, -fo Magdalen College, Oxon ; from r thence he went to ¦Nw> Mnglandi and was the -firft Graduate ofi the Col lege there. When he earhe back to England' he fuc ceeded Dr. Twiffe atJNewbury, where he had a mighty Reputation as a Scholar, a Preacher, a Cafuift, and a Christian.- He was a great Inftrument Of reducing the whofe Town to Sobriety; "and to Family aS well as publick "-Worfhip.- Upon the Reftoration he was made one of the ; King's Chaplain's in ordinary, and preached: once before him. : He was one of the Com miffioners at the Savoy, and very defirous of an Accom modation- with -the- Church Party. He was offered a Canority of Windfior, but refufed it, and afterwards fuffered many Ways for his Non-Conformity, tho' he was generally refpefted arid beloved by all that were Judges of real Worth. He had a ;found Judgment, and was 'a, fine Preacher, having a commanding Voice and Air. His Temper was chearfol, and his Behavi-. our obliging -, he was exemplary for his Moderation, and of confiderable Learning. When the five Mile Aft took Place he removed "from Newbury to a fmall Diftancej fwhef^--he preached, as he had Opportunity. He Chip. X. cffhe'Yxs r i tans; £ 3 1 He wag. liberal to the Poor, and was a: Good and King Gteat Maq. in! all Refpefts. He died at Inglefield,cha-^slX: Nov. 1. 1684. in a good old Age, after he had been ^Xj a Minifter in thofe Parts almoft forty Years. Tfic Sufferings of the Prefbyterians in Scotland run Summary parallel with thofe of England, throughout the ;. whole "f'ff Courfe of this Reign;, but the People were not quite J0„7f • «w fo tame and fubmiffive: The fame Acts of Severity Scotland: that were made againft the Nonconformists in Eng-$. 284.; land wereenafted in- Scotland^, or rather worfe. "Epif copacy was reftored May 8. 1662. and the Covenant declared to be an unlawful Oath, r Alt Perfons in Of fice were fo fign a Declaration oj dheUnlaWjulnefis of taking -up Arms againft the Kingr or any commiffioned by him,\ on any Pretence whatfoever. ¦ The Aft, againft Conventicles which paft in .« England, was copied, and paffed almoft in die, fame Terms in Scotland. The Bifhops Character were fome of foe worst of Men, arid hated by the Peo-^ '*' pie as they deferved, for their Deportment was unbe-^^ coming tlieir. Function (fays Bifhop Burnet) fome didand. C/e^, not live within- their Diocefes, and thofe that did feem-;g> •¦*;?:- c ed to take rjp Care of them: They fheWed no Zeal p. z'7- againft Vipe'j, : the moft eminently Wicked in the Country were their peculiar Confidents ; nor did they take any Care to keep their Clergy to their Duty, but were themfelves guilty of Levity, and a carnal Way ofLiving. The People were generally of the Prefbyterian Per->And of the fuafion, and flood firm by one another. In manyPeoPle: Places they were fierce and untraceable, and generally forfook the Churches ; the whoi= Country complained of the neWrEpifcopal Clergy, as immoral, flupid, ig norant, and fet upon Gain,; they treated' them with an Averfion that fometimes broke out into' Violence. Many were brought' before the Council, and Ecclefii- aftie fit Commiffion, for not coming to Church, but the Proofs were generally defeftive,. tor the People would not give. Evidence . againft one another. However, great Numbers were caft into Prifon, and ill ufed? M m 2 fome SI* .The, HIS TORT ..Vol, IV. King fome were3 fined ; and the younger Sort whipt-pub- CharksII.jj^iy aDOut the Streets ; fo that, great Numbers tran-' ^J^l^fported their Families to Ulfier in Ireland, where they •were well received: ¦ -'. .: , .. ,-:..-.: ii:. Proceed- - _ - The- Government obferved no Meafures, with,. this 7heG0- People '3 they exafted exorbitant- Fines for their^ not ¦vernment. coming to Church, and quarter'd ¦ Soldiers -.< upon them p, 2 , 1 , till they were ruined.- The Truth"" is .(fays Rtufwf) the 212. whole Face of die Government look'd more like the "Proceedings- of an Inquifiti-on than of legal Courts. _, At lengthy in -the Year 1666. Sir James Turner being fent into the Weft t6 levy Fines jat Difcredion,jhe People rofe up in Arms, and publifhed. a Majjrfefto,; that they did not take Arms againft' the .King, ,-;butr only that they might 'be delivered from, the\Tyranny of the Bifihops, and that Presbytery and.' the Covenant might h, < "~- be Jet up, -and- their old Minifters reftored. , They took Occafions- Turner and all -his '-Soldiers Prifonersii/.bui,1Jiiarching ?*J?fieri- and Fri$t(h% World and, Time, .and this weak and frail Body ; and welcome Eternity, , wel- -. cotne Angels and Saints, welcome Saviour, oj the World, and -God, the Judge oj all! Which he fpoke in a Man ner that ftruck all that heard it. The Commander of the King's Forces killed fome in cold Blood,, and; threa- tert'd to*fpit others and roast them alive. Of Houfe ..^ When the Indulgence 'was publifhed in England the and Field Sc^had foe Benefit of it, butwheji it was, taken away ticks™ the ¦ Perfecution revived, with .inexpreffible Severity; under- the Adminiftration of Duke Lauderdale, Con- yentieles abounded in all; Parts of the Country ; the Prefbyterian Minifters, preached in. their- own Houfes to Numbers of People, that ftood without Doors to. hear them ; Chap.X. of the Puritans. £33 them ; "and when they were difperfed by the Magi- King ftrates they went out into the Fields with their Mini- Char]esir- fters to hear the Word-of God ; and to: prevent being ^Xj difturbed, they carried Arms fufficient for their De fence. Upon which a very fevere Aft, was , paffed againft Houfe Conventicles and Field- Conventicles, de claring them treafonable ; and the Landlords in. whofe Grounds they were -held, were to be feverely fined, unlefs they difcovered the Perfons. prefent. But ftill this did not terrify the People, who met together in Defiance of the Law. Writs were iffued . out againft P- 297, many who were called Cameronians, who were out- 37°> ?9&'. lawed, and therefore left their Houfes, and travelled about the Country, till at Jength they collected into a Body, and declared that -the .King had. .forfeited, the Crown of that -Kingdom ¦. by renouncing the Covenant ; but the Duke of Monmouth being fent to difperfe them, routed them at Bothwel Bridge, killing four hun dred, and taking twelve hundred Prifoners ; two Mi nifters were hanged, and two hundred banifhed, to the • Plantations', who were all loft at, Sea. ^.Camera their p. 511; Preacher fell in Battel, but Hackfton md-C argil, the two other Preachers, died with invincible Courage ; as did all the reft, who were offered their Lives if they would fey, God blefis the King ! Hackfton had both his Hands cut off, -which he fuffered with a Conflancy and Rap-r ture that amazed all People. When both his, Hands were cut off, he afked,! Whether they would- cut off his Feet too? And notwithftanding aU his lofs of Blood, when he was hanged, and his Pleart cut out of his Body, it was alive upon the Hangman's Knife. 1 At length (fays Bifoop Burnet) Things came toEffais of that Extremity, that the People few they muft comethe ferft^ to Church or be undone, but they came in fo aukard a '*'"** Mariner that it was visible they; did not come to ferve ^?'9' God but to fave their Subftance, for they were talking Or fleeping during the whole Service. This introdu ced a Sort of Atheifm among the younger People. M m 3 Bus rnudj 534 .The HISTORY Vol.1 V- Ki"£ But the Inquifition was;fo terrible, that great Numbers ^"g*; left their native Country and fettled in the Plantations. •ssyKsi Thefe Methods of Conversion were fubverfive of Chri stianity, and a Reproach to a Proteftant Church and: Na tion ; but Oppreffion and Tyranny had overspread the Englijh. Dominions ; the Hearts of all good Men- failed them for Fear, and for looking after thofe Things that were coming,: on the Land; the Clouds were gather ing thick .over their Heads, and there was no other Defence againft an Inundation of Popery and Slavery, but the thin Security of the King's Life.,;.. ''King To return to England^ When the King had made fhTzds Way ^or a PoPifla Succeffor, by introducing an arbi- ieatb. trary and tyrannical. Government, his Majesty began to think himfelf neglected, all the Court being made to. die Rifing. Sun ; upon which he was heard,-: to fay in fome Paffion*, That ij he lived a Man-th longer he would find a Way to make himfielfi Esfyfar, the Re mainder of his Life. This was interpreted as a Defign to change Hands, by fending Abroad the Duke of York, - and Recalling the Duke of Monmouth ; which ftruck Terror into the Popifh Party, and is thought to have haften'd the King's Death, who was feized with a kind Burnet, of Apoplexy, Feb. 2. and died on the Friday following, p. 609. Feb. 6. 1 684-5. in the Fifty fourth Year of his Age, not without remarkable Sufpicion of Poifon, either by Snuff, or an Infufiou in Broth, as Bifoop Burnet, and others of undoubted Credit have affured us, for the Body was not fuffered to be thoroughly examined. dAnd Cha- King Charles II. was a Gentleman of Wit and peeler. Good- Nature, till .his Temper was foured in the latter Part of Life by his Popifli Counfellors. Hi's Court was a Scene of Luxury, and all Kinds of Lewdnefs^ and his profufe Expences upon unlawful Pleafures, re duced him to the Neceffity of being a Penfioner of France — - If he had any Religion it was that of a Difiguified Papift, or rather a Dei ft ; but he was strange ly entangled all his Life long with the Obligations he had been brought uqder fomewhere to the R^oman Ca- 2 tholicksa Chap.X. of the Puritans." ^5 tholicks. He aimed at being an abfolute Monarch, King but would- be* at no further Trouble than to give his CharlesII. corrupt- Miniftry Liberty to do what: they would to ac- J^if complifh it. The King had a great many Vices (fays ^*^ Burnet) but few Virtues to -correct them. Religion was with him no more than an Engine of State. He hated the Non-Conjormifts becaufe they appeared againft the Prerogative, and received the Fire of all the Enemies -of the Conftitution and Proteftant Religi!- on, with an unfhaken Firrnnefst, His Majefty's chief Concern at laft was for his .Brother's Succeffion ; and when he came to die he fhewed no Remorfe for. an, ill fpent Life ; not a Word of Religion was heard from him: No Tendernefs for his Subjefts, nor Concern for his Queen, but only a Recommendation of his Miftrefies; and their Children to his Brother. So that no Englijh-Man, or Lover of his Country* could wifh for the Life of fuch a Prince, from any other Motive, than his keeping out a Succeffor who was worfe than, himfelf. M m 4 CHAP, J36 The HISTORY Vol.IV.' C H A P. XI. From the Death of King Charl.es II. ftp. King James lid's Declaration for.Lib.eixy of Confeience. s *.. ' -> - ..: _-.- f>. King \KJ HEN the News of the late King'snDeath was Jam« ir* VV fpread over the City, a penfive Sadriefswas' xJ^Xj vifible in moft Countenances for the Fate of the nalized himfelf in profecuting the PopiJh Pl(it, and ^^L/ was frequently in Company with the .late Lord Rujjel, ^*^ was taken off the Exchange, Oftob.er 13. and within little more than a. Week tried, condemned, and exe cuted for High Treafon in Cheapfide, .-.without any to lerable Evidence, and his Quarters fet upon Guildhall. On the fame Day Mrs. Gaunt,., a Diffenter,' who fpent a.Burner,, great Part of her Life in Acts of Charity, sdfiting thep. 649. Gaols, and looking after the Poor of what Perfuafion fo ever, having entertained.Burton, one of .Monmouth's Men in , her Houfe, he,, by an unheard of Bafenefs, ¦while foe was looking out for an,. Oppcrt/nity to fend him out pfthe Kingdom, went out and ;iccufed her for harbouring him, and by that means . feved his own Life by taking, away hers; foe was bur t alive at Tyburn, and died with great Courage and Devotion. Mr. Batman a Surgeon, Mr. Rouje, Mr. Ferneley, Col. Ayloffe, , Mr. Nelthorpe, and others, fuffered in tike manner. Lord Stamford was admitted to Bail, and Lord Delayers :was tried by his Peers -and ac quitted. . Many that had correfponded with the Duke of Monmouth abfconded, and had Proclamations againft them, as John Trcnchard, Efq-, Mr. Speke, . and others. But all that fuffer'd in this: .Caufe expreffed. fuch a Zeal ' for the Proteftant Religion,, which they apprehended in Danger, as made great Impreffions on the Spectators. Some faid the King was hurried on by .Jefferies -, but if his own Inclinations had not been, biaffed this way, and. if his Priefts had not thpught it their interest to take off fo . many active Proteftants, who oppofed their Meafures, they would not have let-that Butcher loofe ( fays Burnet ) to commit fo many -barbarous Acts of Cruelty as ftruck an univerfal Horror over the Body of the Nation. It was a bloody Summer, and a dangerous Time for honefl Men to live in. ¦ When the King met his .Parliament, November 9. he 'congratulated them on, the Succefs of his-Asms'; hut toid 544 ..»,#$* HWGJIY a VqoA.TV. ". King tolditiempfchafrwk «rrierii£ouipp of -Moreton; ' ;s "'- and a few others, who could be influenced by nopthfer Principle but Confeience, in a Caufe that had jiodfirtg „, „ (Ari in this World to recommend it but Bonds and- Impri- ..4 fonment, and the Lofs of all Things. 'ttisc/rp-ssi ^4i*; progrefiof Great .were.the Oppreffions of thofe who frequented thePerfc~ the feparate Meetings in feveral Counties ^the Iflforjflr Calamy «Lers Drolce *n uPon Sir John Hardoppa, Mr. Fleetwood, p 372J and others at 'Stoke-Newington, to levy Diftreffes for 373. ' -Conventicles, to the Value, of fix or feven thoufand -Pounds^.' tbsi like at Enfield, Hackney, and, *ll the i*- -' r neigh- Chap.Xl. of the P u r i tan s. 54.5 neighbouring Villages about London. The Juftices King and confiding Clergy were equally diligent in their fe-Jan]** tt*' veral Parifhes.- Injunctions were fent out from feveral \J^^f of the Bifhops under the Seal of their Offices, jrequi-^^^' ring all Church- Wardens to prefent fuch as did not come to Church nor receive the Sacrament at Eafter i which were read publickly in Hertfordshire, Ejjex, &c. And the Juries at the Affizes gave it as their Opinion, That the Diffenters fhould be effectually pro fecuted ; but the fcandalous Villanies and Perjuries of the Injormers made wife Men begin to abhor the Trade ; however, fo terrible were the Times, that many Families and Minifters removed with their Effects to New Eng land, and other Plantations in America -, among whom we may reckon the Reverend and Worthy Mr. Samuel -Lee, the ejefted Minifter of Bijhopjgate, who, in his Re turn to bis Flock, after the Revolution, was taken Prifo- ner by the French, and carried to St. Makes, where he died in a Dungeon, by the Hands of thofe whofe ten der Mercies are Cruelty. Many Minifters were fined and imprifoned, and great Numbers of their moftfub- ftantial Hearers cited into the Commons, their Names being fixed upon the Doors of their Parifh Churches, and if they did not appear, an .Excommunication and a Capias followed, unlefs they found Means, by Pre- fents of Wine, by Gold in the Fingers of a Pair of Gloves, or fome powerful Bribe of the like Nature, to get themfelves excufed ; for which, among others, the Name of Doftor Pinfold is famous to this Day. The Diftenters continued to take the moft prudent Methods of Meafures to cover their private Meetings from their f/rftj^£ Adverfaries. They affembled in fmall Numbers cealtheZ' they frequently fbifted their Places of Worfhip, and Meetistgs. met together late in the Evenings, or early in the Mornings —There were Friends without Doors al ways on the Watch, to give Notice of approaching Danger When the Dwellings of Diffenters joined they made Windows or Holes in the Walls, that the Preacher's Voice might be heard in two or three Hou- Vol. IV. N n fes £46 ^firtftrcHf-8:TQRY. J.YfitJV-. "&nd fe§ fruv** Tliey had.fometimes ."j -private-* Paffages!> 'from i68fj \ :°&& Houfe to a3jtSfiftef^carj.d ®ta$» Doom, for the .Efeape ^cpyjj^'offthe' Minifter^- who went always iri Difgiiife; 'except * wheni he.was/difefeirgirig- his OfBoia.u — i- '•Bi Country .Towns and Villages:. theyi went through Back' Yards tand GardfinstimtQithe'.Haufe^; to avokbthe- Obfervation pf Neigtrbaurs' and1 Paffengers - — For the feme Rea fon, they !EevCTi)fung.;Pfelms-^— and Qh*' Minifter was pliiped/jfo. fuch an inward Part of the Horifeithat his -Voice might not be h&sdS^iin the Streets ^ The Doors ;wer,e. lalways: locked, n and a Ceminel -placed; ©ear it, $qi give\ Notice of aneAlEnri; that the, Treacher ' might •efcape.. by jfome.^Hvate-3 Paffage,. with '.astmany 'of ithffi!GongEqgation-'aS'-«buki avoid xhHiSt^K^s.-^But Inotwithftahding -all theii:^£recautions, Spief-'ntift Falje -Brethren crept in among ithem in Difguife;: -'-theiri Af- ¦&ttTrilksoWere - frequendyiiaterrXipted^ 'andf^l^yci^nB aof Mdsfcyfraifed byi Finds or Compofitions^- to the Dif- -couragement of Tr-adeahd Induftry^>Snd!»^Skif^^ the iOfficers.ofthe.iS'^ri/Ka/ Courts. ¦ HO^WWnaMsi«he ¦Zeal of' our Forefathers ** And what' Hazatfdsidid fifty arum for the Freedom sof their. Confciencest •> trMrri '" Progrefi f ¦ ;,, Ihusjvete the Noii-C®nformists!'gPound between the c/FoPe,y- iPfl^i'iori-ione hand, ; /and -.the High^Church Clergy on'\the other, whileithe former madcr>foeir Advantage 'of die latter, concluding,:' that when, -the* Diffenters ^gteAftrityed, or th&rdughly exafperated^' and: the Clergy divided among themfelves, they foould be a Matdi for diet Eftablifoment, \ and be capable of' inn- '•*-troduoirig -that Religion' they had been fo; long airfting "'¦ at, x To -make Way for this, Swarnas'of J ejuitsiahd " \. .:A\,v Regular Rrdejls were fent for from; abroad $u.Jejuits- . i; ... , s', 'Schools^ and other Seminaries, fwere fet up in London and the Country ; Mafis> Houfes were ereftednnHthe moft confiderable Towns; .four. Roman ^Q^thoUdk^B'Aoos were confecrated in whe. Royal Chapel, and exercifed their Functions ufider the Character of Vicars\Apdfto- iical-, their, regular Clergy appeared at.- Wl-ddehalldxnd St.' .Jama's :im their Habits, and were unwearied in ^i r. VL their Ghap* XI. of thefP tj r i ta n s. 547 their Attempts t© feduce the- common People. The King 3 Way to Preferment was to be a Catholick, or to<^-Jam" IL .eJzre for ,tfa Prerogative; for all State Affairs were^T^J r-managed by fuch Men. An open Correfpondence was ^^r^ i held with, Rome, and many Pamphlets were difpesfed -¦ over, the Countries, to captivate, the common People to the Romifh Faith, or at leaft to a Coalition with it. asMultitudes of the King's Subjects frequented the Popifh \i Chapels, fome changed their Projeffion -, and alt Men were forbid to fpeak difrefpeftfully of the King's Religion.' 1i_ -•¦ This opened the Eyes of many of the Clergy, and Clergy -t put, them. upon preaching againft the Popifh Do5irinesforbldfi3 fl 1 - 1 1 t» 1 1 ¦ preach that they, might recover the People who were running-^ . ¦* from them,J and refcue the , Proteftant Religion from popery. s the Danger 'their own Follies had brought it into. ri^he King, being, made acquainted with thus, his Maje* arrfty, by the Advice: of his Priefts, fent circular Letters to the Bifoopsj with' an- Order, prohibiting the inferior wfelergy from. preaching on the controverted Points of Re- •$$fgion 5 which- many complained of, tho' it was no more Burnet, ytthan King James . and Charles tfL. had done before. P- ^74- However, when their Mouths' were ftopc in the Pulpit, But they fome, of the moft learned and zealous agreed; to fight the'write a- Catholicks .with their owni Weapons, and to publifh£aw-/? ,tm fmall Pamphlets for, the Benefit of the Vulgar in defence v of the Proteftant • Doctrines. When a Popifh Pam phlet was in. the. Prefs they, made Intereft with the Workmen,: and got. the, Sheets as they were wrought off, fo that an Anfwer was ready .as foon as the Pam- s,phlet was publifhed. There was hardly a Week but fome Sermon or fmall Treatife againft Popery was (.printed and difperfed among the common People, ,1 which -in the Compafs of a Year or two produced a :t valuable 1 Set of Controverfial Writings againft the Er- after all,' fonl&of the Diffenters did write ; and if we may behev^ ©r, £rf- lamy, Mr. Baxter f and others; dieir Trafts being thought too warm, were refuted to be liCenfed.^Opon^he p. 702. Whole, Bifhop Bumetwifely Obferves, that as*h&]E>#&- ters would Hot engage ori the Side of Foperf ma the Prerogative, nor appear for taking off the Tefts tff-tfofe prefent Circumftances ; fo on the Other hand^tliey^eire unwillingtb provoke the King, Who had latetjfgft^i them Hopes of Liberty, leftdie foould make^ Me ters upon any Terms with the ^Church Party at'Athsfr Expence j nor would thfey rff^ke the Church Ram* Ghap.XI. oft^f.PmRiTAns. 549 or {by any ill Behaviour, drive them, into aReconcili- King atfon with the Court; .;r^t%More they refolved to letJ^gj11" the : Points of. Controversy ajprje, and, leave them to the Jy^/ Management- of the Clergy who had a* legal Bottom to fupport them. The Clergy's writing %us/zeafoufiy againft Popery The Cler- broke all Meafures b,etweei>; the. King and the Church.?/' ™»- of .England, and" made each Party court that Body 0jtinfhefint Men for their .Auxi^aries.w}}^. they had., been perfe-^J^- cuting and deftroying, for fo, many Years. His' Maje- /-w«a the fty now refolved to introduce an univerjal Toleration King and in defpite of, the Church, and at their Expence. Thechurch< Cruelty of ^e-, Church of England was his common Burnet* Subject of-' Dife-purfe; he, reproached them for theirp 7'5' violent Peffoutions/)frthe, diffenters, .and.fakl, he had intended th fet on foot a Toleration fooner, but that Andbringt J&. was. reftrained. by Sows or them who had treat-L'bedJy*° Sfttwith him, anftihqd fiftder taken to jhew Favour to the tfru !-"en P.apffts, pj&fflldni', they might be, ftill fuffered. to vex the Diffenters ^^1^ he -named the very Men, tho' they thought fit afterwards to deny it: But how far the ;F&ft is: probable muftfoVleft'with the Reader. It being thtft impracticable to obtain a legalTolerdtion By virtue in. the prefent Circumstances of the Nation, his Majefty efthe di- determined to attempt it by the Difpenfing Power ; fotljfinf'"£ this purpofe Sir Edward Hales, a Popifh Gentleman of B°^' &?»£was bought to Trial for breaking through theTeft^ 66 * Aft, when Sir Edward Herbert, Lord Chief Juftice, gave Judgment jn-,, his ; Favour,, and declared the Powers oj the Crown to be>abfiolute..: /the other Judges, were clo- fetted, and fuch difplaced as were of adifferent Sentiment ; and the King being refolved to have twelve Judges of his own Opinion,; four had their Quietus, and as niany new ones were: advanced, f"om whom the King exafted a Promife; to fupport the Prerogative in all its tBranches. There was 1 , a new Call of Serjeants, who -ga&e Rings with this Mtotto, Deus, Rex, Lex, God, xhe,KwgM and the Law, the King being, placed before therLaw. The Privy Council was new modell'd, and N.n 3 ftve- S$b The HISTORY VoUIVV King feveral declared Papifts. admitted' into it'; two k:M>-' ^fLJ^fiding Clergymen wefe pforhored to Bifhopricksy POT- y^fd&ker" td 'Oxjord, and Cartwright to Chefter.' Many Pamphlets were writ and difperfed ih favour of Liber ty ofi 'Confidence ; and Sir Roger L'Efirange, with othet mercenary Writers, "were employed to maintain, that a Power in' the King to'dijpenje with the Laws, is ^el- . Law. - But the Judgment of private Writers not be- p ,q?'r?' fog7 thought fuffi'cient, it was, and granted to the prejent King, but the antient Re1- mains oj the fiovereign Pbwer of the Kings1 of England, tddhich -was: never yet taken jrom them, '«*r can be. Thus thev Laws '-'of England were given up at once into the Hands of the King, by the Voice of hfe Judges. ISfon- This Point being fecured, his Majefty began to ca- C°n{ff-'Th re*~s tne Non-Conjormifis'v " All oh a hidden (fayS Bi-< 'ff* Court f^fa°f> Burnet) the Churchmen were difgraced, and p. 672. " the Diffenters in high Favour. Lord Chief Juftice " Herberf'went the Western Circuit after 'Jefferies, " who was now made Lord Chancellor, arid all" was " Grace and Favour to them ; their former Sufferings " were much reflected' upton and pitied ; every Thing " was offered that might alleviate them -, their Mini- *4 ficrs were encouraged to fet up their Coiiverrticles, '¦' which had been difcontiriUedy or held very fectetly *' for four of five1 Years5; Intimations were given eve- " ry where, that the King would not have them not "'their Meetings difturbed:"' A Dijpenjation, or -Li1-' cenje Office vtais- fet Up; -where all that applied might- have an Indulgence, paying only fifty Shillings for- -:' '' '-' them- CI$'p,.XI. of the Eu^ita n s. b$ i themfelves and their Farhifies, Many whoj^d been , King , profecuted for .Conventicles -took out,.thofe>'Lic'enfe$:,Jafnes ^ which not only .ftopt all Prbeeffes, -that were vcom men- \jlfi^j ced^jbjt gave them liberty -to go -publickly to faete*^ ings fori the future. ¦ " Upon this .(.fays the feme Re- '-'•„. verend Prelate), fome of the. Diffenters grgw-info- "v lent,,, but.iwifer, Men .arriong; them perceived the '*¦ -Defign, of the Papifts was hbw,toj;fet on the Diffen- " ters .againft the Church, anptl therefore tho' they re-1 "-turned to, their Cipvmpif'les, yet they had -a juft '*- Jealoufy of the ill Dtfigns, that lay hid under all " this hidden, and unexpected Shew of "Grace and " Kindnefs, and they toot. Care not to provoke the- ", Church Rarty" -But where then Were the Eyes of the -s High Church Clergy, during the whole Rtign of King Charles II. when they rain'd down Venpeance upon, the Non-Conformifts. and their Families, and took Advantage of every perfecuti.ig Law- for a long- Courfe of Years. Did they not perceive the De-! fign of the Papists ? Or were, they not willing rather to court them, at, the. Expence of the whole Body of Dif fenting Proteftants ? Bifhop Laud's Scheme of uniting- with the Papifts, and meeting them half Way, was never out* of, their, fight; however, when- the Reader calls to mind the -Oppression and Cruelties that the con fcientious Non-Conformifts underwent from the High Church Party for twenty , five Years, he will be ready to conclude, they would have deferved no , Regard, if, the Proteftant Religion it felf had not been * at Stake. , , .,, , , , ¦ Thus the -All wife Providence of God put a Period ^^ inform his'pajefty, Tj^t ©f lafe ftboye *>*V"v> cw thodijandfive hundred p^thejr Friends were inrrPrivI Account fii fortteKifig.-— Some had not aBe^efttokf^^upon:; ^¦'¦'-:-f d l * i -tBM ino o1 ^ The Aft» or Penal Laws on which they fuffered were thefe* eo Some few tilffered on the 27 Henry VIII. cap. 20. m -.^rhian Others on~i Eliz. cap. 2. for twelve Pence a Sunday. 5 EJiz. cap. 23. De excommu. capiendo, l tl „V.-.-9i TOO 23 £/zz. cap. 1. for 20 Z. a Month, r food 91£ l^W^-V^- 9fo 7-9 Elise. cap. 6. for Continuation. _ ^ , . ". niU-H 35 EH*- cap. l. for Abjuring the Realm on Pain of Death. . lH :A 3 King fames I. cap. 4. _/ar Pramunire, Imp-ifontnent' during Life, and Eftates confifcatcd. > _...;_• : - < -' ' °5 1 3th arid 14th of King Charles fl^ againft Quakers, :hith^L tion of the laft Reign % how many Families were impoverifbedf. Number ?/"anc| reduced .to Beggary; how many. Lives were, loft anJEdi- m' Prifons and ftinking Gaols ; how many . Minifters mate of were divorced from their People, and forced to livQ Damages as they could, five Miles from a Corporation ; how. fuftained many induftrious and laborious Trudejmen were out- off Non-Con- from tfte*r' Trades ' anc^ trieir Subftance and Houfhold formifts z» Goods carried off by Soldiers, and divided among idls the two laft and infamous Informers. The vexatious Suit&of the -Comru, Reigns. mons, and- the Expences of thoje Courts were immenfe. t-. Preface The Writer of the Pfejace. of Mr. Delaune! s'--, Plea *De- jor the Non-Conformifts, -fays, that Delaune was one p,une s of near eight' thoufand Proteftant Diftenters, who had? ; p. / periflied in Prifon in the Reign of King Charles II. and that meerly for Diffenting from the Church in Jome _¦ Points which they were able to give good Reajon for ; and yet for no other Caufe (fays he) were they -stifled* I had almost faid, murder'd in Gaols ^- As for the fevere Penalties inflicted on them for feditious and riot-i ous Affemblies, defigned only for the Wof fttp of .»' God, he adds, that they fuffered in their Trades and EftateSj within the Compafs of rthree Years; at leafb two Millions ; and doubts, whether in all the Times fincefthe Reformation, including alfo the iReign of Queen Mary,- there can be' produced- any Thing like' fuch a Number of Chriftians' who have fuffered Death- j and fuch«Numbefs who have loft- their Subftance, fop. Hift. Religion. Another Writer&adrJSy< that^Mr. Jeremy Stuarts, jfrbit'e, had carefully collected- a Lift of the- Diffenting, *" 7'5' Sufferers , and of their Sufferings ; and had the NameS: of fixty thoufand Perfons who had fuffered o»* Reli^ gious Account, between tho - Re-ftoratioae of * King Charles II. and the Revolution of King William }¦ five thoufand of whom died in Prifon, That Mr; While "'¦*'¦* ...r u yo oaniavofokjb "**¦ Cfcap.Xl. of the Fir r i t'a#s. $5$ tokl Lord Dor jet,- that King James had offered him a -#»*£ .thoufand Guineas dm. the > Manufcript, but- that he re-**™^1** .fofed' alf Invitations and Rewards, and concealed -the ^^y^ black Record, that it- :might r not-' appear to the Difre- putation of the Church of England', for which ionic <5f .the Clergy fent him thew Thanks, and ofite'redhim kh Acknowledgment, which he generoufly refufed. The Reader will form, his own Judgment of the1 Truth of tkfeiFacts. 'Tis certain, that befides thofe that fuf fered at home, great Numbers retired to the Planta tions: of New England^ Penftlvania, arid other Parts of. America. Many tranfported themfelves and their S.S'e&.sdinto Holland, and filled the Englijh Churches of Amfterdam, the Hague, Utrecht,1 Ley den, Rotter danii, and other Parts. If we admit the Diflenting Families of the feveral Denominations in England to be rib more than one hundred and fifty thoufand, and that each Family fuffered no' more than the Lofs of three or four Pounds per Annum from- the Acl oj Unijormity, the whole will amount to twelve- or foLtrfeers Millions ; "a prodigious iSom for thofe Times ! But thefe are only Conjectures ; the. Damage to the Trade and Property of the Nation Wis undoubtedly immenfe ; and the Wounds that wete made in the Eftates of private Fa- frMcfs;were deep and large, many of whom, to my certain Knowledge, Wear the Scafs of them to this Day. When the Proteftant Diffenters rofe up into publick. Reafons of View as a diftinct Body, their long Sufferings had-not.^"' very much diminifoed their Numbers, Which tho' notnotdecrm. to. be . compared with thofe of the Eftalblifhment; orjing. the 'Tories' arid Roman ^-Catholicks,- were yet fo con- fidscable-as to be capable of turning the1 Scale on either Sfcte^UrOcording as they foould throw in their Weight, whieht might poffibly be owing to fome of the folio w- ingn Reafons': Ml* -I.i To' their Firmnefis and Confiancy ina long Courfe if Suffering:, : which convinced the World that : they were' ndigoverned by Humour, but by Confeience. v. -2 „ . To- 556 ,gyVHISTQRY* ., Vol.IV. King 3, Tp /<&«V Doilrine and Manner of Preaching, J*™"11, which was plain and practical, accompanied with a ^J^^warm and awakening Addrefs to the -Canfciencei Their Doctrines? Were thofe of tthe firft Reformers, which; were grown out of Fafhion in die Church ; and their Way of 1 Worfoip was fimple and plain, without the Ornament of human Rites and Ceremonies* ¦¦. irn 3. To the Severity of their Morals, at a Time when the Nation was funk into all Kinds of Vice and Pror- phanenefs, from which they kept at a remarkable Diftance. Their Converfetion was fober and virtuous. s > ^They obferved the Lord's Day with Religious. Strict- "*"«nefs fo their Families, and had an univerfal Reputa- ff ;'„-,: ^tjon for Juftice and Integrity in their Dealings. *o sum w sis? -ft 4° The Support of their Numbers was further viVvsufl^ owing to the careful andftricl Education of their Chil* knxiS'&xfoen, whom they impreffed with an early Senfe oj "'" '"' fcriptural Religion, and educated in t&eiR own Ws$ as they had Opportunity, under privatsiS^a&l-iMsdlei^ of thek own Principles, •nil •-, inuorm 01 jrl^uoid ion 5. .They had no lefs a Concern for s Sucteffien-of fible and learned Minifters, and therefore encouraged the fetting up private Academies inieverabParts of the Nation; and 'tis remarkable that many Gentlemen and fubftantial Cteizens devoted their Children to the Miniftry, at a Time when they had nothing in view but Borids and Imprifonment.. j« ,-',^\,. >s. ,,, fo 6. It might be owing futther* to the perjeeuting Zeal of the High Church Party, attended with an ami common Licentioufnefs of Manners. If their Zeal againft. the Non-Cojjforrnifts had produced-? a greater Sanctity of Life, and Severity of Morals,: it hadAete lefs offenfive > but to fee Men of bad Morals figmAg Warrants of Diftrefs upon theirt Neighbours,, onh/ifo* wprfhippirigGod, peaceably at afieparate Meetmgsf&hzh themfelves hardly worfoipped God at aU* -but werb infamous for all Kinds, of Immorality, made fome apt prehend there was nothing at all in Religion ; arid others refolve to^take their Lot with a-morc-fobcr People, Finally, .XI. of the PtjRf-'rAMS. 557 *!• -Finally, TheSpirit and ¦Principles of Torifm began King $0 -appear Ruimus?ito the Nation. The Old Englijh James IL eonftitutidri, by which the Diffenters had flood firm J^^j for ^jbve twenty Years, was in a^ Manner loft, which ** raifed their ' Refutation with all true Lovers of their Country .,n!.Their' Sufferings were now' regretted,1 and many who had contracted a fettled Abhorrence of Po pery, "and of the deftructive Meafures of the1 'Tories, appeared in the Caufe of Non-Coftformity, and joined their Congregations, -oJ iprr) rbirtw merit jumsnet .en To return to the Hiftory ¦, the Diffenters being now ACommifi riiade eafy, it -Was refolved to turn the Artillery of xhefi°nff En- Prerogative againft the Church, and make them feel ^I'fifJ-' little of the Smart they had given others ; the King and the Diffen- his Priefts were thoroughly inraged with their Oppofi-ters had tlori to the Court, and therefore appointed ComrhifCi-fttftai"t,ib oners all over England to enquire, What Money hadp'J:furcb been ratified ? Or what Goods had been fieized by Di- ftrejs on Diffenters or iProfieeutions jor Recufancy, and not brought to account in the Exchequer ? In the Ga^ zette" of 'March 5. "1687.) it is 'advertifed, That the Xfornniffismrs appointed to examine into the Loffes of Diffenters and Recufants within the feveral Countiesof Gloucefter, Worcefter, and Monmouth, were *tO hold their Seffions for the faid Counties, at the Places there in mentioned. tfiOthers were appointed for the Counties of Middlejex, Effcx, Sec to enquire what Money or Goods- had been taken Or received for any Matters" re lating to Religion fince September 29. 1 6fy. in any of the Counties for which' they were named;"" They were toirenira the Names of all Perfons who had feiz- edocGbeds^r or received 'Money. The Parties them- §4v8sfiifikfive, were obliged to appear, and give Ac- ebtonffoand if dead their Relations were to appear before th^GQn^iflS&rers for them. Id This ftruck Terror into drovwhoK Tkibesofi' Informer'si, the confiding Juftices, aqd atberssWho expected now to be ruined •, but (fays ttoj Calamy f the Proteftant Diffenters generoufly refufed wc^pearragainft their Enemies;1 upon Affurances gt- vi '.v:.-: ven f>. 715. .£58 fMffl$r.aRY, ?*Vpuy, .-&'*£- veti by^Jao^^I^f|fons, both ClqEgyrand Laity,, that ^%--?frnp.;fgch Methods fhould be ufed for. the Future.,. But ijjf.^/.f j£a^/^?lii^$Bf! ceeded? and the Diffenters all aver England, badoorrje into it, .a black and fraudulent '"'pne would have .been opened, which ncprvWd^i f^e, Bifoop Burnet fays, "• Siffe M^®&$$kf$& them, to enquire into all ^xaiiou^^f^^o^^ai^o, " the. iDiffenr,ers had been brought d^d ihgbfijj^riiyql f' Courts, and into all the Compajitions -|h^rh^Tb£eri gj<|-J«rther a " forced to make to redeem themfelves :, " Trouble, .which i, as was Jaid, mould have.dbrwght 'dff&fyfight a Jcandalous Dijc-fvery ofi alfethedlkPraclfi "' ffs %$&$&.-: 1 They- were alfo to enquire info all Mifde- .'•' -meanors and Contempts which might be punifhed '-¦"") r>s( by the Cenfures of die Church, and to call before *' ~ '* .$' them, all Ecclefiaftical^ Perfons of what Degree and >? --Dignity r,foever-,« and puhifo.-the Offenders by Ex- th GommunkatioriS, -Sufoenfions, ui Deprivations, or f- "Other Ecclefiaftical .'Cenfures, %-&c."- This was a ter rible Rod hung up over-. the Clergy, and if the Com- ' -t&iffwierjS ' had had: Time to, proceed in their Enquiries, :aflefording.to the Mandates fent to the Chancellors and (Atfehcklacons of the feveral Diocefes, they would have 4fe}t3n©re of the Effe&js of, that arbitrary Power which their unwife Conduct had brought. on the Nation ; but (Providence was kinder to' them than they had been to *. their Neighbours. The Commiffion was -granted the We' w. - .beginning of April, but was not opened till, the begin- P- 198- - ining-'of Auguft -, the Archbifhop, of Canterbury was .afraid to aft in it 5 ir Durham was fo lifted up' (fays -Burnet) that he faid his Name would now -be record ed 1 in Hiftory •, and Sprat Bifhop of Rockefterfi in ihopes of 'further-. Preferment, went with ther Stream. ¦Some Roman Catholicks were -in the .CoiTsmiffion, ,ar)d confequendyithe Enemiesy. of the-. Proteftant Religion -were. to. be its Judges. 3i(j t^tu -jAu -o£S>»vtwv-,t- ¦>_, .;isButrihis -Majefty not being'wiiling to rfelyalt^ethorv/SW- Wthz Oxford-Decree, moron the fafoionable Doctrines ™gdrmy •Mi.P-effive-Obedie'nce- -and Non-Refiftance, \ which had^-^""' fdbeen preached up for above twenty Years as -the unal terable Doctrines' of 'the Church of England-, -in order ito fupport his extraordinary . Proceedings refolved t-rp \ .augment his standing Forces to fifteen - thoufand" Men. :;He.wkB apprehenfww of a of the Earl of Feverfttam, to awe the City, and be at hand upon any Emergency % the Officers and ffiany of the Soldiers were Iri/h Papifts, and they had a publick Chapel in which Mafs was faid every Day, fo that it was believed the King might introddce What Religion Gazette, j^ pieafod. It was dangerous to fpeak or write againft N° 2192-his Majefty's Proceedings'; for when the Reverend Mr. Johnjon, a Clergyman, ventured to publifh a Writings directed to the Proteftant Officers of the Ar my, to diffuade them from being Tools '¦•of the Court to fubvert the Conftitution and Proteftant Religion ; diligent Search was made for him, and being appre hended, he was fentenced to ftand three Times in the Pillory, to be degraded of his Orders, to be whipt from Newgate to Tyburn, and to be fined five hundred Marks; all which was executed with- great Seve rity. Affairs of Affairs in Scotland were in equal Forwardnefe with Scotland, ^fafe of England ; the Parliament which met at Edin- tSdt burgh in May 1685. while the Perfecution continued, ' declared their Abhorrence of all Principles derogatory to the King's abfiolute Power, and offered their Lives and Fortunes to defend it againft all Oppofers. They paf fed an Act, making it Death to refort to any Conven ticles in 1 Houfes or Fields ; and declared it High Treafon to give or take the National Covenant, or to write in defence of it. They nlfo obliged the Subjects of Scotland to take an Oarh^ when required, -to main tain the King's abfiolute Power, on pain of Banifhment. Popery made very confiderable Advancesin that King dom, and feveral Perfons of Character changed their Religion with the Times. But the Populace were in the other Extream ; the Earfof Perth hWinglfet up a private Chapel for Mafs, the Mob broke into it with fuch Fury that they defaced and ddtroyed the whole Furniture, ^-for which one tff then>-was agprchended --" and Cb.ap.XI. ofi the ^jor $ 1 -jyCN s. 56 1 and- hanged-. ¦ When the Englijh Court; changed Mea- Ai'«^ fores the Scots Parliament agreed to, a Sufpenfion of the James ir* Penal Lawi for. the King's Life ; but 'his- Majefty w-j£*%. fiftingupon an entire. Repeal,, which they declined, he ynr^ diffolved them. The EpifcopakClergy were-obfequi- ousto the* Court, and^in many-Places fo fonkirito: Sloth and Ignorance, that the. lf>we& People were .grown quite indifferent in Matters of Religion ; but the Presbyter i- an.Si thp'-ww freed -fromthe Severities they hacl finarted -under for, many Years, expreffed upon all Occafions * an unconquerable Averfion, to -Popery, and; by De grees, routed the whole Nation "put of their Lethargy. ,;-,,„.- In Irekgia"* Things , had, ftill -a more favourable Of Ire- ¦ Afipect -for-, the, Court : JThe . King had^a greater De-land- , pendance .on the Irijh Catholicks than upon any of his ^pther Subjects. Colonel- Talbot, Earl, of Tyrconnel, was - made Lord Lieutenant of that Country, a vile . a^rprofiigate- Officer, , who ferupled no kind of Barharity and-rAVickedqefs to ferve his Caufe ; he broke feveral Proteftant Officers in the Army, and by degrees turned them all out to make room for Papifts. ^-^ AlkO|fkes-both Civil ,-aiisf Military were put into the ~'-x& Harjds of the vileft Mifcreants; there was not a Pro- fteftarnt- Sheriff left in that Kingdom ; the Charters were taken away,' and new model'd in favour of Papifts. The Corporations were diffolved, and all Things ma- nag'd with am arbitrary Hand, fo that many imagin ing the maffacring Knife to beat their Throats left the .-Kingdom,; fome tranfporting themfelves into Eng- >Jand:, tand, others into. more remote and diftant Coun tries. ..Thus. far, the Prerogative prevailed without any &e^ylfe. •" - L : All Things being now ready to attack ^the- CharchBiJhop of of Engl^tdr. in- Form, it was refolved to begin w'v&fffi^fi Jnakiog^au: Example of fome of their leading Divines /ttdPm e : Dr. Sharp, Redtor of .St.- Giles's, having broke; thro* the,- King's Order, of not fpr eaching on the controvert* ^:;^^fj-',,,and-fpoken difrefpectfully of the King's ^i^jpn.^ftiOfl^of-his Sermons, the Bifhop of London ^.VoL-iV! O o" "was 562 rT^ HISTQRY .VpXIV. King was aj^ered to. fufpend him -, h$fc the Bjifopp, with all JaJJJ61L dutiful Refpeft to lus Majefty, fent Word,, That he xS"v+>J c°nld not proceed in fuch a fommary Way? i DUt that when the Caufe was heard iri "the Commons hi would ;prbribunee' fuch Sentence as the Canons foould warrajitr* arid iri the mean Time wou)d defirp, the Doctor tp,,for- Bumet, bear preaching. The Court refenting the Bifhop's p. 676. peri'ial, cited him before the Ecclefiaftical Commiffion Aug. 4. where he was treated by Jefferies'irda Manner unbecoming his1 Character. The Bifoop excepted to the Authority of the Court, as contrary to Law;, aryd added, that he had complied in the Doctor's Cafe a.srTar as 'the Ecclefiaftical L'tiws would permit. But 'npf- Wkhftanding all that his Lordfhip could fay in his De- lb. p. 677. fence he wds fufpended ab Officio, and the Bifoops of Durham, Rochefter, and Peterborough, were appoint ed Commiffioners to exercife Jurifdidtipn during Iris Sufpenfion. But Dr. Sharp, after having expreffed his Sorrow in a Petition for falling under the King's Difpleafure, was difmiffed with a gentle Repri mand, and fuffered to return to the Exercife^ of his Function. Privileges The King's next Attempt was upon the Univerfities. : efthe Urn- -flG Degan with Cambridge, and commanded' Dr. Pea- ^frfity "f rfoi xhe Vice-chancellor to adjust one Alban Francis, invaded, a Benedictine Monk, to the Degree of M. A. , without Bum. adrriiniftring to him any Oath or Oaths whatfoever; p- 7°°- all which his Majefty declared lie, would difpenfe with. The Vicechancellor having read the Letter to ,die Con gregation of Regents, it was agreed to petition , the King to revoke his Mandate -, bpt inftead of comply ing with their Petition, the King fent for the Vice- chancellor before the Ecclefiaftical Commiffion, by whom he was fufpended ab Officio & Beneficio, for Difobedience and Contempt of the King's Commands ; and Dr. Balderfton, Mafter of Emanuel College, was chofen Vicechancellor in his Room. And of Soon after the King fent a Mandamus to the Vlce- c0an ! Ox P^hdent of Magdalen' College, Oxford,] and to, the ford.' v . '", v ~ .-•¦-, j?£i„ Chap.XI. dfthePWiTA^h 563 Fellows, to choofe Mr. Farmer, a' Man of 111 Repu- Kdng- tation, their Prefident, iri the Room of Dr. Clarke, Ja*^' #• deceafed ; but in' defiance of the King's Mandate they J^^ chofe Dr. Hough ; for which they were cited before ^^^ the Ecclefiaftical Commiffioners, b\it haying proved Farmer to be a Man of bad Characteri the King re- linquifhed him, and order*d them by another Mandate to choofe Dr. Parker, Bifoop of Oxjord., The Fel lows naving agreed to abide by their firft Choice refu ted to" elect the Bifhop, as contrary to. their Statutes. Upon which the Commiffioners. were fent to vifit them^ who after foridry Enquiries and Examinations, deprived Dr. Hough, and inftalled the Bifhop of Oxjord by Proxy ; and the Fellows refufing to fign a Submiffion to their new Prefident, twenty five of them were de prived, and rriade incapable of any Benefice. Parker died foon after, and One of the Popifh Bifoops was by Mandamus chofen Prefident in his Place ; which in flamed the Church Party fo far, that they fent preffing M'effages to the Prince of Orange^ defiring him to fcfpoufe the Caufe of the Church, and break with the King if he would not redrefs their Grievances. ThusBurilet3i the very firft beginnings of Refiftance to King James^' 7<31* came from that very Univerfity who but four Years before had pronounced this Doctrine damnable by a-.fio- lemn Decree ; and from thofe very Men who were af terwards' King William's moft bitter Enemies. But the% wider and more defperate the War was be- Both King fweeri the King and the Church, the more neceffary 'a*d . did both Parties find it to foewKindriefs to the Diffen-C!jjftc^he ters -, for this Purpofe his Majefty fent Agents among Dijpentersl them, offering them, the Royal Favour* and all Man ner of Encouragement, if they would concur with his Majefty in abrogating' the Penal Laws and Tefi ; he invited fertile of their Ministers to Court, and pretended to confult them in the prefent Crifis. The Clergy, at the?feme Time, prayed and entreated the Diftenters to1 appear on their Side,- and ftand by the Eftablifh- frfent, making large Promifes- of Favour and bro- O o t therly 564 The HISTORY VbMIV. King, therly AWectfon if ever they got out of their Trou- Jarne? II. bles. ' . .' .^ yj^fd^j The King, notwithftanding* the Stubbornness of ,6g;. the Clergy, called a Council, in which he declared his Kin/s Refolution to iffue out a Declaration for a general Speech in Liberty oj Confeience to all Per Jons oj what Perfiua- ^ibert{7ffim 'J"° *^» " which he^vas moved to do, by having Confeience J1, obferved, that tho' ari Uniformity of Worfoip had Gazette, " been endeavoured to be eftablifhed within this N° 2226. ", Kingdom iri the fucceffive Reigns of four of his **' Predeceffors, affifted by their refpective Parliaments, *' yet it had proved altogether ineffectual. That the " Restraint upon the Confciences of Diffenters had " been' very prejudicial to the Nation,- as was fadly " experienced by the horrid Rebellion in the Time Of ** his Majefty's Father. That the many Penal Lavfrs " made" againft Diffenters; had rather encreafed than " leffened the Number of them ; and that nothing " could ifibre conduce to the' Peace and Qtrieeof this "Kingdom, and the Increafe of the Number as well "; as of the Trade of his Subjects, than an entireLi- **' Berty of Confeience, it having always been 'his Opi- " 'riiori,; as moft fuitable to the Principles of Chrifti- *' ariity, That no' Man fiiould be perfikuted for Confici- *[ ence fake ; for he thought Confeience could not be " forced, and that it could flever: be the true Intereft *e of a King of England to endeavour to do it." Wis Maje-' This Speech meeting with no Oppofition in thfe fijs De- Council, his Majefty on the: 4th of April caufed his 'oTInM- graci°us Declaration for Liberty 'Of Confeience to be gence. publifhed. In" the Preamble to which his Majefty Gazette, does not fcruple to fay, " That.he cannot but heartily N° 2231. wifh (as it will eafily be believed) that all his Subjects were Members of the Catholick Church, yet it is his Opinion, that Confidence ought net to be forced, for ti^e Reafons mentioned in the foregoing Speech, - Which he recites at large ; and then-adds.- '* By virtue of his " Ro^al Prerogative, he thinks fit to iffue out his De- " clafatioh of Indulgence, making no doubt of : the " Con- Chap.XI. of the P \j\\ ltan s. $f>5 !.'.. Concurren^qf his two HPUfoof Parliament, when K^ " he foall think it convenient for them to meet. Ana, ifrg7 Firft, He declares, That he will protect jnd main- ^-^ tain his Archbifoops, Bifoops and Clergy, and aU other his^ubjeas of the Church: of England, m the - free Exercife of their Religion as by Law eftabhihecl, " and in the quiet and full Enjoyment of their Ponel- "Tsons, Secondly, That it is his Royal W.l and «- Pleafure, that all Penal Laws for, Non-Conformity " to the; Religion eftablifhed, or by reafon of the fcx- «* ercife of Religion .in., any. Manner whatfoever be ".immediately fufpended. And .^0 the End that by - -the Liberty hereby granted, the Peace and Security « of the Government in foe Prate thereof may*ot « be endangered, ,he; ftrictly charges and ^^ands .« all his Subjects, that as he freely gives them leave * to meet, and ferve God after their <™-W>* .« in private Houfes, or Places purpofely hi ed and « built for that Ufe, fo, that they take .fpeaal Care « that nothing be preached or taught among .them « which may rend to alienate the Hearts of hPeope ".-.ftomihim or his Government ; and that ther Meet- < ingfand Affembliesbe peaceably openly, and V^uWicklyheld, and, all. Perfons freely admitted o *. diem; and that they fignify and make ^knowp to « fome one or more of the next Juftices of Peace, what « Place or Places they fet ^art for foch Ufe. A nd * M is defirous to have the Benefit of the Serv c : of all . « h£ Subjefts, whichbytheLawofNamre smfepa- if, rably. annexed .and inherent to ta i Royal Per ion W And^that none of his Subjects may be for thefoture « under any Difcouragements or Difabihty, who are « otherwife well enclined, and fit to ferve him, by *lSfe*of fome.O^,ot % that haje g ff been ^minifcrfd upon W^^Jju* ^ " further declares, that it is, his Will and ^leai"r^ m^ « veralfeftsind Declarations ^tioned in heA^of j* ><,rfoww* ***¦ '» #< ^band^thoftisldro^ King ,« ,jf^r^ Rej.gn Jhall ng^hepeaftjer^e, requiwdtf&.hda- Ja^ f f ken, declared? or Jubjcribed.fbjj- .any Per Jens, what-. s^J-ij " fever, who are, or Jhall Unemployed in, any Office, or d\ Place oj Trufi, either Civil pr Military ' Ufidef, him,. '* or. in his Government ', Andifis his Intention from, f Time tOj Tst^ne hereafter to. grant his Royal DijpW- " Jation tp all his Subjefts, fo to be employed, who " foall nof, take the. faid Oaths, or fubfcribe or declare.. '', the faid Tefts or Decorations. , And he does, hereby *', give, his free and ample Pardon to. all Non-Conjor- *', mift .•Recufiants,,, and otj^er his Subjefts, „f6r,. all ^Crimes, arid Things by them, committed, ,Qrfdorfe *' contrary to the Penal Laws:fprrrierly made relating s' to Religion, and the Profeffion, or Exercife, thereof., -? And although the Freedpm - anrj Affuran^e. hq -has. ,.,..,.-,;", hereby given in relation jp Liberty a.ndu Property ¦fc.,-,, d&\ ; might be fufficient to, remove from foe M^ds, ofihjs -: -., .tfi Subjefts all Fears and, Jealoufies fo relatio^tOjekher, *l.yet he thinks -fit to declare, that he, wuU maintain, f, them in all their Properties,. and Poffeffion^, as well f'fl of Church and Abb|ey ,T_.ands, ^as, fo Ot^ef theif 'i Eftates and Properties whatfoeygr-," ,, ., „ , ^ 3r, Another A peckratipn of the femejri||afor,e; ,was^, fent to,, yi^Scpt- ^cotland, .fo which the King, H'hy Viyfijfi oj his df '- .:, f\, Prerogative Royal, abjolute Authority .#$¦. Power 1083! "¦ over -ajfi, his Subjeclsi,%ph,o are hound to, pbeyfim, Burnet, " without refierye, repeals all. tjiq fevere Laws .made, p. 713. " by. his Grandfather -$ing James I,, ar^d, takes, " off all Difabilities from his Rf^an Cqtholick Sub- " jecls, which render'd them , incapable of Employ - " mentSj and Benefices^ ,7 j^e alfo flackened the Laws *' againft moderate Prefbyterians, and promifed neyer, *' to force his Subjefts by any invincible Neceffity tp cf change their Religion. He . alfq, repealed all Laws ¦?' impofing Tefts on thofe whpnhekf any Employ7] merits.'* Rsmarks. This was ftrange Conduft (fays Bp.i?«r$f t) lo>a Roman? Catholick Monarch, at a Time when hfsBrotber of France. had juft broke the Efiifl cf.Na^i,^ and was Dragooning, »' n, : his Chap. -XI. of the P\j r i ta n s. ^67 his Proteftant' Subjefts out of his Kingdom. But the ,h*g ¦ Bifoop fufpefts the King's Sincerity in liis Declaration, James & frPm his prOmifing to ufe no invincible. Neceffity to "^ Was a Rejerve, and that fome Degrees of ; Compulfion might be proper one Time pr other ; which feems to have been a parallel Cafe to the Doctrine of the Church concerning Non-Refiftance. However, by another Proclamation the King granted full Liberty to' the Scots Presbyterians to fet up Conventicles in their own Way, which they thankfully accepted.; but vfrhen !hi> Majefty preffed them to difpofe their Friends to concur with him in taking off the Teft and Penal Laws, which they knew was only to ferve the- Papifts, they anfwered only in cold and general Terms. Iri purfuance of thefe Declarations the Diffenters of Dijfenterf ail Sorts were not only fet at Liberty, but admitted to^dmitte^ ferve in all Offices' of Profit and Trufi. Nov. 6. the^f* King fent an Order to the Lord Mayor of London to ™ ' ' difpenfe jvith the Quakers not fwearing,-' or at leaft not to fine them if they refofed to. ferve, by which means a DoOr was open to the Roman Catholicks, and; to all others to bear Offices in the State without a legal Qualification. Several Addreffes were prefented' to Sewef^J,' the King upon this Occafion from the Companies in theV- 6°g*. , , City ofi London, firom the Corporations' in the Country, and even from the Clergy themfelves, thanking his Majefty for his Declaration jor Liberty oj Confidence ; and his Promife fo fupport the Church of '-England as by Law eftablifihed, assuring him of their Endeavours "to choofe fuch Merhbers for the next Parliament as fhould give it a more legal Sanction. 'The- feveral Denominations of Diffenters alfo wereBui " with the Terider of our rqpft .humble Thanks for " that Peace and Liberty which , both we, and: all " other Diffenters from the. National Church now enf i *' joy— " Next cafne the Presbyterians, ',' whoaooo-i " knowledge his Majefty's Princely Compaffion in re- " feuing them from their long Sufferings,; iiforeftoriirag ; " to God the Empire over Confeience, and-publifoing:: " to the 'World his Royal Chriftian Judgment,- 'Tba$^ " Con- Chap.XI. c/^P'JrVtans: 569 ** Conjcience may not be jor ced • and his .Refolution King »¦' that fuch Force fhould not be attempted . in his J^3 IL- " Reigny which they pray may be lohg: • — >' Then vj^^, followed the Independants : u Sir, The, great Cala- Gazette, " mity we have befen a long Time under, throughtheN0 223S. " fevere Execution of the Penal Laws in Matters of " Religion, has made- us deeply fenfible of your Ma- " jetty's Princely Clemency towards us your Diilent- " ting Subjefts, efpecially fince in the Indulgence " vouchfafed there are rto Limitations hindring the " Enjoyment of it with„a good Confeience, and diat " your Majefty publifoeth to the World, that it has *-' been your conftant Senfe arid Opinion, that Confici- " encei ought not to be confirained, nor People forced in " Matters of meer Religion " About the fame Time was publifhed the humble and. thankful Addrefs of the London Quakers, to this Purpofe, "May if;- - w pleafe the King' Tho' we are not the firft in this v Way,- yet we- hope we are nOt the leaft fenfible of " the great Favours we are come to prefent the King *' our humble, open, and hearty Thanks for ¦ .We " rejoice to fee the Day that a King of England foould " from his Royal Seat fo univerfally affert this Royal " Principle, that Confeience ought not to be. reftrained, il nor People forced jor Matters oj Religion — " The feveral Addreffes above-mentioned exprefs their hum-, ble Dependance on his Majefty's Royal Promife tofie- cure their Rights and Properties, and that he will en deavour- to engage his two Houfes of Parliament: to concur with him in this good Work. Here are no Flights of Expreffion, rtor Promifes of Obedience without Rejerve^ but purely a Senfe of Gratitude and Thankfulnefs for their Liberty. And tho' it muft be allowed that fome Jew Diffenters, Th-ef are from- an Excefs of Joy for their Liberty, or it may be,»e-verthe- froma ftrong Refentment against their late Perjecutors,lf}Jfjk' publifhed fome fevere Pamphlets, and gave too fnuch^/,' Countenance' to the ; Meafures of the Court,, as Mr. Condua. Lobb^Alfiopf ""tod Pen the Quaker, yet the Body" of them lout S7° Vhr HTS 1*0 RY Vol.^ King them kept at a Diftance, and ." as thankful ai they ?am" ir>" ' were for their Liberty (fays Lord Halifax) they. \J~dZ^'s were fearfol of the Issue ; neither can any^Num- " ber of Confideration among them, be charged with '" " hazarding the publick Safety by falling in with foe,' " Meafores of the Court, of which they had as great " a Dread as their Neighbours." And the Lords, irt a Conference with the Houfe of Commons upon the1 Occafional Bill, in the firft Year of Queen Anne, fay,' " That in the laft and greateft Danger the Church " Was expofed to, the Diffenters joined with her, with " ail imaginable Zeal and Sincerity againft the Papists' u their common 'Enemies1,' foewihg no Prejudice ter " the Church, but the) utmoft Refpeft to the Bishops' **' when fent to the Tower1'' The But as the King and Court feemed to carry all before Church /'« them, the Church Party were in defoair, and almost. aptfto tbezt their Wits end; they faw themfelves on-, the brins Diffenters °f Ruin, imagining that they' foould be turned ouf,' for Affift- of their Freeholds for not reading the King's Declara- ance. tlon^ ahd that the Non-Conjormifts would bt admitted Bumet, into t^eir Pulpits ; as Dr. Sherlock, Mafter of the 709° ' Temple, acknowledged iri Converfetion to Mr. Howe'y and that, as the Papifts had already invaded the Uni-" verfities, they would in a little Time overfet the" Whole Hierarchy of the Church. In this Diftrefs they turned their Eyes every where for Relief: They ap- , plied to the Diffenters, giving them the strongest Kp finances of a Comprehenfion, and Toleration in better Times, if they would but affift in delivering them out, J With 0f their prefent Troubles. Bifoop Burnet fayS, that' ¦°rS f'fhe Clergy here in England writ to' the Pririce of miles or 0/ o Favour in Orange, and defired him to fend over fpmfe of the hetter '" Diffenting Preachers, whom the Violence cf the' form-1,1 Times. er Times had driven into Holland, and to' prevail erfer" ftually with them to oppofe afty falfe Brethren, whom1 the Court might have gained over ; and that they ferr£; over very pofitive Afiurances, ; Which palled through;' his own Flands, that in caje they fiood firm' tioty to thid: com- Ch.ap.XI. o/y^;PuRjTANs. 571, eammon Intereft they would in a.betterTimecome into a King Comprehenfion ofi fiuch as could fie brought -into a Cm-^mffi IJ- jupffion with the Church, and to a Toleration of the fd^t reft. Agreeably to thefe Afiurances, when the Reve- B? ilfefn- rend Mr. Howe, 1 Mr. Mead, and other Refugee Mini-'"W**« fters, waited on the Prince of Orange, to return him £w*" of Thanks for the Protection of the Country, and to take ^ their Leave, his Highnefs made them fome Frefents to pay their Debts and defray their Charges home ; and having wifhed them a good Voyage, he advifed them to be very eautious in their Addreffes ; and not to fof- fer themfelves to be drawn into. the Meafures of the Court fo far as to open a ,Door for the introducing of Popery, by defiring the taking off of the Penal, Laws and Teft as was intended. He defired them alfo to ufe their Influence with their Brethren to lay them under foe fame, Reftraints. His Highnejs alfo fent Orders to Monfieur Dykvelt his Refident, to prefs the Diffenters to $and off from the Court ; and to affure them of a full Toleration and Comprehenfion ij ' poffible, when the Crown fihould .d^slve. on the Princejs . oj Orange. Agents were fent among the Diffenters to foften their Refentments againft, the Church, and to aflure them, that Tfof the Future they would treat them as Brethren, as will be feen in the next Chapter. The Diffenters had it now in their Power to diftrefs Remarks. the Church Party, and, it may he, to have turned the Scale againft them, if they would have given way to Revenge, and fallen in heartily with the King's Mea7 feres. They were strongly tempted on both Side? ; foe King preferr'd them to Places of Profit and Truft, and gave them all Manner of Countenance and Encou ragement ; and tfie Churchmen loaded them with Pro mifes and Afiurances what, great Things they would do fpr them.,, as foon as it ihpuld be in their Power. But, alas ! no fooner was the Danger over but the Majority pf diem forgot their Vows in Diftrefs; for when the Convocation met :th.e firft Time after the Revolution they would notched of ,a» Compr eh&nfian, nor fo much " "' "' as $$2 r^HJSTORY .VoklV. " Ki»g as. acknowledge thg foreign, Churches ,fc%,jh.$ir>Rre- James ll.ffo^ t>ut feemed rather inclinable to return to their v-^Jojd Methods pf Perfecution; ,fo little Dependance ought to be placed on High Church Promifes 1 Letter to gut fo their prefent Circumftances it wa&i neceffary filter ^ Ratter the Non-Conjormifts, and weaken the, King's Harids, by diffuading the. Diffenters': from relying on the Promifes of their new Friends ; fpr-.thJA Purpofe a Pamphlet writ by the- Marquis of Halifax , and pub lifhed by j^dvice of , fome of the moft eminent- Digni taries of the Church, was difperfed all over .England, entitled, A Letter to a, Diffenter upon Occafion oj his Majefty's. -late gracious Declaration oj Indulgence. It begins with faying, " that Churchmen are not surprized ** nor provoked at the Diffenters accepting foe, Offers " of Eafe from the late Hardfoips they lay under, but ¦" defire them to confider, i. The Caufe they have to " fufpeft their new Friends./- And, ; 2. m Their Duty *' in Chriftian ity and Prudence not to hazard the pub- " lick Safety by a Defire of Eafe or- Revenge. " With regard to the Firft, the Church of Rome " (fays the Author) does not only diflikp your Liber- " ty, but by its Principles cannot allow it ; they " are not able to make good their Vows $ may, it " wpuld.be a Habit of Sin that requires Abfolution? "..you. are therefore hugged now only that you may " be the better fqueezed- another Time. To come fo " quick, from one Extream to another is fuch an unna- *' turat Motion, that you ought to be on your Guard : *'* The other Day you were Sons of Belial, rtow you " are Angels of Light Popery is now the only "i Friend of Liberty, and the known Enemy of Per- " fecution. We have been under foamefuf Miftakes- " if this can be either true or lafting.''> ¦¦-"• ,The Letter goes on to infinuate, " that fome Mi- *.? nifters had been "bribed; into the Meafures: of the «c Court; that they were under Engagements, land' 'i impowered to giye; Rewards to. others, where they u could not- perfwade.. . Now. if thefe or others ifoould *' preach Chap. XI. of the P u & l^r a n s. 5^3 " preaeh up Anger and Vengeance against the Church King " of England, ought they not rather to be fufpefted Iames *r- " of Corruption, than to aft according to Judgment; f^Jl. " — — If they who thank the "King for his Declara- ^*^ ** tion fhoulci be engaged to juftify it in Point of "" LaW," I am perfuaded 'tis more than the Addreffers " are capable of doing - There is a great Diffe- " rence between enjoying quietly the Advantage of an " Aft irregularly done by others, and becoming Ad- " voeates for it ; 'but Frailties are to be excufed — - ^ Take Warning by the Miftake of the Church of Eng- « land, when after the Reftoration they prejerved Jo *« long the bitter Tafte oj your rough Ufage to them, *«- that it made them forget their Intereft and Jacrijice " it to- their Revenge If you had mow to do with " -rigid Prelates the Argument might be fair on your " Side, but fince -the common Danger has fo laid " iopen the Miftake, that all former H aught inefis to- *« wards the Diffenters is for ever extinguifoed, and " the Spirit of Perfecution is turned into a Spirit "of Peace, Charity, and Condefcenfion, will you " not be moved by fuch an Example ? — — If it '«' be faid the Church is only humble when 'tis out " of Power; the Anfwer is, that is uncharita- , " < ble, and an unfeafohable Triumph ; befides, it "is not fo in faft, for if foe would comply with " the Court, foe could turn all the Thunder Upon " your felves, and blow you off the Stage with " a Breath ; but foe will not be refeued by fuch " unjuftifiable Means- You have formerly very " juftly blamed the Church of England for going too- "~> far in her Compliance with the Court ; Conclude " therefore that you rmuft" break ; off your Friendfhip, " or fet no Bounds to it ¦ The Church is now " convinced of its Error, in being too fevere- to' you j " the next Parliament will be gentle to you ; the " next Heir is bred in a Country famous for Indul- '< gence; there is a general Agreement of thinking " Men, that we muft no more cut our felves off from ** foreign 574 T^HI S TO RY Vbl.IV. King « foreign Proteftants, but erilarge our Foundations $ James II. « fo j.^ aj] Things confpire to give you Eafe and \S*J!s*, " Satisfaftion if you do not too much anticipate it. ' To conclude, the fhort Queftion is, Whether or no you will join with thofe who muft in the End run the feme Fate with you ? If the' Proteftants of all Sorts have been to blame in their Behaviour to each other, they are upon equal Terms, and for that very Reafon ought now to be reconciled " How juft fo ever the Reaforiibg of this Letter may be, either the Author did not know the Spirit of the Church Party (as they were called) or he muft blufo when he compares it with the Fafts that followed the Revolu tion. Twenty thoufand Copies were difperfed about the City and Country, and had a very good Effect, for the Honefl Well-meaning Diffenters made no Ad vantage of the favourable Juncture ; they enter'd into no Alliances with the Papifts, nor complied with Court Meafures," any further than they favoured the Caufe of that Religious Liberty, which they had a natural Right to, and which the Church Party ought never to have taken from them. Meafures The War between the King and the Church being *f the: now open, each Party prepared for their Defence ; the obtain a le^omts in debate were, A General Toleration, galTokra-and the Disp e nsi ng Powe r ; the latter of which the tion. High Church Party had connived at in the late Reign ; but when the Edge of it was turned againft themfelves* (the King having made ufe of it to break down the Fences of the Church, by abrogating the Penal Laws and Tefts, and making an Inroad upon the two. Univer-> Jities) they cried out againft it as fubverting the whole Conftitution ; and forgetting their late Addreffes con torted this Branch of the Prerogative. The King had got the Opinion of the Judges for the Legality of it, but this not giving Satisfaction, he determined to ob-- tain a Parliamentary Sanftion. For this Purpofe he N* 2302. publifhed the following" Order in the Gazette, "that ", whereas his Majefty was refolved to ufe his utmoft " En- ChapAJ£I. of ^-Puritans. , 575 ".^EndeaKOijrs, that his Deelaratisn ,4>f{ Indulgence King "f might pafe into a Law, he therefore thought fit to J*™" IJ> <> review. the Lifts of Deputy-Lfeutenants, rand Jnfti-xJ^J «£ ces of Peagg in tlie feveral Counties, that thofe may^^^ -^ be continued who would be ready to, contribute what V in thqm> lies towards the Accomplishment of fo <'.' good and neceffary a Work, and fuch others, ,add- " ed to them,, from whom h, is, Majefty may reafoq- " ably expeft the like Concurrence and Affiftance." According to this Refolution |her King's firft Parfiar The Khtg- men£ was. diffolved, and Agents were employed ,to£oes a. difpofe the People to the Choice of fuch new Mt$a-.ProgJefi' bers as might facilitate the Affair. The. King him- felf went a Progress round the Country to ingratiate himfelf with the People ; and if. can hardly be expref- "fed (fays Eachard) with what joyful Acclamations his Majefty was received, and what loyal Acknow ledgments, were paid him in all, Places ; but in the Affair of the Tests, ( fays Burnet) there was a vifiblep. 717- Cokfoefs among the Nobility and Gentry, tho' the King behaved in a moft obliging Manner. When the King returned from his Progrefe he be- Changes _ gan to change the Magiftracy in the feveral Corpora- ^f-^P" tions in England, according to the Powers referved Wcortorati. tjie Crown, in the new Charters ; he turned out feveral ons, ,pr£"die Aldermen of the City of London, and placed new ones in their Ropm. He caufed the Lifts of Lord Lieutenants, and Deputy-Lieutenants, to be re- yiewed, and fuch as would not promife to employ their Interefts in the Repeal of the Penal LaWs were difcarded. Many Proteftant Diffenters were put into Commiffion on this Occafion, in hopes that they would procure fuch Mtembers for the next Parliament as foould give them a legal Right, to what they now enjpy'd only by, the Royal Favour ; but when the Kino- preffed it upon the Lord Mayor of London, and the new Aldermen, who, were chiefly Diffenters, they ftood at a Diftance, and made no Reply. V The 576 The H IS TO R Y Vol. IV. King The Reafon of the Diftenters Coldncfs in an Af- James H-fair that fo nearly concerned them, and for which >f^J^J they have fince expreffed fo ftrong a Defire, Was Reafons of &o other than their Concern for the Proteftant Re- theDif- Iigion, and their Averfion; to Popery. The King fenters not ¦ fores ; if he had proceeded by flow Degrees, and, fecured r^fftd oneCpriqueft before he had ventur'd on another, he might Meafures ¦ have fucceeded, but he gave himfelf up to the Fury of Jh Jdwiee his PrieJls, who advlfed him to , make hafte with what °f his he intended. This was difcovered by a Letter from'P"e-/?'f"- ' the Jejuits at Liege to thpfe of Friburgh, which fays, the King wifhed they could, fornifo him. with more Priefts to affift him in .the Conversion of the Na tion, which his Majefty was refolved to bring about, or die a, Martyr in the Attempt. He faid, He mufi Burnet," . .make hafte that he might accomplijh it in his Life-time ; P- 71 »x .^nd when one of diem, was lamenting that his next7'2' Heir was an Heretick, he anfwered, God will provide ,an Heir ; which argued, either a ftrong Faith, or a formed Defign of impofing One on the Nation. Fa ther Petre was the King's chief Minifter, and one of his Majefty's Privy Council,, a bold and forward Man,, who pufhed at every Thing that might ruin the Church. The King defigned him for the Archbifoop- ~ rick of Tork, now vacant, and for a Cardinal's Cap,lh. p.733; if he -could make Interest with the Pope ; for this Pur pofe the Earl of Cafilemain was fent Ambaffador to Rome ; and a Nuncio was fent from thence into Eng land, to whom. his Majefty paid all poffible Refpeft, rand, gave Audience at Win,djor tho' it was contrary to Law ; for all Commerce with the Court of Rome was .declared High Treafon by the Statute of King Henry VIII. but the King faid he was above Law; and becaufe the Duke of Somerjet would not venture to iOfficiate in his Place at the Ceremony he was difmiffed from all. his Employments,, Vol IV- Pp 'It 578 The HISTORY VoT.lV. King It was a fatal Error iri' King James to plif a Sliglit James II. fa the ^n(ijerjt Nbbilityfarid1 turn moft of his Servants \^ryf^ out ' of their Places becaufe they were Proteftants : Bifhop This weakened his Interest, -and 'threw the Men of In- Parkei; fluence into the Hands of the. Church. It was impdfli- ' 5f°rb\e to difguife his Majefty's Deflgri.pf introducing Po- ivrites } te ourt. p£ry. Up0n ^ Eftablifhment any longer, J therefore p.U74o'; Pafker Bifoop of Oxjord Was employed to juftify it, who publifhed & Book, entituled, Reajons for Abro gating' the Tefi impojcd cm all Members oj Parliament ; which cbuld have' rfo Other Reference, but to the 're nouncing Tranjubjt ant ration, and the Idolatry vfilhe Church o/Rofrie ; 'for the Merribefs of Parliafrreht likd no other Qualification impofed upon them befides the 'Oaths' 6f Allegiance and Supremacy. . The Bifhop faid much to excufe the Doftrine of Trapfobstantiationv-and to free the CririrHi of Rome from the Change of Idola try. The Book was licenfed by the Earl of Sunder land, and the Stationer was commanded 'Hxot to print any Anfwer tb it1; but Dr. Burnet, thert iri' Hdlldnd, gave it a very fmart and fetyrical Reply, which quite ruined the Bifoop's Reputation. Prote- Biit his Majefty's chief Dependance Was upon his fants dif- Army, which he was cafting into a Popifh Mould ; ^RCCa?hol Proteftant Officers were turned out -, Portfimouth and put into Hull, the two principal Sea-Ports of England, Were their Pl'a- in Popifh Hands ; and the Majority of the Ga'rrifons -ees. Were of the fame Religion. Ireland was1 an ihexhauft- able Seminary, from whence England was to: be sup plied with a Catholick Army ; an IriJhP Roman Ca tholick (feys Welwood) was a moft welcome Guest at Whitehall -, arid they cafne over in fhoals. Over'lind above corifpleat Regiments of Papifts there was1 fcirce a TroOp Of Company iri the Army whereiri fome of that Religion was not placed, by exprefs Orders ftom Court. Upon the Whole, the Affairs of the Nation were alrnoft at a Crifis; atid it was believed,- that what the King "'could not accomplifh by the gentler Methods of Intereft and " Perfuafion he would ettablifo by his • " Sove- Chap.XI. of the P uri tan s. £79 Sovereign Rower. The, Army ,at, Blackheath ( was to ,-&*? awe the City anq Parliament; and if they 'proved James IL Refraftory, , .an Irifh. Maffacre, or fome 'pfoer defpe- J^J rate Attempt, might poffibly decide the Fate of the^^ ., Nation. About this Time died the Rev. Mr. David Clarkfion, Death, Br D- born, at Bradjord in Yorkfldre, Feb. 1 62 1-2, °fMr- and Fellow of Clare Ball, Cambridge, , where he wasClarkfon' Tutor tp Dr. Tillotjon, afterwards Archbifhop of Can terbury. Dr. Bates ip lils Funeral , Sermon gives him the Character of a Man of fincere; Godlinefs and true .Holinefs; Humility and Modefty were his diftinftive ;, .Charafters; and his Learning was fuperior to moft of his Time, as appears by his Treat ije oj Liturgies, , his primitive, Epifcopacy, his praclical Divinity cf Papifts defiruclive to. Men's Squls ; and his Volume of Sterpions, printed after his peath. pie was fome Time Minifter of Mart lack in Surrey, but after his Ejectment he gave himfelf up ,to Reading and Meditations, foifting from one Place of Obfeurity to another till the Times fuffered ?hirp, to come into Light; he was then chofen Succeifor to the Reverend Dr. John Owen, in. the Pa- ftoral Office to Jus, Congregation. Mr. 'Baxter fays, He was a Divine of extraordinary Worth for folid u Judgment, of healing, moderate Principles, of great ,>A<\ Acquaintance with the Fathers, of great Minifterial Abilities, and of a godly, upright Life. Great was ;ihis Solemnity and Reverence in Prayer ; and the Me thod; of fiis, Sqrmpns, w,as clear, deep and inftruftive. His Death was unexpected, but (as he declared) it was no ^urprize to him, for he was entirely refigned to the Will of God, and defired to live no longer than , to,- be ferviceable. This good Man (fays Dr.. Bates) like holy Simeon, had Chrift in his Arms, and departed in ,, Peace, to fee the Salvation of God above, in the Sixty ,.,fixth Year of his Age. Ixrfw Dr. Thomas J acomh was born in Leicefterjhire, and Of Dr: " - educated firft inMagdalenHqll, Oxon, and after in Ema- Jacomb. ,,,,! twtl College, Cambridge, from, whence he removed to ' ,„ - P P 2 Tri- 580 The HI ST O R Y VolJV. King Trinity College, of which he was Fellow. He' came to James II- London in 1647. and was foon after Minifter of Lud- s^rdl^, gate Parifo, where he continued till he was turned out in 1662. He met with fome Trouble after his Eject ment, but being received into the Family of the Co,un- tejs Dowager , of Exeter, Daughter of the Earl of Bridgwater, he was covered from his Enemies. This honourable, and virtuous Lady was a Comfort and Sup port to the Non-Conformift Minifters throughout the Reign of King Charles 11., Her Refpefts to the Do ftor were peculiar, and her Favours extraordinary, for which he made the beft Returns he was able., The Doclor- was a learned Man, a folid Divine,- -a ferious and affectionate Preacher, of unfpotted Morals, and a Non-Conformift upon rrioderate Principles. He died of a. cancerous Humour, that put him to the moft acute Pain, which he bore with invincible Patience and Re- fignation till the 27th of March, 1687. when. He died in the Counrefs of Exeter's Houfe, in the. Sixty fixth -Year of his Age. Of Mr. Mr. John Collins was educated in Cambridge JVra> Collins.. .Engian^ Dut returning from thence in the Times of the ¦ ¦ • , Civil War, became a celebrated Preacher in London, ha ving a fweet Voice, and a moft affectionate Manner in the Pulpit. He was Chaplain to,General Monk when he marched out of Scotland into England, but was not an Incumbent any where when the Aft of Uniformity took Place. , Being of the Independant Denomination he fucceeded Mr. -Mallory as Paftor of a very confi derable Congregation of that Perfuafion, and, was one of the Merchants Lecturers at Pinners Hall. He was a Man mighty in the Scriptures ; of an excellent natu ral Temper -, very charitable to all good Mert without regard to Parties ; and died univerfally lamented, De cember 3. 1687. CHAP. Chap.XH. of the Puritans. 581 CHAP. XII. From King James"* Declaration for Liberty of Confeience, to the Aff of Toleration in the Reign of King William and Queen Mary. " THO' the Projects of the Rdman Catholicks were King ripe for Execution there1 was one Circumftance James II. which fpread a black Cloud over all their Attempts, l688- which was the near Profpeft of a Proteftant Succejfor to v^v*,*/ the Crown : This was the Life of the Proteftant Caufe, and the Terror of the Papifts: To remove this .Difficulty his Majefty firft attempted to convert his eldeft Daughter Mary, Princefs of Orange, to the Roman Catholick Re ligion j or at leaft to confent to the making way for it, by taking off the Penal Laws. To accomplifo this, his Mi- King at- jefty writ an obliging Letter to his Daughter, reciting tempts to the Motives of his own Converfion \ which were, the ca?™r.tht " great Devotion oj the Church o/Rome ; the Adorn- Orange to " ing their Churches1, their Acds oj Charity, whichp0pery. '? were greater than the Proteftants could boaft oj -, the Burnet, " Numbers who retired jrom the World, and devoted?- 72G» *' themfelves to a Religious Lifie. He was convinced 7ZI- ** that Chrift had left an Infallibility jn the Church, *c which the Apoftles acknowledged to be in St. Peter, *' Adtsxv. It was the Authority of the Church (fays " he) that declared the Scriptures to be Canonical ; " and certainly, they who declared them could only " interpret them, and Where-ever this Injallibility '* was, there muft be a clear Succeffion, which could " be no where but in the Church of Rome, the Church " of England not pretending to Injallibility, tho' " foe afted as if foe did, by perfecting thofe who «' differed from her, as well Proteftant Diffenters as *c Papifts ; but he could fee no Reafon why Diffenters " might not feparate from the Church of England, as *' well as the Church of England had done from that «' of Rome — " P p 3 The cc : :':\ ..jj 'ii cc ,'.. King « Laws., wfiich tended only tofecure the Proteftant1 Jamef 'IL" Religion, fuch as the. Tefts, becaufe they imported V^v"v/ " no. more, than a Deprivation from publick Employ- 1 "^ " ments, which could do them, no great Harm. If " the Number of the Papifts was inconsiderable, it " was not. reafonable to infill upon it; and if thofe " few that pretended to publick Employments would " do their Party fo much Injury as not to be content. " with, the. Repeal of the Penal Laws, unlefs they d- " could, get into Offices of Truft, their Ambition on-" Burnet, " ly was to be blamed .—— " This Letter was carried".1 J P- 733- by Mr. Steward to therKing, and read in the Cabinet r1" Council,, fivit it had no Effeft, only the King ordered Mr. Steward to write back, that he would have all or . nothing. However, the Church Party were fatisfied : with tfie. Prince's Refolution to maintain the Tefts; , \ the Proteftant Diffenters were pleafed with their High- iieffes Declaration for the Repeal of the, Penal Laws Jo far as 'concerned, themfelves, and they placed an entire Confidence in their Word. The Lay-Papifis and Secu lars preffedthe Kingto accept of the Repeal of fo much of the Penal Laws as was offered,- and; blamed the Ambition of the Jefuits and Courtiers about the King, who would leave them expofed to the. Severity of the Law when a Freedom was offered, but his Majefty being governed by the furious Ecctefiafticks would1 abate nothing. At length the Penjionary's. Letter wds printed by Allowance of the Prince, and fent all over England, which provoked the King to that degree,, that he fpoke indecently of his Highnefs to "all the fo reign Minifters, and refolved to put the fevereft Markst- ¦ of his Difpleafure upon him. hf,d The Quten The firft Projeft of gainjrig over the Prince having d<-ctarefht0\di\ed, his Majefty went upon another, which, "if it Child! obtained, muft effeftually fet afide the Proteftant Suc ceffion; and that was, providing the Nation;switb an c Heir oj his own Body by the, prejent ffueen, though for many Years foe had, been reckoned incapable of > having Children. This was firft whifper'd-among the Courti- Chap.XII. ef/^PuRffANs; 585 Courtiers, but was foon after confirmed fay Pfbclamati- . King on in the Gazette of 'J 'an. 2d. and 26th". 1687-8. in^mes n; Words to this Effeft, « That it had pleated Almighty fJ^Sit " God to. give his Majefty apparent Hopes, and good Gazette, " Affurance of having Iffue by his Royal Contort theN0 2309, " Queen, who, through God's great Goodnefs, WaV2^6- *' now with Child;" wherefore his Majefty appoints, that on the 15th of January in the Cities of London and Weftminfter ; and on the 29th in all other places in England; and on the 29th of January and 19th of February in all Places in Scotland, publick Thankf- giving and folemn Prayer be offered up to God on this Occafion, and a Form of Prayer was drawn up accordingly by the Bifhops of Durham, Rochefter, and Peterborough ; in which were thefe Expreffions, "Blef-^ pullut " fed be that good Providence that has vouchfafed us Form of " frefh Hopes of Royal Iffue by our gracious Queeri-p'vy*r./°r " Mary; ftrengthen her, we befeech thee, and per- -ef a~ " feet what thou haft begun. Command thy ho-^alamy> " ly Angels to watch over her continually, and de-p.^Sz. " fend her from all Dangers and evil Accidents, that " what foe hath conceived may be happily brought " forth, to the Joy of our Sovereign Lord the King^ " the further Eftablifhment of his Crown, the Hap- " pinefs and Welfare of the whole Kingdom, and the " Glory of thy great Name, '&V." This struck all the Proteftant Part of the Nation with Conflernation, except, a 'few Ranting Tories, whofe Religion was at the Service !of the King, whenfoever he fhould call for it. The Conception was looked upon by the Je fuits as miraculous, and as the Effeft of a Vow the Queen had made to the Lady of Loretto : They pro- phefied it would certainly ''be a Prince; but the Pror teftarits1 fighed in fecret, and fufpefted a Fraud ; the Grounds of which the Historians Of thefe Times have related at large. The King, emboldett'd with the Profpeft of a Po piJh Succejjor, instead of venturing.1 firft upon a Par liament, ^publifhed another Declaration for Liberty of Con-; The. HLSTO R Yu r" VolIV, King Qt0^^ey. April 27. ia higher. Strains,, and, more Iame| ^-.^^gwusatQ,. the . Papifts , than -the former ; the ^s^l^^ftfl^ -.-ft Mdw '/ bill io puayT -pib gnibnsmatOD. lb bn£ fEJnflfn '* a'tfsvi J A Mts: 'Rex, . - ", . u io.^rih'tq.nl^^ .b'tibW ¦*. A fecond *¦' /~\U R Conduct his bcjgn fuch in V&JLTf *&$?'¦ m Dedara « \^J ought to have persuaded the Wj>r|d, that, we T'lfTof" are ftrm ^d' conftant to our Resolutions; yet that Confidence. " e^fy People may not be abufed by the Malfoq of Gazette, " crafty wicked Men, we think fit to declare^'-dial Np 2342. " our Intentions are not changed fince the :4$h-, of " April,. 1687. when we iffued our Declarafio^P.fox *' Liberty ofi Confidence in the following Terms" [fiere the Declaration is recited at large, and then it follows] v " Ever fince we 1. granted the Indulgence we have >. :v li made it our Care to fee it preferved without Di* " ftinftion, as we are encouraged to do daily by Mul» l<: titudes of Addreffes, and many other Afiurances '*' we receive from our Subjefts of all Psrfoaiioi^ as '...,:, ".. Teftimonies of their Satisfjj)$ion and Duty; the.fif. **¦ feftsrof which we doubt rnot but the next Parjia* *' ment will foew, and that it will not be in v^-in that '* we have refolved tooufe our utmost Endeavours to *' eftablifo Liberty of Confeience on fuch juft and ft equal Foundations as will render it unalterable, and ** fecure to all People the free Exercife of their Reli- " gion for ever, by which future Ages may reap the " Benefit of what is fo undpj*&t#ply f°r the general *' Good of the whole KingdbjfSaD. ferifcfe.ch a Security " we defire without the, B^rthenr/i^l'iCpnftraint of *1.. Oaths and Tefts, which have unhappily |beeii rnade ' *' by fome Governments but could never fupport any. , " Nor could Men be^^,ya(oce4.-l^.iuffe/M^P%!to-jOf- f*' ficesand Employments; wihkh oughttof^fefehj Re^ *' ward of Services, Fidelity and'J5^t63r{^^inuft x " conclude, that not only good Chriftjf^wj^f foiii in f this, but whoever is concerned for thqjl^eakh" and "d Power of the Nation.; It would, perhaps, preju- " dice fome of our Neighbours, who mig^lofopart d pf Cha'r>.XII. of the Puritan's. 587 of thofe vast Advantages they now enjoy, -if Liber- King ' ty of Confeience were fettled in thefe Kingdoms, ^"^og^ which are above all others moft capable of Improve- ^-^d^ ments, and of commanding the Trade of the World. In pursuance of this great Work we have * been forced to make many Changes both of Civil and Military Officers throughout our Dominions, not ** thinking any ought to be employed in our Service 44 who will not contribute towards the Eftablifoing the " !Peace and Greatnefs of their Country, which we " moft earnestly defire, as unbiafied Men may fee by " the whole Conduft of our Government, and by the " Condition of our Fleet and of our Armies, which " with good Management fliall conftantiy be the fame M and greater, if the Safety or Honour of the Nation " require it. We recommend thefe Considerations to " all our Subjefts, and that they Will reflect on their " Eafe and Happinefs, now that above three Years it " has pleafed God to permit us to reign over thefe " Kingdoms, we have not appeared to be that Prince " our Enemies would make the World afraid of;: our " chief Aim having been not to be the Oppreffor, " but Father of Our People, of which we can give no *' better Evidence than by conjuring them to lay " afide private Animofities, as well as groundlefs -Jea- " loufies, and to choofe foch Members of Parliament ¦" as may do their Parts, to finifh what we have be- " gun, for the Advantage of the Monarchy over " which Almighty God has placed us, being refolved *' to1 call" a Parliament that fhall meet in November " nexf&t fartheft." Thiff^ Declaration was publifhed in the ufual Manner, Appointed and ordered to be read in Time: of Divine Service '^tofeJfiad all Churches and Chapels in and about London, Mayl^fvrcheu 2daP:and"27th; and in all the reft of England andGazette> Wales on the 3d and! 10th of June following, upon n<> 2344, Penalty of being profecuted in the Ecclefiaftical Com- 'friiffibn. Fortius Purpofe the Bifoops were required to ') ' - " caufe 588 The H 1ST O R Y Vol.IV, King caufe it to be diftributed throughout their refpeftive James II. p3iocefes / fome 0f them (fays Burnet) carried their ,Jr^, Compliance to a foamefol Pitch, offering' up their p. ,7,s. Allegianceto the-King without Limitation or Referve. With Df- Crew, Bifoop of Durham, Barlow of Lincoln, mdnchfome Cartwright of Chefter, Wood of Lichfield and Coven- Eilhots try-> rV alt ers- of St. David's, Sprat of Rochefter, and nts^/V Parker of Oxfiord, went all the Lengths of the Court, and fet forward Addreffes of Thanks to his 'Majefty iri the moft exalted Language, for the Promife he had made in his late Declaration, to maintain the Church oj c England as by Law efiablifiied ; tho' it was evident I\;a'Z3 j, enough he- defigned to fubvert it. An Addrefs Carrie from the Clergy of Chefter, justifying the Declaration, as issuing from the Prerogative of the King's Suprema cy, and infifting, that thfegrlergy were obliged by what js called Statute Law, Me Rubrick ofi their Liberty, to publifh what was required by the King, Or their Bifhop, and therefore they were troubled to hearof 'the Difobedience of fome of that Bench;" who tho' they tenderly promifed the Diffenters fomething, yet refu fed to do their Part about the Declaration, left they foould. be Parties, to it; which Reafon We with due Modefty efteem insufficient. Herbert Bifliop of Here ford publifhed his Reafons for reading the Declaration, Jrom that' Paffage of Scripture, " Submit 'ybidrf elves to "¦ -every 'Ordinance- of Man jor the Lord's' fake, iflhe- . " ther it be to: the King as Suprcam, 8cc. Now the *' King commanding it to be read without requiring *' our Affent, Confent; or Allowance, r^Ctin't fee " (fays the Bifhop) how it can be refufed)—! if it be " laid this is to admit of a difpenfing Power, -yet it is " riot contrary to the Word of God. If the King " fiiould aver his Difpenfing Power to. be inherent in " the Crown, and will ufe it as he pleafes, I fhould " , befeech him not to exert it in fo high v a Mariner ; " but after this, what have Bifhops to db but fubmit, " fince here, is no- Doftrine affirmed, ' but only a'De- <*- clar.stion of Matter of Faft." But Chap.XII. op the Pu ri tans. 589 But the Majority of the Clergy were of different Khig Sentiments ; eighteen Bifhops, and the > chief of their Jatnes &- Clergy, refufed to publifh the Declaration, fo.that it^J^^j was. read (fays Burnet) but fn fevert Churches in Lon- Different ± don ; and in about two hundred all over ..England. Behaviour The Comrniffwners jor Ecclefiaftical Affairs fent out1^ others. Citations by the King's Order, requiring the Chan- ^e'w'. . cellors and Archdeacons to fend in Lifts of all who e ir' had obeyed, and of thofe who had not obeyed the Gazette, Order of Council;, together .with the Places where itNf 2364. had been neglefted. But moft of the Bifhops difobeyed, and generoufly undertook to ftand in the Gap, and fcreen the inferior Clergy from Profecution: Seven of them met at Lambeth, and after Confultation figned an Ad drefs in behalf of themfelves, and feveral of their ab- fent Brethren, fetting forth, " that they were not f heir " averfe to the Publifhing his Majefty's Declaration Addrefs. " for want °f Duty to his Majefty, or due Tendernefs Bu"1^« 'Vf towards Diffenters, in relation to whom (fay they) P" 3 ' *' we are willing to come to fuch a Temper as foall " be thought fit5i when the Matter comes to be con- " fidered and fettled in Parliament ; but the Declara- " ftion being founded on fuch a Difpenfing Power as " may at, prefent fet afide all Laws Ecclefiaftical and " Civil, appears to us illegal, and did fo to the Par^ " liament in the Year 1672. and it is a Pbint of fuch " great Confequence, that we cannot make our felves " Parties to it, fo far as the Reading of it in the , " Church in X^me P1" Divine Service will amount to, " and diftributing it all over the Kingdom." Signed by Sancrojt Archbifoop of Canterbury, Lloyde Bifoop of $t. AJaph, Kenn of Bath and Wells, Turner of Ely, Lake of Chichefter, White of Peterborough, and Tre- lawny of Briftol. The King was startled at the Addrefs, and anfwer- King's ed in a very angry Tone '; ," I have heard oj this be- differ. " fore but did not believe it ; I did not expecl this firom " . the Church of England, efipecially jrom Jome oj you -, " if, I change my Mind you foall hear jrom me, ij not d ' "7 5$o .z TherttlST ORY .IF Vol. IV. ,K3ng ^d.'IfixpiB my Commands jhall be obeyed."^ And add- *^anfi«s ec^ that they fhould be made to feel what it was to difi- J^ obey Mm. The fix Bifhops who brought the Addrefs replied, i The Will ofi God be. done, yoo > -?x ario tie rf. " Remark, -j But the Reader will judge, whether the flavifo Do ftrine of Non-Refiifiance and unlimitted Obedience which the /7/gi> Church Party had been preaching up for -iabove twenty Years, as the Doftrine of the Church of zrMngland, had not broughr the King into thefe Diffi culties which loft him his Crown ? A Doftrine deflru- •Pe~tive of the Laws of Society, and which bafc done more Mifchief to crowned Heads than it will ever do Ser vice. If the King had not relied on the flattering Ad- '¦ dreffes of thefe Men, under which it feems there was a * ^Referve, he would- have ftopt fhort, and took other e! Meafures ; but he did not perceive the Mine till it was - fprung, and blew up his whole Government at once. This was the Crifis upon which the Fate of the Nation was to depend. au/Q :.b ni. u ol ^n.-pfiBJL Lrih.-nu. Scven of While the Kiftgwasconfoldng whatto do with the *t!7hltnt B'fh°Ps he was for fome Time in great Perplexity ; Tower. "l feveral of the Popifo Nobility preffed him to retreat, J and let the Matter fall ; but at length, by Advice of - Father Petre, Mr. Lob, and fome others, he ordered " the Bifliops to be profecuted ; and they refufing to en 's ter into Bonds for their Appearance at the King's Bench on account of their Peerage, were fent to the Tower by :i Water, June 8. but- were difcharged Within a Week, upon entering into Bonds for fmall Sums, io anfwer to the" Injormation that Day Fortnight. On the ,29th of June they were brought to die King's Bench Bar, in 1 Weftminfter Hall, attended by feveral of the Nobility, and a vast Croud of common People ; and after a long ..But ac- Trial of ten Hours they were acquitted : Upon which 'ftmttef-'- there was a general Joy, arid foch loud Shouts, as ..-,., :" were heard not only in the City, but. even in the Army i\«tfii;Gb: on Blackheath. 10 inn-*!-.. vUk^kA* srlT .EiaMbfliQ; The Bifoops Addrefs wasr printed By Authority, " with a fatyrical- ¦ Paraphrafe, fetting forth, that tho' i the 'Chap .XII. bf the P u kM tA m s. 59,1 the Bifoops'1 had, without any Bowels of Tendernefs, Kh,g -exercifed many inhuman Cruelties upon the, Diffenters, James- II. -they promife now to come to a Temper, but it is only l68jL, fuch an one as they themfelves fhould fettle in Convo- '^^^ -c'ation ; and tho' they had all along vigoroufly endea- .i ... u\ voured to advance abPve all Law that arbitrary Power Upon which they fuppofe his Majefty's Declaration was founded, when it COuld be strained to the Oppref- fton of Diffenters, yet now they oppofe it, arid are desirous in this Juncture (as in the Year 1672.) that the Laws for Perfecution fhould retain their Force, and 'tte Difipenfing. Power not be countenanced, tho' de figned for a general Good. h&A ^ d\A nt\t i I. .sot/ c 2f But this was too late, the Contrdverfy 'between the They court "("King and the Church was not now to be decided by tbe DffiH~ <- the Pen; and it was apparent beyond Contradiction, ters' " Ojweftry in Shropfhire,y he fent for Mr. James Owen the , Diffenting Minifter, and ventur'd to ac- & quaint him with the Secret, of the Prince of Orange's v Invitation by fome great Perfons, together with him felf; and added, He hoped Jhe Proteftant Diffenters Cal. cont. ¦ would concur in promoting th common Intereft, for You in Pref- to and We are Brethren (fays he) ; we have indeed .been m angry Brethren, but we have fieen our Folly, and are •X refolved, if ever we have it in our Popper, tofihew that W-pe will treat you as Brethren. » io mm d) -n^v T. bnn rbirf EvenT Archbifhop Sancroft, in the circular Letter Archlp. u which he fent to the Clergy cf his Province, exhorted Sancroft'f "them to cultivate a good Correfpondence with the'fj^ Diffenters. The eleventh Article of his Letter, dated-CalamyV ¦ ^uly 'i 6. \has thefe Words, " That they {viz. theAbridg. 'o(i«:Gkrgy) fiiould walk in Wifdom towards them whop. 385. 'Ml 1 " are 592 Thei Hi STORY Vol. IV. King " are not of our Communion ; and if there be in their James 11-,^-Parifoes any fuch, -that *. they neglect not frequently Wv>L/ *'-ta ebnverfe with; them in therSpirit ofMeeknefs, "- feeking by. all' goodvWays and Means to gain and "win them over to our Communion*; more efpecial- ." ly' that -they have, a tender Regard to our Brethren " the Proteftant Diffenters ;".' that upon, Occafion offer- .*! ed they vifit them at their Houfes, and: receive them ,*': kindly at/their- own, and treat 'diem fairly where- ". ever they meet. them, perfuading them (if it may "be), to. a fall Compliance with our Church; or at "leaft, that whereunto we have already: attained, we i" may .all walk by the- feme Rule, and mind the - ¦" fame Things; and inlorder thereunto,e. that they " take Opportunities of affuring and-, convincing sthfm, . « that the Bijhops oj this Church, arereslkpaffllyln- -..,«« cerely irreconcileable Enemies. to. the Errors, Suplr- " ftitions^ Idolatries, andrTyrannies. oj the JChunh oj " Rome; and that the very .unkind Jealousies which " fome have had of us to the contrary were (altogether " groundlefs. And in the laft Place, -that they warrh- " lyand affectionately join us in daily fervent Prayer " to the God of Peace, for an univerJalReffed-Unibn ": oj all rejormed -Churches at homeand abroad againft " our common Enemy — ^— " Such was the Language of the Church in diftrejs ! -. >¦*. v Other Af- Tt was often ' faid, That ij ever God Jhould>deliver furances. tfom;, 'out- of the prefent Diftrejs they would keep up Bumet, their .domeftick Quarrels no more ; which were fo vifi- p" 7I ..bhyy arid;yet artfully managed by our Adverfaries, as to Calamy, make us devour one anodier Again, " I do afiure p. 386. « iyou, and I am certain I have the beft Grounds in the *' World for .my Affurance. (fays one) that the Bifoops, " when die happy Opportunity fhall offer, it felf, will " let .the Proteftant DifTenrjerB findrthat they will -fee " better- than their Word given, in their famous Peti- Apol.fir -" tion.".: .Remarkable- are .the;. Words of another .Re> cf"trch °f verenctpivine- on th&dame Occafion; "the Bifhops Calniy,' " have under t^itHandsdecferedtkir'Dispofitionsto p. 426. - . - "' .'iconic Chap.XII. of the Pun tans. 593 " come to a Temper in Matters of Conformity, and King '* there feems to be no doubt of their Sincerity-r-If ever Janl"IL " God brings us into a fettled State out of dasSfiorms into ^^-^j " which our Eaffions and Folly, as well as the Treachery " of others, has led us, it cannot be imagined that the " Bifhops will go off from thofe, moderate Resolutions " which they have now declared ; and they continuing* " firm, the weak and indifcreet Paffions of any of the " inferior Clergy muft needs vanifh — And I will bold- " ly fey, that ij the Church ^England, after fihe has " got out of this Storm, will return to hearken to the " Peevijhntjs oj Jome Jower Men, floe will be abandon- " ed both oj God and Man, and will Jet Heaven and " Earth againft her. The Nation fees too clearly *' how dear the .Dispute about Conformity has coft us *c to ftand upon foch Punctilio's ; and thofe in whom *' our Deliverance is wrapt up judge too right, that " ever they will be Prieftridden in this Point And *' if any Argument was wanting to conclude the Cer- " tainty mf this Point, the wife and generous Behaviour " of the main Body of .the Diffenters in this prefent ** Jun&urehas .given them jo juft a Title to our Friend- '* Jhip, that we muft rejolve to jet all the World againft " us if we can ever forget it ; and if we do not make " them all the Returns ofi Eafe and Favour when it is " in our Power to do it." The. Reader has now feen the many and ftrong Af- Remarks'. furances of Favour, given by the Church Party in Diftrejs, to the Non-Conformifts, all which, in a few Months, vanifoed into Smoak. Neverthelefs I am Calamy; fully of Opinion, that the Low Church Clergy meant P" 384- honeftly, and defigned to be as good as their Word ; for which Purpofe a Scheme was propofed to review and inlarge the Liturgy by correcting fome Things, and adding others, and leaving fome few Ceremonies indifferent ; but there was another Party that lay be hind the Curtain, and meant no more by their Prote* ftations of Favour to the Diffenters, than to get them felves out of Trouble ; they had a Referve under their Vol. IV. Q,q flatter* 594 % .H, P^IQR Y ,| j YpWVj a:/^ flattering Pxomifes, and as they- renounced, jhe^Do- james II. ftrineof TVw'-ic^^^.to.fervetheirown Tu"?iv,;when ^^88- that was done they retreated,- and wopkij^a-vp become ^"""as cruel Perfecutors as, before-; they,, were. Enemies, to the Revolutipp ; and when, the,, Prince of Orange, had done their "Work they.would have font bam back, from whence". he came,;, ,thefe Vvrere afterwards diftinguifaed by. the Names of Non J,uwrsr,,.Jacgbites,u&nd,--. ir"- "•'"¦' Suffered '* While the Bifoops were in -the To.wer, a^dthePrinv Birth of cefs Anmfot\th&Bath, the Queen was faid, to,; be deli- tbe Pr. °/vered of a Prince on Sunday, i June i o. ^efw'eenjthe -Hours. of .nine and/ten infhe-Morrung. .The^Affair was condufted with great, Imprudence ;, no C^sq had been taken to fatisfy the Proteftant ,T 4ip, from all Partsitofethe Kingdom. .,-,4— v.-. : .: -,*nM,. •£>-- Bifoop Chap. XII. of the P u *. i ta-n s. 595 Bifhop i?«m#, Mr. Eachard, and others, have *% examined into' the Legitimacy of this Birth with all James IL poffible Exaftnefs, but have left the Matter under J^h^ great Uncertainties. Some have pronounced it fop- ** pofititious, arid no better than the laft defperate Effort Of the Popifh Party to perpetuate their Religion. Others, who credited the Birth, have given very plau- fible Reafons to believe, that the prefent Pretender was mot the Queeri's Child, but another's clandeftinely introduced Into its' Place. Bifhop Burnet is of Opi nion, that the Proofs of its Legitimacy were defe ctive. However, all the Hopes of a Proteftant Suc- ceffpr feemed now to be at an -End, arid the Joys of the Papifts to be confummate ; the Englift) Reformation Was expiring, and nothing fhort of a total Subversion of Government in Church and State to be expefted. The Princefs of Orange being thus cut off from the Prince of Succeffion, his Highnejs gave greater Attention to the°ranSe'J Advices he received from England of the Queen's ha-f.xfed'' ving mificarried fiome Months be jor e, and that therefore the prefent Child muft be Suppofititious. The Church Party having abandoned their Doftrine of Non-Refi- ftance fled with others to the Prince of Orange as their i-aft Refuge, and prayed him to come over to their Refcue ; with this View Admiral Ruffel, and feveral other great Perfons, repaired to the Hague on other plaufible Pretences, but in reality to invite the Prince, and confer with him about an Expedition to England, who received them favourably, and difcovered a good Difpofition to efpoufe their Caufe, confidering that his o\vn Right to the Crown was now loft, and that if Po- pefy was eftablifhed in England, Holland, and the Whole Reformed Intereft, muft be expofed to the ut moft Hazard. Little Perfuafion was wanting to pre vail with- the States General to affift the Englijh Prote ftants f' but all the Difficulty was to keep it fecret, While they were preparing' for fo hazardous an Under taking. The States made ufe of the Differences about the Eleftion of an Archbifoop of Cologn as a Reafon Q_q 2 to in nis Hanj^.iec^mieir TOoer mis tover- to prepare alljNeoeffftfiesTpr ^ infon|sdntoWari^t%,liwhile Mr. Zuylefiem brought h^'Jfrom^Tirngd Tfohe]tHe iag, which, fu%: fixed him .in his Pfirbdfe.^30'1131 Of which ^$ But. the., French Ambaifadpr^^a 1^&Hrai;Eye the King ^ upon the Motions of the'PTriric|e'of fOr\inge, and gave Zf"%^time\y Notice" of the extraprdind^r" preparations fpr %ih^nd War that were making in^fjan^o%is Mafter Lewis r/s« Hague. XIV. from whom King^^V^napr the firft Intelfi- Bumet, -gence, Mr. Skelton, the Kihg*s~E7rrvo^kt Paris, alfo P-,76^-, writ five or fix Letters to Court, oh^he fame Head, ?. -^ o^^itfoKing James gave little Ftecsti to Iris1 At! vices, be- ^ caufe' the Prince of Orange carried it iriVfriolt dutiful ...and refpeftful Manner, complimenting his Majefty "on , the Birth of the Prince of Wales, and Pausing his Name •cjffjbe added to the reft of the, Princes ^Ftfae Royal Fa mily to. be prayed for indiis Chapel.5 uHo\Vever, the i-ipBg of France continued to alarm the Court of Eng- sfiandfiiixh the intendedVlnVafipn, and offered to fend is over fifteen thoufandyMen7\ors as many more as foould be wanted to his Affiftagcejt/oul the Earl of Sunder- ".!?£- it fhould"' blacken his Memory, ancT^onWm the SvS^i- cions of the Proteftants, that tfj^efigfifefl the Over throw of their Religion and Litferti&ff* W » His Maje-'- ¦-.-, The King being at length perfuadetl of the Prince ffs Pro- of Orange's Defigns, ordered the Fleef'to be fitted out, ceedings anj tfe Army to De augmented ; and difpatched Or- Gazett' ^ers to 'f>'rco"nc^ t0 ftnd over feveral Regiments out lfo'e2^d of Ireland, which put the People dridejr^erribl^ Ap- prehenfions of another Irifij MflW^%teW°£i. -his Majefty jifued out his ProcMririri for the^WEftt- -ing of a new Parliament, " intimating his RbyaiFrir- " pofe 597 Ghap, XII. cf tfyqrjfyj r i ta,r,s ''oPofe to endeavour a legal Eftabjifor ^verjalTeleratiop^WjnViomyXi. %, Church ofEngrind%^bJMof'bf%e9Jeberal Atls »f jj!!" " Uniformity,. asM^Wem^^J^^^fitch ^^ qffle^fhe'Miridsdf Merit that the Ro- > 8^6aWble of being '• iKJ l r j v> V' J?' "Opofe to endeavour a legal Eftablifoment of an mi- King ^iverfial Telerati^p^dnWjm/iolmyX fd&pPeferw" the l*™?,,1*- i~ a Tolty-atTdjt^lJtnd^furWer 1 -<:' hisProtel^^ubjeftsnnc|wIi '¦'¦¦.man Caffolicks .foould1 ?£ma " Members .©£ ^the^ Houfe £o?J(^5rrrfeons, that fo the "Legiflature might -conr.ii^%"3ftP Hands of Prote- ¦fffFefWrj Letter* Yrom. ^fMafckp^f Abbeville at the^: wiW£?3j^S|t Pensionary Fag el nSd owned the Defign ".^ -Ri33raF fflrlnce °f Orange to invade England. 'Upon Gazette,'' ' lcft^hq King mmed pale andTpeechlefs for a Time,N° 2386. ikipj $. diftrafted Man turn'd himfelf everyway eliefi but was refiolute invh6thing. He put off He applies Ifhe Meeting of the Parliarrfent for the prefent, and by " the Bi' nAdviceof his Council^pplled to the Bifliopsthe^'fc/^' hut H-> ¦ c --a j • ° UlQrnor j-v,n- r 1 <- wavers, 3frypwn for.Adyice whatf-.ijffiSj neceffary to be done to ,/ipkev-^'^j^ureh.eafyCT1',^^^nliops moved' him to ^nn^d^JEfcfejiafticfil 6m " Rower-,:. .ftp. fecal. dttlLic%j - torkefip $cfippU, to promfit 'WPfoSf "fret ended Vicars ApoftolicaldjnvaJfyp^ffie^Ec ; to Jill the vacant Bifihopficks ; to reftor eHW^Chprters, and » to. call a free and regular Parliamenr,(-'by which the d/Cfiur^h^f^ngland might be Jecured, according to the flAcl?pf, Uniformity ^ and Provifion made jor a due Li- fifierty ofi Confidence I According to this Advice the lb. 23! King and Court began to tread backward, concluding, 2 39 '• that if they could fatjsfy the 'Bifoops, and recover the Affeftipn of the Churchy all would do well, but it was • tpo late. .,, "However1, the Bifijop oj London'.? Sujpen- fienr- ,was taken off^ "trie J Ecclefiaftical Commiffion diffol- ' 7u§ed, the (jiiy Charter, 'and the Fellows of Magdalen ;- -q&mferq reftored,' and 'other illegal Praftices re- ^nc^c^dl^i which .was faid to, be the Effeft of the '3J^g!sjm£er Grace and Favour ;' but upon News of •jlh^un^ofj 'Qra/igfs fleet being difperfed by a Storm, 3loq»' 0^3 ¦ and 5?8 The H IS TO RY ' VoUV. King and tHfg^y would hardly be able to put to Sea Ja^6e|gIL again tgl^njext Spring, his Majefty put a Stop to all v^ry-^ further Redrefs of Grife^ssices. ,\^ . Prince of But the Prince ^wfog'«epaired the Damages of the Orange'* Storm put to, Sea a fecorid Time, Nov. i.s-and after a ^^'wremarkable Paffage, in which the Wind, chopt about "claration. 'alrtioft miraculoufly in his Favour, landed at Tor bay, Nov. 5. with about fourteen thoufand Men, without meeting the King's Fleet, which was out at Sea, in order, t^piptercept them. The Prince brought over with hirrds.- Declaration, dated Oclober io/divided into twenty fix Articles, but reducible to three principal -Heads, 1. An Enumeration of the Grievances of the Nation, with regard to Religion and Civil Goverri- rnent. 2. The fruitlefs Attempts which had been made " \o\ Redrefs thofe Grievances; where mention is made of the fufpicious Birth of the pretended Prince of W^les- 3. A Protestation that the prefent Expedition was in tended for no other Purpofe than to have a free and Jawfol Parliament ; to which the Prince would refer ij^ the Grievances complained of; for the obtaining bfeph a free Parliament his Highnejs declares, he had been moft earnestly ; .folicited to come into England , ¦ ; by a great many Lords both Spiritual and Temporal, i«Voia and by many Gentlemen, and other Subjefts of all 1 Ranks ; and to encourage the Proteftant Diffenters * his Higbnefis^adds, that he would recommend to the Parliament the making fuch new Laws .as might efta- bliili a good Agreement between the Church of Eng land and all Proteftant Non-Conformifts, and in the a mean Time would fuffer all fuch as. would live peace ably to enjoy all due Freedom in their Confciences. p. fhc King's -phe King, who had relied too much on the Cler- ^»^oT^-Sy's Pf ofeffions of, unlimited Obedience, being farpri- fifi him. zed at the Expreffion in the Prince's Declaration, that Bumet, he was invited over by the Lords Spiritual, fent for p. 784. the Bifoops then in Town, and infifted not only upon their difowning the Faft," but upon their signing a Paper, expreffing their Abhorrence of the intended In- t, p'^C yafionj Chap.XII. e/rtrPrjitrtAKi 599 vafion<; but they drew back, and excufed themfelves on- King ly with a general Profeffion of their Allegiance and Duty. lames IL The Church Party (fays Burnet) now Jhewed their Appro- «ji^^, bad ion of the- Prince's Expedition in fuch Terms that Many were fiurpri-zed- at it both then, and fince that Time ; they fppke openly in favour of it ; they expreffed their Grief to fee the Wind fo crofs, and wifhed for a Pro teftant Wind that mighti bring the Prince oVer. His Majefty therefore finding himfelf deceived in th&Church Rarty, and that he had nothing to rely upon but his Army, ufed all imaginable Diligence to&rengthen it ; In Obedience to the Orders already giveh, twO thoufand five hundred; Men [chiefly Papifts] were landed at Chefter from Ireland. Commiffions were given out for raifing ten new Regiments.of Horfe and Foot. Three thoufand Scots' were ordered from that Country. All the Militia were commanded to be in a1 Readinefs ro march On the firft Summons ; "and a Proclamation was jstuedout, requiring all -Horfes and Cartel to be' re moved twenty Miles from thofe Parts of thfe Sea -Coaft, where it was apprehended the Prince would lartd ; but fo great was the Peoples Difaffeftion that they paid •little Regard to his Majefty's Orders. '' Soon after his Highnefis landed, the Body of the Na- Confujhn tion difcovered their Inclinations fo evidently, that the at Court King loft both Head and Heart at once. The City bf ^ ™ tb* London was in Confufion ; Reports were fpread that the -Irifih would cut the Throats of the Proteftants all over the Nation in one andJttee fame Night, which awakened the Peoples Fears, and^ist them all Night on their Guard. When this Fright was over, the Mob rofe and pulled down the PopiJh Mafs Houfes, and burnt the Materials in the Streets ; Father Petre, with the Swarms of Priefts and jefuits v/ho had ;flocked about- the Court, difappeared, • and retired into foreign Parts; and feve- ~ral of the King's arbitrary Minifters, who had brought him under thefe Difficulties, left him and abfconded. Jefferies was taken in"«>• - Progrefi of The Trrinee of Orange, having refrefhed'his; Forces,? -:¦¦ * the Pr. o^mafched from Tor bay to Exeter, where -the Nobiiky ¦— ranse" and Gen|ry • figned an Affociation t$ fupport and. affift Ms' - "- Highnefis- jmpurfiuing the Ends sj his . Dedaraiwn, and that ij any Attempt was made on bi$jfie}faA 2ifismMkbe-re- , .venged on all by whom, or jrom-^ffem^ JhsuMib&made. ,•.,« Great Numbers of common Pepp}eJ)caro<^iratoi&e}frzfcc at Exeter ; and as foon .as he march'ed^fwiLyajdilfcwarJctenj; London Prince George of D-mark, the Dukes of "OwoM mond, Grajton, Lord Wharton, Churchil, and others'?! of the firft Character, defeated the Army at Salisbury,- * and went over to the Prince, with a great many Pr0tfc-i3l ftant Officers, and Soldiers ; fo that his. Majefty per- * ceived, that even the Army, which was his laiftr Re fuge, was not to be relied upon 5 "andto^ompieat^his Unhappinefs, Princefs Anne, the KfogVAyoutfgef •'-:> Daughter, withdrew'- privately,., from Court' with the. * Bifoop of .London, who put on fos Buff Coat and Sword, r and commanded a little Armyfor her Higbnejs's. Defence, 'i Heads of Dr. Finch, Son to , the Earl of Winchtlfiea^ and Coll. in Warden of All Souls College in Oxford, was fentito the - *f**?xf 1 Prince from fome of the Pleads of Colleges,, to invite prince atidnim t0 Oxford, and to affure him they were ready to fignthe Af declare for him, and that their Plate fhould be at his fociation. Service, if he wanted it. y,The Pmtee intended 00 have Bumet, accepted their Invitation, but . a^ffThings being -in a p- 793* Ferment at London, he was advifbd to make all theTu hafte thither that he could. So he fent to Oxfiordto- excufe his not coming, and, jo offer them -the; Aism*-* ciation, which {uoas figned by almoft all tM:,Hptsds^ ~- and the chiej Men oj the Univerfity -, even by thoje-who •* being dijappointed in the Preferments they ajpirsdcto,!. Eachard, became afterwards his mofi implacable Enemies ; ¦ Areto- ' . p. 1 i 38. x bifhop Sancrojt alfo fent his Compliments to the Prince, ymin... and. with, feven or eight BifoppsOnore figned the Affo- mo-sl ciation, ehap.XII. o//fc'PuTi:'iT4»fi. 6or ciatito,ohzymg) changed the Word Revenge into that 'King of Punijhment;'! Thi&WSs a fodden Turn (fays the Bi-^mes IL foop) from thMe Principles that they had carffed fo \2^>s high but a Tew Years before. The DiffeMeff went ^*^ entirely, into all the Prince's Meafures, and were ready to fign the -Affociation : There were few or no Jaco bites or 'Non-Jurors among them ; and throughout the whole Courfe of King William's Reign, they were among his moft loyal and zealous Subjects. In this critical Juncture the Queen and the young King Prince of Wales 'were fent over to France, December p.. leave: the andithe King himfelf followed the latter End of theKin^<,a- Month,i having firft caufed the Writs for calling a newBurnet* Parliament to be burnt, and the Great Seal to begpj thrown into the Thames. After his Majefty's firft At- *--' tempt to leave the Kingdom he was feized at Fever- jhcm, and prevailed with to return back to -London^ but when the Prince refolved to come to Whitehall, and fenblqsrMajefty a Meffage, that he thought it not : confiitemt1 withi the Peace of the City and of the King dom, for .both, of them to be there together ; his Ma jefty. retired a fecond Time to Rochefter with' the Prince's. Confent, and after "a Week's Stay in that Place went away privately in a 'Veffel to France, lea1- v ' iiv ving a Paper behind him, in which he declared, that? tho' he was going to1 feek for foreign AffiftanjCe, he would not make ufe of it to Overthrow the eftablifhed ReUgienPrthe Laws of his Country.— - Thus ended the End of the fo@rt.and iinhappy Reign of King James II. and wiihmaie L,n? him the male Line, of the Royal Houfe of Stuarts, a Racegtu'a/ts_ of. Kings which Providence raifed up to be the Scourge of. thefe Nations, for they were every one chargeable with Tyranny and Oppression ; They were Favourers of Popery, and Enemies of the LaWs and Liberties of their Country; They enfeebled the Nation by Luxury and Licentioufnefs of Manners, and funk a bold and brave Peopktinto. Contempt among all the foreign Powers. Nothing; could have been more Fortunate and Flap- Jnter- py.fpE the 'Prince of Ofcmge than the King's Flight iR^™iru ,• ,»ai\».'" from Goa The H IS TO R Y ¦' Vol,I Vi Inter- frcmRoihefter to Fffotfee, which gave- a ..plaufible Re|^m- Handle fofJ the Convention Parliament to pafs a*>te, vj-y-"^ t'iat ^ ^*nS nac* t$dwatJd't&# Gro®ffl,> and- that. the Burnet, Throne wasdvflfartt"; tho' it would -have look'd mofe p- 797- like a voluntary Deject ion f 'iff his Majefty had gone- off the firft Time from Feverjham, and had hot faid in- the Paper he left behiod-him,-' that he was going to Jee'k Jor joreign Affiftance ; but it is" fofficiently evident that he was frighted away ' by his Priefts, Who poffefled him with the Belief that he was already a Prifoner -; - and'by his Queen, who- prevailed1 with him to confult his oWri and his Family's Safety by leaving' the Kingdom for the prefent ; Thus a great and powerful Mon-a r c h was inafew Weeks reduced to; the contemptible Condition of a wandring Pilgrim. ' ¦" . Addrefi of The Prince of Orange came to St. James's; Decern- the Clergy ber 1 8.' and on the 21ft following the Bifoop of Loti- t°the don with feveral of the Clergy; and fome Diffenting Calamv Minifters, waited upon his Highnefs to cohgratdlate p> 3g7.' him upon the happy Succefs of his glorious Ex pedition ; when his Lordfhip acquainted his Highnejs in the Name Of the Clergy, that there were: fome of their Diffenting Brethren prefent, who Were1' herein And of the entirely of the feme Sentiments with themfelves. But Non- on the 2d of January about ninety of the Non-Conjor- M«^r*j- mift Minifters attended the Prince at St. James's in a Howe'T diftinft Body, being introduced by the Earl of Devon- life, jhire, and the Lords < Wharton and Wiltjhire; when '$>. '142. the Reverend Mr. Howe, in the Name of the reft, affured, his Highnejs " of their grateful Senfe of his ha- " zardous and heroical Expedition, which the Favour " of Heaven had made fo furprizingly Profperous. " That they efteemed it a common Felicity, that the " worthy Patriots of the Nobility and Gentry1, of this *' Kingdom had unanimoufly concurred with his High- f ' nejs's Defigns, by whofe moft prudent Advice the Ad? 's ministration of publick Affairs was devolved in this *' difficult Conjuncture into Hands Which the Nation ^l and the World knewto be apt for the greateft Under- *' takings, Chap. XII. of the P us. tr a tis. 603 *<¦ takings,, and fp foitable to the prefent Exigency of Intei*- *' our, Cafe, They- promifed/ the utmoft Endeavours, ^Zfi*™* *'-.in their feveral Stations, to promote the excellent J-^, *' and moft definable Ends for which-vhis Highnejs ^^^ '' had declared. They added' their continual fervent *' Prayers to the Almighty* for the Prefervation of his *' Highnejs's Perfon, and the Succefs of his future En- " deavours for the Defence and Propagation of the *.V Proteftant Intereft throughout the Chriftian World-, *'¦ That they fhould All moft willingly have chofen " dkat Time for the Seafon of paying their Duty to *' his Highnefs, when the Lord Bifliop, and the Cler- " gy of London, attended his Highnefs for the fame " Purpofe (which fome of them did, and which his ft Lordfhip was pleated condefcendingly to make meU- *' tion of to his Highnefs) had their Notice of that in- " tended Application been fo early, as to make their a more general Attendance poffible at thatTime^There- " fore tho' they did now appear in a diftinft Company, " it was not on1 a diftinft Account, but on that only " which was common to them, and to all Protestants ; *' and tho' there Were fome of their Brethren of eminent V . Note, whom Age or prefent Infirmities hinder'd " from coming with them, yet they concurred in the " fame grateful Senfe of their common Deliverance." His Highnefs received them very favourably^ and re- His HigB- turned them the following Anfwer ; MygreatEtid was the nefds An- Prefervatien ofi the P $0 t e s t-,a n t Religion, ¦aitifnuer- with the Almightf s Affiftance and Permiffion, fo to ia-Eachaitfe|i to fetde the Government, the Erifieeyfub- JfjI^Tiftted.an^Ordef/ defiring-all Perfons who; had ferved x^ v»inmgbti& Citizens, or Burgeffesf in any of the Par-^ Giiette, liaments' m foe Reign of King Charles II. to. meet him N» ^4i4.rat St. James's on Wednejday the 26th of December* at .li-ww. Ten inthe Morning; and that the Lord Mayor and Court'" of] Aldermen i©f the City of Lmndo.n> would ff£* 7£r»»* be prefent, anBr fifty of the Common Council. This declared Ajjemb ly. defired thciPjNncetto take upon, himfelf the WaCdtke Admiriiftration; of the- Government for the prefent; Cron RkwUdmekt iwas^chofen with aiifEx- fered to the ^edition,' 'm. which vjapiausbMMicdb were propofed Of Pr.and '.fettlir-gi:*fae Governioeri ;: forne were Tor compromi- OrarT'e °^inS Mattefs withi.c vj:npr thefe Kirmdo'ms'frbm fo imminent and deflru- fiers to K. . o . o . William. " ftive Fvils has been lo eminent and extraordinary, ": that it may force an Acknowledgment of the Divine, " Providence from thofe who deny it, and caufe : Ad- " miration in all who believe and reverence it. ! The " Beauty and Speed of this happy Work are the bright " Signatures of his Hand, who creates Deliverance for il his People : The lefs of human' Powefthe more of " Divine Wifdom and Goodnefs has been cortfpicubus '.'in it. If the Deliverance had been obtained by " fierce and bloody Battles, Victory it felf had been de- *' jefted and fad, and our Joy had been mixed with "¦afflicting Bitternefs ; but as the Sun afcending the "- Horizon difpels without Noife the Darknefs of the "• Night, fo your ferene Prefence has, without Tumults I " and Chap.XII. of thefP"vrxvtA^. 607 ij and DiCorderSj chafed away theD^rkntfethat-finvaded King «., us-. In rjic^ Strife of thjs:aftonifoing -Deliverance we Wfj?S9' «f defire wit-hafipoffible Ardency of Affeftion- to mag- ^^f" " nify the glorious Namejof God, the Author iOf it, by 1688. «' , whpj^.entire Efficacy, the. Means have been foccefs- l"*W, .<.' fol ;,, apd- we cannot without a warm Rapture of « Thankfulnefs recount out Obligations to your Ma- '{ jetty, the happy Inftrument of it. Your illuftrious «,' Greatnefs pf Mind, in an Undertaking of fuch vaft ¦«' Expence, your heroick Zeal in Expofing your fnoft ".. precious Life in fuch an adventurous Expedition, your «,wife. Conduft, and unfhakeri^ Refolution, in profe- « curing your great Ends, are-, above the '' lcrftieft ' « Flights of Language, exceed all Praife. We owe « tp your Majefty the two greateft and moft valuable '?, Bleflings that we can enjoy,. The. Prejerv •at ion oj the " true Religion, our moft facred Treafure ; and the Re- t« .xovery oj the. jafJingStaft; and the eftablijhing it up- " on juft Foundations. According to our Duty, we " promife unfeigned Fidelity, and true Allegiance to « your Majefty's Perfon and Government. We are « encouraged by your gracious Promife upon our «, firft Addtofs, humbly to defire and hope, that .your •. '*'' t^ j To which his Majefty was gracioufiy pleafed to make the. following Anfwer. , v. \ KdnisAnd1 '• ft TAKE kindly yours good W$ies, and whatever f»xr- " is in my Power jhall be employed jor obtaining " fiuch anMnim among you. I do flffure you of niy " Proteflion and Kindnefs." . . . To the QJJiEEN. ' - '•¦ :¦ .-- . .... Ui May it fleafe your Majefty,. :?q- ?* Their Ad- " \7 OU R happy Arrival into your native Ccun- irefitotht" \ try, and Acceffion to the Crown, hasdiffofed %ueen. «t an univerfal Joy through this Kingdom. ' 'Tis an " aufpicious Sign of publick Felicity, when fopream *' Virtue, and fopream Dignity, meet :ih. the fame " Perfon. Your inviolable Firmnefs in the Pib&SS- " on of the Truth, and exemplary Piety, are the «' moft radiant Jewels in your Crown. The Luftre " of your Converfetion, unftafoed in the Midft of " tempting Vanities, and adorned with every Grace, " recommends Religion as the moft honourable' and " amiable Quality, even to thofe who are averfe from " hearing Sermons, and apt to defpife ferioaasTnftru- " ftions and Excitations to be Religiousj We'hum- " bly defire, that your -Majefty would be pfeafed by ". your Wifdom and Goodnefs, to compofe the Diffe- " rences between yourProteftant Subjefts in Things " of left Moment concerning Religion. We hope M thofe Reverend Perfons who confpire wkh us in the Chap.XII. "^ of "-the Puritans. $06oo. -';*' main End, the Glory Of'God'"a^tne Fublick^jr;^ Iff*' Good, Will content to the Ter ms: Of Union wherein William r ""all thei Reformed Churches agree; We -foall firi:'^^* '"'•cerelyfiddrefs our Requefts to God, that- he will S.' , ."'" pfeafelo 'pour down irit|^ rich Abundance'^his Blef-V>"Y^/ " " lings upon your JVTajeflJrS Perfon and' Government, - *r;. -.•TO T** 'Tho' the Joy that accompanied the Revolution had &>«* 5/- a confiderable Influence on the Choice of Parliament/^ refu- Men, yet there being no Court to make Intereft-^ 'fj among the People, it "appeared that the late KingB* ' James had a confiderable Party in both Houfes fuffi- Vol. II. cient to perplex the new Governmenti^%ho first pro- p. 6, 8. ^pofed the. Choice of a new ParliameW, in* order to" -d\ I throw the Nation into a new Ferment ; but this, being - over-ruled, a Bill was brought in, and paffed Jan. 23. ¦to turn the -prefent Convention into a Parliament, it being wifely croncludedj" that thofe who had fet the King on. the Throne would be- moft zealous to main tain, him there ; but when the :Hy the Earl of Notting ham, arid were much the fame with thofe prepared fat tba Houfe of Commons in-" King.: Charles fob- Second's :.-:V*t.IV. R-r Twne. 6to !f^Hi§fc.RT "foUV. #"£¦ - Time.: during thq Debates about the Bill of .Exrlu- *\^" TAe CJ.ergy in, genera} tpo^ the Oaths, buf it- be- , 1688. Game vifible, th$t'' mapy among them took them' only V-"V^' as Oaths of Snbmjffipn to Ujurpers during their UJitrpa- Burpet, tig^ w'xdjf this Referve, that it was, ftill lawful to affift p °6 1 1 King Jam?s if he fhould come to ' recover the- Crown., and that,. tie Fa$ ftUf their King de Jure, tho' the Prince of Orange was King de Fatlo, contrary "to 'the plain Meaning of the Words ;-buf tfie" Clergy pfoke thro' all thefe Fetters "( fays the Bifhop J to the .Re proach of their Profeffion : And the Prevarication of fo many in fo facred a Matter contributed ripf Lords Oxford,^ Lovelace, Wbarfon,, Mordaunt, Mon- '- .fidague, and Paget, entering their Protests. It. was, propofed further, in a Committee of the ~ VA.'- Houfe, o( Lords, to take pif" the Neceffity of Kneeling ' -~^Xd at,. tb& Sacrfitftent, bnt when the Queftion was. put, Burne^ ' Whether- to agree with the Committee in leaving out P- Mi, the Claufe, the Votes were equal, and fo according to the Ufage -of the Houfe it pafs'd in the Negative. The like Fate attended the Motion about the Crofis in Baptifim, and explaining "the. Words Affent find,' Conjent in Subfcription. Thus the feveral Attempts;for. Alte rations dn. the Church Service, , at a Time when the Legiflature was in temper for accommodating leflef Differences, were frustrated , by a rifing Party of J acf- biles and Tories; who threaten'd the new Gqyternnien£ with a Revolt unlefs they were humour'd, and for fear pf, them alfyfhe Promifes of Accommodation with the Diffenters were renounced arid given up. A3 of To-:^Spqn after ra Bill for Toleration ofi Proteftant Diffen- kratkn fers w-as brought into t the Houfe, and had an eafy f™*ff '"* Paflage ; -tiio' fome propofed, that die Aft foould on- Houfe and\lf>z temporary, as a neceffary Restraint, thatthe'Dif- fafiid. fenters might demean themfelves fo, as to merit' the Cpptiriuance of it. when the Term of Tears now offer ed fhould end ; but this was, rejected. Bifhop Burnet fays, That hjs Zeal for this Aft loft him hjs, Credit with the. Church Party, by which it appears they did pot much like it. It is'rentitled, An Acl for exempting their^ Majefty's Proteftant Spbjefjs diffenting jrom the Church oj England, jrom the Penalties oj certain faws. But the Corporatio^and Teft Afts are* omitted ; and- Socinfansare excepted, but Provifion is made for Quakers, upon their making afolcmn-Declaration, in stead , pf, taking foe Oaths 'tp, the Government. This Aft excufes all Proteftant Diffenters'- from the Pena'l- i -* - ' «*- -d ¦ :-\ * " -r ties Chap.XII. of the P'uRiTAfl'S. 6 13 ties of the Laws therein mentioned, for not "coming f"£ to Church, provided they take' the Oaths 'to" the Go- JJJijj*^ vernment, and jubficribe the Dpttrinal Articles oj the""^^'" Church oj England, &c. But tliis being the Bafis of 1689. their prefent Liberty, I have inferred the Aft at length Y^J"* in the Appendix, Num b. I. ^d- While the Bill for a Toleration was depending a Motion was made in the Houfe of Lords for a Com-rffa j r i-i i-' i r t-. LiOfnpre- prehen.wn, which was received, and fome Progrefs^„yf0,. made fo it ; but a Provifo being offered, and- preffed Burnet, with great Earheftnefs, by fome temporal Lords, 'thatp- 16. in Imitation of the Afts pafs'd iri the Reigns of King Henry VIII. arid Edward VI. a Number 'of Perfons both of the Clergy and Laity might be empowered to prepare Materials for fuch a Reformation of Things relating to the Church as might be fit to offer to the King and Parliament, it was warmly debated, and at length rejefted hy a fmall Majority. Bifhop Burnet Was againft the Provi fib, for fear of offending the Clergy, who Would look Upon it as taking the Refor- matiori'but of their Hands ; but adds, " I was cbnvin- " ced foon after that I had taken wrong Meafures, " and that the Method propofed by the Lords was-the "-' \J v^: "dnly one like to prove effectual." -Dr. Tillotjon ?,t^* being of the fefrie Mind with Burnet, advifcd the King to refer the Affair to a Synod of Divines, whofe Determinations he apprehended would flop the Mouths of Papifts, who reproached Pur, Reformation as built chiefly on "a Parliamentary Authority, and would be better received by thp Body of the Clergy. . Accordingly it was agreed in Council, that a feleft ^f" Ecde- Nurriber of learned Divines foould be appointed bf^f-ff^ the Royal Mandate, to meet and confult about the„„topff moft proper Methods, 'of healing the Wounds of thtpare Mat- Church; tfiat their Determinations fhould be laid be- ""for it. fore the Convpcation, and from thence receive the San ction' of Parliament. '' Agreeably to this Refolution the King iffued 'but a COmniiffion to" thirty Divines, of Which ten were' Bifoops, 'Whofe Names werey'' R r 3 Dr. Lamp" 6 14 .MeHlST3$Y V61.IV. King Dr.Lamplugb.,Abp.Terftho&t-Jopa,th.Trelawny, Bp. Maty.'* ' ;'-^w' ^.Winchefter, Dr.Biirnet, Bp. ^«»» i68y! Lloyde, Bp. St. AJapb, Humphreys, Bp. Ban- V; Bp, Carlifie, . Stratjord, Bp. (#^«r, To thefe were added the following Divines, ... .- r '-- - K | _ _^ , Df. Stilling fleet, • "Dr. Patrick, . • Tillotjon-, Meggot, Sharpy. Kidder, Aldrfdge, - Jasie, Hall, ; - Beaumont \ Montague, G°°^ms-n:> ' Beveridge, Battely, Alfton\ Tennijon, Scot, Fowler, jj, ... Grove, Williams,,: -\ _,,> : - .. . .<-,:.>.- :.;,Oi,f: -; Their Commiffion was as" ftyiflowsr; 72«> f Whereas the particular Forms of Divine Wor- Powers.^ « ihip, and the Rites and Ceremonies appointed to be " ufed therein, being Things in their own Nature in- *« 'different and alterable, and fo acknowledged, it is ** but reafonable that upon weighty and iriiportant *f Confiderations, according to the various Exigencies tc. 0f Times and Occafions, fuch Changes and Alterati- *' ons foould be made therein, as to thofe that are in "Place and Authority foould from. Time to Time " feem either neceffary or expedient." "And whereas the Book oj Canons is fit to be re- " viewed-, and made more foitable , to the Staterpf the *' Church; and whereas there are Defefts and.Abufes " in thei Ecclefiaftical Court s* and J urifidiclipns,; find *' particularly, there is not.ifofficietit Provifipq .made " for the Removing of fcand^ilcjiusj Minifters, ;and for ^ the Reforming of Manners, either in Minifters or " People, Chap. XII. of ffte Puritans. 61c; " People. J\.nct whereas it is moft fit that there :J&*g " fhould be a ftrift Method prefcribed for the Exami- William " nation of foch Perfons as. defire to be admitted into^^^'"' « Holy SJrdefV," both us to their LearnjWg and Man- S' •tcrie^"'^""-''^"' ¦'••-' \- ' J^O "We, therefore, out of our pious and princely Care- ""' for the good Order, Edification, and Unity of the " Church of England comrnitted to ourCharge and Care, " and for the recbricilirig as' much as is pofBble bf all " Differences among our good Subjefts, and to take " away all Occafion of the like for the future, have " thought fit to authorize you, &c. or ariy nine of " you, whereof three to be Bifoops, to meet from " Time to Time as often as foall be .needful, and to " prepare fiuch Alterations of the Liturgy and Canons, " and fuch Propofials for the Reformat-ion of the Eccle- " fiaftical Courts ; and to confider of fuch other Mat- " ters as in your Judgments may moft conduce to the " Ends above-mentioned." The Committee being met in theJerufialemChamber,TheLega- a Difpute arofe about the Legality of their Commiffion ; litd °f Sprat Bifoop of Rochefter, One of King James's Eccle-' m' fiaflical Commiffioners being one of the Number, they pretended to' fear i 'Praemunire, tho' there Wft's not fo -n-M- much as a Shadow for foch a Pretence, the King's Su- '¦ ;w>1 premacy, if it means any Thing, empowering him to ap point proper Perfons not to make Laws, but to pre pare Matters for the Legiflature : However, upon this, Mew Bifhop of Winchefter, Sprat of Rochefter, with Dr. Jane and Dr. Aldridge, withdrew. Some of them faid plainly, they were againft all Alterations whatfoever ; they thought too much would be done for the 'Diffen ters, in granting them an Aft of Toleration, but they , ' -#ckild do nothing to make Conformity ftill eafier. They fetid' further, that altering the Cuftoros and Con- dteajint ftitritibns of the Church to gratify a peevifo: and obfli-^"'.^-'7'" 'nafe1 Party, was like to have no other Effeft: but to^^/' rriake them' more irifoient. But was it ever tried ? Did Vol. 1;, the Convocation of Parliament make ai fingle A bate- p. >j. R x 4 ' ' -"•- rr-.:it 616 The HLSTQRY Vtil.im Kp ment foom the Year|. 1&62 r to. jtjfjs .Trime ? , If the -Ex-': andShtin PePm(?nt 'had * been tried,' and prpved ineffeftuaj, . the . V Mary. Blame might have been caft upon the Diffenters ; but -,lVi 1689/: to calt'them Peevijh apd Obftinate without offering them, v/^rN-/ any, everi the fmalleft Alterations, deferves no better a . ' Name than the highest Abufe of Language. Was there no Obstinacy and Peevifhnefs on the Side. of the Church, in retreating from fp many Promifes without' a fingle Offer? ——But it. Was laid further, that the: r Church by offering thefe Alterations feemed .to confess that foe had hitherto been in., the Wrong, , and that thp Attempt would divide them among themfelves, and make People lofe their Efteem for the Liturgy, if it appeared that it wanted Correction., Such were the Reafonings of thefe high Divines, if they deferve the Natrre, fome of whom but a few Months before pre tended to come to a' Temper with, their Brethren. ~ . And fir But it was anfwered on „the other Side, That if a them. - few Correftions or Explanations would give aH juft Satisfaftion to the Diffenters, there was reafon to -hope it would bring over many of the People, if not the Teachers themfelves ; at leaft if fhe Prejudices of the prefent Diftenters were too ftrong, it would -have a good; Effeft on the next Generation ; nor could it be any Reproach to the Church, 1 fince die Offers were made* only in regard to tfiejr Weaknefs, Ritual Matters were of an indifferent Nature, and, became neceffary only from the Authority of the Church and State, therefore it was an unreafonabje Sdffnefs to de ny any Abatements in fuch ; Matters, fo order to heal the Wounds of the Church. Great Changes had been made by the Church of Rome in her Rituals ; and among our felves fince the Reforrnation, in the Reigns of King Edward VI. Queen Elizabeth, King James, and King Charles II. anc( it. feemed neceffary at this Time to shake the Terras of Corrunupionvwith the Church as large as might be, that fo the greater Number might be brought mto.it, fince by the AU.\oj Toleration they might diffent with Safety. - ; n:,,,. But Chap. XII. of the P u & i * A to s. 617 But Iwhile Men Were debating thefe " Matters, the ¦ King J acoiiJe. Party' took hold of this Occafion to pnflame William Me»' Minds againft the Government. It was faid the* mS**** Church was to be pulled' down and Prefbytery fet,, up : ,68T The- Univerfities took Fire and declared againft Alte- */*V^-* rations^ and againft all that promoted them, as Men who: intended to undermine the Church. Severe Re flections Were caft on the King himfelf, as not being in the Intereft of the Church, for the Cry of the Church's Danger Was raifed by all the Enemies of the -Govern ment, as that under which they thought they .might. -, fafely fhelter all their ill Defigns. Great Intereft was made every, where in the Choice of Cbnvocatiori Men* - to whom the Determinations of the Committee was to be referr'd, fo that it was quickly vifible that the laud able Defigns of the King and the EccleJiaftical.Commif- ftoners would have no Effeft. . r , - - However the Committee continued their Work till %«> -P>«- they had finifoed it ; they had before them all the- Ex- <"#"»'• ceptionsi that' either the Puritans before the War, or-ur??et' the Non-Conjormifts fince the Reftoration, had made d to the Church Service. They had alfo many Propofi tions and Advices that had been offered at feveral Times- by many of our Bifoops and Divines upon thofe Heads ; Matters were well confidered, and freely and calmly "debated, and all was digefted into an entire < Correftion* of every Thing that feemed liable to any juft Exception. Dr. Nichols feys, they began withAppara- reviewing the Liturgy, and first in examining the Ca-tus' r , lendar \ they ordered in the Room "of the Apocryphal^' '9j'5 Leffons certain -Chapters of Canonical 'Scripture to be read, that Were more to the People's Advantage -, Athanajius's Creed being difliked by reafon. of the dam natory Claufes it was left to 'the Minister's Choice to ufe jt, or 'change it for the Apoftles Creed. New Collefts were drawn up more agreeable to the Epistles, and Go- foels for thfe whole Courfe of the Year, with that Ele gance and Brightnefs of Expreffion (feys the Doftor) and fuch a Flame of Devotion, that nothing could more 618 ^HISTORY K*$ more affect and excite ^, Hearts of the, Hearers, $qd *\lSy7* drawn up by Dr. Patrick y, Dr. Burnet add^^-'tp'}^^- 1689.' farther Force and Spirit ; Dr. Stilling fleet "afterwards ^Y^ examined them, with great Judgment, carefully weigh ing every Wpfd in them ;_ and DrdTiV-offon nad the laft Hand, givmg them forne. free and,rhaft.erfy Strokes of his fweet and flowing Eloquence ; Dr. Kififier made a new Verfion of " thf Pfialms, more agreeable to die Original, -.Dr. Tennifoif made a CoHeftidh of the Words and, Expreffions throughout the Liturgy I^Kich had been ; excepted againft, and propofed othets' in their Room thftt , were clear and plajn, and lefs liable The parti- to Exception Singing in Cathedrals", VaV^tq be tUJar d ^^ a^e ~*~ — ^^ dlpocryphal Leffons were to [t>e meuts. ' omitted, together with the Legendary Saints Days — Calamy's The Cfofis m Baptifm to be left to the Choice of the Abridge l Parent And Kneeling at the Sacrament to be indif- Vol.I. ferent The Intention of I^e#t}Fafts was declared P- 453- to confift only in extraordinary Acts of Devotion, not in diftinction of Meats , — - The Vvord Prieft was to tie changed fpr \ Minifter - — -The -Ufe of the Surplice is left to the Dilcr^ion of the Bifoop,. who may dif penfe with it, or appoint another to read the Service. — God-Fathers and God-Mothers in Baptifm may be omitted if defired, and Children prefented iii their pa rents Names Re-Ordination of thpfe who had been ordained by Prefbyters was to be only conditional - — But thefe, with fome other ufeful Alterations in the Litany, Communion Service, and Canons, wUl not be known till the Papers themfelves are made pub lick. However the Conceflions and Amendments made in them would in all Probability have brought in three Parts in four of the Diffenters. ,f". Proceed- While thefe Things were. debating, in Parliarnenr. and tngs o/^among the Commiffioners, an Addrefs was; prefented, Convoca- a -i - 1 T ,v™ r. - _ fiotti April 19., praying thai; according to tb#, ancient Cu, ftom and Ufage of the Kingdom iti' Time of Parlia ment, his Majefty would iffoe out, his Vf J% fo? Raiting Chap.XlI. of the P is r i t a n s. 619 ^Convocation of the Clergy to be advifed with" in- Ec- &fig clefiaftical Matters, affuring his Majefty, that it wasj*^11 jheir Intention forthwith to proceed to the Coirfidera-*8^"* "' tfon of giving Eafe to Proteftant Diffenters ; But .when ,689." they met it Quickly appeared, that the High Church ^"y^j Party were fope,riOf to the Moderate, ' by their choafing Pr. Jane, who drew up the Oxfiord Decree, Prolocu- tpr, before Dr. Tillotjon: Flis Majefty fent a Letter pr Menage by the Earl of Nottingham, affuring them of his cOftftarit Favour and Proteftion, and that he had fummoned them together nbt only becaufe it was ufual Upon holding Parliaments, but out of a pious Zeal to do every Thing that might tend to the beft Eftablifh- r ment of the Church of England, he therefore defired them to confider of fuch Things as by his Order foould be laid before them, with a due and impartial Zeal for the Peace and Good of the Church. But (there was rip ropm for it, for the Lower Houfe: of Convocation quickly came to a Refolution, not to^n-TheirPif- ter into any Debates with relation to Alterations; a.nda.feSi"a- it was not without Difficulty carried to make a decent Addrefs to the King, thanking him for his Promife of P rot eclion. And becaufe in the Addrefs which foe Bifhops fent down, they acknowledged the Proteftion which the Proteftant Religion in' general, and the Church of England in particular had received from his Majefty, they Would not agree to it, becaufe it imported thejr owning fome common Union with the foreign Churches. They would thank his Majefty for his Care to eftabliih the' Church of England, whereby the Intereft of the Proteftant Churches abroad wPuld be better fecured, but would not infert the Words, This and all other Proteftant Churches, as -the Bifhops had defired. The Bifoop of London, in his Anfwer to the Prolo cutor's; Speech, told them/ That they ought to endea:- your i Temper in Things, riot effential to Religion ; and that it was their Duty to ffiew the fame- Indulgence and Charity to the'- Diftenters under King William, which 620 The HfStORY) VoI.IV. King which fome of the Bifhops asd';.Ciergy v had promifed JSsSr"1 theil" Addr^ffe? t0 Kil,S Jams- But all thefe Pro- ""wfafy™ mifie's (fays Bifoop Burnet) we're. entirely forgot. It 1689. was in vafo therefore, toi refer tlfe Amendments, pf the VVv Ecclefiaftical Commiffioners to a slumber of Men, who had refolved , to admit ofi no Alterations ; and 'tis thought that if, the 4% \of Toleration had been left tp their Decision, it, wpuld, have mi'fcarried, The King obferving Matters, run thus high, broke up tjie, Seffions ; and feeing they were in, no Difpofition to do good, they were kept from doing Mifchief by Prorogations for a Co.urfe of ten Years. Remarks. This was. the laft fruitlefs Attempt for a Comprehen- iv- fion of Diffenters within the Eftablifhment ; and fuch was the ungrateful Returp that thefe angry Churchmen made, to thofe who, had helped them in Diftrefs.! For it ought to .ftand upon Record, that the. Church of England had been twice, refcued frorq, the rppft/immi-; neji.t Danger by Men of thofe. very Principles for whofe Satisfaftion they would not, move a Pin not abate a Ceremony ; firft in the, Year 1,660. when/the Presbyterians reftored the Ijting and Constitution with out making any Terms for themfelves ,;- : and now again at the Revolution of King William, wh^tithe Church fled for Succour to a Presbyterian Prince, and was delivered by an Army pf ..fourteen thoufand Hollanders of the very fame. Principles with the Englijh. Diffenters ; but hpw uncivilly thofe Troops were ufed afterwards, when they had done their Work, is- too ungrateful a Piece of Hiftory to remember,. On the Ac- But befides the ftrong Difpofition of the High Chur.ch "J^vf- Clerp-y and their Friends to ireturnto their Allegiance to Abohjhtng . *-' ... .-- . -™'Y - '-I ' - zz. The HiWTpMt\<> iiYcoUV, King had none- but Prefbyterian? son his .Side, in $8$.. King-, Wilham dom,i ^et rthe Suffering . itAto take Place,, raifed the ^^^Djfaffeftiouiof the Emgldfih Clergy.,; Reports of the 1 689. K^lg's Difaffeftion to the Hierarchy, of the Church- wer$ *-^Vv fpread with, great Induftfyjove? '-the Nation ; a$e;fead-. Bunjfit, jng j$ea 0f both Univerfities were po^ffedt with it '" ?9" (fays Burnet) tho* the King had joined in Communion with the Church,; and took the Sacrament according to Law ; but it was given out, that Men zealous for the Church were neglected, and that thofe who were indifferent to the Ceremonies were promoted His Majefty promifed the Scots Clergy to moderate Mat ters in their Favour, and Lord Melvil, Secretary of State, engaged very folemnly for ; the %aje Thing ; but when -the Presbyterians threat^a'd ta defers the Court if they were deferted by them, Melvil thought it was the King's Interest to fecore them tp his In terest, which could not be done but by abandoning And to the the Minifters of the EpijcopaifiPerjmfipn. Such Enghfh therefore as refuted to r read.., the,-, Proclamation of ^"""Tting William and Queen M»ry, by the prefixed Day were deprived of their Livings k which being pub lifhed -up and doiwa England, and much -aggrava ted, raifed the Averfion of the Friends of ttlfie- Church againft the Prefbyterians fp high (fays Bifhop Bur- mi) that they hegan to repent their having grant ed a Toleration to a Party, who : where they pre vailed, fhewed fo much Fury againft thofe of the Epifcopal Perfuafion. But it ought to bjc^, remem ber'd that this was a-. Government Caje, that the Fate of the Revolution in tha*. Kingdom depend ed upon it,; and that the : Bifoops and Epifco pal Clergy,: almoft to -a Mm, were determined Jacobites, and refufed, to take the Oaths tp\Kiog W 1. l l- 1 a M and 5 Queen M a & y . Befides, what Reafon: had .the Scots. Prefbyterians to truft the Epifcopal Clergy, where it was in their Power to ' do themfelves Justice? TfaSl: they not deceived them out pf their Difcipline in 1662. and perfecuted them elktfifXlI. off^PullPTANS. 623 t^m^errielly evef1 fince *'%eP the Reader perufe the Jfyg crreadfol Sufferings of the Kirk in the Ragn of King ^t^am Charleys the Second, and judge how^fe.they had^^"* Reafon to prtetttera agafo4nt©- die. Saddflfc^fchd give ,689* "thefvReiris inW-^felr* Harids-viiflubnl ib&Tg, mm has." v-ry^/ "filif the Difi$&&l©n of ifanMigb'Ctilrcb'Xller^ Kidgfkaie #r5fH* ftill higher^'Wen to the ^fftng himfelf, wh6,^»^^ ' Was made uneafy by a Set of Men wh3 were ^thTonec Thorns in his Sides, and clog'd the Wheels of5^' ' -' his Government to his1 Death ; infomuch that hisP" Majefty fometimes declared with more than ordi nary Vehemence that he would not ftay in Eng land and hold an empty Name ; that it was not ' eafy to determine which was heft, a iCommonwealth ""d or Kingfy Government ; but he was fore the wdrft of all Governments Was, ' a King without ,a Trea- Jure, and without Power. He once refolved to re turn to Holland and leave -the Government in the Queen's Hands, imagining they would ufe her bet- tefjPaiSti'iie communicated his Defign to the Mar- Ijujs kffi®fe#&marthen, the Earl of "Shrewsbury, and 1fp9e3[iH$t$^:)!Who befought him > with Tears to £K^^:h»iDIRefdlafioni^%fed at laft prevailed: But ^d'^sP#^eflJ»n€fe8fa*^i this from the Throne the "Natiori was in a Temper to have done Juftice to the Incendiaries ; for notwithftanding their Clamours they knew themfelves to be in /defoerate Circum ftances if the King foould leave ^hem, as having renounced their Allegiance to King . James, arid gone fuch Lengths as he could never 'forgive. But King William being a generous Prince ima- '<«* gined they might be gairiedi bfyns heaping Favours on their Heads, arid therefore took up >. with a Motley1 I0tf$r?ft which diftreffed him to the laft. Thus thV TorieU and High Church Clergy enjoyed the : Advantages of a ' - Glorious^ Revolu tion,- while they afted a moft' unworthy Part towaftfV'fheir GREAT DELIVERER and . .'<. "';--:-c: .. si ni nn<\ ->i>u v:-m- l<.. ,-.;.'c a 624 The BHT.OKY Vol. IV. King a moft unkind and. ungenerous One to ,foe Dif Mary!'" Nor have, thefe Gentlemen ceafed to difcover J689. their Enmity , to the. Diffenters fince that Time, v^w-'as oft as the Power has been in their Hands. It Their Con- was impoffible to „ hurt them while King Wi l- DiiTenters ^l AM- ^vec^' ,^ut no f°°ner was Queen Anne fince the uP°n the Thrpne but they endeavoured to cramp Revofa- the Toleration by the Bill against Occafional Con- tion. formity, . which was brought ... into the Houfe one -Seffions after another, till, at length it obtained the Royal Affent in the latter End, pf the Year 171 1. Occafio- under the fpecious Tide of, din AS to-, prejerve Y^^' .the Proteftant Religion, and to confirm the Tole- jjm ration, and further to fiecure the Proteftant Succef fion. It makes fome few Concessions in favour of the , Toleration, but then it enafts, " That if any *' Perfons in Office, who by the Laws are, obliged " to qualify themfelves by receiving the. Sacrament, or " Teft, fliall ever refort to- a Conventicle or Meet- " ing pf Diffenters for, Religious Worfhip, during " the Time of their Continuance in fuch Office,, they " fhalf forfeit twenty Pounds for every fuch Of- " fence, and be difqualified for any Office for the *' future, till, they' have made Oath- that they have en- *' tirely conformed to the Church, and not been at " any Conventicle for the Space of a whole Year." So that no Perfon in the leaft Office in the Cu- Jloms, Excije, or Common Council, &c. could ever come within the Doors of a Meeting-Houfe. But Append. . the Reader may read the Aft at large in the Appen- N°H. dix, Numb. II, ^'. In the laft Year of Queen Anne the Toleration ^jjj,fin Was further straitened by an AS to prevent the Growth oj Schifim ; for with thefe Gendemen all Diffenters are Schijmaticks, and in order to prevent their Growth, the Education of their Children was taken out of the Hands of their Friends, and intruft- 1 ed CKap.XII. of the P h r i t'a" n s, ' c% • ed only '-with' fuch who 'were' full and entire'1 Con- Kmg formifts. And if any School-Matter or Tutor" foould Wi%m be willingly" prefent at "any Conventicle of Dfim-av(f&em fters Jor Religious' Worfidp, 'be" foall " fuffer three fi^Z'. 'Mopths Imprifonment, and bedifqualified," as above, Lfiy^j from teaching School" for the future. " The Aft was' to take Place Auguft i. 17 14. the very Day the 'tween 'died ; -but his late MajeftyKing George I/being fu\- Repealed ly fatisfied that thefe Hardfoips were brought upon hK^g the Diffenters' for their steady Adherence to theGeorg Proteftant; Succeffion againft a" Tory and Tacobite Miniftry, who were preparing the Way for" a Popifo Pretender, procured the Repeal of them in the fifth Year of his Reign. The aforefaid Aft, with the Repeal, is inferred in the Appendix, Numb. Ill and TV. together* with" a Claufe which forbids the Mayor, or other Magifirate, lo g;o into any Meeting jor Religi ons Worfihip with the Enfigns of his Office. Many of the ejefted Minifters of 1662. and others, furVived the1 'Revolution,., arid made a confiderable Figure in the Reigns of King William and Queen Mary1." As, The 'Rev: William Bates, The Rev. Mr. George Diffenting D. D. 'Cockayne, "''" ' " Minifters Ob.ad. Grew, D.'D. ¦ Mr. John Faldo, ' " ™£edOe Sdm.Annefly, D.D. Mr. Williant Larimer, pfj^oluf John Callings, D.D. M. A. tion. Mr. Richard Baxter, Mr. Thomas Gilbert, Mr. Vincent "'Alfiopf B. D. M.A. Mr. J ofi Hill,B.D. Mr. John Howe, M. A. Mr. Rob. Bragge, Mr. Thomas Doolittle, Mr. Math. Mead, M. A: Mr. James Forbes, M.A. *Mr. Phil, and Matth. Mr. Thomas Cole, M.A, ' Henry, M.A. Mr., George Griffith, Mr. John Flavel, M. A. Mr. Matheio Barker, Mr. Nath. Mather, M. A. Mr. Edward Veal, Vol, IV, S f Th-i 626 The HIST and S>ueei{ Mary', j, 1689. , Kfiis The^^Mt.John gfiich Williams Urfi^thBniei Vinm, M.A. Mr. Richard Stretton, M, Ad- Mr. George Hammond, riM.A. Mr. Richard Kentijh, Mr. Henry N^wcome, m- M. A. , , r _ Mr. M«//&. Sylvefter, Mr. Cfrj/fr. JV^, M.A. Mr. John Humphreys, M.A. ORX, &c. VoUV. The-Rpv;.Mr. Rich Mayo, Mr. ;M<2//&. Clarke, fen. Ifiaac Chauncey, M.D. Mr. S«»z. SY^er, M.A. Daniel Williams; D.D. Mr. 7°^« Spademan^ M.A. Mr. icofor/ .BzY/z'o, Mr. Rich. Steele, M.A. " Mr. 2Vrf//&. Taylor, Mr. i?»£. Flemming, M.A. Mr. D#;z. Burgejs, Mr. James Owen, &c. Thefe and many others who deferve an honourable Charafter, were learned and ufefolMeh,- arid mofi of them popular Preachers, ferviceable to the Societies for Reformation of Manners; and eminent Confcfford in the Caufi, of Liberty and Scriptural Religion ; but their Deaths not happening within the Compafs of this Work, I muft' leave them to be remember'd by die. Hiftorians of after Times. ['¦;t« The End of the Fourth V olum-t.. A P P E K- A P PE N D "I -X. NUMB. I. The Toleb. a t iq,N Act, entituled, An AS for Exempting their Majefties Proteftant SttbjeSs Diffent ing from the Church oj England from the. Penalties of certain -JLaws. ORASMUCH as fome Eafe, to fcrupulous i Will. & Confciences, in the Exercife of .Religion, may M«ry,cap, be art effectual Means to unite their Majefty's 1 8. Proteftant Subjects in Intereft and Affeftion, I. Be it enafted by the King and Queen's The feu e- moft excellent Majefties, and with the Advice ral Laws and Confent of the Lords Spiritual and Tempo- againft ral, and Commons in this prefent Parliament Diffenters affembled, and by the Authority of the fame, That neither the Sta- repealed. tute made in the 23d Year of the Reign of the late Queen Eliza beth, entituled, An AS to Retain the Queer! s Majeftfs Subjecls in 23 Eliz, their due Obedience j nor that Statute made in the 29th Year of the cap. 1. faid Queen, entituled, An Acl for the more fpeedy and due Execution 29 Elz. of certain Branches of the Statute made in the 2$d Tear of the Queen's cap. 6. Majeftfs Reign, viz. the aforefaid Aft ; nor that Branch or Claufe of a Statute made in the ift Year of the Reign of the faid Queen, entituled, An Ac~l for the Uniformity of Common Prayer and Service 29 Eliz. in the Church, and Adminiftration of the Sacraments ; whereby all cap. 2. Perfons having no lawful or reafonable Excufe to be abfent are re- § 14. quired to refort to their Parifh Church or Chapel, or fome ufual Place where the Common Prayer fhall be ufed, upon pain of Pu- nifhment by the Cenfures of the Church ; and alfo, upon pain, that every Perfon fo offending fhall forfeit for every fuch Offence twelve Pence. Nor that Statute made in the 3d Year of the late King S f i Jamtf 628 A P P E N. D. IX. 3 Jac. I. James the Firft,. entituled, A .<&? for-.the .better Dtfemering and cap. 4. RepreJpng.'BifipiReciifants: .Nor, th*twa.fter Statute made, -W the 3 7ar. I. fame-Year,' entituled, • 4n-A3 to prevent find avoid Dangers , Parochial or Ward Office, and fuch Per- acl by De- fon fhall fcruple to take ilpon him any of the faid Offices, in re-puty. gard of the Oaths, or* any other Matter or Thing required by, the Law to be taken, or donej- in refpeft of fuch. Office,, every fuch Per fon fhall and may execute fuch Office or Employment by a fuffici- ent Deputy, by him to be provided, that fhall comply, with the Laws on -this behalf ; provided always, the faid Deputy be allowed and approved by fuch Perfon or Perfons in fuch Manner as fuch Officer of Officers refpeftively fhould by Law have been allowed and approved. VII. And be it furtherenafted by the Authority aforefaid, That Perfons in no Perfon Diffenting from the Church of England in holy Orders, or Orders pretended holy Orders, or pretending to holy Orders, nor any Preach- how ex- er or teacher of any Congregation of Diffenting Proteftants, that fhall empted make.and fubfcribe the Declaration aforefaid, and take the faid Oaths,yr«;» 1 7 at the General or Quarter Seffions- of the Peace to be held for the Coun- Car. II. ty, Town, Parts, or Diviiion where fuch Perfon lives, which Courtcap. 2. 13 is hereby impowered to adminifter die fame ; and fhall alfo declare 1 4Car.II. his Approbation of, and- fubfcribe the Articles of Religion mention- cap. 4. ed'iri th'e ^tatuie made in the 13th Year of the. Reign,of the late Q^een Elizabeth, except- the 34th, 35th, and^ 36th, and thefe Words of the' 20th Article, viz. [The Church hath Power to decree 13 Eliz. Rites 'or Ceremonies, and Authority in Controverjies of Faith, andczp. 12. yet\ fliall be liable to any of the Pains or Penalties mentioned in an Aft made in the 17th \ ear of the Reign of King Charles II. enti- S f i tuled, 63° AP B E,,M^I X. '.J- ' • ' '\ :¦ ' t3. "i. 17 Crfr. tilled., An AeJ for ' Refraining Non- Qonformifis fromv inhabiting in II. cap. 2. Corporations-;- nbrthe Penalties mentl&ipff'rn the aforefaid Aft'made in the 2 2d Year*!" his faid late Majefcy's'Reign, foror by-"Reafon of fuch; Perfons Preaching at any' Meeting for the Exercife of Religion. Nor to- the Penalties of 100/." mentioned in' an Aft- made 'in 'the 1 3 & 14 1 3th and 14th of Kifi'g' Charles II. entituled, An AS for tht Uni- Car. II. fortnity of publick Prayers, and admiHiftring'dfSact'aments, and other cap. 4. Rites and Ceremonies i and for '¦ eftdbiijhing the Form if •1makifig,' or daining, and cotifecrattng of Bijbopi, Priefts, and Btdcbks, iii the ,> Church- of England, for- officiating in any Congregation1 for the Exercife of Religion permitted and allowed by this Aft. Taking the f V1IIJ Provided always, that the making and fubfcribinj Oaths to be faid Declaration, and the taking the faid Oaths, arid1 makin| regifter d. Declaration of Approbation arid'Subfcriptidn to the faid Articles; Manner as aforefaid, by every refpeftive Perfon. of Perfons herein before mentioned, at fuch General or Quarter Senfions of the Peace as aforefaid, fhall be then and there enter'd -of Record in the faid Court, for which 6 d. fhall be pay'd to the Clerk of thePeace, and no Meeting more ; provided that fuch Perfon fhall not at anyTime preach in Doors to be^-hy Pl;:ce but with the Doors hot locked, barred, or. bolted, as/ unlocked., aforefaid. IX. And whereas fome Diffenting Protectants fcruple the- Bap- _ tizing of Infants, be it enafted by the Authority aforefaid, That e very ~ Perfon in pretended holy Orders', or pretending to1 holy Or ders, or Preacher or Teacher, that fhall fubfcribe the aforefaid Ar ticles of Religion, except before excepted '; and alfo e&cejb'r. Part of the 27th Article teaching Infant Baptifm, and fhall take, the Qath«, and: make 2nd fubfcribe the Declaratvort'aforefaid, in Ma'nnei afore faid, every fuch Perfon fhall enjoy all the Privileges, Benefits,- and Advantages, which any other Diffenting Minifter,' as aforefaid, might have or enjoy by virtue of this' Aft. '" Teachers x. AhdPbft'it further enafted by the Authority aforefitid, That exempt every Teacher or Preacher in holy Orders, or pretended holy Or- trom Ofi- %. Prifon APPEND IX. 631 Prifon without Ba?l or,;Mainprizer and to certify the Name of fuch Perfon to the next General or. Quarter Seffions of the Peace to be held foir that County, City, Town, , Part, or Divifion, where fuch. Perfon" then refides J and if fuch Perfon fo corn.mitted.ihaU .upon a fecond Tender at the General or Quarter Seffions, refofe to make and fubfcribe the Declaration , aforefaid, foch Perfon refufing fhall be then and there recorded, and lhall be taken thenceforth to all In tents and Purpofe for a Popifh Recufant convift, and fufter accord-r ingly, and incur all, the Penalties and Forfeitures of the aforefaid , Laws. y - .,.,,-, XII. And whereas there are certain other Perfons Diffenters ^a^™ from the Church of England, who fcruple the taking of any Oath, ^0TO ex~ be- it enafted by the Authority aforefaid, That every fuch Perfon empted. j fhall make ,an,d fubfcribe the aforefaid Declaration ; and alfo this Alter' das Declaration of Fidelity following. , , (;J ,,_ to Qua- d A. B. do Jincerely promife,, and 'folemnly declare j before Gad and ker s by the World, that I will be trite and faithful 'to King William and?, Geo. I. Queen Mary. And d do folemnly profefs and declare, that I do from cap. 6. my Heart abhor, deteft, and renounce, as impious and heretical, that Declara- damnable DoBrine and Pofition, That Princes excommunicated, orf^ 0fFi- deprived by the Pqpe, or any Autt>ority of the See of Rome, may de delity. depofed-or fnurdered by their SubjeSs, or any other <_ for one of them. : ' . ^ , XIV. Provided alfo, 'arid' be it enafted'by -the. Authority afore-.. , faid, That until foch Certificate, under the. Hands' of fix, of his Congregation, as aforefaid, be produced, and two, Proteftant Wit neffes come to atteft his being a Proteftant Diffenter, ,or a Certifi cate under the Hands of four' Proteftants, as aforefaid, he produced, the Juftice of the Peace fhall, and hereby is required to take a Re cognizance, with two Sureties, iri the penal Sum of fifty Pounds, to be levied of his Goods and Chatties, Lands and Tenements^ to the Ufe pf the King's and Queen's Majefties, their Heirs and Succef- fdrs, for his producing the fame j and if he cannot give fuch Secu rity, to commit him to Prifon, there to remain until he has produ ced foch Certificate, or two Witneffes, as aforefaid. haws for XV. Provided always, and it is the true Intent and Meaning of Divine m this Aft, That all the Laws made and provided for the Frequent- Service in ing of Divine Servite on the Lords Day, commonly called Sunday, force. fhtall be ftill in force, and executed againft all Perfons that offend againft the faid Laws,, except fuch Perfons come to fome Congre gation, or Affembly of Religious Worfhip, allowed^or permit- ed by this Aft. -,"_a' Papifts XVI. Provided always, and be it further enafti&J by the Autho- excepted. rity aforefaid, That neither this Aft, nor any Claufe, Article, or Thing, herein contained, fliall extend, or "be conftrued to extend, to give any Eafe, Benefit, or Advantage,' fo any Papift or Popifh Recufant whatfoever, or any Perfon, that fhall deny in his Preach- Difturbers ing or Writing, the Doftrine of the bleffed Trinity, as it is decla- of Rtligi- red in the aforefaid Articles of Religion. ous War- XVII. Provided always, and be it enafted by the Authority Jhip, how aforefaid, That if any Perfon or Perfons, at any Time or Times, pumfiied, after the 10th Day of June, do, and foall willingly, and of Pur- § 1 . Geo. pofe, malicicufly, or contemptuoufly, come into any Cathedral, I. Stat. 2. or Parifh Church, Chapel, or other Congregation permitted by cap. 5. §4. this A P P E N D IX. ^33- this Aft, and difquiet or difturb the fame ; or mifufe any Preacher or Teacher, fuch Perfon or Perfons, upon Proof thereof, before any Juftice of Peace, by two br'more fufficient Witneffesyi fhall find two Sureties to be bound by Recognisance in the penal Sum of fifty Pounds, and in default of fuch Sureties fhall be committed to Pri fon, thereto remain till the next General or Quarter Seffions, and upon Cb'nyiftion of the faid Offence, at the faid General or Quar ter Seffions, fhall fuffer the Pain and Penalty of twenty Pounds, to the Ufe of the King's and Queen's Majefties, their -Heirs and Suc- c'effors. XVIII. Provided always, .That no Congregation, or Affembly Place for for Religious Worfhip, .fliall be permitted or allowed by this KGc,WorJhip u until the Place of fuch Meeting fhall be certified to the Bifhop of the be certifi- Diocefe, or to the Archdeacon of that Archdeaconry, or to theed. Juftices of the Peace, at the General or Quarter Seffions of the Peace for the County, City, or Place, in which foch Meeting fhall be held, and regiffer'd in the faid Bifhop's or Archdeacon's Court refpeftively, or recorded at the faid General or Quarter Sef fions, the Regifter or Clerk of the Peace whereof refpeftively is hereby required to Regifter the fame, and to give Certificate there of to fuch Perfon as fhall demand" the fame, for which there fliall be no greater Fee nor Reward taken than the Sum of fix Pence. NUMB.- 6J4 APPENDIX. 10th of SK Anne. N UM-B. II. The Occasional Act, entituled, An- Act for Prejerving the Proteftant Religion ', by better Secu ring the Church oj England, as hy Law eft'ablifihed ; and jor Confirming the Toleration granted to Prote ftant Diffenters by ah Acl, entituled, An A£t for Exempting Their Majefty's Proteftant Subjecfts, Diffenting , from the, Church of England, from the Penalties of certain Laws, and for Supplying the Dejebis thereof ;:. and for the further Securing the Proteftant Succeffion, by Requiring the Praclicers of the Law in North Britain to- take- the Oaths, and fubfcribe -the Declaration therein mentioned. H E R E A S art Aft was made in the thirteenth Year, of the Reign -of the late King Cbarlh the Second, entituled, An Ail for the well Governing and Regu lating of Corporations. And another Aft was made in the five and twentieth Year of the.Reign of the faid late King Charles the Second, entituled, An Acl for the Preventing Dangers which may happen from PopiJh Recu fants. Both which Afts were made for the Sicurity of the Church of England, as by Law eftablifhed. Now for the better Securing the faid Church, and quieting the Minus of her Majefty's Proteftant Subjefts Diffenting from the Church of England, and- rendring them Secure in the Exdrcife of their Religious Worfoip ; as alfo for the further Strengthening the Provifion already made for the Security of the Succeffion to the Crownrin the Houfe of 'Hanover, Be it enafted by the Queen's moll excellent Majefty,, by and with the Advice and Confent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament affembled, and by the Authority of the fame, That if any Perfon or Perfons, after the five and twentieth Day of March, which fhall be in the Year of our Lord one thoufand feven hundred and twelve, either Peers or Commoners, who have, or foall have any Office or Offices, Civil or MiK'tary, or receive any Pay, Sala ry, Fee, or Wages, by reafon of any Patent or Grant from or len der her Majefty,' or any of her Majefty's Predeceffors, or of lier Heirs or Siicceffsrs, or fhall have any Command or Place of Truft from or under her Majefty, her Heirs, or Succeffors, or from any of her Majefty's Predeceffors, or by her or tlieir Authority, or by Authority derived from her or them, within that Part of' Circa f Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales, 6% Town of Ber- ivick upon T entituled, An Aft to prevent the Growth of Schifim, and for the further Security of the Churches of England and Ireland, as 'hy Law . . eftahlijbed. 2S2S "S2S,;38£.H ERE AS by an Aftof Parliament made in the 1 2th Q. bSC& f,>'.':io5c. thirteenth and fourteenth Years of his late Majefty Anne. i&jS \y" •J^ King Charles the Second, entituled, An AB far the ¥jfff,<1^^fdfi Uniformity of Publick Prayers, and Adminiftration of V»^?Y«'y'!Y*^'' Sacraments, and other Rites and Ceremonies ; and for Eftablifhing the Form of Making, Ordaining, and Confecrating Bijhops, Priefts, and Deacons, in the Church of. Eng land, it is amQngft; other Things enafted, That every School-Ma fter keeping any publick or private School ; and every Perfon in ftrufting or teaching any Youth in any Houfe or private Family, as a Tutor or School Mafter, fhould fubfcribe before his or their re fpeftive Archbifoop, Bifoop, or Ordinary of the Diocefe, a Decla ration or Acknowledgment, in which, amongft other Things, was contained, as follows, viz. / A. B. do declare, That I wiil Con form to the Liturgy of the Church of England, as it is now by Law eftablifhed i and if any School-Mafter or other Perfon, inftrufting , or teaching Youth in any private Houfe or Family, as a Tutor or School-Mafter, fhould inftruft or teach any Youth as a Tutor or School-Mafter, before Licence obtained from his refpeftive Arch bifhop, Bifhop, or Ordinary of the Diocefe, according to the Laws and Statutes of this Realm, for which he foould pay twelve Pence only, and before foch Subfcription and Acknowledgment made, as aforefaid, then every foch School-Mafter and other, inftrufting and teaching, as aforefaid, fiiould, for the firft Offence, foffer three Months Imprifonment, without Bail or Mainprize ; and for every fecond and other fuch Offence fhould fuffer three Months Imprifon ment without Bail or Mainprize, and alfo forfeit to his Majefty the Sum of five Pounds. And whereas notwithftanding the kid Aft, fundry Papifts, and other Perfons Diffenting from the Church of England, have taken upon them to inftruft and teach Youth as Tu tors or School-Mafters, and have for fuch Purpofe openly fet up Schcols and Seminaries, whereby, if due and fpeedy Remedy be not had, great Danger might enfoe to this Church and State : For the making the faid recited Aft more effeftual, and preventing the Danger aforefaid, Be it enafted by the Queen's moft excellent Ma jefty by and with the Advice and Confent of the Lord's Spiritual "and Temporal, and Commons in this prefent Parliament affembled, and by the Authority of the fame, That every Perfon or Perfons who fhall, from and after the firft Day of Auguft next enfuing, keep 64& APPENDIX. keep any publick or private School or Seminary, or teach and in- - ftruft any Youth as Tutor or- School-Mafter, within that Part of Great Britain called England', the Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick upon T-weed, before fuch . Perfon or Perfons fhall have. fubfcribed fo. much of the faid Declaration and Acknowledgment, as is before recited, and Jhall. have had and obtained a Licence from the refpeftive Archbifhop, Bifhop, or Ordinary of the Place, under his Seal of Office (for which the Party fhall pay; one Shilling* and . no more, over and above the Duties payable to her Majefty for the fame) andv foall be thereof lawfully convifted, upon an informa tion, Prefentment, or Indiftment, in any of her Majefty's Courts of Record at Weftminfter, or at the Affizes, or before Juftices of Oyer and Terminer, fhall, and may be committed to the common Goal of foch County, Riding, City, or Town Corporate, as afore faid, there to remain without Bail or Mainprize for the Space of three Months, to commence from the Time that fuch Perfon or Perfons fhall be received into the faid. Goal. . --•--"- Proyided always, and be it hereby enafted, That no Lic-ejffe ihall.be granted by any Archbifoop,-. Bifhop, or Qrdijuai^ unlefs ihe.:Perfon or Perfons who fliall foe for the fame, fhall produce a Certificate of his or their having received the Sacrament according to the Ufage of the : Church of England, in fome Parifo Church, within the Space of one Year next before the Grant ief fuch Licenfe, under the Hand of the Minifter and one of the Church-Wardens of the faid Parifh, nor until fuch ^Perfon or > Perfons foall '*ave . taken and fubfcribed the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, and Abjuration, as appointed by Law, and fliall have, made and fub fcribed the Declaration againft. Tranfubftantiation, contained in the Aft made in the.twenty fifth Year of the Reign of King; Charles the Second,,, entituled, An, A3 Jor Preventing Dangers which* may bap- fen from Popifo Reaifcmts, before the faid Archbifoop, Bifoop, or .Ordinary; which- faid Oaths and Declarations, the faid Arch bifhop, ;Bifoop, or Ordinary, are hereby impowered and required toadminfter and receive j and foch Archbifoops, Bifoops, and Or dinaries, are required to file fuch Certificates, and keep an exaft Regifter of the fame, and of the taking and fubfcribing fuch Oaths and Declarations. , And be it further enafted by the Authority aforefaid, That any Perfon who foalNiave obtained a Licenfe, and fubfcribed the De clarations, and taken and fubfcribed the Oaths, as above appointed, and-foall at any Time after, during the Time of his or their keep ing any publick or private School or Seminary, or inftrufting any Youth a,s Tutor or School-Mailer, knowingly or willingly, refort to, or be prefent at any Conventicle, Affembly, or Meeting, with in England, Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed, for the Exercile of Religion in any other manner than according to the Liturgy and Practice of the Church of £,wjand'i or foall knowing; ly. and. willingly be prefent- at any Meeting or Affembly for , the Exercife oi\ Religion,, although the Liturgy, be there ufed, where - her APPENDIX. her Majefty (whom God long preferve) and the Elector of Brunfi County or Place where he foall refide, between the Hours of rnine and twelve in the Forenoon, That he hath conformed to the Church of England, for the Space of one Year before fuch .his' Admiffion, without having been prefent at any Conventicle, Affembly or Meeting, as aforefaid, and that he hath received the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper at leaft three Times in the Year, which Oath foall be there enrolled, and kept upon Record. Provided always, That this Aft foall not extend, or be con- ftrued to extend to any Perfon, who as a Tutor or School-Mafter, fhall inftruft Youth in Reading, Writing, Arithmetick, or any part of Mathematical Learning only, fo far as fuch Mathematical Learning relates to Navigation, or any Mechanical Art only, and fo as fuch Reading, Writing, Arithmetick, or Mathematical Learning, foall be taught in the Englijh Tongue only. And whereas by an Aft of Parliament made in dreland, in the feventeenth and eighteenth Years of his faid late Majefty King Charles the fecond, entituled, An AB for the Uniformity of Publick Prayers, and Adminiftration of the Sacraments, and other Rites and . Ceremonies j and for Eftablijhing the Form of Making, Ordaining, •d^oM' (jonfe&ating of Bijhops} Priefts, and Deacons in the Church of Ireland ; APPENDIX. Ireland ; It is enafted concerning School-Mafters, and other Perfons inftrufting Youth in private Families in Ireland, as in and by the above recited Aft is enafted concerning School-Ma fters and others inftrufting^outh in private Families, in that part of Great Britain called England. And whereas it is reafonable, that where the Law is the fame, the Remedy and Means for en forcing the Execution of the Law foould be the fame ; be it there fore emCfted by the Authority aforefaid, That all and every the Re medies, Provifions, and Claufes, in and by this Aft given, made, and enafted, foall extend, and be deemed, coriftrued, and adjudged to extend to Ireland, in as full and effeftual manner as if Ireland had been exprefly named and mentioned in all and every the Claufes in this Aft. ' 643 T c ? NUMBL 644" ,4 P P E NlfLX. 'U*,. N U M B; 1& ^.'Re.pe.a^,. entituled, An. Ail for, Strm _ the Proteftant Intereft fi&.theje Kingdoms. •;_:; ,;..:' , ;-^* . ... Jp ------ '-¦fllf! ¦ j H E R E A 6 an Aft of Parliament was mad,e in the - tenth Year of the Reign of the late Queen Anne, [entituled, An AB for prefervingthe Proteftant Re-, Iigion by better Jecuring the Church of England as by Law ejiablijhed, and for confirming the Toleration granted to Protefttwt Diffenters, by an Aft, [entitu led, An AB for exempting their Majefty's Proteftant SubjeBs diffent ing from the Church of England from the Penalties of certain Laws ;] and for fupply ing the DefieBs thereof, and for the further Securing the Proteftant Succeffion, by requiring the PraBifers of the Lavs in NcMth Britain to take the Oaths, and fubfcribe the Declaration therein men tioned.'] And whereas part of the faid Aft; as alfo another Aft- herein after mentioned, have been found to be inconvenient ; be it therefore enafted by the King's moft excellent Majefty, by and with the Advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament affembled, and by the Authority of the fame, that the faid recited Aft paffed in the tenth Year of the late Queen Anne, Part of the from the beginning thereof to thefe Words [And it is hereby further AB io A. enaBed and .declared, by the Authority afort faid, that the Toleration cap. z. granted to Proteftant Diffenters.'] And alfo one Aft made in the and the twelfth Year of the. Reign of the late Queen Anne, [entituled, An Schifin AB AB to prevent the Growth of Schifm, and for the further Security of the \2th0fthe Churches gf England and Ireland as by Law eftablifhed] fhall of A. Stat. he, and are hereby repealed, annulled, and made void. 2. cap. 7. provided always,; and be it enafted by the Authority aforefaid, Jhall be re- That if any Mayor, Bailiff, or other Magiftrate, in that part of pealed. Great Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed, or the Ifles di Jerfiey or Guemjey, foall knowingly or wilfully refort to, or be prefent at any publick Meet ing for Religious Worfhip,, other than of the Church of England as by Law eftablifhed, in the Gown, or other peculiar Habit, or at tended with the Enfign or Enfigns of, or belonging to fuch his Of fice, that every fuch Mayor, Bailiff, or other Magiftrate,, being thereof convicted by due Courfe of law, foall be difabled to hold Enfigns of foch Office or Offices, Employment or Employments, and fhall be his Office adjudged incapable to bear any publick Office or Employment what- di fabled /ofoever within that part of Great Britain called England, the Dorrii- hal.i any nion cf Wales, and Town of Berwick upon Tweed, or Ifles of Jer- publick fey and Guernfey. Office. . - ' ' INDEX. Mayor, &c. re- forting to any Con venticle with the INDEX. Dedth, and A ' B H O RR E R S. See Petitioners. Allein, Mr. Jofeph, his Sufferings, Character, page 425. Anabaptifts Addrefs to King Charles II. as mention ed by Lord Clarendon, p 195. fbe Truth of it qfteftiarid, p 196. Their Condition at the Reftora tion, P271. They difovon Venner' 's InfurreBion, p 312. 'Their Sufferings,'' p 3 1 3. Their Addrefs to King James, p 568. Annjeiley, Dr. his Sufferings, p 5 15. Army, Englifo, their Progrefi in Scotland, p 48. Quarrel ber tvjeek them and the Parliament, p 6 1 . Remarks, ibid. They depofe Richard, p 210. And reftore the Rump Parliament, ibid. Their Petition, p 216. See Parliament. Behaviour of the Offi cers, p 244. Afo, 'Mr. Simeon, his Death.and CharaBer, p 378. Affembly of Epifcopal and Prefbyterian Divines, to perufe the King's Declaration, p 289. Affociatiori-to/?tfn^ by the Prince of 'Orange, p 600. Affociations of Minifters in the Country, p 80. Good EffeBs of them,, p 81. Not countenanced by the London Prefoyterians, p 82. Augmentation. See Livings. B BAmpfield, Mr. his Sufferings, P52L Baptifts. .See Anabaptifts. ^arebone'/ Parliament. See Little Parliament. Tt 3 Baxter, 646 WlT^X. Baxter, Mr. refufes the Bifhoprick oj "Hereford, p 300. His 'Beha viour in the Savoy Conference, p 33-3, 336. He and others im- frifon'd, p 419. Apprehended again, p 464, His< farther Suf- ferjpgs* p 480* He is feverely profecuted, ,p 514. , Again, in Prifon, p 5Z6. " His Trial, and fcurrilous Treatment from Jeffe ries, p 539, 54c . Biddle, Mr. the Socinian, fome Aewnt of him, p 130. , Bifoops /«Wto //&£ King at Breda, w/^> InftruBions, p 256. V*« old furviving ones at the Reftoration, p 269., Tranjlations of, ibid. Afeiu o»« created, p 270. W«V Fieius, _^ 276. ^i- _/rVa<2 gf/<&«> Reply to the Prefoyterians Propofals for a Comprehen fion,; p 283. ffo#- Behaviour, p 301 . 7% «r £f«Af j* Parliament, p 320, Their .farther Behaviour, p 382, 411. Several of them refufe to publifh King James'j Declaration, p 589. Their Addrefs, and the King's Anfwer, ibid. Seven of them fent io the Tower, p 590. But acquitted, ibid. They court the Diffenters, p 59 1 , 5 9 z. Remarks, , p 5 9 3 . T^«> Advice^ to .'King James, p 597. Some of them refufe the Oaths .to. King William and. Queen Mary, p 609. Blake, Admiral, his ABions in the Mediterranean, p 1 34. He deftroys the Spanifo Galleons, p 1 73. His Death and CharaBer, ibid. Remarkable Story of him, pi 7 4. His, Body dug up, ' P 35*- Blafphemous Opinions, Ordinance t^ainfi, p 29. Bolton, Dr. Sarnuel, to D^a/A and CharaBer, p 130. Booth, Sir George, his InfurreBion, p 21J. Bolton, Joan, her hard Ufage, P465. _ Bowles, Mr. Edward, his Death and. CharaBer, p 379. Bradfoaw, Serjeant, his Declaration to Cromwell about his diftolving the Parliament, P65. ". ..,,-¦ Bridge, Mr. William, his Death and CharaBer, p 438. Brownrigge, Bifhop, his Death, p 244. Buckingham, Duke of, his Speech fir a Tolerationi p 47Q-.' Burges, Dr. Cornelius, his Death and, CharaBer, p 403. Burnet, Bijhop, of the feveral Parties, in Charles the Second's Reign, P 3«4. 3»S; , , Bury, Mr. Edward, his Sufferings, p 510. Bufhnel, Mr. ejecled, p 114. ,> C CAbal, their CharaBer, p 436. Their ProjeBs to make the King abjohte, p 440. They are attacked by the Parliament, P465- Calamy, Mr. fent to Newgate, but foon released; p 39 1 . His Death and CharaBer, p 405 . , Cambridge Addrefs, P505. Privileges of the Urdverfity invaded, 4 PS62. 4 Cameronians in Scotland, p 533. Capel, Mr. Richard, his Death and CharaBer, p 163. Carter, I N;jD,EX 647 Carter, Mr. William, his Death, page 206. Caryl, Mr. Jofeph, his Death and CharaBerfp 452. Cafe, Mr. Thomas, his Death and CharaBer, p 514'.^ Caftaires, Mr. tortur'd, p 517. Caftlemain, Earl of, his Cenfure of the Church's perfecting the Dif fenters, p 529, 530. Catechifing recommended, p 1 3 5 . Cathedrals, Vacancies in them fill 'd up, p 268. Cavaliers. See Royalifts. Cawton, Mr. Thomas, King CharlesV Letter to him, p 234. His Death, p 246. Chambers, Dr. Humphrey, his Death, p 378. ' ; Charles II. Scots Treaty with him in Holland, p 13. Coaliti ons of it, p 20. He arrives in Scotland, ibid. Is crown d there dp 17. His Oath, ibid. He figns the Covenant and a De claration, ibid. Remarks, p 38; He marches into England with the Scots Army, p 49.. Preparations of the Parliament againft him, p 50. He' marches his Army to Worcefter, p 5 i- ' Is defeated by Cromwel!, Ibid. Efcapes into France, p 52. "He nevleBs the Prefoyterians and turns his Eyes towards the Papiils, p 53. -Plots in his Favour, p 89, 95, 185. Addrefs of the Ana baptifts to him, pil?. The Truth of which is queftion' d, p 1-96. He abjures the Proteftant Religion at the Pyrenees, p 237. P, oofs oj his being « Papift before, p 2 3 3 • But he denies it to. fo reign Proteftants-, p 234. His Letter to the Reverend Mr. Caw ton, ibid.' French Minifters employed 'to write that he is a PrP- teftant, p 235. ExtraB of his Letter to the Houfe of Commons, p 237. Steps towards his Reftdration, p 246. Terms on which the Scots and Englifo Prefoyterians would reftore him, p 249. Remarks, p 2CO. General Monk correfponds with him, p 252. His Declaration from Breda, p 2 5 3 , He is invited home without any Terms, ibid. Owing in Part to Lord Clarendon, p. 254. A Deputation of Lords and Commons, -with fome Mimfiers wait on him at Breda, p 255, ' TheBijhops fend toh'm with hjhuffi- onsfp zc6. He lands, and rides through t»e City to Whitenall, p\6o. His Views, p 277 . AbftraB of his Declaration concert ing Ecclefiaftical Affairs, p 290. Opinion of fome Churchmen con- cerning it, p 298 Acceptable to moft of the Prefoytenaus, p.299. RejeBed by the Houfe of Commons, p3oi. Remarks, ibid His Marriage, P317- Made a Pr^munire to call him a Papiii, p 320. His Speech to his Parliament, '0318, 32°. Hts pre, ' tended Zeal for the Hierarchy, p 349- » ' C "><£» J, °<' '" "' PS tiifts » ^o His Declaration concerning Indulgence, --p 366. His 'Speech to Parliament in fupport of it, p 3S8. He ^fffifi " 'dajeral Toleration, p 4>°- His Management wsth theDfieh- tJ- V4-20. His Defign of governing ubflutclj, ;_p'456. _ His newbeclaration of Indulgence, B 445 &j^«f"t, P40. J, rf/Wkz/W w'^ #' P«rh*mnt, p 446- AndpdhJ^ *J^, Irt againft the WffnUrs^d. llu arbitrary Government^ it 4 648 INDEX. and Declaration about Parliaments, p 504. His Order fir ferfe- euting the Diffenters, p 507 '. His Death and CharaBer, page 534- Charnock, Mr. Stephen, his Death and ChaTaBer, p50n Charters taken away, p 5 1 2, 513.. Remarks, p - 5 1 3 . Cheynel, Dr. his "Death, p 404. Church of England, its low Condition, p 52, 194, 228. Eeftor'd, p 263, 269. It applies to the Diffenters for Affiftance in King - James' j- Reign, p 570, 591, 592. Remarks, p 571, 593. Clarendon, Lord, his high Principles, and Attachment to the Bi- Jhops, p 276. His Speech to the Parliament, p 31 8, 319. Pro- , jwoto /£ Forwardnefs, p 258. Seqaefter'd Clergy reftor'd, p 264. AB for it, p 303. Their Behaviour and CharaBer, P 382, 383, 384,411. r . Clergymen belonging to Cathedrals, whofe Offices were aboUfked, Provifion for their Maintenance, p 31. , ¦' ''-¦ • * College, Stephen, executed, p 506. ... . - ,- ? Collins, .Mr. John, his Death and CharaBer, p 580. Committee of Safety, p zig. Common. Prayer, jj^ Liturgy.1 Commonwealth' Government fet up, p 1. Remarks upon it, p 2. Oppofed by the Levellers, ibid. Anil by the Scats, p 3. Scotland united to it, p 53.' 7fe> Power and wife Gondu8> p 59. /fcr-i thtr Account of their CharaBer, p 65. Sfe Parliament.' Commonwealth Party. .SW Republicans. Comprehenfion,. Prefoyterians addrefs fir it, p 277. TvWr Prfl/>s- y«Zf towards it, p 279. Wgi an? difappointed, p 28-3, 288, 501. Another ProjeB for it, p 413." AbftraB . of tht ¦' Pro pofals, p 414. Quajh'd by the Bifhops, p 418. Farther fruitlefs Attempts fir it, p 462. Attempt in Parliament for it, p 495, 496, 497,613. Remarks, p 620. - ; Conformity, /o Terms of, under the Commonwealth Government, p 58. 72>* 7«-w o/"z> /£)• //&« ^/^ of Uniformity, p 363. . Higher than before the Civil Wars, ibid. Conftitution given up and deftroy ed, p 52;. Conventicle Aft, p 393. Sad Confequences of it ta Minifters and People, P394. The AB revived, p 425. Additional Claufes, p 427. Remarks, p 428. - ., _.;¦ ¦ Convention Parliament in 1660, P252. They invite the^Kiitg home without any Terms, p 253. They are turn'd into a Parliament, p 260. They avow the Juftice of the Civil War, p 261. They give up every Thing the Court defires, ibid. Remarks, p26j. They are -diffolved, ibid. 'Jiti> ,&?i, p 303. Convert INDEX. Convention Parliament in r68€, p 604. .They after fhefdrovfit to the Prince and dPrmrefs of -Orange, ibid. Tfirn'd igtto a Parlia ment, P609. Their Proceedings, p6n. Convocation meets, P338. Ordered, to, review the'Litargy, p 330. The Alterations they made in it, ibid, cif c . , Convocation, in King William'j Reign, their Proceedings, p fji8. Their DifaffeBian, p 6-1 9. Corbet, Mr. Edward, his Death .and CharaBer, p 183. Cornifo, Alderman, executed, p 543. Corporation Aft, p$22. Remarks, p 323. Cofins, Bijhop, his Behaviour in the Savoy Conference, p 335. Remarkable Paffage in his Will, p 3^3. Council ^"State, a nevi one chofen, p tfi. Difmifi'-d hy CrOmwel, P64. Court of King Charles II. their Views tsnth refpeB to a Comprdh.en~ fion, or Toleration, p -276, 380. Their Behaviour, p 301. Their Licentioufnefs, p 422. Their Proceedings to cftallifb arbi trary Power, -p 468. ¦ A Bill in the Houfe of Lords for that Pftr- pofe, ibid. It is dropt, p 469. Cranford, Mr. James, his Death, p 1^4. Crofton, Mr. his Sufferings, p 302. Cromwel, Oliver, reduces Ireland, p 4. His rapid Saecefs, ibid. He and his Army petition fir a Toleration, p8. He marches againft the Scots, p 20. Defeats them in the Battle ^"Duiibar, p 21, 22. Invites the Scots Minifters to return to their Churches, p 22. His Letter to the Governor of Edinburgh Caftle, p 23. Minifters Reply, and his Anfwer, p 24. His Reply to the Governor' s Complaint, p 25. Extrails of more Letters, ibid. Remarks, pz6. He is chofen Chancellor of Oxfordj, P27. His Letter to the Uni verfity thereupon, ibid. Progrefs efhis Army in Scotland, p 48. He defeats the King at Worcefter, p 5 1 . His Letter to the Par liament, ibid. He and his Army quarrel with the Parliament, p6i.- Remarks, ibid. Advifes with feveral about a new Form tf Government, p 62. His ambitious Defigns, ibid. He forcibly diffolves the Lang Parliament, p 63. Difiniffes the Council of State, p £4. Remarks, p 65. He and his Council of Officers affume the Government, p 67. His Form of Summons for a Newt Parliament, ibid. His firft Parliament, call'd the Little Parlia ment, p 68. He is declar'd Proteftor by the Council of Officers, p 72. His Inftalment, p 74. His Oath, ibid. Remarks, p 75, 76. Mr. Baxter'/ Teftimony to his Government, p 78. His firft Council, ibid. State of the Nation at his affuming the Protsftor- fhip p 84. His Grandeur and •wife Management, ibid. He. , gives Peace to the Dutch, ibid. His high Reputation among fit- reign Nations, P85. French Ambaffador' 's Speech to him, ibid. His domeftick Enemies, p 86. His Management of the Cavaliers, ibid. Of the Prefoyterians, ibid. Of the Republicans, p 87. His Friends, p 88. Remarks, ibid. He incorporates Scotland $nd Ireland ivith England, p 89. Pitt of the Royalifts againft bi-m* 649 6£o INiDiaX. him, ibid. He executes the Portugueze Ambaffador' s Brother, s p 90. Calls a new Parliament), and goes in State to the Houfe, ibid. His Speech to them, p 91. His.fecond Speech, to them, •p 92. He appoints them a Recognition of the Government, p 9 J. He diffolves them, p 94. Republicans.//^ again!}, him, ibrdr And., the Royalifts, p95.--.ffM Vigilance, pr>6. ' And' Severity againft the Royalifts by Decimation, ibid. He is' for univerjdl Liberty of Confeience, p 101 . ,. ExtraB if his Speech -.to his Par liament, to that Purpofe, ibid. Bates'* Teftimony to it, p 162. He is for encouraging Learning, p 123. .Appoints new Vifitors for ¦ the Univerfities, - ibid. His Zeal fir the Proteftant Religion? p 125. His Letter to the Pririce of Tarente, p 126. He-ap points Major Generals, p 13,3. rEnterJ _int,o„an Alliance with France, ibid. Sends Blake into the Mediterranean, p 134. Publijhes a- fevere Ordinance againft the old fequefter'd Clergy, p I 38. But is willing to difpenfe with it, p 1 39. Reafons of his Severity againft the Papifts, ibid. He is for encouraging the Jews, p. 140. Heaffifts the Proteftants in the Valleys, p 143. His Let ter to the Duke of Savoy , p 144. He calls u new Parliament, p 149. Affifts the Proteftants of Nifmes, p 160. His Letter to Cardinal 'Mazarine, p 161. Debates about giving him the Title of King, p 163. His Reafons fir declining it, p 165. Re marks, ibid. The Title of Proteftor confirm d to him, p i,68. His fecond Inftalment, p 170. His Grandeur find wife Admini ftration, p 171. His Treaty with France, p 172. He conftitutes an Upper Houfe of Parliament, p. 174. His Sj/eeccb at the Diffo- . lution of the Parliament, p.176. He purges the Army, p 178. And frojeBs an Union of the whole Reformed Intereft, .ibid, Re- figns his Chanccllorfhip of Oxford, p 180. Appoints his Son Hen ry Lord Lieutenant oj Ireland, p 1 8 1 . His only remaining pe- fcendantSj ibid. Succefs of his Arms abroad, p 184. Plot of the ¦ ¦ Fifth Monarchy Men and of the Cavaliers againfi him, p 185. His Sicknefs, p 197. His laft Prayer, ibid. His Death and Bitrial,' p 198. His CharaBer, ibid. As a Soldier, p 199. As a States-Man, p zoo. His publick CharaBer, p20l. His Religion and moral CharaBer, ibid.. His Enthufigfm, p 202. ObjcBions againft him confider d, p 203. In relation to his Dif fimulation and Ambition, ibid. Cruelty, p. 204. Sum of his CharaBer, ibid. Panegyrical Poems on him, p 205. His Body taken up after the Reftoration, p 304. Cromwell, Henry, appointed by his Father Lieutenant c/" -Ireland, p I 8 1 . Some Account of him and his Family, ibid. His Letters to his Brother Richard, p 2 1 1 . His Letter to Fleetwood, p 21 3. 1 More Letters of his, p 215, 307. Cromwel, Richard, chofen Chancellor* of Oxford, p 180. pro claim' d Proteftor, p 208. Calls a Parliament, ibid. Obh\'d by the Army to diffolve them, p 209. He is depot' d A> dde, A>i,-:t, p 2 10. He, quietly rejigns the PrQteBoijbip.,,p 216. He r 568. Exercifed by King James II, p 549. Declar'd le gal by the Judges, p 550. Diffenters, Proteftant [See more under Non-Conformifts] Bill for tieir Eafe, P456. It mifcarries, p 457. Severity of the Court againft them revived, p 464. Their Sufferings, p 464, 465. Bill for eating them withdrawn by the Clerk, p 498. Proceed ings thereupon in the next Parliament, p 502. Their Perfecution reviv'd by Order of the King and Council, p 506, 507. Treatifies in favour of them, p 508. Their farther Sufferings, P510. Their Perfecution compar'd •with that of the Reformers in Queen Mary'* Reign, p 529, 530. The Perfecution reviv'd agqinft them in King James'* Reign, p 538. Some turn from the Church to them, p 544. Progrefi of the Perfecution againlt them, ibid. Their Methods to conceal their Meetings^ p 545. RraCon's of their not writing againft Popery, p 548. They have Liberty by means of the Difpenfing Power, p 549. They are carefs'd by the Court, p 550. The End of their Profecution by the Penal Laws, p 551. Computation of the Number of Sufferers, and Eftimate of the Da mages fuftain' 'd by them, p 554 Reafons of' their Numbers not decreafing, p 555 . A Commiffion of Enquiry into their LoffeS from the Church -party, p 557 They are courted by both' King aitd Church, p 563. Admitted to fierce Offices, p 567. Bufnuillnot generally acknovjledge the Difpenfing Power, ibid. Addreffes of fome of them, p 568, 569. They are jealous of the King's ConduB, p 569. The Church applies to them for Affiftance, with Affdrhn- ces of Favour in better Times, p 570. Prince of Orange'* Advice to them, P57I- Remarks, ibid. Letter to them, p 572. R-ca- fions of their not being for abrogating; the Penal Laws at this Time, p 576. They are courted by the Bi/hops in their Diftrefs, withfizir Promifes, p 591, 592. Remarks, P593. ConduB of the Tui ies towards them fince the Revolution, p 6Z4. Dunbar, Battle of, p 21, 22. Dunkirk defiver'd to the Englifo, p 184. Remarkable Story of Cromwel in relation to it, p 185. Sold to the French by King CharlesII. p 356. ' Dutch War under the Long Parliament, p 60. Cromwel puts an End to it, p 84. Dutch 6$2 INDEX. Dutch War in Charles the Second's Time, p 397. The fecond, p 441; Ended, p 465. Dutch, their Country over-run by the French, p 450. E ECclefiaftical Commiffion ereBed, p 558. Ecclefiaftical Commiffion, to prepare Materials for a Bill of Comprehenfion, p 613. Names of the- Commiffioners, p 614, Their Powers, ibid. Difpute about the Legality oj their Commif fion, P615. Reafons againft Alterations in • Jthe Liturgy, ibid. •And for them, p6i6. Proceedings of the Commpjfioner^p 61 7. Edinburgh Caftle furrender'd, p z6. Ejefted Minifters, their Sufferings, p 375. fo* Mhufters. Names of thofe who furvived the Revolution, p 625, 626. Engagement, a new Oath to the Commonwealth, eftablijVd, p 2. Enforc'd, p 8. To be taken by the whole Nation, p 9. Refus'd hy the Prefoyterians, ibid. Cavaliers eind Sectarians t,ake\ it, p 10. Reafons againft it and for it, ibid. Tender' d to, the Uni verfities, p 26. Epifcopacy, State of, before the Reftoration, p 228. Reftor'd in Scotland, p 343, 344. Againft the King's Mind, p 345. Re ftay'd in Ireland, p 348. Abohjh'd in Scotland^ p 620, 621. Which creates DifajfeBion to the Government, p 62 1. fifad to the Englifo Diffenter s, p622. '., Epifcopalians tolerated by Cromwel, p 77. Exchequer Jhut up, p 441 . Excluficn Bill brought in, p 488. Brought in again, p 495. Again, P502. F FAlfe News, Proclamation againft fpreading it, P451. Field Conventicles, p 533. Fifth-Monarchy Men. See Republicans, Their Plot againft Crom wel, p 185. Their dnfurreBion after the Reftoration, p'310, Confequences of it, p 31 1. Difown' d by the Independants, ibid, By the Baptifts, p 312. And by the Quakers, p 313. Fire of London, p 404. Produces a Sort of-.. Liberty to the Non.- Conformiftf, p 40^. Fitz-Harris'* Sham Plot, p 502. He is executed, p 504. Five-Mile Aft againft Non-Conformift Minifters, p 400. Fleetwood, Lieutenant General, for depofing Richard, p 209, 210. \. Henry Cromwel'* Letter to him} p 213. His Death, p 2 1 5 . Fox, George, an Account of him, p 32. fff* Sufferings, p 34. He is join ' d by others, ibid. French Ambaffador '* Speech to the ProteBor, p. 85. French, their Conquefts, p 41 3. They declare War with the Dutch, and over-run their Country, p 450. French Minifters employ' d to write that King Charles is a Proteltaivt, ' P z35> z36> 237- Their ConduB after the Reftoration, p 348. Fonda- INDEX. 653 Fundamentals of Religion, Attempts to fettle them, p 97. Com mittee to draw th'eih up, ibid. The Articles, p 98. Remarks, p 100. G GAfe, Mr. Theophihis, his Death, and CharaBer, p 487. Gataker, Mr. Thomas, his Death and CharaBer, p 128. Gauden, Bifhop, his Behavjour in the.Sa.yoy Conference, p 335. Gaunt, Mrs. burnt, p/543. Gerhard and Vowel executed, p 89. Goodwin, Mr. John, his Book burnt,, p 308. , Goodwin, Dr. Thomas, his Death and CharaBer, P491. Govan, Captain, .executed in Scotland,, p 346. Government, Remarks on the Change of it, a/»8i Cromwel'*. turning out the LongParli anient, p 65, Gouge, Dr. William, his Death and CharaBer, p 82. Gouge, Mr. Thomas, his Death and CharaBer, p.511. Gunning, Bifhop, his Behqwoicr in the. Savoy Conference, p. 333, 335. His Zeal againft the Non-Conformifts, p 43 1 . Guthrie,, Mr. executed in., Scotland, p 345, 346. H HAckfton, his Execution and invincible Courage, p 533. Hseretico Comburendo, the AB de, repeal' d, p 749. ... Hall, Bifhop, his Death and CharaBer, p 162. Harris, Dr. John, his Death, p 205 . Harris, Dr. Robert, his Death, p 20$. Heads and Fellows of Colleges reftor' d, p 265, 266, 267. Henry, Mr. Philip, his Sufferings, p 510. Herle, Mr. Charles, his Death, p 245. Hewet, Dr. his Trial, p 186. He is condemn' d and executed, P 187. High-Church Clergy, their CharaBer, p 383. Their ConduB, P 5°9- Hill; Dr. Thomas, his Death, p 83. Houfe and Field Conventicles in Scotland, p 53Z, 533. Hughes, M>\ George, his Death and CharaBer, p 41 z. , Humble Petition and Advice, p 166. Article relating to Religion in it, p 167. Remarks, p 169. J JAckfon, Mr. Arthur-, his Death, p 406. Jacoihb, D>-. Thomas, his Death and CharaBer, p 579. Jamaica taken from the Spaniards, p 1 34. Tames II. his firft Speech to the Privy Council, p 536. Univer fities Addreffes to him, ibid. And the Quakers, ibid. He begins his Reign tuith arbitrary and fevei e Methods, p 537. His. Seve rity towards bis Enemies, ibid. Meets his Pen Hament, p 538. His fevere Profecutimt of the Whigs, p 5.1.2. Hi., Speech to his Par- 654 I NiD EX. Parliament, J> 544. An open War, between him and the. Church, p 549J>V:ife careffes ^Diffenters, P55O. EreBs an Ecclefia ftical Commiffion, p 558. His ftanding Army, p 559I He in- ¦iiades the Privileges of the Univerfities, p 562, 563. He courts the Diffenters, p 563. His Speech in Council for Liberty of Con fidence, p 564. His Declaration pf Indulgence, ibid. Remarks, 0566. He goes a Progrefi, p 575. Changes the Magifirates in Corporations, p 575. Goes into rffh and violent Meafures, p 577. Attempts to conviert the Princefis of Orange to Popery, p 5 8 1 . Attempts the Prince, p 583. His Queen declared to be with Child, p 584. His fecond Declaration for Liberty of Confidence, $586. His Anfvjer to the Bijhops, p 589. Remark, p 590. SwfpeBed Birth of his Prince of Wales, p 594. He hai Intelli gence of the Prince of Orange'* Expedition, p 596. His Proceed ings upon it, ibid. He applies to the Bifhops, but wavers, p ggj- His Preparations qgainft the Prince of Orange, p 598. He leaves the Kingdom, p 60 1 . Janeway, Mr. James, his Death, and CharaBer, P463. January 30, AB for the annual Obfervation ofi it, p 304. Jeanes, Mr. Henry, his Death and CharaBer, p 377. Jefferies, his fcurrilous Treatment of Mr. Baxter, p 539, 540. His Cruelties in the Weft, p 541, 542. He is taken and fent to the Tower, p 599. ^ Tenkins, Mr. William, his Sufferings and Death, P528. Jews, the ProteBor for encouraging and admitting them, p 1 40. Arguments for and againft it, p 141. Remarks, p 142. Indemnity, AB ofi, publifhed by the Long Parliament, p 56. Independants, Friends to the ProteBor, p 88. They hold a Synod, and agree upon a Confeffion ofi Faith, p 187, 188, 189. AbftraB of it, p 190. Ofi their Difcipline) Independency of Churches, Or dination of Paftors, and their fimitted fitrifdiBion, p 191. Their Opinion of Synods and Councils, and of occafional Communi on, p 192. Their Sentiments. of Liberty, ibid. Remarks, p 193. Monk'* Letter to them, p 238. Their Behaviour againft Monk and the Prefoyterians, p 242. Their Rij'e, and refo lute Progrefi through the War, p 243. Their State at the Reftoration, pzj\. They difown Venner'* InfiurreBion, p 3 1 1 . Their Addrefs to King James, p 569. .,,,._ Indians, Corporation Jor the Propagation of the Gofipel among them, P l'G- Indulgence, NorirConformifts petition for it, p 385. King Charles'* Declaration concerning it, p 386. Supported by his Speech to the Parliament, p 388, Addrefi vffbe. Commons againft it, p 389. Remarks, p 390. The King moves fir a general Indulgence, p 410. The Parliament petitions againft it, ibid. Another Pro- jeB for A general Indulgence, and how it v-'as refented, p 442. A yew- Declaration cf Indulgence, p 443. Non-Conformifts not forward - to - accept it by the, Difpenfing Power, p 445. King James's. Declaration of Indulgence, p 564. His fecond Declara- 1 * tion i ;:isP d E x. \ tion fir it, p 586. Appointed to be read in all Churches, p 587. With which fome of the Bifhops comply, p 5 88. And others refufe, p 589- Confequence s of it, ibid. Informers againft the Diftenters, p 476. Their Method, ibid. Their infamous Lives and Death, p 477V They are entourag'd by the '., Court, ibid. And by the Bifhops, p 478. tnftrumehtof Government, for the ProteBor, AbfiraB of it, p 72. Articles relating to Religion, p 73. Remarks, p 76. Johnfon; -Mr. his Addrejs to the Proteftant Officers in King James'* Army, and his Sufferings on that Account, p 560. Ireland reduddby Cromwel, p 4. Summary Account of the State of <-. it, p 6. , Ordinance for encouraging Religion and Learning there, p 15.' // is incorporated with England, p 89. Popery revives there, p 309. Epifcopacy reftored there, p 348. Condition of that Kingdom in King James'* Reign, p 56 i. Ireton, Lieutenant General, his Death arid CharaBer, p 56. K KING, Debates about the Title' of , p 163. The ProteBor's Reafons for declining it, p 165. Remarks, ibid. King'* Judges, 'Attainder of, p 304. Trials of thofe that fuffer'd, p 305. Their Execution, ibid. Remarks, p 307. Execution of more of them, p 356. Kirk of Scotland, its low. Condition, p 53. Infulted, p 55. Court- ' ed by General Monk, p 241. Kirk'* Cruelty in the Weft, p 541. Refior'd, p 620, 621. L - - ¦ : , LAmbert, Colonel, imprifon'dinthejt/leqfjerfey, p 304, 356. Langley, Mr. John, his Death, p 182. Law Suits, Attempts to regulate them, p 59. Laws, Motion for tranflating them into Englifh, p 31. Lenthall, Mr. Reprimanded by the Speaker, p 261. L'Efirange, Sir Roger, Account of him, p 473. Letter to a Diffenter, by the Marquis o/Hallifax, p 572. Levellers oppbfe the new Commonwealth, p 2. They are difipers'd, p 3. TLey, Mr. John, his Death and CharaBer, p 377. Libels, feditious, Ordinance againft, p 17. Liberty gr* Cc-nfcience fettled in Scotland, p 54. Voted by Crom wel'* Little Parliament, p 70. Eftabli/hed by his Inftrument of Government, p 73. King James'* Speech in Council for it, p 564. See Indulgence. Licenfe, King Charles'* to a Non-Conformift Minifter, Copy of, p 446. Margin. Lifle, Lady, her Cafe, p 542. Little Parliament, calTd by Cromwel, p 68. Their Proceedings, p 69, &C. They refign their Authority to Cromwel, p 72. Liturgy reftor'd, £263. Review' d, p 339. Alterations made in it, ibid, &C, Other Additions to it, p 342. Sent u, amended to the 6SS 656 I N D E X, the King and Council, and Houfe of Peers, ibid. Farther Alte rations in it propos'd, p '41.5V. i- Livings, poor ones, Augmintatioti-qf, by Tithes and Firft Fruit f, p 1 4. Ordinance for uniting fniall ones, and dividinggr eater, p 122. London, its Charter taktn away, p 512. London Cafes publifh' d, p 523. London, Bifhop ofi fufpended, p 561, 562, Lord's Day, Ordinance for a ftriBei* Obfervation of 'it, p 30. Ano ther •;¦ p 157: Love, Mr. his Trial, p 40. The 'Evidence againft him, p 41. His- Defence, p 43. A remarkable' Incident- relating to bim'i p 46* His Speech- on the Scaffold, p 47V His Execution and '* CharaBer, p 48. Love, Alderman, in the Name- of the Diffenters^ renounces the Dif penfing Power, P 45 5 . Low-Church Clergy; their Charaffer, p 384. Ludlow, Major General, taken into Cuftody, p 149, 150." M MAccail, Mr. his Sufferings and daft Wordi, p 532. Magdalen College, Oxford, its Privileges invaded, p 562, 5&3. Magiftrar.es, Conteflt about EleBion of, p 5 1 e_ Major Generals appointed, p 133. Manton, Dr. his Death and CharaBer; p if&a:- Marriages; Ordinance in relation to them, p 70. AB for confirming them, p 303. Marfoall, Mr. Stephen, his Death and CharaBer, p 147. His Body dug up, p 353. Marvel, Mr. Andrew, writes agabift Parker, p 42 1 . Mary, Queen, Diffenting Minifters Addrefs to her, p 608. Her Anfwer, p 609. A Mafs Houfes pulPd down, p 599. May 29, A3 fir the-AmiinierfaryObfervatimvfi, p 307. May, Thomas, Efq; his Body dug up, p 352. Meal-Tub Plot, p 488. Meetings, feparate, Pamphlets in favour of, p 475. Merchants, Committee of, appointed by Cromwel, for promoting Trade, p 135. Merchants Lefture at Pinners Hall, the Beginning of it, p'451. Milton'* Books burnt, p 308. His Death and ddharaBer,' p 466. Minifters forbid to meddle in Politicks, pi8. Commiffioners fir Ap probation of Minifters, p 102, 103. See Tryers.' Ordinance for ejeBing fcandalous Minifters, p I 1 1 . InftruBiom of the Commif fioners, p uz. ObjeBions againft it, p 113. Commiffioners fir Wales, p 115, &c. See Wales. Minifters, Prefbyterian, wait on the King at Breda, p 255. Their Addrefs and Reception, ibid. 3 Minifters, INDEX 657 Minifters, Non-Conformift, fame of them quit their Livings, p $69. EjeBed by the A3 of Uniformity, ibid. Their Hard/hips greater than the Papifts at the Reformation, p 370. And than the Leydlifts in the Time of the Civil War, ibid. Comparifon be tween them and the new) Preachers, p 372. The Condition of others ^p 373. DoBor Bates'* Account, p 374. Their Sufferings, P375. Mr. Baxter'* Account, ibid. Other Accounts, p 376. They venture to preach publickly during the Plague, which brings them under farther Hardfhips, p 398. Some few of them take the Oath in the Five-Mile AB, p 40 1 . The Generality refufe it, and' go into Banifhment, p 402. Their Names regifter'd in the- Bifhops Courts, p 403. Their Diftrefs, p 432. Their Ad drefs to the Prince of Orange, p 602. Their Addrefs to him after he was made King,- p 606. And to Queen Mary, p 608. Monarchy turn'd'into a Commonwealth, p I . Monk, General, reduces Scctland, p 53. He marches into Eng land for a Free Parliament, p 219. Continues his March, p 220. Abjures the King, and fwear s to be true to the Com monwealth, p-22l. He enters the City, ibid. Pulls down' the Gates, but is recondled, p 226. He refiores the Jecluded Mem bers, tp-zzq. - His CharaBer, p 229. His Letter to the In dependants, p 238. His Letter to the Parliament, p 240. He courts the Prefoyterians, ibid. And the Scots Kirk, p 241. He correfiponds with the King, p 252. Monmouth** Rebellion, p 540. AffeBs the Diffenters, p 541. Executions in the Weft on account of it, ibid. Montrofs, Marquis of, executed, p 19. Moreton, Bifhop, his Vindication, p 195. Morley, Bifhop, his Behaviour in the Savoy Conference, p 335, .1,.- . N NAg'sHead Club, Story ofi, p 194. Confuted, p 195. Nation, State ofi, when Cromwel affum'd the Government, p 84. Unhappy State of , in Charles the Second's Reign, p 433, 479. State of, at King James the Second's Accefflon, p 536. Naylor, James," Account of him, p 154. His Sufferings, p 156, Newcsmen, Mr. Matthew, his Death, p 424. Nimeguen, Peace of, p 483. Nifmes, the ProteBor affifts the Proteftants there, p 1 60. Non-Qonformifts, the Beginning of their Perfecution, p 302. Me* thods for that Purpofe, ibid. Their Hardfhips before the A3 of Uniformity, p 343. Their Sufferings after, p 375. Their Views, p 380. They petition fir Indulgence, p 385. Their Hardfhips from the Conventicle AB, p 394, 396. Their cau tious ConduB, p 395. They fiet up Meetings, p 405. ProjeB of a Comprehenfion for them, P4I3- Propofals of an Indulgence for fuch as could not be comprehended, P418. The Perfecution againft them reviv'd, p 419. Methods ofi it, p 429, They are not forward to. accept of an Indulgence by the Difpenfing Power^- Voi-IY, V « P44S* 658 IN'DiEX. p 44 5, Sufbmary ofi the Penal Laws againft them, p 461^ Attempts for an Accommodation fruftrated by tfie Bifhops, P 467." ^People begin to compaffto-nate^ their Sufferings^ p 468. Their- Principles and PraBices, p, 474. pamphlets publifhed in their Defence, p 475. See more under Diffenters. Non-Conformift Mipiftersl See Minifies. ,. , Non-Jurors, their Rife, p 609, 610. Their PraBices, p 617. Non-fobfcribing Lpyalifts,, AB fir Relief of , p 393., t Nye, Mr. Philip, his Death find CharaBer, p 453. -,.-... ' 'O"" ."' , ,.. :' OAtes, TituSj Proceedings againft Hm fir Perjury, p. 537., - Qccafional Conformity, Rife if , P39"- Occafional Conformity Bill, p 624- Appendix, Na II. Orange, Prince of, made Stadtholder, p 45 eft His Braveryl and Succefs' againft the French, ibid. His' Marriage with the Princefs Maty, p 479. His , Advice to the Diffenters, p 571. Rip Reply to King J ames rofqut ¦ the Penal Laws and Teft, p 583. His Expedition, p 595.- His Declaration, p 59§- His Progrefi, p 600. His Anfwer to the Diffenting Minifters Addrefs, p 603. He and his Princefs- proclaimed King .and Queen, p 604, 605. Remarks, p 605 . See -William. Orange, Princefs of, King. James endt&poqrs to convert her to Po pery, P58L Her Reply, P58Z.. See Mary. Ordinance againft feditious Libels, p-_ 17. t For taking qvoay tht Penal Laws, p 28. For fuppreffmg V~i_ce and Prophanenefs, p 28, 29. Againft blafphemous Opinions, p 29. . per-,a ftriBer Ob fervation of the Lord's- Dayt p 30, 157, fn. relation to Mar riages, p jo. For appointing ., Comtnijfioners for , Approbation of ¦publick Preachers, p 102. For ejeBing fcandalous Minifters, p iii. ObjeBions againft it, p 113. For uniting fmall Li vings, and dividing gre/iter,rp 122. Againft the old jimiefter'd Clergy, p 138. Againft Papifts, p 158. Owen, Dr.- John, his Depth and CharaBer, P523» Oxford Decree, p 519. Oxford Parliament, p 501. .-'.-,, Oxford, Heads of Colleges there, find to the Prince of Orange and. Jign the Affociation, p 600. P PApifts, Reafons of the ProteBor's Severity againft them, p 139.' Ordinance againft them, p ~I5"8. Their Oath, ibid. Their ExpeBations at the Reftoration, p 271. Their. Vie 38'- The Commons" addrefs the King againft them, p 458, 465. Their Infolence, p 470. AB to dijqualify them to fit in Parliament, p 485. Many of them in King James's Army, p 578. Parker, Bifhop, writes for the Court, p 578. Parliament, new Model of, in Cromwel'* Inftrument of Government, P.72- Parlia- INDEX. 659 Parliament, calfd the Rump Parliarnent, fet up a Commonwealth Government, pi. Their, Meafures to fupport their Authority, P II. 'They Vindicate their Proceedings, p 12. State of Reli gion under them, p 18. Their Preparations againft the King and the Scots Artnf, p 50. They publifh an AB of Indemnity, and chufe a new Council of State, p 56. Their War with the Dutch, p 60. Quarrel between them and the Army, p 6 1 . Cromwel diffolves them by Force, p 63. Their CharaBer, p 65. They are reftor' d, p2lo. Tui-n'd out again, p 218. Reftor' d again, p 220. The fecluded Members reftor d by Monk, p 223. Pro ceedings of the Parliament hereupon, p 224. They reftore Prefby tery, p 225. They diffolve themfelves, p 226. Parliament, Crbmv/el's firft, called the Little Parliament. See Little. Parliarnent, Cromwel'* fecond, p tjo. His Speech to them, p 9 1 . Their Proceedings, p 92. The ProteBor's fecond Speech to them, ibid. ATefi, or Recognition appointed them, p 93. Their far ther Proceedings, ibid., They are diffolv'd, p 94. The Prote Bor's Speech at tfeir Diffolution, p I O I . Parliament, Cromwel'* third, p 149. They are oblig'd to recogf nixe the Government, p 150. Their ABs, p 151. Their far ther Proceedings, p 157, 163, &c. An Upper Houfe appointed, PI74. Bad Conjequences of it, p 175. They are diffolved, p 176. Parliament, Richard Crpfnwkl'*, p 208. The Army compel bind ta diffolve them, p. 209. Parliament, King Charles's firft. See Convention. Parliament, 'King Charles'* fecond, their CharaBer, P318. Their ABs, p 319. A farther Account of them upon paffing the AB-of Uniformityf-p3$8, 367, 38 1. They begin to open their Eyes, and. vote againft the Difpenfing Power, p 454, 455. They addHfs the King againft Papifts, p 458, 465. They are diffolved, p 485. Parliament, King Charles'* third, p 487. They bring in the Bill of Exclufion, and are diffolved, p 48 8'. Parliament, King Charles's fourth, their Proceedings, -p 495. They bring in the Bill of Exclufion a fecond Time, ibid. Their Votes, p 498. They are diffolv d, p 498, 501. Parliament, King Charles's fifth, meets at Oxford, P501. 'Re-vibe the Bill of Exclufion, and their farther Proceedings, p CfiX. Are fuddenly diffolv'd, p 504. Parliament, King James the' Second's, p 538. Their Proceedings, ibid. They are diffolved, p 544- Parliament, King William'*. See Convention. Parfons, Mr. his Sufferings, p 302. Paffive-Obedience . Petitioners and Abhorrers, p49l^492v , „ , «&. j-i Piedmont, Sufferings ofi the Proteftants there, p 143. They are af fifted by Cromwel, ibid. Plague, th$ great One, p 397. . ,. , ,'-. ,i.'k'->-'J~ '". Polyglott S^ile publifhed, p 1791, ¦•,.' ; ¦; .» ' Pool, Mr. Matthew, his Death and Charafter, p 49* Popery revives in England, . p 309, 350. Akd, iri Ireland, ; -p 309. Its Growth in England, p 438. Caufts of.it, p. 439. Remedies propofed, by the Parliament againft it, ilptd. Its Progrefi, p 546. Clergy forbid to preach againft it, p 547. . But ibvy itsnteagainft it, ibid. Reafons of the Diffenters -w* writing againft it, p 548. Popifo Plot, P483. Alarms the Nation, but not credited at Court, p 484. Remarks, p 486. • j Pordage, Dr. ejeBed, p 113, 114- .'-.'---•¦-.- Portugueze Ambaffador' '* Brother executed, p 90.- ysn.i.1- ."'. >'^yj Powel, Mr. Vavafor, his Sufferings, Death and CharaBer, p 448. _ Prefoyterian Government eftablifh'd, p 15. Endeavours to fupport it, p 97. Reftor'd, P225. -Abol^fidd at the Refutation, 14(263, 269. Reftor'd in Scotland, p 621. , ,- v .-, <* j-.\n--gc : Prefoyterian Plot againft the Parliament, p 39... q ,.--\vnv.-. ''. ¦ - Prefoyterians, their ConduB towards the Gommoippjeatek, Government, p 7. They refufe the. Engagement n p 9. Pxoeeedingsdagainfl them, p 26. Their State under. Qromwfel, p 79. Copies' of Te- fiimonials to Minifters, p 79, 80. They, are Enemies to Crom wel'* Government, p 86. They are . for Reftoring die King, p 217. They are in full Poffeffion of the Nation, p 225, 247. Are courted by Monk, p 240. * Terms on which th^y would reftore the King, p 249. Their vain ExpeBations. from the .Court, p 250. A Deputation of their Minifters wait on- the-\King at Breda, p 255. Their Minifters made King's Chaplains, p 262. They addrefs fir a Comprehenfion, p 277. AbftraB of their firft Paper ofi Propofals, p 279. Their Reception, p 283. ,L AbftraB of their Defence of their Propofals againft the Bifiops, p 287. The Beginning ofi their Sufferings, p e8iS, They.apfly to the King, ibid. AbftraB of their fecond Paper ofi Exceptions and. Requefts, p 295. The King's Declaration acceptable to mod ofi them, P 299. Some accept of Preferment's, p. 300. dfhty (ire in De- fipair upon the Commons rejeBing the King's -DeclaratioB, p 301. Their Troubles, p 314. Sham Pilots father' d uponvthem, p 320. 392,, 488, 502. Their Har.dfidps in the •;, Savoy -Coifeuence, p 336. They defend to Intreaties, £:333.:- Behaviour: of their Divines in the Conference, p 336. Their Hard/hips 'before the AB of Uniformity, p 343. Their ConduB after the AB, p 367. Their Difficulties, p 368. See N;PF^Gp.nforji»ifts.««AIibtfferiter5. Proteftant Intereft, Union ofitprojeBed hp. Grorrtwt;!, p. 17&:' Pro- - -teftanis turn' d out, and Papijis put intodiffistsby King James, p 578. Pro- INDEX. 661 Provincial Affembly VLondpn, their Proceedings, 0135. Puritans, the Name chang' d into that ^"Proteftant Non-Conformifts, P 380. ! -' ' ' Pyrri, Mr. his Body dug up, p 352. QUakers, their Rife, p 32. Firft calPd by that Name, and why, p 34. Their Behaviour, p 35. Their DoBrines, p 36. Their Hiftory continu'd, p 153. Their Extravagancies, p 154. 'They addrefs King Charles, and declare their Innocence, p. 313. .They petition for a Toleration, p 353. AB againft them, t ibid. Their Sufferings, p 354, 396. Their Courage, p 432. - Their farther Sufferings, p 510. They purge themfelves of the Rye-Houfe Plat, and declare their Sufferings, p 518. Their Addrefs to King James upon his Acceffion, p 5 36. A Summary Account of their Sufferings, p l^z, 553. Their Addrefs of Thanks for King James'* Indulgence, p 569. Queen-Mother at Somerfet-Hoafe, p 355. R RAlphfon, Mr. his Sufferings, p 522. Recognition of the Government imped d by Cromwel upon his Parliament, p 93. Religion, State of, under the Rump Parliament, p 18. Articles relating to it in Cromwel' * , Inftrument ofi Government, p 73. Affairs of, in his Time, p 97. - Committee to draw up the Fun damentals of it, ibid. Article relating to it in the1. Humble Pe tition and Advice, p 167. State of it after the Reftoration, p 354. ¦ Republicans, two Sorts of, and Cromwel'* Management of them, p 87. They plot againft him, p 94. Reftoration of King Charles II. p 246, &c. Of the Times before it, p 271. Of the Times after it, p 273. Reynolds, Bi/hap, his Behaviour in the Savoy Conference, p 335. His Death and CharaBer f p 1 478. Rofewell, Mr. his Trial] p 527. He is condemn' d, but pardon' d, p 52.8. Rowe, Mr. John, his Death and CharaBer, p 48 1 . Royal Family, State of, p 126. Royal Society, Original of, p 1 8 1 . Royalifts, Crbinwel'* Management of them, p 86. Their Plots againft him, p 89,95/185. His Severity againft them by Decimation, p 96. Ruffel, Lord;- beheaded, p 516. Rye-Houfe Plot, p 515. Non-Conformifts cbargd with it, p 5 1 7. Quakers purge themfelves of it, p 518. S SAIkeild, Mr. bis Sufferings , p 522. Sancroft, Archbifhop, his circular Letter to, his Clergy, p 159. Savoy ConfeHion. See Independants. Savoy 662 I N tf:E X. Savoy Conference, p 325. Nantes of thdj)ivines on hoth- Sides', p 325, 326. Opening -of the Conference,' p 327.' Hardfbiph of the Prefoyterians in if, p 328. Proceedings of the C°tnmiffi- oners', p 329. A Difiputatiotd propbfed, p 330. The- Subje& of it, p 33 1 - Remarks, p 333. The Prefoyterians defend to In- treaties,. ibid. Behaviour oj ''the Commiffioners, p 334. Of the Difputants, -p i^f. Ofi the Auditors, p 336. Cenfures of the Conference, P'337- Schifm Bill, p 624. Repeat d by King- George I. P62-5. S« Appendix, N° III: and IV. '-/ Scotland, PVogrefi ofi the Englifh Afntj there, p 20, 48. Entikely reduddby Monk, and united to thd- Commonwealth of Englahd, p 53. Low Condition of the Kirk there, ibid. Liberty of Con fidence fettled there, p 54. And the Kirk infulted, p 55! '.State cfScbtland at that Time and afterwards, ibid. It is iniorpfra- ted with England; p 89. Epifcopacy reftor'd iherefp 343, &C Summary of the Perfecution there, p 531. Proceedings of the Go* vernment there, p 532'. WhicB' occafions 'an' InfitrreBion, ibid. Of Houfe and Field Conventicles there, p 532, 533. EffeBs oj the Perfecution there, p 533. Affairs of , in King James's fieign, p 560. His Declaration-there, p 1566. Prefbytery reftor'd, p bzt. Scots, their Declaration againft the Englifh, p '1 1'. "Their Treaty •with the King in Holland, pi3- Conditions of it, p 20. Crom wel marches againft them, ibid. Defeats them in the Battle of DUnbaiy p 21, 22. Their Minifters invited by him to return to their Churches, with what paffetfthereufon, p 22,' &c. Remarks upon z'ryp'26. Their Army under the King marches into England, p 49. And are defeated at Worcefter, p 51. Low Condition ¦ of their Kirk, p 5 3 - 1 Terms on' which they' would reftore the King, P249. . Scots Bifhops, new" one's made, p 344, 345. Their- CharaBer, P347> 53*- Scoti Preftyt'erianB,- their CharaBer, p 3 46. Their Sufferings, p 5 3 1 . Seaman, Dr, Lazarus, his Death and CharaBer, p 412. Sedgwick, Mr. 'Obadiah, his Death, ,p 183. Sees, vacant ones, Debates about filling them, p 2,29. Difficulties that attended it, ibid. SundryExpedients profos d, ibid. Remarks, P231. Selden, Mr. his Death and CharaBer, p\z~. Shaftfoury, Earl ofi, dejerts the Cabal, p 456. Is fient to the Tower, p 506. Sheldon,- Archbifhop, a Promoter of the AB of Uniformity, his Cha raBer, p 366. Account of the Proceedings at the Opening of his Theater, p 423. His Letter to the 'Bifhop. againft the Non-Con formifts, p 430. Another, p 4(3 7. "His Death, p 480. Shorter, Sir John, Lord Mayor, his Behaviour, p 576. Solemn League and Covenant declar'd illegal, „p. 3 19. Sons of the Clergy, Originafiof the: Socic'tfjSd, p 145 . Spa'nifh Plate Fleet taken, p 152. ' Another deftroy'd,' p 173. Spurftow, Dr. William, his Death and CbardBer, p 406. Stand-! INDEX. Standing Army, King James5*, p 5 59.,, Mr. Johnfon'* Letter to them, p 560. New model? d by the Admiffion gV"Papifts, p 578. Staunton, Dr. Edmund, his Death and CharaBer, p 447. Stillingfleet'* Irenicum, p 314. ExtraBs from.it, p 315, &c. He virites againll the Diffenters,;p. 499. Various Anfiwers toMm, ibid. Strfitton, Mr. Richard, his Sufferings, p 522. Strong, Mir. William, his )Beath and CharaBer, p 129. Hit Body dug up, p 353. Stuarts, £nd of the Male Line of, 601. Swaffield, Mr. Jofeph, his Sufferings,