)i Ai $tiiiL~. FARTHEST TO THE FRONT AT GETTY. AND CHICKAMAUGA LAST AT WPPOWTOX *, "I give tke/i Books: \ for the founding ef a. College' in-this Colony' ll BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE PERKINS FUND 1902. Copyrighted. From "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War." By permission of The Century Co. THE BOMBARDMENT OF FORT FISHER, JANUARY 15, 1865. TAKEN FROM LITHOGRAPHS. HISTORIES SEVERAL REGIMENTS AND BATTALIONS NORTH CAROLINA GREAT WAR 1861 -'65. WRITTEN BT HEHBERS OP THE RESPECTIVE COttttflNDS EDITED by WALTER CLARK, (Lieut. -Colonel Seventieth Kegiment N. C. T. ) VOL. V. WITH INDEX. PUBLISHED BY THE STATE. NASH BROTHERS, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, GOLDSBORO, N. C. 1901. DEDICATION. IN THE NAME OF THE MORE THAN 135,000 SOLDIERS, LIVING AND DEAD, WHOM Ubts State SENT TO THE FRONT IN ONE OF THE GREATEST AND MOST UNEQUAL CONFLICTS RECORDED IN HISTORY, THESE VOLUMES, FRAUGHT WITH TH E£TESTIMONY OF COMRADES TO IMMORTAL COURAGE, ARE INSCRIBED TO THE Iberotc Women of IRortb Carolina, WHO INSPIRED OUR CITIZEN SOLDIERY BY THEIR FAITH IN GOD.'BY.THEIR MAGIC INFLUENCE AND IMMEASURABLE GOOD WORKS, AND TO ftbeir jfair H>augbters, WHOSE UNSHAKEN FIDELITY HAS PRESERVED THE FAME OF ©ur ©lorious H>ea&. WITH SUCH TO INSPIRE THE LIVING AND HONOR THE FALLEN THE MEN OF NORTH CAROLINA WILL EVER BE Bqual to UMctorg— Superior to 2)efeat. C0NTE/1TS. PAGE. Dedication, in Review and Conclusion, by the Editor vn List of Historians and Contributors, by the Editor xvm Number op Troops from North Carolina, by the Editor 1 Number of Generals from North Carolina, by the Editor ... 3 Generals Commissioned by the State, by Lieut. E. A. Thome. . . 5 North Carolinians on Military Courts, by the Editor 8 General and Field Officers Killed, by Lieut. E. A. Thome. . . 9 Where North Carolina Troops Stationed November 1861, by Brigadier- General J. 67. Martin 13 Deeds of Daring — Six Heroes, by Lieutenant- General D. H. Hill.. 15 Other Deeds of Daring, by the Editor 17 A North Carolina Heroine, by Colonel S. D. Pool 19 CAPTURES AND BATTLES. Capture of Forts Before the War, by Colonel Jno. L. Cantwell.. 23 Battle of Manassas, by Brigadier-General T. L. Clingman 29 The Fall of Hatteras, by Major Thomas Sparrow 35 Chicamacomico, by Lieutenant- Colonel E. C. Yellowley 55 Loss of Roanoke Island, by Hon. Burgess S. Gaither, C. 8. Congress, 57 Fall of Roanoke Island, by Lieutenant- Colonel E. R. Liles 63 Sharpsburg, by Lieutenant- Colonel Walter Clark 71 Battle of White Hall, by Colonel 8. D. Pool 83 Flank March at Chancellorsville, by Brig. -Gen. J. H. Lane. . 93 The Wounding of Jackson, by Adjutant Spier Whitaker 96 Another Account, by Captain A. H. H. Tolar 98 Longstreet's Assault at Gettysburg, by Maj. W. M. Bobbins. . 101 Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg, by Captain Louis 67. Young, A. A. G 113 Pettigrew's Charge at Gettysburg, by Lieutenant- Colonel John T Jones 133 The Pettigrew-Pickett Charge, by Captain S. A. Ashe 137 Defence of Fort Wagner, by Adjutant E. K. Bryan and Sergeant E. H. Meadows 161 Chicamauga, by Captain C. A. Cilley, A. A. G., U. S. A 169 Capture of Plymouth, by Major John W. Graham 175 Second Cold Harbor, by Brigadier-General This. L. Clingman. . . . 197 Reams Station, by Major Charles M. Stedman 207 The Thin Gray Line, by Brigadier-General Bradley T. Johnson . . . 213 Defence of Fort Fisher, by Colonel William Lamb 217 The Surrender at Appomattox, by Major-General Bryan Grimes, 247 iv Contents. The Return from Appomattox, by Lieutenant W. A. Montgomery 257 Last Fifteen Days of Baker's Command, by Private James M. Mullen 269 A Battle After the War, by Private R. Z. Linney 285 NORTH CAROLINA IN THE NAVY. Confederate Vessels in North (Jarolina, by the Editor 298 North Carolina Navy, by Paymaster Adam Tredwell 299" The Ram Albemarle, by Adjutant Gilbert Elliott 315 Capture of the Underwriter, by Commander B. P. Tjoyall 325 The Steamer Ad-Vance, by James Maglenn, Chief Engineer 335 Running the Blockade, by Rev. Dr. Moses D. Hoge 341 The Shenandoah, by An Officer Thereof 345 Fight with Blockaders, by Colonel William Lamb 351 Blockade Running, by Parser James Sprunl 353 North Carolina's Financial Operations in England, by Com missioner John White 453 North Carolina's Record, by Governor Z. B. Vance 463 Parole List at Appomattox, 482 Comments on Parole List, by the Editor 573 addenda. First North Carolina Soldier to Die, by Private R. H. Bradley 578 Sixth Regiment at Manassas, by Captain B. F. While 581 Report of Sharpsburg Battlefield Commissioners, 587 First Regiment at Gettysburg, by Sergeant C. W. Rivenbark. . . 595 Unparallelled Loss, by Captain R. M. Tuttle 599 Capture of Cemetery Hill at Gettysburg, by Captain N. W. Ray 605 Incident at Gettysburg, by Col. T S. Kenan, C. S. A., and J. B. Callis, U. S. A 611 Flanner's Battery at the Crater, by Captain H. 67. Flanner. . .. 615 Prisoners Under Fire at Morris Island, by Sergeant- Major C. M. Busbee 619 Twenty-Sixth Battalion, by The Editor 626 Company B, Tenth Virginia Cavalry, by Sergeant H. R. Berrier 627 The Home Guards, by Colonel James R. Cole 629 Home Guards Face Stoneman, by Colonel T. George Walton 635 Hillsboro Military Academy, by Cadet Captain William Cain . . . 637 Hillsboro Military Academy, by Cadet J. George. Hanna 643 N. C. Military Institute, by Brigadier-General J. H. Lane 645 University of N. C. in the War, by Dr. K. P. Battle 647 The Last Battle and the Last Surrender by Lieutenant- Colonel W. W. String field 653 Supplement to Appomattox Parole List 657 Corrections 661 Index to Appomattox Parole List 683 Index to Illustrations 719 General Index ¦ 729 REVIEW AND CONCLUSION. The last line of these five volumes having now been printed it is proper to write a few lines in review and farewell to be prefixed to this, the last volume. The origin, the purpose and the scope of this work have been stated in the Preface to Vol. 1. and need not be re peated. In the classic tongue of historic Greece the word oida, I have seen, is at the same time both the perfect tense of the verb eido, I see, and the present tense of the verb I know. That is, "what I have seen I know." It is upon this idea that this work has been compiled. The narrative is not by one historian writing at second hand from information de rived from many sources. But herein the narratives are by participants who have written from the personal knowledge of themselves or of their immediate comrades and largely of scenes of which they were eye witnesses. Their contributions have been laboriously gathered by them from conference, or correspondence, with surviving comrades and diligently compared with the original reports published in the "Official Records of the Union and Confederate Ar mies." As a further assurance of accuracy these sketches were printed in the newspapers and criticisms and correc tions requested. It may be stated here that the dates affixed are mostly arbitrary for the majority of the regimental sketches were written in 1895, hut being revised again and again down to the time each went to press, the date 9 April, 1900 or 1901, was affixed to those organizations from the Army of Northern Virginia and 26 April to those from the Army of the West, these being the anniversaries of the surrender of the respective armies. A few articles writ ten by persons who died before the beginning of this work have been reproduced where the name of the writer or the subject matter has given them special interest, The writers herein number 180 and represent every grade in the Army from Lieutenant General to private, and em brace not only men who have filled almost every vocation in viii Review and Conclusion. life since the war but those who have occupied every civil office from TJ. S. Senator and Governor to constable. Farmers, lawyers, preachers, physicians, manufacturers, teachers, edi tors, day laborers have each and all freely contributed their time and labor to preserve herein the memorials of what their comrades did and suffered at the command of North Carolina during those four eventful years the memory of which can never be forgotten. Among the brave men who have traced the lines in these volumes are soldiers who heard the first shriek of shell at Bethel in the first real battle of the war 10 June, 1861, and whose ears caught the patter of minies as Cox's brigade fired the last volley at Appomattox 9 April, 1865 and who missed but little of the music of war between those dates. Among these writers are some who heard the opening guns at Sum ter 13 April, 1861 ; many who heard the crash of A. P. Hill's musketry on that sultry summer's eve as he drove back Burn- side at Sharpsbnrg and who listened to the long, low mono tone of artillery at Gettysburg so steady and unbroken as to seem the prolonged reverberation of a single broadside ; eyes now dim saw the Southern night lightened with shell and mor tar over doomed Vicksburg; limbs now stiff stepped fast and cheerily as the echoes of Jackson's cannon rolled along the silver Shenandoah. Such another gathering can not be found in any other work and could not be duplicated now for nearly one in every ten has passed beyond the pale since their articles were penned. Their comrades of whose deeds they wrote sleep, many of them, where the Georgian pines are bare, others by the Mississippi, the Cumberland, the Ohio, the Kanawha and where Potomac's breezes whispering low soothe many a soldier's endless sleep. With a devotion to duty, only to be expected of such men, they have written these volumes and deserve the grateful re membrance of their countrymen for this scarcely less than for the gallant deeds they aided to perform and which but for their pens would have been unrecorded. While these articles have been necessarily written from the standpoint of each writer which by a natural law makes each object and event near us seem larger and more impor- Review and Conclusion. ix tant than those farther off, still there has been a strenuous and painstaking effort to be accurate and truthful to the smallest detail. The work of such men could not be other than reliable. Any errors come from the lack of perspective incident to every narrative by an eye witness. The articles are 254 in number exclusive of 165 pages em braced in the three Indexes, i. e. Index to Appomattox Pa role List, Index to Illustrations and the General Index. These Indexes include some 17,000 names, a very large part. of which are cited more than once. The history of each of our 84 regiments (which includes the ''Bethel" Regiment) is written by a member thereof except the sketches of four of the Senior Reserves Regiments and two of theDetailed men of which no survivors could befound. The history of each of our twenty-six Battalions is alsogiven. The history of each brigade is written by a member thereof and a valuable series of Battles, giving North Carolina's part therein is furnished by participants on the respective occasions. The articles on Gettysburg by Major W. M. Bobbins, Captain Louis G. Young, Captain S. A. Ashe and Lieutenant-Colonel John T. Jones as to the assault on Cemetery Ridge and by Captain N. W. Ray on the capture of Cemetery Hill are of exceptional value. An ac count of North Carolina's share in the Navy is herein pre served including the story of the cruise of the Shenandoah, commanded by a gallant North Carolinian who flew the Confederate battle emblem at her mast head till 6 Novem ber, 1865, nearly seven months after Lee's surrender. The experience of prisoners of war is graphically told in cluding an account of those who were exposed to the fire of our own batteries at Morris Island. Governor Vance's memorable speech narrating the State's record in the war, also the report of our agent sent to England to procure sup plies are reproduced. The history of the State's steamer, the "Ad-Vance" and a most interesting story by Mr. Sprunt of the incidents of the system of Blockade-running by which we were so long enabled to continue the war are printed for the first time. Every subject is touched upon save the story of the sacri- x Review and Conclusion. fiees, the services, the sufferings of our glorious and heroic women. The flight of time and the invincible modesty of the sex prevented our securing one of themselves to narrate that story and no man felt that his pen was equal to the por trayal. Like Emmett's epitaph, it must remain unwritten but its abiding remembrance is in the hearts of the soldiery of the South. The dedication prefixed to the completed work in this last volume comes from the heart. They are not perfunctory words, but the expression of the sentiments of the more than 125,000 soldiers, living and dead, whom North Carolina sent to the front. The pay of the Confederate soldier in the depreciated cur rency was wholly inadequate to be of any assistance to those dependent, upon him at home. Mention has already been made of the cotton cards and other supplies brought in through the blockade and distributed by the State to soldiers' wives. In most, if not all the counties, the county authorities procured sujmlies of corn, meat and salt which were stored in warehouses and dispensed weekly by boards of elderly citi zens to the mothers, wives and children who needed assis tance. This was not charity but just compensation to those who were absent fighting for the State without pay. Where the counties neglected this just measure there were of course large numbers of desertions. The soldier felt it but just that the government should see that his aged mother, his dependent wife and children were provided for by the State since at its command they were deprived of his labor. The salt was procured from the works at Saltville, Virginia, or from the ocean near Wilmington, the counties raising the funds by the issue of what was known as "Salt bonds." By what now Seems a singular decision the Supreme Court of the State, in the Reconstruction era, held the bonds thus is sued in aid of the destitute and suffering women and chil dren of the State void "because issued in aid of the Rebel lion." A most interesting chapter might have been added of the operation of the "Tax in kind" by which provisions were obtained for the support of our armies, but as that would have required much elaboration and was a matter concerning Review and Conclusion. xi the Army as a whole rather than the North Carolina Regi ments and Battalions, the subject has not been treated herein. A series of extracts from the Executive Letter Books and the files of the Adjutant-General's office 1861-5 would have added interest to this work, but it had already swelled to five volumes, and this as well as some other valuable matter was necessarily foregone. The legend on the cover is no idle boast, but is based upon evidence given herein that is deemed worthy to be presented to the great jury of the public and of posterity. Major Hale's history of the "Bethel" regiment proves, (if it had ever been called in question) North Carolina's claim to be the First at Bethel. The histories herein by Brigadier Gen eral Cox, Major General Grimes and by Colonel Frank Par ker of the Thirtieth regiment abundantly establish that the volley of Cox's Brigade, of Grimes' Division was the Last at Appomattox, the last shots being fired by the Thirtieth Regi ment belonging to that brigade. The last capture of guns by that gallant army was the 4 Napoleons taken by Roberts' North Carolina" Cavalry brigade the morning of the sur render. Davidson's history of the Thirty-ninth regiment, as well as Major Harper's history of the Fifty-eighth and Colonel Ray's of the Sixtieth fully demonstrate that our North Caro lina soldiers were Farthest to the front at C'hicamauga and they are corroborated by Captain C. A. Cilley's report, here in reprinted, who was a Staff Officer of Vanderveer's Brigade which faced our North Carolinians on that well fought field. At Gettysburg the history of the Fifty-fifth Regiment by Adjutant C. M. Cooke shows that it went farthest to the front on Cemetery Ridge. The best proof of how far a line of battle wTent is where it left its dead and wounded. These derelicts cast up by the bloody wave of war were found farth est in the front of that gallant regiment and this is shown by the battlefield map prepared by the authority of the United States government after years of careful investigation of official reports and living witnesses from both armies. A copy of this official map, on a reduced scale is printed in this work. xii Review and Conclusion. The number of troops this State furnished is shown here in from official records to have been over 125,000 and a full one fifth of the total force of the Confederacy. The losses of this State were over 41,000 by death on the battlefield or from wounds, being the largest loss sustained by any South ern State. Though North Carolina furnished one-fifth of the troops, it also appears that instead of one-fifth of the gen eral officers being appointed from this State not one third of the pro rata, which was her due, received the promotion they so well deserved. Yet by the general opinion in the Army Pender, Hoke, Pettigrew and perhaps others, were as com petent to command corps and as much deserved promotion as any who received the appointment of Lieutenant-General at the hands of the Confederate government. Brigadier-Gen erals Clingman, Lane, James B. Gordon, Matt. W. Ransom, Scales, and others merited being made Major-Generals, and the State had many gallant sons who well earned promotion to Brigadier-General Among many such, it may not be invid ious to name Major E. J. Hale, who (General Lane being ab sent wounded) planned the successful movement at Fuzzell's Mills and virtually commanded his brigade at Reams Station, a South Carolinian (General Conner) being nominally in command — Colonel R. Tyler Bennett, the hero of the Bloody Lane at Sharpsburg — Colonel David Coleman in the Army of the West (to which we sent eight regiments and had no Briga dier after General Vance's capture in 1863) — Colonel Jno. S. McElroy of the Sixteenth, Colonel W. H. Cheek of the Ninth (First Cavalry) and Colonel T. M. Garrett of the Fifth all of whom were recommended for this promotion. These and many others, whether recommended or not, de served the honor and were entitled to receive it both on their own merits and from the number of troops furnished by this State. But North Carolina was modest, as she always is. and did not receive just recognition which has ever been her fate, alike in war and peace. The following admirable summary of the services of our soldiers is taken from a recent speech by the eloquent Henry A. London, now Senator from Chatham, who at the surren der at Appomattox, was a member of the Thirty-second Regi- Review and Conclusion. xiii ment and courier to General Grimes, and carried to General Cox the order for the last volley fired by that gallant army. His words deserve preservation. "With a white population in 1860 of 629,942 and 115,000 voters, North Carolina sent 125,000 soldiers to the Confed erate armies, composing eighty-four regiments and eigh teen battalions. Three of these regiments were artillery, eight cavalry and seventy-three infantry. Several of the bat talions were artillery and cavalry. Over 41,000 were killed or died in the service. There were seven Major-Generals from this State, of whom three were killed, namely : Pen der, Ramseur and Whiting. There were twenty-six Brig adier Generals from this State; four of whom were killed and the others, almost without exception, were wounded. "The first victory was won by North Carolina troops at Bethel on 10 June, 1861, and they fired the last volley at Appomattox Court House. "At Gettysburg 2,592 Confederates were killed and 12,707 wounded, and 3,155 Federals were killed and 14,529 were wounded. Of . the killed 770 were North Carolinians, 435 Georgians, 399 Virginians, 258 Mis- sissippians, 217 South Carolinians and 204 Alabamians. The three brigades which lost more killed than any others in that battle were Pettigrew's North Carolina (which lost 190 killed) Davis', composed of three Mississippi and one North Carolina regiment, which lost 180, and Daniel's North Carolina brigade, which lost 165 killed. Pickett's entire division lost 214 killed. No brigade in Pickett's division lost as many killed and wounded as the Twenty-sixth North Carolina regiment, whose loss was 86 killed and 502 wounded, which was the heaviest loss of any regiment in cither army in any battle of the war. There were sixteen brigades of Confederates in the first day's battle, of which seven were from North Carolina. In what is called 'Pick- etts' charge there were nineteen Virginia regiments and fif teen North Carolinians. At Reams Station, in August, 1864, after the first efforts of other Confederates had failed, the three North Carolina brigades of Cooke, Lane and Mac- xiv Review and Conclusion. Rae, consisting of only 1,750 men, routed the enemy and captured 2,100. "Among the regiments which suffered the heaviest losses were the following : The Fifth North Carolina at Williams burg, the Fourth at Seven Pines, the Third at Sharpsburg, the Twenty-sixth at Gettysburg and the Twenty-seventh at Bristoe Station. At Williamsburg the Fifth lost in killed, wounded and missing 197 out of 240. At Seven Pines the Fourth went into battle with twenty-five officers and 5iiO non-commissioned officers and privates, and lost in killed and wounded every officer except one and 462 men. At Sharps burg the Third lost in an hour and a half 330 out of 520. At Bristoe the Twenty-seventh lost in less than half an hour 291 out of 426. At Sharpsburg Company C. of the Fourteenth North Carolina regiment lost in killed and wounded every man of the forty-five present, and at Chan- cellorsville the same company carried in forty-three men and all were killed or wounded except one and a minie ball had lodged in his haversack. Company F of the Twenty-sixth lost at Gettysburg every man out of eighty-seven, except one and he was knocked down by the concussion of a shell. "No troops were better armed and equipped than those from North Carolina, and our State was the only one that clothed her troops during the entire war. Also furnished clothing for other troops, and at the surrender had 92,000 suits of uniforms on hand and great stores of blankets and leather ; was the only State that was engaged in direct trade with England and running the blockade. At the close of the war North Carolina's commissary was feeding about half of Lee's army. "The day after the battle of Manassas Secretary of War Benjamin telegraphed Governor Clark that there was not enough powder for another day's fight, and requested him to obtain nitre, which he did. In the fall of 1861 Secretary Benjamin wrote Governor Clark that it was not necessary to make large contracts for military supplies for any long time, as the war would not last long, but the Governor soon after wards sent an agent to England to buy arms." Over 900 engravings of officers and men, representing Review and Conclusion. xv them, as they looked in those days, give added interest to these volumes. Nearly one hundred of these — mostly pri vates (for no line has been drawn at rank) — have been sent in by Judge A. W. Graham. He was too young to be in the army himself, but he had five brothers in the service, each of whom was wounded and four of whom have contributed articles to this work. A very large part of the other photographs have been sent in by the mothers, wives and daughters of soldiers who with a devotion known only to a woman's heart have pre served these mementoes of a long-buried past, ofttimes the only relic of their dead, and taking them from their sacred repositories have had them engraved, a cost they could oft not afford, that posterity might look upon the lineaments of the brave who could merit such fidelity. The engraving of the photographs could not have been procured but for the assistance of that patriotic Southerner, Major C. L. Pattern, of New irork City, President of the University Publishing Company, who without reward or the hope of reward, undertook the supervision of the work of engraving, securing the lowest possible cost for the Veter ans and providing, at his own expense, the clerical force to con duct the correspondence, receiving the photographs and re turning them to their respective owners, grouping the en gravings and attending to every detail till the last sheet was printed off and shipped us. Had he been a native North Carolinian he could not have done more. Our thanks are also due to his accomplished clerk, who chiefly conducted this matter, Miss R. S. Adams. To rare business accuracy she has added a woman's sympathetic assistance in this work. The engravings of all the thirty-five North Carolina Gen erals have been made at Major Patton's own expense for these volumes. Fuller investigation in the Confederate Archives having shown that Major-General Jeremy F. Gil mer and Brigadier-General Gabriel J. Rains were appoint ed from this State, their names have been added to the thirty- three North Carolina generals given in the preface to Vol. I, and engravings of them have been inserted in this volume. To Colonel William Lamb, the gallant defender of Fort Fisher, we are indebted for the full page engraving of the xvi Review and Conclusion. "Bombardment of Fort Fisher" (the frontispiece to Vol. 5), the full page engraving of the "Mound Battery" and other engravings. To Mr. James Sprunt the writer of the val uable article on "Blockade Running" we are indebted for the full page engravings of the "Steamer Ad-Vance," the "Shen andoah" and other engravings, and we owe to Colonel Thos. S. Kenan, of the Forty-third regiment, the frontispiece to Vol. 4 "Johnson's Island" (a description of which may be found in his personal reminiscences of prison life on page 689 of that volume) and also for a full page engraving of Company A of his regiment. The only other engraving of a full company is that furnished by Captain C. B. Denson in the Twentieth Regiment. Numerous maps are given which add much to the easy comprehension of the narratives. The two maps of Gettys burg and that of the capture of Plymouth are especially val uable. This work undertaken more than seven years ago has been prosecuted with many hindrances. It would be bootless to relate the tribulations attending such an undertaking. Its merits are due to the efforts of the self-sacrificing patri otic men who have written the several histories composing it. Its short-comings are due to the Editor and the limita tions which the lapse of time and untoward circumstances have imposed. For better, for 'worse, the record is now made up. The last Avord to the present age or posterity has been said and al ready the voices of many who have spoken are stilled in death. On several occasions, the Confederacy was on the very eve of success, but some unexpected fatality intervened. At Shi- loh within a half hour of the capture of the Federal Army with Grant and Sherman at its head, a single bullet which caused the death of Albert Sidney Johnston changed the his- torv of the Continent. At Chancellorsville, one scattering ' o volley fired by mistake of his own men took the life of Stone wall Jackson, when but for that fatality the capture of Hooker and his whole army was inevitable. The unexpected humiliation of the Federal Government in surrendering Review and Conclusion. xvii Mason and Slidell to British threats avoided a war with that power and with it the independence of the South, which would have come with the command of the seas which was within the power, at that time, of Britain's fleet. If Stuart's cavalry had been on hand at Gettysburg, or even a competent Corps commander to have held our gains of the first two days, in all human probability the war would have ended in a great Southern victory at that spot. Had Mr. Davis, when he sent his commissioners to England to negotiate a loan of $15,000,- 000, acceded to the pressure of foreign capitalists to make it $600,000,000, not only would the Southern finances not have broken down (which was the real cause of our defeat) and Southern troops have been amply supplied, but European governments would have intervened in favor of Southern In dependence ere they would have suffered their influential capitalists to lose that sum. They have always intervened everywhere for such cause. There were other occasions besides when a contrary event would have brought about Independence. No troops in all history have fought better nor has any people shown better military qualities. But, as Napier said of Napoleon, "For tune, that name for the unknown combinations of an infinite power, was wanting to us and without her aid, the designs of man are as bubbles on a troubled ocean." Historical experience in other countries has been that the disbanded soldiers after a long war, having contracted habits of idleness, have been a source of long continued disturbance. Not so with the Confederate veterans who at once went to work to repair the ravages of war and rebuild the fortunes of their sorely devastated country. Not only that, but they were the mainstay of order and in many places when the discarded camp-followers of the other side were not restrain ed by the commanders of that army, these were sternly given to understand that if order was not otherwise maintained, the ex-Confederates could and would establish it. Unawed by garrisons of the victorious army, and unse- duced by the blandishments and temptations offered them, these soldiers of a Lost Cause took their stand for Anglo- xviii Review and Conclusion. Saxon civilization and saved the South from the fate of Hayti and the West Indies. Their services in the years suc ceeding the war were as truly great and as worthy of lasting gratitude as those rendered from 1861 to 1865. The youngest who wore the gray have crossed the crest of the narrow ridge that divides two great oceans and already, like Balboa, they have descried from the western slope the wide waste of waters which reaches beyond the sunset. Not many years shall pass ere the last of those who followed the fortunes of Lee and Jackson, of Johnston and Forrest shall have set sail on that shoreless sea, and the last footfall of the tread of the old Confederate regiments whose march shook a Continent shall be echoing in eternity. Then these volumes shall preserve to a distant posterity the memory of a courage and a patriotism and a spirit of self-sacrifice which our sons should not willingly let die. My Comrades, to have been deemed worthy of labor for you and with you is honor enough for any man. To one and all I give my thanks for your great patience and your un failing courtesy. Raleigh, N. C, 31 December, 1901. Errata. — There are over 1,000 engravings (instead of 900 as above stated) of which 13 are full page engravings and there are 32 maps. LIST OF HISTORIANS AND CONTRIBUTORS. By THE EDITOR. For information, to the following list of contributors is appended a memo randum of the occupation of each since the war. Where one has held official position, only the highest is given. There are 179 writers exclusive of the editor and 254 articles, including those written by him. The writers held, it will be noted, every position in the army from Lieutenant-General to pri vate, and since the war have distributed themselves among nearly all the professions and ordinary occupations of life. Aiken, R. A., Captain Vol. IV, p. 117 Merchant, Murphy, N. C. Albright, Jno. G., Lieutenant IV — 99 Merchant, County Commissioner. Died 1890. Alexander, J. W., Lieut -Commander C. S. N IV — 733 Died Lincolnton, N. C, 1898. Ashe, S. A., Captain A. A. G V— 137 Member Gen. Assembly 1870. Ed. Observer, Lawyer, Raleigh, N. C Avkry, A G, Major 1—337, IV-371 Judge Superior Court 1878-1889, Judge Supreme Court 1889- 1897. Morganton, N. C Bailey, Isaac H. , Captain Ill— 447 In Business, Bakersville, N. C Barringer, Rufus, Brigadier-General I — 417 State Senator 1852, Chairman Rep. St. Exec. Com. Died 3 Feb ruary, 1895. Battle, Kemp. P., Member Conv. 1861 V— 647 Public Treasurer 1866-'7, President University 1875; Prof. History University N. C. since 1891. Beall, Jas. F. , Major II— 129 Member Gen. Ass. 1883. Physician, Davidson County. Bennett, R. T., Colonel 1—705 Judge Superior Court 1880, M. C. 1880-'84. Berrier, H. R. , Sergeant V — 627 Farmer, Davidson County. Betts, A. D , Chaplain IV— 597 Methodist Minister, Sampson County, N. C. Bradley, Robt. H., Private V— 577 Marshal Supreme Court since 1879. Brenizer, A. G., Colonel IV — 131 Bank Officer, Charlotte, N. C. Broadpoot, Chas. W. . Colonel IV— 9 Member Gen. Ass. N. C, 1870-72, Lawyer, Fayetteville. Brown, H. A., Colonel 1—135 Prominent Citizen and Capitalist, Columbia, Tenn. Brown, T. J., Major 11—789 In business, Winston, N. C. Bryan, E. K., Adjutant II— 507, V— 161 In business, New Bern, N. C. xx Historians and Contributors. Burgwyn, W. H. S., Captain 11—591, IV— 481, 569 Col. 7th Md. Regt., Col. 2nd N. C. Regiment Spanish War, Au thor Md. Digest, Lawyer, Bank President, Weldon, N. C. Busbee, Fabius H , Lieutenant IV — 583 D. S. District Attorney, Raleigh, N. C. Busbee, C. M., Sergeant-Major I— 281, V— 619 State Senator 1874, Grand Sire Odd Fellows 1890, President State Bar Association 1901-2, Raleigh, N. C. Caho, YV\ T, Sergeant Ill— 725 State Senator 1874, Lawyer, Bayboro, N. C. Cain, William, Cadet Captain V — 637 Professor University of N. C, Chapel Hill. Callis, G. B., Brigadier General U. S. A., V — 611 Member Congiess Wisconsin. Died 1897 Cantwell, Jno. L , Colonel IV— 721, V— 23 Veteran also Mexican War, Secretary Produce Exchange, Wil mington, N. C. Carr, Julian S. , Private IV — 581 One of Founders Blackwell's Mfg ' o.. Commander State Veterans As sociation, Millionaire. Durham, N. C. Cathey, B. H., Lieutenant I — 751 In business. Bryson City, N. C. Cheek, W. H., Colonel 1—445, 775 Lawyer, Henderson, N. C. Died 23 March, 1901. Cilley. C. A , Captain U. S. A V— 169 Judge Superior Court N. C. 1867-8. Died 1898. Clingman, Thomas L. , Brigadier-General V — 29, 197 Resigned from U. S. Senate 1861, to join C. S. A. Died 3 No vember, 1S97. Cole, James R., Colonel V— 629 Supt. Military School, Dallas, Texas. Cooke, Charles M., Adjutant Ill — 287 State Senator 1874; Solicitor 1877-8; Secretary of State 1895-7; Lawyer, Louisburg, N. C. Cowan. John, Captain I — 177 Secretary Board of Audit and Finance, Wilmington, N. C. Died 1900. Cox, W. R., Brigadier-General IV— 443 Judge Super.or Court 1877-80; M. C. 1881-87; Secretary U. S. Senate 1894-1900; Farmer and Lawyer, Edgecombe Co., N. C. Cross, J. F., Lieutenant IV — 703 Farmer, Sunbury, N. C. Cumming, James D. , Captain IV — 361 in business Brooklyn, N. Y. Died January, 1902. Daves, Graham, Adjutant II 161 Author and Man of Letters, New Bern, N. C. Davidson, Jno. M., II 737 R. R. Agent, Farmer. Kingston, Georgia. Davidson, Theo. F. , Lieutenant II 699 Att'y General N. C. 1884-92; Mayor of Asheville 1895. Davis, T. C. , Sergeant II 745 Postmaster, Morehead, N. C. Denson, C. B. , Captain j_y 409 Teacher, Sec'y N. C. Ag'l. Society, Raleigh, N. C. DeRossett, W. L. , Colonel I 215 Commander State Veteran Association 1896-7, Wilmington, N. C. Dixon, B. F. , Captain '. HI 2.51 State Auditor N. C. 1901; Major Second N. C. Reg't 1898 (Span ish War). r Historians and Contributors. xxi Ellington, J. C, Lieutenant Ill — 161 Civil Engineer City of Raleigh. Elliott, Chas. G., Captain IV— 527 Treasurer N. & C. R. R. Died 14 August, 1901. Elliott, Gilbert, Adjutant V — 315 Lawyer, St. Louis, Mo., and New York. Died 9 May, 1895. Evans, J. W., Corporal Ill— 713 Register of Deeds Dare Co., Merchant, Manteo, N. C. Ferguson, Garland S., Lieutenant 11—291 Solicitor 12th District 1879-1892, State Senator 1876, Waynes- ville, N. C. Flanner, Henry G. . Captain V — 617 Druggist, Wilmington, N. C. Died 1885. Flowers, Geo. W., Lieutenant- Colonel II — 675 Merchant, Taylorsville, N. C. Frazier, F. C, Lieutenant IV — 325 Farmer, High Point, N. C. Gaither, Burgess S , V — 57 Member Congress C. S., Lawyer, Morganton, N. C. Died 1892. Galloway, Jno. M Ill— 529 Prominent Citizen, Madison, N. C. Gordon, A., Major 1—3, 23, 37, 39, 45 Planter, Hulda, La. Graham, James A., Captain II — 425, IV— 501 Lawyer, State Senator 1872; Washington, D. C. Graham, John W , Major V— 175 Member State Convention 1868; State Senator 1868-'9; and 1876-'77; Lawyer, Hillsboro, N. C. Graham, Robt D. , Captain Ill— 313 Chief of Bureau, Dept. Interior; Lawyer, Washington, D. C. Graham, W. A. Major 1-50, II— 79 Planter, Lincoln Co., N. C. Several times in N. C. Legislature, President Farmers' Alliance. Son of Hon. W. A. Graham, C. S. Senator and brother of Major Jno. W. Graham, Captain Robert D. Graham and Captain Jas. A. Graham, who are also Historians in this work. Green, Wharton J., Lieutenant-Colonel IV — 243 Member of Congress 1883-87; Farmer, Fayetteville, N. C. Grimes. Bryan, Major-General V — 247 Farmer, Pitt County; Assassinated 14 August, 1880. Grizzard, James M. , Captain IV — 645 Member Gen. Ass. 1895; Lawyer. Died 1901. Hale, E. J. Major 1—69 Consul to Manchester, England ; Ed. Fayetteville Observer. Hampton, E. R , Hospital Steward IV — 385 Clerk U. S. Dist. Court 1870-1884. Lawyer, Sylva, N. C. Hannah, J. George V— 643 Insurance Agent, Siler City, N. C. Harper, G. W. F., Major Ill— 431 In Gen. Ass. 1881; Prest. Lenoir N. G. R. R. 1894; Prest. Bank Lenoir, N. C. H aerill. L. . Captain I — 771 Prominent Physician, Statesville, N. C. Harris, J. S.. Capt., 1-361 Wounded three times, Merchant, Davidson College, N. C. Hill, D. H . Lieutenant-General .... V — 15 President Uni. of Arkansas. Died 25 September, 1889. Hill, Joshua B. , Sergeant II — 767 U. S. Marshal, Raleigh, N. C. xxn Historians and Contributors. Hines, Peter E. , Surgeon IV — 623 Prominent Physician, Raleigh, N. C. Hinsdale John W. , Colonel IV — 35 Prominent Lawyer, Raleigh, N. C. Hoge, Rev. Dr. Moses D., V— 341 Presbyterian Minister, Richmond, Va. Died 6 January, 1898. Holt. E. J., Lieutenant IV— 91, 580 Sheriff Johnston Co.; Member Gen. Ass. 1874-8; Merchant, Smithfleld. Johnson, Bradley T., Brigadier-General V — 213 Lawyer, Baltimore, Md. Johnston, Jos. F., Lieutenant IV — 521 Governor of Alabama 1898-'9. Jones, Hamilton C. Colonel Ill — 405 State Senator 1869-1871; U. S. Dist. Atty. 1884-88; Lawyer; Char lotte, N. C. Jones, John T. , Lieutenant-Colonel V — 133 Killed 6 May, 1864, at the Wilderness. Kearney, H. C, Lieutenant I — 733 Sheriff of Franklin Co. since 1878, Louisburg, N. C. Kenan, Thos. S., Colonel Ill— 1, 19, IV— 689, V— 611 Attorney-General 1876-1884; Clerk Supreme Court since 1887. Raleigh, N. C. Kennedy, John T, Colonel IV— 71, 370 Member Gen. Ass., Farmer, Goldsboro, N. C. Lamb, William, Colonel 11-629, V— 217, 351 Prominent business man, Norfolk, Va. Lamb, Wilson G., Lieutenant II — 1 Merchant, Williamston, N. C. Lane, James H., Brigadier-General 11—465, IV— 465, V— 93, 645 Prof. A. & M. College, Auburn, Ala. Latttmore, Thos D. . II — 581 Clerk Superior Court Cleveland Co. ; Treasurer Manufacturing Co., Shelby, N. C. Lawhon, W. H. H., Captain Ill— 113 Member Gen. Ass. 1897; Baptist Minister, Moore Co., N. C. Liles, E. R., Lieutenant-Colonel V— 63 Farmer, Anson Co. Died about 1894. Linney, Romuli-s Z. , V— 285 State Senator; M. C. ; Lawyer, Taylorsville, N. C. London, Henry A., Private II — 521 Courier who carried last order to charge at Appomattox; Ed. Chatham Record; State Senator 1901. Pittsboro, N. C. London, YV. L., Captain IV — 513 Merchant, Pittsboro, N. C. Loyall, B. P., Commander C. S. N., V — 325 Resides Norfolk, Va. Ludwig, H. T. T., Drummer 1—387 Professor Mount Pleasant College, N. C, 1871-1900. Died 28 July, 1900. Lusk, Virgil S., .. .. IV— 271 Member Cvn. Ass. 1S95-1897; I'. S. Dist. Atty 1868-1884; Law yer. Asheville, N. C. MacRae, J. C. Major 1—2*1. IV— 379 Judge Superior Court N. C. 1882-1892; Judge Supreme Court 1892-5; Prof. Law Uni. of N, C, Chapel Hill, N. C. MacRae, Walter G., Captain IV— 713 Sheriff of New Hanover; Civil Engineer. Wilmington, N. C. Maglenn. James, Chief Engineer V — 335 Master Machinist. Hamlet, N. C. Historians and Contributors. xxhi Manly, Matt. , Captain I — 157 Mayor and Postmaster at New Bern. Mangum, A. W., Chaplain IV— 745 Methodist Minister; Prof. Unl. N. C. Died 1890. Martin, Jas. G., Brigadier-General V — 13 Graduate West Point; Lawyer, Asheville, N. C. Died 4 Octo ber, 1878. Martin, W. J., Colonel 1—583 Professor Uni. N. C. and Davidson College. Died 23 March, 1896. Maxwell, David G. , Captain . . IV— 405 In business, Charlotte, N. C. McDowell, B. G , Lieutenant-Colonel Ill — 515 Atty at Law, Bristol, Tenn. McKethan, A. A. , Lieutenant Ill — 205 Clerk Superior Court Cumberland; Manufacturer; Fayetteville, N. C. McKinne, David E. , Captain IV— 25 Merchant, Princeton, N. C. McLauiun, W. H , Adjutant II— 15 Farmer, Laurinburg, N. C. McNeill, Thos. A IV— 303 Judge Superior Court, 1898. Lumberton, N. C. Meadows, E. H., Sergeant 11—507, V— 161 In business and Bank and R. R. Director. New Bern, N. C. Means, Paul B. , Private Ill— 545 Member Gen. Ass. 1874-5; btate Senator 1885 and 1889; Lawyer. Con cord, N. C. Metts, James I., Captain I — 177 Prominent Citizen, Wilmington, N. C. Mills, G. H., Lieutenant IV— 137 In business, Rutherfordton. Died 10 January, 1901. Montgomery, W. A., Lieutenant I— 605, V — 257 Justice Supreme Court since 1895. Raleigh, N. C. Moore, John W , Major IV— 261 Editor "Moore's Roster,"' Historian and Novelist, Powellsville. N. C. Moore, M. V.. Captain ,..111—673 Editor and Farmer. Died 1900. Moore, T. C. , Lieutenant IV— 221 Farmer, Bladen County. Morehead, Jas. T , Colonel Ill — 255 State Senator 1872; Lawyer. Greensboro, N. C. Morris, B. T. , Captain Ill— 659 Chairman County Commissioners Henderson County; Farmer. Mullen, James M., V— 269 State Senator N. C. ; Judge Hustings Court, Petersburg, Va. Myrover, J. H., Lieutenant IV — 341 Editor, Man of Letters, Fayetteville, N. C. Officer of Shenandoah V — 345 The name is unknown, but supposed to be one of the Surgeons of the ship. Osborne, E. A., Colonel 1—229 Minister Episcopal Church; Chaplain Second N. C. Regiment Spanish War 1898. Charlotte, N. C. Outlaw, E. R., Captain 1—583 Sheriff Bertie Co. 10 years; Planter. Bertie County, N. C. Parker, Frank M. , Colonel 11—495 Farmer. Enfield, N. C. xxiv Historians and Contributors. Parker, W. Fletcher, Lieutenant IV — 71 Member Gen. Ass. 1901; Merchant and Farmer. Enfield, N. C. Patton, Thos. W., Captain Ill— 49& Twice Mayor, Co. Commr., Philanthropist and Financier, Ashe- ville, N. C. Pickens, S V., Adjutant IV— 109, 363 Lawyer, Hendersonville, N. C. Pool, S. D, Colonel, I— 489; V— 19, 83 Ed. "Our Living and Our Dead"; Supt. Pub. Instruction N. C. 1878-80. Died in Louisiana 1902. Powell, C. S., Adjutant IV— 329 Sheriff of Johnston Co.; Merchant. Smithfield, N. C. Powers, L. E. , Lieutenant 11—147 Member Gen. Ass. 1879-1883, Architect, Rutherfordton, N. C. Prisoners at Johnson Island to Gov. Vance IV — 697' Ramsay, John A. , Captain I — 551 State Senator; Civil Engineer. Salisbury, N. C. Ramsey, N. A , Captain Ill — 503 Surveyor, Durham, N. C. Ray, James M., Lieutenant-Colonel HI — 473 Real Estate Agent, Asheville, N. C. Ray, Neill YV. , Captain 1—293; V— 605 Lawyer; Mayor of Fayetteville, N. C. Died 1899. Rawley, T. L., Captain 1—701, IV— 551 In business, Winston, N. C. Rivenbark, Chas \V.. Sergeant IV — 725 V— 595 In business, Charlotte, N. C. Robbins, W. M. , Major V— 101 Member Congress 1872-78; Com. Gettysburg Battlefield since 1894. Roberts, W. P , Brigadier- General . . . . .II — 99 State Auditor 1877-1891; Consul to Victoria, B. C, 1893-1897. Gatesville, N. C. Robinson, Jno. H. . Adjutant Ill — 223 Accountant, Fayetteville, N. C. Rogers, J. Rowan, Lieutenant Ill — 103 Sueriff Wake County 1887-1891; Farmer. Raleigh, N. C. Rose, George M., Adjutant HI — 685 Speaker N. C. House of Reps. 1883; Lawyer, Fayetteville, N. C. Rose, W . N. , Corporal II — 269' Farmer, Johnston County, N. C. Roulhac, Thos. R. . Lieutenant Ill 125 Judge Superior Court Alabama. Sheffield, Ala. Sanders. J. W. , Lieutenant I 499 Physician, Carteret County, N. C. Shaw, VV. P., Lieutenant Ill 455 Clerk Superior Court Hertford County. Winton, N. C. Smith, N. S. , Adjutant. 1—689 Farmer, Forsythe Co. Sparrow, Thomas, Major. y 35 Member Gen. Assembly 1858-9; Lawyer. Washington N C Died 14 January, 1884. ' Sprunt, James, Purser y_35jj Large shipper and British Vice Consul, Wilmington,' N.' C.' Stedman, Charles M. , Major Ill— 21 V— 207 Lieutenant-Governor 1889-1893; Lawyer. Greensboro, N. C. ' Historians and Contributors. xxv Stringfikld, W. W Ill— 729 Member Gen. Ass 1883; State Senator 1901; Surveyor, Waynes- ville, N. C. Sutton, Thomas H. , Private II — 65 Member Gen. Assembly 1887, 1889, 1891, 1897; Judge Criminal Court 1897-8; Fayetteville, N. C. Taylor, Matthew P IV— 293 Insurance Agent. Wilmington, N. C. Thorne. E A., Lieutenant V— 5, 9 County Commissioner; Farmer, Halifax County, N. C. Thorp, John H., Captain Ill— 83 State Senator 1887; Lawyer; Farmer, Nash County, N. C. Rocky Mount. Tolar. A. H. H., Captain V— 98 Editor, Damon, Texas. Toon, Thos. F., Brigadier-General ... II — 111 Superintendent Public Instruction 1901-1902. Died February 1902. Lumberton, N. C. Tredwell, Adam, Paymaster in Navy V — 299 In business, Norfolk, Va. Turner, Yi^es E. , Captain 11—181 Dentist, Raleigh, N. C. Tuttle, Romulus M., V— 599 Presbyterian Minister, Collierstown, Va. Underwood, Geobge G, Assistant Surgeon 11—303 Physician, Chatham County, N. C. Vance, Robert B., Brigadier-General II — 485 Memher Congress 1872-SS. U. S. Comm'r Patents 1884. Died 1900. Vance, Zebulon B., Colonel V— 463 Three times Governor of N. C, and four times elected U. S. Senator; Lawyer. Died 1893. Waddill, J. M., Lieutenant Ill — 63 Merchant, Greenville, S. C. Wall, H C, Sergeant 11—181 Cotton Manufacturer, Member Gen. Ass. 1899, Rockingham, N. C. Died 1900. Walton, T. George V— 635 Prominent Citizen, Morganton, N C , now 86 years old. Watson, Cyrus B. , Sergeant Ill— 35 State Senator 1889, 1891; Dem. Candidate for Governor 1896; Lawyer, Winston, N. C. Webb, Lewis H., Captain IV— 355 Franklin, Va. Died 8 February, 1902. Webb. Robert F. , Colonel IV— 657 Farmer, Durham County. Died 1890. Weston, James A. , Major 11—537 Minister Episcopal Church; Author of "Marshall Ney in North Car olina." Wharton, Rufus W., Lieutenant Colonel Ill— 703, IV— 225 Member State Board of Agriculture; Farmer. Washington, N. C. Wheeler, Woodbury, Captain IV— 315 sawyer, Washington, D. C. Died 1900. Whitaker, Spier, Adjutant V— 97 Judge Superior Court 1890-4; Major 6th U. S. Vols. 1898 (Span ish War). Died June, 1901. White. B. F., Captain V— 581 Merchant, Alamance County, N. C. White, John, Commissioner V— 453 Merchant, Warrenton, N. C. Died . xxvi Historians and Contributors. Wiggins, Octavius A II — 658 In business, Wilmington, N. C. Williams, Arthur B., Captain 1—537 Mayor Fayetteville 1875; Chairman Co. Commrs; in buciness, Fayetteville, N. C. Williams, J. Marshall, Lieutenant Ill — 267 Farmer, Fayetteville, N. C. Williams, R. S , Captain 1—653 Farmer, Guilford County. Wynns, Jas. M. , Lieutenant-Colonel IV— 365 Member Gen. Assembly, Merchant, Murfreesboro, N. C. Yellowly, E. G, Lieutenant-Colonel V— 55 Lawyer, Greenville, N. C. Died 1885. Young, Louis G. , Captain IV— 555, V— 113 Merchant, Savannah, Georgia. The Editor I— v, xi, xiii, xiv; IV— 1, 65, 69, 97, 107, 129, 133, 224, 270, 301, 302, 338, 339, 383, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 403, 407, 435, 649; V— iii, vii, xix, 1, 3, 8, 17, 71, 298, 573, 587, 626. NUMBER OP TROOPS PROM NORTH CAROLINA. By THE EDITOR. By the Adjutant-General's report 19 November, 1864, it appears as follows : Transferred to Confederate States by original rolls on file 64,636 No. of conscripts to 30 September, 18,585, but report of General Holmes 9 February, 1865' 21,348 Enlisted number of recruits since 1862 21,608 Number of North Carolinians serving in other States 3,100 Number of detailed men (in three regiments and one battalion) 3,117 Number Junior Reserves 4,207 Number Senior Reserves 5,686 Number in State Troops 3,203 Total 126,905 Additions by coming of Military age after 19 November, 1864, and other additions, probably 2.000 Total 128,905 Besides nine regiments of reorganized Home Guards 1864-'65. . . . 5,000 Grand total 133,905 Which is slightly in excess of Major Gordon's estimate in Vol. 1 of this work, at page 19. The total enrollment in the Plome Guards in the Spring of 186-4 was 25,098. This embraced men from 45 to 50, and 5,589 militia officers, magistrates and other civil officers exempt from Confederate service and other exemptions and those exempt from physical disability. This latter class was reported to the Confederate Congress at 7,885. It is proba ble that the exemptions of all kinds from the Home Guards were one-half, leaving 12.500 in Home Guards. Of this number 6,000 were later taken into Confederate service as Senior Reserves, leaving the Home Guards only 6,500, of whom, however, when finally ordered out not more than 5,000 (as above stated) got to the front. The number of officers, 1,312, which were not very excessive before the Horns Guard was depleted by taking out the Senior Reserves, became nearly one-fourth of the force when mobilized, as appears 1 2 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. from the official returns of the three Home Guard Regiments at Kinston September-November, 1864, and their number an embarrassment. In the early part of the war the "State Troops" consisted of the first ten regiments and the Thirty-third, which were en listed at the start "for three years or the war," the others being twelve months men or "Volunteers." But the State Troops in above table are the Sixty-seventh and Sixty-eighth Regi ments, the First Heavy Artillery Battalion (herein styled Ninth Battalion), the Fifteenth Battalion (cavalry), and Fourteenth Battalion (cavalry), which later was raised to a regiment, the Seventy-ninth (or Eighth Cavalry). These commands were never turned over to the Confederacy, having been raised for service in the State, though they served under Confederate Generals, like all others. EXEMPTIONS. As a matter of interest, the following table is here given of exemptions in this State which were reported to the Con federate Congress in February, 1865. 129 Off. Bee. Union and C'onfed. Armies, 1101 : Physical disability 7,885 State officers (including in this 2,650 militia officers) 5,589 Ministers of the Gospel 400 Editors 21 Newspaper employees 99 Apothecaries 31 Physicians 374 Presidents and College Professors 173 Presidents, etc.. Deaf, Dumb and Blind 5 Overseers and Agriculturists 246 Railroad officers and employees 967 Mail contractors 100 Mail drivers 47 Non combatants (Quakers) 342 Foreigners 167 Special exempts 49 Agricultural details 229 Shoemakers, tanners, etc 437 Total 17,261 The State also furnished a large number of negroes from time to time to work on fortifications under Confederate au thority. NUriBPR OP GPNPRAL5 PROH AiORTII CAROLINA. By THE EDITOR. The total number of Confederate troops was between 600,- 000 and 650,000. The troops from North Carolina in Con federate service as above was over 125,000, or about one-fifth. The Confederacy appointed the following General Officers {20 So. Flist. Papers, 111): Full Generals 6 Full Generals (temporary) 2 Of these none from North Carolina. Lieutenant-Generals 21 From North Carolina two or one-tenth. Major-Generals 99 From North Carolina 6 (or including J. F. Gilmer 7) instead of 20, her quota. Brigadier-Generals 480 From North Carolina 25 (or including General Rains, 26) instead of her quota, 96. Of her twenty-five Brigadiers, four were temporary ap pointments and two of them were returned to their former rank as Colonels after a few weeks service, and of her Major-Generals, also one was a temporary appointment. Of her two Lieutenant-Generals, one had his appointment withdrawn after rendering distinguished services in com mand of his Corps at Chickamauga, and the Senate had no chance to confirm him as Lieutenant-General. Investigation shows that Brigadier-General Gabriel J. Rains and Major-General Jeremy F. Gilmer were appointed from this State and should be added to the list of Generals given in the preface to Vol. 1. Neither, however, com manded North Carolina troops. General Rains commanded 4 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. an Alabama Brigade in 1862 and thereafter was in the En* gineer Corps. General Gilmer was Chief of Engineer Bu reau, and for a while Chief of Staff in the Army of the West. After the war he settled in Georgia and General Rains in Ar kansas. With Generals Rains and Gilmer added and including the temporary appointments above mentioned, out of 608 Gen eral Officers appointed by the Confederacy, this State had only 35 instead of 122, which would have been her one-fifth, in proportion to troops furnished. Governor Vance's letter books show repeated protests by him against this discrimination. It is not too much to say that by common consent in the army Fender, Hoke, and Pet- tigrew were entitled to command Corps or even Armies, and we doubtless had others who would have proven themselves competent for high commands if opportunity had been fur nished them. It was only by urgent representations tfhat Governor Vance secured the brigading of North Carolina troops to gether in Lee's army and that most of the commanders of North Carolina brigades were North Carolinians. As to the Army of the West, that was never done, though the Legisla ture in 1864 passed a resolution requesting that the North Carolina regiments in that army should be brigaded together and a North Carolinian made Brigadier. In fact, Colonel David Coleman, of the Thirty-ninth, for a long time com manded Ector's Brigade, in which was that regiment and the Twenty-ninth, but he never received his merited promo tion. The Junior Reserves Brigade 12 March, 1865, peti tioned (unknown to Colonel Coleman) that he be promoted Brigadier-General and assigned to command them, but the application was not granted. The same discrimination against this State in the appoint ment of General Officers was shown in the Revolution and even in the recent war with Spain. GENERALS COMMISSIONED BY STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, 1861-5. 1. Walt pr Gwyiin, Brigadier-General. 2. Jno. W. McKlroy, Brigadier-General. 3. David Clark, Brigadier-General. 4. Collett Leventhorpe, Brig'r-General. 5. James G. Mai tin, Adjutant-General. 6. Daniel G. Fowle, Adjutant-General. 7. R. C. Gatlin, Adjutant-General. 8. John F. Hoke, Adjutant-General. QENERAL5 COMMISSIONED BY THE STATE. By Lieutenant E. A. THORNE, Ordnance Officer, Ransom's Brigadk. During the war there were eight Brigadier-Generals under State commission, who commanded troops at the front or oth erwise rendered active service. 1. Brigadier-General John F. Hoke, Adjutant-General of the Militia. Through him the volunteer regiments were or ganized down till his election as Colonel of the Twenty-third Regiment, when he resigned. Later he resigned as Colonel of that regiment and in 1864 was elected Colonel of the Sev en ty-third Regiment (First Senior Reserves) and in Octo ber, 1864, was placed in command as Senior Colonel of a brigade consisting of the Seventy-third, Seventy-fourth and Seventy-sixth Regiments (First, Second and Third Senior Reserves), which were in Confederate service and assigned to duty guarding Federal prisoners at Salisbury and scouring the three adjacent Congressional Districts for deserters. 2. Brigadier-General James G. Martin, who was Adju tant-General under the act to raise the eleven regiments called "State Troops," who enlisted in the beginning for "three years or the war." After the resignation of Adjutant- General Hoke he was Adjutant-General of the entire service of raising and equipping troops and likewise charged with the defence of the State. It was on his suggestion that Gov ernor Vance began the importation of army supplies through the medium of the Ad-Vance. In May, 1862, he was ap pointed Brigadier-General in the Confederate States service and some months later a question being raised as to his right to hold both commissions, he resigned the State appointment and took command of a brigade in the field. In 1864 he was sent to Asheville and placed in command of that depart ment, surrendering at WaynesviUe 10 May, 1865, the last surrender this side the Mississippi. 6 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 3. On General Martin's resignation, Daniel G. Fowle was appointed Brigadier and Adjutant-General, but held the posi tion only a short time, being soon elected to the Legislature from Wake County. Previous to this appointment he had been Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty-first Regiment and had been captured at Roanoke Island. In 1888 he was elected Governor. 4. Brigadier-General Walter Gwynn was an Engineer officer of high repute and was, on the outbreak of the war, as signed by the State to the supervision of our coast defences. His reports, still on file, are valuable and show that if his suggestions had been followed we should not have lost Hat- teras and thus opened the door to the host of evils which beset Eastern North Carolina the remainder of the war. With Hatteras securely held all Eastern North Carolina would have been exempt from invasion as fully as the Cape Fear country was till the loss of Fort Fisher. He resigned in 1862. 5. On the resignation of Adjutant-General Fowle, Richard C. Gatlin, who was the senior Brigadier-General from North Carolina in the Confederate service, resigned and was ap pointed Brigadier and Adjutant-General in State service. He rendered most efficient duty organizing the Home Guards, assisting the conscript service, and supervising the State Troops, which were the Sixty -seventh and Sixty-eighth Regi ments, the First Heavy Artillery Battalion, the Fifteenth (cavalry) Battalion (Wynns'), and Fourteenth Battalion (cav alry) later Seventy -ninth Regiment, for none of these were ever turned over to the Confederacy. The Sixty-eighth was raised entirely from men within the territory occupied by the Federals. General Gatlin's letter and order books show the great range of his work and the faithfulness and ability with which he executed it. 6. Brigadier-General David Clark in January, 1S62, was assigned to the command of the defences of Roanoke river, not so much by virtue of his command of a brigade of militia (from Halifax, Northampton and Warren) as by special ap pointment from the Governor by reason of his knowledge of that section. The militia of Bertie, Washington, Edgecombe Generals Commissioned by the State. 7 and Martin were also placed under his orders, and authority was given him to impress slaves, teams and supplies for his purpose. On the fall of Roanoke Island he assembled his militia at Plymouth, subsequently falling back to William- ston. These orders were renewed by General S. G. French and General T. II. Holmes, who successively came in charge of the department. The Thirty-fourth Regiment under Col onel Leventhorpe and the Thirty-eighth under Colonel W. J. Hoke were sent to his assistance, but he was not relieved of the command till late in April when Colonel Leventhorpe suc ceeded him. This is the only instance of a General of Mili tia being in active service during that war in this State — though it was common practice in the Revolution and in 1812-15 — and this, as just stated, was rather a special as signment to duty than by virtue of his previous commission. 7. Brigadier-General John W. McElroy was appointed by Governor Vance 19 September, 1863, under the act of 7 July, 1863, to establish a "Guard for Home Defence" — commonly called Home Guards. He and General Leventhorpe, ap pointed a year later, were the only two Generals of the "Home Guards." General McElroy was assigned to duty in charge of Home Guards of several counties adjacent to his headquarters at Burnsville to protect that section against raids from East Tennessee and was on duty till the surrender of Johnston. 8. Brigadier-General Collett Leventhorpe had served as a Captain in the English army. He was successively Colonel of the Thirty-fourth and Eleventh North Carolina Regiments and was wounded at Gettysburg. In 1864 he was appointed by Governor Vance Brigadier-General and assigned to com mand the three Home Guard regiments which were assembled at Kinston in September, 1864. On 3 February, 1865, he was appointed Brigadier-General in the Confederate service but remained in command of these troops. He was at Greensboro 14 April, 1865, and notified General Beaure gard on that date that his troops were leaving for home. 100 Off. Rec. Union and Confed. Armies, 800. But the same thing was taking place at that time among all the troops, for it was plain to all alike that our hope of success had passed. /lORTH CAROLINIANS Oft MILI TARY COURTS. By THE EDITOR. By General Orders 20 December, 1862, 128 Off. Records Union and Confed. Armies, 2Jf8, there was established nine permanent military courts, one for each corps. Each court consisted of a presiding judge and two associates, all of the rank of Colonel, and a Judge Advocate. North Carolina was represented on these courts as follows : On court for Jackson's Corps, Colonel David M. Carter, Associate Judge. On court for E. Kirby Smith's Corps, Colonel Thomas Ruffm, Presiding Judge. On court for G. W. Smith's Corps, Colonel William B. Rodman, Presiding Judge. Out of the thirty-six officers of the nine courts, North Car olina had only these three representatives, though at the time fully one-fifth of the troops under arms were from this State. GENERAL AND EIELD OEEICERS RILLED. By Lieutenant E. A. THORNE, Ordnance Officer, Ransom's Brigade. GENERALS. Major-General William D. Pender. " Stephen D. Ramseur. " W. H. C. Whiting. Brigadier-General L. O'B. Branch. " Junius Daniel. " " James B. Gordon. G. B. Anderson. " " J. J. Pettigrew. " Arch. C. Godwin. COLONELS. Montford S. Stokes, First Regiment. Charles C. Tew, Second Regiment. Gaston H. Meares, Third Regiment. Geo. B. Anderson, Fourth Regiment, promoted to Brig adier-General and killed. James H. Wood, Fourth Regiment. Thos. M. Garrett, Fifth Regiment. Charles F. Fisher, Sixth Regiment. Isaac E. Avery, Sixth Regiment. Wm. D. Pender, Sixth Regiment, promoted Major-Gen eral and killed. Reuben P. Campbell, Seventh Regiment. Henry M. Shaw, Eighth Regiment. James B. Gordon, Ninth Regiment, promoted Brigadier- General and killed. James A. J. Bradford, Tenth Regiment, died in service. Junius Daniel, Fourteenth Regiment, promoted Brigadier- General and killed. Philetus W. Roberts, Fourteenth Regiment, died in ser vice. 10 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Robert M. McKinney, Fifteenth Regiment. Champ T. X. Davis, Sixteenth Regiment. Thos. J. Purdie, Eighteenth Regiment. Solomon Williams, Nineteenth Regiment. Matthew L. Davis, Nineteenth Regiment. Clinton M. Andrews, Nineteenth Regiment. J. Johnston Pettigrew, Twenty-second Regiment, pro moted Brigadier-General and killed. Daniel H. Christie, Twenty-third Regiment. Charles C. Blacknall, Twenty-third Regiment. Henry K. Burgwyn, Twenty-sixth Regiment. Wm. H. A. Speer, Twenty-eighth Regiment. Edward C. Brabble, Thirty-second Regiment. L. O'B. Branch, Thirty-third Regiment, promoted Briga dier-General and killed. Clark M. Avery, Thirty-third Regiment. Richard IT. Riddick, Thirty-fourth Regiment. John G. Jones, Thirty-fifth Regiment. Charles C. Lee, Thirty-seventh Regiment. William M. Barber, Thirty-seventh Regiment. George B. Singletary, Forty-fourth Regiment. J. Henry Morehead, Forty-fifth Regiment, died in service. Samuel II. Boyd, Forty-fifth Regiment. Robert C. Hill, Forty-eighth Regiment, died in service. Stephen D. Ramseur, Forty-ninth Regiment, promoted Major-General and killed. James K. Marshall, Fifty-second Regiment. Marcus A. Parks, Fifty-second Regiment. Wm. A. Owens, Fifty-third Regiment. A. C. Godwin, Fifty-seventh Regiment, promoted Briga dier-General and killed. Peter G. Evans, Sixty-third Regiment. James II. McNeil, Sixty-third Regiment. Alex. D. Moore, Sixty-sixth Regiment. W. C. Walker, Eightieth Regiment. LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. Walter S. Stalling*, Second Regiment. William M. Parsley, Third Regiment. General and Field Officers Killed. 11 Junius L. Hill, Seventh Regiment. Thomas Ruffin, Ninth Regiment. Francis W. Bird, Eleventh Regiment. George S. Lovejoy, Fourteenth Regiment, died in seiwice. John C. Lamb, Seventeenth Regiment. R. K. Pepper, Twenty-first Regiment. Saunders Fuller, Twenty-first Regiment. Franklin J. Faison, Twentieth Regiment. Robert H. Gray, Twenty-second Regiment, died in service. C. C. Cole, Twenty-second Regiment. John T. Jones, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Thomas L. Lowe, Twenty-eighth Regiment, died in service. William W. Sellers, Thirtieth Regiment. Oliver C. Petway, Thirty-fifth Regiment. John A. Graves, Forty-seventh Regiment, died in prison. John A. Flemming, Forty-ninth Regiment. James T. Davis, Forty-ninth Regiment. John R. Murchison, Fifty-first Regiment. Caleb B. Hobson, Fifty-first Regiment. James C. S. McDowell, Fifty-fourth Regiment. M. Thomas Smith, Fifty-fifth Regiment. Edmund Kirby, Fifty-eighth Regiment. James T. Weaver, Sixtieth Regiment. Edward J. Mallett, Sixty-first Regiment. Elias F. Shaw, Sixty-third Regiment. Clement G. Wright, Sixty-sixth Regiment. H. L. Andrews, Second Battalion. majors. Tristam L. Skinner, First Regiment. John Howard, Second Regiment. A. K. Simonton, Fourth Regiment. John C. Badham, Fifth Regiment. Henry McRae, Eighth Regiment, died in service. John H. Whitaker, Ninth Regiment. Thomas N. Crumpler, Ninth Regiment. Egbert A. Ross, Eleventh Regiment. Edward Dixon, Fourteenth Regiment, died in service. Lucius J. Johnson, Seventeenth Regiment, died in service. 12 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. John S. Brooks, Twentieth Regiment. Alexander Miller, Twenty-first Regiment, died in service. W. J. Pf ohl, Twenty-first Regiment. Laban Odell, Twenty-second Regiment. E. J. Christian, Twenty-third Regiment. William S. Grady, Twenty-fifth Regiment. Abner B. Carmichael, Twenty-sixth Regiment. Thomas W. Mayhew, Thirty-third Regiment. Eli H. Miller, Thirty-fourth Regiment. George M. Clark, Thirty-fourth Regiment. John M. Kelly, Thirty-fifth Regiment. Owen N. Brown, Thirty-seventh Regiment. Thomas McGee Smith, Forty-fifth Regiment. Benjamin R. Huske, Forty-Eighth Regiment. John Q. Richardson, Fifty-second Regiment. James J. Iredell, Fifty-third Regiment. James A. Rogers, Fifty-fourth Regiment. James S. Whitehead, Fifty-fifth Regiment, died in service. A. T. Stewart, Fifty-eighth Regiment. Thos. W. Harris, Sixty-third Regiment. Charles M. Roberts, Seventy-ninth Regiment. John W. Woodfin, Woodfin's Battalion. E. A. Thorne. Airlie, N. C, 9 April, 1901. N. C. TROOFS--VHERE STATIONED 21 NOVEMBER, 1861. By BRIGADIER-GENERAL JAMES G. MARTIN. First Regiment, Mathias Point, Virginia. Second Regiment, Fredericksburg, Virginia. Third Regiment, Acquia Creek, Virginia. Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Regiments, Manassas, Va. Seventh Regiment, Bogue Island, near Fort Macon, N. C. Eighth Regiment, Roanoke Island, North Carolina. Ninth Regiment, near Centreville, Virginia. Tenth Regiment, Companies B, H and F, heavy artil lery, Fort Macon, North Carolina ; Company C, light battery, near New Bern, North Carolina ; Company G, light battery, near Fort Macon; Company D, light battery, near Centre ville, Virginia ; Company E, light battery, near Port Royal, South Carolina; Company A, light battery, Smithfield, Vir ginia; Company I, heavy artillery, near New Bern, North Carolina; Company K, prisoners of war taken at Hatteras. "Bethel" Regiment, disbanded 13 November. Twelfth Regiment, Norfolk, Virginia. Thirteenth and Fourteenth Regiments, Smithfield, Va. Fifteenth Regiment, Yorktown, Virginia. Sixteenth Regiment, en route to Manassas from Western Virginia. Seventeenth Regiment, the field officers and Companies D, F, G, H, and I, were taken prisoners of war at Hatteras, the balance of the regiment is at Roanoke Island and in Hyde County, North Carolina. Eighteenth Regiment, near Port Royal, South Carolina. Nineteenth Regiment, Companies D, E, F, I and K, are at Edenton, North Carolina, not mounted ; A, C and H at New Bern, North Carolina, mounted; B and G at Washington, North Carolina. 14 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Twentieth Regiment, Forts Johnston and Caswell, NT. C Twenty-first and Twenty-third Regiments, Manassas, Va. Twenty-second Regiment, Evansport, Virginia. Twenty-fourth Regiment, ordered from Western Virginia to Petersburg, Virginia. Twenty-fifth Regiment, near Port Royal, South Carolina. Twenty-sixth Regiment, Bogue Island, near Fort Macon. Twenty-seventh Regiment, Companies A, B and G at Fort Macon ; the balance at Fort Lane, near New Bern, N. C. Twenty-eighth Regiment, near Wilmington, N. C. Twenty-ninth Regiment, at Raleigh under marching orders to Jonesboro, Tennessee. Thirtieth and Thirty-first Regiments, near Wilmington, N. C. Thirty-second Regiment, Companies G, H, I and K taken prisoners at Hatteras; the other six companies are stationed \iear Norfolk, Virginia. Thirty-third Regiment, Companies A, B and C in Hyde County ; the balance in this city getting equipped. Thirty-fourth Regiment, at High Point, North Carolina. Thirty-fifth Regiment, at Raleigh without arms. Thirty-sixth Regiment, the six companies on the coast of North Carolina. Thirty-seventh Regiment, organized at High Point to-day. No arms. Two more regiments can be organized soon if arms can be furnished for them. The above does not include the battalion and companies that have tendered their services to the Confederacy. They would form, at least, two regiments. I am very respectfully, J. G. Martin. Raleigh, N. C., 21 November, 1861. Note.— The above is report of Adjutant General Martin, 21 November, 1861, to Adjutant General Samuel Cooper, G. S. A. DEEDS OE DARING-SIX HEROES. By D. H. HILL, Lieutenant-General. There were at least six instances in the siege of Petersburg in which shells, with burning fuse attached, were picked up and thrown over the breastworks. On inquiry, each of these brave men were from North Carolina and their names and commands were as follows: 1. Captain Stewart L. Johnston, Company II, Seventeenth N orth Carolina Regiment, says : "A shell from one of the enemy's mortars fell in the midst of the company, and while it was spinning round like a top and the fuse still burning, Private William James Ausbon picked it up and cast it over the breastworks where it immediately exploded. General Beauregard in general orders directed his name to be placed on the Roll of Honor and that he be presented with a silver medal." ¦1. Colonel Jno. E. Brown, Forty-second North Carolina Regiment, says: "Private Frank Campbell, Company F, of this regiment, though belonging to the Drum Corps, was frequently on the firing line. On one occasion a loaded shell fell into the trenches at Petersburg. Campbell caught it up immediately and threw it outside, before it could explode, thereby saving the lives of a number of his comrades. On an other occasion he threw water upon a shell for a like purpose. He was from Davie County and survived the war." 3. Captain T. J. Adams, Company K, Forty-ninth North Carolina Regiment, says: "Private William Guffey, of my company, while rubbing up his field piece, as he was pleased to call his rifle, had the misfortune to have it smashed by a mortar shell. Seeing the shell, with the fuse burning rap idly and almost ready to explode, he cried out, 'Why, there is the darned old thing frying now,' and grabbing it up, threw it over the breastworks." 4. Captain R. D. Graham, Company D, Fifty-sixth North Carolina Regiment, writes: "On 18 June, 1864, the next day after the terrific night battle of 17 June, a battery to the 16 North Carolina Troops, 18 61-' 65. light of the Baxter road threw a shell into a ditch where the 'Crater' afterwards exploded on 30 July, which ditch was crowded with men from our regiment. Its explosion would have caused a great loss of life, but quick as thought, Private John Alvis Parker, of my company, had it upon his spade and threw it over the breastworks, saying, "Get out of here." It exploded as it went over. There was no braver deed dur ing the war. I heard that the same thing was done by a member of Pegram's Battery the same day." 5. Adjutant W. L. Faison, Sixty-first North Carolina Reg iment, says: "I send you the name of Sergeant Thomas L. Graves, Company A, of this regiment, as one of the six 'name less heroes.' On 3 June, 1864, at Cold Harbor, while the enemy was shelling our works, a shell fell in the trench oc cupied by our regiment, in a smoking condition and almost ready to burst. It was at once seized by this brave man and thrown over the parapet." 6. Captain Jas. D. Cumming, Cumming's Battery, Com pany C, Thirteenth North Carolina Battalion, writes: "While Butler was 'bottled up' at Bermuda Hundreds, during a heavy cannonade on 3 June, 1864, a shell from a 32-pound battery, just opposite our position, fell into our trenches and rolled under the trail of a gun by which I was standing. Pri vate J. P. Pierce, from Columbus County, N. C, of my bat tery, raised the shell and threw it over the parapet. General Beauregard in a general order complimented his bravery and presence of mind." D. H. Hill. Charlotte. N. C. , 9 April, 1867. Note —The above is taken from Vol 2, Land We Lore (1866-67) edited by General Hill, in which much valuable material for the history of the AVar is preserved, which is also true of Colonel Stephen D. Pool'svaluabe volumes Our Living and our Dead. There is no record of all those who cap tured flags from the enemy, but in 6!) Off. Rec. Union and Confed Armies 806 is an official report of the capture 12 May, 1,sfi4, of the flag of the 51st Penn. regiment by Lieutenant O. A. Wiggins, Co. E, 37th N. C. regi ment; of the flag of the 17th Michigan by Lieutenant J. M. Grimsley, Co. K. 37th regiment, N. C, and of a brigade guidon by Private James H. Wheeler, Co. E. Eighteenth N. C. regiment. It is'to be regretted that a complete list of the brave men from this State who thus captured 1 " from the enemy can not now be made. OTHER DEEDS OE DARING. By THE EDITOR. Among the many other deeds of striking gallantry are the following whose memory has been preserved to us by reso lutions of thanks by the General Assembly, for they are not mentioned in any of the articles in these volumes. On 4 July, 1863, the General Assembly passed a resolu tion of thanks to ''Captain John Elliott, of Pasquotank county, his officers and men, for the gallant manner in which they captured the two Federal steamers, Arrow and Emily, (mail boats), the former in Albemarle and Chesapeake canal, the latter in North river, and bringing the same through Al bemarle Sound and up the Chowan and Blackwater rivers and placing them safely under our guns at Franklin, Va., a distance of 120 miles from the place of capture, and that, too, while numerous gun-boats were cruising the same route." On 7 July, 1863, the General Assembly passed a resolu tion of thanks to a "detachment of six men," of Captain S. C. Barrington's company, of Major Jno. N. Whitford's Bat talion, "for their gallant and daring conduct in boarding and capturing the crew of one of the enemy's boats (the Seabird) on the waters of Neuse river, and in burning and destroying said boat and cargo," and requested that Major Whitford should "forward a list of the names of the brave men who have thus distinguished themselves" that they might be placed on the roll of honor. Captain Barrington's company was from Craven and when Whitford's Battalion was increased and became the Sixty- seventh Regiment, it was Company B, of that command. On recent investigation by Major Graham Daves these facts are learned : "The schooner Seabird was captured at the mouth of South river, off the Garbacon Shoals, and far within the Federal lines. The names of the scouting party, 'a detachment of six 2 18 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. men,' are, or rather were — for all except the first mentioned are now dead — Robert F. Stilley, James M. Carmady, Benj. F. Edwards, Frank Howard, Cyrus J. Mayo and Wiley Rowe. Stilley was in command of the party. All were of Craven County." Captain Jno. T. Elliott's became later Company A, of the Sixty-eighth Regiment, and was from Pasquotank County. The incidents connected with the above captures by his com pany should now be hunted up and the names of the brave participants preserved if these lines should strike the eye of any having knowledge of the facts. The same should be done as to the acts which caused the General Assembly to pass a res olution of thanks 23 December, 1864, "to Captain John A. Teague, Twenty-ninth Regiment North Carolina Troops, and t'. the brave officers and men under his command for the ef ficient manner in which they have discharged their duties in defending the western border of our State from the inroads of the enemy and depredations of bands of lawless men." The capture in Neuse river of the steamer Mystic 5 April, 1865, and of the side-wheel steamer Minquas and two barges on 7 April, 1865, by small detachments of the Sixty-seventh, then operating in Sherman's rear, is told in Vol. 3 of this work on p. 710, and the capture of a steamer in New River 28 November, 1862, by Company A, of the Forty-first regi ment (Third Cavalry), and a section of Adams' battery is narrated in Vol. 2, p. 774. Doubtless there were other inci dents of a similar kind creditable alike to the courage and enterprise of our troops whose memory should be preserved by surviving comrades before it is too late. A NORTH CAROLINA HEROINE. By COLONEL STEPHEN D. POOL, Tenth Regiment (1 Art.) •Worth Carolina Troops. News had been received at headquarters at Kinston in No vember, 1862, that two Generals of the Federal army — one of them commanding in North Carolina, would, on a certain day, pass from Morehead to New Bern. It was advisable, in view of certain contemplated movements, to capture the train and secure the officers. At 10 o'clock p. m., I received orders to proceed at once to Trenton, take a detail of men from Major Nethercutt's command, and, if possible, on the day named, capture the train. At 2 a. m., I reached Trenton to find Major Nethercutt absent on one of his usual scouting expeditions. Awaiting his return at daylight, I made my self comfortable, and was about to indulge in a morning nap, when the clatter of the feet of a horse, at full gallop, caused me to step to the door of the court house to see what was in the wind. The sentinel upon duty had halted the rider, and was receiving from him a paper to be immediately delivered to the officer in command. To my astonishment, the note bore no address, and upon being opened the blank page of half a sheet of letter paper was all that met my eye. The rider, an elderly countryman, unknown to me, was breathing his jaded horse preparatory to return; but could give me no other information than this: About 1 o'clock a. m., he was aroused from his slumbers and on going to his door, found a lady on horseback who gave him the note, and told him to take it at full speed to Trenton and give it to any Confederate officer he should find on duty there, as it contained important information. In a few moments thereafter, I was in the pri vate room of a citizen of Trenton, and his kind wife was warming an iron, for my use. Applied to the seemingly blank sheet of paper, heat soon enabled me to see what I de- 20 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. sired. Foster had returned two days sooner than anticipated and was to leave that very morning with a force most accu rately detailed on the sheet before me, on an expedition, having, in my opinion, the railroad bridge at Weldon for its objective point. The object of my expedition being thus frustrated, I returned immediately to Kinston, and gave the information I had procured through the intrepid daring of one of New Bern's daughters to the officer in command. Steps were promptly taken by the General commanding the department, and such an array of troops were placed in front and upon the flanks of the Federal General as caused him rapidly to retrace his steps. The lady's name appended to that note has never been told — her secret has been locked in my breast — my superior officer, respecting my motive in de siring to keep it, only requiring my pledge that the writer was worthy of credit. I doubt if the writer of that note knew into whose hands it fell or the good it accomplished. When I state that she was a young lady, tenderly reared, and then in the very morning of her maidenhood, her night ride at great personal risk, to convey useful information, can be properly appreciated. Stephen D. Pool. Note.— The above is taken from Vol. 4, p. 123 of "Our Living and Our Dead." Recent investigation shows that a young lady living in New Bern sent the letter out (written probably with milk, which a hot iron will disclose) by another lady living in the country who could pass the pickets, and she delivered it to the messenger in the manner stated. Both ran great risk. — Ed. Captures and Battles. A CAPTURE BEEORE THE WAR. OCCUPATION OP FORTS BELOV VILrtlNQTON 10 JANUARY, 1861. By JOHN L. CANTWELL, Colonel Fifty-First Regiment, N. C. T. The fact that the State of North Carolina was slow to fol low the secession movement of her more Southern sister States was the cause of much chafing among her people in the east ern counties, and especially along the seacoast, where it was urged that the Federal Government was likely, at any mo ment, to garrison the forts commanding Cape Fear river, and Beaufort harbor. The people of Wilmington were particularly exercised over the possibility of such a step being taken, and it is likely that the knowledge of this strong feeling, and the impression that it would be regarded as an act of coercion, alone deterred the Washington Government from sending down strong garrisons and ample munitions of war. Fort Caswell, commanding the main entrance to Cape Fear river, was a bastioned, masonry fort of great strength, and in thorough order, but without mounted guns. Once oc cupied and armed it would have been impossible for the Con federates, without command of the sea, to have retaken it, and the port which afterwards proved of such inestimable value to them would have been effectually sealed. The Fed eral fleets having free entrance there, would have held the shores on either side of the river for some distance up, and commanded, from a safe interior base, the entrance through New Inlet, for the defence of which Fort Fisher was after wards built, and that historic and epoch-making earthwork would probably never have been constructed. In the State at large the union sentiment was at this time slightly in the ascendent. In the lower Cape Fear section the secessionists were probably in the majority. These re- 24 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. garded delays as dangerous, and anticipated with forebodings the occupation of the forts by the Union forces. Early in January, 1861, alarmed by the condition of af fairs in Charleston harbor, they determined to risk no longer delay. A meeting of the citizens of Wilmington was held in the court house, at which Robert G. Rankin, Esq., presided, who afterwards gave his life for the cause on the battle field of Bentonville. A Committee of Safety was formed, and a call made for volunteers to be enrolled for instant service un der the name of "Cape Fear Minute Men." The organiza tion was speedily effected, John J. Hedrick being chosen com mander. On 10 January Major Hedrick and his men embarked on a small schooner with provisions for one week, the Commit tee of Safety guaranteeing continued support and supplies, each man carrying such private weapons as he possessed. Arriving at Smithville (now Southport) at 3 p. m., they took possession of the United States barracks known as Fort John son, and such stores as were there in charge of United States Ordnance Sergeant James Reilly, later Captain of Reilly's Battery. The same afternoon Major Hedrick took twenty men of his command, reinforced by Captain S. D. Thruston, commander of the "Smithville Guards," and a number of his men and citizens of Smithville, but all acting as individuals only, and proceeded to Fort Caswell, three miles across the bay, where they demanded, and obtained, surrender of the fort from the LTnited States Sergeant in charge. Major Hedrick assumed command and prepared to make his position as secure as was possible. About twenty-five strong, armed only with shotguns, but sure of ample rein forcements should occasion arise, these brave men determined to hold Fort Caswell at all hazards. In bitter cold weather they stood guard on the ramparts and patroled the beaches, reckoning not that, unsustained even by State authority, their action was treasonable rebellion jeopardizing their lives and property. There were only two 24-pounder guns mounted, one on the sea face and one on the inner face, both carriages being too decayed to withstand their own recoil, but, such as they were, with them they determined to defy the army and A Capture Before the War. 25 navy of the United States. The smoke of an approaching steamer being once descried below the horizon the alarm was signaled, and, believing it to be a man-of-war, the brave men of Smithville flew to arms, and soon the bay was alive with boats hurrying them to the aid of their comrades within the fort. Women, as in the old days, armed sons and fath ers, and urged them to the front, But the steamer proved to be a friendly one. Upon receipt of unofficial information of this movement, Governor John W. Ellis, as Captain-General and Command er-in-Chief of the North Carolina Militia, 11 January, 1861, addressed a letter to Colonel John L. Cantwell, commanding the Thirtieth Regiment North Carolina Militia, at Wil mington, in which, after stating his belief that the men were "actuated by patriotic motives," he continued: "Yet, in view of the relations existing between the Gen eral Government and the State of North Carolina, there is no authority of law, under existing circumstances, for the occupation of United States forts situated in this State. I cannot, therefore, sustain the action of Captain Thruston, however patriotic his motives may have been, and am com pelled, by an imperative sense of duty, to order that Fort Cas well be restored to the possession of the authorities of the United States. "You will proceed to Smithville on receipt of this commu nication and communicate orders to Captain Thruston to withdraw his troops from Fort Caswell. You will also in vestigate and report the facts to this department. "By order of John W. Ellis, "Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief "Graham Daves "North Carolina Militia." "Private Secretary and Acting Adjutant-General." Upon receipt of this order on the 12th, Colonel J. L. Cant- well notified the Governor that he would proceed at once to Fort Caswell, accompanied by Robert E. Calder, Acting Ad jutant, and William Calder, Acting Quartermaster, two staff officers temporarily appointed for that duty. Transporta tion facilities between Wilmington and Smithville were then 26 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. very limited. Colonel Cantwell and his aids embarked on a slow sailing sloop which became becalmed within four miles of Smithville. They were put into shallow water from whence they waded and walked to Smithville, where they secured, with difficulty, because the populace was almost unanimously opposed to their supposed mission, a pilot boat in which they sailed to Fort Caswell, arriving there after dark. After some parleying, and not without reluctance, they were admitted and conducted to Major Hedrick, to whom the following order was delivered : "To Major John J . Hedrick-. Commanding Fort Caswell: "Sir : — In obedience to the order of His Excellency, John W. Ellis, Governor, Etc., a copy of which I herewith trans mit, it becomes my duty to direct that you withdraw the troops under your command from Fort Caswell, and restore the same to the custody of the officer of the United States, whom you found in charge. Respectfully, "John L. Cantwell, "Colonel Thirtieth North Carolina Militia. "Robert E. Calder, "Acting Adjutant." The garrison asked until the next morning to consider what reply should be made and, on the morning of the 13th this was returned : "Colonel John Ij. Cantwell: "Sir: — Your communication, with the copy of the order of Governor Ellis demanding the surrender of this post, has been received. In reply I have to inform you that we, as North Carolinians, will obey his command. This post will be evacuated to-morrow at 9 o'clock, a. m. "John J. Hedrick, "George Worth am, "Major Commanding. "Acting Adjutant." The fort was evacuated on the next day. Colonel Cant well and his Aides returned to Wilmington and reported the A Capture Before the War. 27 facts to Governor Ellis. The United States Sergeant again assumed control of the Government property. Thus matters remained in this section until April of the same year, the State in the meantime drifting steadily to wards secession and war, and the people sternly arming and preparing. The local military companies in Wilmington were fully recruited, and the former "Minute Men" per manently organized as the "Cape Fear Light Artillery," un der which name they served through the war. On 14 April came the firing upon Fort Sumter, followed on the 15th by a call from the Secretary of War upon the Governor of North Carolina for "two regiments of military for immediate service." Immediately the Governor tele graphed orders to Colonel J. L. Cantwell, at Wilmington, "to take Forts Caswell and Johnson without delay, and hold them until further orders against all comers." Colonel Cantwell, as commander of the Thirtieth Regiment North Carolina Militia, promptly issued orders to "the officers in command of the Wilmington Light Infantry, the German Volunteers, and the Wilmington Rifle Guards, to assemble fully armed and equipped this afternoon" (15th), which was promptly obeyed. On the morning of the 16th the Governor telegraphed Colonel Cantwell to proceed at once to the forts "and take possession of the same in the name of the State of North Carolina. This measure being one of precaution merely, you will observe strictly a peaceful policy, and act only on the defensive." The force under Colonel Cantwell's orders moved promptly. It consisted of the Wilmington Light In fantry, Captain W. L. DeRosset; the German Volunteers, Captain C. Cornehlson ; the Wilmington Rifle Guards, Cap tain O. P. Meares ; and the Cape Fear Light Artillery, Lieu tenant James M. Stevenson, commanding. At 4 p. m.r United States Sergeant James Reilly surrendered the post at Fort Johnson, where Lieutenant Stevenson was left in com mand with his company. The remainder of the battalion, under Colonel J. L. Cantwell, proceeded to Fort Caswell and took possession at 6 :20 p. m., Sergeant Walker, of the United States Army, being placed in close confinement in his quar- 28 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. ters "in consequence of the discovery of repeated attempts to communicate with his government." Officers and men worked with vigor to mount guns and pre pare for defence, and the work never ceased until the fall of Fort Fisher in 1865, and the necessary abandonment of the defences of the lower harbor. The Wilmington Light In fantry were soon after sent to Federal Point, where, in Bat tery Bolles, they began the first defensive works which af terward grew into Fort Fisher, and its outlying batteries. Thus was war inaugurated in North Carolina more than a month prior to the act of secession, and it is a noteworthy fact that the news of the act dissolving its connection with the Union, and the call upon her sons to arm themselves was first made known to the pioneer troops of the Cape Fear on the parade ground at Fort Caswell. John L. Cantwell. Wilmington, N. C, 10 January, 1901. THE BATTLE OE MA/iASSAS. 21 JULY, 1861. By BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS L. CLINGMAN. On that day, General Beauregard was kind enough to lend me one of his horses, and during the entire battle, I was either with him or General Joseph E. Johnston. I will now confine my statement to the narration merely of some facts connected with the conduct of Colonel Fisher's regiment Between two and three a. m., our army seemed to be most pressed, the enemy then having gotten farthest in his ad vance, on our left flank. Besides large masses of the enemy which had driven back our small force there engaged, Rick- ett's six-gun battery was pushed far forward to a point on the left of General Johnston's position, concealed, however, by a skirt of pine trees. Its shots passed by us and went many of them nearly a mile to the rear. Its rapid firing from this advanced position, indicated to every one the ad vantage our adversaries had gained, and the situation seemed most critical. I felt confident that if the enemy could long maintain that position, our center would give way. General Johnston evidently impressed with the gravity of the situa tion, exclaimed in a loud, earnest voice, "If I just had three regiments ! Just three regiments !" I looked to the rear through the open field and said, "Here they are, General." He took a hasty glance to the rear and said, "They are too far off. I want them now !" The near est of the regiments was within less than a quarter of a mile. The men were bending forward, marching up the hill as fast as possible. They passed seventy or eighty yards to the left and entered the pines, moving by the flank, directly towards Rickett's Battery. The other two regiments were slower in getting forward, and passed some hundreds of yards to our left. As the regiment which had marched so near went out of view among the pines, an officer left it and came up to me. .30 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. He was Dr. Caldwell, the Surgeon, and informed me that it was Colonel Fisher's regiment that had gone in. I expressed to him my regret that I had not known it, that I might have spoken to the Colonel and other officers. I waited anxiously the result. The enemy were still pressing on; this battery and others were incessantly throwing their shot far to our rear, while the musketry fire on our side was slack. It ought to be stated, that as the enemy had turned our left flank with the larger part of his active fighting force early in the day, as fast as our regiments could be gotten up they went in, and the collision was accompanied by heavy musketry discharges on both sides. As our troops were, how ever, very greatly outnumbered by the masses of the enemy, and outflanked, they were forced back with much loss, and there would be a slackening of the musketry fire. The en emy thus, by overlapping our left, was able to make a steady advance, and was then getting in the rear of our center, or rather might soon have been there. Within fifteen minutes or less after Fisher's regiment passed out of view, suddenly the crash of musketry was louder than it had been at any time during the day. That battery suddenly become silent. It did not fire another gun that day. The heavy musketry fire continued for more than half an hour and gradually become fainter. At length there was a dead pause for some moments. Believing the battle was over, I took out my watch. It was then precisely 4 o'clock. There was no other musketry firing that day, till late in the evening near Centreville. I will now briefly state what had occurred. Colonel Fisher moved his regiment by the flank into the pines. Immedi ately in front of them, and on his right as he marched ob liquely towards the left of our line, there was an open field. In it, about sixty yards from the woods, Rickett's Battery was stationed. From it, towards the woods, the ground slightly rose, so that he was obliged to elevate his guns a lit tle, that his shot might pass over the ridge at the border of the field. Outside of the field the ground descended into the wood. Colonel Fisher at the head of his regiment passed just inside the wood, below the crest of the ridge, along The Battle of Manassas. 31 ground which was rising a little. Thus he did not see the battery until he, with some companies, had rather passed it. Captain Isaac Avery's company was just opposite the bat tery. Finding themselves in this dangerous proximity, his company and others near them fired suddenly into the bat tery, only sixty yards distant. This fire killed most of the cannoneers as well as their horses. The men ran down on them, and finished the survivors with their muskets and bowie knives. Immediately after this, Colonel Fisher, having passed over the battery, received a ball in the brain and fell dead about thirty yards in the rear of the battery they had taken. Captain Isaac Avery stated to me that while he was sitting for a moment on one of the captured pieces, he saw Colonel Fisher, who had moved forward to re connoitre seemingly, but was waving his rifle above his head triumphantly. After his death, the regiment was obliged to abandon the guns, not by the enemy's fire, but by that of our own men. There was a regiment they thought from Alabama, on their left, but about two hundred yards in their rear, which continued to fire on them. It was this fire that killed young Mangum and several others. Many think it probable that Colonel Fisher himself was thus killed. As his regiment had gotten so far in front, and was on ground so lately occu pied by the enemy in heavy force, the mistake was made. The regiment was thus obliged to abandon the battery, but it was never used, or ever retaken by the enemy. I saw Lieu tenant Douglas Ramsey lying dead among the guns at the close of the fight, while the Captain (Rickett), wounded, was carried off a prisoner by our men. I can vouch for the accuracy of the above statements, partly from what' I saw, and also chiefly from conversations, which I had on that day and the succeeding one, with officers and privates well known to me. The official reports of Bar ry, the Chief of the Federal artillery, and of General Heint- zelman, both confirm the truth of these statements. They said that this battery of Rickett's was pushed forward far in advance, and that a regiment on our side come up within sixty or seventy yards of it, and by a well directed fire disa- 32 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. bled it. Captain Rickett himself, while a prisoner, I was told about that time, said that as soon as he saw this regiment, he directed his guns to be lowered so that he could fire into it, but that before his order could be executed the regiment fired and disabled him, killed Lieutenant Ramsey and most of his gunners. This declaration of his confirms what sev eral members ¦ of Captain Avery's company from Yancey told me at the time. They said "that battery would have ruined us but they were firing over our heads." Captain Avery told me that as soon as he saw the battery, he without waiting orders, directed his men to fire. It may be asked 'why these facts so honorable to Colonel Fisher and his regiment have not been officially or publicly recognized '{ Colonel Fisher was himself killed and his only field officer then with the regiment, was Lieutenant-Colo nel Lightfoot, who unfortunately, was not in the battle. He, with the two rear companies, was by some means sepa rated from the balance of the regiment, as it was inarching into battle. I saw him, and these two companies in the rear, after the battle had ended. The officers stated that while under his immediate command, as the regiment was march ing forward into the battle, they were separated from the other eight companies. Lightfoot, in their presence, for it was a general conversation, complained very much of Col onel Fisher because he carried the regiment into action by the flank. He gave no other reason for not being in the en gagement. Some days afterwards, when I urged him to make such a report as would do justice to Colonel Fisher and the regiment, he merely reiterated his complaints about the regiment being carried into battle by the flank. Not having been in the battle himself, his report was not of such a char acter as to afford a proper knowledge of the affair. I appealed to General Jos. E. Johnston and requested him to have the facts made public, but he replied that in making out his report he could only give such statements as come up to him from the reports of his subordinates. The service of Colonel Fisher and his regiment can not be over estimated on this occasion. Let it be admitted that it was a mere accident that he should have thus moved up by The Battle of Manassas. 33 the flank (the best mode in which he could have moved), and thus gotten just to the place where he ought to have been. The opportunity thus afforded was rightly used, and most fortunately for the success of our army. Neither then, nor at any time since, have I doubted that this movement saved the clay to the Confederacy. If the gallant and noble Fisher, by this dash, lost his life, who did more during the long and arduous struggle '. Having from that day to this determined to endeavor to have justice done to his splendid and heroic action, I avail myself of this occasion to say something in that behalf. I saw him for the last time two weeks before his death, and his bright looks and generous words of thanks to me, for a slight service I had been able to render him and his command, are too vividly before me to allow me to let the occasion pass by without a brief tribute to his memory. Thos. L. Clingman. Asheville, N. C, 21 July, 1874. THE EALL OE HATTERAS. 29 AUGUST, 1661. Piaky op MAJOR THOMAS SPARROW, Tenth Regiment, (1 Aht.) North Carolina Troops. Portsmouth, N. C, 27 August, Tuesday. The privateer steamer Gordon ran into the inlet some time in the afternoon, and put David Ireland and two others of the crew on the shore. They reported in camp, the appearance of a fleet of United States steamers, seen off Hatteras, after they left that inlet. This news corresponded with a letter previously re ceived by Captain W. T. Muse, of the navy, giving notice of the expedition. Captains Lamb and Clements were at Portsmouth from Hatteras attending a court-martial. These gentlemen ex pressed their desire to return to their commands at Hatteras that night. I detailed Privates Wm. H. Hanks and Wood- ley to take the steamer M. E. Downing to carry them. They left in the steamer about 10 o'clock. During the afternoon I went to Fort Ocracoke with Lieu tenant-Colonel G. W. Johnston, Major H. A. Gilliam, Cap tains Luke, Company D ; John 0. Lamb, Company A, and Clements, and took with me Sergeant William H. Von Eber- stein to assist in the defence of the fort, and to act as Ord nance Officer. He went immediately to work preparing car tridges and putting things in order. August 28, Wednesday. — I rose and dressed at reveille and went on drill with the company on the parade ground, near the church. Drilled two hours. On return from the drill, Major Gilliam called me to the front fence and stated that Colonel Martin had sent a dis patch, ordering all the forces at Ocracoke to Hatteras, and requesting me to go. (I had been released from service in the Seventeenth Regiment, and was expecting orders to join Colonel Tew's Regiment in Virginia.) I at once gave or- 36 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. ders for the men to get breakfast, prepare two days' provis ions, pack their knapsacks, take tent fiys (for they had no tents), and prepare to embark. 1 appointed T. Hardenburgh a lance Sergeant, and left him in charge of the camp, giving him written orders. Auk nit; these was one, that he should request Mr. B. J. Hanks to take certain of my command expected from Washington, on the steamer Col. J I ill. to Hatteras in the afternoon. An other was on the approach of an enemy to take all the valua ble baggage and the remaining men in camp to Fort Ocracoke, and if defeated in an attempt to do this, then to make the best of his way up the sound to Washington. The Washington Grays, forty-nine in number, exclusive of commissioned officers, were in line, uniformed and equip ped at 10 o'clock. I marched to the wharf, and embarked them for Hatteras, on the schooner Pantheon. The Morris Guards, Tar River Boys, and Hertford Light Infantry, embarked in other vessels. The Morris Guards took a vessel at Beacon Island, and so had several hours advantage. The others were towed by the steamer Ellis. Captain Muse embarked on her. So they had an advantage. Wind and tide being against us, we took a longer route round Royal Shoals, and so were the last to arrive at Hat teras. The Ellis, with her tow, was only a half mile or so ahead of us when we arrived. When within ten or twelve miles from the inlet, we began to see the fleet off the fort, first from the rigging, then from the deck. As we drew nearer we began to count them — one, two, four, ten, thirteen ! There is a large fellow — there three others — there the small ones ! Occasionally a gun was heard, then another — then three or four in quick succession. The breeze freshened and favored us, and we began to make the fort and all " about it very plainly. The decks and gunwales became crowded with men eager to see the bom bardment, insomuch that the helmsman, a negro, could hardly see to steer the vessel. I had to order them constantly to trim the vessel. We soon had the fleet and both forts in full view. The The Fall of Hatteras. 37 Tar River Boys were just ahead of us, towed in by the steamer Ellis. The Morris Guards were in a schooner at anchor near the Swash. We followed hard after the Ellis. We had an uninterrupted view of the fight. It was be yond description. There lay the formidable fleet of large and small vessels off Forts Clark and Hatteras, and seem ingly in the inlet, was a steamer of moderate dimensions, af terwards known to be the Monticello. Part of the fleet were firing upon Fort Clark, and part upon Fort Hatteras, but the principal engagement seemed to be between Hatteras and the Monticello. We could trace every shot fired at the latter, and see every gun fired by her. Some fell to the right of her, but a number we could see went into her. Eight struck her hull, and several penetrated through and through. We thought from our position that both forts returned the fire. This we afterwards learned to be a mistake. Fort Clark did not reply, being at that time in possession of the enemy. It was hard sometimes to dis tinguish between the bursting of a shell in the fort, and a gun fired from it. Almost every shot was remarked by the eager men on board. There goes the big fort — there goes the little fort — that shot was too high — that too far to the right— -that one plugged her in the side, good for that, boys. There goes a broadside from the big steamer ! How the shell burst over the fort ! What beautiful white clouds of emoke they make ! Such were some of the oft-repeated re marks made by the men around me. I had never before seen a shell explode. It was sometime before I got to understand the thing. I saw from time to time beautiful little puffs of white, silvery smoke hanging over the fort without at first being able to account for them. I soon learned to know that it was where a shell had burst in the air, leaving the smoke or gas behind it, while the frag ments had descended on their mission of destruction. As remarked before, there was such a continual roar of artillery, that we could not at our distance of one, two and three miles ¦distinguish the bursting of a shell from the firing of a gun. At three-quarters of a mile from shore the Ellis grounded. The schooner in tow of her, containing the Tar River Boys. 38 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. was then detached to come to an anchor. The sehooner with Captain Gilliam's compan}-, was at anchor outside of all of us. We had passed her. This, as well as I could judge, was near 5 o'clock. My pilot did not know the way through the channel to the fort. About this time the firing had almost ceased on both sides, and the Monticello had hauled off the inlet. What was to be done ( I came to anchor, had the boat lowered, and went off to the Ellis. Captain Muse informed me (by hail) that Fort Clark had surrendered, and that two men had been killed. He offered me a pilot, Mr. Mayo, and put him in my boat. I returned immediately to the Pan theon, ordering the anchor to be weighed before I boarded. Just then two boats with Captain Muse, Lieutenant-Colo nel Johnston, and others, pulled from the Ellis towards the shore. I was off in a few moments, beating up the channel, towards Fort Hatteras. When this was discovered by the enemy, they began to fire rifle shot and shell at us. The shells fell short, but the rifle shot flew by us in quick succes sion. I had to make great exertions to keep my men below decks, out of the way of the shots. I remained on deck near the galley. Soon we discovered crowds of men sitting on the outside of the fort. We knew not what to make of it. No flag was flying in the fort, and I began to think that all was over. I ordered two hands in the boat, and pulled for the shore. The shot continued to fly over and beyond us, but none took effect. Landing, I gave orders that the vessel should go close to the shore, and disembark the men as soon as possible. I then hastened to the fort, and entered through the sally-port. The soldiers sitting on the outside of the parapet, and on each side of the sally-port, looked fatigued and care-worn, but their faces lighted up as I saluted them, gave them a word of encouragement and passed into the fort. I found the men standing about in various directions, some with arms, others with muskets stacked, and all looking glad that the day's fight was over, and that reinforcements had arrived. They openly expressed joy at this latter occurrence. Cap tain Lamb greeted me shortly after I entered. He was as- The Fall of Hatteras. 39 cheerful as usual and said he had defended Fort Clark during the morning until he had shot away nearly every pound of powder. On the front of the fort facing the ocean leaning against a traverse, I found Colonel Martin, Lieutenant-Colo nel Johnston and Captain Clements. The Colonel seemed feeble and worn out. All expressed the opinion that we should be attacked at night by the enemy's forces in posses sion of Fort Clark. Estimated at about eight hundred. The Pantheon containing the Washington Grays, sailed close into the shore and soon landed the men. I ordered Jesse Liverman, one of the cooks, to be sent up to assist in pre paring coffee and food for the soldiers. A Yankee cook, from one of the prize schooners (the Samuel Chase), I or dered to be kept on board, fearing that he might desert, and communicate with the enemy. I also ordered E. Harvey and A. Buckstarf to be kept on board to guard the vessel and pre vent the hands from running her off. I did not allow the knapsacks of the company to be landed, fearing they might fall into the hands of the enemy. For the same reason I did not allow the tent flys to be landed. I anticipated the result before leaving Portsmouth, and wrote a letter to my wife preparing her for the worse. I knew the enemy could shell us from the ocean, and that the armament of the fort was not sufficient for a successful re sistance. I told the Adjutant-General this in Raleigh the last time 1 was in that city. All the men in the fort were in want of nourishment, my own men and self included. We got a little bread and coffee, but this was not general. The Winsloiv, Confederate States steamer, arrived after dark, bringing Commodore Barron, Lieutenants Murdaugh and Wise, of the navy. Major W. S. G. Andrews, Captain Muse and several of his midshipmen and sailors also came into the fort. Colonel Martin and Major Andrews voluntarily surren dered the command to Commodore Barron, who thereupon, assumed it. Lieutenant-Colonel Johnston had entered the fort a little in advance of myself. Major Gilliam arrived after dark. 40 North Carolina Troops, 186l-'65. The night was somewhat advanced before the Morris Guards and Hertford Light Infantry got into the fort. It became difficult after dark to find an officer until by common consent the tent of Captain Cahoon, in the south angle of the fort, towards Fort Clark, became headquarters and remained so for the balance of the time, until the sur render. ORDERS OF THE NIGHT. A sort of consultation was held on the steps near the navy gun, by Commodore Barron and the superior officers, at which I chanced to be present. Lieutenant-Colonel Johnston remarked to me that he in tended to take "that concern," meaning Fort Clark, during the night. This project was discussed and inquiry made as to the number of the enemy on the beach. The impression I derived from the answers of Captains Clements, Lamb and others, were that they numbered from seven hundred to eight hundred. They had landed howitzers and rifle guns, and had possession of two field pieces abandoned by our forces that morning. The forces in the fort were worn down with fasting and fatigue. Part only of the forces from Ocracoke were landed, and it was well in the night lief ore all were on shore. We were short of shell, powder and shot, provisions and water. All these had to be got into the fort. We had to send off for candles, as not one was to be had in the fort. These were needed for the Ordnance Officer to make up car- irids>es for the morrow's use. It was concluded that we might hold the fort another day, and that on the night fol lowing we should take Fort Clark. It was also resolved that we should waste no ammunition, and should fire only when we could so do, with effect. I was ordered to detail an officer to take charge of a picket guard of one hundred men and to select thirty men from my own company for this duty. I named Lieutenant James J. Whitehiirst to take charge of the guard, and ordered him to select from our company thirty men, which he did. I was also ordered by Major Andrews to select a force from the various companies, and to get a 10-inch Columbiad from the The Fall of Hatteras. 41 sound side into the fort, and to put it into position during the night. I detailed ten men from my company, ten from Captain Sharp's, and five each from four other companies for this duty. 1 gave charge of the whole to Private Wil liam B. Willis, who was a ship carpenter, and had handled heavy guns successfully at Ocracoke. There was no block and tackle, nor anything of the sort, and no shears that could be used in moving or handling the guns. We succeeded in getting a line and some pieces of scantling for slides. I was engaged at the shore in a seemingly vain effort to move the Columbiad, with our imperfect means, when I was ordered to desist by jMajor Andrews, he alleging as a reason for the order that "there were neither 10-inch shot nor shell in the fort, and therefore the gun would be useless if mounted." THE NIGHT. Besides such of my men as were on picket duty, and other duty, some of them with Lieutenant Shaw, were occupied in landing men, water and ammunition a good part of the night. This left but few in the fort, not on duty. These I left with Sergeant Robbins behind the second traverse from the sally port, facing the inlet, where they remained during the night. They leaned with their muskets against the traverses and slept upon the gun platforms as best, they could, without blankets or covering of any sort. There came up a little scud of rain in the night, and to protect their muskets the men generally turned them butt up wards, with the bayonets in the sand. The soldiers were some in the bomb-proof, some against the bomb-proof on the outside, some behind the traverses, some on the platforms, and some in the tents. I slept but little — not half an hour in all. I sat in Cap tain Cahoon's tent with Colonel Martin at times, tried to sleep in my chair a little, and would go thence to where my few men were. I always found Sergeant Robbins awake. FORCES TN THE FORT. Washington Grays, Captain Sparrow, four officers and forty-seven men. (Company G, Seventeenth N. C. T. ) 42 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Independent Grays, Captain Cahoon, four officers and six ty-nine men. Roanoke Guards, Captain Jno. C. Lamb, three officers and ninety-eight men. (Company A, Seventeenth N. C. T.) Morris Guards, Captain Gilliam, four officers and sixty- four men. Hamilton Guards, Captain Clements. Tar River Boys, Captain Johnston. Hertford Light Infantry, Captain Thos. H. Sharp, three officers and sixty -four men. (Company C, Seventeenth N. C.) Preston Guards, Captain Duke, three officers and sixty- six men. North Carolina Defenders, Captain Luke, three officers and forty-seven men. (Company D, Seventeenth N. C. T.) Lenoir Braves, Captain Sutton, three officers and — men. RETURN OK THE PICKETS. Just before day, while it was yet dark, a body of men were seen to approach the fort from the direction of the inlet. In the dusk of the morning it looked like a large force. I at once took it to be the returning pickets, but others insisted that it looked too large. Quite a stir was made in the fort. All the men were called to arms, the guns bearing on the inlet and on the sally-port were shotted with grape, and the men stood ready to fire. I could not understand how so large a force could have passed the pickets without creating an alarm, but then they might have landed in the inlet. It was well enough to be cautious. A man was sent out to challenge the force, but no answer was heard. The excite ment grew quite intense. Soon I recognized the voice of Lieutenant Whitehurst and called out that it was the picket guard. This did not at first give satisfaction. Finally all became assured, and the guard came into the fort and re ported. They had advanced to within a few yards of Fort Clark and had seen no signs of the enemy. We learned afterwards that only a small force was left there, and that they got drunk on the whiskey found there and went to sleep. This is told The Fall of Hatteras. 43 me by one of the free negroes who remained there. The fort might have been retaken had the fact been known. preparations. August 29, Thursday. — The cooks had been kept busy all night providing food and coffee for the men. Some time after daylight, all got some, but not much. Fasting, want of sleep, and anxiety had quite exhausted me. 'A cup of coffee and a little whiskey and sugar given me by Captain Clem ents quite revived me. The companies that had come from Ocracoke were to man the guns, while the men who had been on duty the day be fore were to be relieved. I was ordered to form four detachments from my com pany, of eight men each and a gunner. They were to have charge of the guns bearing on the inlet, one a 32 and one an 8-inch howitzer. The detachments were to be in charge of one of my Lieutenants, and I was ordered to visit them in person during the fight. I appointed the following gunners : Sergeant Potts, Private Willis, Engineer Cornell and C. K. Gallagher fa volunteer). Gallagher came in port from the brig H. C. Brooks, on which he was bound for Liverpool. He was fond of gun nery, was drilled at Beacon Island and I gave him a gun first assigned to W. W. Cordon. He was not called upon to fire it. I gave the first detachment to Lieutenant W. Shaw, and the second to Lieutenant A. J. Thomas, who was to relieve the first every two hours. The Tar River Boys had charge of two 32-pounders on the same face of the fort as my two, facing the inlet, and to the left of mine. My first two detachments and the Tar River Boys prac ticed at the drill of their guns, and received special instruc tions from Major Andrews as to the elevation of their guns. The Morris Guards were assigned to two guns which bore on the enemy, to-wit: The 8-inch howitzer in the pancoup (or angle) bearing on the inlet and ocean (southeast), and the Basket 32 near this. A traverse was between them. 44 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. The 32 on the left of this was mounted on a ship carriage, on an elevated platform and was very slightly protected by the parapet. This gun was in charge of Lieutenant Mur- daugh, and a force from the naval steamer Ellis. Stewart Johnson had charge of the howitzer in the angle. Lieutenant Grimes the 32 left of the traverse. These three guns were the only ones fired during the en gagement. The Hertford Light Infantry had charge of a 32-pounder on the face of the fort looking towards Hatteras woods, and Fort Clark. During the night part of the traverse had been taken clown, so as to bring this gun to bear on the rear of Fort Clark. Captain Sharp commanded here in person. dispositions. It was determined that only those on duty should remain in the fort. The detachments to man the guns were to re main near them, and the reliefs were to stay in the bomb proof until called for. All the men not on duty were ordered outside of the par apet facing the sound for their protection. I was ordered not to fire a gun until the enemy should come within full range of our guns. Just to the right of my guns was a traverse, already spoken of as the one where my men slept during the night. Just be hind this I posted my men, so as to be in readiness to man and fire their guns when called upon. Here I remained some time before and in the early part of the bombardment. Here not a man was wounded. Before the action commenced I was standing on the para pet near the pancoup facing the inlet and ocean, with Com modore Barron, Colonel Bradford and others, when bang, bang, went some rifles at Fort Clark, and at the same time the balls went whistling over our heads. The Germans there seeing us on the walls, took us as a target for their pieces. We got out of the way, of course. They continued to fire at the fort for some time without doing any harm. When guns were assigned to me, the first thought that oc curred to me was that owing to the position the enemy's ships The Fall of Hatteras. 45 had taken, there was no protection for my men, as they would be subjected to a raking fire from them. Looking from my guns seaward, 1 could see the broadside of the Minnesota between the rear of the two traverses at that angle of the fort. It was obvious that they would be un protected at their guns. I immediately took Commodore Barron, Colonel Martin, and Major Andrews to the parapet and pointed out to them this defect. Orders were immediately issued to Mr. Allen, the engineer, to take down a traverse in the rear of the fort and extend one in the angle named (at right angles to the face fronting the inlet) so as to protect the guns manned by my men. It was only half completed when the firing com menced, so the guns were unprotected. In the engagement both were disabled by shells from the Minnesota. The large vessels had steamed off some distance from the shore at night, and the smaller ones took shelter in a bight under the cape near the shore. At early dawn their heavy outlines could be descried off the bar to seaward, in all their formidable array. As the morning wore away about 7 o'clock, a signal was fired from the flag-ship Minnesota, and soon the fleet were in motion for the shore. They moved in, took their positions with appar ent deliberation and came to anchor. The bombarding fleet consisted of the following vessels : Flag-ship Minnesota, 74 guns ; Susquehannah, 74 guns ; Cumberland, 74 guns ; Wa bash, 74 guns ; Harriet Lane, 7 guns. The Cumberland came into action after the rest had begun to fire. The Harriet Lane joined them but did not confine herself to one position. The action lasted three hours and twenty minutes. Such a bombardment is not on record in the annals of war. Not less than three thousand shells were fired by the enemy during the three hours. As many as twenty-eight in one minute were known to fall within and about the fort. It was like a hailstorm, and how so many escaped is known only to Providence, who sheltered and preserved us. On this subject see the official reports of Commodore Barron, 46 North Carolina Troops. 1861-'65. Major Andrews and Colonel Martin, which with the reports of Commodore String-ham, I have preserved. How shall I describe the bombardment — how give an idea of what was going on in various parts of the fort — how ex press my ideas and impressions upon such a subject ? It would be a hopeless task. I was standing with my men behind the traverse spoken of, near the inlet, when the first shot was fired. This was according to our time twenty minutes before 8 o'clock. Ac cording to Commodore Stringham's account it was 8 o'clock. We were all ready and expecting it. As the report reached us, some one called out, "There they go, look out !" and all instinctively leaned closely against the traverse. The next moment the sharp, shrill whistle of the shell was heard. It came from the direction of the Susquehannah and passed right over us. It was followed in rapid succession by others, which fell in all sorts of directions, some of them falling short. The flag was planted on the traverse next to the sally-port just beyond us, under my directions. It was found to afford a mark for the enemy and in about an hour was taken down. I sent John Blount to do it, but he called on W. B. Wil lis, who mounted the parapet, flaunted it at the enemy and then brought it down. It was in the hottest of the fight. The place where I was standing was very much crowded and I concluded to seek shelter elsewhere in a position con venient to my guns. I was told not to fire without orders, unless an attempt was made to force the inlet. I therefore sought the entrance to the magazine, a few feet distant, and directly opposite my guns. Lieutenant Carraway was in the magazine passing out the powder as it was called for. In the entrance with me were Lieutenant Norman, Colonel Martin and part of the time Lieutenants Whitehurst, Thomas, Shaw and others. It was a very dangerous place, but officers and men were continually coming and going. It was close and intolerably hot. We had to keep our hats going as fans to keep up a circulation of air. The naval gun commanded by Lieutenant Murdaugh, and the guns commanded by Lieutenants Johnson and Grimes, The Fall of Hatteras. 47 returned the fire of the enemy, but it was discovered that the greatest elevation we could get, our guns did not reach the enemy. It was therefore a one-sided business. It became a question of endurance on our part. Could we hold out during the day we would take the enemy in Fort Clark at night. While in the magazine I could readily distinguish be tween the enemy's guns, the explosion of their shells and our guns. When we fired the concussion shook the entire bomb proof. We could tell when every shell was falling. Many of the fragments fell at the door. Had a shell fallen there we would have all been killed. We could hear them fall and explode all around and about us. Some came so near that I became alarmed for the safety of the magazine. The door beyond us had to be kept open to give air to Lieutenant Cara way, and to enable him to pass out the powder as it was called for. While here, the news of the killing of one, and the wound ing of another would be brought in by the men. Here I heard of Lieutenant Murdaugh's misfortune, and that Com modore Barron was killed. This proved to be a mistake When a shell or ball would strike the bomb-proof or a tra verse, it would be with a very peculiar thud and all would listen, for the explosion. In this we would some times be disappointed. It was because some of the shells did not ex plode as they fell. During all this part of the engagement W. B. Willis had stood by his gun, and could not be induced to leave it. Col onel Martin once ordered him to leave. He stood upon the carriage and gave notice to the men whenever a shell was corning, fearless as to himself. My men and Captain Johnston's were all ordered to leave their guns, and take care of themselves as best they could. They all remained behind the traverses. One of John ston's men was killed, and one of mine knocked down behind one of these. On leaving the magazine (having been there nearly an hour), I went where Grimes was firing his gun, on the front of the work. The shells were flying rapidly. I took shelter beneath the parapet. In a few seconds I was covered with 48 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. sand and earth. A shell struck the parapet just over me and covered me. I got up and retreated to the end of the ad joining traverse, where were Lieutenant Moore, and others. I held my head down and brushed the dirt from my neck and head. I went next to the end of a traverse near the southeast angle of the fort (towards Fort Clark), and back of Captain Cahoon's tent already spoken of. Here were Commodore Barron, Major Andrews and oth ers. The tents were all on this (east) side of the fort, and the enemy made a mark of them as afterwards learned. The shells now fell with fearful effect in all parts of the fort, and on the bomb-proof, but more especially on this side. The tents and wood kitchens were literally torn to pieces. I remained at the traverse during the rest of the bombard ment, some times in front of it, and once between it and the parapet. It was while I was there that it was damaged by three shells, and the top torn all to pieces. While here there came over me a feeling of perfect secu rity, not to say indifference. 1 could tell every shot that was to pass by and every one that was to fall. The one had a rapid, sharp, shrill sound; the other a dull, hoarse sound, as if almost exhausted. We would hear them strike with a thud and in a second look and listen for the explosion. Looking up I would see many of them fly rapidly over seemingly on an eager mission of destruction, fall just beyond the parapet, and send into the air a column of sand and water. Here the men were huddled together. I saw many pass in this way. The only uneasiness I felt was on account of the men, several hundreds of whom were on the outside unprotected, where most of the shells were falling and exploding. Almost every minute some one was brought in from there wounded, and taken to the bomb-proof, where the surgeon was dressing wounds, iiore persons were wounded here than anywhere else. I was standing at one time at the corner of the traverse, and stooped down to say a word to Major Andrews. At that instant a rifle shot from Fort Clark passed through the cor ner of the traverse where my head had been but a second The Fall of Hatteras. 49 before. It made a beautiful clean, round hole. It was while here that a shell exploded on the traverse above me, and a fragment tore my coat from my left shoulder and pene trated to the tail, tearing it badly. While lying on one side of this traverse, leaning on my elbow, very much at ease, a large fragment of shell fell from the air on the platform at my side, when there had been no explosion for some seconds. It came like an aerolite, seemingly without cause and very much surprised me. While here another shell struck a gun near by, glanced off, bounded over the parapet, exploded, and sent up an awful column of sand and water. I was at one time in conversation with the officers in com mand at the end of the traverse, when a bomb fell with tre mendous noise and force near our feet and exploded. I fell round the end of the traverse and all the rest huddled to gether. No one was hurt. For the last hour the enemv seemed to have got our range exactly, and almost every shot fired from their ships fell into and about the fort. We had long ceased to fire, as we could not reach the enemy, and to man the guns was a useless ex posure of the men. It became apparent that in an hour or two every man must be either killed or wounded. It was now nearly 11 o'clock and matters were becoming momentarily worse. Commodore Barron called a council of all the staff officers and Captains, at the end of the para pet I have so long been speaking about. He said: "You see how it is. We cannot do the enemy any harm. Our guns do not reach them. Our men are all exposed and we cannot protect them. What shall be done ?" We discussed the propriety of a retreat. All favored this if it were practica ble, in preference to a surrender. There were serious doubts of this. All the vessels were a mile or more from us and we had no boats. They would be exposed to the enemy's shells if they came in, and the men would suffer dreadfully in get ting to them. Commodore Barron and Colonel Martin were both very reluctant to surrender. In deference to their wishes it was at first resolved to try to effect a retreat, and to spike the guns. Lieutenant John ston was ordered to make a signal from the top of the bomb- 4 50 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. proof to the vessels and steamers in the sound to come in. He performed this duty, and reported that the signal had been answered by Captain Muse. Lieutenant Johnston was then ordered with such means as were at his command to spike the guns. He went to a gun on the east side of the fort, towards the wood, and began his work, and was ordered to desist. Just at this stage of affairs it was reported that the mag azine was on fire. The men came pouring out of the bomb- proof panic stricken. It is said that they ran over the wounded in getting out. I saw just here Wm. H. Harvey, one of my men, picked up dead as I thought. It turned out otherwise, as his hip was only dislocated. It was in this stage of affairs that the council resolved that it would be the best to surrender. All were unanimous in this final, but reluctant, conclusion. Accordingly a white flag was ordered to be raised upon the parapet. Lieutenant Johnston, I think it was, got a piece of white canvas or sheet — a sort of streamer, and waved it on the parapet fronting the ocean. No notice of it was taken by the enemy. Some one then got a large Confederate flag, tore all but the white bar from it, attached this to a pole and planted it on the bomb-proof. Two shots only from the enemy were fired after this. Both fell, I think, into the fort. The firing then ceased. The bomb-proof was not on fire, but a shell had penetrated through one of the ventilators and exploded, falling among the men below. The smoke caused them to think it was on fire. It fell between two of my men. None were injured. A feeling of sadness prevailed on every countenance after the firing had ceased. Lieutenant Can-away, Ordnance Of ficer, of Martin County, raved like a mad man. He swore he wanted to die right there and never surrender. Two of my men, Schenck and Hall, both Northerners, wept like children. Many would have run for the shore to escape, but I forbade them. E. B. Shaw and W. J. Pedrich did so. As soon as the firing ceased the land forces at Fort Clark, under Colonel Max. Weber and Hawkins, both Germans, came over the beach with the "Star Spangled Banner" to wards Fort Hatteras. They planted their two flags in the The Fall of Hatteras. 51 sand and formed about, them at the distance from the fort of several hundred yards. General Butler, in the steamer Fanny, carrying two rifle guns, ran into the inlet and fired a gun at the Winsloiv. This was an outrage, as it teas taking undue advantage of a flag of truce. Had the negotiation failed he never would have got out again. During the morning the Colonel Hill had come down from Portsmouth before the firing began, but not in time, I sup pose, to land more of my men, who were no doubt on board. After the surrender she with the 'Winslow and all the other steamers and vessels made the best of their way up the sound. They were spectators of the whole bombardment, and a very grand spectacle it must have been to them. Colonel Martin and Major Andrews went out to the near est flag of the enemy to bear Commodore Barron's terms to them. It was a long time before an answer was received, as they had to send to the flag-ship to General Butler and Com modore Stringham. In the meantime the enemy sauntered about the beach in some order, and our officers and men strolled about the fort looking at the damage done in various quarters. A cut of this in one of the pictorial papers of New York is tolerably correct. During this interval the Chaplain from Fortress Monroe, C. W. Denison by name, was going about the fort, notebook in hand, examining everything, asking questions of officers and men, picking up and begging relics, and talking very patriotically. There was a wounded man in one of the tents, thought to be dying (as he was), and for him this Chaplain offered up a prayer, a crowd around him. He told me he was a special correspondent of the New York Tribune. The articles in that paper are no doubt from his pen. Like every man connected with the press North, he deals in falsehoods, knowing them to be such. Finally Colonel Max. Weber, a tall, sharp-featured Dutch man, that could hardly speak English, came into the fort, went into the officers' tent and carried General B. F. Butler's answer. It was a refusal to grant our terms. 52 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Commodore Barron called a council of officers and submit* ted the matter. He drew a final proposal and submitted it. We discussed it. There was no alternative but to surrender unconditionally, except that we were to be treated as. prison ers of war. The terms were to be arranged on the flag-ship. Commodore Barron, Colonel Martin and Major Andrews were taken by one of the smaller steamers off to the Minnesota to arrange the particulars. They then surrendered their swords to Commodore Stringham and did not return to the fort. GENERAL B. F. BL'TLER. This worthy, with his blue coat and brass buttons, his lop- eyelids, and swaggering, fussy, waddling mien, came to re ceive the surrender of the fort and to embark the prisoners. The Adelaide and another large passenger boat came into the inlet for this purpose, besides several of the tug boats. I was introduced to General Butler at the door of the of- fiers' tent. Forgetting myself, and indulging in my usual politeness, I said, when shaking his hand, "I am glad to see you, sir." He replied in a familiar manner, "That is not true; you are not glad to see me." "Oh! no," said I, slap ping him on the shoulder, "I forgot myself. I am not glad to see you. I beg your pardon." Major Andrews (who had returned) ordered all the Cap tains to form their companies for the General's inspection, and to stack arms. We formed on the parapet facing the inlet near the sally-port. Formed in two ranks and stacked arms. Companies formed in different parts of the forts. The enemy landed near a thousand of their forces and formed from the sound side up to the sally-port, on one side of the causeway. The General (Butler) inspected my men, as also the rest. I offered him my sword. He refused to receive it, and told me to hang it on the muskets, which I did. The other officers did the same. Some one asked him if he were not going to march his men in before we marched out. His reply was, "No, I will never take possession until the men who have made so gallant The Fall of Hatteras. 53 a defence have marched out." The only honorable senti ment I have ever heard attributed to him. I heard the re mark. My company was about the second that left the fort. We also formed in two ranks in the causeway from the sally-port to the sound. The gun-boat Fanny was at the landing to re ceive us and take us to the Adelaide, anchored in the road stead. General Butler superintended the embarkation him self — stood at the landing — passing and giving orders, boat swain's mate or boss workman totally destitute of all dignity or propriety. It was an hour before we were all on board. While stand ing in line I gave C. K. Gallagher my torn coat to carry home, and wrote a hasty note to my wife. He had been re leased by General Butler and they promised to set him across the inlet. This they never did, but took him as prisoner to Fortress Monroe. As we embarked on the Fanny the German mercenaries marched in. They raised the Stars and Stripes in several places on the bomb-proof, and formed on the parapet from sally-port to sally-port, one dense mass. Cheer after cheer rent the air, and they fired a salute of thirteen guns, some of them as they had been shotted by ourselves. I saw the grape scatter across the water from one on that face of the fort. The Adelaide is one of the Norfolk and Baltimore bay steamers, a fine boat and the one on which I traveled with my family on the way to Illinois. She was anchored about half a mile from the shore. The forces were taken on the gun-boat Fanny and taken off to her, I went in the first boat. The men were confined to the lower deck, and the officers and wounded were assigned to the upper or berth saloon. Officers and men had been without food since early morn ing, and were very hungry, an unfortunate circumstance, as no arrangements had been made to feed us on the Adelaide, Even water was scarce, and this we were greatly in need of. Servants were scarce, there being only one man servant for the whole force. After an hour or two we had a tolerable supper, rather scant, and the men had to be content with a little bread. They were glad to get this. 54 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. General Butler busied himself in chuckling and talking familiarly to the officers in the after saloon. His aim seemed to be to make himself free and easy with everybody, and to appear to be very clever. The wounded were brought to the after part of the upper saloon, and arranged in beds as comfortable as possibly, with passage ways between. There were fourteen or fifteen, some of them very badly wounded. Only one made much ado, most of them lying perfectly quiet. They were heroes. The state-rooms were assigned to the officers, but it was a late hour before many of them could get to bed. The one servant having more than he could do. When I got hold of him there was not a room to be had. The servant, however, told me to follow him. I did so, through various apartments of the ship, and finally found myself in the ladies sleeping saloon, where the berths and sheets were very nice. An old negro woman was there in her night clothes and seemed very much astonished at our advent. She rubbed her eyes and shifted her quarters. Lieutenant Allen, Ordnance Officer, was with me. We were soon asleep, and had a good night's rest. Thomas Sparrow. Hatteras, N. G, 29 August, 1861. Note.— At the date of this action Major Sparrow was Captain Company G, Seventeenth Regiment N. C. T— Ed. CHICAMACOMICO. 4 OCTOBER, 1861. By E. C. YELLOWLY, Lieutenant-Colonel Sixty-Eighth Regiment North Carolina Tkoops. "Sure enough off we went Friday morning last. We got on board our steamers and transports the evening before and lay at anchor off the island until 2 o'clock next morning. Our forces consisted of the Second Georgia and our regiment, and a small detachment of the Seventh North Carolina Vol unteers (later Seventeenth Regiment. Ed.), all under com mand of Colonel A. R. Wright, of the Georgia Regiment, as senior officer. At daylight, we were in sight of Chicamacom- ico, where it was supposed that the enemy was encamped. Our steamers, commanded by Commodore Lynch, took position about three and a half miles from the shore, as near as he could get, and commenced firing towards the woods with his rifled cannon to drive the enemy from cover. This firing was kept up for an hour, when Colonel Wright, with his Georgians on some boats, commenced to land. The enemy saw him coming and began to run, leaving everything behind them, except their arms and accoutrements. We took everything, besides, they had. Their tents, camp equipages, haversacks, blan kets, provisions, etc. This paper I am writing on was taken from them. You must keep it as a relic. Our boys found Bibles, likenesses, paper and a great many things of like character. They found great numbers of let ters, which they kept and read. Some were funny, some vulgar, some from sweethearts, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers and friends. And some written by the soldiers, Note. — At the time Yellowly was Captain Company G, Eighth Regi ment. He was promoted to Major, August, 1*63 and to Lieutenant- Colonel Sixty eighth Regiment October, 1863. He was a leading lawyer in Greenville. N. C, and died some years since. This article is taken from a letter he wrote to a relative 8 October, 1861, four days after the events he narrates. — Ed. 56 North Carolina Troops, 1861— '65. which they did not have time to finish and mail. They all breathed hostility to the South. Our regiment tried to head off the enemy. We could not get nearer to the land where we were sent, than two miles. We got out of our boats and tried to get ashore, but after wading about a mile, the water got too dee]), and we had to go back. Our boys hated to go back. We were close to Hat teras light house, and in sight of the enemy's shipping at Fort Hatteras. Night overtook us by the time we re-em barked and we could not try to land any more that day. We were about twenty-five miles distant from the Yankees' camp at Chicamacomico. The Yankees had named it Live Oak Camp. They were the Twentieth Regiment of Indiana troops, commanded by Colonel Brown. We heard next day that they saw our regiment trying to land, and being broken down running from the Georgians, who were pursuing them, they prepared to surrender to us, by stopping and shooting off their guns. The people on the island told this. They got rested before the Georgians came up with them and went on and were reinforced from Fort Hatteras next day. Had we landed, we would have taken them all prisoners and blown up Hatteras light house. Bad generalship on the part of Colonel Wright prevented it. He had made boats, but would not let us have them to land in. He kept them to make good his retreat. Next day the Pawnee steamship came up from Hatteras and commenced firing at the Georgians. We could see it all from our boats out in Pamlico Sound. She fired about i'OO guns at them, but never killed a man. The bombs would sometimes fall among them, but did not burst. Colo nel Wright got back at night and all his men got off safely except one, who died from fatigue. It was a warm day. We got back here on Sunday night last, hungry, dirtv and greatly fatigued. We had the enemy completely in our power, but owing to his bad management and want of mili tary skill, we failed to catch them." E. C. Yeli.owly. Roanoke Island, s October, 1S61. NOTE. Fort RugeTwasfunushcd with complete fur fir heating, hot £>) Jfany of the Confcdarafa escaped ihrauah Shallawbaff/j Ban and Mmf/rom Ike upper end 0/ (to Island in Jf ( [ BATTLE OF ROANOKE ISLAND, FEB. 8, 1862. LOSS OF ROA/^OivE ISLAND. 6 FEBRUARY, 1862. Report of Investigating Committee Confederate Congress. The committee to whom was referred a resolution of the House of Representatives, instructing them to inquire and re port the cases and circumstances of the capitulation of Roanoke Island, have had the same under consideration and have given all the facts and circumstances connected with the defences of said Island and its adjacent waters, and of the capitulation on S February, a most elaborate investigation. The committee find that on 31 August, 1861, Brigadier-Gen eral Gatlin was ordered to the command of the Department of North Carolina and the coast defences of that State. On 29 September Brigadier-General D. II. Hill was assigned to duty in North Carolina and charged with the defences of that portion of said State lying between Albemarle Sound and the Neuse river and Pamlico Sound, including those waters, and was directed to report to Brigadier-General Gat lin. On 16 November Brigadier-General L. O'B. Branch was directed to relieve Brigadier-General Hill in command of his district in North Carolina. On 21 December that part of the North Carolina coast east of the Chowan river, to gether with the counties of Washington and Tyrrell, was, at the request of the proper authorities of North Carolina, sepa rated from the remainder and constituted into a military dis trict under Brigadier-General H. A. Wise, and attached to the command of Major-General Huger, commanding the De partment of Norfolk. At the time therefore of the surrender of Roanoke Island on S February, lS(i2, it was within the military district of Note. — This is the report made by the Roanoke Island Investigating Committee by its Chairman, Hon. Burgess S. Gaither, to the House of Representatives in trie Confederate Congress — Ed. 58 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Brigadier-General Wise and attached to the command of Major-General Huger. The military defences of Roanoke Island and its adjacent waters on the said 8 February, 1862, consisted of Fort Bar tow, the most southern of the defences on the west side of the island, a sand fort well covered with turf, having six long 32- pound guns in embrasure and three 32-pounders en barbette. The next is fort Blanchard, on the same side of the island, about two and a half miles from Fort Bartow, a semi-circular sand fort, turfed, and mounting four 32-pounders en barbette. Next on the same side and about 1,200 yards from Fort Blanchard, is Fort Hnger. This is a turfed sand fort, run ning along the line of the beach and closed in the rear by a low breastwork with a banquette for infantry. It contained eight 21-pound guns in embrasure, two rifled 32-pounders en barbette and two 32-pounders en barbette on the right. About three miles below Fort Bartow on the east side of the island was a battery of 32-pound guns en barbette, at a point known as Midgett's Hammock. In the center of the island about two miles from Fort Bartow and a mile from Midgett's Hammock, was a redoubt or breastwork thrown across the road, about 70 or 80 feet long, with embrasures for three guns, on the right of which was a swamp, on the left a marsh, the redoubt reaching nearly between them and facing to the south. On the Tyrrell side on the main land nearly opposite to Fort Huger, was fort Forrest, mounting seven 32-pounders. In addition to these defences on the shore and on the island, there was a barrier of piles extending from the east side of Fulker Shoals towards the island. Its object was to compel vessels passing on the west of the island to approach within reach of the shore batteries, but up to 8 February there was a span of 1,700 yards open opposite Fort Bartow. Some vessels had been sunk and piles driven on the west side of Fulker Shoals to obstruct the canal between that shoal and the main land, which comprised all the defences, either upon the land or in the waters adjacent. The entire military force stationed upon the island prior to and at the time of the late engagement consisted of the Loss of Roanoke Island. 59 Eighth Regiment North Carolina State Troops under the command of Colonel H. M. Shaw; the Thirty-first Regiment of North Carolina Volunteers, under the command of Colonel J. V. Jordan; and three companies of the Seventeenth Regi ment North Carolina Troops under the command of Major G. H. Gill. After manning the several forts, on 7 February, there were but 1,024- men left and 200 of them were upon the sick list. On the morning of 7 February, Brigadier-General Wise sent from Nag's Head, under command of Lieutenant- Colonel Henderson, a reinforcement numbering some 450 men — this does not include the commands of Lieutenant-Col onel Green and Major Fry, both of whom reached the scene of action after the battle was closed. The committee do not think there was any intentional delay in the landing of the commands of Colonel Green and Major Fry. The former, Colonel Green, exhibited great anxiety to get into the fight, when he did land, and acted with great gallantry in the skir mish he did have with the enemy in the vicinity of the camps. The whole was under the command of Brigadier-General Wise who, upon 7 and 8 February was at Nag's Head, four miles distant from the island, confined to a sick bed and entirely disabled from participating in the action in person. The im mediate command, therefore, devolved upon Colonel H. M. Shaw, the senior officer present. On 6 February it was discovered that the enemy's fleet was in Pamlico Sound, south of Roanoke Island, and apparently intending to attack the forces upon the island. Colonel Shaw immediately communicated the fact to Brigadier-General Wise, and issued orders for the disposition of his troops pre paratory to an engagement. The points at which it was supposed the enemy would attempt to land troops were Ash- by's and Pugh's Landings. Ashby's is situated on the west side of the island about two miles south of Fort Bartow, and Pugh's on the same side about two miles south of Ashby's. On the night of the 6th, or early on the morning of the 7th, a detachment of one piece of artillery was sent to Pugh's Landing and one with two pieces of artillery, was sent to Ashby's, and the remainder of the forces was stationed in the immediate vicinity of Ashby's. On the morning of the 60 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. 7th, the enemy's fleet passed by both of the landings and pro ceeded towards Fort Bartow, and the detachment of infantry stationed at Pugh's immediately fell back to the vicinity of Ashby's Landing and joined the detachments there, all un der the command of Colonel J. Y. Jordan. In the sound between Roanoke Island and the main land, upon the Tyrrell side, Commodore Lynch with his squad ron of seven vessels had taken position, and at 11 o'clock the enemy's fleet consisting of about thirty-nine gun-boats and schooners, advanced in ten divisions, the rear one having the schooners and transports in tow. The advance and attacking division again subdivided, one assailing the squadron and the other firing upon the fort, with 9-inch, 10-inch and 11- inch shell, spherical case, a few round shot and every variety of rifled projectiles. The fort replied with but four guns, which were all that could be brought to bear, and after strik ing the foremost vessels several times, the fleet fell back so as to mask one of the guns of the fort, leaving but three to reply to the fire of the whole fleet. The bombardment was continued throughout the day and the enemy retired at dark. The squadron under command of Commodore Lynch, sus tained their position most gallantly, retired only after ex hausting all their ammunition, and having lost the steamer Curlew and the Forrest disabled. Fort Bartow sustained considerable damage from the fire of the day, but the injuries were partially repaired by the next morning, and the fort put in a state of defence. About 3 :30 o'clock on the evening of the 7th, the enemy sent off from their transports about twenty- five men in a launch, apparently to take soundings, who were fired upon and retreated. Whereupon, two large steamers having in tow, each thirty boats filled with troops, approached the island under the protection of their gun-boats, at a point north of Ashby's Landing, known as Haymon's, and did ef fect a landing. The point selected was out of the reach of the field pieces at Ashby's, and defended by a swamp from the advance of our infantry, and protected by the shot and shell thrown from their gun-boats. Our whole force there upon withdrew from Ashby's and took position at the re doubt or breastwork, and placed in battery the three field Loss of Roanoke Island. 61 pieces with the necessary artillerymen, under the respective commands of Captain Schermerhorn, Lieutenants Kinney and Selden. Two companies of the Eighth and two of the Thirty-first were placed at the redoubt to support the artil lery; three companies of the Wise Legion deployed to the right and to the left as skirmishers — the remainder of the infantry in position 300 yards in the rear of the redoubt as a reserve. The enemy landed some 15,000 men with artillery, and at 7 o'clock a. m. of the 8th, opened fire upon the redoubt, which was replied to immediately with great spirit and the action soon became general and was continued without interrup tion for more than five hours, when the enemy succeeded in deploying a large force on either side of our line, flanking each wing. The order was then given by Colonel Shaw to spike the guns in the battery and to retreat to the northern end of the island. The guns were spiked and the whole force fell back to the camps. During the engagement at the redoubt, the enemy's fleet attempted to advance up Croatan Sound, which brought on a desultory engagement between Fort Bartow and the fleet, which continued up to 12 :30 o'clock, when the commanding officer was informed that the land defences had been forced and the position of the fort turned. He thereupon ordered the guns to be disabled and the ammunition destroyed, which was done, and the fort abandoned. The same thing was done at Forts Blanchard and Huger, and the forces from all the forts were marched in good order to the camps. The enemy took possession of the redoubts and forts immediately, and proceeded in pursuit, with great caution, towards the north ern end of the island, in force, deploying so as to surround our forces at the camps. Colonel Shaw arrived with his whole force at his camps in time to have saved his whole command, if transports had have been furnished, but none were there, and finding himself surrounded by a greatly supe rior force upon the open island, with no field works to protect him, and having lost his only three field pieces at the redoubt, had either to make an idle display of courage in fighting the foe at such immense disadvantage, to the sacrifice of his com- 62 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. mand, or to capitulate and surrender as prisoners of war. He wisely determined upon the latter alternative. The loss on our side in killed and wounded and missing, is as follows: Killed, 23; wounded, 58; missing, 62. The loss of the Forty-ninth and Fifty-ninth Virginia Volunteers is : Killed, 6 ; wounded, 28 ; missing, 19 ; that of the Eighth and Thirty-first North Carolina and Second North Caro lina Battalion, is 16 killed, 30 wounded, 43 missing. Of the engineer department, Lieutenant Selden killed, who had patriotically volunteered his services in the line and was as signed to the command of the 6-pounder which he handled with so much skill as to produce immense havoc in the en emy's ranks, and to elicit the unbounded admiration of all who witnessed it. Unhappily, however, that gallant officer received a rifle ball in the head and he fell without a groan. * * # # * # -x- * * * The committee are satisfied that Colonel Shaw held pos session of that post as long as he could have done without use less sacrifice of human life ; that on the 7th and 8th the of ficers and men in Fort Bartow displayed great coolness, cour age and persevering efforts to sustain their position and drive back the enemy's fleet. In the battle of 8 February, at the re doubt, the officers and men exhibited a cool and deliberate courage, worthy of veterans in the service, and sustained their positions under an uninterrupted and deadly fire for more than five hours, repulsing the enemy in three separate and distinct charges, and only withdrew from the deadly con flict after exhausting their ammunition for their artillery, and being surrounded and flanked by more than ten times their number. Instead of the result being "deeply humili ating" it was one of the most brilliant and gallant actions of the war ; and in the language of their absent commanding general, "both officers and men fought firmly, coolly, ef ficiently and as long as humanity would allow." ¦x- * -x- ****** * Burgess S. Gaither, Chairman. Richmond, Va. , May, 1862. THE FALL OF ROANOKE ISLAND. 6 FEBRUARY, 1862, By E. R. LILES, Lieutenant- Colonel Thirty First Regiment, North Carolina Troops About two weeks before the enemy made his appearance, my company (B) and the Hatteras Avengers (Company F), Captain Charles W. Knight, of Aiartin County (both of the Thirty-first Regiment), were ordered to Ashley's Landing, c. distance of eight miles from our camp, and nearly two miles below our lowest battery, Fort Bartow. Two brass field pieces, 12 and 18-pounders, were put in my charge, and I was ordered to defend the Landing and, at every haz ard, to save the artillery. An officer from theEighth Regiment was detailed to drill squads from Captain Knight's and my company on the cannon, but he only visited us twice, spend ing each time about half an hour. All that our men really learned of artillery was taught them in an hour by Colonel Jordan and one or two short lessons by Lieutenant Kinney, of Wise's Legion, who came to the island about three days be fore the battle. I had no horses, and the mongrel "bank ponies" which Colonel Shaw ordered me to press into service were untractable and of little use. We felt that our posi tion was an important and responsible one. This landing, where vessels drawing eight feet could land at any time, had been neglected to the last moment, and the ninety men, badly prepared as above shown, were placed to defend it as long as possible, with strict orders to carry away the artillery in case of a retreat being unavoidable. On Thursday morning, 6 February, at a very early hour, W. Riley Diggs, of Compa ny B, being on the lookout, discovered two of the enemy's ves sels coming up the Sound, some ten or twelve miles away. By aid of a glass, I soon made out four large steamers, and immediately dispatched a message to convey the news to camp. One by one the vessels, of all sorts and sizes, rounded 64 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. the point and come in view until the number reached sixty- four. They were drawn across the sound in a long line. One of our little gun-boats went down to take observations, but did not, of course, venture within shot. There they lay, foniiing a picture rare and beautiful, though probably not so fully appreciated by us as it might have been under different circumstances. At 8 o'clock on Friday morning, they began to move, and coming cautiously along, by 10 :30 o'clock were nearly abreast of us, when the "ball opened." The men un der my command were ordered to keep concealed, so as not to draw the enemy's fire, but it seemed impossible for them to do so. Look we must, and in looking, the wild grandeur and sublime novelty of the scene drew us unconsciously from our hiding places. The Yankee vessels lay from one to two and a half miles from us, and a few shells would have played havoc with us. But we received no attention, and we had nothing to do for several hours, but eagerly watch the con flict. Fort Bartow replied most nobly to the thunders directed against her, and our little fleet did good service. From my position I could see the effect of nearly every shot. I saw many strike the vessels, and often found myself hur rahing for the gallant Hill and the men at the fort. About 3 o'clock, p. m., when three or four vessels had been disabled and hauled off, a small boat, containing some twelve or fifteen men, left one of the steamers and made for the shore at a point nearly half a mile above us, evidently with a view of trying the soundings and the landing, which had been represented to us as utterly insufficient for any but very small boats. Colonel Jordan, who had arrived at our post some time before, ordered Lieutenant Lindsay and myself to take twenty men each, and proceed through an intervening swamp, and capture or kill the boat's crew. This marsh was almost impassable, but we got through at last, and were advancing cautiously, in sight of the Yankees, who had just landed, when two men, one attached to the Thirty-first Reg iment, and the other unknown to me, rushed forward, hal looing loudly, firing their guns at the enemy, and, of course, giving them the alarm. Lieutenant L's detachment and my own (all from Company B),were now together and within 100 The Fall of Roanoke Island. 65 yards or less of the enemy, and but for this piece of impru dence, we would have easily captured them. As they turned to flee, wc rushed through mud and water, firing as we went, but all were got into the boat, and the living pushed off, and were soon out of range. We killed four and wounded two. We immediately fell back under cover, expecting a shelling, which, however, still did not come. On the arrival of the small boat at the flag-ship, two very large steamers having some thirty small boats in tow, all packed with men, started for the landing above us. Knowing they must cut us off from the rest of our forces, it being impossible to get the ar tillery through the marsh, and considering it folly for his small force to attack the thousands of the enemy with mus ketry, Colonel Jordan ordered a retreat. Our heaviest gun was hauled off by two ponies and two old mules, the other we carried off by hand under a storm of shot and shell from ves sels in the sound, none of which, however, did any damage. We retreated about one mile and a half to the small bat tery, or redoubt, across the road, and placed one cannon, to gether with a brass 6-pounder, in battery. It was near night, raining slowly, the men were weary and hungry. We bivouacked then for the night, having some refreshments sent us from camp. Early on the morning of the 8th, the advance guard of the enemy made its appearance, the Richmond Blues and McCul- lough Rangers were thrown out on either flank as skirmishers, and firing commenced. Several regiments of the enemy were now drawn up at three or four hundred yards distance upon which our artillery opened, and as they came nearer, our small arms. There were in the battery my company, num bering forty-three ; Captain Knight's, about fifty (including detachments from each for the artillery) ; a detachment from the Eighth of say ten in charge of the 6-ponnder, and about forty Rangers from Wise's Legion, Colonel Shaw in com mand, and Colonels Anderson, Jordan and Price being also present. Gallantly, nobly and gloriously did every man fight (except , who ran like a whipped dog). As far as the eye could reach the enemy stood in compact mass, and we mowed them down by hundreds. Often did they at- 5 66 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. tempt to advance, but as often was death spread in their ranks, and they were repulsed. Like a hail shower their minie balls fell around us while shell and shot hurtled over us going wide from their mark, and placing our reserve force, portions of the Thirty-first and Eighth, half a mile in our rear, in more danger than ourselves. Not a cheek blanched .among us with fear, and as I watched most particularly my own gallant boys, not a trembling hand or faltering eye could I see. Nor was it different with the "Hatteras Avengers," (Com pany F), who fought with the spirit and determination of brave men, under a brave leader, and a braver man than Cap tain Knight no men ever fought under. His voice was heard At all times cheering his men, and his example, with that of his First Lieutenant, S. J. Latham, inspired all with courage. After about two hours, our skirmishers being hard pressed by overwhelming numbers, were gradually falling back fighting most gallantly, when the lamented Wise fell. His men bore him off and I saw them no more. The enemy pushed regi ment after regiment into the swamp on either side to flank us, but they were for a long time driven back. For over three hours the numbers above mentioned kept at bay at least 10,000 of the enemy fas acknowledged by themselves), and when at last we were flanked, as a Major of one of the regiments who ¦did it, told me, they crossed that miry swamp on a bridge of dead men.* Only three men of ours were killed at the redoubt, -one of them the brave Seldon, who fell near me, shot through the head. He, Captain Schermerhorn and Lieutenant Kin ney (all of Wise's Legion), had command of our three guns. Captain Schermerhorn, who has been fighting ever since he was old enough, and has five balls now in his body, had ¦charge of Company B detachment and complimented them very highly, particularly James Flowers, who, he said, though much exposed, fought with the firm courage and un flinching coolness of a veteran. A compliment from such a man is worth something. But all did well, and their country * General Burnside's Official Report shows his loss was 5 officers and 32 men killed ; 10 officers and 204 men wounded. 13 missing, total 264.— Ed. The Fall of Roanoke Island. 67 ought to be proud of them. Probably had others been in their places, the same might be said justly, but this is certain, the "O. K. Boys," of Anson County, and the "Hatteras Avengers," of Martin County, fought four hours and twenty minutes, and only retreated when the whole Yankee force was close upon them, and the field officers had left our bat tery. In ten minutes more the enemy would have sur rounded us and cut us to pieces. Just before the retreat, re inforcements arrived, swelling our numbers to probably four hundred men, who did but little good. The retreat was con ducted in good order, no guns were thrown away, as has been stated, and our whole force, except a few stragglers, pro ceeded slowly up the road expecting every minute to hear the order to "Fall in" for another fight, than which no order could have been more welcome. But this came not, and they went sullenly and silently to our old encampment, where about an hour after our arrival, we saw the white flag borne by us to meet the enemy. The surrender of all the forces on the island was made and a strong Federal guard placed around us. The victorious army treated us with kindness, particularly General Foster and the officers of the Eighth and Fifty-first New York, the Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Twenty-first Massachusetts Regiments. We were de prived of all small arms, upon a promise of having them re turned whenever we were exchanged, which promise was only partially complied with on our release. We had the morti fication of seeing many of the articles prepared for the use of our sick and wounded by the kind women of Anson, seized by the rascally Zouaves, but as soon as complaint was made to General Reno, he promptly ordered any man trespassing thus to be placed in irons. Our beautiful flag was gallantly borne away from the bat tlefield by Corporal H. M. May, but to our great regret was taken by the enemy after the surrender, and by Dr. Cutler, Surgeon of the Twenty-first Massachusetts Regiment, was sent as a present to the Governor of that State, a brother-in- law of my informant. It was never disgraced, and bore many marks in the shape of bullet holes. We remained on the Island much crowded and closely guarded, until the 68 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Wednesday morning following, .when we were removed (the officers only), to the steamer Spaulding in the sound, fully expecting to start immediately for New York. We were allowed to take our baggage and servants. The ten days following were the most miserable I ever passed. Confined to the damp, dark and dirty lower deck greatly crowded, fed on hard crackers, fat pork (which they said was cooked before leaving the North, but which seemed to us raw), and coffee twice a day, you may imagine our condition. On Sunday, the 16th, General Burnside came aboard and announced that we could all be released on a parole of honor, of which the following is a copy : "Having been taken a prisoner of war by the forces of Gen-v eral A. E. Burnside, on Roanoke Island, I do solemnly pledge my sacred word and honor, that if released, I will give no one any information I may have derived, or mention anything I may have heard or seen since my capture, that might injure the Government of the United States of America, or aid their enemies by word or act until I am regularly exchanged ac cording to the usages of war ; the information to me, of said exchange to be beyond the possibility of a doubt." This was about the first intimation we had of anything of the kind and upon the assurance that the same privilege should be offered to our men, we gladly accepted the proposi tion. But it was not until the next Thursday that they moved with us, then steamers, bearing all the prisoners taken, started for Elizabeth City where, on Friday, we landed, and after a tedious process of verifying rolls, we were re leased. The meeting here between officers and men was in some instances very affecting. You may be sure that we gladly took up our line of inarch homeward, and bore the many hardships and privations of the journey with more cheerfulness than under other circumstances. At Ports mouth we were furnished with a good meal. At Weldon, Colonel O. H. Dockery most kindly prepared for and enter tained my company, on Tuesday morning, from which time until our arrival at Florence — thirty-six hours — we had noth ing to eat. At the latter place a bountiful repast was spread for us, Mr. Gamble, the proprietor of the hotel, only The Fall of Roanoke Island. 69 charging us half price — to his credit be it spoken. We are all now safely at home with one exception, and impatient to hear of our exchange. Joseph E. Liles has not been seen or directly heard from since the fight, though we have the strongest reasons for believing that he was alive on the island, though sick when we left. He was quite unwell with the mumps on the day of the battle, though he fought most' bravely, and was with us when we started to retreat. He was doubtless taken prisoner, and I fully hope and believe, for various reasons, that he will soon be returned to his home and friends. May this be so — for a nobler boy, or one more beloved, never pulled trigger on an enemy. I had several men wounded, though none seriously. Our whole loss, killed and wounded, is about forty — that of the enemy but little, if any, under two thousand killed, and I know not how many were wounded. This information was gained in vari ous ways, as it was most studiously kept secret by most of the officers, but is reliable. Captain Knight's men and the others in the battery, fired thirty to forty rounds of buck and ball cartridges, and for a large portion of the time, the en emy was just where we wanted them to make our shots tell, and every discharge of our artillery opened a perfect lane through the enemy's ranks. When we saw them advancing the last time upon us, the order to "Fix bayonets" was given, and I never saw it obeyed more cheerfully on drill — though every man expected a hand-to-hand conflict. All those pretty stories about crying and breaking swords, are gammon. I could not make this communication shorter and do the North Carolina companies engaged justice. E. R. Liles. LlLESVILLE, N. C. , 1 March, 1862. Note. — At the time of this battle E R. Liles was Captain Company B, and later Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment. His estimate of the ene my's loss is very far above the mark (see Burnside's report above) as perhaps was natural at the time. — Ed. SHARFSBURG (OR ANTIETAM). 17 SEPTEMBER, 1862. By WALTER CLARK, Lieutenant-Colonel Seventieth N. C. T. After the "seven days fight" around Richmond in Julyy 1862, when McClellan took refuge from utter destruction in his gun-boats it was resolved that we should return the unso licited visit which had been made us. A few weeks later, with blare of bugles and roll of drums,. we set our faces northward. At Cedar Mountain we crushed the enemy, Chantilly saw our victorious columns and the field of Manassas a second time welcomed us to victory. When " August with its trailing vines Passed out the gates of Summer," we were in full march for the Potomac, which was crossed simultaneously at several points, the bands playing "Mary land, My Maryland." Walker's Division, to which I be longed, with McLaws' and A. P. Hills' Divisions, recrossed the Potomac to surround Harper's Ferry, while the rest of the army, moving towards Hagerstown, was suddenly attacked at Boonsboro 14 September, and falling back the hostile lines. again confronted each other about noon on 16 September, the Federals lining Antietam creek while the Confederates held the village of Sharpsburg, hence the double name of this fa mous battle. For a similar reason the great battle known to the English-speaking people the world around as Waterloo,. is called the battle of Mont St. Jean by the French and La Belle Alliance by Germans. The battle of Antietam (commonly known at the South as the battle of Sharpsburg), was one of the bloodiest of the whole Civil War. It was fought 17 September, 1862, be tween the Federal army commanded by General George B. McClellan, and the Confederate army under General R. E. Lee. 72 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. The Federal army was composed of six Corps: First (Hooker's), Second (Sumner's), Fifth (Porter's), Sixth (Franklin's), Ninth (Burnside's), Twelfth (Mansfield's), besides Pleasanton's Cavalry Division. On the Southern side were two Corps : Long-street's and Jackson's, with Stuart's Cavalry. The morning reports for that day of the Federal army show 101,000 "effective;" but General McClellan, in his report of the battle, places his number of men in line at 87,000. General Lee, in his re port simply puts his force at "less than 10,000." General Longstreet estimates them at 37,000, and General D. H. Hill at 31,000. The best estimate of numbers actually in line would be 87,000 Federals and :i."i,000 Confederates. Of the latter, only 27,000 were in hand when the battle opened. The arrival of the divisions of McLaws and A. P. Hill from Harper's Ferry during the battle, raised Lee's total to 35,000. Over a fourth of these were from North Carolina, which had thirty-two regiments and three batteries there. The battle was fought in a bend of the Potomac river, the town of Sharpsburg, Md., being the center of the Southern line of battle, whose right flank rested on the Antietam creek, just above where it flows into the Potomac, and the left flank on the Potomac higher up. General Lee had braved all rules of strategy by dividing his army in the presence of an enemy treble his numbers. He had sent Jackson, with nearly half the army, to the south side of the Potomac to in vest Harper's Ferry, while with the other part of the army he himself advanced on Ilagerstown. General McClellan, who slowly and with caution was following Lee's movements, found at Frederick, Md., a dispatch from Lee to General D. H. Hill, which had been dropped in the latter's encampment. This disclosed to him Lee's entire plan of campaign and the division of his army. With more than his usual promptness, McClellan threw himself (on 14 September), upon Turner's (Boonslioro) and Crampton's Gaps. These were stubbornly held till next day, when Lee fell back to Sharpsburg. For tunately for Lee, Harper's Ferry surrendered with 12,000 prisoners early on the morning of the l.">th, releasing the be sieging force. Of these, Walker's Division, with Jackson Sharpsburg (or Antietam). 73 himself, rejoined Lee north of the Potomac, at Sharpsburg, on the afternoon of the Kith. McLaws and A. P. Hill joined him there during the battle on the 17th — McLaws at 9 a. m., and A. P. Hill at 3 p. m. — and each just in time to prevent 2^^^^^sjr\J*iM'o»i*fiorr J // ^"- } 1 / ^ " S i-y 1 it } If if \J ^ ) ^^£§ w M°f 5-^-«^rv \# ) ^£r J -.. <£>/ Scale: T'&deyTdl Lines tEET'S ASSAULT. ly 3, 1863. LONGSTREETS ASSAULT AT GETTYSBURG. 3 JULY, 1863. By MAJOR W. M. ROBBINS. It is not singular that students of history should feel a deep interest in the story of Gettysburg and especially of the final assault made by the Confederates on the third day of the battle, the result of which foreshadowed the issue of the war between the States and the fate of the Southern Confederacy. So much has already been written concerning it that only ur gent solicitations, from a source which I cannot disregard, have moved me to make this brief contribution to the story. The number of Confederates engaged in the assault was about 14,000, composing nine brigades, Kemper's, Garnett's, and Armistead's of Pickett's Division ; Archer's, Pettigrew's (under command of Colonel J. K. Marshall), Davis' and Brockenborough's of Heth's Division, commanded by General Pettigrew ; and Scales' and Lane's of Pender's Division, com manded by General Trimble. They formed two lines of bat tle, the front line composed of Kemper's, Garnett's, Archer's, Note. — This valuable article was written by my request for this work by Hon. W. M. Robbins who since 1894 has been one of the "Gettysburg National Park Commissioners" and therefore possessed of the fullest infor mation from the thousands of participants, coming from both armies, who have visited the grounds. He himself was in the battle, though not in this charge He was on that day Major Fourth Alabama Regiment on our rfght. After the war. Maj. Robbins returned to North Carolina, his native State, and served with high distinction in the State Senate and the Federal Congress. He is one of the ablest and most cultured men the State has produced, and is of the highest character. Though his article is entirely uncontroversial the facts are placed beyond controversy that in front of Pickett the rock wall was 80 yards nearer the Confederate line and the brave General Armistead, the foremost of Pickett's Virginians, fell <51 vards beyond it while by reason of a change in the course of the wall, ?v.«Tt nart in front of Pettigrew was 80 yards farther off, and Capt Satter- field and other North Carolinians of the Fifty-Fifth North Carolina fell ith'in 9 yards of that wall. This settles that the men from this State fairlv earned the title "Farthest at Gettysburg." A copy of the map, printed after the most careful investigation, by the TJ. S Government accompa nies this sketch and corroborates Maj. Robbins.— Ed. 102 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Pettigrew's (under Marshall), Davis' and Brockenbrough'd Brigades in the order named from right to left; and the sec ond or supporting line composed of Armistead's, Scales' and Lane's Brigades. In the front line were thirteen Virginia Regiments and one battalion in Kemper's, Garnett's and Brockenborough's Brigades ; five North Carolina Regiments, four of them in Pettigrew's Brigade (under Marshall), and one of them in Davis' Brigade; three Mississippi Regiments in Davis' Brigade; three Tennessee and one Alabama Regi ment and Battalion in Archer's Brigade, making twenty-five regiments and two battalions in this line. In the second line were five Virginia Regiments in Armistead's Brigade and ten North Carolina regiments in Scales' and Lane's Brigades, making fifteen regiments in this line. The ridge on which the Confederates formed their lines for the assault is called Seminary Ridge and is 1,400 yards west ward from Cemetery Ridge, which was occupied by the Union army. These ridges are parallel with each other, the last named being somewhat, the higher of the two, and between them are cultivated fields with many fences running hither and thither about them. The Emmitsburg Road also passes obliquely in front of the Union line, enclosed on both sides by post and rail fences which are almost immovable and consti tute a formidable obstacle to the orderly advance of a charg ing line of battle. Codori's house and barn just east of that road also dis turbed the compactness and continuity of Kemper's line as he advanced. The Union position on Cemetery Ridge was exceedingly strong and formidable. From the elevated plateau, called Cemetery Hill, where the National Cemetery is, the ridge extends southward towards Round Top, a distance of more than two miles, and overlooks and dominates every foot of the ground over which the Confederates charged. Along its crest from Cemetery Hill to Round Top was a line of Union batteries which General Hunt, Chief of Artillery, shrewdly divining what the great cannonade meant, had kept in reserve until the crucial moment and hurried into position when he saw the Confederate infantry begin its advance. Longstreet's Assault at Gettysburg. 103 All along the front where the assault was made there was also a double line of Union infantry ready to resist the as sault, and the front line of that infantry was posted behind a stone fence which served as an almost impregnable barrier against assailants. Strong details of skirmishers were out along the fences of the Emmitsburg road and also along the fence running westerly from that road past the Confederate left flank. Another point in relation to the Union defences should be stated, which is, that the stone fence above men tioned as a strong defense for the Union forces does not run in an unbroken straight line north and south, but after run ning from its southern terminus due north for several hun dred yards, it turns due east at what is called "The Angle,'' and runs SO yards in that direction, and then turns again and runs due north for several hundred yards to the Bryan barn. Its length from north to south almost, exactly equaled the length of the Confederate front line when it reached there. The important influence of its angular course upon the is.iue of the Confederate assault will be shown later on. The cannonade preceding the advance of the Confederate infantry opened about 1 o'clock, p. m., and continued nearly two hours. It was one of the greatest cannonades of modern times, but it nevertheless failed to accomplish the results ex pected. Artillery will do to batter down fortifications, shell towns, sink ships and cut in pieces with grape and canister ad vancing lines of infantry; but every old soldier knows that ordinarily it is much less to be dreaded than the "blue whist lers" from the musketry. So it was at Gettysburg. A num ber of Union gun carriages were ruined, caissons blown up, and now and then a soldier hugging the ground was struck and torn to pieces ; but there was no important weakening of the Union infantry lines, and the manner in which General Hunt saved his artillery for the crisis he foresaw has already been mentioned. As soon as the cannonade ceased the Confederate infantry moved forward to the assault. Only the three brigades of Pickett were fresh troops. All the other brigades had par ticipated in the fighting of the previous days, and suffered heavy losses. Both their division commanders, Heth and 104 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Pender, had been wounded, the latter mortally. Three bri gades were without their Brigadiers, Scales having been wounded, Archer taken prisoner, and Pettigrew placed in command of Heth's Division. Many Colonels and other field officers and a long list of company officers had been killed and wounded, and the losses from the ranks had been heavy in most of the regiments and extraordinary in some, the Twenty- sixth North Carolina, for instance, having lost over 71 per cent, of its numbers in killed and wounded in the first day's fight. As the lines moved out in that fatal, final charge, a number of the men wore bloody bandages on account of wounds received in the first day's fight, and it is said that General Lee observed and spoke of this with much feeling and moistened eyes. No wonder his soldiers loved their noble commander and were ready to march under his orders even into the cannon's mouth. Many Union officers and soldiers who were there and saw it have stood with me on Cemetery Ridge and spoken with admiration of the magnificent spectacle presented by the lines of Confederate veterans as they advanced deliberately, with muskets at right shoulder shift, across those broad fields. A storm of shells, grape and canister, poured upon them and cut wide gaps in their ranks, but these were promptly closed up without, retarding the advance. The duty of indicating the general direction to be followed by the whole force was very properly assigned to Pickett's fresh division. The oth ers were ordered to dress to the right and keep in touch with his left and he was ordered to move directly towards a small unbrella-shaped copse of chestnut oaks inside the Union lines a short distance south of "The Angle." That copse of trees is still there, looking exactly as it did thirty-eight years ago. It is enclosed by an iron fence to keep people from carrying off every splinter of it as a "relic." A large tablet has been erected near by containing the inscription, "The High Water Mark of the Rebellion." I often remind our Union friends good humoredly that the waves dashed up pretty high several times afterwards, at Chickamauga, Wilderness, Spottsylva- nia, Cold Harbor and elsewhere. They take the reminder Longstreet's Assault at Gettysburg. 105 pleasantly and, to tell the truth, are almost as proud of our Southern soldiery as we are. Wh'en Pickett's line had advanced to the summit of the ridge which had sheltered it during the great cannonade, he perceived that his center was not moving directly towards the above-mentioned copse of trees as intended, but to the right and south of it. Thereupon he very properly ordered his bri gades to incline considerably to the left, which they did and they continued on the same course until they reached the en emy's lines. The order to the other brigades from the first was "Guide right, and keep in touch with Pickett's left;" and therefore, on starting they inclined somewhat to their right so as to join his left. His change of direction being unfore seen by them and occurring whilst the whole line • was in motion, the result, for which none of them can be censured, was that very considerable crowding and intermingling of the ranks on Pickett's left and Pettigrew's right took place by the time they reached the Union breastworks, the effect of which will be noticed hereafter. One of the great obstacles encountered by the Confederates in their advance was the Emmitsburg road with its post and rail fences on each side and, as heretofore mentioned, running obliquely to the lines of battle. Where Pickett's right crossed these fences is about 600 yards from the Union line and where Pettigrew's left crossed them is about 150 yards from that line. The reader can imagine how difficult, it was to preserve an orderly alignment of the men crossing these fences in succession from the right flank to the left under a fierce storm of grape and canister and, on the left, of mus ketry also, for the Emmitsburg road there is in easy musket range of the ITnion lines. Another important fact which should not be omitted is that the Eighth Ohio Regiment and a large detail from Willard's New York Brigade, having been thrown out from the Union right as skirmishers beyond the Emmitsburg road, did not withdraw to their main battle line as the Confederates were advancing, but formed in com pact ranks under cover of the fence west of the Emmitsburg road, perpendicular to the Confederate line and near its left flank. From this shelter they poured in a severe and unex- 106 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. pected enfilade fire on that flank of Pettigrew's Division, con sisting of Brockenborough's and Davis' Brigades. This oc curred while the Confederate brigades further to the right were crossing the Emmitsburg road, but it was followed up by those flankers with energy and not without considerable effect on Pettigrew's left, even to the close of the battle. As soon as the Confederate front line had crossed the Emmitsburg road it raised the well-known battle yell and pressed forward against the Union breastworks. Kemper and Garnett were met by the fire of Harrow's and Hall's and part of Webb's Brigades in front, and Kemper also received an oblique fire on his right from two regiments of Stannard's Vermont. Brigade which had been moved out somewhat in ad vance of the main line. This caused Kemper's men to in cline still more to their left, whereupon Stannard wheeled those two regiments to' his right and struck Kemper's right flank, inflicting severe losses in killed and wounded and cap turing over 200 men. General Kemper also fell desperately wounded about this time 75 yards from the Union works ; but his brigade, though much disorganized by its losses, especially of officers, pushed on until it reached the stone fence or wall behind which was the Union front line, just west of the copse of trees heretofore mentioned as the guide point for Pickett's Division. Garnett's Brigade, though suffering fearful losses, also pushed on to the stone wall, General Garnett himself fall ing dead from his saddle twenty-five yards west of it. Petti grew and his division, with heavy losses and himself painfully wounded, had kept on a line with the brigades of Kemper and Garnett and reached the stone wall at the same time; but this stone wall, as has been previously stated, turns squarely eastward near the point reached by Garnett's left and Petti grew's right, forming what is known as "The Angle," and after running 80 yards in that direction turns again and runs northward to the Bryan barn near the left of the Confederate front line. It is not amiss to state that this last-mentioned section of the wall is much higher than the section running from the angle southward, the latter being about three feet high and the other five feet, coming up to one's chin on its western side. The wall is there still, preserved just as it was Longstreet's Assault at Gettysburg. 107 in 1863 for the inspection of visitors. Behind this wall and close to it from its last turn northward, was a double line of Union infantry composed of Webb's right regiment and Smyth's and Willard's Brigades. There were also two Union lines from the Angle southward, but only one of them was near the wall and the other was 80 yards to the east of it. As already intimated, Kemper's and Garnett's Brigades and Pettigrew's Division when they reached the Angle wero greatly weakened and almost disorganized by their heavy losses of men and officers. Their ranks on Garnett's left and Pettigrew's right had also become much intermingled from the crowding together of their flanks during the advance, by reason of their different understanding, heretofore alluded to, as to how their march was to be guided. After crossing the Emmitsburg road, Archer's small brigade had been almost absorbed by the left of Garnett nnd the right of Pettigrew's North Carolina brigade. It was but a few minutes afttr the weakened front line reached the Angle when the brigades of Armistead, Scales and Lane rushed forward and mingled with it. And now we come to the last act of the great tragedy which only an in spired pencil could worthily paint. Armistead sprang on the wall with his hat on the point of his sword, called to his men to f ollow, and leaping down on the other side, pushed forward towards Cushing's battery. He was followed by two or three hundred "Virginians, a number of Archer's Tennesseeans and Alabamians, and a few of Pettigrew's North Carolinians. Judge Joseph J. Davis, of blessed memory, was one of them ; so he told me years ago. Some Confederate flags were planted on the wall and a few beyond it within the Union lines, but only for a very short time. General Armistead soon fell mortally wounded just forty steps east of the wall. The spot is marked with a Memorial stone. A number of the men who followed him over the wall were killed, most of them were captured, but a few made good their escape. Among these was Captain F. S. Harris, of the Seventh Tennessee Regiment, Archer's Brigade, who has shown me the spot where he was knocked down but rose again and made off and, for a wonder, got clear away. Armistead sent his watch, 108 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. purse, and some keep-sakes to his old comrade, General Han cock, to be forwarded to his family, and then passed "over the river to rest under the shade of the trees." And while Armistead and his heroic followers were over in the Angle, where were Pettigrew's and Trimble's thinned but gallant battalions ? They were making a desperate ef fort to storm the high stone wall eighty yards east of the Angle and were being mowed down like grain before the reaper by the double line of infantry behind that wall. A few men reached it, but finding it too high to leap over, could do nothing but surrender. Others made a near approach to it, but found their ranks so thinned that further effort was plainly useless. The larger proportion, both of officers and men, were stretched upon the ground killed or disabled about half way between the Angle and the stone wall which they were assailing. General Trimble, Colonel Marshall and Col onel Fry '.vere wounded and made prisoners. General Pet tigrew had his horse killed under him. Brockenborough's Brigade, weak in numbers, and a few companies of the left of Davis' Brigade, forming the Confederate line north of the Bryan barn, had been from the first vigorously assailed by flankers, as has been already mentioned, and when they were charging on the main Union line posted there on a high em bankment, the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth New York Regiment was wheeled to its left and thrown upon their left flank, inflicting heavy losses, and a terrific fire from the line of infantry in their front and a storm of grape and canis ter from Woodruff's Battery soon cut them to pieces and ren dered further efforts hopeless. By this time the entire line under Pickett, Pettigrew and Trimble, was overwhelmed and repulsed. The defeated Confederates fell back shattered and disorganized across the fields over which they had advanced so gallantly and proudly and the famous assault was over. [ have not mentioned Wilcox's Alabama, and Perry's Flor ida Brigades because they, in fact, and without any fault of theirs, really had no part in the assault. About twenty minutes after Pickett's Division started, they were ordered to1 advance and support it on its right. But the dense cloud of smoke over the field concealed from them the left oblique Longstreet's Assault at Gettysburg. 109 course which Pickett had taken after passing them, and so they marched straight forward, which caused a wide, wedge- shaped gap between them and Pickett's right, into which Stannard threw one of his Vermont regiments and captured the flag and about 100 men of the Eighth Florida. Colonel David Lang, who commanded the Florida Brigade, once visited Gettysburg and went with me over the ground ; and he told me that when they reached the Emmitsburg road near the Rogers House, he saw through a rift in the smoke that Pick ett's and Pettigrew's forces were being overwhelmed, and he would have turned back at once, but he thought it safer for his brigade to go forward at a double-quick and thus reach the bushy swale on Plum Run and escape by going down that southward to the Trostle Place and thence westward, as this route was not so directly swept by the Union artillery ; and both his and Wilcox's Brigades did this, with the above-men tioned loss to the Eighth Florida and considerable losses also to the other regiments of both brigades. A few more words will close this paper, and those words will be devoted to showing how unwise and undeserved it is for any of the magnificent heroes who took part' in that final bloody struggle at Gettysburg ever to impugn each other's chivalry on that occasion. I was not myself a participant in it ; I was away over at Round Top with the Fourth Alabama, hammering away at the Yankee infantry and cavalry and, strange as it may seem, we did not even know of that fatal ep isode two miles north of us until about sunset, and could scarcely believe it then. I have re-affirmed the well-known and truthful account of how gallantly Pickett's men fought, what they did, and how far they went. They had not been in the battle on the pre vious two days and were fresh and well organized with all their officers in their places. Their losses in that assault in killed, wounded and captured were a fraction over 63 per cent., which is much above the average losses of troops in bat tle. I have also stated whither and how far the faithful veterans of Pettigrew and Trimble advanced, which was near the high stone wall before mentioned eighty yards farther east than 110 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. the Angle and to' the left and northward of the spot where the noble Armistead fell. Does any one doubt the accuracy of that statement ? If so, I must suggest the undisputed fact that the best proof of where a line of soldiers went to is where they left their dead; and where that was in this case is established beyond question by multitudes of disin terested witnesses. A great many officers and soldiers of the Union Army, who were in the battle here and went over the ground where that final struggle took place, very soon af terwards, have talked with me about it and emphatically con firmed the facts as stated above. For instance, (to name one of them), Colonel E. B. Cope, the Engineer of our Gettys burg Park Commission, a gentleman of the highest character and a Union officer in the battle here, has often told me of how he was invited by one of General Meade's staff officers in the evening of that third day, to go with him up on the ridge and (to quote' the words of the officer who invited him), "see such a sight as he had never before seen on a battlefield." The Colonel says he went and was deeply impressed by what he saw. The dead, he says, were very numerous in the Angle around the spot where Armistead fell and between that and the stone wall over which he and his men had charged south of the Angle; but they were much more thickly strewn on the ground in front of the high stone wall which Pettigrew's and Trimble's men had tried to storm and which runs northward to the Bryan barn. In 1895, Colonel John K. Connally , of Asheville, who was Colonel of the Fifty-fifth North Carolina Regiment of Davis' Brigade, Lieutenant T. J. Falls, of Cleveland County, and Sergeant J. A. Whitley of Martin County, N. C, who had also served in that regiment and been in the battle here, made a visit to Gettysburg and went with me over the field. Colo nel Connally had lost an arm in the first day's fight; and (by the way) Lieutenant-Colonel M. T. Smith had been killed and Major A. H. Belo had been wounded on that day, so that the regiment on. the third day was under command of a Cap tain. Lieutenant Falls and Sergeant Whitley showed me the ground over which they had charged and the point they reached, which point, as noted on our maps and in my journal, Longstreet's Assault at Gettysburg. Ill is twenty steps south of the Bryan barn and just nine yards west of the stone wall which Pettigrew and Trimble tried to storm. Whilst we were driving stakes to mark the exact spots reached by them and also where Captain Satterfield, of Person County, had fallen dead near by them, several officers and men of the Thirty-ninth New York Regiment of Wil- lard's Brigade, who were on a visit to' the battlefield, came up to the stone wall near us and said that while, of course, they could not identify the men, they could swear that a thin line of "rebels" did reach the very spot where we were driving those stakes, and that it extended all along in front of the wall and about the same distance from it all the way to the Angle ; which was the whole front of Pettigrew's and Trimble's column. By reason of the death or disability of their generals and other officers, very imperfect reports have come down to us as to the numbers of men in the six brigades under Pettigrew and Trimble in that final assault and of the losses they suf fered ; and the reports we have do not discriminate between the losses of the first and third days. We have, however, some scant data from which one can in a measure divine how those battered battalions of the first day suffered also on the third. For instance, the Twenty-sixth North Carolina, of Pettigrew's own brigade, had entered the battle of the first day with 820 muskets, and lost in killed and wounded 584 men (71 per cent.), and also its Colonel, the gallant Bur- gwyn. It went into the fight of the Third day with 236 men and had but 80 left, a loss of over 66 per cent. Its brigade (Pettigrew's own) lost its commander, Colonel Marshall, mortally wounded and captured, and came out commanded by Major John T. Jones, the only field officer left, and its reg iments led by Lieutenants. Archer's Brigade lost five out of seven field officers, and its commander, Colonel Fry, was wounded and captured. All the field officers of Davis' Bri gade were disabled, and the losses of Scales; and Lane's were as heavy as those of the other brigades. But why prolong this story, already much longer than I had intended ? As the old Quaker once remarked at the close of the meeting, "A suf- 112 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. ficiency has been said. That is my opinion. I feel that way." The simple, honest truth is that Pickett's Virginians did as nobly as they and their friends have ever claimed, and the North Carolinians, Tennesseeans, Alabamians and Mississip- pians, under Pettigrew and Trimble, did fully as well. All old soldiers know that in the thick of a great bat tle men are too entirely absorbed in their own part of it to look much about them and observe what others are doing. Ftirthennorc, when a battle ends in defeat, everybody knows how prone men are to lay the responsibility for it on other shoulders than their own. So it has been in this case. Cor respondents of the press of Richmond, the capital of the Con federacy, where they had the ear of the world, reported that the failure of Longstreet's assault and our defeat at Gettys burg was chargeable to Pettigrew's and Trimble's men. This is a great mistake and a bitter wrong. That defeat was inevitable, as one can readily see now as he stands on the ground and observes how strong, how advantageous, how im pregnable the Union position was. When the shattered rem nants of that heroic column were falling back, our beloved commander, General Lee, met them and said; "This is all my fault. It is I who have lost this battle. Fall in, men, and help me out of it." He was too magnanimous and too truth ful to blame any of them. Let his noble example be followed. Let history be just and place a wreath of immortelles on the graves of them all. Wm. M. Robbins. Gettysburg, Pa., 3 July, 1901. PETTIGREW'S BRIGADE AT GETTYSBURG. 1-3 JULY, 1863. By CAPTAIN LOUIS G. YOUNG, A. A. G. The battle of Gettysburg was not a victory for either side, yet paradoxically, but rightly, it goes into history as one of the decisive battles of the war between the States, for it checked the conquering career of the Southern army, and re vived the broken spirit of the North at a most critical time. A great battle, replete with valiant deeds, heroic efforts, and fatal mistakes, on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, it has been more written of, and has produced more contro versy, than all the other battles of the war; and many able, some brilliant, accounts have been put forth, for the most part by non-participants, in all of which vital errors are to be found ; and while truth, with its proverbial slowness, has been taking time to put on its boots, many a falsehood has run its league and obtained credence. Against some of these my ef forts will be directed, with statements of whft I saw, and what 1 know to be true. Before beginning my narrative, however, it will be well to recall some of the incidents con nected with the campaign into Pennsylvania, which are so striking that it seems as if an unseen hand had directed them. General Lee expecting from General Stuart, in command of his cavalry, a report of the movement of the Army of the Potomac, and not receiving it, supposed the enemy was still on the south side of the Potomac, and only on 28 June did he learn from a scout that they had crossed into Maryland and were then at and about Frederick. Hitherto General Lee's march had been northward with Harrisburg as the objective point for concentrating his columns. Now, the position of the enemy's forces was a menace to his line of communication 8 114 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. and he turned to the east and ordered his columns to concen trate near Gettysburg. At the same time fateful changes had been made in the Army of the Potomac. Hooker, who had not shown himself an able commander at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, but who had wisely asked for the with drawal of the troops from Harper's Ferry, to be united with a portion of his army to operate against Lee's rear, tendered his resignation, because his request was refused ; and Lin coln, apparently glad to get rid of him, contrary to his theory and saying, "Never swap horses while crossing a stream," accepted Hooker's resignation, and gave to the Army of the Potomac an abler commander in Meade, who was waked up late on the night of 27 June, only three days before the bat tle he was destined to direct, to receive his appointment. This change of commanders meant a change of plans, and Meade, a cautious commander, determined to manceuver so as to force Lee to attack him ; and in making disposition for the defense of the line he had selected, ordered a portion of his army to Gettysburg as a mask to his movements. Thus it was that the two armies were nearing each other, neither of them ready for or expecting the impending conflict, and not aware that Gettysburg like a highly charged magnet was drawing them to it. On the night of 30 June, without thought of battle on the next day, Hill's Corps was in bivouac eight miles to the west of Gettysburg, the town was occupied by Buford's Division of cavalry ; and four miles to the southwest were the corps of Reynolds and Howard; with that of Sickles in calling dis tance, these three under command of Reynolds, a Kentuckian, and perhaps the most capable officer in the Army of the Po tomac. Now to my narrative, which will be chiefly of Pettigrew and his brigade. I was then General Pettigrew's Aide-de- Camp with the rank of First Lieutenant. Pettigrew's Brigade was composed of the Eleventh, Twen ty-sixth, Forty-fourth, Forty-seventh and Fifty-second North Carolina Troops. The Forty-fourth was left in Virginia on duty at North Anna river so was not present at Gettysburg. Hill's Corps had arrived at Cashtown, about eight miles Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 115 west of Gettysburg, on 29 June. On the following morning General Pettigrew was ordered by General Heth, his division commander, to go to Gettysburg with three of his four reg iments present, three field pieces of the Donaldsonville Artil lery, of Louisiana, and a number of wagons, for the purpose of collecting commissary and quartermaster stores for the use of the army. General Early had levied on Carlisle, Cham- bersburg and Shippensburg, and had found no difficulty in having his requisitions filled. It was supposed that it would be the same at Gettysburg. It was told to General Pettigrew that he might find the town in possession of a home guard, which he would have no difficulty in driving away; but if, contrary to expectations, he should find any organized troops capable of making resistance, or any portion of the Army of the Potomac, he should not attack it. The orders to him were peremptory, not to precipitate a fight. General Lee with his columns scattered, and lacking the information of his adversary, which he should have had from his cavalry, was not ready for battle — hence the orders. On the march to Gettysburg we were passed by General Longstreet's spy who quickly returned and informed General Pettigrew that Buford's Division of cavalry — estimated at three thousand strong — had arrived that day and were hold ing the town. This report was confirmed by a Knight of the Golden Circle who came out for the purpose of giving us warning. Buford's presence made it evident that the Army of the Potomac, or at least a portion of it, was not far off, and General Pettigrew sent immediately to General Heth, a report of what he had learned and asked for further instruc tions. The message received in reply, was simply a repeti tion of the orders previously given coupled with an expres sion of disbelief as to the presence of any portion of the Army of the Potomac. As the presence of Buford's Cavalry was certain, and it would not be possible for him to enter Gettys burg without a fight, which he was forbidden to make, Gen eral Pettigrew withdrew from before Gettysburg. This he did, not as was reported to General Lee, "because he was not willing to hazard an attack with the single brigade," (he had only three regiments of his brigade), though with Buford's 116 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Cavalry, supported no doubt by a home guard, to fight, the cost of the stores when gotten would have been dear, still General Pettigrew was willing to make the attack had not his orders forbidden it. Buford's Cavalry followed us at some dis tance, and Lieutenant Walter H. Robertson and I, of Petti grew's staff, remained in the rear to watch it. This we easily did, for the country is rolling, and from behind the ridges we could see without being seen and we had a perfect view of the movements of the approaching column. Whenever it would come within three or four hundred yards of us we would make our appearance, mounted, when the column would halt until we retired. This was repeated several times. It was purely an affair of observation on both sides and the cavalry made no effort to molest us. My object in mentioning so minutely what might seem unimportant and purely personal will appear when I narrate what happened the next day, and will help to show how the great battle of Gettysburg was stumbled into. Blindness in part seemed to have come over our commanders, who, slow to believe in the presence of an organized army of the enemy, thought there must be a mistake in the report taken back by General Pettigrew, but General Heth asked for and ob tained permission to take his division to Gettysburg on the following day, for the purpose of reconnoiteriug, and of making the levy which had been the object of the expedition on the day before. Neither General Heth nor General Hill believed in the presence of the enemy in force, and they ex pressed their doubts so positively to General Pettigrew that I was called up to tell General Hill what I had seen while re- connoitering the movements of the force which had followed us from Gettysburg. As a staff officer with General Pender, I had served under General Hill in the seven davs fights around Richmond and at Cedar Run, and because I was well known to General Hill, General Pettigrew supposed that my report might have some weight with him. Yet, when in an swer to his inquiry as to the character of the column I had watched I said their movements were undoubtedly those of well-trained troops and not those of a home guard, he replied that he still could not believe that any portion of the Army of Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 117 the Potomac was up; and in emphatic words, expressed the hope that it was, as this Avas the place he wanted it to be. This spirit of unbelief had taken such hold, that I doubt if any of the commanders of brigades, except General Petti grew, believed that we were marching to battle, a weakness on their part which rendered them unprepared for what was about to happen. General Archer with his Tennessee Bri gade, was to lead, and General Pettigrew described to him minutely the topography of the country between Cashtown and Gettysburg, and suggested that he look out for a road that ran at right angles to the one we were on, and which might be used by the enemy to break into his line of march. And, as he had carefully observed the configuration of the ground in the vicinity of the town, told General Archer of a ridge some distance out of Gettysburg on which he would probably find the enemy, as this position was favorable for defense. He found him there. General Archer listened, but believed not, marched on unprepared, and was taken by surprise, his command routed, a part captured and he himself taken prisoner. Davis' Mississippi Brigade, close on to Archer's, felt the impact, and a portion of it, carried away by the break in front, made the mistake of seeking shelter in an adjacent railroad cut, and about four hundred of them were captured there. For want of faith in what had been told, and a consequent lack of caution, the two leading bri gades of Heth's Division marched into the jaws of the enemy, met with disaster, and, contrary to General Lee's wish, brought on an engagement with the Army of the Potomac be fore we were ready, and precipitated one of the greatest bat tles of modern times. Buford, informed by his scouts of the approach of Heth, posted his command, dismounted and acting as infantry, on McPherson's Ridge to the west of Gettysburg, and notified Reynolds, who, according to the testimony before the commit tee on the conduct of the war, had just received orders to withdraw to Middleburg and Manchester, but who, Swinton says, "was with Wadsworth's Division moving on to Gettys burg according to prescribed orders." Be this as it may, Reynolds was up immediately ; and Wadsworth's Division 118 North Carolina Troops, 186l-'65. arrived in time to strike Archer as he was crossing Willough- by Run, and to cause the disaster I have described. Blood now having been drawn, there seemed to be no calling off the battle; and disposition was immediately made by Heth for a charge upon the enemy's position. By this time Buford's Cavalry had been replaced by Wadsworth's Division, with the famous "Iron Brigade" posted directly in front of Petti grew's Brigade. The other two divisions of the first corps arrived before the advance could be ordered, and were placed, Doubleday's to the left and Robinson's to the right of Wads- worth, forming a long line in front of, and overlapping the single division of Heth. It was scarcely prudent for this division, two of its brigades maimed in the start, to make an attack on so large a force, strongly posted on a commanding ridge, so Pender's Division was marched to supporting dis tance, and the attack postponed. Pending these movements on our side, the Eleventh Corps of the Army of the Potomac had arrived, and the command of the two corps fell to Howard, Reynolds having been killed in the first engagement. More troops were therefore neces sary to us, for we had only two divisions of infantry up against six of the enemy, and their cavalry hovered on our right, while we had none to oppose it. It was decided theie- fore to wait for R. H. Anderson's Division of Hill's Corps, not far off, and for Ewell's Corps, which under the instruc tions previously given to concentrate in the neighborhood of Gettysburg, was on the march for Cashtown, but on hearing our guns, was shaping its course for Gettysburg. Rodes' Division coming up first, immediately attacked Robinson on our left, and was followed soon by Early, who turned How ard's left and put to flight the army of the aliens — Schurz' Division of Germans. Acting in concert with Ewell's two divisions — his third did not arrive until later — Heth's Divis ion was ordered to charge the enemy in its front. We had confronted each other from early in the morning until the afternoon had well advanced, both sides understanding that a conflict of arms was in store for them, we ready to make the attack and they prepared to receive it. Only a few hundred yards separated us ; they were advantageously posted in three Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 119 lines on McPherson's Ridge, their right in a wood of large trees, no underbrush; and a wheat field lay between us with no other obstruction than the nearly ripe wheat. As I have before stated, the "Iron Brigade" was posted directly in front of us. It was the finest brigade in the Army of the Potomac, and up to this time it had indulged in the proud boast that it had never been defeated. On the right of us, Archer's Brigade met with little opposition, and on our left Brockenborough's and Davis' Brigades were not so hotly engaged. Thus the brunt of the attack fell to Petti grew's Brigade, more especially to its left. When the order came to advance, Pettigrew's Brigade about 3,000 strong, marched out in perfect alignment, and under as hot a fire as was ever faced, moved steadily through the wheat, reserved its fire for close range, which when delivered, it pressed on until it overcame its adversary. It was a hotly contested field, and the stubborn resistance of the "Iron Brigade" was met with more than equal determination on the part of Petti grew's Brigade. For a short time the battle raged at forty, then twenty, yards between the contestants. In the Twenty-sixth North Carolina thirteen standard- bearers were shot down ; and around a flag of the enemy, which was planted beside a large tree, the dead and wounded were piled up. At last with a rush the ridge was carried,* and the famous "Iron Brigade" nearly annihilated. Only a small remnant was left, to be easily driven from its second position on Seminary Ridge by Pender's Division. Of this charge the prisoners testified, that in defence of their own country, they fought as they had never done before, but that there was no withstanding such an attack. Petti grew's Brigade, although it took only twenty to thirty min- * When we occupied the wood recently held by the enemy my atten tion was attracted by the dreadful — not moans but — howls of some of the wounded It was so distressing that I approached several with the purpose of calming them if possible, and to my surprise I found them foaming at the mouth as if mad, and evidently unconscious of the sound of their voices This was the only occurrence of the kind which came under my observation during the war, and I attribute it to the effect upon the nerves of the quick, frightful conflict following several hours of suspense. 120 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. utes to cover the ground between it and the enemy, was more hotly engaged than were any of the troops that participated in the first day's fight, and more of the enemy were killed and wounded in front of it than on any other part of the field. I have taken part in many hotly contested fights, but this I think, was the deadliest of them all, not excepting the third day's charge on Cemetery Ridge; and never have I seen or known of better conduct on the part of any troops, under any circumstances, or at any time. The marked achievement of Pettigrew's Brigade on this occasion was accomplished only at great sacrifice of life. It lost not one prisoner, but its loss in killed and wounded was 1,000 to 1,100, including a num ber of its best officers. The Twenty-sixth North Carolina Regiment lost 549 out of 800. The Eleventh Regiment some 250 out of 550. The five field officers present with these two regiments were killed or wounded. The Inspector-General of the brigade was killed, and its Ordnance Officer wounded. In the many so-called histories of the battle of Gettysburg, which I have seen, I have found no record of these facts. The brilliant, achievement of Pettigrew's Brigade on this day, its persistent courage, and its great sacrifice, have never met with merited acknowledgment.* In the midst < if the engagement General Heth was wounded and General Pettigrew was placed in command of the divis ion. Colonel Burgwyn, of the Twenty-sixth, had been killed, and Colonel Leventhorpe, of the Eleventh, had been wounded, so the command of General Pettigrew's Brigade fell to Col onel Marshall, of the Fifty-second, a very able young officer. I vividly recall my impression after the attack. The bril liant success of Rodes and Early on our left, ours in driving the enemy from our front into a position on Seminary Ridge •In Borne accounts it is stated that we were fighting for several hours. On the skirmish line there was firing for several hours, but the charge on the enemy's line was quick work. To confirm my impression of the time taken, which I remember as about twenty minutes. I took occasion at the Confederate reunion in Charleston to look up evidence, and I found two privates who had taken part in the charge. They were not together when I put the question as to the time occupied in the charge; both answered promptly, one said twenty minutes and the other about half an hour. Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 121 from which he was quickly driven by Pender, left us with troops enough to follow up our success, and I wondered that we did not do so and take possession of Cemetery Ridge, which I believed then, and believe now, we could have done easily. The troops which had been engaged, although they had suffered severe losses, were in high spirit and ready to go on. In Ewell's Corps, Johnson's Division had come up fresh, and in Hill's Corps, Pender's Division had been only slightly engaged, while Anderson was in bivouac a short distance away. That we did not continue the fight was the first opportunity frittered away. If Ewell's and Hill's Divisions had pressed forward when the enemy re tired to Cemetery Ridge, the battle of Gettysburg would have ended on the day it began. Ewell did not advance when Gen eral Lee wished him, Hill's Corps was halted, and the enemy availed of our delay to hasten up fresh troops and to strengthen his position.* The 2 July was also a day of lost opportunities for the Confederates. An early attack on either flank of the enemy could scarcely have failed of success. His line, three miles long, aptly described as resembling a fish hook, with Round Top Mountain to the south the end of the shank, and Culp's Hill, to the north the end of the curve, was a very strong de fensive position if thoroughly fortified and manned with troops ; but either end taken by us would have rendered it un tenable, and would have enabled us to sweep down upon the enemy and destroy him before he could escape. It was' evi dent that Meade's whole army could not all be up. The fact is, that only the First, Eleventh and a part of the Third Corps were present, the Second was distant thirteen miles, * General R. H. Anderson, of South Carolina, told me after the war, that hearing our guns early in the day, he was hastening with his brig ade to join us; was not more than two miles away, when he was met by a messenger from General Lee with an order for him to halt and bivouac his brigade. Surprised at this, he first obeyed the order, and then rode on to Gettysburg to see General Lee and learn from him if this message was correctly delivered General Lee replied that there was no mistake made, and explained that his army was not all up, that he was in igno rance as to the force of the enemy in front, that his (General Anderson's) alone of the troops present, had not been engaged, and that a reserve in case of disaster, was necessary. 122 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the Fifth 23 miles, and the Sixth (16,000 strong) 34 miles. Here was an opportunity to crush the enemy in detail; and General Lee having nearly the whole of his army with him, was ready and anxious to avail of it. Meade's refused right on Gulp's Hill, if driven in, would have placed Lee's left partly in rear of it ; this therefore seemed to be the most vul nerable point, and General Lee at first wished Ewell and Hill to commence the attack, to be followed up by Longstreet, on Hill's right ; but Ewell's and Hill's troops had been hotly en gaged, and the enemy's position in their front would be very formidable if fortified during the night, which it was, so Longstreet was instructed to open the attack on the enemy's left, as soon as possible in the morning, (he was expected to do so at sunrise), while Ewell should make a demonstration on his right, so as to prevent reinforcements being sent to re lieve the point of the main attack in front of Longstreet. Had this simple plan been carried out, one cannot doubt that the enemy's left positions would have fallen into our hands; and with little Round Top, which Meade said rightly was the key to his whole position, in our possession, three of the corps of the Army of the Potomac would have been crushed before they could have received assistance, we would have oc cupied Cemetery Ridge, and the battle of Gettysburg ended early on the second day. But Long-street's heart was not in the attack ; his troops were near the battle field at day break, ready and waiting, while he "went to General Lee's headquar ters at daylight and renewed his (my) views against making an attack." ( Longstreet's words). Every moment lost by us was gain to the enemy, whose distant corps were hurrying to Gettysburg. Vet General Lee, not desiring to force Long- street against his will, again reconnoitered the right of the enemy's position to see if it might not be better to make his main attack there ; but he found that during the night Culp's Hill had been turned into a fort. He therefore at 11 o'clock ordered Longstreet to attack, which order was not obeyed, on the plea of waiting for Law's Brigade, which was on picket. The attack, therefore, instead of being at sunrise, or at 11 o'clock, was postponed to late in the afternoon, some nine hours later than it should have been. Bv this time Meade Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 123 had strengthened his left, new troops had arrived and what would, without doubt have been an easy and brilliant success in the morning, was a cruel failure in the afternoon. Heth's Division was not engaged on the 2d. The third day found the Army of Northern Virginia weak ened by the hard fighting of the first day, and by the dis jointed efforts of the second, but there was still left in its "incomparable Southern infantry" the spirit and strength to achieve success if a proper concert of action could be obtained. General Lee, therefore, decided to renew the attack, this time on the enemy's left center, his flanks being now too strongly fortified and guarded. The attack was again unfortunately intrusted to Longstreet, who, if he had little heart for the sec ond day's fight, made no concealment of the fact, that he had none at all for the third day's ; and to this cause, without seek ing any other, may be traced its failure. The weight of ev idence goes to prove that it was General Lee's intention that Longstreet. should make the attack with his entire corps, to be supported by half of Hill's Corps, all of it if necessary, and should this force succeed in penetrating the enemy's line, all the troops on the right to be pushed forward. Meanwhile Ewell on our left, acting in concert, was to assail the enemy's right so as to prevent him from reinforcing his center, and to assist in crushing his right wing. The artillery was to pre pare the way, and before the smoke of the guns should have cleared away the attacking column was to be started. All this required concert and prompt, spirited action. But this is what happened. "General Longstreet's dispositions were not completed as expected," (General R. E. Lee's report) and therefore Ewell could not be notified, his attack, which was to have been simultaneous with that of Longstreet's, was made and repulsed. Thus the object of the diversion on the enemy's right was defeated. At 11 o'clock Colonel A. P. Alexander, in charge of the artillery, with nearly 150 guns ranged along Seminary Ridge, reported that he was ready; but not until 1 p. m. was the order given by Longstreet to commence firing. At the appointed signal our artillery opened on the enemy with its 150 guns, and kept it up for nearly two hours. Meanwhile the assaulting column had 124 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. been formed, but its composition was not on the scale contem plated by General Lee. Instead of its being the entire First Corps with the Third to support it, Longstreet had selected only Pickett's Division from his corps, to which were added from Hill's Corps Heth's Division, two brigades from Pen der's and one from Anderson's. Pickett's Division of three brigades was posted in two lines behind a rise on which runs the Emmettsburg road, its right supported by Wilcox's Brigade. Heth's Division to the left of Pickett's, and fully one hundred yards further back, was in one line behind the crest of Seminary Ridge, with Lane's and Scales' Brigades under Trimble in rear of its right. When Pettigrew, commanding Heth's Division, reported to Longstreet he was instructed to form in rear of Pickett as a support to his division, but before the order could be ex ecuted it was countermanded, and directions given to place the division under the nearest cover to the left of Pickett's Division, with which it would advance in line. The align ment of the divisions from right to left, was, Archer's Bri gade of Tennesseeans under Colonel B. D. Fry; Pettigrew's North Carolinians under Colonel James K. Marshall ; Davis' Mississippians under General Joseph Davis, and Brockenbo- rough's Virginians under Colonel Robert Mayo. Pickett's was the directing division; when it moved, Heth's Division was to move and as soon as possible overtake Pickett and continue the advance in line with it on its left. After much delay and uncertainty as to whether the attack would be made at all, Longstreet at last, with a nod of the head, started Pick ett, and immediately Archer's and Pettigrew's Brigades moved forward. Pettigrew had taken every precaution to insure concert of action in the division; but this was no easy matter, for the woods which concealed us from view of the enemy, and to some extent sheltered us from his shells, con tained other troops seeking the same shelter, and it so hap pened that General Davis, who afterwards told me that he had been indignant with General Pettigrew for cautioning him so frequently to conform promptly to the movement of Pettigrew's Brigade on his right, mistook other troops for Pettigrew's and did not discover his mistake until the two Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 125 right brigades had advanced some distance. When we emerged from the wood into the plain, the absence of the two left brigades was discovered, and General Pettigrew instruct ed me to go for them with all speed, but I had scarcely turned to do so, when out came Davis from the woods with a rush, but not Brockenborough's Brigade, and I asked General Pet tigrew if I should go for it. He replied, "No," that it might follow, and if it failed to do so it would not matter. This was a small brigade that had suffered from frequent change of commanders, and had been so badly handled that it was in a chronic state of demoralization, and was not to be relied upon; it was virtually of no value in a fight. Afterward it advanced to the protection of some rifle pits in front of Sem inary Ridge, but it took no part in the charge. The day was beautifully clear; the smoke from the guns of the artillery, which was to have concealed our start, had been blown away. Before us lay bright fields, and a fair landscape, embracing hill and dale and mountain; and be yond, fully three-fourths of a mile away loomed up Ceme tery Ridge, for two miles, its heights capped with cannon, and behind them the whole Army of the Potomac waiting for our little band. Davis' Brigade with its impetuous rush soon caught up with the two brigades of Heth's Division which had preceded it, and then the three, pushing forward together, caught up with Pickett's Division, making one line of the two divisions, which first through shot and shell, then grape and canister, then a hail of bullets from the musketry, marched over the plain, surmounted every obstacle, and reached the enemy's position, the strength of which was all he could desire. From the crest upon which he was entrenched the hill sloped gradually, forming a natural glacis and the configuration of the ground was such that when the left of our line approached his line it must come within the arc of a circle, from which an oblique and the enfilade fire could be, and was, concentrated upon it. On the right Pickett's Divis ion, Archer's and a part of Pettigrew's Brigade had pene trated the works, and so would all of it have done, but in the advance the pressure had been from right to left, and when the line reached the ridge, it was slightly oblique ; consequent- 126 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. ly the left of Heth's Division was thrown back somewhat. When not far from the stone fence behind which the enemy's infantry was entrenched, Davis' Brigade, reduced to a line of skirmishers, broke. It had suffered a great deal in the first day's fight; and in its rush from the wood on Seminary Ridge, it had arrived right oblique on Pettigrew's left, and in process of forcing its line back to the left, in order to get into position, there was for a little while a huddling of the men together, which exposed them to greater loss than should have been, but the line was soon straightened out, and no troops could have done better until they broke ; but this bri gade was on the extreme left, not a support of any kind to brace it up, and exposed to flank, oblique and direct fire, what hope or confidence could be left to the few men, that if they held on they could succeed. General Fitzhugh Lee, in his work entitled "General Lee," says of the left brigades of our assaulting columns, which includes Davis', Pettigrew's and Archer's : "They made their assault in front of Hay's and Gibbon's Divisions, Second Corps, in the vicinity of Ziegler's Grove. Stormed at with shot and shell this column moved steadily on, closing up the gaps made, and preserving the alignment. 'They moved up splendidly,' wrote a Northern officer, 'deploy ing as they crossed the long, sloping interval. The front of the column was nearly up the slope, and within a few yards of the Second Corps' front and its batteries, when suddenly a terrific fire from every available gun on Cemetery Ridge burst upon them. Their graceful lines underwent an instan taneous transformation ; in a dense cloud of smoke and dust, arms, heads, blankets, guns, and knapsacks were tossed in the air, and the moans from the battlefield were heard from amid the storm of battle. Sheets of missiles flew through what seemed a moving mass of smoke ; human valor was powerless, and the death-dealing guns were everywhere throwing blazing projectiles in their faces.' No troops could advance and live. The fiery ousl aught Was repulsed as Pickett's Division had been, and then the survivors of both came back to their former positions, but not one-half of the fourteen thousand. The famous charge was over." Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 127 General Pettigrew had assigned me to the left of the divis ion, and my duty was to see that the proper alignment was kept and if necessary to encourage the men, should there be any sign of faint-heartedness. At first I found it difficult to keep the men from crowding, and to make them give way to the pressure from the right, and this may have given the impression to some lookers on that our line wavered, but this trouble was soon remedied by the thinning of the ranks, done by shot and shell. As to my second duty, that of encouraging the men to move forward, there was no need of a word from me. When gaps were made in the line the ranks closed up of their own accord, and continued to advance, until the catas trophe, which I have described. Of course no troops, it mat ters not what their straits, should retire from an attack with out orders to do so ; but there is certainly mitigation for those who had none of their company officers to look to, and there were many companies, reduced to a few men, whose officers had all fallen. When what was left of Davis' Brigade broke it did so in an instant, there was none of the before-hand wav ering reported by Longstreet and others, who were looking on from afar or not at all. This, like many others of the reports concerning the charge, was wholly imaginary. When Davis' Brigade broke, I reported to General Pettigrew and he imme diately sent me to General Trimble to ask him to hasten for ward to our support. I was then on foot. My gallant mare — and that she was gallant, her groom,* who was with me all during the war, and who has been my friend and servant for forty years, can testify — had succumbed to three wounds ; and do not think me heartless, when I tell you, that when I placed a wounded soldier on her and sent them out, the thoughts of my heart were more with the spirited animal which had borne me bravely through many perils, than with my hurt comrade. I ran as fast as I could to deliver the mes sage entrusted to me. General Trimble and his brigade were not and had not been in supporting distance ; they also must have been delayed, as was Davis' Brigade in the wood on Seminary Ridge. Be this as it may, they were too late to 'James E. Norwood, a colored man. 128 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. give any assistance to the assaulting column. When I deliv ered my message, I knew it was too late, and I recall my sad reflection, "What a pity that these brave men should be sacri ficed." Already had the remnants of Pickett's and Heth's Divisions broken. They broke simultaneously. They had together struck the stone fence, driven back the enemy posted behind it, looked down on the multitude beyond; and in the words of General McLaws, who was watching that attack, "rebounded like an India rubber ball." The lodgment ef fected, was apparently only for an instant. No twenty min utes expired, as claimed by some, before the hand full of brave men was driven back by overwhelming numbers. Then Trimble's command should have been ordered to the rear. It continued its useless advance alone, only to return before it had gone as far as we had. After delivering my message to General Trimble I re turned to General Pettigrew. I found him walking out qui etly ; he too had been dismounted, and together we returned to our starting point, arriving there after most of the survi vors from the two divisions. Thus ended the famous battle of Gettysburg. Notwithstanding the failure of its efforts, the army was still unconquered in spirit, and had Meade fol lowed us back to Seminary Ridge, he would have found our troops ready to mete out to him what he had given us. But according to General Sickles, before the committee on the con duct of the war, "it was by no means clear, in the judgment of the corps commanders, or of the general in command, whether they had won or not," they therefore made no coun ter attack, and scarcely molested General Lee's army, as it slowly and deliberately withdrew, and returned to Virginia. The number composing the assaulting column on this last day is variously estimated at 13,500 to 18,000 men. The troops actually engaged were in reality, only Pickett's Divis ion of 4,500 to 5,000, and three brigades of Heth's, which were at the outside not over 4,000. Wilcox on the right ad vanced only a small part of the way and was of no assistance to Pickett, and Trimble's advance was too late to be of the least support to our left. The little band of less than 9,000 men had traversed the wide plain, intersected with fences Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 129 running, some parallel, some oblique to our line, without shel ter of any kind, without assistance from our artillery which had expended its ammunition, and had done no damage to that of the enemy or its infantry. The charge was grand, but that is all it was. "Some one had blundered." Said General Lee, "had I had Stonewall Jackson at Gettysburg I would have won a great victory." So I believe, but the man tle of Elijah had not fallen on Elisha. Longstreet was not Jackson. There was, now is and always will be given to Pickett's Division exalted praise for its part in this famous charge upon the heights of Gettysburg and it deserves it ; but I claim for Pettigrew's and Archer's Brigade not only equal, but a larger share of the honors of the day ; and even to Davis' Bri gade, although the first to break, is due the tribute which is the meed of noble effort and heroic sacrifice in face of certain defeat. Whatever might have been the probabilities on the right and center of the assaulting column, there was no hope for the left, its flank stormed on by every conceivable missile of destruction. In its shattered condition it could have made no lodgment. Pickett on the right, although not supported by Wilcox as was intended, had the advantage of having been formed in two lines — two brigades on the front, one on the second line as a support : whereas Heth's Division, under or ders, advanced in one line. Pickett's Division having been posted more than one hundred yards in advance of Heth's, had a shorter distance to go ; and above all, Pickett's Division was fresh. It had not yet participated in the battle ; its or ganization was complete, with a full roll of staff and field of ficers. Heth's Division had suffered great loss on the 1st, and General Pettigrew had with him as division staff, only the young volunteer aide, W. B. Sheppard, and myself; therefore the brigades of Archer and Pettigrew, which did in all respects as well as did Pickett's Division, are entitled to more credit, whereas they have been often included in the number of those blamed for the failure of the charge on Cem etery Ridge. No State in the Confederacy contributed braver, more de voted or better soldiers, or a greater number of them than did 9 130 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. North Carolina ; and yet in this instance, for some unaccount able reason, they were made a mark for ignorant or vicious and false disparagement. In Heth's Division, of the sixteen regiments present at Gettysburg, only five were from North Carolina, yet such stuff as this, conceived in the brilliant im agination of Swinton, finds credence and is repeated in other histories of like kind. Says Swinton : "It happens that the division on the left of Pickett under command of General Pettigrew was in considerable part made up of North Caro lina troops, comparatively green. To animate them they had been told that they would only meet Pennsylvania mili tia ; but when approaching the slope they received the feu d'enfer from Henry's line, there ran through the rank a cry the effect of which was like that which thrilled a Greek army when it was said that the god Pan was among them: 'The Army of the Potomac' Then, suddenly disillusioned re garding their opponents, Pettigrew's troops broke in disorder leaving two thousand prisoners and fifteen colors in the hands of Henry's Division." Brilliant rhetoric, but not truth. Think of the audacity of the manufacture. It says of Heth's Division, that it was "in considerable part made up of North Carolinians," when they were only as five to sixteen; and then that they were frightened at a cry, "The Army of the Potomac." This, two days after Pettigrew's Brigade of North Carolinians had nearly annihilated the best brigade in the Northern army. Another matter of no little importance. The division, even by such authority as Colonel Walter H. Taylor, of Gen eral Lee's Staff, is spoken of as "Pettigrew's Division." Pet tigrew had no division. The division was Heth's, and should be so spoken of whether in praise or blame. "In war," said Napoleon, "men are nothing, a man is everything." Troops are what their commanders make them ; and General Petti grew had no hand in molding Heth's Division. Nor is it fair to blame Heth for the shortcoming of Brockenborough's Virginia Brigade, under Robert Mayo, the only troops on the ground which really behaved badly, for the division had been formed only a few weeks before, and had been constantly on the march since. There was not time for the influence of Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 131 the commander to be felt. In this matter not even a suspi cion of blame must be attached to the name of Pettigrew, whose genius was such that its influence inspired and became a part of the humblest soldier in his command. He had in a few months made of his brigade as fine a body of infantry as ever trod the earth, and his men would have followed him wherever he led, or gone wherever he told them to go, no mat ter how desperate the enterprise. The brigade never lost the inspiration of his name, and from first to last was one of the very best in the army of the Confederate States. Its bap tism of blood at Gettysburg prepared it for all subsequent hardships, and never, until included in the surrender of the 9,000 at Appomattox, did it fail to respond to the command to go forward. Its career was brilliant, and its history should be written and preserved. Its losses at Gettysburg attest its fierce struggle in that famous battle. On the morn ing of 1 July it numbered 2,800 to 3,000, on the 4th 935. All the field officers, save one who was captured, were killed or wounded; and the brigade was commanded after the repulse from Cemetery Ridge by Major Jones, of the Twenty-sixth North Carolina, who had been struck by a fragment of a shell on the 1st, and knocked down and stunned on the 3d ; Gen eral Pettigrew was painfully wounded, two of his staff were killed,* and one so seriously wounded as to deprive the bri gade of his services. On 1 July, Captain Tuttle, of the Twenty-sixth North Carolina, led into action two Lieuten ants and 84 men. All of the officers and 83 men were killed or wounded. On the same day Company C, of the Eleventh, lost two officers killed and 34 out of 38 men killed and wound ed. Captain Bird with the four remaining, participated in the fight of the 3d ; of these the flag bearer was shot, and the Captain brought out the flag himself. These I give as ex amples to show how persistently our men fought. The losses in several other companies were nearly as great as these. In the engagement of 1 July we lost no prisoners. After * Captain W. W. McCreery. Inspector General, was killed on 1 July. Captain N. C. Hughes, A A. G., was mortally wounded on the 3rd when with the Brigade under Colonel Marshall. Lieutenant Walter H. Rob ertson, Ordnance Officer, was wounded on the 1st. 132 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the repulse of 3 July, the enemy advanced a heavy line of skirmishers and captured some of the brigade, but no blame is to be attached to these. Lieutenant-Colonel John A. Graves, of the Forty-seventh North Carolina, whose courage often elicited comment and praise, would not permit those of his regiment in his hear ing, some 150 men, to retire, telling them to wait the arrival of the supports, with which they would advance ; they were then not far from the stone fence. The supports never reached this point, and the Lieutenant-Colonel and his men were taken prisoners. It is said that the Northern soldiers cheered the gallant charge made by the assaulting column on the third day, and of Lincoln it is reported that, looking from the steeps of Cem etery Ridge, he said, "I am proud to be the countryman of the men who assailed these heights." Is it not a crying shame that while our very enemies do us honor, there should be some among our own people to slander our brave soldiers ? The historian of the future will weigh the evidence in the scales of truth, and do justice to all. Praise is due to their memory, and for ourselves it is good to render it, since "we in some measure take part in good ac tions when we praise them sincerely." Heroic deeds are torches to light the paths of our young, and — "Heaven doth with us as we with torches do, Not light them for themselves. " I would like especially to tell of General James Johnston Pettigrew, who was a soldier of the highest attainments; in strength of intellect approaching nearer the attributes of genius than any it has been my fortune to meet, and in char acter like Robert E. Lee. But this article is full long, and I can only say of our dead heroes, that — "Tbey died As they wished to die, the past is sure ; Whatever of sorrow may betide, Those who still linger by the stormy shore, Change cannot harm them now nor fortune touch them more." Louis G. Young, Savannah, Ga., 3 July, 1901. PETTIQREV'5 BRIGADE AT GETTYSBURG. By JOHN T. JONES, Lieutenant-Colonel Twenty-Sixth Regiment North Carolina Troops. Our division was in the front line on the left of Pickett, and a prolongation of the same line. Our brigade was on the right of the division — our regiment (Twenty-sixth) on the right of the brigade — consequently immediately on the left of Pickett. When we started, we were on the diameter of a cir cle, and as we advanced, Pickett following the arc of the cir cle, necessarily rather contracted the lines towards the cen ter. We all moved off in as magnificent style as I ever saw, the lines perfectly formed. On we went. When we had crossed about half the intervening space the enemy opened on us with a tremendous shower of grape and canister, but on we dashed, our brigade and Pickett's men. I could see nothing of the rest of our division, as they were too far to the left. My whole attention was directed to our own bri gade and Pickett's Division, as we had been ordered to keep dressed to the right. When we had gotten within about 100 yards of the enemy's works, we commenced firing, but still advancing. The storm of lead which now met us is beyond description. Grape and canister intermingled with minies and buckshot. The smoke was dense and at times I could scarcely distinguish my own men from Pickett's, and to say that any one a mile off could do so, is utterly absurd. On Note. — This article is an extract from a letter to the father of Colonel Henry K. Burgwyn written from Culpepper C H., 30 July, 1863, by John T. Jones of the Twenty sixth North Carolina Regiment who as Major came out of the charge at Gettysburg in command of Pettigrew's brigade and was published in the Fayettenlle Observer 18 April, 1861 It has the great merit of being cotemporaneous evidence from a most unquestionable source. This gallant young officer was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel to date from 1 July, 1863, and was killed at the Wilderness 6 May, 1864. 134 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. we pushed, and were now right upon the enemy's works when we received a murderous fire upon our left flank. I looked to see where it came from, and lo, we were completely flanked upon our left, not only by infantry, but by artillery. Here candor compels me to admit that one of the brigades of our division had given way, the enemy had seized upon the gap, and now poured a galling fire into our left, which compelled the troops to give way in succession to the right. What could we do now ? At the very moment I thought victory ours, I saw it snatched from our hands. With no support upon the left, I asked myself what we should do. I had only about sixty men left in my regiment, and that small number dimin ishing evu-y moment. The others had suffered as badly. The order ame from the right to fall back. We did so at the same time with Pickett. The day was lost. You must ob serve I do not attach any blame to Pickett. I think he did his duty, and if he did, we certainly did ours, because I know we went as far as he did, and I can safely assert some distance beyond, owing to the shape of the enemy's works, which ran backward in our front in the form of a curve, and which compelled us to go beyond where Pickett's men were already at their works in order to reach them ourselves. The color- bearer of my regiment was shot down while attempting to plant the flag on the wall. I will here mention a remark made to me afterwards by General Pettigrew. With tears in his eyes he spoke of the loss in his brigade, and then re marked: "My noble brigade had gained the enemy's works, and would have held them had not 's brigade given way. Oh ! had they have known the consequences that hung upon their action at that moment, they would have pressed on." It is well to be remembered that while Pickett's men were perfectly fresh, having never fired a gun and having just come up, our brigade had been terribly cut up on the 1st, especially two of the regiments. The Twenty-sixth, which went into action on the 1st 850 strong, on the 3d only had for duty 230 men, and not officers enough to command the companies. If some troops can gain so much credit for being defeated, is it not strange that nothing is said of us when we (on the 1st) Pettigrew's Brigade at Gettysburg. 135 drove line after line of the enemy from their positions like sheep, and pursued them for two miles. What I say of our brigade I might say of the whole division. No troops ever fought better than ours. We were engaged for hours with five times our number, and routed them completely ; but our loss was fearful — about 50 per cent. — among them our best officers. Our Major-General was wounded the first day. Captains and Lieutenants were in command of regiments on the 3d. Still we were put in the front rank, the post of honor, and not in support, as the Enquirer has it, when there were other troops comparatively fresh, who might have taken our place. Does not this show the confidence of our general in us? Then look at our losses, which leaving out of account the first day, greatly exceed those of any other troops. Had Gen eral Heth not been wounded, or had the lamented Pettigrew lived they could have told a tale that would have made those blush who are now trying to bear off the honors so nobly won by others. But alas, we have not even enough left to refute the foul calumny of those who would basely endeavor to pluck from our brows the laurels placed there at the sacrifice of so many of our noble companions. That we still retain the confidence of our commander is shown by our being placed as rear-guard, the post of honor, while the other troops were safely crossing the river (Poto mac. ) It was here in an attack made upon our lines that the brave Pettigrew fell, while setting an example of heroic cour age and presence of mind to those who had followed him un faltering through so many dangers and hardships. In him the brigade sustained its heaviest loss. In him our State lost one of her brightest stars, and the Confederacy one of her ablest defenders. John T. Jones. Culpepper C. H., Va., 30 July, 1863. THE PETTIGREV--PICKETT CHARGE. GETTYSBURG, 3 JULY, 1863. By CAPTAIN S. A. ASHE, A. A. G., Pender's Brigade. The third day of the struggle between the contending armies near Gettysburg opened clear and cloudless. The July sun beamed clown on the battlefield of the previous day majestically serene — throwing into bold relief the outlines of the picture. Standing on Cemetery Hill, a mile south of the little town of Gettysburg, one saw the range continue to the southward, now jutting out into the valley to the west, and then receding in strong curves eastward, now falling with even slopes and then swelling again in graceful contour — but further away breaking into precipitous promontories whose rocky knobs were veritable Round Tops and fitly associated with Devil's Dens. Almost parallel and about a mile away to the west could be 'traced the course of Seminary Ridge, gently rising from the intervening valley and still covered with a growth of orig inal forest trees. Along the slope are fences inclosing fields with patches of wood here and there and a little swale down the valley where it narrows as the ridge throws out a spur to the eastward. Coming from the town is the Emmettsburg Pike which after passing the summit of Cemetery Hill swerves off along a lower and divergent ridge that trends across the valley. Overlooking the pike is a stone wall following along the up per slope of Cemetery Ridge and conforming generally to the line of its crest, but, at a point some six hundred yards away where the hill grows bolder and juts well out into the valley, this wall makes a right angle and comes straight to wards the pike, and then again follows the crest, which soon 138 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. retreats and falls away, leaving a slight depression embayed in the general outline. On this headland, that like a bastion front projects itself into the valley, stands a clump of trees which served to guide the right of the attacking column on that fateful day ; and a quarter of a mile in front, but further down the valley, stood the farm house of Cordori on a little knoll surrounded by a sparse grove. Beyond the Cemetery to the north the range bent sharply to the right, forming a difficult eminence known as Culp's Hill; and on the curve from Culp's Hill west to the Ceme tery and thence south to Round Top, was massed the Eederal army, some 100,000 strong: while on an exterior line of sis ter hills lay Lee's forces, with Ewell on the left in possession of a part of Culp's Hill, and Longstreet on the right towards Round Top, while A. P. Hill covered the centre ; a total force of about 60,000 troops. Dispositions had been made for an early morning attack on the 3d, simultaneous by Ewell on the right and Longstreet on the left ; and with that view the artillery had been massed against the Federal center, Colonel Alexander, acting as Longstreet's chief of artillery, having occupied, during the night, an advanced ridge that lay several hundred yards be yond Longstreet's front, and covered it with batteries. But Meade himself had not been inactive, and, at 4 o'clock in the morning, he unsettled this plan of attack by driving back Early, whose lodgment on Culp's Hill was an essential part of Lee's proposed movement. Later in the morning, then, Lee determined on making that assault which has since been so famous in history. General Long, the author of Lee's Memoirs and then on Lee's staff, says: "This decision was reached at a confer ence held during the morning on the field in front of Round Top, there being present Generals Lee, Longstreet, A. P. Hill and Heth and Colonel Long and Major Venable." Longstreet made some objection, his idea being to move farther to the right and entice Meade to abandon his posi tion and give battle on more favorable ground; but the attack was ordered nevertheless and Longstreet was directed to carry The Pettigrew-Pickett Charge. 139 it into execution. The object of General Lee was to pene trate Meade's line in the depression on the south of Cemetery Hill and thus turning his position, move up and dispossess him. When the morning broke and the Eederal forces beheld so great an armament as one hundred and forty pieces of artil lery in position on the crest of Seminary Ridge, they knew that an assault was intended on some part of their line and every preparation was at once made to receive it. The batteries on- Cemetery Ridge were strengthened by new ones from the reserve, and soon eighty pieces of artillery were in readiness to respond to the expected cannonade which was awaited with increasing solicitude as the morning wore on in ominous silence. In early morning Pickett's fresh division had arrived and two of his brigades had been placed under cover of the ad vanced ridge which Colonel Alexander had seized the night before. Armistead's Brigade lay back protected by the main ridge in a line with Heth's Division, while the North Caro lina brigades of Scales and Lane were still further in the rear. These were the troops selected to make the assault: Pickett's Division being fresh, and Heth's Division, com manded by Pettigrew, and Lane's and Scales' Brigades, al though badly cut up on the first, not having been engaged on the second, and being troops of the highest reputation for constancy and endurance. In Heth's Division were Archer's Brigade, composed of two Alabama and three Tennessee Regiments ; Pettigrew's Brigade, which had present the Eleventh, Twenty-sixth, For ty-seventh and Fifty-second North Carolina Regiments; Davis' Brigade constituted of three Mississippi and one North Carolina Regiment, and Brockenborough's or Field's Brigade, which was composed entirely of Virginians. Petti grew's Brigade was commanded by Colonel Marshall, Gen eral Pettigrew being in command of the division. Lane's Brigade was formed of the Seventh, Eighteenth, Twenty-eighth, Thirty-third and Thirty-seventh North Car olina Regiments, and in Scales', then under Colonel Low- rance, were the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, Twenty-second, 140 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Thirty-fourth and Thirty-eighth North Carolina Regiments. These troops had suffered so severely on 1 July that many companies were mere skeletons and some regiments were com manded by Captains. Pickett's Division, composed entirely of Virginians, had just arrived and was in excellent condition in all respects. The movement was in double column, the first line con sisting of Kemper's and Garnett's Brigades on the right, with Heth's Division (under Pettigrew) on the left; and for the second line Armistead in the rear of Pickett's other brigades, and Scales' and Lane's Brigades of North Carolinians, under General Trimble, in the rear of Heth's division. Wilcox's and Perry's Brigades were to move out on the ex treme right and protect the column from any flanking force, while R. IT. Anderson's Division covering the left, was to be in readiness to act as opportunity should permit. Prelimi nary to the movement, the artillery was to silence the enemy's guns and as far as possible demoralize their infantry before the attempt should be made to carry the works by storm. At 1 o'clock two guns were discharged by the Washington Artillery as the signal for the cannonade to begin. Imme diately the line of batteries opened with salvos of artillery evoking a quick reply from the enemy, and the engagement soon became one of the most terrific bombardments of the war. Its fury was inconceivable. "From ridge to ridge was kept up for near two hours a Titanic combat of artillery that caused the solid fabric of the hills to labor and shake, and filled the air with fire and smoke and the mad clamor of two hundred guns." The exposed batteries were greatly damaged. Both horses and men suffered fearful destruc tion. Caissons exploded, limbers were blown up and guns were crippled on every side. In particular was the Confed erate fire, concentrated on the point of attack, very effective. But still the enemy's batteries were not silenced. Their fire did not slacken, for as fast as the Federal batteries expended their ammunition, they were replaced by new ones from the reserve, and the fire continued without abatement, until at length the Confederate ammunition began to run low. Colonel Alexander, to whom had been committed the duty The Pettigrew-Pickett Charge. 141 of indicating the moment for beginning the charge, felt the awful responsibility of the dilemma that presented itself, and hurriedly communicated to Pickett that he should wait no longer, but should begin the movement at once, notwith standing the terrific energy of the artillery that crowned the enemy's stronghold. But if the Confederate chests had been depleted, so at last had become those of their antagonists, and General Hunt, Meade's chief of artillery, finding- it unsafe to move up new supplies, and anticipating that the assault would be made on the center, conceived it well to husband his resources and ordered the fire to slacken, and so, unex pectedly, the embarrassing difficulty of the Confederate sit uation vanished. Immediately the order to advance was given along the whole line, and some twelve thousand veterans, with alacrity and high elation, moved forward over the crests that had sheltered them, and passed down the slopes of Seminary Ridge, their bright guns gleaming in the noonday sun and their innumerable battle flags flying in the breeze, making as fine a pageant as was ever seen on any field of battle. They moved in quick time and with admirable precision, as if on some gala day parade. It was a glorious spectacle, evoking admiration from foe and friend alike, and being the theme of unstinted praise from every one who witnessed it. But hardly had the line reached the downward slope of that extensive valley when the Federal batteries were again unloosed and the carnival of death began. "Though stormed at with shot and shell, it moved steadily on and even when grape and canister and musket balls began to rain upon it, the gaps were quickly closed and the align ment preserved." The line of grey, a full mile in length, with its second line following at easy distance, marched indeed in fine style down that valley of death, reckless of peril and animated with that soldierly zeal and confidence which ever inspired the troops of Lee when moving in the immediate presence of that trusted commander. From Pickett's advanced position down the valley the clump of trees which gave him direction bore far to the left, 142 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. and soon reaching the ridge on which the Turnpike ran, he wheeled to the left and moved up towards Cordori's House. By this movement he presented his flank to the batteries posted on Little Round Top and received a severe enfilading fire, while General Stannard, whose division was in his imme diate front, threw out two Vermont regiments to contest the ground with him. But Colonel Alexander had himself hastily followed with a battery of artillery and opened on this force with spirit, in a measure dispersing it and neutral izing its power for serious work. But still it could not be entirety driven off, and when Eemper, on the extreme right, having passed to the east of Cordori's house, moved by the left flank to close up with Garrett's Brigade, the Vermonters also moved by the flank to keep pace with him, and continued to annoy him. As the line advanced there loomed up in the distance the works it was to assault. Immediately in front of Archer's Brigade and Pickett's left lay the projecting stone wall standing out into the valley, and held by Webb's Brigade of Gibbon's Division; and op posite the Confederate left was the retired wall held by Hays' Division, with Smyth's Brigade towards the cemetery and Sherrill's Brigade between that and Webb. This part of the wall was eighty yards behind the front of the projection held by Webb. South of the projection Hall's and Harrow's Brigades con tinued the Federal line, behind breastworks of rails covered with earth and with rifle pits and shallow trenches in their front. Further on were Stannard's and other brigades of Dou- bleday's Division. On the crest of the hill, a few yards behind the line of works, was thickly massed the artillery. Skirmish ers lay out several hundred yards in front in the clover and grass, while a first line of infantry held a strong fence along the pike in front of Hays and a low stone wall further down the valley, and lay concealed in the grass in the intervening space. At the stone wall and breastworks was a second line in readiness to receive the attack, while behind the artillery, some thirty paces off, was still another, occupying higher ground and protected by the backbone of the ridge, and The Petti grew-Pickett Charge. 143 further on the flanks were heavy masses of infantry ready to be concentrated if occasion required. As the Confederate line moved forward, in constant sight, momentarily drawing nearer to the point of attack, all was expectation and anxiety along the Federal front. The heavy artillery fire of the Confederates had ceased and the demoral ization incident to it rapidly gave place to a feeling of reas surance and determination. While it had destroyed the two batteries in the rear of Webb, leaving only one piece that could be worked, the guns in rear of Hay's division were in better condition, and Howard's fresh battery had been brought up and posted on the slope of Cemetery Hill. And so it happened that while the troops on the Confederate right were fortunately not subjected to an artillery fire from the front and were exposed only to an enfilading fire from the ex treme left of the Federal line, it was far different with Pet tigrew's command, the batteries in his front being well served, firing first solid shot, then shell and spherical case — and at last canister — double charged, as Pettigrew's line drew nearer and nearer. The movement of the Confederates was made in quick time over a clear field, beneath the burning rays of a fiery July sun, and was attended with considerable fatigue and ex haustion. But those veterans who had been trained to the vicissitudes of war well knew that at the final assault, dash and vigor would be necessary, and they therefore husbanded their strength and moved forward steadily and resolutely un der the galling fire that was rapidly thinning their ranks. Speaking of the troops in front of Hay's Division, General Bachelder says that when they had reached a position "half way across the plain they encountered a terrible artillery fire, but against which, as a man presses against a blinding storm, they moved steadily on as if impelled by a will greater than their own — some mighty unseen power which they could not resist. "Solid shot ploughed through their ranks, spherical case rattled in their midst and canister swept them by hundreds from the field, yet on they pressed unflinchingly. It was an awful experience to pass nearly a mile across an 144 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. open plain subjected to such a terrible fire, with no hope of protection and without power to resist. But each brave spirit in Pettigrew's command recognized the necessity of immolation if need be, and offered himself a willing sacrifice ; and so closing up the great gaps in its ranks, the lines on the left continued to face the furious storm and silently moved on upon the deadly batteries. At length having made two-thirds of the distance, and being only three hundred yards away, Pickett's troops with Garnett in front, "Kemper on the right, but somewhat in rear, and Armistead a hundred yards behind, turned towards the point they were to assail. On Garnett's left was Archer's Brigade, under Colonel Fry, whose numbers had been largely reduced in the first day's fight — and which had moved directly forward as the brigade of direction. Close joined with it were Pettigrew's North Carolinians under Colonel Marshall, Pettigrew himself being in command of the divis- ion ; and further on were Davis' Mississippians and Brock- enborough's Virginia Brigade, all well aligned, while a hun dred and fifty yards behind Trimble led Lane's and Scales' Brigades, the latter under Colonel Lowrance, Scales having been severely wounded two days before. Although the right, had not suffered greatly during its shorter progress up the valley and being somewhat protected by favoring ridges, heavy loss had been inflicted on the center and on the left, which were fearfully cut up during their long and exposed march. But though sorely distressed on front and flank, with ranks largely depleted, the left brigades main tained their original alignment and still pursued their on ward course. As the attacking column, now much narrowed, moved up the slope that formed a natural glacis to the enemy's works, the batteries opened still more rapidly with grape and canis ter, and the front line of the enemy that lay in advance, to gether with the second line at the stone wall, poured into the Confederate column volley after volley of musketry — sending out a perfect sheet of lead and iron — a storm of murderous fire. The ranks of the first Confederate line, in the immediate front of Hays' artillery, were mowed down as grass by the The Pkttigrew-Pickett Charge. 145 THE FIELD OF GETTYSBURG. The first positions of the Confederate brigades are shown on the left and then two subsequent intermediate positions, while the final posi tion attained is marked : by the thin line in front of the stone wall and within Gibbon's line on the south of it. Webb's position in the angle is marked W. Hall's and Harrow's bri gades continued the Federal line towards Stannard's brigade. 10 146 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. scythe. The carnage was terrible. The piercing cries of the dying and wounded could be heard over the field amid the shrieks of shells and the roar of the cannon. Trimble, in command of the two North Carolina Brigades, says of Heth's Division, "that it seemed to sink into the earth under the tempest of fire poured into them." "We passed over the remnant of their line and immedi ately some one close to my left sung out, 'Three cheers for the Old North State,' when both brigades sent up a hearty shout." It was the cry of brave men rushing into the jaws of death. So furious was the fire and so murderous that it staggered the line — which "halted, returned the fire and with a wild yell dashed on." The first line of the enemy, which lay a hundred yards in front, was thrown back against the wall, many being captured and hurried to the rear without guard. But yet the roar and din of the conflict continued and, though the smoke of battle obscured the front, the carnage went on as the columns drew closer and closer to the enemy's works. A front that had been originally more than a mile in length had now been compressed into less than eight hundred yards and the concentrated fire of the enemy's artillery, as well as musketry, from the flanks as well as from the front, told with fearful effect. As the line approached the enemy's works, Pettigrew see ing Brockenborough's Virginia Brigade and Davis Mississip- pians give way under the murderous fire that assailed them, hurried his aid, Captain Shepard, to rally them — but all of Captain Shepard's efforts were without avail. They had be come separated some distance from Pettigrew's North Caro lina Brigade and lacked the support imparted by the immedi ate co-operation of other troops. They could not be rallied, but broke and fell back at the critical moment of the ordeal. It was then that Trimble ordered his North Carolina Bri gades to close up on the first column, and Lane bearing to the left, with well aligned ranks and in handsome style, covered the position made vacant on the left by the broken brigades, while Lowrance led Scales' brigade directly forward to unite with the front line then one hundred yards in advance. In this hasty movement of Lane's, however, because of a The Pettigrew-Pickett Charge. 147 misunderstanding as to whether the guide was right or left, the Seventh North Carolina and a part of the Thirty-third, [being on Lane's right, became separated from the larger part of the brigade, which continued its movement well to the left, leaving some space intervening between it and Pettigrew's Brigade. The position of the troops just before the final charge was : Pickett's line was in front of a part of the projecting wall, with Kemper's Brigade extending to the right of it, covering the front of the Federal brigades of Hall and Harrow. Arch er's Brigade was in front of the rest of the projection, and along with Pettigrew's North Carolina Brigade extended in front of the retired wall, with Scales' Brigade coming up in the rear, while Lane, with nearly four regiments, was some distance to the left. On the right Pickett's command had crossed the pike, while the line further to the left had yet to pass it. General Pick ett and staff, however, did not cross the pike and did not ac company the troops further in the charge. As the troops in their progress reached the fences enclos ing this road, the obstruction tended greatly to break up their alignment. Many were killed and wounded there and others sought protection from the fearful fire by lying in the road. The column advancing beyond the pike was thus consider ably weakened, and especially was this the case on the cen ter and left where the road ran closer to the stone wall and was stoutly held by the front line of the enemy. Pickett's troops, however, crossing at a point nearly a quarter of a mile distant from the enemy's works, escaped the full effect of this damaging obstacle and maintained a more perfect organiza tion. And in like manner, the right of the Confederate column had the good fortune of not being subjected to a simi lar artillery fire to that which mowed down the ranks of Pet tigrew's command. It is narrated by General Doubleday that all of the artil lery supporting Webb's brigade, being destroyed except one piece in Cushing's Battery which was in rear of Webb's right, and nearly all of the artillerymen being either killed or wounded, as the Confederates came close, Cushing, himself 148 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. mortally wounded, with his bowels protruding, exclaimed, "Webb, I must have one more shot at them," and caused his piece to be run down to the stone wall and fired, immediately expiring. This incident not only illustrates how Pickett's Division during its advance fortunately escaped the artillery fire that was so effective against Pettigrew's troops, but ac counts for the presence of a gun at the angle where Major Englehard subsequently found it. A few moments later a fresh battery reached Webb's left and opened a murderous fire on Pickett's charging column. Colonel Peyton, who came out of the fight in command of Garnett's brigade, in his official report, speaks of having routed the advanced line of the Federal infantry a hundred yards in front of the stone wall, and says: "Up to this time we had suffered but little from the enj eniy's batteries with the exception of one posted on the moun tain about one mile to our right, which enfiladed nearly our entire line with fearful effect. Having routed the enemy here, General Garnett ordered the brigade forward, which was promptly obeyed, loading and firing as they advanced. From the point it had first routed the enemy, the brigade moved rapidly forward towards the stone wall, under a gall ing fire, both from artillery and infantry, the artillery using grape and canister. We -were now within about seventy-five paces of the wall, unsupported on the right and left; General Kemper being some fifty or sixty yards behind and to the right, and General Armistead coming up in our rear. Our line, much shattered, still kept up the advance until within about twenty paces of the wall, when for a moment they recoiled under the terrific fire poured into our ranks, both from their batteries and from their sheltered infantry. At this moment General Kemper came up on the right and General Armistead in the rear, when the three lines joining in concert rushed forward. His strongest and last line was instantly gained, the Confederate battle flag waved over his defenses and the fighting over the wall became hand-to-hand and of the most desperate character, but more than half having already fallen, our line was found too weak to rout the enemy. We hoped for a support on our left (which had The Pettigrew-Pickett Charge. 149 started simultaneously with ourselves), but hoped in vain. Yet a small remnant remained in desperate struggle, receiv ing a fire in front, on the right and, on the left many even climbing over the wall and fighting the enemy in his own trenches, until entirely surrounded, and those who were not killed and wounded were captured, with the exception of about 300 who came off slowly, but greatly scattered — the identity of every regiment being entirely lost, every regimen tal commander killed or wounded." We have no official report from either Armistead's or Kem per's brigades. The latter was on the extreme right, extend ing south of the stone wall and in its advance suffered greatly from the flanking fire of the two Vermont Regiments thrown out by General Stannard against it. A Federal account says : "The Confederate line is almost up to the grove in front of Robinson's. It has reached the clump of scrub oaks. It has drifted past the Vermont boys. They move upon the run up to the breastworks of rails, bearing Hancock's line to the top of the ridge — so powerful their momentum. Men fire into each other's faces not five feet apart. There are bayonet thrusts, sabre strokes, pistol shots, cool, deliber ate movements on the part of some; hot, passionate, desper ate efforts on the part of others ; hand-to-hand contests ; reck lessness of life, tenacity of purpose, fiery determination, oaths, yells, curses, hurrahs, shoutings. The Confederates have swept past the Vermont regiments. 'Take them on the flank,' says Stannard. The Thirteenth and Sixteenth Ver mont swing out from their trench line. They move forward and pour a deadly volley into the backs of Kemper's troops. With a hurrah they rush on to drive home the bayonets. Other regiments close upon the foe. The Confederate column has lost its power. The lines waver. * * Thousands of Con federates throw down their arms and give themselves up as prisoners." Another Federal account of Kemper's attack says — "up to the rifle pits, across them, over the barricades — the momen tum of the charge swept them on. "Our thin line could fight, but it had not weight enough to resist this momentum. It was pushed behind the guns. 150 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Right on came the enemy. They were upon the guns — were bayonetting the gunners — were waving their flags above our pieces. But they had penetrated to the fatal point. A storm of grape and canister tore its way from man to man and marked its way with corpses straight down its line. They had exposed themselves to the enfilading fire of the guns on the western slope of Cemetery Hill. That exposure sealed their fate. "The line reeled back, disjointed already, in an instant in fragments. Our men were just behind the guns. They leaped forward in a disordered mass. But there was little need of fighting now. A regiment threw down its arms and with colors at its head, rushed over and surrendered. All along the field detachments did the same. Over the field the escaped fragments of the charging line fell back — the battle there was over. A single brigade, Harrow's, came out with a loss of 54 officers and 793 men. So the whole corps fought — so too they fought further down the line." Colonel Fry, who so gallantly led Archer's Brigade, says: "I heard Garnett give a command. Seeing my gesture of enquiry he called out, 'I am dressing on you !' A few seconds later he fell dead. A moment later a shot through my thigh prostrated me. The smoke soon became so dense that I could see but little of what was going on before me. A moment later I heard General Pettigrew calling to rally them on the left. All of the five regimental colors of my command reached the line of the enemy's works and many of my men and officers were killed after passing over it." Colonel Shep herd, who succeeded Frye in command, said in his official re port that "every flag in Archer's Brigade except one was cap tured at or within the works of the enemy." Scales' Brigade closely followed Archer's, dashed up to the projecting wall and planted their battle flags upon the enemy's breastworks. Pettigrew's and the left of Archer's had surged forward beyond the projecting wall, and had firmly established themselves along the retired portion of the wall. General Bachelder, of the Federal army, who thor oughly studied the field for clays after the battle, than whom no one knew so well the details of that affair, savs : "The The Pettigrew-Pickett Charge. 151 left of the column continued to move on towards the second wall, threatening the right and rear of Gibbon's Division which held the advanced line. General Webb, whose bri gade was on the right (in the projection), had hurried back to bring up his right reserve regiment from the second line. But before this could be accomplished the first line broke un der the tremendous pressure which threatened its front and flank, and fell back upon the reserve." Thus while Garnett was struggling for the possession of the stone wall on the Confederate right, and Kemper was en gaged with Harrow and Hall still further to the right, seek ing unsuccessfully to penetrate into the enemy's line and turn the left of the hill, the advance of Pettigrew's command beyond the projecting wall, taking Webb's exposed brigade on the right flank, caused it to give back from the wall and yield that part of the projection to the regiments of Archer and Scales that pressed them in front. Captain Mclntyre, acting Adjutant-General of Scales' Bri gade, says : "My brigade, or a larger part of it, went inside of the enemy's works." Captain Guerrant, acting as Brigade Inspector, says that "Scales' Brigade entered the breastworks and remained in possession until driven out by the enemy's advancing on their flanks." Major Engelhard, the gallant Adjutant-General of the two brigades of Pender's Division commanded by Trim ble, says : "The point at which the troops with me struck the enemy's works projected farthest to the front. I recollect well, my horse having been shot, I leaned my elbow upon one of the guns of the enemy to rest, while I watched with painful anxiety the fight upon Pickett's right, for upon its success depended the tenableness of our position. "Surrounding me were the soldiers of Pender's, Heth's and Pickett's Divisions and it required all the resources at my command to prevent their following en masse the retreat ing enemy, and some did go so far that when we were com pelled to withdraw, they were unable to reach our lines, the enemy closing in from the right and left. We remained in quiet and undisputed possession of the enemy's works, the men flushed with victory, eager to press forward. -152 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. "But when the right of Pickett's Division was compelled iby the overpowering attack upon its right flank to give way, there was nothing left for us to do but surrender ourselves prisoners or withdraw in confusion before the converging lines of the enemy, those in our immediate front not having rallied." The retired wall in front of Pettigrew's North Carolina Brigade was higher and stronger than at the projection and along it skirted a lane enclosed by a strong fence. Hays' Division clung to the wall with great pertinacity and the second line, protected by the high crest of the ridge, com manded it completely, while Howard's fresh artillery on the slope of Cemetery Hill swept the front with an enfilading fire. But while it was impracticable for any troops to carry it by assault, the Confederate line much weakened by the losses suffered in the march, silenced the batteries in their front and suppressed the infantry fire from the wall, and maintained the unequal contest there to the last. Some of Pettigrew's North Carolinians advanced to the wall itself, doing all that splendid valor and heroic endur ance could do to dislodge the enemy — but their heroism was in vain. Major Jones, in command of Pettigrew's Brigade, says: "On we pushed and were now right on the enemy's works, when we received a murderous fire upon our left flank. I looked to see where it. came from and lo ! we were completely flanked upon wounded several. Now what I wish to say is this : 'If another shot is fired into my men, I will put to death every officer and man I find up there. You are my prisoners. If you do not consider that you are, you have my permission to make your escape, and not one man will be able to reach his lines.' ' This quieted matters, and in a short time the Thirty-first Georgia Regiment and two companies of the Charleston Battalion deployed along the western face, when the Sixth Connecticut surrendered. The assault was bravely made, but was doomed to failure from the onset. The demoralization of the negro1 troops at the supreme moment threw the ranks of the Federals into- dis order. The converging fire of the artillery and infantry on the narrow approach prevented a rally. Few could move within that fatal area and live. The situation of the works forbade any feint or diversion, so that the garrison could con centrate their attention on one point alone. Besides the in creasing darkness rendered more dense by the smoke of con flict, added to the confusion of the assailants, and helped the assailed, and thus the fortunes of war once more smiled on Fort Wagner, giving to the Confederates a complete victory and to the Federals an overwhelming defeat. Language has not the power to describe the horrors of the night of the assault. The shattered column of the enemy was driven back to the shelter of the sand hills. Four thousand men had been dashed against Fort AVagner; when reformed within the Federal lines only 600 answered to' their names. Brigadier-General Strong was mortally wounded and Colo nels Chatfield, Putman and Shaw were left dead within our lines. A desultory fire of small arms with an occasional dis charge of grape and canister was kept up for a time at an unseen foe from the ramparts of Wagner. Soon silence and 166 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. stillness reigned supreme, broken only by the moans of the wounded and dying. At last the long night was ended and the sun of a peaceful Sabbath rose revealing the sickening scene. "Blood, mud, water, brains and human hair matted together ; men lying in every possible attitude, with every conceivable expression on their countenances ; their limbs bent into unnatural shapes by the fall of twenty or more feet, the fingers rigid and outstretched as if they had clutched at the earth to save themselves ; pale, beseeching faces looking out from among the ghastly corpses, with moans and cries for help and water and dying gasps and death struggles. In the salient and on the ramparts they lay heaped and pent up, in some places, three deep. All of Sunday was employed in burying the dead. Eight hundred were buried by the Confederates in front of Wagner. The wounded and dead more remote from Wagner were cared for by their friends. We took prisoners, including wounded and not wounded, about six hundred. For fifty-eight days Wagner and Gregg with a force never exceeding sixteen hundred men, had withstood a thoroughly equipped army of eleven thousand five hundred men, the Iron- sides, eight monitors and five gunboats. For every pound of sand used in the construction or repair of Fort Wagner, its as sailants had exploded two pounds of iron in the vain attempt to' batter it down. At the end of the bombardment, as at the commencement, AVagner stood sullen, strong and defiant as ever. Federal history calls the capture of Battery AAragner a great victory. Victory ? Seven hundred and forty men driven out of sand hills by eleven thousand five hundred. Two months in advancing half a mile towards Charleston, they made their boast that Sumpter was demolished over Wagner. This only teaches the world that sand batteries are more impregnable than the most solid masonry, especially when men are behind them who know how to fight in them by day and repair them by night. To-day that famed fort is leveled, its bomb-proof, parapets and traverses are blotted out; not by the iron hail of hostile batteries, but bv the wind of heaven and the tides of ocean, Defence of Fort Wagner. 167 What the wrath of man could not accomplish, the "still small voice" of the Almighty has done. Ere long the sea with its white capped waves will sweep athwart the page of our country's history, which has been written in blood ; even the site of Fort Wagner will be gone. Not so its name and fame. Sooner will Thermopyhe, Mar athon, Salamis, Sebastopol and the other places where in the past men have dared, endured and died, be lost to memory, than will be forgotten the heroic patience and devoted courage of the soldiers who manned the defences of Morris Island. In consequence of the great importance of a proper defence of Wagner, the command devolved on some officer of high rank, as for instance during this siege by General W. B. Tal iaferro and Colonel Graham, General Johnson Hagood, Gen eral A. H. Colquitt, General T. L. Clingman (of our bri gade), Colonel Geo. P. Harrison and L. M. Keitt succeeded each other in command, serving generally about five days each. The Confederate forces engaged in repelling this famous assault on 18 July, 1863, was as follows : The Fifty-first North Carolina Regiment ; detachment of Captains Buckner's and Dixon's companies of Sixty-third Georgia Artillery ; Cap tains Tatum's and Adams' companies First South Carolina Infantry (as artillery) ; section of howitzers of DeSaussure Artillery, Captain DePass ; section of howitzers Blake's Ar tillery, Lieutenant AVaties ; Charleston Battalion, Lieutenant- Colonel P. C. Gaillard, and Thirty-first North Carolina Reg iment, General AV. B. Taliaferro in command — about fifteen hundred men all told. E. K. Bryan, E. H. Meadows. New Bern, N. C, 18 July, 1901. CHICAflAUGA. 18-20 SEPTEMBER, 1863. By CAPTAIN C. A. CILLEY, A. A. G.. Atan Derveer's Brigade. Governor Carr, in order that the valor and devotion of the five regiments from this State which fought at Chica- mauga, hitherto unnoticed and uncelebrated, should not be forgotten, took advantage of the Act of Congress, and during the past summer (1S93) appointed Commissioners to proceed to the field, locate the position of the Sixty-fifth North Caro lina (Sixth Cavalry), Twenty-ninth, Thirty-ninth, Fifty- eighth and Sixtieth North Carolina Infantry, and secure the permanent designation of the same upon the maps and upon the ground. Five, of the seven, gentlemen appointed by him, on the even ing of 23 October, 1893. met upon the battle field, and duly organized the Commission by electing Captain Isaac H. Bailey, the senior Confederate officer, chairman, and Clinton A. Cilley, secretary and historian. The other members pres ent were Lieutenants D. F. Baird and Wm. S. Davis, of Wa tauga County, and J. G. Hall, of Hickory. Before going to the field, the reports of every Confederate officer who had commanded North Carolina troops there, from Captain to General, were read, compared and carefully collated. Maps, furnished by the War Department were laboriously examined, compared with the reports, and the re sults thus obtained again gone over in the light of the reports of the Federal Commanders. Letters received from survi vors were also filed with the reports, and a history, as accu rate as the times and material at our command would allow, * It may appear singular that this account of N.orth Carolina troops should be written by a Federal officer, but he was in the battle on the other side and as it happened just opposite North Carolina regiments. Being well informed as to the location he was appointed by Governor Carr Chairman of the Commission to visit the field and locate the posi tion of the troops from this State. This sketch is an extract from the report of the Commissioners. After the war he located in this State and was one of its best citizens — Ed. 170 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. was written out, of each regiment in action, giving its halting places, line of march, places where engaged, and where finally located at the end of the battle. This preparation showed four phases of the battle of Chic- amauga especially worth our attention, not only as attended with the most important results to both armies, but as show ing most conspicuously the gallant conduct of the soldiery of North Carolina. AAre may perhaps be pardoned for saying that, since this great struggle has of late been given its true place in the history of the war, as the most critical of any in the West, and will surely take its position in the history of the world as one of the few decisive battles of the century, it becomes more and more necessary to put in enduring form the record of North Carolina's achievements there, thus grown to be of even more than national importance. We noted down and each of these subjects was fully and patiently discussed between the National Commission and ourselves the night before we went over the ground. 1. The attempt of General Bragg to turn the Federal left, and thus secure control of the contested State road leading from LaFayette to Chattanooga. The attack was opened by Forrest's horsemen. Davidson's Brigade, in which was the Sixty-fifth North Carolina (Sixth Cavalry) took part in the movement, and we had already secured evidence of the Sixth's honorable position on the right of the line. Some Ex-Confed erates, who had served under Forrest here, and who visited the field a few days before our arrival, had so located the positions as to corroborate in every way our views. Forrest was soon reinforced by Ector's infantry brigade, containing the Twenty-ninth North Carolina, who formed, advanced and fought over substantially the same ground as the cavalry. As neither the reports of the. brigade or regimental com manders of either the cavalry or infantry detachments have been found or printed, we had to rely upon other evidence as to the locations. General H. AT. Boynton, of the United States Commission, had commanded a regiment, and one of our Commission had been a staff officer, in the brigade which successively met the assaults of Forrest, and Ector, so that Chicamauga. 171 their recollection, aided by information collected before leav ing home, enabled us to fix the position of the Sixth and Twenty-ninth, accurately, and to the satisfaction of all pres ent. 2. The famous break through the Federal centre about noon on Sunday. Here it was, according to the report of Colonel David Coleman, Thirty-ninth North Carolina, who towards the close of the day took command of his brigade in consequence of General McNair having been disabled, that the brigade, under Coleman's command, charged across an open field in face of the heavy fire, and captured nine cannons which had been playing upon it from the eminence. Colonel Coleman, with the modesty of the soldier, contents himself with the simple statement, and says no more. The commander of another brigade also claims the honor of the capture, fortifying his statement by certificates from various subordinates. The division commander refers to both reports, but does not decide between them. He inti mates, however, that out of the abundance of captured can nons, both brigades may have taken the number claimed. This made it necessary for us to collect all available evi dence, and subject it to the United States Commissioners the night before our actual inspection of the ground. Reports, maps and other printed matter were thoroughly examined and discussed, and we were assured that should the morning survey confirm the conclusion arrived at, we could regard our contention as successful. The next day, after establishing the point where the guns were massed, we walked up the long slope of Dyer's field, over which ten or twelve divisions had fought, and a second comparison of all the evidence available, made on the very spot of the conflict, so plainly showed the justice of Colonel Coleman's claim, that we were directed to drive down a stake marked with the regiment's name, the date and fact of the exploit, at the location contended for. 3. The attack by Breckinridge on the Federal left, Sunday afternoon, and the desperate fighting for the State road in Kelley's field. We had no member of the Sixtieth North Car olina with us, their regiment having participated in the bat- 172 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. tie here as a member of Stovall's brigade, but as two of our party on the field were engaged with the brigade which re ceived the charge of the Confederates, and had special cause for remembering every incident of the struggle there, we had no difficulty in establishing the location. Again reports and maps were brought out, one paced off the distance, another read the statement of brigade and regimental commanders, General Stewart consulted the maps and announced the de cision. The result was that an oaken tablet, suitably in scribed, was put up on the side of the road, marking it as the spot where the Sixtieth North Carolina Infantry, at noon 20 September, reached the farthest point attained by the Confed erate State Troops in that famous charge. 4. It remained now only to trace the route of the Fifty- eighth Infantry from where it crossed the river, to the scene of its magnificent achievement on Snodgrass Hill. Three of our Commissioners were survivors of that regiment, and un der their guidance, consulting as ever the reports and maps, we had no trouble in following its path from its first service, supporting batteries, across the field just traversed by the Thirty-ninth, to the place where, about the middle of the afternoon, this command, never before under fire, plunged into the bloodiest struggle of the battle, and one of the dead liest conflicts of the Avar. Here it was at the base and up to the crest of a wooded hill, that Longstreet hurled six divisions in an attempt to drive Thomas to retreat. The slopes up which it toiled, the ravines through which it fought its way, were again trodden by some of its old officers, and after the fullest discussion, careful examination of printed and verbal testimony, inspection and measurement of the ground, the point wltere the tnjnnosl wave of the tide of Southern battle broke nearer than any other to the unbroken lines of Thomas' defence, was agreed by us all to have been reached by the Fifty-eighth North Carolina Infantry. During its three hours fighting here, the command lost one-half of its men killed and wounded. This point designated by the tablet which we put up, was not a stone's throw from the place selected by the Second Minnesota (Federal) Regiment, (whose loss was precisely the same), for its monument. Chicamauga. 173 We may be pardoned for saying that such an interview has seldom taken place upon the battlefield as we witnessed. There were six veterans, some from each contending army, who had borne, among them, every commission from Second Lieutenant up to Lieutenant-General, who thirty years ago had met almost face to face in the conflicts intent only on designating without error, the exact position of their ancient commands. Having made this location, our task was over. We beg lea\_e to express the hope, however, that men who so highly distinguished themselves as the troops of this State did in Kelley's and Dyer's fields, and on Snodgrass Hill, should re ceive from North Carolina statelier monuments and more enduring memorials than simple tablets of oak or iron. This battle field is now visited almost daily. It will surely become the point to which students and travellers will turn by thousands every year, and when it is seen that the South ern State, which sent the bravest soldiers to the field, has neg lected them, it will read ill for this Commonwealth. No official location being as yet allowed upon Missionary Ridge, Ave did not attempt to make any there. While at Chattanooga we Avere visited by Mr. J. P. Smartt and Mr. E. S. Pinion, the former a soldier in Cheatham's Division, A\'ho kneAv the position of the cavalry brigade and Ector's Infantry, the latter a soldier of the TAventy-ninth North Carolina from Jackson County. Their recollection perfectly coincided with the results we had reached as to the location of these troops. Clinton A. Cilley. Chairman. Lenoir, N. C, 3 November, 1893. Note — The North Carolina regiments at Chicamauga were brigaded as follows: Twenty-ninth — in Ectors Brigade, Walker's Division. Thirty-ninth— in McNair's Brigade, Johnson's Division, Buckner's Corps. Fifty-eighth — in Kelly's Brigade, Preston's Division, Buckner's Corps. Sixtieth — in Stovall's Brigade, Breckinridge's Division, D. H. Hill's Corps. Sixty-fifth (Sixth Cavalry) — in Davidson's Brigade, Pegram's Division, Forrest's Corps. — Ed. BATTLE OF PLYMOUTH. 1. R. F. Hoke, Major-General. 2. M. W. Ransom, Brigadier-General. 3. W. G. Lewis. Lieut.-Colonel, Com manding Hoke's Brigade. 4. J. W. Cooke, Commanding the " Albe marle.11 5. John W. Graham, Major, 66th N. 0. T., Historian of the Battle. THE CAPTURE OF PLYnOUTII 20 AFRIL, 186*. By MAJOR JOHN AV. GRAHAM, Fifty-Sixth Regiment N. C. T. The Confederate forces on this expedition under command of Brigadier-General R. F'. Hoke, were Kemper's (Va.) Bri gade, under Colonel Terry; Hoke's Brigade composed of the Twenty-first Georgia, Sixth, Twenty-first and Forty- third North Carolina Regiments under Colonel Mercer, of the TAventy-first Georgia, the Senior Colonel ; and Ransom's Bri gade under Brigadier-General M. AV. Ransom, composed of the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, Eighth and Thirty-fifth North Carolina Regiments. The Eighth, which belonged to Clingman's Brigade, had been temporarily substituted for the Forty-ninth, left on picket duty on the Chowan river. There were also a part of a regiment of cavalry under Colonel Dearing, and several batteries of artillery, under Lieutenant-Colonel Branch and Major Reid, all from Virginia, except a section of Captain Miller's (Co. E, 10th N. C. Regiment) Capt. Lee's Mont gomery Blues, of Alabama, and Bradford's (Miss.). The Federal forces under command of Brigadier-General H. W. Wessels, consisted of the Eighty-fifth New York, Six teenth Connecticut, One Hundred and First and One Hun dred and Third Pennsylvania, two companies of Second Mas sachusetts Heavy Artillery, Twenty-fourth NeAv York Inde pendent Battery of Light Artillery (six guns), tAVO compa nies (A and F) of the Twelfth New York Cavalry, besides two companies recruited in North Carolina, aided by the gun boats Miami, Southfteld, Whitehead and Ceres. The ram Albemarle, which had been partially completed at Edwards' Ferry on the Roanoke river, was expected to go down and join in the attack, and especially to encounter the four gunboats above named, commanded by Captain Flusser, a Kentuckian, said to' be an officer of rare intrepidity and 176 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. merit. In order to give a better understanding of the natural strength of Plymouth and its surroundings, I will state that there are two creeks emptying into the Roanoke above the toAvn of Plymouth, the land between them being called War ren's Neck, on which Avas erected a fort of three guns— one 100-potmder, and two 32-pound Parrotts. Immediately west of the town and outside of the fortifications was a marsh extending around to the southwest corner, and crossed only at one point by a causeway on the Boyle's Mill road. The for tifications were some what in the shape of a parallelogram, the longest side parallel to' the river, Fort AATilliams with six guns about the center of the line, and projecting forward to the south. On the lower side of Plymouth Conaby creek flows into the Roanoke, but a mile or more to1 the east of the town. Where the Columbia road enters on this side, the breast works were not continuous, but the road was commanded on the left as you enter, near the town boundary by redoubts with two guns each at James Bateman's and Charles La tham's, and to the right was Fort Comfort with three guns, and between that and the river was a SAvamp, the passage through which Avas very difficult, and these together were considered a sufficient defence for that side. Two roads entered the town from the south, the Lee's Mill road a little to the east of Fort AA7illiams, and the Washington and Jamesville road near the southwest corner. To more effectually command this last road, and a road which branched off to the left, the Eighty- fifth redoubt, with three guns, called Fort AA'essels (or Fort Sanderson) had been erected to the left of the AA^ashington road, about half a mile from the line of breastworks, and be yond the ravine which goes into the swamp heretofore de scribed. Inside of the fortifications a marsh commences near the corner of Monroe and AYater streets, and extends out be yond the fortifications. Between this marsh inside the town and the Roanoke river, on a mound or hill now called Fort Worth, was an intrenched camp, where the line of breast works came to the river, and sAveeping over it had been placed a 200-pound gun, intended expressly for the ram Albemarle. Between Second and Third streets, where they reached the The Capture op Plymouth. 177 line of breastworks at the west, and across another ravine ex tending out into the swamp, had been erected an intrenched camp with redoubt, and also another redoubt was at the south west corner of the intrenchments near the Toodles house. As the Federal forces had occupied Plymouth for more than twelve months, every effort had been made to ren der the place secure from attack, the different forts and other redoubts along the line of breastAvorks being protected by moats, palisades, chevau.v de frise, and made as strong to resist bombardment or assault as engineering skill could de vise. The Confederate forces had been collected rapidly at Tarboro, from Avhich the expedition started on 15 April, 1864, and arrived Avithin five miles of Plymouth by 4 p. m., on Sunday, the 17th, capturing the pickets and routing a company of cavalry. The First Virginia Regiment, under Major Norton, Avas throAvn forward as skirmishers, and Kemper's Brigade, with Dearing's cavalry and two batteries of artillery under Major Reid turned off on a road to the left leading to Warren's Neck, to threaten the toAvn from that direction ; and Generals Hoke and Ransom, with their brigades, not folloAving the direct road from Jamesville, as the bridge across the creek had been destroyed, turned to the right and crossing the troops on a mill dam, made a circuit around into' the AVash- ington road, a mile below its junction with the Jamesville road. Sending on a company of cavalry, two Yankees Avere killed of the picket at this post (Red Top), two only escap ing. Soon Ave hear the "long-roll" of the enemy, and our line is formed to receive a shelling. General Hoke's Brigade is some distance in advance and on both sides of this road, and Ransom's further to the right and along a road Avhich goes perpendicular to the line of breastAvorks on the south of the town. Skirmishers are sent forward by both sides, the enemy also opening briskly with his artillery. Night soon comes on, and all is quiet, on this part of the line except an occasional interchange of shots between the skirmishers. It is understood that the women and children in the town 12 178 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Avere sent off to Roanoke Island Sunday night. During the night and next morning Hoke's Brigade is moved entirely to the left of the Washington road and all his skirmishers in front of Ransom's Brigade are relieved by the Twenty-fifth and companies from the other regiments. A detail of 250 men has been engaged during the night, under Colonel Faison, in building Avorks near the AArashington road from Avhich our ar tillery can play upon Fort Sanderson (or AAtessels). These are so far finished next morning that one company at a time is left, to complete the Avork, and three guns Avere placed in position. The enemy can iioav see AA'hat has been done, and open upon them. The fire is returned, but sloAvly at first, Company H, of the Fifty-sixth Regiment, still continuing the Avork for other guns, and some of them being Avounded by a shell. After a Avhile our pieces began in earnest and nearly silenced Fort Sanderson, though receiving a hot fire from Fort AA7illiams. The day is passed in shelling by our artil lery at different points, our cavalry being around on the Co lumbia road to Avatch any movements in that direction. In the afternoon Dearing and Reid, with field artillery, had opened a brisk fire on Fort AATarren on the riA'er above the toAvn at 1,500 yards, with marked effect, soon cutting down the garrison flag staff. The gun boats steamed up to the assistance of the fort, but one Avas so seriously disabled that she sank on her return doAvn the river. Late in the afternoon Ave learn that General Hoke, with his brigade, will assault Fort Sanderson, while Ransom's Brigade Avith fourteen pieces of artillery under Lieutenant-Colonel Branch, will make a demonstration on the enemy's left center (that part of the Avorks on the long side of the parallelogram, on the enemy's left east of Fort Williams.) About 5 p. m., Ransom's Brigade moves to the right through some woods, and at the open space in front skirmishers are thrown forward from the different regiments to relieve the Twenty-fifth, Avhich now assembles to the left, and connects with Hoke's right, distant about three-fourths of a mile from Ransom's left. Four companies of the Fifty-sixth on its right, B, I, E and The Capture op Plymouth. 179 A (Captains Roberts, Harrill, Lockhart and Hughes), go foi-Avard as skirmishers, and the brigade (Ransom's) now moves by the right flank and at the edge of the Avoods forms line of battle in the following order: the Twenty-fourth on the right, next the Eighth, Fifty-sixth and Thirty-fifth. The line is now in full view of the enemy, as for a mile out from the fortifications everything had been cleared up, and targets planted to indicate distance, upon which frequent practice had been made. The skirmishers, under Captain Jno. C. Pegram and Lieu tenant Applewhite, of the brigade staff, rush forAvard, those of the enemy giving Avay after a slight resistance. Our ar tillery, consisting of Pegram's, Bradford's, Milleris.and other batteries, gallop to the front and quickly unlimber. It is qoav that Ave learn that our demonstration is to march behind these batteries, and receive the fire of the enemy from more than twenty pieces of artillery, besides tAvo gun boats, throAV- ing every grade of shell from, the 200-pound gun to' the 12- pound Napoleon. Steadily our line adA^ances, lying down at every halt, the iron bolts falling thickly in front and rear, and sometimes in the line itself. Our skirmishers have run those of the enemy over their breastAvorks, and are now lying down to avoid as far as possible the heavy shower of grape Avith Avhich they are greeted. The demonstration is kept up from 6 until nearly 10 p. m., our guns haAung fired rapidly and the cais sons several times bringing up new supplies of ammunition, and our line has advanced three-fourths of a mile and within 800 yards of Fort Williams, the infantry being ordered to reserve their fire. A correspondent of the Richmond Examiner signed "R." on 24 April, 1864, says: "The action commenced about sunset, the night being perfectly clear Avith a full moon, CA7cry object was visible. The sight was magnificent — the scream ing, hissing shells meeting and passing each other through the sulphurous air, appeared like blazing comets with their burning fuses, and Avould burst Avith frightful noise, scatter ing their fragments as thick as hail." To show how deadly Avere some of these missiles, I quote from the sketch of the 180 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Eighth Regiment by Prof. Ludwig, Vol. 1 of this work, page 399 : "The gunboats in the river also took part in shelling our batteries and line. One shell from a gunboat came over the town, stnick the ground about one hundred and fifty yards in front of the Eighth, ricocheted, and the next time stnick the ground in the line of the regiment and ex ploded, killing and wounding fifteen men of Company H. Three of the men were killed outright, two Avere mortally wounded, and of the others some Avere severely and some slightly Avounded." Lieutenant C. R. Wilson, of Company D, and fourteen men of the Fifty-sixth Regiment, Avere Avounded, several seri ously, but none mortally. In the Twenty-fourth Lieutenant Wilkins was killed and five men wounded. I do- not know the casualties in the Thirty-fifth and Twenty-fifth. At 12 o'clock Ransom's Brigade is moved back, leaving a line of skirmishers. While this demonstration was going on, Hoke's Brigade had gallantly charged Fort Sanderson from Welch's creek SAvamp, and supported by artillery, a fierce fight had raged, the enemy opposing a spirited resistance. Our infantry again and again charged the fort', the enemy hurling at them hand grenades, AAdiile the strong stockade, deep ditch and high parapet preA^ented our men from scaling it. During one of these charges, the intrepid Colonel Mercer, command ing Hoke's Brigade, fell mortally Avounded at the head of his command. Also Captain Macon, of the Forty-third North Carolina, was killed and twenty or more of the brigade. Finally the infantry having entirely surrounded the fort, the artillery Avas advanced to' within 200 yards, Avhen a sur render Avas made. Captain Chapin, of the Eighty-fifth New York, commanding this fort, was also killed. This was deemed an important position, where the artillery could be concentrated and an assault made on the town, if the gun boats could be driven off by our iron-clad Albemarle. A contemporary letter to the Raleigh Confederate makes this statement as to the cause of the delay in her arrival : "It Avas intended that she should go down, engage the enemy's gunboats and pass below on Sunday night. With that pur- The Capture of Plymouth. 181 pose she left Hamilton on Sunday at 3 o'clock, and took on her deck enough iron to tack on imperfectly on the way down. Twenty sailors overtook her on the Cora beloAv Hamilton, in creasing her creAv to fifty; but her machinery became dam aged on the way — her rudder head twisted off. This de layed her twelve hours, and she only reached Gray's Land ing at 8 p. m. on Monday. The Yankee steamer Whitehead was at the mouth of the thoroughfare Avhen the Albemarle passed, and immediately steamed into the Cashie and to Ply mouth, and reported her coming. Cooke's passage Avas slow, to avoid obstructions and torpe does. Having passed them safely, he steamed past Plymouth and without answering the shots from the forts, made for the Miami (Flusser's), and the Southfield (French's) Yankee boats. They had been chained together that they might get Cook between and press him back upon a river flat. He avoided the trap and ran into the Southfield, his prow was so pfiarp and his momentum so great that he ran ten or twelve feet into her, sinking her instantly. The whole weight of the sinking boat rested on his bow, depressing it so that water poured into the forAvard ports. The Southfield had deliv ered her broadside of eight guns, making not the least impres sion, as this was on the bow Avhich had been finished. The current SAvept his stern around and disengaged him from the wreck. Meantime Flusser seeing his companion Avrecked, loosed the chains and steamed to Cooke's stern, gave him a broadside of six 100-pound rifle guns at a few feet distance, upon the iron that had been imperfectly bolted, and dam aged this iron in three places." An account in the Richmond Examiner, writtten on 24 April, 1864, says: "The Miami fled, but not until she was seriously punished, her commander (Flusser) and many of her creAv being killed. Eighty of the Southfield' s creAv were said to have been killed." Commander James AV Cooke Avas an accomplished officer, who had entered the United States Navy from North Caro lina in 1828. The noise of the guns between 2 and 3 a. m. on Tuesday morning had informed us of Cooke's arrival, and we were glad to hear of his success in relieving us from further an- 182 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. noyance from the gunboats. This morning General Ransom is ordered to take the Twenty-fourth and Fifty-sixth Regi ments to1 the right of the Lee's Mill road, and make a demon stration against the enemy's works from that quarter. The other three regiments of his brigade, Avith Branch's artillery, are held by General Hoke to support an attack, if after thorough reconnoissance, he shall detennine to" make an as* sault Avith Hoke's and Kemper's Brigades from the direction of Fort Sanderson, captured the night before. Heavy firing between the artillery is kept up with an occasional shot from the ram Albemarle noAV beloAv the town, and also the guns from Fort. Sanderson are turned against the enemy, and the skirmishers are pushed close to the works at various points. After this reconnoissance, General Hoke determined not to make this attack, and the three regiments and Branch's artil lery are sent to rejoin General Ransom; and the A'irginia brigade, except a small portion left near Warren's Neck, is brought around to the south of the tOAvn. This brigade had by its sharpshooters, prevented the enemy from working the guns at the fort up the river, either upon the ram Albemarle or upon our forces to the left of the town. Ransom's Bri gade is ordered in the afternoon to cross Conaby creek to the east, and make: a detour of four or five miles around to the Columbia road. ( 'olonel Dearing, Avith some cavalry and artillery, comes up, and is allowed to pass the brigade in the road. That intuitive perception, Avith which the private sol diers could often foretell the intent Avith Avhich a move is made, now comes into play, and through the brigade the feel ing becomes universal that it has been determined to make the final assault from the east side of the tOAvn, and that Ran som's Brigade Avottld be required to perform this duty. Laughing and joking almost cease, and a grim determination to do all that could be expected seems to pervade the ranks. Although marching at will, there is no straggling, and the companies close up and each soldier is glad to feel the touch of a comrade's elboAv. A screen of woods hides the move ment from the enemy. About sunset the column strikes the Columbia road and now turns Avest toAvards Plvmouth. The Capture op Plymouth. 183 After dark Ave reach Conaby creek, about a mile or more from the town, and the skirmishers thrown forward find the enemy in strong position on the opposite side, and the bridge destroyed. Three pieces of artillery under Captain Blount are advanced to' within 300 yards, and the enemy soon dis lodged. Our sharpshooters again advance and the enemy reappear. Some gallant member of the Twenty-fourth plunges into the creek, swims across and brings back a skiff and a party soon crosses in it. The pontoons which are in charge of Lieutenant-Colonel S. D. Pool, of the Tenth, are hurried to the front, placed in the creek, and three or four companies pass over and are deployed as skirmishers and drive the enemy back. The pontoons are then swung around, and a bridge rapidly constructed on Avhich the infantry pass over, and are formed into line about a mile from the enemy's forts on the (Colum bia) road, the right flank resting on the Roanoke and the left extending beyond the road in the following order : Fifty- sixth, Colonel Faison, on the extreme right ; then the TAventy- fifth, Colonel Rutledge; Eighth, Colonel Murchison; Thirty- fifth, Colonel Jones, and then the TAventy-fourth, Colonel Clarke, successively to the left. It is iioav near midnight, as Ave had throAvn up a slight breastwork, and the men lie down to sleep on the bare ground, coA-ered Avith their blankets in groups of tAvo or three for Avarmth, as the air is sharp and piercing, so as to get some rest for the morrow and the terri ble Avork ahead. The enemy keep up a shelling through the night, but without much effect. Our gunboat, Albemarle, now on the right of our line, exchanges shots Avith the 200- pound gun at the tipper end of the tOAvn. The night was perfectly calm and cloudless, with a full moon lending beauty to the scene and the skirmishing is at times sharp and ter rific, but the enemy are kept off at some distance from our line. Just as the moon is going down (and day breaking) the troops are aroused and the line of battle formed, and the signal rocket gives notice to General Hoke. avIio is Avith his Brigade near Boyle's Mill, on the west side of the tOAvn, that Ransom is ready to advance. The skirmishers under the gallant Captain Cicero Durham, the fighting quartermaster 184 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. of the Forty-ninth, now on Ransom's staff, drove those of the enemy before them. The infantry uoav move forward, and the artillery, consisting of Blount's, Pegram's, Marshall's and Lee's batteries, under Colonel Branch, dash forAvard on the left at a full gallop and open upon the toA\m and the forts ahead on both sides of the Columbia road. The enemy has brought to bear both siege and field guns, and concentrated a terrible fire in the face of our assaulting column. Just at this time General Hoke opens Avith his ar tillery under Majors Moseley and Reid a rapid fire, and his infantry sent up yell after yell as if about to' charge. The Virginia Brigade on the south is also obeying the command to "shout," and several of that brigade are killed and Avounded by the enemy shelling them from Fort Williams. As our artillery is kept somewhat in rear of the advancing line, the enemy fire over the heads of Ransom's Brigade at first, but soon get a more accurate range. Steadily the line goes forward, and performs the duty as signed, carrying out to- the letter the precept, "Whatsoever thy hands find to do, do it Avith all thy might." It Avill be best, to describe the course taken by each regi ment of the brigade, so far as can be gathered from the ac counts Avritten shortly after the battle, or subsequent authen ticated statements. In the communication of "Lone Star" on 22 April, 1864, the TAventy -fourth is fortunate in haAung its deeds recorded, Avhich shows that regiment took the two' Avorks immediately on the Columbia road — "the one on the south of the road, by the left of the Twenty-fourth, led by Colonel Clarke, and the one on the north by the right of the Twenty-fourth, assisted by the Thirty-fifth." And the account further states: "We were noAV in the town, and the head of every street running east and west, was held by one or more of our regiments, but their positions in line were someAA-hat changed. The Twenty- fourth was still on the Columbia road, now street (Second), with the Fifty-sixth and Twenty-fifth to the right, and the Thirty-fifth and Eighth to the left. Halting a moment to breathe the men and dress the line, Ave pushed slowly and carefully forward, clearing the enemy from every street, yard '^ MAP OF April 17- 20, 186 A. By Capt R. D. Graham, 56tt> Big. N.C. S.T. After Original by Solon E. All is, 21$ Reg. Mass.V. Militia, October, 1863. And Comments of W. M. Bateman, Superior Court Clerk. , 1901. SCALE OF FEET. 500 1000 1500 2000 X-. I I I 1 The Capture of Plymouth. 185 and house, from the windows of which and from behind the fences they poured an incessant fire. But nothing could check our progress, and Avithin an hour they Avere driven into Fort Williams, or into the entrenched camp at the west of the tOAvn. The fort was on our left, and the camp in front. In a feAv minutes the Fifty-sixth came up on our right by an other street, and by their arrival decided the contest, for im mediately on the appearance of this additional force, the en emy threAv down their arms and raised the white flag. Cap tain Lockhart, of the Fifty-sixth, ran in to receive the sur render and instantly both regiments poured into the camp." This shows beyond question that the Twenty-fourth Regi ment, when it reached the town, kept its right on Second street and passed through the town to the west end, keeping between Second and Third, or on Third street, as nothing could pass up Second street, owing to the rapid fire kept up by the battery at the west end. In the account given by Mr. Ludwig of the part taken by the Eighth Regiment on page 400 of Vol 1, it is stated : "At early daAvn on the morning of the 20th the signal rockets went up, and the order came to advance. In the meantime a bat tery of artillery took position in front (on the left) of the Eighth Regiment and opened a rapid fire on the fort in our front. The regiment, in fact the AA'hole brigade, as ordered moved off in common time. Not a rifle was fired, not a word spoken. The artillery Avas doing its full duty in keep ing the enemy's infantry quiet. When the regiment had advanced to Avithin about 150 yards of the fort, the order to charge was given. The "yell" Avas raised, and the regiment rushed forAvard to mount the fort. Just at the moment the "yell" Avas raised, the enemy's infantry poured a destructive fire into the ranks of the regiment, Our artillery ceased firing as the regiment approached near the fort. The men rushed on, leaped into the ditch and attempted to scale the fort, While the men Avere attempting- to climb over the out side of the fort, the enemy threw hand grenades into the ditch. Those who were in the ditch had to get out of it. The regiment then swung around to the right, and attempted to break through the palisades on that side of the fort. The 186 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. palisades had loop holes through AAdiich the enemy fired on our line. At this point many of the men were shot through the head. The regiment rashed up to the palisades, and as the enemy pulled their guns out our men put theirs in and fired at those on the inside. Such deadly work could not last long. The Eighth Regiment swung a little further around to the gate leading to1 the rear of the fort, The gate was burst open. The regiment rushed in and the fort surren dered. "Three cheers for North Carolina" Avere given by the regiment, thus announcing that the assault had been suc cessful." The question naturally arises, what fort Avas this ? As will be hereafter stated, the capture of "Fort Comfort" on the right of the road Avas conceded by General Ransom to the Thirty-fifth. AATiere the advance of the brigade began, the Columbia road does not run parallel to the river, but obliquely to the right, The Twenty-fourth kept on both sides of the road ; the command given to the brigade had been "Guide center." There is a pressure to the left by the Thirty-fifth to avoid the branch, canal and the swamp AAdiich the TAventy- fifth and Fifty-sixth had to cross, and in this pressure the TAventy-fourth passes ahead, and leaATes the left flank of the Eighth exposed to an enfilade fire, from the left, and the regi ment naturally sAvings around in that direction to meet- the greatest danger and injury to them. This brings them around toAvards the fort south of Charles Latham's house, less than three hundred yards from Fort. Comfort, and called "Conaby Redoubt," Avhich Avas opposite or near the head of Third street, and thus carried the Eighth Regiment to the extreme left of the brigade, as stated in the contemporaneous account given by "Lone Star," and on the direct course to Fort' AATil- liams; nncl Conaby Redoubt answers exactly the description of the Fort Avith palisades, which Mr. Ludwig says the Eighth Regiment attacked and carried, and its capture is claimed by no other regiment and Avottld be otherwise unac counted for. The graphic history of Mr. LudAvig continues: "But a strong fort (Fort AATilliams) remained in possession of the enemy. The Eighth Regiment formed and attempted to The Capture of Plymouth. 187 storm that. The men charged up to the edge of the sur rounding ditch, only to find that it could not be crossed. There was but one of two courses to take, to-Avit: either to fall back or to surrender. ¦ The regiment chose the former. When the retreat began, the enemy poured a fearful volley into the ranks, killing and Avounding many of the men. This charge was reckless and unnecessary. It was made under the flush of victory, and not by order of the commanding general. The fort, being surrounded, would have had to surrender any way, as it did a feAv hours afterwards." In the Fayetteville Observer of 9 May, 1864, it is said: We have received a communication from an officer of the Thirty-fifth North Carolina Troops complaining that the Richmond papers have given to others the credit due to' that regiment. He says "Ransom's brigade charged the Yankee fortifications, and our regiment (Thirty-fifth) took the first fort, the key to the position. Its Colonel, J. G. Jones, of Per son County, was the first to mount the fortifications and in honor of him and his regiment, General Ransom changed the name from Fort Comfort to Fort Jones. To Colonel Jones the Yankee commander of that fort surrendered, and a detail of that regiment took charge of the first prisoners captured (on that day) at Plymouth, and conducted them to the rear. Our three centre companies covered the front of the fort, and our right and left wings completely surrounded it. Our dead were around the fort., and the dead of no- other regiment," I regret that I have no fuller account of the operations of this regiment, Avhose noble Colonel, in less than two months af- terwards, on the night of 17 June, 1864, yielded his life in a heroic and successful charge at Petersburg made by Ran som's Brigade to recapture Avorks lost by another command. Before the capture of Fort Comfort has been completed by the Thirty-fifth, and the works in their immediate front car ried by the Twenty -fourth, the Eighth Regiment, is found doing equally effective Avork to the left of both of them, as shoAvn above. The Twenty-fifth Regiment after getting through the SAvamp, finding the Fifty-sixth across its course, obliqued to our right, and proceeded up AVater street and be tween that and the river, and assisted in the capture of the 188 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. intrenched camp beyond Fort Worth at the northAvest corner of the town. Company I, of the Fifty-sixth, under Captain Harrill, was sent in advance of the regiment with orders to keep along the river, and Avas thus the first company to enter the town, and about sunrise captured twenty artillerists, who were serving the 200-pound gun intended for the Albemarle, which was proceeding up the river with our line and secured Captain Cooke from further opposition of any moment. A cotemporaneous account, of the operations of the Fifty- sixth, dated 1 May, 1864, Avas written by Major Jno. W. Graham signed "Tar Heel," and at the special request of Captain Frank N. Roberts, who sent it to the Fayetteville Observer, and this has been elaborated from his war journal and researches by its historian, Captain R. D. Graham. Out of somewhat voluminous data, what is here stated must be condensed to come within the proper limits. Fortunately Ave had no forts to encounter directly in our front, but there were other obstacles nearly as formidable. First, a large herd of cattle, Avhich Ave drive to a deep canal in our front, when Avith Avild snorts of terror, they turn and break through our line of battle. Into this ditch more than six feet deep, Ave have to go and climb out on the other side and again form our line. The next obstacle is a terrible SAvamp of untried and therefore unknown bottom, through which Ave flounder, many wet to1 the waist, and some all over, from falling down. Getting through the swamp our line is quickly fonned again, but here we receive an oblique fire from our left, and under a heavy shower of "minies" go up a hill and drive an opposing regiment from the shelter of houses and palings on the eastern end of the tOAvn, between Water and Second streets. Here the TAventy-fifth comes up and enters the town on our right. AATe have several killed and wounded, and among the killed, Jas. AAT. Hall, of Company D. A part, of the Fifty-sixth enter on Second street and pro ceed as far as Madison street ; but Major Graham appre hending that this (Second) street would be SAvept by artil lery, as Ave have reached an open square, throws the regiment forward into line with the left resting on Second street, and The Capture of Plymouth. 189 the right extending over to Water street, which the other part has entered under Colonel Faison. LieutenantrColonel Luke has been gallantly leading the extreme right. Second street is now sAvept by a terrific fire from the guns at the Avestern end. The advance is steadily continued, but bullets seem to come from every direction, both from houses and excavations in the ground. Our line pushes down fences, jerks off palings and presses forward, passing Adams, Wash ington and Jefferson streets. On this last Ave get a cross fire from Fort Williams Avhich is especially severe. Lieutenants Palmer, Holton and Thornton have fallen wounded, and many of the men. We next reach Monroe street and in ad vance of any other regiment on either side. Here Company B, under Captain Roberts, with Colonel Faison, keep to the right of the swamp beginning at this point, as heretofore described. They thus become detached and aid in the capture of Fort Worth and the intrenched camp, at the Avest end of Water street, which makes a hot fight kept, up until about 10 a. m., Avhen Colonel Dearing reaches this point Avith one of his guns, and its capture is ef fected. Company I, under Captain Harrell has, as already stated, captured the artillerists around the big gun, and also strikes the entrenchments just north of the marsh, and secures the surrender of prisoners at that point, and the most effec tive service during the rest of the battle is to hold them securely — the intervening hill and SAvamp separating them from both contending forces Avho are continuing the contest. The other eight companies of the regiment keep to the left of the SAvamp, under Major Graham, and capture the battery of artillery which has been raking Second street. As we now pass from beyond the cover of the houses, the Yankees are pouring a hot fire into' us from the intrenched camp on the Avestern breastworks between Second and Third streets, someAA'hat to our left, and Ave find the TAventy-fourth engaged Avith them in front. As Ave are about to charge, the white flag goes up, and the surrender is made to Major Gra ham, who directs Captain Lockhart, of Company E, to take charge of the prisoners. The flag of the Fifty-sixth is handed to Major Graham on the breastAvorks and Avaved by him to 190 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Hoke's Brigade, on the Avest of the town, Avhich had been aAvaiting our progress, more than 600 yards distant, as the works Avere too strong to be carried from the Avest side. Pass ing over another ravine, we receive the last prisoners on that side of the town. Hoke's Brigade under Colonel W. G. LeAvis, of the Forty-third North Carolina, noAv comes up, and it is a relief Avhen he suggests that no' further charging is necessary, as in the opinion of himself and General Hoke the surrender of Fort AATlliams can be compelled by artillery. The town was uoav entirely ours, except this last strong fort on the south, and its surrender Avas demanded and refused. Sharpshooters occupy all advantageous positions in houses and other points to keep the enemy from serving their guns, and our artillery fire is concentrated on the doomed fort and a shell from the Albemarle explodes upon it. General Wes- sels has made a gallant, fight, but. as "the stars in their courses fought, against Sisera," the converging batteries and mus ketry noAV prevent him from firing a gun. General Hoke informs him that, if he provokes a useless sacrifice of life in requiring an assault, not a man in the garrison will be spared, and betAveen 31 and 12 o'clock a. m., the flag conies down on Fort. AAulliams and success crowns our struggle. All fighting is noAv over, except the pursuit of some Yankees and negroes Avho escaped from the fort at the left of Fort Wil liams, and some Buffaloes AAdio had crossed the river, many of whom Avere captured. General Wessels' official returns of casualties Avith the loss of Plymouth, was a total in killed, Avounded and missing (not distinguished by him) of 127 officers and 2,707 men. Our losses were understood to be 125 killed and between 400 and 500 Avounded in the brigade and artillery altogether, though I have seen no official returns, being greatest in the Eighth North Carolina, as it is stated by Mr. Ludwig: "The regiment, lost one hundred and fifty-four men killed and Avounded, about one-third of its number." In the Thirty- fifth twenty were killed and 84 Avounded, including Major S. B. Taylor. The losses in other regiments are supposed to be stated in their separate history, as I know is the case in that of the Fifty-sixth. In this regiment the colors were The Capture of Plymouth. 191 borne by Ensign Jas. M. Clark, of Orange County, whose stalwart figure Avas conspicuous at every step, and he never SAverA^ed from any point to Avhich he was directed. He came through Avith a rent banner, but untouched himself, though his color guard suffered a loss of one-third, as shown in the history of the regiment. It Avill be interesting to survivors to here record the regu lar order of succession from left to right in Avhich the ten companies of the Fifty-sixth stood in line of battle. It was C, K, G, F, H, D (colors), A. E, I and B. The action of the two right companies under their captains have been ghTen above. The other eight going through to the end of the battle Avith the flag, beginning with E, Avere led respectively by Captain Joseph G. Lockhart, Captain Noah H. Hughes, Captain Robert D. Graham, Captain Wm. G. Graves, Lieu tenant Valentine J. Palmer, Lieutenant Otis P. Mills, Cap tain Frank R. Alexander, and Captain Alexander P. White. When Lieutenant Palmer fell in the charge Avounded as the regiment passed the jail, Company F pressed steadily for- Avard with Lieutenant John R. AVilliams in command. All these officers and their men Avithout an exception, displayed a coolness, discipline and courage that any commander might be proud to witness. I Avould be glad to' mention by name officers and men of other commands, reported as conspicuous for bravery, but where all so well did the work assigned, I have deemed it best to narrate the main facts as I have col lected them, and not attempt details of individual proAvess or give names except of those directing some separate move ment, and of those under my immediate command, from whom I could not withhold the meed of praise to which they are justly entitled. But I do not wish to seem to ignore the splendid Avork done by Hoke's Brigade or the Virginia Bri gade under Colonel Terry. An officer in the line, Avill of course be unable to do more than observe the part taken by his OAvn regiment or one im mediately adjoining, and has little opportunity of gaining correct information, except in a general way, of the opera tions of other commands at distant points. A correspondent of the Richmond Examiner of 24 April, 192 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. signed "R," says: "The result of this most brilliant suc cess was the capture of some 2,500 prisoners, 28 pieces of ar tillery, heavy and light, some 500 horses, 5,000 stands of small arms, 700 barrels of flour, with other commissary and quartermaster supplies, immense ordnance stores, and the strong position of Plymouth, Avhich protects the Avhole Roan oke A7" alley, and furnishes a base for our iron-clad to drive out from Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, the large fleet of the enemy's gunboats, and open a large and rich country from which Ave can obtain supplies. General Hoke, who com manded the expedition, though only 27 years of age, may well rank Avith our ablest division commanders in the service. He has Avonderful tact, force, activity and an endurance that despises fatigue ; handles troops Avith great ease and celerity, and has their unbounded confidence. Ransom's charge has not been surpassed at any time ; his military genius comprehended the situation, and he was master of it ; he determined on the charge, knowing what dash and pluck could accomplish, Avhen satisfied as to the proper point of attack. Colonel Dearing, of the cavalry, not only handled his own command Avith great success, but in the charge of ar tillery and infantry at Fort Warren, and both on the right and left Avith Ransom and Hoke, and on Wednesday morn ing in Ransom's charge, his services were invaluable." In the message of Governor A7ance to the General Assem bly of North Carolina 17 May, 1864, he says: "In addition to the many brilliant, victories, which have croAvned our arms this spring in all parts of the Confederacy, I have the sincere pleasure to' congratulate you upon the splendid success of the opening of the campaign in our State, resulting in the recapture of the towns of Washington and Plymouth, and the rescue of a considerable portion of our territory from the en emy. This is the more gratifying because it Avas accomplish ed by troops tinder the command of two distinguished sons of North Carolina — Brigadier, now Major-General, Hoke, commanding the land forces, and Commander Cooke, with the steam ram Albemarle. I doubt not you will see the propri ety of rendering suitable thanks to these gallant officers, and the brave officers and men under their command, for the con- The Capture of Plymouth. 193 spicuous heroism which has been rewarded by such splendid results." How the result was viewed at headquarters is shown by the telegram sent, by President Davis : "Brigadier-General Hoke: In the name of the Confeder acy, I thank you for your success. You are a Major-Gen eral from the date of the capture of Plymouth." CASUALTIES AT PLYMOUTH. Twenty-fifth North Carolina : The killed reported at the time were: In Company A, Jos. L. Edney and W. W. OAvenby ; in Company B, W. R. Grant ; in Company H, J. M. Cartland; and in Company K, G. W. Black. Its wounded were 20. Twenty-fourth North Carolina. Lieutenant Wilkins was killed, and five men Avounded on the night of 18 April. In the same regiment 20 April, the killed Avere: J. W. Puck- ett, of Company B ; E. R, Hocutt, of Company C ; A. J. Young and K. B. Taylor, of Company E ; Jos. Mangum, of Company H ; Joshua Canady, of Company I ; and J. F. Baker, of Company K ; Lieutenants E. S. Sanders and T. T. Lee, of Company E, and Captain W. J. Squiggins, of Com pany D, and 84 men wounded. Thirty-fifth North Carolina. The killed reported Avere: Robert W. Brown, of Company A ; Corporal W. H. Council, of Company D ; Lieutenant J. N. Loy, Sergeants H. W. Oakley and J. J. Yarborough, and T. S. Drake, T. R. Gen try and A. Evans, of Company E; Sergeant John Dulin, J. F. Harris and John Noles, of Company H ; and Sergeant T. W. Conley, J. W. Abernathy, D. Denton, D. Moore, J. C. Whisenhundt and P. S. Whitener were killed, and Lieutenant D. P. Glass mortally Avounded in Company K. Major S. B. Taylor and 84 men Avere wounded. Eighth North Carolina. The killed Avere: H. C. Stoke- ly, of Company A ; George W. Graves, of Company B ; W. J. Baker, of Company C ; R. F. Patterson, of Company D ; Lieutenant D. A. Patterson and John Coddle, of Company E ; Lieutenant L. D. Langlcy and Sergeant J. J. Tunnage, of 13 194 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Company G; First Sergeant. J. A. Barringer and J. C. Klufts, AV. M. Sides, Nelson Barringer, Moses Dry, J. C. Linebergcr, E. J. Patterson and J. E. Barringer, J. J. Ketchey, John Raney, J. S. Murph, and Wiley S. Seaford. Lieutenants A. H. Gregory, D. AA7. AAteaver, S. J. Thornton, James K. McKethan and P. J. Miller, and Ensign Frank Perkins, and 101 others Avere Avounded. Sixth North Carolina. The killed were: John McDan- iel, of Company C ; Harvey Hanna and Joshua Johnson, of Company H : John AAT. Faucett, of Company F ; Henry Capps of Company K, mortally, and Lieutenant AA7. S. Clinton and 29 others severely Avounded. Twenty-first North Carolina. The killed were : Sergeant F. C. Clinard, of Company A ; J. AV Hodges and A. F. Pat terson, of Company C ; Corporal J. F. Beek and- Chas. K. Kallum, of Company D ; Wm. Hancock and Cal. EdAvards, of Company F; Captain J. O. Blackburn, of Company G; D. A. Ray, of Company H; S. AAr. Dick, of Company I; B. F. Loinback and Jos. Long, of Company K ; Corporal J. G. Wilkinson, of Company L ; and M. M. AVright, George Wy- rick and AVm. Richardson, of Company M. The wounded Avere 35 and one missing. Forty-third North Carolina. The killed AATere: R. B. McK orkle, of Company B ; Stephen Renf ree, of Company C ; Captain H. A. Macon, of Company F, and Lewis Duke, of Company G. There Avere 13 Avounded, including Lieutenant H BroAvn and Sergeant T. H. Bobbitt. It is to be regretted that a full list of casualties in the gallant Twenty-first Geor gia Regiment, forming Avith the above named, Hoke's Bri gade, Avas not given to the North Carolina papers. It is noted that the list of Avounded at Plymouth and received at the hospital in Wilson, N. G, including the folloAving from the Twenty-first Georgia: D. Dval, J. F. Cook, W. M. Hensly, F." M. Rawls, AAT. B. Phillips, L. W. Jones, L. A. Huclgins, P. Marshall, J. C. Books, J. B. Reid, J. T. Wil liams, John Dempsey, L. B. Davis, B. F. Gross, and G. L. Fennell. At the same hospital there Avere from the Seventh Vir ginia Regiment Henry Bowen, and from the Twenty-fourth The Capture of Plymouth. 195 Virginia W. D. Mounteastle, H. A. Mills, James Thomason, G. IT. Rutledge and J. P. Wyson. From Bradford's Mississippi Batten, Corporal T. L. Rus sell. John W. Graham. Hillsboro, N. C, 20 April, 1901. SECOND COLD HARBOR. By BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS L. CLINGMAN. About 2 o'clock in the morning of 31 May, 1864, while lying in the trenches at Bermuda Hundreds, I received an order to move to join General Lee's army, directing, however, one regiment of my brigade to hold temporarily the line I was leaving. I at once moved to the railroad station with the Eighth, Thirty-first and Fifty-first Regiments, North Caro lina Troops, the Sixty-first being left in position. A little after daylight, at the railroad station, the brigade of Hoke's Division which was to have moved first, not being there, I was ordered to take the lead. I arrived in Richmond soon after sunrise ; on calling to see General Bragg, was directed by him to take the railroad to Atlee's Station, and report to General Lee — then having his headquarters there. Two miles short of that place I met Colonel Crawley, Gen eral Lee's Quartermaster, who delivered to me an autograph letter from General Lee, directing me to proceed by Mechan- icsville and Gaines' Mill to Old Cold Harbor, and there sup port Major-General Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry, and also direct ing me to communicate this order to any other portion of Major-General Hoke's Division. After I had passed two or more miles beyond Mechanicsville, I received an order from Major-General Hoke directing me to aAvait further orders at that place. After remaining there about three hours, I re ceived a second order from General Hoke to move on to Cold Harbor. On arriving there, I found General Hoke, who directed me to take a position on the left of that occupied by the main body of the cavalry. The Thirty-first Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Knight, was placed on my right; the Eighth, under Lieutenant-Colonel Murchison, in the center, and the Fifty-first under Colonel McKethan, on the left. Soon after, Major-General Hoke ordered that the 198 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'6o. Fifty-first should move forward and to the left about four or five hundred yards, to support a portion of the cavalry Avho Avere acting as infantry, and engaged with the enemy. I therefore carried forward this regiment and placed it in posi tion, and as this Avas the most exposed and dangerous part of my line, I remained Avith it. AVe, though subjected to a heavy fire both of artillery and musketry, sustained little loss. After Ave had been engaged for some time, the cavalry on my left gaAre Avay, and the enemy's advance then enabled them to annoy us a good deal by their fire on the left flank of our position Avhere I Avas stationed. Taato companies de tached from the Fifty-first to the left, owing to the miscon duct of their commander, Captain — . — . , failed to drive back the enemy there. Though he Avas three times or dered to open on them, yet he failed to do so, but kept his men lying cIoavu in the road about one hundred and fifty yards on my left. A half hour, or perhaps an hour later, the cavalry on my right all gave Avay, and passed to the rear in squads, alleging that their ammunition had given out. Seeing the enemy Avould soon pass me on both sides, I ordered Colonel Mc- Kethan, after a few minutes, to fall back to the fence, a few hundred yards to the rear, and sent one of my couriers to the other two regiments, aaJio Avere only a hundred yards in ad vance of the fence, to occupy the same line. As I was retir ing to point out the several positions each regiment was to occupy, a portion of a shell took aAvay the front of my hat and slightly Avounded my forehead. Though someAA'hat stunned for an instant, I Avas not disabled at all, but observ ing that all the cavalry in reserve on my right had likeAvise retired, as my several regiments came back, they were placed in position on the other side of the field to the rear of the place I had intended them to occupy. A feAv of my command Avere captured by that portion of the enemy Avho came between the Fifty-first and Eighth Regiments. Our loss in all Avas less than one hundred. My Adjutant-Gen eral, Captain Edward White, Avas severely Avounded by a shell while in line Avith the Eighth Regiment AA'here I had left him Avhen I moved forward. AATe held this position Second Cold Harbor. 199 during the night, having been reinforced by the arrival, about dark, of the Sixty-first Regiment of my brigade, un der Colonel J. D. Radcliffe, and also by General Colquitt's Brigade, Avhich took position on my right. At daylight in the morning of 1 June, 1S64, to obtain a better line, my left was draAvn back about two hundred yards, and took a position selected by General Hoke, Avhile the right of my brigade united Avith General Colquitt's. My left rested at the bank of a branch. Soon after sunrise, General Kershaw's Brigade took position on the hill on my left, but Avith an interval of about seventy-five yards between their right and my left. I rode over and expressed to the officer in command of the nearest regiment, a Avish that he Avould extend his right to the branch, so as to unite with my com mand, but he declined to do so. I Avas about to extend my line across the branch, though contrary to the orders I had received, but soon after was informed by Major-General Hoke that this Avas unnecessary, as General Hagood's Brigade would be stationed in front of my left and cover this inter val. About 9 o'clock General Hagood's Brigade did take position about one hundred and fifty yards in front of my line, so that his right regiment was in front of the left regi ment of my brigade, Avhile the rest of his command Avas in front of General KershaAv's position. The Sixty-first Regiment occupied the right of my line, next it Avas the Thirty-first, then the Fifty-first, and my left Avas held by the Eighth Regiment. The men all went vigor ously to work and with their hands and bayonets had made with rails each a. pretty good entrenchment as against mus ketry by midday. After 1 o'clock I passed along the line of Genera] Hagood's Brigade in my front to be assured that they Avere still in the position in Avhich they had been placed in the morning. About 3 o'clock, hoAvever, this brigade, in obedience to Major-General Hoke's orders, Avas moved aAvay to the right without my knoAvledge. General Hagood subse quently told me that he notified General Kershaw of his movement, but he gave me no notice. Had I not felt sure of his still being there, I should haA^e sent companies of my com mand across the branch on my left, and might thus have pre- 200 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. vented most of the loss subsequently sustained. Shortly after 3 o'clock the enemy opened heavily with their artillery on us, and after an interval of perhaps three-quarters of an hour, their infantry advanced. Just as they were getting within good range, there Avas a heavy discharge of musketry from Kershaw's Brigade on my left, and then a cessation of firing in that quarter. I then supposed that the enemy had only made a feint in that direction, whereas, in fact, as I have subsequently learned, this brigade fled precipitately from the field after discharging their muskets.* Believing that the point of greatest danger Avas on my left owing to the cover Avhich the thick woods there afforded the enemy in their advance, I took my position in the line near the left of the Fifty-first Regiment. AVhen the enemy were first seen ad vancing through the trees at a distance of nearly one hundred and fifty yards, supposing they were a portion of General Ha good's Brigade, which was falling back, I ordered my men not to fire. As soon as their true character Avas ascertained, we opened on them. They Avere then in line of battle and about one hundred yards distant. Though the places of those in front Avere for a time supplied by fresh troops, they ulti mately gaA-e Avay and were driven back out of sight. I or dered my men to stop firing to allow the smoke to be dissi pated. Immediately in my front for seventy or eighty yards the ground slightly descended, then rose up into the slope of the hill. But a little to the left Avhere the branch came down the raArine Avas continuous. Along this depression a large column of the enemy folloAving their lines of battle adA-anced without being observed by us. As soon as they Avere drawn in the bottom they changed their route someAA'hat, inclining toAvards our right. They Avere in this manner brought up directly in front of the left of the Fifty-first where I was standing. After I had ordered the firing to cease and the smoke had partially been dissipated, I directed there should be no firing until the enemy should be seen again. As the hill Avhere the enemy's line of battle had been, in * Keitt's "big regiment" broke first and Colonel Keitt was killed while trying to rally them. — Ed. Second Cold Harbor. 201 our front, was much elevated above us, we did not from our position behind our hastily made earthAvorks, observe the low ground in front and to the left. On my repeating the order to look out for the approach of the enemy, Captain Fred. R. Blake, of my staff, Avho Avas just by my side on the right, elevated himself so as to overlook the heads of our men, Avho after loading their guns, were in a stooping position, sud denly exclaimed: "Here they are, as thick as they can be!" Rising immediately as he had done, I sa\v there Avas w,ithin eight or ten paces of us, a heavy column of the enemy. They showed probably about thirty men in front and were closed in mass very compactly. They had an apparently neAv blue uniform, and Avere marching at a quick-step. Prisoners sub sequently taken stated that they were fresh troops that had been in garrison and had not previously been engaged, and had expressed great confidence that they would march into Richmond. It Avas also stated that they had orders not to fire a gun or to cheer until they had carried our works. From the fact that the column displayed four flags, I took it to consist of four regiments. The instant I saw them, as my men had been firing at objects eleArated on the hill, I was ap prehensive that they might fire too high, I therefore in a loud voice, said: "Aim Ioav and aim well!" As I did this a tall and uncommonly fine looking officer in the front rank of the enemy's column, hearing the order and looking me directly in the face, though he changed countenance for a moment, took off his cap and Avaving it about his head, cheered his men in Avords Avhich I could not catch. Just as he had placed his hat back on his head, and before he had time to lower his hand again to his side, a soldier immedi ately on my right discharged his musket and the ball entered the upper part of his forehead, and he fell backward stagger ing the tAvo men behind him. The. discharge from my line at once knocked down the front ranks of the column, while the oblique fire along the right and left cut doAAm the men rapidly all along the column toAvards the rear. In a feAv moments the whole column either acting under orders, or from panic, lay down. Nothing could have been more unfortunate for them. While they 202 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. thus lay there, the men of my command continued to reload and discharge their pieces into the thick, dark mass. The officers fired their repeaters, Avhile such as had none occa sionally borroAved muskets from privates and discharged them at particular individuals. As the survivors lay still to avoid attracting particular attention, it Avas soon impossible to dis tinguish the living from the dead. After some fifteen or twenty rounds had been fired into the prostrate mass, I directed the firing to cease. Upon this occurring, a portion of the column, not I think, more than one-tenth, arose and fled to the rear ; many of these, hoAvever, Avere shot down, as they attempted to escape. On the right of my line, Avhere the Sixty-first Regiment Avas stationed, the enemy made a vigorous attack in line of battle, but as the ground Avas more open, they Avere not able to approach nearer than either eighty or one hundred yards, but left large numbers of dead on that part of the field. Un der cover of thick undergroAvth they approached someAvhat nearer the Thirty-first but Avere repulsed AATith much slaughter. After the enemy had thus been driven entirely aAvay, the men cheered all along our lines. Before the smoke had been en tirely dissipated, hoAvever, there Avas a sudden attack on my left, under the f olloAving circumstances : AVhen General 's Brigade on my left abandoned the field, in the beginning of the engagement, a large force of the enemy passed quietly to the rear of my left. This they did Avithout observation on account of the thickness of the Avoods there. AAte had been too constantly engaged to lnwe time to ascer tain that the troops on our left had, more than an hour pre vious, left the field. The enemy had full time, therefore, to make their arrangements to attack us both on the left flank and in our rear. FaA^ored by the thick bushes and smoke, they had gotten Avithin fifty yards of the rear and left of the Eighth Regiment, and suddenly, just as our men had ceased to cheer, they opened on them a heaA-y fire at short range against their backs and from the left simultaneously. Though under these circumstances surprised, the men of the Eighth faced about, and, Avith the left of the Fifty-first, en- deaATored to keep up the contest. The odds in such a strug- Second Cold Harbor. 203 gle were too great, and our men fell so fast that, seeing it impossible for them longer to maintain the contest there, I directed Lieutenant-Colonel Murchison, Avho, though flushed and excited by such a disaster, showed the greatest self-pos session and courage, to AvithdraAv the survivors so as to form a neAv line of battle perpendicular to the first one, extending from the right of the Fifty-first to our rear. In this posi tion the survivors of the Eighth and Fifty-first held their ground for some time against the greatly superior forces of the enemy. I then ordered the Thirty-first to file out of the intrenchment and form with them. With this force we charged the enemy, and drove them back so as to enable us to reoccupy our original line for a feAV moments only ; because the enemy being posted along the branch, and also on the hill, rendered it impossible for my small force to resist them, and it Avas again driven back. AVhile I was endeavoring to reform the line, Captain Henderson, of the Eighth, said to me, "Colonel Murchison is dead." I replied, "I hope not, for I spoke to him but a feAV minutes since." In fact, as I soon learned, just as he had gotten back into the trench, which he had Avith his regiment occupied during the day, he re ceived a ball in the head which terminated his life. Finding that no enemy Avas immediately in our front then, but only a heaAry artillery fire kept up, I ordered Colonel Radcliffe to file his regiment out of the trenches so as to aid us in the next attack. As I afterwards learned, he himself, with the larger part of his command, did not obey this order and stayed in the trench. Being busied Avith forming the line under the heavy fire of the enemy, I observed soon, however, the delay of this regiment in getting into position, and going up to its left, I ordered them to file out to the rear, so as to form the right of our neAv line of battle. Lieutenant-Colonel Devane took out a portion of the regiment, and I thus supposed they were all folloAving. While the line Avas being formed, Colo nel Zachary, of General Colquitt's Brigade, Avith five com panies of the Twenty-seventh Georgia Regiment, came up and charged Avith us. The struggle had continued for sev eral hours, and it was noAv after sunset. We drove the en emy back again and reoccupied the left of our original line. 204 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Captain Henderson, who had succeeded to the command of 1he Eighth, was, however, slain in this last charge. Before night closed, we thus held again our original line intact, but the thick woods and dusk of the closing evening, allowed the enemy to rest within fifty yards of our left I then received an order from Major-General Hoke, through one of his staff, to vacate so much of my line on the left, as was Avithin the Avoods, as it Avas said that Hunton's Brigade was moving up to occupy the ground that had lost. I told this staff officer that it was better for me to hold my Avhole line until this brigade arrived, for that if any part was vacated the enemy Avould occupy it. The officer insisted, hoAveA^er, that I must Avithdraw at once, as the other brigade Avas approaching, and confusion might be produced. I was thus compelled to give up, reluctantly, about one hundred or one hundred and fifty yards of my line on the left. Hun ton's brigade did not, in fact, come up until the next morn ing, but as 1 had foreseen, the enemy immediately extended their lines until within twenty or thirty yards of my left, being protected by a little elevation of the ground between us. One Virginia regiment came up and took position in rear of my left, at right angles to it, extending to the rear. While 1 Avas standing at the angle thus formed at my left a body of troops Avas seen moving by the flank from the left, but just in front of our old lines. Not knoAving but that this was a part of Hunton's command, I hailed them. Some of my officers said, "These are our pickets coming in." I replied, ''We haA^e no pickets out." As this body of troops Avas by 'his time just opposite my left, about eight or ten feet in its front, but just as near as they could get by reason of the slight Avork thrown up high enough to cover a man to the hips. I said very loud: "Speak or you Avill be fired into." Getting no ansAver, I ordered my men to fire, and myself barely escaped our OAvn fire by falling to the ground as the muskets were discharged over me. After a few volleys, the enemy had disappeared. It was evident that they expected under cover of the darkness, by moving up silently to occupy a still larger share of our original line. The two lines were during the night separated by less than fifty yards, and by Second Cold Harbor. 205 morning work enough had been done to perfect each. During the foUoAving day there was only skirmishing, but on the next (Friday, the 3d), the enemy made an attack on several parts of the Confederate lines, though not heavily in my front, only engaging the right of my line, with General Colquitt's Brigade. They lost again so heavily on this day- that there Avas no further attempt by them, except by slow approaches. At daybreak on the morning of the 13th, it was seen that they had abandoned our front and moved on toAvards Petersburg. In the engagement of 1 June, Captains Blake and BurgAvyn, of my staff, both fell, severely wounded; and as Captain AYhite had on the previous evening been disabled, I was Avithout a single staff officer present. In this engage ment though my brigade, deprived suddenly of its support, Avas at the same time assailed in front, on its left flank and from its rear, at close quarters and by vastly superior num bers, it Avas neither panic-stricken or beaten. After a strug gle Avhich continued for three hours, and after losing more than one-third of its strength, it recovered all its ground and repulsed its assailants. The important position at Cold Harbor was thus preserved to. General Lee. Its conduct in similar circumstances in front of Petersburg, a little later on the evening of 17 June, 1864, was detailed in my official report of that engagement. T. L. Clingman. ASHBVILLE, N. C, 3 June, 1874. l,~fitea3=7'--=f iit=!= 1 ^'cTmd. Confederate. . Confederate. « I til u i ., iiiiii I. iJ, T" Corn Field. Scale: 7 Inch = 300 Yards. PLAN Of BATTLEFIELD OF REAMS' STATION, August 25th, 1804. REAMS STATION. 25 AUGUST, 156*. By MAJOR CHAS. M. STEDMAN, Forty-Fourth Regiment, N. C. T. Upon the investment of Petersburg, the possession of the Weldon road became of manifest importance, as it Avas Lee's main line of communication with the South, whence he drew his men and supplies. On 18 August, 1864, General G. K. Warren, Avith the Fifth Corps of Grant's Army and Kautz's Division of CaAralry, occupied the line of the AAteldon road at a point six miles from Petersburg. An attempt was made to dislodge them from this position on the 21st, but the effort failed. Emboldened by Warren's success, Hancock was or- , dered from Deep Bottom to Beams Station, ten miles from Petersburg. He arrived there on the 22d, and promptly commenced the destruction of the railroad track. His in fantry force consisted of Gibbon's and Miles' Divisions, and in the afternoon of the 25th, he Avas reinforced by the divis ion of Orlando B. Wilcox, which however, arrived too late to be of any substantial service to him. Gregg's Division of cavalry, Avith an additional brigade, commanded by Spear, was with him and abundant artillery. On the 22d Gregg Avas assailed by Wade Hampton with one of his cavalry divisions, and a sharp contest ensued. Gen eral Hampton from the battle field of the 2 2d, sent a note to General B. E. Lee, suggesting an immediate attack with in fantry ; that great commander realizing that a favorable op portunity was offered to strike Hancock a heavy blow, directed Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill to advance against him as promptly as possible. General Hill left his camp near Petersburg on the night of the 24th, and marching south, halted near Armstrong's Mill, about eight miles from Peters burg. On the morning of the 25th he advanced to Monk's Neck bridge, three miles from Reams Station, and awaited advices 208 North Carolina Troops, 18.61-65. from Hampton. The Confederate force actually present at Reams Station consisted of Cooke's and MacRae's Brigades, of Heth's Division ; Lane's, Scales' and McGowan's Brigades, of Wilcox's Division; Anderson's Brigade of Longstreet's Corps; two brigades of Mahone's Division; Butler's a i'A W. H. F. Lee's Divisions of Cavalry and a portion of Pegram's Battalion of artillery. General Hampton, com manding cavalry, marched at daylight on the morning of the 25th, and drove the Federal cavalry before him at all points. Both of his divisions united at Malone's Crossing, about two and a half miles from Reams Station, having moved against the enemy by different routes. Here Hamp ton Avas attacked by a portion of Hancock's infantry, when he dismounted his entire force and a spirited fight was in pro gress Avhen the columns of A. P. Hill appeared in sight, with the purpose of attacking Hancock's force from the front. , Hancock's infantry, Avho Avere expecting an attack from Hill, had entrenched themselves strongly on the west side of the railroad and a short distance from it. Hill ordered the first assault about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. The assaulting column consisted of Anderson's Georgia Brigade and Scales' North Carolina Brigade. These two brigades, after a severe conflict in Avhich both fought well, were repulsed. The sec ond assault Avas made about 5 o'clock in the afternoon by the three North Carolina Brigades of Lane, Cooke, and MacRae, from left to right, in the order named. These troops had become famous throughout the entire army for their fighting qualities. Hoav could it be otherAvise vrith such brigade com manders ? On this day General Conner, of South Carolina, was commanding Lane's Brigade, as General Lane had been severely Avounded at Cold Harbor. In front of Lane and Cooke the enemy had felled trees, sharpening the limbs and making it very difficult to get through them. MacRae had an open field between him and the enemy's breastAvorks, and for this reason, as the other two brigades would be necessarily retarded by the abatis, which Avas exceedingly formidable Avhere Lane's men had to pass, they Avere ordered to advance somewhat sooner that MacRae's men. MacRae's line of battle was in the edge of a pine thick- Reams Station. 209 et about three hundred yards from the breastworks to be as saulted. AA'alking along the line MacRae told the men that he knew they Avould go over the works, and that he wished them to do so Avithout firing a gun. "All right, General, we Avill go there," Avas the answer Avhich came from all. The men were in high spirits, jesting and laughing, and ready to move on an instant's notice. In the meamAdiile Lane's and Cooke's Brigades adATancing Avere received by a heavy fire of both musketry and artillery. As the fire became more vio lent, especially in front of Lane, MacRae, prompted by that great and magnanimous spirit Avhich eA^er characterized him, and realizing that the crisis of the conflict was at hand, said to Captain Louis G. Voting, his Adjutant-General, "I shall wait no longer for orders. Lane is draAving the entire fire of the enemy ; give the order to advance at once." Hitherto his brigade had received but slight attention from the enemy, the greater portion of their fire having been directed against Lane's and Cooke's Brigades. But Avarned of the danger which threatened them, by the loud cheers from MacRae's Bri gade, as it emerged from its covering of pines and advanced to the assault, they opened a tremendous fire of small arms, with a converging fire of artillery along MacRae's whole front. It Avas all in vain. MacRae's men in a line almost as straight and unbroken as they presented when on parade, Avithout firing a gun, threw themselves forAvard at. a double-quick, and mounting the entrenchments, precipitated themselves among the enemy's infantry on "the other side, who seemed to be dazed by the vehemence of the attack, and made a very fee ble resistance after their Avorks AA7ere reached. Lane's and Cooke's men, stimulated by the shouts of MacRae's Brigade on their right, redoubled their exertions and advancing with great rapidity through the fallen timber, were close under the Avorks AA-hen MacRae struck them. In fact, portions of the three brigades crossed the embankment together, and the glory of the victory belongs equally to them all. Nor were our cavalry idle spectators of the fight. As soon as it was evident to General Hampton that Hill's infantry had com menced the second assault Avith the three North Carolina 14 210 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Brigades, he ordered his entire force, which had been dis mounted, to attack the enemy in flank and rear. This was done most gallantly and successfully. General Rufus Bar ringer, of North Carolina, commanded W. H. F. Lee's Divis ion with marked skill and gallantry, Avhilst Colonel W. H. Cheek, of AVarren county, led Barringer's Brigade with his. accustomed dash. The cavalry vied Avith the infantry in their headlong assault upon the enemy's lines. The Nine teenth North Carolina (2 Cav.), under General W. P. Roberts, of Gates County, carried the first line of rifle-pits on the right, and the cavalry all SAvept over the main line. Their works ¦stormed in front, their lines carried in flank and rear, the en emy's infantry gave way at all points and abandoned the field in confusion and Avithout any appearance of order. In truth, the Federal infantry did not show the determination which had generally marked the conduct of Hancock's Corps. Not so Avith the Federal artillery. It Avas fought to the last with unflinching courage. Some minutes before the second assault was made, General MacRae had ordered Lieutenant W. E. Kyle, with the sharpshooters, to concentrate his fire upon the Federal batteries. Many men and horses rapidly fell under the deadly fire of these intrepid marksmen. Yet still the artillerists who Avere left, stood by their guns. When MacRae's Brigade crossed the embankment, a battery which was on his right front as lie advanced, Avheeled to a right angle with its original position, and opened a fire of grape and can ister at close quarters, enfilading the Confederate lines ; Gen eral MacRae immediately ordered this battery to be taken. Although entirely abandoned by its infantry support, it con tinued a rapid fire upon the attacking column until the guns were reached. Some of the gunners even then refused to sur render and were taken by sheer physical force. They were animated in their gallant conduct by the example of their com manding officer. On horse back, he Avas a conspicuous target, and his voice could be distinctly heard encouraging his men. Struck with admiration by his bravery, eA-ery effort was made by General MacRae, Captain AAT. P. Oldham, Captain Robert Bingham, and one or two others aat1io Avere among the first to reach the guns, to save the life of this manly opponent. Un- Beams Station. 211 fortunately he Avas struck by a ball which came from the ex treme flank, as all firing had ceased in front of him and he fell from his horse mortally Avounded, not more lamented by his oAvn men than by those Avho combatted him. This bat tery, Avhen captured, Avas at once turned upon the retreating columns of the enemy. It Ava's manned by a f eAv of MacRae's sharpshooters, all of Avhom Avere trained in artillery practice. They Avere aided by Captain Oldham, Lieutenant Kyle and others, not noAv remembered. Captain Oldham sighted one of the guns repeatedly, and Avhen he sbav the effect of his ac curate aim upon the disordered masses in front, Avas so jubi lant that General MacRae, Avith his usual quiet humor, re marked, "Oldham thinks he is at a ball in Petersburg." After the capture of the breastworks, General McGpAvan's Brigade Avas sent in on the right. That generous hearted old hero declined to make any official report of the conduct of his brigade, giving as a reason therefor, that he "supposed he Avas only sent in to help the North Carolinians in the pur suit, and gather up the spoils of war AAdiich had been captured by them." His unselfish example Avas Avell Avorthy of imita tion. Mahone's old brigade subsequently advanced over the same field, but the hard fighting Avas over. The Federal loss in this battle Avas between six hundred and seven hundred killed and Avounded, two thousand one hun dred and fifty prisoners, three thousand one hundred stand of small arms, tAvelve stand of colors, nine guns and caissons. Among the prisoners captured Avas General Walker, of Han cock's sta ff . Avho surrendered to Lieutenant Kyle. Kyle here, as elseAvhere, Avas in the A'ery front of the assaulting column. The Confederate loss Avas small, and fell principally upon Lane's Brigade. In the second and final assault it Avas about five hundred in killed and Avounded. The result of this bril liant engagement Avas hailed Avith great rejoicing throughout the South, and shed a declining lustre upon the Confederate battle flag, upon which the sun of victory Avas about to go doAvn forever. General R. E. Lee publicly and repeatedly stated that not only North Carolina, but the Avhole Confed eracy, owed a debt of gratitude to Lane's, Cooke's and Mac Rae's Brigades Avhich could never be repaid. He also wrote to 212 North Carolina Troops, 186l-'65. Governor Vance expressing his high appreciation of their services. From his letter I make this extract : "Headquarters Army Northern Virginia, "August 29, 1864. "His Excellency Z. B. Vance, Governor of North Carolina, Raleigh: "I have frequently been called upon to mention the services of North Carolina soldiers in this army, but their gallantry and conduct Avere never more deserving of admiration than in the engagement at Reams Station on the 25th ultimo. "The brigades of Generals Cooke, MacRae and Lane, the last under the temporary command of General Conner, ad vanced through a thick abatis of felled trees, under a heavy fire of •musketry and artillery, and carried the enemy's Avorks Avith a steady courage that elicited the warm commendation of their corps and division commanders, and the admiration of the army. "On the same occasion the brigade of General Barringer bore a conspicuous part in the operations of the cavalry, Avhich were no less distinguished for boldness and efficiency than those of the infantry. "If the men Avho remain in North Carolina share the spirit of those they have sent to the field, as I doubt not they do, her defence may securely be trusted to their hands. 'T am, Avith great respect, "Your obedient servant, R. E. Lee, "General." The regiments from North Carolina engaged in this battle again illustrated those high qualities which Avill perpetuate the name and fame of the Confederate soldier in the years to come. Unshaken by the fall of Vicksburg and the disaster at Gettysburg, undismayed amidst the general gloom which Avas settling upon the fortunes of the South, they exhibited the same enthusiasm and valor which had marked their con duct upon every field Avhere they stood for the honor, glory and renown of their State. Charles M. Stedman. Greensboro, N. C., 25 August, 1901. THE THIN GRAY LINE OF TAR HEELS." WINCHESTER, 19 SEPTEMBER, 156*. By BRIGADIER-GENERAL BRADLEY T. JOHNSON. In September, 1864, Early's army Avas lying about Win chester. We had been through Maryland, and terrified Washington into fits, and had gotten safely back into Vir ginia, with thousands of horses, cattle, medical stores and hundreds of wag-on loads of edibles of every kind. I had a cavalry brigade of Avild, soutlrwestern Virginia horsemen, as brave and as undisciplined as the Virginia Rangers Colonel Washington surrendered at Fort Necessity, or Andrews fought Cornstalk with at Point Pleasant. I was bivouacked ; Ave had no tents. About three miles north of Winchester, on the Valley pike, and picketed from the Valley pike to the Berryville pike, running east from Winchester, General Rob ert D. Johnston, of North Carolina, had a brigade of from 800 to 1,000 muskets on the Berryville pike, on the top of the ridge running across the road. My pickets Avere a mile in advance of his in Ash HoIIoav. Sheridan, with 45,000 in fantry and 10,000 cavalry, lay eight to fifteen miles beyond our picket lines, from Berryville. and Ripon to Charlestown and HalltoAvn, in Clarke and Jefferson Counties, Va. Now, every morning the Yankee cavalry Avould rush my pickets in on Johnston's posts. He would stop them until I got up, and then I'd drive the Yankees back and re-establish my orig inal picket posts. This done, I would send my command back to camp. I had about eight hundred mounted men, and I would ride up to Bob Johnston's headquarters, which was a wagon under a tree, one camp stool and a frying pan sizzing Avith bacon, and a pot of rye coffee and sorghum. I'd get my breakfast. But after a Aveek of this proceeding it either became monoto nous or my appetite showed no signs of Aveakening. I don't 214 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. knoAv Avhich. One morning I dismounted after my usual morning call to boots and saddle, and sAvung myself very com fortably into Johnston's single and only camp stool. I smelled the bacon and sniffed the coffee, and waited. In a feAV moments the cook handed me a chip for a plate and a tin cup of red-hot coffee — so hot I had to set the cup on the grass, Avhen Bob spoke, saying: "Bradley, you let those Yankees do you too bad. You have got so scared of them that you all run the very first dash they make at you." "Is that so, Robert ?" I said. "That's a pity, but I don't know hoAv to help it I do the best I can. How many Yan kee cavalry do you think you are good for ?" "Well," said he, "I've got eight hundred muskets present for duty. By a Aveek's time, as the boys get back from the hospital, I'll have one thousand. AAtell, Avith one thousand muskets, I think I can take care of five thousand Yanks on horseback." "All right," said I, "Avait and see. I hope you can." So I got my breakfast and Avent off mightily tickled at the conceit of the Tar Heel ; for Sheridan's caAralry, Avith Custer, Torbett and Devens, were about as good soldiers as ever took horse or drew saber. AATe had drilled them so that in three years Ave had taught them to ride. They Avere ahvays drilled enough to fight, and they learned the use of the saber from necessity. Well, things Avent on as usual. Every morning Sheridan Avould send a regiment out to feel Early — to drive in his pickets — so as to make sure Avhere he Avas, and to knoAv AAThere to find him ; and every morning I Avould ride OArer to the Ber ryville road, re-establish my lines, and get my breakfast off of Johnston. By daylight 19 September, a scared cavalryman of my oavii command nearly rode over me, as I lay asleep on the grass, and reported that the Yankees Avere advancing with a heaA^y force of infantry, artillery and cavalry up the Berry ville road. Early Avas up tOAvard Stephenson's depot, and Johnston and I Avere responsible for keeping Sheridan out of AATnchester and protecting the Confederate line of retreat and of communication up the valley. In tAvo minutes my The Thin Gray Line op Tar Heels. 215 command Avas mounted (Ave always saddled up and fed an hour before daAvn) and moving at a trot across the open fields to the BerryAdlle road and to Johnston's assistance. There was not a fence nor a house nor a bush nor a tree to obscure the view. AAvay off, more than two miles, we could see the crest of the hill covered Avith a cloud of Yankee cavalry, and in front of them (five hundred yards in front) was a thin, gray line moving off in retreat stolidly, and AAuth perfect cool ness and self-possession. As soon as I got to realize AA'hat was going on I quickened our gait, and Avhen within a mile broke into a gallop. The scene was as plain as day. A regiment of cavalry would deploy into line, and then their buglers would sound the charge and they would swoop doAvn on the thin gray line of North Carolinians. The instant the Yankee bugle sounded, North Carolina would halt, face to the rear, wait until the horses got AA'ithin one hundred yards, and then fire as deliberately and coolly as if firing volleys on parade drill. The caA^alry Avould break and scamper back and North Carolina would "about face" and continue her march in re treat as solemnly, stubbornly and Avith as much discipline and dignity as if marching in review. But Ave got there just in time as cavalry aid to the Tar Heels. Certainly half a dozen charges had been made at the retreating thin gray line, and each and every time the charging squadrons had been driA^en back, Avhen the enemy sent their line with a rush at the bri gade of Tar Heels, and one squadron OArerlapped the infantry line, and Avas just passing it when we got up. In another minute they would have been behind the line, sabering the men from the rear Avhile they were held by the fight in front. But we struck a head-long strain and Avent through the Yan kees by the flank of the North Carolinians, and carried their adArersaries back to the crest of the hill, back through the guns of their battery, clear back to their infantry lines. In a moment they rallied, and were charging us in front and on both flanks ; and back Ave Avent in a hurry, but the thin gray line of Old North Carolina was safe. They had gotten back to the rest of the infantry and formed lines at right angles to the pike west of Winchester. I rode up to Bob Johnston, very "pert," as Ave say in North 216 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Carolina, and said: "Pretty close call that, Mr. Johnston. What do you think now of the Yankee cavalry's fighting qual ities V And the rest of the day we enjoyed ourselves. We could see everything for miles around. The country Avas en tirely open. The day was beautiful, clear and bright — 19 September. They would form for a forward movement — three lines, one after another — march sedately along until they got Avithin touch of our lines, then raise a hurrah and rush in a charge, and in two minutes the field would be cov ered with running, flying Yankees. There were 45,000 in fantry, 10,000 cavalry and 3,000 mounted gunmen. The thing began at daylight and kept up till dark, when, flanked and worn out, Early retreated to escape being surrounded. This is the story of the "Thin Gray Line of North Caro lina," and the cavalry charge, a feat of arms before Avhich Sir Colin Campbell's "Thin Red Line" at Balaklava fades into insignificance. Baltimore, Md., 19 Sept., 1864. Bradley T. Johnson. Note. — The above is an extract from a very interesting address by Genera] Johnson. — Ed. MOUND BATTERY AT FORT FISHER. (Showing attacking fleet in the Atlantic Ocean.) THE DEFENCE OF FORT FISHER. By its Commandek, WILLIAM LAMB, Colonel Thirty Sixth Regiment North Carolina Troops. The capture of Fort Fisher, N. C, on 15 January, 1865, was followed so quickly by the final dissolution of the South ern Confederacy that the great victory was not fully realized by the American people. The position commanded the last gateway between the Confederate States and the outside Avorld. Its capture, Avith the resulting loss of all the Cape Fear river defenses, and of Wilmington, the great importing depot of the South, effectually ended all blockade-running. General Lee sent me word that Fort Fisher must be held, or he could not subsist his army. The indentation of the Atlantic Ocean in the Carolina coast knoAvn as OnsloAV Bay and the Cape Fear river running south from AVilmington form the peninsula knoAvn as Federal Point Avhich, during the Civil War, was called Confederate Point. Not quite seA-en miles north of the end of this peninsula stood a high sand hill called the "Sugar Loaf." Here there was an intrenched camp for the Army of Wilmington, under Gen eral Braxton Bragg, the department commander, that was hid from the sea by forest and sand hills. From this in trenched camp the river bank, Avith a neighboring ridge of sand-dunes, formed a covered way for troops to within a hundred yards of the left salient of Fort Fisher. Between this road and the ocean beach was an arm of Masonboro Sound, and Avhere it ended, three miles north of the fort, were occasional fresh-water sAvamps, generally Avooded with scrub groAvth, and in many places quite impassable. Along the ocean shore Avas an occasional battery formed from a nat ural sand hill, behind which WhitAVorth guns were carried from the fort to cover belated blockade-runners, or to protect This is reprinted from Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, by courtesv of the Century Company, New York. 218 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. more unfortunate ones that had been chased ashore. About half a mile north of the fort there was a rise in the plain form ing a hill some twenty feet above the tide on the river side, and on this was a redoubt commanding the approach to the fort by the river road. Thus Nature, assisted by some slight engineering work, had given a defense to Confederate Point which would haATe enabled an efficient commander at the in trenched camp, co-operating Avith the garrison of Fort Fisher, to have rendered the Point untenable for a largely superior force at night Avhen the covering fire of the Federal navy could not distinguish between friend and foe. At the land face of Fort. Fisher, five miles from the in trenched camp, the peninsula was about half a mile wide. This face commenced about a hundred feet from the river with a half bastion, and extended Avith a heavy curtain to a full bastion on the ocean side, AA'here it joined the sea face.* The work was built to withstand the heaviest artillery fire. There was no moat Avith scarp and counterscarp, so essential for defense against storming parties, the shifting sands ren dering its construction impossible Avith the material availa ble. The outer slope Avas 20 feet high from the berme to the top of the parapet, at an angle of 45 degrees, and was sodded Avith marsh grass, Avhich greAv luxuriantly. The parapet Avas not less than tAventy-five feet thick, with an inclination of only one foot. The revetment was five feet nine inches high from the floor of the gun chambers, and these Avere some twelve feet or more from the interior plane. The guns were all mounted en barbette, on Columbiad carriages ; there Avas not a single casemated gun in the fort. Experience had taught that casemates of timber and sand baas Avere a delusion and a *When I assumed command of Fort Fisher, i July, 1863, it was composed of several detached earth-works, with a casemated battery of sand and palmetto logs, mounting four guns and with only one heavy gun in the works The frigate Minnesota could have destroyed the works and driven us out. in a few hours. I immediately went to work, and with 500 colored laborers, assisted by the garrison, constructed the largest earth-work in the Southern Confederacy, of heavy timbers cov ered by sand from 15 to 20 feet deep and sodded with turf. The fort was far from complete when it was attacked, especially as against an as sault by land ; the sides exposed to the sea being first constructed, on the theory that the Armv of Wilmington would prevent an investment. — W. L. The Defence op Fort Fisher. 219 snare against heaA^y projectiles; and there was no iron to construct them Avith. Between the gun-chambers, containing one or two guns each (there Avere twenty heavy guns on the land face), there Avere hea\7y traverses, exceeding in size any knoAvn to engineers, to protect from an enfilading fire. They extended out some twelve feet on the parapet, and were twelve feet or more in height above the parapet, running back thirty feet or more. The gun-chambers Avere reached from the rear by steps. In each traverse was an alternate magazine or bomb-proof, the latter ventilated by an air chamber. Pas- sageAvays penetrated the traverses in the interior of the work, forming additional bomb-proofs for the reliefs for the guns. The sea face for a hundred yards from the northern bastion was of the same massive character as the land face. A cres cent battery intended for four guns, joined this. It had been originally built of palmetto logs and tarred sand-bags and sand revetted Avith sod ; but the logs had decayed, and it was converted into a hospital bomb-proof. In its rear a heavy curtain was thrown up to protect the chambers from frag ments of shells. From this bomb-proof a series of batteries extended for three-quarters of a mile along the sea, connected by an infantry curtain. These batteries had heaA7y traverses, but were not more than ten or twelve feet high to the top of the parapets, and Avere built for ricochet firing. On this line Avas a bomb-proof electric battery connected Avith a sys tem of submarine torpedoes. Farther along, Avhere the chan nel ran close to the beach, inside the bar, a mound battery 60 feet high Avas erected, Avith tAvo heavy guns, which had a plunging fire on the channel ; this Avas connected Avith the bat tery north of it by a light curtain. Following the line of the works, it Avas over one mile from the mound to the northeast bastion at the angle of the sea and land faces, and upon this line twenty-four heavy guns were mounted. From the mound for nearly a mile to the end of the point was a level sand plain scarcely three feet above high tide, and much of it Avas sub merged during gales. At the point Avas Battery Buchanan, four guns, in the shape of an ellipse, commanding the inlet, its two 11-inch guns covering the approach by land. It was garrisoned by a detachment from the Confederate States navy. 220 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. An advanced redoubt with a 24-pounder Avas added after the attack by the forces under General Butler and Admiral Por ter on Christmas, 1864. A wharf for large steamers was in close proximity to these works. Battery Buchanan was a cit adel to which an overpoAvered garrison might retreat and with proper transportation be safely carried off at night, and to Avhich re-enforcements could be sent under co\Ter of darkness. Thus Fort Fisher, being designed to withstand the heaviest bombardment, Avas extremely difficult to defend against as sault after its guns were destroyed. The soldiers in the gun- chambers could not see the approach in front for a hundred feet, and to repel assailants they had to leave all cover and stand upon the open parapet. As a defense against infantry there Avas a system of sub- terra torpedoes extending across the peninsula, five to six hundred feet from the land face, and so disconnected that the explosion of one Avould not affect the others ; inside the torpe does, about fifty feet from the berme of the work, extending from river bank to sea-shore, was a heavy palisade of shar pened logs nine feet high pierced for musketry, and so laid out as to have an enfilading fire on the center, where there was a redoubt, guarding a sally-port, from which two Napo leons Avere run out, as occasion required. At the river end of the palisade Avas a deep and muddy slough, across which Avas a bridge, the entrance of the river road into the fort; commanding this bridge was a Napoleon gun. There were three mortars in rear of the land face. It Avas after a careful reconnoissance on 25 December, 1864, haA'ing draAvn our fire by an advance of his skirmish line to Avithin 75 yards of the fort, that General Godfrey Weitzel, finding the Avorks substantially uninjured by the ex plosion of the poAvder ship and the two days' terrific bom bardment of Porter's great armada, reported to Butler that the fort could not be carried bv assault.* In the Avorks on that *General B. F. Butler in his report of the operations of his troops, says in part : "Brevet Brigadier-General [N. M.] Curtis, who deserves well for his gallantry and conduct, immediately pushed up his brigade within a few hundred yards of Fort Fisher, capturing the Half-moon battery and its men, who were taken off by the boats of the navy. In the mean time the remainder of Ames's division had captured 218 men and 10 com- The Defence of Fort Fisher. 221 afternoon were over 900 veteran troops and 450 Junior Re serves, reinforced after dark by 60 sailors and marines. As soon as the fire of the fleet ceased, the parapets were not only manned, but half the garrison Avas stationed outside the Avork behind the palisades. There Avas no fear of an assault in front ; what most disturbed the defenders Avas a possible landing from boats between the Mound Battery and Battery Buchanan. Admiral Porter Avas as much to blame as Gen eral Butler for the repulse.* missioned officers of the North Carolina reserves and other prisoners. From them I learned that Kirkland's and Hagood's brigades of Hoke's division had left the front of the Army of the James, near Richmond, and Avere then within two miles of the rear of my forces, and their skir mishers were then actually engaged, and the remainder of Hoke's divis ion had come the night before to Wilmingtion, and were then on the march, if they had not already arrived. General Weitzel reported to me that to assault the work, in his judgement, and in that of the expe rienced officers of his command who had been on the skirmish-line, with any prospect of success, was impossible. This opinion coincided with my own, and much as I regretted the necessity of abandoning the attempt, yet the path of duty was plain. Not. so strong a work as Fort Fisher had been taken by assault during the war, and I had to guide me the experience of Port Hudson, with its slaughtered thousands in the re pulsed assault, and the double assault of Fort Wagner, where thousands were sacrificed in an attempt to take a work less strong than Fisher. after it had been subjected to a more continued and fully as severe fire, And in neither of the instances I have mentioned had the assaulting force in its rear, as I had, an army of the enemy larger than itself. I therefore ordered that no assault should be made, and that the troops should re-embark." — Editors. * General Butler was blamed by contemporaneous writers for not cap turing the works For this criticism he had himself to blame. On the evening of the 25th, before waiting for official reports, he listened to camp gossip and wrote to Admiral Porter: " General Weitzel advanced his skirmish-line within fifty yards of the fort, while the garrison was kept in their bombproofs by the fire of the navy, and so closely that three or four men of the picket-line ventured upon the parapet and through the sally-port of the work, capturing a horse, which they brought off, killing the orderly, who was the bearer of a dispatch from the chief of artillery of General Whiting, to bring a light battery within the fort, and also brought awav from the parapet the flag of the fort." This piece of romance was sent North, and has gotten a lodgment in current history, and is actually repeated by General Grant in his "Me moirs," though General Butler corrected the error in his official report of 3 January, 1865. No Federal soldier entered Fort Fisher Christmas day. except as a prisoner. The courier was sent out of the fort without my knowledge, and was killed and his horse captured within the ene my's lines. The flag captured was a small company flag, placed on the extreme left of the Avork, and which was carried away and thrown off the parapet by an enfilading shot from the navy. It was during a terrible 222 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. The garrison of Fort Fisher Avas composed altogether of North Carolinians. For tAvo years and a half the force had been under my command, and in that time only two compa nies, temporarily there, were from outside the State. After the repulse of Butler and Porter, although some important guns were destroyed by the bombardment and by explosion, little or nothing was clone to repair damages or strengthen the armament of the work. Bequisitions were made for addi tional ammunition, especially for hand grenades, to repel as sault, but it Avas impossible to obtain AAdiat was needed. Application Avas made for the placing of marine torpe does where the iron-clads had anchored, and whither they returned, but no action was taken on it. Although we heard on 8 January that the fleet had returned to Beau fort, and Ave kneAv that Fort Fisher was still its objec tive point, General Braxton Bragg withdrew the support ing army from Sugar Loaf and marched it to a camp sixteen miles distant, north of Wilmington, and there had a grand revieAv. The fort Avas not even advised of the coming of the fleet, which should have been seen off Masonboro during the day; and its arrival Avas reported from Fort Fisher to head quarters in Wilmington. The night of 12 January, from the ramparts of Fort Fisher I saAv the great armada returning. My mounted pickets had informed me of its coming. I began at once to put my works in order for action. I had but S00 men — the Thirty-sixth North Carolina — at least 100 of whom. Avere not fit for duty. bombardment of the land-face, when I had ordered my men to cover themselves behind parapet and traverses as well as in the bomb proofs. Amid the smoke of bursting shells, Captain W. H. Walling, of the 143d New York, gallantly crawled through the broken palisade and carried off the flag, doing what two or more men could not have done without ob servation. The angle of the work hid him from the sharp-shooters on the front, who, from behind traverses, were watching for an advance. When Butler's skirmish-line approached I purposely withheld the fire of the infantry and artillery until an attack should be made in force. Only one gun on the land-face had been seriously disabled, and I could have opened a fire of grape and canister on the narrow beach, which no troops could have survived. In the second attack by the army, as the reader will see, all my heavy guns on the land-face but one were dis abled ; my torpedoes were useless, and my palisades were so torn up and cut down that they furnished a protection to the assailants instead of a formidable impediment.— W L. The Defence of Fort Fisher. 223 Sunrise the next morning reArealed to us the most formidable armada the Avorld had ever known, supplemented by trans ports carrying about 8,500 troops. Suddenly that long line of floating fortresses rained shot and shell, upon fort and beach and wooded hills, causing the very earth and sea to tremble. I had telegraphed for reinforcements, and during the day and night foUoAving about 700 arrived — companies of light and heaAry artillery, North Carolina troops, and some 50 sailors and marines of the Confederate States navy — giving me 1,500, all told, up to the morning of 15 January, including the sick and slightly Avounded. On Friday, the 13th, in the midst of the bombardment, General W. H. C. AATtiting, the district commander, and his staff, arrived in the fort. They had Avalked up from Battery Buchanan. I did not know of their approach until the general came to me on the Avorks and remarked, "Lamb, my boy, I haAre come to share your fate. You and your garrison are to be sacri ficed." I replied, "Don't say so, General; we shall certainly Avhip the enemy again." He then told me that Avhen he left Wilmington General Bragg Avas hastily removing his stores and ammunition, and Avas looking for a place to fall back upon.* I offered him the command, although he came un armed and without orders ; but he refused, saying he would counsel Avith me, but Avould leave me to conduct the defense. In the former bombardment the fire of the fleet had been diffuse, not calculated to effect any particular damage, and so wild that at least one-third of the missiles fell in the river 'beyond the fort or in the bordering marshes ; but now the fire Avas concentrated, and the definite object of the fleet was the destruction of the land defenses by enfilade and direct fire, *ln a report to General Lee, dictated at Fort Fisher 18 January, 1865, and another (inclosing the first one) dated Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, 19 February, 1865, General Whiting blamed General Bragg for the loss of Fort Fisher, and asks that the latter's conduct be investi gated. He says : "I went into the fort with the conviction that it was to be sacrificed, for the last I heard General Bragg say, was to point out a line to fall back on if Fort Fisher fell " General Bragg was "charged with the command and defense of Wilmington," by the Secretary of War, on 24 October 1864 ; and General Whiting concludes with a feeling reference to the fact that he was not allowed to conduct the defense of ''a harbor on which I had expended for two years all the labor and skill I had.'' — Editors. 224 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. and the ships took position accordingly. When attacked in December, I had had for my 44 heavy guns and three mortars not over 3,600 shot and shell; and for the most effective gun in the work, the 150-pounder Armstrong, there were but 13 shells, and Ave had no other ammunition that could be used in it. The frigates Minnesota and Wabash each had an arma ment superior to ours, and these two vessels alone fired more shot and shell at the Avorks in the last attack than we had, all told or on hand, in both engagements. During the time be tween the two expeditions we had begged for more ammuni tion, but none came except a f eAv useless bolts designed for the Armstrong gun. In the former fight we had fired 1,272 shot and shell; leaving about 2,328, exclusive of grape and shrap nel, to resist a passage of the ships and an assault by land. I Avas obliged to husband my ammunition eAren more than in the previous battle, and therefore gave the same orders that each gun should be fired only once every half hour until disa bled or destroyed, except Avhen special orders were given to concentrate on a particular vessel, or in case an attempt were made to cross the bar and run in, when every available gun should be used Avith all possible effectiveness. It Avas this sIoav firing from the fort, at times not over forty-four guns in thirty minutes, compared to the naval fire of from one to two guns a second, that gave the navy the erroneous idea that they had silenced the fort. But no attempt was made to run by the fort, which was a great surprise to us. Occasionally a Avooden vessel, more daring than her consorts, would come close in, when the guns of several batteries would be concen trated upon her and she would be quickly Avithdrawn more or less injured. All day and night on 13 and 14 January the navy con tinued its ceaseless torment; it was impossible to repair dam ages at night on the land face. The Ironsides and monitors bowled their eleven and fifteen inch shells along the parapet, scattering shrapnel in the darkness. We could scarcely gather up and bury our dead Avithout fresh casualties. At least hvo hundred had been killed and Avounded in the two days since the fight began. Only three or four of my land guns Avere of any service. The Federal army had been ap- The Defence of Fort Fisher. 225 proaching on the river side during the day; but they Avere more or less covered by the formation of the land, and we could only surmise their number. I had seen them pass Craig's Landing near mj cottage and occupy the redoubt about half a mile from the fort. We had fired some shot and shell at their approaching columns, but it Avas at a fearful cost of limb and life that a land gun Avas discharged ; for to fire from that face Avas to draw upon the gunners the fury of the fleet. Early in the afternoon, to my astonishment, I saAv a Confed erate flat-bottomed steam transport, loaded with stores, ap proaching Craig's Landing, which Avas noAv in the enemy's lines. 1 had a gun fired toAvard her to Avarn her off, but on she came, unconscious of her danger, and she fell an easy cap tive in the enemy's hands. Shortly after, the Confederate steamer Chiclcamauga, Avhich had been annoying the enemy from the river, fired into and sank the stupid craft. This in cident gave me the first intimation that Ave Avere deserted. From the conformation of the Cape Fear river, General Bragg could have passed safely from Sugar Loaf toAvard Smithville, and Avith a glass could haAre seen everything on the beach and in the fort, and in person or through an aide, Avith the steamers at his command, could have detected every movement of the enemy ; but now, thirty-six hours after the fight had commenced, seA'eral hours after Craig's Landing had been in the possession of the enemy, he sent into the en emy's lines a steamer full of sorely needed stores, Avhich at night could haAre gone to Battery Buchanan in safety. AVe had both telegraphic and signal communication between Fort Fisher and Sugar Loaf, Bragg's headquarters, and I got Gen eral AATiiting to telegraph him to attack the enemy under cover of night when the fleet could not co-operate, and Ave would do the same from the fort, and that thus Ave could capture a por tion or the Avhole of the force, or at least demoralize it. No reply Avas received. Still I thought General Bragg could not fail to respond ; so, after the dead were buried, ten com panies Avere put in readiness for a sortie, and I carried Cap tain Patterson's company out in front of the Avork beyond the palisade line and the range of the enemy's fire, and threw them out as skirmishers with orders to discover the position 15 226 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. of the enemy. We found none on the sea shore Avithin half a mile, but on the river shore they were occupying the re doubt, Avhere their skirmishers extended toAvard the left of the fort. Some of them fired on us, but we remained there awaiting a message from Bragg, or the sound of his guns from the north, but in vain, and before daylight Ave retired to the fort. WitTi the rising sun, on the 15 th, the fleet, which had been annoying us all through the night, redoubled its fire on the land face. The sea Avas calm, the naval gunners had become accurate by practice, and before noon but one heavy gun, pro tected by the angle of the northeast bastion, remained ser viceable on that face. The harvest of Avounded and dead Avas increased, and at noon I had not 1,200 men to defend the long line of Avorks. The enemy Avere now preparing to assault; Ave saAv their skirmish line on the left digging rifle pits close to our torpedo lines and their columns along the river shore massing for the attack, AAdiile their sharpshooters Avere firing upon every head that sliOAved itself upon our front. Despite the imminent danger to the gunners I ordered the two Napo leons at the central sally-port and the Napoleon on the left to fire grape and canister upon the advancing skirmish line. They fearlessly obeyed the order, and Avith effectiA^eness, but at a sad sacrifice in killed and Avounded. At the same time on Ihe ocean side a column composed of sailors and marines was seen to approach, the advance throAving up slight trenches. On these we brought to bear our single heavy gun, Avhile the two guns on the mound battery turned their attention from the sailors afloat to the sailors on shore, but at too long range to be very effective. Hagood's Brigade, sent by Bragg, was now arriving at Battery Buchanan, but the steamer bearing them avas driven off by the fire of the fleet after it had suc ceeded in landing tAvo South Carolina regiments, Avhich came at a. double-quick to the mound under a heaAw fire. The num ber < d' these reinforcements Avas reported to me by the officer in command as 350. Thev reached the fort less than thirty minutes before the attacking columns came like avalanches upon our right and left. The South Carolinians were out of breath and more or less disorganized and demoralized by The Defence of Fort Fisher. 227 the ordeal through Avhich, by Bragg's neglect, they had been forced to pass. I sent them to an old commissary bomb proof to recover breath. My headquarters during the fight Avere the pulpit battery on the sea face, one hundred yards from the northeast salient and adjoining the hospital bomb-proof, commanding the best vieAv of the approaches to the land face. At 2 :30, as I Avas returning from another battery, Private Arthur Muldoon, one of my lookouts, called to me, "Colonel, the enemy are about to charge." I informed General Whiting, Avho was near, and at my request he immediately telegraphed General Bragg, at "Sugar Loaf" : "The enemy are about to assault; they outnumber us heav ily. AVe are just manning our parapets. Fleet have ex tended down the sea front outside and are firing A'ery heavily. Enemy on the beach in front of us in very heaAry force, not more than seven hundred yards from us. Nearly all land guns disabled. Attack ! Attack ! It is all I can say and all you can do."* 1 then passed hurriedly doAvn in rear of the land face and through the galleries, and although the fire of the fleet Avas terrific, I kneAv it must soon cease, and I Ordered additional sharpshooters to the gun-chambers with instructions to pick off the officers in the assaulting columns, and directed the battery commanders to form their detachments and rush to the top of the parapets when the firing stopped and drive the assailants back. As I returned, I instructed the squads that were forming under cover to rally to the parapets as soon as the order should be given, to Avhich they responded Avith en thusiasm. I had determined to alloAV the assailants to reach the berme of the work before exploding a line of torpedoes, be- lieving it would enable us to kill or capture the first line, while destroying or demoralizing their supporting lines of as sault. I had not quite reached my headquarters when the roar of artillery suddenly ceased, and instantly the steam- whistles of the vast fleet sounded a charge. It Avas a soul- stirring signal both to besiegers and besieged. *The original, in Whiting's handwriting, is in possession of Dr. Geo. L. Porter, Bridgeport, Conn. — W. L. 228 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. I ordered my aide, Lieutenant Charles H. Blocker, to double-quick the TAventy-first and Twenty-fifth South Caro lina to reinforce Major James Beilly, whom I had put in com mand on the left, while I went to the northeast salient, AAdiich I believed to be the vital point of the Avork and the one which needed most protection. I rallied there the larger portion of the garrison of the main work, putting 300 men on top of the bastion and adjoining- parapets and holding some 200 more in the adjoining batteries. About 250 remained for de fense on the left, to which I supposed the 350 South Caroj linians Avould immediately be added, and these AATith the Na poleon and the torpedoes I felt sure would successfully defend that portion of the Avork. The assaulting line on the right Avas directed at the angle or point of the L, and consisted of two thousand sailors and marines,* the greater portion of whom had flanked my torpedo lines by keeping close to the sea. Ordering; the mound batten, and am- other on the sea face that could do so, to fire upon them, and the two Napo leons at the sally-port to join our Columbiad in pouring grape and canister into their ranks, I held in reserve the infantry fire. Whiting stood upon the brink of the parapet inspiring those about him. The sailors and marines reached the berme and some sprang up the slope, but a murderous fire greeted them and SAvept them doAvn. Volley after A'olley Avas poured into their faltering ranks by cool, determined men, and in half an hour several hundred dead and Avounded lay at the foot of the bastion. The braATery of the officers could not re strain their men from panic and retreat, and Avith small loss to ourselves Ave Avituessed A\diat had never been seen before, a disorderly rout of American sailors and marines. Had the fleet helped their own column as they did afterward that of the army, theirs would have been the glory of victory. As our shouts of triumph Avent up I turned to look at the Avestern salient, and saAv, to niA' astonishment, three Federal *Secretary Welles, in his report of the Navy Department, 4 Decem ber, 1805, says: "Fourteen hundred sailors and marines were landed and participated in the direct assault"; but Admiral Porter in his report, dated off Fort Fisher, 17 January, 1865, says: ' I detailed 1,600 sailors and 400 marines to accompany the troops in the assault — the sailors to board the sea-face, while the troops assaulted the land side." — Editoe. The Defence of Fort Fisher. 229 battle flags upon our ramparts. General Whiting saw them at the same moment, and, calling on the men to pull down those flags and drive the enemy from the work, rushed toward them on the parapet. Among those avIio followed Whiting, and who gave his young life upon those ramparts, I must mention the brave Lieutenant AVilliford, who commanded the Blakely Battery. In order to make a careful reconnoissance of the position of the enemy, I passed through the sally-port, and outside of the Avork witnessed a saA-age hand-to-hand conflict for the possession of the fourth gun-chamber from the left bastion. M}' men, led by AA7hiting, had driven the standard-bearer from the top of the traverse and the enemy from the parapet in front. They had recovered the gun-chamber with great slaughter, and on the parapet and on the long traverse of the next gun-chamber the contestants Avere savagely firing into each other's faces, and in some cases clubbing their guns, being too close to load and fire. Whiting had quickly been Avounded by tAvo shots and had been carried to the hospital bomb-proof. I saAv that the Confederates were exposed not only to the fire in front, but to a galling infantry fire from the captured salient. I saAv also a fresh force pouring into the left of- the Avork, noAv offering no resistance. I doubt if ever before the commander of a work Avent outside of it and looked back upon the conflict for its possession ; but from the peculiar construction of the Avorks it was necessary to do so in order to see the exact position of affairs. I was in front of the sally-port and concealed from the army by a fragment of the palisade.* Ordering Captain Z. T. Adams to turn his Napoleons on the column moving into the fort (the gallant Mayo had already turned his Columbiad upon them), I returned into the work, and, placing men behind every cover that could be found, poured at close range a deadlier fire into the flank of *I was told, several years after the war, by a United States marine named Clark, that I was distinctly seen and recognized by a comrade and himself who had feigned death in front of the north-east salient, and that his comrade rose from his place of concealment to shoot me, but before he could fire was shot in the 'head by a soldier in the fort. I never thought of danger from that direction. — W. L. 230 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the enemy occupying the gun-chambers and traverses than they were able to deliver upon my men from the left salient. While thus engaged I met my aide, who informed me that the South Carolinians had failed to respond to my order, al though their officers had pleaded Avith them, and with a few of them had gone into the fight; that the assaulting column had made two distinct charges upon the extreme left and had been repulsed by the fire of the Napoleon and by the in fantry ; that the torpedo Avires had been cut by the fire of the fleet and the electrician had tried in vain to execute my or ders ; that, driven from the extreme left, the enemy had found a weak defense between the left salient and the sally-port in their third charge, and had gained the parapet and, capturing two gun-chambers, had attacked the force in the left bastion on the flank, simultaneously Avith a direct charge of a fresh column, and that our men after great slaughter, especially those at the Napoleon, had been forced to surrender just as Ave had repulsed the naval column ; that to add to the discom fiture of the Confederates, as soon as the Federal battle flag9 appeared on the ramparts, Battery Buchanan had opened with its two heavy guns on the left of the work, killing and wounding friend and foe alike. Major Reilly had failed to lead the men to the top of the parapet on the right of the Avest ern salient, firing instead from the two gun-chambers on the assailants, who were not Avithin range until they reached the parapet. Had the parapet been manned by fifty determined men at this point, I do not believe the enemy could have got into the fort before reinforcements had arrived. Keilly Avas a veteran soldier, and shoAved his indomitable courage later in the day, but his mistake Avas fatal. This Avas dishearten ing, but I told Captain Blocker if we could hold the enemy in check until dark I would then drive them out, and I sent a telegram by him to Bragg, imploring him to attack, and say ing that I could still saAre the fort. NotAvithstanding the loss of a portion of the work and a part of the garrison, the men Avere in good spirits and seemed determined to recover the fort. We had retaken one gun- chamber in the charge on the parapet, and since Ave had opened on their flank Ave had shot down all their standard- The Defence of Fort Fisher. 231 bearers, and the Federal battle flags had disappeared from our ramparts. I Avas encouraged to believe that before sun- doAvn Ave could recover all the gun-chambers to the east of the western salient. Just as the tide of battle seemed to have turned in our favor the remorseless fleet came to the rescue of the faltering Federals. Suddenly the bombardment, which had been confined to the sea face, turned again on our land front, and Avith deadly precision; the iron-clads and heavy frigates drove in our Napoleons and exploded shells in the in terior of the sally-port, AAdiich had heretofore escaped. They also swept the gun-chamber occupied by Confederates in front of those occupied by the enemy, and their shells rolled doAvn Avithin the works and exploded in most unexpected quarters, preventing even company formation. They drove from the front of the enemy all assailants except those so near that to haA^e fired on them would have been to slaughter the Fed erals. We had now to contend Avith a column advancing around the rear of the left bastion into the interior plane of the fort. It moved slowly and cautiously, apparently in column of com panies and in close order. I met it Avith an effective infantry fire, my men using the remains of an old work as a breast- Avork and taking advantage of eA^ery object that Avould afford cover, for Ave Avere noAV greatly outnumbered. The fire was so unexpected and destructive on the massed columns of the Federals, that they halted Avhen an advance Avould have been fatal to us. AATth orders to the officers to dispute stubbornly any advance until my return, I Avent rapidly to the extreme southern limit of my Avork and turned the two mound guns on the column in the fort. As I passed the different batteries I ordered the guns turned on the assailants, but on returning found that only two besides those on the mound would bear upon them, and these had to be fired over my men. I or dered them, notwithstanding, to be fired carefully with prop erly cut fuses, Avhich Avas done, but it made some of my men very nervous. I brought back with me to the front every man except a single detachment for each gun. I Avas gone from the fort at least thirty minutes, and on my return found the fighting still continuing over the same traverse for the 232 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. possession of the gun-chamber, despite the fire of the fleet. As my men would fall others would take their places. It was a soldier's fight at that point, for there could be no or ganization ; the officers of both forces were loading and firing Avith their men. If there has ever been a longer or more stubborn hand-to-hand encounter, I have failed to meet with it in history. The Federal column inside had advanced no farther, and seemed demoralized by the fire of the artillery and the determined resistance of the garrison. I had brought back Avith me more than a hundred of my old garrison, and I threAV them in front Avith those already engaged. Those who had been driven from the parapet had taken position behind the old Avork. I Avent to the bomb-proof where the South Carolinians Avere and appealed to them to help save the fort ; they Avere in a position to flank a part of the column, and they promised to do so. I proceeded to the sally-port and ordered the gallant Adams to bring his guns out and open fire on the head of the column, and if he had not men left to serve the guns to get volunteers from other companies. I went along the galleries and begged the sick and Avounded Avho had re treated from the captured bomb-proofs to come and make one supreme effort to dislodge the enemy. As I passed through my work the last time, the scene was indescribably horrible. Great cannon were broken in two, and over their ruins' were lying the dead ; others were partly buried in graves dug by the shells AAdiich had slain them. Still no tidings from Bragg. The enemy's advance had ceased entirely ; protected by the fleet, they held the parapet and gun-chambers, but their massed columns refused to move and appeared to be intrenching in the work. I believed a de termined assault Avith the bayonet upon their front Avould drive them out. I had cautioned the gunners not to fire on our men, and had sent Lieutenant Jones, of the navy, to Battery Buchanan, asking for all the force they could spare, and to be careful not to fire on us if Ave became closely en gaged Avitb the enemy. The head of the column Avas not over one hundred feet from the portion of our breastwork which I occupied ; I passed quickly in rear of the line and asked the officers and men if they would follow me; they all responded The Defence of Fort Fisher. 233 fearlessly that they would. I returned to my post, and, giv ing the order "Charge bayonets," sprang upon the breast work, AvaAred my sword, and, as I gave the command "For ward ! double-quick, march !" fell on my knees, a rifle ball having entered my left hip. We were met by a heavy vol ley, aimed too high to be effective ; but our column wavered and fell back behind the breastworks. A soldier raised me up ; 1 turned the command over to Captain Daniel Munn and told him to keep the enemy in check, and that I would band age my wound and soon return. Before I could reach the hospital I was made to realize that I Avas incapacitated from joining my men again. In the hospital I found General AVhiting suffering uncomplainingly from his two wounds. He told me that Bragg had ignored his presence- in the fort and had not noticed his messages. I perceiAred that the fire of my men had slackened, and sent my Acting Adjutant, John N. Kelly, for Major Eeilly, next in command (Major James M. Stevenson being too ill for service. ) Beilly came and promised me that he Avould continue the fight as long as a man or a shot was left, and nobly did he keep his promise. I again sent a message to Bragg begging him to come to the rescue. Shortly after my fall the Federals made an advance, and, capturing seAreral more of the gun-chambers, reached the sally-port. The column in the Avork advanced, but Major Beilly, rallying the men, among them the South Carolinians, Avho had all become engaged, drove them back. About 8 o'clock at night my aide came to me and said the ammunition was giving out ; that he and Chaplain McKinnon had gath ered all on the dead and Avounded in a blanket and had dis tributed it ; that the enemy had possession of nearly all of the land face ; that it was impossible to hold out much longer, and suggested that it Avould be Avise to surrender, as a further struggle might be a useless sacrifice of life. I replied that so long as I lived I would not surrender the fort ; that Bragg must soon come to the rescue, and it Avould save us. General AVliiting remarked, "Lamb, Avhen yon die I will assume com mand, and I Avill not surrender the fort." In less than an hour a fourth brigade (three Avere already in the fort under General Ames) entered the sally-port and swept the defenders 234 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. from the remainder of the land face. Major Beilly had General AVhiting and myself hurriedly removed on stretchers to Battery Buchanan, Avhere he purposed to make a stand. AVhen Ave left the hospital the men were fighting over the ad joining traverse and the spent balls fell like hail-stones around us. The garrison then fell back in an orderly retreat along the sea face, the rear-guard keeping the enemy engaged as they advanced slowly and cautiously in the darkness as far as the Mound Battery, where they halted. Some of the men, cut off from the main body, had to retreat as best they could over the riArer marsh, while some feAV unarmed artil lerists barely eluded the enemy by foUoAving the seashore. AA^hen Ave reached Battery Buchanan there was a mile of level beach between us and our pursuers, swept by two 11-inch guns and a 24-pounder, and in close proximity to the battery, a commodious wharf where transports could have come to carry the men off. We expected to cover Avith this battery the retreat of the remnant of the garrison, but Ave found the guns spiked, and every means of transportation, even the barge and crew of the colonel commanding, taken by Cap tain R. F. Chapman, of our navy, Avho foUoAving the example of General Bragg, had abandoned us to our fate. None of the guns of Fort Fisher Avere spiked, the men fighting them until they Avere destroyed or their defenders were killed, wounded, or driven out of the batteries by overwhelming numbers. The enemy threAv out a heavy skirmish line and sent their fourth brigade to Battery Buchanan, AA'here it ar rived about 10 p. m., and received the surrender of the gar rison from Major James IT. Hill and Lieutenant George D. Parker. Some fifteen minutes or more before the surrender, while lying on a stretcher near General Whiting in front of the battery, and AA'itnessing the grand pyrotechnic display of the fleet over the capture of Fort Fisher, I Avas accosted by General A. H. Colquitt, who had been ordered to the fort to take command. I had a feAV moments' hurried conversation with him, informed him of the assault, of the early loss of a portion of the work and garrison, and that Avhen I fell it had for a time demoralized the men, but that the enemy was equally demoralized by our unexpected resistance; and I as- 4/ 0 1 'A PONTOOSi ^TWAUMil SENECA ¦>^| YANTIC rjj-i peOuot > ^ HURON -''J,! UNAOILLA -"^-l KANSAS 3 ?•' lV3»TACONY 4 ¦'-'V -"-* MOHICAN .' :^?5"* BROOKLYN * NEW IRONSIDES , COLORADO ^) ~t, VAM O ER 81 L.1 •-P^ WABASH 1 MONADNOCK ) 2 SAUGUS 3 CANONICU6 e, MAHOPAC ium. • GOV. BUCKINGHAM t HRlTTAMtA | TR1STAM 3HAWDV jVSUSOUEHANNA f nanIemONO f EMMA f eolu s f MOCCASIN i id/ .r ¦<->;-¦ POWKATAI ^Od^TuSCARORA ./"^TlUNIATA ^5- SHENANDOAH .v-^VICKSBURG „_. a: s' 77y TlCONOEROGA 27Sh.Vh9i.Oti ^ ? 0CETTYSRUR.G (/j «S ,, OSCEOLA *A.D.VANCE // . V^L' SASSACUS /cmerokeE - ' \ - O* CHIPPtWA . V> R.RXUYLER ^WILDERNESS \VV-yV MARATANZA * HOWGUAH \ N-J/RHODE ISO. 'ARIES v\ 0* MONTICELLO \V Alabama > MONTGOMERY KEYSTONE STATE O CITY IOSCO BOMBARDMENT OF FORT FISHER. The Defence op Fort Fisher. 235 sured him that if Bragg Avould even then attack, a fresh bri gade landed at Battery Buchanan could retake the Avork. Some officer suggested that the general should take me with him, as I was probably fatally wounded, but I refused to leave, wishing to share the fate of my garrison; and desir ing that my family, anxiously aAvaiting tidings across the river, Avhere they had watched the battle, should not be alarmed, I spoke lightly of my Avound. I asked him to carry General Whiting to a place of safety, as he had come to the fort a volunteer. Just then the approach of the enemy was reported, and Colquitt made a precipitate retreat, leaving Whiting behind.* One more distressing scene remains to be chronicled. The next morning after sunrise a frightful explosion occurred in my reserve magazine, killing and wounding several hun dred of the enemy and some of my own wounded officers and men. The magazine was a frame structure 20 x 60 feet and 6 feet high, covered Avith 18 feet or more of sand, luxuriantly turfed, and contained probably 13,000 pounds of powder. It made an artificial mound most inviting to a Avearied sol dier, and after the fight Avas occupied for the night by Colonel Alden's One Hundred and Sixty-ninth New York and by some of my suffering soldiers. Two sailors from the fleet, stupefied by liquor Avhich they had found in the hospital, and looking for booty, were seen to enter the structure with lights, and a moment after the green mound bleAV up. The tele graph wires, running from a bomb-proof near this magazine across the river to Battery Lamb, gave rise to the impression that it had been purposely exploded from the opposite shore, but an official investigation traced it to the drunken sailors. So stoutly did those Avorks resist the 50,000 shot and shell throAA-n against them in the two bombardments that not a magazine or bomb-proof Avas injured, and after the land ar mament, Avith palisades and torpedoes, had been destroyed, no assault Avould have been practicable in the presence of Bragg's force, had it been under a competent officer. One 'General Whiting died a prisoner at Fort Columbus, New York Har bor, March 10th, 1865. 236 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. thousand tons of iron were gathered by the United States from the works. Had there been no fleet to assist the army at Fort Fisher the Federal infantry could not have dared assault it until its land defenses had been destroyed by gradual approaches. For the first time in the history of sieges the land defenses of the works Avere destroyed, not by any act of the besieging army, but by the concentrated fire, direct and enfilading, of an immense fleet poured upon them Avithout intermission, until torpedo Avires Avere cut, palisades breached so that they actually afforded cover for assailants, and the slopes of the Avork Avere rendered practicable for assault. ADDENDA. In a note to the editor Colonel Lamb in Avriting of the repulse of Butler and Porter in December, says : ''The guns of Fort Fisher were not silenced. On account of a limited supply of ammunition, I gave orders to fire each gun not more than once in thirty minutes, except by special order, unless an attempt should be made to run by the fort, Avhen discretion was given each gun commander to use his piece effectively. There were forty-four guns. On 24 De cember 672 shots were expended ; a detailed report was re ceived from each battery. Only three guns Avere rendered unserviceable, and these by the fire of the fleet disabling the carriages. On 25 December six hundred shots Avere ex pended, exclusive of grape and canister. Detailed reports Avere made. Five guns were disabled by the fire of the fleet, making eight in all. Besides, two 7-inch Brooke rifled guns exploded, leaving thirty-four heavy guns on Christmas night. The last guns on the 24th and 25th Avere fired by Fort Fisher on the retiring fleet. In the first fight the total casualties were 61, as folloAvs : December 24th, mortally Avounded, 1 ; seriously Avounded, 3 ; slightly, 19 — 23. December 25th, killed, 3 ; mortally Avounded, 2 ; severely, 7 ; slightly, 26. These included those Avounded by the explosion of the Brooke rifled guns— 38." Colonel Lamb, Avriting, December, 1888, says: "There Avere never in Fort Fisher, including sick, killed, The Defence of Fort Fisher. 237 and Avounded, over 1,900 men. The sailors and marines, etc., captured from Battery Buchanan, and those captured in front of the Avork, while SAvelling the list of prisoners, cannot rightly be counted among the defenders of the work. Kb neAv defense was added to the face of the fort between the bat tles. The redoubt in front of the sally-port Avas there in December and had been used against Butler's skirmish line." Colonel Lamb, Avriting to the editor on the subject of the numbers defending the northeast salient, says : "Five hundred effective men Avill cover all engaged in re pulsing the naval column, and the destructive fire Avas from the three hundred, Avho, from the top of the ramparts and traverses, fired upon the assailants. The gallant navy need not exaggerate the number opposing them, assisted by the artillery. Xo apology or defense is necessary to excuse the repulse. The unorganized and improperly armed force failed to enter the fort, but their gallant attempt enabled the army to enter and obtain a foothold, Avhich they otherAvise could not have done." THE OPPOSING FORCES AT FORT FISHER, N. C, JANUARY 13-15, 1865. THE UmOH ARHT. Major-General Alfred H. Terrt — Commanding. Second Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps — Brig adier-General Adelbert Ames. First Brigade — Colonel X. Martin Curtis: Third Xew York, Captain James H. Reeve, Lieutenant EdAA'in A. Be- han ; One Hundred and TAvelfth XeAV York, Colonel John F. Smith; One Hundred and Seventeenth XeAV York, Lieuten ant-Colonel Franxis X. Meyer ; One Hundred and Forty-sec ond XeAV York, Lieutenant-Colonel Albert M. Barney. Second Brigade — Colonel Galusha Pennypacker, Major Oliver P. Harding: Forty-seventh XeAV York, Captain Joseph M. McDonald ; Forty-eighth XeAV York, Lieutenant- 238 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Colonel William B. Coan, Major Xere A. Elfwing; Seventy- sixth Pennsylvania, Colonel John S. Littell, Major Charles Knerr ; Xinetv-seventh Pennsylvania, Lieutenant John Wainwright; Two Hundred and Third Pennsylvania, Colo nel John W. Moore, Lieutenant-Colonel Jonas W. Lyman, Major Oliver P. Harding, Captain Heber B. Essington. Third Brigade — Colonel Louis Bell, Colonel Alonzo Al- den : Thirteenth Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel M. Zent ; Fourth XeAv Hampshire, John H. Roberts ; One Hun dred and Fifteenth New York, Lieutenant-Colonel Xathan J. Johnson; One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Xew York, Col onel Alonzo Alden, Lieutenant-Colonel James A. Cofvin. Second Brigade, First Division — (temporarily attached to Second Division), Colonel Joseph C. Abbott: Sixth Con necticut, Colonel Alfred P. Rockwell : SeArenth Connecticut, Captain John Thompson, Captain William S. Marable; Third Xew Hampshire, Captain William H. Trickey ; Sev enth XeAv Hampshire, Lieutenant-Colonel Augustus AAT. Rol lins ; Sixteenth XeAv York Heavy Artillery (detachment), Lieutenant F. F. Huntington. Third Division, Twenty-fifth Ar^iy Corps (colored troops) — Brigadier-General Charles J. Paine. Second Brigade — Colonel John W. Ames: Fourth United States, Lieutenant-Colonel George Rogers ; Sixth United States, Major A. S. Boernstein; Thirtieth United States, Lieutenant-Colonel H. A. Oakman ; Thirty-ninth United States, Colonel 0. P. Stearns. Third Brigade — Colonel Elias AATright : First United States, Lieutenant-Colonel Giles H. Rich ; Fifth United States, Major AYilliam R. Brazie ; Tenth United States, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward H. PoAvell; TAventy-seventh United States. Colonel A. M. Blackman ; Thirty-seventh United States, Colonel Xathan Goff, Jr. Artillery — B, G, and L, First Connecticut Heavy, Cap tain AVilliam G. Pride; Sixteenth XeAV York Battery, Cap tain Richard IT. Lee ; E, Third United States, Lieutenant John R. My rick. Engineers — A, and I, Fifteenth XeAv York, Lieutenant K. S. O'Keefe. The Defence of Fort Fisher. 239 The effectiAre strength of the force above enumerated was nearly 8,000. The loss aggregated 184 killed, 749 Avounded, and 22 missing — 955. By the explosion of a magazine the day after the capture there were 25 killed, 66 Avounded, and 13 missing. THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. General Braxton Bragg — Department Commander. Major-General AAr. H. C. AAth:ting — District Com mander. Defences, Mouth of Cape Fear River — Brigadier- General Louis Hebert. PORT FISHER. There Avere in Fort Fisher on 13, 14 and 15 January, 1865, these include all present during that time, sick, killed and wounded. William Lamb, of ATire,inia, Colonel Commanding. Major James M. Stevenson, of Thirty-sixth North Car olina Regiment (too ill for duty). Major James Reilly, of Tenth Xorth Carolina Regi ment. Captain George D. Parker, Adjutant, on special duty. Lieutenant John N. Kelly, Company B, Thirty-sixth Xorth Carolina Regiment, Acting Adjutant. Lieutenant Charles H. Blocker, Aide to Colonel Com manding.Thirty-sixth North Carolina Regiment, Captain R. J. Murphy, Company A, 75 ; Captain Dan Munn, Company B, 90 ; Captain K. J. Braddy, Company C, 71 ; Captain E. B. Dudley, Company D, 70 ; Captain O. H. Powell, Company E, 75 ; Lieutenant E. L. Hunter, Acting Captain Company F, 100 ; Captain Wm. SAvaine, Company G, 75 ; Captain Daniel Pat terson, Company H, 75 ; Captain J. F. Melvin, Com pany I, 90 ; Captain Wm. F. Brooks, Company K, 75; total 796 240 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Fortieth Xorth Carolina Regiment (four companies), Captain Jas. L. Lane, Company D, 91 ; Captain M. H. McBryde, Company E, 90 ; Captain Geo. C. Buchan, Company G, 90 ; Captain D. J. Clarke, Company K, 65 ; total 336 Tenth Xorth Carolina Regiment (two companies), Cap tain E. D. AATalsh, Company F, 55 ; Captain AVm. ShaAv, Company K, 65 ; total 120 First Xorth Carolina Battalion, Captain Jas. L. McCor- mick, Company D ; total 80 Third Xorth Carolina Battalion, Captain Jno. M. Sut ton, Company C 45 Thirteenth Xorth Carolina Battalion, Captain Z. T. Adams, Company D 60 Xaval Detachment, sailors and marines, Captain A. C. A'anbenthusen 60 TAventy-first South Carolina Regiment, Captain Dubose, and TAventy-fifth South Carolina Regiment, Captain Carson, of Hagood's Bridge; total 350 Surgeons, Spiers AAT. Singleton ; Assistant Surgeon, Poav- hatan Bledsoe, Avith band as ambulance corps, includ ing all field and staff officers and volunteers, officers, cooks and other detailed men, not OA'er 53 Grand total 1,900 Major-General AA niting, Major James H. Hill, Assistant Adjutant-General, Avith others on Whiting's staff, Avere in the fort as A'olunteers. General Braxton Bragg in his official report, made from Headquarters, Department of Xorth Carolina, Wilmington, X. C, 20 January, 1865. gives the garrison 1,800 men; to Avhich he says he added 500, making 2,300. In same report he says: "Fort Fisher had 110 commis sioned officers and 2,400 or 2,500 men." There had 1,550 officers and men reported in Fort Fisher up to 15 January, 1865. Hagood's Brigade, 1,000 strong, Avas sent by Bragg on that day, but only 350 landed and re ported ; this made 1,900. Had all landed, Bragg Avould have been about correct. The Defence of Fort Fisher. 241 General Bragg's reports of Fort Fisher, its garrison and their defence are grossly inaccurate. Battery Buchanan — Captain R. F. Chapman, C. S. N. Hoke's Division, Major-General Robert F. Hoke. Clingman s Brigade — Eighth North Carolina, Thirty-first North Carolina, Fifty-first Xorth Carolina, Sixty-first North Carolina. Colquitt's Brigade — Brigadier-General A. H. Colquitt: Sixth Georgia, Colonel T. J. Lofton; Nineteenth Georgia, Twenty-third Georgia, TAventy-seventh Georgia, Twenty- eighth Georgia. Hagood's Brigade — Eleventh South Carolina, TAventy- first South Carolina, Twenty-fifth South Carolina, TAventy- seventh South Carolina, Seventh South Carolina Battalion. Kirkland' s Brigade — Seventeenth North Carolina, Forty- second North Carolina, Sixty-sixth North Carolina.* Cavalry — Second South Carolina, Colonel T. J. Lipscomb. According to General Bragg's official report the garrison of Fort Fisher (including reinforcements from the adjacent forts) numbered 1,800, and the movable force under Gen eral Hoke, including reserves and cavalry, Avas about 6,000. In regard to the losses, the same authoritity says: "After the enemy entered the fort our loss is represented to have been about 500 killed and wounded." General Terry reported the capture of 112 officers and 1,971 men, but this Avas incorrect or possibly included pris oners from other commands. After the Avar Colonel Lamb tried to ascertain the number of prisoners sent north from Fort Fisher, but found no data and the numbers of prisoners were generally estimated except in an exchange. All present in Fort Fisher 13-15 January, including sick, killed and wounded, numbered 1,900. NORTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON. Rear Admiral David D. Porter, Commanding. Lieutenant-Commander K. R. Breese, Fleet Captain. Lieutenant M. W. Sanders, Signal Officer. Note —The Fiftieth North Carolina of this brigade was absent in South Carolina.— Ed. 16 242 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Lieutenant S. W. Terry and Lieutenant S. W. Pres ton, (killed), Aides. First Division, Commodore Henry K. Thatcher. Second Division, Commodore Joseph Lanman. Third Division, Commodore, Jas. Findlay Schenck. Fourth Division, Commodore S. W. Godon. Iron-clad Division, Commodore Wm. Radford. Flag-ship — Malvern, Lieutenant AVilliam B. Cushing {first attack) ; Lieutenant B. H. Porter (killed), (second at tack). Iron-clads — Canonicus, Lieutenant-Commander George E. Belknap. Mahopac, Lieutenant-Commander E. E. Pot ter (first attack) ; Lieutenant-Commander A. W. Weaver (second attack). Monadnoch, Commander E. G. Parrott. New Ironsides , Commodore William Radford. Saugus, Commander E. R. Colhoun. Screav Frigates — Colorado, Commodore H. K. Thatcher. Minnesota, Commodore Joseph Lanman. Wabash, Captain M. Smith. Side-wheel Steamers (first class) — Powhatan, Commo dore J. F. Schenck. Susquehanna, Commodore S. W. Godon. Screav Sloops — Brooklyn, Captain James Alden. Juni ata, Captain AAr. R. Taylor (first attack) ; Lieutenant-Com mander T. S. Phelps (second -attack). Mohican, Com mander D. Ammen. Shenandoah, Captain D. B. Ridgely. Ticonderoga, Captain C. Steedman. Tuscarora, Commander J. M. Frailey. Screw Gun-vessels — Kansas, Lieutenant-Commander P. G. AA^atmough. Maumee, Lien tenant-Commander R. Chan dler. Nyack, Lieutenant-Commander L. H. Newman. Pe- quot, Lieutenant-Commander D. L. Braine. Yantic, Lieu tenant-Commander T. C. Harris. Screw Gun-boats — Chippeia, Lieutenant-Commander A. W. Weaver (first attack) ; Lieutenant-Commander E. E. Potter (second attack.) Huron, Lieutenant-Commander T. O. Selfridge. Seneca, Lieutenant-Commander M. Sicard. Unadilla, Lieutenant-Commander F. M. Ramsay. Double-enders — Iosco, Commander John Guest. Mack inaw, Commander J. C. Beaumont. Maratanza, Lieutenant- The Defence of Fort Fisher. 243 Commander G. W. Young. Osceola, Commander J. M. B. Clitz. Paivtuxet, Commander J. H. Spotts. Pontoosuc, Lieutenant-Commander Wm. G. Temple. Sassacus, Lieu tenant-Commander J. L. Davis. Tacony, Lieutenant-Com mander W. T. Truxtun. Miscellaneous A^essels — Fort Jackson, Captain B. F. Sands. Monticello, Acting Vice-Lieutenant D. A. Camp bell (first attack) ; Lieutenant W. B. Cushing (second at tack). Nereus, Commander J. C. Howell. Quaker City, Commander W. F. Spicer. Rhode Island, Commander S. D. Trenchard. Santiago de Cuba, Captain -0. S. Glisson. Vanderbilt, Captain, C. W. Pickering. Powder Atessel — Louisiana, Commander A. C. Rhind (first attack; bloAvn up). Resera'e — A. D. Vance, Lieutenant-Commander J. H. Upshur. Alabama, Acting Vice-Lieutenant Frank Smith (first attack) ; Acting A7ice-Lieutenant A. R. Langthorne (second attack). Britannia, Acting Vice-Lieutenant Sam uel Huse (first attack) ; Acting ATice-Lieutenant W. A. Shel don (second attack). Cherokee, Acting A^ice-Lieutenant W. E. Denison. Emma, Acting Vice-Lieutenant T. C. Dunn (first attack) ; Acting Arice-Lieutenant J. M. Williams (sec ond attack). Gettysburg, Lieutenant-Commander R. H. Lamson (Avounded). Governor Buckingham, Acting Vice- Lieutenant J. McDiarmid. Hoicquah, Acting Vice-Lieuten ant J. W. Balch. Keystone State, Commander H. Rolando. Lilian, Acting Vice-Lieutenant T. A. Harris. Little Ada, Acting Master S. P. Crafts. Moccasin, Acting Ensign Jas. BroAvn. Nansemond, Acting Master J. H. .Porter. Tris tram Shandy, Acting Ensign Ben. Wood (first attack) ; Act ing Vice-Lieutenant F. M. Green (second attack). Wilder ness, Acting Master H. Arey. At the second attack the fleet was composed of the same ves sels, Avith the exception of the Nyack, Keystone State, and Quaker City. The foUoAving additions Avere also made to the fleet: Montgomery, Acting Vice-Lieutenant T. C. Dunn; R. R. Cuyler, Commander C. H. B. CaldAvell; Aries, Acting Vice-Lieutenant F. S. Wells; Eolus, Acting Master E. S. 244 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Keyser; Fort Donelson, Acting Master G. W. Frost; and Re public, Acting Ensign J. W. Bennett. armament of the fleet. In the first attack the armament of the fleet Avas 10 15-inch S. B., 27 11-inch S. B., 1 10-inch S. B., 255 9-inch S. B., 30 8-inch S. B., 31 32-pounders S. B., 10 150-pounders R., 37 100-pounders R., 5 60-pounders R., 1 50-pounder R., 43 30- pounders R., 28 20-pounders R. ; total guns, 478. Howitz ers: 6S 24-pounders, 73 12-pounders ; total hoAvitzers, 141; grand total, 619. In the second attack there were 1 more 10-inch S. B., 2 fewer 9-inch S. B., 2 more 8-inch S. B., 8 more 32-pounders S. B., 8 fewer 100-pounders R., 1 fewer 50-pounder R., 5 more 30-pounders R., 1 fewer 20-pounder R., 4 more 12- pounder howitzers ; making 4 more guns and 4 more howitz ers ; grand total, 627. Landing Party at Fort' Fisher, 15 January, 1865 : 2,261 Officers, Seamen, and Marines — Lieutenant-Com mander K. R. Breese, Fleet Captain, commanding. First Division, Captain L. L. Dawson, U. S. M. C. Second Division, Lieutenant-Commander C. H. Cushman (wounded). Third Division, Lieutenant-Commander James Parker. Fourth Division, Lieutenant-Commander T. 0. Sel- fridge. Pioneers, Lieutenant S. W. Preston (killed). — Malvern, 60 men, Lieutenant B. H. Porter (killed). Colorado, 218 men, Lieutenant H. B. Robeson. Minnesota, 241 men, Lieu tenant-Commander James Parker. Wabash, 188 men, Lieu tenant-Commander C. H. Cushman (Avounded). Powhatan, 100 men, Lieutenant George M. Bache grounded). Sus quehanna, 75 men, Lieutenant-Commander F. B. Blake. Brooklyn, 70 men (estimated), Acting Ensign D. Cassell; Juniata, 69 men, Acting Master C. H. Hamilton (Avounded). Mohican, 52 men, Acting Master W. Burdett. Shenandoah, 71 men, Lieutenant S. W. Nichols. Ticonderoga, 60 men, Ensign G. W. Coffin (wounded). Tuscarora, 60 men, Lieu tenant-Commander W. X. Allen (Avounded). Kansas, 20 The Defence of Fort Fisher. 245 men, Acting Ensign Williams. Pequot, 44 men, Acting En sign G. Lamb. Y antic, 45 men, Acting Ensign J. C. Lord. Chippewa, 24 men, Acting Ensign G. H. Wood. Huron, 34 men, Lieutenant-Commander T. 0. Self ridge. Seneca, 29 men, Lieutenant-Commander M. Sicard. Iosco, 44 men, Acting Ensign W. Jameson. Mackinaw, 45 men, Acting Master A. J. Louch (Avounded). Maratanza, 51 men, Act ing Master J. B. Wood (wounded). Osceola, 39 men, Act ing Ensign J. F. Merry (wounded). Pawtuxet, 40 men, (estimated), Acting Ensign J. A. Slamm. Pontoosuc, 42 men, Acting Ensign L. R. Chester (wounded.) Sassacus, 37 men, Acting Ensign W. H. Mayer. Tacony, 32 men, Acting Ensign J. B. Taney. Fort Jackson, 69 men, Lieu tenant S. H. Hunt. Monticello, 41 men, Lieutenant W. B. dishing. Nereus, 61 men, Acting Ensign E. G. Dayton. Rhode Island, 47 men, Lieutenant F. R. Smith. Santiago de Cuba, 53 men, Lieutenant N. H. Farquhar. Vanderbilt, 70 men (estimated), Acting Vice-Lieutenant J. D. Danels. Gettysburg, 71 men, Lieutenant R. H. Lamson (wounded). Tristram Shandy, 22 men, Acting Ensign B. Wood wounded. Montgomery, 37 men, Acting Master W. N. Wells. Total 2,261 men. Casualties — The reports of casualties in the first attack, as collated by the Surgeon-General, give the following result : 19 killed, 1 mortally scalded, 31 severely wounded, 1 severely scalded, 31 slightly Avounded or scalded. Total, 83. Casualties in the Second Attack — Malvern, 3 killed, 1 Avounded ; Canonicus, 3 Avounded ; Saugus, 1 wounded ; Colorado, 4 killed, 17 wounded, 8 missing: Minnesota, 15 killed, 26 wounded, 2 missing; Wabash, 4 killed, 22 Avounded, 5 missing ; Powhatan, 4 killed, 17 wounded, 8 missing ; Sus quehanna, 3 killed, 15 Avounded ; Brooklyn, 3 wounded, 2 missing; Juniata, 5 killed, 10 wounded; Mohican,! killed, 11 wounded; Shenandoah, 6 wounded, 5 missing; Ticonderoga, 2 killed, 2 wounded ; Tuscarora, 4 killed, 12 wounded ; Kansas, 1 wounded; Pequot, 3 killed, 5 wounded; Y antic, 2 killed, 1 wounded ; Chippewa, 4 killed 4 Avounded ; Huron, 5 wounded ; Seneca, 5 wounded ; Iosco, 2 killed, 12 wounded ; Mackinaw, 2 wounded, 2 missing; Maratanza, 3 wounded; 246 North Carolina Troops. 1861-65. Osceola, 3 wounded; Pawtuxet, 2 wounded; Pontoosuc, 7 wounded; Tacomy, 4c killed, 11 wounded; Sassacus, 3 killed, 3 wounded ; Fort Jackson, 1 killed, 10 wounded ; Monticello, 4 killed, 4 wounded; Nereus, 3 killed, 3 wounded; Rhode Island, 8 wounded, 2 missing; Santiago de Cuba, 1 killed, 9 wounded; Vanderbilt, 2 killed, 13 wounded; Gettysburg, 6 killed, 6 wounded; Tristram Shandy, 2 wounded, 1 miss ing; Montgomery, 2 killed, 4 wounded. Total, killed 82; wounded, 269; missing, 35; grand total, 386. William Lamb. Norfolk, Va., 15 January, 1901. SURRENDER AT APPOJWTOX. By MAJOR-GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. On the night of Saturday, 1 April, 1865, my division oc cupied a portion of the defences around the city of Peters burg, my left resting on Otey's Battery, near the memorable Crater, my right extending to the dam on a creek beyond Battery 45. Ramseur's old Brigade of North Carolinians, commanded by Colonel W. R. Cox (holding appointment as temporary Brigadier), was on the right; Archer's Brigade of Virginia Junior Reserves, and Grimes' old brigade of North Carolinians, commanded by Colonel D. G. Cowand, of the Thirty-second Xorth Carolina; Battle's Brigade of Alabamians, commanded by Colonel Hobson, of the Fifth Alabama ; Cook's Brigade of Georgians, commanded by Colo nel Nash, extended to the left in the order above named, num bering for duty about tAvo thousand tAvo hundred muskets, covering at least three and a half miles of the trenches around Petersburg. One-third of my men were constantly on picket duty in our front, one-third kept aAvake at the breastworks during the night, with one-third only off duty at a time, and they Avere required always to sleep with their accoutrements on and upon their arms, ready to repel 'an attack at a mo ment's warning. About 10 o'clock on the night of 1 April, 1865, the can nonading from the artillery and mortars in my front became unusually severe, and about 11 o'clock the Federals charged, capturing my picket line, which consisted of pits dug in the Note. — General Grimes entered the army in 1861 as Major of the Fourth Regiment N C. T He filled eA'ery grade up to Major-General and literally fought his way up. He was the highest officer from this State at Appomattox, being the only Major-General we had in that army at that time. There was no braver man in the whole army. Having gone through countless battles, this gallant soldier lived to be slain by an assassin while riding along the road near his own home, 14 Aug. 1880. The culprit was arrested and though his guilt was clear he was acquitted by a miscarriage of justice which shocked the whole State. But return ing to the scene of the murder the assassin having rashly bo'asted of his crime, was promptly hung by outraged neighbors.— En. 248 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. earth for protection from sharpshooters, and occupied by my soldiers, varying in distance from one hundred and fifty to three hundred yards in front of our main breastworks. I took measures immediately to re-establish this line, which was successfully accomplished, and our pits re-occupied, About daylight of the 2d the enemy again drove in our pick ets and charged Rune's salient at the point where Battle's Brigade Avas posted, carrying the works for a few hundred yards on each side of that point, doubling and throwing Cook's Brigade back a short distance. I hurried the com mands of Colonels CoAvand and Archer to the point of attack as rapidly as possible, charging the enemy, A\dio were in pos session of and protected by our traverses and bomb-proofs (Avhich Avere erected to prevent our line being enfiladed, and also as a place of refuge from their perpendicular mortar fire), and continued gradually to gain traverse after traverse of our captured works. I then secured four pieces of artillery, Avhich were placed in our second line of Avorks, and were invaluable in checking the advance of the enemy, thus confining them by grape and canister to this particular point at the salient, preventing their advancing to attack our lines in flank or rear ; Cook and Battle holding them in check on the left, and CoAvand and Archer on the right of the captured works, their only point of egress being exposed to the fire of the artillery. I regret my inability to recall the names and thus give hon orable mention to those gallant artillerists Avho rendered me such effectiA-e service. During the forenoon a brigade, under command of Colo nel , reported to me for duty, and Avas placed near the artillery in this second line of earth Avorks (Avhich had been constructed to fall back upon in case of disaster to our first line). My dispositions Avere soon made to attack the enemy simultaneously at all points — CoAvand and Archer on the ritrht. Cook and Battle on the left, aa-1io Avere to driA'e them from the protection of their traverses. Colonel commanded in front with a heaA-y line of skirmishers, con necting his left Avith Cook and his right Avith CoAvand. My four pieces of artillery poured grape and canister into the Surrender at Appomattox. 249 enemy, and I gave the signal for the infantry to advance, when a general charge was made, but through a direct viola tion of orders on the part of Colonel , this attack only partially succeeded, capturing that portion of the line alone upon Avhich the skirmishers advanced, Colonel having changed the direction of attack, and charged the point assigned to the skirmishers on the right, thereby leaving a space of three hundred yards unassailed. There is no doubt in my mind that if Colonel had attacked Avith vigor at that time, Ave could have driven the enemy entirely from our works. After the lapse of an hour, during which time the enemy Avere heavily reinforced, I ordered another attack from the second line in which Colonel participa ted, but by again diverting the brigade in the direction of CoAvand's Brigade, instead of towards the salient, the enemy Avere dislodged from only a small portion of the lines. Subsequently sixty men of Johnston's Xorth Carolina Bri gade, under command of Captain Plato Durham, recaptured Fort Mahone, Avhich for an hour had been so covered by our fire as to forbid its occupants showing themselves. In taking this fort a large number of prisoners Avere captured ; so man}', in fact, that when I first saw them skulking behind the earth Avorks for protection against the fire of their OAvn men, I feared it was a ruse on the part of the enemy to surprise us. They had secreted themselves for safety in this Avork, and Ave, in our charge, had taken the only outlet. After this no general attack Avas made, though we contin ued sloAvly but gradually to drive them from traverse to traverse. About nightfall the enemy occupied some two hundred yards of our breastAvorks. Through no inefficiency or neg ligence on the part of the officers and men Avere the works carried, but OAving to the Aveakness of the line, its extreme length, and the Avant of sufficient force to defend it, for they acted most heroically on this trying occasion. Only one un- Avounded man (an officer) did I see seeking the rear, and he one Avhom I had the previous day ordered under arrest for trafficking with the enemy (exchanging tobacco for coffee). Him I hailed and inquired Avhere he Avas going, when he re- 250 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. called his arrest of the previous day, from which I immedi ately released him, and sent him back to his command. I had a verbal conference Avith General Lee and after- Avards officially reported my inability to hold this point against any vigorous attack. In consequence of this report, Lieutenant-Colonel Peyton, the Army Inspector, was sent to examine this line, and he coincided with my views and so re ported to General Lee. On an average throughout, the space from man to man Avas at least eight feet in the line of trenches. I doubted not that Avith a reserve of five hundred men I could have driven the enemy from any point which they might capture, and repeatedly urged that such an ar rangement be made, knowing Avell that the enemy, by con centrating a large force on any given point, could press their way through the line, and my only salvation Avas in having the means at hand to drive them back before large numbers could enter. Our left Avas the post of greatest danger. There should the reserve have been placed; but General Lee in formed me that every aArailable man Avas on duty, and I must do the best I could. On Sunday night of the 2d Ave had orders to abandon the Avorks, and Avithout the knoAvledge of the Federals, Ave AvithdreAV to the north side of the Appomattox river, follow ing the Hickory Road to Goode's bridge, Avhen we recrossed the Appomattox, proceeding toAvards Amelia Court House, AA'hich Ave reached on the morning of the 5th. Wednesday we remained stationary in line of battle, confronting the en emy until about dark, Avhen Ave folloAved the army, taking up the rear, being very much impeded on the inarch by the Avagon train and its most miserable management, which, as I apprehended, Avould cause us some disaster. The enemy shoAved themsehres on Thursday, about 8 o'clock, a. m., in our rear and on our left flank, AA'hen near Amelia Springs, and in a short time began to press us vigorously. I then formed Cox's and CoAvand's Brigades in line of bat tle, Avith a heaA^y skirmish line in front to impede their pro gress, and to cover our rear, sending Battle's, Cook's and Archer's Brigades fonvard for one-half mile to form there, across the road, in line of battle in order to allow CoAvand Surrender at Appomattox. 251 and Cox to retreat safely when the enemy had deployed and prepared to attack ; our right flank being protected by a North Carolina brigade of cavalry under General Roberts. In this manner alternating the brigades throughout the day, we con tinued to oppose the enemy and retreat, endeavoring to pro tect the lagging Avagon train, which was successfully done up to about 4 p. m., when we approached Sailor's Creek, and upon the ridge running parallel with that stream we made the final stand of the day, the wagons becoming blocked up at the bridge crossing the stream. At this point General Lee ordered me if possible to hold this line until he could have artillery put in position on the opposite hills over the creek parallel with those I occupied. The enemy pushed on rapidly, attacking us with very great pertinacity. We here repeatedly repulsed their as saults, but by turning both of our flanks they succeeded in not only dislodging, but driving us across the creek in confu sion. About uoav the artillery from the heights occupied by General Lee opened upon the enemy, and the sun being down they did not cross the creek. After Ave broke, personally I Avas so pressed, the space betAveen the two wings of the enemy being not over tAvo hundred yards, that I sought safety in re treat. I galloped to the creek (the bridge being in their possession) Avhere the banks were very precipitous, and for protection from their murderous fire, concluded to jump my horse in, riding him through the water, and effect my escape by abandoning him on the other side, the bullets of the enemy whistled around me like hail all the Avhile. By great good fortune, the opposite banks proved not so precipitous, and my horse, seeming to appreciate the situation, clambered up the height, and started off in a run, thus securing my safety. This same animal, Warren, I still own and treasure for his past services. That night Ave took the road for Farmville, crossing the Appomattox at High Bridge, posting guards on the south side, thus collecting all stragglers and returning them to their commands. The next morning (Friday) Ave continued our march down the railroad and formed line of battle on the Lynchburg road, still endeavoring to preserve that impedimenta of Ctesar's — 252 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the wagon train — marching by the left flank through the woods parallel to the road traveled by the wagon train, and about one hundred or so yards distant from the road. Upon reaching the road and point that turns towards Lynchburg from the Cumberland road,, three of my brigades, Cook's, Cox's and CoAvand's, had crossed the Cumberland road and Avere in line of battle, and at right angles with Battle's and Archer's Brigades, Avho Avere still parallel with the Cumber land road. Heavy firing Avas going on' at this point, when General Mahone came rushing up and reported that the en emy had charged, turning his flank, and driving his men from their guns and the works which he had erected early in the day for the protection of these cross roads. I then ordered my three brigades, Cook's, Cox's and Cowand's (to move) at a double-quick on the line Avith Battle and Archer, and charging the enemy, Ave drove them Avell off from Ma hone's works, recapturing the artillery taken by them and capturing a large number of prisoners. I held this position until sent for by General Lee, Avho complimented the troops of the diAdsion upon the charge made and the service ren dered, ordering me to leave a skirmish line in my front, and stating that Field's Division Avould occupy my position; I Avas to hurry Avith all possible dispatch to the road which intersected the Lynchburg road, as the enemy's cavalry were reported to be approaching by that road. We reached this road, halting and keeping the enemy in check until the wagons had passed, and then continued the march parallel Avith the road traveled by the Avagon train, continuing thus to inarch until night, Avhen Ave took the road foUoAving to protect the trains. On Saturday, the 8th, no enemy appeared, and we marched undisturbed all day. Up to this time, since the evacuation of Petersburg, Ave had marched day and night, continually fol- loAved and harassed by the enemy. The men Avere very much jaded and suffering for necessary sustenance, our halts not having been sufficiently long to prepare their food, besides all our cooking utensils not captured or abandoned Avere Avhere Ave could not reach them. This day Bushrod Johnson's Di vision Avas assigned to and placed under my command, by Surrender at Appomattox. 253 order of General Lee. Upon passing a clear stream of water and learning that the other division of the corps had gone into camp some tAvo miles ahead, I concluded to halt and give my broken doAvn men an opportunity to close up and rejoin us, and sent a message to Major-General John B. Gordon, commanding the Corps, making known my Avhereabouts, in forming him I would be at any point he might designate at any hour desired. By dark my men were all quiet and asleep. About 9 o'clock I heard the roar of artillery in our front and in con sequence of information received, I had my command aroused in time and passed through the town of Appomattox Court House before daylight, Avhere, upon the opposite side of the town, I found the enemy in my front. Throwing out my skirmishers and forming line of battle, I reconnoitred and satisfied myself as to their position, and aAvaited the arrival of General Gordon for instructions Avho, a while before day, accompanied by General Fitz Lee, came to my position, Avhen Ave held a council of Avar. General Gordon was of the opin ion that the troops in our front were cavalry, and that Gen eral Fitz Lee should attack. Fitz Lee thought they were infantry and that General Gordon should attack. They dis cussed the matter so long that I became impatient, and said it Avas somebody's duty to attack, and that immediately, and I felt satisfied that they could be driven from the cross roads occupied by them, which Avas the route it was desirable that our Avagon train should pursue, and that I Avould undertake it; Avhereupon Gordon said, "Well, drive them off." I replied, "I cannot do it Avith my division alone, but require assist ance." He then said, "You can take the two other divisions of the Corps." By this time it was becoming sufficiently light to make the surrounding localities visible. I then rode doAvn and invited General Walker, Avho commanded a divis ion on my left, composed principally of Virginians, to ride with me, shoAving him the position of the enemy and explain ing to him my views and plan of attack. He agreed with me as to its advisability. I did this because I felt that I had assumed a very great responsibility when I took upon myself the charge of making the attack. I then made dispo- 254 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. sitions to dislodge the Federals from their position, placing Bushrod Johnson's Division upon my right, with instruc tions to attack and take the enemy in the flank, while my division skirmishers charged in front, where temporary earthworks had been throAvn up by the enemy, their cavalry holding the crossings of the road with a battery. I soon per ceived a disposition on their part to attack this division in flank. I rode back and threAv our right so as to take advant age of some ditches and fences to obstruct the cavalry if they should attempt to make a charge. In the meantime the cav alry of Fitz Lee Avere proceeding by a circuitous route to get in rear of them at these cross roads. The enemy observing me placing these troops in position, fired upon me with four pieces of artillery. I remember Avell the appearance of the shell, and how directly they came toAvards me, exploding and completely enveloping me in smoke. I then gave the sig nal to advance, at the same time Fitz Lee. charged those posted at the cross roads, when my skirmishers attacked the breastworks, which Avere taken without much loss on my part, also capturing several pieces of artillery and a large number of prisoners, I at the same time moving the division up to the support of the skirmishers in echelon by brigades, driving the enemy in confusion for three-quarters of a mile beyond the range of hills covered with oak undergroAvth. I then learned from the prisoners that my right flank Avas threat ened. Halting my troops I placed the skirmishers, com manded by Colonel J. R. Winston, Forty-fifth Xorth Caro lina Troops, in front, about one hundred yards distant, to give notice of indication of attack. I placed Cox's Brigade, Avhich occupied the right of the division at right angles to the other troops, to Avatch that flank. The other divisions of the Corps (Walker's and Evans') were on the left. I then sent an officer to General Gordon, announcing our success, and that the Lynchburg road Avas open for the escape of the wagons, and that I aAvaited orders. Thereupon I received an order to AvithdraAv, which I declined to do, supposing that General Gordon did not understand the commanding posi tion Avhich my troops occupied. He continued to send me order after order to the same effect, Avhich I still disregarded, Surrender at Appomattox. 255 being under the impression that he did not comprehend our favorable location, until finally, I received a message from him, Avith an additional one, as coining from General Lee, to fall back. I felt the difficulty of AvithdraAving Avithout disas ter and ordered Colonel J. R. Winston, commanding the skirmish line AAdiich had been posted in my front on first reaching these hills, to conform his movements to those of the division, and to move by the left flank so as to give notice of an attack from that quarter. I then ordered Cox to main tain his position in line of battle, and not to show himself until our rear Avas one hundred yards distant, and then to fall back in line of battle, so as to protect our rear and right fiank from assault. I then instructed Major Peyton, of my staff, to start the left in motion, and I continued Avith the rear. The enemy upon seeing us move off, rushed out from un der cover with a cheer, when Cox's Brigade, lying concealed at the broAV of the hill, rose and fired a volley into them Avhich drove them back into the Avoods, the brigade then fol lowing their retreating comrades in line of battle unmolested. After proceeding about half the distance to the position oc cupied by us in the morning, a dense mass of the enemy in column (infantry), appeared on our right, and advanced, without firing, toAvards the earthworks captured by us in the early morning, Avhen a battery of our artillery opened with grape and canister and drove them under the shelter of the Avoods. As my troops approached their position of the morning, I rode up to General Gordon and asked where I should form line of battle. He replied, "AnyAvhere you choose." Struck by the strangeness of the reply, I asked an explanation, where upon he informed me that we Avould be surrendered. I then expressed very forcibly my dissent to being surrendered, and indignantly upbraided him for not giving me notice of such intention, as I could have escaped with my division and joined General Joe Johnston, then in Xorth Carolina. Fur thermore, that I should then inform my men of the purpose to surrender, and that Avhoever desired to escape that calam ity could go Avith me, and galloped off to carry this idea into effect. Before reaching my troops, however, General Gor- 256 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-65. don overtook me, and placing his hand upon my shoulder, asked me if I were going to desert the army and tarnish my OAvn honor as a soldier, and said that it would be a reflection upon General Lee and an indelible disgrace to me, if I, an officer of rank, should escape under a flag of truce, which Avas then pending. I Avas in a dilemma and kneAv not what to do ; but finally concluded to say nothing on the subject to my troops. Upon reaching them, one of the soldiers asked if General Lee had surrendered, and upon my ansAvering that I feared it was a fact that Ave had been surrendered, he cast away his musket and holding his hands aloft, cried in an agonized voice, "BIoav, Gabriel, blow ! My God, let him Blow ; I am ready to die !" We then Avent beyond the creek at Appo mattox Court House, stacked arms amid the bitter tears of bronzed veterans, regretting the necessity of capitulation. Among the incidents ever fresh in my memory of this fatal day to the Confederacy is the remark of a private sol dier. When riding up to my old regiment to shake by the hand each comrade who had f ollowed me through four years of suffering, toil, and privation often worse than death, to bid them a final, affectionate, and, in many instances, an eternal farewell, a cadaverous, ragged, barefooted man grasped me by the hand, and choking Avith sobs said, "Good bye, General ; God bless you ; Ave will go home, make three more crops and then try them again." I mention this in stance simply to show the spirit, the pluck and the faith of our men in the justice of our cause, and that they surren dered more to grim famine than to the proAvess of our ene mies. That day and the next the terms of surrender were ad justed ; the following day our paroles were signed and coun tersigned, and on Wednesday, 12 April, 1865, Ave stacked our arms in an old field, and each man sought his home as best he might. Bryan Grimes. Geimesland, N. C, 5 November. 1879. Note.— This is taken from a letter from General Grimes to Major John W. Moore. 1VERS0N-J0HNST0N BRIGADE. 1. Franklin J. Faison, Lt.-Col., 20th Regt. Killed at Gaines' Mills, 27 June, 1863. 2. Duncan James De A'ane, Major, 20th Regt. 3. John Franklin Ireland, Captain, Co. D, 20th Regt., A. A. G. Iverson's Brigade. Wounded and captured near Petersburg, 25 March, 1865. Oliver E. Mercer, 2d Lt., Co. G, 20th Regt. Killed at Gettysburg, 1 July, 1863. James D. Ireland, Private, Co. E, 20th Regt. Wounded at Gettysburg, 1 July, 1863. John F. Cross, IstLt,, Co. B, 5th Regt. Thomas Badger, '2d Lt., Co. I, 5th Regt. APPOMATTOX AND THE RETURN HOME. By WALTER A. MONTGOMERY, Second Lieutenant Company F, Twelfth Regiment, N. C. T. Appomattox to the historian is an event, not a place. The little village of that name in Southwestern Virginia which, on 9 April, 1865, consisted of a court house, jail, postoffice and a few scattered houses, was not an interesting spot of earth ; and only that Avhich came to pass there, on that day, has brought the hamlet to the notice of the world. Xeither Avere the physical — material — deeds done there on that day great of themselves. The event, if it could be con sidered as disconnected with its consequences and Avithout relation to the past, AATould also be of trivial moment; only a feAV thousand of ragged, starving soldiers, beaten in pitched battle, surrounded and captured after a Aveek's retreat and an ever-aggressive pursuit by a poAverful and watchful foe — that Avas all. But the captured were the remnant of the Army of Northern Virginia; the captors the Armv of the Botomac, and that, together with the consequences raised the occur rence to the plane of Avorld-history. There, Avas the death- scene of an army once formidable in numbers and so great in prestige that it added renown to its enemy who gave the mortal wound ; and its great leader, by the act of furling the battle-flags of his regiments, conferred on his antagonist his highest title to fame. That army, during its four years of existence, had never been broken in battle, though out of them all it Avent on its Avay dripping with blood. It had al ways been chivalric in its treatment of prisoners and espe cially kind to such of them as Avere sick or Avounded. It had always been scrupulous in its respect for Avomankind and most careful of the rights of private property. For three years, the flash from its musketry was a sheet of flame encir- 17 258 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. cling the borders of the Confederacy and consuming like stub ble fresh armies and fresh generals of its enemy, and twice bursting- the bounds of its territory, leaped into the heart of the enemy's country. It made immortal almost every hill and ¦dale of the Old Dominion, and electrified the civilized world with its deeds of heroism; and though Avounded nigh unto death at. Gettysburg, it afterwards, at the Wilderness, at Spottsylvania and at second Cold Harbor, against odds in calculable, performed prodigies of valor far in excess of any of its former achievements. But the time Avas at hand when it became possible for these men, 60,000 in number, poorly fed, badly shod and Avithout suitable clothing, and losing their strength eA^en in their victories, to be driven back by 140,000 upon their capital for a last stand. Through the long siege of eight months, in the trenches around Beters- burg, the survivors in seasons of extreme heat and extreme cold, suffering from a Avant of food and clothes, maintained, yet. Avithout hope, their courage and their self-respect; and they finally left their post only upon an order from their great leader, and after they had repulsed a series of desperate assaults. For a week, on their retreat Avithout rest, and hun gry, they flung defiance at their enemies and responded Avith alacrity to every order to face their pursuers until at last, at the end, they threw themselves upon their foes now blocking their way Avith a Avail of despair droAvned by the roar of ar tillery and the rattle of their rifles; and then, — "The pennon droops that led the sacred band Along the crimson field." Thenceforward the Army of Northern Virginia lived only in history. To the Southerners of that day Appomattox was the tomb of their social aspirations, the sepulchre of their political hopes ; for no people eArer made nobler sacrifices for their convictions than they did for theirs ; and no people ever loved more devotedly, or more fully believed in their cause, than ¦did the Confederates in theirs; and their grief over the result Avas proportioned to their love and their faith. With the dying aAvay of the cannon's last echoes, the idea of State sovereignty — of American interest, and Negro Appomattox and the Return Home. 259 slavery — of Avorld-Avide concern, perished together, to be succeeded, in short, by National supremacy and univer sal freedom. Then, and there, was settled, as far as opin ion can be settled by force, that question of transcendant consequence to our country, unfortunately left an open one by our Constitution makers, to-Avit. : Avhether a State can AvithdraAv of its OAvn volition from the Union. From that day, the vieAv of a consolidated National Government in con tradistinction to one strictly Federal Avith supreme allegiance to the State has groAvn in public favor until the Great Re public in very recent years has acquired possessions in the farthest quarters of the globe and seems determined, contrary to the traditions of our people and the conservatism of the past, to take an active share in shaping the destinies of the nations. But that Avhich gave the occurrence universal importance was that Avith the destruction of the military poAver of the South an idea — the belief that one man may have a right of property in another — an idea as old, in some form or other, as history itself Avas exploded. Emancipation had been pro claimed by the Fresident more than tAvo years before, but Ap pomattox made the proclamation enforceable. Brazil fol- loAved in 1872 and Russia a little later. But, I am to write more particularly of my recollections of the occurrences of that clay and of my return to my home. I Avas then 20 years old, the February before, and a Lieu tenant of Company F, TAvelfth North Carolina Regiment, R. D. Johnston's Brigade, Begram's Division, then com manded by General James A. Walker. A restless night, passed a mile away on the old Richmond and Lynchburg stage road, preceded the fateful morrow. There was present throughout its long hours a dull sense of impending catas trophe quickened by an occasional and ominous discharge of cannon and small arms to our left and front. Before the dawn Ave were up and under arms, and without Avater or food commenced, as Ave thought, the march for Lynchburg. As we entered the eastern limits of the toAvn, in column of fours, and just as the sun Avas rising, a cannon shot screamed over our heads from our immediate front, and Ave then knew 260 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. that our forebodings Avere Avell founded. The enemy during the night had succeeded in his march around our left and was upon our front. Hurrying rapidly through the town we formed line of battle a half or three-quarters of a mile beyond and on the left of the road. We Avere a part of the troops General Grimes mentioned in his article on Appomattox, as a division commanded by General Walker "composed principally of Virginians." .That division, in fact, was com posed mostly of North Carolinians, Johnston's and Lewis' Brigades (North Carolinians), and Fegram's old brigade (Virginians). The troops on the right of us AA7ere Grimes' Division. Along the Avhole Confederate line as it advanced, the firing so far as I could discern, was opened simultane ously, and Avhen the men of Johnston's Brigade were ordered back I heard thereafter no continuous firing of small arms. The advance Avas supported by a battery of five pieces in po sition on the Avestern slope of the hill, and that battery kept up its fire some minutes after the infantry had ceased to be engaged. In our advance Ave raised the usual rebel yell and the line of Federals, dismounted cavalry, Avas quickly driven from its hastily constructed breastworks of rails and brush to the main line, on the hills, consisting of infantry and ar tillery. I saAv the Avheels of the gun carriages and the men with knapsacks and guns. They Avere not plainly discerni ble because of the thick and Ioav growth of the timber along their line, although the ground over AA'hich Ave advanced Avas half meadoAv land, through Avhich ran a ditch with running water parallel to the line, the Avhole sparsely timbered, but of large groAvth. The battle Avas severer on our right and Ave understood at the time that General Cox, Avith his brigade, had the brunt of it, and that they claimed the honor of firing the last rounds. Suddenly and just as it seemed to us Ave Avere about to engage the Union infantry, the order Avas given to march "right about," and avc retired a feAV hundred yards in the direction of our first position, where Ave remained, perhaps an hour. During that time nobody seemed to knoAv anything about what Avas going on. There Avas a general idea that a truce Avas on, but no particulars. It was common talk, then, that Appomattox and the Return Home. 261 at this very stage an interview took place between General Gordon and General Custer, the latter having come into our lines, under flag, to meet the Confederate General in com mand for a conference and to prevent further bloodshed : that Custer assured Gordon that the Union cordon was complete and strong enough to destroy the Confederates if they should attempt to break through ; and that if General Gordon desired a verification of the statement he would take him on a round of inspection of the Federal lines ; that the proposition was accepted and after the inspection had been made our Second Corps Avas ordered back to places convenient for camp. The generous treatment we afterAvards received at their hands is proof that they Avere magnanimous enough to have made such a proposition. It is certain that General Custer about that hour, or little later, sought and found General Longstreet. That officer, in "From Manassas to Appomattox," says that Custer demanded of him the surrender of the Confederate Army in the name of General Sheridan ; that he was excited in his manner; that he received from him (Longstreet) a rebuke for his intrusion ; that he then became more moderate and said, "It would be a pity to have more bloodshed upon that field." It seems that up to that time the tAvo commanders had not yet met, and that Longstreet Avas preparing for battle after Gordon had Avithdrawn his corps from the front. I remem ber Avhile Ave Avere standing awaiting orders, Sergeant White- ner, of Company A, said to me that the Army of Northern Virginia was about to be surrendered. I answered: "But we will have no difficulty in clearing the Avay; we have already shown that Ave can do that." He then pointed to the right and left to columns of Union troops, infantry, remark ing: "We only struck their caA-alry just noAv ; we can never drive their infantry off; they are too strong." Our brigade was ordered back probably a mile for camp into a small piece of poorly timbered land, Avhite and post oak, on the right of the Lynchburg road ; and the guns were stacked as usual on bivouac. The first few hours were spent in uncertainty. We could not know that the terms would be of such a nature as to be 262 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. accepted. When that suspense Avas quieted by the announce ment that the terms were satisfactory and had been accepted by General Lee, a feeling of collapse, mental and physical, succeeded for some hours. Very little was said by men or officers. They sat, or laid on the ground in reflective mood, overcome by a flood of sad recollections. FeAV were to be seen aAvay from their camps, and no life Avas there ; in fact on that day there Avere more Union troops to be seen on the road and in the fields within our line than Confederates. During the afternoon rations of bread Avere issued to us, but no meat until the next day, and then in small quantities. The animals Avere entirely Avithout long food and they could be seen about in the fields in favorable spots trying to find the first grass and Aveeds of the season. It Avas understood that it Avas a matter of difficulty for the Union commissariat to get provisions for men and horses ; and we had had very little for several days. On the next day (Monday) the men began to recover themselves. They realized, not fully, it is true, but measurably, the tremendous importance of the event, and began to take thought for the future. Of course their first thought Avas to reach their homes as soon as possible for their services Avere, in most cases, sorely needed there. Crops could be planted and cultivated by those Avhose lives had been formerly on the farms and the others, in some indefinite Avay, hoped for something to do. Then, they Avished to get through Avith the trying ordeal of the act of surrender, for, they did not knoAv Avhat the formalities might be, and in spite of their great deeds of the past, and consciences at rest on the score of duty performed to the last, they yet felt that it Avould be to them a humiliating scene. There Avas no personal bitter ness in their hearts, little or no profane language, no curses upon their enemies. Their conduct was equal to the occasion. I heard no Avord of ill-will against the National Govern ment in the future, no suggestions of guerrilla Avarf are. The universal sentiment Avas that the questions in dispute had been fought to a finish, and that Avas the end of it. Their confidence in their General Officers Avas unshaken, and for General Lee their affections and their esteem amounted to adoration. They kneAv he Avas heartbroken. In discussing Appomattox and the Return Home. 263 the incidents Avhich produced the most harmful effects upon the fortunes of the army they mentioned the death of General Jackson, and the failure to occupy the heights at Gettysburg at the conclusion of the first day's battle. They also talked freely of the injustice of the conscript law, Avith its permis sion of substitutes and twenty negro exemption, but I heard no breath of censure for theBresident who recommended those laws. On Monday two matters of diversion occurred. Gen eral Gordon had the Second Corps, Avithout arms of course, assembled in massed columns and from a central position, on horseback, delivered to them a farewell address. He spoke of their great and heroic achievements, of their privations and their sufferings, and their unselfish devotion to duty, and advised them to return to their homes to be as good citizens as they had been soldiers. He opened his speech with these words : "Soldiers of the Second Army Corps ! No mathema tician can compute the odds against which you have contend ed," and he entered into an exhortation that they maintain their principles and their courage, Avith the assurance on his part that in all future emergencies, if the contest should be re- neAved, they would find him ready to lead them again ; that "the blood of the martyrs was the seed of the church." We heard that the tenor of the address Avas not much relished at the Federal headquarters. He Avas a good soldier throughout his entire service, and if, at the Wilderness on the evening of 6 May, 1S64, Avhen he struck Sedgwick he had been in com mand of a corps, he would have rolled up Grant's right like a scroll. Pie Avas the most dashing of all the Confederates at Appomattox. Just after the speaking, or Avhile it Avas going on, a number of Federal cavalrymen, who had been riding about our camps, one of them being under the influence of strong drink, gave us some trouble. The man in his cups in spinning some yarns about his performances of the day be fore, mentioned that one of his number Avas captured by some of General Longstreet's men, and that some of the General's staff had taken from the prisoner his houseAvife (thread and needle case), when a Georgian standing by, not being famil iar Avith the name of the article alleged to have been taken — house-Avife — picked up a stone and throwing it, brought his 264 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. man to the ground. Considerable confusion ensued, and be cause of that circumstance, an order was issued from Federal headquarters that no Union soldiers would be allowed to visit the Confederate camps Avithout written permission. On that day, also, General Custer rode over to Johnston's Brigade to see his friend and classmate at West Point, John W. Lea, who was Colonel of the Fifth North Carolina Regi ment, and then in command of the brigade. They had met the day before at General Custer's quarters. General Cus ter brought Avith him an orderly with a basket of provisions and a flask of whiskey. Upon invitation of Colonel Lea, sev eral of the officers of the brigade joined General Custer and himself in the luncheon. He was of a most cheerful disposi tion and very handsome in personal appearance. He told us that the honors of the 9th were really with the Confed erates, all things considered; that he took no glory to him self Avhen he ascertained the numbers of the Confederate army. On Monday also the paroles were printed and sent around to regimental headquarters — mine is uoav before me and is dated 10 April, and signed by P. Durham, Captain Commanding Regiment. We kept no guard around the camp and had no duties of any kind to perform; nor did Ave see a Union soldier with arms in his hands until the very moment at Avhich our men, early on Wednesday morning, stacked their guns in front of the Federal Corps detailed to receive them. That was a most simple ceremony. In a line north and south, in a field, a Federal Corps was standing Avith arms at a shoulder Avait- ing to receive the Confederates and their arms. We filed, in fours, just in front of them and ten feet off came to a halt and faced to the left; the guns were then stacked and the flags laid on the stacks. The officers Avere alloAved, under the terms of the surren der, to keep their side arms. Not a word Avas spoken; we did not eA^en look into each others faces. We were inarched from the spot to the road and, without returning to camp, turned our faces toAvard the South, toward our homes — and as I looked back for the last time the Federal Corps had not moved from its tracks, nor had a gun or a flag TWELFTH REGIMENT. 4. Chas. Wm. Raney, Private, Co. B, 12th Regt. 5. Thomas D. Royster, Private, Co. D, 12th Regt. Raney, Private, Co. B, 12th 6. Richard A. Lloyd, Private, Co. B, 12th Regt. 7. Samuel J. Currin, Private, Co. B, 12th Regt. 1. J. M. B. Hunt, Captain, Co. B, 12th Regt. 2. Milton Blalock, 1st Sergt., Co. D, 12th Regt. 3. George Ha" Regt. Appomattox and the Return Home. 265 been touched, and Ave had not yet opened our lips. It soon became apparent that there was no system, or plan about the march of the troops homeward. SomehoAv or other it became understood that General Grimes AArould conduct the North Carolinians on their way; anyhow a considerable number of them Avere under his direc tions and he ordered the march toward Campbell Court House, with the intention to go from there to Danville. For two or three miles everything passed off smoothly. When, however, Ave came to a point AAdiere there Avas a divergent road leading in a more southerly direction, Private Thomas Roys- ter, from Granville County, saluted the General and said, "General, you are a good officer and you know the road to take a good many of these boys to their homes, but I live loAver down the Roanoke than Danville and it seems to me all who want to go to counties east of Granville should take this road ; anyhow I am going to try it and all Avho Avant to follow me can come on." R oyster Avas a splendid soldier, considerably over six feet tall, symmetrical in form, Avith one of the best and kindest faces I ever saw and an eye intelligent and most expressive. A considerable number folloAved him. Amongst the number T. B. Watson, Austin Allen, R. H. Gilliland, Jas. M. Bobbitt, P. A. Bobbitt, J. H. Duke, Robert C. Montgom ery, my brother, and myself. We soon formed a party, for the men as if by instinct, broke up into small squads, and we con tinued together until Ave seven reached our homes in Warren ^County. We started off with a small quantity of bread and coffee, but with no meat ; but on our Avay, Avith one exception, we met Avith kindness and consideration from the residents. ' We never saw Royster after ten minutes from the time we left the main column, for he Avith his strong body and long legs, had soon distanced us. Nor did Ave have any conversa tion Avith any other soldier on our journey except a young man whom Ave found in a barn on a bed of straAv on a plan tation, near Rough Creek Church, our first night's camping ground. At that home there Avere only a mother and daugh ter, the male members of the household being in their places in the army. At dark Ave walked up to the house and in formed them of our condition and our desire to be allowed to 266 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. use the barn for lodgings and the privilege of water from the well in the yard. They received us not only with politeness, but Avith kindness. They also added to our bread and coffee a piece of bacon and some sorghum molasses. In front of the barn Ave made a live coal fire and soon had our supper pre pared. When the meal Avas over Ave filled our pipes with "Zephyr Puff," a brand of smoking tobacco, several packages of which I had taken from a burning pile in the streets of Petersburg, the night of the evacuation, and for the time for got our troubles. About 9 o'clock Ave Avent again to the house and inquired of the tAvo householders if they would like to hear some music, and upon the response, of course, in the affirmative, Watson, Avho Avas a musician, leading with his cornet, and accompanied by the voices of the tAvo Bobbitts, my brother and myself, all of us having belonged to a glee club in the army, Ave entertained them for half an hour. On retiring to the barn and making our beds upon the straw, we stumbled upon our only acquaintance on the Avay, Avho was in a helpless condition, and aat1io could not tell us hoAV he came to be there. He only said that he could go no further and had laid doAvn there to die. He Avas exhausted from fatigue and Avant of food and upon our preparing for him something to eat and a strong pot of coffee, his strength Avas revived. We left him in fair condition. He reached his home in Warren County and is noAV a well-to-do farmer and the head of a large family. We heard of General Ransom along our route helping along the tired and foot-sore by often dismounting and placing such in his saddle, and speaking to them words of hope and cheer. We greatly wished to come up with him, and to talk with him, for Ave had great interest and pride in him; his people and ours having been for generations con nected by ties of friendship. We had Avatched his career as a soldier AAdiich had reflected honor on his State and upon the South, and especially his strikingly brilliant conduct at Five Forks, a feAV clays before. We spent the next night (Thursday) near the town of Chase City, then called Christiansburg. In passing through Charlotte Court House, on that day, Ave called at a large well- appointed home in the midst of extensive grounds, and at Appomattox and the Return Home. 267 once were asked into the family living room, the family con sisting entirely of ladies and children, and at once Avere made to feel at ease. An invitation, heartily pressed upon us, to dine we, of course, accepted. In the interval the cornet and the Alices added interest to the occasion, delighting young and old, Avho had heard no sound of music for months. The war songs and old Southern ballads Ave had practiced, and often along the Shenandoah and Rappahannock Ave had given solace and pleasure to our friends and companions ; but un fortunately on the present occasion we, without proper fore thought, began "There Will Be one Vacant Chair," when the younger lady commenced to Aveep. At once Ave kneAv the cause. We were thoughtless because there were so many vacant chairs in Southern households. In that particular case it was the husband's. But the elder lady made eA-erything so easy and so delicately explained the situation, that it passed off Avithout further embarrassment, and Ave left their home after dinner Avith their thanks and prayers, as if Ave had conferred a favor upon them. Our last night Avas spent near the Roanoke at the hospita ble home of Colonel Eaton, the uncle of Captain M. F. Tay lor, Avho Avas mortally Avounded on the retreat from Gettys burg. The nepheAv Avas, in truth, a most estimable gentle man and capable officer, and a great favorite Avith the whole regiment. He Avas the idol of the uncle, and Ave all could, sitting around that hearthstone Avith truth and propriety join in honoring the dead hero and kinsman. The host Avas of large means, given to hospitality, and until a late hour we grieved over our losses, celebrated our victories and mourned over the disappointment of our hopes. On rising the next morning for an early breakfast, had at our request, Ave found our shoes cleaned, our tattered uniforms brushed and hung on chairs. After the meal Ave left our kind entertainer stand ing on the front portico and almost overcome by his feelings, Avatching us as Ave disappeared forever from his sight, down the road that led us to our OAvn beloved and bereaved ones. All along our route Ave met with only kindness and consid eration Avith one exception, and that at the house of a man who was formerly a resident of our own county. He refused 268 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. us water from his well, and a rest upon the steps of his house, although we informed him who we were, and he knew the families of us all. We shook the dust of his premises from our feet and renewed our journey. Before we had gotten out of sight one of his old negro slaves, Avho had heard the con versation betAveen us, folloAved Avith his Avife and soon over taking us, introduced himself as an old acquaintance of the father of each one of us Avhom he had known in Warren. He made apologies for the conduct of his master. He brought along with him a pair of chickens, some corn meal, and a bucket of water, and in a short while the old man and his wife had prepared for us a feast. The old colored man said to us that AA'hen the female mem bers of his master's family protested against his refusal to give to a Confederate soldier a cup of cold Avater he replied that he was afraid that they might have some contagious disease or depredate upon his poultry during the night. To the credit of humanity it may be said that Ave had feAV of such in the South. The refined feelings and delicate sensibili ties of those old colored people, manifested so strikingly in such substantial sympathy, made up a beautiful picture of Southern life; and Avherever Ave eight haA^e been Ave have told it as an everlasting memorial of them. On our last day's journey at a fork of the Ridgeway and Alexander Ferry road, our party broke up, Watson, Allen and Gilliland contin uing their Avay to their homes in the same neighborhood and we, the other five, to ours in Warrenton. We are all still living except Gilliland, and all bear upon our bodies lasting signs of those days. Upon our arriA'al at Warrenton the streets Avere alive with the inhabitants anxiously Avaiting for the particulars of the surrender of Avhich they had heard only vague reports. They were astonished at the neAvs and many of them expressed themselves in favor of "continuing the struggle," as they ex pressed it; but they Avere non-combatants. Walter A. Montgomery. Raleigh, N. C, 13 December, 1901. THE LAST 15 DATS OP BAKER'S COI1MAND AT VELDON. By JAMES M. MULLEN, Private Company A., 13th N". C. Battalion. After the evacuation of Plymouth, Washington, Kinston and Goldsboro, Brigadier-General L. S. Baker was sent to Weldon, charged with the duty of holding on to that place, not only for the purpose of preserving railroad communica tion between the other forces in North Carolina and the Army of Northern Virginia, and those along the line of the Wil mington & Weldon Railroad from Goldsboro to that point, but of collecting supplies for these armies from that por tion of Eastern Carolina not actually in the possession of the enemy. The authorities recognizing the importance of this position in these respects, it being one of the principal sources of supply for the armies in the field, in structed General Baker to hold it until the last moment, and at the same time, to watch out for and repel any raids of the enemy coming from the Blackwater and ChoAvan, and from Plymouth, Washington and Goldsboro. With the force un der his command, this was no light duty, and he Avas necessa rily absent from Weldon most of his time looking after the various points under his supervision. Weldon, however, was the headquarters of his department, which was styled "The Second Military District of North Carolina." In his ab sence the Captain of our battery (Captain L. H. Webb, Com pany A, Thirteenth Battalion, North Carolina Light Artil lery), was in command. These were times that tried men's souls, and put to the severest test the metal with Avhich Confederate soldiers were made. All sims indicated that the end was near at hand. Lee had abandoned Petersburg and Richmond, though this was un known to us until several days thereafter, as I shall show later on ; all of North Carolina east of the Wilmington & Weldon 270 North Carolina Troops. 1861-'65. railroad had been given up, and Sherman had made his mem orable march through Georgia to the sea, and through the Carolinas, having as his objective point Goldsboro, where he proposed to form a junction Avith Schofield, coming up from NeAv Bern via Kinston, and Terry, moving from Wilmington. This Avas accomplished by him on 23 March, 1865. The giant arms of an octopus Avere rapidly closing upon the Confeder acy in her final desperate but grand struggle for independ ence. Just one month previous to the junction of these three armies, flushed as they were Avith victory, that old Avar-horse, General Joe Johnston, had relieved Beauregard at Charlotte, N. C, and Avas charged with the difficult task of collecting and uniting in one army the scattered forces of Bragg, Har dee, Hood and Beauregard, for one supreme effort to stay the tide of invasion, and he prepared, if necessary, to unite his forces at Danville Avith those of Lee, Avho even then con templated abandoning his position around Petersburg for that purpose, Avith the hope that the two armies might fall upon Sherman and crush him before Grant could come to his assistance. Vain hope, born of desperation, for Sher man, having reached Goldsboro, his next plan Avas not to fol- Ioav after Johnston, but to open communication with Grant, so that the tAvo might act together. This is shoAvn by his special order, issued about 5 April, at Goldsboro, Avhich reads : "The next grand objective is to place this army (Avith its full equipment) north of Roanoke river, facing Avest, Avith a base for supplies at Norfolk, and at Winton or Murfreesboro, on the ChoAvan, and in full communication with the Army of the Potomac at Petersburg ; and also to do the enemy as much harm as possible en route." His army Avas to moA^e on 10 April, in three columns of 25,000 each, Avith his cavalry un der Kilpatrick aiming direct for Weldon until it had crossed the Tar, the general point of concentration being Warrenton, N. C. But the Avhole plan Avas suddenly changed by the news of the fall of Richmond and Petersburg, Avhich reached him at Goldsboro on 6 April. Inferring that Lee Avould succeed in making junction Avith Johnston, Avith a fraction of his army at least, someAvhere in his front, he prepared on the day he had appointed (10 April) to leave Goldsboro to move Baker's Command at Weldon. 271 straight on Raleigh, Avhich place he reached on 13 April, and found that Johnston had moved further on. Let us noAv leave Sherman at Raleigh, and go back to the little force at Weldon. And in the outset, I take pleasure in acknoAvledging my indebtedness for much I shall noAv recount to my old commander, Captain L. H. Webb, than A\Thom a truer soldier never dreAv SAvord, and Avho has very kindly fur nished me extracts from his diary kept during this period. I have also obtained valuable information from that gallant soldier, Hon. Jas. C. MacRae, then Assistant Adjutant-Gen eral on General Baker's staff, and since one of the Supreme Court Judges of North Carolina. The task imposed upon this small force, consisting of two or three hundred infantry and our battery numbering about one hundred and tAventy-five men, Avas no light one. For weeks it had been in a state of constant activity and excite ment, enhanced towards the last with continual suspense and anxiety. It had been constantly on the move to meet threat ened advances from the directions of the Tar and lower Roan oke, and the Chowan and BlackAvater rivers. If I remember aright, during the month of March, it had been sent upon two expeditions through Northampton, Hertford and Bertie Counties, to repel reported raids of the enemy's cavalry from the Chowan, one, to and beloAv Tarboro to meet a threatened advance from the loAver Tar and Roanoke, and one, doAvn the Seaboard & Roanoke Railroad towards Franklin, to check a cavalry raid from the BlackAvater. This last expedition, hoAvever, Avas in April, the command returning to camp there from the night of 6 April. It Avas under command of Colo nel Whitford, Avho had Avith him not to exceed two hundred infantry, (about fifty of Avhom were members of our com pany, armed with inferior rifles), and two guns from our bat tery. I Avas with the expedition as a cannoneer of one of the guns of the battery. I forgot to say that we were conveyed doAvn the Seaboard road upon two or three flat cars, and pos sibly a box car or two. Upon reaching Boykin's Depot, about twenty-five miles from Weldon, Ave discovered that, all beloAv that point, the enemy had torn up and burned the track so that it Avas impossible for us to proceed further on the 272 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. train. Disembarking, Ave reconnoitered the situation for sev eral miles around and remained there until next morning, when hearing that the enemy was making his way in the direction of Weldon, Ave boarded the train and started back. After passing Seaboard, a small station about ten miles east of Weldon, Colonel Whitford, avIio was riding on the engine, saAv one or two men run across the track some six or seven hundred yards ahead. He at once ordered the train stopped. This precaution Avas not taken any too soon ; for as soon as some of the infantry were put off as skirmishers and the sit uation Avas taken in, it Avas discovered that the track for some distance just ahead of us Avas torn up and that the enemy had ambuscaded both sides. We had passed Seaboard about a mile. As soon as the train Avas stopped the enemy opened fire upon us. Colonel Whitford caused the train to be run back to Seaboard, Avhere the remainder of the command was put in position to aAvait the return of the skirmishers, who Avere ordered to fall back as soon as they could ascertain Avith some certainty the force and purpose of the enemy. They soon reported that the enemy, consisting of a regiment of cav alry, had retired in the direction of Jackson, Avhich Avas dis tant some eight miles in a southeast direction from Avhere we Avere and aAvay from Weldon. Colonel Whitford concluded to folloAv on after them, but I suspect Avith no hearty desire to meet up Avith them, for he could but know that our force was not able to cope successfully with a full regiment. Upon reaching Jackson, Ave learned there that the regiment Avas the Third NeAv York Cavalry, about six hundred strong, Avell mounted and thoroughly equipped Avith Spencer repeating carbines, and had passed through that tOAvn some hours be fore, and then must be near Murfreesboro, some tAventy-five miles distant. After Avaiting several hours at Jackson, our guns Avere ordered back overland to Weldon, Avhile the in fantry under Colonel Whitford's command retired to Hali fax. I shall abvays remember Avith pleasure one little inci dent connected Avith this affair. Several Aveeks before, as we had more men than Avere required or needed to man the guns, about sixty of our company had been armed Avith rifles and acted Avith the infantry. When the train was halted and skir- Baker's Command at Weldon. 273 mishers throAvn off, I Avas anxious to join them and endeav ored to get one of the riflemen to exchange places Avith me. I kneAv he was disaffected and it occurred to me that he would not hesitate to shirk danger ; but I reckoned Avithout my host. He rejected the overture Avith some indignation, and re marked that if anybody had to use his rifle he proposed to do it himself ; and I ascertained that he behaved as gallantly as any man. This but illustrates that it Avas not cowardice that caused a great many of our soldiers to waver in their allegi ance towards the close of the Avar, but the terrible hardships to Avhich they Avere subjected,' the distressing accounts of suf fering of their loAred ones at home, and the intuitive knowl edge that defeat Avas inevitable. I remember Avith sadness, Avithout any feeling of censure, many instances of desertion of as brave men as ever marched to the tap of a drum. On 7 April, about 5 o'clock p. m., a telegram Avas received by Captain Webb, Avho Avas in command, from General John ston, ordering that all trains north of the Roanoke river be recalled at once, all the artillery that could be moved got on the south side, and such heavy guns in the defences north of the river as could not be moved be destroyed, and the railroad bridge burned. Steps Avere at once taken to execute the or der, and by hard service all night, the next morning (Satur day, 8th) found everything in the shape of guns, ordnance, quartermaster and commissary stores, removed from the north side of the river and delivered in Weldon, and combustibles at once gathered and placed at each end of the railroad bridge to fire it as soon as all the trains Avere safely over. The bridge, hoAvever, Avas not fired that day, Avhy, I -will let Cap tain Webb speak. I quote from his diary : "General Baker came up about 10 o'clock a. m. and ordered me Avith my bat tery and Williams' section of artillery across the river again. Upon getting my battery over the river I put my guns in posi tion along the old line as I thought best, and awaited ulterior orders from headquarters. My only support were the feeble remains of a company of so-called cavalry under Captain Strange. In all the twenty men of his command, there was not a single man or officer decently mounted. With my old fiery Bucephalus, "Duncan," I could have charged and over- 18 274 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. turned every skeleton of a horse in his company. But the men were all true "Tar Heels," and there was no braver man than Captain Strange. On the afternoon of the 10th, the artillery was ordered back to the south side, and preparations made to leave Weldon. According to Captain Webb, there Avere then at that point about five hundred men, including at least sev enty-five stragglers, furloughed men, convalescents from the hospitals, and detailed men. On the 12th the command to leave Weldon was given. Captain Webb Avas ordered to take charge of the column and start towards Raleigh, keeping as near the railroad as possi ble. By 10 o'clock a. m., the column Avas Avell on its way in good order, the objective being, if possible, to join General Johnston at or near Raleigh. We marched about sixteen miles that day. For several days previous to our departure, and even Avhile the artillery Avas on the north side of the river, everything was done to put the force in good marching condition. Unfit and worthless animals connected Avith the artillery, quartermaster and commissary departments were condemned and either sold or given aAvay. To supply their places, squads of mounted men Avere detailed to make tours through the adjacent farms and plantations, to impress horses and mules. The extra men of the command Avere parcelled out and assigned to the different regular organizations, and everything in the Avay of stores sent off by rail up the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad. The bridge, however, remained in statu quo, and Avas not burned until the night of the 13th, t.Avo days after Ave had marched aAvay. One of the duties imposed upon the men of our bat tery just before leaving Weldon was the collection and de struction of boats along the river, so that, upon the burning of the bridge, communication Avith the north side might be effectually cut off. Perhaps it was a precautionary measure that could have been very safely dispensed Avith ; and when I recall my OAvn experience in the performance of that duty, I am strongly inclined to that opinion. In company with a mountaineer, Avho kneAv nothing of boatcraft, I was sent up the river for that purpose. After proceeding about half a mile above the bridge, Ave came across a boat ; but the oAvner, Baker's Command at Weldon. 275 who doubtless had taken the alarm, had hid the poles with which to propel it. Nothing daunted, Ave improvised the best Ave could, and started down the river. Tempted by the sight of some fish upon a slide near by, Ave essayed to cross over and secure them, and had almost reached the prize when my companion's pole broke and aAvay Ave went down the rapids. We fortunately passed the worst safely, and by dint of extra exertion, reached the shore; but for a few moments there were tAvo badly scared navigators. The rest of the trip to the point Ave were ordered to bring the boats, Avas made by SAvinging around, one of us in the stern and the other at the bow alternately catching hold of and turning loose the bushes along the bank. The scenes in and around Weldon these feAV days Avere heart-rending. As early as the 8th, the citizens in the coun try around, especially on the north side of the river, became panic-stricken, and came croAvding into the town, imagining the direst calamities Avould befall them upon the AvithdraAval of the troops. We could but remember the kind and hospita ble treatment these good and loyal people had always extend ed to Confederate soldiers, and Avere deeply touched at their distress. But some of us Avho had Avitnessed similar scenes took comfort in the thought that it would not be half as bad as they imagined. I remember the confusion and consterna tion in and around my o\vn home upon hearing of the capture of Roanoke Island ; and yet, the storm of Avar passed by Avith out inflicting the grievous woes apprehended. But Sherman and his bummers did not pass that Avay. By sunrise on the 13th, Ave resumed our march in a hard rain, and Avith the roads in a terrible condition. Not long after starting, Ave began to meet stragglers making their way to our rear. Among the first to attract our attention, was a weary looking, foot-sore and jaded young fellow in the dirty and tattered uniform of a Lieutenant of infantry, who told us he was going home, that Lee had surrendered, and Avhat Avas left of his army had been paroled. Up to this time, Ave did not knoAv that Petersburg had been abandoned, so com pletely were we isolated and cut off. Captain Webb, Avho was in command, General Baker not yet having come up, re- 276 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. fused to believe him, and ordered him and some others under guard to accompany the command until their story Avas ver ified. But it Avas not long before all Avere fully convinced of the truth of their statements; for the roads Avere soon filled Avith soldiers returning from Lee's army. I shall never forget the feeling that came over me when fully impressed Avith the fact that Lee had surrendered. Until then I had never permit ted myself to doubt the ultimate success of the Confederacy ; and, as to the Army of Northern Virginia, I believed that under "Marse Robert," it Avas simply invincible. I appre hend that this feeling was shared by most of the Confederate soldiers, hence their endurance, courage and deA^otion under the sorest trials and in the darkest hours of the cause. With Lee's surrender, all hope fled, and thereafter, obedience and the discharge of duty Avere purely mechanical. S\vift upon the heels of the news of this terrible disaster, and on the even ing of the same day, came the rumor that Sherman was in pos session of Raleigh, and that Johnston Avas retiring before him toAvards Greensboro. Madame Rumor Avas not a lying jade that time. About nightfall, Aveary and hungry, depressed with the gloomy outlook, and after a hard day's work, we halted and Avent into camp near Warrenton Junction. Gen eral Baker had not yet come up, and Captain Webb Avas in much doubt as to Avhat course to pursue. Let me narrate the events of the succeeding day in the Avords of Captain Webb himself. I quote from his diary : "Friday, 14- April: About daylight this morning, the bugle sounded reveille, and as soon as the weary men could be got in line, and the horses hitched, without breakfast, we started for the Junction, about four miles distant, intending to feed at that place. I pressed on ahead of the column, to see if I could hear anything of General Baker, and at that early hour I found the road filled Avith stragglers, all reiter ating and confirming the neAvs of yesterday. Nothing could be heard of the General. The column came up in about an hour and halted, horses fed, and men got breakfast. About the time Ave were ready to move again, a solitary horseman rode up to the depot, in Avhom I recognized Brigadier-General M. W. Ransom. He dismounted and hitched his horse, while Baker's Command at Weldon. 277 I went forward to meet him. He confirmed the report of Gen eral Lee's surrender, having himself been there and witnessed it. I told of my situation, the reported occupation of Ral eigh by Sherman, and that, surrounded by the enemy as I was, I hardly kneAv what to do Avith the stores and men under my charge. He replied that he knew nothing of Sherman's position, but hardly thought he was in Raleigh, that, being a paroled soldier, he could not give me any advice in the prem ises ; but that his brother, Major-General Robert Ransom, was at his house only about four miles away, and, as he was not paroled, I could consult him. This I concluded to do, and countermanding the order to resume the march, Ave mounted and rode off. We found General Robert Ransom at his house. He Avas home on sick furlough, and I entered at once into the matter AAdiich had brought me to his presence. Gen eral Matt Avas present, but took no part in the discussion. After some reflection, General Robert remarked that under the circumstances he could see no good in holding out longer, explained the difficulties of reaching Johnston if Sherman occupied Raleigh, and that he thought it best to remain where I was, and send a flag of truce to Sherman at Raleigh, offer ing to surrender upon the same terms accorded Lee's army. At the conclusion of General Robert's remarks, General Matt, forgetful of the fact that he was paroled and could give no advice, sprang to his feet, and exclaimed Avith flashing eye and extended arm, "Never, under no consideration surrender until there is a force in your front sufficient to compel it. But Avhat am I doing. I am a paroled prisoner and have no right to speak in this manner," and walked out of the room. There Avas that in his manner, looks, and ringing tones, which settled the question for me. Bidding both "Good-bye," I mounted my horse and rode back to Warrenton Junction. Upon arriving there I found a considerable number of the men in a state of disquietude and disorder, amounting to al most total demoralization. They had broken into one of the cars containing supplies of food, Avere Avantonly Avasting the supplies, and Avere preparing to break open other cars. Spring ing from my horse and making my Avay to them, calling my bugler as I Avent, I had him sound the assembly and told them 278 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. to fall in Avith their several commands at once. The better and nobler instincts of good soldiers coming to their assist ance, they soon quieted doAvn and readily fell into line. I then addressed them as best I could, told them all the news I could learn, of my conference Avith the generals, that we had food enough for a Aveek at least, and in that time I felt sure something Avould be done, either by the arrival of General Baker or in some other Avay, A\diich Avould enable us either to continue or close our services as Confederate soldiers in an honorable Avay. That I proposed now to move on to Ridge- way, halt and call a council of officers ; and urged them to be men a little longer and trust me, and I would do for them the best I could. My emotions choked my utterance, many of the men Avept with me, and all promised implicit obedience to my orders. The column was soon formed and marched to RidgeAvay, Avhere we arrived about noon. Hastily calling the officers together for consultation, Ave concluded to send an engine and tender up the road as near Raleigh as possible and ascertain, if Ave could, Avhether Sherman Avas there or not. An engine on the track already fired up Avas seized, and as many men armed Avith Enfield rifles as could be Avere put aboard and in the charge of Lieutenant Blount, of the Tenth North Carolina Troops, Avith orders to go as near Raleigh as he deemed safe, and if he found the enemy in occupation to return Avith the best speed possible, burning the most impor tant bridge on the road in his rear. The engine was about to move off, Avhen the president of the road (Dr. W. J. HaAvkins) Avho lived here, stepped up and, in an authoritatiA*e tone, or dered the men off and the engine not to move an inch. I re- neAved my former order, Avhich the president again forbade, denying my authority to impress his rolling stock in such ser vice. Remonstrances proving unavailing, I directed a Ser geant Avith a file of men to remove him into the railroad office and keep him under guard, AAdiich being done the engine moved off up the road. In the consultation Avith the officers it Avas decided that if upon the return of Lieutenant Blount, General Baker had not come up or been heard from, another meeting should be called for definite action. At 5 p. m., neAvs came that General Baker and staff Avere coming, and about 6 Baker's Command at Weldon. 279 p. m., they rode up. Upon his arrival the president of the road was set at liberty and he at once made complaint to the gen eral, but he endorsed all I had done, and then saying he would make his headquarters Avith the president, they rode off to gether. Soon after he called a council of the officers, from which I returned about 9 :30 p. m. With feAV dissenting votes, it was decided to send a flag of truce to Sherman, ten dering our surrender upon the same terms allowed Lee's army. Lieutenant Blount had returned about 8 p. m., re porting that he had gone within twelve miles of Raleigh and gotten what he deemed reliable information that Sherman Avas in possession of the city. On his return, in obedience to orders, he had burned the railroad bridge over Cedar creek." On the morning of the 15th, the General announced an entirely different programme from that determined upon the evening before. That noAV announced was to abandon the ar tillery and all except absolutely necessary supplies, and Avith the whole command in as light order as possible, mounted on artillery horses and transportation animals, as far as could be done, and armed as best Ave could, try to get to Johnston by passing around Sherman's rear. This change met with Avide spread dissatisfaction, but nothing further was done that day. On the 16th (Sunday), the General Avas urged by some of his officers to carry out at once the plan originally decided upon, to surrender; for they Avere satisfied they could not control their men longer. He promised to take the matter under consideration and announce his final decision at an as sembly of all the forces that evening. The plan finally adopted was to try and cut his way through to Johnston Avith all who Avould volunteer to folloAV him, the others to disband and go home as best they could. About fifty volunteered, of whom nineteen Avere from our battery. These fifty Avere au thorized to be mounted on government horses and armed with Enfield rifles. This was done, and at midnight they took up their march. The next morning, having been up all night, Ave pre- ' sented anything but a martial appearance ; and, if the truth 280 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. must be told, our enthusiasm was at a low ebb ; for we were pretty well satisfied that ours was a "wild goose chase." Nothing but a sense of duty, and a reluctance to turn back as long as we were called upon to go forward, carried us on. For tAvo days Ave wandered on over the hills and through the woods of Franklin, Johnston and Wake Counties. On one of these days Ave passed through Louisburg, Avorn out and hungry. The good citizens of the town received us enthu siastically and treated us most hospitably. It must have been an amusing sight to see us straggling through the streets with flowers in one hand and something to eat in the other. It made a deep impression on me at the time, and I shall never forget the scene. About sundown on the 18th we reached Earpsboro and halted. There the General informed us that he had relia ble information that Johnston had surrendered, and he had determined to send in a flag of truce to Raleigh, tendering his surrender. On the next day, having recrossed the Tar river and coun termarched several miles, Ave started the flag, the officer in charge bearing the following letter: "Headquarters Second Military District, N. G, "Nasii County, N. C, 19 April, 1865. "Major-General W. T. Sherman, Commanding United States Forces, Raleigh, N. C. : "General : — Finding that General Johnston has surren dered his army, of which my command forms a part, I have the honor to surrender my command, Avith a request that the same terms be alloAved me as Avere alloAved General Johnston's army. I have the honor to be very respectfully, "Your obedient servant, "L. S. Baker, "Brigadier-General, C. S. A." A rumor reached us to-night that President Lincoln had been assassinated. About 5 o'clock p. m., on the 20th, our flag returned with a letter from General Sherman to General Baker, stating that General Johnston had not surrendered,, but that terms Baker's Command at Weldon. 281 had been agreed upon between them for a cessation of hos tilities and the restoration of peace. Accompanying the let ter was a copy of the agreement. The letter gave General Baker the right to disband his force under the terms granted Lee's army. The general, deeming it best to accept these terms, issued the following order : "Headquarters Second Military District, "Department North Carolina, Bunn's House, April 20, 1865. General Order No. 25. "The Brigadier-General commanding, announces to the officers and men Avho have remained with him, that the two grand armies of the Confederate States having been com pelled to make terms Avith the enemy, it has become necessary that he should disband his command. "The officers and men Avill be alloAved to return to their homes, Avhere they Avill remain peaceably and quietly, until called forth again by the proper authorities. "He offers his profound thanks to those who have remained Avith him to the last. Though their labors have not been met with present success, they Avill carry with them the proud con sciousness of having done their Avhole duty to their country, and of having laid doAvn their arms only, Avhen they could be of no further service to the cause to Avhich their lives were so freely deA'oted. "With the kindest Avishes for their future welfare, he bids them farewell. "By order of Brigadier-General Baker. "J. C. MacRae, A. A. G." And one similar to the following to each commanding of ficer in the force, to-wit. : "Captain Lewis H. Webb, Company A, Thirteenth Battalion North Carolina Artillery : "Captain : — You Avill please present the thanks of the Brigadier-General commanding, to the following named of ficers and men of your company, Avho have courageously re- 282 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. mained at the post until the last moment, and who have not feared to trust their safety to him in the hour of adversity. He has done all he can for these brave men, and only surren ders them Avhen it Avould be folly and madness to continue longer in arms : Captain L. H Webb, First Lieutenant H R. Home, Ser geant T. G. Skinner; Sergeant J. G. Latham; Corporal L. W. McMullen ; Privates James M. Mullen, Alphonso White, Peter McMillan, A. J. Baker, J. A. Jacocks, Daniel Morri son, Nathaniel HathaAvay, Richard Bogue, Walter J. Webb, Charles Barber, Thomas H. SnoAvden, Wm. H. Whedbee, R. W. Happer and George W. Fentress. I have the honor to be very respectfully, Your obedient servant, "Jas C. MacRae. A. A. G." The men were each furnished with the following: "Headquarters Second. Mil. Dist. Dep't. N. C. "Buxx's House, April 20, 1865. "In accordance with an agreement Avith Major-General Sherman, commanding United States forces in North Caro lina, Private , Company A, Thirteenth Battalion North Carolina Artillery, is permitted to go to his home, and there quietly remain, taking Avith him one horse, his private property. L. S. Baker, "Brigadier-General." In passing, let me say that the horse Avas the best pay I ever received from the Confederacy, and he proved a most valuable acquisition. Early the next morning (Friday, 21 April) Ave turned our faces homeward, feeling as if a heavy Aveight had been lifted off our shoulders, and believed that the suspense Avas over. Captain Webb, Avho Avas going to join his Avife on the BlackAvater, accompanied the Perquimans County boys until just before reaching Halifax, AAdien Captain Webb, Wm. H. Whedbee and I pushed on ahead. I quote again from the Captain's diary: "On Sunday, 23 April, at Mar tin's cross roads, Northampton County, N. C, I parted from Mullen and Whedbee, the last tAvo of my company, to remain with me." Baker's Command at Weldon. 283 I haA'c but little more to add. After leaving Captain Webb, Whedbee and I pushed on to Murfreesboro. Reach ing there we found the ferry had been destroyed, and Ave Avere compelled to cross the Meherrin river in a small canoe, swim ming our horses. Our nearest route home from Murfrees boro would have been to cross the ChoAvan at Winton, but the citizens of Murfreesboro informed us that at Winton were several Federal gunboats. We did not knoAv hoAv Ave might be received by the enemy, so deemed it the Aviser course to abandon that route and cross the ChoAvan at a ferry higher up. This Ave did, but there we met Avith the same luck as at the Meherrin — had to cross in a small boat ourselves, and swim our horses. Here a bit of good luck befel us, not much, but Ave Avere thankful for small favors. We met up with a gen tleman Avho had a sulky Avhich he wanted to get to the toAvn (Hertford) in Avhich I lived. It must be borne in mind, we were not cavalrymen, and yet Ave had been in the saddle seven or eight days on the go all the time, Avere completely worn out, and had still before us about sixty miles to travel before reaching our homes. We gladly availed ourselves of this op portunity to change our mode of locomotion. Whedbee and I agreed Ave should ride "turn about," Avith my first go. But "all is not gold that glitters," and Ave are often doomed "to see our fondest hopes decay." I had hardly started before the fear of the thing breaking doAvn took possession of me. The trouble was, compared with the vehicles (caissons and gun carriages) I had been used to for three years, the frail appear ance and elastic motion of the sulky Avere alarming. I soon yielded the concern to Whedbee, Avho seemed to take it better. This was inspiring, and when my turn came around again I claimed the privilege, and accustomed myself to its motions. Whedbee, avIio lived in the country, left me Avhen I was sev eral miles from home. He Avas hardly out of sight Avhen I heard in the direction I Avas going the booming of cannon, repeated at intervals. It occurred to me at once that the firing Avas from gunboats lying in the river at Hertford, and out of respect to President Lincoln. This was not very com forting; for while there was no reason Avhy I should appre hend trouble or annoyance, I did not fancy facing the music 284 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. all alone, satisfied as I was of meeting in the town sailors and soldiers from these boats. But seating myself more firmly in my novel vehicle, drawing the reins of my steed tighter, and mustering up courage for the ordeal, I dashed over the bridge and through the main street of the town in fine style. As I expected, the town was filled Avith sailors and soldiers, but they gave me a cheer as I passed, and shouted, "there goes a Johnny coming home in the best style yet." I realized at once that "this cruel war was over," and these hearty greet ings from quondam foes went a long way towards reconstruct ing me. James M. Mullen. Petersburg, Va,, 26 April, 1901. Note. — The author of the above very interesting sketch after the war located in Halifax. N C, becoming one of the most prominent lawyers in the State. He represented that county in the State Senate. Some years since he removed to Petersburg where he is now, and for many years has been, Judge of the City Court —Ed. A BATTLE APTER THE VAR. CAPTURE OF PORT HAHBT, 14 r\RT, 1665. By R. Z. LINNEY, Private Co. A, Seventh Regiment, N. C. T, All Avars are demoralizing. The Confederate and the Fed eral armies in the Avar of the United States were probably as well disciplined, and the red-eyed daughters of Avar, plun der and rapine, as well restrained as in any war in the world's- history. Even under these conditions Ave were not entirely exempt from that demoralization Avhich defies the most rigid army discipline. In March, 1865, General Stoneman left East Tennessee, moving by the turnpike leading from Taylorsville, Tenn., through Watauga County to Deep Gap on the Blue Ridge. On 26 March he entered Boone, N. C, and on the 27th the column A\ras divided, one division under General Stoneman marching toAvards Wilkesboro, while the other, under General Gilliam, crossed the Blue Ridge at BloAving Rock and went to Patterson, in Caldwell County, and then joined Stoneman at Wilkesboro. Leaving Wilkesboro on the 31st, General Stoneman moved over into Surry County, going towards Mt. Airy. During the march through this section of the State, Stoneman's men committed many depredations, and after leaving Wilkesboro a number of the lawless element of his command deserted. Shortly after this a number of men, some deserters from Stoneman's command and other worth less characters, led by tAvo desperate men, Wade and Sim mons, completely terrorized a large portion of Wilkes County by their frequent raids. In order to fully understand the situation, the condition of the country at that time must be taken into consideration. Almost every man fit for military service was in the army, and the country was almost completely at the mercy of the robbers. It Avas thought after Lee had surrendered and the soldiers returned home that these depredations would be dis continued, but they were not. 286 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. These marauders Avere divided into two bands. One, led by Simmons, had its headquarters in the Brushy Mountains, and the other, led by Wade, had its headquarters near the Yadkin river in Wilkes County. The bands at times oper ated together, but it is principally Avith Wade's band that this article is to deal. The house Avhich Wade had chosen and fortified Avas situated near the road Avhich leads from Wilkesboro to Lenoir, in Caldwell County, and about a mile from Holman's Ford, where the valley road crosses the Yad kin river. The house was situated on a high hill, command ing a fine vieAv of the Yadkin Valley, and of the valley road for a distance of a mile above and a mile below the ford. The house fronted the river on the south while the rear Avas pro tected by the "Flat Woods" belt, in Avhich there Avere sympa thizers if not aiders and abettors of the band. From this position the Yadkin Valley and the surrounding country for at least half a mile in every direction could be SAvept and con trolled by Wade's guns. There is a legend that this point was chosen by Daniel Boone as a splendid military post to protect himself against the Indians. At any rate it Avould have been almost impossible to have chosen a stronger loca tion, both offensive and defensive, than this. The house was built of oak logs, and Avas two stories high. In the upper story Wade had cut port holes for his guns, which Avere army guns of the most improved type, and could command the ap proaches to the house from all directions, making it indeed hazardous to attempt to reach it. This house belonged to some dissolute women by the name of Hamby, and after Wade had fortified it, the name by which it was known was "Fort Hambv." The exact number of men engaged in these depredations is unknown, though it has been stated on good authority to ha\_e at no time exceeded thirty. Making this their headquarters, Wade's force began to plunder the surrounding country, and from their cruelty it appears that their object Avas to gratify a spirit of revenge as well as to enrich themselves. They inarched as a well-drilled military force, armed Avith the best rifles. It was only a short time before they brought the citizens for many miles around in every direction under their dominion. They plundered the A Battle After the War. 287 best citizens, subjecting men and Avomen to the grossest in sults. Their cruelty is shoAvn by this act : A Avoman Avas work ing in a field near Holman's Ford, having a child Avith her. The child climbed on the fence and the men began to shoot at it, and finally killed it. Emboldened by their success in Wilkes County, they made a raid into CaldAvell County on 7 May. Major Harvey Bingham, Avith about half a dozen young men from CaldAvell and Watauga Counties, attempted to rout these marauders from their stronghold at Fort Hamby. On Sunday night after their raid into CaldAvell, Major Bingham made a well-planned move on the fort, at a late hour of the night. For some reason, Wade and his men were not aAvare of the approach of Bingham's men until they had entered the house. Wade and his men announced their defenceless con dition, and begged for their lives. Major Bingham had as sured Wade, Avho was a deserter from General Stoneman's command, and who had organized this band of robbers, that his only purpose Avas to compel them to desist from any fur ther robbery and insult upon the citizens, and it Avas agreed that no violence Avas to be done them, and they were to be delivered to the military authorities at Salisbury for trial. This the robbers pretended to be Avilling to submit to. No guns Avere seen, and they Avere, so Bingham believed, his prisoners. They gave Wade and his men time to dress, after AA-hich, at a moment when the captors were off their guard, they rushed to their guns, which were concealed about their beds, and opened fire on them. The result was that Clark, a son of General Clark, of CaldAvell County, and Henley, from the same county, Avere killed. The others escaped, leaving the bodies of Clark and Henley. Clark and tlenley were both young men of rare excellence of character. Major Bingham himself narrowly escaped being a victim of this treachery. The robbers, being encour aged by the failure to dislodge them, began to enlarge the territory which they Avere to plunder. About a week previous to this Simmons Avith his band had crossed into Alexander County and had made a raid on Colonel McCurdy, a well-to- do planter. They forced this excellent old gentleman to lead them to the place Avhere his money was concealed, but it 288 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. was not until they had tied him to the limb of an apple tree and began to flay him alive that he surrendered and led them to his hidden treasure. About this time Mr. W. C. Green, of Alexander County, who had been a Lieutenant in the Confederate Army, re ceived neAvs from a friend in Wilkes County that Wade had planned to move into Alexander County and make a raid on his father, ReA^. J. B. Green, and to kill him (W. C. Green) if found. Mr. Green began to fortify his house, barring all the doors Avith iron. They also took five negroes into their confidence and these promised to assist in defending the house against Wade. It Avas found out that they had in the house fire-arms enough to shoot eighteen times Avithout reloading. Weapons Avere also provided for the negroes. Wade started across the Brushy Mountains on Saturday, 13 May, and reached Mr. Green's that evening about dark. Mr. W. C. Green saAv a number of men stop their horses in the road above the house, and he concluded that they were Wade's men. He notified his father, and mustered the ne groes in the dining hall. All the lights were extinguished, though the moon Avas shining brightly. Mr. J. B. Green stationed himself at the front door, with a revolver in one hand and a dirk in the other. Mr. W. C. Green took his posi tion at a AvindoAv commanding a view of the front gate and porch. The negroes were stationed in the rear part of the house. Three men with guns approached the house in front, one of them being Wade who had on a bright Confederate uniform Avhich he always Avore on his raids, posing as a Con federate soldier Avhen necessary to gain admission into the houses he Avished to plunder. The other members of the com pany took another route and surrounded the house from the rear, though this Avas not known at the time. Wade pre tended that they were Confederate soldiers; that they had belonged to the cavalry and Avere noAv on their Avay home, having been detained on account of sickness. Mr. J. B. Green told him "he lied, that he kneAv who he was, AAThat his business Avas, and that he could not enter his house except over his dead body." Some of the men had by this time come up from the rear A Battle After the War. 289 and Avere trying to force an entrance. When this fact Avas made knoAvn to Mr. W. C. Green by one of the negroes, he rushed to the rear, knocked out a pane of glass and opened fire on them, Avounding one of the men. This unexpected turn of affairs seemed to frighten them and they all began to retire. Mr. J. B. Green and Mr. W. C. Green rushed into the yard and opened fire on them as they retreated, Wade and his men at the same time returning the fire. They retreated so rapidly that two of the men left their horses. It Avas found out afterwards that five of Wade's men had passed on down the CoA'e Gap road to the store of W. C. Lin- ney, AA'here there Avas some powder and lead, and were watch ing the store. A number of old Confederate soldiers had visited W. C. Linney that night, and remained in the store with him, and though it was only about one mile to Rev. J. B. Green's, they had no knowledge of what Avas going on there, nor of the action of the five desperadoes avIio Avere Avatching them. It was Sunday morning before the neAvs was circulated. Mr. W. C. Green Avent to York Collegiate Institute and in formed seAreral men, and by 10 o'clock tAventy-tAVO men, almost all of them Confederate soldiers, had gathered, ready to pursue the robbers. In this party were several officers of the Confederate army and they Avere dressed in their uni forms. Colonel Wash Sharpe was placed in command of the squad and they started in pursuit. The first iicavs from Wade Avas AAdien they reached "LaAv's Gap." Here it Avas found that Wade had camped in the Brushy Mountains part of the night after the attack on Mr. Green, and about sunrise the next morning had made a raid on Mr. LaAvs and forced him to give up his money. He informed the party that two of Wade's men Avere wounded. The pursuers followed the trail and found that five miles from Wilkesboro Wade's men had left the public road and had taken a shorter route by way of Hix's Mill and Holman's Ford to Fort Hamby. The ford Avas reached in the evening of 14 May, and after crossing the river, and traveling along the public road for about half a mile, the pursuing party left the public road and followed 19 290 North Carolina Troops, 1 861-65. a private road which led to a creek at the base of the hill on Avhich Hamby house stood. In the plan of attack, part of the company under Colonel G. W. Flowers Avas to approach from the north Avhile the other part under Captain Ellis, was to approach from the south, and then surround the house. In the enthusiasm of the moment all seemed to forget the dan ger. Colonel FloAvers' men had gotten Avithin seventy-five yards and Captain Ellis' men Avithin twenty yards of the house Avhen its defenders poured a volley of minie balls through the port holes. James Polk Linney, only 16 years old, and Jones BroAvn, about IS years of age, were killed. As the squad that folloAved Captain Ellis to the south side of the house got within fifty yards of the east end of the house, W. F. Patterson and Burrel Connolly, tAvo Confederate veterans, rushed up the hill to the house, Patterson before, Linney next and Connolly next. When they reached the house I heard the A'oice of my brother for the last time, say : "Boys, they are going to shoot." Immediately the guns of the rob bers were heard and Patterson and Connolly rode aAvay, while Linney sat on his horse at. the east end of the house with his body bent as though he were trying to adjust his spur. Soon he AA'ent to the ground still holding the reins of his horse. He Avas mortally Avounded by a minie ball passing' through his head, having entered just below the right eye. The rob bers gave him no assistance, not even a drink of water, until Monday evening, when he died. BroAvn Avas charging up the hill on the Avest side when he was Avounded. Some of the men were compelled to jump from their horses and throw themselves on the ground in or der to escape being shot down. Their horses became fright ened and breaking loose from them, ran to Avhere Wade's men had their horses. Two of these horses Avere the ones captured from Wade at Mr. Green's. These men did not recover their horses at this time. Under the severe fire the men Avere compelled to retreat, and Avhen they had retreated to a small stream, Brown, who had been shot, fell from his horse and died in the presence of Rev. L. P. Gwaltney, Avho Avas then a boy about the age of Brown. Mr. Gwaltney says: A Battle After the War. ' 291 "As Ave Avere approaching Holman's Ford the word passed along the line that the house standing on an eminence to our right Avas the headquarters of the desperate land pirates whom Ave were pursuing. BroAvn looking in that direction, turned and said, 'They are going to fight, sure.' Pointing his finger toward a Avood above, the Hamby house, some Avomen were plainly to be seen retreating into the woods, 'That,' said he, 'means business.' Then, taking his gun from his shoulder and laying it across his saddle, holding it and the reins of his horse Avith his left hand and laying his right hand on the butt of his revolver, he rode silently on. After crossing the Yadkin river a detour of perhaps half a mile Avas made Avhen Ave found ourselves halted on the bank of a roaring, rocky little stream, Avhile our advance was sloAvly crossing the rough and rapid stream. The sun Avas stooping Ioav toAvards the summits of the Blue Ridge in our rear, Brown casting his eye over his shoulder, gazed at the beauti ful scene and observed, 'What a beautiful Sunday to be en gaged in work like this, guiding his horse into the stream and ere all had landed, our advance had reached the open field and the fray was on. As Ave emerged from the thicket skirting the stream, Brown fired his gun towards the house. James Linney, brave, noble youth, was shot from his horse near the fatal den. BroAvn hastily draAving his revolver, Avith flashing eye and face aflame, plunged forAvard to the fray, only a few leaps were taken, only twice did his faithful revolver speak when the fearful AA'hack of the enemy's bullet, as distinctly heard as the smiting together of the palms of the hands, indicated some one Avas struck. Brown suddenly reined his horse, threw up his right hand from which his smoking revolver fell and exclaimed, 'I'm shot, I'm killed.' The hope was expressed that he was not seriously hurt. 'Ah,' he said, pointing to his bleeding leg from Avhich the blood Avas flowing in a stream, 'I shall be dead in five minutes.' Then lifting his eyes upAvard as if in prayer, he cried, '0, such a little time to prepare to die.' These Avere the last words I heard him speak. Almost simultaneous with this Ave began to dismount and a confused retreat began. Passing the spot the writer snatched his revolver and brought it aAvay. Cast- 292 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. ing my eye toAvard the river I saw Brown still on his horse as he Avas being assisted across by tAvo friends. Ten paces perhaps from the landing his horse reared and hurled the dying man to the ground. He arose to his feet, staggered once or twice around a small circle, and fell with his face to the earth. The AA?riter Avas among the last recrossing the stream. Hastening to the spot Avhere my dying playmate lay, I dismounted, gave my reins to Lansing Lowrance, who dismounted and remained Avith me. Running to my friend, I raised him in my arms. Only a feAV moments passed, his eyes closed forever to scenes of blood, the brave heart greAV still, and that noble spirit that no face of earthly foe could daunt, passed bravely, grandly into the great beyond." The force Avas now divided, part having fallen back across the creek, and part having reached the pines east of the build ing. There Avas no chance to re-unite, and after Avaiting un til dark, the men Avithdrew, some reaching Moravian Falls that night. These met the others at "Squire" Hubbard's next morning. In retreating under the severe fire from the fort, the men Avere compelled to leaAre the bodies of Linney and BroAvn. Wade's men afterAvards buried them near the fort. These men returned to Alexander County and raised a large company, a strong force having been brought from Ire dell County under the command of Wallace Sharpe. On Wednesday the force started towards Fort Hamby. After crossing Cove's Gap, a courier was sent back to Iredell County to request Captain CoAvan to raise a company and come to their assistance ; also, another courier Avas sent to Statesville to an encampment of Federal soldiers to inform them of the condition of things and to ask their assistance. Before reaching Moravian Falls, they received a message from Wade saying, "Come on ; I am looking for you ; I can Avhip a thousand of you." It Avas dark AA'hen Holman's Ford Avas reached. Some one in the Avoods before the company ordered them to halt. The men thought that the order was from some of Wade's band and were about to fire upon them, AA'hen it was found out that this was a company from Caldwell County, under the command of Captain Isaac Oxford, on the same mission. They had encamped near the ford and had A Battle After the War. 293 thrown out their sentinels. The two companies camped together that night, and next morning marched up the river and crossed at a small ford. They came to the house of Mr. Talbert, who lived on the public road, and there they found a woman dying. She had been shot the day before by the men from the fort, while she and her husband Avere coming to the ford in a wagon on the opposite side of the river from the fort ¦ — nearly a mile distant. Mr. Talbert begged the men to return, telling them that Wade Avas expecting them, and had sent for reinforcements. He told them that it was impossible to dislodge him, and to make an attempt and fail would make it worse for the people. Captain R. M. Sharpe, of Alexander County, assumed command of both companies, numbering several hundred men. W. R, GAvaltney was sent with a small body of men to reach a high hill, overlooking a creek (Lenoir's Fork), and to remain there whole all the others marched around to the north and east of the fort. Gwaltney's men were to be noti fied by the firing of a gun, when the main body had reached their position. One or two men were seen to escape from the fort before it could be surrounded. They were fired at, but escaped. The supposition was that they had gone to get re inforcements from the other band. The companies had left their encampment before day and by daybreak the fort was surrounded, the men being placed about tvrenty steps apart. The soldiers kept up the fire on the fort during the day and night. Wade's men returned the fire, shooting with great accuracy. The soldiers were compelled to keep behind logs and trees, or out of range of the guns. It seemed impossible to take the fort. "Some of the bravest men Avere in favor of giving it up, Avhile others said death Avas preferable to being run over by such devils." One old A-eteran, James Harvey Connolly, Avas heard to re mark, "Well my interest in heaven may not be much, but such as it is I Avould be Avilling to give it all for a piece of ar tillery one hour." Thursday morning just before daylight, Wallace Sharpe and two others approached a small house near the log fort, under cover of the night, and Sharpe set fire to it. Wade and his croAvd begged for terms. Sharpe in vig- 294 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. orous language, informed them that the death of our young heroes, Clarke, Henly, Linney and BroAvn must be avenged. As the flames of this out house began to ascend, all the men surrounding the fort began to rush up. Wade made a rush toAvards the riArer, through a body of Caldwell men, who opened fire on him, but as it was yet a little dark, he escaped. Four men Avere captured, Beck, Church, Lockwood, and one Avhose name cannot be ascertained. The flames which had caught the fort Avere extinguished, and in the house was found property of almost every description. Five ladies' dresses and bonnets had been taken for the dissolute Avomen who occupied the house. About tAventy horses were found stabled near the fort. Some of the property was restored to the owners. The men.Avho were captured plead for a trial according to the course and practice of the courts. They were informed that they Avould be disposed of as summarily as they had disposed of Clark, Henley, Btoavu and Linney. Stakes were put up, and on the Avay to the place of execution they were given time to pray. They knelt doAvn to pray, but the prayer was, "O, men, spare us." Wallace Sharpe replied : "Men, pray to God ; don't pray to us. He alone can save you." Captain Sharpe requested W. R. GAvaltney to pray, but he replied that he neArer felt as little like praying in his life. Captain Isaac Oxford said, "If you will hold my gun I will pray;" but instead of praying for the men, he thanked God that they Avere to be brought to justice and that none of the party had been killed. After this Rev. W. R. GAvaltney offered an earnest prayer for them, and then they were shot, "as nearly in strict conformity to military usage as these old Confederate soldiers, under the excitement of the occasion, could conform to." After the prisoners Avere shot, the fort Avas set on fire. When the flames reached the cellar, the firing of guns was like a hot skirmish. Wade's men had stored aAvay a great many loaded guns, and a large quantity of ammunition. Wade was seen in the vicinity several days after. He claimed to have been a Major in Stoneman's command and a native of Michigan. He said that he had escaped to the Yad kin river from the fort and had hid under the banks until A Battle After the War. 295 night; that in searching for him the soldiers had frequently come within six feet of him. On the way back to Alexander County Captain Cowan, from Iredell, Avas met with a small body of men on their Avay to Fort Hamby. Also a company of Federal troops, then stationed in Statesville, were met on their Avay to the fort. They were told Avhat had been done. The Captain ordered three cheers, which the men gave with a good will. The bodies of Linney andBrown Avere brought back home for final burial. Though all the desperadoes were not brought to justice, this completely broke up their depredations. The most startling thing about the Avhole tragedy is this: Major Bingham attacked the robbers and lost two young heroes eleven days before the fort was taken and four of the robbers shot. It seems almost incredible that such a band of robbers should be permitted to plunder a county Avhere 700 men able to wear an helmet, and of sufficient courage to assail any foe, had their homes. The writer inquired of Col onel FloAvers a f eAV days since how he was armed. "I had a small pistol," said he. So had I. We had no guns of any value to use upon such a fort, such a strong log Avail. The rifles of the robbers Avere the very best then used in the Fed eral army. The writer has one of them taken from the fort from the robbers Ave shot. It shoots with accuracy 1000 yards and the lock to-day appears to be as strong as when first made. The gun weighs ten pounds. The destruction of the band of robbers Avas at great sacrifice indeed. It put an end to plunder and insult of our people, but the loss of the lives of four of the gallant youths that had survived the war was a dear price to pay for it. Romulus Z. Linney. Taylorsville, N. C, 14 May, 1901. N. C. in The Navy. CO/^PEDERATE VESSELS IN N. C. 30 APRIL, 1664. INLAND WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA UNDER COMMANDER R. F. PINKNEY. Albemarle, — Iron-clad sloop, tAvo guns, Commander J. W. Cooke. Neuse*, — Iron-clad sloop, two guns, First Lieutenant B. P. Loyall. CAFE FEAR RIVER, UNDER FLAG OFFICER W. F. LYNCH. North Carolina, — Iron-clad sloop, four guns, Commander W. L. Maury. Raleigh, — Iron-clad sloop, four guns, First Lieutenant J. Pembroke Jones. Arctic, — Floating battery, three guns, First Lieutenant C. B. Poin dexter. Yadkin, — Steam gun-boat, one gun, First Lieutenant W. A. Kerr. Tavo torpedo boats at Wilmington under construction. (9 Off. Rec. Union and Confed. Navies, 809.) *Later the Nen»e was commanded by Commander Joseph Price, a na tive North Carolinian who distinguished himself in the capture of the Water- Witch in Ossabaw Sound, 3 June, 1864, for which he received his promotion to Commander. — Ed. NAVAL {(ROUP. 1. .1. W.jCooke, Captain. 2. John Newland Alaffltt, Commander. 3. James Iredell AVaddell, 1st Lieut , Commanding the " Shenandoah. 4. James Knight Wood, Sailor, on Gunboat " North Carolina." 5. Gilbert Elliott. Builder of the " Albemarle." flORTH CAROLINA NAVY. By ADAM TREDWELL, Acting Paymaster N. C. Navy, Assistant Paymaster Confederate States Navy. The State of Xorth Carolina, more than a month (14 and 15 April) before passing the ordinance of secession, took possession of the forts at Beaufort and below Wilmington and immediately after its passage began the defences of her inland sounds by the construction of forts at Hatteras and Ocracoke Inlets, and by the purchase of several small steam ers, which were converted into gun-boats. After the ordi nance of secession Avas passed, her sons, who were in the United States Xavy, tendered their resignations, and placed their services at the disposal of their native State, prominent among them was William T. Muse, Avho was or dered by the Xaval and Military Board, of which Warren WinsloAv Avas Secretary, to Norfolk, Va., to take charge of, and fit out, as gun-boats at the navy yard at Norfolk, the steamers purchased by the State. The first of them to be placed in commission Avas the Wins- low, formerly the J. E. Coffee, a side-Avheel steamer, plying between Xorfolk, Virginia, and the eastern shore of Vir ginia, under command of Captain Patrick McCarrick. When the Coffee was purchased by the State of Xorth Carolina, Captain McCarrick was commissioned a Master in the Xorth Carolina Xavy, and remained attached to her until she Avas sunk in Ocracoke Inlet in Xovember, 1861. She mounted one short 32-pounder, and was commanded by Lieutenant Thomas M. Crossan, formerly of the United States Xavy. Acting under orders he proceeded to Pamlico Sound, X. C. Upon the outside of Hatteras and Ocracoke Inlets he preyed on the commerce of the Xorth, and captured a number of ves sels loaded with different kinds of merchandise. From the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies, Series 1, Volume 1, the names of the following vessels are given: Brig Itasca, brig William McGilvery, schooners Seawitch, 300 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Henry Nutt, Nathaniel Chase, Herbert Manton, Transit, and brig Hannah Batch. Mr. Jas. W. McCarrick, of Xor folk, Va., who was a master's mate in the Xorth Carolina Xavy, attached to the steamer Winslow, says "that the brig Hannah Batch when captured, was in charge of a prize crew, commanded by Past Midshipman Kautz, uoav a Rear Ad miral in the United States Xavy. This brig loaded with sugar and molasses, had been captured by a Federal vessel, while attempting to enter harbor at Savannah, Ga., and put in charge of the prize crew." The vessels captured were sent to XeAv Bern, X. C, where they Avere condemned as prizes. The State of Xorth Carolina paid the officers and creAv of the Winslow full prize money. The next steamer sent out Avas the Beaufort, mounting one long 32-pounder, commanded by Lieutenant W. C. Duvall. On 9 July hoisted ensign, and put the Beaufort in commis sion, after taking on poAvder and other equipment, proceeded under orders to her station in Pamlico Sound. "On 21 July when off Oregon Inlet Lieutenant Duvall reports the first naval engagement with the Federal forces. The Federal ves sel Avas a large three-masted propeller, carrying a battery of eight guns, one rifle cannon forward and aft, working on pivots, position taken by this vessel Avas not over l1^ miles from the Beaufort, from AA'here she opened fire across a narrow strip of land. Her shots Avere replied to by the Beaufort; firing Avas kept up as long as the gun could be elevated suf ficient to graze the sand hill. The enemy not fancying the shots, Avithdrew behind the high sand hills, Avhere she Avas out of range. On 30 July, came to anchor opposite Island of Portsmouth." The steamer Raleigh Avas next fitted out, mounting one 32- pounder. July 22 Lieutenant Commanding J. W. Alexan der Avas ordered to command her. The Ellis, mounting one 32-pounder, commanded by Com mander W. T. Muse, sailed from Xorfolk 2 August, 1861, arriving off Ocracoke Inlet the 4th. The capture of these vessels by the Winslow produced an outcry from the commercial circles of the Xorth, Avhich no doubt called the attention of the naval authorities to the ne- North Carolina Navy. 301 cessity of blocking the inlets leading into the Xorth Carolina sounds. In the early part of the Summer of 1861, the naval author ities of the Xorth, seeing the advantage of taking possession of these inland Avaters of Xorth Carolina, commenced the preparation of a naval expedition, and the Avork had so far progressed as to enable the expedition to sail on 26 August. The expedition consisted of the frigate Minnesota, flagship of Flag Officer Stringham; steam frigate Wabash, steamers Monticello, Pawnee and Harriet Lane. The army accom panying this expedition Avas in command of General B. F. Butler. On the 28th the frigates Cumberland and Susque- hana joined the fleet, and Avith the Wabash, opened fire on Fort Clark, which Avas abandoned 28 August, after standing the bombardment tAvo and a half hours, the garrison falling back to Fort Hatteras. Early in the morning of the 28th, neAvs reaching Ocracoke Inlet of the attack on forts at Hatteras, Commander Muse immediately made preparations for embarking the troops sta tioned on the. Island of Portsmouth (being part of Se\7en- teenth Regiment, X. C. T. ) taking on his vessel Captain Sharp's company. Remainder of the troops Avere taken on board of schooner in tow of steamer. The Ellis weighed anchor about 11 o'clock a. m. Commander Muse proceed ing Avith all dispatch to the assistance of the forts, arriving early in the afternoon of the 28th. After landing Captain Sharp's company, assisted in landing the troops from the ves sel, and ammunition from the Winslow just arrived, Com mander Muse having sent ashore all of the ammunition he could spare from his ship. All of this work Avas accom plished under direct fire from the Federal fleet, Avithout any damage being done. Flag officer Barron, Avho Avas in com mand of the naval forces, arrived on the Winsloiv. Imme diately after his arrival, Flag Officer Barron landed, and went into Fort Hatteras, "Avhen at the request of the com manding officer, Major W. S. G. Andrews, he assumed com mand, Colonel Martin, of the Seventeenth Xorth Carolina, being completely exhausted from his previous day's fighting." 302 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. See Flag Officer Barron's report, Union and Confed. Navies, Series 1, Vol. 6, page 139. During the night of the 28th, Lieutenant W. H. Mur- daugh, formerly of the United States Xavy, and Lieutenant William Sharp, formerly of the United States Xavy, with Midshipman Stafford, of the Ellis, landed and Avent into the fort and took charge of gun Xo. 8, Avhich Avas mounted on a navy gun carriage. Early in the morning of the 29th the Federal fleet opened fire on the fort, and kept up an inces sant fire, throAving 9, 10 and 11 inch shells. From the posi tion taken by the Xorthern fleet the guns from Fort Hatteras Avere unable to reach them. After standing the heavy fire from the ship for more than three hours, the commanding officer, seeing that to hold out longer Avould only entail heavy loss of life, Avithout his being able to inflict any damage to the enemy, Avisely decided to surrender, and about noon, hoisted a Avhite flag. In the meantime the officers and men, Avho succeeded in getting out of the fort, Avere taken aboard the Winslow, commanded by Commander Arthur Sinclair, who had succeeded Lieutenant T. M. Crossan, among them Lieutenant Murdaugh, Avho had his left arm shattered during the bombardment. After the surrender of Fort Hatteras, the Harriet Lane, in attempting to cross the Inlet, grounded, and remained ashore several days. Flag Officer Stringham, in his report, Union and Confed. Navies, Scries 1, Vol 6, page 122, says "that General Butler, on the steamer Fanny, Avent into the inlet to the rear of the forts to take possesion, and about 2:30 p. m., returned to the flagship, bringing Avith him three senior officers, viz. : Sam uel Barron, Flag Officer C. S. X, commanding naval defences of Xorth Carolina and Virginia ; William F. Martin, Colo nel of the Seventh Regiment Xorth Carolina Volunteers; Major W. S. G. Andrews, commanding Forts Hatteras and Clark. The officers and troops captured Avere carried Xorth on the flagship Minnesota." See Commander Rowan's let ter to Warren WinsloAv, Esq., Military Secretary, same vol ume at page 155. The Ellis returned to the Island of Portsmouth, and taking on board the officers' wives and other families sojourn- North Caeolina Navy. 303 ing there, proceeded to Washington, Xorth Carolina, arriv ing there on the afternoon of the 30th. The Winsloiv and other ships Avere ordered to Xew Bern, X. C. Flag Officer Wm. F. Lynch having been ordered to com mand the naval defences of Xorth Carolina and Virginia, ordered Commander Muse to keep close Avatch from the mouth of the Pamlico river. Similar orders were given to Lieutenant Commander W. H. Parker, commanding the Beaufort, to keep a lookout from the mouth of the Xeuse river. On 29 October the Ellis left Pamlico Point for Xew Bern. On the 30th Lieutenant-Commander J. W. Cooke took command of the Ellis, Commander Muse being ordered to the command of the naAral station at Wilmington, when the propeller, Uncle Ben, Avas fitted out as a gun-boat, and sta tioned inside of XeAv Inlet. The Uncle Ben, as I remember, was turned over to the Confederate Government by the State of Xorth Carolina. The A-essels under Flag Officer Lynch Avere assembled in the sounds of Xorth Carolina, where he cruised to intercept any steamer that might be found in the sounds. "On the afternoon of 1 October, the Federal steamer Fanny, mounting two rifled cannon and loaded with ammu nition and supplies for the Federal forces at Loggerhead In let, Avas sighted. After an engagement with the Curlew, Raleigh and Junaluski, lasting fifty-five minutes, the Fanny surrendered." See Colonel Wright's report, Union and Con fed. Navies, Series 1, Vol. 6, page 278. This was the first naval success in Xorth Carolina, and the first capture made of an armed vessel of the enemy. I am indebted to Mr. James W. McCarrick, of Xorfolk, who Avas a master's mate in the Xorth Carolina Xavy, for the following, in reference to the saving of the officers and crew of the French corvette Proney : "On 4 Xovember, 1861, the French Corvette Proney, Com mander DeFontanges, was wrecked at Ocracoke Inlet. The steamer Winslow, Master Patrick McCarrick, commanding, 304 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. went to their assistance, and coming into Ocracoke Inlet, she struck on the Avreck of a sunken vessel and Avas sunk. The officers and creAv of the Proney and Winslow were taken off by the Curlew, Lieutenant-Commander Thomas T. Hunter, Avithout the loss of a man. Commander DeFontanges and his officers were carried to Xorfolk, where they were cordially and hospitably received by the naval officers and citizens. The French Vice Consul, Leon Schisano, of Xorfolk, Va., formally thanked Master McCarrick, his officers and creAv for the rescue." The land and naval fight at Roanoke Island took place on 7 and 8 February, 1862, the odds being greatly against the Confederate forces. The fleet under Commodore Lynch was composed of eight small steamers and one schooner, each steamer being mounted Avith one 32-pounder and the schooner Avith two 32-pounders. The foUoAving are the names of the vessels: The Seabird (Commodore Lynch's flagship), Lieu tenant-Commanding Patrick McCarrick; Curlew, Lieuten ant-Commander Thomas T. Hunter ; Ellis, Lieutenant-Com mander J. W. Cooke ; Appomattox, Lieutenant-Commander C. C. Simms ; Beaufort, Lieutenant-Commander W. H. Par ker ; Raleigh, Lieutenant-Commander J. W. Alexander ; Fanny, Midshipman Commanding Taylor; Forest, Lieuten ant-Commanding James L. Hoole ; and the schooner Black Warrior, Lieutenant Harris. The enemy's fleet consisted of about thirty gun-boats mounted with guns of 9, 10 and 11- inch calibre. The fight lasted through the entire day. All of the ammunition of the fleet having been exhausted, at night Commodore Lynch called a consultation of his officers, when it was decided to fall back to Elizabeth City, Avhich Avas done during the night, arriving there on the morning of the 8th, when Commodore Lynch sent express to Xorfolk for more ammunition, AAdiich he received the next day. On the morning of the 10th the fleet, under Commodore RoAvan, reneAved the fight off Elizabeth City, X. C, when after a desperate resistance all of the vessels Avere either cap tured or sunk, AA'ith the exception of the Raleigh and Beau fort, Avhich escaped, passing through the canal, arriving in Xorth Carolina Navy. 305 safety at Xorfolk, where they were heard from again in the naval engagement in Hampton Roads between the United States ships and the Confederate States iron-clad Virginia. The Beaufort at this time Avas in command of Lieutenant William Sharp, Avho Avas captured at the fall of Hatteras, but AA-ho in the meantime had been exchanged. I here append the official reports of Flag Officer W. F. Lynch and Lieutenant-Commander J. W. Cooke. Report of Flag Officer Lynch, C. S. Xavy, Command ing Xav.vl Defences of North Carolina and Virginia. (Official Records Union and Confed. Navies, Series 1, Vol. 6, Page, 591)..) "Petersburg, Va., 18 February, 1862. "Sir: — I have the honor to report that the enemy on the 7th instant, at 10 :30 a. m., made an attack upon the squadron under my command and the battery at Pork Point, Roanoke Island. His force consisted of from 80 to 100 sail, of which 22 heavy steamers and one tug constituted the attacking force. This last division Avas again subdivided, one portion assailing us and the other the battery; but Avhenever Ave approached too near, the fire of the whole, except two or three close in shore, would be concentrated upon us. As his force Avas overwhelming, we commenced the action at long range, but as our shells fell short, Avhilst his burst over and around us, we Avere eventually compelled to lessen the distance. "The fight lasted continuously until 5 p. m., when the en emy AvithdreAV for the night. The soldiers in the battery sus tained their position under a terrific fire Avith a gallantry AAdiich Avon our warmest admiration. At times the entire battery Avould be enveloped in the sand and dust thrown up by shot and shell, and yet the casualties Avere only one man killed and three Avounded. The earthwork, however, was very much cut up, but doubtless repaired during the night. I deem it proper to say thus much of the battery, because, in all probability, this communication will reach you before in telligence is received from the appropriate official source. "Repeatedly in the course of the day I feared that our 20 306 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. little squadron of seven vessels would be utterly demolished, but a merciful Providence preserved us. Master-Command ing Hoole, of the Forrest, received a AA'ound in the head which was at first pronounced serious, if not mortal, but I trust that this promising young officer, avIio so bravely fought his ship, will be spared to the service. Midshipman Camm, acting as executive officer of the Ellis, had his left arm shot off, and the right arm of Seaman Ely, of the Curlew, Avas fractured. These, Avith three others slightly Avounded, constitute the sum of our personal casualties. Our physical ones Avere seri ous. About 2 :30 p. m., a heavy shell perforated the deck of the Curlew, passed through the magazine, and, driving out one of the iron plates, of Avhich her bottom consists, caused her to fill so rapidly as to make it necessary to run toward the shore, near Avhich she sank. About the same time the Forrest Avas disabled by the displacement of her propeller. We received other injuries from shot and shell (one of the latter passing through the flagship, but above the water line), but none of a serious character. "With the exception of the vessels named, Ave could have been prepared for action the ensuing day, if Ave only had ammunition, but I had not one charge of powder nor a loaded shell remaining, and feAV of the other vessels were better off. In common prudence, I should, perhaps, have reserved some for contingencies, but the battery Avas so sorely pressed that I felt bound to annoy its assailants as much as possible. During the latter part of the engagement, Avhen our ammuni tion Avas nearly exhausted, I sent to the upper battery for a supply, but ten charges Avere all that could be spared. "While recovering the rifled gun, and other articles of value from the Avreck of the Curlew, I sent Lieutenant-Com manding Parker with the Beaufort, to the upper battery Avith a note for the commanding officer on the island, informing him of our shortness of ammunition and of my intention to proceed to Elizabeth City, thirty-five miles distant, for a sup ply, and return immediately. "I felt sure that Pork Point Battery could hold out, and earnestly hoped that, profiting by the mistake at Hatteras, the enemy, aa'Iio had landed on a point of marsh, Avould be at- North Carolina Navy. 307 tacked and defeated during the night. With this conviction and in this hope, Avith the Forrest in tow, I proceeded Avith my little squadron to Elizabeth City for ammunition, but finding only a small quantity there, dispatched Commander Hunter express to Xorfolk for it. "There Avere reasons for retiring on Xorfolk, had I knoAvn that very little ammunition could be procured at Elizabeth City. Biit eAren had I known it, the desertion of that tOAvn, situated near the head of the Dismal SAvamp Canal, Avould have been unseemly and discouraging, more particularly as I had urged the inhabitants to defend it to the last extremity. "In the conflict of the 7th instant Commander Hunter, Lieutenants-Commanding Cooke, Parker and Alexander, and Masters-Commanding McCarrick, Tayloe, Hoole and Harris braA-ely sustained the credit of the service, and the other officers and most of the crews of the vessels Avere scarce less zealous than their commanders. To Commander Hunter and Lieutenants-Commanding Cooke and Parker I am par ticularly indebted. ''Lieutenant-Commanding Simms Avas absent on detached service, and only returned at the close of the conflict, but ex hibited such an eagerness to participate as to give assurance that if gratified he Avould ha\re upheld his high reputation. "Having procured fuel and ammunition sufficient for two steamers, I left Elizabeth City in the Seabird, Avith the Ap pomattox in company, on the 9th instant for Roanoke Island Avith the purpose of rendering what assistance Ave could. At the mouth of the river Ave met a boat, from Avhich Ave learned that our forces on the island had capitulated. We then con tinued on in the hope of rescuing the men stationed at the Croatan floating battery, but were forced to retire upon the appearance of a division of the enemy's fleet, steering to ward the river. "Immediately upon our return I sent an express to Gen eral Henningsen and distributed the ammunition between the Seabird, Ellis, Appomattox, Beaufort, Fanny and the schooner Black Warrior, the gun-boats forming in line of bat tle abreast across the river, a little above the fort, and the schooner moored parallel Avith and close to the eastern shore, 308 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. opposite to Cobb's Point Battery, the latter consisting of four smooth-bore 32-pounders. The Curleiu our largest steamer, had been sunk during the engagement off Roanoke Island; the Forrest was on the Avays in Elizabeth City, un- dergoing repairs, and the Raleigh I had the day before sent up the canal to expedite forwarding ammunition from Nor* folk. Shortly after daylight on the 10th the enemy ap peared in sight, and it was reported by the lookout that he was landing troops beloAv. I immediately Avent to the bat tery to arrange for its defence, and found it ungarrisoned, in charge of a civilian and seven militiamen. As the bat tery was our principal reliance, and the enemy must pass it before reaching the gunboats, I determined to defend it in person, and sent for Lieutenant-Commanding Parker, of the Beaufort, to bring on shore his ammunition, officers and crew, leaving only sufficient of the latter to take that vessel up to the canal. We at first manned three of the guns Avith the aid of the militiamen, but they speedily deserted, and Ave fought with only tAvo 32-pounders. The enemy advanced very boldly and, contrary to my expectation, instead of tak ing position as he did at Roanoke Island for the purpose of shelling out the battery, he continued to press on; in one hour and five minutes succeeded in passing it, and, Avith full complements of men, closed upon our half -manned gun-boats. "The commanders of the latter Avere instructed, Avhen their ammunition failed, to escape with their vessels if they could ; if not, to run into shoal water, destrov the signal books, set fire to the vessels and save their creAvs. "The Appomattox succeeded in making 'her escape; the Seabird Avas sunk in the action ; the Ellis Avas overpowered and captured, and the Fanny ran aground and Avas set on fire by her commander, avIio brought her crew safely ashore. "By the capture or destruction of the gun-boats the enemy gained positions to enfilade the battery (the guns of Avhich could no longer be brought to bear), bringing the magazine in their line of fire, and as further resistance Avould have availed nothing, the tOAvn being at their mercy, the guns of the battery Avere carefully spiked and the officers and men deliberately withdrawn. North Carolina Navy. 309 "The Forrest, in obedience to my orders, Avas burned by her officers before leaving Elizabeth City; the Ellis was cap tured ; the Beaufort, Raleigh and Appomattox escaped ; the Fanny Avas set on fire and bleAv up ; and the flagship was sunk, so that of our little squadron of gun-boats, the Ellis (next to the Forrest the most indifferent one) alone fell into the hands of the enemy. ' Of casualties, I regret to say that Acting Midshipman Jackson and one seaman of the Ellis, and Seamen Ballance and Bragg, of the Sea Bird, were killed and one seaman of the Ellis and Third Assistant Engineer Henderson and four seamen of the Sea Bird Avere wounded. "The officers exhibited great gallantry, but were not uni versally sustained by their men, for some of them, being raw recruits, shrank from a hand-to-hand encounter with a greatly superior force. Until better informed, I cannot par ticularize the conduct of the officers afloat, but Avill do them full justice in a future communication. "Lieutenant-Commanding Parker, Acting Master John son, and Acting Midshipmen Gardner and Mallory Avere Avith me in the battery, and by cool intrepidity sustained the con fidence I placed in them. To Lieutenant-Commanding Par ker I am specially indebted, as Avell for his brave deportment in battle as for the judicious manner he conducted upward of fifty officers and men from Elizabeth City to Xorfolk. Mr. Hinrick, the civilian AA'hom Ave found in charge of the bat tery, stood by us to the last, and deserves to be gratefully re membered. "Wm. F. Lynch, "Flag Officer, Commanding Xaval Defences of Xorth Caro- lina and Virginia. "Hon. S. R. Mallory, Secretary of the Navy, Richmond." Report of Lieutenant Cooke, C. S. Xavy, Commanding C. S. S. Ellis. (Official Records Union and Confed. Navies, Series 1, Vol. 6, Page 597.) "Warrenton, X. C, 16 April, 1862. "Sir : — In consequence of being wounded in my right arm, and unable to write, I have until now deferred making out to 310 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. you my official report of the engagements of the 8th (7th) and 11th (10th) of February. "That of the 8th (7th), at Roanoke Island, commenced about 10 :30 a. m., at long range. At 2 p. m., finding all of my ammunition expended, I obtained your permission to be supplied from the Forrest. As I procured that, she had dropped out of the enemy's range in a crippled condition. I very soon expended all that she had, and soon after the Cur lew becoming disabled and in a sinking condition, I was again supplied from her, and renewed the attack. At about 4:30 p. m., as Ave Avere retiring from the engagement, the firing having generally ceased, Midshipman Camm, the sec ond in command, had his left arm taken off just beloAv the shoulder by a Parrott shell. He had fired his eighty-fourth round Avhen Avounded, and I can not speak too highly of this efficient and meritorious officer, Avho had bravely performed his duty throughout the action. I then, by your order, went to the assistance of the Curlew to remove ordnance and ord nance stores, etc., to the schooner Black Warrior, for the pur pose of falling back to Elizabeth City, AA'here Ave arrived on Saturday morning, and Avhere Ave Avere attacked on Monday, the 11th (10th), by the Federal gun-boats by an overAA'helm- ing and overpoAvering force. In consequence of the Avidth of the river, the enemy Avere enabled to run doAvn upon us Avith his entire force, numbering, I think, fourteen gun-boats, any one of Avhich Avas superior to ours, and of a heavier metal. Being surrounded and boarded by tavo of the enemy's vessels, and haAung made every possible effort to resistance, and see ing that further resistance Avas useless, I gave the order to bloAV the A'essel up, Avhich Avas prevented by one of my negro coal heavers discovering it and betraying it to the enemy. I also gave the order for the men to save themselves, if possible, Ave being very near the shore, one of the gun's crew being killed and several Avounded. The rest left the vessel, and, in endeavoring to make their Avay to the shore, Midshipman Jackson, the second in command (av1io came on board in the place of Mr. Camm), Avas Avounded, and died in tAventy hours on board one of the Federal vessels. Several of the North Carolina Navy. 311 men Avere also Avounded in the Avater, one, I believe, mortally, William Walker, ordinary seaman. "Midshipman Jackson Avas a meritorious and promising officer, and the country has sustained a loss in his death. "I must here speak of the efficient services of Mr. Knight (rated as fireman, but performing the duties of boatswain, gunner, and watch officer) ; Mr. Mayo, the pilot ; also Mr. Bagley, the clerk, and the creAv, all of whom performed their respective duties Avith promptness and efficiency. "After the surrender, I am sorry to say, that the two negro coal heavers and the steAvard, as also one or two of the men from the Sea Bird, deserted to the enemy, Avhen called upon in my presence to take their parole. "Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "J. W. Cooke, "Lieutenant Commanding Ellis. "Flag Officer W. F. Lynch, Commanding Virginia and Xorth Carolina Xaval Defences." Commander John X. Maffitt, C. S. X., in his reminiscences (published in United Service Magazine, 1880), writ ing of the engagement in Albemarle Sound and Elizabeth City, says in reference to the steamer Ellis, as follows : "The Ellis, commanded by James W. Cooke, resisted to the bitter end. Boarders SAvarmed on board of her, and were met, cutlass in hand, by the dauntless captain who, though badly Avounded by a musket ball and by a thrust from a bay onet, fought with the fierceness of a tiger, refusing to sur render or haul cIoavii his flag. "OverpoAvered by numbers he Avas borne to the deck, and Avould have been slaughtered on the spot, but for the generous interference of an old associate, Avho caused him to be safely conveyed to Commodore Rowan's flagship, Avhere extreme kindness Avas extended. "The naval battles in Albemarle Sound and off Elizabeth City reflected much credit upon the personal courage of all the Confederate officers therein engaged. With mere abor tions for gun-boats, badly armed and spare of ammunition, 312 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. they confronted without hesitation the well-equipped and powerful vessels of the Xorth." The officers and crew of the Ellis and Sea Bird captured at Elizabeth City on 10 February, were taken to Roanoke Island and there on the 12th were released on parole and allowed to return to their homes to remain until exchanged. Commander W. T. Muse, the first commander of the Ellis, was born in Pasquotank county, X. C, and entered the ser vice of the United States Xavy as midshipman. He resigned on the secession of his native State, having attained to the rank of Commander. J . \V. Cooke, Avho succeeded Commander Muse in the Ellis, was born at Beaufort, X. C, and entered the United States Xavy as a midshipman. After being exchanged he was sent to Edward's Ferry, on the Roanoke river, to superintend the building by Gilbert Elliott, of the iron-clad Albemarle, and Avhich vessel he afterwards commanded and fought Avith such gallantry at Plymouth, X. C. Thomas M. Crossan was of Xorthern birth, but having married a lady from Xorth Carolina, on the secession of the State he cast his fortunes Avith her, and noble service did he perform as the first commander of the MTinslow, and after wards as commander of the Xorth Carolina blockade-runner Ad-Vance, Avhich successfully ran the blockade a number of times, bringing in the much needed supplies for the Xorth Carolina troops in the fields. Master McCarrick, AA-ho succeeded Commander Crossan and Sinclair as commander of the steamer Winsloiv, Avas of Irish birth, lived in Xorfolk, and on the purchase of his ves sel by the State of Xorth Carolina, he entered her naATy as a master, and up to the day of his death Avas a great admirer of the Old Xorth State. Vice Consul Schisano's letter of thanks for assistance rendered the French Corvette Proney is still in possession of the McCarrick family. Lieutenant-Commander J. W. Alexander, formerly of the United States XaA'v, commander of the Raleigh, Avas born in Lincoln county, Xorth Carolina. He was captured off Sa vannah in 1S63, and taken to Fort Warren, whence he made North Carolina Navy. 313 a thrilling, but ineffectual, attempt to escape, an account of which is given by him in this work. In Avriting this sketch I have endeavored only to follow those boats Avhich composed the Xorth Carolina Xavy, and which the State turned over to the Confederate States Xavy. Adam' Tredwell. Norfolk, Va., 28 October, 1901. Note. — Captain Adam Tredwell was Secretary to Commodore Muse and Acting Paymaster in North Carolina Navy. In 1862 he was com missioned Assistant Paymaster in the Confederate States Navy and attached to the Staff of Commodore W. F Lynch and Commodore R F. Pinckney with headquarters at Wilmington, N. C. Since the war he has been and is now one of the most prominent business men of Norfolk. North Carolina's Navy consisted of the seven vessels first above named. She sold and transferred them to the Confederate Navv in the fall of 1861.— Ed. Addenda. Xo adequate Roster of the Xorth Carolinians, other than officers, serving in the Confederate Navy has been kept. In Moore's Roster, Vol. 4, p. 443-448 is an imperfect roll of the Xorth Carolina rank and file in XaAry service. In Vol. 4 of this Avork at page 402 is a scant reference to the Xorth Carolinians serving in the Xaval Battalion. Xo doubt, those in the Xavy formed a considerable part of the "3,100 men from this State serving in other commands and not borne on our rolls" which Avere reported by the Adjutant General 19 Xovember, 1864. Editor. — . *-.,---.--.._--_ Confederate States Ram Albemarle. Prepared Ironi authentic photographs and measurements of the origiual vessel. THE RAH ALBEMARLE." HER CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE. By Her Builder, GILBERT ELLIOTT,* Adjutant 17th N. C. T. During the Spring of 1863, having been previously en gaged in unsuccessful efforts to construct war vessels, of one sort or another, for the Confederate Government, at different points in Eastern Xorth Carolina and Virginia, I undertook a contract with the Xavy Department to build an iron-clad gun-boat, intended, if ever completed, to operate on the waters of Albemarle and Bamlico Sounds. Edward's Ferry on the Roanoke river, in Halifax County, Xorth Carolina, about 30 miles beloAv the town of Weldon, was fixed upon as the most suitable for the purpose. The river rises and falls, as is well known, and it Avas necessary to locate the yard on ground suf ficiently free from overfloAv to admit of uninterrupted work for at least twelve months. Xo vessel was ever constructed under more adverse circumstances. The shipyard was es tablished in a corn field, where the ground had already been marked out and planted for the coming "crop, but the OAvner of the land, W. R. Smith, Esq., was in hearty sympathy with the enterprise, and aided me then and afterAvards, in a thou sand ways, to accomplish the end I had in vieAv. It was next to impossible to obtain machinery suitable for the work in hand. Here and there, scattered about the surrounding country, a portable saw mill, blacksmith's forge, or other ap paratus Avas found, however, and the citizens of the neighbor hoods on both sides of the river were not sIoav to render me Note. — Gilbert Elliott was born at Elizabeth City, 10 December, 1843, and hence was only 19 years of age when he undertook to build the Al bemarle After the war he practiced law in Norfolk, Va., St. Louis and New York. He was a brother of Captain ' harles G. Elliott. A. A. G., of the Martin-Kirkland brigade and of Warren G. Elliott, now President of the W. & W. R R. Company. He died at Staten Island. N Y.. 9 May, 189.5. This article appeared in the "Century" Magazine. July 1888 by whose kind permission it is reproduced here. — Ed. 316 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. assistance, but co-operated, cordially, in the completion of the iron-clad, and at the end of about one year from the laying of the keel, during which innumerable difficulties were over come by constant application, determined effort, and inces sant labor, day and night, success crowned the efforts of those engaged in the undertaking. Seizing an opportunity offered by comparatively high water, the boat was launched, though not without misgiv ings as to the result, for the yard being on a bluff she had to take a jump, and as a matter of fact was "hogged" in the at tempt, but to our great gratification did not thereby spring a leak. The plans and specifications Avere prepared by John L. Porter, Chief Constructor of the Confederate Xavy, who availed himself of the advantage gained by his experience in converting the frigate Merrimac into the iron-clad Virginia at the Gosport navy yard. The Albemarle was 152 feet long betAveen perpendiculars; her extreme Avidth was 45 feet ; her depth from the gun-deck to the keel was 9 feet, and Avhen launched she drew 6% ^eet of Avater, but after being ironed and completed her draught Avas about 8 feet. The keel Avas laid, and construction was commenced by bolting down, across the center, a piece of frame timber, which Avas of yelloAv pine, eight by ten inches. Another frame of the same size Avas then dovetailed into this, extending outAvardly at an agle of 45 degrees, forming the side, and at the outer end of this the frame for the shield was also doA-etailed, the angle being 35 degrees, and then the top deck Avas added, and so on around to the other end of the bot tom beam. Other beams Avere then bolted doAvn to the keel, and to the one first fastened, and so on, Avorking fore and aft, the main deck beams being interposed from stem to stern. The shield was 60 feet in length and octagonal in form. When this part of the Avork Avas completed she was a solid boat, built of pine frames, and if calked Avould have floated in that con dition, but she Avas aftenvards covered Avith 4-inch planking, laid on longitudinally, as ships are usually planked, and this Avas properly calked and pitched, cotton being used for calk ing instead of oakum, the latter being very scarce and the The Ram "Albemarle." 317 former almost the only article to be had in abundance. Much of the timber Avas hauled long distances. Three portable saAv mills Avere obtained, one of Avhich was located at the yard, the others being moved about from time to time to such grow ing timber as could be procured. The iron plating consisted of tAvo courses, 7 inches Avide and 2 inches thick, mostly rolled at the Tredegar Iron Works, Richmond. The first course Avas laid lengtlrwise, over a wooden backing, 16 inches in thickness, a 2-inch space, filled in Avith Avood, being left between each two layers to afford space for bolting the outer course through the AArhole shield, and the outer course Avas laid flush, forming a smooth surface, similar to that of the Virginia. The inner part of the shield was covered with a thin course of planking, nicely dressed, mainly with a view to protection from splinters. Oak knees Avere bolted in, to act as braces and supports for the shield. The armament consisted of two rifled "Brooke" guns mounted on pivot-carriages, each gun working through three port-holes, as occasion required, there being one port-hole at each end of the shield and two on each side. These Avere pro tected by iron covers loAvered and raised by a contrivance worked on the gun-deck. She had two propellers driven by two engines of 200-horse power, each, with 20-inch cylinders, steam being supplied by two flue boilers, and the shafting was geared together. The sides were covered from the knuckle, four feet beloAv the deck, with iron plates two inches thick. The prow was built of oak, running 18 feet back, on center keelson, and solidly bolted, and it was covered on the outside with iron plating, 2 inches thick, and, tapering off to a 4-inch edge, formed the ram. The work of putting on the armor Avas prosecuted for some time under the most disheartening circumstances, on account of the difficulty of drilling holes in the iron intended for her armor. But one small engine and drill could be had, and it required, at the best, twenty minutes to drill an inch and a quarter hole through the plates, and it looked as if Ave Avould never accomplish the task. But "necessity is the mother of invention," and one of my associates in the enterprise, Peter 318 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-65. E. Smith, of Scotland Xeck, Xorth Carolina, invented and made a tAvist-drill Avith Avhich the work of drilling a hole could be done in four minutes, the drill cutting out the iron in shavings instead of fine powder. For many reasons it was thought judicious to remove the boat to the toAvn of Halifax, about twenty miles up the river, and the Avork of completion, putting in her machinery, arma ment, etc., Avas done at that point, although the actual finish ing touches Avere not given until a feAV days before going into action at Plymouth. Forges were erected on her decks, and blacksmiths and car penters Avere kept hard at Avork as she floated doAvn the river to her destination. Captain James W. Cooke, of the Confederate Xavy, a na tive of Xorth Carolina, Avas detailed by the department to Avatch the construction of the vessel and to take command when she Avent into commission. He made every effort to hasten the completion of the boat. He was a bold and gallant officer, and in the battles in Avhich he subsequently engaged he proved himself a hero. Of him it was said that "he would fight a poAvder magazine with a coal of fire," and if such a necessity could by any possibility have existed he would, doubtless, have been equal to the occasion. In the Spring of 1864 it had been decided at headquarters that an attempt should be made to recapture the toAvn of Ply mouth. General Hoke Avas placed in command of the land forces, and Captain Cooke received orders to co-operate. Ac cordingly Hoke's Division proceeded to the vicinity of Ply mouth and surrounded the town from the river above to the river below, and preparation was made to storm the forts and breastAvorks as soon as the Albemarle could clear the river front of the Federal Avar vessels protecting the place with their guns. On the morning of 18 April, 1864, the Albemarle left the town of Hamilton and proceeded doAvn the river towards Ply mouth, going stern foremost, Avith chains dragging from the bo av, the rapidity of the current making it impracticable to steer with her head down stream. She came to anchor about three miles above Plymouth, and a mile or so above the bat- The Ram "Albemarle." 319 tery on the bluff at Warren's Xeck, near Thoroughfare Gap, where torpedoes, sunken vessels, piles, and other obstructions had been placed. An exploring expedition Avas sent out, un der command of one of the Lieutenants, Avhich returned in about two hours, with the report that it Avas considered impos sible to pass the obstruction. Thereupon the fires were banked, and the officers and creAv not on duty retired to rest. Having accompanied Captain Cooke as a volunteer aide, and feeling intensely dissatisfied Avith the apparent intention of lying at anchor all that night, and believing that it was "then or never" Avith the ram if she was to accomplish any thing, and that it would be foolhardy to attempt the passage of the obstructions and batteries in the day time, I requested permission to make a personal investigation. Captain Cooke cordially assenting, and Pilot John Luck and two of the few experienced seamen on board volunteering their services, we set forth in a small lifeboat, taking Avith us a long pole, and Arriving at the obstructions proceeded to take sounding. To our great joy it Avas ascertained that there was ten feet of water over and above the obstructions. This Avas due to the remarkable freshet then prevailing ; the proverbial "oldest in habitant" said, afterwards, that such high water had never before been seen in Roanoke river. Pushing on down the stream to Plymouth, and taking advantage of the shadow of the trees on the north side of the river, opposite the town, we watched the Federal transports taking on board the women and children Avho Avere being sent away for safety, on account of the approaching bombardment. With muffled oars, and almost afraid to breathe, we made our way back up the river, hugging close to the northern bank, and reached the ram about 1 o'clock, reporting to Captain Cooke that it was prac ticable to pass the obstructions provided the boat was kept in the middle of the stream. The indomitable commander in stantly aroused his men, gave the order to get up steam, slip ped the cables in his impatience to be off, and started doAvn the river. The obstructions Avere soon reached and safely passed, under a fire from the fort at Warren's Xeck which was not returned. Protected by the iron-clad shield, to those on board the noise made by the shot and shell as they struck 320 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the boat sounded no louder than pebbles thrown against an empty barrel. At Boyle's Mill, lower doAvn, there was an other fort upon which Avas mounted a very heavy gun. This was also safely passed, and Ave then discovered two steamers coming up the river. They proved to be the Miami and the Southfield. The Miami carried 6 9-inch guns, 1 100-pounder Parrott rifle, and 1 24-pounder S. B. howitzer, and the ferry boat Southfield 5 9-inch, 1 100-pounder Parrott and 1 12- pounder howitzer. The two ships were lashed together with long spars, and with chains festooned between them. The plan of Captain Flusser, who commanded, was to run his vessels so as to get the Albemarle between the two, which would have placed the ram at a great disadvantage, if not altogether at his mercy; but Pilot John Luck, acting under orders from Captain Cooke, ran the ram close to the southern shore ; and then sud denly turning toward the middle of the stream, and going with the current, the throttles, in obedience to his bell, being wide open, he dashed the proAv of the Albemarle into the side of the Southfield, making an opening large enough to carry her to the bottom in much less time than it takes to tell the story. Part of her crew went down with her. Of the of ficers and men of the Southfield, seven of the former, includ ing Acting Volunteer Lieutenant C. A. French, her com mander, and forty-tAvo of her men Avere rescued by the Miami and the other Union vessels ; the remainder were either cap tured or drowned. The chain-plates on the forward deck of the Albemarle be came entangled in the frame of the sinking vessel, and her bovp Avas carried down to such a depth that water poured into her port-holes in great volume, and she Avould soon have shared the fate of the Southfield, had not the latter vessel reached the bottom, and 'then, turning over on her side, re leased the ram, thus allowing her to come up on an even keel. The Miami, right alongside, had opened fire Avith her heavy guns, and so close Avere the vessels together'that a shell with a ten-second fuse, fired by Captain Flusser, after striking the Albemarle rebounded and exploded, killing the gallant man who pulled the laniard, tearing him almost to pieces. Xot- The Ram "Albemarle." 321 withstanding the death of Flusser, an attempt Avas made to board the ram, Avhich Avas heroically resisted by as many of the crew as could be crowded on the top deck, Avho Avere sup plied Avith loaded muskets passed up by their comrades below. The M ia m i, a powerful and very fast side-Avheeler, succeeded in eluding the Albemarle Avithout receiving a bloAv from her ram, and retired beloAv Plymouth, into Albemarle Sound. Captain Cooke having successfully carried out his part of the programme, General Hoke attacked the fortifications the next morning and carried them ; not, however, Avithout heavy loss, Ransom's Brigade alone leaving 500 dead and Avounded on the field, in their most heroic charge upon the breastAvorks protecting the eastern front of the town. General Wessells, commanding the Federal forces, made a gallant resistance, and surrendered only when further effort Avould have been Avorse than useless. During the attack the Albemarle held the river front, according to contract, and all day long poured shot and shell into the resisting forts Avith her two guns. On 5 May, 1861, Captain Cooke left the Roanoke river with the Albemarle and lavo tenders, the Bombshell and Cot ton Plant, and entered the Sound with the intention of recov ering, if possible, the control of the two Sounds, and ulti mately of Hatteras Inlet. He proceeded about sixteen miles on an east-northeasterly course, Avhen the Federal squadron, consisting of seven well-armed gun-boats, the Mattabesett, Sassacus, Wyalusing, Whitehead, Miami, Commodore Hull, and Ceres, all under the command of Captain Melancthon Smith, hove in sight, and at 2 o'clock that afternoon approach ed in double line of battle, the Mattabesett being in advance. They proceeded to surround the Albemarle, and hurled at her their heaA'iest shot, at distances averaging less than one hun dred yards. The Union fleet, as Ave noAv knoAv, had 32 guns and 23 howitzers, a total of 55. The Albemarle responded effectively, but her boats Avere soon shot away, her smoke stack Avas riddled, many iron plates in her shield Avere injured and broken, and the ¦ after-gun was broken off eighteen inches from the muzzle, and rendered useless. This terrible fire continued, Avithout intermission, until about 5 p. m., A\dien the commander of the double-ender Sassacus selected his op- 21 322 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. portunitv, and with all steam on struck the Albemarle squarely just abaft her starboard beam, causing every timber in the vicinity of the bloAv to groan, though none gave way. The pressure from the revolving Avheel of the Sassacus was so great that it forced the after deck of the ram several feet below the surface of the Avater, and created an impression on board that she Avas about to sink. Some of the creAv became demoralized, but the calm voice of the undismayed captain checked the incipient disorder, Avith the. command, "Stand to your guns, and if Ave must sink let us go down like brave men." The Albemarle soon recovered, and sent a shot at her as sailant which passed through one of the latter's boilers, the hissing steam disabling a number of the crew. Yet the disci pline of the Sassacus was such that, notwithstanding the nat ural consternation under these appalling circumstances, two of her guns continued to fire on the Albemarle until she drifted out of the arena of battle. Two of the fleet attempted to foul the propellers of the ram with a large fishing seine which they had previously procured for the purpose, but the line parted in paying it out. Then they tried to blow her up with a torpedo, but failed. Xo better success attended an effort to throAv a keg of gunpowder doAvn her smoke-stack, or Avhat was left of it, for it was riddled with holes from shot and shell. This smoke-stack had lost its capacity for draw ing, and the boat lay a helpless mass on the water. While in this condition eArery effort was made by her numerous ene mies to destroy her. The unequal conflict continued until night. Some of the Federal A'essels Avere more or less disa bled, and both sides were doubtless well content to draw off. Captain Cooke had on board a supply of bacon and lard, and this sort of fuel being available to burn Avithout draught from a smoke-stack, he was able to make sufficient steam to get the boat back to Plymouth, where she tied up to her wharf cov ered with wounds and with glory. The Albemarle in her different engagements was struck a great many times by shot and shell, the upper section alone of the smoke-stack has 114 holes made by shot and shell, and yet but one man lost his life, and that was caused by a pistol-shot The Ram "Albemarle." 323 from the Miami, the imprudent sailor haA'ing put his head out of one of the port-holes to see Avhat Avas going on outside. Captain Cooke Avas at once promoted and placed in com mand of all the Confederate naval forces in Eastern Xorth Carolina. The Albemarle remained tied to her Avharf at Plymouth until the night of 27 October, 1864, Avhen Lieuten ant William B. dishing, of the United States Xavy, per formed the daring feat of destroying her Avith a torpedo. Having procured a torpedo-boat so constructed as to be very fast, for a short distance, and Avith the exhaust steam so ar ranged as to be noiseless, he proceeded, with a creAv of four teen men, up the Roanoke river. Guards had been stationed by the Confederate military commander on the Avreck of the Southfield, AA'hose top deck Avas then above water, but they failed to see the boat. A boom of logs had been arranged around the Albemarle, distant about thirty feet from her side. Captain Cooke had planned and superintended the construc tion of this arrangement before giving up the command of the A'essel to Captain A. F. Warley. Gushing ran his boat up to these logs, and there, under a hot fire, loAvered and ex ploded the torpedo under the Albemarle's bottom, causing her to settle doAvn and finally to sink at the wharf. The torpedo- boat and creAv Avere captured ; but Cushing refusing to sur render, though tAvice called upon to do so, sprang into the river, dived to the bottom, and SAvam across to a SAvamp oppo site the tOAvn, thus making his escape ; and on the next night, after having experienced great suffering, Avandering through the SAvamp, he succeeded in obtaining a small canoe, and made his Avay back to the fleet. The river front being no longer protected, and no appli ances for raising the sunken vessel being available, on 31 Oc tober the Federal forces attacked and captured the town of Plymouth. The Albemarle Avas subsequently raised and toAved to the Xorfolk Xavy Yard, and after being stripped of her armament, machinery, etc., she was sold, 15 October, 1867. Gilbert Elliott. St. Louis, Mo., 20 April, 1888. CAPTURE OP THE UNDERWRITER" NEV BERN, 2 FEBRUARY, 1664. By B. P. LOYALL, Commander C. S. N. After the fall of Roanoke Island in the winter of 1862, the Federals had control of the sounds of Xorth Carolina, and of some of the rivers emptying into them. They had occupied all the towns situated on the water, and among them Xew Bern, Avhich lies at the confluence of the Xeuse and Trent rivers, occupying an angle between the two — a place easily defended by the power having control of the water. They had built strong earthworks on the land side, stretching from river to river, and had several gunboats cruising about to pro tect the place on the Avater side. Among these gunboats one was the Underwriter, which had been a heavy ocean tugboat at XeAv York, and, purchased by the United States Government, had been converted into quite a formidable vessel of war. She was the ship that fired the first gun in the attack upon Roanoke Island, where the writer had the misfortune to be captured, and it may be said there was something like the rule of compensation Avhen he had a hand in capturing her. She was armed Avith two 8-inch guns, one 3-inch rifle and one 12-pounder howitzer, and had a crew of about 85 all told. Picture to yourself a steamer about the size of the Northampton, Avith very Ioav guards and stripped of her sides or bulwarks, except a Avooden rail Avith rope net ting from that to her deck. The quiet possession of Xew Bern by the Federals had distressed and Avorried the patriotic people of Xorth Carolina, and General Hoke, than whom there was not a more competent or brilliant officer of his rank in the Confederate army, strongly advocated .a quick move ment upon the place by the army, assisted by the navy on the water, predicting certain success, and large reAvard in stores, munitions and prisoners. The matter took definite 326 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. shape in January, 1864, and it was decided to send Gen eral Pickett Avith as much of his division as might be availa ble to make the attempt. On Friday, 29 January, 1864, orders Avere received by the four ships lying at Drewry's Bluff, each to fit out a cutter fully armed for service on a secret expedition. Xo one in the squadron knew of our destination, except myself and Captain Parker, serving on the Patrick Henry, and Ave Avere ordered to take five days' rations. I Avas put in command of that part of the expedi tion, Avith confidential orders to report to Captain John Tay lor Wood (his naval rank) at Kinston, X. C. To escape notice as much as possible Ave pulled down James river to the Appomattox, and reached Petersburg before day light. There Avas a railway train waiting for us, and Ave hauled our boats out of the Avater, and, by hard work, loaded them on the flat cars before the people were up and about. We started off at once, and it Avas a novel sight to see a train like that — Jack sitting up on the seats of the boats and waving his hat to the astonished natiA^es, Avho never saw such a circus before. Many of them had neATer seen a boat. We reached Kinston on Sunday morning, and immediately got the boats in the Avater of the Xeuse river, dropped doAvn a short distance beloAv the A-illage and put things in shape for the trial of battle. Captain Wood met us at Kinston (AA'here Ave Avere joined by three boats fully armed from Wilmington, X. C. ) and took command of the expedition. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon Ave sliOA-ed off from the river bank and started doAvn for Xew Bern, which is about forty miles distant by the river. When Ave had gotten some tAvo miles beloAv the tOAvn orders were giAren for every man to put a band of white cotton cloth on the left arm, alxwe the elboAv, and the name "Sumpter" was given as the AvatchAvord. These precautions are necessary in a night attack, as there are no flags in sight to rally upon. Every man Avas armed with a cutlass and navy revolver. Before dark the Commander ordered all boats to assem ble together, and, as Ave floated doAvn the quiet stream, he of fered up the petitions from the prayer book to Almighty God Capture of the "Underwriter." 327 for those about to engage in battle. It Avas a solemn and im pressive scene — just as the shades of evening were falling — this unusual assemblage of armed men. Then, Avith muffled oars a single line Avas formed, and Ave pulled with measured stroke doAvn the stream. The river is narrow and full of turns, Avinding in and out, Avith Ioav sedgy banks. Here and there huge cypress and water oak trees, Avhich almost lock their heavy branches over the stream. The night Avas so dark that Ave could not see each other, and often the leading boat ran into a shoal point, got aground, and the whole line would be jumbled up in a crowd. After 2 o'clock in the morning the river widened, and Ave began to see better around us. Soon Ave reached the mouth of Swift Creek and sniffed the salt air from the sound. Every eye was strained to see a ship. We pulled in the direction of the town of Xew Bern, and searched in vain to find some thing afloat, although we got close enough to the wharf to hear talking, probably the sentries on the dock. There was nothing to be done but find some refuge out of sight until next night, but it Avas hard letting down from the pitch of excitement and expectation Ave had been under — the unbending of the boAV that had been strung for action. We moved up the river some three or four miles to Bachelor's Creek, Avhere among the reeds and rushes Ave tried to hide our selves and rest until next night, and try it again. We felt very uneasy lest Ave should be discovered, and our purpose known ; for unless our attack should be a surprise, it Avonld be useless and madness to undertake it. No force in small boats, except in overAvhelming numbers, can capture an armed ship, unless by taking her unaAvares. We spent a day of tedi ous Avaiting. Officers and men laying Ioav, spinning yarns and talking about our prospects. I happened to hear the talking in one of the groups, Avhere a fine young officer said: "Fellows, AA'here Avill Ave be this time to-morroAv ?" He was among the killed, and it Avas such a lesson on the. uncertainty of human life. Among those present Avere ITogc and Gard ner and Henry Cooke and Gill and Palmer Saunders and GoodAvin, from Virginia, and Gift and Porcher and Scharf and Williamson and Kerr and Roby, all trained at Annapolis 328 North Carolina Troops, 1861-' 65. and true as steel — among these three were from Norfolk and Portsmouth. In plain sight of us was a tall croAv's nest, oc cupied by a lookout of the Federal army on their picket line, and I assure you it gave us a creepy, uneasy feeling to think that our Avhole movement and intention might be discovered. And here let me remark that this very situation determines and exemplifies Avhat I judge to be a man of war — a leader Avho does not alloAv his plans to be upset by what he thinks the enemy is going to do. He must be always combative and not calculating chances. Wood paid no attention to doubts and surmises, but had his eye fixed upon boarding and cap turing that ship, and doing his part in the fall of New Bern. We Avere in full hearing of Pickett's dashing attack upon the Federal outerworks that day, and knew that he Avas driv ing them from the advanced line of fortifications. Before sunset Wood called for the sAviftest boat, and, Avith the writer in company, pulled cautiously doAvn the river, keeping close under the banks. We had not gone two miles, Avhen simul taneously Ave both cried: "There she is." We discoA'ered a black steamer anchored close up to the right flank of the outer fortifications of Xew Bern, where she had come that day, and, ha\Ting located her exactly, Ave re turned to our hiding place, Avith the understanding that we would attack her between 12 and 4 o'clock in the morning. Orders Avere given accordingly, and all hands were made to knoAv the order of battle, and Avhat they had to do. In rush ing pell-mell upon the side of a ship Avith boats, they naturally rebound and leave a gap that is not easy to get across, so each boAv oarsman Avas ordered to be ready to jump aboard with a grapnel as soon as she struck, and make her fast, and our coolest men were picked for that duty, Avhich you will easily see is risky. Some time after midnight Ave got under way and pulled slowly cIoavii the river in two columns of four boats .each, Wood to board her forward Avith his boats and I to board her abaft Avith mine. The night Avas very dark and gloomy, and Ave could not see a light anywhere, except an occasional glimmer about the town, but Ave kneAv pretty nearly Avhere the vessel was, and Avith our glasses in the eArening had made out her build and Capture of the "Underwkiter." 329 structure. The stroke of the muffled oars was almost noise less, and suddenly the dark hull of the ship loomed up, and, it seemed almost at the same moment there came from her the shout: "Boat, ahoy!" Then Ave heard the loud and cheer ing cry from Wood: "Give way, boys," which was caught up and echoed along both lines of boats. Then rang out loud and sharp from the ship the rattle, calling the men to quarters for action, and noAV the fight was on. Xo need for orders now to these disciplined men. I suppose the distance was about one hundred yards, and, Avhile our men Avere straining at their oars, Ave heard the sharp click of rifles, and the only reply we could make was by the marines (three or four being in each boat) Avho delivered their fire with great coolness. It seems to me now that of all the uncomfortable things a fighting man might haATe to do, that of pulling an oar with his back to his foe must be the most trying and disheartening, but not a man Aveakened. In less time than is required to tell of this Ave were into her. Our boat struck the vessel just abaft the wheelhouse, Avhere the guards make a platform, an admirable place for getting on board. The ship's armory, where all the small arms Avere kept, was in a room just there under the hurricane deck, and they did not stop to reload, but loaded guns were handed to the men, as fast as they could fire. It seemed like a sheet of flame, and the very jaws of death. Our boat struck bow on, and our boAV oarsman, James Wilson, of Xorfolk, (after the Avar Avith the Baker Wrecking Company) caught her Avith his grapnel, and she swung side on Avith the tide. As we jumped aboard Engineer Gill, of Portsmouth, among the first, Avas shot through the head, and as he fell dead our men gave a yell, and rushed upon the deck, with the creAvs of the two other boats close behind. Xow the fight ing was furious, and at close quarters. Our men were eager, and as one Avould fall another came on. Xot one faltered or fell back. The cracking of fire arms and the rattle of cut lasses made a deafening din. The enemy gave way slowly, and soon began to get away by taking to the ward room and engine room hatches below. They fell back under the hurricane deck before the steady 330 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. attack of our men, and at that time I heard the cheers and rush of our comrades from forward, and I knew we had them. They came along from forward with the cutlasses and muskets they had found, clubbing and slashing. In a short time I heard the cry: "We surrender." They could not stand the force and moral effect of an at tack like that, and, remember, they Avere not Spaniards we Avere fighting. Wood gave the order to cease firing, and after a brief con sultation, Ave ordered the two firemen Ave had Avith us to go doAvn into the engine and fire room to see if they could get her under Avay and take her up the river, Avhere we might put her in shape, and, as she was the largest vessel at New Bern Ave could have temporary command of the river. It was in the fight on the forAvard deck that the intrepid young Palmer Saunders gave up his life for his country. He at tacked a stalwart sailor Avith his cutlass and killed him, but had his head split open and a shot in his side. I Avish I could relate the deeds of individual proAvess and gallantry, but in such a melee as that one has all he can do to keep on his feet and look out for himself. We found the fires banked and not steam enough to turn the Avheels over. At this juncture Fort Stevens opened fire upon our vessel, regardless of thefr ovra people. One shell struck part of her lever beam, Avent through a hen coop near where the marines were drawn up, and passed through her side. Upon further consultation Ave decided to burn her, and gaA'e the order to man the boats, taking special care of our OAvn and the enemy's Avounded, and our dead, and all prison ers Ave could get hold of. I thought it Arery strange that the captain of the vessel could not be found, but upon inquiry among his men we learned that he had been Avounded in the leg and had jumped overboard. He was droAvned. Poor Palmer Saunders Avas carefully placed in a blanket, and laid in the Iioav of my boat, AA'here he could be better sup ported than aft. He Avas breathi'mr, but entirely unconscious. Of course, some of the men missed their boats, as nobody Capture of the "Underwriter." 331 stood upon the order of his going in the face of the firing from those forts. After seeing all the boats under my charge get aAvay, we shoved off and pulled aAvay from the ship. The duty of set ting fire to the Underivriter had been assigned to Lieutenant Hoge. of Wheeling, a talented young officer of fine attain ments and undaunted courage. When we had gotten half mile from the ship Wood pulled up towards our boats and asked if I had ordered the ship set afire. I said: "Yes," but it looked as if it had not been done successfully. Just then Hoge came along in his boat, and said that he had set fire to her. Wood ordered him to go on board and make sure of it, and he Avent promptly. Here Avas trying duty to perforin. The forts were firing every feAV 'minutes in our direction, wildly, of course, as big guns cannot be aimed well at night, but you neA'er can tell AA'here they are going to strike. In about ten minutes Ave saAv a flame leap out of a Avin- dow forAvard of the Avheelhouse, Avhere the engineer's supplies Avere kept, and Hoge pulling away. In a very feAV minutes the whole expanse of Avater was lighted up, and you may be sure Ave struck out Avith a vim to rendezvous at SAvift Creek, about six miles up the river, on the opposite side from NeAv Bern, Avhere General Dearing had a small cavalry camp. As Ave Avere pulling up Ave could hear noAV and then the boom of the guns of the Underwriter as they were discharged by heat from the burning ship, and just before reaching our landing place Ave heard the aAvful explosion of the sturdy ves sel, Avhen the fire reached her magazine. After daybreak Ave reached the place on the bank of the creek, Avhere there was a clearing, and landed our cargo of dead and Avounded and prisoners. As we Avere taking Saunders out of the boat he breathed his last, and so passed into the presence of God the soul of that young hero. As soon as the surgeon had made the Avounded as comfort able as possible under the circumstances, the prisoners Avere draAvn up in line to make a list of them. As I passed doAvn the line, a strapping big f elloAV, Avithout any trousers on and 332 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. barefooted, said: "My Lord, is that you?" I looked him over and recognized him as an old quarter-gunner that had been shipmate with me in the frigate Congress ten years be fore, and among the wounded I was called to have a greeting from a young fellow, Avho had been a mizzen-topman in the same ship, and after the Avar got me to give him a certificate to secure his pension. Our casualties had been six killed, twenty-two wounded, all of them brought a\vay. Tavo were missing and afterwards accounted for. The Federal loss was nine killed, eighteen wounded, and nineteen prisoners — about thirty of her crew escaped. The wounded and prisoners were promptly taken care of by General Dearing's command, and sent up to Kinston, Cap tain Wood proceeded to Richmond at once. As soon as proper arrangements could be made the command Avas sum moned to pay the last rite of burial of the dead. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, under the stately pines that bordered the stream, I read the church service for the burial of the dead, and the bodies of our lamented comrades were tenderly laid in mother earth, there to rest until Ave shall all be summoned to the great assize. General Pickett's plans miscarried, it Avas alleged, by the failure of one of his brigadiers to make an attack at the ap pointed time on the Trent river side of the defense. He withdrew his force leisurely and retired upon Kinston. I could never understand Avhy the other gunboats at New Bern did not attack the Underwriter after her capture by us. Instead of that, two of them got under Avay and steamed around into Trent river, as fast as they could go. While we were getting ready to abandon the ship, it worried us very much to see one of those boats coining directly toward us, but she soon turned and Avent in the other direction, much to our relief. In speaking of our casualties, it was said that there were ' two missing, and it Avas from laughable circumstances. When we took to our boats two of the men rushed to the stern where they saAv a boat made fast, and they slided doAvn into her. In a few moments other men piled into her, and "shove off" Capture of the "Underwriter." 333 Avas the word. It soon developed that the boat had eight Yan kees and two rebels on board, and these two poor fellows set up a fearful cry for help. We heard them hoAvling from our boat, but could not see, nor imagine Avhat it meant. The poor felloAvs were rowed ashore to Ne\v Bern by their Yankee prisoners — so to speak. They were afterAvards exchanged and I met one of them in Richmond. He said he never felt so mean in all his life, and he almost split his throat halloo ing for us to get them out of the scrape. The attack upon XeAv Bern Avas well planned, and we all know that the assault of that intrepid division was irresisti ble, but here was another case where somebody had blundered. If General Pickett's orders had been carried out, there would have been another exemplification of the power of a navy, by its very absence in this case ; for the neutralizing of the help given by the Underwriter in the defense of XeAv Bern would have made General Pickett's assault upon the right flank of those defenses a very different affair.* Referring to this capture Admiral Porter, United States Xavy, wrote at that time: "This was rather a mortifying affair for the navy, however fearless on the part of the Con federates. This gallant expedition Avas led by Commander John Taylor Wood. It was to be expected that Avith so many clever officers, Avho left the Federal navy and cast their for tunes Avith the Confederates, such gallant action Avould often be attempted, and had the enemy attacked the forts, the chances are that they would have been successful, as the gar rison Avas unprepared for an attack on the river flank, their most vulnerable side." That night our command pulled up to Kinston, tired and fagged from four days of work and unrest, and so Ave Avent back to our ships at Richmond. B. P. LOTALL. Norfolk, Va., 2 February, 1901. *Note — General Pickett was evidently a favorite at Richmond and the command of this expedition, as of part of the charge at Gettysburg, was given him as opportunity to earn higher promotion. It is not improb able that impartial history may write him down as unequal to his op portunities How differently both would have turned out under a leader like Stonewall Jackson, or Pender, or Hoke. — Ed. Blockade Runner A. D. Vance. THE STEA/1DR AD-VA/i~CE. By JAMES MAGLENN, Chief Ekgineer. This steamer, formerly called the "Lord Clyde," running between Dublin and GlasgOAV, Avas purchased by the State of Xorth Carolina to carry out cotton and other Southern products, and bring in arms and supplies of clothing.and medi cines for the Xorth Carolina State Troops, and was named the Ad- Vance.* I joined the ship on her first arrival in Wilmington, and was Avith her until captured September, 1864, with the ex ception of one trip made from Wilmington to Nassau and re turn, serving in different capacities; first trip as second as sistant engineer, second trip as first assistant engineer, then as chief engineer, making several successful trips, one to Liv erpool for repairs, returning to Bermuda in June, 1864, thence to Wilmington. Some of her trips Avere very exciting and hazardous. On one occasion there Avere four steamers leaving St. Georges, Bermuda, including the Ad-Vance, for Wilmington. But two of these arrived in Wilmington. One put back to Ber muda badly disabled; the other was lost in the gale. On this occasion I Avas limited to twelve -revolutions per minute for thirty-six hours, or during the severest of the gale, which was just enough for the ship to mind the helm, being head to the gale all this time and Avater increasing in the hold to such an extent that it got Avithin six inches of the grate-bars. In fact, I thought our time had come and, therefore, informed Captain Wiley how matters Avere in the engine and fire room, and that "we could not hold out this way much longer." I suggested to him the importance of turning the ship around and running before the wind, to enable me to get the Avater *This was said to have had a triple significance, Ad. Vance i. e. (1) To Vance, (2) Ad. Vance in honor of Mrs Vance whose name was Adelaide, (3) As the advance or pioneer ship. — Ed. 336 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. out by Avorking the engines faster. He remonstrated by say ing that "to attempt such a thing in a night like this would be certain destruction to the ship and all on board, but do the best you can until morning and Avhen the Avorst comes, I may attempt it in daylight, but I feel confident Ave Avill have a change for the better by morning. The barometer has com menced to rise and is going up rapidly. It is the first time it has made a movement in that direction for two days." Strange to say, by 8 o'clock the next morning, it was per fectly calm, but a tremendous sea was rolling, which knocked us about considerably. This was the heaviest gale Ave ever experienced. On our arrival at Wilmington, we made some improvement in bilge and other pumps, AA'hich was actually necessary to make her seaworthy in anything like heavy weather. The ship was in critical and dangerous positions on divers occasions. Once on the shoals off Fort Caswell where she remained for two or three days in range of the en emy's guns, but Avas finally worked off and arrived in Wil mington Avithout any serious damage. Again, coming from St. Georges, Bermuda, Ave expected to make Bald Head light about 12 o'clock at night. However, a light Avas seen ahead about this time, but it proved to be Cape Lookout, and, when this Avas thoroughly understood and consultation held, Colo nel Crossan, Captain Wiley, the pilot Kit Moss and Chief Engineer, as to what was best to be done, it was decided that we should try to get in at Xew Inlet. Failing to get in there, she was to be run on the beach, as we did not haA-e coal enough on board to go back to Bermuda. However, Ave left Cape Lookout about 2 o'clock on a beautiful October morning, all excitement and ship Avorking at full speed close in to the land, determined to go in or on the beach. It being a little hazy along the line, Avas something in our favor. Did not see any of the fleet until Ave passed Wrights- ville and sighted Fort Fisher. As Ave approached the fort, the gun-boats made for us, firing shot that fell short. At this time Ave Avere approaching them very rapidly; on account of a point of shoal, Ave had to turn to make the channel inlet. By this time their shot were going over us, and Avhen Colonel The Steamer Ad-Vance. 337 Lamb's Whitworth guns began their firing upon the fleet, one large steamer, supposed to be the State of Georgia, came rapidly toAvards us, and Avhen in dangerous proximity, was about to turn to bring her broadside guns upon the Ad-Vance, but a Avell-directed shot from a 10-inch Columbiad from the northeast salient of the fort crashed into her bow, when she rapidly backed water and withdrew from the chase, enabling the Ad-Vance to get safely in, amid the shouts of the garrison and the cheers of the officers and creAv and the Avaving of handkerchiefs by those on deck of the blockade runner. A number of officers came on board to congratulate us, and Captain Wiley and the Rev. Moses D. Hoge, Avho was on board bringing in a lot of testaments, Bibles and tracts for the soldiers, sent special thanks to Colonel Lamb and his gar rison for their timely aid. This was considered one of the most daring and gallant feats performed by the blockade-run ners during the Avar. HER LAST TEIP AND CAPTURE. We left Wilmington about 9 September, 1864, Captain Wiley still in command, with a full cargo, principally of cot ton, bound for Halifax, X. C, and anchored at XeAV Inlet, near Fort Fisher, and in full sight of the Federal fleet of twenty-five or thirty vessels, Avho, of course, understood our designs and would be on the lookout for us that night. Al though the night was not altogether favorable, Ave started as soon as the tide Avould permit. Of course, smoke, sparks and flames from the stack had to be kept doAvn. This Avas very difficult to do, as our last shovelful of good coal was used shortly after crossing the bar and in plain sight of some of the fleet. Those that could see us Avould throw rockets, indicat ing the direction Ave Avere going. Then the dodging- on our part and the frequent change of the ship's course to keep from running into them. The excitement at this time was very great. Yet all Avas as quiet as the grave on board and every man was at his post and doing his duty faithfully. The rocket firing and shooting were very heavy, and nothing but good management on the part of our officers could have pulled us safely through the fleet that night. At sunrise there was 22 338 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. nothing in sight, yet our black smoke Avas giving us away. ;Some of the fleet were following it, and about 8 o'clock % ves sel was discovered chasing us and appeared to be gaining. -Everything possible Avas done to increase the speed of the Ad-Vance, but the steaming qualities of the coal were against us. We Avere using Chatham, or Egypt coal, which Avas very inferior ; in fact nothing but slate or the croppings of the mine. Our good coal at Wilmington was taken for the Con federate cruisers, which accounts for our capture. We Avere in hopes Ave could evade the pursuing steamer in the darkness •of the night, but, in our present condition, she Avas too fast for us and was able to throw some shot over us some time be fore sundoAvn, which caused us to stop the ship and surrender. From the stopping of the ship to the boarding of the United States officers, some time elapsed, causing an accumulation of steam, Avhich was blowing off verv f reelv. The United States Engineer Corps, seeing the condition of affairs, asked me to have my men haul the fires and arrange to have the boilers supplied with Avater. I told him I had nothing more to do with the ship and considered him in charge. He then asked if mv assistant engineers Avould go doAvn and attend to this. I pointed them out to him, saying they would ansAver for themselves and, on their refusal, the Lieutenant ordered us on the bridge on top of the boilers, saying : "If she does bloAv up I will send you all to eternity." Imagine us sitting on top of the boilers waiting for the explosion. However, Ave knew there was no immediate danger, if they could succeed in get ting the pumps to Avork, which they did in a short time, and Ave Avere relieved from our dangerous position and sent on board the Santiago de Cuba, which captured us. All Avere examined as to their nationality, many Xorth Carolinians and Virginians on board claiming British protection. In fact, all on board except two, one from Connecticut and one from Virginia, claimed British protection and all could sound the letter "O" in "home" very broad. Mr. Carter, our purser, was the only one on board that was sworn, and this Avas on account of the clothing he Avore, it being a suit of Xorth Carolina home-spun. The Captain looked at him from head to foot and vice versa, saying that he Avas the first The Steamer Ad-Vance. 339 Englishman he ever saw with a suit of clothes of that kind. On our way to Xorfolk, with Cape Henry in sight, Sunday morning Ave Avere ordered on deck for prayer (Episcopal ser vice). During the service our Captain Wiley called my at tention to the Captain of the Santiago de Cuba, saying the prayers were doing him no good, from the fact that he was turning around every minute to see if the valuable prize, the Ad-Vance, Avas coming, and when satisfied that all things were Avell with her, would turn around again, giving a little more attention to the sermon for a feAV minutes. We arrived in Xorfolk Sunday afternoon and had the freedom of the city, that is inside the Provost Marshal's limits. We, however, wanted to go "ome," and had to appeal to the British Consul at Xorfolk. We had some trouble at first, but the Consul finally took our case to heart and wrote a letter to Lord Lyons, stating the Avay her Britannic Majesty's subjects were treated. This did the work for us and Ave Avere permit ted to find our Avay "ome" as best Ave could, Avithout interrup tion. This was the last I saAv of the Ad-Vance, but I have been told by Colonel Lamb that she was turned into a gun-boat, The Frolic, and Avas in the second bombardment at Fort Fisher, and has been seen several times at Wilmington since the Avar. Many of the Xorth Carolinians made their way from Xor folk to Halifax, X. S., thence to Xassau, AA'here I was ap pointed Chief Engineer of the steamer Col. Lamb, with Cap tain Thomas Lockwood in command. We Avere then ready to run the blockade again to Wilmington, but were informed by an incoming steamer that Forts Fisher and Caswell had been taken. This left no port open for us but Galveston. We then left Xassau for Havana, took on supplies and started for Galveston ; on arriving off the bar, it Avas thought too risky to go in as the wind had been blowing unfavorably for several days, which caused Ioav Avater in the harbor Avhich Avould increase the risk of the steamer. On consultation with pilots it Avas decided not to take the risk ; we then returned to Ha vana, all ports being noAv effectively closed, and after making- some repairs to the machinery, Ave were ordered to Halifax, 340 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. X. S., touching at Xassau and Bermuda, arriving at Halifax about 10 April, 1865. While lying in the harbor, Captain Lockwood gave a dina- tion to the Agents and Confederate friends on Saturday, 15 April, and at sun rise the ship Avas decorated Avith flags from stem to stern and the steamer Col. Lamb made a. very hand some appearance, but they Avere not allowed to remain there long. About 9 :00 or 10 :00 a. m., a British boat was seen coming toAvards us and pulled .alongside. The officer in charge inquired for the Captain. When told he was ashore, he then ordered the flags to be taken doAvn, as it was very un becoming to be rejoicing over the death of the President of the United States in British Avaters. When told that they were displayed for another purpose, it made no difference. They had to come down at once. This Avas neAvs to us and created quite a sensation in the city and the newspapers were full of it for several days on both sides, but is was claimed that the flags should have been allowed to remain, as the neAvs of President Lincoln's death did not reach Halifax until about 9 :00 o'clock that morning, and the flags Avere up at sun rise. The surrender having taken place AA'hile Ave Avere here, it Avas decided to take the ship to Liverpool. We left here about 5 May and had a stormy passage all the way — in fact a gale of wind carrying aAvay the foremast a few feet above deck, which came near swamping us; then came the remorse of conscience Avith those of us that belonged on this side of the Atlantic for not going home immediately after the surrender instead of taking this trip. HoAvever, Ave arrived in Liver pool about 1 June. We remained there a feAV days and then started for home in the Cunard steamer China. This being an ocean-going steamer, we felt much safer than in the Ad- Vance or Col. Lamb. We had a pleasant return trip, arriving in Halifax, X. S., on 4 July, 1865, from there to Charlotte, X. C, where my family resided during the last two years of the war. I found all well and Avas glad to be home with my family once more. Jas. Maglenn. Hamlet, N. C, 10 September, 1901. STEAMER "AD-VANCE." 1. Thomas M. Crossen. Captaip, Steamer ,l Ad-Vance A' •-3 John White. Commissioner to England. 8. James Jlaglenn. Chief Engineer. RUNNI/iG THE BLOCKADE O/i THE " AD-VANCE." By REV. MOSES D. HOGE, D. D. Bermuda, Wednesday, October 8, 1863. — At 12 o'clock went on board the Ad-Vance (Lord Clyde). My fellow pas sengers are Rev. Mr. Terry, Mrs. Pender, Messrs. Bur ton, Walker and Regnault. Got off at 10 o'clock; beauti ful view of Bermuda as we rapidly sped along. The Clyde a fine and fast vessel. Officers, Colonel Crossen, Captain Wylie (the English Captain) ; First Officer, — . — . ; Surgeon, Dr. SAvan; Purser, Mr. Flanner; Signal Officer, Mr. Smith. The Colonel is a noble man ; Wylie a warm hearted Scotchman, though he looks English every inch, big, burly and red faced, full of enthusiasm — full of poetry. Flanner has good points. I have had some pleasant inter course Avith young Smith, who became pious at Hampden- Sidney. We have taken no state rooms on the Clyde, al though there are a great number of unoccupied ones, but our little company of passengers all stay in the saloon at night. The fare is rather rough, but that is nothing when we have a good ship homeAvard bound. We have been in much trouble on the ship to-day. The coal, Avhich Avas thought to be very good (Welsh coal, Cardiff) is found to be of very bad quality. This morning we could not get up steam as usual. The serious question is discussed whether we had better not return to Bermuda. After run ning fourteen knots Ave dropped down to five. It is thought to be useless to go on toward the blockaders to ensure a cap ture. We put the vessel about and sailed a while due east, but after a little Avhile the draft increased and the paddles made their former revolutions from twenty to tAventy-three per minute. 342 North Carolina Troops, l861-'65. .The difficulty Avas there was a mixture of something like kelp and sand, which melted on the bars of the grates and choked the draft, making a deposit they called slag. It was terribly hard on the firemen to keep them clear. The discipline of this ship is very bad. The sailors came and demanded their bounty the first day, and the second, the firemen came up on the quarter deck, a thing quite contrary to ship etiquette, and made the same demand. They ought to have been paid at once according to custom, but Avhile it was wrong to withhold the money, it was not right for them to demand it as they did. October 9, 1863. — I am noAv on board the Ad-Vance, (Lord Clyde), about 100 miles from the Xorth Carolina coast. It is 4 o'clock, p. m., and I am sitting on the bottom step of the paddle box, from Avhich I can look down directly into the water and see how beautifully it divides before the bow of the steamer, darting through at a noble speed. This is one of the most pleasant days as to temperature I ever felt, clear, coolish, without being cool and something life-giving in the air. It is a day for thought, a time for revieAv and anticipation. To-night. Ave "will knoAv our fate, whether it is to be the bot tom of the sea, a northern prison, or Richmond. I am not apprehensive, but. I knoAv the risks. We have heard nothing from Wilmington. Xo steamers came out while Ave Avere in Bermuda, though several Avere expected. We may be run ning into a trap — as Ave knoAv not what progress the Federals may have made in the way of excluding blockade-runners. We may be damaged by the fire of the fleet, even if Ave succeed in running the gauntlet and although I do not repent coming, and notwithstanding the uncertainty, I have no desire to turn back, yet I knoAv Ave may be disappointed just on the happy eve of getting home and indeed may never reach it at all. I have spent much time this morning in prayer, in solemn con secration of myself to God, and in supplication for a spirit of submission to His Avill. I try to commit myself and my dear family and church to His holy keeping. We have just been mustered on deck and had our places in the boats assigned to us, in case we have to abandon the Running the Blockade on the "Ad-Vance." 343 steamer to-night. I go with Colonel Crossen and Mrs. Pender, and the rest of our boat's crew are firemen and sail ors. Terry, Burton, Walker and Regnault go in the other life-boats, the rest of the creAv in the two aft boats. This looks like business. It is the purpose to destroy the Ad- Vance and take to the boats if Ave are intercepted. I should dread capture on my dear wife's account. It would almost break her heart, after our long separation and the sorrow she has borne. (The death of their oldest son while he was in England.— M. R. G. ) But I believe the good Providence Avhich brought me out and gave me such success abroad, Avill open a door for my safe return to my home and work again. Wilmington, X. G, October 12, 1863. — I, noAV on shore, can complete my notes of this Aroyage. It had a memorable termination. In the record of the events of the 9th, I stated I was making my last entry (a prayer I did not copy, as it Avas too personal. — M. R. G. ) expecting to get ashore that night. We were disappointed, hoAvever. Although the Cap tain and Colonel made an observation at 12 M., they failed to detect the fact that the current of the Gulf Stream had swept us fa.r to the north of our course. About 9 o'clock at night we saAv a light and the dim outline of the land. At first it was thought to be the signal light near Fort Fisher, and Mr. Smith Avanted to make signals, but after long inspection, dis covered that it Avas a light-house. We then changed our course southward and ran along shore, all night in doubt as to Avhere Ave Avere. Colonel C. once thought Ave might be south of the entrance to Wilmington and running toward Charles ton. This sIioavs how completely at sea we Avere ! When it greAv light enough to see the coast more plainly, our officers recognized certain localities on Masonboro Sound, the salt Avorks, etc., and Ave ascertained Ave had just made the land north of Cape Lookout, 80 miles from the point Ave expected to strike. Colonel Crossen prepared to run up near enough to see Avhich blockaders were within view and I supposed he would then stand out to sea and lie off until night and then run in at his leisure, but to my astonishment, although it was about 8 o'clock in the morning, the sun shining brilliantly 344 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. and the sea level as a floor and three blockaders guarding the entrance, he steamed straight on toward Fort Fisher. The blockaders seemed confused for a few moments by the audac ity of the movement, but presently they came about and all three struck for the shore, intending to cut us off. They came on very speedily, but finding that we were running so swiftly they opened upon us with shrapnel, shell and solid shot. It was a scene of intense excitement. We could see peo ple on the shore, watching the result. We doubted not with utmost interest — the shells Avere ploughing up the water and tearing up the sand on the shore, bursting over and around us, and yet not one struck us. It was almost a miracle. Two or three of their shells struck the sand just at the edge of the water and directly opposite to us and the wonder was how the balls could get there Avithout passing through us. Colonel C. certainly made a hazardous experiment. Had the mist near the coast not veiled us someAvhat from the view of the enemy as Ave approached, and had he seen us in time to make chase ten minutes sooner, he would have headed us off and driven us ashore, or had one of his shot penetrated our boilers, we would haA'e been blown to fragments. Had we been compelled to take to our boats, Ave Avould have still been in great danger, for Ave Avould have been under fire perhaps an hour, when the smooth sea made it as easy to fire accurately from the deck as from the Avails of a fort. As it Avas, by the favor of a good Providence, we escaped unharmed and very soon ran by Fort Fisher, Avhen the guns of that fort opened on the blockaders and a pretty little fight took place betAveen them, the vessels quickly AvithdraAving, however, one of them having been struck. As Ave passed the fort our crew cheered heartily, Ave ran up our Confederate flag. In a moment more Ave struck the rip and stuck fast. Moses D. Hoge. Wilmington N. C, 12 October, 1863. Confederate States Steamer Shenandoah. THE SHENANDOAH. By AN OFFICER THEREOF. The agents of the Xavy Department who are engaged in the compilation of the official records of the Union and Con federate Xavies in the late Avar, have recently brought to light, from Southern sources, a mass of hitherto unpublished information of curious interest and value, relative to the oper ations of the Confederate privateer Shenandoah. In the de- structiveness to Union property the work of the Shenandoah Avas second only to that of the Alabama, and the former en joyed the peculiar distinction of having far outstripped the records of all other cruisers in the length of her voyage and the fact, that she never met with the slightest opposition from Union arms in her path of destruction, and continued her depredations many months after the conclusion of the Avar. It is worthy of remark that the Xavy Department at Wash ington was in possession of information relative to her outfit and plans early in the summer of 1864, but active search was not instituted until January, 1865, and though the United States ships Santee, Wachusett, Iroquois, Wyoming and the European and Pacific squadrons at large Avere successively ordered in pursuit of her, none of them ever succeeded in coming up with her, much less in engaging her in combat. In August, 1865, her commander gained conclusive informa tion that the Avar had gone against the South, and he leis urely and uninterruptedly made his Avay to England, Avhere he gave himself and his ship into the hands of the British Government. The Shenandoah Avas a full-rigged ship of 1,000 tons and 250 horse-power, with a battery of four 8-inch guns — two 32-pounders and two 12-pounders. She was originally the British ship Sea King, built in 1863 for the East Indian trade. On her return voyage she was purchased by Confeder ate agents in Europe and fitted out as a cruiser in the Confed- 346 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. erate service, primarily to disperse and destroy the XeAv Eng land whaling fleet in the northern seas. She had been de signed as a transport for troops, had spacious decks and large air ports, and was Avell suited for conversion into a cruiser. A fast sailer under canvas, her steam poAver Avas more than auxiliary, as she could exceed ele\ren knots Avithout pressing. Provided Avith fifteen months' stores, she sailed from London 8 October, 1864. in command of her English master, Captain Corbett, for Madeira. Ten days later she Avas delivered over to her neAv commander, Lieutenant James I. Waddell, who had taken passage from Liverpool with the officers and men detailed for his command. Among the latter Avere some picked men from the famous Alabama, which had been sunk by the Kearsage a feAV months before. The Shenandoah was commissioned 19 October and that day cleared for Ma deira. The journal of Commander Waddell is uoav in the posses sion of the Xavy Department, and is a most interesting rec ord of the career of the Shenandoah. On 30 October the cry of ''Sail ho!" rang out from the Shenandoah's masthead. Immediately she bore doAvn upon the distant, vessel, an American bark, the Alma, of a seaport in Maine, bound for Buenos Ayres with railroad iron. She Avas on her first voyage, thoroughly equipped, nicely coppered and beautifully clean — a tempting prize. Defense on her part was out of the question, and the Confederates boarded and scuttled her, after appropriating such of her furnishings as they conld make use of and taking the creAv prisoners, six of Avhom afterwards volunteered their service as actiAre men on the Shenandoah. The Alma was valued at $95,000. On 15 Xovember the Shenandoah crossed the equator. Her course thence lay south along the coast of Brazil. Xothing of interest occurred after crossing the line except the inter change of courtesies Avith neutral Aressels until 4 December, when the American Avhaleship Edwards, out of Xcav Bedford three months, Avas sighted and captured near the Island of Tristan. The Edwards had taken a AA'hale and Avas "cutting out" when captured, her crew being so occupied Avith the fish that the Shenandoah had come within easy range of her unob- The Shenandoah. 347 served. The Edwards' outfit was of excellent quality/ and the Confederates lay by tAvo days supplying their steamer with necessaries. The Avhaleship Avas then burned, and Wad dell landed for a day at Tristan and made arrangements Avith the natiA'e governor to receive the Edwards crew, most of whom were SandAA'ich Islanders. Soon after the departure from Tristan it was found that a serious accident had happened to the propeller shaft of the Shenandoah, and it became necessary to seek some considera ble port for the repairs. CapetoAvn Avas nearest, but Com mander Waddell preferred making Melbourne, if possible, the course thither lying nearer the more frequented tracks of the United States vessels. The voyage Avas marked by the capture of seA'eral merchantmen. The character of the Shenandoah Avas knoAvn at Melbourne and she Avas cheered and surrounded by the steamers in the haven. The next day the Avork of repairing the ship Avas be gun and during the delay several of the crew embraced the opportunity to desert, all of them being men avIio had joined the Shenandoah from captured ships. The attempt of Wad dell to pursue and bring back these men Avas obstructed by the United States consul, as well as by the Australian authorities. The Shenandoah, in a fortified British port, was in no posi tion to resist these acts, and on 18 February, the repairs and coaling haAung been completed, the port Avas cleared. The delay of the steamer at Melbourne had operated against success for the Shenandoah in the South Pacific. The AA'haling fleets of that ocean had received Avarning of the pres ence of the priArateer and had departed for sheltering ports or the Arctic ocean. Learning from a passing steamer that some United States Avhaling vessels Avere to be found in a harbor of the Caroline Islands, Waddell directed his course thither, reaching the Islands early in April. An English pilot, Avho had been living there for some years, volunteered his services to the Confederates and brought the steamer to anchor in sight of four Aressels flying the American flag. The flag of the Shenandoah was not yet displayed. After anchorage Avas secured four armed boats were dis patched Avith orders to capture the vessels and bring their of- 348 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. fleers, ships' papers, log books, instruments for navigation and AA'haling charts to the Shenandoah. After the boats left the steamer the Confederate flag was hoisted and a gun fired. This signal announcing the character of the warship brought doAvn the American flags and the seizure was immediately made. Waddell remained some days in this harbor, AA'here he made friends Avith the natiA^e "king," a savage. The course of the Shenandoah was thence for many days toAvard the north, and beset Avith violent storms. Finally the snow-covered Kurile Islands were sighted, and 31 May the Sea of Okhotsk was entered, under the coast of Kamschatka. A few days later the Avhaling bark Abigail, of Xew Bedford, Avas overtaken, captured, and burned. The Shenandoah con tinued as far north as the mouth of Chijinsk Bay, but being forced aAvay by the ice she stole along the coast of Siberia on her still hunt amid frequent storms and great danger from floating ice. On 14 June no ships having been sighted, Wad dell changed his course toAvard the Aleutian Islands, entered Behring Sea on the next day and almost immediately fell in Avith a couple of XeAv Bedford whalers. One of them, the William Thompson, was the largest out of XeAV England, and valued at $60,000. These ships Avere burned. The following day five vessels were sighted near an ice floe. The Confederates hoisted the American flag, bore doAvn upon them, and ordered the nearest, the Milo, of Xew Bedford, to produce her ship's papers. Her captain com plied, but Avas enraged to find himself thus entrapped. He declared the Avar was over. Waddell demanded documentary evidence, Avhich the captain could not produce. His vessel was seized and the Shenandoah, started after the companion ships with the usual result. For several days following the Shenandoah had tilings all her oavii Avay and the prizes were frequent and valuable. She struck fleet after fleet of AA'hal ing ships, only to consign them and their contents to the flames. On 29 June, alone, five ships, Aralued collectively at $160,000, Avere destroyed and a day or two later she reached the climax of her career, burning Avithin eleven hours eleven ships, Avorfh in the aggregate nearly $500,000. The Shenandoah Avas now overcrowded Avith prisoners, The Shenandoah. 349 most of whom Avere afterAvards transferred to passing ships. Having cruised around daringly for a week or two longer, and sighting no more ships, she turned her prow southward again. Her depredations were at an end, for early in August she spoke the English bark Barracouta, from San Francisco to Liverpool, and from her received Xew York papers which gave conclusive evidence of the end of the war between the States and imparted to Commander Waddell the more per sonally interesting information that the United States gov ernment had sent six gun-boats on his track to the Arctic re gions to "catch the pirates and hang them on sight." Upon receipt of the news Commander Waddell put sixty men to Avork painting a 16-foot belt of AA'hite around the ves sel, stowed the guns below the deck, trimmed her as a mer chantmen and made Liverpool. On the trip he trusted the ship within range of the half dozen gun-boats that were sent to capture the privateer. In answer to their salutes he dipped the English flag and steamed away. On 5 Xovember, lS65,the Shenandoah entered St. George's channel, having sailed 22,000 miles without seeing land. On 6 Xovember she steamed up the Mersey, and the Confederate flag having been hauled down Waddell sent a communication to the English Minister of Foreign Affairs, Earl Russell, placing the ship at the disposal of the British Government. Through Earl Russell the vessel Avas transferred to the juris diction of the American Minister, Charles Francis Adams. The A-essel Avas sold to the Prince of Zanzibar for use as a pleasure craft. On the trip home the famous privateer, Avhich had withstood the buffetings of a cruise of 58,000 statute miles, Avas caught in a cyclone and vessel, prince and crew Avere lost. Such is the record of the Shenandoah. She was actually cruising for the Union property but eight months, and during that time she captured and destroyed vessels to the value of more than $1,200,000, and the Union had never been able to direct a bloAv against her. She had visited every ocean except the Antarctic, covering a distance of 58,000 statute miles. The last gun in defense of the South Avas fired in the Arctic ocean from her deck on 22 June, 1865. 350 Xorth Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Captain James Iredell Waddell was a perfect specimen of physical manhood, standing 6 feet 1 inch, and weighing 210 pounds. the 1. 'g ler eig ¦It From P- 1 by I. , V lifter 1 eaptliri "j Note.— In Vol. 3. Off. Rec. Union & Confed. Navies at p. 7sr> is of the Shenandoah from which it appears (p. 792) that in I months cruise she captured 38 vessels valued at $1,172,223 793 to 836 is an admirable account of the cruise of the vesse commander, at the conclusion of which Captain Waddell says : "The Shenandoah was actually cruising but eight months enemy's property, during which time she made thirty-eight an a\'erage of a fraction over four per month. She released six on bond and destroyed thirty-two. She visited every ocean except the Antartic Ocean. She was the only vessel which carried the flag around the w<> 11, ami she carried it six months after the over-throw of the South. She was surrendered to the British nation 6 November, 18ti.A. The last gun in defence of the South was fired from her deck .' ' June in the Arctic Ocean. She ran a distance of 58,000 statue miles and met with nosenmw injur during a cruise of thirteen months. Her anchors were on her bows for eight months She never lost a chase, and was second only to the celebrated Ala lama I claim for her officers and men a triumph over their enemies and over every obstacle, and for myself I claim having done my duty.'' If space permitted the whole of this article merits reproduction here, —Ed. COLONEL AVILLIAAI LAMB. GENERAL AV. II. C AA'HITIN'G - WH1TWORTH GUN. Captured nine miles north of Fort Fisher by Admiral Lee, and now a trophy in AVashingtoo, D. C, Navy Yard. FIGHT WITH BLOCKADERS. By COLONEL WILLIAM LAMB, Tiiiktt-^ixth Regiment N. C. T. Shortly after taking command of Fort Fisher I recovered from the Avreck of a blockade runner, the British Steamship Modern Greece, four 12 pounder WhitAvorth rifle guns, Avith a range of five miles. With these guns, Ave made the XT. S. Blockading fleet remove their anchorage from tAvo and a half miles to five miles from the fort. So many ves sels Avere saved Avith these guns that they soon had a reputa tion throughout the South, and three of them Avere transfer red to other commands, tAvo going to Virginia. In August, 1863, the British Steamship Hebe Avith a most valuable cargo, Avhile trying to enter XeAV Inlet, was driven ashore by the enemy and partially destroyed. A de tachment of Captain Munn's Company sent to' her relief, rescued the Captain and Crew and captured on her, Ensign W. AV. CroAvninshield, Master's Mate John Paige, Third As sistant Engineer Wm. Mason, five petty officers, five seamen and one ordinary seaman, from the U. S. S. Niphon. Munn's detachment remained AAuth a Whitworth rifle gun and a Faucett and Preston rifle piece, behind an improvised sand battery, to guard the Avreck Avhile its cargo Avas being re moved. Sunday morning 23 August, the steam frigate Minnesota, the flagship of the Xorth Atlantic Blockading Squadron, came up abreast of the Avreck, Avithin 600 yards, Avhile the United States Steamship James Adger Avas sent into Avithin 300 yards, to see if the Hebe could be hauled off and the United States Steamship Niphon was ordered along the beach to cut off any retreat, The heroic detachment instead of re treating as they should have done, Avith their guns, as soon as they saw this poAverful steamship approaching, carrying- more guns and ammunition than Avere in Fort Fisher, de fiantly stood their ground and fired on the boat sent by the 352 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. James Adger Avith a tow line towards the Hebe, driving her back, wounding one of the crew. The Minnesota and James Adger then opened a frightful fire on the detach ment and guns tearing up the beach, killing private Holland and wounding five others. The detachment barely escaped capture. They carried off their dead and wounded comrades but were obliged to leave their guns. The Avreck was over seven miles from Fort Fisher, on the narrow and low beach between Masonboro Sound and the Ocean, and it was won derful that any escaped alive. The enemy after landing carried off the two guns.* The Minnesota fired 173 shot and shell consuming 1,977 pounds of cannon powder. The James Adger fired 163 shot and shell using 958 pounds of poAvder, or a total of 336 shell and shot and more than a ton of cannon powder, to drive a detachment of tar heels from two small field pieces. The Niphon fired 172 shot and shell at the detachment as it retreated, and claimed to have Avounded many, but did not strike one. General W. H. C. Whiting in reporting this fight to the Secretary of War, Richmond, 24 August, 1863, says: "I have met Avith a serious and heavy loss in that Whitworth, a gun that in the hands of the indefatigable Lamb, has saved dozens of vessels, and millions of money to the Confederate States. I beg that a couple of the Whitworth guns originally saved by him from the Modern Greece may be sent here at once. Their long range makes them more suitable for a seaboard position. Could I get them Avith horses we could save many a vessel that Avill uoav be lost to us." William Lamb. Norfolk, Va., 23 August, 1901. *See picture in this Vol. of the captured Whitworth Rifle gun, now at Washington, D. C, Navy Yard. BLOCKADE-RUNNERS. 1. John Newland Maffltt, Captain of Confederate Blockade-runners " Lilian," "Florie," and "Owl." 2. George C. MeDougal. Chief Engineer. GO voyages through the blockade. 3. C. O. .Alorse, Cape Fear Pilot, Nortli Carolina Steamer "Ad- Vance.1' 4. James Sprunt, Purser, Confederate Blockade-runners " Lilian " and " Susan Bierne.1' 5. Fred AV. Gregory, Confederate States Signal Officer, Steamer " Susan Bierne." BLOCKADE RUNNING. By JAMES SPRUNT, Fokmek Pcrsek Steamer Lilian. The foUoAving serial, undertaken at the request of Hon. Walter Clark, is a compilation of the narrative of some of those Avho participated in a branch of the Confederate ser vice, which, although not officially recognized, Avas neverthe less effective in sustaining the war long after the resources of the South had been exhausted. THE VALUE OF BLOCKADE RUNJSTIN"G TO THE CONFEDERACY. There are no records from which computation might be made of the amount and value of goods, arms, supplies and stores brought into the Confederate States during the four years of blockade, but. the Hon. Zebulon B. Vance, Avho was Governor of Xorth Carolina during several years of the war, has put on record the share, in part, of our State in blockade-running, from which a general idea of the amount of values may be obtained. In an address before the Association of the Maryland Line, delivered in Baltimore 23 February, 1885, he said: "By the general industry and thrift of our people and by the use of a number of blockade-running steamers, carrying out cotton and bringing in supplies from Europe, I had col lected and distributed from time to time, as near as can be gathered from the records of the Quartermaster's Depart ment, the following stores: Large quantities of machinery supplies; 60,000 pairs of hand cards; 10,000 grain scythes; 200 barrels of blue stone for Avheat groAvers ; leather and shoes to 250,000 pairs; 50,000 blankets; grey wool cloth for at least 250,000 suits of uniforms; 12,000 overcoats ready- made; 2,000 best Enfield rifles, with 100 rounds of fixed ammunition; 100,000 pounds of bacon; 500 sacks of coffee for hospital use ; $50,000 worth of medicines at gold prices, large quantities of lubricating oils, besides minor supplies of 23 354 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. various kinds for the charitable institutions of the State. Not only Avas the supply of shoes, blankets and clothing more than sufficient for the supply of the North Carolina troops, but large quantities Avere turned over to the Confederate Gov ernment for the troops of other States. In the Avinter suc ceeding the battle of Chickamauga, I sent to General Long- street's Corps 14,000 suits of clothing complete. At the sur render of General Johnston, the State had on hand ready- made and in cloth 92,000 suits of uniforms, Avith great stores of blankets, leather, etc. To make good the warrant on which these purchases had been made abroad, the State purchased and had on hand in trust for the holders 11,000 bales of cot ton and. 100,000 barrels of rosin. The cotton Avas partly de stroyed before the Avar closed, and the remainder, amounting to several thousand bales, was captured, after peace was de clared, by certain officers of the Federal army." President Davis, in a message to Congress, said that the number of vessels arriving at only tAvo ports — Charleston and Wilmington, from 1 November to 6 December, 1864, had been 43, and that only a very small portion of those outward- bound had been captured; that out of 11,796 bales of cotton shipped since 1 July, 1864, but 1,272 bales had been lost. And the special report of the Secretary of the Treasury in re lation to the same matter stated that there had been imported at the ports of Wilmington and Charleston since 26 October, 1864, 8,632,000 pounds of meat; 1,507,000 pounds of lead; 1,933,000 pounds of saltpetre; 546,000 pairs of shoes; 316,- 000 pairs of blankets; 520,000 pounds of coffee; 69,000 rifles ; 97 packages of revolvers ; 2,639 packages of medicines ; 43 cannon ; Avith a very large quantity of other articles. In addition to these articles, many valuable stores and supplies had been brought in by way of the Northern lines, by Avay of Florida, through the port of Galveston, and through Mexico across the Bio Grande. From 1 March, 1864, to 1 January, 1865, the value of the shipments of cotton on Confederate Government account was shoAvn by the Secretary's report to have been $5,296,000 in specie, of which $1,500,000 had been shipped out between 1 July and 1 December, 1864. A list of vessels Avhich Avere running; the blockade from Blockade Running. 355 Nassau and other ports in the period intervening between November, 1861, and March 1864 (Scharf's C. S. Navy, 488), shoAved that S4 steamers were engaged; of these 37 were captured by the enemy, 12 were totally lost, 11 Avere lost and the cargoes partially saA'ed, and one foundered at sea. They made 363 trips to Nassau and 65 to other ports. Among the highest number of runs made Avere those of the R. E. Lee, Avhich ran 21 times; the Fanny, AAdiich ran 18 times; the Margaret and Jessie, which performed the same feat. Out of 425 runs from Nassau alone (including schooners) only (52, about one in seAren, AA'ere unsuccessful. As freights were enormous, ranging from $300 to $1,000 per ton, some idea may be formed of the profits of a business in Avhich a party could afford to lose a vessel after two successful trips. In ten months of 1863, from January to October, 90 vessels ran into Wilmington. During August one ran in every other day. On 11 July, four, and five on 19 October. With the termination of blockade running, the commercial importance of Matamoras, Nassau, Bermuda, and other West India ports departed. On 11 March, 1865, there were lying in Nassau 35 British blockade-runners, Avhich were valued at $15,000,000 in greenbacks, and there were none to do them reA^erence. Their occupation was gone, their profits at an end, and some other service must be sought to give them em ployment. A description of Nassau at the time of Avhich I Avrite Avill be both interesting and instructive. Says Capt. Wilkinson: "It Avas a busy place during the war, the chief depot of sup plies for the Confederacy, and the port to which most of the cotton Avas shipped. Its proximity to the ports of Charleston and Wilmington gaA'e it superior advantages, whilst it was easily accessible to the SAvift, light-draft blockade-runners, all of AA-hich carried Bahama bank pilots, who knew every chan nel. The United States cruisers, having no bank pilots, and drawing more Avater, were compelled to keep the open sea. Occasionally one of the latter Avould heave to outside the har bor and send in a boat to communicate with the American Consul, but their usual cruising ground Avas off Abaco light. Nassau is situated upon the island of New Providence, one of 356 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the Bahamas, and it is the chief tOAvn and capital of the group. All of the islands are surrounded by coral reefs and shoals, through which are channels, more or less intricate. The distance from Charleston to Nassau is about 500 miles, and from Wilmington about 550. Practically they Avere equi-distant ; for blockade-runners bound for either port in order to evade the cruisers lying in Avait off Abaco, Avere com pelled to give that headland a Avide berth by keeping well to the eastward. The wharves of Nassau were piled high Avith cotton during the war, and huge Avarehouses were stowed full with supplies for the Confederacy. At times the harbor was croAvded Avith lead-colored, short-masted, rakish looking steamers ; the streets, alive with the bustle and activity of the day, SAvarmed with drunken reA^elers at night. Almost every nationality on earth was represented there, the high wages ashore and afloat tempting adventurers of the baser sort, and the prospects of enormous profits offering equally strong in ducements to capitalists of a speculative turn. Monthly wages of a sailor on board a blockade-runner were $100 in gold and $50 bounty at the end of a successful trip and this under favorable circumstances, would be accomplished in seven days. "The captains and pilots sometimes received as much as $5,000 and perquisites. On board the government steamers the creAv, which Avas shipped abroad and under the articles regulating the "merchant marine," received the same wages as Avere paid on board the other blockade-runners, but the cap tains and subordinate officers of the government steamers who belonged to the Confederate States NaA'y, and the pilots who were detailed from the army for this service,' received their pay in gold. There is a singular fact connected with the blockade-running vessels which speaks well for the Con federate States naval officers. Though many commanded a large number of these vessels, yet doAA'n to 16 August, 1864, and perhaps later, only one blockade-running vessel was lost." The Cape Fear pilots have long maintained a standard of excellence in their profession most creditable to them as a class and as individuals. The story of their Avonderful skill and bravery at the time of the Federal blockade has never been '•: BLOCKADE RUNNER "APVANCE.- BLOCKADE RUNNER "BANSHEE." BLOCKADE RUNNER •' COL. LAMB.1' Blockade Running. 357 written, for the survivors are modest men, and time has ob literated from their memories many incidents of this extra ordinary epoch. Amidst impenetrable darkness, without lightship or beacon, the narroAv and closely Avatched inlet was felt for with a deep sea lead, as a blind man feels his Avay along a familiar path, and even when the enemy's fire was raking the wheel-house the faithful pilot, with steady hand and iron nerve, safely steered the little fugitive of the sea to her desired haven. It might be said of him as of the Nan tucket skipper, that he could get his bearings on the darkest night by a taste of the lead. These are the names of some of the noted blockade-runners and their pilots, Avell known in Smithville thirty odd years ago: Steamer Cor nubia, afterAvards called The Lady Davis, C. C. Morse; steamer Giraffe, afterAvards knoAvn as the R. E. Lee, Archibald Guthrie ; steamer Fannie, Henry HoAvard ; steamer Hansa, J. N. Burruss; steamer City of Petersburg, Joseph Bensel; steamer Old Dominion, Richard Dosher; steamer Alice, Joseph Springs; steamer Margaret and Jes sie, Chas. W. Craig ; steamer Hebe, George W. Burruss ; steamer Ad-Vance, C. C. Morse; steamer Pet, T. W. Craig; steamer Atalanta, Thos. M. Thompson; steamer Eugenia, T. W. Newton; steamer Ella and Annie, J. M. Adkins; steamer Banshee, Thomas Burruss; steamer Venus, R. Sellars; steamer Don, William St. George; steamer Lynx, J. W. Craig: steamer Let Her Be, T. J. Burruss; steamer Little Hattie, R. S. Grissom ; steamer Lilian, Thomas Grissom ; steamer North Heath, Julius Dosher ; steamer Let Her Rip, E. T. Burruss; steamer Beauregard, J. W. Potter; steamer Owl, T. B. Garrason; steamer Agues Fry, Thomas Dyer; steamer Kate, C. C. Morse; steamer Sirene, John Hill; steamer Calypso, C. G. Smith; steamer Ella, John Savage; steamer Condor, Thomas Brinkman; steamer Coquette, E. T. Daniels ; steamer Mary Celeste, J. W. Anderson. Many other steamers might be named, among them the Britannica, Emma, Dee, Antonica, Victory, Granite City, Stonewall Jackson, Flora, Havelock, Hero, Eagle, Douro, Thistle, Sco tia, Gertrude, Charleston, Colonel Lamb, Dolphin, and 358 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Dream, whose pilots' names may be among those already re called. These are noted here from memory, for there is no record extant. All of these men Avere exposed to constant danger, and one of them, J. W. Anderson of the Mary Celeste, died a hero's death. Shortly after leaving the port of Nas sau on his last voyage, he Avas stricken doAvn by yelloAv fever. The captain at once proposed to put the ship about and return to the Bahamas, but his brave pilot said: "No, you may proceed. I will do my best to get you into port, even if it costs me my life." On the second day he Avas delirious, but as the little ship approached our dangerous coast he regained consciousness, and spoke of his home and the loved ones await ing his coming at Smithville. When darkness drew on, his fever increased and his condition seemed hopeless, but Avith the heart of a lion he determined to take his post on the bridge, and Avhen soundings Avere reached he was carried bod ily to the Avheel house, Avhere, supported by two of the sailors, he guided by feeble tones, the gallant ship through devious ways until the hostile fleet Avas passed. As the Avell known lights of his home appeared in the distance, his voice grew stronger, but tremulous, for he felt that he Avas nearing the end of life's voyage. "Starboard ; steady ; port ; ease her ; stop her; let go anchor" — Avith the rattle of the chains he sank to the deck, overcome by the dread disease, and on the foUoAving morning breathed his last. Alone; the coast mav still be seen the storm-beaten hulls of some of the unfortunate ships, Avhich after Aveathering many a gale at sea, came to grief Avithin sight of a friendly port. The Beauregard and the Venus lie stranded on Carolina Beach; the Modern Greece near NeAv Inlet; the Antonica on Frying Pan Shoals ; the Ella on Bald Head ; the Spunkey and the Georgiana McCall on CasAvell Beach; the Hebe and the Dee betAveen Masonboro and Wrightsville. Two others lie near Lockwood's Folly bar, and others A\'hose names are forgotten, lie half buried in the sands Avhere they may remain for centuries. THE BLOCKADE-RUNNER AD-VANCE. I haAre already quoted a part of Senator Z. B. Vance's address delivered in Baltimore in 1885, with reference to the Blockade Running. 359 operations of the State of North Carolina in blockade-run ning under his administration during the late Avar, and I noAv present the following communication prepared for the compiler by the late Colonel James G. Burr, of Wilmington, which will be read Avith interest by many of our older citizens who well remember the episode so felicitously described. "In the month of August, 1862, Zebulon B. Vance, then Colonel of a North Carolina Regiment serving the Army of Northern Virginia, and quite a young man, was elected Gov ernor of the State by a large majority. He did not seek the office, in fact, objected to the use of his name for the reason that he preferred the position which he then held in the army, and for the further reason that he thought he was too young to be Governor. The people, however, thought differently, and he Avas borne into office by a popular upheaval. With what energy and vigor he discharged his duties, how true he was in every vray to his State and people are matters of his tory and need not be referred to here. He Avas inaugurated the ensuing September and early in his administration he conceived the idea of purchasing for the State a steamer to ran the blockade at Wilmington, bringing in supplies for our soldiers in the field and our suffering people at home. "Colonel Thos. M. Crossan, formerly of the United States Navy, Avas accordingly sent to England with Mr. Hughes, of NeAv Bern, Avhere, in conjunction Avith Mr. John White, the agent of the State in England at the time, they purchased the fine side-Avheel steamer, Lord Clyde, then running between GlasgOAV and Dublin, Avhich name before her advent into Southern waters Avas changed to that of Advance or Ad-Vance, the latter in compliment to the distinguished Avar governor through Avhose instructions and active influence the purchase had been made. "In the Spring of 1863 the Advance made her first success ful trip through the blockaders and arrived safely in the har bor of Wilmington, bringing a large amount of much needed supplies. The Governor Avas informed of her arrival and came doAvn immediately, and the next day, Sunday, went doAvn on one of the river steamers Avith a number of his friends to the ship, which was lying at the quarantine station 360 North Carolina Troops. 1861-'65. about fifteen or sixteen miles below the city. After spending several hours on board examining the ship and partaking of the hospitalities of its officers, it was determined to take her up to the city Avithout Avaiting for a permit from the health officers, as it Avas assumed the Governor's presence on board would be a justification for the violation of quarantine reg ulations. Accordingly, steam Avas raised, and she came up to the city and Avas made fast to the Avharf in front of the Custom House. Then occurred a scene which is well re membered to this day by all Avho witnessed it. "Scarcely had the ship been secured to the A\'harf when a military gentleman in full uniform made his appearance, and though he was told that the A'essel belonged to the State, and that the Governor was on board, he seized the occasion to make a display of his authority and to magnify his OAvn im portance. With the manner of a Sir Oracle, and in a loud and commanding tone of voice, he peremptorily declared that no one should leave the ship, and ordered her immediate re turn to quarantine station doAvn the river. Governor Vance happened to be standing near the gangAvay, heard distinctly the rude speech of the military satrap and noticed his offen sive manner ; and his crest rose on the instant. With flash ing eyes he turned upon him, and in a voice of cencentrated passion exclaimed: "Do you dare to say, sir, that the Gov ernor of the State shall not leaA'e the deck of his own ship ?" The reply of the officer Avas of such a nature as to add fuel to the flames, and an exciting scene Avould doubtless have oc curred (for the Governor was young then and his blood was hot) had not his friends interposed and persuaded him to re tire to the cabin Avhere, after a while, his equanimity was re stored. In the meantime, the Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of Navigation, the late P. W. Fanning, Avho had been sent for, arrived upon the scene and promptly set tled the matter by giA'ing his permit for the ship to remain where she Avas, and the immediate landing of all aaIio desired to do so. The Governor Avas the first to step upon the gang way, and as he passed doAvn, he stopped for a moment, res pectfully saluted Mr. Fanning, and in a ringing voice ex claimed : "No man is more prompt to obey the civil au- Blockade Running. 361 thority than myself, but I will not be ridden over by epau lettes or bayonets." The large crowd Avhich had assembled gave him three cheers as he disappeared from vieAv and added three more for the gallant ship Ad-Vance, from whose masts and yards innumerable flags Avere flying in the breeze. "The Ad-Vance Avas a first-class ship in every respect; she had engines of great power which were very highly finished and her speed was good. With a pressure of twenty pounds to the square inch she easily averaged seventeen knots to the hour and Avhen it was increased to thirty pounds, she reeled off twenty knots Avithout difficulty. Her officers Avere: Col onel Crossan, Commander ; Captain Wylie, a Scotchman, who came over Avith her, Sailing Master ; Captain Geo. Morri son, Chief Engineer ; Mr. John B. Smith, Signal Officer. The only objection to her was her size and heavy draught of Avater, the latter rendering it difficult for her to cross the shoals, which at that time Avere a great bar to the navigation of the river, and in consequence of which she could never go out or return Avith a full cargo either of cotton or supplies. She ran the blockade successfully seven or eight trips, bring ing in all kinds of supplies — thanks to the energy and Avise foresight of our patriotic War GoArernor — that Avere so much needed by our troops and the people. The regularity of her trips was remarkable and could be calculated upon almost to the very day; indeed, it ay as common to hear upon the streets the almost stereotyped remark, 'To-morroAV the Ad-Vance will be in.' And Avhen the morrow came she could generally be seen gliding up to her dock with the rich freight of goods and Avares which Avere so greatly needed by our people. In the meantime, however, she had seAreral narroAV escapes from cap ture. Coming from Nassau on one occasion the weather being very stormy and a heavy fog prevailing, she ran ashore opposite Fort CasAvell and remained there two days. The sea Avas so rough that the blockaders could not approach near enough to do her any damage, and after discharging part of her cargo she Avas relieved from her perilous position and got safely into port. But the most exciting trip was one made in the month of July, 1864, from Bermuda. "She had on board as passengers a number of prominent 362 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. gentlemen, among them Marshall Kane, of Baltimore; Rev. Dr. Moses D. Hoge, of Richmond, Va., and others who had come down from St. Johns, NeAv BrunsAvick, and joined the ship at Bermuda, and Avho Avere extremely anxious to reach the Confederate States. By some error in calculation, in stead of making Cape Fear light at 3 a. m., as Avas intended, they made the light on Cape Lookout, a long distance out of their course. What Avas best to be done Avas the question to be solved, and to be solved at once, for daylight comes soon in July. The ship had scarcely enough coal in her bunkers to take her back to the port she had left and almost certain cap ture stared them in the face should they attempt to run in. HoAvever, it Avas determined to make the attempt, and the ship Avas headed for NeAv Inlet. Hugging the shore as closely as possible, with all steam on, she dashed down the coast with the speed of a thoroughbred on a hotly contested race course. Fortunately at that time many persons Avere engaged in mak ing salt on the coast, and the smoke rising from the works created a cloud or mist Avhich concealed the ship from the blockaders, although it Avas broad clay. But as she neared the inlet she Avas compelled to change her course further out to sea on account of a shoal or spit that makes out into the ocean at that point, and Avas immediately discovered by the blockading fleet Avho opened fire upon her and gave chase like a pack of hounds in eager pursuit of a much coAreted quarry. It Avas a most trying situation, for the ship Avas compelled to keep her course, although it carried her nearer and nearer to the enemy — until she could round the shoal and run in' to Avards the land Avhen she Avould be in comparative" safety. Shot and shell Avere flying around her in eArery direction, but she held steadily on, though rushing as it seemed to certain destruction, Avhen suddenly a roar Avas heard from the fort ; the heavy guns upon the mound had opened upon the pursu ers with such effect as to check their speed and force them to retire, and the gallant ship Avhich had been so hardly pressed, soon rounded the shoal and Avas safe beneath the shel tering guns of the fort. "But the pitcher that goes often to the fountain is broken at last, and the time came Avhen the career of the Ad-Vance as a Blockade Running. 363 blockade-runner was to cease forever. She Avas captured on her outward trip a few miles from our coast, owing to an in ferior quality of coal she Avas compelled to use Avhich Avas very bituminous and Avhich emitted a black smoke that betrayed her to the watchful eyes of the fleet; being surrounded by them, she Avas obliged to surrender with her cargo of cotton and her officers and creAv as prisoners. She was a noble ship, greatly endeared to the people of our State, and her capture was felt as a personal calamity. "With reference to her capture — her name having been in correctly referred to as the A. D. Vance, and being still mis quoted in the United States Navy Records, whence I obtained the accompanying illustration — the newspaper Carolinian, published in Fayetteville 17 September, 1864, said: "The loss of the A. D. Vance is a severe loss to our State. She has clone noble service for our North Carolina soldiers, and has paid for herself twenty times."" "In 1867 she, made her reapperance in the Avaters of the Cape Fear as the United States man-of-Avar Frolic, sent to this port to preArent the Cuban warship Cuba from leaving Wilmington, which duty Avas successfully performed. It happened on that occasion that Captain George Morrison, her former engineer, met some of her officers and was asked by them her rate of speed Avhile he had charge of her engines. He replied, "SeArenteen knots easily." "Impossible," they said, "for Ave haA^e not been able to get more than eight or nine out of her." "Something wrong then," said the captain, "and unless you have made some alterations in her machin ery, 1 will guarantee to drive her to Smithville (Southport) at a rate of seventeen knots an hour." He Avas cordially in vited on board to examine, did so, found that they had placed a damper Avhere it ought not to have been and which pre vented the generation of steam, renuwed it and then ran down to SmifliA'ille at the rate of nineteen knots an hour, to the great surprise of all on board." THE AUTHOR'S ADVENTURES. In the summer of 1864, the Confederate steamer Lilian, which had repeatedly reached the Confederacy under com- 364 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. mand of the gallant Captain John N. Maffitt, arrived at St. George's, Bermuda, after a successful run from Wilmington, with a cargo of cotton, Avhich was immediately transferred to the clipper ship Storm King, for Liverpool. I was then a lad of about 17 years of age, and had been left behind sick by my ship, the steamer North Heath, Avhich was subse quently loaded with stone and sunk in the channel of the Cape Fear river by the Confederate authorities, as an obstruc tion to the Federal fleet then threatening an invasion. For tunately for me, the purser of the Lilian, an Englishman, having decided that he had enough of the perils of blockade- running, tendered his resignation, and I, having been pre viously recommended by Capt. Maffitt, was at once appointed in his place. Much to the regret of our officers and men, Captain Maffitt Avas ordered home to take command of the ram A Ibemarle, and a skipper of greatly inferior ability suc ceeded him on the Lilian. Our ship was one of the finest of the large fleet of vessels then engaged in blockade running, and had been specially designed and built for good service, Avith a speed of fourteen knots an hour, Avhich in those days Avas considered very fast. Under the direction of Major Norman Walker, the Confederate agent and Quartermaster at St. George's, Ave soon completed our cargo of arms and am munition, blankets, bacon, flour, etc., and Avith a full crew of forty-eight men, proceeded towards Wilmington, about 720 miles distant. Shortly after getting under way, I began paying the crew the usual bounty money from several kegs of silver dollars Avhich had been rolled on board at the last moment, during Avhich I noticed from the sullen manner of nearly our whole complement of firemen that some trouble was breAving. Just as our pilot Avas leaving us, the firemen on duty struck Avork, and Avithout any reasonable excuse, demanded to be put ashore. We soon ascertained that it Avas simply a plot to "jump the bounty money," and the ship was put about and steered a straight course for the harbor, lying within which was the clipper ship already referred to. Running close aboard, our captain hailed him, Storm King ahoy ! Will you bring your officers and help us out Avith some mutineers ?" Plate owoedjiy University Publishing Cd THE CHASE OF THE ".LILLIAN. Blockade Running. 365 Aye, aye, sir, we will," came back the prompt response. In a few moments they were with us, and joined our captain, chief and second officer in an immediate attack upon the mal contents, Avho had retreated to the forecastle. Each man who refused to Avork Avas then unceremoniously knocked clown, dragged out, and put in irons, and in an almost in credibly short time Ave Avere steaming away to sea again. A few hours meditation in the calaboose without food or water, and the dread of further punishment AA'hen we reached the Confederacy, brought the unruly firemen to their senses and to their work. As night drew on we Avere out of sight of land, and with horizon clear of cruisers, began the usual precautions against chase or capture. The cabin lights Avere most carefully screened by heavy curtains across the port holes, and even the binnacle lamp was tightly covered, leaving only a small peep hole the size of a silver dollar, for the guidance of the quar termaster at the wheel. We saw and passed in darkness, sev eral vessels, being invisible to them, and at daAvn carefully avoided all those which appeared to be under steam ; one of the greatest dangers being the proximity of a hostile vessel at daybreak, or upon the clearing of a fog. On the morning of the second day Ave sighted several United States cruisers, but successfully evaded them. At noon of the third day we found ourselves in a heavy sea, about fifty miles to the north eastward of Cape Lookout, and as we approached nearer the land, Ave sighted a large man-of-war to windward, AA'hich speedily bore down upon us and soon got us within range of his heavy guns. Owing to the swell Avhich kept our paddles rolling out of Avater, we could not run aAvay, and for several hours both vessels steamed a parallel course, so nearly to gether that I could see the men at the guns, their broadside batteries raking us fore and aft every minute. Nothing but the heavy seaway upon which we bobbed up and down like a cork, thereby defeating their aim, saved us from destruc tion. We Avere truly in a bad position which was made worse by the collapse of one of our boilers, reducing our speed from twelve to eight knots, and by the abject fear of our panic- stricken engineers and stokers, who came up in a body and 366 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. begged the captain to surrender at once. But he had no no tion of such a thing, and having fortified himself Avith a bot tle of brandy and a big navy reArolver, was quite prepared to hold his oavii against all odds, and roundly swore he Avould shoot the first man avIio shirked his duty, a threat Avhich they evidently took in earnest, as they immediately Avent below to make the best of it. I had never been under fire before, and I confess the situation was painfully distressing to me. Every time the big, conical shells like nail kegs came tumbling over the rail, Avith their diabolical Availing shriek, my knees be came unmanageable and smote together in a most demoraliz ing AvaA'. I th ought ever a' moment Avould be the last, but after a AA'hile this desperate feeling Avas OArercome, and I was comparatiArely indifferent to the firing Avhich, strange to say, did us very little damage. Our pursuer gradually forced us nearer the breakers, along which Ave dashed Avith fore and aft sails set, thereby steadying our ship and making better speed. The cruiser being of much deeper draft, kept well off shore and continued a constant and heavy fire AAdiich did no harm, the shells passing well over us and landing in the surf. Our captain, expecting to strike bottom, ordered life boats lowered to the rail, and the crew to take their stations the moment the ship Avas stranded. I greatly admired the pluck of seA'eral officers of the Con federate cruiser Georgia, who were returning home as our passengers, and who amused themselves by measuring Avith their sextants the distance between the contending ships, and by noting Avith their Avatches the time between the flash of the guns and the passing of the projectiles. They were so sure of capture, hoAvever, that they unfortunately threw overboard some valuable rifles and other personal property Avhich might have been saved. I threAv the Confederate mail bag into the furnace, by order of the captain as he seemed to think it Avas quite useless to risk the lives of our crew any longer. As the sun Avent down, however, we were inspired with. some hope of escape, which increased as night drew on and it became apparent that the cruiser was hauling off a little, evidently fearing shoal Avater in the darkness. Of course we were careful to make no lights, and later on Ave Avere over- Blockade Running. 367 joyed to sec that he was firing Avildly and forging farther ahead. When it became too dark for him to see us, he burned Drummond lights and sent up rockets, hoping to attract other cruisers to his assistance, but none responded ; and then our captain determined upon a bold movement. LoAvering our sails, Ave came to a full stop and anxiously aAvaited the result. To our great joy, the enemy continued on his course, firing from his broadside guns, under the delusion that Ave were still in the same position. As soon as he got Avell ahead of us, we changed our course and ran under his quarter unob served, leaA'ing him firing at the breakers, the roar of Avhich had overcome the sound of our paddles as Ave crossed his wake and sped onwards towards NeAv Inlet. And noAv a neAv and perhaps greater danger confronted us. By a careful computation it Avas ascertained that in our crippled condition Ave could not possibly reach the bar before daylight, but as our reduced speed would not save us in a chase, our captain resolved to run the gauntlet of the block aders rather than risk capture at sea during the next day. We passed a very anxious night, watching with the utmost solicitude our unsatisfactory progress as Ave labored through a heavy sea toAvards our dangerous destination. At the first streak of dawn Ave were off Masonboro Sound, and soon after distinguished through the haze no fewer than eight block aders apparently Avaiting to gobble us up. To our astonish ment, hoAvever, they took no notice of our approach, as our ship Avas painted the exact color of the sand dunes along the beach, which Ave hugged as closely as Ave dared, and steered straight for the fleet, through Avhich Ave passed without a gun being fired; and Avhen Ave anchored off Fort Fisher it was broad daylight. We learned afterAvards that the blockaders had not observed us until Ave were quite near the bar, and then they believed, until it Avas too late, that Ave had come to join the fleet; a steamer of our description being then due. We received a hearty welcome from the boarding officer at Fort Fisher, and steamed up towards Wilmington shortly after wards. While passing Fort Anderson, a gun Avas fired, but having received no intimation at Fort Fisher that Ave would be detained on the river, Ave continued our course, Avhich was 368 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. immediately arrested by another gun sending a round shot through out rigging. We were boarded by Lieutenant Mc- Nair (still knoAvn as crazy Mac) Avho laughingly remarked that his next shot would haA^e sunk us, as his orders were to stop all vessels passing the fort, for inspection. After this function Avas completed, Ave continued our course to Wilming ton, Avhere Ave were boarded by the quarantine physician, the late Dr. William George Thomas, Avho Avas greatly interested and amused by my description of our exciting adventure. Our ship was consigned to Messrs. DeRosset & Brown, the collector of the port at that time being Major Henry Savage. We discharged cargo at a Avharf near the foot of Chestnut street and dropped doAvn to the Clarendon Iron Works for re pairs, Avhich caused a detention of three weeks. During this time several changes Avere made in our crew. The engineers were discharged and sent through the blockade as passengers on another steamer, and several stokers who had behaA-ed badly during the chase were summarily dealt with. When ready for our outward freight, Ave were laden with 1,250 bales of cotton at the Confederate cotton press, Avhich stood on the west side of the river below the ferry, and which was subsequently destroyed by fire, together with a large quantity of cotton. The unbroken brick chim ney still stands like the leaning tOAver of Pisa, a conspicuous relic of an extraordinary era in the foreign trade of Wil mington. It Avas almost a universal custom of the officers of block ade-runners to smuggle a feAV bales of cotton for their per sonal benefit along Avith the cargo — but I had received strict orders from our new captain not to take any on my account, nor to permit any one else on board a single bale. I was simple enough to follow his instructions, notwithstanding the fact that he, Avith characteristic duplicity, had a dozen bales put on board secretly at night for himself. I was not sorry a few days after to see this sharp adventure go overboard Avith the rest of the deck load to lighten the ship during an exciting chase by a Federal cruiser. The bales were bound with rope, and axes Avere used to cut them asunder when pitched OArer the rail, in order that they would fall to pieces Blockade Running. 369 in the sea before being picked up by the pursuers at their leisure. Sometimes the wake of a blockade-runner could be traced for miles by floating bales of cotton Avhich were throAvn over in an emergency. I remember, Avhile a prisoner on board the United States steamer Keystone State, seeing the creAv pick up as many as a hundred bales in the Gulf Stream, which were held together by the bagging only. On 22 August, 1864, the Lilian hauled out from the cotton press on the Avest side of the Cape Fear, and anchored in the stream, ready for her sixth voyage through the blockade. The Federal squadron, flushed with numerous captures of prizes, had become more aggressive and the cordon of Avatch- ful blockaders more closely draAvn than ever before. In addition to the ships of war, numerous armed launches patrolled the bar and river under coArer of the darkness. These scouting barges proved to be to the alert blockaders what the sacred cackling geese Avere to the sleeping Romans, for they lay in the track of incoming and outgoing steamers, and at the constant risk of being run down, gave quick and timely warning to the enemy of any approaching vessel, by burning Drummond lights and by firing their rockets and hoAvitzers after the phantom steamers, as they loomed up and quickly disappeared in the gloom. It Avas said that occa sional captures were made of timid blockade-runners by these small fry, but only such as were open to the charge of cow ardice took any notice of their hail beyond an immediate at tempt to run them down. Extraordinary preparations had been made for a success ful voyage. In addition to the usual cargo of about 1,200 bales of cotton, we had five Cape Fear pilots on board, four of Avhom Avere passengers, going out for as many new steamers awaiting them in Bermuda. Tavo of the five survive, the other three have run their last course and "crossed the bar." Young Tom Grissom, our ship's pilot, fearless and daring to the last, Avas lost during a memorable gale some years ago Avith four others in the ill-fated Mary K. Sprunt. Joseph Thompson and William Craig died some years ago ; James W. Craig, a highly respected citizen, is still to the fore, and 24 370 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. James Bell is noAv a \\Tell knoAvn pilot at Fernandina, Florida. After the usual precautions against spies and stoAvaways by the cruel test of fumigation, and fareAvell tokens to the thirsty officers from the forts, Ave Avere at last free to face the music Avith Avhich Ave Avere usually greeted in our attempts to get outside. Wliile feeling our Avay cautiously in the darkness, and before Ave reached the first line of blockaders, a large barge appeared close aboard from Avhich came the warning cry, "Heave to, or I'll sink you." Instantly our helm went hard a-port in the pilot's eagerness to run him doAvn. The barge Avas too Avary, hoAvever, as striking our sponsons with an unsuccessful cast of his grappling irons, he fired his signal rocket almost simultaneously with his bow gun and quickly dropped astern. The silence was now broken by the order "Full speed ahead!" folloAved by a blinding glare of pyrotechnics from every ship in the squadron, and by a pandemonium of artillery both deafening and confusing. I can neA'er forget the antics, on this occasion, of our second steAvard, old Mickey Mahoney, avIio, calling upon all the saints in the calendar for deliArerance, tumbled headlong doAvn the companioiiAvay, Avith such groans and shrieks of ter ror, that Ave thought the poor fellow had gone mad. The cannonading Avas a repetition of the Kilkenny cat fight, as the shells crashing over us were apparently doing more damage to the fleet than to us. Boom ! Boom ! went their heavy ordnance, Avith such rapidity and recklessness that Ave drove at our best speed Avithout serious damage, and in half an hour had left them all behind except one of their fastest ships Avhich pursued us until nearly daylight, when he returned to the station. After the storm, the calm. Next morning daAvned upon a scene so quiet, so peaceful, that the events of the night seemed but an ugly dream AA'hich passed aAvay Avith the dark ness. The sea, like glass, Avith not a ripple upon its surface, dense Avhite clouds above the horizon reflecting the glory of the sun resplendent in the east; the watch on deck tranquil and motionless, with naught to disturb the profound stillness save the monotonous rumble of our feathered paddles as the Blockade Running. 371 staunch little ship sped on her course toward the distant Ber mudas. To some of us, the danger of yelloAV fever, A\diich Avas then raging in St. George's, Avas more dreadful than that of the blockade. Among the hundreds of its victims some Aveeks later Avere many gallant Southerners, including our genial friend and felloAv toAA'nsman, Captain Robert Williams, purser of the Index. At eight bells, Avhich Avas announced from the bridge, but never struck unless in port, the lookout in the croAv's nest aloft aroused the sleepy company Avith his shrill cry of "Sail ho!" "Where aAvay ?" responded the skipper. "Two points on the starboard boAv, sir." At first only a thin haze was A'isible ; • then the spars and hull of an unmistakable cruiser gradually came into view, shoAving a de cided inclination for closer acquaintance. Again the warning cry from aloft : "On deck there. An other steamer on the starboard beam. He rises fast, sir, and is heading for us !" Almost immediately a third steamer appeared dead ahead. Our course was then changed to bring tAvo steamers abeam and one astern, and a few minutes later tAA'o more steamers joined in the chase from the port boAv. We had run into the Gulf Stream squadron, the second cor don of gunboats in the track of the blockade runners one day out, by Avhich many were picked up at daybreak Avho, having escaped the previous night, found themselves under the guns of a cruiser in the haze of the morning. Hopeful and fairly confident of our ability to outstrip the first three pursuers, we had run up a new Confederate flag in the face of our en emies, Avhich Avas soon made the target of their artillerists, and carried aAvay in the beginning of the fray. The shriek ing shells from three directions Avhich passed far ahead of us in line shots, proved very soon our inability to get away; nevertheless, our Captain determined to attempt an escape by running between the two nearest ships, Keystone State and Gettysburg, thus getting them Avithin the danger line of their own fire, as Avell as that of our other pursuers. The Lilians engines Avere already going at such speed that it Avas impossible to stand the heat of the fire room more than a few minutes at a time, while she tore through the water 372 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. like a thoroughbred on a race course. As we rapidly ap proached the two ships in close action, it seemed as if we were running into the jaws of destruction. Their firing was frightfully accurate; the spray from the falling and plung ing shells flying over the rail and into our faces. Old Bos ton dragging behind, managed to make himself both heard and felt as he blazed away with his heavy bow chaser. After about three hours of this hot Avork, a conical shell from the Gettysburg pierced us in the starboard boAv just below the water line, which sent a sharp quiver through the entire ship and caused such a rush of water into the forehold that our speed Avas immediately slackened, and the Lilian for the first time refused the helm. Ineffectual efforts were made to stop up the hole with blankets, and Avithin another half hour of keen suspense, came the reluctant last order, "Hard a-port! Ease her! Stop her!" and the little vessel lay motionless like a dying stag surrounded by his foes. A barge from the Gettysburg Avas quickly alongside, joined later by one from the Keystone State, and a Federal officer, making his way to the bridge and to our sullen and disgusted commander, formally declared the Lilian a prize to the United States, and the ship's company prisoners of war. Many of our peo ple then hastily prepared such valuables and clothing as could be readily taken with them, but, lost in contemplation of the novel and startling scene, I continued to gaze Avith Avonder until Ave were unceremoniously hustled aAvay to the Keystone Slate, when I realized that I had left nearly every thing behind. A feAV Aveeks of imprisonment, sleeping upon a hard floor, developed such holes in the posterior of my nether garment, that I was obliged to strike a hard bargain with our chief officer, Bill Jones, and envelop my attenuated extremities in an old pair of his trousers intended for a person twice my size. After the Avar Avas over, this worthy, Avhile captain ol the schooner Luola Murchison, made a formal demand of "tAvelve dollars for them pants," Avhich Avas promptly paid Avith some mental reservation. Some of our officers and men, including the Captain, Avere kept on the Gettysburg, but the majority were transported Blockade Running. 373 to the Keystone State, commanded by a gentleman of the old naAry, Pierce Crosby, Avho subsequently became an Admiral, and who is, I believe, still living in Washington. I found that my company was immediately desired in the ward-room, where several impatient officers were Avaiting, with pencils in hand, to ascertain their proportion of prize money ; and having no reason to conceal facts Avhich would be inevitably revealed later, I gave them, as purser, all the information about our cargo necessary to make them, in turn, most cour teous and considerate in their treatment of myself and ship mates during our confinement on board. I was assigned quarters in the ward-room, Avhere I messed Avith the lieu tenants and paymaster; a comfortable hammock and a ser vant to attend to me, Avith every necessary convenience, made me feel more like a guest than a prisoner, the only restric tion being between sunset and sunrise, during Avhich I was required to be below. Shortly after our arrival on board the Keystone State, our company was mustered on deck and sent in squads of two for examination by the commander below. The five pilots al ready referred to had agreed at the moment of surrender, to personate firemen, and each passed inspection, apparently without suspicion, until Tom Grissom, our regular pilot, was called down with me. He was interrogated first, and in an- SAver to the question as to his place of residence ashore, re sponded promptly, to my amazement, "Smithville, North Carolina." I saAv at once from the quick, searching look of our inquis itor, that our pilot had betrayed himself, it being well knoAvn that Smithville was a pilot village, and special efforts having been made by the United States authorities to apprehend the Smithville pilots who were indispensable to the success of blockade running. Indeed, nearly every man examined, Avas urged to inform on the ship's pilot, our captors never dream ing Ave had no feAver than five on board. When, some weeks after, nearly all of our people Avere released, Mr. Grissom, as might ha\'e been expected, Avas detained and confined in prison for several months. I did all I could to avert suspi cion from him during our united confinement, but it proved 374 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. ineffectual. On our return to the deck we saw in the faces of our companions that something had gone wrong in our ab sence. While Messrs. Bell and Craig Avere quietly congrat ulating each other upon the apparent success of their rase, they saw approaching them the pilot, Avho had come aboard to take the Keystone State into Beaufort harbor, and who, to their consternation, proved to be George F. Bowen, a Cape Fear pilot who had been decoyed on board a Federal gun boat in the early part of the Avar and induced to remain in the service until the close. They naturally feared exposure by Bowen's recognition, or by his information to the Fed eral officer, but Avere reassured by his apparent indifference as he passed them. A feAV minutes later Mr. BoAven repassed us and looking furtively at our party, said in a Ioav voice, to our intense relief: "Don't recognize me; you are safe. I Avill not betray you." The Lilian in the meantime had been temporarily re paired and sent for adjudication to Philadelphia, Avhere she was subsequently fitted out as a gun-boat, and took part in the bombardment of Fort Fisher. For several days our life on board the Keystone State Avas pleasant enough, chasing blockade-runners, picking up cotton Avhich had been thrown overboard by a hard-pressed Confederate, and communicat ing with other vessels of the Federal squadron, of AA'hich Avas the Monticello, commanded by the celebrated Lieutenant Cushing, Avho Avas nearly sunk by Colonel Lamb's batteries Avhile in our company, a large ragged hole in his hull between wind and Avater proving the accuracy of Fort Fisher's gun ners. Our easement was soon ended, hoAvever, for one unlucky morning Ave were transported to a casemate inside of Fort Macon, North Carolina, then occupied by a battalion of North Carolinians, knoAvn by the Confederates as "Buffa loes," who had joined the Federal army. Our treatment at the hands of these people was the reverse of that receiAred on the Keystone State. There Avas not sufficient space in our quarters for us all to lie doAvn at once, and consequently I slept nightly for seA^eral Aveeks Avith my head upon my neigh bor on one side and my legs over another. Our food was Blockade Running. 375 served twice daily and Avas of the coarsest description, but we were permitted to buy butter, crackers, sardines and the like at high prices from the sutler. We Avere alloAved to march out upon the parapet for an hour daily, under guard, from Avhich Ave gazed with longing eyes upon the opposite shore in Dixie's Land. From Fort Macon Ave were transferred to an old tub still sailing out of Boston, which shall be nameless. This vessel was com manded by a volunteer captain of the United States navy ; a character unspeakably different from that of the gentlemen of the regular navy. I was at once confined between decks, de nied any liberty, and forced to mess Avith our sailors and fire men upon salt pork and mouldy hardtack, with the bare deck for a bed and rats for companions. Hoav I loathed that ship and its beastly commander during the long, miserable days and nights, rolling and pitching on the Atlantic, Avithout the least hint of our destination or fate ! It seemed an age be fore we were ordered out of our hold and Avere transferred to Fortress Monroe, where Ave were again mustered and some of our number sent to Fort Delaware and others to Point Lookout. Upon our release from confinement as prisoners of war at Fortress Monroe, I joined a small party of the Lilian's of ficers and, by the help of one of our number Avho had dis creetly hidden several twenty dollar gold pieces under his shirt, Ave proceeded to Boston — a dangerous place for South erners at that time — Avhere Ave found a steamer bound for St. John, NeAv BrunsAvick, via Eastport, Maine, by Avhich we hurriedly embarked, and in a few days landed again upon British soil. The tide at St. John's rises more than forty feet, owing to the extraordinary formation of the Bay of Fnndy, and having occasion to return to the steamer a few hours after our arrival, I was astonished to find the vessel above the level of the Avharf, upon Avhich Ave had required a ladder to debark. From St. John Ave travelled by train to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where we reported to the Confederate agent, Alexan der Keith, Jr. This person, the son of an eminent gentle man, said to be a member of the Provincial Parliament, Avas 376 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. at that time one of the most popular Southern sympathizers. He was a man of fine presence, good business qualifications, courteous and amiable to a degree. He was trusted by all, and he acted as banker for nearly every Southerner Avho came his way. Halifax was then the center of large Con federate interests. Several Confederate Avar steamers Avere there, among them the Chickamauga and the Tallahassee. It was the rendezvous of blockade-runners Avho had escaped from confinement or who had been discharged after several months detention by the Federals. Keith was attentive to all of them. When the war ended he suddenly disap peared Avith the cash entrusted to him. Several years after, there Avas a great explosion upon the deck of a German mail steamer which produced a sensation throughout the entire world. An infernal machine, in tended to wreck the Moselle, had prematurely exploded on the quay and killed and maimed a large number of persons, among whom was the shipper, under an assumed name. This man, mortally Avounded, Avas eagerly questioned by the police as to his diabolical plans and accomplices; the only clue they obtained from bis incoherent ravings Avas an intimation that he had been in some Avay connected with the Confederacy, and strangely enough he said something about Captain Maf fitt and my ship, the Lilian. The authorities took photo graphs of him, which Avere imperfect because of the reclining position of the dying man. Further investigation after his death revealed one of the most fiendish plots in commercial history ; largo shipments of bogus goods had been made by the liner, and heavily insured by this stranger, avIio had designed a clock machine intended, it Avas said, to explode three days after the sailing of the steamer, and sink her Avith all on board. For many months the secret service detectives Avere Avorking on this case; at length one of them came to Wil mington and questioned me about the man avIiosc picture Avas exhibited. Neither I nor any of the pilots at Smithville could identify him, although his face was strangely familiar to me. The detective Avent away, but returned in a feAV Avecks and asked me if I had knoAvn a man named Keith. "Yes," T at once replied, "and he Avas the author of this Blockade Running. 377 awful crime." Such proA'ed to be the case. It was the old story of depraved associates and the doAvnward road to ruin. Halifax was an important fish market. The codfish trade stowed the stock of dried fish in the open wharves in stacks of several tons in weight for convenient shipment in bulk, prin cipally to the West Indies. The city market for fresh fish Avas perhaps the finest on the continent. Running sea water through large glass tanks above the street level kept the live fish in the best condition, from Avhich they were taken as de sired Avith scoop nets. At that time communication with Bermuda was suspended because of the prevailing epidemic of yelloAV fever, Avhich carried off a large proportion of the population of St. George's and Hamilton. Being therefore obliged to remain in Halifax for several weeks, I obtained comfortable quarters in a private boarding house, Avith a friend from Smithville, Avho was Avaiting to pilot another steamer to the Confederacy. He esteemed himself above the common herd of his profession, and although possessing the excellent traits of courtesy and kindliness, Avas pompous and illiterate in his manner of speech. He was not a pilot, he said, but a pilate, AA'hich pretension, coupled with the gener ous girth of his waist-band, suggested the nickname of "Paun- chious Pilate," Avhich has stuck in my mind ever since. At length the brig Eliza Barse was advertised to sail for Ber muda and I Avas directed to take passage in her for St. George's and join the neAv steel steamer Susan Beirne, AA'hich was expected to arrive shortly for blockade-running service. I accordingly sailed on the brig Avith several others who decided to risk the yellow fever in the islands, then reported as dimin ishing. Our A'essel Avas old and badly found, as we soon real ized to our dismay. The food Avas coarse and limited, ascer taining AA'hich just before sailing, one of our party supple mented it Avith a bushel of hard, green pears of the variety that never ripens, the effect of Avhich is still a painful mem ory. We had scarcely left Nova Scotia A\dien Ave ran into stormy Aveather, during which our captain lost his reckoning and af ter floundering about in search of more competent navigators, the sun and stars having been obscured for several days and 378 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. nights, we sighted in the distance a French barque, which we immediately attempted to signal. Our halyards parted be fore the flags reached the truck of the mainmast; we then tried the foremast Avith like result ; the signal halyards were rotten. After some delay a ne\v line Avas found and fearing to order a man aloft in such a sea, the captain called for a volunteer to reeve the halyards. A big, ordinary seaman came forAvard and Avith the end of the line in his mouth, got safely up the shrouds, but Avhen he began to climb the main top-gallant mast our hearts stood still, for Avith each lurch and roll of the ship his body sAvung out in mid air, supported only by the grip of his hands upon the stays. Viewed from the deck, Ave expected each moment to be his last, the frightful arc described by the rolling top-gallant mast appalling every one of us, accustomed as Ave Avere to the dangers of the sea. The captain, by shouts and signs, ordered him back, but the poor felloAv could neither go up nor come doAvn until a fortu nate roll of the ship enabled him to clasp his legs around the stays. When he reached the deck a few minutes later he Avas weeping from the neiwous shock. None of the sailors Avould attempt the feat, and the captain Avas in despair until the mulatto cook volunteered to go. From his first steps on the futtock shrouds Ave felt that he Avould succeed ; agile and alert he reached the main truck, through Avhich he reeved the line and descended Avithout accident. It Avas grand to see the Frenchman respond to our signals of distress; raised to the mountain tops of a raging sea until his copper glistened above the Avaves, he Avould then plunge doAvmvard into the hollow troughs beyond our viVav, to reappear again and again as we dreAv nearer. Presently two men ascended her main rig ging, holding a blackboard, upon Avhich in large chalk letters Avas shoAvn her last reckoning. With thanks Ave parted, to meet some hours later a greater peril. It happened at night in a heavy sea. I Avas sitting on deck Avhen a puff of smoke came from the poop. I ran aft and found the binnacle lamp upset and the cabin on fire. Our only boat was an old rotten affair, fastened upon chocks on deck, unseaAvorthy and utterly useless. It Avas, therefore, an exciting time until Ave succeeded by the use of buckets Blockade Running. 379 over the side, in putting out the fire. We landed at Ber muda after a voyage of two Aveeks, and joined a few survi vors of the plague, among them Signal Officer Gregory, of North Carolina, Avho reported the death of Captain Robert Williams, of Wilmington, formerly commander of the Wil mington Rifle Guards. A feAV days afterAvards the Susan Beirne arrived under command of Captain Wylie, of the Ad-Vance, and Eugene Maffitt as first officer. They gave her a bad name, which she fully sustained upon subsequent acquaintance. Built of steel one-eighth of an inch thick, for space and speed, she was too frail for service at sea, and quite unfit for heavy Aveather. To look upon, she was a beautiful specimen of marine architecture, long and narrow, Avith a speed of four teen knots — a type of the latest designs for blockade-running, regardless of the lives of those on board. We began at once to load the neAv steamer at the Confederate States' agency, and proceeded to sea, bound for Wilmington. Trouble ap peared AA'hen Ave Avere only five hours out. The weather was threatening AAdien Ave sailed, but the moon was increasing and dark nights Avere indispensable to successful blockade-run ning. There Avas no time to spare and our captain decided to risk the chances of bad weather in the hope that our speed Avould run us through the worst of it in a f eAv hours. On the second day Ave encountered a storm AA'hich soon strained our frail vessel, and caused a dangerous leak. Before midday the storm increased to a hurricane. The leaks multiplied, as the rivets Avhich held the steel plates gave Avay, and twelve of our fourteen furnaces Avere soon submerged. All hands were put to work bailing and pumping, but the Avater gained on us until Ave feared the ship Avould founder at any moment. When night dreAv on the scene Avas appalling; sometimes the ship would AvalloAv in the depths like a log, the added weight of Avater in her hold keeping her doAvn until Ave feared she would never rise again. Some of our men, exhausted by the continued strain of unceasing work, fell at their posts and be came unconscious. I will never forget the horrors of that night ; running through the fleet under fire Avould have been welcome relief. The vivid flashes of lightning illuminated 380 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. the black and angry sky in which there was no hope of the storm's abatement. The *men Avere tied to life lines, hag gard and despairful as they toiled wearily at the pumps. Steadily the leaks gained until the firemen stood in water up to their hips. Our lives depended upon getting the ship about so that Ave could head her for Bermuda. This move ment Avould bring us broadside to the sea, and the captain Avaited several hours for a favorable lull in Avhich to make the venture. At last he put the helm hard over and took the only alternative ; great masses of Avater surged over the side and for several moments Ave sank into the trough until it seemed Ave Avould ne\rer rise again. A merciful Providence spared us ; the ship groaned and shook as if she would go to pieces under the strain, but Ave got her head to the wind, and steered back toAvards St. George's. On the morning of the third day Ave sighted the islands. The Avater in the fire rooms was re duced by the pumps so that Ave could drive along at a four teen knot pace. The captain, worn Avith anxiety and lack of sleep, and perhaps stupid from the effect of stimulants, forgot the dangerous reef Avhich runs miles out from the islands, and suddenly, Avithout a moment's warning, our ship struck the rocky bottom Avith terrible force, tearing a hole in the 1>oav, through which the water rushed like a mill stream. The concussion thrcAv us flat on the deck, and our captain, losing his head completely, sang out : "All hands take to the boats !" Immediately the firemen and stokers and sailors rushed to the side, some of them so frantic with fear that I saw them chop Avith an axe the iron davits, the falls of AA'hich they had fouled in their eagerness to escape. In the midst of this exciting scene, I saAv General Preston, who was a passenger wilh us, dragging a large trunk about the deck in a vain endeavor to get it in one of the boats. Our signal officer, Mr. Gregory, stood with me waiting for the panic to subside. We noticed that the engines AA'ere still driving at full speed ahead, and Ave supposed that the en gineer on duty had fled. Such, hoAvever, was not the case. There Avas one man who had kept his head, our chief en gineer, Jack Chambers, of Georgia, who Avas fortunately on duty AA'hen the ship struck. Our captain had not ordered the Blockade Running. 381 engines stopped and Chambers said he never acted without orders from the bridge. Consequently, his presence of mind saA'ed the ship and our lives ; the furious movement of the paddle Avheels lifted the steamer OA'er the reef into deep Avater and then Ave ran for the beach upon which, inside the harbor, Ave were stranded a short time afterwards. Several weeks were spent in patching up, by means of divers whose moA'ements under the water so interested our captain that he decided to put on the diving dress and descend to inspect the work. He had scarcely reached the bottom, about twenty feet deep, Avhen he made frantic signals to be hauled up again, and he declared upon the removal of the helmet that he had seen the devil or a shark making straight for him, and that he thought his end had come. We, of his subordi nates, inclined to the latter hypothesis, because Ave believed that the former was his warm, personal friend who need not haA'e sought the captain in such an out-of-the-Avay place. We failed to get permission from the British Government to use the naA'al dry-dock, and we found it necessary to proceed to Nassau in a crippled condition, to complete repairs on the public dock there. For several days Ave did not secure a crew, OAving to the unseaworthy condition of the ship, but at last Ave signed on a sufficient number at high Avages, and after an uneventful voyage reached Nassau, AA'here Ave were im mediately docked. While AA'e were repairing at Nassau, the Confederate steamer Owl, commanded by Captain Maffitt, appeared in the offing and later ran close past us in the harbor, a shot hole through her funnel, several more in her hull, standing rig- ¦ ging in rags, and other indications of a hot time, confirming our apprehensions that she had failed to reach the Confeder acy. A feAV minutes later the gallant Maffitt reported that Fort Fisher had fallen and that Charleston harbor Avas also in possession of the Federals. The gateway to the South was at last closed and the occupation of blockade-runners was at an end. It was not believed that the war would terminate so soon after, and I accepted an invitation to join Major Green, Avith dispatches for the Confederate Government from representa- 382 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. tiA'cs abroad, which he proposed to take in our steam launch by way of Florida. This launch Avas forty feet long and could steam about ten miles an hour. Our chief engineer, Mr. Lockhart, and his first assistant, Mr. Carroll, and one of John Morgan's men, an escaped prisoner, accompanied us. We parted with our friends, some of AA'hom tried to dissuade us from what they termed a foolhardy undertaking, by Avhich they said, Ave Avere certain to lose our lives. We hoped to reach the Florida coast in tAvo days, instead of AA'hich Ave Avere more than a month on the way. The first night out from Nassau, one of the cylinder heads broke, and when morning dawned Ave got out our oars and laboriously toiled until evening to reach the island of Green Turtle Cay, inhabited entirely by negroes, none of Avhom could aid us in repairing the damage to our engine. Mr. Lockhart fell desperately sick with internal inflammation, and I took the part of nurse for tAvo weeks. The situation Avas most depressing. Upon Lockhart's recovery, Ave de cided to abandon the launch, and a small schooner used for sponging at the islands Avas purchased for the voyage to Flor ida. Captain Wark, a Bahama pilot, and two negro boys, Avere employed to sail her, and they were to be rewarded Avith the vessel if they landed us safely. Our food consisted of fish Avhich Ave caught AA'ith hook and line over the side, fried bacon and hardtack. There Avas room for only three of us to lie doAvn, so Ave ar ranged watches accordingly. Our morning ablutions were simple. We Avashed our faces in the green sea, Avhich was only sixteen inches from the deck of the vessel. I would not iioav cross the Cape Fear in such a craft, and I look back in Avonder and thankfulness that our lives were spared through the dangers of that expedition. We had fine Aveather for ten days at sea, otherAvise our frail craft would never have seen the land again. At last we sighted the tall, Avhite lighthouse on. Cape Carnavoral, off Avhich a mile distant we anchored and proceeded tAvo at a time in our cockle shell of a dingy to land in the surf. I was much interested at the sight of cormorants fishing in a circle off the Cape. These creatures assembled there by thousands, and, forming a huge Blockade Running. 383 circle on the Avater about a mile in circumference, gradually narroAved the inside space by SAvimming towards the center, driving the fish before them and filling their peculiar and spacious pouches under their bills until they Avere too heavily laden to fly. I Avaited on board until the last passage to the beach. The others had landed in safety, although with wet skins. Before leaving the schooner, Captain Wark warned me against standing up in the small boat Avhile in the break ers, Avhich Avould inevitably capsize it. This precaution Avould have been heeded but for a school of ravenous sharks which met us on the way and seized the two oars, breaking them like pipe stems in their ugly mouths. The negro boy who Avas with me in the boat became panic-stricken and stood up against my Avarning as Ave entered the surf on a big roller. We Avere instantly throAvn high in the air, the boat came down Avith a crash and I found myself on the bottom claAving the sand until I emerged upon dry land. The others rushed in and saA'ed the darkey and the boat, upon Avhich he managed to return to the schooner. With a AvaA'e of the hand, Captain Wark hoisted sail and left us helpless on the beach. We tramped to the lighthouse about a mile aAvay and found it dismantled and deserted. From its lantern gallery, sixty feet high, Ave surveyed the Cape upon which there Avas no human habitation. We then set out to walk across the Cape and reached an old landing on the estuary of St. John's river, which we afterwards learned Avas called the Bay of Biscay be cause of its exposed position and rough sea. Here we found a rough batteau hewn from a cypress log, and in it our entire party of five persons crossed that dangerous sea, fourteen miles, to the main land. I neA'er in all my life had seen so many alligators ; Avithin a cable's length of our boat I counted forty-five large ones. In paddling our canoe we carefully avoided them, but several of these ugly creatures rose within a feAV feet of our boat. We Avere thankful to get on shore again and we shaped our course at once to Avalk toward Ocala, one hundred and seventy-five miles distant. The spring had been unusually dry and we suffered much during the first two days from lack of drinking Avater. We were armed with sheath knives and pistols strapped to our Avaists. The former 384 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Avere A'ery useful for digging holes two feet deep in the porous earth through Avhich enough brackish Avater oozed to quench our thirst. On the third evening at dusk I missed my knife and Avent back to look for it, the others going forward. The road was blind and the darkness settled upon me so rapidly that I lost my Avay. The melancholy cry of the AvhippoorAvill met me at every turn, and I realized for the second time in my life a sense of abject and hopeless fear. I recalled to the minutest detail a similar experience Avhen I had been sent from a kins man's plantation in Duplin county to the salt works on Ma- sonboro Sound. Fortunately for me our company made their camp fire for the night shortly after Ave were separated by which I soon rejoined them. We usually slept on the ground under a tree, as all the plantation houses we found were deserted, and Ave Avere Avarned by the only man whom we met against any demonstration likely to attract attention from the Fed erals Avho sometimes Avere seen in the vicinity, or from bush whackers and deserters who were simply highwaymen. About a Aveek from the time Ave landed on the cape we reached the outskirts of Ocala, when we learned for the first time of the general surrender. We then buried the Confederate dis patches under an old tree and continued our tramp to Gaines- A'ille, thence to Jacksonville, from AA'hich Ave proceeded to Fernandina. From there Ave Avere sent under guard to Hil ton Head to report to General Gilmore, where Ave arrived after dark. I Avas left with Mr. Carroll to Avatch the knap sacks AA'hile the others went to headquarters. A tug Avas alongside bound for Charleston. Carroll and I thought the chance too good to be lost and leaving the baggage Ave quickly slipped over the side and hid ourselves on the tug, Avhich landed us in Charleston the next morning. There Ave dodged about the Avharves all day, evading the sentries, and secured at dusk passage on another tug for Wilmington. As Ave ap- jiroached the main bar Avithout a blockader in sight, we real ized the fact that peace had returned to our distracted coun try. When Ave landed at Wilmington, neither Carroll nor I Blockade Running. 385 had taken any oath of allegiance since we left Nassau, nor had we been paroled nor questioned on the Avay. THE CAREER OF CAPTAIN JOHN N. MAFFITT. The biography of this modest hero has never been Avritten. I give the foUoAving brief sketch prepared by the accom plished Mrs. J. N. Maffitt. at the time of her distinguished husband's decease. "John Newland Maffitt was born at sea on 22 February, 1819. His parents were Rev. John Newland Maffitt and Ann Carnicke, his wife. Rev. Mr. Maffitt, having deter mined to emigrate to America, left Ireland Avith his Avife and family late in January or early in February, and landed in New York on 21 April, 1819, his son having been born on the passage. Their first home Avas in Connecticut. When John was about five years old his uncle, Dr. William Maf fitt, Avho had accompanied them to America, visited his brother, Rev. Mr. Maffitt, and finding him in straightened circumstances, begged to adopt their son, and on the consent of his parents. Dr. Maffitt brought his nephew to Fayette ville, N. C. Some years were passed in this happy home of his boyhood, when his uncle determined to send him to school at White Plains, N. Y. As a little stripling, he started by the old time stage coach Avith his ticket tacked to his jacket, and on his arrival much curiosity Avas sliOAvn to sec the little boy avIio had come alone from his distant Southern home. He remained at this school under Professor Swinburn until he Avas 1 3 years old, Avhen his father's friends obtained for him a commission as midshipman in the United States navy. "His first orders Avere to the St. Louis, then at Pensacola navy yard. His second sea orders Avere to the Constitution, the flagship of the squadron, commanded by Commodore El liott, then fitting out for the Mediterranean. This cruise lasted three years and six months, and it Avas during that time that most of the incidents related in the Nautilus took place. Having been appointed aid to Commodore Elliott, the young midshipman had many advantages not ofhenvise obtainable. He Avas next ordered to the frigate Macedonian as past midshipman, and it Avas Avhile in port at Pensacola, 25 386 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Fla., that he had his first experience of 'yelloAv jack' and came near losing his life. His first independent command was the Gallatin. He commanded also the brig Dolphin ;and several others. He was engaged under Professor Bache for some years on the coast survey, and Avas of great service to the professor, Avhich the latter Avas not sIoav to acknoAvledge. Much of their work Avas in the harbors of Nantucket, Charles ton, Wilmington and Savannah. A channel in the harbor of Charleston still bears his name. "In January, 1860, Avhile in command of the Crusader, and also acting as paymaster of the vessel, he was ordered by the Secretary of the Navy to proceed to Mobile and there •cash a check on the collector of the port for prize money due the officers and crew. The city being agitated at the time by the ordinance of secession just passed by the State of Ala bama, he Avas forced to put his vessel in a defensive position and soon retired to the port of Havana. Here, failing to ne gotiate Avith the Bank of Havana for the funds requisite for the necessities of the vessel, he advanced from his private funds the money needed to Avork the steamer to New York, where he Avas ordered. He turned the steamer over to the proper authorities and Avent to Washington to settle his ac counts. His cash accounts received no attention, though for several months he was a constant applicant for settlement. A trying position Avas his since his Avife was dead and his children had no kinsfolk save in North Carolina. If he re mained in the navy his property. Avhich Avas all North, would be secured to him. All that appealed to his interests lay there. Love of profession Avas entAvined with every fibre of his being. On the other hand he Avould have been com pelled to fight against his people — perhaps fired upon the very home that had sheltered him and Avas then sheltering his defenceless children. One night a friend informed him that his name was doAvn for arrest the next day. His affections drew him South. His resignation having been accepted, he felt free to leave and cast his fortunes Avith his people. "His Avar record is Avell known. Captain Maffitt reached Nassau 16 May, 1S62, and at the request of Captain Bul lock, Confederate navy agent in Europe, he took charge of Blockade Running. 387 the gunboat Oreto, afterAvards christened the Florida, and hastened to sea. AfterAvards he was in command of the blockade-runners Lilian, Owl and other A'essels engaged in bringing in supplies and munitions of Avar for the South. His brilliant career on the seas continued until the failure of his health compelled his resignation in April or June, 1864. "At the close of the Avar, his property confiscated and he an exile, he applied for a command in the English merchant ser vice and Avas given the command of a fine steamer running betAveen Liverpool and Rio Janeiro. She Avas subsequently sold to the Brazilian Government, and used as an army trans port. While conveying several hundred soldiers to the scene of action, smallpox broke out among them, and as the well refused to nurse the sick or bury the dead, these duties de volved upon Captain Maffitt, and a fearful time he had — 'sickening to the last degree' — he described it; and the sol diers were mutinuous and Avithout discipline. He retained command of this steamer for eighteen months, when at the urgent entreaty of his family, he resigned the command and came home. He soon after purchased a small farm near Wilmington, AA'here he resided for nearly eighteen years. In July, 1885, he moved to Wilmington. For a year or two his health had been failing, but he determined to make a brave effort to retrieve his fortunes and provide for his young family. The disappointment of that hope was too great a shock for his feeble frame ; the thought that he could no longer provide for his loved ones broke his heart. After an illness of more than three months, he died on 15 May, 1886, in the 68th year of his age." The foUoAving experience of Captain Maffitt in running the blockade, is told by himself : "In consequence of my knoAvledge of the Southern coast, T was ordered to command one of the steamers offered to the goA'ernment by Frazier, Trenholm & Co., of Charleston, S. C. She was reported to be unusually fast, and could stoAv to advantage 700 bales of cotton. With the cargo on board AA'e departed from Wilmington and before sunset anchored off the village of Smithville ( Southport) . TAvilight afforded an 388 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. excellent opportunity to reconnoitre the enemy. They were numerous and assumed their stations Avith an air of vigilance that seemed to announce the channel as hermetically sealed for the night. The prospect afforded no joyful anticipa tions of a pleasant exit. As it Avas necessary to bide the movements of the moon, her sluggishness in retiring for the night Avas regarded Avith considerable impatience. At last her royal maj est}-, over the margin of the Avestern horizon, tips us a knoAving wink and disappears. In silence CasAvell is jiassed and a dim glimpse of Fort Campbell affords a fare- AA'ell vieAv of Dixie as the steamer's head is turned sea\vard through the channel. The swelling greetings of the Atlantic billows announce that the bar is passed; over the cresting AvaA'es the good craft SAviftly dashes as if impatient to promptly face her trials of the night. Through the settled dai'bness all eyes on board are peering, eagerly straining to catch .1 vieAv of the dreaded sentinels avIio sternly guard the tabooed channel. Nothing white is exposed to vieAv ; every light is extinguished save those that are hooded in the bin nacle and engine room. No sound disturbs the solemn silence of the moment but the dismal moaning of the north east wind and the unwelcome but unavoidable dashing of our paddles. Night glasses scan the bleared horizon for a time in A'ain ; suddenly an officer with bated breath announces sev eral steamers. Eagerly pointing, he reports tAvo at anchor and others sIoavIv cruising. Instantly out of the gloom and spoon-drift emerges the sombre phantom form of the block ading fleet. The moment of trial is at hand ; firmness and decision are essential for the emergency. Dashing between the two at anchor, Ave pass so near as to excite astonishment at our nmi-discoA'ery, but this resulted from the color of our hull. AA'hich under certain stages of the atmosphere, blended so perfectly Avith the haze as to render the steamer imusible. How keenly the grim hulls of the enemy are watched ! How taut, like harp strings, every nerve is strung, anxiously vibrat ing Avith each pulsation of the throbbing heart ! We emerged to AvindAvard from the tAvo at anchor. 'Captain,' whispered the pilot, 'according to my chop logic, them chaps aren't going to squint us this blessed night!' Ere a response could Blockade Running. 389 be uttered, a broad spread flash of intense light blazed from the flag's Drummond, for in passing to AvindAvard the noise of our paddles betrayed the proximity of a blockade-runner. 'Full speed !' I shouted to the engineer. Instantly the in creased revolutions responded to the order. Then came the roar of heavy guns, the howl of shot and scream of bursting shells. Around, above and through the seA'ered rigging the iron demons hoAvled as if pandemonium had discharged its infernal spirits into the air. Under the influence of a ter rible shock, the steamer quivers Avith aspen vibrations. An explosion f oIIoavs ; she is struck ! " 'What's the damage V I asked. " 'A shell, sir, has knocked overboard several bales of cot ton and Avounded tAvo of the creAv,' Avas the response of the boatsAvain. By the sheen of the Drummond lights the sea is so clearly illuminated as to exhibit the perils of our posi tion, and shoAV the grouping around us of the fleet as their batteries belched forth a hail storm of angry missiles. In the turmoil of excitement, a frightened passenger, contrary to orders, invaded the bridge. Wringing his hands in ag ony, he implored me to surrender and save his life and the li\'es of all on board. Much provoked, I directed one of our quartermasters stationed near me to take the lubber beloAv. Without ceremony, he seized the unhappy individual, and as he hurried him towards the cabin, menacingly exclaimed, 'Shut up your fly trap, or by the powres of Moll Kelly, I'll hold ye up as a target for the derision of them Yankee gun ners.' "As perils multiplied our Mazeppa speed increased, and gradually withdrew us from the circle of danger. At last Ave distanced the party. Spontaneously the creAv gave three hearty cheers as relief to their pent-up anxiety, and everyone began to breathe more naturally. This Avas my tenth epi sode in running the blockade. During the night we Avere subjected to occasional trials of speed, to avoid suspicious strangers Avhose characters could not be determined. In fact, nothing in the shape of a steamer Avas to be trusted, as we entertained the belief that Confederates were Ishmaelites upon the broad ocean — the recipients of no man's courtesy. 390 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. "Day daAvned upon one of the ocean's most beautiful morn ings; the soft, blue sky circled the blue horizon, and over the broad expanse a profound calm settled upon the sleeping waters. It seemed difficult to realize that such serenity was ever tortured into the most Avild and terrific commotion by the rude storms and hurricanes that often hold high revelry AA'here noAV not a ruffled wave appeared or a gentle ripple bleared the mirrored surface. Solitary and alone we pur sued our voyage, flattered with the hope that it would ter minate Avithout interruption. At 4 in the afternoon we were aroused from this felicitous reA'erie by the familiar cry from the mast-head of 'Sail ho !' * " 'Can you make her out,' Avas the official interrogatory. " 'Yes, sir; a large steamer heading for us.' Our course Avas immediately changed ; so was that of the stranger. When she Avas reported Ave Avere engaged in overhauling the engines and cleaning fires. Of course, our speed under these cir cumstances was inconsiderable, and the steamer neared us Avithout difficulty. The old flag Avas recognized — in former days a Avelcome banner — and the chase commenced. Night approaches in a royal blazonry of gold and crimson, the sun sinks beloAv the horizon, leaA'ing a brief twilight to light up the scene of contest. Some derangement of our engines depletes our speed, and the unpleasant knowl edge causes the thermometer of hope to fall beloAv zero. Perplexed and annoyed, I debated the expediency of reliev ing the vessel by throAving oA'erboard a portion of her cargo. Fortunately a happy thought came into my mind. Promptly acting upon the mental suggestion, I sent for the chief en gineer and inquired if he had a quantity of coal dust conven ient. 'I have, sir.' Avas the response. 'Be ready in fifteen minutes to feed Avith it, and have at hand clean fuel that will not smoke. The order Avill be given in due season.' "In the darkness of night a chasing A'essel is guided by the smoke of the fleeing craft. This fact Avas familiar from ex perience, and at the proper time I aA'ailed myself of the ac quired knoAvledge. The enemy held his own, though at times Ave thought he gained upon us. At length I directed the engineer to give a liberal application of coal dust, and in- Blockade Running. 391 stantly dense volumes of sooty vapor rolled out of the fun nels and traveled on the bosom of the northeast winds to the soutlrward and AvestAvard. By the aid of good glasses we were charmed to observe that the bait had been swallowed, as the Federals steadily pursued our bank of smoke. When this became obA'ious, clean coal Avas applied that emitted no tell-tale evidence of our position. The course was changed to the north Avard, and our pursuer left to capture the Confed erate shadow. This successful rase excited much hilarity and considerable laughter over what was considered a 'cute trick.' At sunrise, entering the friendly port of Nassau we Avere Avarmly greeted by many friends — by none more vocif erously than the sons of Africa. The cargo was promptly landed, and ihe return freight received on board. * * * "We are ready to depart ; friends bid us farewell with lugubrious indulgence of fears for our safety, as the hazards of blockade-running had recently increased in consequence of the accumulated force and vigilance of the enemy. Dis regarding gloomy prognostications, at dusk Ave left the har bor. Before break of day Abaco light Avas sighted, a place of special interest to Federal cruisers as the turning point of blockade-runners. At the first blush of day Ave were startled by the close proximity of three American men-of-\var. Not the least obeisance made they, but with shot and shell paid the early compliments of the morning. The splintering spars and damaged bulwarks Avarned us of the necessity for traA-cling, particularly as 900 barrels of gunpoAvder consti tuted a portion of our cargo. A chance shell exploding in the hold, would have consigned steamer and all, hands to tophet. We were in capital running condition and soon passed out of range. Tenaciously our pursuers held on to the chase, though it Avas evident that the fleet Confederate experienced no difficulty in giA'ing them the go by. In the zenith of our enjoyment of a refreshing sense of relief the old cry of 'Sail ho !' came from aloft. The lookout announced two steamers ahead and standing for us. A system of zig zag running became necessary to elude the persistent enemy. Our speed soon accomplished the object. In about three hours the Federals faded under the horizon, and our proper 392 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. course for the Cape Fear Avas resumed. Those who needed repose retired for the indulgence. My relaxation from of ficial cares Avas of brief duration, as a gruff voice called out: 'Captain, a burning vessel reported aloft, sir !' Repairing on deck, by the aid of a spy glass, I could distinctly see some four miles ahead a A'essel enveloped in smoke. Though not ourselves the subjects of charity, nevertheless we were human and as seamen, cherished the liveliest sympathy for the un fortunate Avho came to grief on God's Avatery highway. Re gardless of personal interest, your true Jack Tar scorns the role of Pharisee and prides himself upon the Samaritan pro clivities that fail not to succor the sufferer by the wayside. Increasing our speed, Ave ran quite near to the burning vessel. She proved to be a Spanish barque, Avith ensign at half-mast. Out of her fore hatch arose a dense smoke. Aloft Avere clus tered a panic-stricken group of passengers and creAv. Among them seA'eral ladies Avere observed. An ineffectual effort had been made to hoist out the long boat, Avhich Avas still sus pended by the yard and stay tackles. Sending an officer aloft to keep a sharp lookout, that Ave might not be surprised bv the enemv Avhile succoring the unfortunate, the chief mate Avas dispatched in the cutter to render such assistance as his professional intelligence might suggest. He found the few passengers, among Avhom Avere four ladies, much calmer than the officers and crew ; the latter, instead of endeavoring to extinguish the fire, AA'hich had broken out in the forecastle compartment, Avere confusedly hauling upon the stay tackle in a A-ain effort to launch the long boat. Our mate, Avith his boat's creAv, passed the jabbering, panic-stricken Spaniards, and proceeded at once to the forecastle, AA'hich he instantly de luged Avith Avater, and to the astonishment of all hands, speed ily subdued the trifling conflagration, AA'hich proved to have resulted from the burning of a quantity of lamp rags that had probably been set mi fire by one of the creAv, who had carelessly emptied his pipe Avhen about to repair on deck. The quantity of old duds that lay scattered about Jack's luxuriously furnished apartment supplied abundant mate rial for raising a dense smoke, but the rough construction of the A'essel in this localitA- fortunately offered nothing inflam- Blockade Running. 393 mable and the great sensation, under the influence of a cool head, soon subsided into a farce. The mate, Avho was much of a \vag, enjoyed the general perturbation of the passengers, particularly on ascertaining that three of the ladies hailed from Marblehead, and Avere returning from a visit made to an uncle Avho owned a well stocked sugar plantation near Sagua LaGrande, in Cuba. A Spanish vessel bound to Hali fax had been selected to convey them to a British port conven ient for transportation to NeAv York or Boston without risk of being captured by Confederate 'buccaneers,' aa'Iio, ac cording to Cuban rumors, Warmed over the ocean and Avere decidedly anthropophagous in their proclivities.' "A hail from the steamer caused the mate to make his adieu, but not before announcing himself as one of the awful Southern slave-holders they had in conversation anathema tized. They could not believe that so kind and polite a gen tleman could possibly be a wicked 'rebel.' 'But I am, ladies, and also a slave-holder, as is your uncle ; farewell !' Instead of manifesting anger at the retort, they laughed heartily and Avaved their handkerchiefs in kind adieu, utterly unsuspi cious of having received kindness and courtesy from a block ade-runner. We made the best of speed on our way to Wil mington. The foUoAving clay, our last at sea, proved undis turbed and pleasant. At sunset the bar bore Avest-nortlrwest 70 miles distant. It Avould be high water at 11:30, the proper time fur crossing. Sixty miles I determined to dash off at full speed, and then run sIoavIv for disentangling our selves from the fleet, "None but the experienced can appreciate the difficulties that perplexed the navigators in running for Southern har bors during the Avar. The usual facilities rendered by light houses and beacons had ceased to exist, having been dispensed with by the Confederate gcwernment as dangerous abettors of contemplated mischief by the blockaders. Success in making the destined harbors depended upon exact navigation, a knowledge of the coast, its surroundings and currents, a fear less approach, and banishment of the subtle society of John Barleycorn. Non-experts too often came to grief, as the many hulks on the Carolina coast attest. Under a pressure 394 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. of steam Ave rushed ahead, annihilating space and melting Avith excited fancy hours into minutes. Our celerity short ens the distance, leaving only ten miles between us and the bar. With guiding lead, sloAvly and carefully we feel our Avay. 'Captain,' observed the sedulous chief officer, as he strove to peer through the hazy atmosphere, 'it seems to me from our soundings that Ave should be very near the blockad ers. Don't you think so ?' 'I do,' Avas my response. 'Hist ! there goes a bell — one, two, three, four, five, six, seven — 11:30, a decidedly good calculation, and it is high water on the bar. By jove ! there are two just ahead of us, and- 1 think both are at anchor. Doubtless others are cruising around there, indicators of the channel.' "I ordered the helm put hard a-starboard, directing the wheelman to run betAveen the tAvo blockaders, as it is too late to steer clear of either. Through a bank of clouds huge, grim objects greAv distinctly into vieAv and necessity forced me to run the gauntlet, trusting against hope that our transit would not arouse their vigilance. They Avere alert vessels, for a crackling, hissing sound was instantly followed by the fiery train of a rocket, succeeded by the dreaded calcium lights with a radiance brilliant though brief, so as to illumi nate distinctly an area of miles. ' 'HeaA'e to, or I'll sink you !' shouted a gruff, imperious voice, so near that Ave could fancy his speaking trumpet pro jected over the steamer. 'Ay, ay, sir !' Avas the prompt re sponse, and to the horror of all on board I gave the order in a loud voice, 'Stop the engine !' Then was heard the boat swain's whistle, the cutting aAvay of cutters and the tramp ing of boats' crews. Our impetus had caused the steamer to nearly emerge from between the Federals. Back your engines, sir, and stand by to receive my boats,' said the same stern voice. Affirmatively acknowledging the com mand, I Avhispered loud enough for the engineer to hear me, 'Full speed ahead, sir, and open Avide your throttle valve.' "The movements of the paddles for a moment deceived the Federal commander into the belief that Ave Avere really back ing, but, speedily comprehending the manceuver, Avith very fierce execrations, he gave the order to fire. Drummond Blockade Running. 395 lights were burned, doubtless to aid- artillerists, but so radia ted the mist as to raise our hull above the line of vision, caus ing the destructiA'e missiles to play havoc Avith the sparse rigging instead of shattering our hull and probably explod ing the nine hundred barrels of gunpoAvder, Avith which Gen eral Johnston afterAvards fought the battle of Shiloh. It cer tainly Avas a miraculous escape for both blockader and block ade-runner. "We paused not recklessly, but at the rate of sixteen knots an hour absolutely fleAv out of unhealthy company who dis courteously folloAved us with exploding shells, and for some time kept up such a fusillade as to impress us with the belief that the blockaders had inaugurated a 'Kilkenny Cat Mud dle,' and were polishing off each other, a supposition AA'hich I subsequently learned Avas partially correct. "The breakers warned us of danger, and the smooth Avater indicated the channel through AA'hich Ave passed in safety, and at 1 o'clock in the morning Ave anchored off the venerable vil lage of Smithville ("now Southport). Then came the men tal and physical reaction, producing a feeling of great pros tration, relieved by the delightful realization of having passed through the fiery ordeal in safety and freedom. " 'If after every tempest came such calms, May the winds blow 'till they have weakened death ; And let laboring barks climb hill of seas Olympus high ! and duck again as low As hell's from heaven.' "After sunrise Ave proceeded to Wilmington, AA'here our cargo Avas quickly discharged. Having obtained our return cargo, in company Avith two other blockade-runners I started for Nassau; and although the sentinels of the bar presented me with affectionate souvenirs in the way of shot and shell, they did but little damage. My companions came to grief, thereby adding to the prize fund that Avas shared bv the gov ernment Avith the officers of the blockade squadron." Shortly after joining the Confederacy, Captain Maffitt went to England, took command of the blockade-runner Lilian, of AA'hich this compiler Avas purser, and returned to the Confederacy through the port of Wilmington. He was 396 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. then ordered to relieve Captain Cooke at Plymouth, N. O, from the command of the Albemarle, which had been so won derfully constructed and handled by Captain Cooke in the attack on the Southfield and Miami. From this duty Cap tain Maffitt Avas soon relieved and ordered to the command of the Owl, one of the blockade-runners purchased by the Gov ernment in England. The 21st of December, 1864, found him on board the Owl, at Wilmington, receiving her cargo of 750 bales of cotton. With three other blockade-runners in company, he started for the bar. He escaped the Federal sentinels "Avithout the loss of a rope yarn," though one of his companions came to grief through an accident to her machin ery. Their destination Avas St. George's, Bermuda, AA'hich they reached in safety and found several steamers loaded and anxiously aAvaiting neAvs from the Federal expedition under General Butler against Fort Fisher. A Halifax steamer brought in the Northern papers Avhich apprised them of the failure of the expedition ; and in company with six other steamers and many gallant spirits the Owl started on her re turn to Dixie, much cheered by the joyful neAvs. In the meantime another expedition, fitted out under General Terry and Admiral Porter, had been successful, and the river Avas in possession of the Federals. In communication Avith Lock- Avood's Folly, all Avas reported quiet and Fisher still intact. Captain Maffitt steamed for the Cape Fear. At 8 o'clock it Avas high Avater on the bar and the moon Avould not rise before 11. Approaching the channel he Avas surprised to see but one sentinel guarding the entrance. Eluding him, he passed in. Some apprehension Avas excited by a conflagration at Bald Head and non-response to his signals ; but, as Fort Caswell looked quiet and natural, he decided to anchor off the fort AA'harf. He was immediately intervieAved by the chief of ordnance and artillery, E. S. Martin, and another officer, aa'Iio informed him of the state of affairs, and that the train Avas already laid for bloAving up Fort Caswell. Gun-boats were approaching, and in great distress Captain Maffitt hast ily departed. Tbe solitary blocbader pursued him furiously for some time, and far out at sea he heard the explosion that Blockade Running. 397 announced the fate of CasAvell. As his cargo was important and much needed, Captain Maffitt determined to make an effort to enter the port of Charleston, although he had been informed that it was more closely guarded than ever before. The rest of the story is told in Captain Maffiitt's inimita ble style : "The history of the five steamers, in AA'hose company I sailed from the harbor of St. George's, is briefly told. "Captain Wilkinson, the late gallant commander of the Chickamauga, Avas too experienced and keen a cruiser to be caught in a trap. Convinced from observation that there was 'something rotten in the state of Denmark,' he judi ciously returned to Bermuda. The remaining three Avere decoyed into New Inlet by the continuance of Mound light, and became easy prey under the following circumstances. First, the Stag, with several English officers on board as pas sengers, deceived by Admiral Porter's cuteness, crossed the bar, and, as ay as customary, anchored under the mound, then to abide the usual visit of inspection from the boarding of ficer of Fort Fisher. Waiting for some time Avithout re ceiving the official call, the captain naturally concluded it had been deferred until daylight. He therefore directed the steAvard to serve the entertainment that had been elaborately prepared to celebrate their safe arrival in the Confederacy. The gastronomic hidalgo flourished his baton of office, and es corted his guests to the festive board. In shouts of revelry and Avith floAving bumpers, the jocund party huzzahed for Dixie, and sang her praises in songs of adulation that made the Avelkin ring, and aroused the seamen from their peaceful slumber. A pause from exhaustion having occurred in their labor of justice to the luxurious repast gave to an English captain a desired opportunity to ventilate in appropriate sen timents his appreciation of the joyful occasion. Mysteri ously rapping to enjoin attention, in the silence that folloAved, he solemnly arose. At a Avave of his dexter, the steAvard, all alertness, replenished the glasses. " 'Gentlemen,' said the captain, 'after a successful voyage, fraught Avith interesting incidents and excitements, Ave have anchored upon the soil of battleAA'orn, grand old Dixie. We 398 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'6o. come not as mercenary adventurers to enlist under the ban ner of the Confederacy, but like true knights errant to join as honorable volunteers the standard of the bravest lance in Christendom, that of the noble, peerless Lee. (Cheers — 'hear hear!') In gaining this Palestine of our chivalrous aspirations, Ave have successfully encountered the more than ordinary perils of the sea in storm, the lingering chase, and hazards of the blockade. Through all vicissitudes there was a mind to conceive, a hand to guide, a courage to execute. Gentlemen, I propose the health, happiness, and speedy pro motion of the officer who merits these commendations — our Avorthy commander.' "Mingled Avith vociferous applause came the customary hip ! hip ! huzzah ! hip ! hip ! huz- "The half uttered huzzah froze like an icicle on the petri fied lips of the orator, aat1io — " 'With wild surprise, As if to marble struck, devoid of sense, A stupid moment, motionless stood ' as the apparition of a Federal midshipman appeared upon the cabin stairway. " 'Who commands this steamer V Avas the Federal's in terrogatory. " 'I am that unhappy individual,' groaned the commander as reminiscences of a long confinement came painfully to his mind. " 'You are a prize to Admiral Porter's squadron, and I relieve you from all further responsibility. Gentlemen, as paioled prisoners, you are at leisure to finish your repast.' "The Avithering enunciation of capture blighted like a black frost the hopeful blossoms that had under the inspir ing influence of the sparkling Epernay, bubbled into poetic existence. One by one the lights soon faded in this banquet hall deserted, their last glimmer falling mournfully on the debris of the unfinished congratulatory repast. Ere an hour elapsed two more unfortunates, lured by the channel lights, entered and likewise anchored off the mound, and became a prey to Admiral Porter's fleet. "My cargo being important and the capture of Fort Fisher Blockade Running. 399 and Cape Fear cutting me off from Wilmington, I deemed it my duty to make an effort to enter the harbor of Charleston in order to deliver the much needed supplies. I had been informed that the blockade of that port Avas more stringently and numerically guarded than ever before since the begin ning of hostilities. The Owl's speed was more accommodated to the necessary time of arriving off the bar, AA'hich was 10 p. m. Throughout the day vigilant steamers Avere seen along the shore inspecting inlets and coves regardless of their want of capacity for blockade purposes. This spirit of inspection and watchfulness Avas most assiduous, as if an order had been issued to overhaul even the coast gallinippers to see that aid and comfort in the shape of muskets and pistols were not smuggled into the needy Confederacy. Ocasionally one of these constables of the sea would fire up and make a dash after the Owl; a little more coal and stirring up of the fire draft Avas sufficient to start the blockade-runner off with such admirable speed as to convince the Federal that he Avas after the fleetest steamer that eA'er eluded the guardians of the channel-Avays. "Seasonably making the passage, 9 o'clock p. m., found us not far from the mouth of Maffitt's Channel. Anticipating a trying night and the bare possibility of capture, two bags were slung and suspended over the quarter by a stout line. In these bags Avere placed the government mail not yet deliv ered, all private correspondence, and my Avar journal, in cluding the cruise of the Florida, besides many other papers. An intelligent quartermaster Avas ordered to stand by the bags with a hatchet, and the moment capture became inevitable, to cut adrift and let them sink. "When on the western tail end of Rattlesnake Shoal, Ave encountered streaks of mist and fog that enveloped stars and everything for a feAV moments Avhen it Avould become quite clear again. Running cautiously in one of these obscura tions, a sudden light in the haze disclosed that we were about to run into an anchored blockader. We had bare room with a hard-a-port helm to avoid him some fifteen or twenty feet, Avhen their officer on deck called out, 'Heave to, or I'll sink you !' The order Avas unnoticed and Ave received his entire 400 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. broadside, that cut aAvay turtle back, perforated forecastle and tore up buhvarks in front of our engine room, wounding twelve men, some severely, some slightly. "The quartermaster stationed by the mail bags was so convinced that Ave were captured that he instantly used his hatchet, and sent them well-moored to the bottom ; hence my meagre account of the cruise of the Florida. Rockets Avere fired as Ave passed quickly out of his range of sight, and Drummond lights lit up the animated surroundings of a swarm of blockaders, AA'hich commenced an indiscriminate discharge of artillery. We could not understand the reason of this bombardment, and, as Ave picked our way out of the melee, concluded that several blockade-runners must have been discovered feeling -their Avay into Charleston. "After the Avar, in conversing Avith the officer commanding on thai occasion, he said that a number of the steamers of the blockade were commanded by inexperienced A'olunteer of ficers, Avho Avere sometimes overzealous and excitable, and heaiing the gun-boat firing into me, and seeing her rockets and signal lights, they thought that innumerable blockade- runners were forcing a passage into the harbor ; hence the in discriminate discharge of artillery AA'hich Avas attended with unfortunate result to them. This was my last belligerent as sociation with blockade-running. Entering the harbor of Galveston and finding it in the possession of Federals, I promptly checked progress and retreated. The last order issued by the Navy Department Avhen all hope for the cause had departed, was for me to deliver the Owl to Frazier, Tren- holm & Co., in Liverpool; Avhich I accordingly did." oeo. c. m'dougal, a remarkable blockade-runner. The most successful blockade runner of the four years' war, the man Avho began at the beginning as chief engineer of the first steamer, and ended his career in the same capac ity at the termination of the Confederacy, is one of the quiet est, most unobtrusive persons A\'ho walks the streets of Wil mington. A stranger interested in the heroic stories of the Avar, Avould never single him out as a fearless, intrepid en gineer, av1io bore the highest record of sixty-five successful Blockade Running. 401 voyages through the blockade, and Avho Avas only once captured during his four years' service at sea, but would more likely suppose him to be the oAvner of a timber raft or a well-to-do farmer Avho had come to see about the chances of a rise in cotton. He might talk to him all day and never be the wiser, for this modest man, Mr. George C. McDougal, is not given to stories of his OAvn exploits, and is only known to those Avho appreciate his sterling worth and Avho have the privilege of his friendship. At the close of the war, Mr. McDougal retired to Rosin- dale, on the Carolina Central Railroad, AA'here he engaged in turpentine distilling and in general merchandise for ten or fifteen years until the business becoming unprofitable, he gave it up. His product in spirits turpentine and rosin were so carefully prepared and handled that the mark "G. C. McD." became a faA'orite brand, especially in Baltimore, to AA'hich point many thousands of his barrels were shipped from Wilmington. Strictly honorable in all his dealings, accu rate and painstaking in every detail, his name in trade as in his profession "goes" everywhere he is knoAvn Avithout ques tion. He still retains his residence in AVilmington and spends a part of his time near the scene of his blockade-run ning exploits. He began, his professional life as chief engineer of one of the steamers plying between Wilmington and Charleston be fore the building of the railroads, and at the outbreak of the Avar Avas selected as chief engineer of the Confederate steamer Gordon, by her well-known commander, Captain Thomas J. LockAvood, his brother-in-law. Lockwood was one of the most capable blockade runners of the Avar, and as long as he had the benefit of Mr. McDougal's superior mechanical skill and quick judgment, Avas very successful. They Avere to gether in the Gordon, the Kate, the Elizabeth, and in several other boats subsequently, and when Lockwood went abroad to take command of his splendid neAv steamer, the Colonel Lamb, McDougal was made chief engineer of the little Sirene, Avhich proved to be the most successful blockade-run ner of the war, because the Mascot Avent Avith her. If they made a landfall on the darkest night and McDougal ascer- 26 402 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. tained the bearings within a hundred miles of Cape Fear bar, he could tell by his reA'olutions and by the scraping of the ship's bottom on the lumps usually formed near the coast inlets all the way up or down, the exact position of his steamer from hour to hour until the goal was reached. His thorough knowledge of the coast, his coolness under fire and his never failing good judgment extricated the Sirene from many tight places Avhen the captain Avas at his Avit's end. On one occasion in the Kate, LockAvood had run inside the line of blockaders at the main bar some distance up the beach, and suddenly took the ground while jammed between an anchored man-of-war and the breakers. The blockader did not see him, although so near that no one on board the Kate Avas permitted to speak above a whisper. The tide was near the last of the ebb and there were only a few hours of darkness in Avhich to Avork. McDougal, always ready for an emergency, had promptly loaded the safety valve down witli 'j bag of iron castings to prevent any noise from escaping steam, and Avhen it became absolutely necessary the steam was bloAvn off very gently under the Avater. The boats were Ioav- ered noiselessly and several passengers and a lot of valuables landed in the surf on the lee side of the A'essel A\'ith orders to proceed to Fort Caswell in the distance. At first it seemed impossible to save the ship as any noise from her paddles would inevitably haA-e led to her destruction by the block aders, Avhich were seen plainly only a cable's length from the Kate's perilous position. LockAvood held a consultation Avith his trusted engineer, and decided to open the gangAvay and quietly slide overboard a lot of lead wire in heavy coils, AA'hich Avas part of the imvard cargo, and AA'hich Avas intended to be cut into bullets by the Confederate GoA'ernment. This served to lighten the ship and also as an effectual bulkhead AA'hich prevented the A'essel from Avorking higher up on the beach Avhen the tide turned, and the discharge AA'ent on for some time Avithout apparent effect ; but the rising tide soon after began to bump the bilges of the vessel against the sand bank inside. LockAvood proposed an attempt to back clear or to beach her at once, but the "Boss," as McDougal was called, calmly shoAved him that unless they were sure of float- Blockade Running. 403 ing clear on the first attempt they Avould never be permitted to make a second trial, as the paddles Avould surely betray them to the fleet. Another fifteen minutes that seemed an hour of suspense, and the captain again urged immediate action, but the imperturbable engineer said: "Wait a little longer, Oakie; she is rising eA'ery minute; let us be sure of getting off before Ave make the effort." Meantime the bump ing increased and at last with eA'erything in readiness and a full head of steam, the engines Avere reversed full speed, and the Kate quickly afloat and responding to the wheel, gallantly passed the blockading fleet in the gray daAvn and shortly af terAvards anchored under the guns of Fort CasAvell. She had hardly swung to the anchor before she Avas seen by the disap pointed blockaders avIio sent shell after shell flying after her, bursting in such uncomfortable proximity, that the Kate Avas moved up to Mrs. Stuart's wharf at Smithville, where the shell and solid shot still followed them, many passing in a line more than a thousand yards beyond the wharf. With the aid of a good glass a man could be seen in the foretop of the Federal flagship Avith a flag in his hand AA'hich he Avaved to right or left as he saw the effect of the firing ; this enabled the gunners to better their aim until the shells struck just astern of the Kate or passed in a line ahead of the A'essel. On a closer approach of the fleet they were driven off by Fort Caswell's heaviest guns. The Kate and her creAv Avere in great peril on this occasion, OAving to the fact that there were a thousand barrels of gunpoAvder on board for the Con federacy, making the risk from the shells extremely hazard ous. Mr. McDougal said to me on this occasion that when the Yankees began shelling them at Fort Caswell, a detach ment of soldiers was being embarked for Wilmington on the Confederate transport, James T. Petteway, and that when the first shell struck the beach near the Petteway, the whole company broke ranks and ran like rabbits for the fort again. Some time ago the Wilmington Daily Review published an account of the recovery of a large lot of lead wire from the bottom of the sea near Fort Caswell. This was doubt less part of the Kate's cargo thrown overboard as described. On one occasion the Sirene nearly fell into a trap, but was 404 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. saved by the cool judgment and remarkable skill of her pilot, John Hill. Captain Ryan had anchored during the day at Smithville, in full vieAv of the blockading fleet, intending to run out after dark. At sunset the squadron concentrated around the Avestern bar, leaving only one guard ship at the main bar, and the Sirene Avas accordingly run that night for the apparently unguarded channel. She had scarcely crossed the main bar, however, before she ran into a blockader, evad ing Avhich she ran afoul of another, then a third, fourth and fifth. The sea Avas alive Avith cruisers. At that moment the ship Avas sloAved doAA'n and Hill said to McDougal: "What do you think of this, boss ?" to AA'hich he immediately re plied : "They have played us a Yankee trick, John, by making a sIioaa- of force at the Avestern bar before nightfall, and after dark concentrating at main bar to receive us with open arms. Our only chance is to get back inside and race for the Avestern bar." It was a difficult undertaking to get the shi]3 round again, requiring the most delicate handling, surrounded as she Avas Avith a hostile fleet, but Hill was equal to it, and eA'ading each blockader, with his master hand on the AA'heel, brought her sIoavIv back inside again Avithout a shot being fired. Then the race for life began. "Noav, let her go!" said he. McDougal Avas doAvn in the engine room on the instant AA'here Barbot, first assistant, was on duty. "Have you plenty of Avater in the boilers '(" "Aye, aye, sir." "Then off witli your pumps, doAvn Avith the damper, shut the flue caps, prick out the fires, and give her the throttle as fast as steam rises !" In a few minutes the engines were driving furiously. Niemeyer, the second assistant, said they Avere trying to see Avhich could get over the bow first. The little ship Avent flying past Fort Caswell, and ignoring the slue, drove straight over the Avestern bar Avith not a blockader in sight! There Avere others not so fortunate, hoAvever, as several captures were made by this ruse of the Federal fleet until it became generally knoAvn, and even then the blockade- runners were puzzled because the changes of the fleet were irregular and always uncertain. Blockade Running. 405 the confederate states signal corps frederick w. gregory., a successful operator. The Confederate States Signal Corps frequently rendered some very efficient service to the blockade runners after they had succeeded in getting between the blockaders and the beach, Avhere they were also in danger of the shore batteries until their character became known at the forts. As the sig nal system developed, a detailed member was sent out with every ship, and so important did this service become that signal officers, as they were called, Avere occasionally applied for by OAvners or captains of steamers in the Clyde or at Liv erpool, before sailing for Bermuda or Nassau to engage in running the blockade. The first attempt to communicate with the shore batteries was a failure, and consequently the service suffered some reproach for a while, but subsequent practice Avith intelligent, cool-headed men resulted in com plete success, and some valuable ships, with still more valua ble cargoes, Avere saved from capture or destruction by the in tervention of the signal service, Avhen owing to the darkness and bad landfall, the captain and pilot were alike unable to recognize their geographical position. To Mr. Frederick W. Gregory, of Crowells, N. C, belongs the honor of the first success as a signal operator in this ser vice. Identified with the corps from the beginning of the blockade, and with the Cape Fear, at Price's Creek station, Avhich Avas for a long time in his efficient charge, he brought to this new and novel duty an experience and efficiency equalled by few of his colleagues and surpassed by none. It was Avell said of him that he Avas always ready and never afraid, two elements of the almost unvarying success Avhich attended the ships to AA'hich he Avas subsequently assigned. It Avas my good fortune to be intimately associated Avith Mr. Gregory for nearly tAA'o years during which Ave had many ups and downs together as shipmates aboard and as compan ions ashore. He Avas of the feAV young men engaged in blockade-running Avho successfully resisted the evil influences and depraved associations with which Ave were continually surrounded. Unselfish and honorable in all his relations with his felloAvs, courageous as a lion in time of danger, he 406 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Avas an honor to his State and to the cause Avhich he so Avorth- ily represented. During a recent visit to Wilmington, after an interval of nearly thirty years, Mr. Gregory gave me the foUoAving narratiA'e, Avhich Avill doubtless prove of interest. "Sometime early in 1863, the Confederate Government purchased on the Clyde (I think) two steamers for the pur- - pose of running the blockade. The first to arrive was the Giraffe, While in the Cape Fear, Captain Alexander, who had charge of the signal corps at Smithville, suggested the propriety of putting a signal officer aboard to facilitate the ship's entering the port at night, by the use of two lights, a red and a Avhite, covered Avith a shade in front of the globe to lift up and doAvn, by AA'hich Ave could send messages as Ave did Avith the flag on land in the day, and Avith a torch at night; the red light representing the Avave to the right and the Avhite light the Avave to the left. After some consultation, General Whiting ordered Captain Alexander to send up a signal officer to join the Giraffe, and Robert Herring Avas detailed for that purpose and sent to Wilmington, Avhere the lights Avere pre pared and he Avent aboard. The Giraffe went out and re turned successfully, but from some cause — I never under stood Avhy — Herring failed to attract the attention of the land force and sent no message ashore. In the meantime, the other steamer, the Cornubia. arriA'ed in port, and Cap tain Alexander haA'ing been ordered elseAA'here and Lieuten ant Doggett having been sent doAvn from Richmond to take charge of the signal corps, General Whiting ordered a signal officer to the Cornubia, and I Avas detailed and sent to Wil mington to prepare the lights and report on board. "We cleared the bar successfully, Avith Captain Burroughs in command and C. C. Morse as pilot, and had a good voyage to St. George's, Bermuda, Avhere Ave unloaded our cargo of cotton and reloaded Avith supplies for the Southern army. On our return trip Ave made the land fifty or sixty miles above Fort Fisher, and coasted doAvn to the inlet, our intention being to get near the land inside the blockade fleet, Avhich was obliged to keep off a certain distance on account of shoal water. As Avell as I remember, Avhen Avithin fifteen or twenty miles of Fort Fisher, Captain Burroughs sent for me to Blockade Running. 407 come on the bridge, and asked if I had my lights ready and if I thought I could send a message ashore, Pilot Morse in the meantime telling me that he would let me know Avhen we were opposite the signal station on land, Avhere a constant Avatch Avas kept all night for our signal. We had not gone far before M.orse told me that Ave were opposite the post. We Avere feeling our Avay very slowly in the dark. I was put doAvn on the deck with the gangAvay open, my lights facing the land and a screen behind, when I Avas ordered to call the station. The officers and sailors Avere highly interested in the movement and crowded around to watch the proceedings. I called but a lew times, Avhen I Avas ansAvered from the shore by a torch. I turned to Captain Burroughs and told him that I had the attention of the land forces and asked what message he Avished to send. He replied as follows: 'Colonel Lamb: Steamer Cornubia. Protect me. Burroughs.' I got the O. K. for the message from shore, and saw the corps on land call up one station after another and transmit my mes sage to Fort Fisher miles ahead of us, and afterAvards learned that General Whiting was notified by telegraph of the arrival of the Cornubia before she crossed the bar that night. When Ave arrived at the fort, Ave found Colonel Lamb down on the point with his Whitworth guns ready to protect us if neces sary. The success of this attempt gaA'e an impetus to the sig nal corps, and from that time every steamer that arrived ap plied to the Government for a signal officer before leaA'ing port." The name of the Cornubia was subsequently changed to Lady Davis, in honor of the wife of President Davis, at Richmond, and Captain Gale, an officer in the old navy who had gone over to the Confederacy, was placed in command. "About 20 December, 1863," Mr. Gregory adds, 'Ave left Bermuda Avith a cargo for Wilmington, in charge of Captain Gale, with Mr. Robert Grissom as pilot and myself as signal officer. We made land some miles above Wilmington, ap parently through bad navigation, almost as far north as Cape Lookout, and when opposite Masonboro, in coasting down, we observed rockets going up behind us and not long after, they were going up directly ahead of us. We were running 408 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. at full speed when to our consternation rockets appeared quite near abreast of us; in fact we were, apparently, sur rounded by cruisers. There was a hurried consultation on the bridge. I Avas at my post with my lights waiting to be called when the order Avas given to head for the beach and drive the ship high and dry. The blockaders were then can nonading us very heavily. When our good old ship struck the beach she ploughed up the sand for a considerable dis tance, and keeled over on her side. The boats were lowered and every man Avas told to look out for himself, which I as sure you we lost no time in doing, as Ave had scarcely left the ship before the enemy were boarding her from the oppo site side and firing briskly Avith small arms. They followed us to the beach, and kept up a heavy fire from cannon and small arms for an hour. We dodged about in the bulrushes as best Ave could and made our Avay towards the fort. Cap tain Thomas, acting chief officer, took ashore with him tAvo fine chronometers, and selected me to carry one for him, but after beating around Avith them in the rushes for an hour or so, Ave became exhausted and had to throw them aAvay. I have no doubt they are still lying in the rushes on the beach. We at last met a company of soldiers avIio protected and es corted us to the Sound. We forded the Sound and remained all night, and Ave Avere sent to Wilmington next day, overland, by mule teams. I always thought that it was a shame for the Lady Davis to be lost, haA'ing no doubt Ave could have put to sea and escaped on the occasion referred to, although I Avas not informed as to the supply of coal on board. Captain Gale had been very sick the day before and Avas too feeble to leave the ship, so remained on board and Avas captured and taken to Fort Warren. "The United States steamer James Adger. commanded by Captain James Foster, of Bloomington, Ind., had the good fortune to capture our ship and hauled her off as a prize. Strangely enough, Captain Foster Avas an intimate friend of the lady Avhom I afterAvards married in his native town, and he frequently related the incident referred to, thinking it a great joke that he forced her husband to take to the water. Blockade Running. 409 "After reaching Wilmington and supplying myself with clothing and a hat, having lost mine in the rush for the shore, I immediately went on board the steamer Flora, with Cap tain Horner, and made a successful run to Bermuda. The Flora was considered too slow and sent back to England. I then joined the Index, commanded by Captain Marshall, and made several successful A'oyages on her, but she, too, was con demned as too slow and Avas returned to Glasgow. I had a thrilling adventure on this ship on a homeward voyage, when for the first time in all my experience Ave made land opposite Bald Head light on Frying Pan Shoals. As Ave were coining around to NeAv Inlet we fell in Avith a Federal cruiser who Avas so close AA'hen Ave discovered her that we could easily discern the manceuA'ers of her men on deck. She seemed to have anchors weighed and was moving about and could haA'e easily captured us, so we were at a loss to under stand Avhy she did not fire into us. Some of our people de cided that she Avished to secure us as a prize Avithout injury, as she steamed alongside of us for four miles, and all at once put her helm hard clown and went close under our stern, at tempting to go between us and the shoals. I remember the remark of our pilot, Tom Grissom, to Captain Marshall : 'If she follows us on that course, I will Avreck her before Ave reach the inlet.' The cruiser had only steamed half a mile or so, when she suddenly passed from view, and in a few moments a rocket Avent up near AA'here we last saAv her, AA'hich was repeated at short intervals. After a feAV minutes rock ets could be seen going up from the AA'hole squadron, and there was evidently a great commotion among them on ac count of our pursuer who seemed suddenly to have gotten into serious trouble. We passed through the inlet Avithout further molestation, as the entire fleet had centered their at tention upon their unfortunate cruiser which had so suddenly gone down. When morning dawned, it revealed the Federal cruiser hard and fast on the reef with the other vessels of the squadron Avorking manfully to relieve her. Colonel Lamb went down to the extreme point with his Whitworth guns and opened fire upon her. A month or so afterAvards, while in Bermuda, I saw a spirited sketch of the Avhole affair in Frank 410 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Leslie's Illustrated News, giving an account of the Avreck and of an investigation of the conduct of the officers in charge. I think the vessel was the gun-boat Petrel. "After the Index was sent back to Glasgow, Captain Mar shall took charge of the steamer Rouen, and I joined her as signal officer. We loaded our cargo and started for Wilming ton, and on the third day out sighted a steamer about 1 o'clock p. m., Avhich proved to be the United States steamer Keystone State, Avhich captured us after a hot chase of six hours. We were all transferred to the Margaret and Jessie, a former blockade-runner Avhich had been captured and utilized as a cruiser. We were taken to New York and confined in the Tombs prison. Subsequently all of the officers and crew were discharged except four of us, and Ave were transferred to the LudloAV street jail for further investigation. After about six weeks iinprionment, Ave succeeded in effecting our escape through the medium of English gold, after Avhich we Avent doAvn to East mTer and found an old barque loaded Avith staves and hay for St. Thomas. Each one of us gave the captain $25.00 in gold, Avith the understanding that he would sail by St. George's, Bermuda, and land us there. We reached this place after several Aveeks to find it devastated by yellow fever. Many personal friends died with this scourge, among Avhom was our lamented purser of the Index, Mr. Rob ert Williams, a Avell-knoAvn native of Wilmington, much be loved for his personal qualities. I made one voyage on the steamer Owl, AA'hich became famous under the command of Captain John N. Maffitt. After this I joined the neAv steel steamer Susan Beirne, commanded by Captain Martin, of which my old friend and shipmate, James Sprunt, Avas pur ser. After a very hazardous voyage in this ship, during AA'hich avc Aveathered a fearful gale and nearly foundered, we returned to Nassau to learn from Captain Maffitt of the steamer Owl. Avhich had just arriA-ed, that the last port of the Confederacy had been closed, and that the Avar was practi cally over. "A small party of almost reckless Confederates, composed of our chief engineer, Mr. Lockhart ; our second engineer, Mr. Carroll; our purser, Mr. James Sprunt, and the purser Blockade Running. 41 1 of another steamer in port, Mr. William Green, bought the steam launch belonging to our ship, a boat about forty feet in length and six feet breadth of beam, and made a perilous voyage by Avay of Green Turtle Cay, to Cape Carnavoral, Fla., AA'here they landed in the surf after a tAvo weeks' voyage, and proceeding on foot one hundred and seventy-five miles to Ocala, Fla., succeeded in eA'ading the Federal pickets and sentries at A-arious points along the route, and at last reached Wilmington, haA'ing occupied about two months on the way. I chose an easier and more agreeable route and proceeded via Ne\v York to visit some relatives in Indiana, returning later to North Carolina to find peace restored to our unhappy and desolated country." distinguished englishmen avho aided the confederacy. One of the most distinguished Englishmen who espoused the cause of the South during the Civil War, was the Hon. Francis C. Lawley, a kinsman of Gladstone, aa'Iio Avas subse quently editor of the famous London Telegraph, and later a member of Parliament. He came to General Lee as a Times Avar correspondent, accompanied by Lord Wolseley. with whom he ran the blockade. The personal devotion of these distinguished strangers was warmly reciprocated by the great Southern chieftain, to whom both Wolseley and Roberts have referred as one of the foremost military leaders in history, Wolseley placing General Lee before all others. A feAV years ago Air. LaAvley wrote in his inimitable style seA-eral papers in the daily London Telegraph on the subject of his personal experience in blockade-running. His refer ence to a voyage in my ship, the Lilian, prior to my appoint ment as purser for three voyages, led to a pleasant correspond ence in AA'hich Ave exchanged notes on the same theme. I trust therefore, that this is a sufficient apology to the Tele graph for copying that part of Mr. Lawley's most interest ing allusion to blockade-running at Wilmington : "In three previous papers I have described some of the adventures which befell Lord Wolseley and myself AA-hen en gaged in running the blockade on the Potomac river during the American Civil War, and also the hardships endured by 412 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the Duke of Devonshire (then Lord Hartington) and Colo nel Charles Leslie, M. P., when they successfully accom plished the same feat in the upper waters of that majestic river, Avhich divides the North from the South. Less fortu nate than ourselves, the late Air. George LaAvrence Avas fired upon, Avounded and taken prisoner not far from the awful gorge where the Potomac cuts its Avay through the rocks at Harper's Ferry, and thence glides rapidly onward to the city of Washington. It should be premised that my experi ence of blockade-running both by land and sea, as a special Avar correspondent between 1862 and 1865, Avere more exten sive than in my printed account of them I shall ever attempt to delineate. All that I noAv propose to do — I hope without wearying my readers — is to contrast the tAvo modes of get ting into and out of the Southern States Avhen, Avith an en ergy and tenacity AA'hich did the Washington Government and the gallant soldiers and sailors under its command infin ite credit, it was resolved that Avere it possible not an ounce of quinine or other necessary medicine, not a musket or a cannon, not a copper cap or a pound of gunpoAvder, not a tooth brush or a pair of lady's stays — the last two articles being in almost uniA'ersal request before the Avar had entered its third year — not a suit of uniform or a military great coat should enter Dixie Land from the hour Avhen the blockade was proclaimed until the 'rebels' had reached their last ditch. Fortunately for the latter, it Avas not possible, even Avhen the Avar was in its final stage, to prevent courageous and experi enced blockade-runners from slipping through the meshes and evading the traps plentifully set to catch them. "In every great emergency that arises on a large scale in human affairs, a neAv race or profession of hardy men, and occasionally of equally hardy Avomen, springs into existence to meet it. I do not believe that any of the soldiers Avho fought in a Avar wherein the most magnificent courage was exhibited on both sides, were braver men than some of the captains, officers, engineers and common sailors engaged month after month and year after year, in defying the block ading fleets and their satellites — the SAvift cruisers — to keep them out of Wilmington, Charleston, Mobile, Galveston, and Blockade Running. 413 one or two other Southern ports. A grander school to teach sailors their business, and to cultivate in them the presence of mind, readiness of resource, iron nerve, grim tenacity, and poAver of magnetizing all around them, which every fresh revelation as to Lord Nelson's Avondrous career shoAved that he possessed, it Avould be impossible to imagine. Let it not be forgotten, moreover, that excepting a feAV Southerners, the captains, officers and engineers of the blockade-running craft were Englishmen, Scotchmen and Irishmen. Were I to at tempt to pay my humble tribute to each of the captains I kneAv — and I kne\v them nearly all — Avho ran into the Cape Fear river, upon Avhich Wilmington, in North Carolina, stands, the space at my command would be exhausted before I could begin to do them justice. Their names might be as familiar to their compatriots as those of the heroic command ers of the men-of-war that won Copenhagen, the Nile and Trafalgar, were it not that the Muse of History is often com pelled to be mute about some of the pluckiest of human achievements. Because Captains Hobart, Hewett, Murray- Aynsley, and Burgoyne, all of the Royal navy, were obliged to change their names and resign their commissions before en gaging in Avhat international law declared to be a surrepti tious trade, they can never share the fame belonging to Nel son's captains, although in daring and resource they never had superiors. More fortunate than the bearers of her Ma jesty's commission, Captain Steele, of England's mercantile navy, ran the blockade in his own name more frequently than any of his congeners, and all that I have said of Hobart, Hewett and Alurray-Aynsley — I omit Captain Burgoyne be cause he only made two or three trips — is at least equally applicable to Captain Steele (a Yorkshireman ) , and also to Captain Wilkinson and Captain LTalpin. Wilkinson, a Con federate naval officer, ran the blockade twenty-one times in ten months and Halpin, of the British mercantile marine was, as a blockade-runner conspicuous for his courage and coolness, and afterward commanded the Great Eastern when she Avas laying ocean cables. 'Nor,' to quote from a capital paper contributed by the still living Colonel Lamb, of the Confederate army, to the Southern Historical Papers, 'must 414 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. plucky Tom Taylor be forgotten, super-cargo of the Banshee and the Night Hawk, Avho, by his coolness and daring, es caped Avith a boat's creAv from the hands of the Federals, after capture off Fort Fisher, and Avas endeared to the chil dren of the Confederacy as the Santa Clans of the War.' This tribute to Air. Thos. E. Taylor, avIio is happily still living, and has lately given the Avorld a fascinating little volume called 'Running the Blockade,' is not one Avhit hand somer than he deserves. "There are four Avorks more or less upon the same subject as that to AA'hich Air. Tims. E. Taylor devotes his pen, AA'hich should be carefully studied by those — may I include the Board of Admiralty among them ( — Avho Avish to' understand the blockade and its lessons aright. The first is by Prof. J. R. Soley, of the United States Navy, and is called 'The Blockade and the Cruisers.' It Avas published at New York by Charles Scribners 6: Sons, in 1883. The second is 'Never Caught; or Personal AdA'entures Connected with T\verve Successful Trips in Blockade Running During the American Civil War, 1863-'64,' by Captain Roberts, alias Captain the Hon. Augustus Hobart, afterAvards Hobart Pasha. It Avas published by John Camden Hotten (London) in 1867. The third is 'The Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe ; or How the Confederate Cruisers Were Equipped,' by James I). Bulloch, naval representatiA-e of the Confeder ate States in Europe during the Civil War : tAvo volumes pub lished by Richard Bentley (London) in 1883. The fourth is 'Running the Blockade ; a Personal Narrative of AdA'en tures, Risks and Escapes During the American Civil War,' by Thomas E. Taylor, published by John Alurrav (London), 1896. "Three out of the four are Avritten by sympathizers Avith the Southern cause, the fourth by Prof. Soley, of the United States Navy. Of the four, perhaps the most valuable contri bution to universal history is Captain Bulloch's 'Secret Ser vice of the Confederate States in Europe;' as in addition to revealing much about the blockade, hoAv it Avas maintained and Iioav it Avas violated, there is in it some useful informa tion as to Iioav the Confederate agents in Europe managed Blockade Running. 415 to get the Alabama, the Florida and other armed cruisers to sea ; Iioav their creAvs Avere engaged and their armaments put on board ; hoAv they succeeded in coaling and taking in pro visions, and many other important items with which the British Admiralty ought to be thoroughly familiar. There cannot be the smallest doubt that in the event of England being engaged in a big Avar, any amount of pirate vessels — the phrase universally applied by the ambassadors, politi cians, and neAvspapers of the North to the ^1 labama, Florida, Sumter and their sisters — would issue from American ports under the- banner of the belligerent opposing us, and seek to drive English commerce off the seas, as effectually as a few British-built cruisers carrying the Confederate flag dealt Avith the commercial ships of the Northern States between 1861 and 1865. Captain Bulloch's two volumes are AA'ritten in a thoroughly fair and honest spirit, and the reports of trials in the prize courts of the United Kingdom, of its colonies and of foreign countries, and other official documents, speeches and dispatches Avhich they contain give the Avork a value which Avithin the same compass cannot elseAvhere be found. Let us take the following quotation as an example: " 'The Alabama left Liverpool on 29 July, 1862. She was commissioned off the island of Terceira on 24 August, and kept at sea almost incessantly for two years. During that period she was rarely in harbor and never long enough to effect a thorough overhauling of rigging, hull or engines. While cruising she Avas mostly kept under sail Avith screAv up, but Avas purposely taken to the great thoroughfare of Ameri can marine traffic where it was reasonable to expect that United States Avarships Avould be sent to keep guard. Hence she was in constant expectation of having to run or to fight. Any morning's light might find her close to an enemy's ship, and prudence required a sharp lookout and constant readi ness. Her engines got rest, but her boilers none. The fires were never allowed to go wholly out, but Avere banked ; and the water Avas kept in such condition that steam might be quickly got up. The chief engineer has since told me that rarely had he an opportunity to cool the boilers and clean flues and pipes. A great portion of her cruising was in the 416 North Carolina Troops, l861-'65. tropics, although she faced every climate. The icy fogs of the NeAvfoundland banks, the steaming moisture of the equa torial belt, the burning sun of the .Malacca and China Seas, all these in quick succession tested her endurance and qual ity. The Avear and tear of such a cruise, Avith no means to repair injuries except what might be found in captured ves sels, told upon the little craft at last, so that early in 1864 Captain Semmes began to think of her requirements, and coming back round the Cape of Good Hope into the Atlan tic, Avorked leisurely up through the paths of commerce, cap turing a prize iioav and then, but finding few; for by that time the American mercantile flag had well nigh disap peared.' "This passage "will, 1 hope, call reneAved attention in influ ential quarters to Captain Bulloch's monumental work. But justice requires- that I should turn to its correlative from a Northern pen, and afterAvards to their tAvo lighter sisters. Prof. Soley's little book is A'aluable, because, published eigh teen years after the end of the Avar, it gives authoritative statements of the strength of the Northern NaA-y in Alarch, 1S61, and Avhat it greAv to in Alarch, 1865. Eighteen sail ing vessels and twenty-seven steamers (forty-two in all), was the available complement at the beginning, and 671 ves sels of all. kinds at the end of the Avar. 'In 1S65,' AA'rites Prof. Soley, 'there were 7,600 officers and 50,000 seamen in the naval service of the Federal Government' The work should also be studied because it giA-es a capital description of the four intermediary points, Bermuda, Nassau, Havana and Alatamoras, from AA'hich the neutral trade into and out of the South Avas conducted. Every detail, sliOAving the ut ter inadequacy of the Northern navy Avith only 42 vessels (37 of which Avere modern) to maintain at first an effective blockade over more than 3,000 miles of indented coast, is given with perfect frankness by Prof. Soley, and his book is as fair and reasonable as that of Captain Bulloch, though not epiite so entertaining. "The 'Never Caught' of Captain Roberts and the 'Running the Blockade' of Air. Thomas E. Taylor, are equally amus ing ; but the latter is of higher value and more full of instruc- Blockade Running. 417 tion than its tiny predecessor. Hobart Pasha was born to be a pirate, and in self-confidence and audacity none could surpass him. Mr. Taylor, on the other hand, though quite as brave as the object of his Avell deserved admiration, Cap tain Steele, or as that uniA'ersal favorite, Admiral Aynesley- Alurray ( who called himself for the purpose of the blockade Captain Murray, and was one of the most undemonstratively courageous men that I ever came across), possessed little of the bounce of Hobart Pasha. For instance, 'Running the Blockade' Avould have been better Avithout its introduction, which, although intended apparently to serve as an endorse ment, is the least satisfactory part of the little volume. Oth- erwise, Mr. Taylor's 176 pages are so modest and so full of interest that they might safely be recommended for Christ mas reading to old and young. It is high time, hoAvever, in order to justify the Avords at the head of this paper, that I should noAA' giA'e my own experience in connection Avith the first time that I ran the blockade imvards by sea. "Early in 1864 I started from Richmond, in Virginia, and making my Avay across the Potomac, reached New York via Washington, Avithout mishap, though I had a still nar- roAver escape from capture at Alarlborough, in Afaryland, than that from Avhich Lord Wolseley, and I emerged un scathed about seventeen months before near Port Tobacco, and Avhich I have already described in another paper. Upon the tAventieth day after I left Richmond, I landed on Brit ish soil at Liverpool, and can Avell remember hoAv 'the sacred calm that breathed around' as I journeyed on a lovely sum mer night from Liverpool to London, contrasted Avith the constant roar of angry cannon, the rattle of musketry, and the thousand daily incidents of grim-visaged war Avhich I had just left behind me. After passing nearly four months in Europe, half in England and half in Rome, I started again from Liverpool for 'Secessia,' Avhere, in truth, my heart, touched by the splendid courage of her sons and the tender ness and devotion of her daughters, had remained all the time of my absence. As I was carrying back with me to Rich mond several presents, such as books for Air. Jefferson Davis and Mr. Benjamin, and little souvenirs to be given to some 27 418 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. feAV of my friends in the field, it Avas impossible to run the blockade by the Potomac. All that you could carry with you by land was a small A'alise, called in Y ankee language a 'grip-sack,' in Avhich moreover, you had to take good care to have no compromising documents. I resolved therefore, to run in by sea, knoAving that 1 should be able to carry any amount of luggage on board a blockade-runner. Upon 15 May, 1S64, 1 started from QueenstoAvn for Halifax, Nova Scotia, on board the Cunard royal mail steamship China, passing on from Halifax to Bermuda in a small commercial steamer — Iioav she did roll ! — belonging to the same great steamship company. Among the funny coincidences of the Avar and its adjuncts that still dwell in my memory, I re member that acording to the invariable practice of the Cun ard line, all hands on board were summoned to attend divine service in the saloon on Sunday morning. The captain, an engaging little felloAv, and a brother Yorkskireman of mine, who talked in the broad Doric of that noble county with as rich an accent as that of Sim Templeton, the jockey, or of the late Air. Dudley Alilner, or of the present Countess of Wharnecliffe Avhen she imitates the Yorkshire dialect, had, of course, to read the sendee, to Avhich, by the Avay, I have often listened Avith delight on one of the big Cunarders be tween NeAv York and Liverpool, and never have I heard it better read than by old Commodore Judkins, or by that prince of good felloAvs, ( 'aptain Shannon. I saw from the first that the captain was very nervous, but after sundry halts and try-backs Ave got successfully to the First Lesson. It was a chapter of Isaiah, containing two or three Ions names in the first verse, at which for a moment the poor little man gazed helplessly, then suddenly thrusting the Bible in my hand, bolted from the saloon. Of course, I had no alter native but to read the lesson and finished the rest of the ser vice, as there Avas obviously no animus revertendi on the part of the sacred fugitive. "On arriving at Bermuda — as lovely a little group of islands as eye could rest upon — I found that the same good luck which throughout the Avar attended my blockade-running ef forts, did not desert me on this occasion. Two brand new Blockade Running. 419 vessels, both built by Alessrs. Thompson, of GlasgOAv, and both credited Avith behaA'ing during their voyage out from England like capital sea boats, lay in the harbor of Hamil ton, Bermuda, ready to sail next day for Wilmington, in North Carolina. The distance in a bee line is 674 miles, and by that time, more than tAvo years after the commence ment of the Avar, the sea Avas alive AA-ith fast Yankee cruisers, of all sizes and descriptions. From the moment that a blockade-runner left Bermuda or Nassau, she Avas liable to be sighted by the Vanderbilt, or by the James Adger, or some other fourteen or fifteen-knot boat, AA'hich allowed her to get some hundred miles out to sea, so that she could not double back and take shelter in a British port, and then AA'ent for her, as poor Bromley- Davenport sings, 'With the Rush of the Lim ited Mail.' Fortunately by that time the builders of the light gossamer craft, with three funnels apiece (the only strong and heavy articles in them being their big, tubular boilers, capable of standing a tremendous pressure of steam), knew how to send blockade-runners out to sea with a knot or two more per hour 'up their sleeves' than their fastest pur suers could boast. "Two ships, the Lilian and the Florie, lay in Hamilton harbor Avhen I entered it on the last day of May, 1864. They seemed like a couple of beautiful steam yachts of about 500 tons, but Avithout rigging. They were painted a dull, leaden grey color, to make them as invisible as possible at sea. Their engines were, of course, in tip-top order ; plentiful supplies of Welsh steam coal brought out from England, enabled them to fill their bunkers just before starting. The weather Avas beautiful and everything portended a swift and successful trip. The only question still to be decided was to Avhich of the two should I commit my fortunes. Both Avere to start for Wilmington next day, 1 June, and each claimed to be faster than the other. The same company OAA'ned both, and bets had been freely made by their respective creAvs as to which would reach Wilmington first. The Lilian was com manded by Captain Maffitt, an officer of the United States Navy before the Avar, Avho, however, being a North Caroli nian, had followed his State when she seceded from the 420 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Union. I knew that Captain Maffitt Avas a favorite of Gen eral Lee, Avho Avas always glad to relieve the strain upon his mind by listening to his old friend's sea yarns, and one glance at his resolute, straightforward face made me determine that I Avould go Avith him. He Avas, in truth, a fine specimen of a Carolina sailor, and the more I saAv of him during our short three days and four nights voyage, the more I liked him. "We started in the evening almost abreast of the Florie, our sister ship, Avith Avhich Ave kept company until darkness fell. The sea Avas like a mill dam. What wind there Avas blew from the right quarter, and during that first night, our little company of passengers, eight in number, enjoyed themselves as Englishmen and Americans always do Avhen there is a spice of danger and adventure in the job upon which they have embarked. The cool sea breeze was delightfully re freshing after the hot coral rocks of Bermuda, and no vigi lant Yankee steamer, such as the Rhode Island, from whose too strenuous attentions many a blockade-running vessel had suffered on putting forth from Bermuda, seemed to be in pur suit. We all slept like tops, and when morning came a fairer sight than that which presented itself never had met my eyes at sea. Not a vessel Avas anywhere visible to the lookout perch — aloft in the crow's nest, the Florie had disappeared, the sea sparkled in the glorious sunshine, and lots of flying fish, the first that I had ever seen, emerged from the ocean, and after a short, sharp flight of two or three hundred yards dropped again into the hilloAvy depths. I confess that I Avas neA'er tired of Avatching them, much to Captain Maffitt's amusement, Avho had seen more than enough of flying fish Avhen in command of the Oreto, afterAvards the Florida, Avith AA'hich he audaciously ran into Atobile in broad daylight, and although cut to ribands by the heavy short-distance fire of the blockaders, got safely through Avithout being sunk, and moored his little A'essel at Alobile Avharf, more than thirty miles distant from Fort Alorgan, the Confederate fort'Avhich guarded the entrance to Alobile Bay and kept the blockaders at a respectful distance. "Returning to the 'airy, fairy Lilian/ we had got about 350 miles away from Bermuda, Avhen Captain Maffitt's quick Blockade Running. 421 eye discerned a sail upon our port boAv, enveloped in a dense canopy of smoke. She lay in a part of the ocean continually swept by Federal cruisers, and our wily captain well knew that noAvhere Avas more guile displayed by both belligerents than in connection Avith blockade-running. The vessel might very likely prove a trap to lure the Lilian on to her destruc tion, but after carefully scrutinizing her through his glasses, Captain Afaffitt came to the conclusion that she might be on fire. Time Avas ineffably precious to us, but after generously exclaiming, 'No luck can betide a vessel Avhich leaves a com rade in distress at sea,' our humane captain ordered our course to be altered, and bore doAvn upon the stranger. She was soon made out to be a Federal cruiser, emitting a dense white cloud Avith her Cumberland coal and beating rapidly eastAvard in pursuit of another outward bound delinquent. The Lilian's helm Avas therefore changed and she resumed Vr original course. "Meantime the fine Aveather had deserted us, and the noon of our third day out Avas so dull and dark that it was impos sible to take an observation. It was generally believed by the captain and his officers that ere day dawned on the fol lowing morning it. Avas possible that Ave might make a run into Wilmington, and onward we pressed. The Lilian's sharp boAv seemed to cleave the waves like a razor, and the exhilar ation of flying through the water at a speed which defied pur suit, raised our spirits to such a pitch, that Charles Mackay and Henry Russell's famous old song, 'There's a Good Time Coining, Boys !' burst in chorus from our lips, folloAA'ed by such familiar Confederate Avar strains as — " 'Then let the big guns roar as they will, We'll be gay and happy still ; Gay and happy, free and easy. We'll be gay and happy still.' "By the way, poor Frank Vizetelly used to substitute for the third line 'Free and easy, fat and greasy,' the last words being only too suggestive of his oavii appearance on a hot Sum mer day. "Before long, hoAvever, the captain silenced our ill-timed mirth, and soon our position, as Ave drew nearer and nearer 422 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. to the land, became too excited to admit of irrelevant ebul litions. "It was impossible at such a moment to withhold one's admiration from the fitness of the vessel under our feet for the purpose for AA'hich she had been built, and also for the perfection of the system under AA'hich she Avas handled, and Avhich experience had already shown to be necessary to give her and her consorts every chance of success. When night fell, not a single light Avas visible in any part of the ship, and no one under any circumstances was alloAved to smoke, lest his cigar or cigarette or pipe might be seen by a lookout on board of one of our vigilant enemies. Steam Avas bloAvn off under water, our coal made no visible smoke, and our feathering paddles no noise ; our hull rose only a feAV feet out of the water ; our only spars Avere two short loAver masts with no yards, and only a small ci-oav's nest in the foremast. The forAvard deck was constructed in the form of a turtle back to enable the Lilian to go through a heavy sea. Our start from Bermuda Avas so Avell timed that a moonless night and high tide were secured for our running into Wilmington. For the rest, Ave trusted to our speed, AA'hich, as will shortly be seen, saved our vessel next day from capture, and ourselves from the distinguished honor of passing a feAV months as pris oners in the Old Capitol, or in a fort off Boston or Balti more harbor. The blockading A'essels, too, Avere admirably managed. No lights Avere carried by them except on board one vessel, that in which the Flag- Admiral sailed. She changed her position cwery night, and the absence of strong lights on shore, discernible two or three miles aAvay from Fort Fisher, greatly augmented the difficulty of hitting New Inlet, a narroAv channel leading into the Cape Fear river. MoreoA'or, the A'essels AA'hich maintained the blockade Avere pro vided with calcium or other incandescent lights, which thev flashed forth on the slightest provocation, and also Avith rock ets which they let off in the direction a blockade-runner was taking, — talking to each other, in fact, with colored lights at night as effectually as they did Avith signals by day. "It will readily be imagined that during our third night out from Bermuda, going to bed Avas far from our thoughts. The Blockade Running. 423 night Avore rapidly avvay; 2 o'clock,. 3 o'clock, 3:30 came, but no eye peering through the thick gloom could descry the light on top of the mound at Fort Fisher. Then, as morn ing dawned, Captain Alaffitt stopped his engines and pre pared to lay to for the day between the outer and inner cordon of blockaders. It Avas too much to hope that for sixteen or seventeen hours of broad daylight Ave could escape observa tion in that cruiser-haunted neighborhood ; nevertheless from four in the morning till 1 :30 p. m., Ave were unmolested. Then the tall masts of a big steamer, her immense paddle wheels and loftv, black hull hove in sight from the direction of Wilmington, going at full speed, and by the keen eyes on board her, the little Lilian was instantly descried. Before Ave could get up steam fully, our gigantic enemy drew un comfortably near, and orders were given to haA'e all the mail bags carried by the Lilian made ready, in case of capture, to be dropped AA'ith weights attached to them, into the all de vouring ocean. Several shots fleAv over our heads or dropped by our side, but going at such a pace it is not easy to hit a lit tle vessel Avith projectiles fired from the unstable platform of a pursuer going fifteen knots an hour through a lumpy sea. "Presently our beautiful little craft began to ans\ver in earnest to the driA'ing poAver Avithin her, as a thoroughbred horse gallantly responds to the spur of his rider. As the pres sure of steam ascended from fifteen pounds to twenty, from twenty to twenty-three, from twenty-three to twenty-six, and as the revolutions of the paddle mounted from twenty-six to twenty-eight, from tAventy-eight to thirty-three per minute, the little vessel flew out to sea SAvift as a startled Avilcl duck. Before two and a half hours had passed the hull of the big Yankee was invisible and her top-gallant sails a mere speck on the distant horizon. As, hoAvever, she and doubtless oth ers of her sisters lay betAveen us and Wilmington, it became necessary to run around them. Our helm accordingly Avas changed and as the sun dropped into the sea our pursuer, though a long Avay off, still hung upon our rear. There Avas nothing for it but to stick to our course ; but such had been the speed of our flight that the inside blockading squadron was clearly sighted by us before the close of the day. Grim 424 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. and forbidding enough in all conscience the black hulls looked and so close did they lie to each other that it seemed hoping against hope to expect that a little craft like ours would pass unscathed between them or among them, taking the fire of two or three broadsides at little more than pistol range, or that she could eventually escape destruction at the hands of such formidable antagonists. But in command Ave had a captain avIio, in broad day, had braved the worst that the blockaders off Alobile could do to the little Oreto, without being scared or sunk. It is at such moments that you realize hoAv paramount is the influence of a dauntless chief upon all around him ; and it is felt more in so confined a space as the deck of a ship than in a great battle on land. Nevertheless, Ave could not but perceiA'e — indeed, Captain Maffitt's anxious face plainly told us so — that our position was far from com fortable, pursued as Ave were by a A'essel a few miles off to the rear, Avhich clearly saAv us, and, swiftly approaching a powerful squadron of heavily armed blockaders, AA'hich had not yet caught sight of the Lilian's two masts, but might do so at any moment. "Fortunately for us, before Ave got close in, night fell. The creAvs on board the blockaders were taking their evening meal as Ave approached them, and I suppose the lookout were not quite so sharp as they undoubtedly became before the end of the Avar. Not a moment Avas lost by Captain Alaffitt, or by our excellent pilot, a Wilmington man, when darkness had fairly settled upon the face of the deep. Silently, and Avith bated breath Ave crept slowly in, passing blockader after blockader so close that at every moment Ave expected a bril liant light to flash forth, turning night into day, and fol lowed by a hurricane of shot and shell, AA'hich might easily have torn the little Lilian to pieces. It was destined, how ever, that upon this occasion she Avas not to receive her bap tism of fire, for the shots sent after her by her big Yankee pursuer hardly deserve the name. Just as Ave approached the big mound, close to which Fort Fisher stands, a dark spot Avas discerned on the bar. It was a Federal launch groping for secrets, or perhaps sinking rocks and other obstructions into the channel immediately under the fire of Fort Fisher's Blockade Running. 425 guns. I am afraid that if Captain Maffitt had seen her a lit tle earlier he Avould have run her down. As matters stood, the launch escaped, and those on board were either too much scared to fire a musketry A'olley into us, or reluctant to do so, as Fort Fisher would doubtless have opened upon them, and, as I had many subsequent opportunities of ascertaining, her guns Avere seldom fired Avithout effect upon any object Avithin their range. "Another moment, and AA'e lay safe and sound beloAv the mound, eagerly asking for neAvs from within the Confeder acy, and as eagerly questioned in our turn for neAvs from Avithout. The Avelcome extended to us by Colonel Lamb, commandant of the fort, and one of the most lovable men in existence, was so hearty that he made us regard entering the mouth of the Cape Fear river as tantamount to returning home. Moreover the Florie had not yet arrived, AA'hich raised the spirits of the Lilianites to feA'er heat." Another of the distinguished commanders of blockade- running steamers was Captain Roberts (so called), of the twin screw steamer Don, a quick, handy little boat, admirably adapted to the trade. I had the pleasure of kn'oAving him personally through frequent intercourse Avith his signal of ficer, a fine young fellow named Seldon, from Virginia, and Ave Avere much impressed Avith the superior bearing and in telligence of this remarkable man, avIio afterAvards became famous in the Avar between Russia and Turkey as Hobart Pasha, Admiral and Chief of the Turkish NaA'y. "Captain Roberts" was the Hon. Augustus Charles Hobart Hampden (son of the Earl of Buckinghamshire), post cap tain in the Royal Navy and for a time commander of Queen Victoria's yacht Victoria and Albert. He had seen service in the Avar betAveen Emperor Nicholas, France and Great Britain in 1854, under the great Admiral Sir Charles Na pier, AA'hen he commanded H. Al. S. Driver, and after the general order, "Lads, sharpen your cutlasses," boarded the Russian Avarships before Cronstadt, stormed the seven forts which guarded the entrance to that harbor and sailed up the Neva even to St. Petersburg itself. Having made several runs in.to Wilmington during his absence from England on 426 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. leave, he returned home, and fretting under the dull routine of service ashore, accepted the command of the entire Turkish Navy, at the outbreak of the Avar with his old antagonists, the Russians. He died in 1886 and was buried in the English Cemetery at Scutari. FoUoAving is his account of adventures in blockade-running to Wilmington : "We left the quay at Wilmington, cheered by the hurrahs of our brother blockade-runners, Avho Avere taking in and dis charging their cargoes, and steamed a short distance down the river, Avhere Ave were boarded to be searched and smoked. This latter extraordinary proceeding, called for, perhaps, by the existing state of affairs, took me altogether aback. That a smoking apparatus should be applied to a cargo of cotton seemed almost astounding. But it was so ordered, the object being to search for runaAvays, and, strange to say, its efficacy Avas apparent, Avhen, after an hour or more's application of the process ( which was by no means a gentle one) an unfortu nate wretch, crushed almost to death by the closeness of his hiding place, poked Avith a long stick until his ribs must have been like touchwood, and smoked the color of a backwoods Indian, Avas dragged by the heels into daylight, ignomin- ou sly put into irons and hurled into the guard boat. This discovery nearly caused the detention of the vessel on suspi cion of our being the accomplice of a runaway ; but after some deliberation, we were allowed to go on. "Ha\'ing steamed doAvn the river a distance of about 20 miles, Ave anchored at 2 o'clock in the afternoon near its mouth. We Avere hidden by Fort Fisher from the blockading squadron lying off the bar, there to remain till some time after nightfall. After Ave anchored Ave Avent on shore to take a peep at the enemy from the batteries. Its command ant, a fine, clashing young Confederate officer (Colonel Lamb), avIio was a firm friend of blockade-runners, accom panied us around the fort. We counted twenty-five vessels under Avay ; some of them occasionally ventured Avithin range, but no sooner had one of them done so than a shot was throAvn so unpleasantly near that she at once moved out again. "We Avere much struck Avith the Aveakness of Fort Fisher, Blockade Running. 427 Avhich, AA'ith a garrison of 1,200 men, and only half finished, could have easily been taken at any time since the Avar began by a resolute body of 5,000 men making a night attack. It is true that at the time of its capture it was somewhat stronger than at the time I visited it, but even then its garrison was comparatively small, and its defences unfinished. I fancy the bold front so long shoAvn by its occupiers had much to do with the fact that such an attack was not attempted till just before the close of the Avar. "The time chosen for our starting Avas 11 o'clock, at which hour the tide Avas at its highest on the bar at the entrance of the riA'er. Fortunately the moon set about 10 and as it was very cloudy Ave had every reason to expect a pitch-dark night. There were tAvo or three causes that made one rather more nervous on this occasion than Avhen leaving Bermuda. "In the first place, five minutes after Ave had crossed the bar Ave should be in the thick of the blockaders, Avho always closed nearer in on the very dark nights. Secondly, our cargo of cotton Avas of more importance than the goods we carried in ; and thirdly, it was the thing to do to make the double trip in and out safely. There Avere also all manner of reports of the iicav plans that had been arranged by a zeal ous Commodore lately sent from New York to catch us all. HoAveA'er, it was of no use canvassing these questions, so at a quarter of 11 Ave weighed anchor and steamed doAvn to the entrance of the riA'er. 'A'ery faint lights, Avhich could not be seen far at sea, Avere set on the beach in the same position as I have heretofore de scribed, having been thus placed for vessels coming in; and bringing these astern in exact line, that is, the two into one, we kneAv that Ave were in the passage for going over the bar. The order Avas then given, 'Full speed ahead,' and Ave shot at a grand speed out to sea. "Our troubles began almost immediately ; for the cruisers had placed a roAving barge, AA'hich could not be seen by the forts, close to the entrance, to signalize the direction which any vessel that came out might take. This was done by rock ets being throAvn up by a designed plan from the barge. We had hardly cleared the bar Avhen Ave saAv this boat very near 428 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. our bows, nicely placed to be run clean over, and as we were going about fourteen knots her chance of escape would have been small had Ave been inclined to finish her. Changing the helm, which 1 did myself, a couple of spokes just took us clear. We passed so close that 1 could have dropped a biscuit into the boat with ease. I heard the crash of broken oars against our sides ; not a Avord Avas spoken. "I strongly suspect every man in that boat held his breath till the great Avhite avalanche of cotton, rushing by so un pleasantly near, had passed quite clear of her. "However, they seemed A'ery soon to have recovered them selves, for a minute had scarcely passed before up Avent a rocket, Avhich I thought a A'ery ungrateful proceeding on their part. But they only did their duty, and perhaps they did not knoAv hoAv nearly they had escaped being made food for fishes. On the rocket being thrown- up, a gun was fired un commonly close to us, but as we did not hear any shot, it may have been only a signal to cruisers to keep a sharp look-out. "We steered a mile or two near the coast, always edging a little to the eastward, and then shaped our course straight out to sea. SeA'eral guns Avere fired in the pitch darkness very near us. (I am not quite sure Avhether some of the blockaders did not occasionally pepper each other.) After an hour's fast steaming, AA'e felt moderately safe, and by the morning had a good offing. "Daylight broke with thick, hazy weather, nothing being in sight. We Avent on all right until 8 :30 o'clock, Avhen the weather cleared up, and there Avas a large paddle-AA'heel cruiser (that Ave must haA'e passed very near to in the thick weather) about six miles astern of us. The moment she saw us she gave chase. After running for a quarter of an hour, it Avas evident that Avith our heavy cargo on board, the cruiser had the legs of us, and as there Avas a long day before us for the chase, things looked badly. We moved some cotton aft to immerse our screAvs Avell, but still the cruiser Avas steadily decreasing her distance from us, when an incident of a very curious nature favored us for a time. "It is mentioned in the book of sailing directions that the course of the Gulf Stream (in the vicinity of which Ave knew Blockade Running. 429 Ave Avere) is in calm weather and smooth Avater plainly marked out by a ripple on its inner and outer edges. We clearly saAv, about a mile ahead of us, a remarkable ripple, which we rightly, as it turned out, conjectured, was that referred to in the book. As soon as Ave crossed it, we steered the usual course of the current of the Gulf Stream, that here ran for two or three miles an hour. Seeing us alter our course, the cruiser did the same ; but she had not crossed the ripple on the edge of the stream, and the course she Avas noAv steering tended to keep her for some time from doing so. The result soon made it evident that the observations in the book Avere correct ; for until she too crossed the ripple into the stream, we dropped her rapidly astern, Avhereby Ave increased our dis tance to at least seven miles. "It was now noon, from which time the enemy again be gan to close Avith us, and at 5 o'clock Avas not more than three miles distant. At 6 o'clock she opened a harmless fire with the Parrot gun in her bow, the shot falling far short of us. At sunset at 6 :45, she had got so near that she managed to send two or three shots o\'er us, and Avas steadily coming up. "Luckily, as night came on, the Aveather became very cloudy and Ave Avere on the dark side of the moon, now setting in the west, AA'hich occasionally breaking through the clouds astern of the cruiser, showed us all her movements, while Ave must have been A'ery difficult to make out, though certainly not more than a mile off. All this time she kept firing aAvay, thinking, I suppose, that she would frighten us into stopping. If Ave had gone straight on, we should doubtless have been caught, so Ave altered our course two points to the eastward. After steaming a short distance Ave stopped quite still, blow ing off steam under water, not a spark or the slightest smoke showing from the funnel ; and Ave had the indescribable sat isfaction of seeing our enemy steam past us, still firing ahead at some imaginary vessel. "This had been a most exciting chase and a very narrow escape ; night only saved us from a NeAv York prison. All this hard running had made an awful hole in our coal bunk ers, and as it was necessary to keep a stock for a run off the blockaded Bahama Islands, we were obliged to reduce our ex- 430 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. penditure to as small a quantity as possible. However, we Avere Avell out to sea, and after having passed the line of cruisers betAveen Wilmington and Bermuda, we had not much to fear till Ave approached the British possessions of Nassau and the adjacent islands, Avhere two or three very fast Amer ican A'essels Avere cruising, although 500 miles from American waters. I am ignorant, I confess, of the laAvs of blockade, or indeed if a laAV there be that alloAvs its enforcement, and penalties to be enacted, 500 miles aAvay from the ports block aded. But it did seem strange that the men-of-war of a na tion at peace Avith England should be allowed to cruise off her ports, to stop and examine trading vessels of all descriptions, to capture and send to NeAv York, for adjudication, vessels on the mere susrficion of their being intended blockade-runners, and to chase and fire into real blockade-runners so near to the shore that on one occasion the shot and shell fell into a fishing village, and that Avithin sight of an English man-of-war lying at anchor in the harbor of Nassau. Surely it is time that some well-understood laws should be made and rules laid doAvn, or such doing will sooner or later recoil on their au thors. "Having so little coal on board, Ave determined on making for the nearest point of the Bahama Islands, and luckily reached a queer little island called Green Turtle Quay, on the extreme north of the group, Avhere Avas a small English col ony, Avithout being seen by the cruisers. We had not been there long, hoAvever, before one of them came SAA'eeping round the shore, and stopped unpleasantly near to us ; even though Ave AA'ere inside the rock, she hovered about outside, not a mile from us. "We were a tempting bait, but a considerable risk to snap, and I suppose the American captain could not quite make up his mind to capture a vessel (albeit a blockade-runner piped full of cotton) lying in an English port, insignificant though that port might be. We got a large Avhite English ensign hoisted on a pole, thereby shoAving the nationality of the rock, should the cruiser be inclined to question it. After many longing looks, she steamed sIoavIv aAvay, much to our satisfaction. Coals Avere sent to us from Nassau the next Blockade Running. 431 day Avhich, having been taken on board, Ave Aveighed anchor, keeping close to the reefs and islands all the way. We steamed towards that port, and arriA'ed safely, haA'ing made the in and out voyage, including the time in unloading and loading at Wilmington, in sixteen days. "To attempt to describe at length the state of things at this usually tranquil and unfrequented little spot is beyond my powers. I will only mention some of its most striking features. Nassau differed much from Wilmington, inasmuch as at the latter place there was a considerable amount of poverty and distress, and men's minds Avere Aveighed Avith many troubles and anxieties ; whereas at Nassau everything at the time I speak of was couleur de rose. Every one seemed prosperous and happy. You met calculating, far-seeing men Avho were steadily employed in feathering their nests, let the Avar in America end as it might ; others, avIio, in the height of their enthusiasm for the Southern cause, put their last farthing into Confederate securities, anticipating enormous profits ; some men, careless and thoughtless, living for the hour, were spending their dollars as fast as they made them, forgetting that they would 'never see the like again.' There were rol licking captains and officers of blockade-runners, and drunk en, SAvaggering creAvs ; sharpers looking out for victims ; Yan kee spies, and insolent, Avorthless, free niggers — all these combined made a most heterogenous, though interesting, crowd. "The inhabitants of Nassau, avIio, until the period of blockade-running, had, with some exceptions, subsisted on a precarious and somewhat questionable livelihood gained by wrecking, had their heads as much turned as the rest of the world. Living was exorbitantly dear, as can well be im agined Avhen the captain of a blockade-runner could realize in a month a sum as large as the Governor's salary. The ex pense of living was so great that the officers of the West India Regiment quartered here had to apply for special alloAvance, and I believe their application Avas successful. The hotel, a large building, hitherto a most ruinous speculation, began to realize enormous profits ; in fact, the almightly dollar was 432 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. spent as freely as the humble cent had been before this golden era in the annals of Nassau. "As Ave had to stay here till the time for the dark nights came round again, we took it easy, and thoroughly enjoyed all the novelty of the scene. Aiost liberal entertainment was provided free by our owner's agent, and altogether Ave found Nassau very jolly; so much so that Ave felt almost sorry when time was called, and we had to prepare for another run; in fact, it Avas pleasanter in blockade-running to look backAvards than forAvards, especially if one had been so far in good luck. "All being ready, Ave steamed out of Nassau harbor, and were soon again in perilous Avaters. We had a distant chase noAV and then — a mere child's play to us after our experi ence — and on the third evening of our voyage Ave Avere pretty Avell placed for making a run through the blockade squadron as soon as it Avas dark. As the moon rose at 12 o'clock, it was very important that Ave should get into port before she threw a light upon the subject. "Unfortunately, Ave Avere obliged to alter our course or stop so often to avoid cruisers that Ave ran our time too close ; for, as Ave were getting near to the line of blockade, a splendid three-quarter size moon rose, making everything as clear as day. Trying to pass through the line of A'essels ahead Avith such a bright light shining would haA'e been madness ; in fact, it Avas dangerous to be moving about at all in such clear Aveather, so Ave steamed toAvards the land on the extreme left of the line of cruisers, and having made it out, went quite close in shore and anchored. "By lying as close as Ave dare to the beach, Ave must have had the appearance of forming part of the Ioav sand hills, which were about the height and color of the vessel, the Avood on their tops forming a background Avhieh hid the small amount of funnel and mast that showed above the decks. We must haA'c been nearly invisible, for Ave had scarcely been an hour at anchor AA'hen a gunboat came steaming along the shore very near to the beach, and while Ave were breathlessly watch ing her, hoping that she Avould go past, she dropped anchor alongside us, a little outside of Avhere Ave Avere lying, so close that Ave not only heard every order that Avas given on board, Blockade Running. 433 but could make out the purport of the ordinary conversation of the people on her decks. A pistol shot Avould have easily reached us. Our position Avas most unpleasant, to say the least of it. We could not stay where we Avere, as it only Avanted two hours to daybreak. If Ave had attempted to weigh anchor, Ave must have been heard doing so. However, Ave had sufficient steam at command to make a run for it. So, after waiting a little to alloAv the cruiser's fires to get low, Ave knocked the pin out of the shackle of the chain on deck, and easing the cable doAvn into the Avater, Avent ahead with one engine and astern Avith the other, to turn our vessel round head to seaAvard. "Imagine our consternation, Avhen, as she turned, she struck the shore before coming half round (she had been lying with her head inshore, so noAv it Avas pointed along the beach, luckily in the right direction, i. e., lying for the cruiser). There Avas nothing left to us but to put on full speed, and if possible force her from the obstruction, Avhich, after two or three hard bumps, Ave succeeded in doing. "After steaming quite close to the beach for a little Avay, we stopped to watch the gunboat, AA'hich, after resting for an hour or so, Aveighed anchor and steamed along the beach in the opposite direction to the AVay Ave had been steering, and was soon out of sight. So Ave steamed a short distance in shore and anchored again. It Avould have been certain cap ture to have gone out to sea just before daybreak, so Ave made the little craft as invisible as possible, and remained all the next day, trusting to our luck not to be seen. And our luck favored us, for, although we saw several cruisers at a distance none noticed us, which seems almost miraculous. "Thus passed Christmas day, 1863, and an anxious day it Avas to all of us. We might haA'e landed our cargo Avhere we were lying, but it Avould have been landed in a dismal swamp, and Ave should have been obliged to go into Wilmington for our cargo of cotton. "When night closed in we Aveighed anchor and steamed to the entrance of the river, Avhich, from our position being so Avell defined, we had no difficulty in making out. We re ceived a broadside from a savage little gun-boat quite close 28 434 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. inshore, her shot passing over us, and that was all. We got •comfortably to the entrance about 11 :30 o'clock, and so ended ¦our second journey in. "I determined this time to have a look at Charleston, which Avas then undergoing a lengthening and destructive siege. So, after giving over my craft into the hands of the owner's representatiA-es, who would unload and put her cargo of cotton on board, I took my place in the train, and, after passing thirty-six of the most miserable hours in my life, traveling the distance of 149 miles, I arrived at Charleston, or rather near to that city — for the train, disgusted, I sup pose, Avith itself, ran quietly off the line about two miles from the station into a meadoAV. "The passengers seemed perfectly contented, and shoulder ing their baggage, Avalked off into the tOAvn. I mechanically folloAved Avith my portmanteau, and in due course arrived at the only hotel, AA'here I was informed I might have half a room. "Acting on a hint I received from a black waiter that food Avas being devoured in the coffee room, and that if I did not look out for myself I should have to do Avithout that essential article for the rest of the day, I hurried into the 'salle-a-man- ger,' Avhere two long tables were furnished Avith all the luxu ries then to be obtained in Charleston, AA'hich luxuries con sisted of lumps of meat supposed to be beef, boiled Indian corn, and I think there were the remains of a feathered biped ¦or tAA'o, to partake of Avhich I Avas evidently too late. "All these Avashed doAvn with water, or coffee Avithout sugar, was not very tempting, but human nature must be supported, so to it I set, and having swallowed a sufficent quantity of animal food, I Avent off to -my room to take a pull at a bottle of brandy AA'hich I had sagaciously stored in my carpetbag. "But, alas ! for the morals of the beleaguered city. I found on arriving there, a nigger extended at full length in happy oblivion on the floor, Avith the clothes I had with me forming his pillow, and the brandy bottle rolling alongside of him, empty. "I first of all hammered his head against the floor, but Blockade Running. 435 the floor had the worst of it; then I kicked his shins (the most vulnerable part of a nigger), but it Avas no use ; so pour ing the contents of a Avater jug over him in the hope that I might thus cause awful dreams to disturb his slumbers, I left him, voting myself a muff for leaving the key in my trunk. "Having letters of introduction to some of General Beau regard's staff, I made my Avay to headquarters, Avhere I met with the greatest courtesy and kindness. An orderly was sent Avith me to sIioav me the top of the tOAver, a position that commands a famous vieAv of the beseiging army, the block ading squadron, and all the defences of the place. A bat tery had just been placed by the enemy (consisting of five Parrott guns of heavy calibre) five miles from the town, and that day had opened fire for the first time. At that enormous range the shell occasionally burst over or fell into the city, doing, hoAveA'er, little damage. The elevation of the guns must have been unusually great. I am told thai every one of them burst after a week's, or thereabouts, firing. "Poor Fort Sumter was nearly silenced after many months' hammering, but its brave defenders remained in it to the last, and it Avas not till a few days before Charleston Avas aban doned that they gave it up. "At the time I speak of the whole of the western beach Avas in the hands of the enemy, Battery Wagner having suc cumbed after one of the most gallant defences on record. While it remained in the hands of the Southerners it assisted Fort Sumter, inasmuch as, from its position it kept the en emy at a distance, but after its capture, or rather destruc tion, the latter fort was exposed to a tremendous fire from ships and batteries, and its solid front Avas terribly crumbled. "Surrounded, however, Avith water as it Avas, it would have been most difficult to take by assault ; and from what I could learn, certain destruction would have met any body of men Avho had attempted it latterly. There it stood, sulkily firing a lot of shell noAv and then, more out of defiance than any thing else. The blockading, or rather bombarding, squadron a\ as lying pretty near to it on the Avestern side of the en trance to the harbor ; but on the east side, formidable bat- 436 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. teries belonging to the Southerners kept them at a respectable distance. "Blockade-running into Charleston Avas quite at an end at the time I am Avriting about. Not that I think the cruisers could have kept vessels from getting in, but for the reason that the harbor was a perfect net-Avork of torpedoes and in fernal machines (the passage through Avhich Avas only knoAvn to a feAV persons), placed by the Southerners to prevent the Northern fleet from approaching the city. "Having had a good look at the attacking and defending parties, I Avent doAvn from the tower and paid a visit to a bat tery AA'here two Blakely guns of heavy calibre, Avhich had lately been run through the blockade in the Avell knoAvn Sum ter (noAV the Gibraltar) were mounted. These guns threAV a shot of 720 pounds Aveight, and Avere certainly masterpieces of design and execution. "Unhappily, proper instruction for loading had not accom panied them from England, and on the occasion of the first round being fired from one of them, the gun not being prop erly loaded, cracked at the breech, and was rendered use less ; the other, however, did good service, throwing shot with accuracy at a great distance. "I saAv much that Avas interesting here, but more able pens than mine have already described fully the details of that long siege, AA'here on one hand all modern appliances of war that ingenuity could conceive or money purchase Avere put into the hands of brave and determined soldiers ; on the other band Avere bad arms, bad powder, bad provisions, bad every thing ; desperate courage and unheard-of self-denial being all the Southerners had to depend upon. "These poor Southerners never began to open their eyes to their cause till Sherman's almost unopposed march shoAved the Aveakness of the Avhole country. Even strangers like my self Avere so carried aAvay Avith the enthusiasm of the moment that Ave shut our eyes to Avhat should have been clearly mani fest to us. We could not believe that men Avho Avere fighting and enduring as these men Avere could ever be beaten. Some of their leaders must have foreseen that the catastrophe was Blockade Running. 437 coming months before it occurred; but, if they did so, they were afraid to make their opinions public." THE CRUISERS TALLAHASSEE AND CHICKAMAUGA. It is a Avell knoAvn fact that the Army of Northern Virginia was saA'ed from starvation and surrender by the blockade- runner Banshee, Avhich made a special run through the fleet and returned to Wilmington Avith a cargo of commissary stores sixteen days after the government at Richmond had confidentially disclosed to her commander its dire necessity. When General Whiting's inadequate force was taxed to the utmost in protecting the blockade-runners upon Avhose service the fate of the Confederacy largely depended, two of these valuable ships, the Atalanta and Edith, Avere armed and commissioned as cruisers by the Confederate States Navy Department under the names Tallahassee and Chickamauga, and were sent out along the coast to prey upon the enemy's commerce, Avhich the Alabama, Florida and Shenandoah had already swept from the high seas. These untimely cruisers, erroneously referred to by General Whiting and Governor Vance as privateers, set in motion the entire Federal navy and caused, if possible, a more stringent blockade of the Cape Fear river and probably the final reduction of Fort Fisher. General Whiting wrote to Secretary Seddon 11 October, 1864, an urgent request that the attention of President Davis, the Secretary of the Navy and General Lee be asked at once to the subject of the expedition of the Tallahassee and Chick amauga, Avhich Avould deprive him of their valuable assist ance in the defence of the blockade breakers and of the Con federate Avorks, and aa'ouIc! inevitably cause the concentration of the enemy's naval force at Cape Fear for the. capture of these "privateers" and the destruction of Fort Fisher. He also asked attention to the fact that it was then extremely difficult to obtain supplies through the blockade, and that the expedition of the two cruisers mentioned which made Wil mington the base of their operations, would result in the loss of the Cape Fear inlets upon Avhich the Confederacy de pended for the necessities of life. General Whiting's Avarn- ing was unheeded at Richmond, and subsequent events proved 438 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. his superior judgment. Governor Vance wrote President Davis 14 October, 1864: "I beg leave to enter my most respectful -and earnest remonstrance against the sailing of the two privateers from the port of Wilmington. Ten or twelve valuable steamers have already been lost in consequence of the cruise of the Tallahassee, and among them the noble steamer Ad-Vance, AA'hich alone, 1 respectfully submit, has been of far more value to the Confederacy than all of our privateers combined." General Lee said repeatedly that if Fort Fisher were cap tured by the enemy and the Cape Fear river closed against blockade-runners, he could no longer sustain his army. With further reference to the daring operations of the Tallahassee and Chickamauga, AA'hich hastened the final at tack upon Fort Fisher, because Wilmington Avas the base of supplies of the two cruisers mentioned, Colonel Scharf says : "The Tallahassee was a splendid twin screw 14-knot block ade-runner, built on the Thames. After making several trips into and out of Wilmington her name Avas changed from the Atalanta to the Tallahassee, and she Avas commissioned as a Confederate States ship of Avar under command of Commo dore J. T. Wood. The other officers Avere Lieutenants W. H. Ward, M. AI. Benton, J. Al. Gardner; Acting Alaster, Alex Curtis. Engineers : Chief, J. W. Tyman ; Assist ants, C. H. Leroy, E. G. Hall, J. F. Green, J. J. Lyell, H. H. Roberts, R. AL Ross ; Assistant Paymaster, C. L. Jones; Assistant Surgeon, W. L. Sheppardson; Boat- SAvai'n, J. ( "assidy ; Gunner, — . — . SteAvart ; Master's Alate, 0. Russell; Lieutenant of ATarines, — . — . CrenshaAv, Avith a crew of about 110 men. The battery consisted of a 32- pounder rifle, a lighter rifle and a brass howitzer. On 6 Au gust, 1864, the Tallahassee Avent to sea from Wilmington un der the fire of the blockaders, Avhom the speedy ship soon left behind. Her cruising ground was the Atlantic coast, and Avhen Avithin eighty miles of Sandy Hook, on 11 August, she took her first prize, the schooner Sarah A. Boyce, of Egg Harbor, N. J., AA'hich she scuttled. In two days in these waters, the pilot boat James Funk, brig Carrie Estelle, pilot boat Wm. Bell and schooner Atlantic Avere captured. The Blockade Running. 439 Funk was converted into a tender under command of Acting Alaster Davis and captured the barque Bay State, brig A. Pilchards and schooner Carroll. All but the tender and Car roll Avere burned, and the latter Avas bonded and sent to New York Avith the paroled prisoners. Her captain broke his oath by landing on Fire Island and telegraphing informa tion to the authorities that a Confederate cruiser was Avithin sixty miles of New York. Six or seven gun-boats were sent in pursuit, and New York passed through the throes of alarm and excitement. Commodore Wood had formed a project to dash upon the Brooklyn naA'y yard and escape to sea by Avay of Hell Gate after doing all the destruction possible ; but this scheme Avas abandoned and the Tallahassee ran to the east ward with the tender in toAv. Off the eastern end of Long Island, the ship Adriatic Avas taken and burned on 12 August, and the barque Suliote Avas ransomed to land the prisoners. The tender being of no further use, Avas destroyed, and the Tallahassee Avound up this eventful day by capturing the schooner Spokane, the brig Billow and the schooner Robert E. Packer, AA'hich latter Avas sent off Avith prisoners. Within the next few days the captures Avere the Mercy C. Howes, Glenavon, Lamont, Dupont, Howard, Floral Wreath, Restless, Sarah B. Harris, Etta Caroline, P. C. Alexander, Leopard, Pearl, Sarah Louise and Magnolia. In taking these prizes Wood had made his way Avell up along the coast of Aiaine and played the mischief Avith the NeAv England fishing trade, and fully a dozen gunboats Avere added to the fleet already in pursuit of him. Going toAvards Halifax for coal he captured the North America, Neva, Josiah Achorne, Ellis and Diadem. All were destroyed except those by which prisoners Avere sent to the nearest ports. On 18 Au gust, the Tallahassee arri\'ed at Halifax and Avas ordered aAvay, after getting only enough coal to take her back to Wilmington. She left Halifax on the 19th, and between there and the Cape Fear river captured the brig Rowan and was fruitlessly chased by Federal cruisers. On the 25th she boldly ran into that riA'er, fighting the blockaders as she pushed through their midst until she dropped anchor under .- 440 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. boldly ran into that river, fighting the blockaders as she pushed through their midst until she dropped anchor under the guns of Fort Fisher. She had burned sixteen vessels, scuttled ten, bonded five, and released tAvo. Commodore Wood was detached from the ship and was succeeded in command by Lieutenant Ward. Her name Avas changed to the Olustee, and on 29 October, 1864, she ran through the blockading fleet at sea, but not without sustaining some damage from their shells. Off the capes of the Dela- Avare she captured and destroyed the barque Empress Theresa, schooner .1. J. Bird, schooner E. F. Lewis and schooner Goodspced. Near Sandy Hook the ship Aureole, brig T. D. Wagner and schooner Vapor Avere made prizes and destroyed. Coal being nearly exhausted, the Olustee Avent southward again, but halted on 6 November off Cape Charles in the hope of attacking some of the United States transports hove to in the prevailing gale. Here she Avas detected by the gun boat Sassacus, Avhich chased her until she Avas lost in the dark ness. On the 6th the Sassacus again saAv her and kept up an unsuccessful pursuit all day. The next day the Olustee Avas sixty miles off Wilmington bar and steam Avas allowed to go doA\m for repairs to the engines. Three vessels looking like blockade-runners hove in sight. They Avere the captured blockade-runners Margaret and Jessie, the Lilian and the Banshee, converted into Federal cruisers, and were soon joined by the gun-boat Montgomery. Ward first headed the Olustee out to sea and then Avore short around and steered for Wilmington bar. All the vessels opened fire upon her, but the Montgomery Avas the only one close enough to be feared. She replied Avith her after gun, distanced her pur suers and got into Wilmington unharmed. Her battery Avas taken out and she Avas renamed the Chameleon. Under the command of Captain John Wilkinson, C. S. N., she ran the blockade of the Cape Fear river 24 December, Avhile the Fed eral fleet was bombarding Fort Fisher, and started for Ber muda to procure a cargo of provisions for Lee's army. On her arrival at St. Georges on the 30th, she Avas seized by the British authorities on the demand of the United States Con sul, but she had been so thoroughly Avhitewashed by an osten- Blockade Running. 441 sible sale at Wilmington, that she Avas to all intents and pur poses a merchant ship. Laden Avith provisions, she sailed from St. Georges 19 January, 1865, but on arriving off NeAv Inlet, Wilkinson found it closed by the fall of Fort Fisher and put back to Nassau. On 30 January the Chameleon left Nassau for Charleston, but the blockaders Avere too thick for her off that port, and to Nassau she returned. When he learned of the evacuation of Charleston, Wilkinson resolved to take the ship to England and arrived at Liverpool 9 April. She Avas seized and sold by the British GoA'ernment and Avas about to enter the merchant seiwice under the name of the Amelia, when the United States entered suit for possession. The court awarded the A'essel to that, government, and she was handed over to the consul at Liverpool 26 April, 1866. "In the Autumn of 1864 the Confederate Navy Depart ment found at Wilmington the small twin-screAv blockade- runner Edith, Avhich was commissioned as a cruiser under the name of the Chickamauga, and Avith Captain John Wil kinson, 0. S. N., in command, Avas equipped to folloAV the example of the Tallahassee in a raid upon the enemy's com merce along the coast. She carried a light, spar-deck battery of three rifled guns, and started to sea on the night of 29 Oc tober. She got out safely, and although pursued by a gun boat the next day, outfooted her Avithout trouble. TAventy- four hours afterAvards she opened her record as a commerce destroyer by capturing the barque Mark L. Potter, and Avithin two days she made prizes Avithin fifty miles of NeAv York of the barque Emma L. Hall, ship Shooting Star and barque A. Lincoln. All but the Lincoln Avere burned, and she was bonded to land the paroled prisoners, her captain prom ising to put into no nearer port than Fortress Alonroe, but he steered directly for NeAv York and gave the alarm. The Chickamauga ran up to the entrance of Long Island Sound and off Block Island took and scuttled the schooners Otter Rock and Goodspeed. A gale frustrated Captain Wilkinson's intention of making an incursion upon the ports of the Sound and going out to sea he captured the barque Speedwell. He put into St. Georges, Bermuda, and by having the condenser 442 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. conveniently disabled, obtained permission from the authori ties to remain a week for repairs. Under the neutrality laAvs then being strictly enforced, he was alloAved only enough coal to take the ship to the nearest Confederate port ; but by offer ing the British custom's officer all the alcoholic load that his hold could contain, he Avas made oblivious to the fact that the Chickamauga' s bunkers Avere being pretty Avell filled up Avith coal. The supply was still too short to admit of further cruising, and the ship ran the blockade back into Wilming ton, thus closing her history as a belligerent upon the high seas. In the defence of Fort Fisher, her officers and crew took a very prominent and distinguished part. After that disaster the Chickamauga Avas taken up the river and burned and sunk." The following interesting narrative, AA'hich is true in all its details, was told the writer some time ago by Air. George C. AlcDougal who, by a clever ruse kept out of Fort LaFay- ette and made some forty voyages as chief engineer in the little steamer Sirene before his former shipmates were re leased. "The well known blockade running steamer Margaret and Jessie left Nassau laden for Wilmington, and made a good run across to the North Carolina coast. About 12 :00 merid ian she Avas in latitude of NeAv Inlet, and ran on the Avestern edge of the Gulf Stream until sun down, Avhen she headed for the beach and made land to the northward of the block ading fleet off the Cape Fear. While tracking doAvn the beach one of the cruisers sighted us, and sent up rockets. AA'hich made it necessary for us to run the remainder of the distance under fire from the Avhole line of the blockaders. Just as Ave got the lights in range at the Inlet and Avere about to head the ship over the bar, Ave distinguished a gunboat anchored in the channel under cover of the wrecked steamer Arabian. We immediately put the ship about, and, with the whole fleet trailing after us, ran off shore. At. daylight none of our followers were in sight, but away off shore to the southward AA'e sighted the armed transport Fulton, and as Ave could not cross her bow, Capt. Robert LockAvood, who commanded our ship, hauled to the northward and eastward, unfortunately Blockade Running. 443 driving us across the bows of all the cruisers Avhich had run off shore in chase. We had to run the fire of five of these warships as Ave crossed their boAA's and dropped them astern. During all this time, the Fulton kept the weather gauge of us, and after a hard day's chase from New Inlet to Hatteras we Avere at last compelled to surrender late in the afternoon, as the Fulton seemed determined to run us doAvn there being hardly a cable's length betAveen us Avhen Ave hove to and stop ped the engines. Before doing this, however, Ave were careful to throw the mail bags, GoA'ernment dispatcnes, and ship's pa pers into the furnace of the fire room, where they were quick ly consumed. While our ship's company Avas being trans ferred to the Fulton, the U. S. steamer Keystone State and tAvo other cruisers came up, and sent several boats' creAvs aboard the Margaret and Jessie who looted her of all the sil ver, cutlery, glassAvare, cabin furniture, table cloths and nap kins, doubtless everything they could carry off in their boats. The Fulton having sent a prize creAv on board took us in tow for New York, Avhere, immediately on our arrival, we were confined in Ludlow street jail. Two days after, the officers and crew of the blockade runner Ella and Annie were brought in, she having been captured off Wilmington after a desperate resistance by her brave commander, Captain Bonneau. Dur ing our incarceration Ave AA'ere visited frequently by Deputy United States Aiarshals, who tried to identify some of us sus pected of holding commissions in the Confederate service and of being regularly engaged in blockade running, from those less harmful members of the creAv avIio avouIc! be only too glad to abandon further attempts on regaining their liberty. These officers were immediately assailed with questions from all quarters. "What are you going to do Avith us here V "Ave you going to let us out?" to AA'hich they would respond "We can not tell — the crow lists have been sent to Washington for in spection : you will have to wait until they are returned." We were kept in this state of suspense for about three weeks, when a squad of Deputy Aiarshals came to the jail and mus tered the entire company. We soon ascertained that the creAV lists had come from Washington, and that Ave Avere to go doAvn to the Marshal's office where the names of those who 444 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. were to be released Avere to be called out, and the unfortunate ones remaining, prepared for a long term of imprisonment at one of the well known prison pens so dreaded by those who afterwards realized all their horrors. We Avere accordingly marched doAvn to the Marshal's headquarters in Burton's old theatre on Chambers street, opposite the City Hall Park, where we Avere ordered to select our baggage, and prepare to be searched for contraband articles. The entire office force of clerks had been draAvn from their desks by curiosity to the other end of the large room Avhere the inspection Avas going on, and Avhile my baggage Avas being examined by an officer 1 asked him if he kneAv Avho Avas to be released, to which he replied that he did not knoAv, but that the list of those who Avould be released could be found in a large book on that desk, pointing AA'ith his finger to the other end of the room. When his inspection Avas completed I asked if I might go and read the names, to satisfy my curiosity. He said there could be no harm in doing so and asked if I could read. I said yes that I thought I could make out the names. Whereupon I Avalked Avith forced indifference to the desk, and found a big journal laid open upon it, containing the names of the men belonging to the Ella and Annie's creAv who AA'ere to be dis charged. This did not interest me, and looking further doAvn T saAv also the names of those of my OAvn ship Avho Avere to be released, but from the top to the bottom there Avas no George 0. McDougal. You may depend upon it I felt very sad as Fort LaFayette loomed up in all its dreariness. My case Avas apparently hopeless. Looking furtively oA'er my shoul der, I saAv that the desk Avas so placed that my back shielded me from the eyes of the marshals at the moment, and also that the officers and clerks were very busy seeing Avhat thev could confiscate, each man for himself, out of the baggage of the unfortunate prisoners ; and feeling that no worse fate could overtake me, I slipped my hand cautiously along the desk, took up a pen, and imitating as closely as possible the character of the Avriting before me, inscribed my OAvn name at the bottom of the list, and immediately returned to the croAvd at the other end of the room, where the Deputy asked me if I saw my name, to which I promptly responded "Yes." Blockade Running. 445 "Then you are all right," said he, "and will be turned out to-night." Shortly afterwards, we were marched off to a neighboring place to get our supper at the expense of Uncle Sam, after which, the Chief Alarshal and Judge Bebee ap peared and in clue form separated those Avho Avere to be re leased from the unfortunate ones remaining. I Avaited with feelings than can be imagined better than they can be describ ed, as the names were read ; and at last my own was called Avithout the detection of my expedient, Avhich Avas doubtless OAving to the fact that the room Avas badly lighted and dark ness had already set in. Promptly responding to my name I at once passed out into the night, leaving my own Commander, Captain Robert LockAvood, the Wilmington pilot Air. Charles Craig, and Billy Willington, our engineer, and several others of the Margaret and Jessie, who, together Avith Capt. Frank Bonneau, his Wilmington pilot, and his Chief Engineer, Alexander Laurence, Avere sent to Fort LaFayette, Avhere they remained until about the end of the Avar." It may be interesting in this connection to recall the inci dent AA'hich led to the capture of the Ella and Annie, through the same gun boat being anchored in the channel. Instead of turning back and running out to sea as Ave did, Captain Bon neau kept on his course, ordering his engineer to throw his throttle Avide open and leave the engine room immediately, his intention being to run doAvn the gun boat and take the consequences. The two ships came together with a frightful ciash, and as they SAvung around, side by side, the gun boat got out lashings and her boarders swarmed the Ella and Annie and after a sharp resistance, succeeded in taking pos session of her. The Ella and Annie's crew was sent to New York, and the gun boat -Nyphon, in a badly damaged condi tion, was sent to the Norfolk Navy Yard to be docked ; as it Avas difficult to keep her afloat from the effects of the collis ion. On Col. Lamb being asked subsequently to drive the gun boat out of the channel, he replied that it Avas impossible to do so, as she came in after dark and anchored under the shelter of the wreck referred to, and he could not get the range until the moon rose when, of course, the gunboat steam ed out to sea, the channel being no longer of any use to the blockade runners. 446 North Carolina Troops, 1861-05. John Niemeyer, an old and trusted locomotive engineer on the Atlantic Coast Line, has been reading my tales of the blockade Avith much interest, he having served as one of the engineers of that remarkable boat, the Sirene, Avhich ran be tAveen Wilmington, Charleston and the West Indies contin uously for nearly tAvo years during the Avar, with the regu larity of a mail boat in time of peace. 1 have repeatedly asked him for a blockade runner's yarn and he gave me a feAV days ago the foUoAving true story of a A'ery true man, Avhich I shall put as nearly as possible in Air. Niemeyer's OAvn Avords. "I see you haA'e been Avriting some stories about George C. McDougal, avIio Avas chief of the Sirene; avIiv he ought to have been captain as Avell as chief engineer of that boat. He wasn't Avhat you might call a scientific navigator, but he kneAV more about the ins and outs of blockade running, most like ly, than any other man in the fleet. He had served for years before the Wilmington, Columbia & Augusta railroad Avas built, as chief engineer of the steamboats plying betAveen Wil mington and Charleston, and he kneAv every land mark ashore and every hump and holloAv under the water up and doAvn the coast from Hatteras to St. Augustine. He could tell the position of the ship by the revolutions of the engine nearly as accurately as our navigating officer Avith his sextant, chronometer and logarithms, and as for the bottom on a deep sea lead he was what you might call a specialist. The little Sirene was an enchantress sure enough. She didn't sing any because Ave had to keep her very quiet. She must have hyp notized the Yankees hoAveA'er, as they Avere never able to touch her. She Avas at first commanded by an Englisman who dreaded the cdast as the devi) does holy Avater, and when he fetched soundings Avas always for running off again. On one occasion he made a bad land fall, and fearing he would get aground by following the beach, decided to run out to sea, but the Boss, as we called McDougal, at once protested against such folly, which he said would surely lead to greater danger than if Ave continued towards Wilmington ; besides Avhich the ship was short, of coal, and could not possibly keep steam for more than tAvelve or fifteen hours longer. The Captain, Avho Avas a deep water naA'igator, refused to listen to him, Iioaa'- Blockade Running. 447 ever, and persisted in changing the course of the ship, Avhere- upon AlcDougal quietly told him that he felt it his duty under the circumstances to take the ship out of his hands, and that if he persisted in thus Avilfully sacrificing the prop erty of the owners and endangering the lives of all on board he must take the consequences, as the Sirene was bound to go to Wilmington that night and no Avhere else. The Captain insisted that AlcDougal's proposal Avas contrary to all rules of navigation, but finding that his engineer was in earnest, and could easily command all of the men on board, having their full confidence, he at last agreed, and foUoAving the engineer's suggestions and haA'ing an excellent pilot, succeeded in mak ing the harbor in safety. Capt. J. Pembroke Jones, avIio A^as a passenger aboard at once sent ashore for his brother in command at Fort CasAvell, and there Avas quite a jollification in the cabin'that night. Our Captain had a good deal to say about his skill in bringing the ship into port, but he utterly failed to mention the part his plucky engineer had taken, and AlcDougal Avas not a man to boast of his own ex ploits. But I started to tell you another story about the Sirene and AlcDougal. We had successfully run the block ade and arrived at Nassau Avhere we immediately discharged and reloaded. BetAveen one and two o'clock p. m. the Sirene got under Avay and crossed the bar at Nassau and headed up the northeast channel bound for Wilmington. She Avas com manded on this occasion by Captain R., a remarkably skill ful navigator but without any nerve in time of danger. It was his habit Avhenever he got into a tight place to leave the bridge and shut himself up in his cabin and trust to luck, Avhich meant AlcDougal, for he generally took charge of the ship at once and Avith the assistance of a good man avIio Avas chief officer, always managed to get the boat out of difficulty, when R. would resume command. On this occasion the AA'eather Avas fair and the sea as smooth as a pond. While Ave Avere tracking along Egg Island reef, which is a long, nar- roAV shoal Avith shalloAv Avater inside, a Federal gun boat shot out from under the eastern end of the reef and headed for us. This was clearly contrary to International Law, being within the limit of British jurisdiction, but it is a well known fact 448 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. that the Federal blockading and cruising fleets had positive ordetrs after the second year of the Avar to seize all suspicious vessels no matter where found, and if a foreign government set up a reasonable claim, to pay it Avithout demur ; the United States government having determined that it was better to pay for such vessels than to permit them to reach the Confederacy. We knew as well as they did that Ave were within the domain of a British province. We also kneAv that that Avould not deter the Yankee from picking us up if there Avas no British man of Avar in sight, and there Avas nothing for us to do under the circumstances but 'bout ship and run back for Nassau, which in our position appeared to be an impossibility. The little Sirene was handicapped by a heavy cargo and the gun boat gained on us rapidly. As soon as it became evident that we could not fetch Nassau, our pursuer opened fire upon us, under AA'hich our discomfited Captain left the bridge and took shelter in the cabin, and the first assistant engineer, Barbot, at once sung out to me, "Niemeyer, Avhere's the Boss ?" "In his room asleep," said I. "Rout him out then quickly and tell him the Yankee is after us, is gaining rapidly and has the range of us, and the Captain has left the deck." I immediately ran to the Chief's room and repeated Barbot's order, but before I could finish it the Boss was out on deck in his stocking feet, took a quick look over the stern at the gun boat, another over the port side at the rocky and treacherous bottom Avhich was clearly visible through the transparent Ava- ter, then Avith half a dozen jumps he Avas on the bridge. I followed to see the outcome. He immediately hustled the Bahama pilot onto the paddle box with the order "into the current immediately." The pilot saAv the danger of such a moA'ement, AA'hich meant that the ship must run inside the reef and take the chances of getting out. He also saAv that it Avas the only opportunity of escape, and he lost no time in following his instructions. The Boss then cried to Air. Hab- nicht, our chief officer, Avho was a splendid seaman : "Jump to the Avheel, Mr. Habnicht, this is no child's play; Ave must make the most of it." I then walked over to AlcDougal and touched him on the shoulder and pointed to a shell which was just bursting OA'er us. He said "Don't bother about shells, Blockade Running. 449 but look to the Avater, if we strike one of these rocks it will tear the Avhole bottom out of the ship." I did look and saw the ugly rocks under the clear blue water over which we were rushing at full speed and thought no more about the shells but of the other dangers surrounding us. When the gunboat saAv us go in among the rocks, she fired a parting shot and having put about the ship Avent back to the channel. I then Avent beloAv on duty and soon got orders from the bridge "Stand by your engines" then at intervals "Slow down" "Stop." "Two times back." The splash and rattle of chains and then Ave were at anchor. When I returned to the deck I found that we were lying in the prettiest harbor I ever saw, which probably never embraced a ship of half our size. Our chief officer immediately sent a man aloft with the best glass in the ship with orders not to lose sight of the gunboat, then ordered supper "And be quick about it." McDougal said to his first assistant Barbot "Get your fires in good trim, with plenty of coarse coal on the fire-room plates." "We have got to race for it to-night" said he.- Shortly afterwards the mate Avent aloft to relieve the man in the cross trees and saw that the cruiser Avas laying off and on at the end of the reef, Avaiting to pick us up in the morning, Avell knowing that he had us in a trap. The Boss soon saw that our only chance was in getting out of shoal water before darkness. The sun was in the meantime getting Ioav. Orders were given to Aveigh anchor and the ship proceeded very sloAvly towards the outlet in order not to excite our pursuer's suspicion, both ships having each other's bearings and watching to see if either moved. As soon as we got outside of the shoal we kept still again until the sun went down. In two hours the moon began to show above the horizon, and to our great joy Ave had our pursuer closely defined under the moon's rays Avhile Ave were in comparative darkness. Noav orders were given for full speed across the channel for Abaco, and you may be sure that Barbot got all out of the engine that was possible. We had been warned the day before by a passing schooner that two cruisers were waiting near Abaco so that we had one behind us and two before us before we could reach 29 450 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. the Western Ocean. We soon sighted "Hole in the Wall" light and made straight for the deep Avater. Three hour's afterAvards Ave hauled up the ship off ElboAV Key and day broke Avithout a sail in sight. We then eased down the en gines and dropped into the homeward track for Wilmington. Our Captain in the meantime having resumed charge. For some time before the Avar ended the Federals had blockaded both ends of the route. The U. S. Corvette Junietta an chored off the bar at Nassau and Avas kept well posted as to the movement of the Confederate steamers in port. The out lying gunboats would run down the channel in the night within a few miles of Nassau and send a boat to the Corvette and get hcavs Avith instructions for the cutting out of the blockade runners ready to leave, so that it Avas about as diffi cult to get in and out of Nassau as it Avas to pass the coast line blockade. The Sirene differed from other blockade runners in this respect, she neA'er Avaited for more favorable conditions but took them as they came. On one occasion she ran into Charleston at night, and next morning disclosed six blockade runners loaded and anchored in the Ashley river. We drop ped to the Avharf discharged our inAvard cargo, loaded the outAvard cargo of cotton and went straight to Nassau, came back and found the same six ships anchored in the same places. We made a second voyage and on our return found them still lying there ; a third voyage and there they remained waiting for an opportunity to go out. On our fourth return voyage three of the long Avaiting blockade runners had slipped out and on our fifth return voyage, two more had gone out. On our sixth and last voyage, the remaining one called the General Whiting had also gone out. Thus the Sirene made six round voyages earning for her owners over $1,000,000 in gold, while the General Whiting lay at anchor during the Avhole time Avaiting for a chance to go out. The Sirene's cargoes into the Confederacy Avere of course very valuable and cannot be properly estimated. The outward cargo con sisted of 650 to 750 bales of cotton. This cotton cost the equivalent of six cents in coin and sold in Nassau for 45 and 50 cents a pound, making a clean profit of $200.00 a bale, which multiplied by 4,000 bales in six voyages showed a gain Blockade Running. 451 during that time of $800,000 in gold to the owners. Some weeks ago I noticed that you had five large steamers loading at the Champion Compress which took out something over 60,000 bales, within a few days of each other. Imagine a profit of $200.00 a bale on that week's v/ork. You can't imagine it? No I suppose not." Alore could be given but it is trusted that the above may prove interesting and giA'e some idea hoAv North Carolina and the Confederacy procured supplies from the outside world through the port of Wilmington "in the days of the Blockade" till the fall of Fisher closed that port. James Sprunt. Wilmington, N. C, 15 January, 1901. Note. — The above valuable article by Mr. James Sprunt, one of the most public spirited citizens of Wilmington, is a great addition to this history, for upon the success of the Blockade-running the North Carolina troops, and those of the Confederacy as well, were dependent for sup plies of many kinds without which the unequal contest must have termi nated much sooner. Clothing, shoes, ammunition, and even food, were brought in, and mostly through the port of Wilmington. The reader is also indebted to Mr. Sprunt for the engravings which accompany this sketch and for some others, for all the engrayings in these volumes have been derived from private liberality, none of them having been made at the cost of the State.— Ed. NORTH CAROLINA'S FINANCIAL OPERATIONS IN E/iGLAND. By JOHN WHITE, Commissioner. "An Army," said Napoleon, "goes on its belly," and the foUoAving record of how North Carolina was enabled to clothe, equip and to some extent feed her soldiers is as essential a part of the history of her troops as the marches and manceu- vers in the field and actual fighting Therefore the report of John White our Special Commissioner to England to Gov. Vance and a letter of instruction from the Governor to Mr. White are here appended. — Editor. REPORT OF JOHN WHITE., SPECIAL COMMISSIONER, TO GOVERNOR VANCE. "To His Excellency, Governor Z. B. Vance : "The subscriber having been appointed, by you a special commissioner for the State of North Carolina, to visit Europe and make sale of cotton, bonds of the State, and the Confed erate States of America, and also to purchase clothing and other articles for her troops, respectfully submits the follow ing report : "On 15 November, 1862, at Charleston, South Carolina, I embarked on the steamer Leopard for Nassau, New Provi dence, and arrived there on the 22d of that month. I left Nassau on 2 December, for Liverpool, in the steamer Bonita, and arrived at Liverpool on the 23d of that month. I reached London about 5 January, 1863, and spent nearly all of my time there and at Alanchester while in England. In my voy age across the ocean, I Avas accompanied by Colonel T. M. Crossan, of Warrenton, and Captain T. J. Hughes. I met with considerable difficulties in the performance of my duties as Commissioner, and Avas not able to effect a sale of the cot- 454 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. ton bonds until about 1 May, 1863. I deem it proper to state the cause of this delay. It proceeded from a request on the part of the Hon. J. M. Mason, the Commissioner for the Confederate States at London, not to put the bonds in market at an earlier period, because, in his opinion, the putting them in market sooner than that time would interfere with the sale of the Confederate cotton bonds then being brought out. I considered it proper in itself, and believed it Avould be in accordance with your wishes to comply Avith this request, and I acted acordingly. About 1 Alay, 1863, I sold at Lon don and Manchester, nine hundred and ninety -nine (999) cotton bonds or warrants, as they are called, at one hundred pounds each, amounting in all to ninety -nine thousand nine hundred pounds (£99,900). Of the fifteen hundred cotton bonds issued by me only those above mentioned have been sold and those sold are numbered from 1 to 999. The bonds numbered from 1000 to 1395, were deposited with Alex'r Collie & Co., in the Alanchester & County Bank, Manchester, Avhere they are now. The bond numbered 1396 was re turned by me to the State as a sample. The bonds numbered 1397 to 1500 Avere deposited with Isaacs & Samuel, of Lon don, as a security for a contract entered into betAveen them and myself acting through Alex. Collie & Co. All the bonds issued by me Avere obligations which after having acknoAvl- edged the payment to the State of North Carolina of one hun dred pounds, bound her to deliver to the holder thereof tAvelve bales of cotton Aveighing 400 pounds each ; ginned, packed and in sound merchantable condition at the port of Wilming ton, Charleston or Savannah, or if practicable, at any other port in possession of the Confederate States GoA'ernment, ex cept the ports of Texas, on receiving sixty clays notice of the port at which delivery is required, said bonds bear interest at the rate of 7 per cent, per annum, payable half yearly in Alanchester and reckoned from the first of July, 1863. Said bonds contain other provisions as to the quality of the cot ton, the notice and other particulars, but I do not deem it necessary to enter into any farther explanation concerning them inasmuch as a copy of one of them is in the possession of your Excellency. Before making sale of any of the bonds N. C. Financial Operations in England. 455 I endeavored to secure the services of Alessrs. de Erlanger & Co., Avho Avere charged Avith the negotiation of the Confed erate cotton loan, but Avas unable to do so Avithout paying them a higher rate of commission than I deemed advisable. After failing to secure their services, I employed Alessrs. Alex. Collie & Co. to negotiate the sale of the bonds for 5 per cent, commissions, Avith the understanding that I Avas to pay the solicitor's fees and bank commissions. In making my arrangements as to the sale of the cotton, I obtained the best terms for the State that I was able to do, and resorted to no agency which was not necessary in England to the proper transaction of business of the kind. I made no con tract for the sale of cotton except that for Avhich bonds were given. I also carried Avith me to England five hundred thou sand dollars of State bonds, bearing S per cent, interest. Of these bonds twenty thousand dollars Avere deposited with Cap tain T. J. Hughes as collateral security for a loan from him to the State for two thousand and eighty-three pounds, six shillings and eight pence (£2,083.6.8). I have passed to his 'cred.it in the Bank of England, money enough to pay him the amount lent and interest. He has not returned the same bonds, but has purchased others on the State for a like amount and deliA'ered them up to the treasurer, AA'hich ar rangement has been entirely satisfactory to that officer, as will appear from the receipt of Air. Worth dated 20 April, 1864. The balance of said bonds were deposited Avith Alex. Collie & Co., and others as trustees for the faithful perform ance of the contract on the part. of the State for the delivery of the cotton hereinbefore mentioned. You also sent me one million of dollars of North Carolina bonds, in accordance with my request made in a letter dated 20 May, 1863. "In order to secure the performance of a cotton contract on the part of the State AA'hich I expected Avould be shortly en tered into at the time I \vrote. At the date of my letter I expected to negotiate a sale of cotton bonds to the amount of three hundred thousand pounds (£300,000), and to deposit one million five hundred thousand dollars ($1,500,000) at par of the bonds of the State Avith trustees to secure it, but I Avas only able to negotiate a sale to the amount of ninety-nine 456 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. thousand nine hundred pounds (£99,900), and therefore did not need the one million of bonds above mentioned. And the bonds to that amount are noAv deposited in the Manchester & County Bank, Manchester, England, for safe keeping in the name of John White, as agent for the State of North Caro lina. You Avill remember that in your letter to me dated 1 April, 1863, you informed me that Alessrs. Sterling, Camp bell & Albright, of Greensboro, N. C, desired to purchase certain articles for their book publishing house, and had de posited with you two hundred and two (202) bales of cotton, averaging about 470 pounds each, and two thousand five hun dred (2,500) barrels of rosin, and you requested me if I had been successful in securing a loan upon our cotton to advance to them through their agent, W. Hargrave White, as much money as this amount of cotton and rosin may come to accord ing to the terms at Avhich I might have sold ours. I accord ingly advanced to them through Mr. W. H. White the sum of two thousand eight hundred pounds (£2,800) for which I took his receipt. The purchasers of the bonds which were sold Avith my consent paid the money into the Alanchester & County Bank, at Alanchester. In making payment for arti cles purchased by me as commissioner for the State, and in paying sums AA'hich I Avas directed by you to pay ; the money in the first instance Avas advanced by Alessrs. Alex. Collie & Co., and Avas by me refunded to them, by my checks on the said bank, Avith the exception hereinafter mentioned. There is due to them fifty-seven thousand five hundred and thirty- six pounds, tAvelve shillings and five pence (£57,536.12.5), with legal interest from 1 December, 1863. "Their statement to me shows a balance due to them of fifty five thousand two hundred and eighty-seven pounds, seven shillings and seA'en pence (£55,287.7.7), but that statement does not contain an invoice of a shipment made by them to the amount of tAvo thousand three hundred pounds, ten shil lings (£2,300.10) made a feAV days before their statement was rendered. Their statement is also erroneous in this: that it contains an entry to their favor of fifty-one pounds, five shillings and two pence (£51.5.2), it being the sum AA'ith interest paid by them to Captain T. J. Hughes, and by their N. C. Financial Operations in England. 457 mistake placed in my account. Since their statement was rendered, I have draAvn on them for nine hundred and thirty- two pounds, seven shillings (£932.7), and have reason to be lieve that the greater portion of the above sum has been already paid and that the balance will be paid when the drafts are presented. When these drafts are paid the amount so paid Avill increase to that extent the sum above mentioned to be due to them Avith interest on sum paid. It is probable they may have made other payments since I left England, and if so of course the sum so paid should be charged in their account. "While in England I purchased chiefly through Alex. Col lie & Co. for the State and shipped to Bermuda : 150,000 yards Grey Cloth 6-4 wide. 11,023 " " Grey Cloth 3-4 wide. 28,582 " Grey Flannel 6-4 wide; 83,173 " Grey Flannel 3-4 wide. 2,978 " Brown Canvass Padding. 25,887 pairs Grey Blankets. 37,092 " Woolen Socks. 26,096 " Army Shoes. 530 " Cavalry Boots. 1,956 Angola Shirts. 7,872 Grey Flannel Shirts. 1,006 Cloth Overcoats. 1,002 Cloth Jackets. 1,010 pairs of Trousers. "Besides, other articles of clothing for the North Caro lina troops, all being of good quality and as I believe, at as cheap prices as they could be purchased for in England. I also purchased and shipped a considerable quantity of leath er, sole, upper and harness, and a considerable quantity of cotton and wool cards. I also purchased : 20,000 pairs Army Shoes. 10,000 " Grey Blankets. 160 dozen Flannel Shirts. 5,800 yards 6-4 wide Army Cloth. 10,000 " Finer quality Grey Cloth. 70,000 pairs Cotton and Wool Cards. 458 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 5 Card Setting Machines AVith Avire and other fur nishings sufficient to keep them running for perhaps twelve months, and probably some other articles of smaller value not now rec ollected. The last mentioned articles, or most of them, were expected to be shipped about 1 January, 1864, but as I left England early in December I do not know Avhether they have been shipped or not. A detailed statement of the cotton bonds in a paper filed with this report, marked Avith the letter A, a statement of my transactions Avith Alex. Collie & Co. will ap pear in papers B and C with the exceptions hereinbefore men tioned. They acted as my agent in the purchase and ship ping of goods, as well as in the sale of bonds, and an agency of this kind is necessary to the transaction of such business according to the uniform custom in England, and especially so in reference to officers, agents and citizens of the Confed erate States. The articles purchased by me will appear by reference to the paper marked Avith the letter D. I have also filed an account betAveen the State of North Carolina and my self marked with the letter E, exhibiting a balance due to me from the State on 1 January last of three hundred and forty- eight pounds, three shillings and tAvo pence (£348,3.2), after retaining my compensation according to the Avritten contract betAveen us dated 10 November, 1862. You will remember that according to your directions, I paid the purchase money amounting to thirty -five thousand pounds (£35,000) for the Ad-Vance, formerly called Lord Clyde, AA'hich was purchased by Colonel T. Ai. Crossan for the State under your authority. Aly position in England enabled me to appreciate to the full extent the immense adA-antages which haA-c resulted to the State, and indeed to the ( 'onfederacy, from the purchase by the State of the noble steamer, and its use in running the blockade under the excellent management of that superior officer and seaman, Thomas Ai. Crossan. She has made Avith entire success and safety many voyages betAveen Bermuda and Wilmington, carrying to Bermuda on each trip between five hundred and seA'en hundred bales of cotton and bringing N. C. Financial Operations in England. 459 to Wilmington on her return trip large quantities of clothing and other articles. "The State has also embarked in another enterprise which I think has been a fortunate one upon the whole. I allude to the contract entered into on 27 October, 1863, between Alex. Collie in behalf of himself and his friends, on one part, and myself as Commissioner for the State of North Carolina on the other. I entered into the contract Avithout any direc tions from you, but it Avas made Avith the distinct understand ing that it Avould be A'oid unless it should meet with your ap proval, and you afterAvards did approve it. Under the con tract Mr. Collie and his friends were to furnish four steam ers of suitable construction and speed for blockade-run ning as soon as practicable. The State to pay one-fourth of the cost, and the other persons interested the remaining three- fourths and the parties to be interested in the profits and loss and the business commenced shortly after the date of the contract, and is still going on. Two of the steamers, the Hansa and the Don, cost at Bermuda or Nassau TAventy thou sand pounds each. I have not now before me the data to show the cost of the other two steamers, but suppose they will cost £15,000 to £17,000 each. The claim against the State for her interest in the above steamers is payable ac cording to the terms of contract, in cotton warrants of the State at par. The contract and the letter therein mentioned will be filed Avith this report. I regard the State's invest ment in the four steamers last mentioned upon the whole, as advantageous, although I regret to learn that one of the steam ers, the Don, has been recently captured. Cotton is equal to gold in England, and the clothing and other articles of merchandise forwarded from England have been of immense service to our soldiers. The cotton was consigned to Alex. Collie & Co., and about five hundred bales have been sold, but I have not yet received the account of the sales. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, "Your obedient servant, "Jno White." 460 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. letter of governor vance to john white, commissioner. State of North Carolina, Executive Department, Raleigh, N. C, 10 July, 1863. John White, Esq., Commissioner for North Carolina, Care of Frazier, Trenholm & Co., Liverpool: Dear Sir: — Colonel Crossan has arrived safely with steamer and cargo. I am much pleased with the results of- your negotiations and approve most cordially of your Avhole conduct. You will see by the enclosed papers that the Legis lature has also done all that was desired. I have received full authority from the same source to run the vessel when and howl may think best, and I shall therefore keep her going until Ave get in the balance of the purchases. Since you left this country many important changes have taken place and the war is evidently nearing its close. The resources of our State and the Confederacy have developed in such a degree that Ave have every assurance of being able to clothe our troops with our OAvn goods, and our vast amount of captures have given us an abundance of arms. On this account I regret Colonel AlcRae's purchase, and Avill only con tinue your purchases of clothing by reason of economy. I therefore send you out the balance of the bonds amounting to one million, but desire you to deposit them only as you need money, and to buy only as I may order as an accident might happen to Crossan at any time. I presume from your letter that you are not bound to take the AA'hole loan at once, but may take it up from time to time, depositing bonds as you go. On the Avhole I -Avill say that much being left to your dis cretion, my desire is that you should not keep far ahead of your shipments, either in money or supplies ; that you should deal cautiously and Avait for advices. I Avrote you before this, requesting you to purchase a lot of cotton and wool cards and a machine for making them Avith a good supply of Avire. If you haA'e not already acted upon this, please buy at once fifty thousand pairs each of Avoolen and cotton cards and a machine and Avire, and ship at once to Bermuda. I presume that by buying the teeth set in leather without the wood fur- N. C. Financial Operations in England. 461 nishing, this number Avill not be a very large bulk. I hope Colonel McRae Avill ship his principal cargo no further than Bermuda, as it is not needed at present and the risk need not be incurred. Some little bills for State and private account accompany this which I hope you will attend to. As Crossan's cargo was quite a well assorted one, you may dupli cate it once more Avithout further orders. I wrote Colonel McRae also, but lest he should not receive it, I beg you to see him and tell him not to sell the turpentine scrip or bonds. It Avould be bad policy to put ourselves further on the market as borrowers, and his orders are not now needed any how. In fact I did not intend for him to go to Europe to compete Avith you. My idea was to procure his supplies in Halifax, as people would certainly be struck with the folly of sending tAvo agents to the same market in part for the same object. Your family, I believe, continues well and Mr. Arrington is still at home with them. The fall of Vicksburg, though creating some despondency, has not discouraged us, and Gen eral Lee is compensating us by his invasion of northern terri tory. On the whole our prospects are better than they were this time last year. Our people are adapting themselves to a state of war, and our resources are developing wonderfully. Our army is becoming veteran and invincible, and our crop prospects with the harvest already in, almost exceed belief. You may assure, I think, the generous merchants who be friended a people in their death struggle for liberty and in dependence, that their investment is a safe one. Neglect no means of communicating with me. Very truly yours, Z. B. Vance. P. S. — I am told on reading over my letter that the pro portion of the cotton to the wool cards should be about four of the former to one of the latter. You will know how this should be. . Z. B. V. Note — The Report of W. H. Oliver, Esq. , of New Bern, showing pur chases of the cotton on this side has been printed in this work, Vol. 1, pp. 32, 33.— Ed. supplementary groups 1. William Johnston, Colonel, Commis- 3. Joseph Price, Commander of, the sary General of North Carolina, "Neuse." 1861. 4. D. M. Carter, Colonel, 4th Regt. 2. Adam Tredwell, Paymaster, N. C. Wounded at Seven Pines. Navy and 0. S. N. NORTH CAROLINA'S RECORD. 1661-'63. By Z. B. VANCE, Colonel Twenty-Sixth Regiment N. C. T. I have thought I could not do better than to give such information as I could gather in regard to North Carolina and the great struggle betAveen constitutional principles and a physical Union. If in doing so I shall appear somewhat in the character of a champion of my OAvn State, I yet hope to be pardoned, both because such a position is not unbecom ing a true son of the soil, and because it is almost the only theme with AA'hich I could deal Avithout the consumption of more time and searching of records than my engagements would possibly permit. I am induced to attempt this theme also because that owing to the reluctance Avith Avhich North Carolina AA'ent into the secession movement, and because there was a considerable Union feeling still left there which made some manifestations of itself during the Avar, an impression has been sought to be made that she did not do altogether as much for the cause of the Confederacy as she might have done. And those Avho have assumed to Avrite histories on the conflict so far, haA-e either designedly fed this unjust impres sion by a studied silence on the subject or else they have been too much trammeled by the necessity of local panegyric to give ample moti\'e to the whole South. I desire to remove this impression and to lay open the Avay for the truth of his tory. Confessing frankly that the great leaders of the war were furnished by other States, Avhose glories are the com mon property of the Avhole South, I desire to shoAV what is true, that in the number of soldiers furnished, in the disci pline, courage and loyalty and difficult service of those sol diers, in amount of material and supplies contributed, in the Note. — This is the speech made by Gov. Vance at White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., 18 August, 1875. It is reprinted here as a valuable contribution to the history of North Carolina Troops 1861-'65 — Ed! 464 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. good faith and moral support of her people at large, and in all the qualities AA'hich mark self-sacrifice, patriotism and de votion to duty, North Carolina is entitled to stand where her troops stood in battle, behind no State, but in the front rank of the Confederation, aligned and abreast Avith the best, the foremost and the bravest. And I regret exceedingly that many of the facts and figures I shall give are reproduced from memory, though I am quite sure they will approximate exactitude. My familiarity Avith all the affairs of the State during the last three years of the Avar, was such as to enable me to state facts Avith reasonable certainty. The principal records of the State covering that period, in the Executive Department were seized and carried to Washington by the Federal authorities in 1865, where they yet remain. And though efforts have been made to that end, the officials would neither return the original nor permit copies to be made for the use of the State. No doubt such a course was designed to serve some great and wise State policy, though exactly AA-hat it was beyond the pleasure of irritating and disobliging our people, I have never been able to see. But so it is ; we are utterly Avithout official records in North Carolina concern ing the most eventful period in our annals of 290 years.* It may be said that there Avere only eleven States Avholly committed to the late war — Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas and Tennessee. Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri Avere only partially engaged, the great majority of their people remaining AA'ith the Union. Of these eleven, North Carolina occupied the foUoAving position at the begin ning of the Avar: In extent of territory she Avas the seventh; in total population she was the fifth; in AA'hite population the third; Virginia and Tennessee only exceeding her; in Avealth she Avas the seventh ; in the value of all farm products the fourth ; in the production of cotton the ninth ; in the produc tion of corn the fourth ; of wheat, rye and oats, the third, and in the number of horses and cattle the fourth. In manuf ac- *Since then, copies of those letter books have been furnished to the State:— Ed. North Carolina's Record. 465 tures of all kinds, she Avas the third; in the production of iron and material of Avar, about fourth, and in root crops, fisheries and naval stores, the first of the eleven. Such, in brief, were her capacities and resources for sus taining a war as compared Avith her associates. Her mate rial condition Avas in all respects good. AA'erage Avealth Avas considerable, and prosperity and comfort 'abounded. Her credit Avas excellent and her State schemes of internal im provement were advancing cautiously and prudently. The cultivation of cotton was adA'ancing northward and that of tobacco Avas coming South; manufactures Avere growing and industry diversifying — the surest road to wealth — and every thing indeed was moA'ing on a solid basis. Politically, whilst our people Avere loyal to' Southern institutions, they Avere em inently conservative and attached to the Union of the States. In considering Avhat North Carolina did or did not do, in the Avar, this fact of her Union proclivities should never be for gotten. She Avas the last to move in the drama of secession, and went out at last more from a sense of duty to her sisters and the sympathies of neighborhood and blood, than from a deliberate conviction that it Avas good policy to do so. So late as February, 1861, her people solemnly declared, by a majority of many thousands, that they desired no convention to consider the propriety of seceding. But after the fall of Sumter and the proclamation of President Lincoln calling upon her for troops, she hesitated no longer. On 20 May, 1861, eighty-six years after her -first Declaration of Inde pendence of Great Britain, she repealed the ordinance by which she became a member of the American Union, and took her stand Avith the young Confederacy. None stood by that desperate venture Avith better faith or greater efficiency. It is a proud assertion which I make to-day when I say that, so far as I have been able to learn, North Carolina furnished more soldiers in proportion to Avhite population, and more supplies and material in proportion to her means, for the sup port of that Avar, than any State of the Confederacy. I beg you to believe that this is not said Avith any spirit of offence to other Southern States, or of defiance toward the Govern ment of the United States, but simply as a just eulogy upon 30 466 North Carolina Troops. 1861-'65. the devotion of a people to Avhat they considered a duty, in sustaining a cause, right or wrong, to Avhich their faith Avas pledged. The records of the Adjutant-General's office of the State will sIioav that North Carolina sent into the service <>f the Confederacy as volunteers, men at the outset, " 64,636 There Avere recruited by volunteers from time to time 21,608 And by conscripts 18,585 Making in all, 104,829 regular troops from North Carolina in the Confed erate sendee. Besides these there were regular troops in the State service 3,203 Militia on home duty 2,962 Junior Reserves 4,217 Senior Reserves 5,686 Troops from Xorth Carolina serving in regiments of other States not borne on our rolls 3,103 Total of all grades 121,038 Of this number 107,!>32 Avere regular soldiers in the Con federate seiwice, 3,203 Avere regular troops in the State ser- A'ice, and the remainder what may be termed "Land-Avehr," doing garrison duty, guarding prisoners, arresting deserters, etc. These Avere organized as f oIIoavs : Sixty regiments of infantry, 6 regiments of cavalry, 3 reg iments of artillery, 2 regiments of reserves — total, 71. Four battalions of artillery, 4 battalions of cavalry, 3 bat talions of infantry, 9 battalions of reserves — total, 20, and 13 unattached companies, and 11 companies borne on our rolls serving in regiments from other States. These figures are official. Note. — Governor Vance's figures are official as far as they go but he omits some data then not known to him. A fuller and more complete statement of the number of regiments and number of troops furnished by this State will be found in the article "Number of Troops Furnished by North Carolina" in Vol. 5 of this work. — Ed. North Carolina's Record. 467 I do not knoAv but Avhat my assertion might be amended so as to claim that this is not relatively, but positively, more troops than any State put into service. At all events, I shall be glad if this brings forth the records of any sister State, and will submit AA'hen faily beaten. According to the report of Adjutant-General Cooper, the AA'hole number of troops in the Confederate service Avas 600,- 000, of Avhich North Carolina furnished largely more than one-sixth; one-tenth would have been about her share. Her total white population Avas in I860, 629,942 ; of this she sent to the army more than one man to every six souls !* Hoav they demeaned themselves in the field the bloody records of killed and Avounded in all the great battles of the Avar bear melancholy testimony. In many of the seA'ere conflicts on the soil of Virginia — notably in that of Fredericksburg — a large majority of the casualties of the Avhole army Avere in the Xorth Carolina troops, as appeared by the reports in the Richmond papers at that time. One regiment, the TAventy- sixth North Carolina, at the battle of Gettysburg, AA'hich Avent in 900 rank and file, came out Avith but little over 100 men fit for duty. They lost no prisoners. One company, 84 strong, made the unprecedented report that every man and officer in it Avas hit, and the Orderly Sergeant, avIio made out the list, did it Avith a bullet through each leg. The regiment com manded by General George B. Anderson (then Colonel), the Fourth North Carolina, at the battle of Seven Pines, lost 162 men, killed and Avounded, out of 520, and 24 out of 27 of ficers. Of the four divisions, D. H. Hill's, A. P. Hill's, Long- street's and Jackson's, which assailed and put to rout Mc- Clellan's right on the Chickahominy, there were 92 regi ments, of AA'hich 46 regiments were North Carolinians. This statement I make upon the authority of one of the division commanders. At the dedication of the Confederate cemetery in Winches ter, Virginia, some years ago, I was invited to deliver the ora tion, and the reason assigned by the committee for soliciting *In fact more than one in every five. — Ed. 468 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. me for this task was that the North Carolina dead there ex ceeded the dead of any other State; shoAving that in all the glorious campaigns of Jackson, EAvell and Early, in that blood-drenched valley, North Carolina soldiers Avere either very numerous or else had an unusual share of the hard fight ing ; neither of A\-hich facts Avould be so much as suspected by reading the popular histories of those campaigns. Dead men do tell tales, and tales Avhich can not be disputed. Almost the only commands in Lee's army AA'hich Avere in tact and serviceable at Appomattox, Avere North Carolina brigades, and the statement is made, and so far as I know without contradiction, that she surrendered tAvice as many muskets as any other State. At Greensboro, too, Hoke's Di vision, containing three brigades of North Carolina troops, in splendid condition and efficiency, constituted one-third or more of Johnston's entire army.* I mention these facts, not by way of ill-tempered or tin- tasteful boasting, but by Avay of a proper self-assertion, a quality in AA'hich the people of my State are charged, and justly charged, Avith being deficient ; and also because they testify to a state of things, which in the hands of a just and discriminating historian must greatly redound to the credit and honor of North Carolina. For I shall not scruple to make the statement here AA'hich I have often made elseAvhere, and I make it Avithout the fear of giving offence to brave and great men, that the writers Avho have hastened to pen biogra phies of the great and illustrious leaders AA'hich Virginia gave to the Confederacy, have been too anxious to eulogize their heroes to give due attention to the forces which wrought their plans into such glorious results — the plain men whose deeds gave their leaders so much renown. The history of the Brit ish Kings had been often Avritten, said Macanlay, but no one had ever written the history of the British people, Avhich was the more useful to be learned. So Ave are having many his tories and biographies of the great generals and chieftains of *In his estimate of the proportion of North Carolinians at the two sur renders, Gov. Vance unintentionally overstates the facts in favor of his State, though of course in honest reliance upon the information before him. — Ed. North Carolina's Record. 469 our war, but Ave have not and are not likely to have soon, any history of the Confederate people — of the thousands upon thousands AA'ho rushed forward under the banners of these chieftains; of the numbers who died; of the sufferings they endured, the sacrifices they made, of the labors of all classes performed ; of the subsistence and material furnished by those not in the ranks ; of their feelings, their hopes, patriot ism and their despair. No history can be useful or instruc tive which gives us no glance into such things as these. The broad, Catholic cosmopolitan history of this most remarka ble struggle has yet to be Avritten, wherein the story of the people shall be told ; wherein, Avhen it is said hoAv that a great general Avon a victory, it will also be mentioned what troops and where from AA'ho fought it for him; hoAv the artisan in the shops, the ploughman in the field, the little girls in the factories, the mothers at the old hand looms, the herdsmen on the mountain's side, the miner in the earth's boAvels, the drivers and brakesmen on the railroad engines, how all these felt, and strove, and suffered equally Avith the soldier, and yet without his stimulus of personal glory. Such a history would fill Avith content the palaces of the rich and the cottages of the poor, would imbue the humble masses Avith still greater patriotism, and our statesmen with a most useful knowledge ; would remove local jealousies, and increase brotherly affec tion. Having sIioavii Iioav North Carolina performed her duty to the Confederacy in furnishing soldiers, I desire to call at tention heretofore corrected to the part she took in furnishing supplies and material. And here it would greatly interest the political economist Avere I able to give accurate instead of es timated figures, to consider what resources a people may ex hibit under pressure of circumstances. Every industry look ing to the support of an army in the field, or the people at home, sprang forAvard Avith astonishing activity, especially those wherein we had formerly been dependent on foreign manufacturers. Like most of the Southern people, we were slavish tributaries to Northern and British manufacturers; the simplest article, in common use bore their impress, from a broom or an axe handle to a Avater bucket. In the manuf ac- 470 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. ture of cotton North Carolina had less than $1,500,000 in vested; in avooI not over $300,000, perhaps not more in iron, and these latter were but small establishments for local accom modation. There was not a manufactory of arms worth men tioning in the State. Of cotton goods, not half a supply, even of the coarser sorts, Avere made for our own consump tion ; of A\'oolen goods, scarcely a tenth ; of iron, for ordinary purposes, not a tAventieth ; of shoes and leather, not a tenth part of home consumption, Avas supplied. Yet in less than twelve months Ave Avere not only filling that demand and fur nishing large quantities for the army, but selling heavily to our Southern sisters. When the capacity of the cotton and woolen mills began to be heavily taxed, the old-fashioned Avheel, card and hand looms of our grand-mothers bloomed into fashion once more, and under the patriotic zeal of our mothers and daughters the whole land Avas musical Avith the song of the spinning and the clack of the shuttle. When their hand cards pave out it Avas ascertained that there Avas no machinery in the South to reneAV the supply. But many thousands of pairs were imported through the blockade, as Avell as tAvo sets of machinery for their manufacture, and the stock was abundantly renewed. Ere long, also, it was dis- covered that the card clothing and other destructible parts of the mills were giving out and could not be replaced in the Confederacy. This difficulty was also met by the importa tion of quantities of card clothing, belting and lubricating oils, Avhich kept all the factories going till the end. An abundant supply of cotton goods, and a full supply for the people, and a partial one for the army, of woolen, being thus proA'ided, the remaining quota of Avoolen goods and leather findings Avere sought for abroad. By means of Avarrants based upon cotton and naval stores, an elegant long-legged steamer Avas purchased in the Clyde.* She Avas built for a passenger boat to ply betAveen Glasgow and Dublin, and Avas Note. — It is but justice to state here that the idea of obtaining supplies in this way, was suggested to me by Gen. J. G Martin, then Adjutant General of the State. It was his practical ability which shaped the out line of the scheme, though he had returned to active service in the Confederate army before its fruits were reaped. Z. B. V. North Carolina's Record. 471 remarkably swift. Captain Crossan, who purchased her in connection with my financial agent, Mr. John White, ran her in at Wilmington Avith a full cargo in 1863, changed her name from Lord Clyde to the Ad-Vance. When her elegant saloons and passenger arrangements Avere cut away, she could carry Avith ease 800 bales of cotton and a double supply of coal. As cotton was worth in Liverpool then about 50 cents in gold, the facilities for purchasing abroad Avhatever we de sired, is apparent. Before the port of Wilmington fell, this good A'essel had successfully and Avithout accident made eleven trips to Nassau, Bermuda and Halifax, through the Federal fleet, often coining through in open day. Captain Thomas Crossan, Captain Julius Guthrie, North Carolinians, and Captain Wylie, a Scotchman, Avere her successive command ers. By reason of the abstraction or destruction of the Ad jutant-General's record, as before remarked, I am unable to give an exact manifest of her several inward cargoes, but the foUoAving will give an idea of them : Large quantities of ma chinery supplies, 60,000 pairs of hand cards, 10,000 grain scythes, 200 barrels of blue stone for the Avheat growers, leather and shoes for 250,000 pairs, 50,000 blankets, gray Avoolen cloth for at. least 250,000 suits of uniforms, 12,000 overcoats ready made, 2,000 best Enfield rifles, with 100 rounds of fixed ammunition, 100,000 pounds bacon, 500 sacks of coffee for hospital use, $50,000 worth of medicines at gold prices, large quantities of lubricating oils, besides minor supplies of various kinds for the Charitable institu tions of the State. Not only Avas the supply of shoes, blan kets and clothing more than sufficient for the supply of North Carolina troops, but large quantities were turned over to the Confederate Government for the troops of other States. In the Avinter succeeding the battle of Chickamauga, I sent to General Longstreet's Corps, 14,000 suits of clothing complete. At the surrender of General Johnston, the State had on hand, ready made and in cloth, 92,000 suits of uniform, Avith great store of blankets, leather, etc., the greater part of AA'hich Avas distributed among the soldiers and people. To make good the Avarrants on Avhich these purchases had been made abroad, the State purchased and had on hand in trust for the holders, 472 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 11,000 bales of cotton and 100,000 barrels of rosin. The cotton was partly destroyed before the war closed, the re mainder, amounting to several thousand bales, was captured after peace Avas declared, by certain officers of the Federal army. The proceeds probably Avent into the United States Treasury, and probably not. Quien sabe. This good vessel, the Ad-Vance, Avas finally captured on her tAvelfth trip, going out, by reason of unfit coal. She usually brought in enough Welsh coal, which being anthra cite, made no smoke, to run her out again, but on this occa sion she was compelled to give her supply to the cruiser Ala bama, which was then in port, and to run out Avith North Car olina bituminous coal, Avhich choked her flues, diminished her steam, and left a black column of smoke in her wake, by which she was easily followed and finally overtaken. In addition .to these supplies brought in from abroad, im mense quantities of bacon, beef, flour and corn, Avere fur nished from our own fields. I have no possible data for es timating these, but any one who is acquainted Avith the valley of the Roanoke, and the black, alluvial loAvlands of Eastern North Carolina, Avill recognize AA'hat they can do in the pro duction of corn Avhen actively cultivated. And they and all the lands of this State Avere actively cultivated for the pro duction of food. I Avas told by General Joseph E. Johnston, that Avhen his army was surrendered at Greensboro, he had in his depots in North Carolina, gathered in the State, five months' supplies for sixty-thousand men ; and that for many months previous, General Lee's army had been almost en tirely fed from North Carolina. Public sentiment rigidly forbade the cultivation of any but limited crops of cotton and tobacco, and the distillation of grain Avas forbidden by laAV. Though perhaps mere brutum fulmen, in vieAv of their constitutionality, these laAvs were cheerfully sustained by a patriotic public A'oice and AA-ere gen erally obeyed. The fields everywhere Avere green and golden AA'ith the corn and Avheat. Old men and Avomen, in many cases, guided the plough whilst children followed Avith the hoe in the gaping furrows. The most serious conditions of life are oftentimes fruitful of amusement to those Avho have North Carolina's Record. 473 philosophy sufficient to grasp it ; and the sufferings of those dark days were frequently illumined by the ludicrous. The prohibition upon distilling Avas regarded by many as a pecu liar hardship. "Old Rye" grew to be worth its weight in silver, and "Mountain DeAv" became as the nectar of the gods. Even "NeAv Dip" became precious, and Avas rolled as a SAveet morsel under our rebel tongues. Yet, true to their char acter of the most laAv-abiding people on the continent, all re spected the act of Assembly. Many thirsting souls, how ever, fancied that I was invested with that illegal poAver, the exercise of AA'hich lost James II his crown, of dispensing Avith the laAvs, and petitioned me accordingly for a dispensa tion. The excuses giA'en were various. One had much sick ness in his family, and Avould I permit him to make a small "run" for medicine ? Another wanted to make just enough "to go in camphor;" and still another gave it as his solemn opinion that it Avas going to be a terrible bad season for snakes, and they must have a little on hand in case of bites ! Finally one man wrote me, Avith an implied slander on my appetite, shocking to think of eA'en noAv, that he only wanted to make ten gallons, and if I would give the permission he would send me a quart ! I replied in all seriousness that I could not think of violating my official oath for less than a gallon. That broke the trade. In addition to providing for the soldiers in the field, there Avas still a more difficult task in providing for the destitute at home, a task AA'hich 1 think the military men did not appreci ate properly. For the comfort of soldiers traveling to and fro, Avayside hospitals or inns Avere established at Weldon, Goldsboro, Wilmington, Raleigh, Greensboro, Salisbury, Charlotte, and other chief points. Here the sick, the wounded and the furloughed Avere entertained. But there were thou sands of the families of the poor, Avhose only supporters were in the army, and whom Ave were in duty bound to care for and keep from suffering. Not only did justice and humanity require this, Jjut good policy as well. When the paper which the husband in the army received became so depreciated that it would buy the Avife and children no bread, the strength and confidence of the Confederacy began to weaken at once. 474 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. No cause, hoAvever just, no enthusiasm, however zealous, could long Avithstand the cry of wife and children for food. To meet this necessity, granaries were established at several points in the State, and corn distributed in the most needy districts; committees were appointed in each county to look after the needy, and commissioners selected, Avhose sole duty it Avas to provide salt. The State became for the time a grand Almoner, and though from the very nature of the task it Avas impossible to effect the object completely, yet it is my opinion that no part performed in that great struggle Avas more deserv ing of praise than that effort AA'hich North Carolina made to provide for the poor families of those AA'ho Avere fighting for her independence on distant fields. These efforts went to the very gist of our success. Nor Avere these confined to the pub lic authorities. Private charities and liberality abounded. Each county has its list of neighborhood heroes, gray-headed, quiet men, Avhose A'ictories were Avon over the greedy passions of gain and the temptations of avarice. They are pointed out yet as the men avIio Avould sell no corn except to soldiers' AA-ives, AvidoAvs or mothers ; avIio Avould sell no leather from their Lanyards except to put shoes on their feet, and AA'ho did not raise in price or discount their money. All honor to such men. And let history make mention of it as a fact, that in thus serving God they Avere likewise rendering a service to their country quite as great as that of the armed soldiers, and far greater than that of the braAvling politicians. Nor did they stop Avith the giving of their goods. Courase and patri otism usually go hand in hand Avith kindness of heart. Such an instance comes to my mind noAv in the person of old Thomas C alt on, of Burke county, Avhose humble name I A'en- ture to give as Avorthy of all honor and remembrance, and as a good sample of the grand but unglorified class of men among us avIio preserve the savor of good citizenship and ennoble our humanity. He not only gave his goods to sustain women and children, but gave all his sons, five in number, to the cause. One bv one thcv fell until at length a letter arrived, telling that the youngest and the last, the bright-haired, blue-eyed Benjamin of the hearth, had fallen also. Kind friends de puted an old neighbor to take the letter to him, and break North Carolina's Record. 475 the distressing news as gentle as possible. When made aAvare of his desolation, he made no complaint, uttered no exclama tion of heart-broken despair, but called his son-in-laAv, a deli cate, feeble man, Avho had been discharged by the army sur geons, and said, Avhilst his frail body trembled Avith emo tion, and tears rolled doAvn his aged cheeks: "Get your knapsack, William; the ranks must be filled!" Surely it may be said that the pure soul which can thus triumph over nature, like him that ruleth himself is greater than he who taketh a city ! Such Avere the efforts made in North Carolina, public and priA-ate, to aA'ert the calamities of Avar and to sustain the spirits of the people. I attribute the comparatively great efficiency of the North Carolina troops to these efforts. In my opinion the causes of our ultimate failure begun by neg lect of those at home. Our civil administrators lost the cause of the South. Had it been equal in ability and tact to that displayed by our military administration — had the civilian done his part so Avell as the soldier — -"very different Avould have been the result. I do not mean by this to attack Mr. DaA'is and his ministers. By no means. They doubtless did Avhat men could, situated as they were. I mean that the class of men to whom the management of public sentiment in a democratic government is usually entrusted, failed of their part. The morale of our people at the beginning and for two years thereafter Avas excellent ; and if it had been sus tained I maintain that we could have Avon nothwithstanding the fearful disparity of numbers and means. But it Avas not kept up ; and to that defective statesmanship Avhich permit ted the popular enthusiasm to die out and even aided to ex tinguish it, must be attributed our ill success. Few of our political leaders comprehended the situation at all Avhen the troubles began. In the first place the Avar Avas resorted to in order to avoid anticipated, not existing, evils; and the great mass of mankind who do not read Burke and Hallam are only stirred permanently and deeply by present oppressions AA'hich they feel. Had a tenth of the outrages perpetrated since the Avar been inflicted upon us, or e\'en attempted, be fore a Woav had been stricken, there would have been no flag- 476 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. ging of popular enthusiasm, no desertion, no Appomattox, no military satrapies instead of States under the Constitution. In the second place, the Avar once begun, our leaders either did not grasp the magnitude of the struggle, or Avith an un wise Avant of candor concealed it as much as possible from the popular intelligence, AA'hich reacted most injuriously upon the cause. A frank avowal that the Avar AA-ould be long and desperate, and a call for volunteers to serve through its Avhole duration would have brought out the entire military strength of our people as well as the call for six months. This short sighted policy had to be repaired by a conscript act, and although it Avas necessary at the time the blunder of those AA'ho created the necessity remains the same. Our people never recovered from the damper inflicted on their enthusi asm by the anomalous spectacle of beholding men hunted doAA-n and tied to make them fight for freedom and independ ence •! Suffering and disappointment began to produce discontent at home. Little Avas done to allay this feeling. All eyes were turned to the ariirv. The majority of our civic talent took service there, where as a general thing exultant politi cians were buried Avithout a corresponding resurrection of great generals. The civic talent which remained at home mistook to a wonderful extent, the temper of our people in other respects. The Northern masses were kept up to the Avar pitch by appeals for the preservation of the Union. It Avas a stirring Avar cry ; filled with the most sacred associations of our fathers and their great deeds, and attuned to the proudest glories moral, and physical, of the American citizen. We had no slogan half so thrilling. Our denunciation of abo lition operated only upon the comparatively few avIio re flected upon its consequences and foresaAv the evils of a vio lated Constitution. SeA'en-tenths of our people OAvned no slaves, and to say the least of it, felt no great and endur ing enthusiasm for its preservation, especially when it seemed to them that it Avas in no danger. Our statesmen Avere not Avise enough to put the issue on any other ground. In brief, it AA'as not so arranged as that the causes of the Avar took hold upon the popular heart, and the real wonder is, that, sus- North Carolina's Record. 477 tained mainly by sectional pride and a manly, war-like spirit, the contest lasted so long as it did. Again : Avhen our currency depreciated so that it would not pay the government AA'hich issued it, a tithe law was enacted, seizing the people's goods by Avay of taxes Avhilst their pockets Avere filled Avith the government promises to pay. Then there came another laAV exempting from militia duty those who OAvned a certain number of slaves ; an exceedingly inju rious measure for Avhich no possible advantage could atone. These sources of discontent, added to much suffering at home, soon put matters beyond the remedial agency of the wisest statesmanship. Enthusiasm died out; confidence fled. De sertion began, and the deserter's place Avas filled by more con scripts. The result Avas that not only Avere the discontent and suffering increased, but the just ratio betAveen those Avho labor at home and those AA'ho serve in the field and consume, was destroyed ; so that the larger the army became the weaker it greAv ; lacking the healthy strength of well organized com munities behind it. Since the formation of States on the basis of civilization, and the barbarian tribes ceased to Avage Avar by migrating into the territory of their enemies, there is perhaps no instance of a community stript so bare of its in dustrial and productive forces as was the South in 1864. Prussia during the seven years Avar is perhaps an exception to this assertion ; I can not remember any other. From many districts — county sub-divisions — in North Carolina, I had, during 1864, petitions signed by women alone, praying that A. B. might not be ordered away, as he was the only able-bodied man in their district, to protect them, grind their grain, etc. But for our slaves society could not then have moved on at all. I have dAvelt thus long on the reasons for my assertion that our cause Avas lost at home and not in the field, in order to ex cuse the emphasis Avhich I have given to domestic affairs in North Carolina during this period, and the efforts Avhich we made to remove these springs of discontent. They are not unworthy of your notice, though not so exciting as stories of battles and sieges, because they go to the root of the matter. And although we were not entirely successful in feeding all 478 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the poor and keeping down all discontent, yet much Avas done, and Ave had the proud satisfaction of knoAving that more sol diers, in better condition, hailing from Old North Carolina Avere standing by the great Virginia Chieftains, Lee and Johnston, when the bugle sounded the melancholy notes of surrender, than from any other State of the Confederacy. When it is remembered that North Carolina Avas devoted to the Tnion, and rejected secession until the very last, that much has been said about an unruly, disloyal Union element in her midst, during the Avar, and that she has been accused of having an unusual amount of desertions from her ranks, it Avill be admitted, I trust, that Ave haA'e a right to be proud that Ave are thus vindicated by the facts and figures. Surely no portion of the Southern people can sIioav a brighter record, a nobler deA'otion to good faith and order. So great Avas the prevalence of this unjust impression, that North Carolina could be easily detached from her duty to her confederates, that it seems there Avere some Avho presumed upon it for important purposes. Soon after the failure of the Fortress Monroe or Hampton Roads conference, I Avas A'isited by Governor Graham (whose death we so re cently deplore), avIio Avas then a Senator of the Confederate States. After givimr all the particulars of that conference Avhich had not appeared in the papers, and the prevailing im pressions of congressional circles about Richmond, etc., he informed me that a number of leading gentlemen there, de spairing of obtaining peace through Mr. Davis, and believing the end inevitable and not distant, had requested him to visit me and urge me as Governor of North Carolina, to take steps for making separate terms Avith Mr. Lincoln, and thus inau gurate the conclusion. That he had agreed to lav their re quest before me Avithout promising to add his personal adA'ice thereto. I asked who these gentlemen Avere. and with some reluctance he gave uia their names, chiefly Senators and Rep resentatives in the Confederate Cona'ross. I asked why these gentlemen did not begin negotiations for their oavu States Avith the enemy, and if they Avould come out in the papers Avith this request to me. He said they could not take the in itiative, they were so surrounded at home, and so trammelled North Carolina's Record. 479 by pledges, etc., as to render it impossible ! I declined the proposition, of course, and asked him to say, to those gentle men, with my compliments, that in the mountains Avhere I was raised, Avhen a man Avas Avhipped he had to do his o\vn holloAving ; that the technical word "enough" could not be cried by proxy. This piece of secret history Avill serve to show that there Avas a faintness of heart and a smiting to gether of knees in other parts of the South outside of North Carolina.* There are among us unnatural sons of the soil, who being enlightened by the knowledge-inspiring sAveets of Federal flesh-pots denounce publications vindicating our record dur ing the Avar as evincing a purpose to keep alive the fires of sec tional bitterness, and feed a spirit of ill-faith toAvard our pres ent duties. Again there are others in our midst, timid souls, abounding in those good intentions AA'hich are said to consti tute the paving stones of a certain nether locality, AA'ho say [Ley fear these charges are just, or at least our action looks that way, and had better cease for that reason. I cannot agree Avith either. I am sure such imputations are libellous. The presentation of the truth — especially the truth of his- toiw — challenges the interest of all mankind. To set forth * Since the synopsis of this was published, I have received a letter from an esteemed friend in Hillsboro', N. C., who says he had a conver sation with Gov. Graham on the same subject, and that his recollection is that the proposition made to me was, that I should take steps to with draw the North Carolina troops from Gen. Lee's army, which would force him to surrender and thus end the war. It may be that my friend's recollection is correct I am quite sure, however, that substantially I was requested to take separate and independent action to end the contest, and I do not regard the difference between my friend's statement and my own as very material, I have also been surprised to learn that this statement was construed by many as a personal reflection, both on Gov. Graham and the gentle men who entrusted him with the message. Surely nothing could have been further from my intention. It was understood at Richmond, as I learned, that Mr. Davis neither could nor would negotiate any treaty which involved the destruction of his own government, and as Gen. Lee could only hold out a few days or weeks longer, it was deemed import ant by those gentlemen to undertake action by the States separately. I was only indignant that those, who were so lively in the beginning of the fight and reflected so severely on North Carolina for her tardiness, should undertake to make her the scape goat of defeat. I did not regard it as a treacherous or dishonorable proposition, but as one which would have put our State in a false position, if accepted by me. Z. B. V. 480 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. the real deeds Avhich Ave and our associates enacted, and the real issues before us as the only proper motives Avhich incited to their performance, is a solemn duty Ave owe to ourselves and to posterity. It is especially due to our own posterity — to those avIio are to succeed us as citizens of the United States tinder a peculiar and most complicated system of government. The light AA'hich our conflict will afford them in grappling with many difficulties of the future, will be as a lamp to their feet, if our story be truly told ; but if falsely related, it would prove a delusion and a snare. False history must teach false lessons, and false indeed would have been the ver dict of the muse had it been inspired alone by the bitter rant- ings and partisan Avar cries of one side ; and that side, too, making history, or trying to make history, for the purpose of keeping itself in power. But after a season, bold and repre sentative men begin gradually to creep into the National Leg islature and other positions AA'here their voices may be heard. Both sides now make statements ; contention arises, and from its fiery heats, so alarming to the timid, comes forth the precious gems of truth, pure and glorified, Avhose lessons, like the leaves of the tree of life, are for the healing of the nations. Surely, there is in our story food to satisfy the reflective and to fire the hearts of the brave, for many generations ; hoAv that Avritten constitutions AA'hich men are sworn to support, are yet as feathers in the gale before the fierce passions excited by interest, sectional hatred, and religious bigotry, and that the only hope of freedom is, after all, when her anchors take hold deep down in the hearts of men; how that a simple agricultural people, unused to Avar, Avithout manufactures, Avithout ships, shut out from the world and supposed to be effeminated and degenerated by African slavery, yet Avaged a four years contest against four times their numbers, and ten times their means, supplementing all their necessities, and improvising all their material almost out of dreary Avastes of chaos ; hoAv that their generals wrought out campaigns not discreditable to the genius of Hannibal, Caius Julius, Marlborough and Napoleon ; Avhilst their gently nurtured soldiers fought and marched and en dured with the courage of the Grecian phalanx, the steadi- North Carolina's Record. 481 ness of the Roman Legion, and the endurance of the British Lion — and all because the Southern people had preserved the lofty souls and gallant spirits of their ancestry; had treasured up the traditions of chivalry and personal honor which their fathers had bequeathed them as the highest glory of a race, instead of the heaping together of dollars ; the great lesson which 'his age is striving to forget, that States Avill be as their men are, that men will be as their souls are, sordid or lofty as they are taught. And if there be any man among us, North or South, Avho feels that the truth of this cruel war should not be knoAvn, or that it is dangerous to honor that courage and patriotism AA'hich extend to the giving of life in its support, in any cause Avhich a Christian soldier could maintain ; or that unfaithfulness to present duty is bred from a reA'erencing of the memory of those who died to preserve their faith ; Avith such I have no desire to harmonize, the good opinion of all such I can afford to despise. We knoAv that the glorious profession of arms is of the highest importance to a State ; and a skill to wield the sword and the manhood to fight battles are cardinal elements of successful civilization. All peace and mental cultivation produce ef feminate Greeks of the lower empire. All Avar and physical development produce the Goth and the Hun. But Avhen the martial and the civil spirit are judiciously combined, the highest types of human progress are brought forth. Zebulon B. Vance. White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., 18 August, 1875. 31 Appomattox Court House, A^a, TUB BEAKER /hjfL - £j$fsfr- of Co. "A" /^4^ of ^v> Co^^rC^ c^. a Paroled Prisoner of the Army of Northern Virgima, has per- W&M'K%t\ m^'on tlJ !/" '¦'> his home, and there remain, undisturbed i/ ¦a jfi-*-^ L^t^. a parole of the army OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA. Fac-simile of parole o£ E. J. Holt, 1st Lt., 75th Regt., N. C. T. (16th Battalion). PAROLE LIST AT APPOflATTOX. Copied From Duplicate Roll Delivered to Gen. Lee at thb. Surrender. Major-General Bryan Grimes. John B. Burwell, Capt. and A. Q. M. W. E. Stitt, Capt. Com'd'g Div. S. S A. S. Reid, Capt. and A. Q. M. Geo. Lee, Capt and A. C. S. N. J. Whitlock, Capt. and A. Q. M. J. B. Lee, Ordnance Sergeant. James Pollard, Ordnance Sergeant.* Total, 8. *The names of those only of General Grimes' staff who were from North Carolina are printed above. — Ed. COX'S BRIGADE. Brigadier-General W. R. Cox. H. M. Miller, Maj. and C. S. W. T. Faircloth, Capt. and A. Q. M. S. H. Coleman, 1st Lt. and Ord. Officer. J. S. Battle, 1st Lt. and A. D. C. J. Jones, Capt and A. A. G. Jno. B. Brown, Capt. and A. I. G. Total, 7. Xote. — This list has been printed from the duplicate rolls of the paroles of the Army of Northern Virginia, surrendered at Appomattox Court House. Virginia, 9 April, 1865, which were retained by its com mander, General Robert Edward Lee, Confederate States Army ; the other duplicate being delivered to Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant, commanding the Armies of the United States The present documents passed from General Lee into the charge of the late Hon Robert Ould, Confederate States Commissioner of Exchange of Prisoners of War, by whom they were deposited in the archives of the Southern Historical Society and were printed by it in its Vol. XV. The orthography of the originals has been carefully followed in print ing, except where corrected by comrades, although it is apprehended that there were many clerical misconceptions as to the correct rendering of proper names. Copies of the following lists were sent out by the writer to some member of each regiment to correct errors in the spelling of names due to carelessness in the officials at the surrender, or of the copyists or the printers. Being an official record, there was no author ity to change by omitting or adding a single name Only names of those from North Carolina commands are here given There were also a few- names on the rolls whose regiments are not given and several of these men may have been from this State but there being no means of learn ing who they were none such are here printed. — Ed. 484 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. regimental and company officers. L. C. Latham, Major 1st N. C. T. French Strange, Adj't 1st N. C. T. Wm. H. Thompson, Capt. Co. C, 1st N. C. T. A. Mizell, Capt. Co. H, 1st N. C. T. Fred W. Moore, Capt. Co. E, 1st N. C. T. Thomas D. Boone, Capt. Co. F, 1st N. C. T. Thomas N. Bishop, 2d Lt. Co. E, 1st N. C. T. H. H. Patterson, 2d Lt. Co. I, 1st N. C. T. Thomas H. W. Mclntire, 2d Lt. Co.- F, 1st N. C. T. R. J. Day, 2d Lt. Co. K, 1st N. C. T G. W. Briggs, 30th N. O, Sen. Surg. Brig. Lucius C. Coke, Ass't Surg. 1st N. C. T. J. Turner Scales, Major 2d N. C. T. Robert H. Jones, 2d Lt. Co. G, 2d N. C. T. R. D. Hancock, 1st Lt. Co. K, 2d N. C. T. Garry Fulghum, 1st Lt. Co. B, 2d N. C. T. Larry B. Boyette, 2d Lt. Co. B, 2d N. C. T. W. J. Street, 2d Lt. Co. K, 2d N. C. T. Wm. T. Ennett, Maj. 3d N. C. T. Thomas F. Wood, Ass't Surg. 3d N. C. T. N A. Graham, Adj't 3d N. C. T. Jas. I. Metts, Capt. Co. G, 3d N. C. T. J. F. Shaffner, Surgeon 4th N. C. T. J. M. Hadley, Ass't Surgeon 4th N. C. T. J. B. Forcum, Capt. Co. H, 4th N. C. T. T. G. Lee, Capt. Co. D, 4th N. C. T. M. L. Bean, 1st Lt. and Act. Adj't 4th N. C. T. Jno. D. Wells, 2d Lt. Co. F, 4th N. C. T. C. A. Guffee, 2d Lt. Co. G, 4th N. C. T. J. C. Turner, 2d Lt. Co. C, 4th N. C. T. W. A. Johnston, Lt.-Col. 14th N. C. T. Wm. C. Powers, Chaplain 14th N. C. T. Jno. E. Logan, Ass't Surg. 14th N. C. T. W. T. Jenkins, Capt. Co. A, 14th N. C. T. J. M. Hinson, Capt. Co. E, 14th N. C. T. W. M. Gudger, 2d Lt. Co. F, 14th N. C. T. M. H. Cross, 2d Lt. Co. B, 14th N. C. T. D. C. Allen, Capt. Co. C, 30th N. C. T. W. E. Ardrey, Capt. Co. K, 30th N. C. T. J. W. Badgett, Capt. Co. G, 30th N. C. T. S. R. Moore, Capt. Co. F, 30th N. C. T. I. J. Johnson, Lieut. Co. E, 30th N. C. T. J. T. Fulford, Lieut. Co. G. 30th N. C. T. Geo. W. Carrington, Surgeon 2d N. C. T. Total, 44. Parole List at Appomattox. 485 FIRST NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Ord. Serg't Alfred W. Wilbor, Private J. H. Barill, Serg't A. J. Ford, P. C. Call, Corp'l W. H. Witherspoon, D. L. Boylan, Private S. P. Ayres, W. E. Cranor, A. J. Curtis, Terrell Gray, J. W. Burton, 'J. M. Malpass, Private W. F. Butler, J. A. Boswell, A. L. Cannady, R. Crabtree, Private W. H. Williams, D. Huffman, Serg't Hugh Quinn, Private R. J. Askew, W. F. Boone, Q'r-M'r Serg't James D. Boone. Co. A. Private Ashley Swain; Co. B. Private Benjamin Hines, E. H. Johnson, W. R. Johnson, Jacob Shepherd, R. A. Spainhour, R. H. Parker, A. M. Vannoy, J. M. Moore, J. W. Wagstaff, H. H. Whittey! Co. D. Private J. W. May, Thomas L. Mann, J. W. Johnson, J. Stamy, Co. E. Private H. McCormick. Co. F. Private J. P. Darden, N. Hasty, J. R. Powell. Co. G. — Private G. W. Respass. Serg't H. W. Holliday, Serg't W. A. Jones, J. C. Scarborough, E. R. Pace, Private G. W. Davis, W. P. King, Serg't R. Carpenter, Private J. Billups, W. R. Branch, Thos. Strickland, Co. H. Private A. Boone. Co. I. Private J. W. Perry, Wm. H. Pace, John Mitchell, W. E. Redford, R. J. Riggins. Co. K. Private W. D. Shaw, Benj. Short, John Winters. Total, 61. 486 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. SECOND NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major Sam'l P. Collier, Serg't John E. Banner, Serg't Elbert Todd, Corp'l William C. Batts, Private Thomas Flowers, Hodge Bass, Raiford Fulghum, Charles Mabry, Com. Serg't William B. Bell. Co. A. Private James G. Burt. Co. B. Private Irvin Boykin, Bunyon Stott, John G. Wells, Wiley Stott, John Renike, Simon Moore. Co. C. — Private Furney Harold. Co. D. Serg't Benj. A. Howard, Mus'n James T. Edmundson, Private John W. Fort, Franklin Webb, William J. L. Mears, Serg't L. R. Colley, L. W. Hackett, Serg't Daniel Lane, Mus'n David Johnson, Private James Brinkley, Lewis G. Taylor, Private Harris Lamb, L. B. Lamb, William Mumford, James T. Mitchell, Co. E. Private John Sills, John T. Warren. Co. F. Private John A. Poteat, Erasmus F. Page, Robert J. Flake. Co. G. Private John L. Saunders, Private H. H. Young. Stephen H. Alligood, Co. H. Private Warren Corbitt, William B. Pike. Co. I. Private George W. Fulghum, Private David Powers, John W. Austin, Alexander M. Powell, Total, 48. JAMES T. SCALES, Major Com'd'g. Private Jacob Williams, Robert Williams, Parole List at Appomattox. 487 THIRD NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COfc [MISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major K. R. Taylor. Co. A. Corp'l R. H. Young, Private Benj. Jones, Mus'n Joseph Turnage, J. P. Hill, Private J. R. Best, W. M. Randolph, J. R. Hill, John Tuton, Thomas Wooten. Co. B. Serg't T. G. Jones, Private B. W. Drew, Mus'n J. H. Shaw, W. Purnell, Private W. F. Cole, D. J. Rogers, J. W. Kennedy, J. S. Strickland. Co. C. Serg't David Autry, Private W. Johnson, Corp'l W. G. Davis, Thos. Springs. Private D. L. Grimes, Co. D. Private J. B. Bullock, Private Owen Newsome, James R. Frederick, Alfred Newsome, A. B. McNeill, W. E. Teal. D. G. McNeill, Co. E. Serg't E. H. King, Private B. L. Grant, D. H. Willis, H. W. Nixon, Private James Bruce, James T. Edens. Co. F. Serg't H. Laurens, Private Jas. M. Greene. Private Henry H. Bishop, Co. G. Serg't L. A. Avery, Private B. M. Riggs, Private J. E. Chesnutt, Jacob Morton. Co. H. Private Arch. Callum, Private Zimri Williams. Co. I. Corp'l J. Neal, Private D. J. Staley. Private A. Murray, Co. K. Corp'l W. W. Cowan, Private Jas. L. Mills, Private Anthony De Bose, T. J. Ormsby, Thos. J. Lane, Mus'n P. B. Watkins. Total, 54. 488 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. FOURTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF AND BAND. Serg't-Major E. Burette Stinson, Mus'n A. Ord. Serg't Jno. Graham Young, Hos. Steward S. M. Guffey, Mus'n G. B. Austin, J. Y. Barbour, Sam. C. Davis, Jno. T. Goodman, Charles Heyer, Ord. Serg't Elam F. Morrison, Corp'l P. A. Shaver, Private S. Mose Barnes, Theo. H. Davidson, Robert S. Lazenby, Jno. Y. Carvin. Private N. V. Cowan, Sam. M. Moore, O. Serg't Robt. O. Linster, Serg't Abb M. White, Private M. P. Beard, R. C. Beard, J. H. Christie, R. B. Cook, John F. Holmes, J. A. Houp, W. F. Hutchins, S. A. Hoover, R. J. Holmes, O. Serg't John Holmes, Private Jno. Lewis, Serg't C. E. Perry, Private Isaac S. Swindell, J. W. Silverthorn, Thos. P. Gillespie, Jas. C. Steele, J. Natt Raymer, Natt J. Weant, W. R. J. Brawley, Robt. E. Patterson, Edw'd B. Neave. Co. A. Private J. C. McMaster, J. B. Stinson, Brigade Courier, Jno. A. Stikeleather, color- bearer, Co. B. Private Jeff. A. Smith. Serg't D. P. Christman, Jas. Gay, W. O. Wooten, Co. C. Private Isaac M. Jones, H. Lou Lollar, Dave Murdoch, Jas. A. Reid, J. M. Rickert, Joe. B. Sherrill, Thos. Summers, N. C. Summers, Med. Pur veyor, T. B. Swann, Div. Guard. Co. D. Private Joshua Merritt, Thos. J. Pate, Co. E. Private J. W. Hawkins, W. R. Carpenter. Co. F. Private Jno. B. Woodard, Ben. H. Lancaster, Cor^s Guard, Parole List at Appomattox. 489 Mus'n A. Watson, Private J. M. Winburne, Private Jno. McBride, Com. Serg't S. A. Sasser. Reg't. Serg't J. D. Cheek, Private Wm. Clary R. M. Cunningham, Serg't Isaac H. Thomas, Corp'l W. Pressly Patterson, Private Freisan Campbell, S. P. Edwards, T. W. Edwards, J. Farr, W. G. Gaither, Corp'l W. G. Wright, Private J. R. Boyd, Co. G. Private J. F. Baggerly, H. A. Wise. Co. H. Private L. Thorpe, Jno. C. Barnard, L. Lambert, T. L. Morgan, S. McDaniel, Corps team ster. Co. I. Private F. B. Guilford, Brig. butcher. Co. K. Private J. W. Bean, J. C. McCanless, W. B. McQueen, A. N. McQueen, teamster. F. M. Mills, G. A. Misenheimer, G. D. Snuggs. O. Serg't W. C. Fraley, 2d Serg't A. C. Carter, 2d Corp'l A. Mowrey, 3d Corp'l A. Freidheim, Private M. Beaver, L. Bryant, G. H. Bassinger, J. L. Bogle, Private J. 3. Sharpe, Co. A, 1st Cavalry, at request. Total, 101. FOURTEENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major Newsom E. Jenkins, Q. M. Serg't Thomas Smith. Ord. Serg't George T. Stronach, 2d Serg't Richard M. King, 3d Corp'l Joseph R. Hardy, 4th Corp'l George W. Rooker, Private Major D. Harriss, Daniel T. Hicks, Co. A. Private Benjamin G. Ingram, Francis M. Johnston, Richard Lynch, Norman G. Morris, Wm. E. Webb. 490 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 1st Serg't Julius L. Shoup, Private Clements M. Allred, Co. B. Private Charles L. Lines. Co. C 2d Serg't John W. Turner, 3d Serg't James A. Smith, 4th Serg't Peter F. Morton, 1st Corp'l Alexander B. Morton, 2d Corp'l John B. Waddill, 2d Corp'l John C. Dumas, Private Hiram Baldwin, James J. Billingsly, John Bowman, William H. Brower, Hezekiah B. Carpenter, John J. Dunlap, Hampton B. Hammond, Neal Lammond, 2d Serg't Andrew J. Gamble, 4th Serg't William H. Elwood, Private John F. Dixon, Joseph T. Gaddy, John J. Harmon, 3d Serg't James F. Lassiter, 5th Serg't Rufus Smith, Private John M. Beck, Wm. A. Sturdivant, 3d Serg't John H. Walker, Private James T. Bird, Columbus Cooper, Private William P. Leak, Charles M. Liles, Edward A. McCaskell, James A. McCaskell, John J. McLendon, Benjamin F. Medley, Alexander S. Morrison, Thomas W. Morrison, George A. Morton, William H. Saunders, Tames L. Smith, Caswell Stallings, William H. Watkins, Seth A. Williams. Co. D. Private Drewry D. Howell, John K. Mills, Francis Moore, John Webster. Co. E. 1st Serg't James W. Rawley, 1st Corp'l John W. Lee, 2d Corp'l Samuel F. Jones, Private Andrew J. Bragg, Abraham Crabtree, Edwin T. Harriss, 5th Serg't Bennett Russell, 1st Corp'l Eben Lowder, Private William T. Wood, James J. Lewis, John A. J. Penny, Mus'n Albert T. Carter. Co. F. Private Ezekiel Campbell, Lemuel Jones, John R. Patillo. Co. G. Private Joseph R. Harper, James B. Leftwich, John R. Lyon, Alford P. Taylor, William B. Wright. Co. H. Private John Lowery, William E. Morriss, Parole List at Appomattox. 491 Private Hutson T. Biles, Julius F. Carter, William Dees, William S. Hall, 4th Serg't Preston J. Weaver, 1st Corp'l Calhoun M. Smith, Private Cornelius Bryan, Joseph Foushee, Lewis C. Goss, Robert Kestler, Daniel Lechrist, Private David W. Royster, William E. Freedle, James Towles. Private Benjamin Mabry, Eben Mabry, John Keith. Co. I. Private William H. Sullivan, Henry Shaw, Burgess S. Strange, William C. Yountz, John H. Swing, Larry Young. Co. K Private Samuel C. White, Simon A. Smith. Total, 107. THIRTIETH NORTH CAROLINA TROOPS. non-commissioned staff. Serg't-Major F. M. Fitts, Serg't R. M. Crumpler, Corp'l A. H. Brewer, Mus'n J. F. Holland, Private S. D. King, S. J. King, J. M. Parker, Serg't Jno. G. Newsom, Corp'l Thos. W. Shearin, Private E. S. Aycock, W. E. Brown, J. N. Harris, Joshua North, Serg't B. L. Butler, Corp'l A. Robinson, Private E. Coleman, A. Danford, Ithamer Lamb. Q. M. Serg't Theophilus Stallings. Co. A. Private Gaston Spell, J. H. Steele, Henry Williamson, J. B. Currie, W. G. Hall. Co. B. Private C. D. Riggan, C. S. Riggan, J. A. Saintsing, C. H. Walker, R. B. Pegram, D. M. Brown. Co. C. Private R. L. Larkins, David Oakley, Jonathan Robins, W. T. Vines. 492 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Mus'n J. L. Joyner, Private Benj. Adams, G. Bledsoe, Z. Dickey, J. J. Goodwin, T. P. Harris, Henry Harris, Serg't J. W. Hanshey, J. K. Jones, Private B. Bradshaw, H. Brown, J. T. Duff, E. M. Johnson, Serg't John Walston, Arthur Forbes, T. R. Eagles, Corp'l R. E. Pittman, Jas. Ellis, Mus'n Newell Webb, Private Benj. Bailey, Spencer Barnes, Jas. Braswell, Hardy Burgess, J. B. Cobb, S. E. Crisp, E. B. Edwards, Serg't Jos. W. Badgett, A. H. Badgett, Corp'l R. D. Brooks, Private J. D. Badgett, G. P. Barnett, S. A. Collins, Serg't G. B. Cole, A. D. McGill, A. S. Arrington, Corp'l J. W. Lawrence, J. A. Underwood, C. A. Hunter, Co. D. Private G. E. Lloyd, F. P. Mangum, W. Ward, Allen Wadford, N. M. Massey, E. P. Mangum, S. B. Ferrell. Co. E. Private A. M. Helms, W. W. Norris, D. N. Turner, Uzzell T. Wood, M. O. Johnson, Simpson Davis. Co. F. Private Eli Felton, Jas. Forbes, Walston Harrell, R. Hathaway, J. D. Lewis, J. C. Little, Grey Morgan, Jas. Norval, R. Phillips, E. Stallings. Rufus Stallings, Ralph Walston, John Webb. Co. G. Private W. F. Crews, L. H. Frazier, B. H. Merritt, W. A. Parham, T. D. Slaughter, J. R. Staunton. Co. H. Private D. M. Mclver, D. N. Mclver, J. A. McFarland, A. Mason, Thos. Starnes, J. D. Sinclair, Parole List at Appomattox. 493 Private G. W. Campbell, R. T. Cole, E. Goins, Serg't J. W. Crowell, J. H. Bryant, Jeff. Cobb, Corp'l G. W. Gay, Wm. Evans, Private W. Batts, J. W. Bone, J. D. Bunn, J. H. Bunn, Serg't W. S. Smith, E. M. Bales, B. G. Nichols, Corp'l W. B. Thomas, J. C. Saville, W. L. Hood, Private J. P. Bales, Private W. T. Short, H. T. Thomas, C. D. Wicker. Co. I. Private J. Culpepper, R. P. Fox, M. S. Griffin, W. B. Joyner, A. L. Lewis, J. D. Manning, J. W. Pitt, H. O. Strickland. Co. K. Private J. C. Burton, S. L. Dixon, J. H. Howie, J. J. Orr, W. J. Ross, J. B. Squires, M. O. Anderson. Total, 147. Brigade total, 51 officers, 518 men. 494 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. GRIMES' BRIGADE. D. G. Cowand, Col. Com'd'g Brig. W. L. London, Capt. and A. A. G. A. W. Green, Lt. and A. A. and I. G. J. L. Frensley, Capt. and Qr. M. Brigade. P. Reynolds, Capt. and A. Q. M. Total, 5. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. P. C. Shuford, Capt. Com'd'g 32d N. C. Reg't. J. B. Strachan, Surgeon 32d N. C. Reg't. R. H. Parker, Ass't Surgeon 32d N. C. Rev. John C. Tennent, Chaplain 32d N. C. T. W. T. Brewer, Su:-g. 43d N. C. Regiment. T. J. Bostic, 2d Lieut. Com'd'g Co A, 43d N. C. J. S. Whitaker, 1st Lt. Co. D, 43d N. C. W. J. Cobb, Capt. Co. E, Com'd'g 43d N. C. Reg't. Jno. B. Powell, Lt. Co. G, 43d N. C. Reg't. B. F. Moore, 1st Lt. Co. H, 43d N. C. Reg't. J. H. Threadgill, Lt. Co. I, 43d N. C. Reg't. Jno. A. Boggan, Lt. Co. K, 43d N. C. T. Jno. R. Winston, Col. Com'd'g 45th N. C. T. Sam. F. Adams, Jr., Capt. Co. E, 45th N. C. Inf'y. J. B. York, 1st. Lt. Co. D, 45th N. C. Reg't. Sam T. Adams, Jr., Capt. Co. E, 45th N. C. Inf'y. William W. Wharton, Capt. Co. G, 45th N. C. Inf'y. G. F. Daniel, Lt. Co. H, 45th N. C. Reg't. J. F. Erwin, Lt. Co. K, 45th N. C. Reg't. James H. Colton, Chaplain 35d N. C. T. George T. Leach, 1st Lt. Co. C, 53d N. C. T. E. Ashcraft, Capt. Co. I, 53d N. C. Reg't, Com'd'g Reg't. J. D. Guthbertson, 1st Lt. Co. I, 53d N. C. T. J. Lee, Lt. Co. I, 53d N. C. Reg't, A. Adj't. J. F. Eller, Capt. Co. K, 53d N. C. Reg't. R. V. Leach, Surg'n 2d N. C. Battalion. James B. Tucker, 1st Lt. Co. A. 2d N. C. Battalion. D. S. Brown, Co. G, 2d N. C. Batt. E. W. Thompson, Chaplain 43d N. C. T. Total, 29. SECOND NORTH CAROLINA BATTALION. Co. A. Private Joel Bundront, Private W. H. Slaughter, A. C. Grover, Joshua Smith, Parole List at Appomattox. 495 Private Joseph George, A. R. Jones, John E. Right, Ambulance Driver, Private John B. Sulavin, James Forrest, div. team ster, Joseph Hudson. Co . B. Private Anderson Creed, Private William Mitchel, John R. Badget, T. W. Norman, Reuben Cave, Enoch Ring, Raleigh Davis, R. T. Sartin, John H. Edmonds, Henry Smith, George M. Gervis. Co F. Com'sy Serg't Allen Richardson, Private J. H. Elberson, Serg't T. H. Dungan, L. D. Gordon, M. H. Moffitt, J. M. Kenney, Private George Cagle, G. W. Cox, Co . G. Gideon Macon, Daniel Rich. Serg't Private Moses Welch, Josiah Cook, W. A. Hayworth, John W. Hodge, E. T. Hedgecock, Co Private . H. John Williams, Ambulance Driver, Joseph Payne, A. H. Welch, Ambulance Driver. Serg'tPrivate E. A. Russell, Z. T. Cogdill, L. Happers, Private Silas J. Plemmons, Hiram Sexton, A. P. Worley, W. H. Happers, div. team- B. T. Worley, ster, W. H. Hopkins. W. J. P. Clemmons Total, 49. THIRTY-SECOND NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMMISSInNED STAFF AND BAND. Serg't-Major W. H. Hardison, Chief Musician John Jacobs. Q. M. Serg't William Robertson, Co. A. Private W. L. Biggs, W. E. Alexander, Mus'n Chas. Consolva, Private H. S. Sigman, H. I. Bolick, Private F. Meekins. Co. B. Private H. B. Tramel, Wm. Sivels. 496 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Serg't C. M. Ottley, Corp'l J. H. Crew, T. J. L. Harris, J. M. Harris, Private J. J. Ottley, W. H. Drewet, R. J. Edwards, W. A. Garner, J. W. Garner, J. H. Garner, W. H. Grizzard, B. F. Harris, G. C. Hodges, Private Jerry Allen, J. T. Brittle, Serg't T. C. Bostian, R. D. Abernathy, Albert Little, Private Morris Bost, Henry Coonce, L. I. Crouse, G. B. Chanceller, A. K. Cline, William Childers, R. M. Gordon, Evan Gant, Serg't M. L. Jones, Private M. A. Abernathy, Wm. Aderholt, Thos. Aderholt, James Dellinger, Levi Daganheart, H. D. Hill, Serg't John H. Mitchel, Corp'l L. D. Perry, A. H. Prichard, Private W. H. Drew, W. H. Gardner, Monroe Finger, J. C. Sigman, Co. C. Private R. H. Morgan, H. P. Morgan, J. H. Mathews, J. P. Massie, G. T. Massie, J. J. Pritchard, J. L. Rook, J. J. Smith, E. M. Vick, A. A. Taylor, J. J. Hart, J. E. Woodruff, L. N. Birdcong. Co. D. Private Caleb Lassiter, R. D. Belch. Co. E. Private J. P. Hunsucker, Hosea Jarrette, John G. Little. A. Miller, D. H. Shuford, J. L. Caldwell, J. W. A. Payne, T. J. White, R. M. Wingatu, L. Warlick, J. E. Sigman. Co. F. Private L. A. Jones, A. C. Jones, N. Robertson, G. D. Larkins, J. C. Conrad, P. C. Nelson, N. L. Shoemaker. Co. G. Private Noah Whitaker, A. M. Payne, T. J. Downs, W. I. Redfern, W. A. Turnington, Jos. O. Bryan. Parole List at Appomattox. 497 Co. H. Serg't S. T. Cooper, Private W. T. Griffin, Corp'l James Barrett, A. 0. Braswell, Corp'l W. G. Eubanks, Private Henry A. London,* James E. Burke, A. Eubanks, Serg't J. W. Wheeliss, Corp'l W. H. Newby, Private John A. Macon, Thomas Montgomery, M. M. Featherston, Co. I. Private G. W. Farrell, J. K. Pool, D. Campbell. Co. K. Private J. E. Warford, G. W. Ramsdale, W. W. Bost, W. M. Bolton, M. M. Long. Total, 111. *The gallant courier to General Grimes who carried for Gen. Cox the last order to charge. — Ed. FORTY-THIRD NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. William R. Kenan, Serg't-Major Jos. J. Egerton, Ordnance Serg't, and Act'g Adjutant, Sam'l R. Johnston, A. Q. M. Serg't. Co. A. 1st Serg't Benjamin F. Hall, 2d Serg't F. A. Simmons, Private Wm. N. Brinson, William B. Blalock, Jas. D. Brown, Alex. Chambers, Thos. E. Davis, L. J. Grady, R. M. Grady, Serg't Jno. M. Alexander, S. W. Hunter, R. C. McGinnis, Private S. Broom, H. A. Broom, W. R. Burwell, Burton Deaton, 32 Private Alex. Gay, J. G. Halso, Jesse Home, Hargett Kornegay, Jere. J. Pearsall, Lewis J. Rich, Calvin J. Rogers, Jno. E. Smith, Jere. Strickland, Co. B. Private W. M. Helms, J. H. Griffith, J. T. Hall, H. Secrest, I. Pool, T. W. Saddler, D. M. Blackwelder. 498 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Co. C. Serg't Moses D. Dew, W. L. Dew, Private W. B. Joyner, William Pittman, Private J. B. Ferrell, Elisha Holland, D. W. Gardner, Co. D. Noah Wheeler, John Q. Williams. Serg't Wm. T. Gray, John Beavans, Augustus A. White, Private H. Hopkins, G. R. Gammons, H. B. Holmes, Corp'l Wm. T. Vaughan, W. D. Lewis, Private John Avers, G. W. Odom, Sherwood Badger (courier) Major Richards, Lem'l Bradley, Jas. Strickland, Bolin Branch, S. H. Strickland, Geo. N. Branch, W. A. Thomasson, Thos. P. Devereux (cour- B. Whitehead, ier), Jas. Whitmore, J. D. Etheridge, J. R. Whitaker, Colin Grav Co. E. W. H. Whitaker. Serg't 0. A. Atkinson, C. R. Johnson, Private LaAvrence Gay, Wiley Harrell, Corp'l T. W. Owens, Marcus Hill, Private Wm. Bunting, Wiley Burress, Jesse Brown, D. C. Carr, Jonas W. Edwards, S. W Edwards, J. F. Edwards, R. F. Johnson, Reddin Meares. P. C. Taylor, T. F. Talbert, Jno. WhiUey, Rich'd Watkins, Wm. Walston. J. D. Everett, Private B. B. Bobbitt, Benj. F. Cullum, Solomon Drew. John Hawkins, Serg't John H. White, Private H. Daniel, J. Duke, Jno. Faulkner, T. A. Hundley, T. J. James, J. Lambeth, S. E. Perkinson, Co. F. Private M. J. Madden, Sam'l Moore, James M. Pierce, W. R. Walston. Co. G. Private J. Stallings, J. W. Stewart, D. Thompson, A. G. Twisdale, J. C. Weldon, T. B. Watson, W. D. Jones, T. A. Wainwright. Parole .List at Appomattox. 499 Corp'l J. D. Bullard, J. H. Thomas, Private John Boggan, W. G. Douglass, J. C. Edwards, David Huff, A. J. Howell, Serg't John J. Dobbs, Benj. F. Gulledge, Private John Ballard, .Elias Barnes, Alex'r Boswell, John Chewning, John Dees, Moore Dean, J. R. Dunn, D. J. Green, Elijah Gulledge, E. F. Henry, J. M. Henry, 1st Serg't S. M. Lilly, Corp'l J. A. Phifer, Private W. Atkinson, L. M. Clenny, J. H. Davis, F. E. Flake, Co. H. Private J. T. Lockhart, Thomas Leigh, G. F. Ponds, A. B. S. Rascoe, John W. Thomas, J. L. Beverly, Henry J. Willoughby. Co I. Private M. L. Harkey, N. p. Jones, John Jones, Jo. Moore, S. A. Short, W. H. Robards, James Waddell, Jno. T. Waddell, Eli Watfon, A. B. Wheeless, Leven Wootten, J. C. Ballard. Co. K. Private E. W. Jerman, Henry Moore, J. B. Tarlton, J. Tice, C. E. Tucker, T. A. White. Total, 164. FORTY-FIFTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major Jno. A. Branner, Ord. Serg't Jas. M. Long, Serg't T. P. Patterson, Corp'l J. L. Coleman, Private D. J. Patterson, Geo. Chapman, J. H. Holland, Q. M. Serg't W. S. Martin. Co. A. Private Robert Lewis, R. Payne, G. W. Shropshire, Wm. Shropshire. 500 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Private Andrew Deaton, Neal Harris, J. M. Lamb, Private John Motley, James Long, R. M. Hanner, F. Shoffner, J. L. Scott, Private John Crews, J. K. P. Joyce, W. S. Lindsay, Corp'l A. J. Johnson, Private J. A. Bateman, F. Malcolm, J. A. Coleman, J. Jackson, Martin Hopkins, Serg't J. H. Lane, Private G. W. Booker, J. Cox, B. F. Hodges, Private A. Barham, T. C. Peay, A. M. Pegram, L. Thomas, Private N. T. Atkins, J. A. Jones, W. D. Jarratt, S. Mansfield, Jas. Mansfield, Wm. Hobbs, Private Andrew Dunnavant, W. J. Evans, John Hicks, Co. B. Private John Riley, W. H. Harrell, J. D. Ward. Co. C. Private J. R. Wright, P. A. Wren, R. Hamin, James Malcolm, James Long. Co. D. Private J. W. McMichael, W. P. Reynolds, Thos. H. Robertson. CoE. Private B. M. Lewis, Hugh Moore, J. Pender, F. L. R. Shelton, Alfred Stewart, J. P. Smithers. Co. F. Private Isaac Holt, Thomas Lewellen, Sam'l McDaniel, C. W. Meaks. Co . G. Private J. H. Edwards, B. J. Walker, A. Martin, J. B. Wheeler. Co H. Private A. G. Rice, Wm. Sadler, R. M. Small, R. Southard, Isaac Thacker. Co. I. Private J. P. Hayden, John Moore, John L. Taylor. Parole List at Appomattox. 501 Serg't Sam'l Kanoy, Private S. S. Hayworth, H. F. Sullivan, A. W. Stewart, J. W. Ricks, Co. K. Private W. D. Wilborn, A. Echenwalder, A. D. Wall, Thos. D. Carroll. Total, 88. FIFTY-THIRD NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. Musician T. L. Cuthbertson, J. L. Frasier, J. C. R. Frasier, Nicholas Freeman, B. M. Martin, H. P. Meigs, Serg't H. C. Wooten, Albert, Ingle, Corp'l M. S. Whittington, Private J. B. Forbis, A. Ingle, Sam'l Huffhines, Wm. Greeson, Private E. S. Barnett, W. R. Cochran, A. B. Crawley, J. E. Eagle, J. P. Robertson, J. G. Marks. Serg't A. Horn, Corp'l D. Stephenson, Private Rufus Austin, A. P. Barber, H. A. Barber, Wesley Batten, J. P. Leach, Private H. F. Brendle, S. H. Cain, BAND. Musician H. H. Millet^ H. R. Reid, J. A. Vannoy, J. T. Wooten, C. H. Wolf. Co. A. Private J. W. Montgomery, John Lewey, J. C. McLean, H. H. May, J. A. Neese, Robert Wilson. Co. B. Private A. A. Springs, W. S. Stewart, S. W. Wilson, H. Thomas, A. G. Trotter. Co. C. Private Rufus Pollard, B. D. Parish, John Stephenson, J. A. Smith, W. J. Smith, R. S. Thorp. Co. D. Private Wm. Slate, Riley Eaton. 502 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. Mus'n J. P. Mills. Private H. C. Foglpmau E. M. Fogleman, H. M. Cobb, Private Riley Bennett, B. H. Bullen, Serg't W. S. Wilson, Private J. P. Glidewell, Corp'l H. G. Green, Jno. S. Griffin, Private J. W. Bivens, D. D. Baker, R. A. Gaddey, M. Helms, S. H. Hasty, Co. E. Private David Mays. Co. F. Private E. Isley, S. M. Islev. Co. G. Private A. Pruitt. Co. H. Private Thos. Joyce. Co. I. Private A. Henson, H. C. Moore, J. A. Richardson, T. H. Teal, F. S. Lengle, W. W. Duncan. Co. K. Private W. R. Walker. Private L. M. Walters, J. P. Walker, Brigade total, 34 officers, 493 men. Total, 81, Parole List at Appomattox. 503 R. D. JOHNSTON'S BRIGADE. John W. Lea, Col. 5th N. C. Reg't, Com'd'g Brig. G. B. Bullock, Capt. Co. I, 23d N. C. Reg't, A. A. A. G. B. M. Collins, 1st Lt. Co. C. 12th N. C. and A. A. D. C. Robert J. Hicks, Sen. Surgeon Brigade. Rich'd Harris, Capt. and A. Q. M. J. S. Northington, Capt. and A. Q. M. Walter Holladay, 1st Lt., Ordnance Off. Total, 7. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. R. W. Woodruff, 1st Lt. Co. A, 1st N. C. Batt, Com'd'g. D. D. Osborn, 2d Lt. Co. A, 1st N. C. Batt. N. W. Sapps, 2d Lt. Co. B, 1st N. C. Batt. J. M. Taylor, Capt, Co. G, 5th N. C. Reg't. Geo. T. Parker, Capt. Co. H, 5th N. C. Reg't. M. F. Hunt, 1st Lt. Co. E, 5th N. C. Reg't. Jas. W. Lea, 2d Lt. Co. I, 5th N. C. Reg't. J. F. Pearson, Surgeon 5th N. C. Reg't. H. W. Williams, Ass't Surgeon 5th N. C. Reg't. Plato Durham, Capt. Co. E, 12th N. C. Reg't. J. C. Harper, 1st Lt. Co. H, 12th N. C. Reg't. B. F. Logan, 1st Lt. Co. E, 12th N. C. Reg't. W. B. Fleming, 2d Lt. Co. C, 12th N. C. Reg't. W. A. Montgomery, 2d Lt. Co. F, 12th N. C. Reg't. Jno. W. Lawson, Surgeon 12th N. C. Reg't. Geo. A. Penney, Ass't Surgeon 12th N. C. Reg't. Duncan J. Devane, Major 20th N. C. Reg't. A. F. Lawhorn, 1st Lt. Co. F, 20th N. C. Reg't. Henry Coleman, 1st Lt. Co. C, 20th N. C. Reg't. A. D. Peace, Capt. Co. E, 23d N. C. Reg't, Com'd'g. W. C. Wall, Capt. Co. F, 23d N. C. Reg't. J. B. F. Riddle, 1st Lt. Co. H, 23d N. C. Reg't. L. A. Bikle, Chaplain 20th N. C. Reg't. Vines E. Turner, Capt., A. Q. M. 23d N. C. Reg't, (acting Q. M., Ear ly's Division). Total 24> FIRST NORTH CAROLINA BATTALION. Co. A. 1st Serg't J. G. Reavis, Private J. F. Hambrick, Corp'l M. C. Sheek, J. B. Jones, Private A. A. Anderson, O. C. Jones, 504 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Private John Brooks, S. J. Brooks, J. H. Brown, E. W. Crews, Hiram Childress, Isam Cook, Wilson Carter, Martin Davis, Arch. Farris, J. W. Hobson, T. C. Hobson, 1st Serg't J. J. Welch, 4th Serg't J. N. Idol, 1st Corp'l J. H. Wilson, 2d Corp'l G. E. Nissen, Private A. B. Butner, J. R. Barneycastle, H. L. Barneycastle, W. J. Cooper, Y. D. Close, N. Crowder, C. N. Ball, T. B. Douthit, Wash. Denney, Theof. Essie, W. L. Fuller, Elwood Fisher, W. T. Henshaw, C. E. Houser, Lee Hendrix, Private Lee Lawrence, N. G. Montgomery, Giles Reavis, W. D. Reece, J. A. Shugart, Perry Shermar, Thomas Tanner, M. S. Woodhouse, Wm. Whitehead, Benjamin Williamson. Co. B. Private Amos Hege, A. M. Idol, J. A. Kiger, S. G. Keesler, J. T. Lewis, Wm. Loman, C. S. Mock, Robt. Murphy, John Newsom, C. T. Phillips, Thos. Ring, E. A. Shouse, J. A. Williamson, S. A. Waugh, Wm. Houser, Fred. Standerford, A. L. Welch, J. H. Lewis. Total, 65. I certify, on honor, that of the number of men on these rolls only forty-six (46) were armed on the morning of the 9th inst. R. W. WOODRUFF, 1st Lt. Com'd'g First N. C. Batt. FIFTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Sergeant-Major C. M. Busbee. Co. A. Mus'n J. J. Johnston, Private Daniel Albertini. David Ayres, Abram Holder, Private Jesse Johnston, Rufus Jones, William Sanders, Andrew Watson. Parole List at Appomattox. 505 Co. B. Serg't Henry Clay Williams, Private William Smith. Serg't Jesse K. Whitley, Corp'l K. J. Ballard, Private J. W. Barber, Augustus Corbit, Nasrow Creech, Josiah Dean, Jones Faulk, J. B. Honeycutt, Isaac W. Hines, 1st Serg't R. L. Willis, Corp'l James R. Benson, Robt. Johnson, Private James H. Douglas, Serg't W. J. Bond, Corp'l G. W. Long, John Scott, Private John Basinger, E. D. Council, Stephen Davis, Jacob Hartman, Private W. H. Eudy, Preston Lane, Private W. J. Barringer, A. T. Davis, J. T. Lamb, Luther Lentz, Private John D. Brice, Elbert Cross, Jas. D. Johnson, Tobias Lentz, Serg't H. C. Hubbard, Private I. G. Fouts, Co. C. Private J. A. Lee, Monroe Lee, Whitley Messer, Abram O'Neal, Ransom Penny, Thos. H. Sasser, W. H. Smith, W. R. Strickland, Samuel Strickland. Co. D. Private Wm. Young, M. A. Kirmick, J. W. Guilford. Co. E. Private Benj. Herndon, D. A. Holt, J. W. McCinney, W. L. Parker, Frank Parnell, Jacob Pense, Wm. Williams. Co. F. Private Thos. Perry, J. C. Truce. Co. G. Private J. T. Manning, P. J. Pless, W. A. Williams. Co. H. Private Nathan Morgan, S. R. Starnes, Isaac Williams, Co. I. Private Jacob Ritchie. 506 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Co. K. Private D. W. Leach, Frank Julian. Total, 76. I certify, upon honor, that of the number of men on this roll only forty-eight (48) were armed on the morning of the 9th instant. J. M. TAYLOR, Capt. Com'd'g Reg't. Private Joseph Beaver, A. G. Cash, Absalom Cress, TWELFTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. non-commissioned STAFF. Q. M. Serg't S. P. Arrington, Ord. Serg't J. A. Deal, Com. Serg't R. A. Bullock, Co. A. Serg't L. R. Whitener, Private C. S. Sigmon, E. G. Bost, M. L. Sigmon, Corp'l N. E. Propst, W. R. Sigmon, B. A. Lowrance, N. Setzer, Private P. C. Bowman, M. Setzer. J. L. Herman, J. A. L. Sherrill, E. L. Hawn, D. N. Settlemire, P. C. Hoke, W. White, J. B. Hoke, J. F. Wilkinson, Y. T. Leffon, G. M. Wilfong, T. Leffon, P. McCall, N. Leffon, W. F. Hedrick, G. W. Moose, Co. B. J. A. Eppes. Serg't R. H. M. Paschall, Private C. Yancy, J. E. Bennett, J. E. R. Yancy, Corp'l J. L. Phipps, J. N. Harris, W. L. Wier, W. H. Brown, Private T. Andrews, L. W. Overby, J. H. Cook, F. P. Gordon, J. S. Eakes, J. H. Gordon, J. Knott, J. W. Hunt. A. A. Watkins, Co. C. Serg't J. C. Drake, Private R. H. H. Paschall, J. Hilliard, L. D. Rose, R. P. Vanlandingham, J. H. Scoggin, Parole List at Appomattox. 507 Private W. E. Davis, T. Harris, L. Little, J. E. Moss, Ira J. Moss, H. R. Moss, Serg't C. H. Williams, Private D. D. Barker, A. Camp, W. C. Mallory, S. C. Mallory, Serg't R. G. Brown, Corp'l D. D. Whisnant, Private W. H. Bostic, L. W. Cline, C. Durham, J. E. Davis, G. M. Eskridge, T. A. Friddle, E. Hambrick, J. M. Hambrick, P. B. Harmon, A. F. Huffman, W. R. Hill, W. W. Home, E. A. Jones, Serg't P. A. Bobbitt, Corp'l G. M. Duke, Private A. Allen. J. M. Bobbitt, W. H. Bobbitt, W. R. Cheek, A. Dorsey, Serg't G. W. Northington, Private N. Anderton, Private R. Barnes, G. W. Cyrus, W. F. Drake, B. Joyner, H. G. Griffin, J. G. Sigmon, G. C. Clark, S. G. Duke, W. H. Palmer, J. T.. Walker, W. H. Bowden. Co. D. Private J. R. Mallory, W. J. Murray, T. D. Royster, J. C. Terry, J. W. Robards. Co. E. Private C. D. Jolly, A. P. Miller, G. P. Miller, W. A. Martin, ' W. R. Oates, A. T. Oates, S. Poston, J. H. Towey, T. J. Washburne, J. K. Wells, P. B. Webb, A. B. Wright, D. P. Yount, J. H. Neal. Co. F. Private J. Duke, J. R. Gilliland, C. R. Mabry, J. Mabry, R. C. Montgomery, E. A. Parish, R. H. Wiggins. Co. G.Private G. L. Barnes, Co. H. Private J. A. Pitman, N. Pitman, N. D. Tisdale, J. H. Tucker, B. Barnes. 508 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Co. i. Private L. A. Glassgow, Serg't J. D. Alston, C. Camp, Corp'l E. S. Neale, Private M. Jones, Private C. Fletcher. Co. K. Private J. B. Campbell, T. Radford, B. Alston. Total, 139. I certify, on honor, that of the number of men on this roll only seventy-six (76) were armed on the morning of the 9th inst. P. DURHAM, Capt. Com'd'g Regiment. April 10th, 1865. TWENTIETH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. non-commissioned staff and band. Q. M. Serg't Gus. Smith, Ord. Serg't J. L. Phifer, Chief Musician D. R. Coleman, Musician Jas. C. Benson, Musician N. B. Correll, R. H. Galloway, H. B. Giddens, T. M. Stevenson. Co . A. Serg't J. M. Misenhimer, Private G. C. Goodman, Corp'l C. W. Youst, S. A. Weddington, J. C. Gibson, J. L. Groner', Private G. H. Deal, C. A. Erwin, P. C. Earnheart, H. H. Fink, J. M. Goodman, Co . B. J. V. Pethel, J. B. Patterson, M. 0. Spears, T. S. Shines. Private W. H. H. Baugle, J. M. Bost, Isaac Freeze, J. F. Kirksey, D. Johnston, Private D. S. Morgan, A. W. Neal, H. S. Peatree, Tim Reid, S. K. W. Snell. Co. a— Private J. W. Bullard. Co. D. Private I. Womble, L. Todd, B. M. Harrellson, W. L. Hardey, Private J. Long, N. Lovett, G. C. Powell, K. Wright. Parole List at Appomattox. 509 Private T. M. Faison, W. H. Huggins, J. D. Ireland, J. H. Moseley, Mus'n J. L. Benton, Private W. Faircloth, Private W. C. Clemmons, C. Little, S. Reynolds, E. Haws, Co. H- Private W. L. Johnson, R. A. Parker, Private W. G. Sellers, B. M. Duncan, J. A. Bachelor, Co. E. Private A. Outlaw, D. Price, J. F. Watkins. Co. F. Private J. E. King, J. A. McAlpin. Co. G. Private J. P. Rhodes, A. Simmons, W. Whitehead. -Private W. H. Benton. Co. I. Private W. Pollock, G. Williams. Co. K. Private Cephas Fisher, J. E. Morris. J. J. Ward. Total, 71. I certify on honor that of the number of men on this roll, only nine (9) were armed on the morning of the 9th inst. A. F. LAWHORN, 1st Lieut. Com'd'g Reg't. TWENTY-THIRD NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Hosp'l Steward T. H. May. Private Hosea Barger, Joel Eades, H. W. King, Serg't William L. Finger, Private David F. Rhodes, Andrew Smith, Pinkney Black, Co. A. Private J. W. King, Thomas Womble, Jacob Mull. Co. B. Private Abram Harill Wm. R. Whitworth, James C. Hobbs. Co. C. — Private Thomas Cordle. 510 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. Cc '. E. Serg't D. G. Crews, E. L. Fleming, Private > J. W. Fleming, Z. E. Lyon, Private J. F. Birtchet, P. Boling, N. C. Cash, H. Duke, Co . F. D. Vaughan, W. J. Sherron, E. Veazey. Serg't C. C. Sigman, Private W. A. Huffman, Private S. 0. Abernethy, J. F. Dellinger, J. H. Fisher, R. H. Fisher, W. H. Hudson, Co . G. Gilbert Holler, J. E. Holler, W. F. Killian, Solomon Shufford, Wm. Whisenhunt. Serg't E. A. Fuller, Private James Egerton, Private A. E. Fuller, W. Dement, Co . H. John A. Burrows, W. H. Hinton. Private J. H. Brison, J. S. R. Dameron, J. Eller, R. S. Johnson, L. A. McAllister, Co PriA'ate . I. W. R. Milling, H. R. Seamon, W. R. Smith, L. S. Vandyke, J. S. Wallace. 1st Sei-j %'t S. L. Puryear, Private William Faucett, Serg't R. J. Stone, A. Hobgood, J. W. Hart, E. R. Frazier, Robert Hester, John F. Hart, Corp'l W. W. Hart, Geo. W. Newton, Private S. H. Beasley, J. L. Clark, James Clark, A. S. Clark, David Duncan, Co. K. Sam'l R. Parham, W. R. Tillotson, Josph L. Tyack, Fleming West, Hardaman West. Serg't W. L. Lockman, Private Jonas Reep, Private C. N. Blythe, R. B. Little, L. A. Lockman, P. N. Rendleman, Samuel Robinson, Elisha Womack. Total, 82. I certify, on honor, that of the n umber of men on this roll, only thirty-five (35) were armed on th e morning of the 9tb instant. A. D. PEACE. Capt. Com'd'g Reg't. Brigade total, 31 officers, 433 men. Parole List at Appomattox. 511 LEWIS' BRIGADE. John Beard, Capt. Co. C, 57th N. C. Reg't, Com'd'g Brig. Drury Lacy, Jr., 1st Lt. and A. A. A. Gen. Dossey Battle, 1st Lt. and A. D. C. J. M. Williams, 1st Lt. Co. C. 54th N. C, and A. A. and I. Gen. D. R. Murchison, Capt,. and Q'r-Master, Lewis' Brig. L. E. Powers, Lt. Co. A. 21st N. C, and Act'g Ord. Officer Total, 6. REGIMENTxVL AND COMPANY OFFICERS John H. Miller. Capt. Co. A, 21st N. C. Reg't, Com'd'g Reg't. D. C. Gunter, 2d Lt. Co. A, 6th N. C. Reg't. W. A. Mebane, 2d Lt. Co. F, 6th N. C. Reg't. W. W. Fleming, 2d Lt. Co. D, 6th N. C. Reg't. M. L. Snipes. 2d Lt. Co. D, 6th N. C. Reg't. W. T. Covington, 2d Lt. Co. H, 6th N. C. Reg't. Wm. A. Bickers, Ass't Surgeon 6th N. C. Reg't. S. D. Newsom, 2d Lt. Co. K, 21st N. C. Reg't. S. E. Miller, 2d Lt. Co. D, 21st N.C. Reg't. A. M. Johnson, 2d Lt. Co. H, 21st N. C. Reg't. W. T. Sutton, Surgeon 21st N. C. Reg't. Edward Smith, 2d Lt. Co. C, 54th N. C. Reg't. O. M. Corn well, 2d Lt. Co. I, 54th N. C. Reg't. Hugh W. Tate, Ass't Surgeon 54th N.C. Reg't. John Paris, Chaplain 54th N. C. Reg't. J. H. Dickey, Capt. Co. I, 57th N. C. Reg't, Com'd'g 6th N. C. Reg't. W. J. Edmondson, 2d Lt. Co. H, 57th N. C. Reg't. S. H. Gilbert, 2d Lt. Co. E, 57th N. C. Reg't. A. H. Binion. Ass't Surgeon 57th N. C. Reg't. Total, 19. SIXTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Hospital Steward D. M. Currie, Musician Kinet Holloway, Musician J. H. Cosart, S. E. Horn, S. A. Albright, L. M. King, W. R. Cooper, N. L. Lunsford, E. H. Cosart, J. G. Piper, F. H. Dawson, D. A. Sloop, T. H. Fowler, S. N. Leathers. 512 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Private Julius S. Brown, Henry Holland, Serg't J. G. Lunsford, Wiley Meadows, Corp'l Munroe Vaughn, Private Wm. J. Allen, E. M. Dickey, J. W. Lyon, Rufus Mangum, Serg't Hiram Vickers, Corp'l W. D. Hicks, Private W. H. Adams, W. D. Blalock, W. Browning, S. Hutchings, Serg't A. W. Houk, Thomas Powell, Jas. D. Berry, Corp'l D. A. Hildebrand, T. E. Seabolt, Private Jasper Baker, Henry Brown, B. T. Bolick, Wm. Berry, Sidney Chester, Wm. Houk, Serg't J. A. McGee, Private Jesse Blair, John Houston, A. McGee, W. McGee, R. Pitman, Serg't W. J. Kerr, Robert J. Albert, Corp'l G. P. Crutchfield, John Faust, Co. A. Private Peter Baply. Co. B. Private D. C. Mangum, W. B. Moss, E. H. Tilley, S. W. Turrentine, W. C. Veazey, W. F. Williams. Co. C. Private M. C. Herndon, J. W. Leigh, E. W. Morris, J. W. Roe, W. Warren. Co. D. Private Cyrus Huffman, Thomas McNeely, Jones McGalliard, Solomon Nash, Ed. Powell, Wm. Poteet, Wm. Twiggs, M. Sigman, Jas. Winkler, Leander Wilson. Co. E. Private E. Stone, X. M. Robertson, J. M. Moody, W. Watts, J. X Wise, A. Yount. Co. F. Private James Dixon, Henry Herring, A. Jones, T. Y. Mebane, Parole List at Appomattox. 513 Private Albert Willson, James Crutchfield, E. F. Crutchfield, C. N. Credle, Alfred Coble, Nathan Carter, Corp'l Daniel Hudson, Private P. A. Carlile, J. C. Merrick, J. L. Pool, Serg't J. H. Johnston, G. S. Fitch, Corp'l W. C. Haralson, J. C. Pinick, E. W. Rudd, Private W. J. Aldridge, J. W. Massey, Buren Nance, G. A. Sawyers, Serg't C. L. Williams, J. L. Andrews, R. G. Stallings, Corp'l D. C. Barbee, B. Andrews, G. W. Davidson, Private W. Bostick, A. Carlton, L. D. H. Ford, E. W. Howard, E. Herndon, J. Hudson, C. Jenkins, Serg't R. L. Walker, M. A. Hesse, H. C. King, Private H. Allen, Wm. Barnett, G. W. Cheek, A. C. Dalby, 33 Private G. A. Mebane, Rufus Robertson, W. N. Shaw, A. A. Thompson, George A. Thompson, A. Vass. Co. G. Private N. L. Beckham, John York, A. S. Gibbons, J. L. Simpson. Co. H. Private W. W. Dunevant, J. H. Dunevant, J. L. Davis, John Fowler, John Fitch, A. Hensley, R. Y. Vaughn, J. R. Williams, J. M. Walker. Co. I. Private W. A. Jenkins, Carley Jenkins, A. F. Morris, L. Pickard, W. S. Parker, E. Sikes, John Ship, R. D. Stone, J. H. Stone, J. F. Williams, J. H. Williams, S. Williams, G. S. Williams. Co. K. Private Francis Hughes, Rufus McCulloch, Thos. Lynch, E. Malone, B. Meadows, N. P. Deshong, James Norwood, 514 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Private A. C. Dailey, G. G. Dailey, G. Fulbright, A. Graham, J. C. Hazell, W. H. Hazell, 'Thos. Horner, Thos. Hughes, Private Thos. L. Ray, J. M. Shaw, James Squires, James Thomas, Henry Walker, Wm. Walker, G. W. Pittard. Total, 175. I certify, upon honor, that of the number of men on this roll, only seventy-two (72) were armed on the morning of the 9th inst. J. H. DICKEY Capt. Com'd'g Reg't. W. W. FLEMMING, Lt., Act. Adj't. TWENTY-FIRST NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. 1st Serg't F. M. Eccles, Corp'l Henry Brinkley, Mus'n David Dock, Bugler Edward Lineback, Private G. W. Scott, J. A. Oaks, John A. Frank, Private W. C. Bonner, J. W. Creed, J. D. Creed, W. R. Francis, Uriah Francis, M. Francis, E. R. Hull, Preston Norman, Serg't Charles Barrow, C. M. Lasley, Corp'l M. C. Clayton, Private P. L. Billeter, J. W. Binkley, Wm. Herrold. Private E. J. Helsabeck, H. C. Gibson, Co. A. Private Burgess Leonard, R. D. Gentle, Wiley Harris, Wesley A. Phillips, C. H. Jackson, John James, Alex. Martin. Co. C. Private B. Norman, B. F. Pitts, W. O. Reid, J. M. Overby, J. W. Cummings, A. L. Snow, J. W. Swift, McC. Johnson. Co. D. Private J. R. Jones, P. J. Lawder, W. R. Parson, E. J. Wright, Wm. Smith, C. Strupe. Co. F. Private Lewis Miller. Parole List at Appomattox. 515 Co . G. Serg't Fewell Fulton, Private Alex. Hampton, Corp'l J. A. Crumpler, Calvin Carroll, Sidney Smith. Lovelace Smith, Private J. C. Baker, Alex. Baker, F. J. Baker, S. M. Davis, H. P. Fulton, J. H. Gibson, Co . H. A. Samuel, T. J. Taylor, Thos. Tillison, John Tuttle, W. H. Keyser. Serg't W. A. Jenkins, Private A. W. Minish, Private A. H. Johnson, Thos. Loggins, Jackson Burchett, Co. I. J. H. Ward, Ben. J. Baker, C. M. Marshall. Serg't Wm. Mickey, Private Alfred Sapp, Private H. M. Scott, Jas., K. Moser, Co. K. Geta Boles, Joseph' Bowman. Ord. Serg't Y. B. Castle, Private E. Fulp. Serg't Peter Marshall, W. H. Hester, Wm. Haley/ Thos. Ingram, Corp'l H. H. Croner, Wm. Lancaster, Mus'n J. H. Coley, Lewis Livingood, Isaac LeAvis, W. J. Rominger, Private J. J. Alberty, Amos Billeter, Co. L. Alverious Willard. T. H. Spaugh. Serg't B. A. Mitchel, J. M. Lockey, Private J. A. Price, J. B. Webster, Private Joseph Farris, Wm. B. Belton, A. M. Mitchel, E. A. Pfohl, Geo. W. Miller, W. T. Pfohl. Serg't C. H. Mooters, Corp'l E. R. Wiley, W. A. Elliott, Private J. D. Boon, H. Z. Boon, D. H. Boon, J. M. Gant, J. S. Gerringer, I certify, upon honor, that of rolls, only forty were bearing April, 1865. J, Co. M. Private Frank Hicks, Price Harvey, J. A. Hubbard, R. W. Ingle, J. M. Nelson, W. E. Parks, W. R. Tickle. Total, 117. the number of men appearing on these arms on the morning of the 9th of . H. MILLER, Capt. Com'd'g Reg't. 516 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. fifty-fourth north carolina regiment. non-commissioned staff. Hosp'l ! Steward Alonzo Vaughan, Co. A. Private H. L. Barnes, Private J. E. Kepley, T. C. McBride, J. A. Ward, H. Gobble, H. J. Wofford, W. A. Koontz, Co. B. J. E. Wofford. Serg't D. H. Lafevers, Private J. H. Henline, Corp'l Wm. England, Co. C. S. Rudisil. Serg't J. Shepard, Private Co. D. S. Stanley. Private J. T. Bradley, Private T. N. Sykes, Wm. Lowrance, C. C. Woody, T. J. Montague, Co. E. W. A. Wade. Private W. H. Ferrell, Private W. W. Redman, Sr., Wm. Skinner, Co. F. J. W. Wood. Private Peter Apple, Private S. Flack, Pinkney Apple, J. Y. Skeens. E. W. Brown. Co. G. Serg't J. F. Mastin, Private M. C. Johnson, Private C. A. Cooper, Jno. Glass, Co. H. R. Ray. Serg't J. Rigsby, Private R. C. Pool, Private H. Money, J. Smith, A. Morrison, M. Swaim, W. Norman, H. T. Vestal. Co. I. — Serg't W. H. McFarland. Co. K. Serg't J. E. Dunn, Private J. Holt, E. G. Brodie, J. Hood, Private W. Ball, G. McSwain, T. Ball, T- B- Parham. G. Bowman, Total, 53. I certify, upon honor, that of the number of men appearing on these rolls only twenty-three were bearing arms on the morning of the 9th April, 1865. J- H. MILLER, Capt. Com'd'g Reg't. Parole List at Appomattox. 517 FIFTY-SEVENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. Serg't Jos. A. Boger, Corp'l H. G. Cranford, Private W. E. Deal, Serg't David Warlick, Private J. A. Burkhead, Newton Craven, Corp'l J. A. Peeler, Private J. L. Barringer, John Beard, Jr., John Blackwell, H. F. Baker, M. A. Holshouser, F. E. Mennis, Serg't S. A. Ogburn, Corp'l W. D. Brown, Jos. Cruse, Private J. F. Grubbs, T. J. Ketner, Private E. Hallman. D. Leatherman, Serg't F. Alexander, Private H. W. Cress, John Gant, Serg't J. P. Carpenter, M. Adderholt, Corp'l D. L. Stewart, Private A. Armstrong, C. Henkle, Serg't D. M. Barrier, W. M. Eudy, Private C. Raborn, Co. A. Private L. A. Furches, A. L. Klutts, J. W. Thompson. Co. B. Private Jacob Cauble, Amos Smith, Andy Reinhardt. Co. C. Private J. S. Lowrance, Geo. Niblock, J. M. Peeler, J. A. Penny, J. F. Pace, C. J. Wagoner. Co. D. Private H. W. Livingood, Geo. W. Morgan, A. J. Speace, A. P. Young. Co. E. Private L. Robinson. Co. F. Private J. F. Goodman, Henry Bingham, Moses Messemer. Co. G. Private L. Hallman, Robt. Hallman, A. House, Geo. W. Hevener, A. W. Mansfield, Co. H. Private W. A. McKorkle, R. T. VanEaton, I. W. Williams. 518 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Private Thos. Cook, Lem. Johnson, Dan. Moser, C. G. Maynard, Co. I. Private W. B. Nutt, B. Patten, J. F. Turner, Y. B. Warren. Co. K. Private Jeff. Nichols, John Sides, J. A. Newell. Private W. C. Ennis, B. W. Howard, A. J. Mowry, Jacob Klutts, Total, 74. I certify, upon honor, that of the number of men appearing on these rolls, only thirty-one were bearing arms on the morning of the 9th April, 1865. J. H. MILLER, Capt. Com'd'g Reg't. Brigade total, 25 officers, 419 men. Parole List at Appomattox. 519 COOKE'S BRIGADE. Jno. R. Cooke, Brig.-Gen'l. H. A. Butler, A. A. Gen. E. M. Braxton, Q. M. Hugh F. Patton, 1st Lt. and A. D. C. W. N. Mebane, 2d Lt. Art'y and Brig. Ord. Off. Total, 5. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. Wm. H. Yarborough, Col. 15th N. C. T. G. W. Hammond, Lt.-Col. 15th N. C. T. A. W. Houston, Adj't 15th Reg't N. C. T. E. D. Foxhall, Capt. Co. I, 15th N. C. T. E. S. Euliss, Capt. Co. H, 15th N. C. T. Y. A. Oldham, Capt. Co. D, 15th N. C. T. G. B. Murphy, 1st Lt. Co. G, 15th N. C. T. D. S. Thompson, 1st Lt. Co. H, 15th N. C. T. J. M. McLarty, 1st Lt. Co. B, 15th N. C. T. S. M. Pender, 2d Lt. Co. I, 15th N. C. T. Henry C. Kearney, 1st Lt. Co. E, 15th N. C. T. J. A. Morris, Sen. 2d Lt. Co. E, 15th N. C. T. Henry H. Sherrod, Jr., 2d Lt. Co. E, 15th N. C. T. E. W. McBrayer, 2d Lt. Co. C, 15th N. C. T. J. W. Horton, 2d Lt. Co. D, 15th N. C. T. Jos. C. Webb, Lt.-Col. 27th N. C. T. Calvin C. Herring, Maj. 27th N. C. T. J. A. Sloan, Capt. Co. B, 27th N. C. T. H. F. Price, Capt. Co. H, 27th N. C. T. Berry Parks, Capt. Co. K, 27th N. C. T. Jas. A. Graham, Capt. Co. G, 27th N. C. T. T. E. Pittman, Adj't 27th N. C. T. McG. Ernul, 1st Lt. Co. E, 27th N. C. T. G. W. Jones, 1st Lt. Co. D, 27th N. C. T. John G. Parker, 1st Lt. Co. A, 27th N. C. T. Cornelius Harper, 2d Lt. Co. D, 27th N. C. T. N. L. Whitley, 2d Lt. Co. A, 27th N. C. T. W. L. Saunders, Col. 46th N. C. T. N. McK. McNeill, Maj. 46th N. C. T. O. Holmes, Capt. Co. I, 46th N. C. T. J. R. Heflin, Capt. Co. E, 46th N. C. T. H. R. McKinney, Capt. Co. A, 46th N. C. T. R. P. Troy, Capt. Co. G, 46th N. C. T. Geo. Wilcox. Capt. Co. H, 46th N. C. T. R. A. Bost, Capt. Co. K, 46th N. C. T. 520 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. J. H. Freeman, 2d Lt. Co. A, 46th N. C. T. R. D. McCotter, 2d Lt. Co. F, 46th N. C. T. O. P. White, 1st Lt. Co. I, 46th N. C. T. N. A. McNeill, 2d. Lt. Co. H, 46th N. C. T. Thomas Owen, 2d Lt. Co. I, 46th N. C. T. Thos. G. Jenkins, 2d Lt. Co. C, 46th N. C. T. S. H. Walkup, Col. 48th N. C. T. A. A. Hill, Lt.-Col 48th N. C. T. J. R. Winchester, Adj't 48th N. C. T. B. F. Richardson, Capt. Co. F, 48th N. C. T. W. H. H. Lawhon, Capt. Co. D, 48th N. C. T. J. M. Stitt, 1st Lt. Co. A, 48th N. C. T. M. H. Fulp, 2d Lt. Co. K, 48th N. C. W. A. Austin, 1st Lt. Co. I, 48th N. C. T. , J. T. Hart, 3d Lt. Co. I, 48th N. C. T. C. B. Clegg, 2d Lt. Co. G, 48th N. C. T. D. C. Perrel, 2d Lt. Co. H, 48th N. C. T. S. J. Davis, 3d Lt. Co. H, 48th N. C. T. W. A. Whitted, Capt. Com'd'g 55th N. C. T. John T. Peden, Capt. Co. B, 55th N. C. T. G. E. Taft, 2d Lt. Co. E, 55th N. C. T. P. M. Briggs, 2d Lt. Co. A, 55th N. C. T. Chas H. Thomas, Capt. and A. Q . M. 15th N. C. T. J. W. White, Capt. and A. Q. M. 27th N. C. T. S. W. Langdon, Surgeon 15th N. C. T. E. Lloyd Howard, Surgeon 27th N. C. T. V. O. Thompson, Ass't Surgeon 46th N. C. T. Wm. T. Montgomery, Surgeon 48th N. C. T. B. T. Green, Surgeon 55th N. C. T. Isaac G. Cannady, Ass't Surgeon 55th N. C. T. Total, 65. FIFTEENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Q. M. Serg't Thos. A. Britt. Hosp'l Steward JOsiah T. Sugg. Ord. Serg't Peter M. Moss. Co. A. Serg't James W. Gay, Private Solomon Powell, Private Henry T. Britton, Joseph N. Peldon, Harrison R. Daughtry, Amos Stephenson, Wm. J. Johnson, Robt. T. Stephenson. Parole List at Appomattox. 521 Serg't Wm. C. Wolf, Corp'l Wm. J. Long, Private Wilson W. Alexander, Jas. S. Bicket, (courier to Gen'l Cooke) 1 horse bridle and saddle, Jas. A. Craig, Jno. T. Craig, Rich'd C. Forbis, Co. B. Private Serg't Sam'l H. Ripley, Mus'n Chesley McCraw, Private Harvey W. Bickerstaff E. J. Blanton, Perry G. Humphries, Jno. Humphries, Lawson Humphries, Co. C. Private Calvin Helms, Harrison B. Knotts, Jas. M. Pistole, Jacob C. Sikes, Joseph Steele, David D. Stinson, Geo. M. Stinson, Wm. T. Wolf. Sumner Humphries, Jno. B. Lowe, Jno. C. McCraw, Jas. R. Perkinson, Joseph D. Robinson, Wm. G. Wiley, Jno. C. Champion. Co. D. Serg't Wiley L. Kirby, Private A. Calicut, Sam'l W. Brewer, Daniel C. Dellinger, Corp'l Thos. S. Oldham, Joseph M. Goodwin, Thos. C. Council, Jesse E. Hackney, C. D. Williamson, C. C. Mann, Geo. O. Cole, Chas. S. Mitchell, W. B. Cole, Revel Riggsbee, Isaiah S. Cole, Jno. S. Robinson, Elijah Cole, Co. E. Hiram Williamson. Serg't Wm. A. Blackley, Private R. S. Mitchener, Simon H. Moore, Wm. C. Hart, Demarcus S. Allen, Corp'l Alex. S. Moore, Rich'd Holden, Norfleet Winston, Private Wm. Holsomback, Anthony May, Robt. G. Moore, Jno. C. Simms, Geo. S. Strickland, Nicholas Strickland, Wm. S. Strickland, Willis Tharington, Jas. J. Wilder. Serg't Jas. H. Johnson, Mus'n W. H. Wade, Private Jas. W. Atkins, (represent ative of W. Gill), one mule, bridle and saddle. Co. F. Private Thos. H. Arnold, Solomon Arnold, Thos. G. Ellis, Jno. C. McRary. 522 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Serg't W. H. Leonard, Private Jas. M. Leonard, Robt. R. Leonard, Jas. H. Burnett, Co. G. Private Burrill King, Henry King, Darby Jacobs. Co. H. Serg't Martin V. Isley, Corp'l Chas. C. Cheek, Jasper N. Wood, (repre- Private A. T. Bryan, sentative of Jno. Wood), Wm. H. Euliss, one mule. Geo. W. Tesh. Serg't Jas. M. Johnson, Simon B. Staton, Corp'l Wm. A. Lipscombe, Robt. F. Ricks, Lawrence Billups, Serg't Jas. H. Dillard, Willis C. Fisher, H. L. Spicer, Corp'l Richard D. Long, J. R. Steward, Jas. B. Mears, Private B. C. Armstrong, R. H. Braswell, (courier to Gen'l J. R. Cooke,) one horse, bridle and saddle. Co. I. Corp'l Marcellus L. Hussey, Private David J. Grantham, David Peacock, Henry Pate, Geo. H. Staton. Co. K. Private J. D. Boseman, Levi Dillard, Ed. Dillard, Wm. Daws, S. O. Daws, Benj. W. Griffin, J. S. Moore, G. W. Thomas, C. T. Moseley. Total, 122. TWENTY-SEVENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Jos. I. Burgess, sutler, one private A. D. Lindsay, Ord. Serg't, horse and clothing, Chas. M. Parks, Hosp'l Steward. Wm. E. Ward, Serg't-Major, Serg't R. B. Parker, Corp'l S. B. Kilpatrick, Private L. Aycock, Jos. Peacock, Co. A. Private Geo. W. Stegall, Rich'd Ward, Courier John T. Roberts, one pri vate horse and clothing. Parole List at Appomattox. 523 1st Serg't Thos. J. Rhodes, Serg't Joel J. Thorn, Mus'n S. M. Lipscomb, Private Peter M. Brown, Lewis Isley, J. H. Hardin, Mus'n J. H. Suggs, Private L. H. Fields, Jesse Grant, 1st Serg't H. S. Nunn, Serg't J. R. Howard, Corp'l J. R. Gray, S. H. Kornegay, Private A. B. Blizzard, James Davis, Co. D. Private 1st Serg't John Serg't John E. Corp'l R. Dickson Tyler, A. S. Carr, Robt. J. Lang, F. M. Kilpatrick, Jno. D. Walston, Private Wm. Corbett, Sam'l R. Cason, Co. F, Serg't Roscoe Richards, Corp'l Meredith Adams, Mus'n Wm. A. Hays, S. A. Dickson Wm. H. H. Burroughs, Private Jehu Boggs, Wilson Brown, Jas. N. Faucett, Wm. A. Faucett, A. Hedgepeth, Sam'l L. Nelson, 1st Serg't John R. Rollins, Serg't J. H. Little, Co. B. Private E. T. Sharp, W. A. McBride, George Lemons, Silas C. Dodson. Courier Walker Green, one private horse and clothing. Co. C. Private Henry Grant, Thomas Perdue, R. Sutton. Jesse Hardy, James Quinn, Sam'l Strowd James H. Thomas, Curtis Worley. Co. E. Private W. B. Edwards, R. R. Grimmer, Wm. Garner, Rich'd Harris, E. Isley, Mathew Jones, James Jones, Peter H. Somers. Lanning. Wm. H. Nunn, David C. Parks, Eli Sharp, Joseph A. Smith, Sid. G. Strayhorn, Jno. F. Thompson, William Thompson, G. W. Waddell, Thomas F. Ward, S. K. Woods, W. D. Woods. Cc. H. Private Mathew James, R. James, Private Co. Robert G. Private 524 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Corp'l W. C. Burney, Robt. Fleming, Courier G. H. Evans, one private horse and clothing, Private A. Forbes, W. H. Humber, Private J. R. Miller, Geo. Robinson, Wm. Lovitt, Corp'l B. S. Best, Private Wm. Bardin, E. M. Sauls. Private Peter Lawrence, T. E. Randolph, Erastus Rountree, A. Bevill, W. H. Stancil. Co. I. Private John Dees, Julius Mills, V. Civils. Co. K. Private S. W. Pate, Willie Thompson. Total, 103. FORTY-SIXTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON CuMAILSSIONED STAFF AND BAND. Serg't-Major Thomas H. Wright, Q. M. Serg't J. L. Carroll, Hosp'l Steward T. C. Hussey, Mus'n H. H. Heflin, W. J. Smith, A. A. Teague, Mus'n C. W. Rogers, John Miller, J. A. McBryde, W. C. Jackson, M. I. McPhaul, G. W. Riddle. 1st Serg't D. A. Meares, 1st Corp'l J. J. Howell, Private James Holeman, Private Joseph Basinger, T. L. Terry, Co. C— Private M. Co 5th Serg't John Mitchell, 1st Corp'l F. Harris, Private John Forsythe, Paul Gooch, 1st Serg't Isaac N. Branson 2d Serg't F. Craven, 1st Corp'l E. Tucker, Private R. T. Bean, Co. A. Private T. P. Joyce, L. C. Phillips, B. Messinger. Co. B. Private L. Lane, Fred Waller. Vanlandigham. E. Private C. E. Jeffries, L. Meadows, R. H. Oakley, C. R. Thomasson. Co. F. Private J. W. Hancock, Noah Owens, Henry Tucker, Joseph F. Dunn. Parole List at Appomattox. 525 1st Serg't J. C. Davis, 2d Serg't T. A. Futrell, 1st Corp'l J. F. Cavaniss, Private W. L. Brower, L. Furgerson, Sion Hill, John Hicks, 2d Serg't Neill T. Arnold, 5th Serg't Jas. A. Oates, Private C. Bedsole, H. Brewer, J. C. Causey, F. Ferguson, E. Johnson, J. J. Moody, T. W. Morriss, D. D. Morriss, 1st Serg't L. J. Hall, 4th Serg't L. W. Highsmith, 1st Corp'l Allen Barden, 4th Corp'l Burrill Warren, Private Phillip Autrey, 1st Serg't J. D. Rowe, 2d Serg't Simon Eckard, 1st Corp'l R. W. Norwood, 2d Corp'l R. A. Smyer, 3d Corp'l Noah Hufman, Private P. E. Arney, J. E. Arney, W. R. Burch, S. B. Booney, P. V. Gilbert, J. M. Hass, Co. G. Private A. M. Ingold, J. A. Leach, E. Thompson, J. G. Varner, W. M. Williams, W. J. Cavaniss. Co. H. Private W. Bedsole, H. H. Riddle, H. M. Stout, A. McDugald, Dugald Johnson, N. Thompson, W. C. Thaggard, John A. Wicker, K. Wicker. Co. I. Private A. Hudson, S. Hudson, A. Royal, W. Spell, Thos. Turner, Co. K. Private W. H. Mooser, O. M. Jarratt, J. Q. Seitz, T. P. Tucker, J. L. Wilson, A. H. Rowe, W. Setzer, L. Sigman, S. E. Killian, R. H. Sherrill. Total, 102. 526 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. FORTY-EIGHTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. non-commissioned staff. Q. M. Serg't Stanhope Thomas. Private W. G. Winchester, Salathiel Helms, Wm. Therrill, Co. A. Private Hugh Starnes, Joseph Williams. Co. B. Private A. W. Darr, Private Henry Rowe, J. Hendrick, Co C. H. R. Richard. 1st Serg't Robt. R. Leonard, Private C. Kestler, Corp'l J. F . Webster, W . P. Rogers, Private Wm. P. Hanes, G. W. Adams. W. W. Hoover, Co. D. — Private A. Campbell. Co. E. 1st Serg't Zachariah Yarborough, Private B. E. Mangum, 2d Serg't T. C. Eubanks, W . M , Osborn, 3d Serg't G. W. Short, Thomas Parker, Corp'l Wm. Elliott, Samu» 3l Rape, Private W. G. Elliott, J. W. Short, S. S. Funderburk, J. E. Short, Jno. J. Griffin, W . P . Smith, Sam Holden, C. R. Smith, J. R. Latham, J. A. t Griffin. Private Wm. De Laney, James C. Harget, George A. Givens, Hogan Irby, 2d Serg't H. C. Clegg. Corp'l A. Gilmore, Private W. Beal, Jas. Foushee, B. F. Heddin, 3d Serg't A. W. Clodfelter, Corp'l D. Embler, H. Easter, Co. F. Private A. H. Richardson, Jno. Richardson, Wm. Vickery, E. W. Watson. Co. G. Private John Hart, Jourdan Johnson, Jesse Johnson, E. Pipkin. Co. H. Private W. L. Grimes, Noah Horn, Wm. Hill, Parole List at Appomattox. 527 Private A. S. Bryan, J. R. Ellis, Levi Floyd, Reuben Grimes, 4th Serg't W. L. Fisher, 5th Serg't W. E. Penyan, Corp'l Jacob P. Green, Private John C. Austin, Thomas A. Austin, W. F. Crump, Jno. F. Black, W. J. Cook, Private L. D. Lambeth, Samuel Jackson, Private A. Leonard, B. F. Lambeth, J. W. Low, Franklin Ball, Co. I. Private W. F. Cuthbertson, Reuben Dennis, Paul Hagler, Willis Medlin, Samuel Proctor, W. P. Williams, Henry P. Harget, James H. Sosamon. Co. K. Private Benjamin Sapp, Ephraim Stroop. Total, 87. FIFTY-FIFTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. non-commissioned staff and band. Serg't-Major Jesse A. Adams, Ord. Serg't J. W. C. Young, Hosp'l Stew'd Peterson Thorpe, Com'sy Serg't Wm. B. Reyall, Mus'n W. H. Rowland, W. H. Horn, 2d Serg't Lewellyn Jones, Private Bryant Bass, Edwin Eastman, Wilie Mercer, Private Dan'l Billings, John Gregory, 2d Serg't W. L. Brown, 4th Serg't A. G. Gantt, 2d Corp'l Lewis McDonald, Mus'n Henry C. Turnage, Henry C. Adcock, Burt. T. Summerel, George L. Falls, M. R. Beam, Jacob C. Pearson. Co. A. Private Edwin Lamb, Edwin Etheridge, Braswell Renfroe. Co. B. Private John S. Brown. Co. C. Private J. Whisnant, S. A. Bryant, A. Mooney. 528 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 1st Serg't B. H. Bridges, 5th Serg't Mark L. Carroll, Private G. W. Bowen, David Hamrick, Thos. Hamrick, R. E. Harrell, 3d Corp'l Elihu Briley, Private Jesse Adams, J. S. W. Brown, Lemuel Tyson, R. W. Smith, 1st Serg't Jas. R. Willis, 5th Serg't A. P. Ivester, 3d Corp'l S. J. White, 4th Corp'l P. R. White, Private John S. Crow, 1st Corp'l Pinkney Rich, Private David J. Thompson, 2d Serg't Wm. Mullis, Private John Mullis, 1st Serg't Thos. H. Speed, Private Nathan May, 2d Serg't John P. Cannady, Private Hawkins Jones, D. M. Patterson, Wm. M. Blackwen, Brigade total Co. D. Private Wm. M. Harrell, D. D. Neal, A. Poston, W. S. Pryor, Wm. S. Pruett, Jacob Runyon. Co. E. Private J. E. Bullock, W. H. Gurganus, J. L. Tucker, C. R. White. Co. F. Private P. M. Shuford, R. J. Hicks, John A. Canipe, Aaron Cook, A. Self. Co. G. Private John T. Garris. Co. H. Private John D. McCurry, Jesse J. Stearnes. Co. I. Private Richard Levister, Wm. Dulin. Co. K. Private Robert Sandford, Jos. Howard, John Dunn. Total, 77. 70 officers, 491 men. Parole List at Appomattox. 529 MacRAE'S BRIGADE. Wm. MacRae, Brig.-Gen'l. Jno. H. Robinson, 1st Lt. and A. A. A. G. Jos. E. Porter, 1st Lt. and A. D. C. B. W. Justice, Capt and A. C. S. Jno. Gatlin, Capt. and A. Q. M. Total, 5. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. W. J. Martin, Col. 11th N. C. J P.. McCombs, Ass't Surg. 11th N.C. W. B. Taylor, Lieut. Co. A, 11th N. C. Thomas Parks, Capt. Co. B, 11th N. C. E. R. Outlaw, Capt. Co. C, 11th N. C. J. F. Freeland, Capt. Co. G, 11th N. C. R. B. Lowrie, Lieut. Co. H, 11th N. C. J. M. Young, Capt. Co. K, 11th N. C. Jas. T. Adams, Lt.-Col. 26th N. C. L. P. Warren, Surg. 26th N. C. J. Berry, Ass't Surg 26th N. C. John A. Polk, 1st Lt. and Adj't 26th N. C. Thos. J. Cureton, Capt. Co. B, 26th N. C. William N. Snelling, 2d Lt. Co. D, 26th N. C. Edwin H. McManus, 2d Lt. Co. E, 26th N. C. A. R. Johnson, Capt. Co. G, 26th N. C. M. B. Blair, 1st Lt. Co. I, 26th N. C. J. A. Bush, 2d Lt. Co. I, 26th N. C. Chas. M. Stedman, Major 44th N. C. A. J. Ellis, 2d Lt. Co. A, 44th N. C. M. G. Cherry, Capt. Co. C, 44th N. C. Jas. T. Williams, Capt. 44th N. C. J. J. Crump, Capt. Co. E, 44th N. C Ro. Bingham, Capt. Co. G, 44th N. C. Thomas H. Norwood, Capt. Co. H, 44th N. C. J. H. Johnston, 1st Lt. Co. K, 44 th N. C. John H. Thorp, Capt. Co. A, 47 th N. C. Thomas Westray, Lieut. Co. A, 47th N. C. Thos. L. Lassiter, 1st Lt. Co. H, 47th N. C. J. W. Jones, 1st Lt. Co. I, 47th N. C. R. H. Faucett, Capt. Co. K, 47th N. C. E. Erson, Lt.-Col. 52d N. C. T. W. H. Lilly, Surg. 52d N. C. T. J. Marion Alexander, Capt. Co. A, 52d N. C. T. A. F. Hurley, 1st Lt. Co. A, 52d N. C. T. W. E. Kyle, 1st Lt. Co. B, 52d N. C. T. S. S. Lilly, Capt. Co. I, 52d N. C. T. Total, 37. 34 530 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. eleventh north carolina regiment non-commissioned staff. Hos. Stew'd William M. Willson, Ord. Serg't William Madre. 1st Serg't Thos. W. Neely, 1st Corp'l J. M. Alexander, 2d Corp'l J. W. Bingham, Private G. T. Herron, M. Harris, 2d Serg't W. W. McGimpsy, 3d Serg't R. J. Hennesy, Private H. E. Elliott, J. B. Singleton, Private A. Davis, R. Blackstone, 1st Serg't W. T. Womack, 4th Serg't W. H. Butler, Private S. Britton, W. N. Causbey, M. Clark, 1st Serg't J. H. McDonald, 5th Serg't W. W. Hargrove, Private D. Hartline, A. Hartline, H. Holton, Co. F.- 2d Serg't W. J. Howard, Private J. T. Davis, W. Fowler, 2d Serg't J. F. Smith, Private E. M. Andrews, S. W. Blair, R. Holland, Co. A. Private M. B. Hunter, Wm. M. Kennedy, R. J. Monteith, J. E. Orman, H. M. Pettus. Co. B. Private Robt. Kincaid, C. Phillips, L. Livingston. Co. C. Private Jas. B. Parker. Co. D. Private J. H. Clay, C. Butler, J. M. Butler, J. B. Watkins. Co. E. Private W S. McClelland, Wm. C. Pucket, J. N. Pinnix, J. Sprinkle. -Private J. Bogue. Co. G. Private W. C. Mangum, H. T. McDade. Co. H. Private J. L. Humfreys, Peter Keener, J. Saunders, W. H. Wilkerson, Parole List at Appomattox. 531 4th Corp'l J. F. Aderholt, Private A. Coon, W. H. Cline, Jas. Cody, Jno. Cody, H. V. Cox, Jno. Evans, 1st Serg't J. S. Bartlott, Private A. Creasman, J. R. Dickerson, Co. I. Private A. Gualt, Jno. T. Hudspeth, D. A. Haynes, A. Mullin, Wm. H. McCoy, J. M. Leonhart, Z. Wise. Co. K. Private J. P. Hall, W. N. Luther, M. A. Young. Total, 74. twenty-sixth north carolina regiment. non-commissioned staff. Ord. Serg't E. M. Hornaday, Hos. Steward Benj. Hines. 2d Serg't Jas. P. Ashley, 5th Serg't J. H. Osborn, Private W. Blevins, R. Bare, M. Duvall, Serg't E. B. Chancey, J. H. Lee, Corp'l A. Eason, Private G. D. Austin, H. D. Fesperman, W. E. Norwood, Serg't J. T. Ferguson, Wm. Curtis, 1st Serg't W. P. Burt, Serg't J. A. Chesson, Private H. L. Johnson, J. Gilmore, J. Baker, A. Baker, Geo. Brooks, Co. A. Private Thos. Grimsley, Zach. Ausburn, C. H. Reedy, W. B. Reedy. Co. B. Private W. E. Robertson, J. R. Simpson, Wm. Starnes, Jno. Welsh, W. T. Baker, J. C. Mickle. Co. C. Private Thos. Watts. Co. D. Private D. C. Adams, J. Lankston, Geo. Kelly, E. Raglan, G. Booker, W. E. Booker, Q. Edwards. 532 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Serg't G. H. Fitts, Private E. Brewer, Jno. Brewer, Jno. W. Dowd, L. Ellis, J. C. Blalock, G. Ellington, Jas. Johnson Serg't J. T. C. Hood, Private J. Branch, C. M. Tuttle, Serg't T. D. Record, Corp'l H. W. Siler, W. P. Johnson, Private W. B. Allred, J. W. Bowden, E. Buckaner, A. M. Fox, Jno. Hix, Alex. Lineberry, 1st Serg't J. D. Gilliam, Corp'l D. McDonald, D. McLeod, Private J. A. Jackson, C. E. Jones, Serg't Jas. Barnes, Private H. Holder, J. C. Hart, S. Keller, P. W. Summc-ow, 1st Serg't W. D. Webb, Sergt H. C. Dumas, J. T. Gaddy, J. D. Woodburn, Corp'l G. W. Allen, J. R. Jarman, J. B. Short, Co. E. Private J. J. Jones, F. J. Scott, N. Thomas, S. Thomas, A. W. Webster, D. F. Wilkey, W. Phillips, L. B. Smith. Co. F. Private G. H. Harston, C. F. Sudderth, Co. G. Private H. C. Johnson, E. Marshall, D. C. McPherson, L. Moon, H. Overman, W. H. Patterson,. A. R. Siler, M. E. Vestal, James Jones. Co. H. Private N. McDonald, Jno. Parrish, H. C. Tyson, N. A. Ray. Co. I. Private B. W. Manley, J. I. Bradshaw, H. W. Smith, J. A. Teague, W. H. McPherson;. Co. K. Private F. M. Edwards, E. W. Flake, H. M. Gulledge, J. T. Henley, Frank Lee, Thos. May, H. D. Pinkston,. Parole List at Appomattox. 533 Private R. B. Allen, S. Barber, H. T. Covington, J. R. Eddings, Private John Poplin, W. P. Short, Calvin Thomas, Wilson Thomas. Total, 120. FORTY-FOURTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major E. D. Covington, 2d Serg't L. D. Davis, 3d Serg't Moses Garner, 4th Serg't W. H. Ellis, Private W. M. Estes, 1st Serg't A. Rawls, 3d Serg't M. H. Mitchell, 1st Corp'l E. P. Flemming, Private Jos. Downing, G. T. Daniel, D. Brown, 1st Serg't J. N. Johnson, 4th Serg't Jas. Harding, Serg't D. F. Whichard, Private B. T. Baker, 1st Serg't W. A. Hyman, 2d Serg't W. A. Williams, 3d Serg't W. H. Williams, 4th Serg't J. G. Shepherd, 1st Corp'l H. Taylor, 3d Serg't E. T. Foushee, 2d Corp'l A. Hilliard, Private J. Clark, J. B. Clark, H. Crutchfield, F. Crutchfield, W. Crutchfield, Ord. Serg't R. J. Powell. Co. A. Private Aaron Emory, A. B. Montague, W. L. Royster. Co. B. Private Jno. Harris, Gary Bunting, A. Moore, J. Savage, H. Walker. Co. C. Private Jno. S. Harris, R. Harris, Jas. Hathaway, T. R. Pollard. Co. D. Private B. F. Crawford, Jno. Evans, Jno. Hathaway, J. F. Moore, J. R. Joiner. Co. E. Private S S. Cain, A. B. Leonard, E. Phillips, B. B. Phillips, Jno. Robertson, W. W. Dismukes, W. M. Tally. 534 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65.. 5th Serg't E. L. Russell, Private Jno. T. Moore, Jno. M. Moore, W. Kerner, 2d Serg't W. J. Morrow, Corp'l G. M. Foust, W. P. Thompson, Private S. P. Cobb, Private Mitchell Dunn, Co. F. Private J. C. Thompson, Frank Tolbert, H. Shankle. Co. G. Private David Coble, R. G. Howard, H. O. Daniel, S. P. Cates. Co. H. Private R. James Powell. Co. I. — Private J. B. Kennedy. Co. K. 2d Serg't T. B. Jones, Private A. Gordon, Corp'l B. F. Freeman, P. Murphy. Total, 74. FORTY-SEVENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON COMMISSIONED STAFF Com'y Serg't R. F. Temple. Serg't-Major P. A. Page, Ord. Serg't Geo. S. Hines 2d Serg't W. E. Stott, 3d Serg't W. M. Warren, Corp'l W. H. Perry, Private Wm. Baines, G. Lewis, Jno. Morgan, Jas. Morgan, Serg't Jno. H. Cheevis, Private Calvin Pippin, G. Phillips, Josiah Green, Serg't A. Hinton, Private W. P. Bragg, J. J. Bunch, Co. A. Private Wm. G. Murray, E. W. Patterson, J. L. Strickland, S. Jones, Jno. Stott, Benj. Whitley, Wright Batcheler. Co. B. Private H. Etheredge, L. H. Joyner, R. Rogers, J. J. Bissett. Co. C. Private W. R. Fowler, W. L. Davis, Jno. Sugg. Parole List at Appomattox. 535 Co. D. Private H. High, John Wells, Co. Private J. Langley. E. Serg't R. L. Thompson, W. H. Hill, Private J. Cross, Jas. Dew, Corp'l R. D. Honeycutt, B. Jones, Private K. A. Bridges, W. Cross, Co. E. M. Ray, J. C. Maynard. F. Private T. N. Haswell, Jno. Carter, Co. Private W. Dickerson, W. D. Hill. G. Private C. A. Reid, Frank Askew, Co. Private Sydney Joiner. H. Serg't W. C. Stronach, Private S. Williams, Corp'l Chas. Debnam, J. H. Booth, H. Jinks, H. T. Rollins, John J. Moring, George Lynn, Gaston Ford, C. F. Debnam, P. Sears, Sam'l T. Elliott. Co. L- —Prival Co -e W. R. King. . K. Serg't J. H. Ross, Jacob Wagoner, J. H. Tarply, Private E. R. Gillespie, C. Isley, Wm. Linens, Private Patterson Boon, J. C. Matthews. Total, 72. FIFTY-SECOND NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Hos. Stew'd E. J. De Berry. 1st Serg't Jno. W. Fetzer, 1st Corp'l R. F. Cook, Private W. A. Demarcus, J. H. Keizer, Martin Starnes, J. W. Poteat, Corp'l A. J. Goins, Private R. Aldred, Co. A. Private R. M. Luther, Darling Tucker, Chas. Vanpelt, William Vanpelt, Jno. W. Yates. Co. B. Private A. Hancock, W. H. H. Lamb. 536 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Co. C. — Private Simon Riddick. Co. D. Corp'l Chas. M. Williams, Private Co. E. P. Hopkins. Serg't W. C. Webb, Private Enos Smith, Private Benj. McLendon, Stephen Thompson, J. A. McNair, Co. F. H. Webb. Serg't J. H. Warren, Private J. R. Gilreath, Private M. C. Chappell, H. Smithey, J. M. Foster, Co. G. John Watts. Serg't J. F. Caldwell, Private Jackson Smith, Corp'l J. T. Norwood, John Pendergrass, Private H. Roberson, Jas. D. Munday, Co. H. James Brothcrton. Corp'l H. M. Summerow, Private James Queen, Private David T. Anderson, J. F. Perkins, W. J. Friday, Hiram Brotherton, J. C. Friday, James Bynum, A. Hedgpeth, H. P. Parker, C. Patterson, Co. I. 1st Serg't J. T. Haskell, Private Green Henley, 2d Serg't J. D. Forrest, J. A. Poplin, 3d Serg't E. S. Swearengain, Jacob Shankle. Co. K. Serg't F. M. Hardgrove, Private McGee, Private Chas. N. Coley, J. W. Starbuck, Thomas Pratt, Tota Brigade total, 42 officers, 400 men. 60. Parole List at Appomattox. 537 ON STAFF OF MAJOR-GENERAL WILCOX. Jos. A. Engelhard, Maj. and A. A. G. N. E. Scales, Maj. and Q. M. D. T. Carraway, Maj. and C. S. R. M. Oates, Capt. and A. Q. M. J. M. Tate, Capt. and A. Q. M. J. G. Edwards, Capt. and A. C. S. Total, 6. (The above are only the North Carolinians on the Division Staff. — Ed. ) LANE'S BRIGADE. Jas. H. Lane, Brig.-Gen. E. J. Hale, Jr., Capt. and A. A. G. E. B. Meade, 1st Lt. and A. D. C. E. N. Herndon, Maj. and Q. M. Thos. H. McKoy, Maj. and C. S. Total, 5. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. Alfred Saunders, 2d Lt. Co. I, 7th N. C. T. Thos. J. Wooten, Major 18th N. C. T. W. H. McLaurin, 1st Lt. and Adj't 18th N. C. T. Thos. B. Lane, Surgeon 18th N. C. T. Simpson Russ, Ass't Surgeon 18th N. C. T. John J. Poisson, Capt. Co. G, 18th N. C. T. B. F. Rinaldi, Capt. Co. A, 18th N. C. T. E. N. Robeson, 1st Lt. Co. K, 18th N. C. T. Owen Smith, 1st Lt. Co. C, 18th N. C. T. R. M. Lesesne, 2d Lt. Co. B, 18th N. C. T. John M. Whitted, 2d Lt. Co. G, 18th N. C. T. Alexander Lewis, 2d Lt. Co. H, 18th N. C. T. Wm. M. Fetter, 2d Lt. Co. E, 18th N. C. T. R. S. Folger, 1st Lt. and Adj't 28th N. C. T. W. W. Gaither, Surgeon 28th N. C. T. D. S. Henkel, Chaplain 28th N. C. T. E. F. Lovill, Capt. Co. A, 28th N. C. T. T. J. Linebarger, Capt. Co. C, 28th N. C. T. 538 North Carolina Troops. 1861-65. G. G. Holland, Capt. Co. H, 28th N. C. T. A. W. Stone, Capt. Co. K, 28th N. C. T. Robt. A. White, 1st Lt. Co. B, 28th N. C. T. D. F. Morrow, 1st Lt. Co. G, 28th N. C. T. M. M. Throneburg, 2d Lt. Co. C, 28th N. C. T. R. D. Ormand, 2d Lt. Co. B, 28th N. C. T. H. C. Turner, 2d Lt. Co. K, 28th N. C. T. J. W. Williams, 2d Lt. Co. C, 28th N. C. T. L. A. Todd, 2d Lt. Co. F, 28th N. C. T. S. T. Thompson, 2d Lt. Co. I, 28th N. C. T. W. H. Angerman, 2d Lt. Co. D, 28th N. C. T. T. F. Green, 2d Lt. Co. H, 28th N. C. T. R. V. Cowan, Col. 33d N. C. T. Jas. A. Weston, Maj. 33d N. C. T. S. Whitaker, Jr., 1st Lt. and Adj't 33d N. C. T. John A. Vigal, Ass't Surgeon 33d N. C. T. Riddick Gatling, Capt. Co. H, 33d N. C. T. W. J. Callais, Capt. Co. G, 33d N. C. T. Geo. W. Sanderlin, Capt. Co. E, 33d N. C. T. J. C. Mills, 1st Lt. Co. G, 33d N. C. T. W. T. McEntire, 1st Lt. Co. D, 33d N. C. T. J. W. Wooten, 2d Lt. Co. G, 33d N. C. T. T. J. Eatmond, Chaplain 33d N. C. J. L. Bost,, Maj 37th N. C. T. Geo. E. Trescot, Surgeon 37th N. C. T. D. L. M. Graham, Ass't Surgeon 37th N. C. T. T. J. Armstrong, Capt. Co. K, 37th N. C. T. John M. Cochrane, Capt. Co. D, 37th N. C. T. Thos. L. Norwood, 1st Lt. Co. A, 37th N. C. T. A. F. Yandle, 2d Lt. Co. I, 37th N. C. T. J. E. Griffin, 2d Lt. Co. D, 37th N. C. T. Thomas M. Wiggins, 2d Lt. Co. K, 37th N. C. T. A. L. Marsh, 2d Lt. Co. D, 37th N. C. T. Total, 51. SEVENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. Co. D — Private Lewis Cable. Co. E. Private E. A. Nance, Private John W. Murray. W. B. D. Morris. Co. F. — John Johnson. Co. G. Private G. W. Marshall, Private Richard Womble, Parole List at Appomattox. 539 Private W. W. Stinson, Serg't W. B. Smith, G. L. Kistler, Co. H. Private B. F. Poteat. Co. I. Private G. W. Morrow, James L. Wilson. Co. K. — Private Terrill Burgess. Total, 14. (This regiment was at the time on detached service in North Carolina and surrendered later with Johnston's army. Only the few members re maining on detailed duty with the brigade are on above list. — Ed.) EIGHTEENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Ord. Serg't Charles Flanner, Hosp'l Stew'd Wilie A. Cornish, Serg't M. M. Tatum, W. Howard, Private Henry Howard, F. Howard, Corp'l S. Singletary, Private W. C. Bragg, Mus'n George W. Sherrill, Private D. Green, Serg't A. E. Floyd, Corp'l J. P. Innman, Private A. A. Profit, Mus'n Thos. R. Calvin, Private S. B. Costin, G. E. Keith, Henry Moore, Serg't A. E. Smith, Corp'l John A. Patterson, Private W. W. Ballard, J. A. Calder, W. C. Daves, Chief Mus'n Henry M. Woodcock. Co. A. Private John Johnson, B. D. Lindsey, G. W. McDonald. Co. B. Private E. Austin, J. Meares. Co. C. Private D. Klutts. Co. D. Private K. Lovet, A. J. Thompson, Z. Clewis. Co. E. Private C. Barnhill, J. B. Wall, L. B. Wall. Co. F. Private A. A. Huckabee, J. Nolan, M. G. McKoy, N. McN. Patterson, A. D. Webb. 540 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Serg't James R. Dancey, Corp'l J. W. Gordon, Mus'n J. J. Leslie, Private J. F. Adams, Serg't Charles M. Baldwin, Corp'l H. C. Long, Private J. R. Baldwin, J. J. Chancey, J. Creech, Serg't S. W. Wells, J. H. Brown, Corp'l J. J. F. Heath, Private Shade Bell, John Case, D. Brindle, Com. Serg't S. N. Richardson, Serg't W. H. King, A. McNeill, Corp'l Jas. A. Cromartie, Dan'l M. Sutton, Private J. F. Bloodworth, Co. G. Private P. Dickson, R. H. Hall, C. J. Sasser, P. T. Smith. Co. H. Private A. Minton, W. Nance, J. Safrit, J. M. Yelton. Co. I. Private D. Y. Russell, L. H. Horn, H. Hayne, David S. Latta, H. A. Hall, R. B. Banks. Co. K. Private S. T. Buie, D. Murphy, J. C. Kinlaw, Wm. Melvin, Jonathan Dunham, W. N. Anderson. Total, 81. TWENTY-EIGHTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major W. R. Rankin, Q. M. Serg't T. C. Lowe, Serg't H. G. Anthony, J. A. Holder, Private Isaac Draughn, J. Brown, J. Brannock. H. W. Collins, A. Coe, M. H. Freeman, A. J. Key, Hosp. Steward L. J. Barker. Co. A. Private Wm. Marsh, G. Isaacs, J. L. McGhee, E. Moore, W. P. Nixon, W. White, A. L. Gates, L. C. York. Parole List at Appomattox. 541 Serg't T. M. Foster, Corp'l F. W. Leper, A. M. Rhyne, R. W. Carson, George Hines, Private W. T. Allison, J. A. Jenkins, E. M. Huffstetler, J. F. Beatty, J. C. Bell, A. J. Baldwin, L. R. Clemer, C. Carpenter, D. M. Sifford, M. Carpenter, W. A. Clark, L. H. Ford, R. W. Gaston, C. S. D. Shields, Serg't P. J. Hermon, Corp'l J. F. Houston, A. Balch, D. M. Hermon, Mus'n J. L. Turbyfield, Private J. Balch, F. H. Balch, M. Balch, A. Bumgarner, J. C. Carter, L. Cook, W. H. H. Poovey, F. Yount, S. Comal, A. J. Frada, D. Heffner, G. Heffner, S. Heffner, A. D. Hollar, Serg't M. Richie, F. W. Talley, Corp'l W. Crayton, D. W. Plyler, J. H. Lyerly, Co. B. Private J. P. Harriss, J. B. Hines, M. Keiser, J. J. Lewis, S. H. McCarver, A. Rhyne, W. W. Rankin, W. A. Smith, J. Shreem, T. L. Saunders, R. B. Stowe, J. W. Shields, W. B. Thomas, J. F. Thomas, J. L. Thornburg, W. E. Whiteside, M. V Willis, L. L. Wilson. Co. C. Private F. W. Howard, S. Honeycutt, J. M. Houston, J. S. Hermon, C. E. Killian, A. Lail, N. M. Linebarger, W. A. Martin, H. H. Poovey, J. A. Poovey, Sr., J. A. Poovey, Jr., T. Poovey, L. Poovey, W. P. Raider, P. J. Spencer, S. Spencer, A. Starr, A. E. Townsend, A. E. Yount. Co. D. Private A. Carpenter, H. D. Plyler, E. A. Plyler, J. A. Pruitt, W. C. James, 542 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Private H. Barbee, A. Barbee, A. Burleyson. Serg't J. A. Crawford, W. M. Ballard, Mus'n W. T. Lisk, Private J. Ussery, M. Chisholm, R. J. Halton, W. B. Smith, J. L. Hill, J. A. Ledbetter, M. Lemmons, Private L. E. Grabb, W. H. Dickson, Serg't J. S. Durham, H. A. Edwards, J. L. Lloyd, Corp'l F. R. Durham, Private M. Atwater, J. Kennedy, J. W. Cheek, S. N. Crawford, W. P. Durham, G. W. Howard, W. P. Jean, J. P. Johnston, Serg't T. J. Holland, J. M. Green, M. M. Jolly, Private J. L. Green, J. A. Hopper, Corp'l P. G. Gold, Private S. G. H. Bridgers, T. S. Bridges, C. M. Barnett, F. Bolch, D. O. P. Champion, J. M. S. Green, Private John Rudisil, W. H. Sikes, John Underwood. Co. E. Private W. B. Ingram, A. Lemmons, J. T. Lisk, J. McKenzie, J. T. McCauley, C. Macon, T. C. Robinson, T. A. Parsons, R. S. Williams, M. H. Leitts. Co. F. Private R. H. Hutchins, John Hicks. Co. G. Private J. Phillips, S. A. Poe, R. P. Poe, R. H. Poindexter, H. H. Robertson, J. J. Sykes, T. H. Thompson, 0. B. Tinnen, J. R. Ward, G. N. Wait, G. B. Workman. Co. H. Private J. M. J. Green D. O. Green, R. H. Green, J. Hambrick, J. R. Hawkins, J. L. Lovelace, P. H. Lail, D. O. H. P. Moore, G. M. Moore, Sr., J. M. Miller, J. C. Pruit, John Pruit. Parole List at Appomattox. 543 Private T. G. Scott, G. H. Reece, A. R. Joyce, Serg't D. M. Ross, M. J. Ross, Corp'l Uriah F. Hathcock, Private D. Almond, D. P. Austin, B. F. Bell, W. Caskiel, G. W. Davis, J. Eudy, D. A. Fry, A. Furr, W. A. Kirk, B. A. Holt, Co. I. Private J. W. Wagoner, J. Hutchins, T. F. Haynes. Co. K. Private G. Milton, T. Motley, Mus'n A. C. Marbry, D. Poplin, G. P. Ross, W. F. Swearinger, R. Shoe, G. C. Smith, Thos. W. Whitey, A. Vanhoy, M. Whitley, J. Morton. Total, 213. THIRTY-THIRD NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF AND BAND. Hos. Steward S. D. Davis, Q.-M. Serg't F. M. Butner, Com's'y Serg't J. P. Nicholson, Orderly Serg't J. S. Midgett, 'Mus'n E. C. Dull, W. N. Butner, Serg't Isaiah J. York, Corp'l J. F. Millsaps, Private J. W. Barrett, S. Barnes, J. Cardon, W. A. Deatheridge, H. C. Freeman, J. H. Graves, E. J. Jenkins, Serg't J. R. Davenport, W. J. Calhoun, J. R. Purvis, R. J. Crater, G. L. Miller, L. A. Hartman, O. J. Lehman, W. C. Parker. Co. A. Private J. M. Lazenby, R. L. Martin, J. T. Millsaps, H. Peeples, Tobias Propst, G. W. Readling, A. L. Stewart, H. W. Tomlin. Co. B. Private W. Harrell, Warren Harrell, J. H. Jenkins, 544 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. Corp'l T. L. Brown, A. M. Grimes, Private W. Briley, D. Boyd, J. E. Clark, T. T. Council, J. M. Graham, Serg't J. File, Private J. Fink, J. Propst, W. Barnhart, J. W. Rogers, C. Tucker, G. W. Suther, Serg't D. Stewart, L. R. Jennings, Corp'l F. Peele, Private J. Burchett, H. Brown, Private J. W. Savage, F. H. Wright, Serg't W. T. Farrow, C. Daniels, J. Dailey, Corp'l S. D. Blackwood, Private J. M. Blackwood, S. Cutrell, R. C. Gibbs, Private J. 0 Nelson, E. O'Brien, J. T. Raiford, J. R. Ruffin, Geo. L. Roebuck, B. H. Taylor, J. R. Williams. Co. C. Private W. E. Barnhart, R. W. Barnhart, J. C. Corzine, W. H. Clark, D. M. Murph, H. A Rummage, E. Teague. Co. D. Private J. Childers, R. Durham, J. D. Perdue, S. G. Wright. Co. E. Private D. D. Wright, J. E. Eure. Co. F. Private R. H. Harriss, W. N. Riley, R. Rose, J. Thompson, J. A. Thompson, B. M. Terry. Co. G. Corp'l J. W. Atkinson (color bearer), Private J. R. Carter, Jas. P. Baines, A. M. Hair, J. E. Reynolds, Private M. Boswell, Private J. R. Powers, W. D. Randleman, J. Cruse, M. Melcher, J. P. Bomer. Co. H. Private J. W. Shoaf. Parole List at Appomattox. 545 Private R. B. Flynt, F. Ketner, Private J. J. Burch, J. C. Nicholson, J. Emery, Co. I. Private L. Stone. Co. K. Private A. Taylor, J. W. Gray, Total, 108. THIRTY-SEVENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major J. H. Austin, Q. M. Serg't J. O. Alexander, Serg't J. M. Black, Private J. Childers, L. W. Miller, R. Miller, Private J. H. Jones, John Stafford, Serg't W. H. Harrison, R. R. Lentz, Corp'l J. F. M. Beard, Private J. B. Deaton, T. L. Alexander, Serg't G. W. Baucom, Private R. M. Bivins, J. T. Lowery, A. B. Caudle, H. H. Fincher, T. L. Eason, J. N. Gaddy, Serg't W. Adams, H. Slade, Corp'l J. Howington, Private J. Coffee, N. R. Croom, 35 Ord. Serg't J. W. C. Abernathy, Com's'y Serg't C. T. Stowe. Co. A. Private E. Osborne, M. M. Light, E. Severt. Co. B. Private N. M. Thayer, L. H. Triplet. Co. C. Private S. W. Knox, A. A. Kelley, E. A. Sample, J. H. White. Co. D. Private E. G. Graddy, W. T. Griffin, P. C. Griffin, A. C. Helms, C. L. Helms. A. Stegall, P. Little. Co. E. Private F. L. Foster, C. D. Harman, A. A. Morrison, W. F. Monday. 546 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Co , F. Corp'l W. J. Mastin, Private J. C. Kiser, Private S. B. Crews, J. C. Willis, J. T. Edwards, W. Parks, S. S. Furgeson, G. W. Rex, W. R. Hefner, W. F. Parks, Co , G. Serg't James W. Chapman, Private W. Fox, Private J. J. Bently, R. D. McKee, S. Justice, R. B. Smith. Co , H. Private P, Byrd Private J. Selvy, T. Black, L. Morrison, M. Black, E. Hallet, F. L. Hefner, B. Thomason, J. L. Linebarger, J. P. Dye, J. F. Hendricks, J. S. Craig, E. Paysour, L. L. McGhee. Co I. Serg't D. C. Robinson, Private J. Lawing, J. C. Flow, J. A. Alexander, Private J. W. Barnhill, J. C. McCall, M. T. Hill, J. H. Patterson, J. F. Clark, A. J. Spears, J. W. Kissop, F. Smith, G. H. Kistler, R. J. Todd. Co . K Private A. C. Blevens, Private H. W. Webb, H. Jenkins, W. M. Saunders, J. J. Owens, W. Saunders. J. A. Parker, Total Brigade total, 56 officers, 514 men. 98. Parole List at Appomattox. 547 SCALES' BRIGADE. Jos. H. Hyman, Col. 13th N. C. T. Com'd'g Brig. H. L. Biscoe, Major and Com. Sub. A. H. Gallaway, Maj. and Qr. Mr. A. D. Montgomery, 1st Lt. and A. D. C. Total, 4. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. E. B. Withers, Lt.-Col. 13th N. C. T. T. A. Martin, Maj. 13th N. C. T. C. E. Grier, Adj't 13th N. C. Troops. Jno. H. McAden, Surgeon 13th N. C. T. J. N. Williamson, 1st Lt. Co. A, 13th N. C. T. D. S. Lockett, 2d Lt. Co. A, 13th N. C. T. J. D. McLean, 1st Lt. Co. B, 13th N. C. T. T. C. Evans, Capt. Co. C, 13th N. C. T. J. P. Rainey, 1st Lt. Co. C, 13th N. C. T. Robt. A. Williams, 1st Lt. Co. D, 13th N. C. T. John W. Allen, 2d Lt. Co. D, 13th N. C. T. J. D. Bason, Capt. Co. E, 13th N. C. T. W. M. Andrews, 2d Lt. Co. E, 13th N. C. T. J. Roessler, Capt. Co. F, 13th N. C. T. Wm. G. Thompson, 2d Lt. Co. F, 13th N. C. T. G. L. Brown, Capt. Co. G, 13th N. C. T. G. W. Stancill, 1st Lt. Co. G, 13th N. C. T. R. L. Moir, Capt. Co. H, 13th N. C. T. R. S. Williams, 1st Lt. Co. I, 13th N. C. T. H. L. Guerrant, Capt. Co. K, 13th N. C. T. T. L. Rawley, 1st Lt. Co. K, 13th N. C. T. W. A. Stowe, Col. 16th N. C. T. A. S. Cloud, Lt.-Col. 16th N. C. T. S. R. Hensley, Adj't 16th N. C. T. W. W. Keith, Surg. 16th N. C. T. B. B. Murphy, Ass't Surg. 16th N. C. T. J. F. Watson, Chaplain 16th N. C. T. M. L. Wells, 1st Lt. Co. D, 16th N. C. T. A. L. Kayler, Capt Co. E, 16th N. C. T. J. M. Sides, 1st. Lt. Co. E, 16th N. C. T. G. H. Mills, 2d LL Co. 0, 16th N. C. T. C. M. McLeod, Capt. Co. H, 16th N. C. T. H. F. White, 2d Lt. Co. M, 16th N. C. T. T. S. Galloway, Jr., Col. 22d N. C. Reg't. W. L. Mitchell, Lt.-Col. 22d N. C. Reg't. W. A. Tuttle, 2d Lt. Co. A, 22d N. C. Reg't. 548 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. G. H. Gardin, Capt. Co. B, 22d N. C. Reg't. Samuel P. Tate, 1st Lt. Co. B, 22d N. C. Reg't. R. W. Cole, Capt. Co. E, 22d N. C. Reg't. A. J. Busick, 1st Lt. Co. E, 22d N. C. Reg't. W. C. Orrell, 2d Lt. Co. E, 22d N. C. Reg't G. V. Lamb, Capt. Co. I, 22d N. C. Reg't. E. J. Dobson, Capt. Co. K, 22d N. C. T. Y. M. C. Johnson, Capt. Co. L, 22d N. C. T. C. H. Welborn, 1st Lt. Co. L, 22 d N. C. Reg't. C. F. Siler, Capt. Co. M, 22d N. C. T. G. M. Norment, Lt.-Col. 34th N. C. T. B. B. Williams, Ass't Surg. 34th N. C. T. A. C. Hartzog, 1st Lt. and Ensign 34th N. C. T. R. M. S. Hopper, 2d Lt. Co. A, 34th N. C. T. W. P. Beam, Capt. Co. B, 34th N. C. T. D. B. Harrill, 1st Lt. Co. B, 34th N. C. T. John D. Young, Capt. Co. C, 34th N. C. T. Wm. T. Wilkins, 2d Lt. Co. C, 34th N. C. T. M. M. Gillon, 1st Lt. Co. D, 34th N. C. T. T. H: Davis, 2d Lt. Co. D, 34th N. C. T. S. B. Bradley, 1st Lt. Co. E, 34fh N. C. T. Nathan McGinnis, Capt. Co. F, 34th N. C. T. T. D. Lattimore, 2d Lt. Co. F, 34th N. C. T. J. C. Todd, Capt. Co. G, 34th N. C. T. John A. Roberts, Capt. Co. H, 34th N. C. T. W. McK. Mittag, 2d Lt. Co. H. 34th N. C. T. James Wood, Capt. Co. I, 34th N. C. T. Henry Jenkins, 1st Lt. Co. I, 34th N. C. T. Thos. P. Phillips, 2d Lt. Co. I, 34th N. C. T. W. B. Lowrance, Capt. Co. K, 34th N. C. T. G. C. Miller, 1st Lt. Co. K, 34th N. C. T. John Ashford, Col. 38th N. C. T. G. W. Flowers, Lt.-Col. 38th N. C. T. J. T. Wilson, Major 38th N. C. T. D. M. Mclntire, 1st Lt. and Adj't 38th N. C. T. P. W. Young, Surgeon 38th N. C. T. J. H. Darden, Ass't Surgeon 38th N. C. T. A. J. Mclntire, Ensign 38th N. C. T. N. E. Armstrong, Capt. Co. A, 38th N. C. T. R. M. Middleton, 1st Lt. Co. A, 38th N. C. T. John M. Robinson, Capt. Co. B, 38th N. C. T. O. L. Chesnutt, Capt. Co. C, 38th N. C. T. E. M. Cooke, 2d Lt. Co. C, 38th N. C. T. Wm. E. Faison, 1st Lt. Co. D, 38th N. C. T. J. W. Darden, 2d Lt. Co. D, 38th N. C. T. A. J. Brown, Capt. Co. E, 38th Reg't N. C. T. Parole List at Appomattox. 549 J. A. Yount, 1st Lt. Co. F, 38th N. C. T. R. M. Sharpe, Capt. Co. G, 38th N C. T. A. A. Hines, 1st Lt. Co. G, 38th N. C. T. T. F. Murdaugh, 2d Lt. Co. G, 38 th N. C. Wm. H. Blanton, 2d Lt. Co. I, 38th N. C. T. T. John F. McArthur, 2d Lt. Co. K> 38th N. C. T. Total, 88. THIRTEENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. non-commissioned staff and band. Serg't-Major G. F. Hyman, Ord. Serg't A. H. Patterson, Q. M. Serg't T. C. Hill, Chief Mus'n G. H. Warner, Mus'n O. Alexander, W. W. Alexander, Jasper Alexander, J. W. Brown, I. T. Frazer, W. F. Frazer, 1st Serg't J. M. Jones, 3d Serg't W. H. Roberts, 1st Corp'l R. T. Fitzgerald, Private R. F. Clark, W. L. Cook, J. N. Gillespie, H. T. Hensley, A. J. Hooper, J. T. Ferguson, Lea Jeffreys, 8d Serg't W. A. Freeman, 4th Serg't J. A. Gallant, Mus'n Isaac A. Frazier, Private S. W. Crowell, H. Cathey, A. R. Erwin, W. L. Gallant, J. Logan McLean, Mus'n R. J. Frazer, Js . N . Frazer, J. P. Hawkins, J. F. Hawkins, J. T. Kerr, J. W, Reid, J. W. Sterling, A. A. Taylor, W . J. Thompson. Co. A. Private J. G. Jeffreys, H. M . Jones, R. C. Massie, S. A. Moore, F. M. Neal, J. C. Pettigrew, M. Robertson, J. L. Roberts, H. L. Roberts, D. G. Womack. Co. B. Private S. H. Marks, W . A . McGinn, N. C. McGinn, W . J. Poag, G. W. Sloan, W . T . Watt, J. C. Wiley. 550 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 2d Serg't W. T. Farley, 3d Serg't J. W. McCain, 4th Serg't J. A. Burton, 1st Corp'l A. J. Burch, 4th Corp'l W. J. Brandon, Private S. T. Covington, S. B. Davis, W. H. Gordon, J. F. Hamlett, Co. C. Private W. A. McCain, J. Mitchell, A. Pierce, J. N. Rainey, F. Redman, J. J. Saunders, F. R. Stegall, W. E. Stone, N. C. Strickland, Co. D. 2d Serg't J. H. Burton, Private R. J. Jones, 3d Serg't E. M. O'Brien, James Nelson, 4th Serg't T. W. Featherstone, J. R. O'Brien, 1st Corp'l V. B. Craft, S. C. Rice, Private L. L. Grinstead, W. Stephens, J. D. Glenn, Thos. Stephens. L. Hudgin, Co . E. 1st Serg't R. G. Faucette, Private G. W. Holt, 1st Corp'l H. M. Rich, J. S. Huffman, Private W. H. Bason, C. A. May, A. M. Coble, Emanuel Ryke, D. O. Coble, R. P. Sharpe, H. Holt, M. Sheppard, H. S. Holt, W. H. May, Abel Horn, W. Williams. Co F. 1st Serg't A. N. Hendren, Private G. F. Graves, 2d Serg't H. C. Foster, W. G. Jones, 4th Serg't J. D. Ijames, S. G. Jones, 5th Serg't Jno. A. Nail, Z. C. Kurfees. 4th Corp'l Daniel Dwire, A. Sain, Private D. P. Burton, J. H. Stonestreet, N. E. Burton, A. C. Shives, A. Dayvault, Jr., G. W. Tutterrow, H. Foster, D. V. Vinagum. H. Galton, Co. G. 3d Serg't J. H. Kiel, Private G. W. Brown, 4th Serg't Ed. Andrews, W. F. Denton, 1st Corp'l W. E. Garrett, A. Garrett, 4th Corp'l S. H. Gay, H. D. Lilly, Parole List at Appomattox. 551 Private W. H. Adkins, Jas. Adkins, L. Adkins, Jno. Anderson, C. S. Brasswell, 1st Serg't J. M. Martin, 2d Serg't J. C. Ratliffe, 1st Corp'l S. W. Carter, 2d Corp'l A. Heggie, 3d Corp'l O. Joyce, 4th Corp'l S. Heggie, Private W. J. Heggie, R. K. Baughn, J. H. Belton, Jno. Basler, R. Covington, W. B. Carter, 1st Serg't T. Winchester, 1st Corp'l Ingram Rodes, 3d Corp'l E. R. Apple, Private H. Cox, H. B. Carter, J. M. Haynes, P. J. Hopkins, J. M. Henderson, D. Jones, 1st Serg't J. A. Jones, 2d Serg't J. W. Justice, 4th Serg't J. W. S. Guerrant, 2d Corp'l T. C. Harville, 4th Corp'l H. M. Harrison, Private J. Billings, G. H. Brincefield, D. C. Jones, Private E. Morriss, R. Mehagen, H. Parker, J. T. Rogers, J. R. Williams. Co. H. Private W. T. Denson, Thos. Delancey, S. F. Morphis, G. B. Morphis, M. T. Sparks, W. H. Stephens, J. R. Stephens, J. D. Terry, W. Y. Thomas, J. F. Thomas, T. F. Winston. Co. I. Private P. J. Leak, J. Y. McCollum, J. Rogers, G. W. Suits, P. D. Simpson, A. G. Stanly, B. Wall, E. R. Watlington. Co. K. Private Jno. Knott, F. H. Pritchett, T. J. E. Sartain, P. Summers, W. G. Tate, W. M. Walker, James Warren, John Wrenn. Total, 194. SIXTEENTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF AND BAND. Q. M. Serg't Acains Francis, Ord. Serg't Jesse S. Moore, Hos. Stew'd Alfred F. Hambright, Mus'n Franklin C. Ferguson, John E. Howard, Joseph P. Johnson, 552 ¦North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Com's'y Serg't. A. Sidney White, Mus'n John B. Miller, Color Serg't Emanuel Rudisill, Mus'n Harrison .Benson, George W. Barnett, James G. Cochran, David L. Miller, William B. Plemmons, William P. Reece. 1st Serg't Zachariah Peek, Private Samuel J. Milliken, Private James Allen, 1st Sergt W. Thomas Goode, 3d Serg't James P. Burgess, 4th Serg't Loraine W. Griffin, Private Amos Bailey, Thomas Jenkins, Pinkney Martin, Private Thomas Causley, William Causley, John W. Duckworth, John B. Giles, Private Moses M. Blackwell, John Auldred, Daniel W. Green, Corp'l Andrew S. Smith, Private Robert S. Callahan, John C. Camp, Elisha Cole, Daniel B. Dallas, John P. Eaves, Charles C. Hawkins, 2d Serg't James P. Patton, Private Isaac T. Bradley, Philip A. Roberts, Henry Saunders, 1st Serg't H. King Rucker, Private Love Jones, 2d Serg't John Ellison, Private John P. Corn, Co. B. Private Dickerson Whitmel. Co. C. Private Charles W. Rector. Co. D. Private S. Owens Raymond, Samuel Harrell, James T. Splann, John Sutton, Aaron N. Wall. Co. E. Private William Huffman, Robert P. Pearson, Henry Goens. Co. F. Private James E. Sluder, Ozias S. Wilson. Co. G. Private Jos. McD. Jay, William H. M. Jay, John E. Justice, Joseph Steadman, Joshua Steadman, Francis D. Wood. Co. H. Private Thomas S. Saunders, Moses Smith, Lewis Sorrell. Co. I. Private Leander F. Taylor. Co. K. Private Griffin Johnson, Mathew W. Corn. Parole List at Appomattox. 553 4th Serg't Leonidas S. White, Private Peter Eaker, Michael Havner, Philip Havner, James P. Hooper, Adolphus Harris, Noah Kiser, Co. M. Private Samuel Mauney, Isaac W. Robinson, Wiley M. Rudisill, James L. Stowe, Abram Stowe, Marcus S. Withers. Total, 83. TWENTY-SECOND NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Q. M. Serg't A. B. Gallaway, Hos. Steward J. T. Read, Ord. Serg't G. L. Russell. Co. . A. 1st Serg't M. M. Deal, Private L. Holder, 2d Serg't P. Barlow, P. J. Keller, 3d Serg't P. G. McCreary, S. J. Knight, 4th Serg't J. N. Stallings, John Munday, 5th Serg't J. G. Sherrill, John Payne, Corp'l A. J. Deal, E. L. Moon, Private R. B. Clark, H. Sherrill,' W. F. Fowler, J. L. Sherrill, W. O. Helan, H. H. Stallings, F. S. Harper, Harper Knight. Co . B. 1st Serg't A. L. Finley, Private G. P. Finley, 3d Serg't W. M. James, G. C. Finley, Bugler R. J. James, George Nash, Private W. D. Bracket, W. S. Weston. Co. E. 1st Serg't M. W. Wyrick, Private J. Donald, 2d Serg't A. A. Gordon, W. M. Grissom, Private J. W. Andrew, G. W. Holt, Geo. W. Buchanan, J. R. Jackson, J. C. Clark, J. W. Jackson, B. Cobb, A. R. Jackson, J. H. Copeland, W. C. May. Co. F. Private C. Wiley, Private J. Marius, W. Austin, A. Wolf, John Fender, R. Osborne, George West, Geo. W. Richardson, 554 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. 1st Serg't M. R. Sartin, 2d Serg't W. D. Page, 3d Serg't R. S. Rogers, 4th Serg't W. L. Page, Private J. B. Burton, Private R. G. Martin, J. M, Joyce, W. J. Wilkins, 1st Serg't T. J. Wood, 2d Serg't W. R. Aired, 1st Corp'l N. E. Lamb, Private John Heileg, A. L. McLaurin, 3d Serg't W. Blackburn, Private J. H. Justice, W. G. Bailey, R. T. Vaughan, 1st Serg't C. M. Vestal, 1st Corp'l Allen Scott, Private J. Creasman, Private L. D. Sloat, A. J. Parker, David Wright, J. Foust, Co. G. Private L. Lane, A. J. Roades, J. M. Silvey, S. Sartin, Co. H. Private J. H. Sisk, F. Sisk. Co. I. Private J. W. Heath, R. R. Thompson, A. J. Winningham, M. Burns. Co. K. Private R. Warren, H. Joyce, C. D. Rhoderick, W. G. Bailey. Co. L. Private W. M. Pike, J. M. Thomas, C. C. Jones. Co. M. Private Joseph York, J. L. York, W. Allridge. Total, 97. THIRTY-FOURTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF AND BAND. Serg't-Maj. Charles B. Todd, Hosp'l Stew'd Birchet T. Twitty, Q. M. Serg't Willis W. Hargrove, Musician Champion Allen. Ord. Serg't Harrison H. Rickerts, Serg't James C. Miller, Corp'l Solomon Pless, Private John Rupe, John Koone, Co. A. Private Joseph Humby, George W. Dean, Jacob Bare, Elbert J. Wiles, Parole List at Appomattox. 555 Co. B. 1st Serg't Doctor N. Hamrick, Private 2d Serg't Washington W. Bridges, Private Samuel T. Allen, William Brooks, Samuel Bridges, Elijah Blanton, James Blanton, John Beam, Daniel A. Bowen, David Crater, Joel J. Daily, Serg't Joseph W. Wilson, Noah H. P. Whitesides Corp'l Humphrey P. Lynch, Private William Anderson, Stanhope H. Bagwell, Co. C. Private Serg't Phillip A. Sloop, Private Joseph A. Douglass, John C. Woodside, John H. McLaughlin, David Z. Gray, James K. Gay, Serg't Marcus A. Holly, Ben. F. Carpenter, Corp'l Devany Putnam, George Fulbright, Private Pinkney J. Huss, John Kizer, Peter Kearner, 1st Serg't William F. White, Corp'l Albert J. Borders, Drury D. Price, Private David H. Beam, Henry J. Borders, William Crotts, James M. Davis, Jacob T. Earls, Robert A. Fortenburg, John C. Gantt, John C. Haynes, James H. Lattimore, Co. D. Private Robert A. Durham, Anselm N. Duycus, Joseph C. Gettys, Nathan S. Harrill, John H. Harrill, James A. Harrill, Amos Hamrick, David Hoge, William A. Jones, Joseph J. McDaniel, William A. Sparks. William H. Elliott, Martin C. Forrester, Cebern S. Lynch, Henry London. Miles S. Jamison, Ezekial W. McCall, George Thompson, George W. Peacock, James C. Lowrance. Co. E. Private Zimri Kizer, Henry H. Long, Jesse Russ, David Reid, Jacob Dellinger, George J. Conner. Co F. Private Jesse R. Lattimoi Andrew J. London, Isaac Mooney, Andrew Peeler, Doctor D. Peeler, Samuel L. Putnam, Miles A. Stroup, Joshua Vandike, Adam Whisnant, Newton Wright, John C. Canipe, Noah Wright. 556 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Serg't Thomas A. Johnson, Private Scott B. Hutchison, Columbus Abernathy, William Brotherton, Alexander S. Beaty, Alfred Cathey, Franklin C. Downs, Andrew M. Fox, John M. Hipp, Moses S. Hovis, John T. Johnson, 1st Serg't James D. Wesson, 2d Serg't John T. Howell, Corp'l, Richard T. Morris, Private David Allen, William Cosand, David R. Houffstichler, John H. Hendricks, Serg't John L. McDowell, Thomas L. Carson, Private William Blanton, Robert Crisp, Miles W. Flinn, Joseph C. Hinson, Private Eli Crawford, Dewitt C. Hall, Peter P. Milsaps, Co. G. Private Isaac M. Johnson, Ezekiel King, John S. Lawing, Thadeus C. McGathy, Thomas T. McGhee, George W. Rosick, William F. Smith, John W. Todd, David S. Todd, Lawson N. Todd, David L. Todd. Co. H. Private William Howell, Robert Smith, James F. Seism, John T. Williams, Robert H. Wear, William Wear, James P. Francis. Co. I. Private James B. Hawkins, Lewis Humphries, Burell B. Harris, John Hutson, Decatur S. Smith. Co. K. Private George W. Reid, John W. Walker, Leonard Crawford. Total, 145. THIRTY-EIGHTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Serg't-Major John R. Wallace, 1st Serg't Wm. F. Pearsall, 2d Serg't Merrill W. Brown, 3d Serg't John W. Pearsall, 4th Serg't Thomas Phillips, 5th Serg't Willis T. Gresham, Hos. Steward David Y. Cooper. Co. A. Private John Hall, Hamilton Helnistitle, Martial B. Jones, Alexander D. McGowen, Geo. W. Middleton, Parole List at Appomattox. 557 1st Corp'l Wm. M. Hurst, 3d Corp'l John Q. McGowen, 4th Corp'l C. C. Frederick, Private Christopher C. Boney, Wm. H. Boon, John W. Gresham, Corp'l Jas. L. Veach, Private Hardy R. Bizzell, David D. Collins, M. C. M, Martin, Private Hayward Butler, William Glissen, Murdock D. Murchison Jos. A. Pope, 2d Serg't Nathan J. King, 5th Serg't Francis A. Clifton, Private James King, Wm. McCullen, Bermudas McSwain, Private Jas. F. Gay, Henry C. Hinton, 3d Serg't Alfred M. Hedrick, 4th Corp'l Daniel Shook, Private Jas. A. Faucett, David Hoffman, Burrell Hoffman, Marcus Hunsucker, 1st Serg't Leander R. Conally, 2d Serg't Calvin J. Deal, 3d Corp'l Samuel J. Ellis, Mus'n Robt. C. Lacky, Private John S. Bradshaw, David H. Brantly, John W. Boyd, Eli Brown, Miles M. Clay, Cyrus Drum, Wm. H. Evans, Jas. W. Evans, Ingram A. Gill, Private David M. Pearsall, Jesse Sanderlin, John R. Southerland, Henry Sullivan, Bryan Thomas, William Thomas. Co. B. Private Co. C. Private Co. D. Private Daniel W. Millican, Henry B. Pool, Geo. C. Poplin, Wm. R. Sprinkle. Wm. H. H. Pope, Robt. M. Ratchford, Benjamin Sutton, Lewis Sutton. Lewis McClenny, Edward G. Ramsour, Wm. D. Stepntns, Ephraim Shipp, John A. Weeks. Co. E. Private Alexander Mclntire. Co. F. Private John C. Hedrick, Dayid Hollar, Lawson Lazel, Franklin Shook. Devault Sigman, Alfred Setzer. Co. G. Private Thos. C. Flowers, Sam'l W. Hines, Jas. W. Lacky, John W. Lacky, Thos. H. Lacky, Moses T. Lacky, Chealey E. Ledbetter, Robt. K. Murdaugh, Isaac R. Perry, Jas. D. Patterson, Henry M. Poplin, Richard Robbins. 558 North Carolina Troops, l861-'65. 1st Serg't Wm. W. Andrews, Private John C. Campbell, Wm. A. Ingram, Co. H. Private Co. I. Private 2d Serg't Francis M. Bridges, Corp'l Jas. S. Elliott, Private Wm. P. Crowder, Thomas Costner, Co. K. 1st Corp'l Alexander C. Graham, Private 2d Corp'l Alexander Arnett, Private Geo. H. Askew, Wiley H. Brantly, Brigade total, 92 officers, Alsim J. Kearns Jesse M. Provo. Elkanah Davis, William Langsing, Hardin E. Tucker. Neil Graham, David T. Grady, Dan'l J. McLaurin, Duncan McRae. Total, 110. 629 men. Parole List at Appomattox. 559 RANSOM'S BRIGADE. M. W. Ransom, Brig.-Gen'l. R. B. Peebles, Capt. and A. A. G. John Farrell, Capt. and A. Q. M. Geo. B. Barnes, Capt. and A. Q. M. J. H. Blakemore, Lt. and Ord. Officer. Total, 5. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. Clarence A. Fripp, Ass't Surg. 2 -1th N. C. T. H. M. Rutledge, Col. 25th N. C. T. M. N. Love, Lt.-Col. 25th N. C. T. Jos. R. Byers, 1st Lt. Co. H. 25th N. C. T. Thos. J. Young, Capt. Co. H, 25 th N. C. T. P. K. Mull, 2d Lt. Co. E, 25th Reg't. N. C. T. John B. Edney, 2d Lt. Co. A, 25th N. C. T. F. N. Luckey, Surg. 25th N. C. T. B. S. Watkins, Ass't Surg. 25th N. C. T. R. E. Petty, Maj. 35th N. C. T. Chas. Jas. O'Hagan, Surg. 35th N. C. T. H. W. Harris, Capt. Co. E, 35th N. C. T. T. S. Marks, Lt. Co. D, 35th N. C. T. Philip J. Johnson, Capt. Co. K, 35th N. C. T. C. R. Petty, Maj. 49th N. C. T. J. N. Torrence, Capt. Co. H, 49th N. C. T. J. J. Maginnis, Capt. Co. B, 49th N. C. T. C. Duffy, Jr., Surg. 49th N. C. T. H. A. Chambers, Capt. Co. C, 49th N. C. T. James H. Sherrill, Capt. Co. I, 49th N. C. T. S. H. Elliott, 1st Lt. Co. F, 49th N. C. T. S. R. Neall, 2d Lt. Co. F, 49th N. C. T. W. A. Barrett, 2d Lt. Co. D, 49 th N. C. T. Eli Whisnant, 2d Lt. Co. A, 49th N. C. T. R. H. Goode, Ass't Surg. 49th N. C. T. P. F. Faison, Col. 56th N. C. T. M. J. DeRosset, Surg. 56th N. C. T. C. G. Cox, Ass't Surg. 56th N. C. T. Thos. P. Savilles, Capt. Co. A, 56th N. C. T. Jno. F. McNeely, Capt. Co. K, 56th N. C. T. B. D. Lane, 1st Lt. Co. G, 56th N. C. T. W. P. Bray, 2d Lt. Co. C, 56th N. C. T. P. H. Gross, 2d Lt. Co. I, 56th N. C. T. Robt. D. Graham, Capt. Co. D, 56th N. C. T. J. W. Johnson, 1st Lt. and Drill Master. Total, 35. 560 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. TWENTY-FOURTH NORTH CAROLINA REGIMENT. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Q. M. Serg't Chas. G. Kane, Co. F. C. Serg't. Alex. Drayford, Co. B, Hosp. Steward Wm. Bell, Co. F. Private Henry Crabtree, Wm. Rhen, Private Jacob Gully, Private Robt. Allen, Private Sam'l Brady, Private Arthur Core, Edward Currie, Private Wm. T. Davis, J. B. McCallum, M. M. McCormick, M. M. Mclver, Robt. G. McNair, Private J. W. Ellison, Wm. B. Jones, Chas.-T. Weede, S. M. Oakley, John F. Morris, John L. Allen, Private Jackson Barber, Kimmon Barber, W. A. Bell, Serg't A. J. Stallings, Lion Home, Private W. S. Cottrill, G. W. Harris, G. H. Dodd, Co. A. Private John Wilkerson, Johnson Davis. Co. C. Private John Barnes. Co. D. Private W. J. Teal. Co. E. Private Calvin R. Toler. Co. F. Private R. Salmon, Jethro Robinson. Co. G. Private Robt. A. McLean, Neill McRae, Wm. A. Smith, Jos. Reagan, Robt. Hurst. Co. H. Private Wm. Cheek, Wm. R. Stuart, John C. Neill, Wm. H. Snipes, Durell Clarke. Co. I. Private John Jones, Wm. H. Lassiter, A. D. Heritage. Co. K Private W. L. Williams, Jas. D. Woody, Jas. A. Privett, Laban T. Denton, Ed. C. Denton. Total, 54. Parole List at Appomattox. 561 twenty-fifth north carolina regiment. non-commissioned staff. C. S. Serg't Robt. Smiley, Co. A, Hosp. Steward Julius M. Young, Q. M. Serg't C. A. Jones, Co. G, Co. D. Private Jas. P. Sawyer, John H. Byers, Thos. A. Edney, Spencer M. Freeman, Thomas J. Enloe, John L. Becknell, Serg't Elbert Brown, Private John G. Allison, Wm. P. Allison. Private Sam'l Best, David A. Allen, Private David M. Russell, Allen Reddin, Serg't Rich. L. Fortune, Private Ben. J. Wilson, Ben. B. Barton, F. P. Cantrill, Mat. Gillespie, Private J. D. Fincannon, H. Henrick, Wm. M. Long, Leonard Shevenell, Geo. W. Senter, John F. Watson, James W. Fipp, Private Norris Allison, Richard Allison, Felix C. Carland, Wm. Dempsey, 36 Co. A. Private Jas. H. Maxwell, Sol. B. Williams, John W. Head, Robt. A. Freeman, John T. Freeman, Humphrey Connor. Co. B. Private Braxton Muse, John B. Allison, Levi J. Matthews, Co. C. Private Elijah Sorrell, N. David Fry. Co. D. Private Porter R. Murrell, Co. E. Private Jacob King, Jno. Hollingsworth, Jas. P. Holden, H. B. Pettit, Wm. C. Hamilton. Co. G. Private Clinton A. Jones, James T. McDonald, Wm. C. Stamey, Robt. Powell, Isaac Fincannon, Henry Henrick, Wm. J. Price. Co. H. Private Thos. R. Leister, James M. Plumlee, Benj. Pinner. 562 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Private M. D. Luther, Wm. T. Henson, J. W. Rice, Private Jas. M. Patterson, Jas. Williams, Robt. W. Lankford, Co. I. Private J. M. Pettit, Thos. Green. Co. K. Private John F. Dillingham, Gideon H. Williams. Total, 69. thirty-fifth north carolina regiment. non-commissioned staff. Serg't-Major T. A. Webster, Q. M. Serg't J. R. Jones, Private W. Jarman, E. M. Coston, Private J. W. Pettiway, A. G. Condrey, J. V. Condrey, T. P. England, J. C. Ervin, Corp'l H. A. Currie, Private H. H. Smith, John McLeod, Serg't Jos. H. Mann, J. H. Groce, Mus'n J. H. Gunter, J. W. Oldham, J. B. Farrar, W. J. Thrailkill, Private A. Bullard, A. Council, Serg't J. J. Lawson, Corp'l J. F. Winstead, Private W. M. Blalock, Com. Serg't S. C. Humphreys, Hosp. Steward P. D. Lassiter. Co. A. Private L. Jarman. Co. B. Private S. G. Giles, J. Henley, N. Finley, Wm. A. Jarr.itt, T. J. Thomson. Co. C. Private Hugh Moore, J. A. McDonald, Wes. Jackson. Co. D. Private R. Cotton, W. R. Drake, M. L. Fitchet, J. C. Ragan, William Stevens, G. W. Sloan, R. B. Webster. Co. E. Private J. M. Gentry, Richard Long, Wm. M. Long, Parole List at Appomattox. 563 Private John Bolin, Lee Bolin, A. J. Clayton, S. D. Clayton, B. J. Denney, A. M. Denney, William Evans, Private J. P. Broom, S. W. Craige, R. B. Martin, Mus'n D. F. Batson, J. A. Taylor, Private J. R. Benfield, R. B. Cochran, J. M. Hunter, S. E. Morris, J. H. Hood, M. H. Jordan, J. C. Kirk, J. J. Mason, W. A. Biggers, M. A. Wilson, Serg't S. F. Worrell, T. R. Talton, Private John Cotton, Serg't Wm. A. Wilson, Private L. D. Abernathy, B. F. Arney, J. P. Arney, J. Britton, H. H. Childers, W. P. Deitz, J. A. Deaton, J. A. Hook, W. P. Icard, Private D. A. O'Bryen, W. H. Thomas, George Tilman, B. C. Vaughn, R. S. Welch, B. C. Walters, James Walker. Co. F. Private J. A. Morris, J. W. Fowler, P. W. Keziah. Co. G. Mus'n B. K. Bedingfield, J. M. Shepherd. Co. H. Private J. M. McEwen, D. W. Morris, R. S. McRae, D. S. Newell, T. E. Pucket, William Petree, W. J. Taylor, D. H. McCall, S. E. Howie. Co. I. Private Daniel Lancaster, Thomas Ward. Co. K. Private W. A. Langbridge, Joe Murrell, J. A. Pearson, John Stafford, J. P. Whitener, J. R. Webb, W. C. Fount, A. A. Toder, H. Zimmerman. Total, 111. 564 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. forty-ninth north carolina regiment. non-commissioned staff. C. S. Serg't J. B. White, Co. H, Q. M. Serg't Jas. R. Holland Co. H, Hosp. Steward H. Hall, Co. H. Serg't R. N. Moore, Private J. M. Morrison, E. P. Guffy, W. Sherrill, Serg't S. P. McGinnis, Private J. L. Lattimore, G. Byerly, Private Isaac Lesley, J. H. Robinson, R. L. Benson, Jos. C. Graham, Jesse Skeen, Private Ed. B. Caddell, H. B. Kelly, J. J. Long, Private W. F. Clover, Nelson Lewis, Serg't J. A. Ezzell, Corp'l J. E. Henagan, J. R. Dunn, M. D. Squires, J. I. Harkey, Private Noah Black, Wm. Black, John Crenshaw, Private S. A. Black, L. A. Camr, J. H. Earl?, T. A. Francis Co. A. Private Wm. Patton, B. M. Mann, Wm. L. Jones. Co. B. Private M. Everhart, M. Y. Clarke. Co. C. Private Wm. Johnson, T. L. Thomson, B. T. Thomson, John Terrell. Co. D. Private R. A. Love, M. S. McDonald, T. C. Redden. Co. E. Private R. H. Albright, J. T. Farris. Co. F. Private H. H. Davis, D. E. Harkey, J. W. Hawfield, W. H. Newby, L. M. Pierce, J. W. Wolf, H. B. McAllister. Co. G. Private A. J. Gibbons, Thos. Harden, David Sanders, Wm. Wray, Parole List at Appomattox. 565 Corp'l E. W. Carson, Private S. M. Wilson, J. J. Wilson, E. S. Costner, G. P. Clemmer, A. T. Ford, J. H. Ford, A. J. Gamble, W. J. Henderron, J. W. Henderson, Private Thomas Drum, Philip Drum, Rufus Drum, John Harvell, Elbert Harvell, S. N. Lorance Private H. Kanipe, J. J. Davis, Wm. Daugherty, Thos. Trammell, Co. H. Private H. P. McCarver, J. E. McCarver, S. M. Robinson, T. L. Payne, B. K. Teague, Wm. Wilson, W. C. P. Warren, W. D. Martin, J. B. Rhyne. Co. I. Private Robt. Lee, Wm. Holdsclaw, Tate Powell, Andrew PoweU, Pink Setzer. James Davis. Co. K. Private T. L. Turner, Jas. Ledford, Thos. Bess. Total, 95. fifty-sixth north carolina regiment. non-commissioned staff. Com. Serg't S. P. Mullen, Q. M. Serg't W. W. Graves, Private H. A. Dudley, William Gallop, Jacob Goble, John Grier, Private Calvin Culbreth, Private H. M. Luter, Duncan Parish, Dorsey Relph, Hosp. Steward Bailey Buie. Co. A. Private J. Q. Homer, J. C. Hughes, John Sawyer. Co. B. Private R. M. Everett. Co. C. Private B. J. Sears, Lerus Williams. 566 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Corp'l J. Faucette, Private A. J. Gordon, E. Gates, Joseph Jacobs, Private J. M. Herndon, Francis Lucas, William Morris, M. Price, Private William Chitwood, J. C. Finch, R. W. Gardner, Private Elic Barberry, E. Carland, Chas. F. Davis, Private John Chisenhall, L. H. Dunnavant, W. F. Lackey, Private J. D. Jones, J. G. Horton, M. D. Savells, W. R. Smart, Private J. M. Alexander, James Allison, J. A. De Armond, Joel Mable, Co. D. Private James Roberts, Thomas Roberts, Thomas Taylor, Llewellyn Taylor. Co. E. Private Wade Price, J. L. Scoggins, W. D. Vickers. Co. F. Private Frank Lutz, Philip Spake. Co. G. Private J. B. Holiingsworth, Robert Smith, Co. H. Private David May, Jas. T. Mitchell. Co. I. Private O. D. Brice, G. L. Lovelace, R. H. Wall, Jonas Womack. Co. K. Private J. R. Oliphant, W. B. Osborne, J. F. Sloan. Total, 62. Brigade total, 40 officers, 391 men. Parole List at Appomattox. 567 CAVALRY. BARRINGER'S BRIGADE. Jas. L. Gaines, Lt.-Col. 2d Cav. Edward M. Jordan, Adjutant 2d Cav. Total, 2 officers. (Note — There were also 21 privates of this brigade paroled but by some means their names are omitted. Vol. 4 of this work, p. 96. — Ed.) ROBERTS' BRIGADE. W. P. Roberts, Brigadier-General Total, 1 officer. (Note — There were 5 officers and 88 men in this brigade paroled, 95 Off. Rec. Union and Confed. Armies, 1186, but by some means only General Rob erts' name appears on the Parole List. — Ed. ) ARTILLERY. MANLY'S BATTERY, CO. A, TENTH N. C. T. (FIRST ARTILLERY.) S. A. Andrews, Manly's Battery. Jackson Baker, Manly's Battery. W. H. Baker, Manly's Battery. J. W. Flowers, Manly's Battery. Total, 4 men. Note. — These four men were on detailed duty. The rest of the battery escaped without surrendering. See Vol. 1, of this work, page 560. — Ed.) WILLIAMS' BATTERY, CO. C, TENTH N. C. T. (FIRST ARTILLERY.) Dr. W. R. Capehart, Surgeon of Poague's Battalion. Arthur B. Williams, Capt. Thomas L. Seigle, 2d Lieut. Henry A. Albright, 2d Lieut. 1st Serg't R. V. Gudger, 1st Corp'l D. H. McLean, 2d Serg't R. L. Chapman, 2d Corp'l W. W. Shelly, 3d Serg't M. Chapman, 3d Corp'l M. S. Cansler, 4th Serg't W. A. Williams. Private J. Abernathy, Private Thos. N. Needham, W. Beatty, R. R. Newton, J. D. Beatty, John Peeler, H. Buff, R. G. Peoples, W. Brackett, Edwd. Jenkins, A. D. Cochran. Aaron Jenkins, W. F. Chapman, Sam'l Jenkins, 568 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Private Richard Harrell, J. H. Connell, Seth Dunlap, James Burns, M. H. Dobbins, Augustus Farley, B. Gregg, W. G. Hoover, Jno. L. Hinkle, R. B. Hunter, D. Havener, D. Johnson, J. B. Kerr, D. P. Hoyle, Frances Kerr, Jno. Ledford, R. A. McCorklo, J. A. McKay, S. McKinney, John Moad, J. H. Mcllhany, W. B. McCaslin, John T. Thon, Wm. S. Wells, Joseph Hoffman, Private J. D. Williams, J. M. Roberts, Sam'l Stark, W. E. Shaw, J. W. Underwood, J. R. Underwood, J. P. Underwood, Robt. Underwood, Frank West, John Yancey, G. W. Smith, F. Canipe, D. Fallant, W. K. Nants, W. R. Nants, Alfred Baldwin, J. Yount, John Queeny, R. R. Davoust, G. L. Wade, A. J. Cochrane, Joseph Green, James Marshall, Mayfield Moltz, Total, 4 officers, 70 men, RAMSAY'S BATTERY", CO. D, TENTH N. C. T. (FIRST ARTILLERY. Jesse F. Woodard, 1st Lt., one horse. Edwin W. Wilcox, 1st Serg't. Henry S. S. Cooper, Q. M. Serg't. James A. Gorman, Serg't. Private Robert Alman, William F. Bunn, Allen Daughtry, Thaddeus Downing, Robert Barnhart, John Everett, Constant Hall, Daniel Hartman, William Holland, John Honbager, James M. Howell, Thomas Hyde, Private Joseph Morgan, Andrew J. Jones, Caleb A. Miller, Mark Parker, Alfred L. Peeler, Daniel Peeler, Jeremiah Pierce, Otho M. Porter, Andrew J. Ruth, Silas Shepherd, Alexander Turner, George W. Watkins. Officers Commissioned, 1; Non-Commissioned 3; Private? 24. A portion of this company were captured on the march from Rich mond. Parole List at Appomattox. 569 CUMMINGS' BATTERY, CO. C, THIRTEENTH N. C. BATTALION. A. D. Brown, 2nd Lieutenant. Total, 1 officer. FLANNER'S BATTERY, CO. F, THIRTEENTH N. C. BATTALION. Henry G. Flanner, Capt. James A Collins, 2nd Lieutenant. Bennett Flanner, Jr., 2d Lieut. R. S. Greene, Serg't Flanner's Batt. Total, 3 officers, 1 man. (Bv some accident the men of these two companies are omitted, as are all of Miller's Battery (Co. E, loth Regiment), see Vol. 1, p. 582 —Ed.) SUNDRY. COMPANY G, 61ST VA., (WEISIGER'S BRIGADE.)' Capt. R. E. Mosely, W. F. Bough, 1st Lieut, 1st Serg't P. F. Howell, Private A. Ivey, Corp'l G. W. Collins, P. Lee, Private K. Cobb, J. Mulder, R. H. Cobb, J. L. Nicholson, A. Hawkins, E. Reese, W. H. Harrison, T. Tutor. Total, 2 officers, 12 men. (Note. — This was a North Carolina company from Halifax and North ampton counties. — Ed.) COMPANY E, TENTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY (BEALE'S CAVALRY BRIGADE.) Private L. G. Heye, Private D. A. Spaugh, J. A. Mock B. R. Van Eaton. Total, 4. (Note.— This was a North Carolina Company from Davidson, Rowan and Davie. — Ed ) PROVOST GUARD SECOND CORPS. 1st Serg't Benjamin A. Knox, Co. B, 4th N. C, Benjamin L. Butler, Co. C, 30th N. C. Octavius Atkinson, Co. E, 43d N. C. Corporal William C. Batts, Co. B, 2d N. C. John Scott, Co. E, 5th N. C. Kedar J. Ballard, Co. C, 5th N. C. James R. McPherson, Co. A. 5th N. C. John W. Lee, Co. G, 14th N. C. Marshall M. Harrelson, Co. D, 20th N. C. John C. Johnson, Co. B, 20th N. C. William Eubanks, Co. I, 32d N. C. Hos. Stew'd Chauncey S. Pomeroy. 570 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. < Private Simon Moore, Co. B, 2d N. C. Jacob Williams, Co. H, 2d N. C. Robert J. Flake, Co. F, 2d N. C. John T. Warren, Co. E, 2d N. C. Sumpter A. Hoover, Co. C, 4th N. C. Robert Q. Holmes, Co. C, 4th N. C. James Johnson, Co. A, 4th N. C. Benjamin H. Lancaster, Co. F, 4th N. C. Wiley Johnson, Co. A, 5th N. C. Joseph M. Guilford, Co. D, 5th N. C. William Whitaker, Co. F, 5th N. C. John C. Basinger, Co. D, 5th N. C. Fleming C. Fletcher, Co. I, 12th N. C. John H. Neal, Co. F, 12th N. C. John A. Pitman, Co. H, 12th N. C. Marcus Setzer, Co. A, 12th N. C. Theodrick Redford, Co. K, 13th N. C. Hampton B. Hammond, Co. C, 14th N. C. Leary Young, Co. I, 14th N. C. Alexander C. Teel, Co. C, 14th N. C. Coleman J. Hudson, Co. H, 20th N. C. James McAlpine, Co. F, 20th N. C. George C. Goodman, Co. A, 20th N. C. Norfleet C. Cash, Co. E, 23d N. C. William J. Hinton, Co. G. 23d N. C. Richard G. Proctor, Co. K, 23d N. C. William L. Smith, Co. H, 23d N. C. William E. Brown, Co. B, 30th N. C. May M. Massey, Co. D, 30th N. C. William Vines. Co. C, 30th N. C. R. B. Pegram, Co. D, 30th N. C. Robert D. Beltch, Co. D, 32d N. C. Joseph F. Bynun, Co. G, 32d N. C. Joseph Griffin, Co. H, 32d N. C. Madison M. Long, Co. K, 32d N. C. Lafayette N. Brown, Co. A, 43d N. C. John Dees, Co. I, 43d N. C. James Stallings, Co. G, 43d N. C. Thos. J. Ashcroft. Co. I. 53d N. C. Madison Chamberlain, Co. G, 53d N. C. Albertus W. Clark, Co. B, 53d N. C. William Ingold, Co. F. 53d N. C. James McDaniel, Co. D, 53 rd N. C. Lafayette Shepherd, Co. A, 53d N. C. Alfred Stewart, Co. H, 53d N. C. C. H. Wilson, Co. I, 54th N. C. Total, 58. Parole List at Appomattox. 571 INVALID BATTALION COMMANDED BY LIEUTENANT BENJAMIN BATES. Serg't J. M. Page, Co. L, 8th N. C. H. Cunningham, Co. B, 27th N. C. B. M. Nicholson, Co. C, 46th N. C. Private W. Coffey, Co. F, 1st N. C. L. H. Evans, Co. K, 2d N. C. S. Zoller, Co. H, 2d N. C. T. H. Brachen, Co. H, 5th N. C. T. Kelley Co. C, 5th N. C. E. Butler, Co. D, 11th N. C. J. Allen, Co. A, 15th N. C. S. J. Milliken, Co. B, 16th N. C. J. F. Kell, Co. H, 18th N. C. J. Starling, Co. C, 18th N. C. E. Ricks, Co. F, 18th N. C. E. Henderson, Co. C, 18th N. C. W. M. Wedington, Co. F, 20th N. C. J. Huffman, Co. A, 21st N. C. S. Kirkland, Co. G., 28th N. C. J. L. Green, Co. H, 28th N. C. E. Staley, Co. H, 30th N. C. S. L. Dickinson, Co. K, 30th N. C. L. H. Carter Co. D, 33d N. C. J. W. Brown, Co. F, 37th N. C. J. F. Moore, Co. E, 41st N. O. (3d Cav). D. R. Mustin, Co. G, 43d N. C. N. R. Waters, Co. E, 48th N. C. J. J. Bruel, Co. I, 53d N. C. J. T. Montgomery Co. A, 53d N. C. P. C. Butts, Co. K, 54th N. C. N. W. Higginbotham, conscript, assigned to light duty. W. T. Miller, conscript, assigned to light duty. W. Koffman, Co. D, Thomas' Legion. Total, 50. DETAILED. With Quartermaster Anderson's Corps. Henry H. Moore, Teamster Co. H, 8th N. C. T. William W. Sherrod, Ambulance Driver Co. G, 17th N. C. T. Geo. W. Alexander, Teamster Co. H, 35th Reg't N. C. T. William A. James, Teamster Co. D, 42d N. C. T. Geo. W. Hafner, Teamster Co. K, 49th N. C. T. Emanuel Houser, Blacksmith, Co. K, 49th Reg't N. C. T. William Loftin, Ambulance Driver Co. E, 66th N. C. T. 572 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. With G. W. Shell, Quartermaster Headquarters. Pleasant Hutchison, Co. H, 22d N. C. T. Jas. Farmer, Co. A, 45th N. C. In Ordnance Reserve Department. Private Jesse W. Lassiter, Co. H, 30th X. C. Troops. In Medical Purveyor's Department. Private N. C. Summers, Co. C, 4th N. C. Reg't, Q. M. Serg't, Peter Heavner, Co. E, 34th N. C. Reg't, Teamster. D. Reid, Co. E, 34th N. C. Reg't, Teamster. Total, 13. PAROLED BY MAJOR D. E. BRIDGFORD, PROVOST MARSHAL A. N. V. Sundry paroled by Maj. D. B. Bridgford, Provost Marshal A. N. V. Alexander Crews, 2d Lt. Co. G, 30 th X. C. B. B. Singletary, Surgeon 45th N. C. A. H. Galloway, Maj. and Q. M. Scales' Brig. J. H. McAden, Surgeon, Scales' Brig. T. H. Cameron, 1st Lt. C. S. M. C. B. J. Smith, 1st Lt. Co. G, 4th N. C. D. L. Stafford, Co. F, 2d N. C. W. C. Mills, Co. I, 7th N. C. W. T. Cole, Co. B, 7th N. C. W. C. Palmer, Co. D, 7th N. C. W. O. Serralt, Co. D, 14th N. C. Total, 6 officers, 5 men. PAROLED BY CAPTAIN F. C. COX. Enlisted men of different commands belonging to the Army of Northern Virginia, who were not present with their commands for parole, but afterwards paroled by Captain F. C. Cox, A. A. G. Wm. George, Co. G. 1st N. C. T. Jno. McDonnall. Co. u. 3d X. C. T. A. Jones, Co. F. 6th X. C. T. W. L. Huffman, Co. A, 12th X. C. T. J. T. Kirkpatrick, Co. B, 13th N. C. T. M. W. Snow, Co. I, 18th N. C. T. H. W. N. Owenby, Co. A, 25th X. C. T. W. G. Hamilton, Co. D, 26th X. C. T. J. W. Maybury, Co. A, 1st X. C. Art. H. L. Shore, Co. B, 1st N. C. Batt. James P. Dwiggens, Co. H, 63d N. C. (5th Cav.) Total, 11. Total, Cavalry, Artillery and Sundry, 20 officer?, 255 men. Omitted, Barringer's Brigade, 21 men. " Roberts' Brigade, 4 officers, SS men. THE APPOMATTOX PAROLE LIST. By THE EDITOR. At the surrender at Appomattox this State had nine in fantry brigades (containing 42 regiments and 2 battalions) and 2 cavalry brigades (containing 6 regiments) and six batteries of artillery. A little more than three months be fore two other North Carolina brigades, Kirkland and Cling man, in Hoke's Division, had been withdrawn from this army and sent under General Hoke to the defence of Wilmington and on 26 February the Seventh regiment, in Lane's Bri gade, had been sent on detached service to North Carolina. The infantry brigades were Cox and Grimes in Grimes' Division and Johnston and Lewis in Early's Division, both in the Second Corps commanded by' Major-General Jno. B. Gordon ; Cooke and MacRae in Heth's Division and Lane and Scales in Wilcox's Division in the Third Corps, and Ran som's Brigade in Johnson's Division, Anderson's Corps. We also had Barringer's and Roberts' Brigades in W. H. F. Lee's Division in the Cavalry Corps. The above 11 brigades (adding in Grimes' staff) surren dered 462 officers and 4,210 men, according to 95 Vol. (serial) Off. Rec. Union and Confed. Armies, pp. 1277, 1278. See also Vol. 4 of this work at pp. 441, 442. Besides above 9 brigades of infantry and 2 of cavalry, North Carolina had at Appomattox six batteries of ar tillery, i. e. Flanner's and Ramsey's in Haskell's Battalion, First Corps ; Williams' and Manly's in Poague's Battalion in the Third Corps, and Cumming's and Miller's in Blount's Battalion in Anderson's Corps. The numbers of said six batteries are not given in said Vol. 95 of official records, but if estimated at 12 officers and 250 men the total credited to North Carolina in that volume is 5,134, as stated in Vol. 4 of this present work at p. 442. By above parole list, the 9 infantry brigades paroled 455 574 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. officers and 4,287 men, while by some inadvertance the names of only 3 officers and no men represent the two cavalry brigades, and 9 officers and 102 men represent the six bat teries of artillery ; to these add S officers and 153 on above list under the head of Sundry and there is a total of 475 officers and 4,542 men, making grand total 5,017. In making out the total from the Parole list, it must be noted that there are quite a number whose commands are not given and having no means of knowing how many of these were from this State, we have copied none of these. Both the numbers given as above from Vol. 95, Off. Rec. Union and Confed. Armies, and those gathered from fore going Parole list fall short of the truth in that neither takes account of the North Carolinians in the Naval Battalions, in Signal and in Engineer Corps and on similar duties. A fair estimate would be that there were something up wards of 5,500 North Carolinians among the 28,231 officers and men surrendered by General Lee or in round numbers, one- fifth. Addenda. MEnORANDUN. These are articles which came after the rest of this work, other than the Index, had been completed. — Ed. THE FIRST NORTH CAROLINA SOLDIER WHO DIED. By R. H. BRADLEY, Private Company A, Bethel Regiment. The first soldier killed in battle on the Confederate side was, as is well known, Henry L. Wyatt, of Company A, Bethel Regiment. Three times as many men died iia hospi tal as were killed on the battlefield, but it is not so well known that the first soldier from Xorth Carolina who lost his life for the Confederacy was James Hudson, of Company B (Hornet's Nest Rifles), of the same regiment. The "Pettigrew Hospital" (as it was afterwards called), was the first military hospital that was organized in the State of North Carolina during the war between the States. It was located on the old Fair Grounds, east of Raleigh, near the present "Soldiers' Home," and in the house formerly oc cupied by the keeper of the Fair Grounds, which house is still standing and is occupied by a colored family. It was organized by the late Dr. E. Burke Haywood indi vidually, and not by the State, as many may think. Dr. Haywood's memory is revered by many an old soldier, who was relieved and saved from an untimely death by his ^tomi- medical skill, love and sympathy. Dr. Haywood was greatly assisted by W. H. Dodd, Esq., as druggist, whose pleasant smiles and persuasive words would make the pills disappear easier, let them be ever so bitter. How many (except the oldest citizens) remember Bill Dodd as a pill roller? The first Regimental Hospital was organized by Dr. Peter E. Hines, then of New Bern, now of this city. The company of which I was a member, "Edgecombe Guards," arrived in Raleigh on 30 April, 1SH1, from Fort Macon, where we were first ordered by the Governor. I was just recovering from the measles when I took severe cold from exposure, incident to camp life (my camp was 37 578 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. at horse stall No. 55, on the old Fair Grounds), which termi nated in pneumonia, and I was sent to the hospital which con tained but few patients at that time. I recollect two besides myself — one was a young physician, Dr. J. J. Lawrence, from nij' company, and the other was James Hudson, a mem ber of the Hornet's Nest Rifles, from Mecklenburg county. Mr. Hudson died on 11 May; his company followed his re mains to the depot and fired a salute in honor before the de parture of the train. Mr. Hudson was the first mail who lost his life in the ser vice of North Carolina in the late struggle between the North and South, which fact, I have no doubt, has been lost sight of by all save a few who were present and had the fact impressed upon their minds. He and myself, both being sick with pneumonia, were quartered in the same room. I shall ever remember this sad death and never forget his last night's struggle with fever and delirium, with no mother or sister to bathe his feverish brow and with love and affec tion speak words of consolation to him in his last moments on earth. He was delirious all night previous to his death from the effects of fever. Pat, the Irish nurse, who was always fond of sampling the spirits, to ascertain whether or not Mr. Dodd was furnishing the patients with a good -quality, and myself, were witnesses of his last hours of pain and distress, and his passage "over the river," which was at last peaceful. His name does not appear upon the roster of North Caro lina troops, for the reason that he died two days before the regiment was mustered into service ; nevertheless he died in defence of his State, as much so as the soldier who died on the field of battle, for he was in camp in response to the call of the Governor for troops to defend the Commonwealth. The following contemporary notice is copied from the Raleigh Register of 15 May, 1861, which is on file in the State Library : "Death of a Volunteer. — We regret to learn that Mr. James Hudson, a highly esteemed member of the Hornet's Nest Rifles, from Charlotte, died at the hospital of the encamp ment, in this city, on Saturday last. His disease was pneu- The First N. C. Soldier who Died. 579 monia. This is the first death that has occurred among the volunteers in this city. The remains of the deceased were escorted to the Central depot on Saturday afternoon, when after depositing them on board of the train bound to Char lotte, the company fired a salute in honor of his memory, and then returned with saddened hearts to their encampment." Robert H. Bradley. Raleigh, N. C, 31 December, 1901. SIXTH REQIHENT AT MANASSAS, 21 JULY, 1861. By B. F. WHITE, Captain Company F. The main facts related by Major A. C. Avery (Vol. 1 of this work, pp. 240-349) in reference to the part the Sixth Regiment took in the first battle of Manassas are correct, but owing to his absence through sickness from the regiment when all points of the battle were discussed and the field vis ited and reports made to the commission sent out by Gov ernor Clark, he has fallen into some errors. He fails to state that the Sixth Regiment halted for some time in front of the Lewis House, and that while here, Colonel Fisher rode for ward to ascertain at what point to lead forward his regi ment, at this juncture Lieutenant-Colonel Lightfoot request ed Major R. F. Webb to ask, for him, the privilege of put ting the regiment into line of battle, as Colonel Fisher had not drilled the regiment and was incompetent to do it, and further that Colonel Fisher and himself were not on good terms. (This request Colonel Fisher refused.) Colonel Lightfoot's conduct towards Colonel Fisher had been such as to create an estrangement and their relations were very far from cordial. On Colonel Fisher's return, the regiment was moved sev eral hundred yards and drawn up at a right angle from its former position. Avery states that this was our first posi tion. After remaining here for some time a few shells from the enemy's battery passed over our heads. One passed through our ranks as it bounded on the ground ; the men opened ranks and as it did not burst no one was hurt. Im mediately after this we were ordered forward, inarching in file, turned a little to the left, passed down a hill through a wood. On emerging from the woods into an old sedge field, 582 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. wecrossed a branch (whichl think wascalledDrake's branch). While making this move quite a number of Louisianians and a part of a Mississippi Regiment in disorder, passed up a hill to the rear. Here the Sixth Regiment halted for a short time. Then the regiment headed for a point in the rear of where Colonel Bartow fell. When approaching near that point a courier or mounted officer called to Colonel Fisher not to go in that direction, for his regiment would be cut up by the Yankee cavalry. Thereupon the regiment was turned abruptly to the left, crossing an old worm fence, and passing behind a dense pine thicket immediately in the rear of the Fourth Alabama, Second Mississippi and two companies of the Elev enth Mississippi. On reaching an old road the regiment turned to the right and passed along a thick copse of wood on the left and soon emerged from the pines opposite the Missis sippi troops. When the right of the Sixth Regiment got opposite the left of the Mississippi Regiment, I heard dis tinctly one of our field officers call to Colonel Fisher, "Colo nel, turn the head of your regiment this way." To this Col onel Fisher paid no attention whatever, but passed on into an angle formed by the Yankees in the Sudley road and the New York Zouaves marching to turn our left flank. When the left of company F, (third company in regiment), com manded by First Lieutenant Carter, came opposite the Mis sissippi regiment, one of our field officers called out, "Halt." Carter repeated the command, then "Right face." Colonel Fisher, who was but a short distance away, called out sharply, "Who in the hell gave that command i I am Colonel of this regiment; follow me." Lieutenant Carter gave the command, "Left face, forward, march." No other company up to this time either halted or right faced. Company F immediately followed the two com panies in its front. Lightfoot remarked, "Did any body ever see the like." Soon after this we were fired upon at an angle from our left, the balls passing mostly over our heads, only one man in our company being hit. He was shot in the head. The second and third volley came low. About this time Colonel Lightfoot came through the left of company F Sixth Regiment at Manassas. 583 and was slightly wounded, but this did not interfere with his locomotion, calling out as he left, "Boys, take care of your selves," and to their discredit or discretion, many took his advice and emulated his example, but did not stop till they reached Manassas, five miles away. Company F faced to the rear and made a left wheel until they came on a line somewhat in advance of the Mississippians and opened fire upon a section of Sherman's battery and two howitzers com manded by Captain Ricketts. About this time Companies A, E, F and D got considerably mixed up. I was much em ployed in driving home with a stone the balls for our Irish comrades. I was often called to, "Lieutenant, take this stone and drive me ball down." The kick of the gun was similar to that of a mule, and the report was not much less than a rifled 4-pounder. About this juncture a Federal officer rode up to us waving his hat and calling, "For God's sake stop ; you are firing on your friends." On discovering his mistake he attempted to ride away. As he passed the left of the Mississippians he reeled and fell. He and his horse were both captured. This officer turned out to be Wilcox, who afterwards became a Major-General. Colonel Liddell, of the Eleventh Missis sippi, got his horse and rode him for many a clay. About this time the charge was made upon the battery. On reaching the battery I found all the horses killed. The two guns, 40-pounder brass howitzers, were unlimbered, but not trained upon our regiment, but rather pointing in the direction of the Second Mississippi. Our line passed the battery and on approaching the old Sudley road, were sub jected to a heavy fire, from Yankees stationed in the road, and also from the New York Zouaves on our left. In coming out of the fight I passed down the line of the Zouaves. Whether Colonel Fisher was killed by the Yan kees charging from the Sudley road, or the Zouaves on our right, or from scattering shots from our own men, will never be known. Colonel Isaac E. Avery informed us that Captain Ricketts, in a conversation with his brother, Col. Waightstill Avery, in formed him that "the position of Fisher's Regiment was such 584 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. that he supposed them to be a support for his battery;" that had he a minute's time longer, that he would have swept the whole head of our column down; that all of his men were either killed or wounded. This was the turning point in the battle. In falling back we passed directly in front of the Zouaves and were subjected to a heavy fire, the balls passing mostly over our heads, doing us little damage. Our line passed the battery and on approaching the old Sudley road were subjected to a heavy fire from the enemy stationed in it and also a flank fire from the New York Zouave.- on our left, we were compelled to retreat. On leav ing the field we passed through the line of Kirby Smith's men. who were coming up as a support. On reaching the battery they found the dead and wounded Yankees lying around and honestly supposed that they did it. I passed a Virginia Colonel who I was told was Colonel Fletcher or Colonel Kemper. On getting back to the branch at the foot of the hill and edge of the woods the scattered men of the Sixth were formed into line and marched forward to the left of Kirby Smith's command and led to the rear of one of our batteries, which did fine execution on the retreating columns of the enemy. We pursued the enemy as far as the stone house. There was still firing to the east. Here we were halted and addressed by President Davis, who told us of the glorious victory we had won. On the roll being called there were found to be present one hundred and twenty-five (125) men of the Sixth Regiment. Twenty-five of these were from Company F. Captain James ( 'raige, whose company (G) was near the left of the regiment, was leading up his. company in file, when he received a fire from an advancing column from the Sud ley rr ad, ten of his men fell dead in a bunch, being only two less than one-half of the number killed in the regiment. Two-thirds of the regiment was blanketed by the three or four forward companies and the left companies took very lit tle part in the fight simply from the position of the regi ment and conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Lightfoot. I have passed over the ground four times that the Sixth Regiment passed over in going into action. There was not at that Sixth Regiment at Manassas. 585 time, forty years ago, a gully which a man on horseback could not easily have crossed. The two guns brought over the Sudley road to the front of the Henry House were never fired from that position, not because of the nature of the ground, but simply because the battery was disabled, the men being either killed or wounded. I am of the opinion that Colonel Fisher, Lieutenant Man gum and others were killed by our troops over on the old Sud ley road and not by the enemy. Where the Sixth Regiment fought is free from gullies or steep hillsides. At the time of the battle all that ground was in virgin forest, piney old field and sedge, except where we joined in the flank movement. On the evening of the battle I heard Colonel Fletcher, of Virginia, boasting of the capture of the battery by his regi ment. I told him how it was done, but he would not stand corrected. The Virginians still claim the honors, I believe. B. F. White. Mebane, N. C, 31 December, 1901. Note — A very interesting account of the Sixth at Manassas is also given by Gen. Clingman in this vol. at p. 29, ante. — Ed. NORTH CAROLI/iA AT SHARPS BURG. report of the battlefield commission. To His Excellency, the Governor : Of the committee of North Carolina officers and soldiers, participants in the battle of Sharpsburg, who were appointed by you at the request of the United States Antietam Board to assist them in designating the position held by North Car olina troops in that great battle, the undersigned were able to accept and attend. They left the State 29 May, 1894, and were joined in Washington by General H. Heth, one of the Federal Commissioners on the Antietam Board, but for merly Major-General in the Confederate service, and by Sen ator Ransom, who had been a distinguished participant in the battle, and who kindly accompanied us upon our special invitation. Together with them, this committee visited the battle field 30 May, and remained till we had located the positions held by the brave men of this State on that event ful day, 17 September, 1862. Such of the positions as were not fully settled by the presence on the committee of men from any particular command have since been designated by correspondence with members of such commands, maps of the battle field having been sent them upon which they have marked the positions held by their respective regiments. This has now been satisfactorily done, and this report has been held back that the completion of the work devolved upon us might be reported. We are glad to say that the identification of the positions held by each of our regiments has been perfect. The locality in the nearly thirty-two years since the battle had undergone remarkably small change. The landmarks are all there. Besides the ground upon which a soldier fights is photo graphed in his mind. Every little inequality of the surface 56S North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. has its value at the time and the general topography of the' field is attentively considered as it has often a vital bearing upon the issue of the battle. The battle of Sharpsburg, Md., or Antietam, as it is called by the Federals, was fought Wednesday, 17 September, 1862, between the United States Army, commanded by Major-Gen eral George B. McClellan, and the Confederate States Army, commanded by General Robert E. Lee. The Federal Army reports for that morning show "present for duty" an effective force of 101,000 men, consisting of six army corps. The First, Hooker ; Second, Sumner ; Fourth, Couch ; Fifth, Fitz John Porter ; Sixth, Franklin ; Ninth, Burnside ; Twelfth, Mansfield ; and Pleasanton's Cavalry Division. On the Con federate side there were two corps, commanded respectively by Longstreet and Jackson. So great had been the loss by straggling, caused principally by forced marches, with insuf ficient food and defective supply of shoes, that when the bat tle opened General Lee had not more than 27.000 men in line. This was raised by the arrival about 0 a. m., of Mc- Law's Division, and about 3 p. m., of A. P. Hill's Division, to a total of 35, 000 men. Indeed, so heavy had been the straggling that General Lee states in his letter to President Davis 21 September, that in this battle Evans' Brigade had 100 men present, Garnett's Brigade 120. and Lawton and Armistead's Brigades combined 600 men. In this battle there were present thirty regiments and one battalion of infantry, one regiment of cavalry and three bat teries of artillery from North Carolina, to-wit. : Fifteenth North Carolina, in Cobb's Brigade. Twenty-seventh, Forty-sixth and Forty-eighth North Caro lina, in Walker's Brigade. Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Thirty-fifth and Forty-ninth North Carolina, in Ransom's Brigade. Sixth North Carolina, in Law's Brigade. Twenty-first North Carolina and First North Carolina Battalion, in Trimble's Brigade. Seventh, Eighteenth, Twenty-eighth Thirty-third and Thirtv-seventh North Carolina, in Branch's Brigade. North Carolina at Sharpsburg. 589 Sixteenth, Twenty-second, Thirty-fourth and Thirty-eighth North Carolina, in Pender's Brigade. First and Third North Carolina, in Ripley's Brigade. Fifth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-third North Carolina, in Garland's Brigade. Second, Fourth, Fourteenth and Thirtieth North Carolina, in Anderson's Brigade. Ninth North Carolina (First Cavalry), Hampton's Bri gade, and the batteries of Manly, Reilly and Lloyd. Of these, the cavalry regiment commanded by Colonel (af terwards General) L. S. Baker, was on our extreme left un der Stuart. Pender's and Branch's Brigades came up in the afternoon by forced march from Harper's Ferry, being part of A. P. Hill's Division, and took position on our extreme right just in time to repulse the advance of Burnside's corps. Early in the morning the North Carolina brigades of Walker and Ransom had occupied the extreme right to prevent the threatened advance of Burnside across Antietam creek, but about 9 a. m., when the left wing was broken by the weight of the Federal numbers, these two brigades were hurriedly moved to the center of the left wing near the Dunkard church. They arrived just in time as the Federals were pouring through the break in our lines and a delay of ten minutes longer would probably have been fatal to the existence of the army. The removal of these two brigades left the advance of Burnside's and Porter's corps across the bridge and fords of the Antietam creek unopposed except by the small brigade (400 men) of Toombs. Fortunately Burnside did not cross till 1 p. m., and when he did he loitered until 3 o'clock when making his advance the fate of Lee's army had again been sealed but for the arrival of A. P. Hill's Division, two of whose brigades — Branch's and Pender's — were North Caro linians. "Had their arrival been delayed ten minutes," says the official report, "the army would have been taken in re verse." Thus twice during that eventful day did the Con federate Army narrowly escape disaster. And on each occa sion North Carolina troops were important factors in the salvation of the army. They were to Lee what Billow's Di- 590 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. vision of Blucher's corps was to Wellington at Waterloo. They saved the day. The North Carolina troops, other than Baker's Cavalry Regiment, and the brigades of Walker, Branch, Ransom and Pender, which have been located above, were all stationed in the left center, reaching from the town of Sharpsburg, which was the center of our line up towards the Dunkard Church. A part of this left center was singu larly thrown forward, in advance of our general line, till driven back by overwhelming numbers. It was the North Carolina brigade of Anderson, thus advanced beyond the main line, that held the now historic "Bloody Lane" till thrice their number of Federals lay dead in their front in musket range. It was thrust out in the flank of the advanc ing enemy like a "solid lance head of iron tempered in the fire of battle." To the military student the battle of Sharpsburg will al ways appear one of the boldest — not to say one of the rashest — battles of modern time, judging it from the Southern standpoint. Nothing but success redeemed General Lee from liability to the severest military criticism. But he safely relied upon the tried valor of his troops and the wholesome awe with which our then recent successes around Richmond and at Second Manassas had inspired the enemy. He also knew the slow movement and cautious character of the oppos ing General — so slow that a board of war condemned him for having moved in this campaign at the rate of onlv six miles a day. An accident, the loss of a dispatch sent by General Lee to one of his Major-Generals and dropped in his encamp ment, disclosed to McClellan General Lee's plan of campaign and that in face of a foe largely his superior he had divided bis army and had left nearly one-half of it on the southern bank of the Potomac to capture Harper's Ferry while the other wing remained in Maryland. Had McClellan fallen with vigor and promptness with his whole army upon the 20,000 or 22,000 men under Lee, north of the Potomac, the loss of that army with its commanders would have been a fatal blow to the Confederacy. But fortunately, McClellan neither did this nor relieved Harper's Ferry, which surren dered with 12,000 prisoners on the 15th releasing the besieg- North Carolina at Sharpsburg. 591 ing force, of which Walker's Division rejoined Lee on the night before the battle and McLaw's and A. P. Hill's Divis ions came up during the progress of the battle as above stated. It is true that after finding the "lost dispatch" revealing Lee's plan, McClellan sent an overwhelming force again D. H. Hill's Division, holding the pass in the South Mountain on the 14th which that gallant general held as long as possi ble, delaying the Federal advance till Harper's Ferry might surrender and its besiegers might join our army north of the Potomac. But the "Rebellion Record" gives us the situ ation on both sides better than either commander could have then known it. From that it appears that McClellan had not only 101,000 men present for duty, but that 73,000 more were then around Washington forty miles away by rail. That in the presence of 174,000 men, General Lee could divide his effective force of less than 40,000 by the Potomac river, and several miles of interval, should capture 12,000 men at Harper's Ferry, and should then re-unite his army during the battle north of the river and hold the field was splendid justification of Lee's superb confidence in his troops. It showed a boldness the success of which future ages may admire, but which will not justify an attempt to imitate. At no other time did the Confederacy so narrowly escape a catas trophe. The greatest compliment perhaps ever paid to Con federate valor will be found in the reports of this battle made by the Federal Colonels and Generals, and by McClellan him self, as preserved in the "Rebellion Record." They recite the heavy losses sustained from our fire, and the courage shown by their men in attacking our positions or repulsing our assaults. They all concur in ascribing to us superior numbers. Even McClellan, in a dispatch during the battle, attributes to Lee 95,000 men and telegraphs Lincoln that he is "in the midst of the bloodiest and most memorable battle of the war and probably of all history." Yet it is beyond question that Lee had only about 35,000 men after his rein forcements had joined him and was outnumbered nearly three to one. General McClellan places his own forces at 87,000, while the morning report of his army for that day calls for 101,000 effective. Though thus outnumbered, Lee 51)2 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. and his soldiers not only held their ground all that long Sep tember day, repelling every assault, but all next day they stood in line defying an enemy who dared not advance. On the night of the 18th they reerossed the river into Virginia, leaving not a cannon nor a wagon behind them. During the entire action the Confederates fought without breastworks, which there was neither time nor means to throw up. For tunately in some parts of the line on the slope of the hills on the side held by us there -was a ledge of lime stone rock which served admirably as natural rifle pits and were consid erable protection both against artillery and infantry fire. So heavy fell the leaden hail of battle that notwithstanding thirty-two years of cultivation and visits by relic-hunters, the son of one of our committee, a lad of 10 years of age (Fred Phillips, Jr. ), picked up a handful of bullets in the space of a few feet. In few actions during the entire war was the percentage of loss so heavy upon us. We had no reserves. Every man was engaged. Out of the 35,000 Confederates in this battle one-third were killed or wounded. Retreat, with the Poto mac at our backs, meant the annihilation of the army. There was no choice but to conquer or die. That North Carolina was there that clay, and that her troops composed more than one-fourth of the men actually in line should never be for gotten. The positions held by them, and identified by the committee will be marked by the Federal government with pillars of stone. To distant ages they will speak of the fame, the valor, the devotion to duty of those men of "long endur ing blood" — the North Carolinians who twice saved the day for the Confederacy at Sharpsburg. Many of them rest where they fell, and nightly Potomac's breezes " Answering low, soothes many a soldier's endless sleep." Ill the providence of Cod, final success did not crown our arms, but none who know, or who have learned, the true story of the bearing of North Carolina's sons, whether officers or private' soldiers, throughout the great contest, can refrain from saving thev "knew how to do their dutv." The State North Carolina at Sharpsburg. 593 does well to note on this battle field where her soldiers held the line. Living or dead, they could ask no grander eulogy. Very respectfully, Walter Clark, Adjutant Thirty-fifth N. C. Chairman of Committee. F. M. Parker, Colonel Thirtieth N. C. S. McD. Tate, Major Sixth N. C. Neill W. Ray, Captain Sixth N. C. Jas. A. Graham, Captain Twenty-seventh N. C. W. H. H. Lawhon, Captain Forty-eighth N. C. Fred Phillips, Adjutant Thirtieth N. C. R. 0. Leinster, Private Fourth N. C. Jno. C. Scarborough, Private Fourteenth N. C. Jno. R. Richardson, Private Twenty-third N. C. J. M. Monie, Private Ninth N. C. (First Cav.) Raleigh, X. C, 17 September, 1894. (The rank and regiment above given is that of each of the committee at the date of the battle. Many of them were promoted afterwards, and some of them went to other regiments. ) 38 THE FIRST REQIME/iT AT GET TYSBURG. By SERGEANT C. W. RIVENBARK, Company C. Thirty years ago I wrote for publication "Two Years at Fort Delaware," which has been reprinted in Vol. 4 of this work. I wish to say a few words here on the conduct of my old company at Gettysburg, of which I was then acting Or derly Sergeant, and the manner of my capture. The history of the regiment has been ably written up by our gallant Col onel, H. A. Brown. Beginning at the charge made on the second line of the enemy's works at the southeast base of Culp's Hill, I take it for granted that the reader is familiar with the charge made by the regiment on the evening of 2 July, as given by Colonel Brown. (Page 148, first volume of this work.) In that successful charge our ranks were thinned so that when our roll was called at daylight next morning our com pany numbered only twenty-three, officers and men. Though the regiment went forward with a will, as it always did, it was simply impossible for a human being to en dure the concentrated fire of artillery and small arms that were directed upon us at short range, so that we were ordered back to the line of works we had captured the evening before and from which we had just charged. Before arriving there our company (C) formed itself behind two large boulders sur rounded by others of less dimensions, forming, as it were, a natural little fort sufficiently large to cover the little band of twenty-three. ' We immediately took advantage of this position, while the balance of the regiment settled back to its position of the evening before. Now we found ourselves fronting to the south and a little in advance of the' regiment. It was then 596 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. about 6 o'clock a. m., and by the time we could look around at the situation we saw across a small field about two hundred yards wide, the Twenty-seventh Indiana Regiment, number ing 339 officers and men, advance from the wood in a full charge towards us. Immediately Ave commenced some of the most rapid firing Ave had ever been called upon to do; and our regiment succeeded in repulsing them. In that charge they lost one hundred and ten (110) killed and Avounded and one prisoner who ran into us to save his life. Before they had advanced one hundred yards they had four (4) color-bearers killed and four Avounded. They Avere sup ported by the Second Massachusetts, which immediately came forward to charge over the same ground with two hun dred and ninety-four (294) men and twenty-tAvo officers. They soon retired to the wood leaving four officers and forty- one men killed and six officers and eightv-four men wounded. The above figures are correct, for they are copied from the monuments of the tAvo regiments above mentioned, now stand ing upon the field. The rest of our brigade was fronted to the Avest, Avhile our regiment Avas fronted to the South. The line of battle at Gettysburg was in the shape of a fishhook, the First North Carolina Regiment Avas on the extreme left, or point of the hook, and fronted south right across the point of the hook. The enemy did not attempt again that day to charge us out of our stronghold, but they planted a battery at a conven ient distance and commenced to shell the tops of the giant old oaks that stood around and whose limbs hung over our heads. Many limbs fell on us during the remainder of the day, but Ave would ward them off as best Ave could, and Avhile some were hurt by them, no serious damage Avas sustained. At about 4 o'clock that evening when Pickett and Petti- greAv's charge on the opposite side had failed, that noble old hero, our Division Commander, General EdAvard Johnson, made his appearance on the firing line, and said : "Men, I Avant you to fall back on your position of yesterday; but I don't want to see one of you run ; follow me sloAvly," which we did in good style. As the enemy never pressed us in the least I suppose they had had enough. In a feAV minutes we The First Regiment at Gettysburg. 597 were recrossing Rock Creek. We were very warm and the water Avas about waist deep and I took a chill. A kind Confederate cavalryman in passing, saw me all shivering and shaking and invited me to a near-by rock and told me to mount his horse behind him. He carried me about two miles out on the CashtoAvn road and put me doAvn at one of our field hospitals. I found the physician in charge too busy Avith the Avounded to give me any attention. As it was growing dark I lay doAvn opposite the farm house that had been converted into a hospital, the yard of which was full of Avounded and dying men. At that time I felt sure that the battle was ours, for a great many of our Avagons were moving towards Gettysburg during the night. When these two grand armies met at Gettysburg, the Con federates came from the north and the Union army came from the south. Thus as I had come in on the Cashtown road I felt safe because our wagons on the night of the 3d were still going on towards Gettysburg. General Lee was concentrating southwest of the town, preparing to Avithdraw his shattered, but not defeated, army in that direction. Next morning when I arose from the ground the first thing that met my gaze was a regiment of the enemy's cavalry a hundred yards up the road, coming toward me. I still had my trusty rifle in my hands, but it would have been suicidal to have used it then. As they approached an officer asked me Avhy I did not drop my gun. I told him that I had for gotten that I had one. "Well," said he, "You had better go on toAvards Gettysburg," which I did and that night got some medical attention, a night's rest in a hay loft and something to eat next morning. I Avas then turned over to Kilpat- rick's cavalry, which started us on the march to Frederick City, as narrated by me in "Two Years at Fort Delaware." I must refrain from narrating the means by which I es caped from Fort Delaware and my adventures on the road home ; since at the time I was pledged to secrecy as to many matters Avhich it may not be well to divulge even after a lapse of nearly thirty-seven years, lest some one, though an enemy at that time, will be inconvenienced even noAv, for I would have to mention names of persons who might yet be 598 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. living. The story would be an interesting one, showing venal ity in officials and much charity and kindness among country people along my route home. C. W. RlVENBARK. Charlotte, N. C, 31 December, 1901. UNPARALLELED LOSS. COMFANT F, TVENTT-SIXTH REGIMENT Ti. C. T„ AT QETTTSBURQ 1 JULY, 1863. By CAPTAIN R. M. TUTTLE. Company F, TAventy-sixth Regiment N. C. T., on the first day's fight, carried into action 3 officers and 88 enlisted men, every one of Avhom Avas either killed or wounded. A fact so remarkable is here recorded over the signature of its Cap tain, now a Presbyterian minister at Collierstown, Va., and of others nearly as Avell knoAvn and the name of each man is given. Captain, now Rev. Dr. Tuttle, writes thus to a friend : "Your letter came duly to hand, and I set to Avork to set tle forever the contest as to Company F. Fortunately, and even more, for it seems like a special Providence, I had pre served my report published in the Virginia paper (Richmond Enquirer or Examiner). I had pasted it long years ago (during the Avar), in the back of my sister's album, and it is still clear and legible. I have had to amend it in four names only, using just a little later information. The proof is now, irrefragable, I give, you .will observe, not only the names, but the exact wounds received, just AA-hat I sent to the Richmond paper soon after the battle. I was detained in a hospital in Richmond some Aveeks after the battle. "The Orderly Sergeant's statement as you Avill see, fully agrees in all essential features Avith my report. These pa pers will, I think, enable you to clinch every claim Ave make for Company F. Yours truly, "Romulus M. Tuttle/'' There was enclosed in the above letter a statement signed by J. T. C. Hood, Orderly Sergeant, Company F, TAventy- sixth Regiment, North Carolina Troops, as folloAvs: "Company F, Twenty-sixth Regiment, North Carolina 600 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Troops, Avent into the fight at Gettysburg, Pa., with 88 an- SAvering to roll call on the morning of 1 July, 1863, besides three commissioned officers, (one private being detailed to guard our knapsacks). "Having been wounded on the first, day in both a leg and a foot, I hobbled to the stone bridge tAvo miles South of Get tysburg, AA'here I had an opportunity of seeing a great many of the wounded of the first day's fight ; and from Avhat I gath ered from them and saw myself, the loss of Company F, on the first day was about twenty-five killed and sixty Avounded. Also, after the second and third day, there was not a single man left, all being killed or Avounded." In addition to the above the muster and pay roll of the company, giving its condition on 30 June, 1863, as it rested in bivouac that day about three miles from Gettysburg, is still preserved by Captain Joseph J. Young, noAV residing at Polenta, Johnston county, AA'ho Avas the Quartermaster of the regiment from the beginning to the end of the war. He has preserved duplicate copies of the muster and pay rolls of the regiment, Avhich he values as among his greatest treasures. This muster and pay roll states that there AA-ere present for duty, three commissioned officers, three Sergeants, two Cor porals, one Musician and eighty-four privates ; and present on extra or daily duty, nine privates ; total present commis sioned, three; total enlisted, 99; aggregate present, 102. The strength of the Company present and absent is put down as 134. In addition to the above, Ave have the foUoAving from Captain James D. Moore, cashier of the First National Bank, of Gastonia, N. C, avIio was a private in Company F, at Gettysburg, viz. : "I was present at the battle of Gettysburg, a private in Captain R. M. Tuttle's company (F), TAventy-sixth Regi ment. In the first day's battle Ave had 87 men for duty, Ave lost every man, either killed or Avounded, except one. Sergeant Robert Hudspeth. I was the S5th man shot, Avounded in the neck and left leg. Henrv Coffev (Sergeant), iioav living near Lenoir, was the eighty-sixth man shot. Our company joined the color company on the left, and being at the head of Unparalleled Loss. 601 the company, I joined the color guard and Avas by the colors during the fight. The entire color guard was killed or Avounded, and a number of officers who picked up the colors and carried them forward were also • killed or wounded, among them, the young and gallant Colonel Burgwyn. Lieu tenant-Colonel Lane was severely Avounded toAvard the close of the fight, near the top of the hill. He also had the colors when he Avas shot. Of the tAvo left of my company, Henry Coffey was Avounded just after I fell, leaving only Sergeant Robert Hudspeth surviving unhurt out of our entire com pany. This Robert Hudspeth came to see me at the field hospital on 4 July and he informed me that he had gotten some four or five men who were on detail as ambulance and pioneer corps on the first day and were not in the fight on that day and he took them into the fight the third day. On that day, Tom Cozart, of Company F, carried the flag; Cozart fell (killed) Avith the colors just before reaching the stone fence, the others were killed or Avounded, and that he (Hudspeth) Avas knocked down by the bursting of a shell." The folloAA'ing are the names of the killed, mortally wounded and Avounded of Company F, Twenty-sixth Regi ment, North Carolina Troops, Pettigrew's Brigade, at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., 1-3 July, 1863, as reported to the Richmond (Va.) Enquirer or Examiner, soon after the bat tle, by the Captain — Romulus M. Tuttle — as he lay wounded in the hospital in Richmond : We Avent into the battle 1 July, 1863, Avith eighty-eight rank and file and three commissioned officers — the Captain and two Lieutenants — ninety-one in all. Every man Avas either killed or Avounded, viz. : KILLED ON THE FIELD. Lieutenant — John B. Holloway. Privates — Robert M. Braswell, Robert H. Carswell, I. H. Coffey, Cleveland Coffey, T. J. Cozart, Thomas Crump, James Deal, William Fleming, Jackson Gragg, Abram Hud son, John C. LeAvis, J. B. Little John, Joseph Phillips and W. E. Phillips (twins), J. P. Shook, A. John Taylor, W. L. Thompson, M. L. Towusell. — 19. Mortally Wounded, Privates — J. M. Clouts, J. G. Coffey, 602 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Thos. M. Coffey, W. S. Coffey, Rufus Ervine, H. H. Hays, G. W. HolloAvay, George Morgan, Joseph Setser, W. E. Set ser, Hosea Stallings, William Underdown. — 12. WOUNDED WOUNDS DESCRIBED. Captain R. M. Tuttle, badly, right leg. Lieutenant C. M. Sudderth, badly in hand. Sergeant J. T. C. Hood, badly in thigh and foot. Sergeant R. N. Hudspeth, by bursting of shell. Sergeant H. C. Coffey, badly in Avrist. Corporal S. P. PhilyaAv, badly in thigh. Corporal A. H. Courtney, leg broken (amputated). privates. Hezekiah Annas, badly in thigh. George Arney, leg broken. S. P. Badger, badly in foot. Joseph Baldwin, badly in thigh. Zero Black, badly in hip. W. W. Bean, badly in foot. W. W. Bradford, slightly in arm. Nathan BradshaAv, slightly in knee. R. W. BrasAvell, slightly in breast. John BoAvman, badly in thigh. Redmond Church, badly in foot. J. C. Clarke, badly in arm. William Clarke, badly in foot, leg and shoulder. A. J. Coffey, finger shot off. H. C. Courtney, badly in thigh. J. P. Coffey, by bursting shell. S. W. Crisp, badly in thigh. H. C. Crump, slightly in arm. Nathaniel Culbreath, badly in side. Thomas Curtis, badly in thigh. William Curtis, arm amputated. J. M. Holloway, badly in breast. Paul LIoAvell, badly in thigh. Ambrose Jludson, by bursting shell. A. M. Hndspetli, badly in face. G. W. LIudspeth, badly in leg. Unparalleled Loss. 603 W. W. Kerby, slightly in shoulder. John Kincaid, badly in shoulder. Elkanah Mathis, slightly in arm. James D. Moore, badly in thigh. Noah Page, badly in thigh. William R. Payne, slightly in body. A. W. Perkins, slightly in side. Gideon Philyaw, slightly in hip. George Porch, slightly in thigh. John Porch, badly in back. Pinkney Powell, slightly in head. M. M. Racier, badly in shoulder. W. H. Rich, slightly in arm. W. R. Rich, slightly in head. Philip Sargent, badly in thigh. T. W. Setser, badly in thigh. William Stallings, leg broken. John M. Sudderth, badly in thigh. T. F. Sudderth, slightly in finger. Benjamin Taylor, slightly in heel. S. A. Thomas, badly in arm. J. C. Thompson, badly in shoulder. C. A. Tuttle, slightly in arm. Richard Upchurch, slightly in hand. J. W. UnderdoAvn, badly in thigh. Joseph Winkler, badly in back. Israel Zimmerman, badly in leg. — 60. recapitulation. Killed dead 19 Mortally Avounded 12 Wounded, but recovered 60 Total 91 Only four or five men Avere left from the first day's fight to go into action on the 3d. T. J. Cozart was one of these and he Avas killed carrying the flag of the regiment. R. M. Tuttle. Colliebstown, Va., 3 July, 1901. CAPTURE OE CEMETERY HILL. THE SECOND DAT AT GETTYSBURG. By N. W. RAY, Captain Company D, Sixth Regiment N. C. T. I had the pleasure, a few weeks ago, of going over the bat tlefield of Gettysburg in company Avith old comrades ; and we met there with Union soldiers avIio fought against us and directly in front of us. There are perhaps 500 monuments, some of them very costly and perhaps as many more sub stantial granite markers, all set up by the different com mands of the Union army, to show their positions and to mark the notable places. On many of these monuments are inscriptions, giving a brief record of the part performed by the different commands. I have no desire to detract from the glory of those Confederates who fought near "The Devil's Den," across "The Valley of Death," in "The Wheat Field," "The Peach Orchard," and on the third day Avent into "The Bloody Angle" at "High Water Mark." But those who drove the Union army from their strong, Avell chosen posi tions behind the stone Avails along "Seminary Ridge," and the fields north of the town on the first day, and those who on the second day charged, and captured, and for a while, held "Cemetery Hill," ought not to be so ignored by those who write up "Gettysburg" by telling only of the charge in the third clay's fighting. No one can go there, look over that battlefield and consider the different movements and positions, and undisputed events as recorded, Avithout being convinced that the fighting of the Confederates on the first and second days was as valiant and as praiseworthy, as that of the third day. The positions of the Confederates are not yet marked with monuments of any kind, but they are well established, and we were told that they are to be marked by durable markers. But although the poor Confederate may not have his name in scribed on polished granite or bronze tablets, yet the brief 606 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. recitals on the Union monuments are an enduring record of facts that establish the fame and glory of the Confederate troops. Whether intentional or not, the Northern people in selecting Gettysburg and making it famous, and marking it so Avell, as one of the battlefields on Avhich their soldiers won glory, have thereby made an imperishable record of the valor and courage of Confederate soldiers. As we stood on East Cemetery Hill during our recent visit, from AA'hich command ing position the Avell informed guide was explaining the movements of the first and second days to a -large party of Northerners, some of them scholars, and as he closed Avith a graphic description of the charge on Cemetery Hill by Hoke's and Hays' Brigades, pointing out, from where he stood, the line of attack and the spots Avhere different leaders fell, one of the party turned to me and said: "I am a Union man, but it would have been a shame for the Union army to have been beaten here; they had so much advantage in position." I tell this to show that any one looking over that field, even those who are not skilled in war, are at once impressed Avith the heroic qualities of the Confederates avIio came so near winning the battle of Gettysburg. I belonged to the Sixth North Carolina Regiment, Avhich was part of Hoke's Brigade of North Carolina troops — Ear ly's Division, Ewell's Corps. General R. F. Hoke had been wounded at Fredericksburg and Avas not present ; Colonel Isaac E. Avery commanded the brigade. The regiment to which I belonged Avas on the right of the brigade and on our right Avas Hay's Louisiana Brigade. On the first day, we came in on the north to northeast of the tOAvn and fought along and across Rock creek, and near the brick yard and railroad depot and through the eastern part of the town. To shoAv Iioav severe was the contest on that first day, I will say that our part of the line saw hand-to- hand fighting ; and from Avhat Ave could see and hear then, and judging from Avhat we saw on our recent visit to the field, the fighting to our right and along Seminary Ridge must have been much more severe — yet, the Confederates carried every point. Capture of Cemetery Hill. 607 After getting on the southeast of the town our part of the line was in full A'iew of Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill. We were halted and reformed our lines along a little rivulet that runs through an open field, Culp's. There, we Avere held under an annoying skirmish fire until the afternoon of the second day, during all of Avhich time the enemy were prepar ing for us. They had covered Cemetery Hill with artillery and each gun Avas protected by embankments. They had also artillery on a hill to the east of Cemetery Hill, towards Culp's Hill. Their lines of infantry Avere most advanta geously posted behind stone Avails and in trenches Avhich they made in the steep sides of the hill, so posted that their artil lery could fire over the heads of their infantry. But in the face of all this, Avhen the afternoon Avas far advanced couriers were seen hurrying to and fro, delivering messages to our brigade and regimental commanders, and soon the order was passed along the line and Ave were commanded to move for Avard. Wp were to silence the guns on Cemetery Hill. As we approached it, Ave Avere under a galling fire from the in fantry, which was protected by the stone Avail and trenche* that ran around the hill. The artillery poured shot and shell and grape and canister into us, and withal, the battery, on the left toward Culp's Hill, had an enfilading fire on us. But our men still moved forAvard, climbed over the stone .wall, drove the infantry away, Avent on up the hill, drove off the cannoneers, spiked their guns, and took, for the, time, complete possession of East Cemetery Hill. We supposed that we had Avon the battle, for the dense smoke and approach ing darkness made it impossible for us to see what was going on to the right or left of the hill. Oh ! the memory of tha'. charge — that hand-to-hand struggle — that storming and cap turing of East Cemetery Hill on the evening of the second day at Gettysburg. And yet it Avas a success that did not succeed. For Ave had been there but a short while when or ders were brought to us to fall back to our original position, and to move back Avith as little noise as possible. The moon was just rising over the trees on Culp's Avooded hill to our left, and it shone through the battle smoke, Avith an enfee- 608 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. bled, sicklied light into the pale faces of our dead, as we quietly made our way back down the hill, up Avhich we had charged. The flag of the Sixth North Carolina Regiment, which is to be placed in the monument at Raleigh, (pardon me for making special mention of my own regiment) felt more than one gallant color bearer shiver and fall in that charge, yet ere it could fall, the nearest comrade of the sur viving color guards grabbed it and bore it braA'ely to the top of that stronghold of the enemy ; and when ordered to fall back from the ground won at such fearful cost, it was carried safely back. That flag is worthy of the place accorded it in the Confederate monument at Raleigh. It is not my purpose to say anything as to the mistake in not supporting us in the position we had gained. But I ven ture to say that no one, not even our enemies, will say that any blame could be attached to the troops engaged in storm ing Cemetery Etill on the evening of the second day. On that hill to-day amid its embrazured earthworks and along its stone Avails are a number of costly monuments erected by the several commands of the Union army that were engaged there, and on these monuments they have writ ten in jdain words, cut in granite and bronze, telling of the desperate charge by Hoke's North Carolina Brigade and Hays' Louisiana Brigade, 2 July, 1S63; of the hand-to-hand encounter, after every round of ammunition had been fired ; of the capture and spiking of their guns. These are endur ing records. And on the Bachelcler maps the positions of these two brigades on the evening of the second dav are plainly marked as being on Cemetery Hill. I have Avritten briefly of the parts performed by the com mand to which I belonged. Being only a line officer, I could knoAV but little of Avhat was being clone on other parts of the line. But I desired especially to call attention to the "facts as being so \vell established, and yet so little known," and so seldom mentioned. No one can visit Gettysburg bat tlefield and stand on Cemetery Hill Avithout being convinced that it was the key to Meade's position ; nor can any one stand there and see the positions of the two armies, the Union ar- Capture of Cemetery Hill. 609 tillery and its supporting lines (the earth Avorks and stone Avails Avhich protected them are still plainly visible), Avith out being impressed what an undertaking it was to storm those heights. And as he reads the record of that charge, written in liA'ing letters on the Union monuments, he will admit that those Avho made it contributed thereby to the fame of the "Confederate Soldier." Let any North Carolinian go to Gettysburg, vie\v the grounds, study the operations of the several days of the fight, and the part performed by the several Confederate commands ; let him consider the facts — the Avell established facts — he will find no cause to blush, but he will be obliged to feel proud of his State. He Avill find the tracks of her soldiers all over that field, and he will find no record that reflects any 'discredit on them. They bore their part on the first day, along Seminary Ridge, and Rock Creek; on the second day, up the steeps of Cemetery Hill, capturing the guns Avhich croAvned its summit ; and on the third day, in the assault on Cemetery Ridge, erroneously called, by some, Pickett's charge, they made a record, Avhich North Carolina may, with pride, compare Avith that of any other troops. I Avish all the old Confederates who took part in that battle could go there now and view the grounds. They would be amazed at Avhat they did ; at how near they came to being successful. And if those who were not there on either day of the fight, and Avho yet attempt to write it up, would go there and learn the facts — the Avell-established facts — as shoAvn by the record, they Avould at once see that only dense ignorance is shown in attempting to Avrite up Gettysburg Avithout telling of North Carolina's creditable record in each day of the battle. N. W. Ray. Fayetteville, N. C. , 2 July 1894. Note.— All readers do not distinguish between Cemetery Hill which we carried (only to abandon) so gallantly on 2 July, and Cemetery Ridge which we assaulted in vain on 3 July. — Ed. 39 AN INCIDENT AT GETTYSBURG. THE TWO COLONELS. KENAN, C. S. A., AND CALLIS, U. S. A. This correspondence is published as illustrative of many similar occurrences between officers and men of the opposing forces. It also contains a statement of the operations of the first day's fight at Gettysburg by a ITnion officer Avho was a participant. An interesting coincidence about it is that both gentle men were born in the Cape Fear region of our State — one in Duplin and the other in Cumberland county. After the Avar both were members of the Legislature of their respective States. In 1808 both Ave re Democratic candidates for a seat in the United States House of Representatives, Callis being elected in Wisconsin, but Kenan defeated by the large Repub lican majority in his district in North Carolina : Raleigh, N. C, 22 August, 1893. General John B. Callis, Lancaster, Grant County, Wisconsin: My Dear Sir : — Upon a recent visit to Gettysburg and going over the ground where the first clay's battle Avas fought, I was forcibly reminded of the circumstances under Avhich I met you, and Avhich have been related by me to others, num bers of times in the last thirty years. You and I were in opposing commands. You were Lieu tenant-Colonel of the Seventh Wisconsin, and I Avas Colonel of the Forty-third North Carolina Infantry, Daniel's Bri gade, Rodes' Division, Ewell's Corps. After the engage ment had continued for some time the Union forces fell back and occupied Seminary Ridge, and later in the afternoon this became the point of attack by the Confederates and Avas car ried by them. The firing having ceased and comparative quiet restored, Lieutenant Shepherd, of my regiment, re ported to me that among the Avounded in our front Avas Lieu tenant-Colonel Callis, of the Seventh Wisconsin, and that he 612 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. (or his father's family) Avas from Fayetteville, N. C, Shep herd himself being also a Fayetteville man. This fact no doubt interested him. Thereupon I went forAvard and found you lying a little beyond the crest of the ridge, and about the spot Avhere I stood the other day at Gettysburg. After some conversation and doing Avhat I could in your behalf, I caused you to be carried to the building near by, in Avhich the Avounded Union soldiers Avere placed for immediate treat ment. I think it Avas the large brick Seminary building. And shortly afterAvards one of my men handed me a pair of splen did spurs which he said you had presented to me. I sent them home and have prized them highly ever since. I Avell remem ber telling you that "You are noAv my prisoner, and I'll treat you Avell ; I may be yours later on." And so it happened, for I Avas Avounded on Culp's Hill on 3 July, taken off the field, placed in an ambulance and captured on the retreat on the night of 4 July, Avith many other Avounded Confederates, and was a prisoner until the Avar closed. I hope Ave will meet at Gettysburg again, not on a hostile, but on a friendly historic field, Avhen our performances Avill be impressed Avith a character different from that of 1S63. A committee has been appointed by the government, charged with the duty of marking the lines of the Confederate troops in the interest of history, and I have been in correspondence with Colonel Bachelder, its chairman, in reference to that matter. I may therefore go to Gettysburg again, and, if so,' Avill write you, and request your presence at that time. I Avill be pleased to learn your military career after the time referred to above. The Adjutant-General of your State, upon my application, gave me your address. Yours truly, Thos. S. Kenan. To this letter the following reply was received : Lancaster, Wis., 3 September, 1893. Colonel Thos. S. Kenan, Raleigh, N. C. : My Dear Colonel : — Your favor of a recent date is be fore me and its contents highly appreciated. It contains convincing evidence of the fact that Ave met in deadly combat An Incident at Gettysburg. 613 on the historic field of Gettysburg 1 July, 1863, over thirty years ago — I noAv carrying a souvenir in the shape of a minie ball in my right lung, and you bearing honorable scars, evidencing the fact that Ave both fought desperately for the causes Ave individually thought just. And uoav after thirty years Ave are exchanging friendly greetings. Thus it is para- tur pax hello. I have always admired a gentleman who never forgets that he is a gentleman no matter what his environs may be, and must say that I took you to be such, when you kindly treated me as your prisoner of war on the field at Get tysburg, hence the presentation of my spurs, I thinking I would have no more use for them. I was doubtless somewhat delirious Avith pain when you came up to me, but the facts were so indelibly fixed on my mind that they are as fresh to me as though they Avere of yesterday, and are as folloAvs: On the morning of 1 July, 1863, about 9 :30 o'clock, the Iron Brigade, composed of the Second, Sixth and Seventh Wiscon sin, Nineteenth Indiana and TAventy-fourth Michigan, charged General Archer's Brigade on Willoughby's Run and captured General Archer and most of his brigade. In this charge my horse Avas killed and I Avas slightly Avounded, and not taking time to shed my spurs, I Avent in on foot. We held Willoughby's Run until 3 o'clock in the afternoon, when Ave found ourselves in the little end of a "V" being flanked on the right and left by A. P. Hill's and EAvell's Corps. Gen eral Reynolds, of our first corps haA'ing been killed and Gen eral Meredith, commanding our brigade, and most of Our field officers, having been Avounded or killed in the morning, AA'hat Avas left of our brigade Avas in a tight place. We moved by the right of companies to the rear, making the Seminary on the Ridge our objectiA'e point. Being closely pursued by the Confederates, Ave faced, AA'heeled into line and fired; then again by the right of companies to the rear, loading on the march, and, as before, AA'heeled into line and fired.' We exe cuted the same movement Avith terrible effect. Many a brave North Carolinian bit the dust in that move ment before Ave reached the Seminary. At this juncture I was shot in the right breast, the ball entering my lung, Avhere it still remains. Captain Hobert, of my regiment, made a 614 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. detail, Avith himself, to take me off the field. They carried me over the pike into a field near the old railroad grade, AA'here they were compelled to surrender and were taken prisoners to the rear, leaving me Avhere you found me. The first thing I remember, I was surrounded by private Confederate sol diers, avIio were curiously examining my uniform, they taking my coat off, in the side pocket of Avhich Avas my pocket book containing $220 in greenbacks and gold, Avith papers by which I might be identified should I be found dead on the field. They Avent and sat doAvn on the railroad grade near by and Avere examining the contents of the pocketbook when an officer came to me and saw my condition. He interroga ted me as to my rank, regiment, name and nativity, and in stooping over me to catch my Avoids I though I could see signs of pity depicted on his face, AA'hich gave me hope. I asked him to unbuckle the spur from my boot. He did so and see ing the other foot bootless, he asked its meaning. I told him some of the men had pulled it off Avithout unbuckling the spur and that it nearly tore the leg off. He looked around and found the boot Avith the spur on it ; he to« >k it off and threAV the boots and spurs by my side, asking at the same time if they had taken anything else from me. I told them they had taken my coat and money. He inquired avIio they Avere, and I, pointing to them on the railroad grade, said, "There they are iioav." He looked and saAv them and ordered them to re store the pocketbook and money, Avhich they did — he placing the book and money in an inside pocket of my coat. I told him to take the money and send it to my family, as I feared it Avould be an incentive for the men to finish me and take the money as soon as his back Avas turned on me. Lie replied, "I Avill see that you arc taken care of," and I soon found my self in charge of tAvo Confederates, one a German and one an Irishman, Avith a negro to bring Avater and pour on my wounds, and faithfully loo, they did their Avhole duty. I looked around and found that you Avere not in sight. I told the men that I Avas glad that I had given you mv spurs as a partial reward for your kindness, and the Irishman replied, "Yis, sor, he's a mighty foine man, so he is sor." And the German said, "Yah, he bin so better as 2,-ude." I think this An Incident at Gettysburg. 615 was the first thing that provoked a smile since I had been shot. You know it rained that night, AA'hich Avas a God-send to me, for it cooled the fever that was burning in me. In this condition I lay on the field until the afternoon of 3 July, Avhen the Confederates commenced falling back over me, and I fearing the cavalry and artillery might crush me, begged the men to take me to some place of safety, and they took me to a little house just across the pike and left me on the porch until the owner of the house came, Avho Avas a kind-hearted old Pennsylvania German, and he took me in and placed me on a straw bed in the corner of the room. The tAvo men having heard that you were killed dodged into the cellar and remained there all night. On the morning of the 4th, Gen eral Buford's Cavalry came in pursuit of the Confederate forces and his chief surgeon caused me to be taken into the city Avhere I received the best of care in a private house for three months before I could be removed to my home. * * (Here followed an account of his subsequent military ser vices, promotion to Brigadier-General and election to Con gress in 1868.) I have told the story of the spurs and your kindness until it has become a "campfire story" all over the State, and told it as I relate it to you ; and I Avish there Avere more frequently such interchange of friendly greetings betAA-een ex-Confeder ate and Union soldiers as this betAveen you and me. I Avas born in Fayetteville, N. C, 3 January, 1828. When I Avas ten years old my father removed to Benton county, Ten nessee, and in 1S40 to Lancaster, Grant county, Wisconsin, Avhile it Avas a Territory. After I Avas of age I Avas actively engaged in business pursuits until 1861, Avhen the call to arms Avas sounded in tones of thunder from the mouth of the first gun that Avas fired on the proud emblem of our nation ality, then floating over the Avails of Fort Sumter. I then conceived it to be not only my priA'ilege, but my patriotic duty to abandon my business, my home and my family for a time and go to battle for the Nation's safety. My father, Avhose memory I revere, vieAving the situation from a South ern standpoint, but at the same time being honest in his con victions, advised otherwise, saying that I Avas going to Avar 616 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. with my oavu flesh and blood, as all of our relatives lived in the South, but I followed the dictates of my own convictions and Avent, and ever since have been proud of having done my ¦ duty. * * * Keep the spurs, Colonel, with my blessing, but I hope the occasion may never come for you to use them so vigorously that you Avill think yourself criminally guilty of cruelty to animals, as I have, many times. Pardon me, if I have de ployed my skirmish line of thought on untenable ground, in this my disconnected answer to your tersely written commu nication of 22 August. With assurances of my highest re gard and sincere desire for mutual and perpetual good feel ing and friendly relations, I am very respectfully yours, John B. Callis. P. S. — I shall be more than glad to meet you at Gettys burg as indicated in your favor, my health permitting. C. The ill health of General Callis prevented his meeting Col onel Kenan at Gettysburg as proposed, and he died in the year 1897. ELANNER'S BATTERY AT THE CRATER, 30 JULY, 1864. By CAPT. H. G. FLANNER, Company F, 13th N. C. Battalion. I claim that the battery commanded by me and composed entirely of North Carolinians is entitled to the credit of pre venting the Federal army from entering Petersburg on the morning of the springing of the mine. The facts are these : The mine was sprung about daylight of 29 July (30 July. Ed.), and was immediately folhywed by the capture and oc cupation of our line of breastAvorks by the enemy. They re mained in the Avorks until 8 o'clock before making prepara tions for the adA'ance. About that time they reformed line of battle and began advancing towards the city. Flannels Battery was posted in the main road near the Gee House, about tAA'o hundred yards in rear of the Confederate breast Avorks, immediately in rear of the mine, forming Avhat might be considered a second line, but entirely Avithout infantry support. Immediately upon the advance of the enemy Ave opened on them Avith shell and canister, and they soon sought shelter in their trenches. In a few minutes they again formed and commenced advancing. Again we opened on them Avith our six guns. The enemy pressed steadily for Avard, Avhen our guns were doubled charged Avith canister, and a deadly fire was poured into their ranks. Their lines Avere then broken, and they fled to the Avorks and there remained till our infantry composed of the brigades of Mahone, Girar- dy and Sanders, all under the command of Mahone, arrived, and Avere placed in position preparatory to making the final charge Avhich resulted in the recapture of the Avorks about 2 o'clock in the day. The fire of the enemy, from nearly one hundred guns, was concentrated upon my company for tAvo hours ; but amid this terrible rain of deadly missiles these braA'e North Caroli- 618 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. nians stood to their guns and repulsed every advance made by the enemy, holding them in check alone, and Avithout in fantry support, until the arrival of General Beauregard with the troops commanded by Mahone before mentioned. We claim the honor of saving the day, and preventing what might have been a very serious disaster and probable loss of Petersburg. No one save those Avho went through the fiery ordeal can form the slightest conception of the fury of this attack. Not less than fifty shells a minute Avere hurled at the company; and but for the protection afforded them by the sides of the road, they Avould have been SAvept off the face of the earth. There are those now living who can confirm my statement, and if this should meet the eyes of gentlemen cognizant of these details, they Avill doubtless do us this justice. The his tory of a battle can not truthfully be Avritten from the stand point of any one man, although present in the engagement. It is clue, therefore, to the brave men who composed my com mand that they should be properly placed upon the record. We do not Avisli to lessen the claims to AA'hich the valorous troops of other commands are entitled, but let us make such contributions as the future historian can Avork into a con tinuous narratiA'e and do justice to all. Henry G. Flanner. Wilmington, N. C, 30 July, 1S77. Note. — The above article by Captain Henry G. Flanner as to the ser vices of his Battery. Company F, Thirteenth North Carolina Battalion, (see Vol 4 p. 3o4, of this work) at the Crater is taken from Vol. 5, Southern Historical Papers, pages 247-'24S, and deserves reproduction here. Captain Flanner lnd. as he states, no direct infantrv support, in his rear, but the enemy were prevented from debouching not only by the effective fire of his guns but by the Confederate Infantry on either side who would have taken them in flank and rear had they advanced. A very vivid, interesting and accurate account of that day and probably the best extant, is that given by Captain Robert D. Graham, Fifty-sixth North Carolina Infantry, in Vol. 3. of this work, at pp. 371-374. The battery styled by him as Latham's (its former Captain) was Flanner's at that date — Editor. EXPERIENCE OE ERISO/iERS U/t DER EIRE AT MORRIS ISLAND. By CHAS. M. BUSBEE, Serg't-Major Fifth Eegiment, N. C. T. I was captured at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House 12 May, 1864. Many other prisoners were captured at the same time. During the clay Ave were marched to the rear of the Federal Army and spent the night in a field in AA'hich thousands of cattle had been herded during the clay. We slept upon the ground in dirty mud, the rain falling upon us all night. The next day Ave were marched via Fredericks burg to a landing on the Potomac River called Belle Plaine, and there were put on a cattle steamer and taken to Fort Del- aAvare. This fort Avas the abiding place of many Confeder ate prisoners and Avas located on an island in the DelaAvare RiA'er, about seventy-five or one hundred miles beloAv Phila delphia. Many of the prisoners had friends and kinspeople in the North and Avere the recipients of money and clothing. There Avas a very unique and I have no doubt profitable (to the au thorities of the prison) financial method of delivering to the prisoners Avhat money was sent to them from the outside. The funds so sent Avere not delivered in cash, but in the shape of sutler's checks. These checks Avere small, oblong pieces of parchment with their value printed on them, ranging from 5 cents to one dollar, and Avere received as cash by the sutler. For exchanging the cash sent to any prisoner into these sut lers' checks, the prison authorities charged a commission of 10 per cent., so that for $5.00 sent to any prisoner, he re ceived only $4.50 in checks. Somebody's pocket Avas nicely lined by this performance. The Summer Avas passed Avith the constant hope that Ave would be exchanged. Many were the methods of passing the 620 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. time. The main amusement was gambling in a mild form. Faro hanks, chuckaluck tables, vingt et un (familiarly called vantoon) and other games were liberally patronized, Con federate money and sutlers tickets being the stakes. I re member a Captain Morgan, of Kentucky, who ran a faro table and who had acquired three old carpetbags full of Con federate money in the business. During the Summer smallpox broke out among the prison ers. Thereupon the prison authorities insisted upon a wholesale vaccination. That would have been all right if pure vaccine virus had been used, but the virus used Avas not pure, and the result was that much suffering ensued. Many prisoners got in a fearful condition by reason of being vacci nated with the poisonous virus that Avas used and were com pelled to go to the hospital on account of their condition. Many did not recover for months. I escaped by showing a scar from vaccination AA'hen a child. During the Summer, the Federal batteries on Morris Island, near Charleston, Avere shelling the City of Charles ton, imperiling the lives of non-combatants, consisting of Avomen, children and old men. The Confederate Govern ment as a protection to these helpless people, placed six hun dred Federal prisoners of Avar (mostly officers) AA'ithin that part of the city AA'hich Avas more especially under the fire of the Federal batteries, and notified the Federal authorities that this had been done and the purpose for AA'hich it Avas done. As an act of retaliation the Federal authorities took six hundred Confederate prisoners AA'ho Avere at the time in carcerated in Fort DeleAvare (AA'ho Avere understood to have been clraAA'ii by lot) and sent them to Morris Island, placing them Avithin a stockade located betAveen the famous batteries Gregg and Wagner, and Avithin the direct line of fire from the Confederate batteries on Sullivan's Island and Fort Sum ter. These prisoners Avere carried from Fort DeleAvare to Morris Island in the steamship Crescent, AA'hich Avas guarded on its Avay doAvn South by two gun-boats. There Avere many disagreeable incidents connected Avith the trip, some of Avhich were perhaps necessary, but some could haA'e been avoided. One incident I Avell remember because it occasioned con- Prisoners Under Fire at Morris Island. 621 siderable suffering. The officers of the ship allowed the drinking- Avater to giA'e out. The weather Avas hot, it being in August, and Avhile off Hilton Head it was announced that the drinking Avater was out. We went Avithout Avater from the morning of one day to the afternoon of the next, about thirty hours. I, Avith many others, tried the experiment of letting down a bottle through a little porthole into the sea and endeavoring to slake our thirst with Avater from the ocean, but Ave found it impossible to do so. When Ave reached Morris Island Ave Avere put on shore in the stockade Avhich was erected on the beach about forty or fifty feet from the water. Our quarters consisted of simple "A" tents arranged in parallel rows and forming streets be tween each two rows. In each street were two or three holes dug into the sand into which brackish Avater oozed and which were called by extreme courtesy "springs." From them we got our drinking Avater. The stockade had a platform around it, near the top, upon AA'hich were posted guards Avith orders to fire upon any one AA'ho might break any rule of the prison, whether inadvertently or not. The stockade Avas square. I do not remember its exact size. We were guarded by the no torious Twenty-fourth Regiment of Massachusetts Infantry, which Avas the first regiment of negroes who were enlisted by the Federal Government. Its first commander was Colonel Shaw, of Boston, who was killed in the assault on Battery Wagner. At the time when it was doing guard duty over us, its commander Avas one Colonel Hallowell, of Philadelphia, a man Avhose character will be fittingly described by an inci dent which I will mention further on. Our life within this stockade was not particularly pleasant. We had to perform all police duties connected Avith the camp, being guarded by these negro soldiers and ordered about by negro Sergeants and Corporals. Our rations consisted of one small piece of Chicago meat about an inch and a half or two inches square and a cup of corn meal mush twice a day. The desire to retaliate in kind was emphatically evidenced by this last article of food. The prisoners in Charleston were being fed upon excellent cornbread and so the Federal author ities brought down for us from the North in a schooner, corn 622 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. meal in bulk which on the journey become utterly unfit for food. NotAvithstanding this fact, they fed it to us in the form of mush as they Avere not able to make cornbread. And to this day no good cornbread is ever seen north of Mason and Dixon's line. They fed it to us Avithout sifting, so that when it Avas serA'ed it contained all the impurities and animal life, Avhich it had acquired on its sea voyage from the North. When complaint Avas made to Colonel HalloAvell he was re ported to have cynically said that Ave ought not to complain because AA-e Avere getting our fresh meat and bread both to gether. Smoking tobacco Avas not obtainable at all and the only cheAving tobacco Ave could get Avas Avhat Avas then knoAvn as navy plug, a vile compound of the meanest tobacco and licor ice. HoAvever, those av!io cheAvecl managed to get along Avith it and also to manufacture a smoke out of it. It Avas not an uncommon sight to see on a little piece of board outside of a tent, Avell cheAved pieces of tobacco drying out in the sun for smoking purposes. I remember one Sergeant Avho Avas in charge of the street upon Avhich the tent I occupied was located. He Avas for merly a slave of General Wm. A. Blount, and hearing my name, he made inquiries of me and ascertained AA'ho I Avas. Ever afterAvards he Avould do me any act of kindness in his poAver. In the distribution of the daily rations, the meat being carried around in an empty cracker box and the mush in a large A'essel, he Avould frequently, AA'heneA'er he could do so Avithout being seen, giA'e me a double portion. I wish I could remember his first name, but he had Blount as his family name. As I have said, the stockade Avas placed in the line of tire of the Confederate batteries on SulliA'an's Island, Avhich Avere shelling Battery Wagner. The Confederate gunners Avould cut their fuses so as to endeavor to prevent any shell from exploding in our neighborhood, but on more than one occa sion a shell exploded prematurely and on one occasion that I Avell remember, a shell burst directly over the stockade and threAv seA'eral of its fragments among us, but fortunately, striking no one. In the latter part of October we Avere Prisoners Under Fire at Morris Island. 623 moA'ed from Morris Island to Fort Pulaski, at the mouth of the Savannah RiA'er. An incident that hapjiened on the day Ave left Morris Island Avill sIioav the character of Colonel HalloAvell. It Avas against orders for any prisoner to leave his tent in the morn ing before reA'eille for any purpose. The evening before the day of our departure,, notice Avas giA'en to the prisoners that this rule Avould not be enforced the next morning. HoAvever, no notice Avas given to the guards surrounding the stockade of any relaxation of the regular rule. The consequence was that Avhen the first man relying upon the notice went out of his tent the next morning to get some Avater from one of the springs, he Avas fired upon by one of the negro guard. The ball went through his knee and on into the shoulder of an other prisoner lying asleep in a tent on the opposite side of the street. We Avere taken from Morris Island to Fort Pulaski in the hold of a schooner tOAA'ed, as I remember, by a gun-boat or steamer. While on the Avay a plan Avas perfected to cut a hole through the side of the schooner and take the chance of escaping to shore. Upon the night of our arriA'al in the stream off Fort Pulaski the scheme Avas carried into effect, but the first man out into the Avater (whose name I forget), Avas seized Avith cramp AA-hile SAvimming to shore and made such a noise in the Avater as to attract the attention of the Avatch on one of the Avar vessels aa'Iio turned a searchlight and discovered him. The scheme for escape was thereby frus trated. I think the plan of escape Avas under the direction of Major Goldsborough, of Baltimore. Our quarters at Fort Pulaski Avere in the casemates of the fort. We slept in double Avooden bunks of tAvo stories, three men in the upper bunk and three in the loAver. Our rations Avere very meagre, but Ave got four crackers per day instead of mush. After I left Fort Pulaski I understood that the prisoners AA'ho remained eat all the cats in the fort, of Avhich there vras quite a- number, steAving them on the stove in tin cans. Fort Pulaski is not a pleasant habitation at any time and my recollections of it are not of the rosiest hue. It was particularly exasperating to be encased within a dun- 624 North Carolina Troops, lS61-'65. geon-like hole and gaze while almost starving through the grated casemate Avindow at oysters in abundance clinging to the sides of the moat Avhich surrounded the fort. If a personal reminiscence will be excused, I Avill state hoAv I got out of Fort Pulaski, as it illustrates the fact that combi nations exist in all places. General W. LI. Mulford, who Avas the Federal Agent of Exchange, entered into negotia tions with Colonel W. H. Hatch, the Assistant Agent of Ex change of the Confederate Army (who Avas afterwards a dis tinguished member of Congress from Missouri) for the pur pose of exchanging the sick prisoners in Charleston and Fort Pulaski respectively. They had a conference on the subject and after agreeing to the exchange of the sick, one said to the other (it matters not which one), "Noav if you have any special friends in prison AA'hom you Avould like especially to get out, why you just add six names to your sick list and I Avill add six names to mine." The proposition was accepted and so six names of prisoners who were not sick were added to the list. I, fortunately, was one of the six added to the list of those who were to be released from Fort Pulaski. I OAved this blessing to Lieutenant M. J. O'Brien, who Avas an Aide on Colonel Hatch's staff. I did not knoAv Lieutenant O'Brien nor did he know me. but his interest in me had been enlisted by a mutual friend, a Mr. Dennis Redmond, who edited an agricultural paper at Augusta, Ga.. and AA'ho was a great friend of my grandmother ; and who, when he learned that I Avas in prison, had asked Lieutenant O'Brien (av!io was his intimate friend) to do what he could for me if oppor tunity offered. Lieutenant O'Brien is now the efficient Gen eral Manager of the Southern Express Company. I well remember what I was doing AA'hen my name was called out in Fort Pulaski for exchange, but for Avhat pur pose neither I nor any one else could at the time imagine. I Avas playing a game of seven up with Captain John Cowan, of Wilmington, for a cracker. It was a common game among the prisoners, although the stakes were high and the victor had extra luxurious living for the day. From Fort Pulaski those who Avere to be exchanged were taken in a steamer to Charleston harbor, Avhen the exchange was effected. Prisoners Under Fire at Morris Island. 625 I have given from memory after this long interval some of the incidents that I remember as connected Avith my prison experience. I have not attempted to give a complete recital nor to philosophize on the subject. I have forgotten many things connected with my Summer and Fall outing in 1864, and I have written this fragmentary sketch only at the ur gent request of the Editor of this work and to put on endur ing record something that Avill recall one phase of the hard ships suffered by the soldiery of the South. Chas. M. Busbee. Raleigh, N. C. 31 December, 1901. 40 TVENTT-SIXTH BATTALIO/i. (FREEMAN'S BATTALION.) Br THE EDITOR. The foUoAving should have been printed in Vol. 4, p. 401, as Twenty-sixth Battalion. This battalion was the Prison Guard at Salisbury and ren dered faithful and onerous service. It was known as "Free man's Battalion" and consisted of three companies : Company A — Captain C. D. Freeman — 110 men. Company B — Captain H. P- Allen — 108 men. Company C — Captain E. D. Sneed — 112 men. See "Salisbury Prison, by Chaplain A. W. Mangum," Vol. 4, at p. 753. That article also gives us a fair conception of the nature of the duties, often most unpleasant, performed by these companies. But beyond that narrative, we have very little information. CO/IPANY B, TENTH VIRGINIA CAVALRY. By H. R. BERRIER, Orderly Sergeant. This company Avas raised in RoAvan, Davie and Davidson counties, N. C. W. B. Clements, of Davie, Avas Captain; H. J. Grimes, of Davidson, First Lieutenant; T. F. Grimes and G. A. Bingham, of Davie Avere Second Lieutenants. The company, when first organized, was known as the "North Carolina Rangers," and was attached to the Wise Legion. The company Avas in the battle of Roanoke Island, but suc ceeded in escaping capture. It Avent thence to Murfreesboro, N. C, and came under the command of Colonel W. J. Clarke, of the TAventy-fourth Regiment N. C. T., and did picket duty. After the burning of the town of Winton, N. C, by the enemy, the scattered troops of Wise's Legion Avere ordered to Richmond, Va., where the Legion Avas reorganized with 6even A'irginia companies, one .North Carolina company, one Kentucky company and one Louisiana company. These ten companies formed AA'hat Avas afterAvards known as the Tenth Virginia Cavalry, commanded by J. Lucius Davis. The regiment was Avith Wade Hampton in the charge at Seven Pines (or Fair Oaks). Four of the company were wounded, none killed. Company B lost seA-en men at Gaines' Mills and was under fire at both battles of Cold Harbor, Second battle of Manassas, Antietam (or Sharpsburg), and first Fredericksburg. In the Gettysburg campaign Company B was under fire eighteen days out of twenty-one consecutive days. We forded the Potomac river at an old deer crossing, destroyed the canal, besides seventeen packet boats loaded with commissaries for the Federal army and went near enough to Washington to see the big guns on the breastworks. We burnt Montgomery Blair's house and after numerous small skirmishes we reached Hanover, where we had a hard fight and lost some of our best men, and reached Lee's army 628 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. at Gettysburg 2 July and were in Hampton's famous charge on the 3d. On the morning of the 4th this writer, although only an Orderly Sergeant, found himself in command of the Tenth Virginia Cavalry and remained in command until we got to Williamsport, AA'here most of the scattered men came in. After this Company B Avas Avith Lee constantly in front of Grant from Culpepper Court House over the Rapidan to Appomattox. At Brandy Station (or FleetAVOod) Company B lost seven of its best men. At Reams Station it lost five men killed and nine wounded. At Stony Creek, twenty miles south of Petersburg, Company B lost one-ninth of its entire number present. At Appomattox it was helping Fitz- hugh Lee to burn part of Grant's Avagon train where one of Company B's oldest veterans lost his life (Corporal Clodfel- ter). This Avriter lost his right leg at the very close of the war. The larger part of Company B did not surrender, but made their Avay home with their horses and arms and also their least severely AA'ounded. H. R. Berrier. Bagdad, N. C , 31 December, 1901. Note. — Every effort has been made to get a narrative of Company G, Sixty-first Virginia, and other North Carolina companies which served in regiments from other States, but nothing has been obtained beyond the data given in the article on "North Carolinians in other Commands," already printed in this work, Vol. 4, p. 403.— Ed. THE HOME GUARDS. By JAMES R. COLE, Colonel Fourth Regiment H. G. In addition to what has been already stated as to the North Carolina Llome Guards in this work, I wish to add the follow ing: Having- served as a private soldier in Fort Macon under Col. TeAv in the months of April, May and June, 1861, I was promoted to be First Sergeant in Co. F, Nineteenth North Carolina (Second Cavalry), in which I served nearly a year, and was in the battle of New Bern and several smaller fights ; was then made Adjutant of the Fifty-fourth Regiment and served in Eastern North Carolina and in Virginia ; was then transferred to the Adjutancy of the Twenty-second North Carolina Regiment, then near Berryville, Va., in the Shen andoah Valley. After the battle of Fredericksburg and the winter of 1862-'63, I returned home to Greensboro, N. C, on account of my health. Soon thereafter, while in Raleigh on my way to the Army of Northern Virginia, I was informed by General Gatlin that Governor Vance had appointed me Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Home Guards, and wished me to take immediate command. I returned home and or ganized ten companies out of the two militia regiments of Guilford county. I suppose there Avere as many as 1,000 men in the regiment before it Avas depleted by the Confeder ate Act of 17 March, 1864, which took the men from 45 to 50 into the army as Senior Reserves. The county was divided into districts and the officers and men had specific duties to perform in guarding bridges, arresting deserters and return ing them to the army, protecting the people against, deserters, robbers and traitors. At this time of the Avar (latter part of 1863, all of 1864 and 1865, until the close of the war) this portion of the State Avas overrun by deserters not only from North Carolina, but from all the States south, as it Avas in the direct path to their homes. On the waters of Deep River, 630 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. the Buffaloes, Yadkin and in all that broken wooded country were safe hiding places for these desperate and lawless men, and they had many sympathizers and friends to conceal them. These deserters and outlaws were well armed and reckless, and terrorized the country and murdered, stole, burnt and made it as dangerous as to be in the midst of moving armies. I received orders to arm, provision and keep in the field as many men under their officers as I thought necessary. Lieu tenant-Colonel Faucett and Major Summers, of the regiment, were assigned to their respective localities and every Captain had orders from me to patrol his district and keep it clear of lawless men. Captain Hildesheimer and Adjutant Richard Sterling and myself joined various parties, frequently in the night, and run down and captured many deserters and re turned them to the army. This service, Avhile very onerous and disagreeable, was also at times very dangerous. Bands of desperate men would waylay us, secrete themselves in dense thickets on the side of the road Ave were travelling and attempt our lives. I kept myself in communication with the Adjutant-General and the Governor, and had many vexations because of apparent con flict of State and Confederate laws. The Governor sustained me in all my efforts and the service rendered by the officers and men was highly efficient and creditable. It was also my duty to aid the enrolling officer to enforce the Conscript law and send to the army men within the Conscript age. Dr. Glenn of Guilford, Avas the Surgeon of my regiment, and ren dered valuable aid in this department of the service. On different occasions I ordered the entire regiment from the whole county to meet in Greensboro for drill and instruction and the commands Avere promptly obeyed. In the Fall of 1864, an emergency having arisen by the invasion of the east ern part of the State and by heavy reinforcements of the en emy, Governor Vance ordered out about one-third of the Home Guard (I think) and about fifty companies from dif ferent parts of the State Avere ordered to Goldsboro. The Governor ordered me to take command of the troops sent to that point, and, under the direction of General C. Leven thorpe, to organize the First Regiment in the field of which I Home Guards. 631 was appointed Colonel; W. F. Green, of Franklin, Lieuten ant-Colonel, and A. Summers, of Guilford, Major. Out of the fifty companies I formed ten. Out of the hundred officers, I selected forty. Captain Hildesheimer, of Guilford, was ap pointed Quartermaster ; Lieutenant Banks, of Wake, was ap pointed Adjutant; Sergeant Hannah, of Guilford, was ap pointed Sergeant-Ma j or. When the organization was com plete and arms procured and the men uniformed, I made my report to General Leventhorpe and was gratified to receive the approval of himself and his Adjutant-General, Major Bond. Tents had been furnished the regiment and we were fully in the field and ready for whatever service might fall to our lot. The men were drilled every morning in squad and company drill by their officers and for two hours every afternoon in regimental drill by myself, assisted by the field and staff officers. In November it was reported that the enemy was approach ing from the direction of New Bern and I was ordered by General Leventhorpe to take my regiment to Kinston and take charge of a long line of breastworks on the eastern side of the Neuse river to meet the enemy as he approached Kin ston. General Leventhorpe commanded the brigade com posed of my regiment, the Seventh Regiment of Cavalry, Cumming's Battery of Artillery, a South Carolina Battery, several heavy guns along the breastworks and two or three other regiments of infantry. In the absence of General Lev enthorpe, as the next in rank, I commanded the brigade. Under my immediate command when not commanding the brigade, was the First Regiment Home Guards, the South Carolina Artillery and the battery of heavy guns on the breastworks. Guards and scouting parties Avere throAvn for ward towards the enemy at intervals day and night, drills were kept up, officers instructed, and all the duties of soldiers so well performed that six weeks after the organization of the regiment, General Leventhorpe, on inspecting, review ing and witnessing its drill, paid us the high compliment of saying, "You have accomplished wonders." We felt grati fied because of this compliment coming from a soldier and gentleman of age and experience, and from a man whose supe- 632 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. rior for manliness, courage, gentility and all the elements of nobility it Avould be hard to find. On one occasion Avhen we were looking for an attack by the enemy the Sergeant on duty found a young South Carolina soldier asleep on his post guarding the heavy artillery. The Sergeant arrested him and put him in the guard house. Charges Avere preferred by order of the General and he was about to be tried for his life. I asked the General if he could not let the soldier off from further punishment, as he Avas nearly scared to death now. General Leventhorpe, after consideration, told me to show him how narroAvly he had es caped a disgraceful death and release him. This is a speci men of the General's kindness, and yet he was a strict disci plinarian. My regiment was called upon to take part in the execution of three deserters at one time, and many other unpleasant duties fell to their lot. The regiment had about 500 men, and during the many months they Avere in active service there were very feAV infractions of discipline and disobedience of orders. Lieutenant-Colonel Green Avas a laAA'yer of fine abil ity and a soldier of approA'ed courage on the field of battle. I wish I could recall the names of the many officers Avho aided me so efficiently in making the regiment equal to the best in the army. Nearly all of them had seen hard service in the field in other commands. In the winter the regiment was relieved by other com mands, and ordered on other duty. When Fort Fisher Avas threatened the regiment Avas ordered out to the part of the State then threatened and from that time to the close of the Avar part of the command Avere in the field and part per forming duty in their respective counties. When Sherman Avas inarching through North Carolina and Stoneman at the head of 5,000 horsemen was coming through the mountains in the Avest, General Beauregard took command Avith headquarters at Greensboro. Governor Vance left the Capitol and established himself in the same city and General Leventhorpe had his command entrenched north and Avest of the same place. GoA'ernor Vance directed me to report to General Beauregard some time in March and I received Home Guards. 633 orders from him to take command of a scouting party of about twenty Avell mounted and Avell armed men and set out for the mountains to meet Stoneman and send back accurate information about his force and movements. Passing through Guilford, Forsyth, Stokes and Surry, Ave came upon the en emy near Pilot Mountain and I sent a courier back to Gen eral Beauregard Avith information nine hours later than any he had preA'iously received. I met Colonel Belo at the head of a company of cavalry and other Confederate cavalry joined in Avatching the enemy. I folloAved a body of Stone man's cavalry into Virginia and learning through other par ties that the enemy was going to Southwestern Virginia, I started back Avith my command and arrived in Greensboro just a feAV hours ahead of a part of Stoneman's troopers who had pursued a different route from that follovved by my command. Lee's army about this time surrendered and AA-hile Sherman Avas marching toAvards Greensboro in pursuit of Johnston's army and Johnston Avas entering into negotia tions for surrendering, I received orders one morning from Governor Vance to assume the duties of Chief Quartermas ter of the State and take charge of all the goods, and property belonging to the State at Greensboro, and distribute the clothing to the soldiers, State and Confederate. This prop erty filled several large Avarehouses and Avas probably worth a million dollars. There AA'ere probably 20,000 soldiers of the various armies in the toAvn and round about, and Lee's paroled soldiers Avere arriving daily. The soldiers, rendered desperate by misfortune and defeat and insubordinate to all command, Avere storming houses, breaking into military stores, taking horses and wagons, and a general riot and mutiny was threatened and several men Avere killed. Under these circumstances I took charge and after several days hard work, assisted by a score of earnest assistants and guarded by 300 soldiers under Major Brantley, of Mississippi, the goods Avere distributed among the soldiers and thousands of men from all parts of the. Confederacy went aAvay from Greens boro on their way home clothed by the State of North Caro lina by order of her great Governor. The soldiers were dis- 634 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. banded and returned to their homes and my last service to my country was performed at my own home in helping to clothe our brave, ragged soldiers. The above is about all I can recall at this late date, for I have no rolls or papers or other data. But for these Guards, raised for home defence, anarchy, murder and arson would have reigned in the interior of our State. James R. Cole. Dallas, Texas, 31 December, 1901. HOfiE QUARDS RACE STOflEMAfl. APRIL, 1865. By T. GEO. WALTON, Col. Eighth Regiment N. C. Home Guards Not long before Lee's surrender I had caused some earth defences to be thrown up on the south side of the Catawba river at a point known as the Rocky Ford. The crossing there was by a low bridge. After comparatively a short dis tance on both sides of the river the ground becomes precip itous. When Stoneman approached the river the officers of the Federal troops could be plainly seen from our position directing the movements of their troops. Governor Vance, at my solicitation, had furnished us with a cannon of large calibre. This I placed under the command of Lieutenant Mark Erwin, a gallant officer. Sev enty soldiers from the Western counties were placed behind the breastworks above mentioned, on the bank of the river, supported by the Home Guards in reserve. These kept up a continuous and effective fire on the Federal troops when they approached the river and prevented their efforts to cross. Being thus held in check, the enemy sent a heavy de tachment several miles up the river which crossed at Flem- ming's Ford where there was no sufficient force to oppose their passage. In the meantime our cannon was struck and disabled by a cannon ball from the forces opposite to us. Lieutenant-Colonel S. McD. Tate, of the Sixth Regiment N. C. T., was home on wounded furlough at the time and aided me with his experience and advice. When neAvs came that the flanking party from up the river was taking us in the rear, our cannon being already rendered useless, as stated, our troops at Rocky Ford were Avithdrawn and Colonel Tate and I rode off just in time to prevent being caught in a cul de sac. The Home Guards and the other troops did their duty, but we were greatly outnumbered. It was to our credit 636 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65 that Ave held Stoneman's vastly superior force in check till his flanking force had crossed the river above and Avere ready to take us in the rear. Our scarcity of men forbade an ade quate force being placed at Flemming's Ford to prevent the enemy from crossing there. T. Geo. Walton. MOEGANTON, N. C. , 31 December, 1901. Note. — Col. Walton, who commanded the Home Guards in the fight at Rocky Ford is now in his 86th year, but his account is clear and valuable. A similar account of the e\'ent is also given by Major A. C. Avery in the history of his Battalion, Vol. 4 (of this work) at p. 376. — Ed. HILLSBORO MILITARY ACADEMY; ITS REL/VTIOfl TO THE WAR. By WILLIAM CAIN, Cadet Captain, Company A. In 1859 Colonel C. C. Tew, of South Carolina, established a military school at Hillsboro, N. C, that was modeled after the Military Academy at West Point and the State Military Academies of Virginia and South Carolina. The usual four years (college) course was prescribed and in addition a pre paratory course of one year was offered, Avhich was perhaps necessary in the beginning to ensure sufficient numbers to make the school self-supporting. Colonel TeAv was a graduate of the South Carolina Mili tary Academy, afterAvards a professor and in 1857-'9 super intendent of the Arsenal Academy at Columbia, S. C. His thorough training and genius as a military man were illustrated at Hillsboro, where in one year's time, the corps of cadets was thoroughly organized, uniformed, armed and superbly drilled. The value to the State of this trained body of young sol diers Avas appreciated as soon as the Civil War began, for North Carolina had no other military school within her bor ders but this and the one at Charlotte under Colonel D. H. Hill, also very recently organized, though there were a few classical schools Avith military features.* In 1861 Avhen the State seceded, the number of students at the LI. M. A. was one hundred and thirty. Very soon a large number of men who had been elected officers in the Con federate Army and who were entirely Avithout military train- * The school of Capt. C B. Denson contributed several valuable offi cers to the State, see Vol. 4, page 420. There were several other schools of like character. As indicative of the patriotism of the youth, Horner's school at Oxford, all presumably under 17. met en masse 1 March, 1865, and tendered their services to Governor Vance to help de fend the State in her last extremity. —Ed. C38 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. ing, came to Hillsboro to be drilled by the cadets and it was certainly a novel sight to see the little cadets, from 13 years old and upwards, each tramping his squad of grown and some times grizzled men, over the parade ground and to witness the grim seriousness with which the future veterans took their temporary military subjection to their juniors in years. The work of the academy was soon suspended, Colonel Tew and all the professors going into the army and the cadets serv ing as drill masters in various regiments, or permanently joining the fighting ranks — in fact very few of the old cadets returned to the academy on its re-opening in March, 1862, under Major W. M. Gordon. The influx of such trained numbers of men into the army at this critical period, not only in this State, but over the entire South, was highly advantageous and the effects incalculable; for the raw officers and men who constituted the Confederate Army knew nothing of tactics or discipline and the army was a mere assembly of immense proportions until the cadets of the several military academies and the few officers of the old United States Army brought order out of chaos. In three months' time these contributed principally to making a fairly well drilled and disciplined force out of very raw materials. As the value of this assistance is not generally known, it is meet that it should be recorded. The labors were great, for generally only three or four drill-masters could be furnished each regiment, but the enthu siasm of privates and officers helped to overcome difficulties and I recall one regiment, the Twenty-fifth North Caro lina, in which the officers all formed themselves into a com pany and were drilled as privates by one of the drill-masters, thus illustrating the maxim, "Obeir pour savoir commander." As previously stated, the academy was reopened in March, 1862, and the number of students steadily rose to 150, which number Avas maintained during the war. It is stated by Col onel J. P. Thomas, in his history of the South Carolina Mil itary Academy, p. 134, that Governor H. T. Clark (then Gov ernor of North Carolina), and Senator W. T. Dortch, appre ciated the value of the training of the military academy so much, that they urged Colonel Tew to resign from the army Hillsboro Military Academy. 639 and again take charge of his school at Hillsboro. His resig nation had in fact been accepted when Colonel Tew (who was Colonel of the Second North Carolina) fell at Sharps burg, being shot through the head at the Bloody Lane, soon after succeeding to the command of the brigade on the wound ing of General George B. Anderson. The school was nevertheless carried on to the end of the war along the same lines originally sketched by its founder and proved its usefulness in many ways. The foUoAving incident well illustrates the spirit of our boys during the war. In the fall of 1863, the Avails of Sumter had been bat tered down and the capture of the city of Charleston seemed probable. As has been well said, "There was dismay among the people, but not among the cadets at the Hillsboro Mili tary School." A large number marched to the train, elected their officers at the station and proceeding to Charleston, ten dered their services to General Beauregard. He declined to accept them, either on account of their youth or from the breach of discipline. They were not allowed to return and doubtless all went into the army. "It was disobedience, but it was a splendid exhibition of ardor and courage." I come now to the last incident I shall mention in connec tion with the relation of the academy to the Avar, where the cadets saw some actual service. Towards the end of the war, when Stoneman was approaching Greensboro from the west, tearing up the track and causing havoc wherever he went, the authorities ordered out the cadet corps to resist Stoneman's advance. Only a few of the smallest boys were retained to guard the academy buildings and some of them stood on rocks during the selection, to make themselves appear taller and thus gain the coveted distinction of entering the field. Of course we were vastly outnumbered by Stoneman's raid ers unless assistance was to come from somewhere, but of that no one thought at the time. However, Stoneman's retro grade march disappointed the only hope the boys had as a corps, to have a brush with the enemy during the war. The cadets were carried back to Hillsboro and remained there till February, when they were ordered to Raleigh and else- 640 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. where to guard prisoners — large bodies of -Federal officers on the road to exchange. These prisoners were turned over at Goldsboro to the Junior Reserves, who presumably carried them to Wilmington to be exchanged. These officers doubt less saw that the end of the Southern Confederacy Avas near when companies of cadets Avere ordered into the field and so it proved ; for soon General Johnston's army retreated past Raleigh and Lee had surrendered. The corps of cadets was disbanded at Hillsboro a feAV days before Johnston's surrender. The foregoing very brief sketch Avill give some idea of the part played by the Academic Corps during the four years of the Avar. It was a modest part, but it was done thoroughly and well. The cadets Avho Avere at the academy in the Spring of 1861 Avent into the army with scarcely a single exception and nearly all became officers in spite of their youth. Four of them ultimately became Field Officers ; Walter Clark (one of the youngest at the academy), Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sev entieth Regiment N. C. T. ; W. F. Beasley Lieutenant-Colo nel, Seventy-first N. C. T. ; Egbert A. Ross (killed at Get tysburg), Major of the EleA-enth N. C. T., and Nathaniel A. Gregory Major of the Seventy-first Regiment N. C. T. Among those Avho rose to be Captains Avere Jason P. Joy- ner, Twenty-seventh N. C. Regiment, killed at Sharpsburg, and Matt. Manly, Avho at the close of the Avar Avas senior Cap tain of the Second N. C. Regiment. A A'ery large number be came Lieutenants. Many of the cadets were from other States and an accurate roll is not possible, but probably a third of the young cadets at the academy in the Spring of 1861 per ished in the Avar. Among the dead, there Avas no more gal lant, chivalrous spirit than Luria, of Georgia, avIio Avas killed around Richmond, a Lieutenant in the TAventy-third N. C. Regiment, none more daring or indefatigable than Jock Cald Avell (son of Governor Tod. R. CaldAvell), a Lieutenant in the Thirty-third N. C. Regiment, Avho was killed at Gettys burg, and no gentler, purer, braver boy died for the Con federacy and the State of his birth than John Henry Cur tis (son of Rev. Dr. Curtis, of Hillsboro), avIio fell in the Hillsboro Military Academy. 641 battle of Bentonville, near the close of the war, a private in an artillery company. Every one of the professors in 1861 also went into the army. Colonel Tew became Colonel of the Second North Carolina Regiment and AA-as killed, as already stated, at Sharpsburg, in Maryland, 17 September, 1862; Captain Chas. E. Lightfoot became Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixth N. C. Regiment, then Colonel of the TAventy-second Regi ment, and was taken prisoner in the Seven Days Battles in front of Richmond, and after his exchange was in command of the artillery defences of Richmond till the close of the war and Avas paroled at Appomattox ; Captain John M. Rich ardson was Major of the Twenty-first N. C. Regiment in 1861; Lieutenant D. H. Hamilton was Major of the Thir teenth N. C. Regiment and Lieutenant Frank Schaller became Colonel of the TAventy-second Mississippi Regiment, was wounded and taken prisoner. Lieutenants A. S. Gaillard and Warren Adams joined South Carolina regiments. The first rose to rank of Captain, the latter became Lieutenant- Colonel by the end of the Avar. If the institution had been in existence a half century or even ten years when the war broke out, instead of only two years, it can not be doubted that the officers of the State regi ments would have been drawn largely from its ranks and that North Carolina's quota of Generals would have been in creased. Indeed the need of such an institution Avas shown by the number of men from other States Avho commanded North Carolina regiments and brigades. Wm. Cain. Chapel Hill, N. C. 31 December, 1901. 41 HILLSBORO MILITARY ACADEMY (lr\ SPRING OE 1865.) By CADET J. GEORGE HANNAH. The Legislature, session of 1863 and 1S64, passed an act exempting all cadets at the school, and all that entered before they were seventeen, from service, subject to the call of the Governor (before this act, the boys were sent to the army as soon as they reached the proper age.) We Avere ordered to Salisbury at the time of Stoneman's raid, but failed to reach that place in time for the fight, and returned to Hillsboro, Avhere Ave remained till March, when Ave were ordered to Raleigh. To shoAv how anxious we were to take part in the Avar, I remember tAvo of the smaller boys of my company, Jno. C. Haigh, of Fayetteville, and R. L. Heriot, of South Carolina, getting rocks to stand upon to make them taller, as orders were, for about one dozen of the smallest boys to be detailed to remain and guard the barracks. On arrival at Raleigh we spent the first night in the second story of the old market house and were afterwards sent to Camp Mangum, and put in charge of exchange of Yankee prisoners, taking them from Salisbury to Goldsboro, and turn ing them over to the Junior Reserves, who carried them to Wil mington. We remained at Raleigh until General Johnston's army came, when we Avere ordered to Hillsboro and were dis banded a few days before General Johnston surrendered. Our battalion of cadets composed tAvo hundred or more. Nearly half of the boys were from the different Southern States. Captain Tucker, of South Carolina (one of the pro fessors) commanded the battalion of cadets, comprising tAvo companies, viz. : Company A, Cadet Captain William Cain, of Hillsboro (now Professor of Mathematics at the University of North Carolina. ) 644 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Commpany B, Cadet Captain David S. McAllister, of Cumberland county, (now a Presbyterian minister in South Carolina. ) Adjutant, Cadet Alex. Cunningham, of Vicksburg, Miss. Each company had four Sergeants and three Corporals. No Lieutenants. While Ave did not "smell much powder," we did all that was required of us, and learned something of the privations and hardships of a soldier's life. The cadets and professors who were at the Hillsboro Military Academy in 1861-2 fur nished a large number of officers to a number of North Car olina regiments, and several other States. J. Geo. Hannah. Silee City, N. C. 31 December, 1901. Note — There were other schools, as1 that of Capt. C. B. Denson, al ready referred to, that of D. H. Christie (later Colonel of Twenty-third N. C. Regiment) at Henderson, Lovejoy's at Raleigh, one at Statesville, and perhaps others, which had added military features to their regular course of study and which sent out many well drilled officers and soldiers, but the history of the two exclusively Military institutions at Charlotte and Hillsboro are given as bearing more directly upon the Military organiza tions whose story is told in these volumes and as furnishing a fair idea, though on a somewhat larger scale, of the aid furnished by those other institutions. — Ed. NORTH CAROLINA MILITARY INSTITUTE. By BRIGADIER-GENERAL JAMES H. LANE. The North Carolina Military Institute at Charlotte was established a few years before the war by some of the well-to- do citizens of that patriotic and enterprising town. At the outbreak of hostilities it numbered about one hundred and fifty cadets, officered by D. H. Hill, Superintendent and Professor ; Chas. C. Lee, Commandant and Professor ; Rob ert M. McKinney, Professor and Instructor of Tactics; and James H. Lane, Professor and Instructor of Tactics. Hill rose to the rank of Lieutenant-General ; Lee as Colonel of the Thirty-seventh North Carolina, was killed at Frazier's Farm; McKinney, as Colonel of the Fifteenth North Caro lina, was killed at- Williamsburg ; and Lane attained the rank of Brigadier-General, commanding North Carolina troops. After the fall of Fort Sumter, the patriotic ladies of Charlotte presented the corps of cadets with a Secession flag, made by their own fair hands. Early one morning as the train was speeding its way to South Carolina, those en thusiastic boys unfurled that flag for the first time over their barracks and saluted it with a fire from their battery, and loud and prolonged cheering, so characteristic of college boys. Every window on the train was open with eager heads thrust out, the men yelling and waving their hats and the ladies waving their dainty handkerchiefs. The engineer made his whistle scream as it had never screamed before. When the troops of the State began assembling Colonel Hill went to Raleigh where Governor Ellis put him in charge of the First State Camp of Instruction. McKinney left Char lotte soon after to take part in the capture of a fort in the eastern part of the State. Those brave boys caught the war fever badly, and were eager to resign and enter the army. 646 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Lee Avrote Hill that he could not control them much longer, and Governor Ellis ordered the whole corps to Raleigh as drill masters, where Lee, at Colonel Hill's request, acted as assistant commandant of the camp, and Lane as Adjutant. There is no doubt that the tactical knowledge of the Bethel Regiment and the other troops in that camp was largely due to those well drilled boys. When the Bethel Regiment was organized, Hill was elected Colonel ; Lee Lieutenant-Colonel, and Lane Major. Colonel Hill appointed Cadet Poteat Ad jutant, and made Cadet Ratehford his Aide. The whole corps wished to follow their professors to the seat of war in Virginia, but Colonel Hill told them that none could go ex cept, those that had their parents' permission. A detach ment of them attached themselves to the regiment and took a conspicuous part in the battle of Bethel, the first battle of the Avar. After the Bethel Regiment Avas organized, the corps of Cadets was disbanded, some remaining in Raleigh and others going to the other camps of instruction. When I took charge of the Twenty-eighth North Carolina, I found that seA'eral of them had been assigned to it as drill-masters, and I had one of them, Cadet Nicholas Gibbon, appointed my Captain Commissary. After rendering such efficient service as drill-masters, those boys were found in the army in various official positions. In my brigade, for instance, James G. Harris, the gallant Major of the Seventh North Carolina, and often in command of the regiment, was a cadet; so Avas John P. Young, a braA-e boy Captain in the same regiment, AA'ho was killed in the bloody charge at Chan cellorsville. David M. Oates, the gallant Adjutant of the Thirty-seA'enth North Carolina, was also a cadet. I have no data to refer to — write only from memory — and am sorry I cannot recall, at this late day, others of those brave boys and their military careers. Much of my life has been spent in military institutions of learning, and it gives me pleasure to say that I have never seen a finer body of boys than the corps of cadets of the North Carolina Military Institute at Char lotte. • James H. Lane. Auburn, Ala., 31 December, 1901. THE UNIVERSITY OE NORTH CAR OLINA IN THE WAR, 1861 '65. By Hon. K. P. BATTLE, LL. D., Member Convention 1861. These numbers are based on statistics collected in 1887 and 1890, twenty-two and twenty-five years after the close of the war. After such a length of time it was impossible to reach all students, owing to change of address, death or other causes. It is believed that a much larger number entered the army than is actually recorded. The number killed is also too small for the same reason. In very many cases, the statistics only give the bare fact that the persons were in the Confederate States Army. In such cases, for want of better information, they have been counted under the head of "Privates." This has undoubtedly increased the number of privates far beyond Avhat was actu ally the case. Unfortunately, howeA'er, at this time it is im possible to remedy this. The alacrity with which University students rushed into the Avar is indicated by the fact that out of the 80 Freshmen who matriculated in 1859, only one graduated, and he was of infirm health. Out of the class which matriculated in 1860, all but two enlisted, and Dr. S. B. Weeks states that 23 of them were killed. The number at the University in 1858-'9 were 456; in 1859-'60, 430; in 1860-'l, 376'; in 1861-'2, 129; in 1862-'3, 73. Yet, she alone of all Southern State institutions, kept her light burning all through the war. Dr. Weeks counted the graduates from 1825 to 1864 and as certained that out of the number, 1,384, at least 537 entered the Confederate service. Out of the Faculty of 1861, five entered the army of whom four were killed. 648 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. university of north carolina. Number of students during 1830-1867 inclusive 2,792 Deduct number dead before 1861, at least 200 Total number U. N. C. men entering the C. S. Army 1861-'65 (including 6 before 1830) 1,062 Percentage of those living who were in C. S. Army. ... 42 Number of U. N. C. alumni during 1850-1862 in clusive 1,478 Number entering C. S. Army 842 Percentage of whole in C. S. Army 57 Number of University men in C. S. Army killed 312 Percentage of those in army killed 29 NUMBER IN C. S. ARMY AND CASUALTIES. No. in Service. Lieutenant-Generals 1 Major-Generals 1 Brigadier-Generals 13 Colonels 50 Lieutenant-Colonels 28 Majors 40 Adjutants, etc 46 Surgeons 71 Captains 254 Lieutenants 155 Non-commissioned Officers ... 38 Privates 365 Pr. Ct. Killed. KiUed. 1 100 4 31 10 20 9 32 15 38 4 6 82 33 63 40 24 63 87 24 Totals 1,062 *299 28 * Later statistics collected by Dr S. B. Weeks increased the number to 312. The highest military rank attained by a University man was by Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk, who was killed at KennesaAv Mountain, in Georgia. The University had only one son who rose to Major-Gen eral, Bryan Grimes. University op N. C, 1861-'65. 649 Of C. S. Brigadielr-Generals she had thirteen. These, named in the order of their rank (Vol. 1 of this work, p. 11) were: 1. Richard C. Gatlin, 8. Alfred M. Scales, 2. L. O'B. Branch (k), 9. Matt. W. Ransom, 3. J. Johnston Pettigrew (k), 10. Robert D. Johnston, 4. Thos. L. Clingman, 11. Wm. Gaston Lewis, 5. Chas. W. Phifer (Miss.), 12. Rufus Barringer. 6. Geo. B. Anderson (k), 13. John D. Barry. 7. Isham W. Garrott (Ala.), Adjutant-Generals R. C. Gatlin and John F. Hoke; the first North Carolina Quartermaster-General L. O'B. Branch and Colonel William Johnston the first Commissary-General, were from the University. As were also Surgeon Peter E. Hines, Medical Director, and Surgeon E. Burke Haywood, of the General Hospital at Raleigh. Ashley W. Spaight was a Brigadier-General in the Texas service, Thos. C. Manning was Adjutant-General of Louisiana, and Jacob Thompson was Inspectort-General of Mississippi. These are not in cluded in the thirteen Brigadiers above who were in the Con federate service. The University furnished thirty-six Colonels, twenty-two Lieutenant-Colonels and twenty-seven Majors to North Caro lina. Adding those in other States, it furnished in all fifty Colonels, twenty-eight Lieutenant-Colonels, and forty Majors. The names of Field Officers furnished to other States need not be given here. COLONELS. John P. Cobb, Second Regiment N. C. Gaston Meares, Third N. C. (killed). W. L. DeRosset, Third. D. K. MacRae, Fifth. T. M. Garrett (killed), Fifth. Isaac E. Avery (killed), Sixth. William F. Martin, Seventeenth. Robt. H. Cowan, Eighteenth. C. M. Andrews (killed), Nineteenth (Second Cav.). 650 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Thos. S. Galloway, Twenty-second. W. J. Clarke, Twenty-fourth. Z. B. Vance and Henry K. Burgwyn (killed), Twenty- sixth. Jno. A. Gilmer, T\venty-seventh. David Coleman, Thirty-ninth. Thos. S. Kenan, Forty-third. Thos. C. Singeltary, Forty-fourth. J. H. Morehead, Forty-fifth. W. L. Saunders, Forty-sixth. S. H. Walkup, Forty-eighth. Lee M. McAfee, Forty-ninth. Jas. A. Washington, Fiftieth. W. A. Ovvens (k) and J. T. Morehead, Fifty-third. K. M. Murchison, Fifty-fourth. H. C. Jones, Fifty-seventh. D. D. Ferrebee, Fifty-ninth (Fourth Cav.). Peter G. Evans (k),' Sixty-third (Fifth Cav.). J. H. McNeill (killed), Sixty-third (Fifth Cav.). Chas. W. Broadfoot, Seventieth. Jno. W. Hinsdale, Seventy-second. Chas. E. Shober, Seventy-seventh. Jno. F. Hoke, Twenty-third and Seventy-third. Thos. Ruffin of Orange, W. B. Rodman and D. M. Carter, on Military Court. lieutenant-colonels. John L. Bridgers, Tenth (First Art.). O. P. Meares, Eighteenth. Fourney George, Eighteenth. W. L. Scott, Twenty-first. Jno. T. Jones, TAventy-sixth (killed). W. W. Sellers, Thirtieth (killed). E. R. Liles, Thirty-first. J. H. Saunders, Thirty-third. Jno. D. Taylor, Thirty-sixth (Second Art.). O. H. Dockerv, Thirty-eighth. A. M. Waddell, Forty-first. .B. R. Moore, Forty-first (Third Cav.). University op N. C, 1861-'65. 651 R. W. Singeltary, Forty-fourth. W. A. Jenkins, Forty-sixth. A. C. McAllister, Forty-sixth. M. T. Smith (killed), Fifty-fifth. Thomas Ruffin, of Wayne (killed), Fifty-ninth, (Fourth Cav.). E. J. Mallett, Sixty-first (killed). C. G. Wright, Sixty-sixth. E. C. YelloAvley, Sixty-eighth. Walter Clark, Seventieth. J. M. Wynns, Fifteenth Battalion. MAJORS. Seaton Gales, Jos. A. Engelhard, W. A. Graham and E. J. Hale, A. A. G. N. E. Scales, R. C. Badger and J. W. Wilson, Brigade Quartermasters. W. J. Saunders, Staff. L. C. Latham, First Regiment N. C. T. N. Crumpler, Ninth (First Cav.), killed. J. H. Whitaker, Ninth (First Cav.) killed. Basil Manly, Tenth (First Art). L. J. Johnson, Seventeenth. ' Jonathan Evans, Twenty-fourth. W. J. Montgomery, Twenty-eighth. John M. Kelly, Thirty-fifth (killed).- W. A. Holland, Fortieth, (Third Art. ) C. W. McClammy, Forty-first (Third Cav.). C. M. Stedman, Forty-fourth. B. R. Huske, Forty-eighth. Jas. J. Iredell, Fifty-third, (killed). Jno. W. Graham, Fifty-sixth. Jno. M. Gallaway, Sixty-third. J. J. Spann, Sixty-fifth (Sixth Cav.) Jno. W. Moore, Third Battalion Artillery. A. C. Avery, Seventeenth Battalion. Clement DoAvd, Home Guards. 652 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. R. S. Tucker, Staff, in State service at Raleigh. Aug. M. Lewis, Quartermaster, in State service at Raleigh. confederate dead. The four tablets in Memorial Hall, prepared by Colonel William L. Saunders, present the names of 271, but investi gation since has increased the number of University who were killed, or died of wounds during the war, to 312. These according to rank were: 1 Lieutenant-General, 5 Surgeons and Ass't Sur- 4 Brigadier-Generals, geons, 12 Colonels, 2 Aides, 6 Lieutenant-Colonels, 67 Captains, 17 Majors, 69 Lieutenants, 4 Adjutants, 23 Sergeants and Corporals, 2 Sergeant-Majors, 100 Privates. But numbers, while large enough to show the patriotism which fired the sons of the University, do not alone show the full measure of the contribution to the defence of the State in those memorable years. There must be added the in creased value given their services by reason of the education received here. Kemp P. Battle. Chapel Hill, N. C. 31 December, 1901. Note. — Dr. Battle, the accomplished author of this article, was member of the Convention of 1861, Public Treasurer of N. C. 1866-'7; President University of N. C. 1875-1891, and since that date Professor of History at the University. Our other Colleges of that date, Davidson, Trinity and Wake Forest, contributed many valuable officers and men to the war but probably not as great a per centage as a larger proportion of their alumni were educa ted for the ministry. Wake Forest produced one Brigadier General, the late General Thomas F. Toon. — Ed. THE LAST BATTLE AND THE LAST SURRENDER. By W. W. STRINGFIELD, Lieutenant-Colonel, Sixty-Ninth Regiment N. C. Troops. The fight in which the last gun Avas fired in the war east of the Mississippi river was near WaynesviUe, 9 May, 1865, and a Federal soldier named Arrowood Avas the last man killed in battle. He was shot about fifty feet in front of where the WaynesviUe White Sulphur Springs building now stands. The next day, 10 May, the surrender of the rem nants of General J. G. Martin's forces, with fragments from several regiments raised from that section took place. The enemy proceeding westward the detachment of the Eightieth North Carolina under Major Stephen Whitaker surrendered at Franklin, Macon county, 1-4 May, 1865, this being the last body of organized armed troops then remaining east of the Mississippi of all those whom the Confederacy had sent to battle. The above incidents have already been nar rated: the surrender at WaynesviUe in the history of the Sixty-ninth, Vol. 3 of this work at page 761, and that at Franklin by Captain R. A. Aiken in his history of the Eigh tieth Regiment, Vol. 4, p. 128. But probably fuller details may be interesting in this the last article in these volumes. Western North Carolina beyond Ashev'ille was at that time, the most inaccessible portion of the Confederacy. It was cut off on all sides by mountain ranges and was not any where penetrated by railroads or telegraphs. The nearest Rail Road in North Carolina was the terminus of the West ern North Carolina Rail Road, six miles east of Morganton. The Department of Western North Carolina, after the abandonment of East Tennessee by our forces, became an independent one, its commander, General James G. Martin, reporting direct to Richmond. In those last perilous and heroic days, it was cut off from all outside communication 654 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. and became a little Confederacy to itself, the Switzerland of the South. All during the Avar, its people Avere exempt from raids from the enemy but were vexed Avith domestic troubles. After Lee's surrender on 9 April and while negotiations were pending betAveen Generals Johnston and Sherman, wild rumors of every kind filled the air. Just before that time, hoAvever, about the date of Sheridan's great flanking move ment against Lee, Stoneman's Cavalry raid set out from Knoxville, Tennessee and moA'ed eastvvard toAvards Bristol, Lynchburg and Danville, Virginia, but turning SoutliAvard he threatened Greensboro, captured Salisbury, and thence returned via Morganton toAvards Ashevillc. He approach ed Asheville on both sides. On the North he Avas repulsed by the Sixty-second, Sixty-fourth, Sixty-ninth and Seventy- ninth (Eighth Cavalry, formerly Fourteenth Battalion) or rather by the fragments of them which Avere left. This Avas on 28 April. General Martin being soon after advised of Johnston's surrender asked and obtained a truce and kindly issued ra tions to the Federals. They, howeA'er, almost immediately violated the truce. On 17 April Colonel James R. Love, of the Sixty-ninth who at that time held SAvannanoa Gap had defeated Stoneman's advance on that side driving his men back to Mill Creek in McDoAvell county. Here the enemy turned back through Hickory Nut Gap, and Colonel Love being thus outflanked retired under orders from General Martin to Balsam Gap, seven miles west of WaynesviUe. General Martin himself went on further west, 33 miles, to Franklin, N. C, accompanied by his accomplished chief of staff, Major A. Gordon, of Louisiana, Avho is the author of the valuable article on the Organization of our troops in Vol. 1, of this work. A day or two before, General Martin had sent the writer with Avritten instructions under a flag of truce to General Stoneman at Knoxville. This flag with its party of 23 went doAvn the Tennessee and on to Knoxville, about 100 miles through the mountains but they were not suffered to return. They were all thrust into jail at Knoxville for refusing to take the oath, having first been Last Battle and Last Surrender. 655 insulted on the streets. A Michigan Lieutenant named Abbott with fifty Avell armed men dismounted and disarmed our party and trampled the flag of truce under his feet. This was the first day of May. General Martin hearing nothing from the flag of truce turned back with Major Gordon and Avhile spending the night at the hospitable home of John B. Love, near Webster, his son, Colonel John R. LoA'e, came in and gave a stirring ac count of his fight Avith the enemy near WaynesviUe on that day, 9 May, 1865, as stated in Vol. 3, of this Avork, p. 760. The Federals seemed to have resolved themselves into a general horse gathering association for the exploitation of Buncombe and HayAvood counties. Colonel W. H. Thomas commanding Thomas' Legion (Sixty-ninth and Eightieth Regiments) had his Headquarters at QuallatoAvn, Jackson county, among the Cherokee Indians. Hearing of this "Horse-Jockey Battalion," of Colonel Bartlett of the Third North Carolina (Tory) Regiment, Colonel Thomas moved forward gathering up 200 or 300 men of the different regi ments from that section Avho were home on furloughs or convalescent and with some fragments of his own command joined Colonel Love at Balsam Gap greatly to the conster nation of the uillagers. The Indians whooped and yelled in approved Indian style. Col. Thomas went into WaynesviUe with this force, the stalwart Indian Avarriors being feather ed and painted. The day before in the skirmish with Bart lett, a Federal named Arrowood was killed at the old Love Mansion fifty feet in front of the present White Sulphur Springs Hotel at WaynesviUe. As already stated this was doubtless the last man killed in battle east of the Mississippi. That was on 9 May, 1865. A truce Avas soon had, and the Confederates surrendered upon assurance from Colonel Bartlett that he Avould control his forces and stop the pillaging and horse stealing. He was plainly told that if he could not the ex-Confederates would re-assemble and control them for him. There Avas no more trouble in that section. A portion of Bartlett's Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colo nel George W. Kirk (whom later events made notorious) 656 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. proceeded west and near Franklin, Macon county, approach ed a detachment of the Eightieth North Carolina Regiment commanded by Major Stephen Whitaker. This was the last embodied force remaining to the Confederacy, east of the Mississippi, of all the mighty hosts whom the Confederacy had sent to battle. On the next day, 14 may, 1865, this last organized force of the Confederacy laid down its arms, the men were paroled and went to their several homes. In Vol. 4, Confederate Military History, page 791, the date of this surrender is erroneously given at 12 May. W. W. Stringfield. Waynesville. N. C, 31 December, 1901. SUPPLEMENT TO RAROLE LIST. Note. — On p. 567 ante it will be seen that by some means all the names of our two North Carolina Cavalry Brigades of Barringer and Roberts were omitted (except 3 names) in making up the Duplicate Parole List for General Lee from which we printed, or had become detached since, and access to the copy filed by General Grant at Washington having been denied, the omis sion could not be supplied. Owing to the energy and zeal of Hon. Theo. F. Kluttz, our efficient member of Congress from the Salisbury District, a copy of the Parole List of those Brigades from the original at Washington has just been received as this form is going to press and is here inserted. All Confed erate Veterans are indebted to him that our list is thus made complete, and that the Cavalry take their place (the handful that was left) with their comrades on this roll of honor of those who, spared by sabre, shot and shell, were faithful to the end — Ed. BARRINGER'S BRIGADE. BRIGADE STAFF. Wm. A. Blount, Surgeon. G. W. Bassett, 1st Lieut, and Brigade Ordnance Officer. Total, 2. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. Jas. L. Gaines, Colonel 19th N. C. (2d Cav.) Edward M. Jordan, Adjutant 19th N. C. (2d Cav.) Total, 2. NINTH REGIMENT (FIRST CAV.) Co. B. Private Adolphus Mizzell. Private W. Watts, Sergeant R. Height. Private S. R. Philpot. Private A. Lunsford. Private J. W. Danner. 42 Co. D. Private J. F. Parsons. Co. E. Private R. D. Grissom, Co. G. Co. H. Total, 8 men. 658 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. nineteenth regiment (second cav.) Co. A. Private W. P. A. White, Private H. Reed. Co. D. Sergeant J. Melvin. Co. E. Private J. B. Staton. Private E. Barnes. Co. I. Sergeant G. W. Stone. Private J. Dalrymple. Total, 7 men. FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT (THIRD CAV.) Co. H. Private W. H. Brown. Total, 1 man. SIXTY-THIRD REGIMENT (FIFTH CAV.) Co. A. Sergeant J. M. Mclver. Private Benj. Rush, Private D. J. McDonald. Co. G. Private J. B. Barnes. Alex. McSween, Jeff Davis Legion. Total, 5 men. Brigade total, 4 officers, 21 men. Supplement to Parole List. ROBERTS' BRIGADE. 659 Brigadier-General W. P. Roberts. Total, 1 officer. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANY OFFICERS. William J. Luck, Surgeon 59th N. C, (4th Cav.) A. E. Eve, Assistant Surgeon, 16th Battalion (or 75th Reg't.) E. J. Holt, 1st Lieut, Co. A, 16th Battalion (or 75th Reg't.) J. C. Privett, 2d Lieut. Co. H, 16th Battalion (or 75th Reg't.) Total. 4 officers. FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT (FOURTH CAV.) Private William Davis. Serg't C. A. Reid, Private George Chandler, Thos. Evans, Wyatt Foard, Jno. Henry, Jeff. Terrell, Wm. Page, Geo. Davis, James Hooper, Wm. R. Smith, Serg't W. B. Kennedy, P. H. Hand, Private Jesse Dickens, Joseph Tester, Private A. P. Ray, Geo. Gatlin, Jacob Johnson. Private Willoughby Wright, Corp'l W. A. Tyson, Private W. Johnson, Robert Mason, Co. A. Co. B. Private Nat. Covington, Apollos Love, John Burton, C. G. Bennett, Henry Willis, Warren Miles, Joseph Terrell, Benj. Stephens, Alex. Cheek. Co. C. Private J. T. Hancock. Co. D. Private Jesse F. Lowe, Joseph Cook. Co. E. Private Daniel Blackwelder, Jno. Hoffman, Co. G. Private Wilson Wright. Co. H. Private L. Thigpen, Robt. D. Deans, 660 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Co. K. Private John G. Bennett. Total, 40 men. SEVENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT (SEVENTH CAV.), OR SIXTEENTH BATTALION. Musician A. Forbes, J. W. Taylor, E. A. Rountree J. S. Perry, Serg't H. B. Gardner, Private C. B. Coffie. Private J. J. Brown. Private Jno. Elmore, Serg't W. H. Call, Private A. A. Haller. Serg't G. M. Bingham, W. F. Furchess, Private P. H. Hayne, Private D. W. Williams, Allen Tyson, M. Turnage, Corp'l W. D. Edwards, Private J. H. Murphy. Serg't W. J. Tate, Private J. F. Shields, J. P. Robeson, Serg't R. W. Woodard, Corp'l W. H. Wiggs, J. H. Loper, Private J. R. Aycock, B. Ellis, J. P. Smith. REGIMENTAL BAND. Musician J. H. Parker, W. H. Farmer, D. W. Boykin, Wiley Dunn. Co. A. Corporal E. F. DeBruhl, Co. B. Co. C. Private J. P. Britt. Co D. Private J. M. Stafford, Co. E Private W. W. Wilson. W. G. Hayne. Co. F. Private S. H. Tyson, L. R. Perry, W. Johnson. Co. G. Private A. R. Deloatch, Co. H. Private D. Robeson, Jno. Ziegler, P. Williamson. Co. I. Private E. Hinnant, W. E. Richardson, L. Strickland, G. M. Langston, T. N. Wiggs, Total, 48 men. Brigade total, 5 officers, men. Corrections. MEnOR/iNDUN. By THE EDITOR. After the body of this work had been completed and four volumes had been issued advertisement was widely made, by the kindness of the Press, throughout the State request ing corrections of errors in "form or substance," which had been observed by any one, to be sent in to the Editor. Those sent in are compiled and printed in the following pages. CORRECTIONS. GENERALS FROM NORTH CAROLINA. Vol. 1, Page XI. Add to Major-Generals, Jeremy F. Gilmer, and to Brigadier-Generals, Gabriel J. Bains. Page XII. Add, Further investigation shows that Major- General Jeremy F. Gilmer and Brigadier-General Gabriel J. Rains were appointed from North Carolina and should be in the list of our Generals, though from the nature of their duties they did not command our troops. Major-General Jeremy F. Gilmer, brother of Hon. Jno. A. Gilmer, Sr., was a most accomplished officer. For a while he was chief of staff of our Army of Tennessee, and later was Chief of the Engineer Corps of the Confederacy. Brigadier-General Bains was also in the Engineer Corps, though in the Seven Days' Battles around Richmond he com manded a Brigade. He was born in New Bern. To the list of Generals born in North Carolina, but ap pointed from other States, should he added Lieutenant-Gen eral Leonidas Polk. Editor. BETHEL REGIMENT. Vol. 1, p. 113. Line 22, for Junius French, read Wil liam Bryce. Page 117, C. W. Broadfoot, Colonel, instead of Lieuten ant-Colonel, and same change on p. 118. Page 118. W. G. Lewis, Lieutenant-Colonel Forty-third instead of Colonel. Add to list on pages 118-121 the following: Lieutenant-Colonels — J. T. Davis, Forty-ninth Regiment. Page 119. Captains — F. R. Alexander, K, Fifty-sixth Regiment; R. R. Crawford, D, Forty-second; W. M. Fetter, K, Thirty-seventh; P. J. Johnson, K, Thirty-fifth; W. J. Kerr, E, Eleventh ; J. S. Nichols, E, Eleventh. First Lieutenants — J. W. Shepperd, K, Fifty-sixth. 664 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Second Lieutenants — J. J. Alexander, B, Forty-third Reg iment; William Bryce, E, Fifty-ninth; Robert T. Burwell, B, Forty-third ; J. B. Lowrie, H, Eleventh ; W. N. S. Means, E, Eleventh ; A. M. Rhyne, K, Forty-second ; W. F. Rozzell, E, Eleventh ; W. E. Stitt (in place of Captain E. W. Stilt, page 119), B, Forty-third; W. J. Wiley, F, Sixty-third. On p. 118, for Major Egbert H. Ross, read Egbert A. Ross. On p. 123, Charles M. Stedman was Major Forty-fourth, not Forty-third. E. J. Hale. Fayetteville, N. C. SECOND REGIMENT. Vol. 1, p. 158. Captain E. D. Hall's Co. A, when trans ferred, became Co. H, Fortieth Regiment (Third Artillery.) Jno. L. Cantwell. Wilmington, N. C. FOURTH REGIMENT. Vol. 1, Page 234. A. N. Wiseman was the first Orderly Sergeant of Company K. Page 234. George Shuford, who died in 1862, was a member of the Regimental Band, as was also E. B. Stinson for a time. The latter was also Bugler of the sharpshooters. Page 234-235. The regiment arrived at Manassas on 28 July, instead of the 29th, and left Yorktown 3 May instead of the 4th. Page 236. General Featherston was in command of the brigade wliile at Yorktown, and for some time before and after. Page 239. The Color Bearer who was killed at Seven Pines was James Bowers, not Bonner. Page 270. H. C. Long was wounded at South Mountain. He afterwards resigned. Page 270. Lieutenants Bonner, Creekman, Tuten and Styron were of Company I, not Company "A." Lieutenant James C. Herrington, a brave and faithful soldier, was of Corrections. 665 the same company. He was killed at the post of duty in the battle of Chancellorsville. Geo. D. Snuggs, Co. K. Concord, N. C. Vol. 1, p. 230 and 269. Sergeant-Ma j or F. D. Carlton, not F. A. Carlton. Page 269, last line, W. A. Eliason, not W. K Eliason. P. C. Carlton. Statesville, N. C. SEVENTH REGIMENT. Vol. 1, p. 386, insert. On Sunday, 16 April, 1865, "Cooke's and Lane's detach ments" (Seventh and Forty-sixth North Carolina Regi ments), Lieutenant-Colonel A. C. McAllister commanding, reported to General D. H. Hill, Lee's Corps, Army of Ten nessee, and surrendered with them near Greensboro, N. C. On the 29th we turned over four-fifths of the arms, retaining one-fifth. Officers were allowed to retain their side arms. Thirteen (13) commissioned officers and one hundred and thirty-nine (139) men belonging to the Seventh were paroled on 1 May, 1865. Major J. G. Harris was in command of the regiment and commanded it oftener in the battle and on the march than any officer in it. The gallant J. McLeod Turner was paralyzed by the wound received at Gettysburg, and walked with the aid of crutches until his death in 1887. Same p. last line "Morrisville" should be Mooresville. J. S. Harris, Capt. Co. B. Davidson College, N. C. EIGHTH REGIMENT. Vol. 1, Page 407. The distance between the lines was not 300 yards, as there stated, from over-caution doubtless. I have been to Petersburg twice since the war, and have re cently telephoned the guide, Allen, who corroborates my own measurement by replying that the exact distance is 63 yards, and between the rifle pits 35 yards. Cicero R. Barker. Salisbury. N. C. 666 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. NINTH REGIMENT. Vol. 1, Page 783. The date of Colonel Cheek's sketch should be 20 March, not 24 March. Ed. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. Vol. 1, p. 755, lines 24 and 25, for "taking them at the point of the bayonet," read "compelling the enemy to retire precipitately under cover of nightfall." B. H. Cathey. Bkyson City, N. C. Page 736, lines 20 and 21 should read thus: Company L became Co. K and Co. M became Co. I in the Thirty-second Regiment. On same page, Ricks Pearce should be a Lieutenant in Company L. D. G. Conn. Raleigh, N. C, NINETEENTH REGIMENT. Vol. 2, p. 88, line 23, for "Sixty-third N. C. (5 Cav.), read "Co. H. Forty-first Regiment (3d Cav.)" Page 103, near bottom, J. N. Turner was Captain of Com pany D, not Company B. He had previously been Lieuten ant in Company B. W. A. Graham. Machpelah, N. C. Vol. 2, p. 89, line 6, for R. W. Allison, read R. M. Allison. P. C. Carlton. Statesville, N. C. TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Vol. 2, Page 144. Strike out "Gaston Lewis, Colonel." This was inserted by error of printer. Jas. F. Beall. Linwood, N. C. Corrections. 667 TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. Vol. 2, Page 299. Fourth line from bottom for Robert Ransom, read M. W. Ransom. Ed. THIRTIETH REGI3IENT. Vol. 2, p. 496, line 22, for Elias Dunn, read Elias Bunn. He was a brother of Hon. B. H. Bunn. At the call for men to re-enlist for three years or the war, in April, 1862, before the Seven Days' Fight in front of Richmond, Captain William T. Arrington, of Company I, formed the company in line and asked every man who was willing to re-enlist to move one step forward, and every man stepped forward. The company was given a sixty days' fur lough to visit their homes in Nash and Edgecombe, but we were recalled before the expiration of that time to go to Richmond. Did any other company do as well ? Walter S. Turner. Holder, Fla. THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Vol. 2, p. 511, for John J. Cox, Q. M., read Joseph Cox. Thos. S. Kenan. Raleigh, N. C. THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. Vol. 2, Page 578. In the "Parole List at Appomattox," at page 538 of this (5th) volume, it will he seen that Colonel R. V. Cowan, of the Thirty-third, signed the Parole List This he doubtless felt compelled to do by virtue of his mili tary oath of obedience, but when it came to the "formal sur render" the next day, which released him from his obedience, he turned over the regiment to Major Weston and rode to the rear as there stated. There is no conflict between Major Weston's statement and the above record. Editor. 668 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. FIFTIETH REGIMENT. Vol. 3, p. 165, line 11, for "Brem's Battery" read "Gra ham's (Petersburg, Va.) Battery." Extract from report of Colonel James Deshler, Chief of Artillery to General Holmes : "Graham's Battery seems to have completely stampeded — resulting in the loss of two guns and three caissons. "Captain Branch, First Lieutenant Cooper, of French's Battery, and First Lieutenant Coleman, of Brem's Battery, served their pieces themselves and did everything that men could do to encourage their men." Extract from report of General Junius Daniel, of the bat tle of Malvern Hill : "I directed Captains Graham and Brem to move forward and report to Colonel Deshler, and I did not see these bat teries any more until I saw them leaving the field when Cap tain Graham's Battery was almost completely disorganized, and with two pieces and two caissons less than when it left me. This battery, as I afterwards learned, left the field without proper orders and in great disorder. "For the operations of Captain Brem's Battery, I respect fully refer you to his report." Extract from report of General Theo. H. Holmes : "The enemy kept up a furious cannonade until after dark. Under this my troops, which were mostly newly levied, be haved well, with the exception of Major E. Burroughs' Bat talion of cavalry and Graham's Battery, with a part of Branch's, whose conduct was shameful in the extreme." (In his amended report General Holmes withdraws his reference to Captain Branch.) (See serial Vol. IS, pages 906-911 Off. Rec. Union and Confed. Armies.) J. C. Ellington. Raleigh, N. C. FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. Vol. 3, p. 287. In Company C, Dixon Falls was Captain instead of Silas D. Randall. Just after Company C insert: Corrections. 669 "Co. D, from Cleveland county, Silas D. Randall Captain." On page of engraving facing p. 287, No. 4 should he "E. D. Dixon." On page of engravings facing p. 299, No. 2 is T. D. Falls and No. 3 is J. A. Whitley. C. M. Cooke. Louisburg, N. C. (This last error has been corrected in all but a few volumes. — Ed.) FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. Vol. 3, p. 314. Line 7, on this page, by some accident dropped out and in its place line 19 is duplicated. This obscures the fact that Lieutenant Daniel M. McDon ald, of Company B, Fifty-sixth Regiment, was captured with Lieutenant R. W. Thornton, of the same company, 22 May, 1863, and Lieutenant B. W. Thornton, also of the same com pany, was killed in our capture of Plymouth. The two of ficers first named were never exchanged. Page 322, line 9, for Captain Bower read Barnes. As the regiment boasted of many soldiers who could have acquitted themselves well as company and even battalion commanders, some of them among the earliest volunteers of the war who cheerfully served in the ranks to the end, we wish here to make mention of Private Wm. J. McDonald, late of Fayetteville, N. O, now deceased, whose picture appears at page 371, Vol. Ill, who went through the war without re ceiving or asking for a furlough. By another accident at the bottom of p. 399, Vol. Ill, while the reference is correctly given, there is an error in the number of corps there stated. The reference will show that General Lee says that there were four, and that one of the four was assigned to Major-General Gordon, who suc ceeded General Early in October, 1864, and acted as a corps commander for the remaining months of the war. Robert D. Graham. Washington, D. C. 670 North Carolina Troops, 186l-'65. Vol. 3, Page 315. Beginning at Company F, in the fourth line, erase Lieu tenant after the word "From," and insert First Sergeant. In the fifth line — in the parenthesis — ("had been First Sergeant in the Bethel Regiment"), erase First Sergeant and insert a private. In the ninth line, "Alfred R. Grigg, Second Lieutenant 10 August, 1862," erase August and insert May. B. F. Grigg. Lincolnton, N. C. FIFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. Vol. 3, p. 454. It is inadvertently stated that the regi ment was at Savannah and Averasboro, but it was not at either. Lieutenant-Colonel Silver was not in command at Bentonville. Captain, afterwards Major Stewart, was ranking Captain at Chicamauga. Both he and Captain Conley were killed in the Atlanta campaign. G. W. F. Harper. Lenoir, N C. S. M. Silver, A. T. Stewart and C. O. Conley were the senior or ranking Captains of the Fifty-eight Regiment in the order named, at the time of the battle of Chicamauga, in which they all participated. Captain G. W. F. Harper was assigned to duty as Major of the regiment at Florenceville, Ala., November, 1864, in the Nashville campaign, and served as such until the reorganization of the regiment in March, 1865, when by order from Army Headquarters, he was as signed to same duty in the Fifty-eighth and Sixtieth consoli dated battalion. Major Harper commanded the regiment at the battle of Bentonville, and in the march and skirmishes through South Carolina, which preceded it. At the time of the Bentonville battle I was on the sick list ; but learning that my presence was needed, I went to the front and assisted in forming the line of battle, but was soon sent back by the sur- SIXTY-THIRD (.3 Cav.) REUDIEXT. Elias F. Shaw, Lieut.-Colonel, 63d Regt. (5 CavO Killed at Chamberlain's Run, March 31, 1865. Robert Augustus Davidson, Sergt., Co. F-, 63d Regt. (5 Cav.* A. G. Jones, Orderly Sergt , Co. K, 63d Regt. (5 Cav.) Nicholas L. Williams, Sergt., Co. B,'63d Regt. (5 Cav.) 5. Carroll F. Nance, 1st Sergt., Co. I, 63d Regt. (5 Cav.) Killed at Ashland, Va. 6. Woodson B. Cash, Sergt., Co. I, 63d Regt. (5 Cav.) 7. Richard Austin Davidson, Private, Co. F, 63d Regt. (.5 Cav.) X. Samuel P. Washiogtoi), Private, Co. I, 63d Regt. (5 Cav.) Corrections. 671 geon to the division hospital. Major G. W. F. Harper was a good officer and a gallant soldier. S. M. Silver. Gkouse, Oregon. SIXTY-THIRD REGIMENT. Vol. 3, p. 541, line 1, for "superiority" read "seniority." John M. Galloway. Madison, N. C. Page 541, and in note on p. 529, it is stated that Colonel McNeill and Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw were killed at "Five Forks 1 April." It should be "at Chamberlain Run, 31 March." In note on p. 545 for "Seventy-sixth" read "Seventy- ninth." See further Vol. 4, at p. 116. Editor. Vol. 3, p. 545. -The word "was," four lines from bottom of page should be "were." On page 546, between the words "entitled" and "official," in second paragraph from bottom, insert War of the Rebel lion. In line 11, on page 548, immediately after the word "vol unteered," insert: "and waived an exemption from the war to which he was entitled on account of nearsightedness." The word "gratified" in line 20, on page 549, should read grateful. On page 550, beginning of second paragraph from bottom, "Volume 69" should read Volume 60. On page 551, "James M. McNeill" should be James H. McNeill. On same page strike out word "on" just before "10 Octo ber," and all in that paragraph after word "Garysburg," and for authority of my date "10 October," see page 755, Vol. 26. Serial Vol. 26 is, in Roman figures, Vol. XVIII. On page 553, "Kinnon's" should be Kennon's, and "25 May" should be 24 May. 672 North Carolina Troops, 1861-' 65. On page 553, after the first paragraph add: For map of Plymouth see page 344 of this volume — Vol. 3. On page 558, at end of first paragraph, "Vol. 45" should be Vol. 44. And next citation "Vol. 45, p. 736," etc., should be Vol. 44. On page 563, "Vol. 44, p. 683," the page should be 688. On page 466, immediately after "Vol. 44, pp. 690-691, add: Vol. 43, p. 614, Vincent. Page 575, line 5 from bottom. For "attack" read "at tract." Read word "direction," at bottom of page 573, directions. Read, etc., after 440 at bottom of page, 577. Last word on page 578 should be Bristoe. In fourth line on page 581, "Twenty-sixth" should be One Hundred and Twenty-sixth. On page 581, figures "447" should be 447-449. On page 588, near middle, the word "chair" should be care. On page 591, I am in error in saying that "we marched by companies to Richmond, Va., and reunited there as a reg iment." Captain R. E. Cochrane, Quartermaster of our regiment, gives the facts in substance, thus: "Each man did report to his Captain, as you say. After we disbanded, I, as quartermaster, established a camp for the transporta tion of the regiment in charge of a few men, in about six miles of Louisburg on a creek near a mill. I returned to this camp a few days beforehand to prepare for the reassem bling of the regiment and there it reassembled and re mained a few days. While there we had a great regimental review. The people there, the ladies especially, turned out in great numbers to witness it. From that camp we marched via Henderson, N. O, and Clarksville, Va., to Richmond. I also think that you are in error as to the number of men in the regiment; it was nearer 1,000 than 500. As we marched through Richmond, I was constantly asked by citizens, 'What brigade is this V I answered, 'It is not a brigade ; it is the Fifth North Carolina Cavalry Regiment.' " Captain Cochrane was in a better position than I to know Corrections. 673 the regiment's numbers and there was no better man and no more faithful officer in the regiment. With one single other exception, Captain Cochrane's cor rection is the only one that has been made of this sketch. And I state this solely that future readers may thereby judge its accuracy and truth, when we, about whom this history is written, have all "crossed over the river." Near bottom of page 592, the citation of "page 945" should be page 954. Just after "Vol. 60, p. 828," near top of page 594, add: Vol. 67, p. 15. After the word "canister" on page 602, insert, and grape ; and same on p. 603. On page 603 after the word "perforated," add — by rifle balls. Word at bottom of page 603 and top of page 604 is, of course, "glorious." Colonel W. H. H. Cowles died at his home near Wilkes boro, Monday night, 30 December, 1901. I doubt if the armies of the world have ever had a better cavalry officer, in all respects. When preparing my sketch for the third volume, I wrote Colonel Cowles for his memories of the action of the Sixty- third at Blacks and Whites. On account of sickness, he could not answer until after my sketch had finally gone to the printers. I now quote from his letter : "As to the part taken by the Fifth Regiment in the fight at Blacks and Whites, I had no means of observing, being only in command of my own regiment and 'going along with the boys.' I had no time for observing anything outside of its conduct. We checked the advance of the enemy and drove him back to the railroad cut and there held him until night fall, when we were relieved. I understood that your com mand acquitted itself well and heard of Roberts' gallant charge on the right; but saw nothing of it. We were in dense woods after we left where our battery was stationed. There was no better material in the army than that of the Fifth North Carolina Cavalry. The advantage the First 43 674 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. had of it was that of longer experience and probably better drill and discipline. Colonels Ransom and Baker were both United States army officers and graduates of West Point They started us right and kept us right. Their strict disci pline aroused some bitter feeling on the part of both officers and men at first, but we soon found that they were right and that it was for our good." General W. P. Roberts, S August, 1901, wrote me this: "I wish I could help you on the history of the Fifth Cavalry, but I cannot. It was a most gallant regiment. Frequently it fell to my lot to command it on the skirmish line and it always behaved with conspicuous gallantry. Its Colonel, McNeill, was a splendid officer and of great individ ual courage." It gratifies me as it will all the men of our great regiment, to have it go down to the ages with the endorsement of these two magnificent cavalrymen. C. C. Wheeler, private of Company I, had three horses shot under him prior to 27 October, 1864, when he lost his right leg near Wilson's House on Boydton Plank Road. In the charge at Upperville, his horse was killed and fell on his leg and held him fast and he was about to be run over by the charging Federals when two of our men dismounted and turned the horse off of him and saved him from capture. At LTpperville, Sergeant Adams, of Company I, in that fateful charge, cut two Federals from their horses with his saber. Wheeler saw this. Private Wheeler, who has only one leg, is still living in Granville county. "Vol. 80, p. 643," near bottom of page 609, should be page 638. On page 613, in second line of first paragraph, insert be tween the words "and with" and "the Nineteenth," these words : his brigade and. Just before the first "732" on page 617, insert: Pages 642-643. Then strike out, as repetition, all after "735" down to and including the next "732." On page 618, strike out the words "That night the Sixty- third camped on the Darbytown road." Corrections. 675 "Vol. 78," near bottom of page 621, should be "Vol. 87." And here just after "245" add: Vol. 87, pp. 221 and 250. General Hancock's and General Miles' reports of Reams Station. On page 622 the words, "the 25 ultimo," should be "the 25th instant," and "1206" should be 1207. On page 625 strike out the words, "And I feel sure, from my would be more satisfactory." On page 629, between the word "position" and "507," in sert : Says Federal General Bragg. "The word "captiously," near bottom of page 633, should be cautiously. The word "grave," near bottom of page 635, should be brave. The word "the" before "right" in seventh line on page 646 should he "their." "Deven," near bottom of page 648, should be "Devin." Near top of page 650, the word "our" must read your. And add "obedience to this order showed that W. H. F. Lee considered Barringer's his 'best brigade.' " On page 653, at end of General Fitzhugh Lee's words, add — and says it "suffered severely. This brigade was the rear of the column and I was obliged to retain it in position to prevent the enemy from attacking the remainder of the com mand. Their rapidly arriving forces soon augmented the troops it was so gallantly holding in check, and produced a concentration impossible for it to resist." On page 656, after the words "as only a loving wife can," add : She was Miss Moselle Partee Foard, daughter of Major R. W. Foard, of Concord. On same page the word "are" before "absolutely" should be "were." On the map at page 582, "Middleburg" should be further north and almost on a straight line between Aldie and Upperville. On the mountain and directly west of Up perville, should appear Ashby's Gap and just at east base of mountain should be Paris, right under Ashby's Gap. In lower end of Bull Run Mountains, next to the railroad, 676 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. should appear Thoroughfare Gap, with the mountains ex tended further south and railroad crossing them. On map at page 645, in "Indications for Five Forks," the words "The Nineteenth and Forty-first were immediately in the rear of the Sixty-third," should read: The Nineteenth was immediately in the rear of the Sixty-third, when the action began. "5" should be behind, that is, just north of the line "1-2." The little line "4" is too far south ; it should be just about where the middle of the figure 1 is. Just after Custer charged on the Third the Second charged from rear of Fifth, around its right, and joined the Third in the saber fight. Paul B. Means. SETENTY-THIRD REGIMENT (Ith Reserves.) Vol. 4, Page 65. The companies of this regiment were from the following counties : A, Cleveland ; B, Gaston : C, Lincoln ; D, Catawba : E, Mecklenburg ; F, Union ; G, Cabarrus ; H, Rowan ; I, Davie ; K, Iredell. " Ed. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (5th Reserves.) Vol. 4, Page 69. The companies of this regiment were from the following counties : A, Yadkin; B, Wilkes; C, Wilkes: D. Ashe and Alle ghany ; E, Burke and Caldwell ; F, Surry ; G, Alexander and Caldwell; H, Supporting Force Eighth Congressional District; I, Supporting Force Ninth Congressional District; K, Supporting Force Tenth Congressional District. John A. Young was the first Colonel of this regiment. Ed. SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT (6th Reserves.) Vol. 4, Page 97. The companies of this regiment were as follows : A, Chatham; B, Chatham; C, Davidson; D, Davidson; E, Wake ; F, Moore ; G, Montgomery ; H, Randolph ; I, Sup- Corrections. 677 porting Force Seventh Congressional District; K, Anson, Stanly and Davidson. John M. Worth was also at one time Colonel of this regi ment. Ed. SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT (7th Reserves.) Vol. 4, Page 100. Company H was from Forsyth in stead of Stokes; Company I from Rockingham, and Com pany K was the supporting force of the Sixth Congressional District. Ed. SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT (8th Reserves.) Vol. 4, Page 107. The companies of this regiment were as follows : A, Bladen and Columbus ; B, Robeson and Richmond ; C, New Hanover and Brunswick; D, Cumberland; E, Cumber land and Harnett ; F, Wayne ; G, Duplin ; H, Sampson ; I, Johnston; IT, Supporting Force Fourth Congressional Dis trict. Peter Mallett was the first Colonel and Augustus Landis first Lieutenant-Colonel of this regiment. Ed. (These corrections for above five regiments are from official records from General Holmes' headquarters, kindly furnished by Colonel John W. Hinsdale— Ed.) SEVENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. Vol. 4, Page 113. Add P. A. Cumming as Sergeant- Major. . Ed. SUPPLEMENTAL SKETCH 16th REGIMENT. Vol. 4, Page 173. In last line, for "United States Ford' read "Ely's Ford on the Rapidan." J. S. McElroy. Ivy, N. C FIFTEENTH BATTALION. Vol. 4, Page 365. Insert after list of officers "Lieuten ant H. J. Jenkins was taken prisoner and was one of the 600 678 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. officers sent as prisoners to be placed under fire at Morris Island in the Fall of 1864. See Vol. 4, of this work, page 722." Ed. T WENTY- THIRD BA TTALION. Vol. 4, Page 399. The companies of this battalion were from the following counties as appears from the records of General Holmes' Headquarters: Company A, Franklin and Nash; Company B, Orange; Company C, Granville; Com pany D, Warren. Ed. T WENT Y- SIXTH BA T TA LION. Vol. 4, Page 401. This battalion was omitted at it* proper place, but see Addenda Vol. 5, p. 626, for its history. UNA TTA CHED COMPA NIES. Vol. 4, Page 401. Three other companies are known: Captain P. M. Warren, from Chowan; Captain W. Myers, from Perquimans, and Captain C. R. Gaylord, from Wash ington. Captain John W. Galloway's company of "Coast Guards" was raised the first year of the War for the de fence of the coast from the Cape Fear to Little River, S. C. While their services were not brilliant they were very ser viceable to Blockade Runners. They were 130 in number and are not named in "Moore's Roster." Ed. NORTH CAROLINIANS IN OTHER COMMANDS. Vol. 4, Page 403. In line 16, for "Twelfth" read "Sixty- first." The company of W. B. Clement, three lines lower down in same page, has its story told, p. 627, Vol. 5, of this work, in the Addenda. Ed. Same page. North Carolina, besides above, had two com panies in the Thirteenth Virginia Cavalry, and two more in the Fifteenth Virginia Cavalry, all raised in North East North Carolina. This data was furnished me by the late Jno. B. Neathery while connected with Adjutant-General's Corrections. 679 office in 1871, at the time he gave material to General Rob ert Ransom and General Hood when the latter replied to General Early who had criticised General Hood for his speech in Raleigh wherein he had stated that North Caro lina had more troops in Virginia in 1864 than Virginia had on her own soil. James A. Graham. Washington, D. C. Vol. 4, Page 404. It appears in 129V ol. Off. Rec. Union and Confed. Armies at p. 4-91 that many North Carolinians joined the navy, 100 going at one time. Ed. BRIGADE ORGANIZATION. Vol. 4, Page 442. The following North Carolina Artil lery was at Johnston's Surrender : Fortieth N. C. T. (Third Art), serving as Infantry. See Vol. 2, p. 764. Batteries A and B (and such part of Battery C as had not been captured at Fort Fisher) of the Third N. C. Battalion. See Vol. 4, p. 269. Atkins' Battery (B) ; two sections of Cumming's Battery (C), commanded by First Lieutenant Jno. W. Galloway; Dixon's Battery (E), all of the Thirteenth (Starr's) N. C. Battalion. See Vol. 4, pp. 352, 353, 362. A. B. Stronach. Raleigh, N. C. GARLAND— IVERSON— JOHNSTON BRIGADE. Vol. 4, Page 521, line 3. The author of this sketch is Joseph F. Johnston (since the war, Governor of Alabama) and not James F. Johnston. Ed. CHAPLAIN SERVICE. Vol. 4, Page 604. Frederic Fitzgerald should be added as a Chaplain in Second Regiment. The services of Chap lains were often brief and doubtless many other names are 680 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. omitted because not recorded on the Regimental Returns. Editor. ESCAPE FROM FORT WARREN. Vol. 4, Page 733. Add to note at foot of page: Lieu tenant Joseph W. Alexander was a graduate of Annapolis; Lieutenant U. S. N. 1861 ; commanded C. S. S. Raleigh 1862, gun-boat Beaufort 1864. He was a son of Hon. Julius Alexander, of Charlotte, and uncle to Judge W. A. Hoke. W. A. Graham. Machpelah, N. C. GENERAL AND FIELD OFFICERS KILLED. Vol. 5, Page 11. Line 7, for Saunders Fuller read Saun ders F. Fulton. Ed. FALL OF HATTERAS. Vol. 5, Page 41-42. The corrected roster of Seventeenth Regiment of that date by the official records is, Company A Captain Thomas Sparrow (this was later transferred and became Company K, Tenth Regiment, 1st Art.) ; Company B. Captain Cahoon; Company C, Captain Leith; Company D. Captain Lamb ; Company E. Captain Gilliam ; Company F. Captain Martin; Company G. Captain Johnston; Com pany H. Captain Johnson; Company I. Captain Clements; Company K. Captain Sharp. Page 52, add: "Among officers captured were Colonel J. A. J. Bradford, Tenth Regiment (First Art), N. C. T., and Lieutenant G. W. Grimes, Company E, Seventeenth N. C. T., and Lieutenant M. T. Moye, Company G, same regiment Editor. CAPTURE OF PLY3IOUTH. In Vol. 5, page 175, insert in line 4 of article the Fifty- fourth regiment as present in Hoke's Brigade at the Capture of Plymouth. John W. Graham. Hillsboro, N C. Corrections. 681 parole list at appomattox. Vol. 5, p. 537. E. J. Hale is there recorded as Captain and A. A. G. but it appears from General Lane's article that in fact at that time a commission had been issued to E. J. Hale as Major under the Act of Congress of 14 June, 1864. This commission was issued, for special services and distin guished gallantry, just before the retreat from Petersburg began and the change was doubtless overlooked in the hurried preparation of the Parole List. The generals and command ing officers of regiments signed the Parole Lists, giving their rank, as may be seen by the originals on file at Washington, but the staff and other officers did not sign the list Vol. 5, Page 574, Line 6. Since that page was printed the Parole List of Barringer's and Roberts' Cavalry Bri gades, 118 names, has been obtained and printed ante page 657 ; of these only three names had been already given, so ad ding the 115 net increase we have a total of known North Carolinians on the Parole List of 5,132. Though for rea sons there given the true number of this State was doubtless about 5,500. sons there given the true number of officers and men from Editor. Many officers and soldiers seeing surrender impending moved by dislike to give up the struggle, or fear of Northern prisons to which it was thought we would be sent, slipped through the lines to evade surrender and thus their names do not appear on the Parole List On the morning of the Surrender at Appomattox I was with my regiment (Forty- fifth ) at the time the last charge was made by Grimes' Divis ion, to which it belonged. At the time I was suffering from an old open wound. Thinking that all prisoners would be marched back to City Point and thence transported to North ern prisons I left the field and started home moving down the Appomattox intending to cross in rear of Sheridan's cav alry during the night. I was captured late in the afternoon about ten miles down the river and was brought back to Gen. Grant's camp with about 150 others caught in like case of fending. Without waiting for daylight we were started 682 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. early next morning for City Point. Owing to the condition of my wound, however, I was left at Farmville for medical treatment and was paroled there a few days later. In this way, the names of no small number of soldiers (some of whom effected their escape) who were with their commands at Appomattox fail to appear on the Parole List. Cyrus B. Watson. Winston, N. C. Note. — This was especially true of the cavalry whose opportunity for escape was better and this accounts in part for the very small number pa roled in Barringer's and Roberts' N. C. Cavalry Brigades. — Editor. INDEX TO PAROLE LIST AT APPOMATTOX. Note.— These being all in Vol. 5, no volume mark is given, as in General Index follow ing this —Ed. Barringer, 567, 657. Cox, 483. Cooke, 519. Grimes, 494. First, 485. Second, 486. Third, 487. Fourth 488. Fifth, 504. Sixth, 511. Seventh. 538. Ninth, (1 Cav.), 657. Tenth, (Art., Co's A, C, D, and E.) 567-569 Eleventh, 530 Twelfth, 506. Thirteenth, 549. Fourteenth, 489 Fifteenth, 520. Sixteenth, 551. Eighteenth, 539. Nineteenth, (2 Cav. )658 Twentieth, 508 First, 503. Second, 494. BRIGADES. Johnston. 503. Lane, 537. Lewis, 511. MacRae, 529. REGIMENTS. Twenty-First, 514. Twenty-Second, 553. Twenty Third, 509. Twenty-Fourth, 560. Twenty-Fifth, 561. Twenty-Sixth, 531. Twenty-Seventh, 522. Twenty-Eighth, 540. Thirtieth, 491. Thirty-Second, 495. Thirty-Third, 543. Thirty-Fourth, 554. Thirty Fifth, 562 Thirty-Seventh, 545. Thirty-Eighth, 556. Forty-First, (3rd Cav.), 658. Forty-Third, 497. BATTALIONS. Ransom, 559. Roberts, 567, 659. Scales 547. Forty-Fourth, 533. Forty-Fifth, 499. Forty-Sixth, 524. Forty-Seventh, 534. Forty-Eighth, 526. Forty-Ninth, 564. Fifty Second, 535. Fifty Third, 501. Fifty-Fourth, 516. Fifty-Fifth, 527. Fifty-Sixth, 565. Fifty-Seventh, 517. Fifty-Ninth, (4th Cav.), 659. Sixty-Third, (5th Cav. ), 658. Seventy-Fifth, (7th Cav ), 660. Thirteenth, (f'o's C & F) 569. Sixteenth, (or 75th Reg't), 660. BATTERIES. Cumming, (C, 13th Batt ), 569. Miller, (E, 1st Art.), 569. Flanner, (F, 13tl^ Batt.), 569. Ramsay, (D, 1st Art. ), 568. Manly, (A, 1st Art.), 567. Williams, (C, 1st Art.), 567. Company B, Company G, Tenth Va. Cav Sixty-First Va. 569 SUNDRY. 569. Scattering, 569. NAMES. Abernathy, Columbus, Private, 556. Abernathy, J., Private, 567. Abernathy, J. W. C, Ord. Serg't, 545. Abernathy, L. D., Private, 563. Abernathy, M. A., Private, 496. Abernathy, S. O., Private, 510. Abernathy, R. D., Private, 496. Adams, Benj., Private, 492. Adams, D. C, Private, 531. Adams, G. W., Private, 526. Adams, Jesse, Private, 528. Adams, Jesse A., Serg't-Major, 527. Adams, J. F., Private, 540. Adams, Jas. T., Lt.-Col, 529. Adams, Meredith, Corp'l, 523. Adams, Sam. F. Jr., Capt., 494. Adams, W., Serg't, 545. Adams, W. H., Private, 512. Adcock, Henrv C, Mus'n, 527. Aderholt, J. F., 4th Corp'l, 531. Adderholt, M., Serg't, 517. Aderholt, Thos., Private, 496. Aderholt, Wm., Private, 496. Adkins, W. H., Private, 551. Adkins, Jas., Private, 551. Adkins, L., Private, 551. 684 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Albert, Robert J., Serg't, 512. Albertini, Daniel, Private, 504. Alberty, J. J., Private, 515. Albright, Henry A., 2d Lieut., 567. Albright, R. H., Private, 564. Albright, S. A., Mus'n, 511. Aldred, R., Private, 535. Aldrldge, W. J., Private, 513. Alexander, F., Serg't, 517. Alexander, Geo. W., Teamster, 571. Alexander, Jasper, Mus'n, 549. Alexander, J. A., Private, 546. Alexander, J. M., Private, 566. Alexander, J. M., 1st Corp'l, 530. Alexander, Jno. M., Serg't, 497. Alexander, J. Marion, Capt., 529. Alexander, J. O., Q. M. Serg't, 545. Alexander, O., Mus'n, 549. Alexander, T. L., Private, 545. Alexander, W. E., Private, 495. Alexander, W. W., Mus'n, 549. Alexander, Wilson W., Private, 521. Allen, A., Private, 507. Allen, Champion. Mus'n, 554. Allen, David, Private, 556. Allen, David A., Private, 561. Allen, D. C, Capt., 484. Allen, Demarcus S., Serg't, 521. Allen, G. W., Corp'l, 532. Allen, H., Private, 513. Allen, J., Private, 571. Allen, James, Private, 552. Allen, Jerrv, Private, 496. Allen, John L., Private, 560. Allen, John W., 2d Lieut., 547. Allen, R. B., Private, 533. Allen, Robt., Private, 560. Allen, Samuel T., Private, 555. Allen, Wm. J., Private, 512. Alligood, Stephen H., Private, 486. Allison, James, Private, 566. Allison, John B., Private, 561. Allison, John G., Private, 561. Allison, Norris, Private, 561. Allison, Richard, Private, 561. Allison, Wm. P., Private, 561. Allison, W. T., Private. 541. Allred, Clements M., Private, 490. Allred, W. B.. Private. 532. Allridge. W., Private, 554. Alman, Robert, Private. 508. Almond, I).. Private, 543. Aired, W. R., 2d Serg't. 554. Alston, B., Private, 508. Alston, J. D., Serg't. 508. Anderson, A. A.. Private. 503. Anderson, David T., Private, 536. Anderson, Jno., Private, 551. Anderson, M. O., Private. 493. Anderson, William, Private. 555. Anderson, W. N., Private, 540. Anderton, N.. Private, 507. Andrew, J. W.. Private. 55?,. Andrews, B.. Corp'l. 513. Andrews, Ed.. 4th Serg't, 550. Andrews, E. M., Private. 530. Andrews. J. I... Serg't. 513. Andrews, S. A.. Manly's Battery, 567. Andrews, T., Private, 506. Andrews, W. M.. 2d Lieut.. 547. Andrews, Wm. W., 1st Serg't, 558. Angerman. W. H., 2d Lieut.. 538. Anthonv. H. G.. Serg't. 540. Apple, E. R., 3d Corp'l. 551. Apple, Peter, Private, 516. Apple, Pinknev, Private, 516. Ardrey, W. E., Capt.. 484. Armstrong, A., Private, 517. Armstrong, B. O, Private, 522. Armstrong, N. E., Capt., 548. Armstrong, T. J., Capt., 538. Arnett, Alexander, 2d Corp'l, 558. Arney, B. F., Private, 563. Arney, J. E., Private, 525. Arney, J. P., Private, 563. Arney, P. E., Private, 525. Arnold, Neill T., 2d Serg't, 525. Arnold, Solomon, Private, 521. Arnold, Thos. H., Private, 521. Arrington, A. S., Serg't, 492. Airington, S. P., Q. M. Serg't, 506. Ashcraft, T. E., Capt., 494. A.shcroft, Thos. J., Private, 570. Ashford, John, Col., 548. Ashley, Jas. P., 2d Serg't, 531. Askew, Geo. H., Private, 558. Askew, Frank, Private, 535. Askew, R. J., Private, 485. Atkins, Jas. W., Private, 521. Atkins, X. T., Private, 500. Atkinson, J. W., Corp'l, color-bearer, 544. Atkinson, O. A., Serg't, 498. Atkinson, Octavius, 1st Serg't, 569. Atkinson, W., Private, 499. Atwater, M., Private, 542. Auldred, Jno., Private. 552. Ausburn, Zach, Private, 531. Austin, D. P., Private, 543. Austin, E., Private, 539. Austin, G. B., Mus'n, 488. Austin, G. D., Private, 531. Austin, John C. Private, 527. Austin, J. H., Serg't-Major, 545. Austin, John W.. Private. 486. Austin, Rufus, Private, 501. Austin, Thomas A., Private, 527. Austin. W., Prn-atf. 553. Austin, W. A., 1st Lieut., 520. Autrev, Phillip, Private, 523. Autry, David, Serg't, 487. Avery. L. A.. Serg't, 487. Aycock, L., Private, 522. Avcoek, E. S., Private, 491. Aycock, J. R., Private, 660. Ayersl Jno., Private, 498. Avres, David, Private, 504. Ayres, S. P., Private, 485. Bachelor, J. A., Private, 509. Badger, Sherwood, (courier), 498. Badget, A. H.. Serg't, 492. Badget, John R., Private, 495. Badgett, J. D., Private, 492. Badgett, J. W., Capt.. 484. Badgett, Jos. W.. Serg't, 402. Baggerly. J. F., Private, 489. Bagwell, Stanhope H., Private, 555. Bailey, Amos, Private, 552. Bailev. Benj.. Private. 492. Bailev. W. G.. Private, 554. Balnes. Jas. P., Private. 544. Baines, Wm., Private, 534. Baker, A., Private, 5.31. Baker, Alex., Private, 515. Baker, Ben. J.. Private, 515. Baker, B. T., Private. 533. Baker. D. D., Private, 502. Baker, F. J., Private, 515. Bilker, H. F., Private, 517. Baker, J., Private, 531. Baker, Jackson, Manly's Battery, 567. Baker, Jasper, Private, 512. Baker. J. C\. Private. 515. Baker, W. H., Hanly's Battery, 567. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 685 Baker, W. T., Private, 531. Balch, A., Corporal, 541. Balch, F. H., Private, 541. Balch, M., Private, 541. Baldwin Alfred, Private, 568. Baldwin, A. J., Private, 541. Baldwin, Charles M., Serg't, 540. Baldwin, Hiram, Private, 490. Baldwin, J. R., Private, 540. Bales, E. M., Serg't, 493. Bales, J. P., Private, 493. Ball, C. N., Private, 504. Ball, Franklin, Private, 527. Ball, T., Private, 516. Ball, W., Private, 516. Ballard, John, Private, 499. Ballard, J. C, Private, 499. Ballard, Kedar J., Corporal, 505, 569. Ballard, W. M.. Sergeant, 542. Ballard, W. W., Private, 539. Banks, R. B., Private, 540. Banner, John E., Sergeant, 486. Baply, Peter, Private, 512. Barbee, A., Private, 542. Barbee, D. C, Corporal, 513. Barbee, H., Private, 542. Barber, A. P., Private, 501. Barber, H. A., Private, 501. Barber", Jackson, Private, 560. Barber, J. W., Private, 505. Barber, Kimmon, Private, 560. Barber, S., Private, 533. Barberry, Elic, Private, 566. Barbour, J. Y., Musician, 488. Barden, Allen, 1st Corporal, 525. Bardin, Wm., Private, 524. Bare, Jacob, Private, 554. Bare, R., Private, 531. Barger, Hosea, Private, 509. Barnam, A., Private, 500. Barill, J. H., Private, 485. Barker, D. D., Private, 507. Barker, L. J., Hosp. Steward, 540. Barlow, P., 2d Sergeant, 553. Barnard, Jno. C, Private, 489. Barnes, B., Private, 507. Barnes, E., Private, 658. Barnes, Elias, Private. 499. Barnes, Geo. B. Captain and A. Q M 559 Barnes, j. B., Private, 658. Barnes, G. L., Private, 507. Barnes. H. L., Private, 510. Barnes, Jas., Sergeant, 532. Barnes, John, Private, 560. Barnes, R., Private, 507. Barnes, S., Private, 543. Barnes, S. Mose, Private, 488. Barnes, Spencer, Private, 492. Barnett, C. M., Private, 542. Barnett, E. S., Private, 51.1. Barnett, G. P., Private, 492. Barnett, George W., Musician, 552. Barnett, Wm., Private. 513. Barneycastle, H. L., Private, 504. Barneycastle, J. R., Private, 504. Barnhart, Robert, Private, 568. Barnhart, R. W., Private, 544. Barnhart, W., Private, 544. Barnhart, W. E., Private, 544. Barnhill, C, Private, 539. Barnhill, J. W., Private, 546. Barrett, James, Corporal, 497. Barrett, J. W., Private, 543. Barrett, W. A., 2d Lieutenant, 559. Barrier, D. M., Sergeant, 517. Barringer, J. L., Private, 517. Barringer, W. J., Private, 505. Barrow, Charles, Sergeant, 514. Barton, Ben. B., Private, 561. Basler, Jno., Private, 551. Bartlett, J. S., 1st Sergeant, 531. Bason, J. D., Captain, 547. Bason, W. H., Private, 550. Bass, Bryant, Private, 527. Bass, Hodge, Private, 486. Bassett, G. W., 1st Lieutenant, 657. Bassinger, G. H., Private, 489. Bassinger, John, Private, 505. Bassinger, John C, Private, 570. ii.issi-.i.er, Joseph, Private, 524. Batcheler, Wright, Private, 534. Bateman, J. A., Private, 500. Batson, D. F., Musician, 563. Batten, Wesley, Private, 501. Battle, Dossey, 1st Lieutenant and A. D. C, 511. Battle, J. S., 1st Lieutenant and A. D. C, 483. Batts, William C, Corporal, 486, 569. Batts, W., Private, 493. Baucom, G. W., Sergeant, 545. Baughn, R. K., Private, 551. Baugle, W. H. H., Private, 508. Beal, W., Private, 526. Beam, David H., Private, 555. Beam, M. R., Musician, 527. Beam, John, Private, 555. Beam, W. P., Captain, 548. Bean, J. W., Private, 489. Bean, M. L., 1st Lieutenant and Acting Adjutant, 484. Bean, R. T., Private, 524. Beard, M. P., Private, 488. Beard, John, Jr., Private, 517. Beard, John, Captain, 511. Beard, J. F. M., Corporal, 545. Beard, R. C, Private, 488. Beasley, S. H., Private, 510. Beaty, Alexander S., Private, 556. Beatty, J. D., Private, 567. Beatty, J. F., Private, 541. Beatty, W., Private, 567. Beavans, John, Private, 498. Beaver, M., Private, 489. Beaver. Joseph, Private, 506. Beck, John M., Private, 490. Beckham, N. L., Private, 513. Becknell John L., Private, 561. Bedingfield, B. K., Musician, 563. Bedsole, C, Private, 525. Bedsole, W., Private, 525. Belch, R. D., Private, 496. Bell, B.'F., Private, 543. Bell, J. C, Private, 541. Bell, Shade, Private, 540. Bell, Wm., Hosp. Steward, 560. Bell, W. A., Private, 560. Bell, William D., Com. Serg't, 486. Beltch, Robert D., Private, 570. Belton, J. H., Private, 551. Belton. Wm. B., Private, 515. Benfleld, J. R., Private, 563. Bennett, C. G., Private, 659. Bennett, J. E., Sergeant, 506. Bennett, Jno. G., Private, 660. Bennett, Riley, Private, 502. Benson, Harrison, Musician, 552. Benson, James O, Musician, 508. Benson, James R., Corporal, 505. Benson; R. L., Private, 564. Bently, J. J., Private, 546. 686 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. Benton, J. L., Musician, 509. Benton, W. H., Private, 509. Berry, Jas. D., Sergeant, 512. Berry, J., Ass't Surgeon, 529. Berry, Wm., Private, 512. Bess, Thos., Private, 565. Best, B. S., Corporal, 524. Best, J. R., Private, 487. Best, Sam'l, Private, 561. Beverlv, J. L., Private, 499. Bevill, A., Private, 524. Bickers, Wm. A., Ass't Surgeon, 511. Bickerstaff, Harvey W., Private, 521. Bicket, Jas. S., Private, 521. Biggers, W. A., Private, 563. Biggs, W. L., Private, 495. Bikle, L. A., Chaplain, 503. Biles, Hutson T., Private, 491. Billeter, Amos, Private, 515. Billeter, P. L., Private, 514. Billings, Dan'l, Private, 527. Billings, J.. Private, 551. Billingslv, James J., Private, 490. Billups, J , Private, 485. Billups, Lawrence, Corporal, 522. Bingham, G. M., Sergeant, 660. Bingham, Henry, Private, 517. Bingham, J. W., 2d Corporal, 530. Bingham, Ro., Captain, 529. Pinion, A. H., Ass't Surgeon, 511. Binkley, J. W., Private, 514. Bird, James T., Private, 490. Birdsong, L. N., Private, 496. Birtchet, J. F., Private, 510. Biscoe, H. L., Major and Com. Sub., 547. Bishop, Henry H., Private, 487. Bishop, Thos. N., 2d Lieutenant, 484. Bissett, J. J., Private, 534. Bivens, J. W., Private, 502. Bivins, R. M., Private, 545. Bizzell, Hardy R., Private, 557. Black, Jno. F., Private, 527. Black, J. M., Sergeant, 545. Black, M., Private, 546. Black, Noah, Private, 564. Black, Pinkney, Private, 509. Black, S. A., Private, 564. Black, T., Private, 546. Black, Wm., Private, 564. Blackburn, W., 3d Sergeant, 554. Blackley, Wm. A., Sergeant, 521. Blackstone, R„ Private, 530. Blackwelder, Daniel, Private, 659. Blackwelder, D. M., Private, 497. Blackwell, John, Private, 517. Rlackwell, Moses M., Private, 552. Blackwell, Wm. M., Private, 528. Blackwood, J. M., Private, 544. Blackwood, S. D., Corporal, 544. Blair, Jesse, Private, 512. Blair, M. B., Ist Lieutenant, 529. Blair. S. W., Private, 530. Blackmore, J. H., Lieutenant and Ord. Officer, 559. Blalock, J. C, Private, 532. Blalock, William B., Private. 497. Blalock, W. D., Private, 512. Blalock, W. M., Private, 562. Blanton, E. J., Private, 521. Blanton, Elijah, Private, 555. l;ian*on, J- im-s. P't'r.te, 555. Blanton, William, Private, 556. Blanton, Wm. H., 2d. Lieutenant, 549. Bledsoe, G., Private, 492. Blevens, A. C, Private, 546. Blevins, W., Private, 5S1. Blizzard, A. B., Private, 523. Bloodworth, J. F., Private, 540. Blount, W. A., Surgeon, 657. Blythe, C. N., Private, 510. Bobbitt, B. B., Private, 498. Bobbitt, J. M., Private, 507. Bobbitt, P. A., Sergeant, 507. Bobbitt, W. H., Private, 507. Boger, Jos. A., Sergeant, 517. Boggan, John, Private, 498. Boggan, Jno. A., Lieutenant, 494. Boggs, Jehu, Private, 523. Bogle, J. L., PrivateL 489. Bogue, J., Private, o30. Bolch, F., Private, 542. Boles, Geta, Private, 515. Bolick, B. T., Private, 512. Boiiek, H. I., Private, 495. Bolin, John, Private, 563. Bolin, Lee, Private, 563. Boling, I'., Private, 510. Bolton, W. M., Private, 497. Bomer, J. P., Private, 544. Bond, W. J., Sergeant, 505. Bone, J. W., Private, 493. Boney. Christopher C, Private, 557. Bonner, W. C, Private, 514. Booker, G., Private, 531. Booker, G. W., Private, 500. Booker, W. E., Private. 531. Boon, D. H., Private, 515. Boon, H. Z., Private, 515. Boon, J. D., Private, 515. Boon, Patterson. Private, 535. Boon, Wm. H., Private, 557. Boone, A., Private, 485. Boone, James D., Qr. Mr. Serg't, 485. Boone, Thomas D., Captain, 484. Boone. W. F., Private, 485. Booney, S. B., Private, 525. Booth, J. H., Corporal, 535. Borders, Albert J., Corporal, 555. Borders, Henry J., Private, 555. Boseman, J. D., Private, 522. Bost, E. G., Sergeant, 506. Bost, Morris, Private, 496. Bost, J. L., Major, 538. Bost, J. M., Private, 508. Bost, R. A., Captain, 519. Bost, W. W., Private, 497. Bostian, T. C. Private, 496. Bostic, T. J., 2d Lieutenant, 494. P.ostic, W. H., Private, 507. Bostic, W.. Private, 513. Boswell, Alex'r, Private, 499. Boswell, J. A., Private, 485. Boswell, M., Private, 544. Bough, W. F., 1st Lieutenant, 569. Bowden, J. W., Private, 532. Bowden, W. H., Private, 507. Bowen, Daniel A., Private, 555. Bowen, G. W., Private. 528. Bowman, G., Private, 516. Bowman, John, Private, 490. Bowman, Joseph, Private, 515. Bowman, P. C, Private, 506. Boyd, D., Private, 544. Boyd, J. R., Private, 489. Boyd, John W., Private, 557. Boyette, Larry B., 2d Lieutenant, 484. Boykin, D. W., Musician, 660. Boykin, Irvin, Private, 486. Boylan, D. L., Corporal, 485. Brachen, T. H., Private, 571. Bracket, W. D., Private, 553. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 687 Brackett, W., Private, 567. Bradley, Isaac T., Private, 552. Bradley, J. T., Private, 516. Bradley, Lem'l, Private, 498. Bradley, S. B., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Bradshaw, B., Private, 492. Bradshaw, J. I., Private, 532. Bradshaw, John S., Private, 557. Brady, Sam'l, Private, 560. Bragg, Andrew J., Private, 498. Bragg, W. C, Private, 539. Bragg, W. F., Private, 534. Branch, Bolin, Private, 498. Branch, Geo. N., Private, 498. Branch. J., Private, 532. Branch, W. R., Private, 485. Brandon, W. J., 4th Corporal, 550. Brannock, J., Private, 540. Branner, Jno. A., Serg't-Major, 499. Branson, Isaac N., 1st Sergeant, 524. Brantly, David H., Private, 557. Brantly. Wiley H., Private. 558. Braswell, A. O., Private, 497. Brasswell, C. S., Private, 551. Braswell, Jas., Private, 492. Braswell, R. H., Private, 522. Brawley, W. R. J., Musician, 488. Braxton, E. M., Major and Q. M., 519. Bray, W. P., 2d Lieutenant, 559. Brendie, H. F., Private, 501. Brewer, .A. H., Corporal, 491. Brewer, E., Private, 532. Brewer, H., Private, 525. Brewe^ Jno., Private, 532. Brewer, Sam'l W., Sergeant, 521. Brewer, W. T., Surgeon, 494. Brice, John D., Private, 505. Brice, O. D., Private, 566. Bridgers, S. G. H., Private, 542. Bridges, B. H., 1st Sergeant, 528. Bridges, Francis M., 2d Sergeant, 558. Bridges, K. A., Private, 535. Bridges, Samuel, Private, 555. Bridges, T. S., Private, 542. Bridges, Washington W., 2d Srg't, 555. Briggs, G. W., Surgeon, 484. Briggs, P. M., 2d Lieutenant, 520. Briley, Ellhu, 3d Corporal, 528. Briley, W., Private, 544. Brincefleld, G. H., Private, 551. Brindle, D"., Private, 540. Brinkley, Henry, Corporal, 514. Brinkley, James, Private, 486. Brinson, Wm., -N., Private, 497. Brison, J. H., Private, 510. Britt, J. P., Private, -660. Britt, Thos. A., Q. M. Sergeant, 520. Brittle, J. T., Private, 496. Britton, Henry T., Private, 520. Britton, J., Private, 563. Britton, S., .'.Private, 530. Brodie, E. G., Sergeant, 516. Brooks, Geo., Private, 531. Brooks, John, Private, 504. Brooks, R. D., Corporal, 492. Brooks, S. J., Private, 504. Brooks, William, Private, 555. Broom, H. A., Private, 497. Broom, J. P., Private, 563. Broom, S., Private, 497. Brotherton, Hiram, Private, 536. Brotherton, James, Private, 536. Brotherton, William, Private, 556. Brower, William H., Private, 490. Brower, W. L., Private, 525. Brown, A. D., 2d Lieutenant, 569. Brown, A. J., Captain, 548. Brown, D., Private, 533. Brown, D. M., Private, 491. Brownt D. S., Trivate, 494. Brown, Elbert, Sergeant, 561. Brown, Eli, Private, 557. Brown, E. W., Private, 516. Brown, G. L., Captain, 547. Brown, G. W., Private, 550. Brown, H.. Private, 492. Brown, H.; Private, 544. Brown, Henry, Private, 512. Brown, Jas. D., Private, 497. Brown, Jesse, Private, 498. Brown, J. J., Private, 660. Brown. J., Private, 540. Brown, Jno. B., Captain and A. I. G., 4S3. Brown, J. H., Private, 504. Brown, J. H., Sergeant, 540. Brown, J. AV., Musician, 549. Brown, J. S. W., Private. 528. Brown, J. W., Private, 571. Brown, John S., Private, 527. Brown, Julius S., Private, 512. Brown, Lafayette N., Private, 570. Brown, Merrill W., 2d Sergeant, 556. Brown, Peter M., Private, 523. Brown, R. G., Sergeant, 507. Brown, T. L., Corporal, 544. Brown, W. D., Corporal, 517. Brown, W. E., Private, 491. Brown. William E., Private, 570. Brown, W. H., Private, 506. Brown, W. H., Private, 658. Brown, W. L., 2d Sergeant, 527. Brown, Wilson, Private, 523. Browning, W., Private, 512. Bruce, James, Private, 487. Bruel, J. J., Private, 571. Bryan, A. S., Private, 527. Bryan, A. T., Private, 522. Bryan, Cornelius, Private, 491. Bryan, Jos. O., Private, 496. Bryant, J. H., Sergeant, 493. Bryant, L., Private, 489. Bryant, S. A., Private, 527. Buchanan, Geo. W., Private, 553. Buckaner, E., Private, 532. Buff, H., Private, 567. Buie, Bailey, Hosp. Steward, 565. Buie, S. T., Private, 540. Bullard, A., Private, 562. Bullard, J. D., Corporal, 499. Bullard, J. W., Private, 508. Bullen, B. H., Private, 502. Bullock, G. B., Captain 503. Bullock, J. B., Private, 487. Bullock, J. Ev Private, 528. Bullock, R. A., Sergeant, 506. Bumgarner, A., Private, 541. Bunch, J. J., Private, 534. Bundront, Joel, Private, 494. Bunn, J. D., Private, 493. Bunn, J. H., Private, 493. Bunn, William F., Private, 568. Bunting, Gary, Private, 533. Bunting, Wm., Private, 498. Burch, A. J., 1st Corporal, 550. Bureh, J. J., Private, 545. Burch, W. R., Private, 525. Burchett, J., Private, 544. Burchett, Jackson, Private, 515. Burke, James E., Private, 497. Burkhead, J. A., Private, 517. Burgess, Hardy, Private, 492. 688 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Burgess, James P., 3d Sergeant, 552. Burgess, Jos. I., Sutler, 522. Burgess, Ten-ill, Private, 539. Burleyson, A., Private, 542. Burnett, Jas. H., Private, 522. Burney, W. C, Corporal, 524. Burns, James, Private, 568. Burns, M., Private, 554. Burress, Wiley, Private, 498. Burroughs, Wm. H. H. Musician, 523. Burrows, jno. A., Private, 510. Burt, James G., Private, 486. Burt, W. P., 1st Sergeant, 531. Burton, D. P., Private, 550. Burton, J. A., 4th Sergeant, 550. Burton, J. B., Private, 554. Burton, J. C, Private. 493. Burton, J. W., Private* 485. Burton, J. H., 2d Sergeant, 550. Burton, John, Private, 659. Burton, N. E., Private, 550. Burwell, John B., Captain and A. Q M., 483. Burwell. W. R.. Private. 497. Busbee, C. M., Sergeant-Major, 504. Busick. A. J., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Bush. J. A., 2d Lieutenant, 529. Butler, Benjamin L., 1st Sergeant, 569. Butler, B. L., Sergeant. 491. Butler, O, Private, 530. Butler, E., Private, 571. Butler, Havward, Private, 557. Butler, H. A., A. A. General, 519. Butler, J. M., Private, 530. Butler, W. F.. Private, 485. Butler, W. H., 4th Sergeant, 530. Butner, A. B., Private, 504. Butner, F. M.. Q. M. Sergeant, 543. Butner, W. N., Musician, 543. Butts, P. C. Private. 571. Byerly, G., Private, 564. Byers, John H., Private, 561. Byers, Jos. R., 1st Lieutenant. 559. Bynum, James. Private, 536. Bynum, Joseph F., Private, 570. Byrd, P., Private, 546. Cable, Lewis. Private, 538. Caddell, Ed. B., Private, 564. Cagle, George, Private, 495. Cain, S. H., Private, 501. Cain, S. S.. Private. 533. Calder, J. A., Private, 539. Caldwell, J. F., Sergeant, 536. Caldwell, J. L., Private, 496. Calhoun, W. J.; Sergeant, 543. Calicut, A., rrivate, 521. Call, P. C. Sergeant, 485. Call, W. H., Sergeant, 660. Callahan, Robert S., Private, 552. Callais. W. J., Captain. 538. Callum, Arch., Private, 487. Calvin, Thos. R., Musician, 539. Cameron, T. H., 1st Lieutenant, 572. Camp, A., Private, 507. Camp, O, Sergeant. 508. Camp, John C, Private, 552. Camp. L. A., Private, 564. Campbell, A., Private, 526. Campbell, D., Private. 497. Campbell, Ezekiel, Private, 490. Campbell, Freisan, Private, 489. Campbell, G. W., Private, 493. Campbell, J. B., Private, 508. Campbell. John C. Private. 558. Canipe, F., Private, 568. Canipe, John A.. Private, 528. Canipe, John C, Private, 555. Cannady, A. L., Private, 485. Cannady, Isaac G., Ass't Surgeon, 520. Cannady, John P., 2d Sergeant, 528. Cantrill, F. P., Private, 561. Cansler, M. S., 3d Corporal, 567. Capehart, Dr. W. R., Surgeon, 567. Cardon, J., Private, 543. Carland, E., Private, 566. Carland, Felix C. Private, 561. Carlile, P. A., Private, 513. Carlton, A., Private, 513. Carpenter, A., Private, 541. Carpenter, Ben. F., Sergeant, 555. Carpenter, C, Private, 541. Carpenter, Hezekiah B., Private, 490. Carpenter, J. P., Sergeant, 517. Carpenter, M., Private, 541. Carpenter, R., Sergeant, 485, Carpenter, W. R., Private, 488. Carr, A. S., Sergeant, 523. Carr, D. C, Private. 498. Carraway, D. T., Major and C. S., 537. Carrington, Geo. W., Surgeon, 484. Carroll, Calvin, Corporal, 515. Carroll, J. L., Q. M. Sergeant, 524. Carroll, Mark L., 5th Sergeant, 528. Carroll, Thos. D., Private, 501. Carson, E. W., Corporal, 565. Carson, R. W., Corporal, 541. Carson^ Thomas L., Sergeant, 556. Carter, A. C, 2d Sergeant, 489. Carter, Albert T., Musician, 490. Carter, H. B.. Private, 551. Carter, Jno., Private, 535. Carter, J. C, Private, 541. Carter, J. R., Private, 544. Carter, Julius F., Private, 491. Carter, L. H., Private, 571. Carter, Nathan, Private, 513. Carter, S. W., 1st Corporal, 551. Carter, W. B., Private, 551. Carter, Wilson, Private, 504. Carvin, Jno. Y., Private, 488. Case, John, Private, 540. Cash, A. G., Private, 506. Cash, N. C, Private, 510. Cash, Norfleet C, Private, 570. Caskiel, W., Private. 543. Cason, Samuel R., Private, 523. Castle. Y. B., Ord. Sergeant, 515. Cates, S. P., Private, 534. Cathey, Alfred, Private, 556. Cathey, H., Private. 549. Causbey, W. N., Private, 530. Cauble. Jacob, Private, 517. Caudle, A. B., Private. 545. Causley, Thomas, Private, 552. Causley, William, Private, 552. Causey, J. O, Private, 525. Cavaniss, J. F., 1st Corporal, 525. Cavaniss, W. J., Private, 525. Cave, Reuben, Private, 495. Chamberlain, Madison, Private, 570. Chambers, Alex., Private, 497. Chambers, H. A., Captain, 559. Champion, D. O. P., Private, 542. Champion, Jno. C, Private. 521. Chaneeller. G. B., Private, 496. Chancey, E. P., Sergeant, 531. Chancey, J. J.. Private, 540. Chandler, George, Private, 659. Chapman, Geo., Private, 499. Chapman, James W., Sergeant, 546. Chapman, M., 3d Sergeant, 567. Chapman, R. L., 2d Sergeant, 567. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 689 Chapman, W. F., Private, 567. Chappell, M. C, Private, 536. Cheek, Alex., Private, 659. Cheek, Chas. C, Corporal, 522. Cheek, G. W., Private, 513. Cheek, J. D., Sergeant, 489. Cheek, J. W., Private, 542. Cheek, W. R., Private, 507. Cheek, Wm., Private, 500. Cheevis, Jno. H., Sergeant, 584. Cherry, M. G., Captain, 529. Chesnutt, J. E., Private, 487. Chesnutt, O. L., Captain, 548. Chesson, J. A., Sergeant, 531. Chester, Sidney, Private, 512. Chewning, John, Private, 499. Childers, H. H., Private, 563. Childers, J., Private, 545. Childers, J., Private, 544. Childerst William, Private, 496. Childress, Hiram, Private, 504. Chisenhall, John, Private, 566. Chisholm, M., Private, 542. Chitwood, William, Private, 566. Christie, J. H., Private, 488. Christman, D. P., Sergeant, 488. Civils, V., Private, 524. Clark, A. S., Private, 510. Clark, Alhertus W., Private, 570. Clark, G. C, Private, 507. Clark, James, Private, 510. Clark, J., Private, 533. Clark, J. B., Private, 533. Clark, J. C, Private, 553. Clark, J. E., Private, 544. Clark, J. F., Private, 546. Clark, J. L., Private, 510. Clark, M., Private, 530. Clark, R. B., Private, 553. Clark, R. F., Private, 549. Clark, W. A., Private, 541. Clark, W. H., Private, 544. Clarke, Durell, Private, 560. Clarke, M. Y" Private, 564. Clary, Wm., Private, 489. Ciay, J. H., Private, 530. Clay, Miles M., Private, 557. Clayton, A. J., Private, 563. Clayton, M. G, Corporal, 514. Clayton, S. D., Private, 563. Clegg, C. B., 2d Lieutenant, 520. Clegg, H. C, 2d Sergeant, 526. Clemer, L. R., Private, 541. Clemmer, G. P., Private, 565. Clemmons, W. J. P., Private, 495. Clemmons, W. C, Private, 509. Clenny, L. M., Private, 499. Clewis, Z., Private, 539. Clifton, Francis A., 5th Sergeant, 557. Cline, A. K., Private, 496. Cline, L. W., Private, 507. Cline, W. H., Private, 531. Clodfelter, A. W., 3d Sergeant, 526. Close, Y. D., Private, 504. Cloud, A. S., Lieut.-Colonel, 547. Clover, W. F., Private, 564. Cobb, B., Private, 553. Cobb, H. M., Private, 502. Cobb, Jeff., Sergeant, 493. Cobb, J. B., Private, 492. Cobb, K., Private, 569. Cobb, R. H., Private, 569. Cobb, S. P., Private, 534. Cobb, W. J., Captain, 494. Coble, Alfred, Private! 513. Coble, A. M., Private, 550. 44 Coble, David, Private, 534. Coble, D. 0., Private, 550. Cochran, A. D., Private, 567. Cochran, James G., Musician, 552. Cochran, R. B., Private, 563. Cochran, W. R., Private, 501. Cochrane, A. J., Private, 568. Cochrane, Jno. M., Captain, 538. Cody, Jas., Private, 531. Cody, Jno., Private, 531. Coe, A., Private, 540. Coffee, J., Private, 545. Coffey, W., Private, 571. Coffle, C. B., Private, 660. Cogdill, Z. T., Private, 495. Coke, Lucius C, Ass't Surg., 484. Cole, Elijah, Corporal, 521. Cole, Elisha, Private, 552. Cole, G. B., Sergeant, 492. Cole, Geo. O., Corporah. 521. Cole, Isaiah S., Corporal, 521. Cole, R. W., Captain, 548. Cole, R. T., Private, 493. Cole, W. B., Corporal, 521. Cole, W. P., Private, 487. Cole, W. T., Private, 572. Coleman, D. R., Chief Musician, 508. Coleman! E., Private, 491. Coleman, Henry, 1st Lieutenant, 503. Coleman, J. A., Private, 500. Coleman, J. L., Corporal, 499. Coleman, S. H., 1st Lieutenant and Ord. Officer, 483. Coley, Chas. N., Private. 536. Coley, J. H., Musician, 515. Colley, L. R., Sergeant, 486. Collier, Sam'l P., Serg't-Major, 486. Collins, B. M., 1st Lieutenant, 503. Collins, David D., Private, 557. Collins, G. W., Corporal, 569. Collins, H. W.. Private, o40. Collins, J. A., '2d Lieutenant, 569. Collins, S. A., Private, 492. Colton, James H., Chaplain, 494. Comal, S., Private, 541. Conally, Leander R., 1st Serg't, 557. Condrey, A. G., Private, 562. Condrev, J. V., Private, 562. Conneli, J. H., Private, 568. Conner, George J., Private, 555. Connort Humphrey, Private, 561. Conrad, J. C, Private, 496. Consolva, Chas., Musician, 495. Cook, Aaron, Private, 528. Cook, Isam, Private, 504. Cook, J. H., Private, 506. Cook, Josiah, Private, 495. Cook, Joseph, Private, 659. Cook, L., Private, 541. Cook, R. B., Private, 488. Cook, R. F., 1st Corporal, 535. Cook, Thos., Private, 518. Cook, W. J., Private, 527. Cook, W. L., Private, 549. Cooke, E. M., 2d Lieutenant, 548. Cooke, Jno. R., Brig.-General, 519. Coon, A., Private, 531. Coonce, Henry, Private, 496. Cooper, Columbus, Private, 490. Cooper, C. A., Private, 516. Cooper, David Y., Hosp. Steward, 556. Pooper, Henry S. S., Q. M. Serg't, 568. Cooper, S. T., Sergeant, 497. Cooper, W. J., Private, 504. Cooper, W. R., Musician, 511. Copeland, J. H., Private, 553. '690 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Corbett, Wm., Private, 523. Corbit, Augustus, Private, 505. Corbitt, Warren, Private, 480. Cordle, Thonias, Private, 509. Core, Arthur, Private, 560. Corn, John P., Private, 552. Corn, Mathew W., Private, 552. Cornish, Wilie A.. Hosp. Steward, 539. Cornwell, O. M., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Con-ell, N. B.. Musician, 508. Corzine, J. O. Private, 544. Cosand, William, Private. 556. Cosart, E. II.. Musician, 511. Cosart, J. 11., Musician, 511. Costin, S. P... Private. 539. Costner, E. S., I'rivate, 565. Costlier, Thomas. Private. 558. Coston, E. M., I'rivate, 562. Cotton, John, Private, 563. Cotton; R., Private, 562. Cottrill, W. S., Private, 560. Council, A., Private. 502. Council, E. D., Private, 505. Cnuncil, Thos. C, Corporal, 521. Council, T. T., Private, 544. Covington, E. D., Serg't-Major, 533. Covington, H. T.. Private, 533. Covington, Nat., Private, 659. Covington, R., Private, 551. Covington. S. T.. Private, 550. Covington, W. T., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Cowand, D. G., Colonel, 494. Cowan, N. V., I'rivate, 488. Cowan, R. V.. Colonel, 538. Cowan, W. AV., Corporal, 487. Cox, C- U., Ass't Surgeon, .>59. Cox, G. AV., Private. 495. Cox, H., I'rivate, 551. Cox. H. A'.. Private, 531. Cox, J.. Private, 500. Cox, AV. R., Brigadier-General, 483. Crabtree, Abraham. I'rivate, 490. Crabtree, Heurv. Private. 560. Crabtree; U., Private. 485. Craft, V. B., 1st Corporal, 550. Craig, Jas. A., Private, 521. Craig. Jno. T., Private. 521. Craig, J. S., Private, 546. Craige, S. AY., Private. 563. Cranford, H. G., Corporal, 517. Cranor, AV. E., Private, 445. Crater, David, Private, 555. Crater, R. J., I'rivate, 543. Craven, F., 2d Sergeant, 524. Craven, Newton, Private, 517. Crawford. B. F., Private. 533. Crawford, Eli, Private, 556. Crawford, J. A., Sergeant, 542. Crawford, Leonard. Private, 556. Crawford, S. N., Private, 542. Crawley, A. ]!.. I'rivate, 501. Crayton, AV., Corporal, 541. Creaseman, A., Private, 531. Creaseman, J., Private, 554. Creedle, C. N., Private, 513. Creech, J., Private, 540. Creech, Nasrow, Private, 505. Creed, Anderson, Private, 495. Creed, J. D., Private, 514. Creed, J. AV.. I'rivate. 514. Crenshaw, John, Private, 564. Cress, Absalom, Private, 506. Cress, H. AV., Private, 517. Crew, J. H., Corporal, 496. Crews, Alexander, 2d Lieutenant, 572. Crews, D. G., Sergeant, 510. Crews, E. W., Private, 504. Crews, John, Private, 500. Crews, S. P.., Private, 546. Crews, AV. F.t Private, 492. Crisp, Robert, Private, 556. Crisp, S. E., Private, 492. Cromartie, Jas. A., Corporal, 540. Croner, H. H., Corporal, 515. Croom, X. R., Private, 545. Cross, Elbert, Private, 505. Cross. J., I'rivate, 535. Cross, M. H., 2d Lieutenant, 484. Cross, AV., I'rivate. 535. Crottw, AA'illiam. Private, 555. Crouse, L. I., Private, 496. L'rover, A. C, Private, 494. Crow, John S., Private, 52i Crowder, N., I'rivate, 504. Crowder, AVm. P., Private, 558. Crowell, J. AV., Sergeant, 493. Crowell, S. AV., Private, 549. Crump, J. J., Captain, 529. Crump, AA'. F., Private, 527. Crumpler, J. A., Corporal, 515. Crumpler, K. M., Sergeant, 491. Cruse, J., Private, 544. Cruse, Jos., Corporal, 517. Crutchfield, E. F., Private, 513. Crutchfield, F., Private, 533. Crutchneld. G. P., Corporal, 512. Crutchfield, H., Private, 533. Crutclitield, James, Private, 513. Crutchneld, AV., Private, 533. Culbretb. Calvin, Private, 565. Cullum, Benj. F.. Private, 498. Culpepper, J., Private, 493. Cunimings, J. AA7., Private, 514. Cunningham, H., Sergeant, 571. Cunningham, R. M., Private, 489. Cureton, Thos. J., Captain, 529. Curi-ie, D. M., Hosp. Steward, 511. Currie, Edward, Private, 560. Currie, H. A., Corporal, 562. Currie, J. P., Private, 491. Curtis, A. .7.. Private, 485. Curtis, AA'ni., Sergeant, 531. Cuthbertsoii. J. D., 1st Lieutenant, 494. Cuthbertsoii, T. L., Musician, 501. Cuthbertsoii, W. F., Private, 527. Cutrell, S.. Private, 544. Cyrus, G. AA'., Private, 507. liaganheart, Levi, Private, 496. Dailev, A. ("., I'rivate, 514. Dailey, G. G., Private, 514. Dailey, J., Sergeant, 544. Daily, Joel J., Private, 555. Dalby, A. C, Private, 513. Dallas, Daniel B., Private, 552. Balrymple, J., Private, 658. Dameron, J. S. R., Private, 510. Dancey, James R., Sergeant, 540. Daniel, G. F., Lieutenant, 494. Daniel, G. T., Private, 533. Daniel, H., Private, 498. Daniel. H. O., Private, 534. Daniel's, C, Sergeant, 544. Danford, A.. Private, 491. Danner, J. W., Private, 657. Darden, J. H., Ass't Surgeon, 548. Darden, J. P., Private, 485. Darden, J. AV., 2d Lieutenant, 548. Darr, A. AV.. Private, 526. Daugherty, Wm., Private, 565, Daughtry, Allen, Private, 568. Daughtry, Harrison R., Private, 520. Davenport, J. R., Sergeant, 543. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 691 Daves, W. C, Private. 539. Davidson, G. W., Corporal, 513. Davidson, Theo. H., Private, 488. Davis, A., Private. 530. Davis, A. T.. Private, 505. Davis, Chas. F., Private, 566. Davis, Elkanah, I'rivate, 558. Davis, George, Private, 659. Davis, G. AV., Private. 485. Davis, G. VA'., Private. 5-13. Davis, H. H..' Private. 564. Davis, James, Private. 565. Davis, James, Private. 523. Davis, Johnson. Private, 560. Davis, J. C. 1st Sergeant, 525. Davis, J. H., I'rivate, 499. Davis, J. E., Private, 507. Davis, J. J., Private, 565. Davis, J. L.. Private, 513. Davis, James M., Private, 555. Davis, J. T.. Private. 530. Davis, L. D., 2d Sergeant. 533. Davis, Martin, Private. 504. Davis, Raleigh, Private. 495. Davis, Simpson. Private. 492. Davis, Sam. C, Musician. 488. Davis. Stephen. Pr^-ate. 505. Davis. S. B., Private, 550. Davis. S. D.. Hosp. Steward, 543. Davis. S. J., 3d Lieutenant, 520. Davis, S. M., Private, 515. Davis, Thos. E.. Private. 497. Davis, T. H.. 2d Lieutenant, 548. Davis. W. E.. rrivate, 507. Davis, W. G.. Corporal, 487. Davis, AV. L.. Prirate. 534. Davis, AA'm. T., Private. 560. Davis, William, Private, 659. Davoust. R. R.. Private, 568. Daws, S. O., Private. 522. Daws, Wm., Private, 522. Dawson, F. H., Musician, 511. Day, R. J., 2d Lieutenant. 484. Davvault, A.. Jr., Private. 550. DeBruhl, E. F.. Corporal. 660. Deal. A. .T.. Corporal, 553. Deal. Cr.l/Mi .1.. 2,1 Pergeanl, 557. Deal. G. H., Private, 508. Deal, J. A., Ord. Sergeant, 506. Deal, M. JL, 1st Sergeant, 553. r-'-ni, AV. E., Private. 517. Dean, George W., Private, 554. Dean, Josiah, Private, 505. Dean, Moore, Private. 499. Deans, Robert D-, Private, 659. DeArmond. J. A., Private, 566. Deatheridge. W. A., Private. 543. Deaton, Andrew, Private, 500. Deaton, Burton. Private, 497. Deaton, J. A., Private, 563. Deaton, J. B.. Private, 545. DeBerrv, E. J., Hosp. Steward, 535. Debnam, Chas., Corporal, 535. Debnam, C. F., Private, 535. DeBose. Anthony, Private, 487. Dees, John, Private, 499, 570. Dees, John, Private. 524. Dees, William. Private, 491. Deitz, W. P., Private, 563. Delancey, Thos., Private, 551. DeLanev, Wm., Private. 526. Dellinger, Daniel C, Private, 521. Dellinger, Jacob, Private, 555. Dellinger, James, Private, 496. Dellinger, J. F., Private, 510. Deloateh, A. R., Private, 660. Demarcus, AA'. A., Private, 535. Dement, AV., Private, 510. Dempsey, AVm., Private, 501. Denney, A. M., Private, 563. Denney, B. J., Private, 563. Denney, Wash., Private, 504. Dennis, Reuben. Private, 527. Denson. W. T., Private, 551. > Denton, Ed. C, Private, 560. Denton, Laban T., Private, 560. Denton, W. F., Private, 550. DeRosset, M. J., Surgeon, 559. Deshong, N. P., rrivate, 513. Devane, Duncan J., Major, 503. Devereux, Thos. P., Private, 498. Dew. Jas., Private, 535. Dew, Moses D., Sergeant, 498. Dew, AV. L., Sergeant, 498. Dickey, E. M., Private, 512. Dickev, J. H., Captain. 511, 514. Dickey, Z.. Private, 492. Dickens, Jesse. Private, 659. Dickerson, J. R.. Private, 531. Dickerson, AA'., Private, 535. Dickinson, S. L., Private, 571. Dickson, John P., 1st Sergeant, 523. Dickson, P., Private, 540. Dickson, S. A., Musician, 523. Dickson, AV. H., Private. 542. Dillard, Ed., Private, 522. Dillard, Jas. H., Sergeant, 522. Dillard, Levi, Private, 522. Dillingham, John F., Private, 562. Disruukes, AA'. AA'., Private. 533. Dixon, James. Private, 512. Dixon, John I\. Private. 490. Dixon, S. L., Private, 493. Dobbins, M. H., Private. 568. Dobbs, John J., Sergeant, 499. Dobson, E. J., Captain, 548. Dock, David. Musician. ;>14. Dodd, G. H., Private. 500. Dodson, Silas C, Private, 523. Donald, J., Private, 553. Dorsey, A., Private, 507. Douglas, James H., Private, 505. Douglass, Joseph A., Private, 555. Douglass, AA'. G., Private, 499. Douthit. T. B., Private. 504. Dowd, Jno. AA'.. Private, 532. Downing, Jos., Private. 533. Downing, Thadeus, Private, 568. Downs, Franklin G, Private, 556. Downs, T. J., Private, 496. Drake, J. ('., Sergeant, 506. Drake, AV. F., Private, 507. Drake, W. R., Private, 562. Draughn, Isaa'c, Private, 540. Drayford, Alex., C. Sergeant, 560. Diew, B. AV., Private, 487. Drew, Solomon, Private, 498. Drew, AV. H., Private, 496. Drewet, AV. H., rrivate, 496. Drum, Cyrus, Private, 557. Drum, Philip, Private, 565. Drum, Rufus, Private, 565. Drum, Thomas, Private, 565. Duckworth, John AA'., Private, 552. Dudley, H. A., Private, 565. Duff. J. T.. Private, 492. Duffy, C Jr., Surgeon, 559. Duke, G. M., Corporal, 507. Duke, H., Private, 510. Duke, J., Private, 498. Duke, J., Private, 507. Duke, S. G., Private, 507. 692 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Dulin, Wm., Private, 528. Dull, E. C, Musician, 543. Dumas, H. C, Sergeant, 532. Dumas, John C, 2d Corporal, 490. Duncan, B. M., Private, 509. Duncan, David, Private, 510. Duncan, W. W., Private, 502. Dunevant, J. H., Private, 513. Dunevant, W. W., Private, 513. Dungan, T. H., Sergeant, 495. Dunham, Jonathan, Private, 540. Dunlap, John J., Private, 490. Dunlap, Seth, Private, 568. Dunn, Joseph F., Private, 524. Dunn, John, Private, 528. Dunn, J. E., Sergeant, 516. Dunn, J. R., Private, 499. Dunn, J. R., Corporal, 564. Dunn, Mitchell, Private, 534. Dunn, Wiley, Musician, 660. Dunnavant, Andrew, Private, 500. Dunnavant, L. H., Private, 566. Durham, Robert A., Private, 555. Durham, C, Private, 507. Durham, F. R., Corporal, 542. Durham, J. S., Sergeant, 542. Durham, Plato, Captain, 503, 508. Durham, R., Private, 544. Durham, W. P., Private, 542. Duvall, M., Private, 531. Duycus, Anselm N., Private, 555. D wiggins, James P., Private, 572. Dwire, Daniel, 4th Corporal, 550. Dye, J. P., Private, 546. Eades, Joel, Private, 509. Eagle, J. E., Private, 501. Eagles, T. R., Sergeant, 492. Eaker, Peter, Private, 553. Eakes, J. S., Private, 506. Earls, J. H., Private, 564. Earls, Jacob T\, Private, 555. Earnheart, P. C, Private, 508. Eason, A., Corporal, 531. Eason, T. L., Private, 545. Easter, H., Corporal, 526. Eastman, Edwin, Private, 527. Eatmond, T. J., Chaplain, 538. Eaton, Riley, Private, 501. Eaves, John P., Private, 552. Eccles, F. M., 1st Sergeant, 514. Echenwalder, A., Private, 501. Eckard, Simon, 2d Sergeant, 525. Eddings, J. R., Private, 533. Edens, James T., Private, 487. Edmonds, John H., Private, 495. Edmondson, W. J., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Edmundson, James T. Musician, 486. Edney, John B., 2d Lieutenant, 559. Edney, Thos. A., Private, 561. Edwards, E. B., Private, 492. Edwards, F. M., Private, 532. Edwards, H. A., Sergeant, 542. Edwards, J. F., Private, 498. Edwards, J. C, Private, 499. Edwards, J. G., Captain and A. C S., 537. Edwards, J. H., Private, 500. Edwards, Jonas W., Private, 498. Edwards, J. T., Private, 546. Edwards, Q., Private, 531. Edwards, R. J., Private, 496. Edwards, S. W., Private, 498. Edwards, S. P., Private, 489. Edwards, T. W., Private, 489. Edwards, W. B., Private, 523. Edwards, W. D., Corporal, 660. Egerton, James, Private, 510. Egerton, Jos. J., Ord. Sergeant, 497. Elberson, J. H., Private, 495. Eller, J., Private, 510. Eller, J. F., Captain, 494. Ellington, G., Private, 532. Elliott, Jas. S., Corporal, 558. Elliott, H. E., Private, 530. Elliott, S. H., 1st Lieutenant, 559. Elliott, Sam'l T., Private, 535. Elliott, Wm., Corporal, 526. Elliott, W. A., Corporal, 515. Elliott, W. G., Private, 526. Elliott, William H., Private, 555. Ellis, A. J., 2d Lieutenant, 529. Ellis, B., Private, 660. Ellis, Jas., Corporal, 492. Ellis, J. R., Private, 527. Ellis, L., Private, 532. Ellis, Samuel J., 3d Corporal, 557. Ellis, Thos. G., Private, 521. Ellis, W. H., 4th Sergeant, 533. Ellison, J. W., Private, 560. Ellison, John, 2d Sergeant, 552. Elmore, John, Private, titiO. Elwood, William H., 4th Sergeant, 490. Embler, D., Corporal, 526. Emery, J., Private, 545. Emory, Aaron, Private, 533. Engelhard, Jos. A., Major and A. A. G., 537. England, T. P., Private, 562. England, AA'm., Corporal, 516. Enloe, Thomas J., Private, 561. Ennett, Wm. T., Major, 484. Ennis, W. C, Private, 518. Eppes, J. A., Private, 506. Ernul, McG., 1st Lieutenant, 519. Erson, E., Lieut.-Colonel, 529. Ervin, J. C, Private, 562. Erwin, A. R., Private, 549. Erwin, C. A., Private, 508. Erwin, J. F., Lieutenant, 494. Eskridge, G. M., Private, 507. Essie, Theof, Private, 504. Estes, W. St., Private, 533. Etheridge, Edwin, Private, 527. Etheridge, H., Private, 534. Etheridge, J. D., Private, 498. Eubanks, A., Private, 497. Eubanks, T. C, 2d Sergeant, 526. Eubanks, AVilliam, Corporal, 569. Eubanks, W. G., Corporal, 497. Eudy, J., Private, 543. Eudy, W. H., Private, 505. Eudy, W. M., Sergeant, 517. Euliss, E. S., Captain, 519. Euliss, Wm. H., Private, 522. Eure, J. E., Private, 544. Evans, G. H., Courier, 524. Evans, Jas. W., Private, 557. Evans, Jno., Private, 533. Evans, Jno., Private, 531. Evans, L. H., Private, 571. Evans, Thos., Private, 659. Evans, T. C, Captain, 547. Evans, William, Private, 563. Evans, Wm., Corporal, 493. Evans, AA'm. H., Private, 557. Evans, W. J., Private, 500. Eve, A. E., Ass't Surgeon, 659. Everett, John, Private, 568. Everett. J. D., Private, 498. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 693 Everett, R. M., Private, 565. Everhart, M., Private, 564. Ezzell, J. A., Sergeant, 564. Faircloth, W., Private, 509. Faircloth, W. T., Captain and A. Q. M., 483. Faison, P. F., Colonel, 559. Faison, T. M., Private, 509. Faison, Wm. E., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Fallant, D., Private, 568. Falls, George L., Musician, 527. Farley, Augustus, Private, 568. Farley, W. T., 2d Sergeant, 550. Farmer, Jas., Private, 572. Farr, J., Private, 489. Farmer, W. H., Musician, 660. Farrar, J. B., Musician, 562. Farrell, G. W., Private, 497. Farrell, John, Capt. and A. Q. M., 559. Farris, Arch., Private, 504. Farris, Joseph, Private, 515. Farris, J. T., Private, 564. Farrow, W. T., Sergeant, 544. Faucette, J., Corporal, 566. Faucett, Jas. A., Private, 557. Faucett, Jas. N., Private, 523. Faucette, R. G., 1st Sergeant, 550. Faucett, R. H., Captain, 529. Faucett, William, Private, 510. Faucett, AA'm. A., Private, 523. Faulk, Jones, Private, 505. Faulkner, Jno., Private, 498. Faust, John, Private, 512. Featherston, M. M., Private, 497 Featherstone, T. W., 4th Serg't, 550. Felton, Eli, Private, 492. Fender, John, Private, 553. Ferguson, Franklin C, Musician, 551. Ferguson, F., Private, 525. Ferguson, J. T., Private, 549. Ferguson, J. T., Sergeant. 531. Ferrell, J. B., Private, 498. Ferr»U, S. B., Private, 492. Ferrell, W. H., Private, 516. Fesperman, H. D., Private, 531. Fetter, Wm. SI., 2d Lieutenant, 537. Fetzer, Jno. W., 1st Sergeant, 535. Fields, L. H., Private, 523. File, J., Sergeant, 544. Fincannon, Isaac, Private, 561. Fincannou. J. D., Private, 561. Finch, J. C, Private, 566. Fincher, H. H., Private, 545. Finger, Monroe, Private, 496. Finger, William L., Sergeant, 509. Fink, H. H., Private, 508. Fink, J., Private, 544. Finley, A. L., 1st Sergeant, 553. Finley, G. C, Private, 553. Finley, G. P., Private, 553. Finley, N., Private, 562. Fipp, James W., Private, 561. Fisher, Cephas, Private, 509. Fisher, Elwood, Private. 504. Fisher, J. H., Private, 510. Fisher, R. H., Private, 510. Fisher, Willis C, Sergeant, 522. Fisher, W. L., 4th Sergeant, 527. Fitch, G. S., Sergeant. 513. Fitch, John., Private, 513. Fitchet, M. L.. Private, 562. Fitts, F. M., Serg't-Slajor, 491. Fitts, G. H.. Sergeant. 532. Fitzgerald, R. T., 1st Corporal, 549. Flack, S., Private, 516. Flake, E. W., Private, 532. Flake, F. E., Private, 499. Flake, Robert J., Private, 486, 570. Flanner, Bennett Jr., 2d Lieut., 569. Flanner, Charles, Ord. Serg't, 539. Flanner, Henry G., Captain, 569. Fleming, E. L., Private, 510. Flemming, E. P., 1st Corporal, 533. Fleming, J. AV., Private, 510. Fleming, Robt., Corporal, 524. Fleming, AV. B., 2d Lieutenant, 503. Flemming, W. W., Lieut. Act. Adj't, 511, 514. Fletcher, C, Private, 508. Fletcher, Fleming C, Private, 570. Flinn, Miles W., Private, 556. Flow, J. C, Sergeant, 546. Flowers, G. W., Lieut.-Colonel, 548. Flowers, J. W., Stanly's Battery, 567. Flowers, Thomas, Private, 486. Flowers, Thos. C, Private, 557. Floyd, A. E., Sergeant, 539. Floyd, Levi, Private, 527. Flynt, R. B., Private, 545. Fogleman, E. M., Private, 502. Fogleman, H. C, Private, 502. Folger, R. S., 1st Lt. and Adj't, 537. Forbes, A., Private, 524. Forbes, A., Musician, 660. Forbes, Arthur, Sergeant, 492. Forbes, Jas., Private, 492. Forbis,' J. B., Private, 501. Forbis, Richard C, Private, 521. Foreum, J. B., Captain, 484. Ford, A. J., Sergeant, 485. Ford, A. T., Private, 565. Ford, Gaston, Private, 535. Ford, J. H., Private, 565. Ford, L. D. H., Private, 513. Ford, L. H., Private, 541. Ford, Wyatt, Private, 659. Forrest, J. D., 2d Sergeant, 536. Forrest, James, Div. Teamster, 495. Forrester, Slartin C, Private, 555. Forsythe, John, Private, 524. Fort, John W., Private, 486. Fortenburg, Robert A., Private, 555. Fortune, Rich. L., Sergeant, 561. Fester, H., Private, 550. Foster, H. C, 2d Sergeant, 550. Foster, F. L., Private, 545. Foster, J. M., Private, 536. Foster, T. M., Sergeant, 541 Fount, W. C, Private, 563. Fcushee, E. T., 3d Sergeant, 533. Foushee, Jas., Private, 526. Foushee; Joseph, Private, 491. Foust, G. SI., Corporal. 534. Foust, J., Private, 554. Fouts, I. G., Private, 505. Fowler, John, Private, 513. Fowler, J. W., Private, 563. Fowler, T. H., Private. 511. Fowler, AV., Private, 530. Fowler, W. F., Private, 553. Fowler, W. R., Private, 534. Fox, Andrew SI., Private, 556. Fox, A. M., Private, 532. Fox, R. P.. Private, 493. Fox, W., Private, 546. Foxhall, E. D., Captain. 519. Frada, A. J., Private, 541. Fraley, W. C, Ord. Sergeant, 489. Francis, Aeains, Q. St. Sergeant, 551. Francis, James P., Private, 556. Francis, M., Private, 514. Francis, T. A., Private, 564. 694 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Francist Uriah, Private, 514. Francis, W. R., Private, 514. Frank, John A., Private, 514. Frasier, J. C. R., Musician, 501. Frasier, J. L., Slusician, 501. Frazer, I. T., Slusician, 549. Frazer, R. J., Slusician, 5*±9. Frazer, W. F., Slusician, 549. Frazier, E. R., Private, 510. Frazier, Isaac A., Slusician, 549. Frazier, L. H., Private, 492. Frazier, Jas. N., Slusician, 549. Frederick, C. C, 4th Corporal, 557. Frederick, James R., Private, 487. Freedle, William E., Private, 491. Freeland, J. F., Captain, 529. Freeman, B. F., Corporal, 534. Freeman, H. C, Private, 543. Freeman, J. H., 2d. Lieutenant, 520. Freeman, John T., Private, 561. Freeman, SI. H., Private, 540. Freeman, Nicholas, Slusician, 501. Freeman, Robert A., Private, 561. Freeman, Spencer SI., Private, 561. Freeman, AV. A., 3d Sergeant, 549. Freeze, Isaac, Private,, 508. Freidheim, T. N., Corporal, 489. Frenslev, J. L., Captain and Qr. Sir. Brigade, 494. Friday, J. C, Private, 536. Friday, AA'. J., Private, 536. Friddle, T. A., Private, 507. Fripp, Clarence A., Ass't Surgeon, 559. Fry, D. A., Private. 543. Fry, N. David, Private, 561. Fulbrigbt, G., Private, 514. Fulbright, George, Corporal, 555. Fulford, J. T., Lieutenant, 484. Fulghum, Garry, 1st Lieutenant, 484. Fulghum, George AA'., Private, 486. Fulghum, Raiford, Private, 486. Fuller, A. E., Private, 510. Fuller, E. A., Sergeant, 510. Fuller, AA'. L.. Private, 504. Fulton, Fewell, Sergeant. 515. Fulton, H. P., Private, 515. Fulp, E., Private. 515. Fulp, M. H., 2d Lieutenant, 520. Funderhurk, S. S., Private, 520. Furches, I.. A.. Private, 517. Furehes, AA". P., Sergeant, 660. Furgerson, L.. Private, 525. Furgerson, S. S-, Private, 546. Furr, A., Private, 543. Futrell, T. A.. 2d Sergeant. 525. Gaddev, R. A.. Private, 502. Gaddy', J. N., Private. 545. Gaddv, J. T.. Sergeant, 532. Gaddy, Joseph T.. Private. 490. Gaines, Jas L Lient-Colnnel 567. 657. Gaither, AA'. G.. Private, 489. Gaither, AA'. A\", Surgeon. 537. Gallawav. A. H . Major and Q. SI.. 547, 572. Gallawav, A. B.. Q. SI. Sergeant, 553. Gallant, J. A.. 4th Sergeant. 549. Gallant, AV. L., Private, 549. Gallop, AA'illiam. Private, 565. Galton, H.. Private. 550. Galloway, lt. H., Private, 508. Galloway. T. S. Jr., Colonel, 547. Gamble, Andrew J., 2d Sergeant, 490. Gamble, A. J., Private, 565. Gammons, G. R., Private, 498. Gant, Evan, Private, 496. Gant, John, Private, 517. Gant, J. SI., Private, 515. Gantt, A. G., 4th Sergeant, 527. Gantt, John C, Private, 555. Gardin, G. H., Captain, 548. Gardner, D. W., Private, 498. Gardner, H. B., Sergeant, 660. Gardner, R. W., Private, 566. Gardner, AV. H.; Private, 496. Garner, J. H., Private, 496. Garner, J. AV., Private, 496. Garner, Sloses, 3d Sergeant, 533. Garner, AA'm., Private, 523. Garner, W. A., Private, 496. Garrett, A., Private, 550. Garrett, AV. E., 1st Corporal, 550. Garris, John T., Private, 528. Gaston, R. AA'., Private, 541. Gates, A. L., Private, 540. Gates, E., Private, 566. Gatlin, Geo., Private, 659. Gatlin, Jno., Capt. and A. Q. St., 529. Gatling. Riddick, Captain, 538. Gay, Alex., Private, 597. Gay, G. W., Corporal, 493. Gay, Jas., Sergeant, 488. Gay, Jas. F., Private, 557. Gay, James AA'., Sergeant, 520. Gay, James K.. Private, 555. Gav. Lawrence, Private, 498. Gav, S. H., 4th Corporal, 550. Gentle, R. D., Private, 514. Gentry, J. SI.. Private, 562. George, Joseph, Private, 495. George, Wm., Private. 572. Gerringer, J. S., I'rivate, 515. Gervis, George St., Private, 495. Gettys, C. Joseph, Private, 555, Gibbons, A. J., I'rivate, 564. Gibbons, A. S.. Private, 513. Gibbs. R. C. Private, 544. Gibson, H. C, Private, 514. Gibson, J. C, Private. SOS. Gibson, J. H., Private. 515. Giddens, H. B., Private. 508. Gilbert, P. V.. Private, 525. Gilbert, S. H., 2d Lieutenant, 511, Giles, John B.. Private, 552. Giles, S. G.. Private, 562. Gillespie, E. R., Private, 535. Gillespie, J. N., I'rivate, 549. Gillespie. Slat.. Private. 561. Gillespie. Thos. P., Slusician, 488. Gill, Ingram A.. Private, 557. Gilliam, J. D.. 1st Sergeant. 532. Gilliland, J. P.. Private. 507. Gillon. SI. SI., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Gilmore, A.. Corporal, 526. Gilmore, J.. Private, 531. Gilreath. J. R., Private, 536. Givens. George A., Private, 526. Glass, Jno.. I'rivate. 516. Glassgow, L. A., I'rivate. 508. Glenn. J. D.. Private, 550. Glidewell. J. P., Private, 502. Glissen, AVilliam. I'rivate, 557. Gobble, II.. Private. 516. Goble, Jacob. Private, 565. Goens. Henry. Private. 552. Goins, A. J.. Corporal. 535. Goins, E.. Private, 493. Gold, P. G., Corporal, 542. Gooch, Paul. Private, 524. Goode, R. H., Ass't Surgeon, 559. Goode, AA'. Thomas, 1st Sergeant, 552. Goodman, George C, Private. 570. Goodman, G. C. Private, 508. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 695 Goodman, J. F., Private, 517. Goodman, J. M., Private, 508. Goodman, Jno. T., Slusician, 488. Goodwin, J. J., Private, 492. Goodwin, Joseph St., Private, 521. Gordon, A., Private, 534. Gordon, A. A., 2d Sergeant, 553. Gordon, A. J., Private, 566. Gordon, F. P., Private, 506. Gordon, J. W., Corporal, 540. Gordon, J. H., Private, 506. Gordon, L. D., Private! 495. Gordon, R. SI., Private, 496. Gordon, W. H., Private, 550. Gorman, James A., Sergeant, 568. Goss, Lewis C, Private, 491. Grabb, L. E., Private, 542. Graddy, E. G., Private, 545. Grady, David T., Private, 558. Grady, R. M., Private, 497. Grady, L. J., Private, 497. Graham, A., Private, 514. Graham, Alexander C., 1st Corp'l, 558. Graham, D. L. SI., Ass't Surgeon, 538. Graham, Jas. A., Captain, 519. Graham, Jos. C, Private, 564. Graham, J. SI., Private, 544. Graham, N. A., Adjutant, 484. Graham, Neill, ' Private, 558. Graham, Robt. D., Captain, 559. Grant, B. L., Private, 487. Grant, Henry, Private, 523. Grant, Jesse, Private, 523. Grantham, David J., Private, 522. Graves, G. F., Private, 550. Graves, J. H., Private, 543. Graves, AV. W., Q. SI. Sergeant, 565. Gray, Colin, Private, 408. Gray, David Z., Private, 555. Gray, J. It., Corporal, 523. Gray, J. AA'., Private, 545. Gray, Terrell, Private, 485. Gray, Wm. T., Sergeant, 498. Green, A. W., Lieut, and A. A. and I. G., 494. Green, B. T., Surgeon, 520. Green, D., Private, 539. Green, D. J., Private, 499. Green, D. O., I'rivate, 542. Green, Daniel A\'., Private, 552. Green, H. G., Corporal, 502. Green, Jacob P., Corporal, 527. Green, J. L., Private, 542, 571. Green, J. St. S., Private, 542. Green, J. SI., Sergeant, 542. ¦Green, Joseph, Private, 568. Green, Josiah, Private, 534. Green, R. H., Private, 542. Green, Thos., Private, 562. Green, T. F., 2d Lieutenant, 538. Green, AValker, Courier, 523. Greene, Jas. SI., Private, 487. Gieene, R. S., Sergeant, Flanner's Bat tery, 569. Greeson, Wm., Private, 501. Gregg, B., Private, 568. Gregory, John, Private, 527. Gresham, John W., Private, 557. Gresham, Willis T., 5th Sergeant, 556. Grier, C. E., Adjutant, 547. Grier, John, Private, 565. Griffin, Ben. W.. Private, 522. Griffin, H. G., Private, 507. Griffin, J. A., Private, 526. Griffin, J. E., 2d Lieutenant, 538. Griffin, Jno. J., Private. 526. Griffin, Jno. S., Corporal, 502. Griffin, Joseph, Private, 570. Griffin, Lorraine W., 4th Serg't, 552. Griffin, SI. S., Private, 493. Griffin, P. C, Private, 545. Griffin, AV. T., Private, 497. Griffin, AV. T., Private, 545. Griffin, J. H., Private, 497. Grimes, A. SI., Corporal, 544. Grimes, D. L., Private, 487. jirimes, Bryan, Slajor-General, 483-, Grimes, Reuben, Private, 527. Grimes, W. L., Private, 526. Grimmer, R. R., Private, 523. Grimsley, Thos., Private, 531. Grinstead L. L.. Private Co. Grissom, R. D., Private, 657. Grissom, AA'. M., Private, 553. Grizzard, AA". H., Private, 496. Groce, J. H., Sergeant, 562. Groner, J. L., Private, 508. Gross, P. H., 2d Lieutenant, 559. Grover, A. C, Private, 494. Grubbs, J. P., Private, 517. Gualt, A., Private, 531. Gudger, R. A'., 1st Sergeant, 567. Cudger, AV. SI., 2d. Lieutenant, 484. Guerrant, H. L., Captain, 547. Guerrant, J. W. S., 4th Sergeant, 551. Guffee, C. A., 2d Lieutenant, 484. Guffey, S. SI., Hosp. Steward, 488. Guffy, E. P., Private, 564. Guilford, F. B., Private, 489. Guilford, J. AV., Private, 505. Guilford, Joseph St.! Private, 570. Gulledge, Benj. F., Sergeant, 499. Gulledge, Elijah, Private, 499. Gulledge, H. SI., Private, 532. Guilv, Jacob, I'rivate, 560. Gunter, D. C. 2d Lieutenant, 511. Gunter, J. H., Slusician, 562. Gurganus, AA'. H., I'rivate, 528. Hackett, L. AA'., Private, 486. Hackney, Jesse E., Private, 521. Hadley, J. SI., Ass't Surgeon, 484. Hafner, Geo. W., Teamster, 571. Hagler, Paul, Private, 527. Hair, A. SI., Private, 544. Hale, E. J. Jr., Captain and A. A. G.. 537. Haley, AA'm., Private, 515. Hall, Benjamin F., 1st Sergeant, 497. Hall, Constant. Private. 56s. Hall, Dewitt C, Private, 55'i. Hall, H. A., Private. 540. Hall, John, I'rivate, 556. Hall, J. P., Private, 531. Hall. J. T., Private, 477. Hall, L. J., 1st Sergeant, 525. Hall, R. H., Private, 540. Hall, H., Hosp. Steward, 504. Hall, AV. G, Private. 491. Hall, William S.. Private, 491. Haller, A. A., Private, 660. Hallet, E., Private, 546. Hallman, E., I'rivate, 517. Hallman, L., Private, 517. Hallman, Robt., Private, 517. Halso. J. G.. Private, 407. Halton, R. J.. Private, 542. Hambrick, E., Private, 507. Hambrick, J., Private, 542. Hambrick, J. F., Private, 503. Hambrick, J. SI., rrivate. 507. Hambright, Alfred F., Hospital Stew ard, 551. 696 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Hamilton, Wm. C, Private, 561. Hamilton, W. G., Private, 572. Hamin, R., Private, 500. Hamlett, J. F., Private, 550. Hammond, G. W., Lieut.-Colonel, 519. Hammond, Hampton B., Private, 490, 570. Hampton, Alex., Private, 515. Hamrick, Amos, Private, 555. Hamrick, David, Private, 528. Hamrick, Doctor N., 1st Serg't, 555. Hamrick, Thos., Private, 528. Hancock, A., Private, 535. Hancock, J. T., Private, 659. Hancock, J. W.,. Private, 524. Hancock, R. D., 1st Lieutenant, 484. Hand, P. H., Sergeant, 659. Hanes, Wm. P., Private, 526. Hanner, R. M., Private, 500. Hanshey, J. W . Sergeant, 492 Happers, L., Private, 495. Happers, W. H., Teamster, 495. Haralson, W. C, Corporal, 513. Harden, Thos, I'rivate, 564. Hardey, W. L., Private, 508. Hardgrove, F. St., Sergeant, 536. Hardin, J. H., Private, 523. Harding, Jas., 4th Sergeanl, 533. Hardison, W. H., Serg't-Slajor, 495. Hardy, Jesse, Private4 523. Harget, James C, Private, 526. Harget, Henry P., Private, 527. Hargrove, Willis W., Q. M. Serg't, 554. Hargrove, W. W., 5th Sergeant, 530. Harill, Abram, Private, 509. Harkey, D. E., Private, 564. Harkey, J. I , Corporal, 564. Harkey, M. L., Private, 499. Harman, C. D Private, 545. Harmon, John J., Private, 490. Harmon, P. B., Private, 507. Harold, Furney, Private, 486. Harper, Cornelius, 2d Lieutenant, 519. Harper, F. S., Private, 533. Harper, J. C, 1st Lieutenant. 503. Harper, Joseph R., I'rivate, 490. Harrell, Richard, Private, 568. Harrell, R. E., Private, 528. Harrell, Samuel, Private, 552. Harrell, W., Private, 543. Harrell, Walston, Private, 492. Harrell, Warren, Private, 543. Harrell, Wilev, Private, 498. Harrell, AV. H., Private, 500. Harrell, AA'm. SI., Private, 528. Harrellson, P.. SI., I'rivate, 508. Harrelson, Slarshall M., I'rivate, 569. Harrill, D. B., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Harrill, James A., I'rivate, 555. Harrill, John H., Private, 555. Harrill, Nathan S., Private, 555. Harris, Adolphus, rrivate, 553. Harris, Burell B., Private, 556. Harris, B. F., Private, 496. Harris, F., 1st Corporal, 524. Harris, G. AA'., Private, 500. Harris, Henry, Private, 492. Harris, H. AV.. Captain, 559. Harris, Jno., Private, 533. Harris, J. St., Corporal, 496. Harris, J. N., Private, 506. Harris, J. N., Private, 491. Harris, Jno. S., Private, 533. Harris, Si., Private, 530. Harris, Neal, Private, 500. Harris, R., Private, 533. Harris, Richard, Captain, 503. Harris, Richard, Private, 523. Harris, T. J. L., Corporal, 496. Harris, T., Private, 507. Harris, T. P., Private, 492. Harris, Wiley, Private, 514. Harriss, Slajor D., Private, 489. Harriss, Edwin T., Private, 490. Harriss, J. P., Private, 541. Harriss, R. H., Private 544. Harrison, H. St., 4th Corporal, 551. Harrison! w- H-. Private, 569. Harrison, AV. H., Sergeant, 545. Harston, G. H., Private, 532. Hart, J. T., 3d Lieutenant, 520. Hart, John, Private, 526. Hart, J. C, Private, 532. Hart, John F., Private, 510. Hart, J. J., Private, 496. Hart, J. W., Sergeant, 510. Hart, SVm. G, Sergeant, 521. Hart, AV. AV., Corporal, 510. Hartline, A., Private, 530. Hartline, D., Private, 530. Hartman, Daniel, Private, 568. Hartman, Jacob, Private, 505. Hartman, L. A., Sergeant, 543. Hartzog, A. C, 1st Lieutenant and En sign, 548. Harvell, Elbert, Private, 565. Harvell, John, Private, 565. Harvey, Price, Private, 515. Harvilie, T. C, 2d Corporal, 551. Hass, J. St., Private, 525. Haskell, J. T., 1st Sergeant, 536. Hasty, N., Private, 485. Hasty, S. H., Private, 502. Haswell, T. N., Private, 535. Hathaway, Jas., Private, 533. Hathaway, Jno., Private, 533 . Hathaway, R., Private, 492. Hathcoek, Uriah F., Corporal, 543. Havener, D., Private, 568. Havner, Stiehael, Private, 553. Havner, Philip, Private, 553. Hawneld, J. W., Private, 564. Hawkins, A., Private, 569. Hawkins, Charles C, Private, 552. Hawkins, James B., Private, 556. Hawkins, J. F., Slusician, 549. Hawkins, John, Private, 498. Iltiwkins, J. P., Slusician, 549. Hawkins, J. R., Private, 542. Hawkins, J. AA'., Private, 488. Hawn, E. L., Private, 506. Haws, E., Private, 509. Havden, J. P., Private, 500. Hayne, H., Private, 540. Hayne, P. H., Private, 660. Hayne, AA'. G., Private, 660. Haynes, D. A., Private, 531. Haynes, John C, Private, 555. Haynes, J. SI., Private, 551. Haynes, T. F., Private, 543. Hays, AA'm. A., Slusician, 523. Hayworth, S. S., Private, 501. Hayworth, AV. A., Private, 495. Hazell, J. C, Private, 514. Hazell, AV. H., Private, 514. Head. John AV., Private, 561. Heath, J. J. F.. Corporal, 540. Heath. J. AV., Private, 554. Heavner, Peter, Teamster, 572. Heddin, B. F., rrivate, 526. Hedgeeoek, E. T., Private, 495. Hedgpeth, A., Private, 536. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 697 Hedgepeth, A., Private, 523. Hedrick, Alfred St., 3d Sergeant, 557. Hedrick, John C, Private, 557. Hedrick, W. F., Private, 506. Hefner, F. L., Private, 546. Hefner, AV. R., Private, 546. Heffner, G., Private, 541. Heffner, S., Private, 541. Heffner. D., Private, 541. Hefiin, H. H., Slusician, 524. Heflin, J. R., Captain, 519. Hege, Amos, Private, 504. Heggie, A., 2d Corporal, 551. Heggie, S., 4th Corporal, 551. Heggie, W. J., Private, 551. Height, R., Sergeant, 657. Heileg, John, Private, 554. Helan, AV. O., Private, 553. Helms, A. C, Private, 545. Helms, A. St., Private, 492. Helms, Calvin, Private, 521. Helms, C. L., Private, 545. Helms, M., Private, 502. Helms, Salathiel, Private, 526. Helms, W. M., Private, 497. Helnistitle, Hamilton, Private, 556. Helsabeck, E. J., Private, 514. Henagan, J. E., Corporal, 564. Henderson, E., Private, 571. Henderson, J. SI., Private, 551. Henderson, J. W., Private, 565. Henderson, W. J., Private, 565. H'-ndren, A. N., 1st Sergeant, 559. Hendrick, J., Private, 526. Hendricks, J. F., Private, 546. Hendricks, John H., Private, 556. Hendrix, Lee, Private, 504. Henkel, D. S., Chaplain, 537. Henkle, C, Private, 517. Henley, Green, Private, 536. Henley, J., Private, 562. Henley, J. T., Private, 532. Henline, J. H., Private, 516 . Hennesy, R. J„ 3d Sergeant, 530. Hensley, A., Private, 512. Henrick, Henry, Private, 561. Henrick, H., Private, 561. Henrv, E. F., Private, 499. Henry, J. SI., Private, 499. Henry, John,' Private, 659. Henshaw, W. T., Private, 504. Hensley, H. T., Private, 549. Hensley, S. R., Adjutant, 547. Henson, A., Private, 502. Henson, Wm. T., Private, 562. Heritage, A. D., Private, 560. Herman, J. L., Private, 506. Hermon, D. St., Corporal, 541. Hermon, J. S., Private, 541. Hermon, P. J., Sergeant, 541. Herndon, Benj., Private, 505. Herndon, E., Private, 513. Herndon, E. N.. Slaj. and Q. St., 537. Herndon, SI. C., Private, 512. Herndon, J. M., Priva^, 566. Herring, Calvin C, Major, 519. Herring, Henry, Private, 512. Herrold, Wm., Private, 514. Herron, G. T., Private, 530. Hesse. M. A., Sergeant, 513. Hester, Robert, Private, 510. Hester, W. H., Sergeant, 515. Hevener, Geo. W., Private, 517. Heye, L. G., Private, 569. Heyer, Charles, Slusician, 488. Hicks, Daniel T., Private, 489. cks, Frank, Private, 515. cks, John, Private, 525. cks, John, Privatet 500. cks, John, Private, 542. cks, Robert J., Surgeon, 503. cks, R. J., Private, 528. cks, AA'. D., Corporal, 512. gginbotham, N. W., Private, 571. Kb, H., Private, 535. ghsmith, L. W., 4th Sergeant, 525. ldebrand, D. A., Corporal, 512. 11, A. A., Lieutenant-Colonel, 520. 11, H. D., Private, 496. 11, J. L., Private, 542. 11, J. P., Private, 487. 11, J. R., Private, 487. 11, Slarcus, Private, 498. 11, M. T., Private, 546. 11, Sion, Private, 525. 11, T. C, Q. M. Sergeant, 549. 11, Wm., Private, 526. 11, W. D., Private, 535. 11, AV. H., Sergeant, 535. 11, AV. R., Private, 507. lliard, A., 2d Corporal, 533. lliard, J., Sergeant, 506. nes, A. A., 1st Lieutenant, 549. nes, Benjamin, Private, 485. nes, Benj., Hosp. Steward, 531. nes, George, Corporal, 541. nes, Geo. S., Ord. Sergeant, 534. nes, Isaac W, 505. nes, J. B., Private, 541. nes, Sam'l W., Private, 557. nkle, Jno. L., Private, 568. nnant, E., Private, 660. nson, Joseph C, Private, 556. nson, J. SI., Captain, 484. nton, A., Sergeant. 534. nton, Henry C., Private, 557. nton, William J., Private, 570. nton. W. H., Private, 510. pp, John St., Private, 556. John. Private, 532. Hobbs, James C, Private, 509. Hobbs, AA'm., Private, 500. Hobgood, A., Sergeant, 510. Hobson, J. AY., Private, 504. Hobson. T. C, Private, 504. Hodge, John AA'., Private, 495. Hodges, B. F., Private, 500. Hodges, G. C, Private, 496. Hoffman, Burrell, Private, 557. Hoffman, David, Private, 557. Hoffman, John, Private, 659. Hoffman, Joseph, Private, 568. Hoge, David, Private, 555. Hoke, J. B., Private, 506. Hoke, P. C, Private, 506. Holden, Jas. P., Private, 561. Holden. Richard, Corporal, 521. Holden, Sam, Private, 526. Holder, Abram, Private, 504. Holder, H., Private, 532. Holder, J. A.. Sergeant, 540. Holder, L., Private, 553. Holdselaw, Wm., Private, 565. Holeman, James, Private, 524. Holladay, Walter, 1st Lieutenant, 503. Holland, Elisha, Private, 498. Holland, G. G., Captain, 538. Holland, Henrv, Private, 512. Holland, J. F., Slusician, 491. Holland, J. H., Private, 499. Holland, Jas. R., Q. SI. Sergeant, 564. Holland, R., Private, 530. , 698 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Holland, T. J., Sergeant, 542. Holland, AVilliam, Private, 568. Hollar, A. D., Private, 541. Hollar, David, Private, 557. Holler, Gilbert, Private, 510. Holler, J. E., Private, 510. Hollidav, H. W., Sergeant, 485. Holiingsworth, J. B., Private, 566. Holiingsworth, Jno.. Private, 561. Holloway, Kinet, Slusician, 511. Hollv, Slarcus A., Sergeant, 555. Holmes, H. B., Private, 498. Holmes! John, Ord. Sergeant, 488. Holmes, John F., Private, 488. Holmes, O. Captain, 519. Holmes, Robert Q., Private, 570. Holmes, R. J., Private, 488. Holshouser, SI. A., Private, 517. Holsombaek, AA'm., PrivateL 521. Holt, B. A., Private, 543. Holt, D. A., Private, 505. Holt, E. J., 1st Lieutenant, 659. Holt, G. AV., Private, 553. Holt, G. W., Private, 550. Holt, H., Private, 550. Holt, H. S., Private, 550. Holt, Isaac, Private, 500. Holt, J., Private, 516. Holton, H., Private, 530. Homer, J. Q., Private, 565. Honbager, John, Private, 568. Honeyeutt, J. B., Private, 505. Honeyeutt, R. D., Corporal, 535. Honeyeutt, S., Private, 541. Hood, J., Private, 516. Hood, J. H., Private, 563. Hood, J. T. C, Sergeant, 532. Hood, AV. L., Corporal, 493. Hook, J. A., Private! 563. Hooper, A. J., Private, 549. Hooper, James, Private, 659. Hooper, James P., Private, 553. Hoover; Sumpter A., Private, 570. Hoover, S. A., Private, 488. Hoover, AA'. G., Private, 568. Hoover, AA'. AA'., Private, 526. Hopkins, H., I'rivate, 498. Hopkins, Slartiu, Private. 500. Hopkins, P., Private, 536. Hopkins, P. J., I'rivate, 551. Hopkins, AV. H.. I'rivate. 495. Hopper, J. A.. Private, 542. Hopper, R. SI. S., 2d Lieutenant, 548. Horn, A., Sergeant, 501. Horn, Abel, I'rivate, 550. Horn, L. H., Private, 540. Horn, Noah. I'rivate, 526. Horn, S. E., Slusician, 511. Horn, AA'. II., Musician, 527. Hornaday. E. AI.. Ord. Sergeant. 531. Home, Jesse, I'rivate, 497. Home, Lion, Sergeant, oi'^l Home, AA'. AV.. I'rivate, 567. Homer, Thos., Private. 514. Horton, J. G., Private, 566. Horton. J. AA'., 2d Lieutenant. 519. Houffstiehler, David R., Private, 556. Houk, A. AV., Sergeant, ...12. Houk, AA'm.. Private. 512. Houp, J. A., Private, 488. House, A., Private. 517. Houser, C. E., Private, 504. Houser. Emanuel, Blacksmith, 571. Houser, AA'm.. Private. 504. Houston, A. AV., Adjutant. 519. Houston, John. Private, 512 Houston, J. F., Corporal, 541. Houston, J. M., Private, 541. Hovis, Sloses S., Private, 556. Howard, Benj. A., Sergeant, 486. Howard, B. AV., Private, 518. Howard, E. W., Private, 513. Howard, F., Private, 539. Howard, F. W., Private, 541. Howard, G. AV., Private, 542. Howard, Henry, Private, 539. Howard, John E., Musician, 551. Howard, Jos., Private, 528. Howard, J. R., Sergeant, 523. Howard, E. Lloyd, Surgeon, 520. Howard, R. G., Private, 534. Howard, AA'., Sergeant, 539. Howard, AV. J., 2d Sergeant, 530. Howell, A. J., Private, 499. Howell, Drewry D., Private, 490. Howell; J. J., 1st Corporal, 524. Howell, James SI., Private, 568. Howell, John T., 2d Sergeant, 556. Howell, P. F., 1st Sergeant, 569. Howell, AA'illiam, Private, 556. Howie, J. H., Private, 493. Howie, S. B., Private, 563. Howington, J., Corporal, 545. Hoyle, D. P., Private, 568. Hubbard, H. C, Sergeant, 505. Hubbard, J. A., Private, 515. Huckabee, A. A., Private, 5ii9. Hudgin, L., Private, 550. Hudson, A., Private, 525. Hudson, Coleman J., Private, 570. Hudson, Daniel, Corporal, 513. Hudson, J., Private, 513. Hudson, Joseph, Private, 495. Hudson, S., Private, 525. Hudson, AA'. H., Private, 510. Hudspeth, Jno. T., Private, 531. Huff, David, rrivate, 499. Huffhines, Sam'l, Private, 501. Huffman, A. F., Private, 507. Huffman, Cyrus, Private. 512. Huffman, D., Private, 485. Huffman, J. S.. Private^ 550. Huffman, J.. Private, 5il. Hiiffman, AA'illiam. Private, 552. Huffman, AV. A., Private, 510. Huffman, AV. L.. Private, 572. .Huffman. Noah. 3d Corporal, 525. Huffstetler. E. SI., Private. 541. Huggins, AV. H., Private, 509. Hughes, Francis, I'rivate, 513. Hughes. J. C, Private. 565. Hughes, Thos., I'rivate, 514. Hun, E. It., I'rivate, 514. Humber. AA'. H., Private, 524. Huuibv, Joseph, Private, 554. Humfreys, J. L., I'rivate, 530. Hummage, H. A., Private, 544. Humphries, Lawson, Private, 521. Humphries, Lew-is, Private, 556. Humphries, Perry G., Private, 521. Humphries. Jno.# Private. 521. Humphries, Sumner, Private, 521. Humphreys, S. C, Com. Sergeant, 562. Hundley, T. A., Private, 498. Hunsucker, Slarcus, rrivate, 557. Hunsueker. J. P., Private, 496. Hunt. SI. F., 1st Lieutenant, 503. Hunt. J. AV., Private. 506. Hunter, C. A., Corporal, 492. Hunter. J. SI.. Private, 563. Hunter, SI. B., Private, 530. Hunter, R. B., Private, 508. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 699 Hunter, S. W., Sergeant, 497. Hurley, A. F., 1st Lieutenant, 529. Hurst, Robt., Private, 560. Hurst, Wm. St., 1st Corporal, 557. Huss, Pinkney J., Private, 555. Hussey, Marcelius L., Corporal, 522. Hussey, T. C, Hosp. Steward, 524. Hutchings, S., Private, 512. Hutchins, J., Private, 543. Hutchins, R. H, Private, 542. Hutchins, W. F., Private, 488. Hutchison, Pleasant, Private, 572. Hutchison, Scott B., Private, 556. Hutson, John, Private, 556. Hyde, Thomas, Private, 568. Hyman, G. F., Sergeant-Stajor, 549. Hyman, Jos. H., Colonel, 547. Hyman, W. A., 1st Sergeant, 533. Icard, AV. P., Private, 563. Idol, A. St., Private, 504. Idol, J. N., 4th Sergeant, 504. Ijames, J. D., 4th Sergeant, 550. Ingle, A., Private, 501. Ingle, Albert. Sergeant, 501. Ingle, R. A\'., Private, 515. Ingold, A. SI., Private, 525. Ingold, William, Private, 570. Ingram, Benjamin G., Private, 489. Ingram, Thos., Private, 515. Ingram, AA'm. A., Private, 558. Ingram, AV. B., Private, 542. Innman, J. P., Corporal, 539. Irby, Hogan, Private, 526. Ireland, J. D., Private, 509. Isaacs, G., Private, 540. Isley, C, Private, 535. Isley. E.. Private, 523. Isley, E., Private, 5U2. Isley, Lewis, Private, 523. Isley, Startin V., Sergeant, 522. Isley, S. SI., Private, 502. Ivester, A. P., 5th Sergeant, 528. Ivey, A. Private, 569. Jackson, A. R., Private, 553. Jackson, C. H., Private, 514. Jackson, J., Private, 500. Jackson, J. A., Private, 532. Jackson, J. It.. Private, 553. Jackson, J. A\V. Private, 553. Jackson, AA'. C, Slusician, 524. Jackson, Samuel, Private, 527. Jackson, Wes., Private, 562. Jacobs, Darby, Private, 522. Jacobs, Joseph, Private, 566. Jacobs, John, Chief Slusician, 495. James, John, Private, 514. James, Slatthew, Private, 523. James, R. J., Bugler, 553. James, R., Private, 523. James, T. J., Private, 498. James, William A., Teamster, 571. James, W. C, Private. 541. James, \V. SI., 3d Sergeant, 553. Jamison, Stiles S., Private, 555. Jarman, J. R., Corporal. 532. Jarman, L., Private, 562. Jarman, W., Private, 562. Jarratt. O. SI., Private, 525. Jarratt, AA'm. A., Private, 562. Jarratt, AA'. D., Private, 500. Jarrett'e, Hosea, Private, 496. Jay, Jos. SIcD.. Private, 552. Jay, William H. SI., Private, 552. Jean, AV. P., Private, 542. Jeffreys, J. G., Private, 549. Jeffreys, Lea, Private, 549. Jeffries, C. E., Private, 524. Jenkins, Aaron, rrivate, 567. Jenkins, C, Private, 513. Jenkins, Carley, Private, 513. Jenkins, Edward, Private, 567. Jenkins, E. J., Private, 543. Jenkins, H., Private, 546. Jenkins, Henry, 1st Lieutenant, 548. Jenkins, J. A., Private, 541. Jenkins, J. H.. Private, 543. Jenkins, Newsome E., Serg't-SIaj., 489. Jenkins, Samuel, Private, 567. Jenkins, Thomas, Private, 552. Jenkins, Thos. G., 2d Lieutenant, 520. JenkinSj W. A., Sergeant, 515. Jenkins, W. A., Private, 513. Jenkins, W. T., Captain, 484. Jennings, L. R., Sergeant, 544. Jerman, E. W-, Private, 499. Jinks, H., Captain, 535. Johnson, A. H., Private, 515. Johnson, A. J., Corporal, 500. Johnson, A. St., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Johnson, A. R., Captain, 529. Johnson, C. R., Sergeant, 498. Johnson, David, Slusician, 486. Johnson, D., Private, 568. Johnson, Dugald, Private, 525. Johnson, E., Private, 525. Johnson, E. H., Private, 485. Johnson, E. St., Private, 492. Johnson, Griffin, Private, 552. Johnson, H. G, Private, 532. Johnson, H. L., Private, 531. Johnson, I. J., Lieutenant, 484. Johnson, Isaac St.. Private, 556. Johnson, Jacob, Private, 659. Johnson, Jas., Private, 532. Johnson, James, Private, 570. Johnson, Jas. D., Private, 505. Johnson, Jas. H., Sergeant, 521. Johnson, Jas. St., Sergeant, 522. Johnson, Jesse, Private, 52b. Johnson, John, Private, 539. Johnson, John, Private.' 538. Johnson, John C, Corporal, 569. Johnson, John T., Private, 556. Johnson, Joseph P., Slusician, 551. Johnson, J. N., 1st Sergeant. 533. Johnson, J. AA'., Private, 485. Johnson, J. AA'.. 1st Lieut, and Drill Slaster, 559. Johnson, Jourdan, Private, 526. Johnson, Lern., Private, 518. Johnson, SIcC, Private, 514. Johnson, SI. C, Private, 516. Johnson, SI. O., Private, 492. Johnson, Philip J., Captain, 559. Johnson, Robert, Corporal, 505. Johnson, R. F., Private, 498. Johnson, R. S., Private, 510. Johnson, Thomas A., Sergeant, 556. Johnson, Wiley, Private. 570. Johnson, AA'., Private, 487. Johnson, AA'm., Private, 504. Johnson, AVm. J.. Private, 520. Johnson, W. L., Private, 509. Johnson, W. P., Corporal, 532. Johnson, AV. R., Private, 485. Johnson, Y. SI. C, Captain, 548. Johnson, AV., Private, 659. Johnson, W., Private, 660. Johnston, D., Private, 508. Johnston, Francis M., Private, 489. Johnston, Jesse, Private, 504. Johnston, J. J., Slusician, 504. 700 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Johnston, J. H., 1st Lieutenant 529. Johnston, J. H., Sergeant, 513. Johnston, J. P., Private, 542. Johnston, Sam'l R., A. Q. M. Ser geant, 497. Johnston, W. A., Lieut.-Colonel, 484. Joiner, J. R., Private, 533. Joiner, Sydney, Private, 535. Jolly, C. D., Private, 507. Jolly, M. M., Sergeant, 542. Jones, A., Private, 512, 572. Jones, A. C, Private, 496. Jones, Andrew J., Private, 568. Jones, A. R., Private, 495. Jones, B., Private, 535. Jones, Benj., Private, 487. Jones, C. A., Q. M. Sergeant, 561. Jones, Clinton A., Private, 561. Jones, C. C, Private, 554. Jones, C. E., Private, 532. Jones, D., Private, 551. Jones, D. C, Private, 551. Jones, E. A., Private, 507. Jones, G. W., 1st Lieutenant, 519. Jones, Hawkins, Private, 528. Jones, H. M., Private, 549. Jones, Isaac M., Private, 488. Jones, J. B., Private, 503. Jones, J. J., Private, 532. Jones, J. R., Q. St. Sergeant, 562. Jones, James, Private, 532. Jones, James, Private, 523. Jones, John, Private, 560. Jones, John, Private, 499. Jones, J. A., 1st Sergeant, 551. Jones, J. A., Private, 500. Jones, J. D., Private, 566. Jones, J. H., Private, 545. Jones, J., Captain and A. A. G., 483. Jones, J. K, Private, 492. Jones, J. SI., 1st, Sergeant, 549. Jones, J. R., Private, 514. Jones, J. W., 1st Lieutenant, 529. Jones, L. A., Private, 496. Jones, L. D., Private, 566. Jones, Lemuel, Private, 490. Jones, Lewellyn, 2d Sergeant, 527. Jones, Love, Private, 552. Jones, M., Private, 508. Jones, Martial B., Private, 556. Jones, SI. L., Sergeant, 496. Jones, Matthew, Private, 523. Jones, N. G., Private, 499. Jones, O. C, Private, 503. Jones, Robert H., 2d Lieutenant, 484. Jones, Rufus, Private, 504. Jones, R. J., Private. 550. Jones, S., Private, 534. Jones, S. G., Private, 550. Jones, Samuel F., 2d Corporal, 490. Jones, T. B., 2d Sergeant. 534. Jones, T. G., Sergeant, 487. Jones, W. A., Sergeant, 485. Jones, William A.. Private, 555, Jones, Wm. B., Private, 560. Jones, W. D., Private, 498. Jones, W. G.. Private, 550. Jones, Wm. L., Private, 564. Jordan, Edward V . Adjutant 567. 657, Jordan, M. H., Private, 563. Joyce, A. R., Trivate, 543. Joyce, H., Private, 554. Joyce, J. K. P., Private, 500. Joyce, J. St., Private, 554. Joyce, O., 3d Corporal, 551. Joyce, Thos., Private, 502. Joyce, T. P., Private, 524. Joyner, B., Prhate, 507. Joyner, J. L., Musician, 492. Joyner, L. H., Private, 534. Joyner, W. B., Private, 498. Julian, Frank, Private, 506. Justice, B. W., Capt. and A. C. S., 529. Justice, John E., Private, 552. Justice, J. H., Private, 554. Justice, J. W., 2d Sergeant, 551. Justice, S., Private, 546. Kane, Chas. G., Q. St. Sergeant, 560. Kanipe, H., Private, 565. Kanoy, Samuel, Sergeant, 501. Kayier, A. L., Captain, 547. Kearner, Peter, Private, 555. Kearney, Henry C, 1st Lieut., 519. Kearnes, Alsim J., Private, 558. Keener, Peter, Private, 530. Keesler, S. G., Private, 504. Keiser, M., Private, 541. Keith, G. E., Private, 539. Keith, John, Private, 491. Keith, W. W., Surgeon, 547. Keizer, J. H., Private. 535. Kell, J. F., Private, 571. Keller, P. J., Private, 553. Keller, S., Private, 532. Kelley, A. A., Private, 545. Kelley, T., Private, 571. Kellv, Geo., Private, 531. Kelly, H. B., Private, 564. Kenan, AVilliam R., Serg't-Major, 497. Kennedy, J., Private, 542. Kennedy, J. B., Private, 534. Kennedy, J. W., Private, 487. Kennedy, W. B., Sergeant, 659. Kennedy, AVm. SI., Private, 530. Kenney, J. SI., Private, 495. Kepley, J. E., Private, 516. Kernel', W., Private, 534. Kerr, J. T., Musician, 549. Kerr, Frances, Private, 568. Kerr, J. B., Private, 568. Kerr, W. J., Sergeant, 512. Kestler, C, Private, 526. Kestler, Robert, Private, 491. Ketner, F., Private, 545. Ketner, T. J., Private, 517. Key, A. J., Private. 540. Kevser, AA'. H., Private, 515. Keziah, P. AV., Private, 563. Kiel, J. H„ 3d Sergeant, 550. Kiger, J. A.. Private, 504. Killian, C. E., Private, 541. Killian, S. E., Private, 525. Killian, AA'. F.. Private, 510. Kilpatrick, S. B., Corporal, 522. Kilpatrick, F. SI., Corporal, 523. Kincaid, Robt., Private, 530. King, Burrill. Private, 522. King, E. H., Sergeant, 487. King, Ezekiel, Private, 556. King, Henrv, Private, 522. King, H. C, Sergeant, 513. King, II. W., Private, 509. King, J. E.. Private, 509. King, J. AV., Private, 509. King, James, Private, 557. King, Jacob, Private, 561. King, L. SI., Slusician, 511. King, Nathan J., 2d Sergeant, 557. King, Richard St., Sergeant, 489. King, S. D., Private, 491. King, S. J., Private, 491. King, AA'. P., Private, 485. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 701 King, W. H., Sergeant, 540. King, W. R., Private, 535. Kinlaw, J. C., Private, 540. Kirby, Wiley L., Sergeant, 521. Kirk, J. C, Private, 563. Kirk. W. A., Private, 543. Kirkiand, S., Private, 571. Kirkpatrick, J. T., Private, 572. Kirksey, J. F., Private, 508. Kirmick, St. A., Private, 505. Kiser, J. C, Private, 546. Kiser, Noah, Private, 553. Kissop, J. W., Private, 546. Kistler, G. H., Private, 546. Kistler, G. L., Sergeant, 539. Kizer, John, Private, 555. Kizer, Zimri, Private, 555. Klutts, A. L., Private, 517. Klutts, D., Private, 539. Klutts, Jacob, Private, 518. Knight, Harper, Private, 553. Knight, S. J., Private, 553: Knott, J., Private, 506. Knott, Jno., Private, 551. Knotts, Harrison B., Private, 521. Knox, Benjamin A., 1st Sergeant, 569. Knox, S. W., Private, 545. Koffman, W., Private, 571. Koone, John, Private, 554. Koontz, W. A., Private, 516. Kornegay, Hargett, Private, 497. Kornegay, S. H., Corporal, 523. Kurfees, Z. C, Private, 550. Kyle, W. E., 1st Lieutenant, 529. Lackey, AV. F., Private, 566. Lacky," Jas. W., Private, 557. Lacky, John W., Private, 557. Lacky, Moses T., Private, 557. Lacky, Robt. C, Slusician, 557. Lacky, Thos. H., Private, 557. Lacy, Drury Jr., 1st Lt. and A. A. A. Gen., 511. Lafevers, D. H., Sergeant, 516. Lail, P. H., Private, 542. Lail, A., Private, 541. Lamb, Edwin, Private, 527. Lamb, G. V., Captain, 548. Lamb, Harris, Private, 486. Lamb, Ithamar, Private, 491. Lamb, J. M., Private, 500. Lamb, J. T., Private, 505. Lamb, L. B., Private, 486. Lamb, N. B.. 1st Corporal, 554. Lamb, W. H. H., Private, 535. Lambert, L., Private, 489. Lambeth, B. F., Private. 527. Lambeth, J., Private, 498. Lambeth, L. D., Private, 527. Lammond, Neal, Private, 490. Lancaster, Ben. H., Corps Guard, 488. Lancaster, Benjamin H., Private, 570. Lancaster, Daniel, Private, 563. Lancaster, Wm., Corporal, 515. Lane, B. D., 1st Lieutenant, 559. Lane, Daniel, Sergeant, 486. Lane, Jas. H., Brig. -General, 537. Lane, J. H., Sergeant, 500. Lane, L., Private, 554. Lane, L., Private, 524. Lane, Preston, Private, 505. Lane, Thos. B., Surgeon, 537. Lane, Thos. J., Private, 487. Lang, Robt. 3., Corporal, 523. Langbridge, "W A., Private, 563. Langdon, S. W., Surgeon, 520. Langley, J., Private, 535. Langsing, William, Private, 558. Langston, G. M., Private, 660. Lankford, Robt. W., Private, 562. Lankston, J., Private, 531. Lanning, Robert, Private, 523. Larkins, G. D., Private, 496. Larkins, R. L.j Private, 491. Lasley, C. M., Private, 514. Lassiter, Caleb, Private, 496. Lassiter, James F., 3d Sergeant, 490. Lassiter, Jesse W., Private, 572. Lassiter, P. D., Hosp. Steward, 562. Lassiter, Thos. L., 1st Lieutenant, 529. Lassiter, AA'm. H., Private, 560. Latham, J. R., Private, 526. Latham, L. C, Major, 484. Latta, David S., Private, 540. Lattimore, James H., 555. Lattimore, J. L., Private, 564. Lattimore, Jesse R., Private, 555. Lattimore, T. D., 2d Lieutenant, 548. Laurens, H., Sergeant, 487. Lawder, P. J., Private, 514. Lawhon, AV. H. H., Captain, 520. La whom, A. F., 1st Lieut., 503, 509. Lawing, John S., Private, 556. Lawing, J., Private, 546. Lawrence, J. W., Corporal, 492. Lawrence, Lee, Private, 504. Lawrence, Peter, Private, 524. Lawson, J. J., Sergeant, 562. Lawson, Jno. W., Surgeon, 503. Lazel, Lawson, Private, 557. Lazenby, J. St., Private, 543. Lazenby, Robert S., 488. Lea, John SV., Colonel, 503. Lea, Jas., 2d Lieutenant, 503. Leach, D. W., Private, 506. Leach, George T., 1st Lieutenant, 494. Leach, J. A., Private, 525. Leach, J. P., Private, 501. Leach, R. V., Surgeon, 494. Leak, William P., Private, 490. Leak, P. J., Private, 551. Leatherman, D., Private, 517. Leathers, S. N., Private, 511. Lechrist, Daniel, 491. Ledbetter, Chealey E., Private, 557. Ledbetter, J. A., Private, 542. Ledford, Jas., Private, 565. Ledford, Jno., Private, 568. Lee, Geo., Capt. and A. C. S., 483. Lee, Frank, Private, 532. Lee, J. A., Private, 505. Lie, J. B., Ord. Sergeant, 483. Lee, J., Lieutenant, 474. Lee, J. H., Sergeant, 531. Lee, John W., Private, 569. Lee, John W., 1st Corporal, 490. Lee, Stonroe, Private, 505. Lee, I'., Private, 569. Lee, Robt., Private, 565. Lee, T. G., Captain, 484. Lee, P., Private, 569. Leffon, N., Private, 506. Leffon, T., Private, 506. Leffon, Y. T., Private, 506. Leftwich, James B., Private, 490. Lehman, O. J., Sergeant, 543. Leigh, J. W., Private, 512. Leigh, Thomas, Ord. Sergeant, 499. Leister, Thos. R., Private, 561. Leitts, M. H., Private, 542. Lemmons, A., Private, 542. Lemmons, George, Private, 523. Lemmons, M., Private, 542. 702 North Carolina Troops, l861-'65. Lengle, F. . S., Private, 502. Lentz, Luther, Private, 505. Lentz, R. R., Sergeant, 545. Lentz, Tobias, Private, 505. Leonard, A. P.., Private, 533. Leonard, A., Private, 527. Leonard, Burgess, Private, 514. Leonard, Jas. SI., Private, 522. Leonard, Robt. R., I'rivate, 522. Leonard, Robt. It., 1st Sergeant, 526. Leonard, AV. H., Sergeant, 522. Leonhart, J. SI., I'rivate, 531. Leper, F. AV., Corporal, 541. Lesesne, R. SI., 2d Lieutenant, 537. Lesley, Isaac, Private, 504. Leslie, J. .1., Slusiciau, 540. Levister, Richard, Private, 528. Lcwellen, Thomas, 500. Lewey, John, Private, 501. Lewis, J. J., Private, 541. Lewis, A. L., Private, 493. Lewis, Alexander, 2d. Lieutenant, 537. Lewis, B. SI., Private, 500. Lewis, G., Private, 534. Lewis, Isaac, Private, 515. Lewis, James J., Private. 490. Lewis, J. H., Private, 504. Lewis, J. D., I'rivate, 492. Lewis, Jno., Private, 488. Lewis, J. T., Private, 504. Lewis, Nelson, Private, 564. Lewis, Robert, Private, 499. Lewis, AV. D., Private, 498. Light, St. SI., Prival.', 545. Liles, Charles SI., Private, 490. Lillv, H. D., Private, 550. Lillv, S. SI., 1st Sergeant, 490. Lilly, S. S., Captain, 529. Lilly, AV. H., Surgeon, 529. Lindsay, A. D., Ord. Sergeant, 522. Lindsay, AV. S., Private, 500. Lindsey, B. D., Private, 539. Lineback, Edward, Bugler, 514. Linebarger, J. L., Private, 546. Linebarger, N. SI., Private, 541. Linebarger, T. J., Captain, 537. Lineberry, Alex., Private, 532. Linens, AA'm., Private, 535. Lines, Chas. L.. I'rivate, 490. Linster, Robt. O., Ord. Sergeant, 488. Lipscomb, S. St., Slusician, 523. Lipscombe, AA'm. A., Corporal, 522. Lisk, J. T., Private, 542. Lisk, AA'. T., Slusician, 542. Little, Albert, Sergeant, 496. Little, C, I'rivate, 509. Little, J. C, Private, 492. Little, John G., Private, 496. Little, J. H., Sergeant. 523. Little, L., Private, 507. Little, P., Private, 545. Little, R. B., I'rivate, 510. Livingood, H. AV., I'rivate, 517. Livingood, Lewis, Private, 515. Livingston, L., Private, 530. Lloyd, G. E., I'rivate, 492. Llovd, J. L., Sergeant, 542. Lockett, D. S., 2d Lieutenant, 547. Lockev, J. SI., Sergeant, 515. Lockliart, J. T., Private, 499. Lockman, L. A., Private, 510. Lockman, AA'. L., Sergeant, 510. Loftin, AVilliam, Ambulance Driv., 571. Logan, B. F., 1st Lieutenant, 503. Logan, Jno. 15., Ass't Surgeon, 484. Loggins, Thos., rrivate, 515. Lollar, H. Lou, Private, 488. Loman, Wm., Private, 504. London, Andrew J., Private, 555. London, Henry, Private, 555. London, Henry A., Private, 497. London, AV. L., Captain and A. A. G., 494. Long, G. W., Corpora], 505. Long, Henry H., Private, 555. Long, H. C, Corporal. 540. Long, J., Private, 508.' Long, Jas. SI., Ord. Sergeant, 499. Long, J. J., Private, 564. Long, James, Private, 500. Long, M M . Private. 497, 570. Long, Richard, I'rivate, 562. Long, Richard D., Corporal, 522. Long, AA'm. SI., Private, 561. Long, AVm., 'M., Private, 562. Long, AA'm. J., Corporal, 521. Loper, J. H., Corporal, 660. Lorance, S.' N., Private, 565. Love, Apollos, Private, 659. Love, SI. N., Lieut.-Colonel, 559. Love, R. A., I'rivate, 564. Lovelace, G. L., Private, 566. Lovelace, J. L., Private, 542. Lovet, K., Private, 539. Lovett, N., Private, 508. Lovill, K. P., Captain, 537. Lovitt, AVm., Private, 524. Low, J. AV., Private, 527. Lowder, Eben, 1st Corporal, 490. Lowe, Jesse F., Private, 659. Lowe, Jno. B., Private, 521. Lowe, T. C, Q. SI. Sergeant, 540. Lowrance, P. A.. Corporal, 506. L'owrey, Jno., Private, 490. Lowrey, J. T., Private, 545. Lowrance, James C, Private, 555. Lowrance, J. S., Private, 517. Lowrance, AA'm., Private. 516. Lowrance, AV. P., Captain, 548. Lowrie, R. B., Lieutenant, 529. Lucas, Francis, Private, 566. Luck, AA'illiam J., Surgeon, 659. Luekey, P. N., Suryeou, 559. Lunsford, A., Private, 657. Lunsford, J. G., Sergeant, 512. Lunsford, N. L., Private, 511. Luter, H. SI., Private, 565. Luther, M. D., Private, 562. Luther, It. SI., Private, 535. Luther, AV. N., Private. 531. Lntz, Frank, Private, 500. Lynch, Cebern S., I'rivate, 555. Lynch, Humphrey P., Corporal, 555. Lynch, Richard, Private, 489. Lynch, Thos., Private, 513. Lynn. George, Private, 5d5. Lyerly, J. I-L, Corporal, 541. Lyon. John R., Private. 490. Lyon, J. AA'., Private, 512. Lyon, Z. E., Private, 510. Slable, Joel, Private. 566. Mabry, Benjamin, I'rivate, 491. Mabry, Cbarles. Private, 486. Mabry, C. It., Private, 507. Alabry, Eben, Private, 491. Mabry, J., Private, 507. Macon, Gideon, Private, 495. Mncon, P., Private, 542. Macon, John A., Private, 497. Aladden, SI. J., Private. 498. Madre, AA'illiam, Ord. Sergeant, 530. Maginnis, J. J., Captain, 559. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 703 Malcolm, F., Private, 500. Malcolm, James, Private, 500. Mallory, J. R., Private, 507. Mallory, S. C, rrivate, 507. Mallory, AV. C., Private, 507. Malone, E., Private, 513. Malpass, J. SI., Private. 485. Mangum, B. E., Private, 526. Mangum, D. C. I'rivate, 512. Stangum. E. P., I'rivate. 492. Mangum, P. P..' I'rivate. 492. Stangum, Rufus, Private, 512. Mangum. AV. C Private, 530. Slanley, B. AV.. Private. 532. Mann, B. SI., Private, 564. Slann, C. C, Private, 521. Mann, Jos. H., Sergeant. 562. Mann, Thomas L.. I'rivate, 485. Slanning, J. 1)., Private. 493. Slanning, J. T., Private, 505. Mansfield, A. AV., I'rivate, 317. Mansfield, Jas., Private, 500. Mansfield. S., Private, 500. Marbry. A. C, Private, ,.43. Marius, J., Private, 553. Marks, J. G., Private, 501. Marks, S. H., Private, 549. Slarks, T. S., Lieutenant, 559. Marsh,' A. L., 2d Lieutenant, 558. Slarsh, A\'m., Private, 540. Marshall, C. SI., Private, 515. Marshall, E., Private, 532. Slarshall, G. AV., Private, 538. Slarshall, James, Private. 568. Slarshall, Peter, Sergeant, ol5. Slartin, A.. Private, 500. Slartin. Alex., Private, 514. Martin, B. SI., Private, 501. Slartin, SI. C. St., Private, 557. Slartin, Pinkney, Private, 552. Slartin, J. St., 1st Sergeant, 551. Slartin, R. B., I'rivate, 503. Slartin, R. G., Private, 554. Slartin, R. L., Private, 543. Slartin, T. A., Major, 547. Slartin, AV. A., Private, 507. Slartin, AA'. A., Private, 541. Slartin, AV. D., Private, 565. Slartin, AV. J., Colonel, 529. Slartin, AV. S., Q. SI. Sergeant, 499. Slason, A., Private, 492. Slason, J. J., Private, 563. Slason, Robert, Private, 659. Slassey, J. AA'.. Private, 513. Slassey, Slay SI., Private, 570. Slassey, N. St., Private, 492. Stassie, G. T., Private, 496. Stassie, J. P., Private, 496. Slassie, R. C, Private, 549. Slastin, J. F., Sergeant, 516. Stastin, AV. J., Corporal, 546. Slatthews, J. ("'., Private, 535. Mathews. J. H., Private, 496. Slatthews, Levi J.. Private, 561. Slauney, Samuel. Private, 553. Slay, Anthonv, Private, 521. Slav, C. A., Private, 550. Slav, David, Private, 566. Slav, H. H.. Private, 501. Mav, J. W., Private, 485. Slay, Nathan, Private, 528. Slav, Thos., Private, 532. Slay., T. H., Hosp. Steward, 509. Slav., W. C, Private, 553. Slav, AV. H., Private, 550. Staybury, J. AA'., Private, 572. Staynard. C. G., Private, 518. Alaynard, J. C, Private, 535. Slavs, David, I'rivate, 502. Maxwell, Jas. H., Private, 561. SleAdeu, Jno. H., Surgeon, 547, 572. McAllister, H. B., Private, 564. McAllister. L. A., I'rivate. 510. SIcAlpin, J. A., I'rivate, 509. SIcAlpine, James, 570. McArthur, John F., 2d Lieutenant, 549. Mcliraver. E. AV., 2d Lieutenant, 519. SleP.riite. Jno.. Private, 489. SIcUr.de, T. i"\, I'rivate, 516. SIePr.de, AV. A., I'rivate, 523. SIcBryde. J. A., Slusician, 524. MeCam, J. AA'., 3d Sergeant. 550. JLC.iiu. AV. A., Private, 550. Mcl'all. D. H., Private, 563. SleCall, Ezekiel W., Private, 555. AleCall, J. C. Private, 546. McCall, P., Private, 50.1. SleCallum, J. B., Private, 560. MeCanless. J. C, Private. 489. SIcCarver, H. P., I'rivate, 565. McCarver, J. E., Private, 565. SIcCarver, S. H., Private, 541. McCaskell, Edward A.. Private, 490. SleCaskell, James A., Private, 490. SIcCaslin. AV. B., Private, 568. SIcCauIev, J. T.. Private, 542. McCinnev, J. AA'., Private, 505. SleClelland, AV. S., Private, 530. SlcClenny, Lewis, Private, 557. McCollum, J. Y., Private, 551. MeCombs. J. P., Ass't Surgeon, 529. SlcConniek, H.. Private, 485. SIcCormick, SI. St., Private, 500. SlcCorkle, R. A., Private. 56S. SlcCotter, R. D., 2d Lieutenant, 520. McCoy. AVm. H., Private, 531. McCraw, Cheslev, Slusician, 521. McCraw, Jno. C, Private. 521. SIcCreary, P. G., 3d Sergeant, 553. McCullen, AA'm., Private, 557. StcCullock, Rufus, Private, 512. SteCurry, John D., Private, 428. SIcDade, H. T., Private, 530. AIcDaniel, James, Private, 570. McDaniel, Joseph J., Private, 555. AIcDaniel, S., Private, 489. SleDaniel. Samuel, Private, 500. McDonald, D., Corporal, 532. SIcDonald, D. J., Private, 658. SlcDonald, G. W., Private, 539. SIcDonald. J. A., Private, 562. SIcDonald, J. H., 1st Sergeant, 530. SIcDonald. James T., Private, 561. McDonald. St. S., Private, 564. SIcDonald. Lewis, 2d Corporal, 527. McDonald, N., Private, 532. SIcDonnall, Jno., Private. 572. AIcDowell, John L., Sergeant, 556. MeDugald, A., Private, 525. McEntire, W. T., 1st. Lieutenant, 538. AIcEwen, J. St., Private, 563. AlcFarland, AA'. H., Sergeant, 516. McFarland, J. A., Private, 492. McGaliiard. Jones, Private, 512. AirGatby, Thadeus C. Private, 556. AleGee, A., Private, 512. McGee, — . — ., Private, 536. McGee, J. A.. Sergeant, 512. SleGee, W. A., Private, 512. SleGhee, J. L., Private, 540. SteGhee, L. L., Private, 546. McGhee, Thomas T., Private, 556. 704 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. McGill, A. D., Sergeant, 492. SicGimpsy, AV. AA'., 2d Sergeant, 530. McGinn, N. C, Private, 549. SIcGinn, AA'. A., Private, 549. WcGlnnis, Nathan, Captain, 548. MeGinnis, R. C, Sergeant, 497. McGinnis. S. P., Sergeant, 564. McGowen, John Q., 3d Corporal, 557. McGowen, Alexander D., Private, 556. SIcIlhany, J. H., Private, 568. Stclntire, A. J., Ensign, 54S. Mclntire, Alexander, Private, 557. Slclntire, D. SI., 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant, 54S. Mclntire, Thomas H. AV., 2d Lt., 484. Mclver, D. SI., Private, 492. Mclver, D. N., Private, 492. Slelver, J. SI., Sergeant, 658. Mclver, SI. SI., Private, 560. McKay, J. A., Private, 56S. McKee, R. D., Private, 546. McKenzie, J., Private, 542. McKinney, H. R., Captain, 519. SIcKinney, S,, Private, 568. McKorkle, W. A., Private, 517. SIcKov, SI. G., Private, 539. McKov, Thos. H., Slaj. and C. S., 537. McLarty, J. SI., 1st Lieutenant, 519. McLaughlin, John H., Private, 555. McLaurin, A. L., Private, 554. McLaurin, Dan'l J.. Private, 554. McLaurin, W. H., 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant, 537. McLean, D. H.. 1st Corporal, 567. McLean. J. Logan, Private, 549. McLean, J. C, Private, 501. McLean, J. D., 1st Lieutenant, 547. SIcLean, J. Logan, Private, 541. McLean, Robt. A., Private, 560. McLendon, Benj., Private, 536. McLendon, John J., Private, 490. SIcLeod, C. SI.. Captain. 547. McLeod, D., Corporal, 532. McLeod, John, Private, 562. McSIanus, Edwin H., 2d Lieut., 529. McSIaster, J. C, Private, 488. McSIiehael, J. AA'., Private, 500. SIcXair, J. A.. Private, 536. SIcNair, Robert G-, Private, 560. McNeely, Jno. P., Captain, 559. McNeelv, Thomas, Private, 512. McNeill, A., Sergeant, 540. McNeill, A. B.. Private, 487. McNeill, D. G., Private, 4S7. McNeill, X. A.. 2d Lieutenant. 520. McNeill, N. SIcK.. Slajor, 519. StcPhaul, SI. I.. Slusician, 524. McPherson, D. C, Private, 532. SIcPherson, James R.. Corporal. 569. SIcPherson, W. H.. Private. 532. McRae, Duncan, Private. 55S. SIcRae, Neill, Private, 560. SIcRae, R. S.. Private, 563. SIcRae, Wm., Brig.-General. 529. SIcRary, Jno. C, Private. 521. SIcQueen, A. N., Teamster, 4S9. SIcQueen, AV. B., Private, 489. SIcSwain, Bermudas, Private, 557. SIcSwain, G., Private, 516. SIcSween, Alex., Private, 658. Sleade, E. B., 1st Lieutenant and A. D. C, 537. Sleadows, B., Private, 513. Sleadows, L., Private, 524. Sleadows, Wiley, Sergeant, 512. Steaks, C. W., Private, 500. Sieares, D. A., 1st Sergeant, 524. SleareSj J., Private, 539. Meares, Reddin, Private, 498. Slears, Jas. B., Corporal, 522. Slears, William J. L., Private, 486. Stebane, G. A., Private, 513. Slebane, T. Y'.. Private, 512. Slebane; AA'. A., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Slebane, AA'. N., 2d Lieutenant, 519. Medley, Benjamin F., Private, 490. Sledlin, Willis, Private, 52 1. Sleeklns, F., Private, 495. Stehagen, R., Private, 551. Sleigs, H. P., Private, 501. Slelcher, Si., Private, 544. Slelvin, J., Sergeant, 65S. Slelvin, AA'm., Private, 540. Slennis, F. E., Private, 517. Slercer, Wilie, Private, 527. Slerrick, J. C, Private, 513. Merritt, Joshua, I'rivate, 488. Slerritt, B. H., Private, 492. Messemer, Moses, Private, 517. Slesser, AA'hitley, Private, 505. Slessinger, B., Private, 524. Sletts, Jas. I., Captain, 484. Slickev, Wm., Sergeant, 515. Mickle, J. C, Private, 531. Mlddleton. Geo. W., Private, 556. Middleton. R. SI., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Midgett. J. S.. Ord. Sergeant, 543. Stiles, Warren, Private, 659. Miller, A., Private, 496. Stiller, A. P., Private, 507. Stiller, Caleb A., Private, 568. Stiller, I>avid L., Slusician, 552. Stiller, G. C. 1st Lieutenant, 548. Stiller, G. L., Private, 543. Miller, G. P., Private, 507. Miller, Geo. W., Private, 51§. Miller. H. H., Slusician, 501. Miller. H. XL, Slaj. and C. S., 483. Xliller, James C, Sergeant, 554. Miller, SI. John, Musician, 524. Xliller, John B., Musician, 552. Xliller, John H., Captain, 511, 515, 516, 51S. Xliller, J. SI., Private, 542. Xliller, J. R., Private, 524. Xliller, Lewis, Private, 514. Xliller, L. AA'., Private. 545. Xliller, R.. Private, 545. Xliller. S. E., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Xliller, AV. T.. Private, 571. Stilliean, Daniel W., Private, 557. Stilliken, Samuel J., Private, 552. Xtilliken. S. J., Private, 571. XHlling, W. R., Private, 510. Mills, G. H., 2d Lieutenant, 547. Mills, F. SI., Private, 4S9. Mills, J. C, 1st Lieutenant, 538. Slills, Jas. L.. Private, 487. Mills, John K. Private, 490. XI ills, J. P., Slusician. 502. Mills, Julius, Private, 524. Slills, AA'. C, Private, 572. Slillsaps, J. F., Corporal, 543. Slillsaps, J. T., Private, 543. Xlilsaps, Peter P., Private, 556. Xliiton, G., Private, 543. Xlinton, A., Private, 540. Slinish, A. W., Private, 515. XUsenheimer, G. A., Private, 489. Xlisenheimer, J. XL, Sergeant, 508. Xlitehel, A. SI., Private, 515. Stitchel, B. A., Sergeant, 515. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 705 Mitchel, William, Private, 495. Mitchel, John H., Private, 496. Mitchell, Chas, S., Private, 521. Mitchell, James T., Private, 486. Mitchell, Jas. T., Private, 566. Mitchell, John, 5th Sergeant, 524. Mitchell, John, Private, 485. Mitchell, J., Private, 550. Mitchell, M. H., 3d Sergeant, 533. Mitchell, W. L., Lieut.-Colonel, 547. Mitchener, R. S., Private, 521. Mlttag, W. McK, 2d Lieutenant, 548. Mizell, A., Captain, 484. Mizzell, Adolphus, Private, 657. Moad, John, Private, 568. Mock, C. S., Private, 504. Mock, J. A., Private, 569. Moffitt, M. H., Sergeant, 495. Moir, R. L., Captain, 547. Moltz, Slayfield, Private, 568. Monday, SV. F., Private, 545. Money, H., Private, 516. Montague, A. B., Private, 533. Montague, T. J., Private! 516. Monteith, R. J., Private, 530. Montgomery, A. D., 1st Lieut., 547. Montgomery, J. T., Private, 571. Montgomery, J. AV., Private, 501. Montgomery, N. G., Private! 504. Montgomery, R. C, Private, 507. Montgomery, Thomas, Private, 497. Stontgomery, W. A., 2d Lieut., 503. Montgomery, Wm. T., Surgeon, 520. Moody, J. J., Private. 525. Moody, J. St., Private, 512. Moon, E. L., Private, 553. Moon, L., Private, 532. Mooney, A., Private, 527. Mooney, Isaac, Private, 555. Moored A., Private, 533. Moore, Alex. S., Corporal, 521. Moore, B. F., 1st Lieutenant, 494. Moore, D. O. H. P., Private, 542. Moore, E., Private. 540. Moore, Francis, Private, 490. Moore, Fred W., Captain, 484. Moore, G. M. Sr., Private. 542. Moore, H. C, Private, 502. Moore, Henry, Private, 539. Moore, Henry, Private, 499. Moore, Heury H., Teamster, 571. Moore, Hugh, Private, 5C2. Sfoore, Hugh, Private, 500. Moore. J. F., Private, 533. Moore, J. S., Private, 522. Moore, Jesse S., Ord. Sergeant, 551. Moore, J. F., Private, 571. Moore, J. St., Private, 485. Moore,' Jo., Private, 499. Moore, John, Private, 500. Moore, Jno. M., Private, 534. Moore, Jno. T., Private, 534. Moore, Robt. G., Private, 521. Moore, R. N., Sergeant, 564. Moore, Sam'l, Private, 498. Moore, S. A., Private, 549. Moore, Sam. St., Private, 488. Moore, Simon, Private, 486. Moore, Simon H., Sergeant, 521. Moore, Simon, Private, 570. Moore, S. R.. Captain, 484. Moose, G. AV., Private, 506. Mooser, W. H., Private, 525. Sfooters, C. H., Sergeant, 515. Morgan, D. S., Private, 508. Morgan, Geo. W., Private, 517. Slorgan, Grey, Private, 492. Morgan, H. P., Private, 496. Storgan, Jas., Private, 534. Morgan, Jno., Private, 534. Storgan, Joseph, Private, 568. Morgan, Nathan, Private, 505. Morgan, R. H., Private, 496. Morgan, T. L., Private, 489. Moring, Jno. J., Corporal, 535. Morphis, G. B., Private, 551. Morphis, S. F., Private, 551. Morris, A. F., Private, 513. Morris, D. W., Private, 563. Morris, E. W., Private, 512. Morriss, E., Private, 551. Morris, J. A., Private, 563. Morris, J. A. Sen., 2d Lieut., 519. Morris, J. E., Private, 509. Morris, John F., Private, 560. Morris, Norman G., Private, 489. Slerris, Richard T., Corporal, 556. Slorris, S. E., Private, 563. Morris, William, Private, 566. Morris! W. B. D., Private, 538. Morriss, D. D., Private, 525. Morriss, T. W., Private, 525. Storriss, William E., Private, 490. Morrison, Alexander S., Private, 490. Morrison, A. A., Private, 545. Morrison, A., Private, 516. Morrison, Elam F., Ord. Serg't, 488. Slorrison, J. SI., Private, 564. Morrison, L., Private, 546. Morrison, Thomas W., Private, 490. Morrow, D. F., 1st Lieutenant, 538. Morrow, G. W., Private, 539. Morrow, W. J., 2d Sergeant, 534. Slorton, Alexander B., 1st Corp'l, 490. Slorton, George A., Private, 490. Morton, Jacob, Private, 487. Slorlon, J., Slusician, 543. Slorton, Peter F., 4th Screen at, 490. Stoseley, C. T., Private, 522. Sloseley, J. H., Private, 509. Moseley, R. E., Captain; 569. Xtoser, Dan., Private, 518. Moser, Jas. K., Private, 515. Moss, H. R., Private, 507. Moss, Ira J., Private, 507. Sloss, J. E., Private, 507. XIoss, Peter M., Ord. Sergeant, 520. Most'. W. B., Private, 512. Xlotley, John, Private, 500. Xtotley, T., Private, 543. Mowrey, A., 2d Corporal, 489. Xlowrey, A. J., Private, 518. Slulder, J., Private, 569. XIull, Jacob, Private, 509. Mull, P. K., 2d Lieutenant, 559. Slullen, S. P., Com. Sergeant, 565. Xlullin, A., Private, 531. Xlullis, John, Private, 528. Mullis, SVm., 2d Sergeant, 528. Slumlord, AVilliam, Private, 486. Xlunday, Jas. D., Private, 536. Xlunday, John, Private, 553. Xlurchison, D. R., Captain and Quar termaster, 511. Sturchison, Sturdock D., Private, 557. Murdaugh, Robt. K., Private, 557. Murdaugh, T. F., 2d Lieutenant, 549. Murdoch, Dave, Private, 488. Sturph, D. M., Private, 544. Sturphy, B. B., Ass't Surgeon, 547. Murphy, D., Private, 540. Murphy, G. B., 1st Lieutenant, 519. 45 706 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Murphy, P., Private, 534. Murphy, Robert, Private, 504. Murphy, J. H., Private, 660. Murray, A., Private, 487. Murray, John W., Private, 538. Murray, Wm. G., Private, 534. Sturray, W. J., Private, 507. Murrell, Joe, Private, 563. Slurrell, Porter R., Private. 561. Muse, Braxton, Private, 561. Stustin, D. R., Private, 571. Nail, Jno. A., 5th Sergeant, 550. Nance, Buren, Private, 513. Nance, E. A., Private, 538. Nance, AA'., Private, 540. Nants, AV. K., Private, 568. Nants, W. R., rrivate, 568. Nash, George, Private, 553. Nash, Solomon, Private, 512. Neal, A. XV., Private, 508. Neal, D. D., Private, 528. Neal, F. SI., Private, 549. Neal, J., Corporal, 487. Neal, John H., Private, 570. Neal, J. H., Private, 507. Neale, E. S., Corporal, 508. Neall, S. R.. 2d Lieutenant, 559. Neave, Edw'd B., Slusician, 488. Needham, Thos. N., Private, 567. Neely, Thos. AA'., 1st Sergeant, 530. Neese, J. A., Private, 501. Neill, John C, Private, 560. Nelson, James, Private, 550. Nelson, J. SI.. Private, 515. Nelson, J. o., Private, 544. Nelson, P. C, Private, 496. Nelson, Sam'l L., Private, 523. Newby, W. H,. Private, 564. Newby, W. H., Corporal, 497. Newell, J. A., Private, 518. Newell, D. S., Private, 563. Newsom, John, Private, 504. Newsom, Jno. G., Sergeant, 491. New-som, S. D., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Newsome, Alfred, I'rivate, 487. Newsome, Owen, Private, 487. Newton, Geo. W., Private, 510. Newton, R. R., Private, 507. Niblock, George, Private, 517. Nichols, B. G. Sergeant, 493. Nichols, Jeff., Private, 518. Nicholson. B. SI.. Sergeant, 571. Nicholson, J. P., Com. Sergeant, 543. Nicholson, J. C. 1'r.vate. 545. Nicholson; J. L.. Private, 569. Nissen, G. E., 2d Corporal, 504. Nixon, H. AV., Private, 487. Nixon, W. P., Private, 540. Nolan, J., Private, 539. Norman, B., Private, 514. Norman, Preston, Private, 514. Norman, T. W., Private, 495. Norman, W., Private, 516. Norment, G. St.. Lieut.-Colonel, 548. North, Joshua, Private, 491. Northington, G. W., Sergeant, 507. Northington, J. S., Captain, 503. Norris, W. W., Private, 492. Norval, Jas., Private, 492. Norwood, James, Private, 513. Norwood, J. T., Corporal, 536. Norwood, R. W., 1st Corporal, 525. Norwood, Thomas H., Captain, 529. Norwood, Thos. L.. 1st Lieut., 538. Norwood, W. E., Private, 531. Nunn, H. S., 1st Sergeant, 523. Nunn, Wm. H., Private, 523. Nutt, W. B., Private, 518. Oakley, David, Private, 491. Oakley, R. H., Private, 524. Oakley, S. St., Private, 560. Oaks, J. A., Private, 514. Oates, A. T., Private, 507. Oates, Jas. A., 5th Sergeant, 525. Oates, R. SL, Capt. and A. Q. M., 537. Oates, W. R., Private, 507. O'Brien, E. St., 3d Sergeant, 550. O'Brien, E., Private, 544. O'Brien, J. R., Private, 550. O Bryer, D. A., Private, 563. Odom, G. AV., Private, 498. Ogburn, S. A., Sergeant, 517. O'Hagan, Chas. Jas., Surgeon, 550. Oldham, J. W., Slusician, 562. Oldham, Thos. S., Corporal, 521. Oldham, Y. A., Captain, 519. Oliphant, J. R., Private, 566. O'Neal, Abram, Private, 505. Orman, J. E., Private, 530. Ormand, R. D., 2d Lieutenant, 538. Ormsby, T. J., Private, 487. Orr, J. J.. Private, 493. Orrell, AV. C, 2d Lieutenant, 548. Osborn, D. D., 2d Lieutenant, 503. Osborn, J. H., 5th Sergeant, 531. Osborn, W. St., Private. 526. Osborne, E., Private, o45. Osborne, R-, Private, 559. Osborne, AV. B., Private, 566. Ottley, C. SL, Sergeant, 496. Ottley. J. J., Private, 496. Outlaw, A., Private, 509. Outlaw-, E. R., Captain, 529. Cm erby, J. SI., Private, 514. Overby, L. AV.. Private. 506. Ovi nnan, H., Private, 532. Owen, Thomas, 2d Lieutenant, 520. Owenby, H. W. N.. Private, 572. Owens, J. J., Private, 546. Oweus, Noah, Private, 524. Owens, T. AA'., Corporal, 498. Pace, E. R., Sergeant, 485. Pace, J. F., Private, 517. Pace, SA'm. H., Private, 485. Page, Erasmus F., Private, 486. Page, J. St., Sergeant, 571. Page, P. A., Serg't-Xlajor, 534. Page, AV. D., 2d Sergeant, 554. Page, AV. L., 4th Sergeant, 554. Page, William, Private, 659. Palmer, W. C, Private, 572. Palmer, W. H., Private, 507. Parham, Sam'l R., Private, 510. Parhamx T. B., Private, 516. Parham, AV. A., Private, 492. Paris, Jno., Chaplain, 511. Parish, B. D., Private, 501. Parish, Duncan, Private, 565. Parish, E. A., Private, 507. Parker, A. J., Private, 554. Parker, Geo. T., Captain, 503. Parker, H., Private, 551. Parker, H. P., Private, 536. Parker; J. A., Private, 546. Parke^ Jas. B., Private, 530. Parker, John G., 1st Lieutenant, 519. Parker, J. H., Xlusician, 660. Parker, J. St., Private, 491. Parker, Stark, Private, 568. Parker, R. A., Private, 509. Parker, K. B., Sergeant, 522. Parker, R. H., Ass't Surgeon, 494, Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 707 Parker, R. H., Private, 485. Parker, Thomas, Private, 526. Parker, W. C, Sergeant, 543. Parker, W. L., Private, 505. Parker, W. S., Private, 513 Parks, Berry, Captain, 519. Parks, Chas. SL, Hosp. Steward, 522. Parks, David C, Private, 523. Parks, Thomas, Captain, 529. Parks, W. E., Private, 515. Parks, AX'., Private, 546. Parks, AV. F., Private, 546. Parnell, Frank, Private, 505. Parrish, Jno., Private, 532. Parson, SV. R., Private, 514. Parsons, J. F., Private, 567. Parsons, T. A., Private, 542. Paschall, R. H. H., Private, 506. Paschall, R. H. SL, Sergeant, 506. Pate, Henrv, Private, 522. Pate, S. AA'., Private, 524. Pate, Thos. J., Private, 488. Patillo, John R., Private, 490. Patten, B., Private, 518. Patterson, A. H., Ord. Sergeant, 549. Patterson, C, Private, 536. . Patterson, D. J., Private, 499. Patterson, D. SL, Private, 528. Patterson, E. W., Private, 534. Patterson! H. H.. 2d Lieutenant, 484. Patterson, John A., Corporal, 539. Patterson, J. P... Private, 508. Patterson, Jas. D., Private, 557. Patterson, J. H., Private, 546. Patterson, Jas. SI., Private, 562. Patterson, X. StcN., Private, 539. Patterson, Robt. E., Slusician, 488. Patterson, T. P., Sergeant, 499. Patterson! w- H-. Private, 532. Patterson, AA'. Pressly, Corporal, 489. Patton, Hugh F., 1st Lieutenant, 519. Patton, James P., 2d Sergeant, 552. Patton, AA'm., Private, 564. Payne, A. SL, Private, 496. Payne, John, Private, 553. Payne, Joseph, Private, 495. Payne, J. W. A., Private, 496. Payne, R., Private, 499. Payne, T. L., Private, 565. Paysour, E., Private, 546. Peace, A. D., Captain, 503, 510. Peacock, David, Private, 522. Peacock, Jos., Private, 522. Peacock, George W., Private, 555. Pearsall, David St., Private, 557. Pearsall, Jere J., Private, 497. Pearsall, John AA'., 3d Sergeant, 556. Pearsall, Wm. F., 1st Sergeant, 556. Pearson, Jacob C, Slusician, 527. Pearson, J. A., Private, 563. Pearson, J. F., Surgeon, 503. Pearson, Robert P., Private, 552. Peatree, H. S., Private, 508. Peay, T. C, Private, 500. Peden, John T., Captain, 520. Peek, Zachariah, 1st Sergeant, 552. Peebles, R. B., Capt. and A. A. G., 559. Peele, F., Corporal, 544. Peeler, Alfred L., Private, 568. Peeler, Andrew, Private, 555. Peeler, Daniel, Private, 568. Peeler, Doctor D., Private, 555. Peeler, John, Private, 567. Peeler, J. A., Corporal, 517. Peeler, J. M., Private, 517. Peeples, H., Private, 543. Pegram, A. St., Private, 500. Pegram, R. B., Private, 491, 570. Pelden, Joseph N., Private, 520. Pender, J., Private, 500. Pender, S. SL, 2d Lieutenant, 519. Pendergrass, John, Private, 536. Penney, Geo. A., Ass't Surgeon, 503. Penny, John A. J., Private, 490. Penny, J. A., Private, 517. Penny, Ransom, Private, 505. Pense, Jacob, Private, 505. Penyan, AV. E., 5th Sergeant, 527. Peoples, R. G., Private, 567. Perdue, J. D., Private, 544. Perdue, Thomas, Private, 523. Perkins, J. P., Private, 536. Perkinsou. Jas. R., Private, 521. Perkinson, S. E., Private, 498. Perrel, D. C, 2d Lieutenant, 520. Perry, C. E., Sergeant, 488. Perry, Isaac R., Private, 557. Perry, J. SV., Private, 485. Perry, J. S., Slusician, 660. Perry, L. R., Private, 660. Perry, L. D., Private, 496. Perry, Thos., Private, 505. Perry, AV. H., Corporal, 534. Pethel, J. V., Private, 508. Petree, AVilliam, Private, 563. Pettigrew, J. C, Private, 549. Pettit, H. B., PrivateL 561. Pettit, J. St., Private, 562. Pettiway, J. AV., Private, 562. Pettus, H. St., Private, 530. Petty, C. R., Major, 559. Petty, R. E., Stajor, 559. Pfohl, E. A., Private, 515. Pfohl, W. T., Private, 515. Phifer, J. A., Corporal, 499. Phlfer, J. L., Ord. Sergeant, 508. Phillips, B. B., Private, 533. Phillips, C, Private, 530. Phillips, C. T., Private, 504. Phillips, E., Private, 533. Phillips, J., Private, 542. Phillips, L. C, Private, 524. Phillips, G., Private, 534. Phillips, R., Private, 492. Phillips, Thos. P., 2d Lieutenant, 548. Phillips, Thomas, 4th Sergeant, 556. Phillips, AV., Private, 532. Phillips. Wesley A.. Private, 514. Philpot, S. R., Private, 657. Phipps, J. L., Corporal, 506. Pickard, L., Private, 513. Pierce, A., Private, 550. Pierce, Jeremiah, I'rivate, 568. Pierce, James SL, Private, 498. Pierce, L. SL, Private, 564. Pike, William B., Private, 486. Pike, AV. St., Private, 554. Pinick, J. C, Corporal, 513. Pinkstou, H. D., Private, 532. Pinner, Benj., Private, 561. Pinnix, J. X., Private, 530. Piper, J. G., Private, 511. Pipkin, E., Private, 526. Pippin, Calvin, Private, 534. Pistole, Jas. St., Private, 521. Pitman, John A., Private, 570. Pitman, J. A., Private, 507. Pitman, N., Private, 507. Pitman, R., Private, 512. Pitt, J. W., Private, 493. Pittard, G. W., Private, 514. Pittman, R. E., Corporal, 492. 708 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Pittman, T. E., Adjutant, 519. Pittman, William, Private, 498. Pitts, B. F., Private, 514. Plemmons, Silas J., Private, 495. Plemmons, William B., Slusician, 552. Pless, P. J., Private, 505. Pless, Solomon, Corporal, 554. Plumlee, James St., Private, 561. Plyler, D. XV., Captain, 541. Plyler, E. A., Private, 541. Plyler, H. U., Private, „41. Poag, AX'. J., I'rivate, 549. Poe, R. P., Private, 542. Poe, S. A., Private, 542. Poindexter, R. H., Private, 542. Poisson, John J., Captain, 537. Polk, John A., 1st Lieutenant and Ad jutant, 529. Pollard, James, Ord. Sergeant, 483. Pollard, Rufus, Private, 501. Pollard, T. R., Private, 533. Pollock, W., Private, 509. Pomeroy, Chauncev S., Hospital Stew ard, 569. Ponds, G. F., Private, 499. Pool, Henry B., Private, 557. Pool, I., Private, 497. Pool, J. K., Private, 497. Pool, J. L., Private, 513. Pool, R. C, Private, 516. Poovey, L., Private, 541. Poovey, H. H., Private, 541. Poovey, J. A. Jr., Private, 541. Poovey, J. A. Sr.. Private, 541. Poovey, T., Private, 541. Poovey. W. H. H., Private, 541. Pope, Jos. A., Private, 557. Pope, AA'm. H. H., Private, 557. Poplin, D., Private, 543. Poplin. Geo. C, Private, 557. Popliu, Henry XI., Private, 557. Poplin, J. A., Private, 536. Poplin, John, Private, 533. Porter, Jos. E., 1st Lieutenant and A. D. C, 529. Porter. Otho St., Private, 568. Poston, A., Private, 528. Poston, S., Private, 507. Poteat, B. F., Private, 539. Poteat, John A., Private, 486. Poteat. J. AA'., Private, 535. Poteet, AA'm., Private, 512. Powell, Alexander SL, Private, 486. Powell, Andrew, Private, 565. Powell, Ed., Private, 512. Powell, G. C. Private, 508. Powell, Jno. B., Lieutenant, 494. Powell, J. R., Private, 485. Powell, Robert, I'rivate, 561. Powell, R. J., Ord. Sergeant. 533. Powell, R. James, Private, 534. Powell, Solomon, Private^ 520. Powell, Tate, Private, 56o. Powell. Thomas, Private, 512. Powers, David, Private, 486. Powers, J. R., Private, 544. Powers, L. E., Lieutenant, 511. Powers, Wm. C, Chaplain, 424. Pratt, Thomas, Private, 536.- Price, D., Private, 509. Price, Drury D., Corporal. 555. Price, H. F., Captain, 519. Price, J. A., Private, 515. Price, M., Private, 566. Price, Wade, Private, 566. Price, Wm. J., Private, 561. Prlchard, A. H., Corporal, 496. Pritchard, J. J., Private, 496. Pritchett, F. H., Private, 551. Privett, James A., Private, 560. Privett, J. C, 2d Lieutenant, 659. Proctor, Richard G., Private, 570. Proctor, Samuel, Private, 527. Profit, A. A., Private, 539. Propst, J., Private, 544. Propst, N. E., Corporal, 506. Propst, Tobias, Private, 543. Provo, Jesse St., Private, 558. Pruett, AA'm. S., Private, 528. Pruit, J. C, Private, 542. Pruit, John, Private, 542. Pruitt, A., Private, 502. Pruitt. J. A., Private, 541. Pryor," AA'. S., Private, 528. Pucket, T. E., Private, 563. Pucket, SX'm. C, Private, 530. Purnell, W., Private, 487. Purvis, J. R., Sergeant, 543. Puryear, S. L., 1st Sergeant, 510. Putnam, Devany, Corporal, 555. Putnam, Samuel L., Private, 555. Queen, James, Private, 536. Queeny, John, Private, 568. Quinn, Hugh, Sergeant, 485. Quinn, James, Private, 523. Raborn, C, Private, 517. Radford, T., Private, 508. Ragan, J. C. Private, 562. Raglan, E., Private, 531. Raider, W. P., Pilivate, 541. Raiford, J. T., Private, 544. Rainey, J. N., Private, 550. Rainey, J. P., 1st Lieutenant, 547. Ramsdale, G. W., Private, 497. Ramsour, 'vlward G.. Private, 557. Randleman, W. D., Private, 544. Randolph, T. E., Private, 524. Randolph, AV. SL, Private, 487. Rankin, W. R., Serg't-SIajor, 540. Rankin, AS'. W., Private, 541. Ransom. SI. XA'.. Br'g.-General, 559. Rape, Samuel, Private, 526. Rascoe, A. B. S., Private, 499. Ratehford, Robt. St., Private, 557. Ratliff. J. C, 2d Sergeant, 551. Rawley, James XA'., 1st Sergeant, 490. Rawley, T. L., 1st Lieutenant, 547. Rawls, A., 1st Sergeant, 533. Ray, A. P., Private, 659. Ray, E. XL, Private, 535. Rav. N. A.. Private, 532. Ray, It., Private, 516. Ray," Thos. L., Private, 514. Ra'ymer, J. Natt., Slusician, 488. Raymond, S. Owen, Private, 552. Read, J. T., Hosp. Steward, 553. Readling, G. XX'., Private, 543. Reagan, Jos. Private, 560. Reavis, Giles, Private, 504. Reavis, J. G., 1st Sergeant, 503. Record, T. D., Sergeant, 532. Rector, Charles XV., Private, 552. Redden, T. C, Private, 564. Reddin, Allen, Private, 561. Redfern, W. I., Private, 496. Redford, Theodriek, Private, 570. Redford, W. E., Private, 485. Redman, F., Private, 550. Redman. XV. W. Sr., Private, 516. Reece, G. H., Private, 543. Reece, W. D., Private, 504. Reece, William P., Musician, 552. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 709 Reed, H., Private, 658. Reedy, C. H., Private, 531. Reedy, W. B., Private, 531. Reep, Jonas, Private, 510. Reese, E., Private, 569. Reid, A. S., Capt. and A. Q. M., 483. Reid, C. A., Sergeant, 659. Reid, David, Privatej 555. Reid, D., Teamster, 572. Reid, George W., Private, 556. Reid, H. R., StusicianL 501. Reid, Jas. A., Private, 488. Reid, J. W., Musician, 549. Reid, Tim, Private, 508. Reid! W. O., Private, 514. Reid, C. A., Sergeant, 655. Reinhardt, Andy, Private, 517. Relph, Dorsey, Private, 565. Rendleman, P. N., Private, 510. Renfroe, Braswell, Private, 527. Renike, John, Private, 486. Respass, G. W., Private, 485. Rex, G. W., Private, 546. Reyall, W. B., Com. Sergeant, 527. Reynolds, J. E., Private, 544. Reynolds, P., Capt. and A. Q. M., 494. Reynolds, S., Private, 509. Reynolds, W. P., Private, 500. Rh'en, Wm., Private, 560. Rhoderick, C. D., Private, 554. Rhodes, David F., Private, 509. Rhodes, J. P., Private, 509. Rhodes, Thos. J., 1st Sergeant, 523. Rhyne, A., Private, 541. Rhyne, A. M., Corporal, 541. Rhyne, J. B-, Private, 565. Rice, A. G., Private, 500. Rice, J. W., Private, 562. Rice, S. C, Private, 550. Rich, Daniel, Private, 495. Rich, H. SL, 1st Corporal, 550. Rich, Lewis J., Private, 497. Rich, Pinkney, 1st Corporal, 528. Richard, H. R., Private, 526. Richards, Slajor, Private, 498. Richards, Roscoe, Sergeant, 523. Richardson, Allen, Com. Serg't, 495. Richardson, A. H., Private, 526. Richardson, B. F., Captain, 520. Richardson, Geo. XV., Private, 553. Richardson, J. A., Private, 502. Richardson', Jno., Private, 526. Richardson, S. N., Com. Sergeant, 540. Richardson, W. E., Private, 660. Richie. SL, Sergeant, 541. Rickert, J. St., Private, 488. Rickerts, Harrison H., Ord. Serg't, 554. Ricks, E., Private, 571. Ricks, J. W., Private^ 501. Ricks, Robt. F., Corporal, 522. Riddick, Simon, Private, 536. Riddle, G. XV.. Slusician, 524. Riddle, H. H., Private, 525. Riddle, J. B. F., 1st. Lieut., 503. Riggan, C. D., Privatej 491. Riggan, C. S., Private. 491. Riggs, B. St., Private, 487. Right, John E., Ambulance, 495. Rigsby, J., Sergeant, 516. Riggins, R. J., Private, 485. Riggsbee, Revel, Private, 521. Riley, John, Privatej 500. Riley, W. N.. Private, 544. Rinaldi, B. F., Captain, 537. Ring, Enoch, Private,. 495. Ring, Thos., Private, 504. Ripley, Sam'l H., Sergeant, 521. Ritchie, Jacob, Private, 505. Roades, A. J., Private, 554. Robards, J. W., Private, 507. Robards, W. H., Private, 499. Robbins, Richard, Private, 557. Robeson, D., Private, 660. Robeson, J. P., Private, 660. Roberson, H., Private, 536. Roberts, H. L., Private, 549. RobertSj James, Private, 566. Roberts, J. L., Private, 549. Roberts, John A., Captain, 548. Roberts,' J. M., Private, 568. Roberts, John T., Courier, 522. Roberts, Philip A., Private, 552. Roberts, Thomas, Private, 566. Roberts, W. H., 3d Sergeant, 549. Roberts, W. P., Brig. -Gen., 567, 659. Robertson, H. H., Private, 542. Robertson, J. P., Private, 501. Robertson, Jno., Private, 533. Robertson, St., Private, 549. Robertson, N. M., Private, 512. Robertson, N., Private, 496. Robertson, Rufus, Private, 513. Robertson, Thos. H., Private, 500. Robertson, William, Q. M. Serg't, 495. Robertson, W. E., Private, 531. Robeson, E. N., 1st Lieut., 537. Robins, Jonathan, Private, 491. Robinson, A., Corporal, 491. Robinson, D. C, Sergeant, 546. Robinson, Geo., Private, 524. Robinson, Isaac W., Private, 553. Robinson, Jetbro, Private, 560. Robinson, J. H., Private, 564. Robinson,' Jno. H., 1st Lieutenant and A. A. A. G., 529. Robinson, John M., Captain, 548. Robinson, Jno. S.. Private, 521. Robinson, Joseph D., Private, 521. Robinson, L., Private, 517. Robinson, Samuel, Private, 510. Robinson, S. SL, Private, 565. Robinson, T. C, Private, 542. Rodes, Ingram, 1st Corporal, 551. Roe. J. W., Private, 512. Roebuck, Geo. L., Private, 544. Roessler, J., Captain, 547. Rogers, Calvin J., Private, 497. Rogers, C. W., Slusician, 524. Rogers, D. J., Private, 487. Rogers, J., Private, 551. Rogers, J. T., Private, 551. Rogers, J. W., Private, 544. Rogers, R., Private, 534. Rogers, R. S., 3d Sergeant, 554. Rogers, W. P., Private, 526. Rollins, John R., 1st Sergeant, 523. Rollins, H. T., Corporal, 535. Rominger, XX'. J., Private, 515. Rook, J. L., Private, 496. Rooker, George XX'., 4th Corporal, 489. Rose, R., Private, 544. Rose, L. D., Private, 505. Rosick, George W., Private, 556. Ross, D. ST., Sergeant, 543. Ross, G. P., Private, 543. Ross, J. H., Sergeant, 535. Ross, SI. J., Sergeant, 543. Ross, W. J., Private, 493. Rountree, Erastus, Private, 524. Rountree, E. A., Slusician, 660. 710 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Rowe, A. H., Private, 525. Rowe, J. D., 1st Sergeant, 525. Rowe, Henry, Private2 526. Rowland, XV. H., Slusician, 527. Royal, A., Private, 525. Rovster, David W., Private, 491. Royster, T. D., Private, 507. Royster, W. L., Private, 533. Rucker, H. King, 1st Sergeant, 552. Rudd, E. XV., Private, 513. Rudisil, John, Private, 542. Rudisil, S., Private, 516. Rudisill, Emanuel, Color Serg't, 552. Rudisill, Wiley SL, Private, 553. Ruffin, J. R., Private, 544. Rummage, BT. A., Private, 544. Rupe, John, Private, 554. Rush, Benj., Private, 658. Russ, Simpson, Ass't Surgeon, 537. Russ, Jesse, Private, 555. Russell, Bennett. 5th Sergeant, 490. Russell, David SL, Private, 561. Russell, D. Y., Private, 540. Russell, E. A., Sergeant, 495. Russell, E. L., 5th Sergeant, 534. Russell, G. L., Ord. Sergeant, 553. Runyon, Jacob, Private, 528. Ruth, Andrew J., Private, 568. Rutledge, H. M., Colonel, 559. Ryke, Emanuel, Private, 550. Saddler, T. XX'., Private, 497. Sadler, Wm., Private, 500. Safrit, J., Private, 540. Sain, A., Private, 550. Saintsing, J. A., Private, 490. Salmon, R., Private, 560. Samuel, A., Private, 515. Sample, E. A., Private, 545. Sanderlin, Geo. AA'., Captain, 538. Sanderlin, Jesse, I'rivate, 557. Sandford, Robert, Private. 528. Sanders, David, Private, 564. Sanders, AVilliam, Private, 504. Sandford, Robt. Private, 528. Sapp, Alfred, Private, 515. Sapp, Benjamin, I'rivate, 527. Sapps, N. AX'., 2d Lieutenant, 503. Sartain, T. J. E., Private, 551. Sartin, XI. R., 1st Sergeant, 554. Sartin, R. T., Private, 495. Sartin, S., Private, 554. Sasser, C. J., Privatej 540. Sasser, S. A., Com. Sergeant, 489. Sasser, Thos. H., Private. 505. Sauls. E. XL, Private, 524. Saunders, Alfred, 2d Lieuteuant, 537. Saunders, Henry, Private, 552. Saunders. J., Private, 530.' Saunders. J. J.. Private, 550. Saunders, John L.. Private, 486. Saunders. T. L., rrivate, 541. Saunders, Thomas S., Private, 552. Saunders, AA'., Private, 546. Saunders. AA'illiam H., Private, 490. Saunders, AV. L., Colonel, 519. Saunders, AV. XI., Private, 540. Savage. J.. Private, 533. Savage. J. XX'., Private, 544. Savells, XI. D., Private, 566. Saville, J. C. Corporal,' 493. Savilles, Thos. P.. Captain, 559. Sawyer, Jas. P., Private, 561. Sawyer, John, Private, 565. Sawyers, G. A.. Private, 511. Scales, James T., Slajor, 486. Scales, J. Turner, Slajor. 484. Scales, N. E., Major and Q. M., 537. Scarborough, J. C, Private, 485. Seism, James F., Private, 556. Scoggin, J. H., Private, 506. Scoggins, J. L., Private, 566. Scott, Allen, 1st Corporal, 554. Scott, F. J., Private, 532. Scott, G. W., Private, 514. Scott, H. M., Private, 515. Scott, John, Corporal, 569. Scott, John, Corporal, 505. Scott, J. L., Private, 500. Scott, T. G., Private, 543. Seabolt, T. E., Private, 512. Seamon, H. R., Private, 510. Sears, B. J., Private, 565. Sears, P., Private, 535. Secrest, H., Private, 497. Seigle, Thomas L., 2d Lieutenant, 567. Seitz, J. Q., Private, 525. Self, A., Private, 528. Sellers, W. G., Private, 509. Selvy, J., Private, 546. Senter, Geo. W., Private, 561. Serralt, W. O., Private, 572. Settlemire, D. N., Private, 506. Setzer, Alfred, Private, 557. Setzer, Slarcus, Private, 570. Setzer, St., Private, 506. Setzer, N., Private, 506. Setzer, Pink, Private, 565. Setzer, W., Private, 525. Severt, E., Private, 545. Sexton, Hiram, Private, 495. Shaffner, J. F., Surgeon, 484. Shankle, H., Private, 534. Shankle, Jacob, Private, 536. Sharp, Eli, Private, 523. Sharp, E. T., Private, 523. Sharpe, J. B., Private, 489. Sharpe, R. XL, Captain, 549. Sharpe, R. P., Private, 550. Shaver, P. A., Corporal, 488. Shaw, Henry, Private, 491. Shaw, J. H., Slusician, 487. Shaw, J. SL, Private, 514. Shaw, AX'. D., Private, 485. Shaw, XX'. E., Private, 568. Shaw, XV. N., Private. 513. Shearin, Thos. AA'., Corporal, 491. Sheek, SI. C, Corporal, 503. Sliellv, XV. XV., 2d Corporal, 567. Shelton. F. L. R., Private, 500. Shepard, J., Sergeant, 516. Shepherd, Jacob, Private, 486. Shepiierd, J. (.;., 4th Sergeant, 533. Shepherd, J. XL. Slusician, 563. Shepherd, Lafayette, Private, 570. Shepherd, Silas, Private, 568. Sheppard, St., Private, 550. Sliermar, Perry, Private, 504. Sherrill, George AA'., Slusician, 539. Slleri',11, H., Private, 553. Sherrill, James H., Captain, 550. Sherrill, J. A. L., Private, 506. Sherrill, Joe B., Private, 488. Sherrill, J. G., 5th Sergeant, 553. Sherrill, J. L., Private, 553. Sherrill, R. H., Private, 525. Sherrill, XV., I'rivate, 564. Sherrod, Henry I-L, Jr., 2d Lieut., 519. Sherrod, AA'm. W., Amb. Driver, 571. Sherron, AA". J., Private, 510. Shevenell, Leonard, Private, 561. Shields, C. S. D., Private, 541. Shields, J. AX'., Private, 541. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 711 Shields, J. F., Private, 660. Shines, T. S., Private, 508. Ship, John, Private, 513. Shipp, Ephraim, Private, 557. Shives, A. C, Private, 550. Shoaf, J. W., Private, 544. Shoe, R., Private, 543. Shoemaker, N. L., Private, 496. Shoffner, F., Private, 500. Shook, Daniel, 4th Corporal, 557. Shook, Franklin, Private, 557. Shore, H. L., Private, 572. Short, Benj., Private, 485. Short, G. XV., 3d Sergeant, 526. Short, J. B., Corporal, 532. Short, J. E., Private, 526. Short, J. W., Private, 526. . Short, S. A., Private, 499. Short, W. P., Private, 533. Short, W. T., Private, 493. Shoup, Julius L., 1st Sergeant, 490. Shouse, E. A., Private, 504. Shreem, J., Private, 541. Shropshire, G. W., Private, 499. Shropshire, Wm., Private, 499. Shuford, D. H., Private, 496. Shuford, P. C, Captain, 494. Shuford, P. M., Private, 528. Shufford, Solomon, Private, 510. Shugart, J. A., Private, 504. Sides, John, Private, 518. Sides, J. XL, 1st Lieutenant, 547. Sifford, D. St., Private, 541. Sigman, C. C, Sergeant, 510. Sigman, Devault, Private, 557. Sigman, H. S., Private, 495. Sigman, J. C, Private, 496. Sigman, J. E., Private, 496. Sigman, L., Private, 525. Sigman, SL, Private, 512. Sigmon, C. S., Private, 506. Sigmon, J. G., Private, 507. Sigmon, M. L., Private, 506. Sigmon, XV. R., Private, 506. Sikes, E., Private, 513. Sikes, Jacob C. Private, 521. Sikes, W. H., Private, 542. Siler, A. R., Private, 532. Siler, C. F., Captain, 548. Siler, H. W.. Corporal, 532. Sills, John, Private, 486. Silverthorn, J. W., Private, 488. Silvey, J. XL, Private, 554. Simms, Jno. C, Private. 521. Simmons, A., Private, 509. Simmons, F. A., 2d Sergeant, 497. Simpson, J. L., Private. 513. Simpson, P. D., Private, 551. Simpson, J. R., Private, 531. Sinclair, J. D., Private, 492. Singletary, B. B., Surgeon, 572. Singletary, S., Corporal, 539. Singleton, J. B., Private, 530. Sisk, F., Private, 554. Sisk, J. H., Private, 554. Sivels, Wm., Private, 495. Skeen, Jesse, Private, 564. Skeens, J. Y.. Private, 516. Skinner, Wm., Private, 516. Slade, H., Sergeant, 545. Slate, XVm.. Private, 501. Slaughter, T. D., Private, 492. Slaughter, W. H.. Private. 494. Sloan, G. XV.. Private. 549. Sloan, G. XV., Private, 562. Sloan, J. A., Captain, 519. Sloan, J. F., Private, 566. Sloat, L. D., Private, 554. Sloop, D. A., Musician, 511. Sloop, Phillip A., Sergeant, 555. Sluder, James E., Private, 552. Small, R. St., Private, 500. Smart, W. R., Private, 566. Smiley, Robt., C. S. Sergeant, 561. Smith, A. E., Sergeant, 539. Smith, Amos, Private, 517. Smith, Andrew, Private, 509. Smith, Andrew S., Corporal, 552. Smith, B. J., 1st Lieutenant, 572. Smith, Calhoun M., 1st Corporal, 491. Smith, C. R., Private, 526. Smith, Decatur S., Private, 556. Smith, Edward, 2d Lieutenant, 511. Smith, Enos, Private, 536. Smith, F., Private, 546. Smith, Gus., Q. M., Sergeant, 508. Smith, G. C, Private, 543. Smith, G. W., Private, 568. Smith, Henry, Private, 495. Smith, H. H., Private, 562. Smith, H. W., Private, 532. Smith, Jackson, Private, 536. Smith, J., Private, 516. Smith, J. A., Private, 501. Smith, J. F., 2d Sergeant, 530. Smith, J. J., Private, 496. Smith, James A., 3d Sergeant, 490. Smith, James L., Private, 490. Smith, Jeff. A., Private, 488. Smith, Jno. E., Private, 497. Smith, Joseph A., Private, 523. Smith, Joshua, Private, 494. Smith, J. P., Private, 660. Smith, L. B., Private, 532. Smith, Lovelace, Private, 515. Smith, Moses, Private, 552. Smith, Owen, 1st Lieutenant, 537. Smith, P. T., Private, 540. Smith, R. B., Private, 546. Smith, R. W., Private, 528. Smith, Robert, Private, 566. Smith, Robert, Private, 556. Smith, Rufus, 5th Sergeant, 490. Smith, Simon A., Private, 491. Smith, Sidney, Private, 515. Smith, Thomas, Q. M. Sergeant, 489. Smith, Thos., Private, 536. Smith, XX'illiam, Private, 505. Smith, Wm., Private, 514. Smith, W. A., Private, 541. Smith, XVm. A.. Private, 560. Smith, W. B., Sergeant, 539. Smith, W. B., Private, 542. Smith. XVilliam F., Private, 556. Smith, W. H., Private, 505. Smith, W. J., Private, 524. Smith, AV. J., Private, 501. Smith, William L., Private, 570. Smith, W. R., Private, 659. Smith, XX'. P.. Private, 526. Smith, W. R., Private, 510. Smith, W. S.. Sergeant, 593. Smithers, J. P., Private, 500. Smithey. H., Private, 536. Smyer, R. A., 2d Corporal, 525. Snell, S. K. XV., Private, 508. Snelling, William X., 2d Lieut., 529. Snipes, SL L., 2d Lieutenant, 511. Snipes, Wm. H., Private. 560. Snow, A. L., Private, 514. 712 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Snow, M. W., Private, 572. Snuggs, G. D., Private, 489. Somers, Peter H., Private, 523. Sorrell, Elijah, Private, 561. ' Sorrell, Lewis, Private, 552. Sosamon, James H., Private, 527. Southard, R., Private, 500. Southerland, John R., Private, 557. Spainhour, R. A., Private, 485. Spake, Philip, Private, 566. Sparks, M. T., Private, 551. Sparks, William A., Private, 555. Spaugh, D. A., Private, 569. Spaugh, T. H., Private, 515. Speace, A. J., Private, 517. Spears, A. J., Private, 546. Spears, St. O., Private, 508. Speed, Thos. H., 1st Sergeant, 528. Spell, Gaston, Private, 491. Spell, W., Private, 525. Spencer, P. J., Private, 541. Spencer, S., Private, 541. Spieer, H. L., Sergeant, 522. Splann, James T., Private, 552. Springs, A. A., Privatej 501. Springs, Thos., Private, 487. Sprinkle, J., Private, 530. Sprinkle, Wm. R., Private, 557. Squires, James, Private, 514. Squires, J. B., Private, 493. Squires, SI. D., Corporal, 564. Stafford, D. L., Private, 572. Stafford, J. SL, Private, 660. Stafford, John, Private, 545. Stafford, John, Private, 563. Staley, D. J., Private, 487. Staley, E., Private, 571. Stallings, A. J., Sergeant, 560. Stallings, Caswell, Private, 490 . Stallings, E., Private, 492. Stallings, H. H., Private, 553. Stallings, James, Private, 570. Stallings, J., Private, 498. Stallings, J. N., 4th Sergeant, 553. Stallings, Rufus, Private, 492. Stallings, R. G., Sergeant, 513. Stallings, Theophilus. Q. St. Sergt., 491, Stamy, J., Private, 485. Stamey, XX'm. C, Private, 561. Staneil, W. H., Private, 524. Stcncill, G. W., 1st Lieutenant, 547. Standcrford, Fred., Private, 504. Stanley, S., Private, 516. Stanly, A. G., Private, 551. Starbuck, J. W., Private, 536. Stark, Samuel, Private. 568. Starling, J., Private, 571. Starnes, Hugh, Private, 526. Starnes, Slartin, Private, 535. Starnes, S. R., Private, 505. Starnes, Thos., Private. 492. Starnes, XX'm.. Private, 531. Starr, A., I'rivate, 541. Staton, Geo. H., Private. 522. Staton, J. B., I'rivate, 658. Staton, Simon B., Sergeant, 522. Staunton, J. R., Private, 492. Steadman, Joseph, Private, 552. Steadman, Joshua, Private, 552. Stearnes, Jesse J., Private, 528. Stedman, Chas. XL, Slajor, 529. Steele, Jas. C, Slusician, 488. Steele, J. H., Private, 491. Steele, Joseph, Private, 521. Stegall, A., Private, 545. Stegall, F. R., Private, 550. Stegall, Geo. W., Private, 522. Stephens, J. R., Private, 551. Stephens, Thos., Private, 550. Stephens, W., Private, 550. Stephens, W. H., Private, 551. Stephens, Wm. D., Private, 557. Stephens, Benj., Private, 659. Stephenson. Amos, Private, 520. Stephenson, D., Corporal, 501. Stephenson, John, Private, 501. Stephenson, Robt. T., Private, 520. Sterling, J. W., Musician, 549. Stevens, William, Private, 562. Stevenson, T. M., Private, 508. Stewart, A. L., Private, 543. Stewart, Alfred, Private, 570. Stewart, Alfred, Private, 500. Stewart, A. W., Private, 501. Stewart, D., Sergeant, 544. Stewart, D. L., Corporal, 517. Stewart, T. R., Corporal, 522. Stewart, J. W., Private, 498. Stewart, XX'. S., Private, 501. Stikeleather, Jno. A., Private, Color Bearer, 488. Stinson, David D., Private, 521. Stinson, Eburette, Serg't-Stajor, 488. Stinson, Geo. M., Private, 521. Stinson, J. B., Brig.-Courier, 488. Stinson, W. W., Private, 539. Stitt, J. SL, 1st Lieutenant, 520. Stitt, W. E., Captain, 483. Stone, A. XV., Captain. 538. Stone, E., Private, 512. Stone, G. XV., Sergeant, 658. Stone, J. H., Private, 513. Stone, L., Private, 545. Stone, R. D., Private, 513. Stone, R. J., Sergeant, 510. Stone, XV. E., Private, 550. Stonestreet, J. H., Private, 550. Stott, Bunyon, Private, 486. Stott, Jno., Private, 534. Stott, W. E., 2d Sergeant,, 534. Stott, Wiley, Private, 486. Stout, H. St., Private, 525. Stowe, Abram, Private, 553. Stowe, C. T., Com. Sergeant, 545. Stowe, James L.; Private, 553. Stowe, R. B., Private, 541. Stowe, W. A., Colonel, 547. Strange, Burgess S., Private, 491. Strange, French, Adjutant, 484. Strachan, J. B., Surgeon, 494. Strayhorn, Sid. G., Private, 523. Street, XA". J., 2d Lieutenant, 484. Strickland, Geo. S., Private, 521. Strickland, H. O. Private, 493. Strickland, Jas. Private, 498. Strickland, Jere., Private, 497. Strickland, J. L., Private, 534. Strickland, J. S., Private, 487. . Strickland, L., Private, 660. Strickland, X. C, Private, 550. Strickland, Nicholas, Private, 521. Strickland, S. H., Private, 498. Strickland, Samuel, Private, 505. Strickland, Thos., Private, 485. Strickland, W. R., Private, 505. Strickland, Wm. S., Private, 521. Stronach. Geo. T., Ord. Serg't, 489. Stronach, W. C, Sergeant, 535. Stroop, Ephraim, Private, 527. Stroup, Stiles A., Private, 555. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 713 Strowd, Samuel, Private, 523. Strupe, C, Private, 514. Stuart, Wm. R., Private, 560. Sturdivant, AVm. A., Private, 490. Sudderth, C. F., Private, 532. Sugg, Jno., Private, 534. Sugg, Josiah T., Hosp. Steward, 520. Suggs, J. H., Musician, 523. Suits, G. W., Private,, 551. Sulavin, John B., Private, 495. Sullivan, Henry, Private, 557. Sullivan, H. F., Private, 501. Sullivan, William H., Private, 491. Summers, N. C, Private, 488. 572, Summers, P., Private, 551. Summers, Thos., Private, 488. Summerel, -Burt. T., Musician, 527. Summerow, H. St., Corporal, 536. Summerow, P. W., Private, 532. Suther, G. W., Private, 544. Sutton, Benjamin, Private, 557. Sutton, Dan'l St., Corporal,, 540. Sutton, John, Private, 552. Sutton, Lewis, Private, 557. Sutton, R., Private, 523. Sutton, W. T., Surgeon, 511. Swaim, M., Private, 516. Swain, Ashley, Private, 485. Swann, T. B., Div. Guard, 488. Swearengain, E. S., 3d Serg't, 536. Swearinger, W. F., Private, 543. Swift, J. W., Private, 514. Swindell, Isaac S., Private, 488. Swing, John H., Private, 491. Sykes, J. J., Private, 542. Sykes, T. N., Private, 516. Taft, G. E., 2d Lieutenant, 520. Talbert, T. F., Private, 498. Talley, F. W., Sergeant, 541. Tally, W. St., Private, 533. Talton, T. R., Sergeant, 563. Tanner, Thomas, Private, 504. Tarlton, J. B., Private, 499. Tarply, J. H., Sergeant, 535. Tate, Hugh W., Ass't Surgeon, 511. Tate, J. St., Captain and A. Q. M., 537. Tate, Samuel P., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Tate, XV. G., Private, 551. Tate, AV. J., Sergeant, 660. Tatum, St. SI. .Sergeant, 539. Taylor, A., Private, 545. Taylor, A. A., Musician, 549. TaylorJ A. A., Private, 496. Taylor, Alford P., Private, 490. Tayloi-! B. H., Private, 544. Taylor, H., 1st Corporal, 533. Taylor, J. A., Musician, 563. Taylor, John L., Private, 500. Taylor, J. St., Captain, 503, 506. Taylor, J. W., Slusician, 660. Taylor, K. R., Serg't-Xlajor, 487. Taylor, Leander F., Private, 552. Taylor, Llewellyn, Private, 566. Taylor, Lewis G., Private, 486. Taylor, P. C, Private, 498. Taylor, Thomas, Private, 566. Taylor, T. J., Private, 515. Taylor, W. B., Lieutenant, 529. Taylor, W. J., Private, 560. Teague, A. A., Slusician, 524. Teague, B. K., Private, 565. Teague, E., Private, 544. Teague, J. A., Private, 532. Teal, T. H., Private, 502. Teal, W. E., Private, 487. Teal, XV. J., Private, 560. Teel, Alexander C, Private, 570. Temple, R. F., Com. Sergeant, 534. Tennent, John C, Chaplain, 494. Terrell, John, Private, 564. Terrell, Jeff., Private, 659. Terrell, Joseph, Private, 659. Terry, B. M., Private, 544. Terry, J. C, Private, 507. Terry, J. D., Private, 551. Terry, T. L., Private, 524. Tesh, Geo. W., Private, 522. Tester, Joseph, Private, 659. Thacker, Isaac, Private, 500. Thaggard, W. C, Private, 525. Tharington, Willis, Private, 521. Thayer, N. St., Private, 545. Therrill, Wm., Private, 526. Thigpen, L., Private, 659. Thorn, Joel J., Sergeant, 523. Thomas, Bryan, Private, 557. Thomas, Calvin, Private, 533. Thomas, Chas. H., Captain and A. Q. M., 520. Thomas, G. W., Private, 522. Thomas, H., Private, 501. Thomas, H. T., Private, 493. Thomas, Isaac H., Sergeant, 489. Thomas, James, Private, 514. Thomas, J. F., Private, 541. Thomas,' J. F., Private, 551. Thomas, James H., Private, 523. Thomas, J. H., Corporal, 499. Thomas, J. M., Private, 554. Thomas, John W., Private, 499. Thomas, L., Private, 500. Thomas, N., Private, 532. Thomas, S., Private, 532. Thomas, Stanhope, Q. St., Sergt, 526. Thomas, W. B., Private. 541. Thomas, William, Private, 557. Thomas, Wilson, Private, 533. Thomas, W. B., Corporal, 493. Thomas, W. H., Private, 563. Thomas, W. Y., Private, 551. Thomason, B., Private, 546. Thomasson, C. R., Private, 524. Thomasson, W. A., Private, 498. Thompson, A. A., Private, 513. Thompson, A. J., Private, 539. Thompson, D., Private, 498. Thompson, David J., Private, 528. Thompson, D. S., 1st Lieutenant, 519. Thompson, E., Private, 525. Thompson, E. W., Chaplain, 494. Thompson, George, Private, 555. Thompson, George A.. Private, 513. Thompson, J. A., Private, 544. Thompson, J., Private, 544. Thompson, J. C, Private, 534. Thompson, Jno. F., Private, 523. Thompson, J. W., Private, 517. Thompson, N., Private, 525. Thompson, R. L., Sergeant, 535. Thompson, R. R., Private, 554. Thompson, S. T., 2d Lieutenant, 538. Thompson, Stephen, Private, 536. Thompson, T. H., Private, 542. Thompson, V. O., Ass't Surgeon, 520. Thompson, William, Private, 523. Thompson, Willie, Private, 524. Thompson, Wm. G., 2d Lieut., 547. Thompson, W. J., Musician, 549. Thompson, Wm. H., Captain, 484. Thompson, W. P., Corporal, 534. 714 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Thomson, B. T., Private, 564. Thomson, T. J., Private, 562. Thomson, T. L., Private, 564. Thon, John T., Private, 568. Thornburg, J. L., Private, 541. Thorp, John H., Captain, 529. Thorp, R. S., Private, 501. Thorpe, L., Private, 489. Thorpe, Peterson, Hosp. Steward, 527. Thrailkill, XX'. J., Slusician, 562. Threadgill, J. H., Lieutenant, 494. Throneburg, M. M., 2d Lieut., 538. Tice, J., Private, 499. Tickle, W. R., Private, 515. Tilley, E. H., Private, 512. Tillison, Thos., Private, 515. Tillotson, W. R., Private, 510. Tilman, George, Private, 563. Tinnen, O. B., Private, 542. Tisdale, N. D., Private, 507. Toder, A. A., Private, 563. Todd, Chas. B., Serg't-Major, 554. Todd, David L., Private, 556. Todd, David S., Private, 556. Todd, Elbert, Sergeant, 486. Todd, John W., Private, 556. Todd, J. C, Captain, 548. Todd, L., Private, 508. Todd, Lawson N., Private, 556. Todd, L. A., 2d Lieutenant, 538. Todd, R. J., Private, 546. Tolbert, Frank, Private, 534. Toler, Calvin R., Private, 560. Tomlin, H. XX'., Private, 543. Torrenee, J. X., Captain, 559. Towey, J. H., Private, 507. Towles, James, Private, 491. Townsend, A. E., Private, 541. Tramel, H. B., Private, 495. Trammell. Thos., Private, 56o. Trescot, Geo. E., Surgeon, 538. Triplet, L. H., Private, 545. Trotter, A. G.. Private, 501. Troy, R. P., Captain, 519. Truce, J. C. Private, 505. Tucker, C, Private, 544. Tucker, C. E., Private, 499. Tucker, Darling. Private, 535. Tucker, E., 1st Corporal, 524. Tucker, Hardin E., Private. 558. Tucker, Henry. Private, 524. Tucker, James B., 1st Lieutenant, 494. Tucker, J. H., Private. 507. Tucker. J. L.. Private, 528. Tucker, T. P., Private, 525. Turhytield, J. L., Slusician, 541. Turnage, Henry C. SIusieian._ 527. Turnage, Joseph, Slusician, 4Si. Turnage, SL. Private, 660. Turner. Alexander. Private, 568. Turner. D. X.. Private. 492. Turner, H. C, 2d Lieutenant, 538. Turner, J. ('., 2d Lieutenant. 484. Turner, John A\ .. 2d Sergeant, 490. Turner, J. F.. Private, 518. Turner, T. L.'; Private. 565. Turner, Thos., Private, 525. Turner, A'iues E.. Captain and A. Q. SL, 503. Turnington, AA'. A., Private, 496. Turrentine, S. AA'.. Private, 512. Tuton, John, Private, 487. Tutor, T., Private. 569. Tutterrow, G. W., Private, 550. Tuttle, C. SL, Private, 532. Tuttle, John, Private, 515. Tuttle, W. A., 2d Lieutenant, 547. Twiggs, Wm., Private, 512. Twisdale, A. G., Private, 498. Twitty, Birchet T., Hosp. Stew'd, 554. Tyack, Joseph L., Private, 510. Tyler, John E., Sergeant, 523. Tyson, H. C, Private, 532. Tyson, Lemuel, Private, 528. Tyson, AV. A., Corporal, 659. Tyson, Allen, Private, 660. Tyson, S. H., Private, 660. Underwood, J. A., Corporal, 492. Underwood, John, Private, 542. Underwood, J. P., Private! 568. Underwood, J. R., Private, 568. Underwood, J. AA'., Private, 568. Underwood, Robt., Private, 568. Ussery, J., Private, 542. A'andike, Joshua, Private, 555. A'andyke, L. S., Private, 510. A'auEaton, R. T., Private, 517. A'anhoy, A., Private, 543. A'anlandingham, SL, Private, 524. A'anlandingham, R. P., Sergeant, 506. A'annoy, A. SL. Private, 485. A'annoy, J. A., Slusician, 501. A'anpelt, Chas., Private, 535. Vanpelt; AA'illiam, Private, 535. X'arner, J. G., Private, 525. A'ass, A., Private, 513. X'aughan, Alonzo, Hosp. Steward, 516. X'aughan, D., Private, 510. X'aughan, R. T., Private, 554. X'aughan, Wm. T.. Corporal, 498. X'aughan. B. C, Private, 563. X'aughn, Xlunroe, Corporal, 5P2. Vaughn. R. Y.. Private, 513. X'each, Jas. L., Corporal, 557. Veazev, E., Private, 510. Veazey, XV. C, Private, 512. X'estal, C. SL, 1st Sergeant, 554. X'estal, H. T., Private, 516. X'estal. SI. E., Private, 532. A'iek, E. St., Private, 496. A'iekers. Hiram, Sergeant. 512. Vickers. AA". D., Private, 566. A'iekery. Wm.. Pm Ue. 526. A'igal. John A., Ass't Surgeon, 538. A'inagum. D. X"., Private, 550. X'ines, William, Private, 570. A'ines. XA'. T., Private, 491. Waddell, James, Private, 499. Waddell, Jno. T.. Private, 499. AVaddell, G. AV.. Private. 523. AA'addill. Jno. B.. 2d Corporal. 490. Wade, G. L.. Private, 568. AX'ade, W. A.. Private, 516. AVade. XX'. H., Slusician, 521. Wadford. Allen. Private. 492. XA'agoner, C. J.. I'rivate. 517. AA'agoner. Jacob, Sergeant, 535. AA'agoner. J. XX-.. Private. 543. AA'agstaff. J. AA'.. Private. 485. AVainwright. T. A.. Private, 498. AVait. G. X.. Private. 542. Walker, B. J., Private, 500. Walker. C. H., Private, 491. AValker, H., Private, 533. AA'alker, Henry, Private, 514. Walker, Jas., Private. 562. XX'alker, John H., 3d Sergeant, 490. XX'alker. J. St., Private, 513. XX'alker, John W., Private, 556. Walker, J. P., Private, 502. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 715 Walke^ J. T., Private, 507. Walker, R. L., Sergeant, 513. Walker, W. M., Private, 551. Walker, Wm., Private, 514. Walker, W. R., Private, 502. Walkup, S. H., Colonel, 520. Wall, A. D., Private, 501. Wall, Aaron N., Private, 552. Wall, B., Private, 551. Wall, J. B., Private, 539. Wall, L. B., Private, 539. Wall, R. H., Private, 566. Wall, W. C, Captain, 503. Wallace, John R., Serg't-Major, 556. Wallace, J. S., Private, 510. Waller, Fred., Private, 524. Walston, John, Sergeant, 492. Walston, Jno. D., Corporal, 523. Walston, Ralph, Private, 492. Walston, Wm., Private, 498. Walston, W. R., Private, 498. Walters, B. C, Private, 563. Walters, L. M., Private, 502. Ward, J. A., Private, 516. Ward, J. D., Private, 500. Ward, J. H., Private, 515. Ward, J. J., Private, 509. Ward, J. R., Private, 542. Ward, Rich'd, Private, 522. Ward, Thomas, Private, 563. Ward, Thomas F.. Private, 523. Ward, W., Private. 492. Ward, XX'm. E., Serg't-Slajor, 522. Warford, J. E., Private, 497. Warlick, David, Sergeant, 517. Warlick, L., Private, 496. Warner, G. H., Chief Musician, 549. Warren, Burrill, 4th Corporal, 525. Warren, J. H., Sergeant, 536. Warren, James, Private, 551. Warren, John T., Private, 570. Warren, John T., Private, 486. Warren, L. P., Surgeon, 529. Warren, R-, Private, 554. Warren, W., Private, 512. Warren, W. C. P., Private, 565. Warren, W. St., 3d Sergeant. 534. Warren, Y. B., Private, 518. Washburne, T. J., Private, 507. Watkins, A. A., Private, 506. Watkins, B. S., Ass't Surgeon, 559. Watkins, George W., Private, 568. Watkins, J. B., Private, 530. Watkins, J. F., Private, 509. Watkins, P. B., Xlusieian, 487. Watkins, Richard, Private, 498. Watkins, William H., Private, 490. Waters, N. R., Private, 571. Watlington, E. R., Private, 551. Watson, A.. Slusician, 489. Watson, Andrew, Private, 504. Wa,tson, Eli. Private, 499. Watson, E. AN .. Private, 526. Watson, J. F., Chaplain, 547. Watson, John F.. Private, 561. Watson, T. B., Private, 498. Watt, W. T., Private, 549. Watts, John, Private, 536. Watts, Thos., Private, 531. Watts, W., Private, 512. Watts, XV., Private, 657. Waugh, S. A., Private, 504. Weant, Xatt. J., Slusician, 488. Wear, William, Private, 556. Wear, Robert H., Private, 556. Weaver, Preston J., 4th Sergeant, 491. Webb, A. D., Private, 539. Webb, Franklin, Private, 486. Webb, H. W., Private, 546. XVebb, Jos. C, Private, 519. Webb, Newell, Musician, 492. Webb, P. B., Private! 507. Webb, W. C, Sergeant, 536. Webb, W. D., 1st Sergeant, 532. Webb, Wm. E., Private, 489. Webb, H., Private, 536. Webb, John, Private, 492. Webb, J. R., Private, 563. Webster, A. W., Private, 532. Webster, John, Private, 490. Webster, J. B., Private, 515. Webster; J. F., Corporal, 526. Webster, R. B., Private, 562. Webster, T. A., Sergeant-Major, 562. XX'eddington, S. A., Corporal, 508. Wedington, W. M., Private, 571. Weede, Chas. T., Private, 560. Weeks, John A., Private, 557. Welborn, C. H., 1st Lieutenant, 548. Welch, A. H.; Amb. Driver, 495. Welch, A. L., Private, 504. XVelch, J. J., 1st Sergeant, 504. Welch, Stoses, Sergeant, 495. XVelch, R. S., Private, 563. Weldon, J. C, Private, 498. Wells, Jno.. Private. 535. Wells, Jno. D., 2d Lieutenant, 484. Wells, John G., Private, 486. Wells. J. K, Private, 507. Wells, M. L., 1st Lieutenant, 547. XVells, S. W.. Sergeant, 540. Wells, Wm. S., Private, 568. Welsh, John, Private, 531. Wesson, James D.. 1st Sergeant, 556. XVest, George, Private, 553. West, Hardaman. Private, 510. XVest, Fleming, Private, 510. XX'est, Frank, Private, 568. Weston, Jas. A., Slajor, 538. Weston, W. S., Private, 553. Westrav, Thomas, Lieutenant, 529. Wharton, William W., Captain, 494. Wheeler, J. B., Private, 500. Wheeler, Noah, Private, 498. Wheeless, A. B., Private, 499. Wheeliss. J. W., Sergeant, 497. AVhichard, D. F., Sergeant, 533. Whisenhunt. XX'm., Private, 510. Whisnant, Adam, Private, 555. Whisnant, D. D., Corporal, 507. XX'hisnant, Eli. 2d Lieutenant, 559. Whisnant", J., Private, 527. Whitaker, J. R., Private, 498. XVhitaker, J. S., 1st Lieutenant, 494. XVhitaker, Noah. Private, 496. Whitaker, S. Jr., 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant. 538. Whitaker, William, Private, 570. Whitaker, XX'. H., Private, 498. White, Augustus A., Private, 498. White, Abb SL, Sergeant, 488. White, A. Sidney, Com. Serg't, 552. White, ('. R., Private, 528. White. H. F., 2d Lieutenant, 547. White, J. B., C. S. Serg't, 564. XVhite. John H., Sergeant, 498. White, J. H., Private, 545. White. J. W.. Captain and A. Q. XL, 520. White, Leonidas S., 4th Sergeant, 553. 716 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. White, O. P., 1st Lieutenant, 520. White, P. R., 4th Corporal, 528. White, Robt. A., 1st Lieutenant, 538. White, Samuel C, Private, 491. White, S. J., 3d Corporal, 528. White, T. A., Private, 499. White, T. J., Private! 496. White, William F., 1st Sergeant, 555. White, XV., Private, 506. White, W., Private, 540. White, XV. P. A., Private, 658. Whitehead, B., Private, 498. Whitehead, Wm., Private, 504. Whitehead, XV., Private, 509. Whitener, J. P., Private, 563. Whitener, L. R., Sergeant, 506. Whiteside, W. E., Private, 541. Whitesides, Noah H. P., Sergeant, 555. Whitey, Thos. S., Private, 543. Whitley, Benj., Private, 534. Whitley, Jno., Private, 498. Whitley, Jesse K., Sergeant, 505. Whitley, St., Private, 543. Whitley, N. L., 2d Lieutenant, 519. Whitloek, N. J., Captain and A. Q. SL, 483. Whitmel, Dickerson, Private, 552. Whitmore, Jas., Private, 498. Whitted, John St., 2d Lieutenant, 537. Whitted, W. A., Captain, 520. Whittey, H. H., Private, 485. Whittington, M. S., Corporal, 501. Whitworth, Wm. R., Private, 509. Wicker, C. D., Private, 493. Wicker, John A., Private, 525. Wicker, K., Private, 525. Wier, W. L., Corporal, 506. Wiggins, R. H., Private, o07. Wiggins, Thomas St., 2d Lieut., 538. Wiggs, W. H., Corporal, 660. Wiggs, T. N., Private, 660. Wilbor, Alfred XV., Ord. Sergeant, 485. Wllborn, W. D., Private, 501. Wilcox, Edwin W., 1st Sergeant, 568. Wilcox, Geo., Captain, 519. Wilder, Jas. J., Private, 521. Wiles, Elbert J., Private, 554. Wiley, C, Private, 553. Wiley, E. R., Corporal. 515. Wiley, J. C, Private, 549. Wiley, Wm. G., Private, 521. Wilfong. G. St., Private! 506. Wilkerson, John, Private, 560. Wilkerson, XX'. H., Private, 530. Wilkey, D. F., Private, 532. Wilkins, W. J., Private, 554. Wilkins, Wm. T., 2d Lieutenant, 548. Wilkinson. J. F., Private, 506. Willard, Alverious. Private, 515. Williams, Arthur 'B., Captain, 567. Williams, B. B., Ass't Surgeon, 548. Williams, C. H., Sergeant, 507. Williams, Cbas. XL, Corporal. 536. Williams, C. L., Sergeant, 513. Williams, D. XX'.. Private, 660. Williams, Gideon H., Private. 502. Williams," G. S., Private. 513. Williams, G., Private, 509. Williams, Henry Clay, Sergeant, 505. Williams, H. XX'., Ass't Surgeon. 503, Williams, Isaac, Private, 505. Williams, I. XX'., Private, 517. Williams, Jacob, Private, 486. Williams, J. T., Captain, 529. Williams, Jas., Private, 562. Williams, J. T., Private, 529. Williams, J. D., Private, 568. Williams, J. F., Private, 513. Williams, J. H., Private, 513. XVilliams, J. SL, 1st Lieutenant, 511. Williams, J. R., Private, 551. Williams, J. R., Private, 513. XVilliams, J. R., Private, 544. Williams, J. XV., 2d Lieutenant, 538. AVilliams, John, Amb. Driver, 495. XVilliams, John Q., Private, 498. Williams, John T., Private, 556. Williams, Joseph, Private, 526. AVilliams, Lerns, Private, 565. AVilliams, Robt. A., 1st Lieut., 547. XVilliams, Robert, Private, 486. Williams, R. S., 1st Lieut., 547. XVilliams, R. S., Private, 542. Williams, S., Private, 513. XVilliams, S., Private, 535. Williams, Seth A., Private, 490. XX'illiams, Sol. B., Private, 561. AVilliams, W., Private, 550. AA'illiams, XVm., Private, 505. XX'illiams, W. A., Private, 505. AA'illiams, AV. A., 2d Sergeant 533. AVilliams, W. A., 4th Sergeant, 567. Williams, W. F., Private, 512. AA'illiams, W. H., 3d Sergeant, 533. AVilliams, AV. H., Private, 485. AVilliams, W. L., Private, 560. Williams, W. XL, Private, 525. XVilliams, W. P., Private, 527. AA'illiams, Zimri, Private, 487. AVilliamson, Benjamin, Private, 504. XVilliamson, C. D., Corporal, 521. XX'illiamson, Henry, Private! 491. XA'illiamson, Hiram, Private, 521. AA'illiamson, J. A., Private, 504. Williamson, J. N., 1st Lieut., 547. AVilliamson, P., Private, 660. Willis, D. H., Sergeant, 487. Willis, Henry, Private, 657. XVillis, J. C, Private, 546. Willis, Jas. R., 1st Sergeant, 528. Willis, St. A"., Private, 541. AVillis, R. L., 1st Sergeant, 505. XA'illoughby, Henrv J., Private, 499. AA'illson, Albert, Private, 513. AA'ilson, Benj. J.. Private, 561. AVilson, C. H., Private, 570. AVilson, J. H., 1st Corporal, 504. AA'ilson, J. J., Private, 565. AVilson, J. L., Private. 525. XX'ilson, James L., Private, 539. AA'ilson, J. T., Slajor, 548. XX'ilson. Joseph W., Sergeant, 555. XX'ilson. Leander. Private, 512. Wilson, L. L., Private, 541. Wilson, SI. A., Private, 563. AA'ilson, Ozias'S., Private, 552. AA'ilson, Robert, Private, 501. AVilson. S. SL, Private, 505. AA'ilson, S. W.. Trivate, 501. AA'ilson, Wm., Private, 565. AA'ilson, XX'illiam St., Hosp. Stw'd, 530. XA'ilson, Wm. A.. Sergeant, 563. XX'ilson, XV. S.. Sergeant, 502. AX'ilson, XV. XX'.. Private, 660. AVinburne. J. XL, Private, 489. AVinehester, J. R., Adjutant, 520. AX'inehester, W. G., Private, 526. AA'inchester, T., 1st Sergeant, 551. AVingate, R. St.. Private, 496. Winkler, Jas., Private, 512. Index to Parole List at Appomattox. 717 Winniugham, A. J., Private, 554. Winstead, J. F., Corporal, 562. Winston, Norfleet, Corporal. 521. Winston, Jno. R., Colonel, 494. Winston, T. F., Private, 551. Winters, John, Private, 485. Wise, H. A., Private, 489. Wise, J. N., Private, 512. Wise, Z., Private, 531. Withers, E. B., Lieut.-Colonel, 547. Withers, Slarcus S., Private, 553. Witherspoon, W. H., Corporal, 485. Wofford, H. J., Private, 516. Wofford, J. E., Private, 516. Wolf, A., Private, 553. AX'olf, C. H., Musician, 501. Wolf, J. W., Private, 564. Wolf, XVm. C, Sergeant, 521. Wolf, Wm. T., Private, 521. Womack, D. G., Private, 549. Womack, Elisha, Private, 510. Womack, Jonas, Private, 566. Womack, W. T., 1st Sergeant, 530. Womble, I., Private, 508. Womble, Richard. Private, 538. Womble, Thomas, Private, 509. Wood, Francis D., Private, 552. Wood, James, Captain, 548. Wood, Jasper N., Private, 522. Wood, J. W., Private, 516. Wood, T. J., 1st Sergeant, 554. Wood, Thomas F., Ass't Surgeon, 484. Wood, Uzzell T., Private, 492. Wood, William T., Private, 490. Woodard, Jesse F., 1st Lieutenant, 568. Woodard, Jno. B., Private, 48S. Woodard, R. W., Sergeant, 660. Woodburn, J. D., Sergeant, 532. Woodcock, Henry M., Chief Musician, 539. Woodhouse, M. S., Private, 504. Woodruff, J. E., Private, 496. Woodruff, R. W., 1st Lieut., 503, 504. Woods, S. K, Private. 523. Woods, W. D., Private, 523. Woodside, John C, Private, 555. Woody, C. C, Private, 516. Woody, Jas. D., Private, 560. Wooten, H. C, Sergeant, 501. Wooten, J. T., Musician, 501. Wooten, J. W., 2d Lieutenant, 538. Wooten, Thomas, Private, 487. Wooten, Thos. J.. Major, 537. Wooten, W. O., Sergeant, 488. Wootten, Leven, Private, 499. Workman, G. B., Private, 542. Worlev, A. P., Private, 495. Worley, B. T., Private, 495. Worley, Curtis, Private, 523. Worrell, S. F., Sergeant, 563. Wray, XVm., Private, 564. Wrenn, John, Private, 551. Wren, P. A., Private, 500. Wright, A. B., Private, 507. Wright, David, Private, 554. Wright, D. D., Privatej 544. Wright, E. J., Private, 514. Wright, F. H., Private, 544. AVright, J. R., Private, 300. Wright, K., Private, 508. Wright, Newton, Private, 555. Wr.ght, Noah, Private, 555. Wright, S. G., Private, 544. AVright, Thomas H., Serg't-Major, 524. Wright," William B., Private, 490. XVr.ght, W. G., Corporal, 489. Wright", Willoughby, Private, 659. XA'right, XX'ilson, Private, 659. Wyrick, SI. W., 1st Sergeant, 553. Yancy, C, Private, 506. Yancy, J. E. R., Private, 506. Yancey, John, Private, 568. Yandle, A. F., 2d Lieutenant, 538. Yarborough, Wm. H., Colonel, 519. Yarborough, Zachariah, 1st Sergt, 526. Yates, Jno. W., Private, 535. Yelton, J. M., Private, 540. York. Isaiah J., Sergeant, 543. Ycik, J. B., 1st Lieutenant, 494. York, John, Private, 513. York, J. L., Private, 554. York, Joseph, Private, 554. York, L. C, Private, 540. Young, A. P., Private, 517. Young, H. H., Private, 486. Young, John D., Captain, 548. Young, Jno. Graham, A. Ord., 488. Young, Julius St., Hosp. Steward, 561. Young, J. St., Captain, 529. Young, J. W. C, Ord. Sergeant, 527. Young, Larry, Private, 491. Young, Leary, Private, 570, Young, M. A., Private, 531. Young, P. XV., Surgeon, 548. Young, R. H., Corporal, 487. Young, Thos. J., Captain, 559. Young, Wm., Private, 505. Yount, A. E., Private, 541. Yount, A., Private, 512. Yount, D. P., Private, 507. Yount, F., Private, 541. Yount, J. A., 1st Lieutenant, 549. Yount, J., Private, 568. Yountz, William C, Private, 491. Youst, C. W., Corporal, 508. Ziegler, Jno., Private, 660. Zimmerman, H., Private, 563. Zoller, S., Private, 571. INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. Ad-Vance, State's Steamer, V, 335. Albemarle, Confederate States Ram, V, 315. Confederate Grays, II, 121. Duplin Rifles, HI, 19. Fort Fisher, Bombardment of, V, Frontispiece. Fort Fisher, Stound Battery, V, 217. Johnson's Island, near Sandusky, Ohio, IX', Frontispiece. Lillian, The Chase of the, V, 365. Parole of the Army of Northern Vir ginia, V, 483. Parole from Johnston's Army, IV, 583. Shenandoah, The, Confederate States Steamer, X', 345. The Three Colonels, II, 405. Vance, Zebulon B., Gov. 1862-'5, V, III, Frontispiece. OTHER ENGRAVINGS. Abernathy, Jno. A., Hospital Steward 28th Regt., II, 477. Abernathy, Wm. T., Private Co. A, 22d Regt., II, 171. Adams, Jas. T., Lt.-Col. 26th Regt., II, 341. Adcock, Alexander, Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 309. Adcock, Henry C, Musician Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 305. Adeoek, James W., Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 305. Ad-Vance, Blockade Runner, V, 357. Albright, H. C, Capt. Co. G, 26th Regt., II, 341. Alexander, Claudius S., Capt. Co. C, 4th Regt., IV, 443. Alexander, S. B., Capt. Co. K, 42d Regt., II, 801. Allen, Thos. St., Capt. Co. E, 4th Regt., I, 256. Allison, R. W., Capt. Co. B, 19th Regt., II, 99. Anderson, Geo. B., Colonel 4th Regt., I, 229; Brig.-Gen., I, 3. Andrews, A. B., Capt. Co. B, 9th Regt., I, 417. Andrews, John B., Capt. Co. C, 4th Regt., I, 256. Anthony, W. H., Capt. Co. B, 9th Regt., I, 417. Apperson, P. A., 1st Sergt. Co. F, 28th Regt., II, 477. Apperson, Thos. V., Capt. Co. F, 28th Regt., II, 473. Arendell, Thomas, 1st Lt. Co. F, 10th Regt., I, 489. Armfield, Robert F., Lt.-Col. 38th Regt., II, 675. Arrington, John, Color Sergt., Co. I, 12th Regt., I, 624. Arrington, XV. T., Capt. Co. F, 30th Regt., II, 501. Ashe, Samuel A., 1st Lt. Engineer Corps, IV, 409. Ashford, John, Col. 38th Regt., II, 675. Atkinson, James W., Color Sergt. Co. G, 33d Regt., II, 565. Avery, Alphonso C, Capt. Co. E, 6th Regt., I, 293. Avery, Clark Moulton, Col. 33d Regt., II, 537. Avery, Isaac Erwin, Col. 6th Regt., I, 293. Avery, XVilloughby F., Capt. Co. I, 38d Regt., II, 551. Badger, Thos., 2d Lieut. Co. I, 5th Regt., X', 257. Badgett, Joseph W., 1st Lt. Co. G, 30th Regt., II, 501. Badham, John C, Lt.-Col. 5th Regt., I, 281. Bagley, XV. H., Capt. Co. A, 8th Regt., I, 387; Maj. 68th Regt., Ill, 713. Bahnson, H. T., Hospital Steward 2d Battalion, IV, 243. Bailey, G. P., Capt. Co. K, 13th Regt., I, 653. Bailey, Isaac H., Capt. Co. B, 58th Regt., Ill, 431. Bailey, Lemuel J., Private Co. H. 63d Regt., Ill, 575. Bain, W. C, Sergeant Co. G, 46th Regt., Ill, 71. Baird, Benjamin F., Capt. Co. D, 58th Regt., Ill, 431. Capt. Co. H, 24th Sergt. Co. A, 27th Baird, Wm. G., Regt., II, 269. Baker, Jno. B., Regt., II, 425. Baker, L. S., Colonel 9th Regt., I, 417; Brig.-Gen., II, 727. Baker, Richard B., Surgeon 33d Regt., II, 537. Ballew, Joseph R., Capt. Co. F, 26th Regt., II, 341. Bandy, J. St., 2d Lt. Co. E, 72d Regt., IV, 35. "Banshee," Blockade Runner, V, 357. Barker, Cicero, Drum Major Co. K 8th Regt., I, 400. Barnes, H. SL, Capt. Co. B, 10th Bat talion, IV, 315. Barnes, Jesse S., Capt. Co. F, 4th Regt., I, 256. Barnes, Ruffin, Capt. Co. C, 43d Regt., Ill, 1. Barnes, W. S., Ordnance Sergt. 4th Regt., I, 270. Barnhardt, Jacob R., Color-bearer Co. H, 8th Regt., I, 400. Barnhart, G. E., Private Co. H, 63d Regt., Ill, 575. Barrier, John D., Sergeant Co. F, 57th Regt., Ill, 405. Barrier, Rufus A., Lt.-Col. 8th Regt., I, 387. 720 North Carolina Troops, 1S61-65. Barringer, Cager D., Private Co. H, 8th Regt., I, 400. Barringer, Rufus, Capt. Co. F, 9th Regt, I, 417; Brig.-Gen., IV, 435. Barry, Jno. D., Col. 18th Regt., II, 15; Brig.-Gen., IV, 475; V, 3. Baskerville, Geo. T., Capt. Co. I, 23d Regt, II, 201. Battle, Junius C, Private Co. D, 12th Regt., 1, 605. Battle, R. H., 1st Lt. Co. I, 43d Regt.. Ill, 1. Battle, W. Lewis, 2d Lt. Co. D, 37th Regt., II, 653. Battle, XX'm., Surgeon 32d Regt, II, 521. Beall, Jas. F., Maj. 21st Regt., II, 141. Beaman, J. A., Private Co. A, 71st Regt, IV, 591. Bean, SI. L., Capt. Co. K, 4th Regt., I, 256. Beard, John, Capt. Co. C, 57th Regt., Ill, 405. Beasley, W. F., Lt.-Col. 71st Regt., IV, 25. Beaver, John D., Private Co. H, 8th Regt, I, 400. Belo, A. H., Col. 55th Regt, III, 287. Benbury, John, Capt. Co. A, 1st Regt, I, 135. Bennett, Frank, Capt. Co. A, 23d, Regt, II, 201. Betts, A. P., Chaplain 30th Regt, II, 495; IV, 597. Biggs. John D.. Capt. Co. H, 61st Regt., III. 503. Biggs, Noah. Private Co. H, 61st Regt.. Ill, 503. Biggs. Wm., Capt. Co. A, 17th Regt., II. 7. Bikle, L. A., Chaplain 20th Regt, IV, 597. Bingham, Robert, Capt. Co. G, 44th Regt. III. 21. Bird. F. W., Lt.-Col. 11th Regt., I, 583. Blackburne, J. O., Capt. Co. G, 21st Regt. II, 147. Blaeknall, C. C, Col. 23d Regt., II, J 81. Blalock, James A., Capt. Co. F., 25th Regt., II. 291. Blalock, Slilton, 1st Sergt. Co. D, 12th Regt., X', 265. Blalock, XVm. A., 1st Lt. Co. A, 50th Regt., Ill, 161. Blocker. O. H.. Capt. and Ass't Com. 36th Regt., II, 629. Blum. James A., Sergt Co. A, 1st Batt., IX', 225. Bohannon. S. S., Capt. Co. F, 28th Regt.. II. 481. Boone, T. D., Capt. Co. F, 1st Regt., I, 135. Bost. Adolphus Theodorus, Capt. Co. K, 46th Regt., Ill, 63. Bost R. A., Capt. Co. K, 46th Regt., Ill, 63. Bovd, Andrew J., Lt.-Col. 45th Regt, III, 35. Bovd, George F., 2d Lt. Co. A, 45th Regt.. IV. 513. Bovd, Samuel Hill, Colonel 45th Regt, III. 35. Boykin, Thos. J., Surgeon 26th Regt., II, 303. Brabble, E. C, Col. 32d Regt, II, 521. Bradford, John Wesley, Private Co. G, 47th Regt, IV, 561. Bradley, R. H., Private Co. A, Bethel Regt, I. 100, Bradshaw, C. W., Lt.-Col. 42d Regt, II. 789. Branch, Lawrence O'B., Colonel 33d Regt., II, 537; Brig.-Gen., I, 3; IV, 475. Breedlove, B. I.. Private Co. B, IV, 9. Breedlove, Jas. A., Capt. Co. G, 23d Regt., II, 201. Breedlove, Jno. H., Private Co. G, 23d Regt., II, 221. Brewer, Stephen W., Capt. Co. E, 26th Regt.. II, 341. Bridgers. John L., Lt.-Col 10th Regt, I, 489. Bridgers, Junius A., 2d Lt. Co. H, 19th Regt.. II, 99. Brigadier-Generals from N. C. Com missioned bv the Confederate States, I, 3: II, 727; IV, 435; X', 3. Brigadier Generals Commissioned by tbe State, V, 5. Broadfoot, Chas. W., Col. 70th Regt., IX', 9. Brookfield. Jacob, Capt. Co. D, 5th Regt. I. 288. Brookfield, Ravnor, Capt. Co. C, 5th Regt., I. 288. Brooks. E. J.. Ord. Sergt. Co. I. 2nd Regt, I, 168. Brooks. Jno. S., Lt.-Col. 20th Regt, II, 111. Brooks, Robt. H., Sergt. Co. A, 10th Regt. Stanly's Battery. IV, 221. Brown, Barton Robey, Capt. Co. A, 65th Regt., III. 673. Brown, Frank. Private Co. H, 63d Regt., Ill, 575. Brown. H. A.. Colonel 1st Regt., I, 135. Brown, Jno. E.. Col. 42d Regt. II. 789. Brown. R. C. Capt. Co. B, 44th Regt, III, 21. Brown. Stephen J.. 2d Lt. Co. A, 65th Regt., III. 673. Brown. T. J.. Slaj. 42d Regt, II, 789. Brown. W. C. Surgeon 42d Regt., II. 7S9. Brvan. Ceo. Pettigrew. Capt. Co. G, 19th Regt. II, 79. Bryan. E. K., 2d Lt. Co. I, 2d Regt., I, 16S: Adjt. 31st Regt.. II. 507. Brvson, T. D.. Capt. Co. B, 25th Regt, II. 291. Buchanan. John Ruffin, Sergt Co. A, 44th Regt., III. 29. Buie. Slarcus W., Capt. Co. B, 18th Regt. II, 15. Bullock, Geo. Burns, Capt. Co. I, 23d Regt.. II. 221. Bunn. B. H.. 2d Lt. Co. A. 47th Regt, III, 91. Burgwyn, Harry K., Col. 26th Regt, II, 303. 405. Burgwyn, Wm. H. S.. Capt. Co. H, 35th Regt., II, 591; A. A. G. Cling- man's Brigade, IV, 481. Burwell. James Webb. Private Co. B. 54th Regt.. Ill, 255. Index to Illustrations. 721 Burwell, Robert Turnbull, 1st Lt. Co. B, 43d Regt., Ill, 9. Buxton, S. N., Capt. Co. H, 19th Regt, II, 99. Caldwell, Denson A., Private Co. F, 63d Regt., Ill, 545. Caldwell, R. B., Private Co. F, 63d Regt, III, 545. Call, XV. IL, Ord. Sergt. 75th Regt, IV, 71. Campbell, Reuben P., Col. 7th Regt, IV, 465. Campbell, Wesley St., Surgeon 7th Regt., IV, 465. Cannady, John P., Sergt. Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 305. Cantwell, John L., Col. 51st Regt, III. 205. Capehart, Baldy Ashburn, Capt., A. Q. St. 15th Batt, IV, 365. Capehart, Thomas, 2d Lt. Co. M, Bethel Regt., I, 69. Capehart, XV. R., Surgeon Art., IX'. 221. Carden, Jas. J., Sergt. Co. K, 19th Regt, (2d Cav.), IV, 581. Carmichael, XVm. W., 1st Lt. Co. F, 52d Regt, III, 223. Carlton, Francis D., 1st Lt. Co. A, 4th Regt, IV, 443. Carlton, Pinckney C, Capt. Co. A, 7th Regt., IV, 465. Carr, Julian S., Private Co. K, 41st Regt, II, 769. Carr, O. XV., Capt. Co. G, 46th Regt, III, 63. Carr, R. B., 1st Lt. Co. A, 43d Regt., Ill, 9. Carr, T. W., 1st Lt. Co. K, 67th Regt., Ill, 703. Carrington. A. S., Corporal Co. B, 6th Regt, IV, 525. Carrington, R. B., Private Co. A, 66th Regt, III. 685. Carter, B. F., Sergt. Co. C, 11th Regt, I. 600. Carter, D. XL, Col., Military Court, V, 463. Casey, A. J., Private Co. H, 2d Regt, I, 168. Cash. Woodson B., Sergeant Co. I, 63d Regt, V, 671. Cathey, Benjamin H., 1st Lt. Co. A, 16th Regt., I, 751. Cathey, James St., Capt. Co. F, 25th Regt., II, 291. Cathey, J. T., 2d Lt. Co. F, 25th Regt, II, 297. Cathey, Wm. H., Private Co. A, 16th Regt, I, 751. Chambers, Henry A., Capt. Co. C, 49th Regt., Ill, 125. Chambers, John G., 1st Lt. Co. C, 60th Regt. Ill, 473. Cheek, W. H., Colonel 9th Regt., (1st Cav.), I, 417. Cherry, Jos. B., Capt. Co. F, 59th Regt, III, 455. Christian, E. J., Maj. 23d Regt, II, 181. Christie, D. H., Col. 23d Regt., II, 181. Clark, David, Brig.-Gen., V, 5. Clark, Henry T., Gov. 1861-'62, I, Frontispiece. 46 Clark, James SL, Ensign 56th Regt, III, 313. Clark, J. B., 1st Lt. Co. A, 22d Regt., II, 171. Clark, XValter, 2d Lt. and Driiimaster 22d Regt, II, 161; 1st Lt. and Adjt 35th Regt, II, 591; Lt.-Col. 70th Regt, IV, 9. Clingman, T. L.. Col. 25th Regt, II, 291; Brig.-Gen., I, 3; IV, 481. Cobb, Bryan XV., Capt. Co. H, 2d Regt, IV, 443. Cobb, John P., Colonel 2d Regt, I, 157. Cobb, Xeedham B., Chaplain 14th Regt., 1, 705. Cobb, Stephen J., Private Co. D, 51st Regt, HI. 211. Cobb, XV. H. H., Ass't Surgeon 2d Regt, I, 168. Coffev, Drury D., Sergt.-SIaj. 58th Regt., Ill, 431. Coffey, H. P., Private Co. F, 26th Regt., II, 371. "Col. Lamb," Blockade Runner, V, 357. Coleman, David, Colonel 39th Regt., II, 699. Coleman, Robert L., Capt, A. C. S., 60th Regt., Ill, 431; Col. 79th Regt, IV, 109. Coleman, Thad. Capt. 60th Regt, and in Engineer Corps., IX', 409; Lt.-Col. 60th Regt, III, 473. Coley, Wm. Edw., Private Co. H, 56th Regt, IV, 569. Collins, D. K., 2d Lt. Co. F., 69th Regt., Ill, 729. Collins, Jno. A., 1st Lt. Co. F., 75th Regt, IV, 71. Coltrane, 1). B., Sergt. Co. I, 63d Regt., Ill, 545. Conley, James. 2d Lt. Co. F, 69th Regt, III, 729. Conley, R. T., 1st Lt. Co. F, 69th Regt, III, 729. Connally, John Kerr, Capt. Co. B., 21st, Regt., II, 129; Col. 55th Regt, III, 287. Connelly, H. W., 2d Lt. Co. C, 72d Regt, IV, 35. Cook, Charles B., 2d Lt. Co. H, Bethel Regiment, I, 69. Cook, Jonas, Capt. Co. H, 8th Regt., I, 387. Cook, Michael, Corporal Co. H, 8th Regt., I, 400. Cooke, C. XL, 1st Lt. and Acting Adjt 55th Regt., Ill, 287. Cooke, Jno. R., Col. 27th Regt, II, 425; Brig.-Gen., I, 3. Cooke, J. W., Capt. Commanding the Albemarle, V, 145, 299. Cooley, Jas. L., Corporal Co. G., 27th Regt., II, 425. Cooper, J. W., Capt. Co. H, 69th Regt., HI. 729. Cooper, Thomas W., 1st Lt. Co. C, 11th Regt, I, 592. Coughenour. XV. C, Capt. Co. K, 4th Regt, I, 256. Council, William B., Capt. Co. B, 65th Regt, III, 673. Cowan. John, Capt. Co. D, 3d Regt, I, 177. 722 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Cowan, R. H., Lt.-Col. 3d Regt, I, 177; Col. 18th Regt, II, 15. Cowan, Thomas, 1st Lt. Co. B, 3d Regt, IV, 455. Cowles, Xliles H., Adjutant 38th Regt, II, 675. Cowles, AV. II. H., Lt.-Col. 9th Regt., I, 417. Cox, AVilliam R., Col. 2d Regt., I, 157; Brig.-Gen., V, 3. Craig, A. C. Sergt, Co. H., 58th Regt, 111, 447. Craig, Clingman, 1st Sergt. Co. C, 11th Regt., I, 600. Craig, J. L., Private Co. H, 58th Regt., Ill, 447. Craige, Francis B., 1st Lt. Co. C, 33d Regt, II, 551. Craige, James A., Slajor 57th Regt., Ill, 405. Craige, Kerr, Capt. Co. I, 9th Regt., I, 445. Crawford, James E., Capt. Co. B, 42(1 Regt, II, 789. Crawford, R. R., Capt. Co. D, 42d Regt, II, 801. Crews, Alexander, 2d Lt. Co. G, 30th Regt, IV, 455. Crews, James A., Sergeant Co. E, 46th Regt., Ill, 71. Critcher, A. J., Capt. Co. B, 37th Regt., II, 653. Croom, AA'illiam, Private Co. C, 1st Regt., IX', 455. Cross, Jno. F., 1st Lt. Co. B, 5th Regt, V, 257. Crossen, Thos. SL, Capt. Ad-Vance, V, 341. Crowell, Jas. M., Capt. Co. K, 28th Regt, II, 481. Crump. E. H., Sergt. Co. H. 58th Regt, III, 447. Cumming, J. D., Capt. Co. C, 13th Battalion, IV, 341. Currie. J. D., 2d Lt. Co. K, 18th Regt., 11, 65. Currln, Geo. W., Private Co. K, 55th Regt., V, 309. Currin, Sam'l J., Private Co. B, 12th Regt., V, 265. Currin, XX'illiam, Private Co. I, 23d Regt., IV, 523. Curtis, John Henry, Sergt. Co. E, 13th Battalion, IX', 341. Curtis, W. A., Sergt Co. A, 19th Regt., II, 91. Dancy, John S., Capt. and A. Q. M. 17th Regt., IV, 527. Daniel, Geo. B., Capt. Co. F, 17th Regt, II, 7. Daniel, Junius, Col. 14th Regt., I, 705; Col. 45th Regt, III, 35; Brig.- Gen., I, 3. Daniel, Thomas B., Private Co. K, 55th Regt, III, 309. Daniel, W. C, 2d Lt. Co. F, 36th Regt, II, 647. Darden, Geo. F., 2d Lt. Co. K, 31st Regt., II, 507. Daves, Graham, 1st Lt. and Adjt. 22d Regt, II, 161. Davidson, Harvey H., Lt.-Col. 39th Regt, II, 699. Davidson, John Springs, Private Co. C, 10th Regt., IV, 221. Davidson, Richard A., Private Co. F, 63d Regt, V, 671. Davidson, Robt. A., Sergt. Co. F, 63d Regt, V, 671. Davidson, Wm. Lee, Lt.-Col. 7th Regt, IV, 465. Davis, Champ T. N., Col. 16th Regt, IV, 551. Davis, D. S., Maj. 66th Regt, III, 685. Davis, James T., Lt.-Col. 49th Regt, III, 125. Davis, Jos. J., Capt. Co. G, 47th Regt., IV, 561. Davis, L. St., Capt. Co. K, 5th Regt., I, 288. Davis, T. C, Sergt. Co. C, 40th Regt., II, 745. Dean, John H., Private Co. K, 55th Regt, III, 305. Denmark, Joel Jackson, 2d Lt. Co. A, 27th Regt., IV, 501. Denmark. J. XV., Drummer Co. A, 71st Regt, IV, 25. Denson, C. B., Capt. Co. E, 20th Regt, II, 111, 121; 2d Lt. Co. A, Engineer Corps, IV, 409. DeRossett, Stoses John, Surgeon 56th Regt, III, 313. DeRosset, Wm. Lord, Colonel 3d Regt, I, 177. DeVane, Duncan J.. Stajor 20th Regt, V, 257. Devane, W. S., Col. 61st Regt, III, 503. Devereux, John, Chief Quartermaster N. C, I, 23. Dewey, George S., Capt. Co. H, 9th Regt, I, 445. Dickerson, M. O., Capt. Co. C, 34th Regt., IX', 551. Dickerson. Robert Patton, 2d Lt. Co. C, 34th Regt, IV, 551. Dickson, D. D., Capt. Co. C, 55th Regt., Ill, 287. Dickson, W. W., 2d Lt. Co. A, 22d Regt, II, 161. Dixon,, B. V., Capt Co. G, 49th Regt, III, 144, f '->'[ Dowd, H. A., Col. 15th Regt, I. 733. Drake, XX'. C, Capt. Co. B, 30th Regt, II, 495. Dula, Aurelius J., Private Co. A, 22d Regt, II, 171. Durham, Cicero, Capt. and A. Q. SI. 49th Regt, III, 125. Durham, Plato, Capt. Co. E, 12th Regt., I, 605. Eakes. Albert, Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 305. Earnhardt, J. M., Sergt. Co. A, 11th Regt.. I, 600. Edwards, W. W., Private Co. E, 26th Regt, II, 371. Eller, J. F., Capt. Co. K, 53d Regt, III, 255. Ellington, J. C, 2d Lt. Co. C, 50th Regt., Ill, 161. Ellington, J. T., 1st Lt. Co. C, 50th Regt., Ill, 161. Elliott, Alexander, 2d Lt. Co. K, 51st Regt, III, 211. Elliott, Charles G., Capt. and A. A. G., IV, 527. Elliott, Gilbert, 1st Lt. and Adjt. 17th Index to Illustrations. 723 Regt, II, 1; Builder of Albemarle, V, 299. Elliott, Leroy S., Private Co. K, 52d Regt, III, 223. Ellis, John W., Gov. 1860-61, I, Fron tispiece. Ellis, Laban, Private Co. E, 26th Regt, II. 371. Ellixon, John P., Private Co. K, 55th Regt, III, 309. Ellixon, Robert B., Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 309. Erwin, John R., Capt. Co. F, 63d Regt, III, 545. Estes, Luke E., Private Co. E, 47th Regt, III, 91. Eudy, Stoses L., Capt. Co. D, 28th Regt, II, 473. Evans, Peter G., Colonel 63d Regt, III, 529. Fain, Jno. D., Capt. Co. C, 33d Regt, II, 551. Faircloth, W. T., Capt. and Ass't Q. St. 2d Regt., I, 157. Faison, E. L., 1st Lt. Co. A, 36th Regt., II, 647. Faison, Frank J., Lt.-Col. 20th Regt., V, 257. Faison, Paul F., Colonel 56th Regt, III, 313. Falls, T. D., (Promoted to 2d Lt. Co. C), 55th Regt, III, 299. Farrow, Isaac L., 2d Lt. Co. H, 33d Regt., II, 565. Farrow, Wilson T., 1st Lt. Co. H, 33d Regt, II. 551. Fatherly, Slatthew W., 1st Lt. Co. C, 56th Regt, III, 325. Faucett, Robert T., 1st Lt. Co. D, 56th Regt, III, 325. Ferebee, D. D., Col. 59th Regt., (4th Cav.), IV, 581. Ferguson, Garland S., 2d Lt. Co. F, 25th Regt, II, 297. Fisher, Chas. F., Col. 6th Regt, I, 293 Fitts', T. M., Capt. Co. B, 30th Regt, II, 495. Flemming, James Greenlee, 1st Lt. Co. C, 49th Regt., Ill, "ML I fl Flemming, John A., Lt.-Col. 49th Regt., Ill, 125. Flemming, S. F., Corporal Co. H, 63d Regt., Ill, 575. Floyd, John G., Sergt. Co. C, 11th Regt, I, 600. Foard, Jno. B., Private Co. H, 63d Regt, III, 575. Foard, N. P., Capt. Co. F, 9th Regt., I, 775. . Folger, Romulus S., Adjt. 28th Regt, II, 481. Folk, Geo. N., Capt. Co. D, 9th Regt, I, 775; Col. 65th Regt., Ill, 673. Forrester, Jno. T., 2d Lt. Co. F, 37th Regt., II, 653. Fowle, Daniel G., Lt.-Col. 31st Regt., II, 507; Adjt.-Gen., V, 5. Foy, W. G., 1st Lt. and Adjt. 21st Regt., II, 141. Frank, Bennett, Capt. Co. A, 23d Regt, II, 201. Frazier, F. C, 1st Lt. Co. A, 10th Batt, IV, 315. Frazier, Rhodes, Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 305. French, W. Foster, Lt.-Col. 72d Regt, IV, 35. Friedhiem, A., Corporal Co. K, 4th Regt., I, 270. Fuller. T. C, 1st Lt. Co. B, 13th Batt, IV, 341. Fulton, Saunders F., Lt.-Col. 21st Regt, II, 141. Furman, R. St., 2d Lt. Co. B, 71st Regt, IV, 25. Gaither, W. XV., Ass't Surgeon 26th Regt, II, 395. Galloway, John SL, Major 63d Regt, III, 529. Garrett, T. M., Col. 5th Regt, I, 281. Gatlin, R. C, Adjt.-Gen., V, 5; Brig.- Gen., I, 3. Giboon. Nicholas, Capt. A. C. S. 28th Regt, II, 465. Gibbon, Robert, Surgeon 28th Regt, II, 465. Gibbs, James W., 2d Lt. Co. F, 33d Regt, II, 565. Gibson, Robt. E., Private Co. D, 10th Regt., IV, 221. Gibson, Samuel B., 1st Lt. Co. K, 9th Regt., I, 445. Gilbert, L. XX'., Capt. Co. H, 58th Regt, III, 447. Gill.'W. P., 2d Lt. Co. G, 23d Regt., II, 221. Gillam, Francis, Sergt Co. C, 11th Regt, I, 600. Gilmer, J. E., Capt. Co. M, 21st Regt, II, 147. Gilmer, J. F., Maj.-Gen., V, 3. Godwin. A. C, Colonel 57th Regt, III, 405; Brig.-Gen., V, 3. Gordon, Jas. B., Col. 9th Regt., I, 417; Brig.-Gen., IV, 435. Grady, Lewis G., Private Co. A, 43d Regt, IV, 513. Graham, Jas. A., Capt. Co. G, 27th Regt, II, 425. Graham, John W., Major 56th Regt., Ill, 313; V, 175. Graham, Joseph, Capt. Co. C, 10th Regt, I, 489. Graham, Robert D., Capt. Co. D, 56th Regt, III, 325. Graham, W. A., Jr., Capt. Co. K, 19th Regt., II, 79. Grandy, C. W., Maj. Quartermaster, IV, 535. Graves, B. Y., Lt.-Col. 21st Regt, II, 141. Graves, W. G., Capt. Co. H, 56th Regt, III, 351. Green, Nicholas T., Private Co. E, 2"il Regt, II, 221. Green, Wm. G., Private Co. K, 55th Regt, IV, 563. Green, Wharton J., Lt.-Col. 2d Batt., IV, 243. Gregory, A. H., Capt. Co. D, 8th Regt, IV, 495. Gregory, Fred. W., Signal Officer "Su san Bierne," V, 353. Gregory, John T., Adjt. 12th Regt, I, 605. Gregory, N. A., 1st Lt. Co. I, 23d Regt., II, 221; Maj. 71st Regt, IV, 25. 724 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. Gregory, XV. H., 2d Lt. Co. B, 70th Regt, IV, 501. Grice, J. SI., Sergt. Co. C, 28th Regt, II, 477. Grigg, B. F., Capt. Co. F, 56th Regt, III, 325. Grimes, Bryan, Col. 4th Regt., I, 229; Slaj. -Gen., II, Frontispiece. Gudger. J. C. L., 1st Lt. and Adjt. 25th Regt, II, 291. Gwynn, XValter, Brig.-Gen., X'. 5. Hadlev, J. XL, Ass't Surgeon 4th Regt, I, 229. Haigh, Chas. T., 1st Lt. Co. B, 37th Regt., II, 653. Hale, E. J., Private Co. H, Bethel Regiment, I, 69; Adjt. 56th Regt., Ill, 313; Slaj., IV, 475. Hall, B. F., Sergt. Co. A, 43d Regt, III, 0. Hall, Jno. L., Private Co. K, 19th Regt., II, 91. Hancock, Richard D., 1st Lt. Co. K, 2d Regt., I, 168. Hand, XV. L., Capt. Co. A, 11th Regt., I, 592. Hanes, Spencer, 1st Lt. Co. E, 42d Regt, II, 801. Hanner, Orren A., 1st Lt. Co. E, 26th Regt, II, 395. Harden, J. D., Adjt. 39th Regt, II. 699. Hargrove, Tazewell, L.. Lt.-Col. 44th Regt., III. 21. Harper, G. XV. F., Slajor 58th Regt., Ill, 431. Harper, John XV., 2d Lt. Co. C, 72d Regt., IV, 35. Harper, S. F., Private Co. A, 22d Regt., II, 171. Harrell, J. N., Lt.-Col. 1st Regt., I, 135. Harrill. L., Capt. Co. I, 56th Regt., Ill, 351. Harris, Edwin A'., Capt. Co. E, 49th Regt., Ill, 125. Harris, Jno. L., Lt.-Col. 24th Regt., II, 269. Harris, J. S., Private Co. F, 63d Regt., Ill, 545. Harris, Wm. H., Private Co. I, 23d Regt. II, 221. Hart. James R., Sergeant Co. I, 23d Regt, II, 221. Hartgrove, XV. H., 1st Lt. Co. F, 25th Regt., II, 297. Hassell, Theodore, Lt. Co. A, 17th Regt., Acting Ord. Officer, IV, 535. Hayes, Jos. G., 1st Lt. Co. F, 5th Regt., I, 288. Haywood, E. Burke, Surgeon, IV, 623. Haywood, F. J., Jr., Adjt. 5th Regt, I, 288. Hedgpeth, Abram W., Corporal Co. G, '27th Regt, IV, 501. Hedrick, Jno. J., 'Col. 40th Regt., II, 745. Heflin, J. R., Capt. Co. E, 46th Regt., Ill, 63. Henderson, Leonard A., Capt. Co. F, 8th Regt., I, 387. Hester, Starion H., Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 309. Hicks, Lewis T., 2d Lt. Co. E, 20th Regt., II, 121. Hill, Daniel H., Col. Bethel Regt., I, 09; Lt-Gen., II, Frontispiece. Hill, Junius L., Lt.-Col. 7th Regt, I, 361. Hines, Peter E., Surgeon and Sledical Director, IV, 623. Hinsdale, John W., Col. 72d Regt., IV, 35. Hinton, James XV., Col. 68th Regt, HI, 713. Hobgood, James SL, Private Co. G, 30th Regt., II. 501. Hobson, Jas. SL, 2d Lt. Co. E, 2d Regt. IV, 455. Hodges, J. D., Private Co. H, 63d Regt., Ill, 575. Hodges, Lemuel, 3d Lt. Co. E, 20th Regt, II, 121. Hoke. J. F., Col. 23d Regt, II, 181;- Col. 73d Regt, IV, 65; Adjt.-Gen., V. 5. Hoke, R. F., Col. 21st Regt, II, 129; Slaj.-Geu., II, Frontispiece; V, 175. Holeman, Jas. A., Capt. Co. A, 24th Regt., II, 281. Holland, Gold G., Capt. Co. H, 28th Regt.. II, 473. Holland. J. Q., Capt. Co. C, 71st Regt., IV, 25. Holmes. T. H., Lt-Gen., II, Frontis piece. Holt, E. J., 1st Lt. Co. A, 75th Regt., IV, 71. Horner, J. H., Capt. Co. E, 23d Regt.r II, 201. Hoyle, L. J., 2d Lt. Co. I, 11th Regt., I, 592. Houck, Geo. AX'., Private Co. D, 6th Regt, I, 337. Huff, James T., Major 60th Regt, III, 473. Hughes, John, Capt. and Ass't Q. SI. 7th Regt, I, 361. Hughes, N. Colin, 1st Lt. and Adjt. 2d Regt., I, 168; Capt., A. A. G., IV, 555 Hughes, Paschal C, Slajor 39th Regt, II, 099. Hunt, James SI.. 1st Lt. Co. D, 33d Regt., II, 565. ' Hunt, J. SI. B., Capt. Co. B, 12th Regt, V, 265. Hunter, E. L., 1st Lt. Co. F, 36th Regt., II, 647. Hunter, Lueullus, Private Co. B, 70th Rest, TV, 9. Hurtt, D. W., Staj. 2d Regt., I, 157. Ihrie, R. R., Lt.-Col. 15th Regt., I, 733. Iredell, C. J., Capt. Co. E, 9th Regt., I, 445. Iredell, Campbell T., Capt. Co. C, 47th Regt, III, 83. Iredell, James J., Maj. 53d Regt., Ill, 255. Ireland, Jas. D., Private Co. E, 20th Regt.. V, 257. Ireland, John P., Capt. Co. D, 20th Regt, X', 257. James, R. Pryor, 1st Lt. Co. E, 20th Regt, II, 121. James, Samuel C, Capt. Co. D, 21st Regt, II. 147. Johnson, Chas. E., Surgeon-General,. IV, 623. Index to Illustrations. 725 Johnson, J. T., Col. 35th Regt., II, 591. Johnson, L. J., Slajor 17th Regt., II, 7; IV, 535. Johnson, P. J., Capt. Co. K, 35th Regt, II, 591. Johnston, Robert D., Col. 23d Regt., II, 181; Brig.-Gen., II, 727; IV, 521. Johnston, William, Capt. Co. H, 57th Regt, III, 405. Johnston, XVilliam, Col., Commissary General N. C, X', 463. Johnston, William A., Lt.-Col. 14th Regt, I, 705. Joines, Slajor F., 2d Lt. Co. D, 33d Regt, II, 565. Jones, A. G., Orderly Sergt. Co. K, 63d Regt, V, 671. Jones, Halcott P., 1st Lt. Co. E, 13th Battalion, IV, 341. Jones, Hamilton C, Col. 57th Regt., Ill, 405. Jones, J. B., Private Co. A, 1st Batt. Sharpshooters, IV, 523. Jones, J. G., 1st Lt. Co. D, 26th Regt., II, 395. Jones, Jno. G., Col. 35th Regt, II, 591. Jones, J. T., Lt.-Col. 26th Regt, II, 303. Jones, J. Willie, 2d Lt. Co. I, 47th Regt, III, 91. Jones, Thos. D.. Capt. Co. A, 22d Regt, II, 161. Jones, Samuel C, 1st Lt. Co. I, 9th Regt, I, 775. Jones, William Hogan, Slajor 48th Regt, III, 113. Jordan, Jas. B., 1st Lt. and Adjt. 26th Regt., II, 302. Jordan, J. V., Col. 31st Regt., II, 507. Justice, James, Sergt. Co. G, 16th Regt, IV, 551. Justice, Jno. G., 1st Lt. and Adjt. 33d Regt., II, 565. Kearney. H. C, 1st Lt. Co. E, 15th Regt., I, 733. Kelly, S. A., Capt. Co. G, 4th Regt., I, 256. Kellv. Wm. F., Capt. Co. G, 4th Regt., I, 256. Kenan, James G., Capt. Co. A, 43d Regt, III, 1. Kenan, Thos. S., Col. 43d Regt., Ill, 1. Kenan. XX'm. R., 2d Lt. and Adjutant 43d Regt, III, 1. Kennedy, Slilton F., Chaplain 28th Regt.. II. 465. Kincaid, W. J., Capt. Co. D, 11th Regt, I, 592. King, J. A., 2d Lt. Co. B, 56th Regt., III. 371. King. Joseph H., Private Co. C. 11th Regt., I, 600. King. W. XV., 1st Lt. Co. A, 72d Regt., IV, 35. Kirby, Edmund, Lt.-Col. 58th Regt., Ill, 447. Kirby, Geo. L., Surgeon, 2d Regt, I, 157. Kirkland, William XV., Col. 21st Regt., II. 141; Brig.-Gen., IV, 535: II, 727. Kirkpatrick, James, Private Co. A, 63d Regt., Ill, 529. Kitchin, W. H., Capt. Co. I, 12th Regt., I, 605. Koontz, Jacob H., Capt. Co. A, 423 Regt, II, 801. Knott, James C, Co. K, 55th Regt, III, 305. Knott, Lawson, 1st Corporal Co. G, 30th Regt., II, 501. Knox, Ben Allen, Sergt. Co. B, 4th Regt., I, 270. Lacv, Drury, Adjutant 43d Regt., Ill, 1. Lacy, AA'm. S., Chaplain 47th Regt., IV, 597. Lamb, Jno. C, Lt.-Col. 17th Regt., II, 1. Lamb, William, Colonel, V, 351. Lamb, Robt. W., Capt. and Assistant Q. SI. 36th Regt., II, 629. Lamb. Wilson G., 2d Lt. Co. F, 17th Regt., II, 1. Lane, Barna, Capt. Co. E, 24th Regt, II, 269. Lane, James H., Slaj. Bethel Regt, I, 69; Col. 28th Regt, II, 465; Brig.- Gen., I, 3; IV, 475. Lane, Jno. R., Col. 26th Regt, II, 303, 405. Lane, Thos. B., Assistant Surgeon 28th Regt, II, 481. Lane, Wm. P., 2d Lt. Co. D, 67th Regt., Ill, 703. Lankford, W. C, Lt.-Col. 47th Regt, III, 83. Latham, L. C, Major 1st Regt, I, 135. Latimore, T. D., 2d Lt. Co. F, 34th Regt, II, 581. Latta, Henry C, 2d Lt. Co. E, 46th Regt.. Ill, 71. Lawhon, AA'. H. H., Capt. Co. D, 48th Regt., Ill, 113. Laws, William Addison, Private Co. E, 23d Regt, IV, 523. Lea. John W., Col. 5th Regt, I, 281. Leak, J. XV., Lt.-Col. 23d Regt, II, 181. Leazar, A., 1st Lt. Co. G, 42d Regt, II, 801. Leazer, John Calhoun, Hospital Stew ard 42d Regt., IV, 591. Lea, Thos. L., Capt. Co. G, 70th Regt., IV. 9. Lehman, Oliver J., Slusician 33d Regt, IV, 591. Leventhorpe, Collett, Colonel 11th Reg.., I, 583: Brig.-Gen., V, 3, 5. Lewis, D. AV.. 2d Lt. Co. D, 59th Regt., Ill, 455. Lewis. AV. Gaston. Lt.-Col. 43d Regt, III, 1; X', 175; Brig.-Gen., V, 3. Lieutenant Generals from N. C. Com missioned by C. S. A., II. Frontis piece. Lillv, Thomas. Capt. Co. K, 26th Regt, II. 395. Linebarger, T. James, Capt. Co. C, 28th Regt. II, 473. Litaker, James F., 1st Lt. Co. F, 57th Regt. Ill, 405. Little, Calvin A., Corporal Co. E, 32d Regt., II, 521. Little. J. P., 1st Lt. and Ensign Co. C. 28th Regt., II, 481. Lloyd, Richard A., Private Co. B, 12th Regt.. V, 205. Lockhart, Joseph G., Capt. Co. E, 56th Regt., Ill, 371. 726 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Lockhart, Levi Y., Sergt. Co. K, 19th Regt, II, 91. Lockhart, Jno. P., Capt. Co. K, 19th Regt., II, 91. Lockhart, John S., 1st Lt. Co. B, 6th Regt, IV, 525. London, H. A., Courier Co. I, 32d Regt., II, 521. London, W. L., Capt. Co. I, 32d Regt, II, 521. Long, J. A., Orderly Sergeant 24th Regt, II, 281. Love, Dillard L., 1st Lt. Co. A, 16th Regt., I, 751. Love, James Robert, Capt. Co. A, 16th Regt., I, 751; Col. 69th Regt, III, 729 Lcvei R. G.A.,Col. 62d Regt, III, 515. Love, Thaddeus D., Maj. 24th Regt, II, 269. Lovell, E. F., Capt. Co. A, 28th Regt, II, 473. Lowe, Samuel D., Col. 28th Regt, II. 465. Lowe, Milton A., 1st Lt. Co. A, 28th Regt., II, 477. Lowrance, W. B., Capt. 34th Regt., II, 581. Lucas, Wilson H., 1st Lt. Co. A, 33d Regt., II, 565. Ludwig, H. T. J., Drummer 8th Regt., I, 400. Ludwig, M. P. A., Drummer Co. F, 71st Regt, IV, 25. Luke, G. G., Lt.-Col. 56th Regt, III, 313. Lunsford, Nathan, Private, Co. B, 6th Regt, IV, 525. Luria, A. St., 2d Lt. Co. I, 23d Regt., IV, 523. Lusk, V. S., Capt. Co. I, 65th Regt., Ill, 673. Lutterloh, Jarvis B., 1st Lt. Co. E, 56th Regt, III, 371. Lynch, John E., 1st Lt. Co. A, 66th Regt.. Ill, 685. Lyon, Elkanah E., Capt. Co. A, 44th Regt., HI, 21. Lyon, John B.. 2d Lt. Co. C, 56th Regt., Ill, 325. SlacRae, XX'm., Col. 15th Regt, I, 733; Brig.-Gen., IX", 435, 555. Staffitt, Jno. X.. Commander, X", 299, 353. Maglenn. Jas., Chief Engineer, V, 341. Stajor-Generals from N. C. Commis sioned by C. S. A., II, Frontispiece; V, 3. Mangum, A. W., Chaplain 6th Regt., IV, 597. Stangum, Wm. Preston, 2d Lt. Co. B, 6th Regt., I. 337. Stanly, Basil C. Slajor 10th Regt, I, 489. Slartin. A. H., Capt. Co. G, 54th Regt, IV, 525. Martin. James G., Brig.-Gen., I, 3; IV. 527: Adjt.-Gen. of N. C. V, 5. Slartin, W. A., Private Co. C, 28th Regt.', II, 477. Slartin, XVm. F., Col. 17th Regt., II, 1. Martin, XV. J., Colonel 11th "Regt, I, 583. Mast, D. P., 2d Lt. Co. D, 9th Regt., 1, 775. Maultsby, Samuel W., Capt. Co. H, 51st Regt, III, 211. Xlauney, XV. A., Com. Sergt 28th Regt, II, 477. Staxwell, David G., Capt. Co. H, 35th Regt., II, 591. Mayhew, Thos. W., Major 33d Regt, II, 537. StcAllister, A. C, Lt.-Col. 46th Regt, lit, 63. StcAllister, Harvey C, 1st Lt. Co. H, 8th Regt, I, 387. McArthur, Joseph A., 1st Lt. Co. I, 51st Regt, III, 211. McDonald, D. M., 2d Lt. Co. B, 56th Regt, III, 371. McDonald, Wm. J., Private Co. B, 56th Regt, III, 371. XlcDougal, Geo. C, Chief Engineer, V, 353. SIcEachern, Hector, 1st Lt. Co. D, 51st Regt, III, 211. McEaehern, Robert J., Capt. Co. D, 51st Regt, III, 205. SIcElroy, Jno. W., Brig.-Gen., V, 5. SieElroy, J. S., Col. 16th Regt, IV, 551. McGimpsey, J. L., Private Co. B, 72d Regt., IV, 35. SIcIver, J. D., Capt. Co. H, 26th Regt., II, 395. SIcIver, J. D., Sergt. Co. A, 21st Regt., II, 147. McKethan, E. T., 1st Lt. Co. K, 51st Regt., Ill, 211. McKethan, Hector, Colonel 51st Regt, III, 205. SlcKinne, D. E., Capt. Co. A, 71st Regt, IV, 25. SIcLauchlin, Jas. C, Capt. Co. K, 26tb Regt., II, 395. SIcLaurin, Wm. H., 1st Lt. and Adjt. 18th Regt, II, 15. McNeill, J. H., Col. 63d Regt., Ill, 529. XIcNeely, J. F., Capt. Co. K, 56th Regt., Ill, 351. XIcNeely, XVm. Richmond, 1st Lt. Co. A, 4th Regt, I, 270. SIcRae, Duncan K., Col. 5th Regt., I, 281. Xleans, Paul B., Private Co. F, 63d Regt, III, 545. Slebane, C. St., 1st Lt. and Adit 6th Regt, I, 293. Sleares, Gaston, Col. 3d Regt., I, 177. Xlercer, Oliver E., 2d Lt. Co. G, 20th Regt., V, 257. Stetts, James I., Capt. Co. G, 3d Regt, I. 177. Stiller, Alex., Lt.-Col. 21st Regt., II, 141. Sliller. Eli H., Lt.-Col. 34th Regt., II, 581. Sliller, J. H., Capt. Co. A, 21st Regt., Sliller, Jno. AV., Capt. Co. D, 21st Regt., II, 147. Sliller, J. S. R., Capt. Co. H., 1st Regt, IV, 455. Slills, Joseph C, Capt. Co. G, 33d Regt. II 551 Slills, Otis P., Capt. Co. G, 56th Regt, III, 351. Slinor, Richard X'., 1st Lt. Co. E, 23d Regt., II, 221. Index to Illustrations. (27 Mitchell, Jas. E., Private Co. C, 11th Regt., I, 600. Moffitt, E. A., 2d Lt. Co. H, 44th Regt., Ill, 29. Moore, Edwin G., Private Co. A, 24th Regt, II, 281. Moore, E. L., Sergeant Co. E, 58th Regt, III, 447. Moore, George B., Sergt. Co. C, 47th Regt, III, 91. Moore, George G., Private Co. E, 35th Regt., IV, 569. Moore, Isaac J., Private Co. G, 61st Regt, IV, 495. Moore, J. D., Private Co. F, 26th Regt, II, 371. Moore, Junius P., Chaplain 24th Regt., II, 269. Sloore, Slartin V., Capt. and A. Q. M. 65th Regt., Ill, 673. Moore, Roger, Lt.-Col. 41st Regt., II, 767. Moore, Theo. W., Chaplain 23d Regt., II, 181. Sloore, XV. SI. B., Capt. Co. F, 30th Regt, II, 495. Morehead, James T., Col. 53d Regt, III, 255. Morehead, J., Henry, Col. 45th Regt, III, 35. Slorehead, J. Turner, Adjt, 1st Lt. 63d Regt., Ill, 529. Morgan, John A., 1st Lt. Co. A, 1st Regt, I, 135. Morris, B. T., Capt. Co. E, 64th Regt, III, 659. Morrow, E. Graham, Capt, Co. G, 28th Regt, II, 473. Slorse, C. C, Pilot of Ad-Vance, V, 353 Mull,' P. SL, Capt. Co. F, 55th Regt, III, 291. Murchison, John R., Col. 8th Regt., I, 387. Murchison, K. SL, Col. 54th Regt, III, 207. Sfurphy, Robt. J., Capt. Co. A, 36th Regt, II, 647. Murphy, XV. F., Capt. Co. K, 51st Regt., HI, 205. Myers, J. D., Capt. Co. K, 67th Regt, III, 703. Nance, Carroll F., 1st Sergt. Co. I, 63d Regt, V, 671. Newsom, J. D., 2d Lt. Co. I, 47th Regt, III, 91. Nicholson, Edward A. T., 2d Lt. Co. E, 37th Regt, II, 653; Captain and Inspector General, IV, 521. Nicholson, XVm. T., Capt. Co. E, 37th Regt, II, 653. Nissen, George E., Sergt. Co. B, 1st Batt. Sharpshooters, IV, 225. Norfleet. Slarmaduke XV., 2d Lt. Co. C, 47th Regt, IV, 561. Norman, XV. XL, Capt. Co. A, 2d Regt., I, 157. Norwood, Jno. W., 1st Sergt. Co. C, 25th Regt., IT, 297. Norwood, Thos. Hill, Capt. Co. H, 44th Regt. Ill, 21. Nott, James D., 2d Lt. Co. A, 63d Regt.. Ill, 529. O'Briant, Jno. R., Private Co. E, 23d Regt., IV, 523. Osborne, E. A., Col. 4th Regt., I, 229. Outlaw, E. R., Capt. Co. C, 11th Regt, I, 583. Overman, W. H., Capt. Co. B, 71st Regt, IV, 25. Oxford, Sion H., Ensign 22d Regt., II, 171. Paddison, J. R., Private Co. A, 61st Regt, IV, 495. Paddison, Richard P., Hospital Stew ard 61st Regt, III, 503. Palmer, Horace, Private Co. C, 12th Regt., I, 624. Palmer, John B., Col. 58th Regt, III, 431. Palmer, X'alentine J., 1st Lt. Co. F, 56th Regt., Ill, 325. Paris, John, Rev., Chaplain 45th Regt, III, 267. Parker, F. St., Col. 30th Regt, II, 495. Parker, W. F., 2d Lt. Co. F, 75th Regt, IV, 71. Parker, W. R., Private Co. A, 27th Regt., IV, 501. Parks, Oliver T., Capt. Co. D, 33d Regt., II, 551. Parrish, W. K., Capt. Co. B, 6th Regt, IV, 525. Parslev, Wm. St., Lt.-Col. 3d Regt, I, 177. Patterson, Frank, Surgeon, 2d Bat talion, IX', 243. Patterson, Geo., Chaplain 3d Regt, I, 177. Patterson, Robt. D., 2d Lt. Co. G, 27th Regt., II, 425. Payne, Chas. St., 2d Lt. Co. K, 56th Regt., IV, 569. Peace, Abner D., Capt. Co. E, 23d Regt, II, 201. Pearson, Charles XV., Capt. Co. H, 63d Regt, III, 575. Peebles, Robt. B., Adjt. 35th Regt., II, 591. Peed, Wm. C, Private Co. D, 30th Regt., II, 501. Pender, W. D., Col. 6th Regt, I, 293; Slaj. -Gen., II, Frontispiece. Penny, Chas. H., 2d Lt. Co. B, 66th Regt., Ill, 685. Penny, Wm. H., Private Co. I, 41st Regt, (3d Cav.) IV, 581. Perry, Daniel R., 1st Lt. Co. B, 36th Regt., II, 629. Perry, Thos. L., 1st Lt. Co. E, 4th Regt, IX', 455. Pearson. Jesse H., 1st Lt. Co. E, 9th Regt, I, 445. Pettigrew, J. Johnston, Col. 22d Regt, II, 161; Brig.-Gen., I, 3; IV, 555. Pettit. John R., Private Co. F, 75t> Regt, (7th Cav.), IV, 581. Pfohl, W. J., Slaj. 21st Regt, II. 141. Phlfer, Edward, 1st Lt. Co. K, 49th Regt, III, 141. Phifer, George L., Capt. Co. K, 49th Regt, III, 141. Polk, L. L.. Sergt-Slajor 26th Regt., II, 371; 2d Lt. Co. I, 43d Regt, III, 9. Powell, C. S., 2d Lt. Co. E, 24th Regt, II, 281; Adjt. and 1st Lt, 10th Bat talion, IV, 315. Powell, O. H., Capt. Co. E, 36th Regt, II, 647. 728 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Powers, L. E., 2d Lt. Co. A, 21st Regt, II, 129. Price, Joseph, Commander of the "Neuse," V, 463. Puryear, Hal. S., 1st Lt, Aide-de- Camp ou Clingman's Staff, IV, 481. Radcliffe, James D., Col. 61st Regt, III, 503. Ragland, Jas. SL, Private Co. E, 46th Regt., IV, 501. Ragland, Jno. H., Private Co. E, 46th Regt., IV, 501. Rains, Gabriel J., Brig.-Gen., V, 3. Ramsav, John A., Capt. Co. D, 10th Regt., I, 489. Ramsay, J. A., Private Co. B, 19th Regt., Color-bearer, IV, 581. Ramseur, S. D., Col. 49th Regt, III, 12.j; Slajor. -Gen., II, Frontispiece. Ramsey, N. A., Capt. Co. D, 61st Regt, III, 503. Ranev, Chas. W., Private Co. B, 12th Regt., V, 265. Raney, Geo. H., Private Co. B, 12th Regt, V, 265. Ranking N. P., Capt. Co. I, 63d Regt., Ill, 545; Slaj. 26th Regt., II, 303. Rankin, Samuel C, Capt. Co. B, 45th Regt, III, 35. Ransom, St. XV., Col. 35th Regt., II, 591; Brig.-Gen., II, 727; X', 175. Ransom, Robert, Colonel 9th Regt., I, 417; Major-Gen., II, Frontispiece. Rawlev, T. L., 1st Lt. Co. K, 13th Regt, I, 653. Rav, David S.. 1st Lt. Co. D, 56th Regt, III, 325. Ray, James XL, Lt.-Col. 60th Regt, III, 473. Rav, X. XX'., Capt. Co. D, 6th Regt., I, 337. Reese. Randolph II. . Capt. Co. H, 19th Regt, II, 79. Reid. D. S., 2d Lt. Co. K, 72d Regt., IV, 35. Reid, Jas. Rufus.. 1st Lt. Co. C, 4th Regt, I, 270. Rice, Stephen AV., Co. B, 19th Regt., IV, 581. Rich, Nathaniel Green, Private Co. H, III, 575. Rhineheart, Xlichael C. Private Co. H, 8th Regt., I. 400. Rhodes, Edward A., 2d Lt. Co. C, 11th Regt., I, 592. Rhodes, John Thomas, 1st Sergt. Co. B, 27th Regt.. IV. 501. Rhvne, R. D., Capt. Co. B, 28th Regt., II, 473. Rivenbark, C. XV.. Sergt. Co. C, 1st Regt., IX', 455. Roach. J. A., S^rgt. Co. E, -45 1 li Regt., Ill, 35. Roberts, Frank X.. Capt. Co. B, 50th Regt. III. 371. Roberts. XV. T.. Col. 19th Regt. II, 99: Brig.-Gen.. IV. 435. Robertson, A. C. Orderly Sergt. Co. G, 56th Regt. III. 351. Robeson. Evander X.. 1st Lt. Co. K, 18th Regt, II, 15. Robinson, Jas. Ferdinand. Private Co. A, 12th Regt., I. 624. Rockwell, H. P., Capt, A. Q. XI. 51st Regt., Ill, 205. Rodman, XVm. B., Capt. Co. C, 40th Regt., II, 745. Rogers, B. F., 2d Lt. Co. E, 71st Regt, IV, 25. Rogers, J. Rowan, 2d Lt. Co. I, 47th Regt, III, 91. Rogers, Sion H., Colonel 47th Regt, III, 83. Rose, F. R., Private Co. A, 63d Regt, III, 529. " Ross, Egbert A., Slajor 11th Regt., I, 583 Roulhac, Thos. R., 1st Lt. Co. D, 49th Regt, III, 141. Royall, AA'illiam, Chaplain 55th Regt, III, 287. Royster, Iowa St., 2d Lt. Co. G, 37th Regt, II, 653. Royster, Thos. D., Private Co. D, 12th Regt., V, 265. Royster, Wm. Ellis, Corporal Co. K, 55th Regt, III, 305. Russell, R. G., 2d Lt. Co. E, 54th Regt, III, 267. Rutledge, Henry St., Col. 25th Regt., II, 291. Sanders, J. W., 1st Lt. Co. H, 10th Regt., I, 489. Sanford, Jno. T., Private Co. I, 23d Regt., II, 221. Sanford, Jas. R., Private Co. D, 10th Regt.. IX', 591. Sanford, Robt. F., Private Co. K, 55th Regt, IV, 563. Sanford, Tlios. H., Private Co. K, 55th Regt, IX', 563. Satterfield, E. Fletcher, Capt. Co. H, 55th Regt, III, 299. Satterthvtaite. Joseph XL, Private Co. A. 44th Regt., Ill, 29. Saunders. Joseph H., Lt.-Col. 33d Regt., II. 537. Saunders, XV. L., Col. 46th Regt, III. 63. Savage, J. Y„ 1st Lt. Co. G, 41st Regt, II, 769. Savilles, T. P., Capt. Co. A, 56th Regt., Ill, 371. Scales, Alfred St., Col. 13th Regt., I, 653; Brig.-Gen., II, 727. Scarborough. J. C, Sergt. Co. I, 1st Regt., I, 135. Schenck. H. F., Slajor 56th Regt, III, 313. Severs, Henry C. Private Co. K, 4th Regt, I, 270. Shaffner, J. F., Chief Surgeon 4th Regt., I, 229. Shaw. Elias F., Lt.-Col. 63d Regt, V, 671. Shaw. H. SL, Colonel 8th Regt, I, 387. Sbelton, S. J.. 1st Lt. Co. C, 25th Regt., II, 297. Shepherd, J. XX'., 1st Lt. Co. K, 56th Regt.. III. 351. Sherrill. Jas. Albert, Private, Co. A, 12th Regt., I, 624. Sherrill, Sliles O.. Orderly Sergt. Co. A, 12th Regt, I. 624. Sigmon, A. SL, Private Co. K, 7th Regt, I, 361. Silver, S. SL. Lt.-Col. 58th Regt, III, 447. Simonton. A. K, Slaj. 4th Regt, IV, 443. Index to Illustrations. 729 Sims, J. SL, Private Co. C, Bethel Regt., I, 69; Sergt. Co. A, 11th Regt I„ 600. Sinclair, P. J., Lt.-Col. 5th Regt, I, 281 Skinner, T. L., Slajor 1st Regt, I, 135. Sloan. George, Capt. Co. I, 51st Regt., Ill, 205. Slough. Nelson, Lt.-Col. 20th Regt, II, 111. Smith. Alex. E., Sergt. Co. F, 18th Regt., II, 15. Smith, Benj. G.. Capt. Co. G, 41st Regt., (3d Cav.), IV, 581. Smith, "Benj. Rush, Capt. Co. G, 6th Regt, I, 337. Smith, Christopher C, 1st Lt. Co. A, 70th Regt., IX', 9. Smith, Norfleet, 1st Lt. Co. G, 41st Regt.. II. 769. Smith. P. A., Capt. Co. A, 20th Regt, II, 111. Smith. Thomas St.. Slajor 45th Regt, III, 35. Smith, XX'. A.. Private Co. C, 14th Regt.. IX', 455. Smith. W. H., Capt. Co. G, 41st Regt, (3d Cav.), IV, 581. Smoot, Scott, Private Co. H, III, 575. Snelling, Wm. N.. 2d Lt. Co. D, 26th Regt, II. 371. Snow. Geo. H., 1st Lt. Co. H, 33d Regt.. II, 565. Southerland, R. J., Sergeant Co. A, 43d Regt, III, 9. Speed. Thos. H.. 1st Sergt Co. I, 55th Regt, IV, 563. Speer. W. H. A., Lt.-Col. 28th Regt., II, 465. Spriugs, A. A.. Private Co. B, 53d Regt., IX', 513. Sprunt, Jas.. Purser, XT. 353. Staley, R. SL. 1st Lt. Co. F. 37th Regt. II. 653. Stanford, Richard A., Private Co. H, 24th Regt., IV, 569. Stansill, J. F., Stajor 4th Regt. I, 229. Starke, L. D.. Capt. and Acting In spector General. IX', 527. Starr. J. B.. Lt.-Col. Bethel Regt.. I. 69; Lt.-Col., 13th Battalion, IV, 341. Stegall. Isaac H.. 1st Sergt. Co. A, 31st Regt.. II. 507. Stedman. R. W.. 2d Lt. Co. A. (fa mous scoutl, 44th Regt, III. 29; Private Co. D. 61st Regt.. III. 503. Stevenson. J. SI.. Major 36th Regt. II. 629. Stewart. John AValter. 2d Lt. Co. F. 18th Rogt.. II. 65. Stewart. Lawrence, 1st Lt. Co. F, 18th Regt. II, 65. Stinson. James B., Courier 4th Regt. TV. 443. Stitt. Wm. Edw., Capt. Co. B. 43d Regt. IA', 513. Stikeleather. John A.. Ensign Co. A. 4th Regt, I, 270. Stronach, A. B.. Private Co. B. 13th Battalion. IV. 341. Stockton. F. D., Adit. 7th Regt, IX', 465. Stoddard, A. H.. 1st Lt. and A. D. C. to Gen. Kirkland. IV, 535. Stokes, SI. S., Colonel 1st Regt, I, 135. Stoner, W. F., Private Co. A, 54th Regt, IV, 525. Stough, A. L., Chaplain ' 37th Regt, IV, 397. Stovall, Chas, Private Co. K, 55th Regt, III, 309. Stovall, John Wm., Private Co. H, 24th Regt, IV, 569. Stradley, J. H., Capt. Co. H, 29th Regt., II, 485. Street, S. R., Corporal Co. K, 2d Regt., I, 168. Street, W. J., 2d Lt. Co. K, 2d Regt, I, 168. Stringtield, AV. W., Lt.-Col. 69th Regt., Ill, 729. Summers, Jas. A., Capt Co. A, 33d Regt, II, 537. Sutton, Lewis B., 2d Lt. Co. F, 59th Regt. Ill, 455. Tait, Geo., Lt.-Col. 40th Regt., II, 745; Colonel 79th Regt., IV, 109. Tanner, C. P., 2d Lt. Co. I, 56th Regt.. Ill, 351. Tate, Sam SlcD., Lt.-Col. 6th Regt., I 293 Taium.'p. A.. Capt. Co. F, 19th Regt., II, 99. Taylor. C. W., Orderly Sergt. Co. C, 72d Regt., IA'. 35. Taylor, Simon B., Lt.-Col. 35th Regt., II. 591. Taylor, AA'. B.. Corporal Co. C, Bethel Regt.. I. 69; 2d Lt. Co. A, 11th Regt., I, 592. Terry, Stephen O., Sergt. Co. K, 19th Regt, II. 91. Tew. Chas. <"'., Colonel 2d Regt., I, Thomas. J. J.. Capt.. A. Q. SI. 47tb Regt. III. 83. Thomas. Robert XV.. Capt. Co. K, 55th Regt.. III. 291. Thomas, Wiley P., 2d Lt. Co. A, 65th Regt. III. 673. Thomas. XX'illiam H., Colonel 69th Regt.. TIL 729. Thomasson. C. R., Private Co. E, 46th Regt, III, 71. Thompson. D. Slatt, Private Co. F, 19th Regt.. IX', 581. Thompson. Geo. S., Capt., A. Q. St. 28th Regt.. II, 465. Thompson, Jas. X'.. Private Co. A, 10th Regt. IV, 221. Thompson, John A.. 1st Lt. Co. G, 48th Regt. III. 113. Thorp. Benjamin P.. Private Co. K, 55th Regt.. III. 309. Thorp. John H., Private Co. A, Bethel Regt. T, 100; Capt. Co. A, 47th Regt.. Ill, S3. Throneburg, SI. A., 1st Lt. Co. C, 2Sth Regt. II, 481. Throneburg, St. SL. 2d Lt. Co. C, 28th Regt. II. 4S1. Tidwell. W. B., Capt. Co. A, 19th Regt., II, 91. Tilley. James D.. Private Co. B, 6th Regt, IX'. 525. Tobey. F. A., Capt. Co. A, 58th Regt., III. 431. Todd. J. AV.. 1st Lt. Co. D, 9th Regt., I. 775. 730 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Todd, W. H., 1st Lt. Co. C, 11th Regt, I, 592. Toms, SL C, Capt. Co. A, 60th Regt., Ill, 473. Toon, Thos. F., Colonel 20th Regt, II, 111; Brig.-Gen., IV, 435, 521. Tracy, James Wright, Surgeon 14th Regt, I, 705. Tredwell, Adam, Paymaster, X', 463. Troy, Robt. Preston, Capt. Co. G, 46th Regt, III, 63. Troy, Thomas, Lt, Co. G, 46th Regt., Ill, 71. Tucker, R. S., Capt. Co. I, 41st Regt, II, 767. Turner, H. G., Capt. Co. H, 23d Regt, II, 201. Torner, J. McLeod, Lt.-Col. 7th Regt., IV, 465. Turner, James N., Capt. Co. D, 19th Regt, II, 79. Turner, L. C, Sharpshooter 28th Regt, II, 477. Turner, V. E., Capt., Quartermaster 23d Regt, II, 201. Turner, XV. G., 2d Lt. Co. E, 6th Regt, I, 337. Turner, Walter S., Private Co. F. 3i Regt, IV, 455. Tuttle, John, Sergt. Co. F, 26th Regt, II, 371. Tuttle, R. SL, Capt. Co. F, 26th Regt., II, 341. X'anBokkelen, John F. S., Capt. Co. D, 3d Regt., I, 177. Vanhook, John C, Lt.-Col. 50th Regt., Ill, 161. Vanee, R. B., Col. 29th Regt, II, 485; Brig.-Gen., II, 727. Vance. Zebulon B., Col. 26th Regt.. II, 303, 405. Waddell, A. M., Lt.-Col. 41st Regt, II, 767. Waddell, Jas. I, 1st Lt. "Shenan doah," V. 299. Wagg, Samuel P., Capt. Co. A, 26th Regt., II, 341. Walker, H. J., Co. B, 13th Regt, IX', 405. Walker, Jos. SL, 1st Lt. Co. I, 56th Regt., Ill, 351. Walker, James SL, 1st Lt. Co. C. 48th Regt., IV, 501. Walker, J. R. B., Private Co. B. 56th Regt., IV, 569. Walker. L. J., Co. B, 13th Regt., IX'. 405. Walkup, Samuel H., Colonel 48th Regt, III, 113. Waller, Christopher, Private Co. I, 63d Regt, III, 545. Waters. A. G., Capt. Co. F, 34th Regt. II, 581. Warren, H. XL, Capt. Co. F.. 4th Regt.. I, 256. Washington, Sam'l P., Private Co. I, 63d Regt., X', 671. XX'atson. A. A., Chaplain 2d Regt., IX'. 597. Watson, C. B., Sergt. Co. K, 45th Regt. Ill, 35. Weaver, James T., Lt.-Col. 60th Regt, II, 473. Webb. Joseph C, Lt.-Col. 27th Regt., II, 425. XX'ebb, Lewis H., Capt. Co. A, 13th Battalion, IV, 341. Webb, R. F., Colonel 6th Regt, I, 293 AVebb, R. S., Chaplain 44th Regt, IV, 597 AVelch, A. L., Sergt. Co. A, 80th Regt., IV, 117. Welch, W. Pinck, 1st Lt. Co. C, 25th Regt, II, 291. Welch, AVm. T., 2d Lt. Co. F, 69th Regt, III, 729. XVells. J. D., 1st Lt. Co. F, 4th Regt, I, 270. West, Geo. Spencer, Private Co. K, 55th Regt, IV, 563. XX'est, XV. O., Private Co. K, 55th Reg't, IV, 563. Weston, James A., Major 33d Regt., II, 537. XVestrav, Geo. W., 1st Lt. Co. A, 47th Regt., Ill, 83. Westrav, Thomas, 2d Lt. Co. A, 47th Regt, III, 91. Wharton, R. W., Capt. Co. E, 21st Regt., II, 129; Slajor 1st Batt. Sharp shooters, IX', 225; Lt.-Col. 67th Regt., Ill, 703. AX'heeler, Columbus C, Private Co. I, 63d Regt, III, 545. Wheeler, Woodbury, Capt. Co. D, 10th Batt., IX', 315. AA'hitaker, Spier, 1st Lt. and Adjt. 33d Regt, II, 551. XX'hitaker, T. L., Sergt Co. I, Bethel Regt., and 1st Lt. Co. D, 24th Regt., IV, 569. AVhite, A. P., Capt. Co. C, 56th Regt, III, 325. White, B. F., Capt. Co. F, 6th Regt, I, 337. White, J. Harvev, Capt. Co. B, 53d Regt., Ill, 255. AA'hite, Jno.. Commissioner to Eng land, V, 341. AVhitehead, H. G., Capt. Co. E, 55ti Regt, III, 291. AA'hitehead, James S., Slajor 55th Regt., Ill, 291. AVhitfield, Geo. F., Col. 27th Regt, II, 425. AA'hitford. John N., Col. 67th Regt, III, 703. AVhiting. AV. H. C, Slajor. -Gen., II, Frontispiece; A', 351. AA'hitley. J. A.. Sergeant Co. E. 55tb Regt, III, 266. AVhitlock, L. T., 1st Lt. Co. C, 21st Regt. II. 147. AVhitworth Gun, X". 351. AA'iggins, Octavius A.. 1st Lt. Co. E, 37th Regt, II, 653. AA'ilcox. Geo.. 1st Lt. Co. SL, 26th Regt, II, 395. Wilkerson, James K., Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 309. AA'illhorn, J. Andrew, Private Co. 1, 23d Regt. IX', 523. AA'illiams, Arthur B., Capt. Co. C 10th Regt.. I, 489. AA'illiams. George, Corporal Co. A, Bethel Regt.. I. 100. AA'illiams, Jno. A.. Capt. Commissary 24th Regt., u, 281. Index to Illustrations. 731 Williams, John H., Private Co. K, 55th Regt., Ill, 305. Williams, J. Marshall, 1st Lt. Co. C, 54th Regt, III, 267. Williams, Harry G., Private Co. C, 12th Regt., I, 624. Williams, Henry, Private Co. A, 56th Regt, III, 371. Williams, N. L., Sergt. Co. B, 63d Regt., V, 671. Williams, R. S., Capt. Co. I, 13th Regt., I, 653. Williams, Sol., Col. 19th Regt, II, 79; Col. 12th Regt, I, 605. Williams, W. H., Capt. Co. I, 55th Regt., Ill, 291. Williamson, H. D., 1st Lt. Co. E, 36th Regt., II, 629. Williamson, J. W., Capt. Co. D, 13th Regt, I, 653. Wilson, James Andrew, Private Co. A, 44th Regt, III, 29. Wilson, R. E., Capt. Co. B, 21st Regt., II, 129; Capt. Co. A, 1st Batt. Sharp shooters, IV, 225. Wilson, William, Capt. Co. B, 26th Regt, II, 341. Wilson, Wm. R., Surgeon 24th Regt., IV, 569. Winchester, John R., Adjt. and 1st Lt. 48th Regt, III, 113. Winder, J. C, Major Engineer Corps, IV, 409. Winston, John R., Col. 45th Regt., Ill, 35. Withers, E. B., Lt.-Col. 13th Regt., I, 653. Wood, James H., Colonel 4th Regt., I 229 Wood, jas. K., Sailor, V, 299. Wood, Thomas F., Ass't Surgeon 3d Regt, I, 177. Wood, AV. A., Chaplain 4th Regt., I, 229 Wood, W. R., Capt. Co. B, 9th Regt, I, 417. Woodfiu, John W., Maj. 79th Regt, IV, 109. Wright, J. M., 2d Lt. Co. A, 59th Regt, III, 455. Wyatt, Henry L., Private Co. A, Bethel Regt., 1, 100. (First man killed in battle.) Wynns, J. M., Lt.-Col. 15th Battal ion, IV, 365. Young, John A., Lt.-Col. 4th Regt., I, 229. Young, John G., Sergt-Major, 4th Regt., I, 270. Young, Joseph J., Capt. and Ass't Q. Si. 20th Regt., II, 303. Young, Louis G., Capt., A. A. G., IV, 555. Yount, Joshua A., 1st Lt. Co. F, 38th Regt, IV, 551. HAPS. Averasboro, N. C, IV, 57. Belfield, Raid, III, 633. Bentonville, N. C, IV, 57. Bethel, Battle of, I, 92. Bethel, Vicinity of, I, 84. Boydton Plank Road, III, 028. Boydton Plank Road, Chamberlain Run and Five Forks, III, 644. Burnside Expedition, I, 390. Butlers Bridge and Vicinity, III, 720; IV. 16. Dulch Gup Canal, IV, 489. Fort Fisher, Bombardment of, II, 637. V, 235. GeMysburg, III, 300; V, 145. Gettvsburg, Field of Longstreet's As sault, V, 101. Middleburg, Upperville, Auburn and Buckland Races, III, 582. New Hern, Battlefield of, II, 309. New Bern, Cavalry Ouliiosls, II, 83. New Bern to Goldsboro, I, 492. North Carolina 1861-1865, I, 783. Plymouth and Defences, III, 311, 184. Reams Station, Battle of, III, 620; V, 207. Richmond and Petersburg, III, 355. Roanoke Island, Battle of, V, 57. Sliarpshurg, Vicinity of, V, i3. Sharpsburg Battlefield, V, i5. Wilmington, Front of, Feb., 1865, IV, 303; V, 227. GENERAL INDEX. Note.— "^he names in Index to Appomattox Parole List, Index to Illvstrations and List of Historians all in this volume, are not repeated in this Index. In many cases where the initials of a name have been omitted or have been incorrectly given ia the body of this work by the writers the initials have been supplied or corrected in this Index.— Kd. AJRTMOr^ « . BRIGADES. Brigade Organization, IV, 435. Hoke-Lewis, IV, 525, Anderson-Ramseur-Cox, IV, 443 Bbanch-Lane, IV, 465. Clingman, IV, 481. Cooke, IV, 501. Daniel-Grimes, IV, 513. Ga3Land- Johnston, IV, 521. Gordon-Barringer, IV, 581. Martin-Kirkland, IV, 527. Pender-Scales, IV, 551. Petti geew-MacRae, IV, 555. Ransom, IV, 569. Roberts, IV, 580. Junior Resebves, IV, 583. REGIMENTS. Twenty-fifth, II, 291. Twenty-sixth, II, 303. Twenty-seventh, II, 425. Twenty-eighth, II, 465. Twenty-ninth, II, 485. Thirtieth, II, 495. Thiety-fibst, II, 507. Thibty-second, II, 521. Thirty-third, II, 537. Ninth, (1st Cav.), I, 417, 445, 775. Thirty-fourth, II, 581. Tenth, (1st Art.), I, 489, 499, 537, Thirty-fifth, II, 591. Bethel, I, 69. First, 1, 135; V, 595. Second, I, 157. Third, I, 177, 215. Fourth, I, 229. Fifth, I, 281. Sixth, I, 293, 337. Seventh, I, 361. Eighth, I, 387. 551; IV, 221. Eleventh, I, 583. Twelfth, I, 605. Thirteenth, I, 653, 689, 701. Fourteenth, I, 705. Fifteenth, I, 733. Sixteenth, I, 751, 771; IV, 137. Seventeenth, II, 1. Thirty-sixth, (2d Art.), II, 629. Thirty-seventh, II, 658. Thirty-eighth, II, 675. Thirty-ninth, II, 699, 727. Fortieth, (3d Art), II, 745. Forty-fibst, (3d Cav.), II, 767. FOETY-SECOND, II, 789. FORTY-THIBD, III, 1, 19. Fobty-foubth, III, 21. Eighteenth, II, 15, 65. Nineteenth, (2d Cav.), II, 79, 99. Forty-fifth, III, 35. Twentieth, II, 111. • Foety-sixth, III, 63. Twenty-first, II, 129, 147. Forty-seventh, III, 83, 103, Twenty-second, II, 161. Forty-eighth, III, 113. Twenty-third, II, 181. F.orty-ninth, III, 125, 151. Twenty-fourth, II, 269. Fiftieth, III, 161. 734 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Fifty-first, III, 205. Sixty-ninth, III, 729. Fifty-second, III, 223. Seventieth, (1st Res.), IV, 9. Fifty-third, III, 255. Seventy-first, (2d Res.), IV, 25. Fifty-fourth, III, 267. Seventy-second, (3d Res.), IV, 35, Fifty-fifth, III, 287. Seventy-third, (4th Res.), IV, 65. Fifty-sixth, III, 313. Seventy-fourth, (5th Res.), IV, Fifty-seventh, III, 405. 69. Fifty-eighth, III, 431, 447. Seventy'-fifth, (7th Cav.), IV, 71, Fifty-ninth, (4th Cav.), Ill, 453. 91. Sixtieth, III, 473, 499. Sea'enty-sixth, (6th Res.), IV, 97. Sixty--first, III, 503. Seventy'-seventh, (7th Res.), IV, Sixty-second, III, 515. 99. Sixty-third, (5th Cav.), Ill, 529, Seventy-eighth, (8th Res.), IV, 545. 107. Sixty-fourth, III, 659. Seventy-ninth, (8th Cav.), IV, 109. Sixty-fifth, (6th Cav.), Ill, 673. Eightieth, IV, 117. Sixty-sixth, III, 685. Eighty-fiest, (1st Det), IV, 129. Sixty-seventh, III, 703. Eighty-second, (2d Det), IV, 131. Sixty-eighth, III, 713, 725. Eighty'-thibd, (3d Det.), IV, 133. BATTALIONS. First, IV, 225. Fourteenth, (Cav.), IV, 363. Second, IV, 243. Fifteenth, (Cav.), IV, 365. Third, (Art), IV, 261. Sixteenth, (Cav.), IV, 370. Fourth, IV, 270. Seventeenth, IV, 371. Fifth, (Cav.), IV, 271. Eighteenth, IV, 379. Sixth, IV, 293. Nineteenth, IV, 383. Seventh, IV, 301. Twentieth, (Res.), IV, 385. Eighth, IV, 302. Twenty-first, (Res.), IV, 397. Ninth, (1st Heavy Art.), IV, 303. Twenty-second, (Res.), IV, 398. Tenth, (Art), IV, 315, 325, 329. Twenty-third, (Res.), IV, 399. Eleventh, IV, 338. Twenty-fourth, (Det.), IV, 400. Twelfth, (Cav.), IV, 339. Twenty-fifth, IV, 401. Thirteenth, (Art.), IV, 341, 355, Twenty-sixth, V, 626. 361. Battalion Organization, IV, 224. COriPANIES. Company B., (10th Va. Cav.), V, Flanner's Battery, V, 617. 627. Unattached Companies, IV, 401. ORGANIZATION. Adjutant Genebal's Dept., I, 3, Obdnance Dept., I, 39. 50. Pay Dept., I, 45. QUABTEEMASTEB GENEBAL'S DEPT., CONSCBIPT BUBEAU, IV, 407. I, 23. Cobps of Engineers, IV, 409. Subsistence Dept., I, 37. The Mjidical Corps, IV, 623. General Index. 735 Chaplain Service, IV, 597. N. C. Generals, I, xi; V, 3, 5. Board of Claims, I, 45. N. C. Naval Officers, I, xiv. Military Courts, V, 8. The Militia, IV, 645. North Carolinians in Other The Home Guards, IV, 649; V, Commands, IV, 403. 629, 635. Regiments and Brigades, 1, xiii. Hillsboro Military Academy, V, Organization of Battalions, IV, 637, 643. 224. North Carolina Military Insti- Organization of Resera'es, IV, 1. tute, V, 645. Organization of Brigades, IV, 435. University of N. O, V, 647. Number N. C. Troops, V, 1. MILITARY PRISOMS. Prison Life at Johnson's Island, Prisoners at Morris Island, IV, 657, 689. List of, IV, 721. Prisoners at Johnson's Island, Prison Life at Fort Delaware, Address, IV, 697. IV, 725. Prisoners at Johnson's Island, Escape From Fort Warren, IV, List of, IV, 703. 733. Prisoners at Morris Island, IV, Salisbury Prison, IV, 745. 713; V, 619. BATTLES. Capture Before the Wae, V, 23. 595, 599, 605, 611. Manassas, V, 29, 581. Foet Wagnee, V, 161. Hatteeas, V, 35. Chicamauga, V, 169. Chicamacomico, V, 55. Plymouth, V, 175. Roanoke Island, V, 57, 63. Second Cold Habbob, V, 197. Shabpsbubg, V, 71, 587. The Cbateb, V, 617. White Hall, V, 83. Reams Station, V, 207. Chancellobsville, V, 93. Winchester, V, 213. Wounding of Jackson, V, 97, 98. Fort Fisher, V, 217. Gettysburg, V, 101, 113, 133, 137, Battle After the War, V, 285. SURRENDERS. Appomattox, V, 247, 257. Baker's Command, V, 269. Appomattox Parole List, V, 483, Last Surrender, V, 653. 573, 657. NAVY. C. S. Vessels in N. O, V, 298. Steamer Ad- Vance, V, 335, 341. N. C. Vessels in Navy, V, 299. The Shenandoah, V, 345. The Albemarle, V, 315. Blockade Running, V, 353. Capture of Underwriter, V, 325. Fight With Blockaders, V, 351. 736 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. SUNDRY. Peeface, I, v. Financial Operations in Europe, Dedication, V, iii. V, 453. List of Genebals and Field Of- The State's Wae Record, V, 463. ficers Killed, V, 9. First Soldier to Die, V, 577. N. C. Troops, Where Stationed, The Two Brothers, IV, 405. V, 13. Corrections, V, 661. Deeds of Daring, V, 15, 17. Reatiew and Conclusion, V, vii. N. C. Heroine, V, 19. INDEXES. List of Historians and Con- Index to Parole List, V, 683. TRIBUTORS, V, xix. GENERAL INDEX, V, 733. Index to Illustratiohs, V, 719. NAMES. Abernathy, F. S., IV, 705. Addington, W. M., I, 485, 486. Abernathy, G. D., 1, 496. "Adelaide," Steamer, V, 52, 53. Abernathy, H. W., I, 118, 581. Aderhold, W. V., IV, 643. Abernathy, James M., I, 133; Adkins, J. F., I, 137. IV, 630. Adkinson, E. C, III, 161. Abernathy, Jno., II, 466, 475. Adkinson, Joseph H, III, 161. Abernathy, J. W., V, 193. "Ad-Vance," Steamer, I, 17, 30, 42, Abernathy, Sidney S., II, 496; 53; IV, 458, 471, 472; V, 243, 312, IV, 722. 335, 339, 341, 358, 363, 379, 438, "Abigail," The, V, 348. 458, 471, 472. Adams, E., IV, 107. Ahearn, Jas. A., IV, 297. Adams, E. W., Ill, 202. Aiken, Robert A., IV, 117, 118. Adams, G. H. A., I, 128. "Alabama," Steamer, V, 243, 345, Adams, J. L., V, 674. 415, 437, 472. Adams, James, IV, 525, 526. Albea, J. M., I, 233. Adams, James T., II, 303, 330, 371, "Albemarle," the, I, xiv, 321, 496, 380, 390, 397, 412, 420; III, 147, 527; II, 2; III, 177, 338, 346, 680, 153. 706; IV, 27, 40, 573; V, 175—192, Adams, Jesse A., Ill, 289. 298, 312 — 323, 364, 396. Adams, John, III, 495; IV, 29. Albertin, Daniel, I, 291. Adams, J. F., II, 64. Albertin, Elbert J., II, 147. Adams, M., II, 462. Albright, A. G., Ill, 262. Adams, "Old Hike," IV, 727. Albright, G. M. G., Ill, 262. Adams, Sam'l H., II, -".64, 165, 167. Albright, G. W., IV, 705. Adams, S. T., IV, 705. Albright, H. A., I, 547. Adams, T. J., V, 15. Albright, Henry O, II, 304, 336, Adams, Warren, V, 641. 372, 373, 389, 397, 403, 417. Adams, William M., Ill, 203. Albright, Geo. N., IV, 722. Adams, Z. T., II, 642, 774; IV, Albright, John G., IV, 65, 99, 101. 341, 353; V, 229, 232, 240. Albright, S. J., Ill, 263. Adams, Artillery, II, 775. Albright, William A., Ill, 405. General Index. 737 Alden, Jas., V, 242. Aldie, Battle of, I, 424; III, 1, 472. Aldridge, John W., Ill, 711. Alford, A. J., IV, 13. Alford, J. B., Ill, 205, 206; IV, 617. Alford, H. M„ II, 791, 807. Alford, J. H., I, 731. Allatoona, Battle of, II, 492. Alexander, Abdon, I, 547, 549. Alexander, Abner, III, 504. Alexander, A. M., IV, 113. Alexander, B. J., Ill, 484. Alexander, C, III, 660. Alexander, O S., I, 232, 269. Alexander, Chas. W., I, 77, 120, 583. Alexander, Elias C, III, 114. Alexander, Frank R., Ill, 317, 323, 358, 360; V, 191, 663. Alexander, George, III, 497. Alexander, Ham. S., Ill, 577. Alexander, J. B., IV, 474, 637. Alexander, James F., I, 585. Alexander, J. J., V, 663. Alexander, J. L., Ill, 481. Alexander, J. M., Ill, 496. Alexander, John M., II, 591. Alexander, Jno. M., Ill, 223. Alexander, John Milton, I, 369. Alexander, J. M. W., I, 378. Alexander, Jno. O., II, 653. Alexander, J. W., IV, 733, 743; V, 300, 304, 307, 312; V, 680. Alexander, Julius, III, 3; V, 680. Alexander, J. P., I, 485, 782. Alexander, Marshall E., I, 120; III, 261; IV, 700, 705. Alexander, R. B., I, 584. Alexander, R. W., Ill, 482. Alexander, S. B., I, 119; II, 791, 792, 807; IV, 537. Alexander, W. J., IV, 721. Alexander, W. R., I, 120; III, 484, 491, 497. Alexander, Wm. S., Ill, 482. Alle, John M., Ill, 224. "Alleghany True Blues," II, 162. 47 AllenAllen 50, Allen 504, Allen Allen AllenAllenAllenAllen Allen AllenAllen Allen AllenAllen Allen AllenAllenAllen 54. AllenAllenAllenAllenAllen Allen IV, AllenAllen Allen Allen Austin, I, 639; V, 265, 268. Charles N, II, 495, 496; IV, 51, 444. David C, II, 495, 496, 503, Daniel, I, 639. D. J., Ill, 731. G. D. S., Ill, 515; IV, 641. H, III, 348. Hugh J., I, 639. H. P., IV, 401, 753; V, 626. J. A., IV, 365. Lawrence M., Ill, 659, 671. M. A., Ill, 471. P. H., I, 639. R. P., IV, 303. R. T., II, 675, 678. S. F., IV, 245. S. J., II, 496. T. A.', Ill, 670. Thomas, I, 489; IV, 705; V, Thomas H, I, 500. T. M., I, 232, 270; IV, 722. Turner, I, 639. T. W-, HI, 660. Wm., II, 705, 733, 734. Wm. A., Ill, 19, 205, 218; 483, 650. Wm. B., I, 551. W. G., I, 136. W. N, V, 244. Wyatt B., IV, 705, 722. Alligood, Stephen, I, 176. Allison, Jonathan, III, 482. Allison, J. H., II, 772. Allison, Joseph F., II, 512. Allison, Joseph W., II, 507, 512. Allison, M. B., IV, 705, 723. Allison, M. L., Ill, 516. Allison, R. M., V, 666. Allison, Richard W., II, 80, 89; V, 666. Allman, Robt, I, 574. Allred, Henry C, II, 165, 166. Alma, The, V, 346. Almond, A. J., IV, 633. 738 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Almore, Isaac Tayloe, I, 163. Alston, Edward, I, 620. Alston, P. G., I, 642. Alston, R. W., I, 608, 627, 631, 644, 648, 650; II, 121. Alston, Samuel T., I, 642. Alston, Solomon W., I, 606; IV, 633. Alston, W. T., I, 606. Amelia Court House, I, 210, 651, 685; II, 482, 577, 589, 696, 783; III, 32; IV, 210; V, 250. Amis, Rufus, II, 187. Ammon, D., V, 242. Ammons, Allen, II, 707; IV, 613. Amos, Richard, I, 554. Anderson, A. J., I, 232. Anderson, D. D., Ill, 739. Anderson, D. W., Ill, 660, 665. Anderson, George B., I, xi, 230, 235, 246, 249, 266, 558; II, 5, 497, 499, 500; IV, 149, 445, 448; V, 9, 65, 78, 467, 639, 649. Anderson, J. H, I, 118, 120; III, 115, 124; IV, 3, 5, 25, 27, 53, 358, 392, 499, 587, 594. Anderson, Jno. N., II, 540, 579. Anderson, J. Stanhope, II, 485, 486, 493. Anderson, J. W., V, 358. Anderson, L. R., Ill, 23. Anderson, Robt. B., I, 230, 270; IV, 29, 605. Anderson, R. Walker, IV, 506, 507. Anderson, Samuel, IV, 300. Anderson, Walker, I, 276. Anderson, W. N., II, 64. Anderson, Wm. S., Ill, 503. Anderson, Wm. T., II, 705, 728. Anderson, W. T., I, 289; IV, 722. Anderson's Battalion, IV, 15, 25, 27, 28. Anderson's Brigade, I, 167; II, 204, 221, 223, 238, 241, 375, 383, 498, 499, 677, 784; III, 451, 481; IV, 142, 437, 447, 448; V, 78, 208, 589, 590. Anderson-Ramseur-Cox Brigade, IV, 435 — 443. Andersonville Prison, IV, 753. Andrews, A. B., I, 445, 453, 485; III, 553. Andrews, Benjamin, II, 5. Andrews, Clinton M., 1,433; 11,80, 82, 87, 88, 99, 102, 103; III, 537, 539, 603; IV, 255, 256, 258; V, 10, 649. Andrews, George, III, 581. Andrews, G. A., I, 232, 270. Andrews, G. W., Ill, 161, 202. Andrews, H. O, IV, 723. Andrews, H. L., IV, 252; V, 11. Andrews, John B., I, 231, 243, 268. Andrews, Jno., II, 538. Andrews, J. L., II, 678. Andrews, L. D., II, 676, 678, 682. Andrews, R. H., IV, 12. Andrews, Sandy, I, 670. Andrews, S. Jay, II, 80, 87, 91. Andrews, T. W., IV, 245. Andrews, W. S. G., I, 489, 501, 525; V, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 48, 51, 52. Angel, Thomas M., I, 751, IV, 137. Angerman, W. H., II, 537. Annas, Hezekiah, V, 602. "Anson Ellis" Rifles, II, 88, 182. Anson, I., II, 88; IV, 635. Anthony, Peyton T., II, 538. Anthony, W. H., I, 441, 485, 782. Antietam, I, 142, 246, 307; II, 32; V, 71, 82, 627. Apperson, T. V., II, 482, 483. Apple, Mat., I, 660. "Appomattox," vessel, V, 304, 307, 308, 309. Appomattox, I, 156, 175, 211, 278, 330, 550, 703, 748; II, 62, 77, 391, 482, 536, 577, 589, 626; III, 100, 283, 470, 471; IV, 31, 62, 90, 95, 212, 354, 577; V, 80, 81, 131, 247, 250, 253, 256-9, 261, 468, 628. Appomattox, Last Guns Captured, II, 108; IV, 580; V, xi. General Index. 739 Appomattox, Last Shot, II, 108, 505; IV, 96, 458, 580; V, 225, 260. Applewhite, Isaac C, I, 159. Applewhite, (Staff officer), V, 179. Applewhite, W. H., I, 159, 160. Archibald, C. O, I, 234. Ardrey, James P., Ill, 137, 152. Ardrey, W. E., I, 119; II, 496; III, 138. Arendell, Bridgers, II, 746. Arendell, Thomas, I, 496, 529. Arents, William R., Ill, 225. Arey, Charles R., IV, 348. Argo, T. M., IV, 305. Armfield, B. F., IV, 705. Armfield, D. T., I, 441, 485, 782. Armfield, M. B„ I, 584, 591. Armfield, M. D., I, 113, 119; V, 88. Armfield, R. F., II, 675, 678, 681, 682, 686. Armistead, F. S., I, xiii; IV, 4, 11, 18, 30, 37, 39, 53, 587, 591. Armistead, Thos. S., II, 769, 785. Armistice, The, 1, 61. Armory Guard, IV, 293. Arms, Need of, I, 41. Armstrong, E. H., I, 204, 213. Armstrong, G. W., IV, 705. Armstrong, James Y, IV, 634. Armstrong, N. O, I, 486. Armstrong, N. E., II, 678, 686. Armstrong, Rev. Dr., IV, 210. Armstrong, T. E., I, 212. Armstrong's Mill, III, 30; IV, 93. Army Navy Yard, IV, 426. Arney, George, V, 602. Arnold, F. A., Ill, 587. Arnold, J. L., II, 80. Arnold, Richard, III, 223. Arrington, I. D., IV, 705. Arrington, J. V., IV., 705. Arrington, John W., I, 630, 642. Arrington, K. W., II, 496, 498. Arrington, L. P., I, 651. Arrington, P. W., II, 502. Arrington, S. P., I, 606. Arrington, Wm. T., II, 496; V, 667. Arthur, David O, IV, 339. Asbell, James, II, 92. Asbury, David M., Ill, 224. Ashby's Gap, III, 464, 534, 535, 561, V, 676. Ashby's Landing, V, 59, 60, 63. Ashcraft, John B., II, 653; IV, 474. Ashcraft, Thomas E., Ill, 263, 264. Ashe, A. S., IV, 630. Ashe, Richard J., I, 77, 90, 125, 127, 129; II, 410. Ashe, S. A., II, 685; IV, 296, 299, 413, 416, 551, 552; V, 158. Ashe, Wm. S., I, 23. Ashford, John, II, 47, 675, 685, 686, 695; IV, 209, 420. Ashland, I, 430; II, 470. Ashley, A. J., Ill, 219. Ashley, Wm., IV, 118. Ashworth, W. R., IV, 13. Askew, Levi, III, 714. Askew, W. A. W., Ill, 686. Astooga Stoga, John, III, 730, 736. Athens Guards, IV, 647. Atkins, George B., I, 119; IV, 56, 57, 347, 351. Atkins, J. B., IV, 350. Atkins' Battery, V, 679. Atkinson, Atlas, III, 203. Atkinson, E. O, III, 202. Atkinson, J. S., I, 559. Atkinson, Jas. W., I, 548; II, 57, 62, 537, 576, 578; IV, 470. Atkinson, Joseph H, III, 202. Atkinson, Roger P., I, 213. Atkinson, Robert W., II, 80, 89; IV, 723. Atlanta Campaign, III, 437. "Atlanta," Ship, IV, 733, 735. Atlee's Station, I, 428, 459. Atwell, Geo., II, 582. Atwell, J. B., II, 112, 115. Atwell, W. L., II, 791. Atwood, Jesse W., Ill, 114, 115. Auburn, III, 578. Auburn Mills, I, 454. August, T. P., IV, 407. 740 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Aumack, Samuel M., Ill, 715. Austin, Benjamin P., Ill, 225. Austin, Daniel B., Ill, 723. Austin, E., II, 63. Austin, Green, I, 234. Austin, Jas. E., Ill, 122. Austin, John, I, 176. Austin, Milton S., Ill, 224. Austin, W. M., Ill, 433, 435. Auten, W., Ill, 348. Autrey, Capt., IV, 653. Avent, G. W., IV, 722. Averasboro.il I, 193; IV, 20, 58, 104, 336, 592. Averitt, R. H., Ill, 347. Avery, A. O, I, 22, 339; IV, 339, 371, 372, 373; V, 581, 651. Avery, Clark M., I, 78, 90, 95, 118, 125, 127, 129, 365, 376; II, 37, 48, 315, 320, 539, 542, 544, 557, 561, 570, 654; IV, 191; V, 10. Avery, Isaac E., I, 296, 303, 313, 345, 357; II, 137; III, 411, 413, 416; IV, 237, 525; V, 9, 31, 32, 94, 95, 97, 98, 583, 606, 649. Avery, Willoughby F., II, 539, 540, 558, 771. Avery, W. W., I, 22; III, 718; IV, 372, 382. Avery's Battalion, IV, 371. Axley, Felix P., II, 706. Aycock, Larry, II, 461. Ayres, David, I, 291. Babb, Lewis H„ II, 539. Babb, Wm. K., II, 539, 562, 578; IV, 467. Bacbe, Geo. M., V, 244. Bachelor's Creek, N O, I, 321, 396; III, 6, 132, 210, 333; IV, 241. Badger, Edward S., Ill, 314, 398. Badger, R. O, IV, 513, 517, 540; V, 651. Badger, Sherwood, IV, 519. Badgett, C. L., IV, 13. Badham, Jno. O, I, 281, 284, 285; V, 11. • Badham, William, IV, 261, 264, 265, 268. Badham's Artillery, II, 513. Badham's Battery, IV, 263. Baggerly, Jno. A., Courier, 1, 271 J II, 499. Bagley, Alvin, III, 686. Bagley, William H., Ill, 713. Bagley, , V, 311. Bailey, A. G., Ill, 660. Bailey, Dempsey, IV, 100. Bailey, G. Pink, I, 653, 654, 692. Bailey, Isaac H., Ill, 432, 435, 447, 450, 452; V, 169. Bailey, Jas. O, II, 272. Bailey, J. E., II, 166. Bailey, Lemuel Johnston, III, 590. Bailey, Sergeant, III, 491. Bailey, Thos. B., Ill, 655. Bailey, W. H., II, 791, 806. Baily, Wilson, III, 84. Baird, Alfred H., I, 118; III, 673, 674, 683; IV, 271, 273, 274, 275, 291, 301. Baird, B. F., Ill, 433, 447. Baird, D. F., Ill, 433; V, 169. Baird, J. S. T., Ill, 474. Baird, J. V., Ill, 660. Baird, Wm. W., II, 269. Baker, A. J., V, 282. Baker, Geo. B., I, 118, 213. Baker, Henry H., II, 538, 567. Baker, Jackson, II, 375. Baker, John A., I, 429, 430, 431; II, 769, 776, 778, 779; III, 608, 610, 644; IV, 490, 582, 721. Baker, John C, II, 89. Baker, J. P., V, 193. Baker, John W., Jr., I, 112. Baker, John, Sr., Ml, 715. Baker, J. R., ||, 598. Baker, Jos., II, 799. Baker, Joseph H., I, 77; III, 715; IV, 631. Baker, Joseph S., II, 80, 89, 98, 101. Baker, Lawrence S., I, xi, 77, 417, 420, 423, 425, 426, 484; II, 99; III, 186, 464, 465, 558, 727; IV, 4, 11, 18, 30, 39, 42, 359, 360, 581, 582, 591; V, 269, 271, 273, General Index. 741 275, 276, 278, 282, 589, 674. Baker, R. B., II, 537, 579, 580; III, 715; IV, 474, 637. Baker, Rufus, I, 731. Baker, Thomas W., I, 120; III, 3. Baker, Wm. J., I, 731; IV, 556; V, 193. Baker's Brigade, I, 449; III, 199, 572, 608, 645. Baker's Cavalry, IV, 490, 590. Balch, Hannah, V, 300. Balch, J. W., V, 243. Bald Head, IV, 265. Baldwin, C. M., II, 64. Baldwin, H., I, 731. Baldwin, John R., II, 64. Baldwin, Joseph, V, 602. Baldwin, Thos. R., Ill, 224. Baldwin, W. G., IV, 705. Ball, T. M., I, 233. Ballard, John, III, 2, 3. Ballard, Junius, IV, 654. Ballard, K. J., I, 291. Ballard, M. T., II, 512. Ballard, R. E., I, 736; IV, 513, 518. Ballard, W. H, I, 735. Ballentine, John W., I, 383, 385. Ballew, Jas. R., II, 304, 328, 330, 336, 396, 416, 417. Ballinger, Joseph D., II, 508. Bamberger, Jacob, III, 219. Bandy, J. M., IV, 41, 595. Banks, Chas. R., IV, 296. Banks, Joseph, III, 347. Banks, R. B., II, 64. Banks, Lt, V, 631. Banner, H. C, III, 117. Banner, John E., I, 175. Banner, W. O. T., I, 158. "Banshee," The, V, 414, 437, 440. Baptist Gap, II, 487, 728. Baptist Valley, III, 736. Barbee, George, III, 33. Barbee, Wm. F. G., Ill, 347. Barbee's Cross Roads, I, 422. Barber, Chas., V, 282. Barber, E. F., I, 232. Barber, John Y., I, 234. Barber, Joseph, I, 232, 269. Barber, J. W., I, 291. Barber, Wm. M., I, 385; II, 56, 57, 559, 575, 653, 655, 657, 659, 662, 668; IV, 474; V, 10. Barbot (Engineer), V, 404, 448, 449. Barden, Isaac V., Ill, 727. Barden, Reddin O, III, 725, 727. Barden, R. T., II, 425. Bardin, Wm., II, 463. Barefoot, Joel, 111, 366. Barfield, S. A., IV, 40. Barham, R. G., II, 466; IV, 473, 636. Barker, Cicero R., V, 665. Barker, E. R., I, 485. Barker, Theo. G., Ill, 593. Barker, L. J., II, 466. Barkley, James M., IV, 41. Barlow, D. H., I, 735. Barnard, Job, IV, 115. Barnard, Hezekiah E., IV, 115. Barnard's Mills, IV, 573. Barnes, A. L., I, 630; III, 457. Barnes, B. J., I, 158, 159. Barnes, Bennett, III, 3. Barnes, Calvin, I, 158, 159; II, 746. Barnes, Daniel, III, 715. Barnes, E., Ill, 457; IV, 641. Barnes, George B., Ill, 315, 318, 322; V, 669. Barnes, H. M., IV, 329, 336. Barnes, Jesse D., Ill, 504. Barnes, Jesse S., I, 231, 267; II, 425. Barnes, Jno. O, II, 512. Barnes, Rory, I, 735. Barnes, Ruffin, III, 2, 3. Barnes, Wm. S., I, 230, 269. Barnett, John, I, 233, 274. Barnett, J. A., II, 495, 496. Barnett, R. S., Ill, 261. Barnett, W. P., Ill, 138. Barnett's Ford, III, 572; IV, 190. Barnhardt, George E., Ill, 618. 742 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Barnhardt, Jacob R., I, 401, 408. Bason, G. F., IV, 553. Barnhill, C, II, 64. Bass, Hodge, I, 175. Barnwell, T. J., Ill, 348. Bass, T. R., Ill, 295. Barr, Jno. W., IV, 119. Bass, W. R., Ill, 72E>, 727. Barr, W. H., I, 213. Bass' Company, IV, 402. Barrett, David S., Ill, 152. Bassinger, James, II, 585. Barrett, Isaac A., II, 538. Bateman, James, V, 176. Barrett, J. A., IV, 99. Batson, W. A., Ill, 660; IV, 705. Barrett, L. J., IV, 91, 93. Battalion, First, II, 640; III, 290; Barrett, Corporal, IV, 442. IV, 225, 441. Barrett, W. A., Ill, 133. Battalion, First, (Heavy Artil- Barrier, Jacob, I, 486, 782. lery), IV, 304; V, 2, 6, 240. Barrier, John D., Ill, 427. Battalion, First, Junior Reserves, Barrier, Rufus A., I, 388, 405. Ill, 385; IV, 3, 225, 386, 587. Barrier, W. A., I, 422, 481, 486. Battalion, Second, III, 162; IV, Barringer, David, I, 397. 243, 436; V, 62. Barringer, J. A., V, 194. Battalion.Second, Junior Res., IV, Barringer, J. E., V, 194. 3, 4, 5, 25. Barringer, John, I, 292. Battalion, Third, IV, 261; V, 88, Barringer, Nelson, V, 194. 240, 679. Barringer, Rufus, I, xi, 418, 424, Battalion, Third, (Res.), IV, 3, 6, 427, 429, 435, 470, 485, 486, 775; 108. II, 780, 781, 784; III, 538, 609, Battalion, Fourth, IV, 270. 619, 635, 642, 648, 650; IV, 582; Battalion, Fourth, Junior Re- V, 210, 212, 649. serves, IV, 3, 4, 41, 43, 49, 589. Barringer, Victor C, I, 417, 485; Battalion, Fifth, III, 676; IV, 271, IV, 569. 341. Barringer, William D., II, 465; IV, Battalion, Fifth, (Junior Res.), IV, 473. 3, 4, 25, 587. Barringer, W. J., I, 292. Battalion, Sixth, IV, 293. Barringer's Brigade, I, 433; II, 107, Battalion, Sixth, (Junior Res.), IV, 781, 784, 785; III, 620, 647; IV, 3, 4, 10, 587. 96, 438, 442, 581; V, 210, 675, 680. Battalion, Seventh, IV, 301. Barrington, Adam, II, 746. Battalion, Seventh, (Junior Res.), Barrington, Stephen G., Ill, 704, IV, 3, 4, 40, 43, 587, 588. 727; V, 17. Battalion, Eighth, Ml, 685; IV, 302. Barron, Sam'l, V, 301, 302. Battalion, Eighth (Junior Re- Barrow, R. A., II, 145. serves), IV, 3, 4, 40, 41, 43, 589. Barrow, T. P., IV, 722. Battalion, Ninth (First Heavy Ar- Barry, John D., I, xii; II, 21, 34, tillery), IV, 304; V, 2, 6, 240. 39, 41, 47, 56, 63, 75, 96, 574; IV, Battalion, Ninth (Junior Re- 469, 472, 473; V, 95, 96, 649. serves), IV, 3, 43, 385, 587. Bartlett, Jas., I, 684; II, 541, 579. Battalion, Tenth, Ml, 191, 197; IV, Bartlett, W. R., Ill, 482. 105, 315, 325, 329, 439, 440. Basket, Sergeant, IV, 431. Battalion, Eleventh, IV, 338. Baskerville, G. T„ II, 187, 221, 236, Battalion, Twelfth (Cavalry), HI, 239. 458; IV, 72, 93, 270, 339. General Index. 743 Battalion, Thirteenth, IV, 341, 355, Battle, T. W., I, 735. 361, 439; V, 16, 240, 269, 281, 282, Battle, Wm. H., II, 511; IV, 636. 618, 679. Battlefield Commission, Report of, Battalion, Fourteenth (Henry's), (Chicamauga), V, 179; (Sharps- Ill, 664; IV, 109, 112, 114, 363; burg), V, 587. V, 2, 6. Battley, W. T., I, 120; IV, 297. Battalion, Fifteenth, IV, 365; V, Batts, W. C, I, 175. 2, 6, 677. Baugh, W. A., I, 554. Battalion, Sixteenth (Cavalry), Baugh, Wm. F., IV, 403. IV, 71, 89, 90, 93, 370, 437, 580. Baum, Joseph, III, 723. Battalion, Seventeenth, IV, 371. Baxter, J. J., IV, 633. Battalion, Eighteenth, IV, 379. Baxter, Peter Z., Ill, 128, 153. Battalion, Nineteenth, IV, 3, 303, Baxter, Sidney S., (Judge), IV, 383. 754. Battalion, Twentieth, IV, 385. Beacon Island, V, 36, 43. Battalion, Twenty-first, IV, 396, Beal, Dallas M., Ill, 458. 397. Beal, Peter S., Ill, 225. Battalion, Twenty-second, IV, 398. Beale, C. B., II, 511. Battalion, Twenty-third, IV, 399; Beale, J. A., IV, 28. V, 678. Beall, Jas. F., II, 144, 146; V, 666. Battalion, Twenty-fourth, IV, 400. Beall, T. B., II, 142. Battalion, Twenty-fifth, IV, 365; Bealle, Thomas B., I, 248, 703. V, 2, 6. Beam, O. P., II, 676, 678. Battalion, Twenty-sixth, V, 626, Beam, W. C, III, 356. 678. Beaman, Benj. O, II, 541, 544, 579. Battery Anderson, IV, 357. Beaman, G. W., II, 770. Battery Bolles, IV, 353; V, 28. Beaman, Henry O, III, 3. Battery Buchanan, IV, 46, 47; V, Beaman, J. T., IV, 365. 241. Bean, M. L., I, 234, 272. Battery, Campbell, IV, 419. Bean, W. W., V, 602. Battery, Gatling, IV, 357 Beard, John, III, 405, 418, 420, 422, Battery, Gregg, I, 394; IV, 470; V, 425, 426; IV, 441, 526. 161, 163, 166, 620 Beard, John W., II, 132, 145. Battery Purdie, IV, 353. Beard, W. W., IV, 13. Battery Radcliffe, IV, 419. Bearden, M. J., Ill, 432, 496; IV, Battery Wagner, I, 392; III, 206, 705. 511; IV, 485, 716; V, 620. Bearden, Wm. M., II, 705. Battery Worth, III, 340, 342, 343. Beardon, M. P., IV, 6. Battery No. 4, IV, 327 Beasley, Mrs., of Plymouth, IV, Battery No. 7, IV, 262, 355. 624. "Battery 45," III, 112; IV, 208. Beasley, W. F., IV, 3, 5, 25, 28, 587, Battle After the War, V, 285. 594; V, 640. Battle, J. S., IV, 458, 463. Beasley, William R„ III, 22. Battle, Lewis, II, 661, 674 . Beattie's Ford Riflemen, II, 187. Battle, K. P., V, 647. Beaty, F. A., Ill, 587. Battle, Richard, IV, 404. Beaufort, The, V, 300, 303, 304, 306, Battle, Richard H., Jr., Ill, 3. 307, 308, 309, 680. 744 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Beaumont, J. C, V, 242. Beavans, John, 1, 122. Beavans, William, I, 120; III, 3. Beaver Dam Creek, I, 613. Beavers, Joseph, I, 292. Beek, J. F., V, 194. Beck, John W., Ill, 225. Beck, S. C, III, 516. Beck, . V, 294. Beef Raid (Hampton's), I, 436; II, 105; III, 622. Beggarly, J. B., IV, 464. Beirne, Susan, Steamer, V, 377, 379, 410. Belcher, John R., Ill, 504. Belcher's Mill, I, 437. Belfield, I, xiii; II, 105; III, 78, 311. 633, 680; IV, 16, 29, 43, 89, 205, 388. Belk, Samuel E., Ill, 261. Belknap, Geo. E., V, 242. Bell, A. W., II, 705, 711, 728. Bell, Benjamin H., I, 490, 508, 535. Bell, C. E., II, 496. Bell, D. A., I, 125. Bell, D. B., I, 78, 113. Bell, Demosthenes, III, 457, 468; IV, 705. Bell, Frank, III, 723. Bell, Jas., V, 370, 374. Bell, John, III, 723. Bell, Joseph A., I, 535. Bell, R. R., II, 675, 678. Bell, S., II, 64. Bell, Wm. B., I, 175. Bell, W. R., Ill, 218. Belle Grove, I, 647. Belo, Alfred H., Ill, 288, 292, 295, 298, 302, 303, 306, 318, 676; V, 110, 633. Belo, Robert W., Ill, 316, 356. Bemer, Logan, III, 262. Benbury, John, I, 136, 140. Benbury, L. O, I, 136. Bender, W. G., IV, 415. Benely, W., II, 538. Benjamin, Hon. Judah P., I, 41. Benner Barn, "farthest at Gettys burg," III, 299, 300. Bennett, Chas. W., II, 221, 256. Bennett, D. K., II, 125, 127. Bennett, David N., I, 728, 731; II, 125, 127. Bennett, Frank, II, 182, 204, 262. Bennett, Hugh C, II, 771. Bennett I. H., I, 51. Bennett J. S., I, 735. Bennett, John W., II, 138; IV, 631. Bennett, Rev. Mr., IV, 765. Bennett, R. T., I, 246, 720, 723; IV, 461; V, xi, 78. Bennett, S. W., II, 496; IV, 701. Bennett House, III, 200; IV, 32. Bennick, A. R., II, 581; IV, 613. Benson, James O, II, 113. Benson, J. R., I, 291. Bentley, Allen, II, 496. B.enton, A. M., IV, 523. Benton, B. H., IV, 28. Benton, H. E., I, 128. Benton, Jas. H., II, 113. Benton, M. M., V, 438. Benton, S. M., IV, 705. Bentonville, II, 518, 650, 803; III, 195, 216, 412, 440, 444, 454, 496, 502, 513, 698, 709; IV, 20, 31, 56, 59, 104, 269, 312, 322, 336, 350, 362, 394, 547, 593; V, 641, 670. Bergin, J. M., IV, 705. Bermuda Hundreds, I, 403, 581; II, 286, 288, 516, 519, 620, 779, 797, 798; III, 10, 139, 276, 512, 688; IV, 85, 93, 361, 491, 575; V, 16, 100, 197. Berrier, Henry J., I, 731. Berrier, H. R., V, 627, 628. Berry, Andrew O, IV, 118. Berry, C. O, IV, 117. Berry, David, IV, 108, 643. Berry, James, III, 361. Berry, J., IV, 636. Berry, Jno. H, II, 507, 512. Berry, Rev., IV, 610. Berryville, I, 261; III, 5. General Index. 745 Berryville Pike, V, 213, 214, 215. Berry's Mill Pond, IV, 372. Bessent, R. P., II, 789, 805. Best,' Benj. S., II, 462. Best, D. R., II, 63. Best, Robt. A., I, 232. Best, W. B., Ill, 202, 203. Bethel Flag, I, 130. Bethel, George J., Ill, 296. Bethel, Geo. T., IV, 702, 705. Bether, W. J., II, 512. Bethesda Church, 1, 727; III, 12, 95, 258. Bethune, Alexander, III, 574. Betts, A. D., II, 495; IV, 597, 612. Betts, Andrew N., II, 507. Betts, Andrew W., II, 507. Beverly Ford, I, 423; III, 557. Beverly, Hampton, III, 2, 3. Bevil, A., II, 462. Bickers, W. A., IV, 632. Bickett, T. W., IV, 329, 330. Biddle, J. W., I, 486. Biddle, S. S., Ill, 504. Bienvenu, Lt, IV, 26. Big Creek Gap, III, 676; IV, 274. Big Sewell Mountain, II, 278. Biggers, J. B., IV, 580. Biggs, John D., Ill, 504. Biggs, William, II, 2, 13; IV, 548. Big Round Top, I, 556. Bikle, L. A., IV, 609. Billingsley, Edward, I, 725. Billingsley, J. I., I, 732. Bingham, Alvin, III, 223. Bingham, G. A., V, 627. Bingham, Green L., Ill, 588, 606. Bingham, Harvey H, IV, 371, 401; V, 287, 295. Bingham, Robert, III, 21, 23; IV, 705; V, 210. Bingham's Battalion, IV, 401. Binion, A. H., II, 405, 427; IV, 641. Bird, A. L., Ill, 482. Bird, Francis W., I, 110, 118, 584, 590, 591, 599; V, 11, 88, 131. Bird, Joshua C, II, 705. Birkhead, Solon G., Ill, 316. Birkhead, B. W., IV, 722. Bisaner, C. F„ IV, 28. Biscoe, H. L., IV, 551. Bishop, George, II, 80. Bishop, T. N., I, 137. Bizzell, James A., II, 112; IV, 635. Bizzelle, A. T., I, 385. Black, Calvin M., I, 561. Black, D. A., II, 676. Black, Duncan, II, 685. "Black Fox," Capt, IV, 119. Black, G. W., V, 193. Black, James A., Ill, 223, 229. Black, Kenneth, I, 213; IV, 632. Black, W. H, I, 563. Black, William M., II, 593; III, 152. Black, Zero, V, 602. Blackburn, A. W., II, 675, 678. Blackburn, James O., II, 139; V, 194. Blackburn, Julius O, III, 225, 237. Blackford, B. L., IV, 425. Blackley, E. J., IV, 399. Blacknall, C. C, I, 644; II, 185, 188, 189, 197, 255; IV, 705; V, 10. Blackmer, E. B., Ill, 686. Blackmer, E. G., I, 369. Blackney, Julius C, IV, 641. "Blacks & Whites," III, 538, 611; IV, 87, 93; V, 673. Black Warrior, V, 304, 307, 310. Blackwater, Fort on, V, 83. Blackwater River, Service on, III, 321, 458. Blackwelder, Benj. F., II, 119. Blackwelder, "Joe," III, 618. Blackwelder, J. A., II, 791, 806. Blackwell, John N, II, 165, 166. Blackwell, Thos. J., II, 622. Blackwood, Washington, III, 355. Blain, J. A., IV, 723. Blair, John O, I, 460, 485, 782; IV, 721. Blair, J. Caldwell, III, 432. Blair, M. B., II, 353, 358, 371, 372, 397. 746 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Blair, Milton, P., II, 304. Blair, W. M., I, 441, 485. Blake, Fred'k, II, 292; IV, 482, 493. Blake, F. B., V, 244. Blake, Fred R., V, 201, 205. Blakely Battery, V, 229. Blakemore, II, 719. Blalock, Alfred, IV, 100, 104. Blalock, Jno. C, II, 485, 493. Blalock, L. M., II, 330. Blalock, Samuel, II, 330. Blalock, William B., Ill, 20. Blalock, W. T., Ill, 203. Bland, Christopher C, II, 636. Bland, J. J., Ill, 23. Blanks, Wm., Ill, 503. Blanton, G., II, 676. Blanton, S. T., IV, 386. Blasengame, John IV, 109. Blasingame, John G., II, 89, 91. Blasingame, J. L., I, 486. Blaylock, Jas. A., II, 292. Blaylock, John, IV, 99. Bledsoe, H., Ill, 356. Bledsoe, Moses A., I, 23, 24. Bledsoe, Powhatan, II, 630; IV, 637; V, 240. Blevins, P., Ill, 434. Blizzard, A. B., II, 462. Blizzard, D. P., Ill, 352, 356. Blizzard, J. D., Ill, 366. Blockade Runners, names of V, 357, 678. Blockade Running, IV, 319, 332; V, 353. Blockade Running, Termination of, V, 355. Blocker, Chas H, II, 269, 630, 641, 643; V, 228, 230, 239. Blocker, O. H, II, 630. Bloodworth, J. H, III, 457; IV, 705, 723. Bloodworth, Jesse F., II, 64, 72. "Bloody Angle," III, 47; V, 78. "Bloody Lane," I, 166, 187, 248 V, 78, 590. Blount, B. J., IV, 705. Blount, Benjamin H., Ill, 296. Blount, David (colored), III, 403. Blount, George W., Ill, 288. Blount, Jno., V, 46, 278, 279. Blount, Jno. G., II, 745, 746. Blount, John M., I, 501. Blount, Richard H., II, 746, 747. Blount, Thomas H., I, 230, 268. Blount, Richard, I, 489, 502. Blount, Wm. A., I, 485; II, 23; IV, 472, 633. Blount, William H., I, 652; III, 84. Blount's Battalion, IV, 362. Blount's Creek, (or Mill), I, 588; III, 172, 234; IV, 361, 557. Blountsville, Tenn, III, 664, 742. Blue, Evander McN, II, 600, 627; IV, 721. Blue, J. A. B., Ill, 76, 82. Blue Springs, III, 740. Blume, George O, III, 223. Board of Claims, I, 45. Bobbitt, A., IV, 399. Bobbitt J. M., V, 265. Bobbitt P. A., V, 265. Bobbitt, T. H, V, 194. Bobbitt, S. H., I, 233. Bogan, James, II, 705. Boggan, James, III, 2. Boggan, John A., Ill, 3. Boggan, Wm. O, II, 304, 397. Boggan, Walter J., Ill, 1, 2. Boggan, W. W„ III, 3. Bogle, G. W., Ill, 356. Boggs, Francis J., IV, 355. Boggs. J., II, 462. Bogue, Richard, V, 282. Bohannon, S. S., IV, 721. Boisseau's Farm, (or House), I, 436; III, 472; IV, 88, 89. Bolick, Robert A., I, 377, 467. Bolin, Alexander, III, 203. Bolin, J., Ml, 356. Bolivar Heights, I, 206; II, 473, 553, 585; III, 13; V, 77, 685. Bolles, Chas. P., |V, 296, 298. Bond, F. W., I, 136. General Index. 747 Bond, M., Ill, 458. Bond, R. H. L., Ill, 714. Bond, W. J., I, 291. Bond, William R, III, 3; IV, 513, 518, 257, 705. Bond, — . — .. Maj., V, 631. Bone, David, II, 540. Boney, W. F., II, 496. Bonneau, Frank, V, 194. Bonner, Bryan S., I, 231. Bonner, B. T., I, 233. Bonner, James, 1, 239; V, 664. Bonner, J. M., I, 735. Bonner, Macon, II, 746, 762. Bonner, Bryan T., I, 270; V, 664. Bonner, W. O. L., IV, 701. Bonner, William V., I, 734; IV, 634. Booe, A. M., IV, 653, 654. Booe, William E., Ill, 530, 550, 587. Booe's Home Guards, IV, 653. Booker, Abraham, II, 706. Booker, P. P., I, 735. Booles, J. O, V, 194. Boomer, Benjamin, III, 723. Boomer, Caleb S., II, 540, 578. Bombshell, The, V, 321. Boon, Jacob, III, 85; IV, 99. Boonsboro, I, 244, 625, 627; II, 219; IV, 447. Boone, J. B. F., I, 113. Boone, Jesse B., IV, 91, 339, 705. Boone, Lt, IV, 113. Boone, H. A., II, 301. Boone, J. D., I, 136. Boone, Thomas D., I, 137, 150, 154. Boone, W. R., I, 120; III, 219. Boone's Mill, II, 614, 616; III, 330; IV, 572. Booth, John C, IV, 295. Boothe, John G., II, 80, 82, 87, 88. Bordeaux, Richard L., IV, 107. Borden, E. B., Ill, 161, 202. Borden, James O, I, 486. Borden, W. H., Ill, 161, 202, 203, 334; IV, 334. Borough, William C, I, 655. Bost, A. T., Ill, 65, 76, 78, 82. Bost, Jackson L., II, 670; IV, 474. Bost, R. A., Ill, 82. Bostic, Thomas J., Ill, 3, 11, 20. Bostick, S. E., Ill, 203. Boswell, Joe, IV, 298. Boswell, Thos., IV, 298. Boswell, William S., I, 285. Boteler's Mill, Fight at, II, 34. "Bottling Up of Butler," II, 4. Bowen, E. G., II, 508, 512. Bowen, Geo. F., V, 374. Bowen, Henry, V, 194. Bouchell, T. S., I, 136, 142; IV, 129, 133, 400. Bouldin, Ephraim, II, 165, 166. Bourden, B. O, IV, 303. Bourgin, F., II, 582. Boushall, Jos. D., II, 539, 562, 578; IV, 467. Bowden, L. H., IV, 221. Bowden, Wm., Ill, 366. Bowen, Wm., Ill, 378. Bowen, Capt, III, 322; V, 669. Bowers, Frank, II, 224. Bowers, Green, III, 354. Bowers, James, I, 234. Bowers, Giles, III, 146. Bowling, Joseph M., II, 771. Bowman, Jacob W., Ill, 432. Bowman, John, I, 732; V, 602. Boyce,. C. B., I, 585. Boyd, Andrew J., Ill, 35, 38; IV, 650. Boyd, (Miss) Belle, IV, 663. Boyd, B. F., I, 586. Boyd, George, III, 723. Boyd, John H., Ill, 411. Boyd, McD., IV, 25, 28. Boyd, Samuel H, III, 36, 37, 54; IV, 705; V, 10. Boydton Plank Road, III, 627; V, 674. Boyette, Larry B., I, 158, 175. Boykin, Irvin, I, 175. Boykin, L. W., I, 734. Boykin, M. V., I, 485. 748 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Boykin, Solomon, III, 206, 220. 308, 473, 537, 682; IV, 155, 165, Boykin, Edward A., Ill, 348. 465, 472, 473; V, 9, 10, 57, 79, 649. Boykin, Thos. J., II, 306, 395, 412; Branch, L. O'B., (Mrs.), II, 579. IV, 630, 636. Branch, W. A. B., IV, 537. Boykin's Depot, V, 271. Branch-Lane-Barry Brigade, IV, Boyle, F. A., II, 523. 435, 465. Boyle, M. F., II, 408. Branch's Brigade, I, 12, 365, 366, Boyles, Alexander, III, 263. 370; II, 468, 654; III, 134; IV, Boynton, H. V., V, 170. 166, 437; V, 588, 589. Brabble, E. O, II, 521, 522, 529, Brandon, Joseph, III, 587. 530; III, 49; IV, 255, 515; V, 10. Brandon, W. C, III, 686. Brabble, Jno. J., II, 747. Brandy Station, I, 253, 423, 426, Bracken, Thos., Ill, 587. 462, 717; II, 89, 90; III, 5, 461, Braddy, K. J., I, 120; II, 634; V, 472, 531, 532, 557, 559, 577; IV, 239. 110, 183, 253; V, 628. Bradford, J. A., II, 119. Brantly, B. F., Ill, 203. Bradford, J. A. J., I, 500, 518, 525; Brantley, John, III, 203. IV, 294, 299, 347; V, 9, 44, 680. Brantley's Brigade, III, 497. Bradford, John R., II, 119. Branson, L., Ill, 77, 454; IV, 442. Bradford, N G., II, 336, 358, 372, Branson, Thomas A., Ill, 81. 397; IV, 701, 705, 721. Braswell, Robert M., V, 601. Bradford, W. B., IV, 705. Braswell, R. W., V, 602. Bradford, W. W., V, 602. Braswell, W. D., I, 736. Bradley, John H, IV, 178. Bratten, J. L., I, 136. Bradley, J. G., II, 507. Bray, S. O, II, 63. Bradley, J. J., I, 231. Brawley, John M., IV, 97. Bradley, Jas. Y., II, 512. Brawley, W. R. J., I, 234. Bradley, Marcus, II, 113. Braxton, E. M., IV, 503, 512. Bradley, R. H, I, 100; V, 577, 579. Bray, Benjamin F., I, 158. Bradley, Lorenzo, II, 736. Bray, William P., Ill, 314. Bradshaw, Chas. W., II, 789, 797, Braysville, Ga., Ill, 678. 805; IV, 538. Breedlove, Jas. A., II, 186. Bradshaw, J. A., IV, 650. Breedon, William, I, 767; II, 737. Bradshaw, Jno., II, 540, 579. Breese, K. R., V, 241, 244. Bradshaw, Nathan, V, 602. Breitz, Edw. A., II, 371, 372, 396, Bradshaw, William F., Ill, 453. 397; IV, 702. Bradshaw, W. S., IV, 99, 101, 104. Brem, Charlie, III, 619. Bragg, Ex-Gov. Thomas, I, 9. Brem, M. S., Ill, 117. Braim, D. L., V, 242. Brem, T. H., I, 537, 538; IV, 650; Brame, J. M., II, 496. V, 668. Branch, C, I, 137. Brem's Battery, I, 4; II, 310, 313, Branch, H. K., IV, 705. 321, 429, 542, 594; III, 162, 165; Branch, J. F., IV, 365, 368. V, 668. Branch, Jno. H., IV, 91. Brenizer, A. G., IV, 129, 131, 400. Branch, J. G., Ill, 219. Brent, Oscar J., IV, 473, 611. Branch, L. O'B., I, xi, 9, 23, 48, Brewer, James, I, 232. 365, 366, 371, 372, 608; II, 20, 71, Brewer, R., Ill, 710. General Index. 749 Brewer, S. W., II, 304, 330, 365, Brittain, Ben., IV, 111, 115. 371, 372, 374, 396, 397, 416, 419, Brittain, James, III, 474. IV, 705. Brittain's Battalion, IV, 652. Brewer, William C, I, 161, 162. Britton, Jesse T., IV, 91, 339. Brewer, W. T., Ill, 1, 3; IV, 638. Britton, O. J., I, 120, 584. Brewer, W., I, 735. Broadfoot, Chas. W., I, 117, 118; Brevard, J. A., II, 493. Ill, 681, 721; IV, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, Brigade Organization, IV, 435. 17, 37, 53, 499, 587, 594; V, 650, Briggs, B. F., I, 751; III, 295, 307, 663. 310, 433, 447; IV, 137, 462, 463, Broadhurst, D. J., II, 112. 636, 644. Broadhurst, Thomas W., II, 113. Briggs, Peter M., II, 747. Broadnax, J. G., IV, 627, 629. Bright, John J., IV, 303. Broadnax, Jno. W., IV, 569, 572, Brinchfield, Stanlin, II, 166. 577. Brindle, Daniel, II, 64. Broadnax, W. E., I, 486; IV, 569, Bringle, John, I, 574. 577. Brinkle, Thomas, 1, 378. Brock, J. W., Ill, 78, 81. Brinkley, James, I, 176; III, 715. Brock, Jas. V., II, 790, 806. Brinkley, Wm., II, 539. Brockenborough's Brigade, III, Brinson, William N., Ill, 20. 300. Bristol, Geo. E., II, 705. Brodie. E. G., Ill, 268. Bristol, Lambert A., IV, 42, 52, 56, Bromley, C. R., IV, 721. 595. Brook Church, III, 602. Brice, Bailey, III, 319. Brook, Thos., II, 539. Brice, John D., I, 292. Brookfield, Jacob, I, 281. Brickell, Sterling, I, 642. Brooks, H. O, The Brig, V, 43. Bridgeman, Laban, III, 723. Brooks, Rev. H. E., IV, 245. Bridgers, Alfred W., Ill, 2, 3. Brooks, Jas. M., II, 366, 374. Bridgers, George V., I, 557. Brooks, John S., II, 111, 118, 121, Bridgers, H. N., Ill, 481. 126, 242; V, 12. Bridgers, J. L., I, 77, 90, 94, 95, Brooks, J. Thomas, II, 770. 113, 118, 125, 489, 500, 502, 515, Brooks, R. H, I, 553, 554, 558. 551; V, 650. Brooks, Royal, III, 474. Bridgers, Hon. R. R., I, 16. Brooks, Terrell, IV, 97. Bridgers, Sidney H., Ill, 84. Brooks, T. H., IV, 100. Bridgman, Seth, II, 747. Brooks, T. J., I, 119. Brigade Histories, IV, 433 — 596. Brooks, W. A., II, 476. Bristoe Campaign, I, 149, 426, 544; Brooks, Wm. F., V, 239. Ill, 465, 574. Brooks, Wm. M., I, 772; III, 317. Bristoe Station, I, 288, 382, 592, Brooks, Wm. T., II, 630, 635, 651. 720, 742; II, 378, 381, 478, 569, Brookshire, W. F., Ill, 226. 587, 663; III, 25, 42, 72, 92, 117, Broughton, Gaston H., II, 371, 372, 241, 244, 536; IV, 184, 505, 562, 380, 390, 403, 419; IV, 705; V, V, 672. 152. Britt, Frank" J., I, 731. Brothers, J. W., IV., 722. Britt, Geo. W., I, 159. Brower, William, IV, 473. Britt, John, III, 714. Brown, A. D., IV, 361. 750 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Brown, Adam, IV, 298. Brown, Owen N., IV, 268, 474; V, Brown, A. H, II, 497; IV, 705, 723. 12. Brown, A. J., II, 765. Brown, Peter M., II, 461. Brown, A. J., (64th), III, 660; IV, Brown, P. P., (Col. N. York), IV, 705. 717. Brown, Alsa J., II, 675, 678, 686, Brown, Robert C, III, 22. 689, 690, 691, 692. Brown, R. B., I, 485. Brown, B. A., II, 120. Brown, R. D., I, 233. Brown, Hon. Bedford, I, 65. Brown, R. H., I, 768. Brown, Bedford, III, 24. Brown, Robt. W., V, 193. Brown, Bedford, Surgeon, II, 269; Brown, S. J., Ill, 673. Ill, 1; IV, 635, 638. Brown, Thos. E., IV, 386, 392. Brown, B. R., Ill, 675, 673, 677, 681, Brown, Thomas J., I, 231, 269, 271; 683; IV, 15, 16. II, 790, 791, 807; IV, 538. Brown, Calvin S., I, 78, 1.19, 584. Brown, Thomas W., II, 20. Brown, D. F., Ill, 516; IV, 705. Brown, Van., IV, 245, 256. Brown, Dempsey S., IV, 259. Brown, W., II, 462. Brown, Frank, III, 600, 640, 642, Brown, William, Lt, I, 231, 234. 647, 651, 652, 653. Brown, W. C, Surgeon, II, 789, Brown, George H, III, 2, 223. 805; IV, 638. Brown, H. A., I, 135, 136, 140, 146, Brown, Wm. O, Lt, III, 730. 149, 155, 193, 209, 372, 450, 459; Brown, Wm. H., II, 485. V, 595. Brown, W. H., IV, 303, 306. Brown, Hezekiah, Ml, 2, 3. Brown, W. L., Ill, 366. Brown, I. W., Ill, 85. Brown, W. M., IV, 629. Brown, Jas., V, 243. Brown, W. P., IV, 131. Brown, J. A., IV, 349. Brown, William S., Ill, 405. Brown, J. A. O, II, 165, 166. Brown, Wyatt M., II, 1; IV, 634. Brown, James D., Ill, 20. Browne, London, II, 276. Brown, Jesse, III, 355. Brumley, O. K., IV, 705. Brown, John B., IV, 463. Bryan, Billie, I, 163. Brown, J. D., II, 668. Bryan, Chas. L., II, 746. Brown, John E., I, 361, 365; II, Bryan, D. O., II, 80, 89. 789, 804; IV, 472, 527, 538, 539; Bryan, Edward K., I, 163. V, 15. Bryan, Edward K., I, 163; II, 511, Brown, J. F., Ill, 380. 518, 519, 520; V, 167. Brown, J. H, II, 64. Bryan, Fred D., II, 125. Brown, John Kent, IV, 418. Bryan, George P., I, 435; ||, 80, Brown, J. M., I, 621. 89, 96, 104; IV, 705. Brown, J. W., Ill, 108. Bryan, Geo. W., IV, 353, 354. Brown, Jones, V, 290, 291, 292, Bryan, James A., I, 59; ||, 594; 294, 295. IV, 472. Brown, LaFayette W., Ill, 20. Bryan, Jas., 1 1, 771. Brown, Lawson, Ml, 409. Bryan, James, Hon., I, 15. Brown, Murray, III, 680. Bryan, Jesse L., II, 80. Brown, Nathaniel L., Ill, 84; IV, Bryan, John G., IV, 474. 702, 705. Bryan, John W., Ill, 84. General Index. 751 Bryan, Jno. H. P., II, 544. Bryan, Johnson H., I, 486. Bryan, Jos. B., IV, 353. Bryan, S. H, II, 512. Bryant, Jno. G., II, 653. Bryant, Ruflin L., II, 507, 512. Bryce, John Y., II, 791, 807; III, 457. Bryce, William, III, 457; V, 663, 664. Bryson, A. W., I, 758. Bryson, (Ensign), II, 739. Bryson, Jno. G., II, 653. Bryson, J. N, IV, 117. Bryson, Sam. O, II, 292, 294, 297. Bryson, Thaddeus D., II, 292, 301. Bryson, W. H, II, 291; IV, 705. Bryson, Walter M., II, 605; III, 516; V, 76. Buchan, Geo. O, II, 746, 756, 760; V, 240. Buchanan, Battery, V, 219, 220, 221, 223, 225, 226. Buckittsville, I, 421. "Buckland Races," I, 428, 457; III, 584. Buckner, Taylor, IV, 115. Buckstarf, A., V, 39. Budd, A. V., IV, 637. Buffaloes, IV, 16; V, 374. Buford's Bridge, III, 189. Buford's Gap, I, 205; III, 12. Buhmaun, Beaman G. W., I, 120, 128. Buie, J. D., IV, 297, 620. Buie, Neil M., II, 769. Buie, S. T., II, 64. Bullahoa, Lorenzo, I, 577. Bullard, David S., IV, 723. Bullard, Elisha, II, 114. Bullard, W. W., II, 64. Bullock, B. F., II, 184, 185. Bullock, G. B., II, 121, 187, 231, 238, 244. Bullock, John T., II, 185; IV, 722. Bullock, Riley, II, 544. Bullock, R. H., I, 606, 651. Bullock, W. A., Ill, 219. Bullock, William J., Ill, 287. Bullock, Walter, IV, 42. Bullock, Capt, of steamer, V, 386. Bull Run, II, 30, 31, 682; III, 582; IV, 227. Bull Run Mountains, V, 676. Bumgarner, W. P., Ill, 453. Bunch, Nehemiah, III, 714. Buncombe, Junius, III, 496. Buncombe Riflemen, III, 497. Buncombe Rifles, I, 125. Bunford, W. B., IV, 705. Bunker Hill, I, 154, 207; III, 14. Bunn, B. H., Ill, 84; V, 667. Bunn, Elias, I, 609; V, 667. Bunting, D. E., IV, 221. Bunting, J. B., Ml, 686. Bunting, Samuel R., IV, 221. Bunting's Battery, IV, 325, 326. Burch, -, Lt., II, 299. Burch, James A., Ill, 202, 203. Burdett, W., V, 244. Burgess, Edw. W., II, 537. Burgess, Jos. J., II, 463. Burgess' Mill, I, 601, 682; III, 32, 98, 112, 145, 249, 472, 724; IV, 88, 566, 576. Burgin, Alney, II, 162, 163, 165, 166. Burgin, Chas. H, II, 165, 166. Burgin, Elisha, IV, 118. Burgin, John A., I, 120, 585. Burgin, J. B., II, 166. Burgin, Jno. M., II, 166; IV, 723. Burgin, Jno. W. I, 120, 585. Burgin, Samuel D., IV, 386. Burgwyn, Henry K., I, 126, 589; II, 304, 407, 593; III, 319; IV, 138, 555; V, 10, 111, 120, 133, 601, 650. Burgwyn, W. H. S., II, 423, 605, 608, 613, 614, 628; IV, 482, 486, 591, 493, 497, 569; V, 205. Burke, Jas. E., II, 535. Burke, Jas. P., I, 232, 269. 752 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Burke, Joseph K., IV, 69. Burke Rifles, I, 125. "Burke Tigers," IV, 148. Burkhart, George, IV, 298. Burkhart, Joe., IV, 298. Burkhart, Phillip, IV, 297, 298. Burkhart, Phillip Jr., IV, 298. Burkhead, B. W., II, 166, 172. Burkhead, Wm. A., I, 232. Burleyson, Jesse M., II, 293; III, 348. Burnet, J. A., Ml, 516. Burnett House, III, 514. Burnett, Thomas S., Ill, 263. Burnett, Orlander, I, 557. Burney Place, III, 174. Burney, Wm. C, II, 402. Burns, J. A., II, 163. Burns, J. H, I, 345, 354. Burr, Jas. G., I, 56; IV, 650, 652; V, 359. Burr's Regiment, (Home guards), IV, 440. Burroughs, W. H. H., II, 462. Burroughs, . V, 406, 407. Capt Steamer. Burrows, E., I, 137. Burt, James G., I, 175. Burton, Andrew J., IV, 51. Burton, Augustus W., I, 606, 607; III, 19. Burton, Jas. T., IV, 701, 702. Burton, J. L., I, 233. Burwell, John B., Ill, 261. Burwell, P. L., Ill, 202. Burwell, R. B., Ill, 261. Burwell, Robert T, III, 2, 3; V, 664. Busbee, C. M., I, 289, 291; IV, 723; V, 619, 625. Busbee, Fabius H, IV, 42, 583. Busbee, Wm. J., II, 507, 511; IV, 636. Bush Hill II, 519, 520; III, 217; IV, 22, 328. Bushall, Wm. J., I, 525. Bushwhackers, III, 664. Busick, Andrew J., II, 166, 172, 178. Butler, H. A., IV, 503. Butler, Ransom, I, 551. Butler, Rees H., IV, 298. Butler, T. A., Ill, 731, 744. Butler, Thomas, III, 760. Butler's Bridge, III, 720; IV, 16. Butner, E. J., Ill, 409. Butner, Francis A., II, 537. Butner, Will N„ II, 537. Butt H. F., IV, 637. Buxton, S. N, II, 89, 98. Byars, J. S., I, 734. Byers, Augustus, I, 258, 271. Bynum, Joseph A., Ill, 22; IV, 638. Bynum, Lewis, III, 686. Bynum, William P., I, 157. Byrd, C. R., Ill, 433, 435. Byrd, David S., Ill, 203; IV, 40, 52. Byrd, S. D., IV, 650. Byrd, S. M., II, 769; IV, 614. Byrd, W. J., IV, 705. Byrd, Wm. S., Ill, 504. Byrne, M. A., II, 20. Cabiness, H. D., I, 734. Cabiness, Joseph B., Ill, 296; IV, 706. Cabiness, T. P., Ml, 348. Caffey, W. F., I, 402. Cagle, M., Ill, 366. Cahill, John, III, 588. Cahill, T. J., I, 380; IV, 706. Cahill, John O, III, 651. Caho, Joseph M., I, 160. Caho, W. T., Ill, 725. Cahoon, Thomas, III, 314. Cahoon, Capt., V, 40, 41, 42, 48; V, 680. Cain, D. J., I, 233, 272. Cain, James P., iv, 353. Cain, L. D., II, 496. Cain, William, V, 637, 641, 643. Calder, J. A., II, 64. Calder, Robt. E., I, 158, 159; V, 25, 26. Calder, Wm., I, 164; IV, 5, 306, General Index. 753 313, 591; V, 25. Camp Woodfin, III, 669. Caldwell, Baxter, III, 570. Campbell, Amos A., II, 113. Caldwell, C. H. B., V, 243. Campbell, A. N, III, 601. Caldwell, Denson A., Ill, 555, 625, Campbell, D. A., V, 243. 654. Campbell, E. Mansfield, I, 377; IV, Caldwell Guards, II, 304. 467. Caldwell, J. A., II, 188. Campbell, Frank, V, 15. Caldwell, J. E., IV, 131. Campbell, H. H, III, 263. Caldwell, Jno., II, 539; V, 640. Campbell, J. A., Ill, 386. Caldwell, Julius A., IV, 632; V, 30. Campbell, M., IV, 590. Caldwell, Moses F., Ill, 224. Campbell, Reuben P., I, 361, 362, Caldwell, R. Baxter, III, 555. 365,472,538; II, 23, 310, 313, 317, Caldwell, Robt. M„ I, 378. 471, 547, 654; V, 9. "Caldwell Rough & Ready Boys," Campbell, T. R., Ill, 348. II, 162. Campbell, W. F., Ill, 263, 265. Caldwell, T. O, IV, 635. Campbell, Wesley M., I, 361, 362; Caldwell, Lt Co. D., 9th, I, 485. IV, 472, 632, 644. Call, W. H, IV, 72, 93. Campbell, Wm. H, II, 436. Callahan, David, IV, 107. Campbell, William H, (35th), II, Callahan R. S., IV, 216. 608, 621. Callais, Jno. D., II, 540, 562; IV, , Campe, J. W., Ill, 357. 467. Canady, Joshua, V, 193. Callais, Wm. J., II, 540, 578. Candler, C. N, HI, 473, 488, 662, Callis, Jno. B., V, 611-616. 665. Calloway, Abner S., Ill, 287. Candler, Thomas J., Ill, 475. Calton, Thos., V, 474. Candler, Wm. G., Ill, 474. Calvert, S. J., IV, 706. Candler, Z. M., IV, 702. Cameron, Jno. W., I, 23. Cane Creek Factory, IV, 102. Cameron, William, IV, 341, 353. Cane Creek Mountains, IV, 101. Camm, V, 306, 310. Midshipman. Canady, Wm. P., *, 525. Campaign of 1864, III, 591. Cannady, Evans A., II, 540. Campaign of 1865, III, 637. Cannady, Isaac G., Ill, 288; IV, Camp Daniel, IV, 14. 640. Camp, David C, ll, 785. Cannady, James M., V, 18. Camp Davis, IV, 42. Cannady, W. E., IV, 472. Camp Douglass, III, 663. Cannon, James O, III, 405, 409. Camp Gregg, IV, 175. Canonicus, The, V, 242, 245. Camp Floyd, II, 677. Cansler, James, III, 675, 684. Camp Holmes, IV, 42. Cantwell, Edward, I, 606; III, 19; Camp, J. A., IV, 701, 706. IV, 706. Camp, J. C, IV, 137, 216. Cantwell, John L., Ill, 205, 218, Camp Lamb, 111, 215. 456, 467; IV, 361, 483, 645, 718, Camp Mangum, I, 11; II, 511, 513, 719, 721; V, 25, 26, 27, 28, 664. 541. Cape Fear Light Artillery, V, 27. Camp McLean, IV, 50. Cape Fear Minute Men, V, 24, 27. Camp Ransom, IV, 10. Cape Fear River, IV, 427. Camp Vance, II, 486; IV, 42. Cape Romain, IV, 714. 48 754 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Capehart, B. A., IV, 365, 369. Carr, Titus, III, 709. Capehart, Cadmus, III, 714. Carraway, Daniel T., IV, 472. Capehart, Thomas, I, 110, 119; IV, Carraway, Jas. O, II, 304, 397. 264. Carraway, W. W., II, 771, 774. Capel, Thomas R., Ill, 224. Carraway, Jas. G., V, 46, 47, 50. Capell, R. W., II, 676, 677. Carrrier, Calvin C, II, 166. Capps, Henry, V, 194. Carrier, Joseph B., II, 582. Captain Bulla, IV, 295. Carrigan, W. A., IV, 392. Capture Before the War, V, 23. Carrington, Geo. W.. IV, 631. Captured Vessels, V, 438, 439, 440, Carrington, T. R., II, 178. 441, 445. Carroll, Benehan, I, 486. Carawan, Wm. R., II, 540, 578. Carroll, Francis M., Ill, 503. Caraway, Zack B., I, 234. Carroll, Levi, IV, 97. Carden, S. L., Ill, 357, 730, 744. Carroll, W. R., I, 556. Carlin, E., Ml, 348. Carroll, Engineer, V, 382, 384, 410. Carlton, Charles, 111, 224. Carson, Adolphus B., IV, 202. Carlton, F. A., I, 230, 231, 269; V, Carson, John, II, 304, 397; IV, 373. 665. Carswell, Robert M., V, 601. Carlton, F. D., V, 665. Carter, Albert, I, 711. Carlton, P. O, I, 378, 385; V. 665, Carter, A. O, I, 272. 666. Carter, Chas. R., II, 544. Carlton's Battery, I, 556. Carter, David M., I, 231, 244, 267; Carmack, A. R., Ill, 733. IV, 238, 239, 574; V, 8, 650. Carmady, Jas. M., V, 18. Carter, E. A., II, 668. Carmer, John R., I, 179, 228. Carter, J. H., I, 232, 272. Carmichael, Abner R., II, 303, 306, Carter, James E., Ill, 745. 311, 314, 317, 322, 328-9, 395-7; Carter, John, I, 569. V, 12. Carter, Melvin E., Ill, 660, 662. Carmichael, William W., Ill, 224. Carter, Robert A., (6th), V, 582. Carnes, James, IV, 118. Carter, Robt. A., (42nd), II, 790, Carney, A. S., II, 120. 806. Carolina Boys, II, 676. Carter, R. M., II, 495, 499. Carolina City, I, 490, 503. Carter, S. S., II, 305; III, 686. Carpenter, Color-bearer, IV, 191. Carter, Thomas M., Ill, 22. Carpenter, Elbert, III, 508. Carter, W. G., II, 305. Carpenter, J., Ill, 507. Carter, W. H., Ill, 23; IV, 10, 13. Carpenter, K. J., Ill, 189, 203. Carter, Purser of Ad- Vance, V 338. Carpenter, Philip, III, 422. Carter, IV, 394. Carpenter, Wyatt, III, 507. Carter's, Tenn., 739, 743. Carpenter, Philip W., Ill, 424. Cartland, J. M., V, 193. Carr, Albert S., II, 462. Caruth, W. P., Ill, 482. Carr, Elias (Gov.), II, 714; V, 169. Carver, Alexander R., |, 119; Ml Carr, J. O, II, 496. 313, 344, 352, 356. Carr, Julian S., II, 786; III, 635; Carver, E. A., I, 137; iv 722. IV, 582. Carver, W., Ill, 347. Carr, O. W., Ill, 81. Carver, John, 1,427. Carr, R. B., Ill, 3, 19; IV, 706, 722. Case, John, II, 64. General Index. 755 Case, John J., II, 605. Chadwick, N. N., I, 161, 162. Cash, A. G., I, 292. Chaffin's Bluff, II, 621. Cash, J. W., Ill, 675, 684. Chaffin's Farm, III, 275, 512. Cashtown, V, 114, 118. Chamberlain, Matthew, II, 145. Casey, George, I, 232. Chamberlain's Run, I, 439, 442, Cason, Samuel R., II, 462. 472, 476, 777; III, t>38, 654; V, - Casote, J. L., Ill, 357. 671. Cassell, D., V, 244. Chambers, Alex., Ill, 20. Cassidy, J., V, 438. Chambers, H. A., Ill, 128, 132, 144, Castleman's Ford, I, 172. 147, 152, 401. Caswell Rangers, 1 1, 770, 774. Chambers, Jack, V, 380, 381. Caswell Rifles, II, 162. Chambers, John Gregg, III, 473, Catawba Guards, II, 185. 484. Catawba Wildcats, II, 675. Chambers, Pinckney B., III. 127, Catharpin Road, Skirmish on, II, 152. 118. Chambers, Riley, III, 474. Cathey, A. A., IV, 723. Chambersburg, I, 421. Cathey, Benj. H., I, 752; II, 702; Chambray, John, III, 715. V, 666. Champion, C. W., II, 186, 236. Cathey, James M., II, 292, 299. Chancellorsville, I, 191, 250, 375, Cathey, J. L., Ill, 488. 554, 628, 667, 696, 714, 763; II, Catlett's Station, III, 578; IV, 185. 36, 39, 72, 121, 135, 171, 227, 476, Catoctin Creek, I, 421. ' 477, 500, 559; IV, 172, 237, 467, Caudle, S. G., II, 166, 172. 552, 558; V, 93-9, 114, 665. Causey, H. O, IV, 13. Chancellorsville Campaign, I, 144. Cavanaugh, of Onslow Co., II, 283. Chancey, J. J., II, 64. Cavalry Brigades, IV, 436, 580-2. Chandler, J. J., IV, 100. Cavalry Review, III, 460, 557. Chandler, M., II, 485, 493. Cawsey, Jas. F., IV, 118. Chandler, W. B., IV, 723. Cazaux, Anthony D., II, 17, 20; Chanler, R., V, 242. IV, 472, 473. 4 Chaplain's Diary, IV, 600. Cedar Creek, I, 263, 327, 647; II, Chaplain Service, IV, 597; V, 680. 259, 533; III, 14, 55, 280, 422, Chapman, D. P., IV, 392. 755; V, 279. Chapman, Willie III, 482. Cedar Mountain, II, 150, 168, 680; Chapman, L\ F., II, 648; V, 234, IV, 159, 235; V, 71. 241. Cedar Run, I, 370, 623, 758; II, 28, Chappel, J. H., II, 184; IV, 701, 68, 124, 133, 472, 551, 584, 655; 706. IV, 465; V, 116. Charles, H. E., II, 164. Cemetery Hill, I, 312, 317; II, 136, Charles, J. G., I, 556. 171; III, 6, 237, 414; IV, 179; V, Charles, P. E., II, 168, 169. 143, 150, 152, 605, 609. Charleston, S. C, I, 391; II, 513; Cemetery Ridge, V, 102, 104, 120, IV, 485; V, 354. 121, 122, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, Charlestown, I, 154, 207. 137, 609. Charlotte Grays, I, 124. Centerville, II, 663; IV, 226; V, 30. Chase, Nathaniel, V, 300. Center Church, II, 13, 804. "Chase, Samuel," schooner, V, 39. 756 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Chastain, Chaplain, IV, 612. Chinnis, S. R., Ill, 219. Chatham Boys, II, 304. Choate, Wm. T., Ill, 504, 505. Chattanooga, II, 491; III, 500, 678; Chopin, Surgeon, IV, 626. IV, 120. Chippewa, The, V, 242, 245. Cheat Mountain, IV, 138. Chisenhall, J., Ill, 348. Cheatham, Edwin G., II, 189. Chitwood, Wm., Ill, 348. Cheatham, Isham G., Ill, 22. Christian, E. J., II, 183, 189, 201, Cheaves Benjamin, IV, 639. 206; V, 12. Cheek, A. W., I, 137. Christian, Wm. J., IV, 702, 706. Cheek, B. A., II, 162, 171; IV, 633, Christie, Daniel H., I, 644; II, 117, 635. 188, 192, 201, 225; V, 10, 644. Cheek, J. N, I, 418. Christmas Dinner, 1864, IV, 204. Cheek, W. H., I, 426, 428, 429, 435, Christmas, Guilford, servant, IV, 441, 443, 449, 466, 470, 474, 480, 251. 483, 484, 486, 778; II, 100, 781; Church, Redmond, V, 602. Ill, 639, 651; IV, 706; V, 210, 666. Church, , V, 294. "Cheek's Famine," I, 454. Churchill, Sergeant, Color-bearer, Chenault, W. W., Ill, 128, 153. I, 778; III, 641, 643, 647, 651, 652. Cherokee Indians, III, 757; IV, 124. Churchill, Sergt, I, 778. Cherry, Dr., IV, 104. Cilley, Clinton A., II, 714; V, xi, Cherry, G. O., Ill, 457; IV, 701, 169, 173. 706. City Point, II, 515; III, 114; IV, Cherry, James J., I, 706. 73, 742. Cherry, Joseph B., I, 387; III, 457, Civils, Virgil, II, 462. 462, 468. Claims, Board of, I, 45. Cherry, Joseph O., Ill, 458; IV, 339. Claiborn, R. F., II, 496. Cherry, Macon G., Ill, 23. Clanton, John B., I, 584. Cherry, W. D., II, 114. Clarendon Guards, IV, 402. Cherry, William L., Ill, 22, 23. Clark, Benj. A., II, 176. Cherry, Willis W., Ill, 686. Clark, C. O, II, 511. Chestnut C. L., II, 112. Clark, Chas. p., II, 269. Chestnut, Julius M., Ill, 503, 505. Clark, D. O, II, 269, 271; IV, 653. Chestnutt, Columbus L., IV, 341. Clark, Daniel J., II, 746, 765. Chestnutt, Owen L., IV, 420. Clark, David, I, xiii; IV, 645; V, 6. Chester, L. R., V, 245. Clark, Exum B., IV, 26l'. Chicamacomico, I, 388; V, 55, 56. Clark, Geo. M., II, 581, 586, 692; Chickahominy, I, 553, 567, 616, V, 12. "Chicamauga," Steamer, V, 225. Clark, Henry J. B., Jr., I, 161 162. Chickamagua, (battle), 1,767,768; Clark, H. J. B., II, 308,' 310,' 542 11,491,712, 735; 111,449,487, 490, 543, 594; IV, 647. ' 500, 679; V, 104, 169, 170, 354, Clark, Henry 't., (Gov) I 9 16 376, 397, 670. 22, 42, 80; II, 81 ; V, xiv, 581,' 63s! Childers, Jno., II, 539, 578. Clark, James M., Ill, 318, 355 392- Childers, Wm., Ill, 356. V, 191. Childs, Ebbin, III, 453. Clark, Jesse, III, 355, 380. Childs, Francis L., IV, 296-298, 413, Clark, Jim, I, 185. 421. Clark, John, III, 355, 366. General Index. 757 Clark, John T., I, 285. Clement, Wm. B., IV, 403; V, 627, Clark, John W., II, 582. 678. Clark, J. W., Ill, 482. Clements, W. W„ II, 772. Clark, Jos. B., II, 164, 165, 170, 171. Clements, Capt. 17th, V, 35, 39, Clark, J. A., Ill, 482. 40, 42; V, 680. Clark, , V, 287, 294. Clendennin, G. A., I, 735. Clark, J. N, III, 356. Clendenin, J. N. H, I, 735. Clark, S. P., Ill, 457; IV, 702, 706. Clewis, Zach, II, 64. Clark, Walter, I, vii; II, 166, 598, Clifton, F. A., II, 676. 603, 605, 611; III, 129, 656, 680; Clinard, Francis, II, 139. IV, 5, 10, 11, 12, 16, 21, 35, 57, 499, Clinard, F. C, V, 194. 587, 594; V, 74, 82, 353, 593, 640, Clinard, William, IV, 100. 651. Cline, J. M., IV, 617. Clark, Wm. B., II, 165, 171. Cline, M. O, II, 119. Clark Skirmishers, II, 772, 785. Clingman, Thomas L., I, xi, 397; Clarke, D. J., V, 240. II, 6, 291, 294, 513, 519, 723; III, Clarke, G. W., Ill, 263. 205, 213, 229, 231; IV, 345-6, 481, Clarke, J. C, V, 602. 484, 489, 493, 495; V, xii, 33, 167, Clarke, J. Ed., IV, 428. 175, 205, 584, 649. Clarke, William, V, 602. Clingman's Brigade, I, 390, 403-7, Clarke, W. J., II, 269, 271, 272, 279, 519; II, 518, 616, 798; III, 206, 280, 285, 332; III, 136, 138, 146, 214, 273, 357, 505, 511-13, 691; 212, 339, 353; IV, 569; V, 183, IV, 337, 435-42, 484, 489-95, 531; 184, 627, 650. V, 244. Clasby, Geo., IV, 298. Clinton, W. S., V, 194. Clasby, Jas., IV, 298. Clitz, J. M. B., V, 243. Claspy, John, IV, 298. Clodfelter, , Corporal, V, 628. Clay, G. P., II, 185. Cloninger, W. W., II, 475. Clay's Farm, IV, 362. Closs, Wm. A., I, 369. Clayton, Edward M., I, 118, 119; Clothing Furnished, I, 27; V, xiv. Ill, 473, 484, 493, 497. Cloud, A. S., IV, 174, 180, 184, 192, Clayton, Gideon E., Ill, 225. 706. Clayton, G. Westly, III, 515, 516, Clover Lick, IV, 141. 521, 524, 759; IV, 381. Clouts, J. M., V, 601. Clayton, Henry L., I, 234. Clowe, Hamson, IV, 298. Clayton, Robert M., I, 120; III, Clowe, John H, IV, 298. 474, 497. Clowe, Richard, IV, 298. Claywell, S. A., I, 232, 271. Clowe, W. H, IV, 298. Cleburne, Pat, II, 742. Coala, U. M., IV, 706. Clegg, M. D., Ill, 121. Coast Guard, IV, 401; V, 678. Clegg, Thomas J., Ill, 115. Cobb, Capt, I, 492, 511. Clement, B. O, IV, 72, 91, 93, 94. Cobb, A. J., IV, 365. Clement, Jesse A., I, 654; IV, 72, Cobb, Bryan W., I, 162. 92, 93. Cobb, Gaston D., I, 388. Clement, J. H, II, 791, 806. Cobb, George S., Ill, 23; IV, 706, Clement, Wiley A., II, 791, 792, 723. 806 Cobb, J. L., IV, 97. 758 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Cobb, John P., I, 162; IV, 460; V, 649. Cobb, Martin H., II, 166, 172. Cobb, N. B., IV, 601, 604, 607. Cobb, R. A., II, 185. Cobb, Stephen J., Ill, 217, 220. Cobb, W. H. H., I, 159, 160; III, 296; IV, 631. Cobb, Wiley J., Ill, 2, 3, 16. Cochran, David R., II, 581. Cochrane, C. J., II, 183. Cochrane, R. E., V, 672. Cockerham, D. S., Ill, 267; IV, 706, 721. Coddle, Jno., V, 193. Cody, Andrew J., II, 706. Coffee, J. E., V, 299. Coffey, A. J., V, 602. Coffey, Cleveland, V, 601. Coffey, D. D., Ill, 432. Coffey, Henry, V, 600, 601. Coffey, H. O, V, 602. Coffey, I. H, V, 601. Coffey, J. G., V, 601. Coffey, J. P., V, 602. Coffey, Thomas J., Ill, 433. Coffey, Thos. M., V, 601. Coffey, W. E., Ill, 433. Coffey, W. S., V, 602. Coffield, Cornelius H., II, 508. Coffield, J. B., I, 734; IV, 722. Coffin, G. W., V, 244. Cogdale, Adney, III, 348. Cogdale, Allen, III, 348. Cogdell, Daniel A., I, 489, 498, 501. 527, 535; Ml, 704, 706. Coggin, Jeremiah, II, 184, 244; IV, 706, 723. Coggin, Joseph B., Ill, 314, 331, 360. Coggins, Thomas, III, 668. Coggin's Point, I, 539; III, 622. Cogwell, David, I, 159. Cohen, A. D., IV, 615. Cohen, E. B., I, 77, 127. Coir, J. C, I, 732. Coke, George H., Ill, 225. Coke, Lucius C, I, 136; IV, 631. Cold Harbor, I, 172, 182, 205, 218, 242, 304, 323, 384, 404, 620, 640, 659, 694; II, 25, 114, 148, 149, 173, 211, 447, 471, 516, 547, 682, 798; III, 12, 54, 120, 358, 512, 688; IV, 157, 234, 488, 492, 532, 563; V, 16, 104, 258, 627. Cold Harbor, (second), I, 432, 677; II, 122, 480, 502; III, 211; IV, 198; V, 197, 205, 208. Cole, A. T., II, 184, 215, 224, 231, 242, 244; IV, 721. Cole, Barzillai F., II, 80. Cole, Columbus O, II, 162—171; IV, 159, 169; V, 11. Cole, Elisha, IV, 216. Cole, Hugh L., I, 161; IV, 27, 379, 381. Cole, James A., II, 89, 96. Cole, James H, III, 500. Cole, James R., II, 169, 179; IV, 650, 653; V, 629, 634. Cole, Jno. W., II, 184. Cole, Joseph, IV, 216. Cole, J. M., Ill, 476; IV, 705. Cole, Robt. W., II, 166, 169, 172, 178. Cole, Wm., Ill, 370. Cole, Wm. O, II, 206. Cole, W. W., IV, 701, 706. Coleman, A. W., I, 751, 758; II, 707; IV, 137, 158. Coleman, Dan., II, 118. Coleman, David, I, 767; II, 487, 492, 704, 711, 741; III, 517; IV, 442; V, xii, 4, 171, 650. Coleman, D. R., II, 113. Coleman, Henry, I, 441, 475, 486, 782; IV, 110. Coleman. Henry E., I, 607, 642; II, 119. Coleman, Levi P., Ill, 2, 3. Coleman, McQueen, II, 118, 125; IV, 706. Coleman, Milton, I, 660. Coleman, Robt. L., I, 118, 585; III, 473, 497; IV, 115. General Index. 759 Coleman, S. H., IV, 462, 463. Coleman, Thaddeus, I, 501, 507; III, 432, 444, 454, 497; IV, 418. Coleman, Yancey, I, 660. Coleman, 1st Lt, V, 668. Coleraine Expedition, IV, 29, 392. Coletrane, D. B., Ill, 589, 625, 641. Colhoun, E. R., V, 242. "Col. Hill," steamer, V, 36, 51, 64. "Col. Lamb," steamer, V, 339, 340. Collett, E., II, 795. Collett, W. A., Ill, 432; IV, 630, 632, 641. Collett, William J., I, 731. Colley, L. R., I, 176. Collier, Samuel P., I, 175. Collins, B. M., I, 627, 639, 650; II 265, 267. Collins, C. R., IV, 418. Collins, E. W., II, 118. Collins, Geo. P., II, 407, 408, 414; IV, 555, 556. Collins, H. H, III, 660. Collins, James A., IV, 354, 379. Collins, Jno., II, 495. Collins, Jno. A., IV, 91. Collins, Josiah, I, 51. Collins, Kimsey, III, 750. Collins, R. P., Ill, 203. Collins, Samuel P., II, 512. Collins, W. B., II, 114. Collins, Maj., I, 249. Collins' Engineer Corps, IV, 415. Collis, S. M., IV, 612. Colorado, The, V, 242, 244, 245. Colquitt's Brigade, III, 691; IV, 312; V, 199, 203, 205, 241. Colston's Brigade, IV, 441. Colston, R. E., I, 655, 709. Colton, James H., Ill, 261; IV, 618. Columbus Guards, I, 124. Colvin, T. R., II, 64. Comic Battle, III, 74. "Committee of Safety," V, 24. Companies, Unattached, IV, 401. "Company Q," I, 61, 425. Compton, James W., Ill, 23. Conaby Creek, I, 398; II, 617; V, 176, 182, 183, 186. Condell, — . — ., IV, 245. Confederate Grays, IV, 420. "Confederate Pike," III, 162. "Confederate Point," V, 217, 218. Congleton, Ashley, II, 746. "Congress," The, V, 332. Conigland, Edward, IV, 646. Conley, C. O., Ill, 433, 447; V, 670. Conley, H. C, III, 138. Conley, Jas., II, 485; III, 731, 747. Conley, J. A., II, 771. Conley, J. O, III, 432. Conley, Jno. H., II, 610. Conley, J. T., II, 165. Conley, Robert P., Ill, 731, 743, 750, 759, 761. Conly, H. Clay, I, 734. Conly, J. A. P., II, 189. Conly, T. W„ V, 193. Conly, W., Ill, 433. Conn, D. G., IV, 404; V, 666. Connally, John K., Ill, 287, 291, 295, 302; IV, 6, 108, 182, 225, 440, 508; V, 110. Connally's Brigade, IV, 440. Connell, Ira J., II, 497. Conn ell, J. W., II, 624. Connelly, H. W., IV, 42, 595. Connelly, W. A., I, 120. Conner, E. C, III, 753. Conner, James, II, 168, 170, 388, 679, 781; III, 333, 469, 565; IV, 155, 557; V, 212. Conolly, Burrel, V, 290. Connolly, Jas. Harvey, V, 293. Connor, Charles F., Ill, 128, 153. Conrad, Jas. H, II, 540, 578. Conrad, Joseph, II, 789, 805. Conrad, S. F., IV, 387, 396. Conscript Bureau, IV, 407. Conspiracy, IV, 321. Conscription, Enforcing, II, 733. "Constitution," ship, V, 385. Cook, B. B., IV, 100. 760 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Cook, Benjamin, I, 164. Coosawhatchie, IV, 101. Cook, Charles Betts, I, 78, 91, 120, Cope, E. B., V, 110. 127. Cope, E. W., Ill, 300. Cook, Jas. M., Ill, 223, 229. Copeland, Lt, II, 89. Cook, Jonas, I, 401, 404. Copeland, Wm., IV, 298. Cook, J. F., V, 194. Copeland, Winfield S., IV, 629. Cook, J. T., I, 609, 620, 629. Coppedge, John H., Ill, 2, 3. Cook, Richard F., Ill, 223. Coppedge, W. B., IV, 12. Cook, T. D., I, 555. Coppens, Alt, II, 766. Cook, W. P., Ill, 473. Corbett, Carr B., I, 113. Cook, W. R., Ill, 482. Corbett George W., II, 46; IV, Cooke, Oliver D., II, 271. 722. Cooke's Brigade, I, 262, 385, 471, Corbett, Warren, I, 176. 741, 743, 745; II, 45, 58, 178, 379, Corbett, Wm., II, 462. 388, 480, 575, 609, 695, 781; III, Corbett, Wm. S., I, 734; III, 152. 26, 30, 72, 78, 92, 97, 116, 242, Corbin, , Sergt., II, 739. 249, 290, 311, 330; IV, 184, 435, Corbit, Augustus, I, 291. 437, 442, 458, 482, 501, 565; V, Corbitt, W. M., Ill, 189, 203. xiii, 208, 209, 211, 212. Corcoran, Col., IV, 747. Cooke, C. L., II, 675, 678. Cord, John, IV, 298. Cooke, C. M., Ill, 288, 296, 304; V, Cordon, W. W., V, 43. xi, 669. Core Creek, I, 742; III, 173. Cooke, Henry, V, 327. Corl, G. F. O, IV, 25, 28. Cooke, James W., I, xiv; II, 616; Corn, F. M., IV, 111, 115. Ill, 9, 177, 338; IV, 404, 573; V, Corn, John, IV, 218. 181, 188, 192, 298, 303, 312, 318, Cornehlson, O, II, 16; V, 27. 320, 321, 322, 323, 396. Cornell, Engineer, V, 43. Cooke, John R., I, xi, 741, 743; II, Cornish, Wilie A., II, 64. 427,461; III, 68, 72; IV, 442, 501, "Cornubia," (vessel), II, 632; V, 511, 565, 568. 406, 407. Cooley, Thos L., IV, 702, 706. Corpening, David J., IV, 69. Combs, N. P., Ill, 357. Corpening, Julius A., Ill, 316. Coon, David A., I, 120, 133, 585; Correll. E. M., I, 378. IV, 722. Correll, J. W., IV, 198. Cooper, D. M., IV, 245, 252. Correll, Phillip A., Ill, 223, 229. Cooper, George W., Ill, 223. Corse's Brigade, III, 273, 274, 333; Cooper, Jas. W., Ill, 731, 743. IV, 491. Cooper, John A., IV, 241, 242. Costin, S. B., II, 64. Cooper, Jno. C. E., II, 539, 578; IV, Cotten, M. A., II, 2, 5. 723. Cotten, Richard O, III, 21, 22, 23. Cooper, L. R., I, 435. Cotten, Richard O, III, 504, 505; Cooper, Robert, III, 484, 493; IV, IV, 706. 641. Cotten, Thos., Ill, 507. Cooper, Samuel, II, 778; III, 381, Cotten, W. J., II, 120. . 556; V, 14, 467. Cotter, Jno. A., II, 706. Cooper, Thomas J., Ill, 731. Cotton, Augustus, I, 120. Cooper, Thos. W., I, 119, 584, 590. Cotton, G. A., I, 120. General Index. 761 Cotton, James C, I, 232. "Cotton Plant," V, 321. Coughenour, W. O, I, 231, 234, 267; II, 108, 109; IV, 462, 463, 560. Council, E. D„ I, 292. Council, J. W., I, 485. Council, W. B., Ill, 674, 675, 683. Council, W. H., V, 193. Courtney, A. H., V, 602. Courtney, C. O, M, 215. Courtney, H. O, V, 602. Courts, W. H., I, 157; IV, 631. Courts, Wm. J., Ill, 35, 36; IV, 639. Covert, N. L., Ill, 507. Covey, Surgeon, IV, 625. Covington, B. H., II, 184. Covington, E. A., I, 731. Covington, E. D., Ill, 22. Covington, H. R., IV, 706. Covington, M. T., II, 675, 678, 681. Cowan, A. B., Ill, 516, 524. Cowan, Ben. A., Ill, 219. Cowan, Isaac A., I, 232. Cowan, J. A., I, 270. Cowan, John, I, 196; IV, 719, 721; V, 624. Cowan, J. Pink, I, 232, 270. Cowan, Robt. H., I, 178, 179, 215; II, 20, 37; IV, 473; V, 649. Cowan, Robt. S., II, 584. Cowan, Robt. V., II, 537, 538, 547, 578, 664; IV, 473; V, 667. Cowan, Thomas, I, 213. Cowan, Thos. A., II, 538, 567, 571, 572, 575, 576, 577, 578. Cowan, W. W., IV, 118. Cowan, Capt, V, 292, 295. Cowand, D. G., II, 522; III, 17, 264; IV, 441, 516; V, 247, 248. Cowand's Brigade, V, 249, 250, 252. Coward's Bridge, IV, 338. Cow Creek Volunteers, IV, 647. Cowdy, Capt., (prisoner), III, 334. Cowles, C. L., Ill, 218. Cowles, Miles M., II, 676, 678, 680, 681. Cowles, W. H. H., I, 422, 428, 433, 441, 449, 454, 467, 481, 485, 775, 782; II, 102; III, 538, 604; V, 673. Cowley, Stephen, IV, 420. Cowper, L. R., II, 89, 104. Cowper, Pulaski, IV, 407. Cox, A. B., II, 162; IV, 609. Cox, Abram, 111, 21, 22, 23. Cox, Aras B„ III, 504. Cox, Braxton, III, 453. Cox, Cader G., II, 593; III, 318, 322; IV, 637, 641. Cox, C. H., I, 732. Cox, Charley, I, 724, 728. Cox, F.,.,IV, 636. Cox, G. H., IV, 97, 643. Cox, H. B., Ill, 122. Cox, Jno. J., II, 511; V, 667. Cox, Joseph, V, 667. Cox, Joshua, III, 504. Cox,. M. H, IV, 701. Cox, Romulus M., Ill, 225. Cox, Uz., II, 112. Cox, W. R., I, xi, 139, 156, 169, 172, 173, 175, 275; II, 503, 505; IV, 441, 449; V, xi, xii, 247, 250, 255, 260. Cox's Bridge, III, 727. Cox's Brigade, I, 262; IV, 206, 437, 441, 456, 458; V, xi, 250, 252, 254, 255. Cozart, Thos. J., II, 374; V, 601. Cozine, David M., II, 538, 539, 578. Crabtree, W. H, IV, 13. Crafts, E. P., V, 243. Craig, Archibald, I, 194. Craig, A. M., IV, 38. Craig, Chas., V, 445. Craig, Jas. W., V, 369, 374. Craig, T. N, II, 187. Craig, Wm., V, 369. Craig's Landing, IV, 306; V, 225. Craige, Cicero H., I, 203, 220. Craige, Francis B., II, 539, 578. Craige, James A., I, 296, 345; III, 405, 406, 418, 420; V, 584. Craige, Kerr, I, 477, 486; III, 537, 601, 602; IV, 582. 762 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Crampton's Gap, I, 184, 740. Crapon, Geo. M., IV, 722. Crater, The, I, 407, 598, 747; II, 624; III, 56, 307, 371; IV, 362, 575; V, 16, 247, 617. Crater, Reuben J., II, 537. Craton, M. D., II, 425, 426, 592, 593; III, 161, 163, 202. Craven, Rev. B., D. D., IV, 746. Crawford, A. W., II, 165, 166. Crawford, C. M., Ill, 515. Crawford, James, I, 234. Crawford, Jas. G., II, 706, 739. Crawford, J. M., IV, 701. Crawford, John T., Ill, 143. Crawford, J. R., II, 790, 791, 805. Crawford, L. W., II, 790, 799, 806. Crawford, Marley, II, 678. Crawford, R. R., II, 790, 792, 799, 806; V, 663. Crawford, S. J., IV, 700, 706. Crawford, T. D., IV, 723. Crawford, W. H, II, 790, 792, 805. Creasman, Wm. B., II, 485, 491, 493. Credle, Dave, III, 723. Credle, Elisha, III, 723. Credle, Frank, III, 724. Creech, John, II, 64. Creech, Nasrow, I, 291. Creekman, L. R., I, 231; V, 664. Crenshaw, H. A., I, 558. Crenshaw's, I, 431; III, 609. Crenshaw's Battery, IV, 161, 168. Crescent, The, IV, 714. Cress, Absalom, I, 292. Crews, Alex., II, 497. Crews, John M., Ill, 225. Crews, R. L., IV, 12. Crews, T. J., IV, 399. Crisp, S. W., V, 602. Critcher, A. S., IV, 723. Critchton, H. R., Ill, 84. Crittenden's Brigade, IV, 44 \ Croatan Sound, V, 61. Crocker, Luther R., Ill, 3. Crocker, T. J., II, 185, 186. Crockett, Geo. W., II, 269. Cromartie, J. A., II, 64. Cromwell, Elisha, III, 21, 22. Croom, Allen G., II, 541; III, 504. Croom, Chas. T., Ill, 504. Crosby, Pierce, V, 373. Cross, Elbert, I, 292. Cross, J. F., IV, 701, 703, 705, 712. Cross, J. P., I, 736. Cross Keys, II, 132; IV, 231. Crossan, Col. Thos. M., I, 17, 30; V, 299, 302, 312, 336, 341, 343, 344, 359, 361, 453, 458, 460, 461, 471. Crouch, J. N., IV, 38. Crouch, S. C, III, 224. Crouse, D. T., II, 398. Crow, Thomas W., I, 159. Crowder, James, II, 183, 237, 245. Crowder, M., Ill, 357. Crowell, B. K., Ill, 225. Crowell, James M., II, 478; IV, 468. Crowell, Richard, I, 572. Crowninshield, W. W., V, 351. Crudup, Archibald D., Ill, 83. Crump, H. O, V, 602. Crump, John J., Ill, 23, 28. Crump, Stephen, II, 507. Crump, Thomas, V, 601. Crumpler, T. N., I, 418, 420, 483, 485; V, II, 651. Crump's Farm, Battle of, III, 330. Crusader, The, V, 386. Cruse, Adam, I, 569. Culberson, J. J., IV, 386. Culbreth, Nathaniel, V, 602. Culbreth, Calvin, III, 366. Culbreth, D. A., I, 119. Culpepper C. H., II, 478, 479, 569, 587, 716, 718; III, 472, 555; IV, 159, 183. Culp's Hill, I, 148; IV, 689; V, 121, 122, 138, 595, 606, 611. Cumberland, Flagship, V, 45, 301. Cumberland Gap, II, 486, 492, 708, 727, 728; III, 520, 663, 736, 739. General Index. 763 Cumberland Mountains, IV, 274, 288. Cumming, James D., IV, 341, 361; V, 16. Cumming, Wm. A., 1, 213. Cumming's Battery, IV, 437, 442; V, 16, 631, 679. Cummings, W. F., I, 556, 559. Cummings, J. T. F., Ill, 713; IV, 642. Cummings, Yancey, I, 678. Cummins, M. F., Ill, 54. Cumming, P. A., V, 677. Cunningham, Alex., V, 644. Cunningham, Alexander T., IV, 564. Cunningham, J. P., IV, 472. Cunningham, Solomon, II, 292. Cureton, Taylor G., II, 303, 396; IV, 329. Cureton, Thos. J., II, 328, 336, 358, 366, 371, 372, 378, 396, 403, 415. Curlew, steamer, II, 510; V, 60, 303, 304, 306, 308, 310. Currie, F. S., Ill, 214, 219. Currie, Lauchlin W., IV, 297. Currie, Richard O., IV, 763. Currie, Stephen A., IV, 222. Curtis, Alex., V, 438. Curtis, John Henry, V, 640. Curtis, Larkin, I, 152. Curtis, L. J., I, 136. Curtis, Thomas, V, 602. Curtis, William, V, 602. Curtis, W. A., II, 98. Curtis' Brigade, IV, 49. Cushing, W. B., II, 756; IV, 27, 40; V, 242, 243, 245, 374. Cushman, C. H, V, 244. Custis, Peter, II, 507; IV, 636. Cuthbertson, D. G., I, 734. Cuthbertson, G. B., I, 734. Cuthbertson, John D., Ill, 263. Cutlar, R., I, 581. Cutler, Joseph, I, 233. Cutts, A. D., I, 735. Cuyler, R. R., V, 243. Dabney, Chiswell W., IV, 582. Daingerfleld, J. E. P., IV, 298. Dale, Lieut., II, 579. Dale, Thos. Q., II, 541. Dallas, Daniel Boone, IV, 216. Dalrymple, James. Ill, 203. Dalton, John Z., I, 231, 270. Dalton, R. F., IV, 38, 51. Dam No. 1, I, 552. Dam No. 10, I, 690. Dameron, F. L., IV, 354. Dancey, James R., II, 64. Dancey, John S., II, 1; IV, 527. Dandridge, Surgeon, III, 139. Daniel, Capt, IV, 545. Daniel, B. T., Ill, 723. Daniel, Geo. B., II, 2; IV, 535. Daniel, John W., Ill, 413. Daniel-Grimes, Brigade IV, 436, 513. Daniel, Junius, I, xi, 710; II, 334, 523, 525, 530, 533, 536; III, 1, 11, 35, 36, 52, 162; IV, 247, 253, 255, 513, 514; V, 9, 668. Daniel, W. W., I, 630. Daniel, William, IV, 399. Daniel's Brigade, I, 12, 289; II, 50, 523, 524, 529, 530, 535; III, 4, 6, 39, 166, 255, 256; IV, 252, 256, 258, 437; V, xiii. Daniels, F. S., IV, 12. Daniels, J. D., V, 245. Daniels, Jesse W., Ill, 723. Daniels, Kenneth, II, 786. Daniels, Richard, III, 723. Daniels' School House, IV, 78. Darbytown Road, I, 409. Darden, Alfred M., IV, 262, 268. Darden, Andrew J., Ill, 504. Darden, Geo. F., II, 512, 518. Darden, H. C, II, 675, 678, 681. Darden, Jos. H., IV, 722. Darden, J. W., II, 678. Darden, W. A., Ill, 504. Darnell, Jonathan, II, 539. Daughtry, W. M., Ill, 714. Davenport, Wm. C, II, 538. Daves, Graham, I, 18; II, 162, 168, 764 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 180; IV, 11, 37, 551; V, 17, 25. Daves, Stephen, I, 292. Daves, Wm., Ill, 346, 348. Daves, W. C, II, 64. David, H., I, 581. David's Island, IV, 703. Davidson College, V, 651. Davidson, Harvey H., II, 705, 707, 723, 727, 731. Davidson, Jno. M., II, 704, 727, 733, 740, 744. Davidson, Joseph, III, 715. Davidson, Robert A., Ill, 589. Davidson, Samuel W., I, 120; III, 483, 491, 497. Davidson, Theo. F., I, 117; II, 707, 711, 725, 731; V, xi. Davidson, Thomas F., Lt. Co. F, 60th, I, 120; III, 492. Davidson, T. M. O, I, 232, 271. Davidson, W. L., I, 231. Davidson, Wm. Lee, I, 361, 377, 383, 386; IV, 472. Davidson's Battery, II, 472. Davidson's Brigade, III, 678; V, 170, 173. Davis, A. B., IV, 723. Davis, A. E., Ill, 660. Davis, A. F., Ill, 433. Davis, A. T., I, 292. Davis, Bartlett, I, 736. Davis, Champ T. N., I, 751, 753, 755; IV, 137, 146, 151; V, 10. Davis, David S., Ill, 686, 689, 696; IV, 538. Davis, E. Hayne, IV, 523. Davis, G. B., IV, 700. Davis, Geo. W., II, 747. Davis, James, II, 462. Davis, James G., Ill, 686. Davis, Jas. H, III, 660. Davis, J. L., V, 243. Davis, J. Lucius, V, 627. Davis, James M., II, 628; III, 315. Davis, J. T., V, 663. Davis, James T., Ill, 138, 143, 144, 152; V, 11. Davis, Jake, IV, 112. Davis (Jeff) Mountaineers, II, 303. Davis, L. B., V, 194. Davis, Joseph B., IV, 91. Davis, Joseph J., Ill, 84, 109; IV, 691, 700, 706; V, 107, 153. Davis, Joseph R., Ill, 290. Davis, Jno. C, II, 540. Davis, Jno. Z., II, 746, 747, 762. Davis, Lawson, III, 475. Davis, L. B., V, 194. Davis, Luther M., I, 288. Davis, Matthew L., II, 83; IV, 110; V, 10. Davis, M. J., II, 790. Davis, R. E., Ill, 686, 688. Davis, R. S., IV, 100. Davis, Rufus, III, 378. Davis, Samuel A., I, 231. Davis, S. D., IV, 706. Davis, Sylvester D,. II, 537. Davis, T. O, II, 765. Davis, Thomas E., Ill, 20. Davis, Thomas R., Ill, 225. Davis, Weldon E., II, 495, 496. Davis, William, III, 723. Davis, , IV, 47. Davis, W. S., Lt. 58th, III, 434. Davis, Wm. S., Lt. 64th, III, 660; V, 169. Davis, William S., Col. 12th, I, 631, 637, 639, 643, 644; II, 121, 188, 236, 240, 241, 246, 249, 781. Davis' Brigade, ILI, 291, 293, 299, 300, 309, 406. Davis Dragoons, II, 771, 775. Davis' Farm, III, 112, 309; IV, 93. "Davis Guards," II, 162. Davis House, III, 377; IV, 88. Dawson, J., IV, 402. Dawson, L. L., V, 244. Dawson, William P., Ill, 225. Day, Robt. J., I, 137, 639. Day, W. H, I, 137, 150, 721. Dayton, E. G., V, 245. Deal, Alonzo, II, 678. Deal, James, V, 601. General Index. 765 Deal, J. A., I, 606, 651. Dellinger, Lawson A., I, 119; III, Deal, Marcus, II, 165. 225. Deal, Rufus, II, 397. DeMille, James, IV, 527. Dean, Josiah, I, 291. Dempsey, Jno., V, 194. Dearing, James, Gen., II, 106; III, Denison, C. W., V, 51. 335, 343, 344, 346, 465, 466; IV, Dennis, W. M., Ill, 686. 82, 83, 85, 88; V, 175, 177, 178, Denny, J. G., IV, 13. 182, 189, 192, 331. Denson, C. B., II, 112; IV, 420, 425, Dearing, St. Clair, II, 283, 291, 294. 428; V, xv. Dearing's Brigade, II, 106; III, 595, Denson's School, V, 637. 615, 645, 681; IV, 86, 87, 93, 438, Denton, D., V, 193. 439, 580. Department, Ordnance, I, 39. Dearing's Cavalry (Seventh Con- Department, Pay, I, 45. federate), III, 349; IV, 73. Department, Quartermaster-Gen- Deaver, James P., IV, 114. eral's, I, 23. Deaver, R. M., Ill, 660, 668. Department, Subsistence, I, 37. Deaver, W. Henry, III, 473, 475, DePass' Battery, III, 207. 479, 499. DePriest, J. R., IV, 168. Dehass, E. G., IV, 706. DeRosset, Armand L., IV, 296. DeBerry, David D., Ill, 23. DeRosset, Moses John, III, 318; DeBerry, E. A., I, 734. 322; IV, 640. DeBerry, E. J., Ill, 226. DeRosset, Thomas O, IV, 299. Deberry, J. B., IV, 706. DeRosset, Wm. L., I, 138, 178, Deberry, James R., I, 707. 180, 184, 185, 190, 215, 217, 226; Debnam, Robt. W., II, 512. V, 27, 74, 649. Debnam, Walter, II, 508. Deshler, James, V, 668. Debush, J., Ill, 660. Detailed Men First Regiment, IV, DeCamp, Charles, III, 226. 129, 133. Decker, Geo. W., IV, 296, 298. Devalt, Frederick, Ml, 660. Decker, Levi, IV, 298. DeVane, D. J., II, 112, 122, 124. Deeds of Daring — Six Heroes, V, DeVane, Jas. S., IV, 638. 15. DeVane, R. M., II, 21; IV, 473. Deems, Charles F., IV, 598. Devane, J. Stuart, I, 157; II, 676; Deep Bottom, II, 669. IV, 631. Deep Gully, II, 513; III, 5, 171; DeVane, Wm. S., Ill, 503, 505, 507, IV, 221. IV, 483; V, 203. Deep River, V, 629. Dfcvereux, Jno., I, 24, 37, 48, 51, 56. Deep Run, I, 309, 310. Devereux, Thomas P., IV, 519. Dees' Company, IV, 71, 89. Dewar, W. A., IV, 721. Dees, George T., IV, 72, 73, 91, Dewese, Arthur A., II, 485, 487. 370. Dewey, George S., I, 441, 452, 475, Dehart, Jno. H, III, 680. 486, 782; III, 635. DeFontanges, Commander, V, 303, Dewey, Thos. W., IV, 694. 304. Dial, R. A., I, 553. D'Lagnel, J. A., IV, 294, 296, 298, Dibbrell's Brigade, III, 679. 300, 347. Dick, Fred N, IV, 700, 706. Dellinger, John C, III, 225. Dick, S. W., V, 194. 766 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Dickerson, M. O., II, 581, IV, 700. Dickerson, W. J., I, 162; IV, 706. Dickerson, William T., I, 120, 586. Dickey, W. N, I, 369. Dickinson, Calvin, II, 396; IV, 330, 332. Dickson, E. D., IV, 701. Dickson, Henry, IV, 353, 354. Dickson, H. O, IV, 706. Dickson, John A., I, 78, 113. Dickson, P., II, 64. Dickson, W. W., IV, 701, 706. Dickson's Battery, IV, 17; V, 679. Diggs, W. Riley, V, 63. Dillard, Jno. H, III, 36, 39. Dillehay, Jno. G., II, 269. Dillinger, S. A., IV, 706. Dillingham, John P., I, 163. Dillingham, J. W., Ill, 482. Dillingham, W. G., Ill, 482. Dills, J. Ramsay, III, 516. Dills, J. R., IV, 706. Dingier, John, I, 128. Dinkins, Thomas, II, 690. Dinkins, William H., Ill, 128. Dinwiddie Court House, I, 472, III, 145, 642; IV, 576. Distance Between Lines, V, 665. Dixie Rifles, II, 425. Dixon, B. F., Ill, 138, 151, 549. Dixon, Columbus H., Ill, 128, 143, 153. Dixon, Edw., V, 11. Dixon, Edward D., Ill, 296; IV, 706; V, 669. Dixon, H. O, IV, 700. Dixon, Hugh M., II, 591, 598, 627; IV, 721. Dixon, Jas. W., II, 746. Dixon, S. A., II, 462. Dixon, William J., I, 724. Dixon, William W., II, 164, 165. Dobbin, D. P., I, 232. Dobbin, John H., IV, 349. Dobbin, J. O, IV, 99. Dobson, E. J., II, 166, 172, 178, 391, 396. Dobson, J. E., IV, 391, 396. Dobson, Joseph, III, 675, 684. Dockery, Alfred, II, 678. Dockery, O. H., II, 675, 676, 677; IV, 650; V, 68, 650. Dodd, Isaac, IV, 349. Dodd, James, IV, 349. Dodd, W. H, V, 577. Dodson, C. O, IV, 615. Dodson, J. F., II, 790, 806. Dodson, Silas C, II, 461. Doherty, D. A., I, 232. Dolchite, (DoUarhite, P. A.), II, 544. Doles' Brigade, Ga., Ill, 47; IV, 253. Doles, W. F., IV, 723. Donaldson, Daniel S., Ill, 737; IV, 149. Donaldson's Brigade, IV, 142. Donoho, C, III, 348. Dorothy, (Doherty), W. W„ II, 661. Dorsey, E. W., I, 584; IV, 723. Dortch, W. T., I, 295, 338; V, 638. Dosher, J. H., II, 496. Dosier, J. H, II, 127. Douge, S. B., I, 281. Douglas, J. A., I, 291. Douthit, Jas. B., IV, 387, 393. Douthit, J. E., IV, 635. Douthit. T. B., IV, 242. Dove, Jacob, I, 419. Dowd, C. D., IV, 10, 13. Dowd, Clem., II, 304, 328, 397, 418; IV, 650; V, 651. Dowd, C. Firmin, IV, 654. Dowd, Henry A., I, 24, 51, 733, 735. Dowd, J. D., Ill, 117. Dowdle, John, IV, 146. Downing, John, III, 715. Downing, Rufus, III, 474. Downing, William, III, 715. Downs, J. T., I, 118; II, 497. Dowton, Wm. A., Ml, 2. Drake, Benjamin F, III, 84. Drake, John A., I, 620, 645. General Index. 767 Drake, John J., I, 620. Duke, Lewis, V, 194. Drake, Richard F., Ill, 84; IV, 700, Duke, Tollect, IV, 298. 706. Dula, A. J., II, 177. Drake, T. S., V, 193. Dula, Felix G., II, 164, 165. Drake, W. C, II, 495. Dula, George T., IV, 42. Draper, Jerry, I, 630. Dula, S. P., II, 397, 401. Draughan, H. H., IV, 700, 706. Dula, Thomas J., Ill, 432, 433, 435, Draughan, W., IV, 650. 452. Draughan, Walter F., II, 495, 497; Dulin, Jno., V, 193. IV, 294. Dull, Edwin O, II, 537, 540. Draughn, James Walter, IV, 26, Dumfries, I, 422. 28. Duncan, Benj. M., II, 113. Draughorn, . I, 577. Duncan, J. W., Ill, 434. Drew, Ben., I, 555. Duncan, P. H, III, 453. Drewry, Clay C, IV, 572, 577. Duncan, Wesley, II, 539. Drewry's Bluff, I, 12, 403, 581, 702; Dunham, J. W., I, 230, 231, 233, II, 4, 140, 278, 298, 428, 515, 516, 267; IV, 650. 519, 619, 779, 799; III, 4, 10, 135, Dunkard Church, IV, 571; V, 75, 153, 162, 170, 276, 353, 419, 512; 590. IV, 490, 501, 525. Dunlap, Bryant O, II, 304, 396. Dry, Moses; V, 194. Dunn, A. H, III, 288. Drysdale, Robt. H, I, 178, 227; II, Dunn, Elias, II, 496; V, 667. 425, 426. Dunn, Junius H., I, 557, 559. Dubose, W. L., IV, 642. Dunn, Sidney M., I, 551, 556, 558, DuBose, Capt, 2d Batt., IV, 245. 559. Ducker, William, IV, 115. Dunn, Walter, II, 747. Duckett, Belton, III, 473, 474, 483. Dunn, William A., Ill, 84. Duckett, Capt, 60th Regt, III, 481. Duplin Rifles, I, 124; III, 19. Dudley, Eli, III, 220. Dupree, R. W., Ill, 22, 23. Dudley, Edward B., II, 630, 634; Dupree, Willis R., Ill, 3. V, 239. Durell, Wm. M., I, 270. Dudley, G. L., I, 136, 137. Durham, Cicero, II, 284, 285; III, Duees, A. A., Ill, 660. 128, 133, 134, 136, 153, 336, 351, Duels Between Officers, III, 291. 490; IV, 575, 578. Duffy, Charles, II, 271; IV, 579, Durham, Plato, I, 642, 650; II, 125, 635, 640. 619; V, 249, 264. Duffy, Lawrence E., II, 269. Durham, R. J., IV, 28. Duffy, Walter, III, 161, 202; IV, Dutch Gap, I, 549. 640. Duvall, A. B., II, 371, 373, 396, 397, Duffy, Geo. T., II, 269, 271, 274. 403. Duggan, W. A., IV, 630. Duvall, J. M., II, 396, 397. Dugger, John E., I, 394, 408; IV, Duvall, W. C, V, 500. 485. Duvan, Wm. A., II, 572. Dugger's Ferry, III, 676. Duych, John J., Ill, 660. Duguid, Edward M., I, 290. Dyal, D., V, 194. DuHeaume, Lt., IV, 482. Dyche, Arthur M., II, 704, 728. Duke, J. H., V, 265. Dyche, Jno. R., II, 704. 768 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Dye, D. J., IV, 13. Edwards, Cal., V, 194. Dye, E. J., IV, 13. Edwards, David, II, 166, 172. Dye, M. E., I, 128. Erwards, Davidson, 111, 482. Dyer, A. B., IV, 300. Edwards, D. W., Ill, 704. Dyer's Field, II, 703; V, 171, 173. Edwards, E. S., II, 480. Eagles, L. D., II, 496. Edwards, G. W., Ill, 357. Early, Gen., Ill, 280, 281, 750, 754; Edwards, Gilmore, II, 40. IV, 194; V, 679. Edwards, Guilford, II, 122. Early Robert, IV, 521. Edwards, Jno., II, 581. Earnhart, Abram, I, 569. Edwards, Jos. J., Ill, 713, 716. Earnhardt, James, IV, 131. Edwards, M. M., Ill, 482. Earnhardt, J. A., II, 791. Edwards, R. P., IV, 91. Earnhart, Wiley, I, 574. Edwards, Thos. H., II, 466. Earp, H., IV, 722. Edwards, Wm. Bryant, II, 462. Earpsboro, V, 280. Edwards, Wm. F., II, 747. Easton, John S., Ill, 23. Edwards, W. L., Ill, 203. Eastwood, Benj. W., II, 540, 578. Edwards, Wm. R., I, 114, 118; II, "Eastwoods," The, V, 78. 678. Eatman, T. J., II, 537, 538, 539; Edwards, W. W., II, 422. IV, 474, 612. Edward's Ferry, V, 175, 315. Eaves, A. E., Ill, 457; IV, 641, 643. Efird, Martin S., II, 790. Eaves, J. L., IV, 286, 396. Efland, Madison L., Ill, 262; IV, Eaves, John B., Ill, 161, 188, 189. 702, 706. Eaves, John P., IV, 216. Egan, Sol. E., Ill, 731. Eberstein, Wm. H., Ill, 503. Eggers, John, III, 453. Ector's Brigade, IV, 438; V, 4, 170, Elam, P. R.. Ill, 296; IV, 701, 706. 173. Eleno, John J., Ill, 319. Edelin, Jno. B., IV, 71, 89, 93, 94, Eley, Wm. H., Ill, 715. 370. Elias, Louis, I, 584. Edgecombe Guards, I, 121, 125; Eliason, William A., I, 231, 269, V, 577. 583; III, 125, 127, 153; IV, 472; Edgerton, J. B., IV, 72, 77, 78, 79, V, 665. 85, 91. Eliza Barse, (brig), V, 377. Edmonson, J. W., IV, 334. Election, State, (1 Aug, 1862), III, Edmondson, Jesse W., Ill, 161, 167, 375. 202. Elizabeth City, IV, 251; V, 68. Edmondson, R. A., Ill, 516. Elkins, John Q., IV, 723. Edmonston, P. M., IV, 646. Eller, Calvin, III, 434. Edmundson, B. B., II, 295, 301. Eller, D. W., I, 485. Edmundson, James, IV, 513, 517. Eller, Jesse F., Ill, 264. Edmundson, J. T., I, 176. Eller, Wm., IV, 113. Edney, Baylis M., II, 292; 111, 662. EUerbee, Stephen W., Ill, 3. Edney, Jos. L., V, 193. Ellington, A. B., IV, 38, 51. Edney, Leven, IV, 110. Ellington, J. B., Ill, 504, 505" IV Edray, Va., IV, 141. 3, 38, 41, 42, 43, 302, 587, 588. Edwards, Alexander, III, 482. Ellington, J. c., Ill, 161 203- V Edwards, Benj. F., V, 18. 668. General Index. 769 Ellington, Jesse T., Ill, 181, 203. Emack, James W., I, 377; IV, 467; Ellington, J. P., IV, 38, 39. V, 95. Ellington's Battalion, IV, 29, 108. Emerson, Jno. B., II, 419. Ellington's Expedition, III, 187. Emerson, J. R., II, 358, 371, 372, Elliott, Alex., Ill, 205, 212, 220. 396, 397. Elliott, Chas. G., II, 1, 2, 8, 11, 12; Emory, Wm., II, 540. IV, 527, 535; V, 315. Emry, Thos. L., I, 621; IV, 490. Elliott, Gilbert, II, 1, 2; IV, 528; End of the Confederacy, I, 59-65. V, 315, 323. Enfield Blues, I, 125. Elliott, J. E., I, 485. Engelhard, Joseph A., I, 353; II, Elliott, John T., Ill, 713; V, 17, 18. 537, 554, 557; IV, 472, 474, 477; Elliott, Lauriston F., Ill, 225. V, 148, 151, 651. Elliott, S. H, I, 120; III, 137. Engineer Corps, IV, 409; V, 4, 663. Elliott's Brigade, III, 372. Engineer Troops, IV, 409, 412. Ellis, Anderson, III, 267, 269, 271, Engineer Troops, Second, Co. A, 278, 281; IV, 677, 702, 706. IV, 425. Ellis, Andrew J., Ill, 22, 261; IV, English, J. Milton, III, 447, 674; 264, 265, 266, 267. IV, 271. Ellis, B. P., I, 486. Enloe, L. H., Ill, 515; IV, 700. Ellis, Chas. D., IV, 303. Enloe, Wm. A., II, 485, 493. Ellis, D. R., II, 118. Ennett, W. T., I, 191, 213; IV, 460. Ellis, James R., II, 593; IV, 637. Enzor, W. H, II, 117. Ellis, J. J., I, 232. Eppes, Richard F., II, 540. Ellis, John W., Gov., I, 3, 71; II, Epps, Robert F., IV, 297. 15, 305, 521; IV, 244, 356; V, 25, Epps, T. P., Ill, 433. 26, 27, 645. Ernhart, W. B., IV, 706. Ellis, J. W., I, 124. Ernul, McG., II, 457, 462. Ellis, J. W., II, 496. Erson, Eric, I, 118, 395; III, 224. Ellis, Laban, II, 387. 239. Ellis, Wm. A., II, 620. Erwin, A. A., I, 125, 126, 653. Ellis, W. J., II, 790, 794, 799, 806. Erwin, Alfred M., IV, 482. Ellis, Z., IV, 303. Erwin, Frank, III, 53. "Ellis," The, V, 36, 37, 38, 44, 300, Erwin, J. B., Ill, 660. 301, 302, 303, 304, 309. Erwin, John R., I, 441; III, 529, Ellis, Capt., V, 290. 541, 594, 603, 646, 652, 654. Ellis' Battery, IV, 266. Erwin, L. P., IV, 6, 153, 397. Ellison, George, III, 482. Erwin, Marcus, IV, 245, 246, 635. Ellison, Nicholas, III, 482. Erwin, Phifer, III, 484, 496. Ellison, D. P., 22d, II, 174. Erwin, Rufus, V, 602. Ellyson's Mill, I, 168, 181, 738. Erwin, Stanhope, III, 480, 481, Elmore, C. E., IV, 706. 484. Elms, J. P., I, 120; II, 661. Erwin, S. E., Ill, 660. Elms, W. D., I, 119, 128. Erwin's (Senior Reserves) Battal- Ely, Seaman, V, 306. ion, IV, 100, 397. Ely's Ford, III, 584; V, 677. Estes, H., Ill, 432. Elzey, Arnold H., Ill, 329; IV, 26; Estridge, Wm. M., II, 396, 397. IV, 505. Etheredge, Amos R., Ill, 723. 49 770 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Eubank, J. T., I, 736. Eudy, L., IV, 13. Eudy,*W. H., I, 292. Euker, H. A., II, 483. Euliss, E. S., I, 735. Euten, W. H, IV, 706. Eure, Elisha H„ I, 378. Eure, Mills L., II, 80, 89; IV, 701, 704, 706. Evacuation of Raleigh, I, 55. Evans, A., V, 193. Evans, Abram O, II, 189. Evans, Francis L., Ill, 715. Evans, Freeman, III, 715. Evans, Gustavus H, II, 462. Evans, Henry C, IV, 303, 305. Evans, Jacob A., Ill, 211, 219. Evans, Jas. S., II, 271. Evans, John B., Ill, 202. Evans, John W., Ill, 713, 715. Evans, Jonathan, II, 269; V, 651. Evans, Judson L., Ill, 715. Evans, N. G., Ill, 507; IV, 383; V, 84, 85, 86, 90. Evans, Peter G., I, 424; III, 462, 529, 533, 534, 535, 550, 551, 554, 566, 587; V, 10, 650. Evans, Richard W., I, 501. Evans, Robert C, III, 484. Evans, Stephen B., Ill, 529, 530, 537, 538, 540, 552, 572, 595. Evans, S. J., IV, 700, 707. Evans, T. C, I, 677. Evans, Thomas H, III, 715. Evans, Sherrod J., Ill, 84. Evans, , Capt. 15th Battal ion, IV, 365. Evans' Battalion, IV, 224, 270. Evans' Brigade, IV, 325; V, 588. Evans' Mill, IV, 82. Evansport, II, 598. Everett John L., II, 512. Everett, Lawrence, II, 189. Everett, W. I., II, 189. Everett, Capt, 80th Regt, Ml, 760. Everett's Cavalry, III, 758. Everitt, S. H., IV, 361. Eves, A. E., Ill, 457; IV, 641, 643. Eves, S., IV, 642. Ewing, John W., Ill, 224. Ewing, Orville, III, 484. Exemptions, V, 2. Expenditures, I, 47. Exum, J. H.. Ill, 504. Ezzell, A. W., II, 745, 746, 747, 748, 756. Fagan, Levi J., II, 769, 774. Fagan, N. B„ I, 137. Faggart, Paul, II, 119. Fain, Jno. D., II, 538, 577. Faircloth, J. W., II, 544. Faircloth, W. T., I, 157, 159, 175; IV, 463. Faires, E. M., II, 186. Fairfax Court House, I, 421, 424. Fairly, David, IV, 611. Fair Oaks, I, 237, 303, 627. Faison, Alex., II, 112. Faison, F. J., II, 112, 114; V, 11. Faison, Frank S., IV, 13. Faison, J. A., IV, 13. Faison, John W., Ill, 318, 333, 347, 398. Faison, Julian P., II, 676; IV, 613. Faison, Paul F., II, 287, 601; III, 136, 174, 318, 322, 328, 338, 343, 358, 367; IV, 357, 569; V, 178, 183, 189. Faison, W. L., V, 16. Falling Creek, III, 86. "Falling Waters," I, 425, 591, 699; II, 375, 378, 478, 568, 587, 693; III, 109, 240, 301; IV, 183. Fallon, Thomas, I, 100, 127. Falls, Dixon, V, 668. Falls, J. G., Jr., IV, 28. Falls, Thos. D., Ill, 296, 299; IV, 701, 707; V, 110, 669. Falls, W. G., I, 231, 269. Fanning, P. w., V, 360. "Fanny," steamer, V, 51, 53, 307, 308, 309. Faribault, George H., Ill, 83, 103, 246; IV, 556. General Index. 771 Farmer, J. B., I, 233. Fentress, Geo. W., V, 282. Farmer, Sylvester B. M., II, 705. Ferguson, Ebed. J., II, 298. Farmville, Va., I, 210, 550, 685; II, Ferguson, E. R., IV, 707. 482; IV, 211. Ferguson, Garland S., II, 299, 300, Farnsworth, Robert, IV, 113. 301. Farquhar, N. H, V, 245. Ferguson, Jesse T., II, 307, 371, Farrior, Stephen D., Ill, 3, 11. 396, 408. Farrow, Isaac L., II, 540, 561, 570, Ferguson, John D., I, 485. 578. Ferguson, Thomas J., Ill, 730, 742. Farrow, Wilson T., II, 540. Ferguson, Thos. L., II, 396. Farrow, Wm. T., II, 539. Ferguson, Wm. B., II, 485. Farthing, J. S., IV, 13. Ferrebee, D. D., I, 59, 450; II, 338, Farthing, Wm. Y., II, 653. 779; III, 456, 465, 467, 531, 550, Fatherly, Matthew W., Ill, 314, 574; V, 650. 321, 378. Ferrebee Cavalry, V, 83, 85, 86, 88. Faucet, A. F., II, 89. Ferrall, private, 41st, II, 785. Faucet. W. H, II, 164, 166; IV, Ferrell, J. E., II, 496; IV, 701, 707. 650. Ferrel, John, II, 269, 271. Faucett Capt, 59th, III, 550. Ferrell, T. G., Ill, 347. Faucett, J. N, II, 462. Ferrell, Wm. C, III, 458; IV, 700. Faucett, Jno. W., V, 194. Ferrell, W. G., I, 158, 159. Faucett, Robert T., Ill, 315, 316, Fesmire, Reuben C, III, 223. 391, 398. Fessenden, B. F., IV, 626, 629. Faucett, W. A., II, 462. Fetter, Hal, IV, 379. Faucett, William E., Ill, 355. Fetter, W. M., II, 64; V, 663. Faucett, Lt.-Col., V, 630. Fetzer, Nevin D., IV, 28, 595. Faucette, Robert H., Ill, 85, 100. Fewell, William, IV, 38. Faulk, Jonas, I, 291. Field, W. B., I, 485. Faulk, Richard, II, 118. Fields, Alex., Ill, 504. Fayetteville Arsenal, I, 40; IV, Fields, Elias, III, 507. 293, 356. Fields, L. H, II, 462. Fayetteville Independent Light In- Fight, Henry T., I, 368. fantry, I, 75, 131; IV, 294. File, Jefferson, II, 539. Fearing, Capt., II, 1. Finger, Sydney M., I, 585. Featherston, Gen., V, 664. Firedog, IV, 333. Federal Point, IV, 422; V, 28. First N. C. Soldier Who Died.-V, Fellows, John R., IV, 671. 579. Fennell, G. L., V, 194. Fisher, Alfred, III, 482. Fennell, H. L., I, 136. Fisher, Chas. F., I, 294, 298, 332, Feimster, John A., I, 232, 233. 337, 542; V, 9, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33', Feimster, J. A. S., I, 271. 581, 583. Felter, John W., Ill, 223. Fisher, Daniel G., Ill, 731, Fennell, N H, III, 504; IV, 723. Fisher, J. A., I, 486. Fennell, Owen, I, 136. Fisher, J. R., IV, 131. Fennymore, E. R., IV, 701. Fisher, John V., I, 408. Fenoni, Wm., Ill, 319. Fisher's Farm, I, 434; III, 619. Fenton, Edmund, I, 716. Fisher's Hill, I, 154, 173, 207, 208, 772 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. 262, 326; II, 142; III, 14, 279, 421, 533. Fishing Creek, Tenn., IV, 125. Fitts, F. M., II, 503. Fitzgerald, A. L., II, 769. Fitzgerald, H. H, I, 486. Fitzgerald, Frederic, V, 680. Fitzgerald, I. A., Ill, 273. Fitzgerald, O. W., II, 166. Fitzgerald, W. P., I, 233. Five Forks, I, 330, 478, 480, 602; II, 107, 626; III, 145, 158, 396, 425, 469, 541, 645, 647; IV, 88, 89, 576; V, 266, 671. Flake, Francis E, III, 3. Flake, Robert J., I, 176. Flanigan, Robert, III, 563. Flanner, purser, V, 341. Flanner, Bennett, IV, 354. Flanner, Charles, II, 63. Flanner, Henry G., IV, 354; V, 617. Flanner's Battery, IV, 442; V, 617, 618. Flat Rock, III, 667. Fleetwood Heights, III, 576. Fleetwood Hill, 111, 558. Fleming, N. N. Ill, 76, 80. Fleming, Robert A., Ill, 261. Fleming, William, V, 601. Fleming, W. L., Ill, 261. Fleming, W. B., I, 651. Flemming, John A., Ill, 127, 142, 143, 152, 372; V, 11. Flemming, Greenlea, III, 129; V, 79.. Flemming, R. R., II, 444, 462. Flemming, S. F., Ill, 586, 601. Flemming, W. W., Ill, 144, 423, 424. Fletcher, Charles M., Ill, 474, 484. Fletcher, G. W., II, 291; IV, 635. Flinn, Josephus, III, 723. Flint Hill, I, 563. "Flora," steamer, V, 409. "Flora McDonald," steamer, IV, 429. "Florida,'" V, 399, 400, 415, 437. Flow, J. M. W., IV, 131. Flower, Josiah O, IV, 639. Flowers, Geo. W., II, 676, 681, 690; V, 290, 295. Flowers, James, V, 66. Flowers, J. W., I, 554. Flowers, Thomas, I, 175. Floyd, A. E., II, 63. Floyd, Francis F., IJI, 219; IV, 723. Floyd, James J., Ill, 223. Floyd, Jno. B., II, 270. Floyd, W. S., II, 187. Flynn, William S., IV, 26, 29. Foard, Fred C, I, 431 ; III, 610, 641, 643, 647, 651, 652, 653; IV, 582. Foard, J. B., Ill, 587, 601. Foard, N. P., I, 449, 452, 486; III, 605. Folger, Romulus S., II, 465, 483; IV, 473. Folk, George N, I, 418, 483, 485; III, 673, 679, 680, 682, 706; IV, 85, 301, 721, 761. Folk, J. S., Ill, 675, 684. Foote, George A., IV, 635. Foote, Jas. H., I, 51, 52, 137; II, 579. Foote, Thomas J., I, 606, 609, 620. Forbes, A., II, 462. Forbes, Samuel H., IV, 353. Forcum, John B., I, 231, 233, 261, 268. Ford, G. B., Ill, 203. Ford, James M., Ill, 484. Ford, J. B., Ill, 203. Ford, John, IV, 178. Ford, P. B., Ill, 203. Forney, J. J., Ill, 268; IV, 702, 707. Forest, steamer, II, 610; V, 60, 304, 310. Forrest, Bedford, Gen., Ill, 501, 553. Forrest, James, (44th), Ml, 31. Forrest, James, (48th), III, 120. Forrest's Corps, III, 678. General Index. 773 Forrester, John H., I, 485. Fort Lee, III, 726. Forrester, J. T., IV, 701, 707. Fort Macon, I, 489, 503, 509; IV, Fort Alexander, IV, 453. 413; V, 374, 375. Fort Anderson, IV, 311, 418, 423, Fort Mahone, III, 16, 56, 58; V, 428. 249, 252. Fort Bartow, I, 389; II, 508, 509, Fort McAllister, Ga., Ill, 183; IV, 511; V, 58, 64. 734. Fort Blanchard, II, 508, 511; V, Fort McHenry, IV, 726. 58, 61. Fort Meares, III, 726. Fort Branch, I, 527; IV, 17, 27, 353. Fort Moultrie, I, 395; IV, 716. Fort Campbell, III, 726. Fort Pitt, II, 487. Fort Caswell, IV, 331, 343, 413, Fort Pulaski, IV, 717; V, 623. 645; V, 23, 28, 339, 396, 402, 404, Fort Sanderson, V, 176, 178, 180, 447. • 182. Fort Clark, V, 37, 38, 39, 40, 32, Fort Stedman, I, 155, 329, 601, 44, 47, 48, 50. 650; II, 481, 576; III, 56, 144, Fort Clifton, I, 496, 526, 529. 282, 370, 424; IV, 205, 206, 576. Fort Comfort, V, 176, 186, 187. Fort Stevens, III, 13, 749. Fort Davis, III, 726. Fort St. Philip, II, 631; IV, 423. Fort Delaware, IV, 713, 725, 761; Fort Sumter, I, 742; III, 674; V, V, 375, 597, 619, 620. 27, 162, 163, 166, 435. Fort Donelson, V, 244. Fort Thompson, II, 542. Fort Fisher, I, 410, 496, 528, 529; Fort Wagner, Defence of, I, 392; II, 10, 17, 518, 631, 633, 638, 648, II, 514; III, 206, 511; V, 161. 650, 802; III, 207, 215, 513, 693; Fort Walthal, IV, 489. IV, 4, 45, 47, 50, 108, 221, 268, Fort Warren, IV, 733, 734, 740; 269, 304, 307, 331, 342, 361, 391, V, 192, 680. 416, 419, 539, 541, 544, 590, 591; Fort Wessels, I, 321. V, 6, 23, 28, 217, 218, 240, 336, Fort Williams, I, 400; II, 617; V, 398, 424, 451. 176, 178, 184, 186, 189, 190. Fort Forest, II, 508; V, 58. Fort Worth, V, 176, 188, 189. Fort Gregg, I, 264; II, 61, 62; IV, Forte, Jno. A., II, 512. 207, 208, 216, 264, 453. Forte, Jno. L., II, 512. Fort Hamby, IV, 376; V, 292, 295. Fortress Monroe, V, 51, 375, 418, Fort Hamilton, IV, 348. 441. Fort Harrison, 1,408; 111,213,512; Fortune, B. F., IV, 111. IV, 495; V, 518. Fortune, Wm. P., IV, 111. Fort Hatteras, II, 1. Foster, E. S., IV, 5, 12, 18, 591. "Fort Hell," III, 370. Foster, George, IV, 198. Fort Hill, IV, 253. Foster, James I., I, 736. Fort Huger, II, 508, 511; V, 58, 61. Foster, J., Ill, 482. Fort, John W., I, 176. Foster, J. G., II, 311, 318. Fort Jackson, V, 243, 245, 246. Foster, LaFayette, IV, 595. Fort Johnson, II, 497; IV, 465; V, Foster, M., Ill, 482. 24, 27. Foster, Nathaniel A., Ill, 224, 239, Fort LaFayette, IV, 734; V, 444, 241; IV, 701, 707. 445. Foster, William H, III, 224. 774 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Foster's Mills, III, 680. 158, 170, 226, 438, 475, 476, 500, Foster's Raid, III, 320, 459. 556, 585, 598, 609, 656, 679, 688; Foulkes, James F., Ill, 223, 225, III, 5, 69, 117, 268, 406; IV, 169, 227; IV, 640. 236, 504, 571; V, 627. Fourney, George, V, 650. Freeland, John F., I, 119, 585. Fowle, Daniel G., I, 18, 37, 40, 50; Freeland, W. G., I, 295. II, 507; IV, 249, 483; V, 6. Freeman, A. H., IV, 707. Fowler, H. D., I, 137; IV, 721. Freeman, C. D., IV, 753; V, 626. Fowler, Josiah O, III, 83. Freeman, Eli, I, 706, 727, 723, 731. Fowler, J. H., I, 137. Freeman, G. W., II, 623, 627. Fowler, M. C, IV, 118. Freeman, J. H, III, 80. Fox, J. A., Ill, 433. Freeman, W. H., II, 512. Fox, John B., Ill, 504. Freeman, W. N, II, 291, 292, 301. Fox, N, III, 348. Freeman, Wm. W., I, 582; IV, 222. Fox, T. S., IV, 462. Freeman's Battalion, IV, 753, 757; Foxhall, E. D., I, 735. V, 626. Foxhall, Francis D., 538. Freeman's Ford, I, 570. Fox's Farm, I, 421. Fremont, S. L., IV, 413, 416. Fox's Gap, I, 625; II, 115. French, C. A., V, 320. Foy, Christopher D., Ill, 686, 704. French, Junius B., I, 113, 118; II, Foy, Frank, III, 686. 189, 236; V, 663. Foy, W. G., II, 142, 144. French, S. G., II, 167, 328, 334, 339, Foy's Company, IV, 402. 400, 497, 629, 651, 769; III, 167; Frailey, J. M., V, 242. IV, 263; V, 7, 90. Fraley, A. S., I, 231, 269. French, W. Foster, IV, 3, 38, 40, Fraley, J. E., I, 161. 43, 51, 61, 301, 587, 588, 594, 650. Fraley, J. R., IV, 632, 472. French's Battalion, IV, 29, 47, 108. Fraley, W. C, I, 234. French's Battery, II, 429; V, 668. France, F. D. W., IV, 186. French's Farm, III, 114. Francis, Jno. W., II, 292, 294, 295. Frensley, John L., IV, 513, 518. Franklin, Tenn., Battle of, Ml, Fretwell, John R.. IV, 15, 17. 494, 501. Friedheim, A.. I, 275. Franklin, Va., I, 587; V, 83, 84. Frink, J. O., IV, 722. Frapps, Miles, III, 660. Fripp, Clarence A., IV, 635. Fraser's Battery, I, 556. Frisby, Samuel, HI, 482. Frazer, J. W., Ml, 434, 448, 520, Froneberger, , IV, 61. 524, 525, 528, 636, 663, 676, 736, Front Royal, III, 41, 270. 740. Frost, G. W.. V, 244. Frazier, F. C, IV, 325, 326, 329; Fry, G. W., Ill, 587. 'V, 327. Pry, W. A.[ IV,' 13. Frazier's Farm, I, 369, 420, 757; Fulcher, Silas, I, 162. M, 168, 428, 471, 548, 549, 589, Fulford, J, T., II, 497. 655, 682; III, 39; IV, 158, 501. Fulford, Irvin, I, 496, 501, 529. Frederick, Md., I, 206, 421. Fulford, W. Y., IV, 13. Fredericksburg, Va., I, 143, 169, Fulghum, Garry, I, 158, 159, 175, 250, 309, 373, 422, 554, 629, 696, Fulghum, Geo. W.,' I, 176. 713, 741, 762; II, 32, 36, 72, 135, Fulghum, Raiford, I '175.' General Index. 775 Fullenwider, H. W., II, 188. Gallahar, D. H, III, 731, 743. Fuller, A. M., IV, 100. Gallatin, The, V, 386. Fuller, J. H., I, 486. Galliharn, Alpheus, III, 223. Fuller, Thomas C, I, 120, 493, 515, Gallop, Isaac G„ III, 356. 517, 520; IV, 342, 346, 347. Gallopp, Wm., Ill, 347. Fulker Shoals, V, 58. Galloway, A. H., II, 119; IV, 553. Fulmore, A. C, III, 219. Galloway, A. J., IV, 304. Fulton, Saunders F., II, 132, 134, Galloway, I. F., Ill, 516. 144, 155; IV, 229, 235; V, 11, 680. Galloway, J. A., Ml, 504. Funkstown, I, 557. Galloway, J. E., IV, 707. Fuqua, J. H, IV, 753. Galloway, John M., Ill, 529, 531, Furgus, W. O, IV, 707. 535, 540, 541, 552; IV, 401; V, Furgerson, E. R., Ill, 515. 651, 671. Furman, Henry S., Ml, 288. Galloway, John W., IV, 361, 401; Furman, Robert M., IV, 29, 32. V, 678, 679. Furr, Sol., I, 375. Galloway, Swift, IV, 752. Fuss, Allen, IV, 298. Galloway, Thos. S. Jr., II, 161, 171, Fuss, Geo., IV, 298. 176, 177, 178; IV, 556; V, 650. Fuss, Jeremiah, IV, 298. Galloway, , Capt, IV, 115. Fuzzell's Mills, I, 385, 434; II, 480, Galloway's Coast Guards, IV, 401. 574; V, xii. Gait, , IV, 503. Gabriel, Albutress, II, 229. Gamble, B. F., II, 539. Gadd, Robert, III, 457. Gamble, John F., IV, 722. Gaddy, Joseph, I, 728. Gambol, John, II, 165, 166. Gaddy, R. B., Ill, 457. Gardin, George H, II, 165, 171, Gage, , Maj., II, 511; IV, 482. 178. Gaillard, A. S., V, 641. Gardiner, O. P., II, 676, 678. Gailer, P. B., Ill, 731. Gardman, , Lt, II, 692. Gaines, Ambrose, II, 705. Gardner, E. T„ III, 366. Gaines, James L., I, 439, 473, 486; Gardner, J. M., IV, 399. II, 107; III, 639, 644; IV, 109, Gardner, J. M., V, 309, 438. 110, 582. Gardner, Thos. F., II, 486, 493. Gaines, John C, III, 23. Gardner, Wm. R., II, 512. Gaines' Cross Roads, I, 422; III, Gardner, W. T., Ill, 202, 203. 571; IV, 183. Gardner's Bridge, III, 680. Gaines' Mill, I, 205, 218, 304, 659, Garison, J. T., II, 481. 757; II, 114,, 168, 210, 499, 547, Garland, Brig.-Gen., I, 657. 583, 655, 798; III, 12, 29, 115, Garland, A. B., IV, 521. 246; IV, 234; V, 197, 627. Garland, Jas. S., II, 486. Gaither, Burgess S., V, 57, 62. Garland, Samuel, I, 657; IV, 521. Gaither, J. R., IV, 41, 48, 51. Garland's Brigade, I, 657, 661; IV, Gaither, L. G., IV, 92. 437, 441; V, 589. Gaither, Wm. W., II, 371, 382, 395, Garland-Iverson-Johnston Brigade, 410, 412, 413; IV, 473, 636. IV, 436, 521; V, 679. Gale, Capt, (Navy), V, 407, 408. Garner. B., Ill, 356. Gales, Seaton, IV, 462, 463; V, 651. Garnett, Theodore S., IV, 580. Gallagher, C. K., I, 232, 271; V, Garrett, Chas. T., IV, 287, 292, 43,^-53. 702, 707. 776 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65, Garrett, Francis M., IV, 636. Generals (C. S.) from N. O, I, 11; Garrett, Green, III, 518. V, 3, 663. Garrett, I. W., I, 6, 24, 28. Generals Commissioned by the Garrett, Thos. M., I, 281, 284, 288, State, V, 5. 289, 639; ll, 117, 499; V, xii, Gentry, C, III, 453. 9, 649. Gentry, L. C, II, 371, 396, 397; Garrett, Wm., Ill, 347. IV, 707. Garrett, W. N, III, 659, 662, 663; Gentry, Thos. B., II, 145. IV, 702, 707. Gentry, T. R., V, 193. Garris, E. J., II, 184. Gentry, W., Ill, 434, 447. Garrison, Alonzo, IV, 296. George, LaFayette, III, 754. Garrison, Ephraim, III, 225. George, E. P., Ill, 125, 128. Garrison, Tobias, I, 213. George, Forney, II, 16, 20, 34, 39, Garrott, Isham W.( V, 649. 41; IV, 473; V, 650. Garysburg, III, 529, 551; V, 671. Georgia, The, V, 366. Gash, H. Y., IV, 722. German Volunteers, V, 27. Gash, Jas. M., Ill, 516. Gettysburg, I, 148, 195, 253, 311, Gaskill, Wm., II, 540, 578. 353, 379, 424, 541, 555, 589, 612, Gaskins, David G., IV, 262. 632, 672, 698, 719; II, 42, 74, 119, Gaskins, Edw., II, 540. 232, 381, 342, 362, 477, 502, 527, Gaskins, Thos. H, II, 508. 562, 586, 613, 660; III, 5, 41, 89, Gaston, J. P., IV, 702, 707. 103, 235, 256, 258, 271, 296, 411, Gaston, Perry C, IV, 117, 128. 472, 462, 534; IV, 62, 176, 514, Gaston Guards, II, 186. 553, 689; V, xiii, xiv, 88, 100. Gately, Isaac, III, 224. 118, 120, 137, 243, 246, 258, 467, Gately, T., Ill, 348. 595, 599, 605, 611. Gates, Geo. W., IV, 297. Ghormeley, D. C, IV, 118, 128. Gates, Robert Kell, III, 391. Ghormley's Cavalry, III, 758. Gatlin, Jno. D., II, 512. Gibbon, Nicholas, II, 465; IV, 473; Gatlin, Richard H., II, 538. V, 646. Gatlin, Thos. H, II, 538. Gibbon, Robert, II, 466; IV, 472, Gatlin, Richard C, I, 18, 50; II, 473, 626, 636, 644. 308, 328, 461, 677; III, 314; IV, Gibbs, Alexander, III, 123. 414, 651; V, 6, 57, 649. Gibbs, David, III, 723. Gatling, John, II, 414; 111,223,225, Gibbs, George O, II, 789, 796; 229. IV, 746, 751. Gatling, Riddick, II, 539, 540, 556, Gibbs, Jas. W., II, 539, 573, 578. 578. Gibbs, Jos. B., II, 540, 578. Gay, W. T., I, 736. Gibbs, Nathaniel, III, 723. Gaylord, C. R., V, 678. Gibbs, Samuel S., II, 540. Gearner, Wm., II, 462. Gibson, Adolphus, II, 537. Geary, Corporal. I, 368. Gibson, A. P., II, 398. Gee, C. J., I, 136; II, 597; IV, 631. Gibson, Chas. S., Ill, 588, 597. Gee, George, IV, 350. Gibson, D. M., Ill, 563. Gee, S. H, I, 137; III, 146, 348, Gibson, E. D., I, 732. 397; II, 611, 626; IV, 572, 578. Gibson, Geo., II, 538. Gieger, James H., Ill, 125. Gibson, Jno. A., II, 539; IV 474. General Index. 777 Gibson, Leonidas R., Ill, 224, 246. Gibson, R. F„ III, 224. Gibson, R. B., II, 458. Gibson, Sam. B., I, 486, 782. Gibson, *Wm. H., II, 537, 539, 578. Giddens, Henry, II, 113. Giddens, Lewis D., II, 113. Gilbert, Hyram, III, 667. Gilbert, J. H, IV, 703, 707, 723. Gilbert, L. W., Ill, 433. Gilbert, Oliver T., IV, 261. Gilbert, R. J., I, 163. Gilbert, Wm., HI, 347. Gilchrist, John A., IV, 303, 312. Gilchrist, Robt. C, V, 161. Gilham, Col. William, IV, 143. Gill, G. H, V, 59. Gill, H. L., II, 790, 806. Gill, Jas. A., II, 199. Gill, Sylvanus P., Ill, 84; IV, 700, 707. Gill, W. J., II, 496. Gill, W. P., II, 186, 190, 206, 215, 216. Gillespie, Carter W., Ill, 677; IV, 271. Gillespie, J. M., I, 486. Gillespie, Thos. D., I, 77, 234. Gilliam, Francis, IV, 631. Gilliam, George, III, 223, 234; IV, 701, 707. Gilliam, Henry A., II, 1; V, 35, 39, 680. Gilliam, James, IV, 99, 101. Gilliam, Julian, III, 223, 234. Gilliam, Thomas H, II, 2. Gilliam, Wm., IV, 111, 115, 142. Gilliland, Jesse R., II, 741; III, 484, 493. Gilliland, R. H, V, 265, 268. Gillis, Wm. I., Ml, 361. Gilmer, Jno. A., I, 64, 65; II, 427, 428, 438, 439, 442; III, 378; IV, 504, 573, 574; V, 650, 663. Gilmer, J. O, IV, 650. Gilmer, John E., II, 145. Gilmer, Jeremy F., IV, 410, 415; V, xv, 3. 4, 663. Gilreath, George, III, 296, 299. Gilreath, James P., Ml, 224. Giraffe, The, V, 406. Gladden, H. M., Ill, 348. Glasgow, William N, III, 223. Glass, David P., I, 120; V, 193. Glass, Ephraim, III, 482. Glass, George M., IV, 38. Glass, J. S., IV, 100. Glenn, B. F., IV, 131. Glenn, Chalmers, I, 653, 655, 695. Glenn, R. A., II, 166, 172; IV, 723. Glenn, Dr. (of Guilford), V, 630. Glenn, W. T., IV, 13. Glisson, O. S., V, 243. Goddin, N. A. H., I, 281, 282. Godon, S. W., V, 242. Godwin, Archibald C, I, xii, 309; II, 130; III, 279, 405, 410, 416, 418, 420, 421; IV, 170, 525, 658, 677, 700, 748, 757; V, 9, 10. Godwin, Condery, II, 507. Godwin's Brigade, III, 420; IV, 437. Goelet, E. B., IV, 330, 332. Goldsboro, II, 339: III, 227; IV, 108, 252; V, 83, 85, 90. Goldsboro Rifles, II, 425. Goldsboro Volunteers, II, 425. Goldsmith, Edwd., II, 681. Goldston, Chas. Carroll, I, 120; III, 23, 82. Goldston, Robert W., II, 304, 306, 307, 396, 397. Gooch, Samuel L., Ill, 504. Goodall's TaA'ern, I, 465. Goode. Reginald H., Ill, 125, 137; IV, 640. Gooding, Wm. B., II, 166, 172. Goodloe, Louis D., IV, 572. Goodman, George, II, 118. Goodman, Jno. T., I, 234. Goodson, John C, III, 225. Goodson, Jno. F., II, 187. Goodwin, Thos. H, II, 512. 778 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Goolesberry, W. E., IV, 701, 707. Grady, R. M., S., Ill, 20. Goose Creek, II, 96. Grady, W. G., I, 486. Gordon (steamer), V, 35, 401. Grady, Wm. S., II, 292, 299; III, Gordon, A., IV, 527. 372, 374; IV, 482; V, 12. Gordon, Alexander, IV, 473. Gragg, Jackson, V, 601. Gordon, George T., I, 734; II, 581. Graham, A. W., V, xv. Gordon, J., IV, 245. Graham, "Bob," I, 684. Gordon, James B., I, xi, 136, 155, Graham, B. G., IV, 504. 417, 420, 425, 426, 429, 483, 484; Graham, Daniel McL., I, 119, 122; II, 54, 60, 99, 100, 241, 246, 263, IV, 474, 637. 481; Ml, 426, 465, 534, 536, 569, Graham, F. M., Ill, 419. 570, 578, 592, 602, 604; IV, 581; Graham, Hamilton C, II, 162, 165, V, xii, 9. 166. Gordon, John B., II, 536; III, 144, Graham, James A., il, 431, 447, 524; V, 253, 254, 255, 261. 457, 462; IV, 501, 504, 507; V, Gordon, J. W., II, 64. 593, 679. Gordon, W. C, IV, 722. Graham, Jesse, IV, 298. Gordon, W. M., V, 638. Graham, John W., Ill, 139, 314, Gordon's Brigade, I, 454; II, 241, 318, 322, 328, 331, 333, 337, 341, 245, 252, 260, 264; III, 572, 578, 348, 362, 363, 365, 378; V, 188, 583, 592. 195, 651. Gordon-Barringer Brigade, IV, 436, Graham, Joseph, I, 537, 546; III, 581. 703; IV, 642. Gordon's Corps, IV, 454. Graham, N. A., I, 213. Gordonsville, II, 469, 472; IV, 227. Graham, Robert D., Ml, 314, 322, Gore, B. F., IV, 40. 328, 331, 334, 348, 358, 372, 376, Gore, C. C, II, 20. 378, 391; V, 15, 188, 191, 618, Gore, D. H, II, 16. 669. Gore, W. K., II, 20. Graham, Stark, 1,233. Gorgas, J., I, 22; IV, 299. Graham, W. A., Gov., I, 55, 57, 65; Gorman, John C, I, 158, 159; IV, V, 478. 723. Graham, W. A., I, 51; II, 80, 82, Gorman, W. R., I, 234. 88, 89, 321, 324; V, 651, 666, 680. Gorrell, Henry C, I, 161. Graham's Battery (N. C), IV, 437; Gorrell, R. B., IV, 707. V, 668. Gorrill, R., IV, 245. Graham's Battery (Va.), V, 668. Goslin, Junius W., Ill, 225. Graham's N. C. Volunteers, Goslin, L. H., II, 540, 579. (Union), II, 785. Gosport Navy Yard, I, 80. Grainger, Jesse W., IV, 25, 28, Gossett, M. C, III, 482. 595. Governor Buckingham (boat), V, Grandy, C. W.. I, 387. 243. Grandy, Caleb L., Ill, 313. Gowan, B. A., IV, 723. Grandy, Cyrus W., Ill, 714. Grady, H. C, II, 668. Grandy's Battery, IV, 532. Grady, J. A., IV, 330. Granger, Henry F., 1 1, 541. Grady, Lewis J., Ill, 20. Grant, Henry, II, 462. Grady, P. H, I, 137. Grant, Jesse, II, 462. General Index. 779 Grant, John, IV, 118. Green, William F, 1, 733, 736; IV, Grant, John S., IV, 424. 650, 653; V, 631, 632. Grant, W. R., V, 193. Green, William J., Ill, 22; IV, 639. Granville, Grays, I, 124. Green, W. P., Ill, 482. Granville Plough Boys, II, 184. Greene, Matthew M., IV, 403. Granville Rifles, II, 185. Greenlee, E. G., Ill, 267; IV, 640, Granville Stars, II, 187. 643. Gravely, Hill, 1,385; II, 55, 480, 574. Greenlee, J. L., II, 166. Gravelly Run, I, 436; II, 104. Greenlee, J. M., IV, 395. Graves, B. Y., II, 144. Greensboro, V, 632, 665. Graves, C. L., II, 172. Greenville, Tenn., Ill, 664, 740. Graves, Geo. A., II, 172; IV, 701. Green, Chas. H., IV, 117, 142, 643. Graves, Geo. W., V, 193. Green, Dan, II, 63. Graves, John A., I, 653; III, 83, Green, D. E., I, 735. 105, 107, 109; V, 11, 132, 153. Green, F. M., V, 243. Graves, John W., II, 163, 165, 166. Green, Harrison, III, 39. Graves, Thos. L., Ill, 512; V, 16. Green, H. C, IV, 142. Graves, Wm. G., Ill, 316, 331, 355, Green, J. B., V, 288, 289. 376, 377, 378, 392, 398; V, 191. Green, J. F., V, 438. Graves, Wm. W., (25th), II, 292. Green, J. H, III, 202. Graves, Wm. W., (56th), III, 319. Green James E., Ill, 263. Gray, Claiborn, II, 165, 166. Green, Joseph, II, 495. Gray, D. O., Ill, 224. Green, Sam., Ill, 348. Gray, E. G., IV, 701, 707. Green, S. T., Ill, 65; IV, 639. Gray, H. A., Ill, 117. Green, Walter, II, 461. Gray, J. R., II, 462. Green, William, V, 411. Gray, L. S., IV, 13. Green, W. C, V, 288, 289, 290. Gray, P., IV, 75, 77, 82. Greer, E. J., II, 496. Gray, Peter, III, 482. Greer, J. C, II, 397. Gray, R., Ill, 482. Greer, L. M., Ill, 348. Gray, Robt. H, II, 162, 163, 165, Gregg, Hiram, III, 680. 166, 168, 169, 170; IV, 157, 171; Gregg, Maxcy, II, 679. V, 11. Gregory, A. H., V, 194. Gray, S. W., Ill, 427. Gregory, Casper, I, 639. Gray, T. R., IV, 386. Gregory, Chas. G., I, 119; II, 495; Graybeard, Peter, III, 730. IV, 636. Grayson, , I, 734. Gregory, F. R., IV, 12, 13, 14, 17, Grear, Calvin E., I, 675. 642. Greaver, James, Sergeant, III, 680. Gregory, Frederick W., V, 397, 380, Green, Lt. , II, 397. 405, 406, 407. Green. Augustin, III, 443. Gregory, George Henry, I, 78, 120, Green, A. W., IV, 252. 127; IV, 355. Green, Benjamin T., I, 734, 735; Gregory, John T., I, 620, 639, 642. Ml, 280; IV, 634, 640. Gregory, N. A., II, 187, 231; IV, 11, Green, Wharton J., IV, 243, 245, 12, 13, 28, 587, 594; V, 640. 248, 257, 513, 519, 700, 707; V, Gregory, W. H. H., (42d Regt,) II, 59. 789, 805. 780 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Gregory, W. H, (70th Regt.), IV, Grissom, Robt., V, 407. 2, 13. Grissom, Tom., V, 369, 373, 409. Gresham, Charles, III, 261; IV, Griswold, George, Ml, 203. 640. Griswold, J. B., I, 232; III, 161, Grey, A. H., IV, 707. 202; IV, 402. Grier, Hiram L., Ill, 296. Grizzard, Jas. M., IV, 645. Grier, John C, I, 120; II, 372; III, Gross, B. F., V, 194. 141, 147, 153. Gross, J. O, 111, 393. Grier, J. L., I, 486. Gross, L. M., IV, 386. Grier, P. B., I, 120. Gross, Philip H., Ill, 316, 317, 393. Grier, S. A., I, 119; III, 613, 618, Ground Squirrel Church, 111, 537. 639, 651. Guard, Old Men's, I, 55. Grier, W. L., I, 585, 593. Gudger, J. C. L., II, 291, 301. Griffin, George, III, 352. Gudger, James M., I, 708. Griffin, Geo. W., II, 544. Gudger, Jno. W., II, 485. Griffin, Hamilton, Ml, 484; IV, 641. Gudger, R. V., I, 128. Griffin, Harvey D., Ill, 84. Gudger, William, I, 730. Griffin, Joel R., IV, 73. Guerrant H. L., I, 701; V, 151. Griffin, T. H., I, 736. Guess, W. G., IV, 702, 707. Griffin, T. W., IV, 97. Guest, Jno., V., 242. Griffin, W. H., I, 736. Guffey, Wm., V, 15. Griffith, Andrew J., I, 731. Guffin, George, III, 356. Grigg, Alfred R., Ill, 315; V, 670. Guffy, C. A., I, 233, 272. Grigg, B. F., I, 119; III, 315, 357, Guffy, J. W., I, 230, 268. 392; V, 670. Guilford, J. W., I, 291. Grigg, J. R., Ill, 357. Guilford Grays, II, 425; III, 260, Grimes, Bryan, I, xi, 174, 209, 235, 314. 275, 550; II, 238, 504, 523, "Guilford Men," II, 162. 531, 533; III, 11, 17, 57, 256, 260; Guion, B. B., I, 551, 560. IV, 247, 253, 442, 457, 515, 518; Guion, Henry T., I, 496, 498, 501, V, xi, 247, 256, 260, 265, 648. 515, 526, 535. Grimes, Geo. W., II, 3, 12; IV, 547; Guion, Jno., II, 511. V, 44, 46, 47, 680. Guion's Company, I, 509. Grimes, H. J., V, 627. Gulick, James W., I, 162. Grimes, T. F., V, 627. Gulick, W. B., I, 51. Grimes' Brigade, I, 261; II, 531, Gulley, Bill, II, 274. 532, 534, 536; IV, 258, 437, 441; Gulley, Jno. D., II, 271. V, 247, 260. Gum Swamp. I, 742; III, 131, 323; Grimes' Division, IV, 441, 454, 576. IV, 221, 346. Grimmer. Rufus R., II, 462. Gunter, H. A., Ill, 123. Grimsley, Geo., Ill, 504. Gunter, Wm., Ill, 507. Grimsley, Jas. M., II, 667, 669; V, Gupton, H. G., I, 735. 16. Gurganus, A. J., IV, 722. Grimsley, Lowery, III, 504. Gurley, Joseph D., IV, 296. Grissett, Edwin W., IV, 107. Guthrie, Jno. F., Ill, 504, 505. Grissom, Eugene, II, 495, 498; IV, Guthrie, Julius, I, 59; V, 471. 629. Guthrie, T. W., II, 540. General Index. 781 Guy, Alex., Ill, 20. Hall, Charles H., II, 120. Guy, Amos M., IV, 41, 48. Hall, C. M., IV, 18, 53, 386, 393. Guy, C. T., Ill, 220. Hall, E. D., I, 158, 361, 362, 364, Guy, W. S., I, 653. 365; II, 440, 441, 442, 541, 746; Guyther, John M., I, 137; IV, 722. Ill, 65, 72, 84; IV, 472, 501, 504, Gwaltney, W. R., I, 136, 150; IV, 505; V, 664. 604; V, 293, 294. Hall, E. G., V, 438. Gwaltney, L. P., V, 290. Hall, Frank, III, 409. Gwynn, Bruce, IV, 425. Hall, S. S., I, 571. Gwynn, Walter, IV, 415; V, 6. Hall, Harrison, III, 125. Habbitt, John, IV, 119. Hall, H. A., II, 64. Habeas Corpus, Suspension of, Hall, H. L., Ill, 217. IV, 749. Hall, J. G., V, 169. Habnieht, , V, 448. Hall, James K., II, 162; IV, 633, Hackett, L. W., I, 176. 635. Hackett, J. W., I, 136. Hall, James W., Ill, 347; V, 188. Hackney, B., Ill, 347. Hall, Joel, II, 743. Hackney, J. D„ II, 398. Hall, John J., I, 163. Hadley, J. M., I, 230, 268; IV, 632. Hall, John, III, 686. Hadley, T. J., Ill, 295. Hall, J. O., II, 398. Hadspeth, Wesley, II, 183, 224, Hall, Joseph G., Ill, 224, 226. 231. Hall, J. W., IV, 625, 629, 746. Hagerstown, II, 119, 487, 568, 587, Hall, Moses, III, 482. 662, 693; III, 472, 570; V, 71, 72, Hall, R. H., II, 64. 77. Hall, Robert T., Ill, 2. Haggard, , II, 618. Hall, W. D., Ill, 730. Hagood's Brigade, IV, 312, 353, Hall, W. H., II, 398, 399; IV, 624, 489; V, 221, 226, 240, 241. 630. Hahr, F. J., I, 118; IV, 383, 548. Hall, , 10th Regt., V, 50. Hahr's Battalion, IV, 301, 383, 399. Hallman, , II, 578. Haigh, Charles, I, 119; III, 529, Hallyburton, T. C, III, 316, 318, 551, 577. 322. Haigh, Chas T., II, 667, 668. Halsey, D. P., IV, 521. Haigh, George, III, 529. Halso, James G., Ill, 20. Haigh, George B., IV, 51. Halstead, F. M., Ill, 713. Haigh, George H., I, 120. Halyburton, A. G., II, 164. Haigh, Jno. C, V, 643. Halyburton, R., IV, 13. Haigh, T. D., IV, 402. Ham, H. B., IV, 91. Hale, E. J. Jr., I, 117, 118, 122; Haman, Henry, III, 500. II, 483, 572; III, 318, 822, 326, Hamarskold, Chas. J., II, 581. 331, 332; IV, 471, 477; V, xi, xii, Hambrick, John T., I, 653, 654, 651, 654, 680. 659; IV, 650. "Half Link," II, 471. Hamilton, W. H., I, 710. Half Moon Battery, IV, 49. Hamilton, Alex. H., Ill, 728. Half-way House, I, 89; IV, 492. Hamilton, C. H., V, 244. Hall, Benjamin F., Ill, 17, 20. Hamilton, D. H., I, 653; V, 641. Hall, C. F., Ill, 263. Hamilton Guards, V, 42. 782 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Hamilton, R. L., IV, 700, 710. Hanes, Spencer J., II, 790, 801, Hamilton, Simeon E., (an Indian) 808. IV, 696. Hanks, B. J., V, 36. Hamilton, V. O, III, 516. Hanks, Edward P., Ill, 313. Hamilton Crossing, II, 115; V, 93. Hanks, G. M., Ill, 730. Hamlin, Frank M., IV, 4, 38, 39, Hanks, John, IV, 379. 48, 51, 52, 54, 591. Hanks, Wm. H., V, 35. Hammell, W. R., I, 233. Hannah, J. George, V, 643. Hammond, G. W., I, 733, 736. Hannah, Sergt., (6th Regt.), I, 344. Hammond, John, III, 80. Hannah, Sergt-Major, V, 631. Hammond, W. M., II, 529; III, 35; Hanner, Jas. H., II, 166. IV, 513, 516. Hanner, Orren A., II, 371, 396, 397, Hampton, B. F., Ill, 660. 419; IV, 701, 707. Hampton, E. H., II, 485, 492. Hanner, Robt., II, 166. Hampton, E. R., IV, 385. Hanner, Samuel, III, 600. Hampton, J. A., I, 136; IV, 650. Hanover Court House, I, 366, 430, Hampton, M. P., Ill, 433. 608; II, 88, 100, 469, 470, 545, Hampton Roads, V, 305. 588, 654, 785. Hampton, S. D., Ill, 203. Hanover Junction, I, 172, 205, 258, Hampton, Thomas Preston, III, 677, 745; III, 11, 24. 630. Hanovertown, I, 558; III, 538. Hampton, Wade, II, 103; III, 195, Hanrahan, James A., Ill, 296; IV, 624, 629, 460; IV, 104, 150, 352; 700, 707. V, 207, 208, 209. Happer, R. W., V, 282. Hampton, Wade., Lt, III, 630. Happoldt, Jno. W., II, 539, 578, 579. Hampton, Wm. W., II, 303, 396. Harbin, A. A., IV, 650. Hampton, W. B., Ill, 267. Harbin, W. T. J., I, 232. "Hampton's Beef Raid," III, 622. Hardee, W. J., II, 488, 490, 634, 702, Hampton's Brigade, V, 589. 756; III, 179, 184, 192, 193, 195, Hampton's Cavalry, III, 584; IV, 196, 696; IV, 31, 56, 58, 59, 591; 438. V, 270. Hancock, E. W., I, 653; IV, 100. Hardee's Corps, III, 484, 513; IV, Hancock, James, I, 164. 9, 32, 350. Hancock, Jas. B., II, 745, 747. Harden, Jas. D., II, 707, 725. Hancock, J. M., II, 255, 256, 258, Harden, James H., IV, 638. 700, 708. Harden, J. J., I, 652. Hancock, Rich. D., I, 164, 173, 175. Harden, Jos., IV, 118. Hancock, Wm., V, 194. Hardenburg, Selby, II, 746. Hancock, Wheeler, IV, 103. Hardenburg, T., V, 36. Hand, James, III, 538. Hardin, D. J., I, 734. Hand, R. H, I, 120, 584; IV, 701, Hardin, Jas. H., II, 461. 707. Hardin, W. K., I, 734. Hand, S. P., I, 213. Harding, E. H., Ill, 35; IV, 615. Hand, W. L.. I, 119, 583; IV, 701, Harding, Fred., II, 772; III, 635. 707. Harding, Henry, III, 503. Handy, Wm., Ill, 347. Hardison, Sergt., Engineer Corps, Hanes, Geo., II, 799. IV, 431. General Index. 783 Hardison, W. H., II, 522. 421, 625, 672; II, 30, 70, 135, 155, Hardison, W. J., II, 7. 156, 432, 534, 553, 656, 685; III, Hardister, A. S., II, 679. 13, 116; IV, 165, 503, 552, 570; Hardister, Jonathan, I, 569. V, 71, 72, 74, 77, 79, 80, 82, 114, Hardister, Lindsay C, III, 23, 227. 588. Hardy, H. B.. II, 80. Harrell, A. F., II, 105. Hardy, Jesse, II, 462. Harrell, D. J., IV, 346. Hardy, John G., I, 77, 118; IV, 631, Harrell, G. K., II, 496. 632. Ha.rell, Henry D., Ill, 715. Hardy, J. Geddings, I, 118; IV, Han ell, M., Ill, 453. 642. Harrell, Nicholas, II, 102. Hardy, W. B., IV, 695. Harrell, Wm. B., IV, 644. Hardy, Washington M., I, 70, 118; Harrelson, M. M., II, 118. II, 757; III, 187, 188, 191, 198, He rriet Lane, Flagship, V, 45, 301, 454, 473, 483, 486, 492; IV, 6, 101, 302. 105, 334, 440. Harrill, Amos, III, 347, 356. Hardy's Brigade, III, 198; IV, 440. Harrill, H., Ill, 348. Hardy's Light Artillery, III, 473. Harrill, J. N, I, 135, 137, 146, 149, Hare, J. B., II, 678, 689. 150; III, 223. Hare's Hill, Battle of, I, 209, 650; Harrill, Lawson, I, 766, 771, 772; II, 124, 264, 534, 625, 673; 111, III, 316, 338, 342, 372, 376, 391, 16, 122, 144, 157, 282, 390; IV, 393; V, 179, 188, 189. 450, 494. Harrington, Abner, II, 678, 681. Hargett, J. M., I, 137; IV, 722. Harrington, Timothy, IV, 298. Hargrave, W. F., IV, 13. Harrington, Thomas H., II, 89. Hargrove, Jesse, IV, 650. Harrington, W. M., Ill, 433. Hargrove, Tazewell L., II, 335; III, Harris, A. H, III, 84. 22, 24; IV, 707, 721. Harris, C. L., II, 791, 807. Hargrove, W. W., II, 582. Harris, Cebern L., IV, 650. Harkins, Thomas, IV, 111. Harris, D. B., Ill, 362. Harkins, T. J., Ill, 482. Harris, David T., IV, 245. Harlee, Wm., F., II, 182. Harris, Edwin Victor, Ml, 133, 143. Harmer, Jno. H, II, 190. Harris, F. S., V, 107. Harmon, D. O, III, 433. Harris, H. J., IV, 329. Harney, Frank M., I, 248, 276, 719. Harris, James G., V, 646. Harney, E. C, II, 166. Harris, I. A., I, 368; IV, 111, 114. Harold, Abram F., II, 89. Harris, J. E., IV, 326, 335. Harper, Charles E., Capt. 22d, II, Harris, J. F., V, 193. 165, 168. Harris, James G., I, 361, 385, 386; Harper, C. E., Lt. 75th, IV, 92. Ill, 78; IV, 472; V, 665. Harper, Cornelius, II, 462. Harris, J. J., II, 496. , Harper, G. W. F., Ill, 431, 432, 433, Harris, Joseph J., Ill, 84. 437, 444; V, xi, 670. Harris, John L„ II, 270, 271, 286, Harper, J. O, I, 651. 290, 614; III, 376, 378. Harper, John W., IV, 42, 54. Harris, J. M., (14th), I, 726. Harper, Luby, III, 686. Harris, J. M., (26th), II, 372, 396; Harper's Ferry, I, 39, 259, 372, IV, 701, 707. 784 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Harris, J. R., II, 89. Harris, J. S., I, 378; V, 665. Harris, Julian Shakespeare, III, 626. Harris, Kiah P., II, 114. Harris, Nick M., II, 80. Harris, Orrin J., Ill, 224. Harris, Richard, II, 462. Harris, Reuben, III, 225. Harris, R. S., (15th), I, 735. Harris, R. S., (20th), II, 112. Harris, T. A., V, 243. Harris, T. C, V, 242. Harris, Thos. W., I, 441; III, 529, 541, 643, 649; V, 12. Harris, W. D., Ill, 84. Harris, W. H, III, 432; IV, 641. Harris, William W., Ill, 503; IV, 641. Harris, W. S., I, 736. Harris, Wm., IV, 304. Harris, Zenah A., Ill, 224. Harris, Lt, V, 304, 307. Com mander of the Steamer "Black Warrior." Harris, Sergt. 10th Battalion, IV, 326. Harrison, Geo. P., V, 167. Harrison, John A., Ml, 84. Harrison, Jno. K., II, 653. Harrison, J. W., I, 232. Harrison, Virginius, IV, 527, 644. Harrison, Wm. C, III, 660. Harrison, W. H, II, 746; III, 85; IV, 650. Harrison's Brigade, III, 678, 679; IV, 101. Harrison's Landing, I, 539; III, 116, 166; IV, 235, 356, 502. Hart, B. T., I, 735; IV, 506. Hart, E. S., II, 244; IV, 723. Hart, F. A., IV, 107. Hartley, D. M., II, 790. Hartman, Jacob, I, 292. Hartman, J. H, III, 219. Hartman, Lewis A., II, 537. Hartman, W. H., II, 507, 512. Hartsell, J. M., II, 791, 807; IV, 707. Hartsfleld, Asa A., IV, 303, 306. Hartsfleld, Jacob A., I, 137; IV, 721. Hartsfleld, Lemuel H, II, 771; IV, 721. Hartsog, Jno., II, 653. Harward, Charlie, I, 557. Hartz,, Asa V, 39. Harvey, E., V, 39. Harvey, Hanna, V, 194. Harvey, Wm. H., V, 50. Harvey, Guards John, II, 2. Haskell's Battalion, IV, 354. Haskett, Thomas B., I, 496, 521, 526. Haskins, B. B., I, 585. Haskins, Blount, I, 555. Hassell, Theodore, IV, 527, 547. Hassel, Wm., II, 746. Hatch, W. H., V, 624. Hatcher, Alfred A., II, 707, 738; IV, 638. Hatcher's Run, I, 328, 501, 650, 702; II, 124, 143, 262, 281, 390, 391, 589 782, 783; IV, 88, 509, 526, 567. Hackett, Jno. W., II, 770. Haterick, P. W., Ill, 261. Hathaway, Lt., (19th), I, 441. Hathaway, Nathaniel, V, 282. Hatteras, I, 489; V, 6, 35, 36, 37, 38, 44, 50, 54, 56, 305, 306, 321, 680. Hatteras Avengers, V, 63, 66, 67. Haughton, Charles T., Ill, 85. Haughton, Thomas B., Ill, 202; IV, 617. Haughton, Thomas H., IV, 379, 380. Hauser, A. J., I, 120; IV, 722. Hauser, A. L., II, 398, 537, 540. Hauser, Robert A., II, 537; IV, 474. Hauser, Robt. H, II, 540. Hawes, John R., II, 16. General Index. 785 Hawes' Shop, I, 430; II, 101; III, 608. Hawkins, A. G., II, 771. Hawkins, C. C, IV, 216. Hawkins, J. B., II, 299. Hawks, Francis T., IV, 425, 428, 247. Hawley, Ransom G., II, 120. Hawse, J. T., Ill, 218. Hayes, Caleb M., Ill, 223. Hayes, A. B., II, 397. Hayes, George W., II, 79. Hayes, Jas. W., II, 540. Hayes, Jno. S., II, 292. Hayes, John W., I, 486. Hayes, Joseph L., I, 120. Hayes, Julius J., Ill, 715. Haygood, Gen., II, 764. Haygood's Brigade, III, 691; IV, 105. Hayne, H., II, 64. Haynes, Albert Sidney, I, 114, 119, 585; IV, 707; V, 153. Haynes, Joseph E., Ill, 515. Haynes, L. F., II, 675, 678. Haynes, P. P., I, 233. Haynes, W. G, IV, 100. Hays, A. B., II, 372, 396, 397. Hays, Haunce, II, 539. Hays, H. H., V, 602. Hays, John S., IV, 503. Hays, Joseph L.. I, 285. Hays, William, III, 715. Hays, W. A., II, 455, 462. Hays' Brigade, V, 606. Haywood, Duncan C, I, 368, 369; III, 111. Haywood, E. Burke, IV, 625, 626, 629; V, 577, 649. Haywood, Ed. Graham, I, 361, 363, 365, 366, 369, 377, 386; II, 313, 317, 542; IV, 472. Haywood, F. J., I, 286, 287; IV, 700, 707. Haywood, Moses, III, 23. Haywood, William H., I, 383; III, 111. 50 Hazel River, II, 133. Hazelle, M. O, I, 232. Head en, Wm. J., II, 304, 396. Headley, P. D., IV, 225. Headrick, W. H., Ill, 482. Hearne, James D., Ill, 225. Heath, J. F., IV, 723. Heath, J. J. F., II, 64. Heath's Mills, III, 679. "Hebe," (ship), V, 351, 352. Hebert, Louis, IV, 267, 268; V, 239. Hebert's Brigade, IV, 306, 439. Hedgecock, J. C, II, 132; IV, 230. Hedgepeth, A. W., II, 462. Hedrick, E. M., Ill, 433. Hedrick, John J., II, 631, 745, 762; IV, 47, 342, 361, 413, 419; V, 24, 26. Heebner, Charles, II, 113. Heflin, Jesse F., Ill, 81. Heflin, R. L., Ill, 81. Heilig, P. A., I, 277. Heitman, A. M., IV, 10, 13. Heitman, J. F., Ill, 117. Hellard, Jesse, III, 203. Hellen, Joseph F., I, 164; II, 747. Hellers, John, I, 232. Helton, M. L., II, 185; IV, 701, 707. Hemphill, J. Y., IV, 396. Hemphill, Lee, IV, 153. Henderson, C. A., IV, 632. Henderson, F., IV, 707. Henderson, Francis M., IV, 623, 630. Henderson, John, III, 760. Henderson, Leonard A., I, 405; 203, 204. Henderson, L. J., IV, 722. Henderson, Thos. B., II, 771; IV, 722. Henderson, Ass't Engineer of ship "Sea Bird," V, 309. Henderson's Brigade, III, 443. Hendrix, Wm., II, 791. Henkel, D. S., II, 466; IV, 473, 611. Henly, Lt., IV, 377; V, 287, 294. Henrahan, W. S., I, 486. 786 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Henry, A. F., IV, 643. Henry, James L., I, 486; IV, 113, 114, 569. Henry, J. L., (26th), II, 372, 397. Henry, R. M., Ml, 515. Henry, William, IV, 111. Henry's Battalion, I, 16, 579; IV, 363, 380. Hensley, John A., Ill, 432. Hensley, W. M., V, 194. Henson, Thos. G., Ill, 504. Herald, Furney, I, 176. Heriot, R. L., V,- 643. Heritage, Furnifold G,. I, 161, 162. Herndon, Benjamin, I, 292. Herndon, E. W., IV, 472. Herndon, H, III, 432. Heroine, A North Carolina, V, 19. Herron, Arch, III, 518. Herring, Calvin, II, 457, 461. Herring Creek, I, 431; Ml, 609. Herring, Isaiah, III, 82. Herring, John D., Ill, 82. Herring, Robt., V, 406. Herring, S. B., II, 676. Herring, Thorns J., Ill, 218. Herring, Wm. A., II, 746. Herrington, Frank, IV, 298. Herrington, Herbert, IV, 298. Herrington, Hiram, IV, 298. Herrington, Jas. A., I, 233. Herrington, James O, V, 664. Herrington, Orrie, IV, 298. Hertford Light Infantry, V, 36, 40, 42, 44. Hester, Joseph, IV, 107. Heth, Harry, II, 41, 388; III, 237; IV, 185, 559, 560, 562; V, 115, 116, 118, 120, 135, 138, 587. Heth's Division, II, 172, 357, 361; III, 237, 246, 295, 299, 300; IV, 178, 438, 442, 505, 558, 563; V, 96, 101, 103, 104, 117, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 139, 140, 146, 151, 208. Hewett, John, IV, 298. Hewett, Otho, IV, 298. Hewitt, Wm., IV, 298. Heyer, Charles, I, 234. Hibriten Guards, II, 304. Hickerson, Chas. N., II, 653; IV, 474. Hickerson, James, II, 653; IV, 474, 637. Hickman, A. H., IV, 707. Hicks, A. D., IV, 420, 701, 707. Hicks, Albert R., IV, 25, 26, 28. Hicks, C. B., IV, 420. Hicks, Chesley, IV, 100. Hicks, Elkanah, III, 482. Hicks, F. G., I, 734. Hicks, F. Y., IV, 701, 707. Hicks, James, III, 355. Hicks, J. C, I, 630. Hicks, Lewis T., II, 115, 125; IV, 701, 708. Ricks, Robert I., II, 198, 267; IV, 521, 635. Hicks' Ford, IV, 44. Higginbotham, Ed. G., II, 537; IV, 472, 474, 637, 644. Higgins, Isaac C, III, 504, 505. Higgins, Israel, IV, 211. Higgins, J. M., I, 734; II, 164, 165; III, 152. Higgins, Wiley F., Ill, 703. Higgs, G. A., II, 771. Highland Rangers, 1 1, 770. Hight, A. O, I, 735. Highsmith, Robt. O, II, 770. Higley, Gilbert P., Ill, 212, 219; IV, 723. Hildesheimer, Capt., V, 630, 631. Hildersheimer, Joseph, IV, 654; V, 630, 631. Hill, Albert A., I, 180; III, 113, 117, 123; IV, 6, 398. Hill, A. B., II, 497, 771; IV, 379. Hill, Chas. W., IV, 692, 693. Hill, D. H., I, xi, 77, 78, 83, 105, 111, 115, 117, 126, 180, 242, 246, 283, 379, 540, 573, 613, 624, 657, 693; II, 498, 499, 501, 504, 523, 524, 547, 548; III, 4, 19, 170, 233, General Index. 787 255, 328, 350, 354, 554; IV, 19, 76, Hilliard, J. H, I, 232. 212, 221, 346, 350, 357, 361, Hilliard, Louis, I, 157. 444, 513, 530, 537, 557; V, 645, Hilliard, N. B., Ill, 23. 646, 665. Hilliard, William H., IV, 633. Hill, George, III, 710. Hilliard, Wm. L., I, 485. Hill, G. H, II, 509. Hilton, , I, 133. Hill, Hugo A., II, 538, 578. Hilton Head, IV, 327, 715; V, 620. Hill, H. G., IV, 607.- Hind, Benj., II, 307, 371, 396. Hill, James A., Ill, 262. Hines, Amos J., I, 404. Hill, J. B., II, 772, 786; IV, 582. Hines, E. D., Ill, 589. Hill, Jas. H, II, 648; V, 234, 240. Hines, Harvey L., IV, 623, 630. Hill, J. C, III, 229. Hines, Henry, III, 262. Hill, Jno., V, 404. Hines, J. C, III, 589; IV, 723. Hill, J. E., II, 187. Hines, J. J., IV, 609. Hill, Jno. F., II, 581. Hines, J. M., Ill, 36. Hill, Jno. F., (Surgeon), IV, 66, Hines, John S., II, 79; IV, 379, 381. 625, 626. Hines, J. S., I, 135, 136, 140. Hill, Jno. H, II, 747, 763, 765. Hines, J. W., I, 291. Hill, Joseph C, III, 223. Hines, M. M., I, 120; II, 183. Hill, Junius L., I, 361, 365, 377; Hines, Peter E., 1,77,117; IV, 623, IV, 467, 472; V, 11. 625, 629, 631; V, 577, 649. Hill, Lauriston H, III, 261; IV, Hines, Samuel H„ IV, 721. 640. Hines, W. R., IV, 28. Hill, Robert A., Ill, 262. Hinrick, (a civilian), V, 309. Hill, R. C, III, 114, 123; IV, 501, Hinsdale, John W., Ill, 1, 19; IV, 504; V, 10. 7, 35, 37, 51, 52, 53, 61, 499, 588, Hill, Samuel J., II, 789, 805; IV, 594; V, 650, 677. 614. Hinsdale's Junior Reserves, IV, Hill, Samuel P., IV, 700. 351. Hill, Thomas, (Surgeon), II, 745; Hinson, John W., Ill, 3. IV, 7, 37, 625, 638. Hinson's Mills, III, 559. Hill, Tom, I, 556, 559. Hinton, H. E., IV, 403. Hill, William, III, 261. Hinton, Jas. W., I, 387, 527; III, Hill, W. J., I, 281, 287, 289; IV, 681,713,721; IV, 11, 17, 757, 768. 707. Hinton, John, III, 500. Hill, Wm. P., I, 77; II, 186. Hinton, Joseph W., I, 527; III, 713, Hill, W. R., IV, 393. 722; IV, 17. Hillsboro Military Academy, V, Hinton, Sydney A., Ill, 85. 637, 643. Hinton's Regiment, IV, 768. Hill's (D. H.) Corps, I, 390; III, Hipps, J. A., Ill, 482. 488; IV, 183, 212, 438, 439, 563; Hobbs, Edward S., II, 7. V, 173. Hobbs' Mill, IV, 221. Hill's (D. H.) Division, Ml, 79, 454, Hobson, Caleb B., Ill, 206, 210, 497; IV, 54, 158, 163, 437, 447, 214, 218; V, 11. 544, 572; V, 591. Hobson, Henry, III, 534. Hill's Ferry, IV, 417. Hobson, James M., I, 161; IV, 722. Hill's Senior Reserves, IV, 398. Hobson, John M., I, 161. 788 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Hobson, W. H., Ill, 586, 587. Hockaday, James, IV, 107. Hockaday, W. L., IV, 329. Hocutt, E. R., V, 193. Hodge, Abram, I, 574. Hodges, J. W., V, 194. Hodges, Wm. R., Ill, 434. Hodges, J. D., Ill, 587, 588. Hodges, J. E., IV, 721. Hodges, J. F., IV, 700, 708. Hodges, Noel B., II, 746. Hodgins, R. W., I, 232. Hoey, Jno. E., II, 486, 489. Hoey, Samuel A., II, 581. Hofflin, Mlarcus, I, 230, 231, 234, 269. Hoffman, L. M., IV, 28. Hofler, Job, Ml, 223. Hofler, Peterson, III, 224. Hofler, William O., Ill, 223. Hog Hill Guards, II, 183. Hoge, Moses D., V, 337, 344, 362. Hoge, Lieut, (C. S. N.), V, 327, 331. Hogg, T. D., I, 17, 37, 48, 51, 56. Hoggard, H. E., IV, 339. Hoke, George M., IV, 643. Hoke-Godwin-Lewis Brigade, IV, 436, 525. Hoke, R. F., I, xi, 8, 48, 78, 111, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 309, 310, 357; II, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 36, 130, 282, 311, 315, 320, 321, 515, 516, 517, 519, 537, 544, 545, 547, 548, 552, 558, 579, 616, 618, 619, 647, 677, 681, 764, 797,798,802; 111,132, 135, 177, 273, 275, 346, 351, 704, 708, 722, 727, 910; IV, 20, 31, 84, 166, 237, 241, 242, 268, 361, 427, 473, 491, 496, 525, 526, 528, 537, 573, 574; V, xii, 4, 175, 177, 178, 182, 183, 184, 190, 192, 193, 197, 199, 204, 241, 318, 321, 325, 606. Hoke, John F., II, 188, 190, 198, 201; IV, 6, 66, 440; V, 5, 66, 650. Hoke, W. A., V, 680. Hoke, W. J., I, 75, 78, 91, 98, 118, 125, 127; II, 676, 679, 691, 694; IV, 129, 133, 155, 176, 180, 400, 440, 551 ; V, 7. Hoke's Brigade, I, 335, 382; II, 139, 248, 569, 616; III, 6, 269, 333, 337, 411, 416, 417; V, 177, 178, 180, 183, 190, 191, 194, 197, 606, 608. Hoke's Division, I, 403, 405; II, 802; III, 196, 200, 357, 440, 513, 687, 689, 691, 699; IV, 351, 393, 438, 442, 489, 497, 531, 538, 541, 598; V, 9, 18, 22, 30, 31, 53, 60, 87, 221, 241, 318, 468. Hoke's Farewell Address, IV, 32. Holbroke, Wm. A., II, 705. Holbrook, Josiah, II, 183. Holcombe, W. P., IV, 580. Holden, E. Brock, III, 457, 469. Holden, Joseph W., II, 507. Holden, J. A., II, 89, 96. Holden, W. W., (Gov.), I, 65; III, 376. Holder, Abram, I, 291. Holding, Calvin, I, 559. Holeman, James, II, 271. Holland, Daniel, II, 632. Holland, E. E., IV, 100. Holland, G. G., II, 475, 480, 483. Holland, James, III, 125. Holland, Jesse, III, 686. Holland, J. Q., IV, 25, 28. Holland, William A., II, 745, 746, 756, 762, 764; V, 651. Holland, W. H., Ill, 347. Holland, W. P., IV, 91. Holliday, J. G., IV, 365, 368. Holliday, R. H., IV, 297. Holliday, T. S., I, 137. Holliday, Lt., IV, 521. Holiingsworth, J., Ill, 348. Holiingsworth, J. B., Ill, 577. Holloman, Joseph, III, 714. Hollomon, Kindred, Ml, 715. Hollomon, W. D., Ill, 457. Holloway, G. W., V, 602. General Index. 789 Holloway, Jno. B., II, 304, 358, 372, Hooker, Samuel D., Ill, 723. 396, 397; V, 601. Hook's Battalion, IV, 6, 108. Holloway, J. M., V, 602. Hooks, Boaz F., IV, 3, 108, 399. Holmes, M. C, I, 745. Hooks, William, IV, 91. Holmes, Gabriel, IV, 13. Hoole, Jas. L., V, 304, 305, 307. Holmes, G., Ill, 65. Hooper, A. D., Ill, 516; IV, 701, Holmes, J. A., I, 233. 707. Holmes, Jas. C, II, 495. Hooper, H. R., IV, 7. Holmes, John, I, 232. Hooper, Joseph A., II, 166. Holmes, L. A., I, 734. Hooper, R. L., IV, 702, 707. Holmes, Melville, I, 247. Hoover, D. B., I, 630. Holmes, Owen, 111, 65, 82. Hoover, J. M., Ill, 82. Holmes, Theophilus H., I, xi, 12; Hopkins, Geo. W., Ml, 437, 447. II, 164, 328, 334, 427, 461, 597, Hopkins, H. N., II, 676. 677; III, 4, 163, 166; IV, 7, 9, Hopkins, James A., Ill, 42. 11, 36, 37, 50, 65, 105, 131, 133, Hopkins, Private 69th, III, 662. 501, 587; V, 7, 668. Hopper, J. N, IV, 28. Holmes Theophilus H., Jr., IV, 37. Horah, George, III, 76, 80. Holmes, W. R., Ill, 366. Horde, Wm. F., II, 538. Holmes' Division, IV, 437. Home, L. H., II, 64. Holsenback, John W., Ill, 347. Hornaday, E. H, II, 307, 371, 396. Holshouser, Rufus, I, 574. Home, Jesse, III, 20. Holshouser, Sergeant, (4th Regt.) Home, H. R., I, 120; IV, 355, 356, I, 278. 357, 358; V, 282. Holt, D. A., I, 292. Home, H. W., I, 119; IV, 721. Holt, E. J., IV, 90, 91, 580. Home, J. R., I, 556. Holt, Jesse M., Ill, 262. Home, N. A., Ill, 356. Holt, L. Banks, IV, 497. Home, R. H., IV, 355. Holt, P. A., IV, 632, 633. Home, S. R., Ill, 262. Holt, W. A., IV, 551, 626, 627, 629. Horner, J. H, II, 184. Holt, W. H, II, 610. Horner, Capt., V, 409. Captain of Holt, W. N, III, 288, 296. steamer "Flora." Holton, Samuel R., Ill, 316, 348, Hornet's Nest rifles, I, 125; V, 378; V, 189. 577. Home Guards, I Pref., 44, 52, 54; Horran, G. D., I, 734. IV, 224, 645, 649; V, 1, 6, 7, 599, Horse Shoe, The, I, 548; 111, 46. 602 629, 635. Horton, Augustus H., II, 303, 307, Honeyeutt, Frank, II, 352, 353, 396. 374. Horton, A. V., II, 512. Honeyeutt, J. B., I, 291. Horton, Jonathan, II, 653. Hood, Ezekiel, I, 525. Horton, J. P., Ill, 433. Hood, John B., Ill, 493, 500; V, Horton, J. W., I, 735. 679. Horton, N., IV, 700, 707. Hood, Wm. S., II, 604, 605, 607, Horton, Phineas, II, 303, 371, 396. 608, 625; IV, 576; V, 78. Horton, R. D., II, 371, 396, 397, Hood's Corps, III, 492. 398. Hooker, Henry H., II, 747. Hoskins, Calhoun, III, 504. 790 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Hospitals Established, IV, 623, 627; V, 443. Houck, J. B., II, 371, 396, 397. Houk, Calvin, IV, 372. Houk, Wm. A., II, 581. Houser, A. J., I, 137. Houser, A. P., I, 137. Houston, Lt, (Va.), IV, 671. Houston, A. H., I, 734. Houston, H. V., Ill, 219. Houston, John, III, 680. Houston, R. B. B., Ill, 228. Houston, Thcs. A., Ill, 663; IV, 642. Houston, W. H, IV, 131. Houston, W. G. P., Ill, 224. Houston, W. J., I, 418, 424, 486. Howard, Alvis B., II, 539. Howard, Benjamin A., I, 176. Howard, E. Lloyd, IV, 636. Howard, F., II, 63. Howard, Frank, V, 18. Howard, Henry, II, 63. Howard, Jno. W., II, 770. Howard, John, I, 158; V, 11. Howard, Joseph W., Ill, 23. Howard, J., Ill, 347. Howard, J. R., II, 462. Howard, Lewis W., II, 770. Howard, Lloyd, II, 461. Howard, Rev., IV, 602. Howard, Richard, III, 660; IV, 701, 707. Howard, Sam., Ill, 586. Howard, W. C, III, 119. Howard, Wm., I, 137, 158; II, 63. Howard, William H., Ml, 405. Howell, D. L., I, 232. Howell, E. G., Ill, 482. Howell, Geo. W., II, 292. Howell, J. A., II, 790, 806. Howell, J. C, V, 243. Howell, James K., I, 136; IV, 604. Howell, Paul, V, 602. Howell, R. P., IV, 92. Howell's Battery, III, 678. Howerton, Samuel W., I, 734; IV, 608. Howerton, William H., Ill, 405. Howie, G. W., II, 625, 671. Howie, Sanford G., II, 603; V, 77. Howland, Levi, III, 706. Howlett's House, IV, 530. Howser, A. J., IV, 722. Hoyle, James, IV, 209. Hoyle, J. J., Ill, 296, 310. Hoyle, Lemuel J., I, 119, 585. Hubbard, H. O, I, 292. Huckabee, A. A., II, 64. Hudson, Abram, V, 601. Hudson, Ambrose, V, 602. Hudson, Daniel L., II, 660, 670. Hudson, Hinton J., II, 675, 678. Hudson, James, V, 577, 578. Hudson, Joel, III, 366. Hudson, Josiah, II, 119. Hudson, Noah, III, 482. Hudson, W. J., IV, 245. Hudspeth, A. M., V, 602. Hudspeth, G. W., V, 602. Hudspeth, Robert, V, 600, 601. Hudspeth, R. N., II, 396, 397; V, 602. Huff, Jas. T., Ill, 474, 478, 482, 496. Huff, Leonard O, III, 474, 491. Huff, W.*H., I, 569. Huffman, Capt., IV, 526. Huffman, Wm. S., II, 690. Hufstedler, Jno., II, 717. Huger, Benj., V, 57, 58. Huger's Division, IV, 437, 570. Huggins, George W., II, 28. Huggins, James B., IV, 361. Huggins, Jas. J., IV, 701, 708. Hughes, Jas. B., I, 157; IV, 631. Hughes, Jas. S., II, 541. Hughes, John, II, 553; III, 453; IV, 472, 526. Hughes, Jno. H., II, 507, 512. Hughes, Job. C, III, 346, 347, 355. Hughes, Jordan, III, 220. Hughes, N. Colin, I, 157, 158, 163; IV, 556, 568; V, 131. Hughes, Noah H., Ill, 313, 338, 366; V, 179, 191. General Index. 791 Hughes, Paschal C, II, 705, 706, 724. Hughes T. J., V, 453, 455, 456. Hughes, Theodore J., II, 83. Hughes, W. R., II, 511; IV, 637. Humber, Wm. H, II, 462. Hume's Division, III, 679. Humphrey, Henry W., II, 613, 627. Humphrey, Jno. F., IV, 28. Humphrey, L. W., 11, 770. Humphrey Troops, II, 771. Hunnicutt, E. M., II, 791, 807. Hunt, B. F., II, 678. Hunt, C. A., I, 272. Hunt, Jas. M., II, 539, 578. Hunt, J. M. B., I, 639. Hunt, L. H, IV, 553. Hunt, M. T., I, 291. Hunt, R. W, I, 734 Hunt, Seward H., I, 665. Hunt, Weldon S., II, 538. Hunter, E. L., V, 239. Hunter, G. W., II, 183, 188. Hunter, H. H., I, 485; IV, 633. Hunter, R. M. T., Ill, 386. Hunter Saml. B., II, 630, 635, 651. Hunter, S. C, IV, 131. Hunter, Silas C, II, 598. Hunter, Thos., Ill, 660. Hunter, Thos. T., V, 304, 307. Hunter, W. G., IV, 28. Hunter, Wm. W. N., II, 765. Huntersville, Va., IV, 140. Huntley, Stephen, III, 3. Huntsville, IV, 273. Hurley, Alexander F., Ill, 223. Hurley, E., Ill, 434. Hurley, L., Ill, 434. "Huron," V, 242, 245. Steamer. Hurst, L. H, III, 347, 366. Hurtt, D. W., I, 163, 169, 171. Huse, Samuel, V, 243. Huske, Benjamin R., I, 78, 118, 129; III, 113, 114, 115, 123; V, 12. 651. Huske, Jas. W„ I, 120; III, 228, 246, 250. Huske, Wright, I, 75, 78, 91, 126, 127; IV, 294. Hussey, T. C, III, 65, Huston, J. K., IV, 51. Hutcheson, Wm. J., II, 690. Hutcherson, David, 1, 485. Hutchings, John W., Ill, 457, 713; IV, 634, 641, 642. Hutchinson, B. C, I, 731. Hutson, William, III, 480. Hyatt, J. B., Ill, 474, 476, 478, 482. Hyatt, Rice, III, 662. Hyatt, Thaddeus C, II, 297. Hybart, T. L., IV, 40, 41. Hyman, John D., I, 230, 268. Hyman, Joseph H, I, 654, 673, 676, 683; II, 178, 697; IV, 442, 554. Hyman, S. A., II, 507, 512. Hyman, S. Layne, I, 383. Hyman, T. B., II, 771. Hyman, Theophilus C, II, 538, 578. Ihrie, R. R., I, 733, 736; IV, 650. Imboden, J. M., II, 257, 258; III, 270, 271, 746; IV, 181. Independent Guards, II, 303, Independent Grays, V, 42. Indians in Battle, III, 736. Inglis, James, III, 432, 437. Inglish S. M., IV, 708. Ingraham, S. M., II, 675. Inman, A. A., IV, 701. Ingram, Eli, III, 731. Ingram, James R., Ill, 225. Ingram, Wm. L., II, 372, 374, 397. Ingram, S. M., II, 678. Ingram, Joel, I, 724. Inman, J. P., II, 64. Investigating Committee, IV, 247. Iredell, C. J., I, 441, 486, 782. Iredell, Campbell T., Ill, 84, 103; IV, 556. Iredell, James J., II, 592, 593, 675; III, 258, 260; IV, 515; V, 12, 651. Ireland, David, V, 35. Ireland, J. F., II, 112. Irish Battalicn, IV, 142-3. 792 North Carolina Troops, l861-'65. Isbell, Jas. M., II, 165. James, J. E., Ml, 481. Isley, E., II, 462. James, James W., Ill, 380. Isley, Lewis N, II, 461. James, Matthew, II, 462. Israel, F. J., Ill, 482. James, Philip A., Ill, 224. Israel, J. M., I, 751. James, R., II, 462. Israel, J. N, IV, 138. James, Redden, 111, 489. Israel, Pleas., Ill, 473. James, Robert, III, 218. Itasca, The, V, 299. James, R. P., II, 112. Iverson, Alfred, I, 628; II, 114,225, James, Theodore O, I, 213. 233, 235, 237, 239; IV, 281, 522. James, Wm. H., IV, 417, 419. Iverson's Brigade, I, 637; IV, 253; Jameson, W., V, 245. II, 230, 524. Jamesville, IV, 82. Ivey, T. J., I, 582; IV, 222. Jamison, John, III, 618. Ivey, Wm. H., IV, 722. Jarratt's Station, II, 58, 576; III, Jack Mountain, III, 463. 311. Jackey, Charles E., Ill, 288, 295. Jarrett, George, III, 453. Jacksboro, IV, 290. Jarrett, J. A., II, 358, 371, 396, 397. Jack's Shop, I, 448; II, 45, 478; Jarrett, J. M., I, 734. Ill, 464, 472, 572, 579. Jarrett, J. W., I, 734. Jackson, Alfred E., Ill, 739, 742; Jarvis, D. W., Ill, 504. IV, 172. Jarvis, J. A., Ill, 660. Jackson, A. J., II, 497. Jarvis, Jno. A., II, 485. Jackson, Eli, III, 475. Jarvis, S. A., IV, 700, 708. Jackson, George, IV, 29, 39, 42, Jarvis, T. J., I, 403; IV, 490, 537. 43, 108, 265, 268, 383, 399, 589. Jay, Joseph, IV, 216. Jackson, G. W., II, 540. Jay, W. H., IV, 216. Jackson, H. R., IV, 140, 400. "Jefferson Davis Mountain Rifles," Jackson, o no. A., II, 375; III, 22, 23. II, 162. Jackson, J. J., I, 735. Jeffords, R. J., IV, 266, 528. Jackson, Jno. Q., Ill, 504, 505. Jeffreys, W. A., II, 786. Jackson, J. R., II, 64. Jenkins, B. P., IV, 91, 701, 708. Jackson, Olin, III, 366. Jenkins, H. J., IV, 365, 722; V, Jackson, W. S., I, 735. 677. Jackson, (Midshipman), V, 309, Jenkins, Frederick H., II 538. 310, 311. Jenkins, Jas. H, ll, 538. Jackson's (A. E.) Brigade, III, 520, Jenkins, J. F., I, 128. 736; IV, 119, 121, 383, 399. Jenkins, Joseph, IV, 653. Jackson's Corps, I, 663; III, 269; Jenkins, J. P., I, 137. IV, 171, 173, 234; V, 8. Jenkins, M., II, 775. Jacobs, Benj. J., IV, 107. Jenkins, T. G., Ill, 76, 81. Jacobs, J. M., Ill, 315, 347. Jenkins, T. M., IV, 701, 708. Jacobs, J. W., I, 734. Jenkins, Surgeon, (S. C), III, 65; Jacobs, Jesse C, I, 110. IV, 639, 657. Jacocks, J. A., V, 282. Jenkins, W. A., Ill, 64, 65, 81. James. H. H., I, 233. Jenkins, W. B., Ill, 203. James' Island, II, 513; III, 510; V, Jenkins, Wilson T., I, 168, 274, 163. 708. General Index. 793 Jenkins, Lt. 33d, II, 578. Jenkins, Capt. Home Guard, IV, 653. Jennett, Robt., II, 539, 578. Jennings, James A., I, 585. Jennings, Jas. R., I, 77, 119. Jennings, Nathaniel B., I, 585. Jennings, W. L., Ill, 577. Jericho Ford, II, 480, 573; IV, 196, 469. Jerome, E. A., Ml, 263. Jerome, R. J., I, 734. Jerome, R. P., I, 733, 734. Jessup, Isaac, I, 120; IV, 350. Jetersville, II, 482. Jewett, R. B., IV, 306. Johns, Anthony B., IV, 50, 639. Johns, William R., IV, 50. Johnson, A. R., II, 390, 395, 396, 397. Johnson, B. C, III, 366. Johnson, B. R., II, 176, 718. Johnson, Balden, IV, 298. Johnson, Bradley T., II, 123, 251; IV, 758, 762, 763; V, 214. Johnson, Bushrod, II, 285, 713, 730; IV, 491. Johnson, Carson, IV, 13. Johnson, Chas E., IV, 623, 624, 628. Johnson, Cornelius, II, 496. Johnson, David (2d Regt.), I, 176. Johnson, David, (68th), III, 723. Johnson, Edward, II, 120; III, 6; V, 596. Johnson, Elisha G., Ill, 730, 732. Johnson, Frank S., IV, 51. Johnson, Geo. W., II, 1. Johnson, Hiram, II, 374. Johnson, I. J., II, 496. Johnson, James, I, 606; IV, 633. Johnson, Jas. D., I, 292. Johnson, James F., I, 782. Johnson, John, II, 63. Johnson, Jno. H., Ill, 503. Johnson, J. J., II, 676. Johnson, J. H., Ill, 24, 37. Johnson, John R., I, 630. Johnson, Joshua, V, 194. Johnson, J. T., II, 579. Johnson, L. A., Ill, 457, 464, 468. Johnson, Lee^ II, 183. Johnson, Lucius J., II, 2, 5; IV, 538, 544, 545; V, 11, 651, 680. Johnson, Miles, 1, 486. Johnson, P. J., V, 663. Johnson, Robert, IV, 299. Johnson, R. B., Ill, 515. Johnson, R. W., IV, 51. Johnson, Stewart L., II, 2; V, 15, 44, 46, 47, 680. Johnson, S. M., IV, 92. Johnson, Thomas D., IV, 117. Johnson, Thos. L., IV, 721. Johnson, W., IV, 107. Johnson, Waverly, II, 619; IV, 13, 490, 572. Johnson, W. A., I, 164. Johnson, William, III, 680. Johnson, W. P., IV, 723. Johnson, Wm. R., Ill, 393. Johnson, Yancey M. C, II, 166, 172, 178. Johnson, (21st Regt), II, 143. Johnson's (Bushrod) Brigade, I, 403; III, 138, 311; IV, 489, 492. Johnson's (Bushrod) Division), V, 252, 254. Johnson's (Edward) Division, III, 50; IV, 193; V, 121, 173. Johnson's Island, II, 471; IV, 657, 689, 691, 703, 704; V, 88. Johnston, A. S., Ill, 382. Johnston, B. A., II, 668. Johnston, Branch, IV, 111. Johnston, Cary, I, 732. Johnston, Francis W„ II, 292. Johnston, Frontis H., IV, 616. Johnston Gabriel, II, 466. Johnston, George B., II, 466, 467, 471; IV, 472. Johnston, G. W., V, 35, 38, 39, 40, 42, 47, 49, 50. Johnston, Jas. F., I, 441, 485. 794 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Johnston, Jas. T., II, 610, 613, 623, Jones, Daniel McL., II, 512. 625, 627. Jones, E. P., (Col., Va.), IV, 717. Johnston, Jesse, I, 291. Jones, George T., Ill, 203. Johnston, John H., Ill, 22. Jones, G. W., II, 457, 462. Johnston, Joseph F., II, 189; IV, Jones, Halcott P., Ill, 349; IV, 521, 523; V, 679. 354. Johnston, J. J., I, 291. Jones, H. O, Jr., I, 271, 281; III, Johnston, Philip J., II. 610, 628. 405, 406, 418, 422; IV, 658, 700, Johnston, Robert, I, 291. 702, 708; V, 650. Johnston, Robt. D., I, xii, 48, 644, Jones, Henry, III, 587. 646; II, 120,121, 189,201,205,206, Jones, Isaac A., I, 281, 284, 286. 223, 230, 236, 238, 239, 242, 244, Jones, Jas. H., II, 145. 264, 266; IV, 522, 523; V, 213, Jones, Jas. M., I, 281. 214, 215, 216, 649. Jones, Jay Bird, III, 506. Johnston, Thomas D., IV, 117, 128. Jones, Jno. G., I, 281; II, 597, 600, Johnston, T. L., I, 136, 150. 606, 612, 613, 622, 623; III, 136, Johnston, W. A., I, 711, 716, 728; 361; IV, 575; V, 10, 183. IV, 461. Jones, J. G. M., II, 371, 396, 397, Johnston, W. B., IV, 99. 420. Johnston, William, (57th Regt.), Jones, Joel, I, 159. Ill, 411. Jones, J., IV, 463. Johnston, Wm., i, 37; V, 519. Jones, Jno., Ill, 516. Johnston, W. E., I, 630. Jones, John M., IV, 262, 264, 268. Johnston, Wm. H., II, 187, 205, Jones, John T., I, 118, 590; II, 304, 236; IV, 702, 708. 380, 395, 397, 403, 410; III, 92; Johnston's (Robert D.) Brigade, IV, 562; V, 11, 111, 131, 133, 135, I, 642, 648, 650; II, 120, 122, 231, 152. 249, 251, 267, 383, 480, 571, 666, Jones, Joseph, I, 713. 716, 777; III, 48, 417, 421, 727; Jones, Joseph P., 1, 281. IV, 242, 437, 438, 441; V, 249, Jones, Josiah M., Ml, 475. 259, 260, 264, 276. Jones, J. Pembroke, V, 232, 298, Joines, Calloway, III, 504. 447. Joines, F., II, 539, 578. Jones, J. W., IV, 625, 627, 630. Joines, M. F., IV, 700, 708. Jones, J. Wiley, Ml, 85, 108. Joines, Jno. W., Ill, 504. Jones, L. A., II, 786. Joines, W. H., Ml, 504. Jones, LeRoy, IV, 97. Jonas Ridge, IV, 372. Jones, L. W., V, 194. Jones, Arthur N., II, 114. Jones, M. M., Ill, 474. Jones, Asa W., Ill, 704. Jones, N. M., IV, 14. Jones, Bill, V, 372. Jones, Pride, II, 425, 426. Jones, C. C, III, 482. Jones, Robt. H., I, 162, 175. Jones, Chas J., I, 387. Jones, Robt. M., II, 538. Jones, C. L., V, 438. Jones, Robert T., Ill, 457. Jones, Charles P., IV, 353. Jones, Samuel, III, 723. Jones, Chas. R., Ill, 288, 296. Jones, S. C, I, 486. Jones, Clinton A., II, 291. Jones, Stephen W., Ill, 76, 81. Jones, Cyrus P., I, 731. Jones, Thaddeus, I, 159. General Index. 795 Jones, T. L., I, 607, 608, 609, 629, Joyner, J. S., IV, 701, 708. 630. Joyner, Julius S., Ill, 84. Jones, Thos. D., II, 164, 165, 167, Joyner, Robert W., II, 457, 462. 176. Julian, Frank, I, 292. Jones, Thos. O., Ill, 504. Julian, R. M., IV, 245. Jones, Thos. P., Ill, 659, 660, 662; Julich, J. F., IV, 261. IV, 702, 708. Junior Reserves, I, 16, 18, 52, 433; Jones, W., I, 485; IV, 633. Ill, 496, 634, 680, 699; IV, 2, 5, Jones, W. F., II, 161, 163, 165. 17, 18, 44, 53, 59, 62, 351, 499, 591, Jones, William B., I, 233, 272. 592, 595, 757; V, 221, 643. Jones, William B., (Chaplain), IV, Junior Reserves Brigade, IV, 12, 619. 20, 393, 438, 439, 583; V, 4. Jones, William E., Ill, 742, 746. Junaluska, The, V, 303. Jones, William H., Ill, 114, 123. Jaunita, The, V, 242, 244, 245. Jones, Willie D., II, 508. Justice, Benj. W., Ill, 84. Jones, W. M., Ill, 482. Justice, G. F., IV, 701, 708. Jones, W. T., IV, 723. Justice, J. A., IV, 216. Jones, W. W., Ill, 730, 754. Justice, John, IV, 526. Jones' Brigade, III, 463, 574. Justice, J. W., II, 165. Jones' Farm, II, 76, 104, 385, 481; Juvenile Heroism, IV, 590. Ill, 112; IV, 93. Kain's Battery, Ml, 522. Jones' House, III, 367. Kallum, Chas. K., V, 194. Jordan, A. R., II, 372. Kane, Marshall, V, 362. Jordan, A. Smith, II, 88. Kansas (vessel), V, 242, 245. Jordan, Edward M., I, 441; II, 89, Kate (vessel), V, 401. 92. Katz, Aaron, III, 261. Jordan, Henry B., II, 507. Kautz, Midshipman, V, 300. Jordan, Henry T., Ill, 288; IV, Kautz's & Wilson's Raid, I, 467; 700, 708. Ill, 538. Jordan, Jas. B., II, 303, 306, 358, Kearnes, J. N, II, 676, 678. 371, 396, 397, 415; IV, 701, 708. Kearney, H. C, I, 735, 747. Jordan, James C, IV, 14, 642. Kearney, Phil., II, 599. Jordan, John M„ I, 731. Keen, J. H., I, 137. Jordan, J. P., IV, 28, 642. Keen, Thomas, IV, 635. Jordan, John V., I, 40; II, 507, 509, Keener, John O, III, 431. 511; IV, 483; V, 59, 60, 63, 64, Keener, John S., I, 758. 65, 86, 88, 89. Keith, Alex., V, 375. Jordan Springs, I, 194. Keith, James A., Ill, 659, 660, 661, Jordan, T. N., I, 287, 288. 665. Jordan, Surgeon 23d, II, 190, 222; Keith, L. L., Ill, 504, 505. IV, 635. Keith, Thos. W., Ill, 660. Jordan's Regiment, (31st), IV, 249. Keith, Wm. M., Ill, 660. Joyner, Gilbert, I, 554, 559. Keith, W. W., IV, 634. Joyner, G. W., IV, 339. Keitt, L. M., V, 167, 200. Joyner, Henry, II, 495, 499; IV, Kell, Jas. T., II, 495, 499, 504. 636. Kelly, Jas. E., .(20th), II, 123. Joyner, Jason P., V, 640. Kelly, James E., (40th), 747. 796 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Kelly's Field, V, 171, 173. Kenerly, Rev. Mr., IV, 74. Kelly, David P., II, 538. Kennerly, P. A., 1, 3bb, 405. Kelly, Duncan, IV, 97. Kennon's Landing, III, 553, 604; V, Kelly, G. W., II, 374. 671. Kelly, J. A. O., Ill, 161, 202. Kenter, John E., I, 234. Kelly, John H., Ill, 451, 452. Kenyon, John H., II, 466. Kelly, J. C, II, 465. Keogh, Richard, III, 714. Kelly, John M., II, 600, 610; V, 12, Kepley, George, I, 574. 651. Kerley, R. B., I, 121. Kelly, John N., II, 646; V, 233, 239. Kerney, T. H., Ill, 686. Kelly, J. R., Ill, 219. Kernstown, III, 751. Kelly, M. L., Ill, 515; V, 708. Kerr, Mr., , IV, 694. Kelly, Samuel A., I, 231, 233, 261, Kerr, B. Knox, I, 232. 269. Kerr, John, III, 587. Kelly, Thomas, I, 213. Kerr, John D., IV, 40, 51, 595. Kelly, W. G., I, 231, 269. Kerr, R. Davis, III, 600. Kelly, W. J., IV, 107. Kerr, W. A., (4th Regt), I, 231, Kelly's Brigade, III, 449; IV, 439; 232, 270. V, 173. Kerr, W. A., (Lt. C. S. N.), IV, Kelly's Ford, I, 171, 422; II, 503; 404; V, 298, 327. Ill, 557. Kerr, Wm. J., (7th), I, 369, 377; Kelly sville, I, 422. IV, 467. Kemp, J. C, I, 751. Kerr, W. J., (11th), I, 584; V, Kemper's Brigade, III, 237, 300; 663. V, 101, 140, 147, 151, 177, 182. Kerrigan, Capt., (Engineers), IV, Kenan, James G., Ill, 2, 3, 19; IV, 424. 694, 701, 708. Kershaw's Brigade, V, 199, 200. Kenan, Thomas S., I, 124, 607; II, Kestler, Jeremiah M., II, 538. 677, 679; III, 1, 6, 19, 163, 171; Ketchey, J. J.. V, 194. IV, 689, 697, 700, 702, 708; V, Key, David M., Ill, 745. xiv, 611, 650, 667. Keyser, E. S., V, 244. Kenan, W. R., Ill, 1, 2, 12, 20. Keyser, Joe, IV, 298. Kendall, Henry, I, 726. Keyser, Louis. IV, 298. Kendall, Jas. S., II, 304, 330, 335, Kibler, G. B., I, 119; IV, 708. 395, 397, 409. Kidder, G. W., IV, 304. Kendrick, B. F., Ill, 366. Kifenic, M. A., I, 291. Kendrick, J. M., II, 187; IV, 700, Killet, John, II, 120. 708. Killett, L. D„ III, 3. Kennely, A. M. D., I, 233, 272. Kilpatrick, Frank M., II, 462. Kennedy, F. Milton, II, 466; IV, Kilpatrick, H. Y., IV, 600. 473, 611. Kilpatrick, J. AV., I, 766, 772; III, Kennedy, John T., II, 280, 593; 316, 317; IV, 137. IV, 71, 74, 92, 370. Kilpatrick, Miles D., II, 706. Kennedy, William, III, 224. Kilpatrick, Simon B., II, 461. Kennedy, Wm. M., II, 541, 579. Kilpatrick. Wm. M., Ill, 680. Kennedy's Battalion, I, 16. Kimbrough, John A., II, 538. "Kennedy's Cavalry," III, 175. Kincaid, George W., I, 584. General Index. 797 Kincaid, James M., Ill, 224. Kincaid, J. Rufus, II, 771. Kincaid, John, V, 603. Kincaid, J. P., Ill, 457. Kincaid, W. J., I, 119, 584; IV, 702, 708. King, A. D., II, 675. King, Alexander M., Ill, 263. King, C. A., IV, 549. King, Chas. H, III, 503. King, Daniel, II, 284. King, D. W., Ill, 347. King, Henry, III, 3. King, James A., Ill, 314, 378. King, J. E., IV, 722. King, J. K., I, 230, 268; IV, 632. King, J. N, II, 318. King, M. D., Ill, 496. King, R. W., II, 80. King, Thomas, III, 23. King, W. H., II, 64. King, W. W., IV, 38, 57. Kingsbury, Chas. P., IV, 300. Kinlaw, J. C, II, 50, 64. Kinney, D. F., I, 380. Kinney, Lt, (Art), II, 510; V, 61, 63, 66. Kinney's Farms, IV, 465. Kinsey, Jas., II, 746, 747. Kinsey, Jos., IV, 701. Kinsey, Jos. A., Ml, 731. Kinsey, Jos. E., Ill, 504. Kinsey, Wm. F., Ml, 316. Kinston, I, 515, 522, 526; II, 513; III, 5, 507; IV, 54, 221, 326, 354, 499, 592. Kinyoun, J. H., Ill, 685; IV, 642. Kinzey, Izark D., Ill, 348. Kirby, Edmund, 111, 432, 435, 450, 452; V, 11. Kirby, Geo. L., I, 157; IV, 463, 631, 644. Kirby, W. W., V, 603. Kirk, G. W., Ill, 758; IV, 4, 111, 372, 380. Kirkland, Alex. M., IV, 353. Kirkland, John, I, 281. Kirkland, Jno. H, IV, 118. Kirkland, S. S., I, 295, 340; IV, 553. Kirkland, W. W., I, xi, 582, 592, 596; II, 131, 144, 378, 381, 385; III, 29, 241, 246; IV, 45, 47, 228, 230, 535, 562. Kirkland's Brigade, I, 593, 743; II, 10, 45, 379, 382, 385, 440, 443, 445, 802, 803; III, 26, 30, 78, 92, 199, 242, 681, 691, 698; IV, 49, 105, 270, 438, 506, 538, 547, 562; V, 221, 241, Kirkman, George, IV, 99. Kirk's Command, I, 21; III, 758. Kirksey, E. J., I, 751; IV, 137, 143, 148. Kistler, Jerry M., II, 113. Kitchin, W. H., I, 642; IV, 721. Kittrell, G. W., II, 186. Kitzmiller, Archibald, IV, 298. Kivett, Warren B., II, 166. Klutts, D., II, 63. Klutts, J. C, V, 194. Klutts, W. B., IV, 708. Klutts, Hon. T. F., V, 657. Knapp, T. Judson, I, 585. Knight, (Fireman) V, 311. Knight, Arthur B. II, 512. Knight, Chas. W., II, 507; III, 207; V, 63, 65, 69, 197. Knight, Elisha O, III, 22. Knight, E. E., 1, 735. Knight, James, I, 523. Knight, Jas. S., II, 184. Knight, Jim, I, 185. Knittle, H., IV, 708. Knott, J. D., II, 187, 205. Knott, J. H, I, 692. Knowles, D. J., Ill, 686. Knox, Ben. Allen, I, 232, 272. Knox George E., IV, 97. Knox, John G., I, 372, 375, 383; IV, 474, 721. Knox, John M., I, 585. Knoxville, III, 660; IV, 274. Koonce, H. C, III, 504. Koonce, F. D., Ill, 504. 798 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Koonce, S. E., I, 162; III, 504. Lancaster, R. B., I, 233. Koontz, J. H, II, 789, 805; IV, 539. Lancaster, Stephen, II, 747. Kornegay, Hargett, III, 20. Lander, S. L., IV, 92. Kornegay, S. H., II, 462. Landers, J. F., Ill, 224. Kornegay, W. F., I, 486. Landis, Augustus, 1, 620; V, 677. Krider, C. C, III, 141, 145. Lane, Abram J., II, 307, 371, 396. Kriminger, Wm. J., II, 539. Lane, Barney, II, 269, 284. Kurkholder, D. S., IV, 118. Lane, Benjamin D., Ill, 315. Kuykendall, E. J., I, 486. Lane, C. C, IV, 722. Kyle, Jesse K., I, 119; III, 223, 246; Lane, Daniel, I, 161, 176. IV, 721. Lane, H. B., II, 511. Kyle, W. E., I, 120, 122; III, 223, Lane, Jas., II, 539. 236; V, 210, 211. Lane, Henry E., Ill, 315. Lackey, W. F., Ill, 356. Lane, Henry W., Ill, 313. Lacy, Drury, Jr., Ill, 1; IV, 526. Lane, Jas. H., I, xi, 77, 79, 85, Lacy, W. S., Ill, 83; IV, 601, 616. 99, 111, 126, 365, 372; II, 21, 33, Ladd, Charles H, III, 318, 322; IV, 48, 56, 65, 465, 467, 474, 481, 556, 640. 561, 565, 576, 674; III, 90; IV, LaFayette Light Infantry, I, 125; 442, 465-9, 472, 473, 478; V, xii, IV, 294, 341. 94, 96, 155, 645. Laffoon,' Nathan D., IV, 702, 708. Lane, Jas. L., V, 240. Laidley, T. T. S., IV, 300. Lane, Jas. S., II, 746, 756. Lakey, Ellis, III, 587. Lane, John B„ II, 113. Lamb, G., V, 245. Lane, John R., II, 304, 422; V, 601. Lamb, G. V., II, 166, 172, 178. Lane, Jos. J., Ill, 503. Lamb, Harris, I, 176. Lane, J. Rooker, IV, 467, 472. Lamb, John C, II, 1, 5, 338; III, Lane, J. W., IV, 721. 320, 530, 552; IV, 77, 530, 538; Lane, Jesse W., II, 113. V, 11, 35, 42, 680. Lane, Oscar, IV, 472. Lamb, J. T., I, 292. Lane, Preston, I, 292. Lamb, Leary B., I, 176. Lane, Thos. B., II, 63, 466; IV, 473, Lamb, Robt. W., II, 630. 635, 636. Lamb, Wm., I, 530; II, 630, 651, Lane, William, III, 198, 203. 761; IV, 46, 49, 304, 344, 416, 419, Lane, Wm., G., II, 372, 397; IV. 700. 423, 590; V, xv, 223, 233, 236, Lane, W. K., IV, 72, 91, 93. 239, 241, 246, 337, 407, 409, 413, Lane, Wm. P., IV, 386, 393. 425, 426, 445. Lane's Brigade, I, 376, 380, 381, Lamb, Wilson G„ II, 2, 3, 10; IV, 385, 471, 543, 664; II, 40, 49, 51, 543, 345. 52, 57, 173, 174, 363, 364, 388, Lambe, Branson, III, 262. 447, 448, 476, 478, 480, 482, 545, Lambert, W. J., II, 371, 372, 396, 556, 561, 563, 566, 567, 569, 571, 397. 575, 588, 657, 659, 661, 668, 670, Lambeth, Dudley, 1,731. 693, 781; Ml, 30, 97, 249, 291, Lambeth, Joseph H, I, 726, 728. 300, 333; IV, 207, 438, 442, 565, Lancaster, A. L., IV, 38, 48, 51. 566; V, xii, xiii, 93, 111 124 Lancaster, Byrd, II, 746, 747. 138, 140, 147, 153, 158, 208, 209, Lancaster, J. M., Ill, 23. 212. General Index. 799 Lang, Robt. J., II, 462. Langdon, Richard F., I, 137, 213. Langdon, S. W., I, 734; IV, 634. Langhon, Arch, II, 118. Langley, David P., I, 401. Langley, L. D., V, 193. Langley, M. E., II, 770. Langley, M. F., II, 770. Langthorne, A. R., V, 243. Lanier, H. H., Ill, 504. Lanier, John, Ml, 504. Lanier, William B., Ml, 504. Lankford, William C, III, 83, 84. Lanman, Jos., V, 241. Lanneau, J. F., IV, 425. Lanning, Robt., II, 462. Lash, W. A., Ill, 536. Lassiter, Hardy J., II, 596, 600. Lassiter, T. L., Ill, 85. Lassiter, Z. W., Ill, 715. Latham, A. C, I, 501; IV, 341, 354. Latham, C. H., IV, 353. Latham, D. G., I, 231, 232, 271. Latham, Julian A., I, 137; IV, 722. Latham, J. G., V, 282. Latham, L. O, I, 135, 137, 146, 149, 150; V, 651. Latham, S. J., II, 507; V, 66. Latham's Battery, II, 310, 469, 545, 594; III, 374; IV, 437; V, 618. Latta, D. S., II, 64. Latta, Henry O, III, 81. Latta, J. R., Ill, 205, 217. Latta, James G., Ill, 685. Latta, Joseph W., Ill, 685. Latta's Battery, IV, 229-30. Lattimore, D., I, 734. Lattimore, Daniel, III, 138. Lattimore, T. D., II, 590. Laughinghouse, Joseph J., IV, 28, 29, 595. Laughinghouse, Samuel, IV, 28. Laughinghouse, , (27th), II, 444. Laughlin, James J., II, 496; IV, 701, 708. Laughter, Lewis, III. 668. Laurence, Alex., V, 445. Lauter, F. M., IV, 118. Laws, , V, 289. Laws, Cyrus, III, 347. Law's Brigade, IV, 441; V, 588. Lawhon, C, III, 119. Lawhon, W. H. H, III, 113; V, 593. Lawhorn, A. F., II, 496. Lawhorn, Y. J., IV, 329. Lawing, John W., Ill, 730, 733; IV, 642. Lawley, Francis O, V, 411. Lawrence, A. W., I, 48; IV, 37. Lawrence, A. W., (22d), II, 166. Lawrence, Geo., V, 412. Lawrence, H. C, IV, 708. Lawrence, J. J., Dr., V, 578. Lawrence, Jos. J., II, 746; IV, 72, 91. Lawrence, John M., II, 166, 172; IV, 41, 48, 701, 708. Lawrence, Lewis O, I, 137; III, 713. Lawrence, Lewis H., II, 538, 578. Lawrence, N. M., IV, 701, 708. Lawrence, Peter, II, 462. Lawrence, Rhet. R. L., Ill, 23. Lawson, B. F., Ill, 482. Lawson, John W., I, 651; IV, 633. Lawson, R. H., V, 243, 245. Lawson, Thomas T., I, 691, 701. Lawton's Brigade, V, 588. Laycock, J. Erwin, III, 355. Lea, J. A., IV, 702, 708. Lea, James W., I, 291. Lea, John W., I, 281, 291, 296, 651; II, 264, 265; IV, 441, 524; V, 264. Lea, Thos. L., IV, 10, 13. Leach, D. W., I, 292. Leach, Frank, I, 486. Leach, George T., Ill, 262. Leach, Jas. M., II, 144. Leach, J. P., II, 184; IV, 630. Leach, John, III, 261. Leach, R. V., IV, 643. Leach, Jno. W., II, 189, 202. Leary, James A., Ill, 714. 800 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Leatherwood, Albert N., II, 705; IV, 722. Leatherwood, W. H., Ill, 515, 525; IV, 702, 708. Leavel, George, III, 488. Leazar, A., II, 791, 806; IV, 538. Ledbetter, J. G., Ill, 482. Ledford, Hiram, IV, 119. Lee, Chas. O, I, 77, 78, 85, 99, 111, 118, 126, 365; II 310, 471, 542, 548, 653, 655; IV, 474; V, 10, 645, 646. Lee, Fitzhugh, III, 460, 553, 650. Lee, G. W. O, II, 392. Lee, H. D., I, 751; IV, 137, 174. Lee, H. S., I, 510. Lee, J. A., I, 291. Lee, J. B., Ill, 457. Lee, J. N., IV, 245. Lee, John, III, 357. Lee, Joshua, III, 263. Lee, M. C, II, 20, 22. Lee, Monroe, I, 291. Lee, Mordecai, Ml, 296. Lee, Robert, III, 667. Lee, Robert E., Ill, 381, 551, 556, 625. Lee, Stephen, I, 733, 751; IV, 137, 138, 146, 150, 151. Lee, S. S., IV, 743. Lee, T. G., I, 232, 233, 271. Lee, T. T, V, 193. Lee, W. H., I, 151, 152. Lee, W. H. F., Ill, 460, 609, 610, 642, 647, 650, 652; IV, 88, 90, 142, 144. Lee, Young J., Ill, 203. Lee's Battery, V, 184. Lee's Brigade. Ill, 564, 565. Lee's (S. D.) Corps, III, 454, 497; IV, 592, 665. Lee's Division, III, 562, 595, 609, 623, 633, 649; V, 208. Lee's Farm, I, 737. Leecraft, LaFayette, I, 525. Leetown, Va., Ill, 752. Leggett, Capt, (boatman), II, 795. Leggett, Sergt., , IV, 431. Leggett, E. A., IV, 639. Leggett, Jno. E., II, 746, 756. Leghman, Oliver J., II, 537. Lehman, F. T., II, 540. Lehman, Peyton T., II, 540. Leigh, H. G., IV, 626, 627. Leigh, John H., Ill, 3. Lineback, Peter T., II, 544. Leinster, R. O., V, 593. Leith, James J., II, 2, 3; V, 680. Lemley, Jacob, I, 563. Lemley, W. A., II, 398. Lemons, Geo., II, 461. Lennon, Lt, (51st), III, 219. Lenoir Braves, V, 42. Lenoir, Thos. I., II, 292. Lenoir, W. W., Ill, 433. Lentz, Luther, I, 292. Lentz, Robert, I, 569. Lentz, Tobias, I, 292. Leon, L., Ill, 258, 264. Leonard, J. B., IV, 389. Leonard, H. C, IV, 650. Leonard, Joseph J., Ill, 24. Leroy, C. H, V, 438. Lesesne, Charles, II, 17; IV, 473, 635. Lesesne, R. M., II, 63. Leslie, J. J., II, 64. Letz, J. O, IV, 708. Leventhorpe, Collett, I, xii, 52, 583, 586, 589; II, 581, 582; III, 321; IV, 18, 76, 182, 555, 589, 646, 651; V, 7, 83, 89, 120, 630. Levi, J. T., IV, 119. Levy's Battery, III, 735. Lewis, Alex., II, 64. Lewis, A. F., IV, 708. Lewis, A. M., I, 23, 45; V, 651. Lewis, Calvin B., Ill, 223. Lewis, D. W., Ill, 457, 464. Lewis, Exum, I, 734; II, 539, 578. Lewis, Gaston, V, 666. Lewis, George O, I, 164. Lewis, Geo. N., Ill, 84. Lewis, Henry G., II, 522; IV, 701. General Index. 801 Lewis, James, I, 711. Lindsay, J. W., Ill, 348. Lewis, Joel Battle, III, 1;' IV, 638. Lindsay, John W., (60th), III, 483. Lewis, John C, V, 601. Lindsay, R. W., IV, 13. Lewis, Kindred, I, 170. Lindsey, B. D., II, 63. Lewis, Lovett, I, 232. Lindsay, C. B., II, 507, 512; V, 64. Lewis, McCloud, IV, 298. Lindsey, E. B., I, 441; III, 541, 600, Lewis, O. M., Ill, 432; IV, 641. 643. Lewis, R. G, I, 45. Lindsey, Henry P., II, 771. Lewis, T. C, IV, 719, 721. Lindsey, J. B., II, 511. Lewis, Thos. L., V, 98. Lindsey, S. S., IV, 91. Lewis, W. Gaston, I, xii, 77, 113, Lindsey, W. D., IV, 639. 118; II, 130, 144, 315, 321, 537, Lineback, J. A., II, 398. 544; III, 1, 4, 6, 8, 274, 277, 284, Linebarger, Frederick, III, 224. 341, 426; IV, 474, 526; V, 190, Linebarger, T. J., II, 482. 649, 663. Lineberger, J. C, V, 194. Lewis, W. P., I, 537. Lineberry, R. D., IV, 346. Lewis' Brigade, I, 550; II, 535; III, Lineberry, Edwin C, IV, 387, 393. 349, 424; IV, 438, 441; V, 260. Lineberry, W. S., IV, 10, 13. Liberty Mills, II, 478, 479, 568, Liner, A. J., IV, 386, 391, 393. 569. Lingle, A. D., Ill 433. Liemer, Capt., Engineers, IV, 418. Linney, Jas. Polk, V, 290, 291, 295. Light Division, II, 471; IV, 196. Linney, R. Z., V, 295. Lightfoot, C. E., I, 295, 338, 344; Linney, W. C, V, 289, 294. II, 167; IV, 356; V, 32, 581, 583, Lippard, C. W., I, 485. 641. Lippitt, A. D., Ill, 504. Ligon, Hiram S., IV, 230. Lippitt, J. W., Ill, 219. Liles, Edward R., II, 507, 511; IV, Lippitt, T. B., Ill, 219. 650; V, 69, 650. Lipscomb, Samuel M., II, 461. Liles, Joseph E., V, 69. Litaker, Alfred, II, 114. Liles, Junius A., II, 512, 513. Litaker, James F., Ill, 427; IV, Liles, W. A., I, 731. 708. Lilian, (steamer), V, 243, 363, 364, Litchfield, George, I, 233. 369, 371, 372, 374, 375, 387, 419, Litchfield, S. J., I, 233, 272. 421, 424, 440. Litchford, James J., II, 162. Lillington, N. W., Ill, 296, 306, Little, B. F., Ill, 224, 239; V, 153. 307. Little, C. C, II, 114. Lilly, John W., Ill, 224. Little, J. C, II, 648. Lilly, Peter B., Ill, 3. Little, J. H, II, 462. Lilly, Samuel S., Ill, 225. Little, J. P., II, 579. Lilly, Thomas, II, 372, 393, 397, Little, John F., Ill, 224. 403, 419. Little, John M., II, 183. Lilly, W. H., Ill, 226; IV, 640. Little, Joshua B., II, 675. Limestone Bridge, IV, 121. "Little Litaker," I, 427. Lindsay, Andrew D., II, 461. Little, Pinkney, II, 465. Lindsay, Gavin H, IV, 723. Little, T. Y., I, 128. Lindsay, George, III, 491, 497. Little, W. C, I, 732. Lindsay, J. B., IV, 723. Little Washington, Va., I, 422. 51 802 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Liitle, William, III, 224. Long, H. C, (58th), III, 433. Little, Wm., IV, 630. Long, J. F., Ill, 261; IV, 640. Little, William Calvin, I, 727. Long, John O., II, 161. Littlejohn, J. B., V, 601. Long, Jos., V, 194. Littlejohn, J. T., IV, 6, 398, 399. Long, I. P., Ill, 516. Littlejohn, W. H., Ml, 209, 218. Long, Nicholas M., II, 597. Littlejohn's Battalion, IV, 100, 399. Long, Thomas B., Ill, 21, 23. Liverman, Jesse, V, 39. Long, W. J., II, 512. Lloyd, Whitmel P., I, 77, 113, 118; Long, Wm. S., I, 77; III, 22. IV, 653. Longstreet, James, V, 122, 123, Lloyd's Battery, V, 589. 124, 127, 138, 172, 208, 261. Lockhart, V, 382, 410. Longstreet's Corps, III, 300, 304, Lockhart, John P., I, 441, 442; II, 305, 470; IV, 161, 169, 176; V, 80, 89, 107; III, 642. 354, 467, 471. Lockhart, John S., I, 345. Lookout Mountain, III, 491. Lockhart, Jos. G., Ill, 315, 338, Lorance, H. Clay, III, 484, 497. 342; V, 179, 185, 189, 191. "Lord Clyde," steamer, I, 17, 30, Lockwood, Robt, V, 442, 445. 32. Lockwood, Thos., V, 339, 340, 401, Lord, J. C, V, 245. 402. Lord, William C, III, 410. Locust Grove, II, 120. Lossing, Benson J., Ill, 513. Loften, Lafayette, Ml, 225. "Lost Dispatch," The, V, 590, 591. Loften, S. H, II, 771. Louch, A. J., V, 245. Loftin, W. W., I, 159. Loudermilk, G. N, IV, 118. Loftis, Thomas, I, 656. Loudon Heights, IV, 502; V, 74. Logan, B. F., I, 651. Love, C, III, 356. Logan, H. G., IV, 28. Love, C. G., I, 734. Logan, John E., Ill, 399; IV, 634. Love, C. S., IV, 40. Logan, John F., IV, 146. Love, James R., Ill, 730, 739, 741, Logan, R. F., Ill, 203. 753, 757, 760; IV, 119, 128. Logan's Corps, III, 195. Love, John C, III, 730, 733; IV, Loinback, B. F., V, 194. 642. Lomax's Brigade, III, 578. Love, John S., Ill, 660; IV, 708. London, A. T., IV, 5, 14, 591, 594. Love, Matthew Hale, II, 292; III, London, Henry A., II, 536; IV, 730, 732, 760. 458, 519; V, xii. Love, R. G. A., I, 751; III, 515, London, W. L., I, 736; II, 528; III, 525; IV, 137, 138, 151. 46; IV, 513, 516, 517. Love, Rufus, II, 539. Long, A. B., IV, 153, 163. Love, Thaddeus D., II, 269, 271, Long, Baxter, IV, 185. 279, 280, 288, 290. Long, B. F., IV, 605. Love, Thomas, III, 750. Long, Edward, II, 747. Love, Wm. B., Ill, 730. Long, Frederick, II, 474. Love, William, IV, 636. Long, G. W., I, 291. Lovell, E. F., II, 475, 482, 483; V, Long, Hamilton C, I, 234, 270; V, 154. 664. Lovell, H. P., IV, 701, 708. Long, H. O, (18th), II, 64. Lovett, K., II, 64. General Index. 803 Lovins, William H, II, 166. Lovit, Wm., II, 462. Lovejoy, C. C, III, 85, 458; IV, 339. Lovejoy, Geo. S., V, 11. Lovejoy, I, 126. Lovejoy's School, V, 644. Lowber, H, III, 500. Lowder, George, I, 665. Lowdermilk, Reuben, III, 223. Lowdermilk, Z. H, IV, 722. Lowe, J. A., II, 350, 358, 372, 397. Lowe, J. T., II, 465. Lowe, Milton A., II, 465, 548. Lowe, Samuel D., II, 465, 468, 482; IV, 473. Lowe, T. C, II, 465. Lowe, Thos. L., II, 465, 466, 468; IV, 473; V, 11. Lowery, Atlas Dargan, I, 729. Lowery, S. J., I, 537. Lowman, Wm., II, 190. Lowrance, H. C, I, 120. Lowrance, John A., Ill, 318. Lowrance, Lansing, V, 292. Lowrance, W. B., Ill, 80. Lowrance, Wm. M., II, 582. Lowrance, Wm. L. J., II, 566, 567, 581, 692; IV, 180; V, 139, 144, 146, 156. Lowrance's Brigade, II, 364. Lowrie, J. B., I, 585; V, 664. Lowrie, P. J., I, 583, 585. Lowrie, R. B., I, 585. Lowry, D., II, 743. Lowry, James M., II, 485, 493. Loy, J. N, V, 193. Loyall, B. P., V, 298, 333. Lucas, G. F., IV, 28." Lucas, H. C, I, 583. Lucas, J. F., I, 233. Lucas, Wilson H., II, 538, 539. Luce, W. H., IV, 693. Luck, Jno., V, 319. Luckey, F. N, II, 301, 466; IV, 473, 579, 635, 636. Luckey, Wm. A., II, 89. Ludwig, H. T. J., IV, 485, 489. Luke, G. Gratiott. Ill, 313, 318. 320, 326, 336, 355, 358, 362, 394, 398; V, 189. Luke, J. M. C., II, 2; V, 35, 42. Lumberton Guards, I, 124; III, 19. Lunsford, R. D., Ml, 161, 202. Luria, A. M., II, 187, 205, 216; V, 640. Lusk, V. S., Ml, 674, 675; IV, 271, 275, 278, 285, 702, 708. Lusk's Company, IV, 272. Luther, S. P., Ill, 475. Luther, W. N, III, 660. Lutterloh, Jarvis B., I, 120; III, 315, 323; IV, 347. Lutterloh, T. S., II, 80. Lyell, J. J., V, 438. Lyerly, John L., I, 234. Lyerly, Joseph, I, 574. Lyman, Theo., II, 780. Lynch, A. K., I, 772; III, 317. Lynch, Dick, I, 730. Lynch, J. C, III, 685. Lynch, L. M., Ill, 317. Lynch, W. F., IV, 404; V, 298, 303, 313. Lynchburg, I, 324; III, 13, 277, 748; II, 122, 531. Lyon, H. P., I, 554. Lyon, C. F., I, 137. Lyon, E. E., II, 184; III, 22. Lyon, E. H., II, 183, 135. Lyon, Harrison P., II, 538, 578. Lyon, James, IV, 526. Lyon, John B., Ill, 314. Lyon, Robert, I, 202; IV, 722. Lytle, George W., Ill, 128, 138, 152. Lytle, Thomas Y., I, 734. Lytton, E., IV, 708. Mable, John, III, 319. Mabry, Baker W., Ill, 22. Mabry, James, I, 553. Mabry, Leon S., Ill, 81. MacKoy, IV, 641. Mackinaw, V, 242, 245. 804 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Mackinnon, Luther, IV, 613. Mallett, Richardson, I, 77, 118, 129; Macon, Henry A., Ill, 2, 3; V, 180, III, 65, 71. 194. Mallett's Battalion, IV, 301, 325, Macon, H. I., I, 136; IV, 630, 631. 383. Macon, Jesse A., Ill, 3. Mallory, S. R., V, 309. Macon, Joseph, IV, 708. Malloy, Charles, II, 16. Macon Mounted Guards, II, 771, Malloy, J. D., Ill, 209, 211, 219; 774. IV, 722. MacRae, Duncan K., I, 281, 663, Malloy, Thos. P., I, 384. 695; V, 460, 461, 649. Malone, John, IV, 354. MacRae, James C, (Cameron F.), Malvern Hill, I, 139, 182, 219, 369, I, 734; IV, 607. 420, 431, 538, 619, 661, 694; II, MacRae, James C, I, 117, 118, 27, 212, 295, 331, 472, 498, 548, 128; IV, 379; V, 271, 281, 282. 560, 584, 596, 599, 655, 799; III, MacRae, Walter G., IV, 719, 721. 4, 40, 66, 127, 163, 164, 609; IV, MacRae, Wm., I, xii, 547, 627, 733, 158, 255, 501, 570; V, 668. 734, 743; II, 379, 385, 411, 436, Manassas, I, 298, 341, 571; II, 30, 441, 443; III, 21, 26, 29, 31, 95, 69, 130, 193, 473, 551, 584, 600, 247; IV, 442, 504, 506, 563, 568; 655; III, 674; IV, 149, 161, 226, V, 209, 210, 211, 594, 597. 235; V, 29, 664. MacRae's Battalion, IV, 354, 379. Manassas, Second Battle, I, 370, MacRae's Brigade, I, 598; III, 97, 623, 758; II, 153, 683; IV, 235, 98, 247, 249, 250, 252; IV, 184, 237, 551; V, 71, 82, 627. 438, 442, 565; V, xiii. Mangum, A. W., IV, 606, 745; V, Maddry, Charles, I, 175. 626. Madison, C. H, II, 478. Mangum, Jos., V, 193. Maflitt, Eugene, V, 379. Mangum, Willie P., Jr., I, 345, 349; Maflitt, John N, I, xiv; IV, 344, V, 31. 404; V, 311, 364, 376, 385, 395, Mangum, W. P.. Hon., IV, 687. 399, 410, 419, 421, 423, 424. Manly, Basil C, I, 551, 552, 556; Magness, D. B., II, 676; IV, 701, IV, 352, 356; V, 651. 709. Manly, Langdon Cheves, II, 507. Magness, Jud, III, 152. Manly, Matt, I, 159, 160; IV, 702, Magruder, Jno. B., I, 86, 94, 655. 709; V, 640. Mahone's Brigade, IV, 441. Manly's Battery, IV, 437, 442; V, Mahone, William, IV, 564. 589. Maiden, I. P., I, 233. Mann, D. L., Ill, 482. Major, C. A., IV, 709. Mann, J., II, 791, 807. Mall, T. P., IV, 709. Mann, James E., Ill, 405. Mallett, C. P., IV, 722. Mann, S. D., II, 790, 806. Mallett, Edward, III, 504, 505; IV, Manney, Jas. L., I, 492, 495, 496, 483, 498; V, 11. 501, 511, 512, 522, 525, 526. Mlallett, E. J., V, 651. Manning, John, (15th), I, 734, 736. Mallett, John W., I, 118; IV, 379, Manning, Jno., (61st), Ml, 504. 381. Manning, Jno. A., IV, 12, 13, 29. Mallett, Peter, I, 178, 227, 493, 516; Manning, J. T., I, 292. IV, 50, 407; V, 677. Manning, Thos. C, V, 649. General Index. 805 Manning, Van H., IV, 501, 502, Martin, C. J., IV, 708. 503. Martin, E. A., IV, 72, 91, 339. Manning's Brigade, III, 166. Martin, Eugene S., IV, 5, 304, 591; Mansfield, J. B., II, 351, 374. V, 396. Manson, John C, I, 501, 515, 525. Martin, Green, I 148. Manson, Otis F., I, 51; IV, 624, Martin, J. T., IV, 701, 709. 629. Martin, James G., I, xi, 4, 8, 12, Manstook, G. W., Ill, 482. 21, 28, 35, 42, 48, 129; II, 3, 4, 5, Manton, Herbert, V, 300. 6, 8, 775, 776, 798; III, 85, 132, Margaret & Jessie, V, 410, 440, 289, 290, 319, 334, 685, 756, 760; 442, 443, 445. IV, 77, 265, 266, 372, 442, 527, Marlboro Guards, II, 425. 531, 536, 555, 756; V, 5, 6, 14. Marler, J. B., Ill, 433. Martin, John K., II, 166, 172. Marler, M. S., I, 120. Martin-Kirkland Brigade, IV, 436, Marley, John R., II, 374. 527. Marloe, W. A., IV, 701, 709. Martin, S., II, 166. Markham, A. D., IV, 13. Martin, Shadrach, II, 166. Marks, Mack, I, 556. Martin, Wm., IV, 298. Marrow, George, III, 482. Martin, W. A., II, 475. Marrow, J. L., I, 485. Martin, Wm. F., I, 495, 523; II, Marsh, A. T., Ill, 264. 1, 83; IV, 77, 366, 527, 538, 556; Marsh, Edward S., I, 230, 233, 270. V, 35, 41, 46, 49, 51, 301, 649. Marsh, George W., Ill, 503. Martin, W. J., I, 583, 587, 592, 593, Marsh, James A., Ill, 65, 81. 600; II, 394, 466; IV, 562. Marsh, R. H., II, 306, 396; IV, 611. Martin, W. K., IV, 29. Marsh, W. T., I, 231, 246, 247, 267, Martin, Wm. P., II, 304, 323, 329, 270. 397, 418. Marshall, Capt., (vessel), V, 409, Martin, W. T., Ill, 678. 410. Martin, Capt., (17th), V, 680. Marshall, James C, II, 182. Martin's Brigade, II, 601, 796, 797, Marshall, Jas. H., Ill, 710. 798; III, 173, 226, 357; IV, 270. Marshall, J. J., II, 540, 579. Martin's (E. A.) Company, IV, 93. Marshall, James K., I, 110, 118, Martinsburg, II, 32; IV, 229, 568. 225, 519, 590; II, 365, 399; III, Marye's Heights, I, 740; III, 411; 104, 228, 230, 237; IV, 225, 345, IV, 504, 571. 556; V, 10, 101, 108, 111, 131, Maryland Campaign, I, 623. 139, 144, 156. Mason, G., IV, 38. Marshall, M. M., IV, 472, 606. Mason, J. M., V, 454. Marshall, P., V, 194. Mason, Littleberry W., IV, 403. Marshall's Battery, V, 184. Mason, Thos. W., IV, 569, 577. Marshburn, J. H., I, 233. Mason, Wm., V, 351. Marsteller, Charles, I, 136. Mason, Wm. D. A., II, 225. Marston, W. V., I, 606; IV, 633. Masonboro Sound, IV, 221, 244. Martin, Capt, (vessel), V, 410. Massenburg, A. O, I, 734, 735. Martin, A. H., Ill, 267, 283; IV, Massey, Jacob, IV, 619. 555, 556. Massey, J. S., Ill, 357. Martin, B. Y. IV, 701, 709. Massey, Wm. H., II, 540. 806 North Carolina Troops, 1865-65. Mast, D. P., I, 441, 485, 782. Mayo, N. L., IV, 473. Mast, W. P., Ill, 433. Mayo, Reuben E., Ill, 23; IV, 700, Masten, J., IV, 650, 654. 709. Masten, W. L., IV, 242. Mayo, (pilot), V, 38, 311. Matheson, A. H, IV, 396. Mays, Moses T., IV, 91. Mathis, Elkanah, V, 603. Mays, M., I, 556. Mathis, Wm. A., Ill, 503. McAden, J. H., IV, 554, 633, 644. Matthews, J., Ill, 356. McAfee, Lee M., Ill, 125, 127, 136, Matthews, Jno. E., II, 304, 307, 138, 142, 146, 153, 157, 353, 372, 397. 575; V, 650. Matthews, M., IV, 391. McAlister, Adjutant, IV, 108. Matthews, Marcelius S., Ill, 500. McAllister, Alex. O, I, 60; II, 165, Matthews, W. G., I, 125. 166; III, 65, 78, 81; V, 651, 665. Matthews, William M., Ill, 261; McAllister, James H., Ill, 515. IV, 700, 709. McAllister, David S., V, 644. Mathewson, W. F., II, 679, 690. McAllister, H. O, I, 407. Mathias, T. L., I, 486. McArthur, J. A., I, 119; III, 210, Maultsby, Samuel W. Ill, 211, 219. 211, 220. Maumee, V, 242. McArthur, Jno. S., II, 746, 747. Mauney, W. A., II, 465. McAuley, Jas. R., I, 361, 369, 378, Maury, Dabney H., II, 492. 385. Maury, W. L., V, 298. McAuley, J. T., IV, 13. Maxwell, David G., II, 598, 605, McAuley, Robt. G., I, 378. 613,628; IV, 405. McAuley, Wm., II, 166. Maxwell, R. H., I, 485. McBee, Ganium C, III, 730. May, David, III, 356. McBrayer, E. W., I, 734. May, Edward, I, 232. McBrayer, Reuben, IV, 594. May, H. M., V, 67. McBrayer, W. A., Ill, 482. May, Jno. W., Ill, 36, 39. McBride, W. A., II, 461. May, Luther C, III, 730, 740. McBryde, Malcolm H, II, 746, 765. May, L. M., Ill, 733. McBryde, W. H, III, 347; V, 240. May, Robert, I, 569, 572. McCain, Geo. C, III, 225, 237, 239. May, Thomas L., II, 538. McCall, John C, Ml, 225. May, Turner, III, 710. McCalla, R. C, IV, 119. May, William, IV, 38. McCallum, A. S., I, 732. Mayer, B. R., IV, 131. McCallum, J. B., Ill, 219, 211. Mayer, W. H., V, 245. McCanless, James O, I, 274. Mayfleld, Benjamin, IV, 117, 128, McCarrick, Jas. W., V, 299, 300, 643. 303, 307, 312. Mayfleld, J. W., I, 652. McCarrick, Patrick, V, 304. Mayhew, Thomas W., II, 537, 539, McCaulay, J. T., IV, 13. 561, 578; IV, 474; V, 12. McCauley, C. M. T.,' IV, 330, 334. Maynardsville, IV, 274. McCauley, G. W., II, 483. Mayo, Cyrus J., V, 18. McCauley, S. S., IV, 330. Mayo, J. M„ II, 642; III, 456, 462, McCenney, J. W., I,' 292. 467; IV, 700, 709. McClammy, C. W, 'll, 769, 770; V, Mayo, M. L., II, 466; IV, 636. 651. General Index. 807 McCleese, Nelson, IV, 261, 263; V, McDonald, H. A., I, 121; IV, 701, 88. 709. McClennahan, John B., Ill, 529, McDonald, James R., I, 118; III, 554. 206, 210, 212, 219; IV, 721. McClure, W. H., IV, 245. McDonald, Jno. F., II, 540, 578. McClure, J. J., Ill, 515. McDonald, M. R., Ill, 224; IV, 702, McCoin, N. L., IV, 329. 709. McCollum, A. B., IV, 40, 52. McDonald, Wm., II, 544. McCombs, James P., I, 583; IV, McDonald, Wm. J., V, 669. 633. M,cDonald, Worth, III, 606. McConnell, J. M., Ill, 731, 743. McDougal, (McCormick) Jas. L., McCorkle, James G., I, 121, 584. II, 651. McCorkle, James M., Ill, 225, 229. McDougal, Geo. C, 400 — 404, 442, McCorkle, L. M., IV, 129, 400. 444, 446, 449. McCorkle, Richard, III, 225. McDougald, Daniel, I, 735. McCorkle, Wm., II, 789; IV, 638. McDougald, Alex. B., Ill, 315. McCormick, George, IV, 389. McDowell, B. G., Ill, 515, 517, 519, McCormick, Jas. L., II, 651; IV, 524,663,666,667,756. 305, 306; V, 240. "McDowell Boys," II, 162. McCotter, R. D., Ill, 81. McDowell, James C. S., I, 78, 118, McCoy, A., IV, 131. 309; III, 267, 269, 409; V, 11. McCoy, James, III, 714. McDowell, John A., I, 135, 138, McCoy, Josiah K., I, 656. 146, 149. McCoy, Robt, II, 789; IV, 751. McDowell, Jno. L., II, 581. McCreery, W. W., II, 352, 358, 374, McDowell, Joseph A., I, 13; III, 399; IV, 556; V, 131. 473, 475, 499. McCullough's Rangers, V, 65. "McDowell Rifles," II, 162. McCurdy, Isaac S., I, 378. McDowell, W. E., Ill, 675, 677. McDade, John H, I, 121, 585. McDowell, W. W., I, 78, 90, 118, McDade, W. H., I, 128. 156, 170, 173, 551; V, xii, 677. McDaniel, A. P., Ill, 261. McDowell's Farm, I, 436; II, 103; McDaniel, E. F., IV, 40. Ill, 621. McDaniel, Jno., V, 194. McEachern, Hector, III, 211, 219. McDaniel, (McDonald), M. R., IV, McEachern, Robt, I, 119; III, 212, 709. 219. McDaniel, Randall, IV, 107. McElroy, John S.. I, 751, 753, 755, McDaniel, W. C, I, 118; III, 267; 763; II, 168, 680; IV, 137, 151, IV, 701, 709. 156, 170, 173, 551; V, xii, 677. McDiarmid, J., V, 243. McElroy, J. W., IV, 651; V, 7. McDiarmid, Whitfield S., II, 679; McEntire, Tom., IV, 218. IV, 613. McEvoy, Jas., II, 747. McDonald, Alexander, IV, 296. McFadyen, A., IV, 700, 709. McDonald, Charles, II, 112. McFadyen, A. C, IV, 40. McDonald, Daniel M., I, 121; III, McGee, Henry, I, 345. 314; IV, 700, 709; V, 669. McGee, James, III, 205; IV, 640. McDonald, E. A., II, 184, 205. McGee, Joseph B., II, 581. McDonald, G. W., II, 63. McGee, N. S., IV, 100. 808 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. McGee, Thaddeus, I, 51. McKee, B. H., Ill, 380. McGehee, Charles A., Ill, 263; IV, McKee, Bedford, III, 392. 700. McKee, David, III, 352. McGehee, Ed. P., IV, 117. McKee, James, (7th), I, 120. McGehee, Henry, I, 653. McKee, James, (56th), III, 361. McGehee, W. J., IV, 118. McKellar, Jno., I, 119; III, 530, 613. McGhee, J. C, III, 434. McKethan, A. A., Ill, 205, 218. McGill, John W, II, 41, 63, 572; McKethan, E. T., Ill, 220. IV, 473. McKethan, Hector, I, 78, 91, 118, McGilvary, J. H, II, 372, 397. 127; III, 205—214, 220; IV, 483, McGilvery, (brig), V, 299. 493, 497; V, 162, 197, 198. McGinniss, J. J., I, 734. McKethan, Jas. K., V, 194. McGowan's Brigade, V, 93, 96, 208, McKenzie, Donald, IV, 271. 211. McKenzie, Kenneth, IV, 107. McGregor, John W., I, 724, 729, McKenzie, M. S., I, 232. 731. McKenzie, William, III, 205. McGregor's Battery, I, 431, 460, McKimmon, Charlie, I, 559. 468; Ml, 573, 610, 612, 629, 649, McKimmon, James, I, 551, 560. 653. McKinne, David E., IV, 25, 28. McGuy, John, IV, 72. McKinney, A. A., IV, 180, 701, 709. McHomey, Benjamin, III, 714. McKinney, H. R., II, 454; III, 78, Mcllhenny, John C, I, 581. 80, 122. Mclnnis, Malcom, IV, 296. McKinney, Robt. M., I, 295, 733. Mclntire, J. Y., IV, 153, 179, 180, 737, 739; V, 10, 645, 646. 701, 709. McKinney, W. H., Ill, 263. Mclntire, R. M., IV, 701, 709. McKinnon, Jno. M„ II, 747. Mclntire, T. T., II, 114. McKinnon, Luther, II, 630, 646; Mclntire, T. H. W., I, 136. IV, 613; V, 233. Mclntyre, Andrew J., II, 541. McKnight, George, IV, 695. Mlclntyre, D. M., II, 676, 679, 681, McKorkle, R. B., V, 194. 682, 686, 689, 690, 693. McKoy, Allmand A., IV, 108, 650. Mclntyre, R. M., Ill, 457. McKoy, A. L., Ill, 485, 486; IV, 641. Mclntyre, W. T., II, 539, 577, 578. McKoy, Henry J., II, 541, 579. Mcintosh, Arch A., II, 496. McKoy, M. G., II, 64. Mcintosh, D. W., II, 497. McKoy, Thomas Hall, IV, 472. Mcintosh, Frank, IV, 722. McLamb, Minson, III, 82. Mclver, A. A., II, 272. McLarty, J. M., I, 734. Mclver, Jas. D., II, 304, 372, 397, McLauchlin, Ed., (McLacklan)^ I, 418. 171 Mclver, (75th), IV, 88, 370, 437. McLauchlin, N. A., IV, 346. McJones, Alexander, II, 747. McLauchlin, Jno. C, II, 304, 330, McKamy, Jas. A., Ill, 754; IV, 117, 337, 338, 353, 372, 393, 397, 403, 118, 121, 122, 128. 418. McKay, A. L., (McKoy), III, 485, McLaughlin, M. McR., II, 676, 678, 486. 679, 685, 689. McKay, J. A., I, 123. McLaurin, D. M., II, 20. McKay, John A. D., II, 508, 511. McLaurin, Jas. T., II, 48. General Index. 809 McLaurin, W. H., II, 19, 63; IV, McNair, Malcolm, II, 746. 473. McNair's Brigade, IV, 438. McLaurin, Wm. T., II, 54, 63. McNate, Jno., II, 540, 579. McLaw's Division, III, 197, 559. McNeal, A., II, 64. IV, 101, 447, 570; V, 71, 72, 80, McNeal, James M., II, 771. 128, 588. McNeal, W. M., II, 771. McLean, James R., IV, 101, 103. McNeely, C. K., IV, 700, 709. McLean, Jesse R., IV, 382. McNeely, F. Y., I, 231, 267. McLean, John P., I, 120; III, 203. McNeely, John F., Ill, 317, 399. McLean, J. D., IV, 346, 349, 352. McNeely, J. J., Ill, 357. McLean, J. L., IV, 474. McNeely, Wm. G., Ill, 405, 427. McLean, J. T., I, 735. McNeely, Wm. Richard, I, 232, McLean, Nathaniel A., IV, 107, 263, 269. 108. McNeely, Adjutant, IV, 131. McLean, W. D., IV, 636. McNeil, Henry J., II, 496. McLean, Wm. S., II, 304, 305, 306, McNeil, Kenneth M., I, 735. 308, 395, 396. McNeill, Duncan, II, 17; IV, 473. McLellan, C. C, IV, 40. McNeill, H, III, 347. McLellan, D. G., Ill, 220. McNeill, James D., Ill, 655. McLenahan, Jno. B., (McClena- McNeill, James H., I, 439, 443, 472, han), III, 554. Ill, 529, 541, 563, 620, 639, 640, McLendon, J. J., I, 731. 642, 654; V, 10, 533, 650, 671, 674. McLeod, L. H., II, 497. McNeill, James M., Ill, 551; V, McLeod, M., II, 358, 372, 397; IV, 671. 722. McNeill, John N, III, 82. McLeod, M. D. L., I, 439, 475, 485, McNeill. Malcolm D., IV, 355, 358. 782. McNeill, N. A., Ill, 82. McLester, J. D., IV, 702, 709. McNeill, N. McK., Ill, 65, 82. McLoud, A. S., (Cloud), IV, 184. McNeill, N. T., Ill, 323. McManus, E. H., II, 396, 397. McNeill, T. A., IV, 303. McMasters, Lewis F., II, 166. McNider, W. H., I, 136. McMillan, Alex., IV, 379. McNutt, Adjutant, IV, 245. McMillan, Andrew N, II, 303, 306, McPhail, John A., Ill, 81. 323, 396, 397. McPhail, W. H., II, 690. McMillan, Daniel L., Ill, 23. McPheeters, A. M., I, 64. McMillan, D. T., II, 496. McPherson, J. A., I, 345, 354. McMillan, J. C, II, 462, 495, 599. McPherson's Woods, II, 349. McMillan, J. J., I, 136; IV, 722. McQueen, Donald, IV, 40. McMillan. Peter, V, 282. McRae, Alexander, IV, 303, 306, McMillan, W. D., Ill, 214. 313. McMullen, L. W., V, 282. McRae, Duncan A., II, 465; IV, McMurray, Christopher C, IV, 297. 473. McNair, Archibald J., II, 747. McRae, Cameron F., I, 734; IV, McNair, Duncan, I, 189, 213, 226. 607. McNair, E., II, 713, 714, 716, 717, McRae, D. G., II, 675, 678, 690. 739. McRae, Duncan K„ II, 192, 198, McNair, Evander, II, 271; IV, 610. 220; IV, 521, 703. 810 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. McRae, Henry, I, 387, 511; V, 11. Mebane, W. N., I, 689; IV, 508. McRae, James A., I, 281, 282; IV, Mechanicsville, I, 138, 181, 242, 632. 613, 658, 755; II, 39, 168, 209, 498, McRae, John, IV, 348. 547, 655; III, 39, 76; IV, 355; V, McRae, John B„ IV, 107, 607. 197. McRae, Montford S., II, 371, 372, Medearis, John E., Ill, 432. 396. Medical Corps, IV, 623. McRae, R. B., I, 361, 369, 371, 372;Meekins, John W., Ill, 723. IV, 472. Meinung, A., II, 398. McRae, Walter G., I, 383. Melbourne, Australia, V, 347. McRae, William, (78th Regt), IV, Melvin, Jno. T., II, 630, 634; V, 107. 239. McRae's Brigade, I, 385, 471; II, Melvin, W., II, 64. 57, 174, 220, 223, 387, 390, 411, "Men of Yadkin," II, 675. 447, 455, 480, 588, 695, 781. Merrick, James, IV, 298. McRee, James F., I, 213; IV, 629, Merrimon, A. S., I, 37. 632. Merrimon, J. H., Ill, 683. McRee, Robt. C, I, 203, 213. Merritt, E. J., I, 736. McRorie, William F., I, 231, 257, Merry, J. F., V, 245. 269. Merton, Stephen H., II, 770. McWatson, Malcolm, III, 203. Messer, Whitley, I, 291. Meade, Everard B., IV, 472. Metts, James I., I, 177, 214; IV, Meade, R. K., IV, 419, 422. 701, 708. "Meadow Bridge," II, 471; Ml, 602. Michael, John, III, 114, 115. Meadows, E. H., II, 511, 518, 519; Michael, J. M., Ill, 357. V, 167. Mickey's (Sam'l T.) Band, II, 336, Meadows, James, III, 81. 362, 381, 398. Means, Paul B., Ill, 548, 606, 643, Mickle, Wm., II, 66 1, 674. 647, 653; V, 671. Micks, T. R., IV, 625, 627, 629. Means, T. H, (15th Regt). I, 734. Middleburg, I, 424; II, 96; III, 461, Means, T. H., (63d), IV, 641. 472, 532, 559. Means, W. N. S., I, 584; V, 664. Middleton, Hugh, III, 81. Meares, Calvin, II, 114. Middletown, I, 421; II, 533. Meares, E. G., I, 213. Midyett, Jno. S., II, 537, 578. Meares, Gaston, I, 140, 178, 180, Midyett's Hammocks, II, 508; V, 190, 212, 215, 217, 219; IV, 649; 58. V, 9. Miles, J., Ill, 348. Meares, J. A., Ill, 214, 219. Military Conscription, IV, 2, 407. Meares, John, II, 63. Military Equipment, I, 34; III, 542; Meares, Oliver P., II, 16, 17, 19; V, 471. Ill, 503, 508; IV, 473; V, 27, 650. Militia, The, IV, 644. Meares, Wm. B., II, 112; IV, 572, Mill Creek, III, 759. 578, 635- Millard, D. T., Ill, 496; IV, 3, 386, Mears, Wm. J. L., I, 176. 587. Mebane, B. Y., II, 140. Millard's Battalion, IV, 4, 18, 29, Mebane, John T., Ill, 714. 53, 358, 385, 439, 588. Mebane, W. A., IV, 702, 709. Miller, Alfred, III, 405. General Index. 811 Miller, Alexander, (2d Regt), I, 164; IV, 700, 709. Miller, Alexander, (21st Regt.) II, 138, 144; V, 12. Miller, A. H, IV, 700, 709. Miller, B. F., I, 501, 515, 525, 526. Miller, C. A., II, 791. Miller, D., Ill, 348. Miller, D. M., I, 621. Miller, DeWitt O, III, 715. Miller, Eli H, II, 581, 585; IV, 159, 164; V, 12. Miller, Frank M., Ill, 484, 492, 493. Miller, Gibson L., II, 538. Miller, H. C, I, 232. Miller, H. M., I, 540; IV, 462, 463. Miller, H. W., II, 791. Miller, Henry, (10th), I, 574. Miller, Henry, (63d), III, 587. Miller, Jacob H., II, 185. Miller, James A., Surgeon, II, 17, 20; IV, 472, 473, 635, 644. Miller, James A., (50th), III, 203. Miller, James R., Ill, 347, 370. Miller, Jesse, II, 507. Miller, Jesse W., Ill, 409. Miller, John, I, 532, 535. Miller, Jno. A., Ill, 433, 447. Miller, John E., Ill, 263. Miller, John F., II, 582; IV, 637. Miller, John M., IV, 91. Miller, Joseph C, I, 369. Miller, J. H., II, 145. Miller, J. M., I, 418, 483, 485. Miller, J. O., I, 581. Miller, J. R., II, 462. Miller, J. S. R., I, 136, 137, 148. Miller, Nelson A., IV, 373, 375. Miller, P. J., V, 194. Miller, T. C, I, 136; III, 264; IV, 700, 709. Miller, Virgil P., II, 538. Miller, William J., Ill, 264. Miller, W. L., I, 124. Miller, Willis L., Ill, 594. Miller's Battery, III, 337; IV, 442. Millican, L. S., 233. Milligan, Capt., II, 776. Mills, Columbus, I, 751; IV, 138, 634. Mills, George H., IV, 137, 201. Mills, H. A., V, 195. Mills, Jos. O, (16th), IV, 170. Mills, Jos. C, (33d), II, 540, 573, 578. Mills, Julius, II, 462. Mills, Otis P., Ill, 315; V, 191. Mills, Rufus, I, 232. Millstead, Wm. H., I, 378. Mine Run, I, 171, 198, 288, 320, 428, 594; II, 120, 479, 569, 587, 664; III, 7, 243; IV, 186. Minnesota, (flagship), V, 45, 52. Minor, Henry, III, 587. Minor, R. V., II, 185. Minquas, (steamer), V, 18. Minter, B. W., Ill, 262; IV, 702. Minton, A., II, 64. Minton, Thos., II, 389. Misenheimer, Daniel, I, 574. Misenheimer, George A., Ill, 223. Misenheimer, James, I, 401. Misenheimer, Jos. F., II, 539, 578. Missionary Ridge, III, 491, 500; V, 173. Mitchell, A. A., I, 296; IV, 100. Mitchell, B. S., II, 166. Mitchell, Chas. A., II, 745; IV, 638. Mitchell, Henry, III, 715. Mitchell, James T., (private), I, 176. Mitchell, James T., (Capt.), I, 653; III, 457. Mitchell, J. H, II, 185. Mitchell, Lueco, I, 577. Mitchell, Mason T., II, 172. Mitchell, Perry, III, 715. Mitchell, R. J., Ill, 64, 65, 81. Mitchell, Robt. L., II, 172. Mitchell, Rush J., II, 496. Mitchell, Sydney W., Ill, 85. Mitchell, T. J., Ill, 432; IV, 641. Mitchell, W. L., II, 166, 171, 178. Mitchell, W. S., Ill, 686. 812 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Mitchell's Ford, I, 149. Mitchie, James, III, 457; IV, 641. Mizel, Alfred, 1, 137. Mizel, J. R., I, 137, 150. Mobley, John C, IV, 341, 644. Modern Greece, (ship), V, 351, 352. Moffat, Maj., Quartermaster, IV, 758, 759. Moffitt, A. A., IV, 702, 708. Moffltt, E. A., Ill, 23. Moffitt, G. B., IV, 474. Moffltt, William D., Ill, 23. Moir, R. L., I, 698. Monie, J. M., V, 593. Monitor, I, 608. Monk, C. B., IV, 420. Monk's Neck Bridge, III, 30. Monocacy, I, 259, 324, 645; II, 32, 122, 141, 245, 601; III, 13, 55, 278, 419. Monroe, C. S., Ill, 475. Monroe, D. A., I, 119; II, 678. Monroe, Malcolm N, IV, 296. Monroe, Neill J., I, 390. Monroe, Neill L„ IV, 296. Monroe, Thomas J., Ill, 224. Montague, P. H., IV, 132. Montague, T. J., Ill, 356. Montgomery, (ship), V, 243, 245, 246, 440. Montgomery, A. D., IV, 553. Montgomery, D. A., IV, 633. Montgomery, G. W., Ill, 23, 347. Montgomery, J., Ill, 264. Montgomery, John O, III, 23. Montgomery, Robt. C, V, 265. Montgomery Volunteers, II, 183. Montgomery, W., II, 184. Montgomery, Walter A., I, 651; V, 265, 268. Montgomery, Wm. J., II, 465, 466, 467; IV, 473; V, 651. Montgomery, Wm. T., IV, 639. Monticello, (steamer), V, 37, 38, 243, 246, 301, 374. Moody, John A., II, 466. Moody, J. H, III, 730. Moody, John M., IV, 10. Moody, Thomas W., IV, 355. Moody, Wm. S., Ill, 315; IV, 630. Mooneyham, Gaston H., Ill, 111. Moore, A. D., I, 581; III, 685, 686, 688; IV, 270, 302, 527, 530, 532, 538; V, 10. Moore, Alex. D., (49th), III, 152. Moore, Andrew J., Ill, 504. Moore, Augustus M., IV, 261. Moore, Hon. B. F., I, 17, 20, 45. Moore, B. F., I, 753. Moore, Benjamin, III, 515. Moore, Benjamin F., Ill, 3. Moore, B. R., V, 650. Moore, D., V, 193. Moore, D. A., II, 676. Moore, Daniel M., II, 539. Moore, Daniel W., II, 537. Moore, Edw., II, 465. Moore, E. H., IV, 40. Moore, Ed. S., II, 112, 122, 124. Moore, F. M., II, 497. Moore, F. W., I, 137. Moore, G. B., Ill, 263. Moore, H, ll, 64. Moore, H. C, II, 693; IV, 700, 709. Moore Independents, II, 304. Moore, James, III, 588; IV, 709. Moore, James D., II, 331, 369; V, 600, 603. Moore, James, V., II, 80. Moore, John, (48th), III, 117. Moore, John, (64th), III, 660. Moore, John, (18th), IV, 701, 708. Moore, Jno. E., II, 396. Moore, John R., IV, 72, 93. Moore, John W.. IV, 261, 263, 265, 267, 721; V, 256, 651. Moore, Julian G., IV, 262, 264. Moore, Julius W., II, 771. Moore, J. E., II, 772. Moore, J. F., Ill, 504. Moore, J. M., II, 496. Moore, J. P., IV, 609. Moore, J. T., Ill, 347. Moore, Lewis H., II, 540. General Index. 813 Moore, Matthew C, II, 145. Morgan, George, V, 602. Moore, M. V., Ill, 673, 683. Morgan, John A., I, 136, 147. Moore, N. M., IV, 709. Morgan, J. B., Ill, 433. Moore, Roger, I, 442, 443; II, 769, Morgan, John H, IV, 115. 780; IV, 349. Morgan, J. L., Ill, 477, 482. Moore, Simeon, I, 175. Morgan, Nathan, I, 292. Moore, S. P., IV, 626. Morgan, Whitfield, IV, 113, 114. Moore, S. R., II, 495, 496, 503. Morgan, W. Y., II, 292. Moore, Styring S., II, 396. Morgan, Z., Ill, 357. Moore, Thomas C, I, 582; IV, 221, Moring, John H, I, 557. 222. Morrell, (engineer of "Atlanta"), Moore, Thos. J., (59th), I, 117, 118; IV, 472. Ill, 456. Morrill, W. H, M, 425, 426; IV, Moore, Thos. J., (33d), II, 539, 512. 578. Morris, B. T., Ill, 659, 660, 665, Moore, Thomas L., IV, 404. 667. Moore, Theophilus W., II, 185, 189; Morris, Calvin J., II, 769. IV, 610. Morris Guards, V, 36, 37, 40, 42, Moore, W. A., Ill, 686. 43. Moore, W. H., Ill, 730. Morris, H. R., Ill, 730. Moore, W. M. B., II. 495, 496; IV, Morris, Isaac E., II, 165, 166. 462. Morris Island, I, 392; Ml, 206, 511; Moore, W. P., (19th), II, 80. IV, 486, 713, 715, 719, 721; V, 161, Moore, W. P., (60th), III, 482. 167, 619, 620. Moore, W. P., (51st), III, 219. Morris, J. A., I, 735. Moore, W. P., (63d), III, 674, 675, Morris, James H, I, 119; III, 3, 11. 684. Morris, J. W., Ill, 660. Moore, Walter R., I, 290. Morris, Thomas, II, 119. Moore, William, IV, 198. Morris, Washington, IV, 643. Moore, William H, IV, 610. Morris, Wm. G., II, 672; IV, 474; Moore's Battalion, III, 725. V, 154. Moore's Battery, I, 4, 581; II, 3, Morris, W. G. B., Ill, 516, 660; IV, 497; IV, 437. 702, 709. Moore's Mill, II, 782. Morris, W. L., Ill, 660; IV, 700, Mooresville, V, 665. 708. Moose, W. A., I, 234. Morris Island, IV, 715; V, 621, 678. Moran, R. S., Ill, 161, 202; IV, 617. Morrisett, S. W., II, 507, 512. Morehead, James T., Ill, 36, 52, Morrisey, D. G., 11,675,678. 255, 259, 260, 264. Morrisey, S. B., Ill, 205; IV, 640. Morehead, J. Henry, I, 160, 161; Morrisitt, Willis, III, 713; IV, 640. Ill, 35, 37, 163; V, 10, 650. Morrisitt, Willis, III, 713. Morehead, Hon. J. M., I, 64. Morrison, A. S., I, 731. Morehead, Joseph M., I, 160, 161. Morrison, Daniel, V, 282. Morehead, J. Turner, III, 465, 529, Morrison, Elam, I, 230. 534, 536, 551, 575. Morrison, E. F„ I, 232. Moreno, Lt., Ill, 494. Morrison, Geo., V, 361, 363. Morgan, E. W., Ill, 730. Morrison, John A., Ill, 203. 814 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Morrison, J. D., Ill, 433, 435. Morrison, Joseph G., Ill, 427. Morrison, Washington, IV, 113. Morrison, Wm. W., I, 37. Morristown, III, 664. Morrow, J. L., I, 435, 452. Morrow, B. F., II, 496. Morrow, D. F., II, 483. Morrow, Wm. H, Ml, 703; IV, 642. Morse, C. C, V, 406, 407. Mortar Bed, III, 370. Mortar Hill, III, 690. Morton, A. B., I, 731. Morton, Chas. S., Ill, 405, 427; IV, 641. Morton, G. A., I, 731. Morton, J. J. Ill, 357. Morton, P. F., I, 732. Morton, W. A., II, 790. Morton's Ford, I, 639; II, 568. Mosby, John S., Ill, 534. Moseley, A. G, II, 675, 678. Moseley, N. S., I, 582, 630, 639, 642; IV, 722; V, 184. Moseley, Richard E., IV, 403. Moseley's Battalion of Artillery, IV, 361. Moseley's Battery, III, 337. Mosely Hall, N. O, IV, 263. Moser, Israel, IV, 100. Moses, G. C, IV, 650, 653. Moss, A. A., IV, 97. Moss, J. C, II, 729. Moss, Kit, V, 336. Moss Neck, II, 476, 477; IV, 171. Moss, Patterson, Ml, 680. Moss, P. M., I, 734. Mott, Walter B., I, 734; IV, 634. Mound Battery, V, 221, 234. Mount, S. G. R., II, 707. Mount, Samuel S. O, II, 705. Mountcastle, W. D., V, 195. Moxley, O, IV, 616. Muldoon, Arthur, V, 227. Mulford, W. H., (U. S.), V, 624. Mull, Peter M., Ill, 287, 289, 290, 293, 296, 307. Mull, Peter P., Ml, 296. Mullen, Jas. M., V, 282, 284. Mullen, Stephen O, III, 319. Mullins, Henry, I, 284. Mumford, William, I, 176. Munden, Wm. J., Ml, 713. Munday, Wm. M., II, 188, 236. Munn, Daniel, I, 528; II, 630, 635; V, 233, 239. Munroe, Donald D., I, 162. Murchison, D. R., Ill, 267. Murchison, H. O, III, 356. Murchison, Kenneth, I, 735; IV, 650. Murchison, Kenneth M., Ill, 267, 269, 271; IV, 658, 709; V, 650. Murchison, John R., I, 405; III, 212; IV, 488, 493; V, 11, 183, 197, 203. Murdaugh, W. H., V, 39, 44, 47, 302. Murdock, Alexander, I, 163. Murdock, A. G., II, 678; IV, 700, 709. Murdock, C. D., I, 232. Murdock, W. H., IV, 113, 643. Murfreesboro, Tenn., II, 488, 490, 710, 711, 731; III, 476, 501. Murphy, Charles, III, 574. Murphy, G. B., I, 735. Murphy, John, IV, 351-2. Murphy, J. S., V, 194. Murphy, Joseph W., II, 524; III, 1 ; IV, 612, 614. Murphy, Robt. J., II, 630, 634; V, 239. Murphy, R. R., IV, 218, 634. Murphy, W. F., Ill, 211, 220; IV, 721. Murphy, W. T., IV, 404. Murray, E. P. G., Ill, 516; IV, 702, 709. Murray, G. W., I, 723, 731. Murray, Hugh F., IV, 28, 594. Murray, Timothy A., II, 540, 578. Murray, William R., |||, 259, 261. Muse, J. M., Ill, 427. General Index. 815 Muse, W. T., IV, 404; V, 35, 38, 39, 50, 299, 300, 301, 303, 312. Myers, Abraham, I, 6, 23, 24, 362; IV, 760, 761. Myers, A. C, III, 224. Myers, Alex. L., II, 539. Myers, Chas. D., II, 7; IV, 473. Myers, Ezekiel, I, 580. Myers, Joseph D., Ill, 704. Myers, Wm. R., II, 581. Myers, W. W., I, 561, 652, 574. Myers, W., V, 678. Myrover, J. H., I, 120; IV, 341, 346, 348. Mystic, (steamer), V, 18. Nag's Head, V, 59. Nail, Ira, II, 387. Nance, W., II, 64. Namozine Church, 1, 479; III, 650. Nantz' Shop, I, 431. Napier, H. J., I, 732. Nash, Fred, IV, 562, 564. "Nashville," (steamer), I, 510, 511. Nashville, II, 721; III, 494. Naval Battalion, Co. F., IV, 403. Naval Detachments, Sailors and Marines, V, 240. Navy, N. C, V, 299, 679. Naylor, B. T., II, 791, 806. Neagle, John L., IV, 631. Neal, A. F., I, 671, 672. Neal, J. B., I, 485, 486. Neal, J. C, IV, 13. Neal, Jas. M., II, 163, 164, 165. Neal, Oliver S., II, 544. Neal, O. M., I, 736. Neal, Thomas B., IV, 610. Neal, W. B., IV, 709. Neal, Wm. D., II, 745. Neathery, J. B., I, 51 ; V, 678. Neave, E. B., I, 234. Needham, Henry, III, 730. Neff, David, IV, 118, 123, 127. Negroes, Impressing, I, 53. Neill, J. R., II, 486. Neill, L. C, III, 516; IV, 701, 709. Nelson, Adjt. 35th Reg't, II, 597. Nelson, E. R., IV, 118. Nelson, Geo. H., Ill, 515. Nelson, H. E., IV, 28. Nelson, Isaac, III, 224. Nelson, Isaac H., IV, 700, 709. Nelson, James, III, 474. Nelson, Jno. B., IV, 271. Nelson, John H., Ml, 224. Nelson, J. N, II, 164, 166. Nelson, Miles, III, 324. Nelson, S. L., II, 462. Nelson, William, II, 80. Nelson, W. B., II, 485; IV, 118. Nelson, Wm. M., IV, 117. Nesbitt, A. M., IV, 632. Nethercutt, Jesse A., II, 690. Nethercutt's Battalion, I, 13; III, 173, 685, 725; IV, 270, 302. Nethercutt's Brigade, IV, 442. Nethercutt, J. H., I, xiii; II, 11, 513; III, 685, 689, 697, 699; IV, 4, 30, 31, 56, 351, 394, 538, 591; V, 19. Neuse, The, (ram), V, 298. New Bern, I, 8, 9, 363, 391, 490, 495, 503, 515, 540; II, 80, 140, 308, 523, 541, 549, 593, 629, 653; III, 7, 9, 83, 87, 132, 170, 273, 328, 333, 704; IV, 72, 84, 92, 241, 252, 265, 486, 557, 646; V, 20, 83, 85, 325, 328, 330-3, 629, 663. New Ironsides, V, 242. Newkirk, A. W., II, 497, 770, 774. Newman, L. H., V, 242. New Market Bridge, I, 85. New Market Races, II, 531. Newport, II, 3; IV, 74, 266. Newsom, James D., I, 551; III, 85, 108; IV, 700, 709. Newsom, W. H., II, 80. Newtown, Battle of, II, 132. Newton, S. B., II, 496. Nichols, B. F., IV, 92. Nichols, John H., Ill, 224. Nichols, John S. A., I, 584; V, 663. Nicholls, P., IV, 709. Nichols, Risden T., II, 184. 816 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Nichols, Samuel, I, 551. Norman, M. H., IV, 702, 709. Nichols, W. A., II, 661. Norman, Thomas J., II, 2, 9. Nicholson, Edward T., I, 650; II, Norman, W. M., I, 158; IV, 702, 673; IV, 472, 523. 709; V, 46. Nicholson, Guilford, II, 79, 83. Norment, Geo. M., II, 581, 589. Nicholson, H.J., I, 368. Norment, R. M., I, 124, 607; III, Nicholson, John H., II, 496; IV, 64, 65, 80. 701. Norment, William S., II, 16; IV, Nicholson, John H., IV, 701. 219. Nicholson, J. N, I, 734. Norris, J. R., Ill, 433, 434. Nicholson, John P., II, 537, 540, North Anna River, V, 114. 579. North Atlantic Squadron, V, 241. Nicholson, John R., II, 184. North Carolina, V, 298. Nicholson, Malcolm, II, 200. N. C. Defenders, V, 42. Nicholson, Peter, III, 125; IV, 616. N. Carolina Financial Operations Nicholson, W. A. J., Ill, 81. in England, V, 453. Nicholson, William, IV, 298. N. C. Guards, II, 425. Nicholson, W. T., II, 653, 664, 666, North Heath, (ship), V, 364. 668, 670, 673; IV, 474-6. North Carolina Military Institute, Nicollaison, G. A., IV, 341, 644. V, 645. Niemeyer, Jno., V, 446. North Mountain Depot, II, 479. Night Hawk, V, 414. North Carolinians in Other Com- Nixon, Albert M., Ill, 224. mands, V, 678. Nixon, D. J., II, 770. North Carolinians on Military Nixon, F. M., II, 483. Courts, V, 8. Nixon, Jno. R., II, 462. North Carolina Rangers, V, 627. Nixon, Lewis A., II, 540. North Carolina's Record, V, 463. Nixon, Thomas M., Ill, 713; IV, N. C, Troops, Where Stationed, 642. 21 November, 1861, V, 13. Nixon, M. C, IV, 11, 13. N. C. Union Troops, III, 173; V, Nixon, Wm., II, 426. 655. Nobbin, T. W., Ill, 348. Northington, J. S., I, 606, 651; IV,' Noble, Albert M., IV, 379. 523. Nobles, S. W., Ill, 504. Northrop, Wm. H., IV, 418. Noel's Station, M, 694; 111, 246. Norton, J. C, I, 232. Nolan, A., Ill, 348. Norton, W. P., Ill, 515; IV, 709. Nolan, Pat., I, 556. Norwood, John H., Ill, 84; V, 154. Noland, James, II, 64. Norwood, Thomas H., Ill, 23. Noland, Sheriff, III, 662. Norwood, Thomas J., I, 585. Noland, W. W., IV, 709. Norwood, Thos. L., II, 662. Noles, Jno., V, 193. Norwood, W. L., IV, 113. Norcum, W. A. B., IV, 261, 624, Nott, Jas. D., I, 121, 441; III, 643. 630, 643. Nottaway Bridge, IV, 366. Norfleet, M. W., Ill, 84; IV, 700, Number of Generals from N. O, 709. V, 3. Norman, J. C, III, 262. Number of Troops from N. O, V, Norman, L. J., IV, 245. 1, 3. General Index. 817 Nunn, Henry S., II, 462. Nunn, W. H., II, 462. Nutt, Henry, V., 300. Oakley, H. W., V, 193. Oaks, P. A., II, 146. Oates, David M., V, 646. Oates, David W., IV, 474. Oates, Robert M., IV, 474. Oates, T. J., II, 593. Obenchain, Wm. A., IV, 418, 419. O'Brien, M. J., V, 624. O'Bryant, Albert, III, 203. Occoquan, I, 422. O'Connor, Lt, III, 522. Ocracoke Fort, V, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43. Odell, Jno. M., II, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 170, 171. Odell, Laban, II, 165, 166, 170; V, 12. Odell, William H, I, 731. Odom, James D., IV, 339. Odom, Jas. G., IV, 91. Odom, Richard B., Ill, 714. Odum, J. G., IV, 710. O'Hagan, Chas. J., I, 485; II, 597, 613, 619, 620; IV, 579, 633, 637. "O. K. Boys," V, 67. "Old Church," II, 469. Old Cold Harbor, V, 197. Old Men's Guards, I, 55. Oldham, T. A., I, 735. Oldham, T. E., I, 735. Oldham, T. S., I, 735. Oldham, W. P., Ill, 21, 23, 31; IV, 710; V, 210, 211. Oldham, W. E., I, 735. Oliver, J. A., IV, 7-10. Oliver, J. B., IV, 420. 700, 710. Oliver, Mercer, II, 127. Oliver, W. H., I, 24, 33; V, 461. O'Neal, Abram, I, 291. O'Neal, E. F., IV, 710. O'Neal, Frank, III, 723. O'Neal, Morgan, III, 723. O'Neal, Stanley, III, 723. 52 Orange Court House, I, 674; II, 478; III, 27. Orange Guards, II, 425; III, 314. Orange Light Infantry, I, 125. Orange Plank Road, II, 48. Ordnance Department, I, 39, 43. Organization, IV, 51. Organizing of First Regiment, I, 124. Organization of Brigades, IV, 435. Ormond, R. D., II, 483. Oi-r, E. M., IV, 709. Orr, J. B., IV, 709. Orr, N. D., II, 496. Orrell, W. C, II, 178. Osborne, Charles L., II, 292. Osborne, Edwin A., I, 230, 231, 244, 247, 255. Osborne, E. A., IV, 460. Osborne, E. N, IV, 700, 710. Osborne, William B., Ill, 260. Ossabaw Sound, IV, 733. Otey's Battery, V, 247. Other Deeds of Daring, V, 17. Ousby, Wm. C, III, 2, 3. Outlaw, Edw. R., I, 119, 584, 603. Overby, R. C, IV, 245. Overton, A., I, 288. Overton, Washington F., II, 186, 231. Overman, W. H., IV, 25, 28, 595. Owen, D. W., Ill, 481. Owen, J. M., Ill, 516. Owen, R. A., Ill, 525. Owen, Robert L., Ill, 515. Owen, W. L„ IV, 236. Owenby, W. W., V, 193. Owens' Battery, IV, 489. Owens, B. N., IV, 710. Owens, Dick, IV, 115. Owens, J. Henry, III, 261, 263. Owens, Robert L., IV, 700, 710. Owens, Thomas, III, 82, 352. Owens, W. A., I, 77, 90, 118, 127, 260, 583; II, 580; III, 259, 260; V, 10, 650. 818 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Owens, W. A., V, 650. Owens, W. M., II, 89. Owl, V, 396, 399, 400, 410. Oxford, Isaac, V, 292, 294. Ox Hill, I, 306, 371, 759; II, 31, 134, 473, 552. Ox Hill, II, 585, 656, 685; IV, 163, 552. Pace, Daniel, III, 660. Pace, J. F., Ill, 427. Padgett, J. W., II, 496. Page, B. J., Ill, 348. Page, Erasmus F., I, 176. Page, Jesse H., I, 119; IV, 608. Page, L. A., Ill, 433. Page, Noah, V, 603. Page, , III, 523. Paige, Jno., V, 351. Paine, Lt.-Col., (Va.), II, 95. Paisley, Wm., IV, 131. Palmer's Brigade, III, 440, 454, 527, 662; IV, 442. Palmer, Jno. B., Ill, 431, 434, 435, 438, 448, 452, 66S, 669, 670; III, 447, 756; IV, 115, 371, 380. Palmer, J. C, III, 261. Palmer, John H., II, 166. Palmer, Joseph B., Ill, 438, 496. Palmer, Wm. H., II, 569; V, 94. Palmer, Wm., II, 544. Palmer, V. J., Ill, 315, 347, 348, 392, 398; V, 189, 191. Pamlico Sound, V, 56, 57, 59, 192, 299. Pantheon, (schooner), V, 36, 38, 39. Papertown, Skirmish at, II, 97. Pardew, F. C, II, 539, 578. Parham, F. M., Ill, 482. Parham, Samuel G, IV, 702. Parham, S. J., Ill, 267, 723. Paris' Artillery, IV, 43. Paris' Battery, II, 3. Paris, (Va.), II, 96. Paris, Capt., (Art.), IV, 528. Parish, James T., Ill, 715. Paris, John, III, 268, 285; IV, 618. Paris, Robert, III, 481. Parish, W. R, IV, 710. Parker, Capt. of "Patrick Henry," V, 326. Parker, Richard H., I, 142. Parker, Allen B., II, 512. Parker, A. L., Ill, 203. Parker, B. H., IV, 637. Parker, Cader, I, 232. Parker, David A., Ill, 714. Parker, David W., Ill, 223; IV, 701, 710. Parker, Durant A., II, 465; IV, 473. Parker, E. S., Ill, 161, 202. Parker, F. M., I, 78, 91, 113, 118, 246, 273; II, 495, 505; IV, 461; V, Pref., xi. Parker, F. M., V, 78, 593. Parker, Geo. D., II, 630, 648; V, 234, 239. Parker, Geo. P., Ill, 225. Parker, George T., I, 291. Parker, George W., Ill, 23. Parker, J., Ill, 347. Parker, James, 111, 485. Parker, James H., IV, 91. Parker, John A., Ill, 714. Parker, Jno. Alvis, V, 16. Parker, Jno. G., II, 457, 461. Parker, M. Pleasant, IV, 701. Parker, P. M., Ill, 516. Parker, Richard B., II, 461. Parker, R. H., II, 522. Parker, S. G., I, 233, 271. Parker's Store, I, 428; III, 585. Parker, Wiley C, II, 538. Parker, W. F., "ll, 485, 493; IV, 113. Parker, Willis, III, 731. Parker, W. B., I, 556. Parker, W. Fietche - IV, 71, 91. Parker, W. H., I, 734. Parker, W. H., V, 303, 304, 305, 307, 308, 309. Parker, W. L., I, 292. Parker, Wm. T., II, 539. Parker, Capt, (54th), 111, 267. Parks, Lt., of Engineer Corps., IV, 418. Parks, Benj., II, 462. Parks, D. O, (9th), I, 485. General Index. 819 Parks, D. C, (27th). II, 462. Parks, C. M., II, 462. Parks, J. A., IV, 13. Parks, John Alvis, III, 364. Parks, Jno. P., II, 584. Parks, Miles, I, 569. Parks, Oliver T., II, 321, 539, 578. Parks, Thomas, I, 119, 584. Parks, William, I, 574. Parks, M. A., I, 136; III, 224, 225, 226, 237, 238; IV, 701, 710; V, 10. Parlier, J. J., Ill, 224. Parmer, Owen A., II, 771. Parnell, Frank, I, 292. Paroles, IV, 213. Parole List at Appomattox, V, 667, 680. Parrish, W. K., I, 295, 345. Parrott, W., I, 551. Parsley, W. M., I, 178, 182, 191, 192, 203, 207, 210, 211. Parsley, W. M., IV, 459; V, 10. Parson, Brownlow, III, 733. Parsons, T. A., IV, 38. Partizan Rangers, III, 447, 549, 550, 725; V, 270. Passmore, M. Ill, 515; IV, 710. "Pat," (Irish nurse), V, 578. Pate, Stephen W., II, 463. Patillo, Capt, IV, 653. Patrick, Cornelius, II, 496. Patrick, F. F., IV, 722. Patrick, Geo., II, 672. Patrick Henry, The; V, 326. Patrick, H. M., II, 786. Patrick, Wm. H., Ill, 504. Patterson, A. F., V, 194. Patterson, C. A., II, 118. Patterson, Daniel, II, 630, 635; V, 225, 239. Patterson, D. A., V, 193. Patterson, Frank, IV, 245, 256. Patterson, F., Ill, 357. Patterson, E. J., V 194. Patterson, George, IV, 605. Patterson, H. L., I, 137. Patterson, James A., Ill, 225. Patterson, Jno. A., II, 64. Patterson, Joseph A., II, 539. Patterson, J. D., Ill, 316. Patterson, Malloy, Ml, 81. Patterson, N. McN., II, 64. Patterson, O. H., II, 678. Patterson, R. A., Ill, 83; IV, 639. Patterson, R. F., V, 193. Patterson, Samuel, I, 106, 128; IV, 654. Patterson, Wm. A., II, 539. Patterson, W. A., Ill, 660. Patterson, W. F., V, 290. Patterson, W. T., Ill, 357. Patterson, Robert E., I, 234. Patton, Augustus W., Ill, 473, 483, 484. Patton, B. F., I, 119; III, 473, 474, 483, 497. Patton, David, II, 490. Patton, Hugh, IV, 503. Patton, James Alfred, I, 78. Patton, Jno. D., Ill, 202; IV, 640. Patton, T. W., I, 119; III, 473, 483, 497. Paul, James A., IV, 118. Pay Department, I, 45. Payne, Charles M., Ill, 317, 326. Payne's Farm, I, 149, 197. Payne, J. H, I, 554, 558. Payne, W. M., (Q. M.), IV, 521. Payne, William R., V, 603. Payton, W., IV, 710. Pawnee, (steamship), V, 56, 501. Pea Ridge, I, 745; IV, 291. Peace Commission, III, 386. Peace, Abner D., I, 644; II, 185, 236, 262. Peace, Failure to Negotiate, III, 394. Peace, P. P., Ill, 85. Peacock, Jos., II, 461. Peak, John, I, 751; IV, 137. Pea Patch Island, IV, 726. Pearce, B. F., IV, 702, 710. Pearce, J. H. C, III, 226. 820 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Pearce, Ricks, V, 666. Pearce, Samuel M., Ill, 715. Pearce, W. H., IV, 346. Pearsall, D. M., Ill, 1. Pearsall, J. H., I, 232. Pearsall, Jere J., Ml, 20. Pearson, C. W„ III, 587, 601, 641, 643, 648, 653. Pearson, J. N, I, 291; IV, 632. Pearson, James T., Ill, 80. Pearson, John M., IV, 472. Pearson, John R., I, 385. Pearson, John W., I, 384. Pearson, Richmond M., II, 402. Pearson, R. C, IV, 372. Pearson, Wm., II, 508, 512. Pearson, W. A., IV, 653. Pearson, W. R., IV, 99. Peden. John T., Ill, 296, 307. Peden, J. W., I, 136. Pedrich, W. T., V, 50. Peck, Adam, III, 744, 747. Feck, Job B., Ill, 660. Peck, J. W., Ill, 447. Peck, Leander, III, 482. Pee Dee Guards, II, 184. Peebles' Farm, IV, 88. Peebles, J. H., II, 790, 806. Peebles, Robt. B., II, 611, 612, 626; III, 315, 397. Peek, Alfred, III, 660. Peek, John, III, 660, 662. Peek, Levi, III, 660. Peek, L. W., Ill, 660. Peel, J. H., I, 734. Peel, J. W.,.1, 446, 485. Peel, Robert, 1, 232. Peel, T. J., Ill, 357. Peele, A. E., IV, 701, 710. Peete, R. S. F., I, 606; IV, 633. Pegram's Battery, III, 30, 159, 337, 372; V, 16. Pegram's Brigade, Ml, 311. Pegram House, Fight at, II, 58. Pegram, John, II, 143, 256, 260, 262, 450, 501, 533; IV, 281, 282, 420; IV, 254. Pegram, John C, I, 606; II, 83, 88, 92; III, 338, 359; IV, 254, 572, 575, 578; V, 179, 184. Pegg, Wm., Ill, 482. Pierson, Sylvester, IV, 389. Pelham, John, I, 713. ¦ Pell, William E., I, 551. Pilot Mountain, V, 633. Pemberton's Brigade, IV, 441. Pemberton, Jno. A., I, 40. Pemberton, Jno. C, II, 734. Pendergrast, R., Ill, 347. Pender, Josiah, I, 501. Pender, S. M., I, 735. Pender, Thos. J., II, 539. Pender, Walter, I, 501, 521. Pender's Brigade, I, 663, 667, 759; II, 42, 43, 170, 230, 231, 346, 363, 375, 555, 556, 582, 583, 584, 585, 660, 661, 662, 679, 680, 683, 685, 686, 687, 688, 691; IV, 155, 161, 165, 167, 436, 437; V, 589. Pender-Scales Brigade, IV, 551. Pender's Division, III, 300; IV, 177; V, 101, 124, 118, 119, 121. Pender, Wm. D., I, xi, 300, 303, 346, 349, 351, 375, 380, 381, 613, 653, 654, 659, 665, 669, 693, 697, 756, 760, 764; II, 29, 35, 41, 42, 45, 168, 171, 231, 562, 568, 661, 680, 683, 685, 687, 689, 690, 691, 693; IV, 153, 155, 156, 160, 162, 170, 175, 176, 180, 551, 553, 555; V, xii, 4, 9, 95, 104, 151. Pender, W. N, III, 453. Pendleton's Artillery, III, 166. Pendleton, W. N., I, 208; II, 391, 459; III, 168. Pendley, William, ill, 660. Peninsular Campaign, II, 194. Penick, Dixon B., I, 378, 385. Penland, J. H, III, 482. Penland, W. S., Ill, 482. Penny, George A., I, 606, 651; IV, 633. Penny. J. J., Ill, 203. Penny, Ransom, I, 291. General Index. 821 Pense, Jacob, I, 292. Peoples, Martin H., I, 361, 369. Pepper, J. R., Ill, 226. Pepper, R. K., II, 131, 132, 144; IV, 230; V, 11. Perdue, Thos., II, 462. Percy, A. B., Ill, 315. Perkins, A. W., V, 603. Perkins, Elisha A., II, 771, 775. Perkins, Frank, V, 194. Perkins, Francis J., I, 401. Perkins, Henry, III, 668. Perkins, Julius, II, 512. Perkins, James M., Ill, 23; IV, 403. Perkins, W. L. M., Ill, 3, 12. "Perquimans Beauregards," II, 426. Perry, A. S., I, 736. Perry, Benjamin L., Ill, 432. Perry, C. E., I, 233. Perry, Daniel R., II, 646. Perry, Daniel W., IV, 66, 643. Perry, Fabius H., II, 508. Perry, Hugh H., Ill, 84. Perry, H., Ml, 348. Perry, George W., Ill, 715. Perry, Jno. D., II, 7. Perry, John H., Ill, 715. Perry, John M., IV, 354. Perry, J. W., (15th Batt), IV, 365, 368. Perry, J. W., (23d Batt), IV, 399. Perry, Jos., Ill, 715. Perry, S. R., II, 497. Perry, Thomas, I, 292. Perry, Thomas L., I, 230, 231, 270. Perry, Willie, I, 735. Perry ville, II, 709, 730. Person, John B., II, 89. Person, B. F., I, 486. Person, Jesse H, I, 486. Person, Sam J., I, 23. Pescud, J. S., IV, 38, 595. Petersburg, I, 174; 384, 406, 431, 549, 582, 597, 602, 650, 678, 681, 702, 747; II, 6, 8, 287, 298, 480, 481, 482, 518, 519, 621, 624, 797; III, 77, 154, 211, 212, 247, 275, 281, 310, 351, 359, 466, 689; IV, 85, 93, 203, 242, 453, 489, 494, 509, 516, 528, 529, 535, 575; V, 15. Petersburg & Weldon Railroad, I, 431, 433, 437, 471, 527, 588. Peterson, Ewd., II, 398. Peterson, J„ II, 114. Petterton, T. R., I, 233. Petteway, Jas. T., V, 403. Pettigrew's Brigade, I, 543, 589; ll, 42, 43, 171, 336, 339, 341, 344, 346, 348, 354, 357, 361, 362, 364, 366, 562, 563, 566, 567, 601; III, 235, 237, 240, 300, 322, 441; IV, 180, 252, 558, 559, 569; V, xiii, 101-114, 118-140, 147, 151-8. Pettigrew's Charge, III, 90. Pettigrew's Division, IV, 45. Pettigrew's Division Losses, II, 367, 368. Pettigrew Hospital, V, 577. Pettigrew, J. Johnston, I, xi, 381, 425; II, 42, 44, 161, 167, 334, 335, 340, 342, 343, 358, 362, 365, 366, 375, 376, 377, 409, 568, 662, 793; III, 24, 25, 87, 110, 170, 240, 416; IV, 36, 183, 338, 357, 361, 555, 562; V, 4, 9, 10, 108-156, 649. Pettigrew-Kirkland-MacRae Bri gade, IV, 436, 555. Pettigrew-Pickett Charge, V, 137. Pettigrew, Miss Mary L., IV, 624. Pettigrew, Wm. S., IV, 539. Petty, C. Q., Ill, 143, 144, 147, 153. Petty, Robt. E., II, 620, 623, 626, 627, 670. Petway, Oliver C, II, 304, 592, 593, 595, 597, 600; V, 11. Peyton, Henry, IV, 453; V, 148, 250, 255. Pfohl, C. B., IV, 38, 48. Pfohl, W. J., II, 143, 144; V, 12. Pharr, S. E. W., IV, 702, 710. Phelps, T. S., V, 242. Phifer, Charles, I, 498, 533. Phifer, Charles W., V, 649. 822 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Phifer, David, II, 544. Phifer, Edward, III, 140. Phifer, George L., (10th), I, 551. Phifer, George L., (49th), III, 125, 128, 139, 153. Phifer, J. W., I, 232. Philadelphia, Tenn., IV, 291. Philbeck, J. P., Ill, 348. Phillips, D. C, I, 555. Phillips' Farm, I, 420. Philips, Fred, I, 273, 275; II, 499, 500, 502; V, 593. Phillips, J. A., IV, 710. Phillips, J. J., II, 540. Phillips, J. L., Ill, 433, 435. Phillips, James T., Ill, 23. Phillips, Joseph, V, 601. Phillips, Matthew, IV, 100. Phillips, N. G., Ill, 731. Phillips, Hon. S. F., I, 20, 45. Phillips, W. B., V, 194. Phillips, W. E., V, 601. Phillips, Wm. H, IV, 118. Phillips, N. G., Ill, 744. Phillips, Capt, IV, 653. Philpot, J. W., II, 627. Philyaw, Gideon, V, 603. Philyaw, S. P., V, 602. Phinisee, Jno. H, II, 292. Pickens, S. V., IV, 113, 363. Pickering, C. W., V, 243. Pickett, Geo. E., II, 616, 777, 797; III, 132, 333, 398, 646; IV, 266, 267, 573; V, 326, 328, 332, 333. Pickett's Division, II, 367; III, 235, 237, 258, 300, 301, 393, 397, 645; IV, 576. Pickett-Pettigrew Charge, IV, 179. Pickett, I. J., I, 213. Picot, Julian, II, 507, 512. Pierce, A. L., I, 137. Pierce, J. C, I, 159. Pierson, J. M., IV, 702. Pierce, J. P., IV, 362; V, 16. Pierce, Wm. A., II, 508, 706. Pigeon River, Camp on, III, 524. Pike, Oliver M., II, 166, 172. Pike, William B., I, 176. Pilkinton, J. A., Ill, 507. Pilots of Blockade Runners, V., 357. Pinion, E. S., V, 173. Pinkney, R. F., V, 298, 313. Pinnix, Will, I, 660. Pipkin, Isaac, II, 507, 512, 515. Pipkin, S. D., I, 735. Pipkin, S. H., II, 498. Pitcher, A. R., I, 645. Pitchford, T. J., 642. Pitch Landing, IV, 26. Pitman, J. M., I, 575. Pitman, J. P., Ill, 219. Pitman, J. W., Ill, 432. Pitt, J. W., II, 496. Pitt Volunteers, II, 425. Pittman, O. P., I, 120. Pittman, Thaddeus E., II, 461. Pitts, F. G., II, 495; IV, 15, 16, 71, 72, 76, 85, 91, 93, 94, 370. Pitts, John W., IV, 38, 51. Pitts, Mark B., IV, 91. Pleasant Valley, I, 421. Pleasants, W. H., Ill, 85. Pledger, Jas., Ill, 723. Pledger, J. C, I, 485. Plemmons, Wm., Ill, 482. Pless, P. J., I, 292. Plumby, Jno., II, 292. Plummer, Kemp, I, 621, 631, 648, 650. Plummer, W. T., IV, 654. Plyler, Calvin, IV, 616. Plyler, Peter W., Ill, 117. Plymouth, Conaby Creek, V, 176, 182, 183, 186. Plymouth, N. O, I, 116, 321, 398, 496, 527; II, 139, 145, 616, 797; III, 8, 177, 274, 530, 551, 706; IV, 27, 72, 89, 92, 103, 242, 528, 573, 574; V, 7, 175, 176, 177, 181, 190, 192, 193, 194, 312, 318, 319, 321, 323. Poe, C. C. I, 736. Poe. Terry, III, 507. General Index. 823 Poindexter, C. B., V, 298. Porter, Jas., II, 303, 323, 396. Point Lookout, V, 375. Porter, Joseph E., I, 734; IV, 564. Point of Rocks, III, 609. Porter, Jno. L., V, 316. Poisson, John J., II, 63, 64. Porter, Steve, IV, 125. Pole Green Church, II, 447. Porter, Wm., II, 371, 396, 397; IV, Political Prisoners, IV, 754. 710. Polk, J. A., II, 360, 373, 380, 395, Portland, Me., IV, 740. 397. Porter, Chaplain 65th, III, 683. Polk, Leonidas, II, 731, 742, 743; Portsmouth, N. C, II, 521; V, 35, V, 648, 663. 39, 51, 68, 301, 302. Polk, L. L., II, 307, 396, 421; III, 3. Posey, A. E., IV, 111, 115. Pollock, Alexander J., Ml, 287. Post, James F., IV, 221. Ponton, Capt, IV, 653. Poteat, Felix L., Ill, 85. Pool, Burroughs, III, 347. Poteat, Jno., II, 537. Pool, D. H., Ill, 185. Poteat, John A., I, 176. Pool, Jas. B., IV, 700, 710. Poteat, J. M., I, 77, 127; IV, 474. Pool, James H., I, 524, 525. Poteat, Peter, I, 106, 128. Pool, H. O, I, 496, 527, 574. Potter, E. E., V, 242. Pool, Jno. L., II, 747. Potter, Francis W., Ill, 202; IV, Pool, S. B., II, 507, 512; III, 714. 640. Pool, Stephen D., I, 159, 492, 494, Potter, Henry A., I, 213. 495, 500, 503, 511, 515, 516, 522, Potter's Raid, III, 173, 176; IV, 77, 524, 525, 526; II, 513; III, 290; 92. IV, 325, 350; V, 16. Potter, Capt, (36th), II, 630. Pool, W. E., II, 511; IV, 636. Potts, Jas. M., II, 653. Pool, Wm. T., I, 707. Potts, J. K., Ill, 117. Pool's Battalion, I, 493. Potts, John R., II, 469, 470; IV, Pope, Lt. 17th Reg't, II, 7. 354; V, 43. Pope, Capt. in Home Guards, II, Potts, J. W., I, 128. 653. Potts, L. A., I, 119. Pope, Leroy W., Ill, 223. Potts, R. B., I, 231, 232. Pope, Willis H., Ill, 211, 219. Pounds, J. J., II, 118, 125. Poplar Point, I, 446; IV, 17, 354, Pounds, J. M., II, 165, 166. 589. Powell, A. M., IV, 457. Poplar Spring Church, III, 619; Powell, B. F., I, 606. IV, 93. Powell, Chas. P., II, 189, 190, 216. Porch, George, V, 603. Powell, C. S., Ill, 198; IV, 329, 330, Porch, John, V, 603. 332. Pork Point Battery, V, 306. Powell, J., IV, 97. Port Hudson, V, 221. Powell, Jas. J., I, 551, 555. Port Republic, Battle of, II, 132, Powell, John B., Ill, 3. 258; IV, 233. Powell, John R., IV, 262. Port Royal, IV, 175, 237, 734. Powell, O. H., II, 630, 635; V, 239. Port Walthal Junction, III, 687. Powell, Pinkney, V, 603. Porter, B. H., V, 242, 244. Powell, Robert J., Ill, 22. Porter, David D., II, 636; V, 241. Powell, R. H, I, 441, 485, 782. Porter, Fitz John, II, 470. Powell, Thomas, II, 241. 824 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Powell, T. C, III, 83; IV, 702, 710. Powell's Valley, III, 736. Powers, David, I, 176. Powers, E. P., I, 119; IV, 299. Powers, L. E., II, 159. Powers, W. C, IV, 607, 714. Powers, W. D., I, 679. Prather, E. F., IV, 387. Prather, J. J., II, 789. Prather, L. L., IV, 383. Prather, W. S., Ill, 606. Pratt, H. B., IV, 619. Pratt, John L., II, 145. Prempert, Henry C, I, 163. Preston's Brigade, III, 476, 484. Preston's Division, III, 449; V, 173. Preston Guards, V, 42. Preston, S. W., V, 242, 244. Pritchett, Wm., Ill, 482. Price, Benj., IV, 298. Price, Capt, IV, 371. Price, Charles, IV, 9, 12, 594. Price, Ebenezer, II, 538, 561, 578. Price's Farm, I, 553. Price, F. A., IV, 710. Price, Henry F., II, 462, 457. Price, H. W., Ill, 348. Price, James, II, 747. Price, J. G., Ill, 317. Price, John, IV, 298. Price, Joseph, II, 746. Price, R. H., II, 64. Price, Richard Nye, II, 396. Price, R. W., II, 790, 805. Price, O. D., I, 772. Price, Thomas R., Ill, 78, 81. Price, Wm. J., I, 387; V, 65. Primrose, Cicero, I, 501, 507. Primrose, John W., I, 485. Prince, W. A., II, 512. Printer, Capt, Ga., Ill, 526. Prior, John N, I, 118; IV, 66. Prison, Escapes from, IV, 767. Prison Guard (Salisbury), V, 626. Prison Horrors, IV, 755. Prison Life at Johnson's Island, IV, 657. Pritchard, Calvin, IV, 702, 710. Privett, Burke, I, 778. Proctor, Hence, III, 57. Progress of the Siege, III, 368. Proffett, Wm. H., I, 136. Proffit, B. S., II, 486, 493. Proflit, Ira, IV, 702, 710. Proflit, Jas. C, II, 486. Promt, W. A., IV, 710. Proffitt, Wm. W., Ill, 431. Proney, The, V, 303, 312. Prophet, A. N., II, 64. Prophet, (18th), II, 40. Propst, George A., Ill, 223, 229. Propst, W. W., IV, 710. Pruden, William D., IV, 13, 594. Pryor, Roger A., II, 796; III, 87, 321; IV, 357; V, 8*, 85. Puckett, J. W., 193. Pugh's Landing, V, 59, 60. Pugh, Thos. C, IV, 631. Pugh, William A., IV, 339. Pulley, W. E., I, 552. Pulley, Wm., II, 508. Purcell, J. D., II, 112 ; IV, 635. Purchases for Army in England, V, 457, 458. Purnell, T. R., IV, 425. Purnell, W. T., IV, 29. Purdie, Thos. J., II, 20, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 68, 73; IV, 467, 473; V, 10, 99. Purdie, Thos. L., I, 378. Puryear, Hal. S., IV, 482, 494. Purvis, J. Edward, I, 136. Purvis, Levi H., II, 538. Puttick, James, I, 711. Quartermaster-General's Depart ment, I, 23. Quartermaster's Report, I, 27, 33, 34. Queen, B. A., Ill, 516; IV, 700, 710. Quince, R. M., I, 385. Quince, William, I, 213, 221. Quinn, Jas., II, 462. LHiinnerly, Steve'i S., Ill, 636. Raby, D. M., Ill, 731. General Index. 825 Raby, J. W., IV, 619. Randlesburg Rifles, I, 125. Raccoon Ford, 1, 4, 87, 720. Randolph, George W., I, 82, 83, Radcliffe, Jas. D., I, 365; II, 654; 94, 97, 138, 181. Ill, 503; IV, 413, 414, 473, 483. Randolph, John, I, 50; II, 80. Rader, M. M., V, 603. Randolph, J. B., I, 734. Ragin, Charlton O, II, 659; IV, 467. Randolph, T. Ed., II, 462. Rainbow Banks, III, 720. Raney, John, V, 194. Rainbow Bend, IV, 416, 643. Rankin, Alonzo, IV, 386. Raine, John R., Surgeon, IV, 639. Rankin, John T., IV, 305, 719. Rains, Gabriel J., I, xii, 112; V, 3, Rankin, N. P., II, 304, 306, 328, 4, 663; IV, 424. 396; III, 530, 554. Raines, James E., II, 486, 488. Rankin, Robert, I, 23. Raines' Brigade, II, 709; IV, 438. Rankin, Robert G., IV, 304-6, 311-2; "Raleigh," (steamer), V, 298, 303, V, 24. 304, 312, 680. Rankin, S. C, IV, 702. Raleigh Powder Mill, I, 44. Rankin, W. R., II, 465, 653. Ramsay, Jno. A., I, 561, 567, 569, Rankin, W. S., II, 144; IV, 700, 710. 571, 576. Rankin, Wallace A., Ill, 148. Ramsay, Junius N., V, 490, 491. Ransom, Matthew W., I, xi, xii, Ramseur, Charles, IV, 28. 135, 138; II, 277, 281, 285, Ramseur, O. A., I, 121; IV, 702, 298, 593, 596, 605, 606, 608, 612, 710. 617, 619, 625, 626; III, 136, 157, Ramseur, Stephen D., I, xi, 155, 329, 340, 422; IV, 365, 572, 578; 209, 256, 325, 515, 536, 551; II, V, xii, 12, 74, 75, 175, 177, 182, 129, 140, 142, 248, 332, 500, 502; 184, 186, 187, 192, 266, 276, 587, III, 14, 125, 147, 754; IV, 356, 649, 667. 448, 449, 457, 516, 569; V, 9, 10, Ransom, Robert, I, xi, 10, 388, 13. 417, 484; II, 20, 83, 274, 276, Ramseur's Battery, I, 3, 552. 294, 295, 332, 428, 461, 599, 603, Ramseur's Brigade, I, 172, 251, 608, 609, 610, 612, 613, 777; III, 325; II, 500, 502, 530; III, 44, 115, 327, 329, 353, 742; IV, 346, 48, 116. 441, 491, 503, 572, 578; V, 74, 78, Ramseur's Division, I, 205, 209, 277, 667, 674, 679. 328, 645; II, 251, 252. Ransom's (M. W.) Brigade, I, 399; Ramsey, Dauglas, V 31. II, 277, 282, 286, 289, 333, 334; Ramsey, Nathan A., Ill, 504, 505. 612, 616, 621, 624; III, 156, 337, Ramsey, O. H., Ill, 660. 338, 373; IV, 436, 438, 442, 448, Ramsey, R. D., Ill, 203. 569, 571; V, 175, 187, 276, 321, Ramsey, Thos. J., II, 690. 588. Ramsey, Wm. S., Ill, 504, 505. Ransom's (Robert) Brigade, II, Rand, Oscar R., II, 306, 314, 318, 273, 275, 276, 431, 440, 602; III, 329, 396. 127, 129, 130, 142, 322; IV, 502. Randall, Silas D., Ill, 287, 296; IV, Ransom's (Robert) Division, I, 701, 710; V, 669. 403; II, 613; III, 10; IV, 575. Randall, Willis, IV, 710. Rapidan River, I, 199, 321, 429, 487, Randle, F. P., Ill, 500. 721; II, 40, 42; III, 73, 93, 272; Randleman, Samuel H., Ill, 225. IV, 562. 826 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Rapidan Station, HI, 271; IV, 506. Rappahannock, I, 305, 318, 334, 423, 720; II, 227; III, 417, 577, 584; IV, 169, 236. Rasberry, H. H., Ill, 504. Ratehford, J. W., I, 127, 128. Ratehford, R. M., II, 186. Ratcliff, Jeremiah, HI, 515; IV, 700. Rattlesnake Shoal, V, 399. Rawls, F. M., V, 194. Rawls' Mills, II, 336; IV, 15. Ray, Alexander, I, 119; III, 262. Ray, D. A., V, 194. Ray, D. H., I, 120. Ray, David J., IV, 296. Ray, David M., II, 485. Ray, David S., Ill, 314, 328. Ray, Erastus H, III, 84. Ray, G. D., Ill, 660. Ray, James M., Ill, 474, 475, 482, 483, 486, 490, 660; IV, 113. Ray, Neill W., Capt, I, ix, 293, 336; V, ix, 593, 605, 609. Ray, Wm. A., II, 485. Rayle, B. Y., II, 540. Rayner, Nat, I, 234. Read, Lt.-Col., (Art.), I, 582. Reade's Battery, III, 337. Ready, J. W., II, 437. Reams, John, I, 152. Reams Station, I, 385, 470, 599, 678, 747; II, 76, 103, 388, 447, 480, 575, 669, 694, 781; III, 77, 97, 121, 619, 620; IV, 93, 564; V, xiii, 207, 208, 212, 628, 674. Reaves, Geo. S., II, 114. Reaves, Samuel, I, 281. Reaves, Capt., II, 162. Rebel Rangers, II, 770, 774. Rector, Lewis, III, 731. Redd, C. C, I, 582; IV, 222. Redd, M. L. F., I, 178, 227. Redding, E. L., I, 231, 232. Redding, Wm. W., Ill, 347. Redditt, David F.. Ill, 504. Red Hill, IV, 74, 76. Redfearne, W. D., II, 182. Redmond, Dennis, V, 624. Redwine, G. D., II, 791. Redwine, T. W., II, 807. Reece, J. M., IV, 3, 4, 38, 46, 48, 270, 587. Reece's Battalion, IV, 108. Reed, C. W., IV, 735, 737, 738, 741. Reed, J. J., I, 736. Reese, R. H., II, 89. Reese, W. B., Ill, 760. Reeves, Geo. Mc, II, 165, 166. Reeves, Geo. R., II, 303, 396. Reeves, Horton S., II, 165, 166. Reeves, Jesse A., II, 303. Reeves, Jesse F., II, 162, 163, 166. Reeves, Malachi W., II, 485. Reeves, Preston B., II, 165, 166. Reeves, Richard E., II, 465, 466; IV, 473. Regiment, Bethel, I, 9, 69; II, 162; III, 13; IV, 347, 604; V, x, 13, 577, 645, 663. Regiment, First, I, 73, 74, 81, 124, 131, 135; IV, 435, 441; V, 13, 589, 595. Regiment, Second, I, 157; II, 498; IV, 18, 435; V, 13. Regiment, Third, I, 177; IV, 18, 435, 441; V, xiv, 13, 589. Regiment, Fourth, I, 229; II, 498, 589; IV, 435; V, xiv, 13, 467, 664, Regiment Fifth, I, 3, 281; III, 652; IV, 436, 441 ; V, xiv, 589. Regiment, Sixth, I, 3, 293; II, 135; IV, 436, 441; V, 170, 171, 175, 194, 581, 582, 588, 606. Regiment, Seventh, I, 3, 361, 609; II, 25, 36, 50, 65, 308, 313, 316, 544, 550, 559, 561, 576, 594; IV, 435; V, 13, 94, 97, 139, 147, 156; 588, 631, 665. Regiment, Eighth, I, 3, 387; II, 16, 509, 513, 616, 617; IV, 482, 488, 493, 495; V, 13, 59, 175, 185, 190, 193, 197, 665. Regiment, Ninth, (1st Cav.), I, 3, General Index. 827 4, 417, 461, 775; II, 100, 102, 104, 294, 599, 601, 603, 614, 617; IV, 106, 700; III, 534, 537, 572-3, 576, 436, 569; V, 14, 175, 186, 189, 193, 592, 597, 605, 635; IV, 110, 113, 588. 389, 390, 437, 581; V, 13, 589, 666. Regiment, Twenty-fifth, I, 5; II, Regiment, Tenth, (1st Art), I, 4, 291, 599, 601, 700; III, 157; IV, 12, 489, 490, 499, 551; IV, 221, 436, 569; V, 14, 188, 193, 588, 290, 356, 439; V, 175, 240, 680. 667. Regiment, Eleventh, I, 9, 583; II, Regiment, Twenty-sixth, I, 5, 589; 336, 354, 399, 700; IV, 436, 555, II, 303, 395, 543, 595, 596; IV, 557; V, 83, 85, 91, 114, 120, 139. 436, 555, 569; V, xiv, 14, 111, 114, Regiment, Twelfth, I, 605; II, 22, 119, 120, 131, 134, 139, 152, 467, 119, 121, 207, 220, 236, 249, 545; 599. Ml, 19; IV, 436, 441; V, 13, 589. Regiment, Twenty-seventh, 1, 5; Regiment, Thirteenth, 1, 653, 689; II, 308, 425, 609, 695; IV, 501, II, 207, 225, 455, 582, 680, 695; 502, 509; V, 14, 588. IV, 436, 441, 522; V, 13, 589. Regiment, Twenty-eighth, I, 5, Regiment, Fourteenth, I, 705; 1 1, 609; II, 45, 49, 50; IV, 435; V, 50, 498, 700; IV, 435, 441, V, xiv, 14, 94, 97, 139, 154, 588, 646. 589. Regiment, Twenty-ninth, I, 6, 12; Regiment, Fifteenth, I, 733; II, II, 485, 700, 731; HI, 737; IV, 395, 438, 440, 443, 446, 447, 609; 438, 442; V, 14, 18, 169, 173. IV, 435, 441, 504; V, 13, 588, 589. Regiment, Thirtieth, I, 6; II, 495; Regiment, Sixteenth, I, 680, 751; IV, 435; V, xi, 14, 589, 667. II, 168, 174, 582, 700, 707; IV, Regiment, Thirty-first, I, 6, 40; II, 137, 436, 527, 551; V, 13, 680. 507; IV, 435, 482, 483, 491; V, Regiment, Seventeenth, I, 12; II, 59, 61, 66, 86, 167, 197, 203, 241, 1, 13, 775, 796, 803; IV, 436, 528; 667. V, 13, 15, 41, 42, 59, 241, 680. Regiment, Thirty-second, I, 6; II, Regiment, Eighteenth, I, 609; II, 521; III, 4; IV, 436; V, 14, 247, 15, 78, 476, 544, 576, 654, 767; IV, 666. 435; V, 13, 55, 93, 94, 98, 139, 588. Regiment, Thirty-third, I, 6, 41; Regiment, Nineteenth, (2d Cav.), 11,537,562,578,666; IV, 435; V, I, 4, 5, 12, 439, 474; II, 79, 103, 14, 94, 97, 139, 147, 156, 588, 667. 105, 108, 541, 700; III, 532, 536, Regiment, Thirty-fourth, I, 7; II, 545, 556, 592, 595, 602, 646, 650; 168, 174, 694; IV, 436, 551; V, IV, 358, 437, 581 ; V, 13, 210, 629, 14, 589. 666, 676. Regiment, Thirty-fifth, I, 7; II, 542, Regiment, Twentieth, II, 111, 207, 591; III, 346; IV, 436, 569; V, 14, 225; IV, 436, 441; V, 14, 589. 175, 179, 190, 193, 588. Regiment, Twenty-first, II, 129; Regiment, Thirty-sixth (2d Art), IV, 436, 441; V, 175, 194, 588, 1,7,12; 11,629,709; IV, 304, 439; 666. V, 14, 222, 239. Regiment, Twenty-second, II, 161, Regiment, Thirty-seventh, I, 7, 455, 695; IV, 436, 551; V, 14, 589. 609; II, 21, 308, 544, 550, 561, 563, Regiment, Twenty-third, II, 181, 502, 509; V, xiv, 14, 588. 312; IV, 436, 441; V, 14, 589. Regiment, Thirty-eighth, I, 7; II, Regiment, Twenty-fourth, II, 269, 47,168; IV, 436, 551; V, 7, 589. 828 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Regiment, Thirty-ninth. I, 7, 12; Regiment, Fifty-fourth, I, 10; III, II, 492, 699, 727; III, 737; IV, 438, 267; IV, 436, 441. 442; V, xi, 169, 173. Regiment, Fifty-fifth, I, 10; 111, Regiment, Fortieth, (3d Art.), I, 287; IV, 435, 441, 508; V, xi, 101. 7, 12; II, 745; IV, 115, 327, 439; Regiment, Fifty-sixth. I, 13; II, V, 240, 664, 679. 296, 601, 612; III, 313; IV, 436, Regiment, Forty-first, (3d Cav.). 569; V, 175, 178, 180, 191, 668, I, 7, 429, 439; II, 767; III, 635, 669. 646. 647, 688; IV, 437, 490, 581; Regiment, Fifty-seventh, I, 13; 11, V, 18, 666, 676. 135; III, 405; IV, 436, 441, 751. Regiment. Forty-second, I, 7, 9; Regiment, Fifty-eighth, I, 13; II, II, 3, 789; IV, 436, 527, 528; V, 701; III, 431, 447; IV, 439, 442; 15, 241. V, xi, 670. Regiment, Forty-third, I, 10; II, Regiment, Fifty-ninth, (4th Cav.), 616; III, 1, 19; IV, 436; V, 175, I, 13, 429; III, 455, 531, 550, 556; 194, 611. IV, 263, 437, 580; V, 83, 85, 86. Regiment. Forty-fourth, I, 10, 12; Regiment. Sixtieth. I, 13; II, 700, 11,336,412; 111.21; IV, 555, 558; 712; III, 473, 499, 737; IV, 439, V, 114. 442; V, xi, 169, 171, 173. Regiment, Forty-fifth, I, 10; II, Regiment. Sixty-first, I. 13; II, 523, 533; III, 4, 35, 163; IV, 436; 517; III, 503; IV, 435, 483, 488; V, 254. 491; V, 197, 202, 241. Regiment, Forty-sixth, I, 10; II, Regiment, Sixty-second, I, 13; II, 438, 602, 609; IV, 435, 501, 502, 700; III, 515, 737; IV, 439, 442. 509; V, 588, 665. Regiment, Sixty-third. (5th Cav.), Regiment, Forty-seventh, I, 10; II, I, 13, 431, 436, 439, 474; II, 3; 344, 354, 355; III, 83, 320; IV, III, 459, 525, 549, 572, 573; IV, 436; V, 132, 139, 153, 154. 263, 437, 581; V, 85, 86, 666, 671, Regiment, Forty-eighth, I, 10; 1 1, 672, 673, 676. 328, 433, 447, 454, 458, 601; III, Regiment. Sixty-fourth. I, 13; II, 113; IV, 435, 502; V, 588. 700; III, 659; IV, 439, 442. Regiment. Forty-ninth, I, 10; II. Regiment, Sixty-fifth, (6th Cav.), 294, 328, 455, 624; III, 125, 151; I, 13; III, 673, 721; IV, 291, 439; IV, 436, 569; V, 15, 175, 588, 663. V. 169, 170, 173. 663. Regiment. Sixty-sixth. I, 13; II. 3. Regiment, Fiftieth, I, 10, 12; II, 4, 9, 796; III, 685; IV, 436, 527; 3, 636, 796; III, 161; IV, 6, 103, V. 241, 436, 440, 527, 528; V, 241, 668. Regiment, Sixty-seventh, I, 14, 51; Regiment, Fifty-first. I, 10, 12; II, III, 703; IV, 17, 440; V, 2, 6, 17, 513; 517; III, 205; IV, 435, 483, 18. 491, 493: V, 162, 167, 197, 198, Regiment, Sixty-eightn, I, 14, 18, 199. 51; III, 713, 725; IV, 440; V, 2, 6. Regiment, Fifty-second, I, 10, 12; Regiment, Sixty-ninth, I, 15; II, II, 336, 355; III, 223; IV, 436, 700; III, 729; IV, 124, 127, 137, 553; V, 139. 437, 439, 442. Regiment. Fifty-third, I, 10; II, Regiment, Seventieth. (1st Junior 523, 592; III, 4, 255; IV, 436. Reserves). I, 16; III, 320, 634, General Index. 829 680; IV, 4, 6, 9, 19, 29, 57, 58, Reilly, James, I, 496, 525, 528, 562, 354, 439. 578, 579; II, 635, 646, 647; IV, Regiment, Seventy-first, (2d Junior 49, 391 ; V, 24, 27, 228, 230, 233, Reserves), I, 16; IV, 4, 6, 25, 358, 234, 239. 392, 439. Reilly's Battery, I, 4, 579; IV, 437; Regiment, Seventy-second, (3d V, 589. Junior Reserves), I, 16; IV, 4, Reinhardt, Daniel, II, 187, 188. 7, 35, 45, 56, 270, 439, 583, 590. Reinhardt, Hannon W., II, 770. Regiment, Seventy-third, (4th Sen- Reinhardt, J. F., I, 133. ior Reserves), I, 16; IV, 6, 65, Reinhardt, Wallace M., I, 78. 99, 398, 440; V, 5, 676. Rencher, Jno. G., II, 541, 579. Regiment, Seventy-fourth, (5th Rencher, Wm. C, IV, 129, 400. Reserves), I, 16; IV, 6, 69, 398, Rencher's Battalion, IV, 400. 440; V, 5, 676. Rendall, W. P., I, 581. Regiment, Seven ty-flfth, (7th Cav- Renfree, Stephen, V, 194. airy), I, 16; IV, 71, 90, 91, 340, Renike, John, I, 175. 437, 580. Reno, Ed., Ill, 496. Regiment, Seventy-sixth (6th Re- Repiton, A. Paul, IV, 425. serves), IV, 6, 65, 67, 97, 398, Reserves, Organization of, IV, 1, 3. 440; V, 5, 676. Reserve Battalions, IV, 224. Regiment, Seventy-seventh, (7th Reserves, Junior and Senior, II, Reserves), IV, 3, 4, 6, 65, 99, 103, 11. 398, 440; V, 677. Respass, Fenner, Ml, 724. Regiment, Seventy-eighth, (8th Re- Respass, William O., Ill, 724. serves), IV, 3, 6, 65, 107, 398, Retus, Jones, I, 291. 440; V, 677. Reynolds, A. W., II, 724; III, 436. Regiment, Seventy-ninth, (8th Cav- Reynolds, D., II, 544. airy), IV, 109, 115, 363, 439, 442; Reynolds, Edwin, Ml, 660. V, 2, 6, 677. Reynolds, Francis A., II, 707, 724, Regiment, Eightieth, II, 733; III, 727, 733, 736. 758; IV, 117, 127, 437, 439. Reynolds, F. S. H., Ill, 473, 482, Regiment, Eighty-first (First Reg- 483. iment Detailed men), IV, 129, Reynolds, John H., Ill, 474, 475, 400, 440. 476, 483, 491, 492. Regiment, Eighty-second (Second -Reynolds, J. T., Ill, 660. Regiment Detailed Men), IV, Reynolds, N. A., II, 166. 131, 400, 440; V, 589, 664. Reynolds, Pryor, III, 35. Regiment, Eighty-third (Third Reynolds' Brigade, III, 454, 476, Regiment Detached Men), IV, 492. 133, 400, 440. Rhea, Henry K.. Ill, 483. Regimental Hospital, V, 577. Rhea, Jno. W., II, 705. Reich, W. A., II, 398. Rhea, Robert C, III, 683. Reid, David S., IV, 38. Rhea, Maj., Ill, 518. Reid, J. B., V, 184. Rhein, Jno. E., II, 676, 677. Reid, James Rufus, I, 231, 269. Rhind, A. C, V, 243. Reid, Jno., II, 707. Rhodes, D. V., IV, 710. Reid, , Co. I, 68th, III, 726. Rhodes, Edward A., I, 584, 590. 830 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Rhodes, E. H, I, 179, 227, 228. Riddick, W. G., II, 772. Rhodes, F. A., Ill, 504. Riddle, James M., Ill, 432. Rhodes, Ingraham, I, 660. Riddle, Jos. B. F., II, 186. Rhodes, King J., I, 119; III, 315. Riddle, Thomas H., Ill, 483, 492. Rhodes, Noel, I, 660. Riddle's Shop, I, 420; II, 480, 588, Rhodes, R. B., Ill, 457. 694; IV, 200. . Rhodes, Thos. J., II, 461. Ridgeby, D. B., V, 242. Rhyne, Adam M., II, 192, 791, 807; Rierson, John W., II, 535; III, 260, V, 664. 263. Rhyne, Daniel, III, 405. Rierson, Samuel H., Ill, 224, 710. Rice, B. L., IV, 710. Riggs, Lt. 10th, I, 501. Rice, Robert L., Ill, 22. Rigsbee, T. S., II, 535. Rice, Stephen A., II, 770. Riley, B., I, 556. Rich, Jno. R., II, 489. Riley, Elzy, III, 355. Rich, Lewis J., Ill, 20. Riley, Simpson, III, 347. Rich, Peter M., II, 291. Rinaldi, B. F., II, 63. Rich, W. H, V, 603. Ringo, Daniel W., Ill, 427. Rich, W. R., V, 603. Ringstaff, Henry, III, 3; IV, 700, Richards, Roscoe, II, 443, 448, 462. 710. Richardson, C. J., IV, 9, 13. Ripley's Brigade, IV, 441; V, 589. Richardson, Jno. A., II, 630; IV, Ritchie, Geo. E., 1,405. 72, 73, 76, 77, 91, 370. Ritchie, Irey, I, 729. Richardson, J. C, III, 262. Ritter, Henry P., I, 387; IV, 633. Richardson, J. M., II, 144; V, 641. Ritter, J. S., II, 80. Richardson, John Q., Ill, 225, 238; Ritter, John T., IV, 296. V, 12. Rivenbark, Charles W., IV, 595, Richardson, J. R., 1 1, 40. 597, 725, 732. Richardson, Jno. R., V, 593. Rives, Alexander, III, 503; IV, 641. Richardson, Jno. W., II, 303, 393, Rives, R. W., I, 137, 139. 396,397. Roach, John R., Ill, 23. Richardson, S. N., II, 64. Roan, W. H., I, 486. Richardson, V. V., IV, 475; V, 98. Roanoke Island, I, 8, 390; II, 629; Richardson, Wm., V, 194. Ill, 178; IV, 248; V, 42, 63, 57, Richardson, W. B., IV, 612. 304, 305, 310, 627. Richardson, W. W., II, 358, 371, Roark, J. M., II, 790. 372, 396, 397. Robards, Horace L., II, 676, 677. Richmond, Caleb, IV, 462. Robards, W. J., I, 629, 639. Richmond, Adjutant, III, 125, 127. Robarts, Albert, I, 711. "Richmond Blues," V, 65. Robb, Lt. (18th Batt), IV, 379. Rickets, H. H, II, 582. Robbins, Ephraim, II, 89. Ricketts, Capt, V, 31, 32, 583. Robbins, J. H., IV, 606, 607. Ricketts' Battery, V, 29, 30, 31. Robbins, J. M., II, 166, 172. Reddick, C. E. C, I, 288. Robbins, J. S., II, 166. Riddick, James, II, 582. Robbins, Thos., Ill, 393. Riddick, R. H, II, 583, 581, 585, Robbins, Wm. M., II, 579; V, 112. 679, 692; IV, 155, 157, 164, 551, Robbins, Sergeant, V, 41. 552; V, 10, 552. Roberson, David A., II, 771. General Index. 831 Roberson, Geo., 11, 462. Robertson, Walter M., II, 358. Roberson, Jas. P., I, 525. Robertson's Brigade, III, 459, 461, Roberson, John, I, 501, 525. 463, 551, 552, 562, 564, 569. Roberson, Joseph, I, 501. Robertson's Run, IV, 184. Roberson, M. A., Ill, 482. Robeson, David G., IV, 304. Roberson, M. M., I, 73~. Robeson, E. N, II, 64. Roberson, Monroe, I, 674. Robeson, H. B., V, 244. Roberson, S. M., IV, 701. Robeson, Jno. H, II, 485, 493. Roberson, Capt., IV, 653. Robinette, Joel B., II, 654. Roberts, Chas. E., IV, 296. Robinette, Jno. C, II, 654. Roberts, Chas. M., I, 485; II, 293; Robinette, Wm. P., II, 654. IV, 113; V, 12. Robinson, A. T., Ill, 205. Roberts, Drummer, I, 728. Robinson, Benjamin, I, 284, 287, Roberts, E. B., I, 383. 288; II, 125; IV, 299. Roberts, Frank N. I, 78, 85, 90, Robinson, C. F., IV, 259. 93, 119; III, 313, 338, 344, 357, Robinson, C. H, II, 511. 361, 364, 367; V, 188, 189. Robinson, Henry W., I, 710. Roberts, G., Ill, 357. Robinson, Jas. H., Ill, 503, 505. Roberts, Gideon M., I, 159. Robinson, John H. I, 118, 123; Robert, G. M., Ill, 474, 475, 482, 484. Ill, 21, 223, 229. Roberts, H. H, V, 438. Robinson, John H, (29th), II, 486. Roberts, H. L., II, 675. Robinson, J. M., II, 686, 689, 691. Roberts, Isaac, II, 771. Robinson, J. L., I, 751. Roberts, James, III, 347, 355. Robinson, J. N., IV, 710. Roberts, James P., Ill, 720. Robinson, J. S., IV, 51, 642. Roberts, Jno. T., II, 461. Robinson, L. W., IV, 630. Roberts, J. W., IV, 700, 711. Robinson, P. G., II, 171; IV, 635. Roberts, M. P., IV, 700, 710. Robinson, S. R., IV, 28. Roberts, Philetus W., V, 9. Robinson, T. J., IV, 299. Roberts, Rufus, III, 128, 153. Robinson, Thomas M., Ill, 703, 711. Roberts, Stephen W., I, 585. Robinson, Wm. G., II, 79, 82. Roberts, Wm. P., I, xii, 433, 443; Robinson, Wm. O., II, 62. II, 80, 96, 99, 103; III, 466, 468, Robinson, W. P., Ill, 696. 613, 634, 645; IV, 88, 94, 96, 580, Robinson, W. T., Ill, 686. 631; V, 179, 210, 251, 673, 674. Rock Creek, V, 597, 606, 609. Roberts, Capt., 63d, III, 530. Rocky Face Rangers, II, 676. Roberts' Brigade, II, 108; III, 467, Rocky Ford, V, 635. 470; IV, 89, 90, 96, 437, 442, 580; Rocky Mount, IV, 77. V, 680. Rockwell, H. O, III, 205. Robertson, Beverly H., Ill, 460, Rodes, E. H, I, 213. 530, 531, 534, 566, 567, 572; IV, Rodgers, Council, I, 106, 128. 73; V, 86, 90. Rodman, W. B., II, 746; V, 8, 650. Robertson, H. Jasper, I, 551, 560. Rogers, Allen R., II, 772. Robertson, John C, II, 746, 747. Rogers, Anselm, II, 705. Robertson, Leonidas W., Ill, 84. Rogers, A. J., I, 387, 395. Robertson, Walter H., IV, 556; V, Rogers, Asbury T., Ill, 515, 524; 116, 131. IV, 702, 710. 832 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Rogers, B. F., IV, 28. Rogers, Calvin I., Ill, 20. Rogers, C. S., II, 496. Rogers, David, II, 292. Rogers, D. D., Ill, 225. Rogers, T. L., I, 734. Rogers, Henry A., I, 659. Rogers, Hiram, II, 485, 493. Rogers, H. M., Ill, 515; IV, 641. Rogers, Hugh W., II, 706. Rogers, Jas. A., Ill, 267, 269, 276; IV, 630; V, 12. Rogers, Joseph M., II, 597. Rogers, J. Rowan, III, 85. Rogers, J. T., I, 736. Rogers, John V. B., II, 79, 82, 89. Rogers, J. V. L., II, 789. Rogers, M. L., M, 496. Rogers, Sion H., Ill, 83, 320. Rogers, W. J., IV, 261. Rogers, Col., Ill, 518. Rogers' Battalion, IV, 224. Rogers ville, III, 664, 772. Rolando, H., V, 243. Rolfe, Surgeon, (9th Reg't). I, 485; IV, 633. Roll of Honor, I, 52. Roll of Honor (in prisons), IV, 764. Rollins, Jno. R., II, 462. Rollins, Wallace, II, 487, 493. Roney, John, I, 735. Roney, L. H., Ill, 427. Rood, Oliver P., II, 137, 138. Roper, John W., Ill, 81. Rose, George M., Ill, 685, 690; IV, 270, 538. Rose, F. R., Ill, 577. Rose, Jno., II, 653. Rose, W. N., Jr., II, 290. Rose, Bugler, III, 655. Roseboro Jas. T., I, 345. Roseman, F. D., II, 675, 678. Roseman, Marion, II, 676. Ross, B. B., I, 234. Ross, E. A., I, 77, 90, 94, 118, 124, 127, 583, 587, 589; V, 11, 640, 664. Ross, L. R., II, 539, 578. Ross, R. M., V, 438. Ross, W. A., II, 670. Ross, W. N, III, 348. Rothrock, L. H., IV, 700, 710. Rouen, The, V, 410. Rough and Ready Guards, II, 306. Roulhac, Thomas R., Ill, 123, 131, 144, 146, 391. Round Top Mountain, I, 149; V, 121, 122, 137, 138. Rountree, Erastus, II, 462. Rountree, Richard, III, 715. Rountree, S. J., IV, 701, 710. Rouse, George, I, 194. Rouse, Joshua, IV, 97. Routh, Alexander, III, 76, 82. "Rowan" Battery, I, 580. Rowe, D. P., I, 609, 620, 629; II, 230. Rowe, J. M., IV, 361, 362. Rowe, Wiley, V, 18. Rowland, T. C, IV, 25, 28. Rowland, Thomas W., IV, 569, 577. Royal, William, III, 288; IV, 618. Royster, I. M., II, 661, 674. Royster, R. McD., Ml, 296; IV, 700, 711. Royster, Thos., V, 265. Rozell, W. F., I, 585; V, 664. Ruark, E. R., II, 496. Rucker, J. L., I, 634, 771. Rudhour, J. M., IV, 711. Ruffin, John K., I, 281, 282; III, 125, 139, 153, 579; IV, 632, 639. Ruffin, Thomas, (9th), I, 120, 418, 426, 449, 454, 456, 484, 486; V, 11, 651. Ruffin, Thomas, 13th, I, 643, 654, 655, 656, 663, 695; V, 8, 650. Ruffin, Thos., (59th), III, 451, 459, 553; IV, 702, 710. Ruff's Mill, IV, 76. Rufty, Milas, I, 569. Rufus, Richard W., Ill, 504. Rumple, E. C, I, 232. Rumple, J., IV, 605, 765. Rush, Benj., I, 113, 121; IV, 342, 349, 350. General Index. 833 Rush, Calvin J., Ill, 223. Rush, Noah, II, 676. Rush, Z. T., IV, 13. Rush, Benjamin, IV, 346. Rusher, E. A., II, 790, 801. Russ, Simpson, II, 17, 63; IV, 329, 473, 635, 643. Russell, Alexander M., Ill, 23. Russell, C, V, 438. Russell, D. Y., II, 64. Russell, E., IV, 113. Russell, E. H, II, 668. Russell, John C, III, 81. Russell, Lee, ll, 166, 172; IV, 701, 710. Russell, Robert G., Ill, 268. Russell, T. L., V, 195. Russell, Walter R., Ill, 226. Ruth, Andrew, I, 569. Ruth, L. D., I, 569. Rutledge, G. H, V, 195. Rutledge, H. M., II, 286, 291, 294, 295, 332; III, 136, 324, 358, 390; IV, 569; V, 183. Ryals, H. J., Ill, 161, 202. Ryan, Capt. of steamer, V, 404. Ryan, , Capt. 9th Batt., IV, 303. Ryerson, . Color Sergeant, II, 157, 158. Sadler, James, III, 723. Sadler, Wm. H., II, 544. Sadler, Julius, I, 133. Safrit, John, II, 64. Sailor's Creek, I, 651; III, 17, 426; 455; V, 251. Sain, G. W., IV, 387. Sanders, Henry, I, 710. Sanders, H. B., 1, 732. Sanders, Jno. W., I, 525. Sanders, J. H. D., I, 732. Sanders, J. W., I, 515. Salem Church, I, 555. Sales family, III, 497. Sales, John, III, 474, 497. Salisbury, Prison, IV, 745. Salisbury, N. C, IV, 97; V, 5. Salkehatchie, III, 188. 53 Salter, William, III, 710. Saltville, Va., HI, 744; V. x. Sampson Farmers, II, 675. Sampson Ploughboys, II, 675. Sams, Joe, II, 492. Sanderlin, George W., 11, 37, 539, 540; V, 155. Sanderlin, Willis B., HI, 713. Sanders, E. S., V, 193. Sanders, M. W., V, 241. Sanders, Reed, IV, 735, 737, 738. Sanders, William, I, 291. Sanders, W. H, I, 732. Sands, B. F., V, 243. Sandy Ridge, III, 323; IV, 302. Sanford, C. C, II, 791, 806. Sandford, Douglass, IV, 349. Sanford, Frank, IV, 618. Sanford, G. T, II, 187. Sanford, J. Y., IV, 711. Sanford, Wm. H., IV, 472. Santiago de Cuba, The, V, 243, 245, 246, 338, 339. Sapp, Jesse, III, 39. Sappony Church, III, 615. Sargeant, Philip, V, 603. Sassacus, V, 243, 245, 246. Sasser, C. J., II, 64. Sasser, Ed., Ill, 726. Sasser, Philemon H, I, 551; II, 538, 579. Sasser, Thomas H., I, 291. Satchwell, S. S., II, 291, 301, 625, 627, 629, 635. Satterfield, E. F., Ill, 292, 296, 299; V, 111. Satterthwaite, Louis E., II, 80. Satterthwaite, Thos. H., II, 746; III, 503. Satterthwaite, William, II, 80. Sauls, E. M., II, 463. Sauls, H. J., I, 486, 782. Sauls, James V., Ill, 458; IV, 339. Saunders, Alex., II, 358. Saunders, A. F., II, 184. Saunders (Miss) Ann, II, 579. Saunders, Frank, III, 715. 834 North Carolina Troops, 186.1-65. Saunders, John, I, 176. Scales, E. D., IV, 553. Saunders, Joseph H., I, 118; II, Scales, Frank, I, 695. 537, 538. Scales, Hamilton, II, 162, 163, 165, Saunders, Joseph H, IV, 743, 702, 166. 711; V, 155, 650. Scales, James T., I, 161, 174, 175; Saunders, Lancaster K., IV, 643. IV, 460. Saunders, Palmer, V, 327, 330, 331. Scales, John, I, 653. Saunders' Raid, IV, 272. Scales, Jno. L., Ill, 36. Saunders, Richard B., I, 77, 113. Scales, N. M., I, 136; IV, 631. Saunders, R. R., IV, 702, 711. Scales, N. E., IV, 182, 551; V, 651. Saunders, Simeon P., Ill, 715. Scarlett, Thomas C, III, 370. Saunders, W. J., I, 551; V, 651. Scarborough, Ambrose F., II, 183, Saunders, W. L., I, 562, 564; ll, 203. 439, 561, 563, 567; III, 64, 65, 70, Scarborough, Jno. C, V, 593. 75, 76, 79, 80; V, 650. Scarborough, M. F, I, 137. Savage, Edward, I, 178, 179, 181, Scarborough, W. D., I, 137. 190, 213, 217, 218, 227. Schaller, Frank, V, 641. Savage, Henry, II, 16, 20; V, 368. Schayman, Phillip, IV, 298. Savage, Jno. T., II, 771. Schemmermeyer, Lt, I, 565. Savage, Orren B., IV, 632. Schenck, , V, 50. Savage's Station, I, 553, 617, 738. Schenck, Samuel G., Ill, 703. Savage, W., I, 630. Schenck, David, I, 37. Savannah, II, 513; III, 181; IV, Schenck, Henry F., Ill, 315, 318, 103, 320, 335. 323. Saville, J. M., I, 121, 585. Schenck, Jas. Findlay, V, 242. Savilles, Thomas P., Ill, 313, 366. Schermerhcrn,Lt.,ll, 510; V, 61, 66. Sawyer, Harvey A., I, 162. Schilling, John, IV, 298. Sawyer, Joel A., II, 706. Schisano, Leon, V, 304, 312. Sawyer, J. S., Ill, 347. Schoesser, Ignaz, I, 569, 575. Sawyer, L., Ill, 347. Schoup, J. L., I, 731. Sawyer, Robt. W., I, 408. Scoggins, J. O., Ill, 356. Sawyer, Wm. G., I, 378. Scotland Neck Mounted Riflemen, Sayars, J., IV, 245. II, 771. Scales, A. M., I xi, 634, 653, 654, Scott's Brigade, IV, 291, 301. 657, 659, 662, 665, 670, 673, 676, Scott, David, I, 119; III, 262. 680, 729, 765; II, 41, 42, 43, 44, Scott, Edward M., I, 136; II, 162, 117, 170, 171, 680, 687, 690, 692, 166. 693; IV, 155, 175, 180, 552, 553; Scott, John, I, 292. V, xii, 649. Scott, J. G., I, 137. Scales' Brigade, I, 680, 685; II, Scott, John S., Ill, 676; IV, 274-5. 50, 171, 173, 174, 176, 363, 455, Scott, J. W., Ill, 261. 459, 562, 563, 566, 567, 575, 586, Scott, O. R., I, 136, 150. 588, 661, 691, 692, 693, 695, 696; Scott, Wm., II, 272. Ill, 300; IV, 180, 438, 442, 554; Scott, W. L., II, 144; V, 650. V, 101, 102, 104, 107, 111, 124, Scott, W. R., I, 486. 139, 140, 144, 146, 147, 151, 156, Seabird, V, 17, 304, 307, 308, 309, 157, 158, 208. 311, 312. General Index. 835 Seably, Moore J., II, 507. II, 207; IV, 37, 155; V, 71, 667. Seaford, Wiley S., V, 194. Sevierville, III, 738. Seagle, Geo. W., II, 183. Seven Pines, I, 237, 302, 350, 553, Seagle, T. J., II, 183. 567, 693, 754; II, 114, 202, 498; Searcy, A. W., Ill, 482. IV, 37, 137, 152, 356, 555; V, 407, Searcy, R. P., IV, 119. 627, 664. Seawell, F. H, I, 553, 556. Sewell's Point, III, 19. Seawitch, (schooner), V, 299. Sexton, D. M., I, 735. Seckler, G. A. J., IV, 711. Seymour, Wm. H, III, 313. Seceded, N. C, II, 16, 190. Shackelford, Calvin, III, 492. Second Brigade Reserves, IV, 6. Shackelford, Daniel, III, 504. Second Cold Harbor, III, 211, 306. Shackelford, J. H., IV, 38. Second Gum Swamp, III, 324. Shadburne, Sergeant, III, 624, 625. Second Manassas, IV, 163. Shaffner, J. F., I, 230, 268; ll, 537, Secrest, Matt, III, 58. 579, 580; IV, 474, 632, 637. Seddon, J. A., II, 777; IV, 749. Shafer, P. A., I, 232. Seigle, Thomas L., I, 547, 549. Shannon, J. C, III, 713; IV, 642. Selby, Samuel, IV, 29. Sharp, Alfred, IV, 99, 101. Selden, William, II, 510; V, 61, 62, Sharp, E., II, 462. 66. Sharp, E. Tcnkie, II, 461. Selfridge, T. O., V, 242, 244, 245. Sharp, Henry C, III, 715. Sellers, W. W., II, 496, 497, 503; Sharp, Starkey, IV, 365, 644. IV, 461; V, 11, 650. Sharp, Thomas H., II, 2, 5; IV, Seminary Ridge, III, 6, 237, 299; 538, 539; V, 41, 42, 44, 680. V, 102, 119, 120 123, 124, 126, 127, Sharpe, G. W., II, 676, 677. 128, 137, 139, 605, 608. Sharpe, R. M., II, 685; V, 293. Semple, A. E., Ill, 427. Sharpe, S. A., IV, 650. Semple, Edward A., Ill, 405, 410. Sharpe, VanB., Ill, 3; IV, 17, 91. Senior Reserves, I, 18, 52, 433; IV, Sharpe, Wallace, V, 292, 294. 2, 6, 97, 101, 105, 224, 587, 756, Sharpe, Wash, V, 289. 757; V, 1, 5, 629. Sharp, Wm., V, 301, 302, 305. Sensabaugh, Leonidas F., Ill, 683; Sharp. William, III, 457, 462, 700. IV, 642. Sharpsburg, I, 141, 166, 184, 225, Senter, W. H., IV, 107. 246, 307, 372, 421, 573, 625, 627, Sergeant, Robert A., I, 684. 696, 711, 760; II, 32, 71, 135, 157, Serves, T. O., Ill, 618. 158, 169, 222, 474, 499, 553, 554, Sessoms, Jno. W., Ill, 713. 555, 585, 598, 601, 605, 656, 686, Sessoms, Joseph W., IV, 457, 641. 687; III, 67, 119, 128; IV, 165, Setser, Joseph, V, 602. 177, 447, 503, 552, 571; V, 71, 72, Setser, T. W., V, 603. 74, 81, 587, 588, 590. Setser, W. E., V, 602. Sharpton, B. F., IV, 711. Settle, David, I, 653. Sharpshooters Corps, IV, 225, 474. Settle, H. Clay, I, 556. Shaw, Lt.-Col., V, 671. Settle, Thomas, I, 653, 654. Shaw, Angus, I, 120; II, 676, 678, Seventh Confederate Cavalry, IV, 681. 82-3, 93. Shaw, Colin, II, 17, 20; III, 122, Seven Days' Battles, I, 138, 612; 206; IV, 473, 608, 617. 836 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Shaw, Daniel M., II, 306, 307, 395; Sherrill, , (33rd), 11, 578, 626. IV, 636. Sherrill, G. W., II, 63. Shaw, Elias F., I, 439; II, 2; III, Sherrill, Jacob, III, 148. 529, 535, 541, 554, 643, 654; V, 11, Sherrill, John A., IV, 523. 41, 671. Sherrill, W. W., IV, 702. Shaw, E. B., V, 50. Sherron, Will H., I, 556. Shaw, H. M., I, 387, 397, 493, 515; Sherrod, H. H., I, 735. II, 509, 510, 511, 513; 111,274,333; Sherrod, John, I, 486. IV, 107, 250, 251, 345, 346, 482, Shields, A. C, III, 357. 486; V, 9, 59, 61, 62, 63, 65. Shields, R. H., II, 79; IV, 635. Shaw, R., IV, 711. Shiloh, battle of, II, 707; V, 395. Shaw, R. J., I, 486. Shinn, J. W., I, 232, 270. Shaw, William I, 501, 525; V, 43, Shinn, Thos. J., IV, 28. 46, 240. Shipman, Jackson, II, 705. Shaw, W. H., Ill, 226. Shipman, Thomas, III, 474, 482, Shaw, W. P., Ill, 455, 457. 497; IV, 701, 711. Shearer, J. M., IV, 701, 711. Shipments, V, 354. Shearer, Jas. W., II, 705. Ship Point, I, 112. Shearin, Martin, I, 651. Shipp, J. M., IV, 119. Sheets' Ferry, IV, 81. Shipp, Wm. M., I, 751; IV, 137. Sheffey, A. M., Ill, 660. Shober, Chas. E., Ill, 36, 38; IV, Shell, Noah, I, 485. 99, 100, 103, 252, 255; V, 650. Shell, O. P., Ill, 65. Shofner, Martin, II, 581. Shelton, Joseph B., Ill, 224, 228. Shook, J. P., V, 601. Shelton, J. Wesley, II, 704. Shope, Dock V., Ill, 497. Shelton Laurel Mountain, III, 666. Shore, Jno. H., IV, 100. Shelton, W. A., V, 243. Shotwell, Alexander H., II, 584. Shelly, John, III, 482. Shouse, David, IV, 100. Shelley, Wm., Ill, 482. Shuford, A. H, IV, 245. Shenandoah, V, ix, 242, 244, 245, Shuford, F. A., I, 232. 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 437. Shuford, George, V, 664. Shepherd's Battery, IV, 307. Shuford, M. H., II, 183; IV, 702. Shepherd, Henry E., Ill, 3; IV, Shuford, Sidney, III, 82. 702, 711; V, 611. Shuford, S. A., II, 183. Shepherd, James W., Ill, 317; V. Shuford, W. L., I, 232. 663. Shuler, Jno. M., II, 544. Shepherd, M. L., IV, 711. ' Shultz, C. A., IV, 242. Shepherdstown, I, 373, 761; II, 71, Sibley, G. D., Ill, 457. 169, 474, 555, 585, 656, 687; V, 79. Sicard, M., V, 242, 245. Shepherd, Benj., IV, 29. Siceloff, A. E., II, 789, 805. Sheppard, W. B., II, 170; IV, 527. Sidney, Amos, I, 213. 551, 556; V, 129. Siddell, H. A., II, 398. Sheppard, W. S., I, 137. Sides, W. M., V, 194. Sheppardson, W. L., V, 438. Sidney, J. B., II, 512. Sheppardsville, III, 555. Sikes, B. F., Ml, 356. Sheridan's Raid, III, 595. Sikes, Theo. M., I, 179, 228. Sherrell, W. F., I, 652. Sikes, Wilie J., II, 20. General Index. 837 Siler, Columbus F., II, 166, 172. Singleton, James M., Ill, 754; IV, Siler, Frank C, II, 174, 175, 176, 118. 178. Singleton, Spiers, II, 630; IV, 637; Siler, Jesse W., I, 486. V, 240. Siler, J. W., Ill, 675, 684. Sink, Andrew, I, 731. Siler, Rufus S., II, 707. Sink, J. F., II, 790, 805. Siler, Thaddeus P., I, 418, 486; III, Sinster, R. O., I, 232. 673, 683; IV, 650. Sirene, The, V, 401, 402, 403, 404, Sills, D. N., Ill, 686. 442, 446, 447, 448, 450. Sills, John, I, 176. Sisk, R. H., Ill, 433. Silver, D. R., Ill, 434. Skinner, Thomas G., I, 120; IV, Silver, L. D., Ill, 434. 355, 357; V, 282. Silver, S. M., Ill, 432; 434, 438, Skinner, T. L., I, 135, 136, 138, 139; 447, 454; V, 670. V, 11. Simmes, Wm. N., Ill, 355. Skirven, George, I, 119. Simmons, , V, 285, 286. Slade, T. B., II, 786. Simmons, David W., II, 770. Slade, Thos. T., II, 172. Simmons, Frank A., Ill, 20. Slade, Wm., II, 772, 777. Simmons, Junius O, IV, 403. Slash Church, II, 545, 546; IV, Simmons, J. F., IV, 569, 577. 465. Simmons, J. W., II, 89. Slate, W. W., Ill, 482. Simmons, Jas. O., II, 581. Slaughter, Jno. A., II, 507. Simmons, William, M, 120. Slaughter, John B., Ill, 715. Simms, C. C, V, 304, 307. Slaughter, N. M. E., II, 705. Simms, P. N., I, 231. Slemp, Col., Ill, 523. Simons, John W., Ill, 715. Sloan, J. G., IV, 198. Sims, W. B., II, 187. Sloan, D. F. A., Ml, 378. Simonton, A. K., I, 230, 231, 267; Sloan, George, III, 117, 212, 220. V, 11. Sloan, George, I, 78. Simonton, R. F., I, 230. Sloan, James, I, 24. Simpson, E. B., IV, 51, 642. Sloan, Jno., II, 425, 426, 427. Sinclair, Arthur, V, 302, 312. Sloan, Jno. A., II, 453, 457, 461. Sinclair, Jas., II, 310, 313, 317, 542, Sloan, Wm. R., II, 183. 592, 594, 596. Slocum, T. W., I, 51. Sinclair, P. J., I, 281, 282, 284, 286, Slough, Nelson, II, 112, 117, 118, 287. 126. Singletary's Battalion, IV, 224. Small, Edward A., I, 585; IV, 700, Singletary, Geo. B., I, 592, 594; II, 711. 425,426,427; 111,21,24; IV, 558; Small, E. J., I, 110, 119; V, 188. V, 10. Small, Robert A., Ill, 77. Singletary, R. W., II, 426, 427, 428, Small, R. S., Ill, 81. 436, 438; III, 23; V, 651. Smart, D. P., Ill, 357. Singletary, Thomas C, II, 335, 426,Smart, James, I, 725, 731. 427; III, 21, 24. IV, 555, 562; Smart, Thos. R., Ill, 730. V, 650. Smartt, J. P., V, 173. Singleterry, S., II, 63. Smathers, John H, III, 730. Singleton, B. B., IV, 639. Smedes, Bennett, IV, 606. 838 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Smedes, Edward, I, 289. Smedes, Ives, I, 377, 472. Sm:SmSm th, A. E., II, 64. th, A. M., II, 676, 678, 686. th, Aristides S., I, 583; 606; V, 99. Sm Sm SmSmSm Sm SmSmSmSmSmSmSm:Sm:SmSmSm 4 SmSmSmSm SmSmSm Sm Sm 64 Sm SmSm Sm I 94 Sm SmSmSm:SmSm IV, th, B., II, 112. th, B. F, IV, 18. th, B. G., IV, 591. th, Ben. R., I, 345. th, Buckner H., IV, 28. th, B. J., I, 233, 272. th, B. R., Jr., IV, 702. th's Brigade, IV, 437, 439. th, C. C, (22d), II, 166. th, C. C, (70th), IV, 12. th, Charles S., IV, 28. th, Downing H., Ill, 23. th, E., IV, 702, 711. th, Edward, (54th), III, 273. th, Edward, (2d Batt.), IV, 245. th, Edwin, IV, 245. th, E. Kirby, II, 728; III, 307, 5, 729; IV, 117. th's (E. Kirby) Corps, V, 8. th, Erastus, III, 725, 728. th, Frank, V, 243. th, Frederick, IV, 100. th, P. R., V, 245. th, G. F., IV, 711. th, G. G., IV, 14, 642. th, Gen., of Va., IV, 197, 533. th, Governor (Extra Billy), I, th. G. R., IV, 13. th's, (G. W.) Corps, V, 8. th's (G. W.) Division, IV, 152, 701. th, G. W., II, 339, 757, 774; 229; IV, 344; V, 85, 86, 90, th, , IV, 112. th, Henry C, II, 114. th, H. H, I, 121. th, Ira W., I, 378. th, James, III, 288; IV, 640. th, Jack, I, 726. Smith,Smith, Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith, Smith,Smith, Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith, Smith, 289; V, 11 Smith, Smith, Smith,Smith, Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith, Smith,Smith,Smith, Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith, 635. Smith,Smith, Smith, 313; Smith, Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith,Smith, J. A., II, 462. J. B., I, 128. Jesse T., Ill, 218. Jno. B., V, 361. John E., Ill, 20. John L., I, 485, 782. Jno. N, II, 769. Jno. W., II, 512. Joe Hale, IV, 113, 114. J. W., IV, 13. Josiah W., Ill, 725. Josiah W., Ill, 686. Leroy, III, 348. L. H, IV, 271. Milton, IV, 245. Maurice T., Ill, 287, 288, III, 292, 294, 295, 298, 302 1 , 110, 651. Nat. S., IV, 700. Norfleet, II, 771. N. G., IV, 245. N. S., I, 698; IV, 711. Owen, II, 63. Peter, II, 165, 166, 172. Peter E., V, 318. P. T, II, 64. R. A., II, 125. R. B., I, 735. Robt. H., II, 707. R. P., Ill, 356. S., Ill, 347. Saunders, III, 723. S. E., IV, 386. Signal Officer, V, 341. Surgeon, (19th), II, 79; IV, Tom, III, 751, 753. Thomas A., Ill, 745. T. McG., Ill, 36, 38; V, 12. Winfleld, III, 563. William, I, 291. William A., Ill, 225. Wm. F., Ill, 503. W. H, IV, 646. W. H., (5th), I, 291. W. H., (26th), 1 1, 374, IV, General Index. 839 Smith, W. T., Ill, 2. Smith, W. R., V, 315. Smith, , (15th), 745. Smith, , (71st), IV, 29. Smith's Island, IV, 265. Smithfield, Va., I, 154, 207; II, 515; III, 14. Smithville, V, 24, 25, 26, 225, 406. Smithville Guards, V, 24. Smoot, D. G., I, 233, 272. Smyer, M. N., Ill, 78, 82. Snead, E. D., IV, 401, 753; V, 626. Sneed, E. D., (5th), I, 281, 282. Sneed, Richard G., Ill, 21, 22. Sneed, Wm. M., I, 638. Snelling, Wm. N, II, 395, 396, 397, 421; V, 152. Snicker's Gap, I, 206, 259, 696; II, 34, 474; III, 14, 563; IV, 168. Snicker's Ford, III, 259. Snider, George V., II, 80. Snodgrass Hill, II, 703, 715, 716; V, 172, 173. Snow, Byrd, II, 143, 145. Snow, Geo. H., II, 540. Snow, John A., I, 650. Snow, Shugan, I, 608, 627. Snow, Thomas, I, 285. Snowden, Thos. H., V, 282. Snuggs, G. D., I, 274; V, 665. Sockwell, D. R., I, 441; III, 643. Soco Gap, III, 758. Soldiers of N. C. Praised by Jeff Davis, II, 58. Soles, J., II, 125. Sommers, Jas. A., I, 232. Sou-ate-Owle, IV, 126. Sonwell, W. W., IV, 711. Soots, John, IV, 99. Sorrels, A. R., I, 772. Sorrels, H. R., Ill, 317. Sorey, J. W., II, 769. Sossoman, J. P., Ill, 346, 348, 378. South Anna Bridge, III, 71. "Southfield," (gunboat), III, 552; V, 320. South Mills, Expedition to, III, 335 South Mountain Campaign, I, 140. South Mountain, I, 166, 244, 632, 695; II, 499; III, 472; V, 591, 664. South Quay, IV, 366. South West Creek, III, 215, 513, 696, 706, 722; IV, 4, 18, 30, 53, 311, 393, 543, 592. Southerland's Battery, I, 4; IV, 540. Southerland, Boney, IV, 107. South erland, Bryan, II, 770. Southerland, Edward, III, 209, 218. Southerland's Station, I, 748; II, 534; III, 32. Southerland, Samuel M., Ill, 81. Southerland, Thomas J., I, 496, 528, 582; IV, 222. Southerland, W. J., Ill, 211. Southern Stars, I, 75, 125. Spaight, Ashley W., V, 649. Spainhour, James H., I, 136; IV, 604. Spainhour, R. A., I, 136. Spann, J. J., Ill, 674, 681, 683; V, 651. Sparks, Benj. W., II, 769; IV, 638. Sparks, Cotton, III, 504, 505. Sparrow, Thomas, I, 489, 501, 525; V, 41, 54, 680. Spartan Band, II, 675. Spaulding, (steamer), IV, 251; V, 68. Spears, S., IV, 25, 28. Spear, S. P., II, 57, 613, 614. Speck, John F., I, 119; III, 405, 409. Speed, Capt, (Home Guards), IV, 653. Speed, D. S„ IV, 9, 12. Speed, Edward A., IV, 667, 702, 711. Speed, R. K., II, 2. Speer, W. H. A., II, 465, 466, 482, 483; III, 333; IV, 469, 473; V, 10. Speller, Charles W., Ill, 457. Speller, J. J., I, 110, 120. Spence, Joseph N., I, 408. Spencer, A. F., I, 649. 840 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Spencer, J. A., Ill, 81. Spencer, Joseph, III, 723. Spencer, W. G., II, 165, 166. Spencer, William N., Ill, 402, 723. Sperryville, I, 570. Spicer, Jno. W., II, 770. Spicer, W. F., V, 243. Spikes, Addison, I, 555, 559. Spivey, Cornelius, III, 315, 366. Spivey, Caleb M., II, 114. Spivey, David W., II, 270, 272. Spivey, F. M., II, 89. Sponcellor, Jacob, IV, 298. Spotts, J. H., V, 243. Spottsylvania, I, 116, 151, 202, 255, 289, 383, 430, 548, 558, 596, 641, 677, 702, 723, 744. Spottsylvania, V, 104, 258, 619. Sjiottsylvania, Battle of, II, 383, 354, 447, 480, 502, 531, 571. Spottsylvania, Battle of, II, 588, 666, 694. Spottsylvania Court House, II, 49, 52, 57, 75. Spottsylvania Court House, III, 28, 45, 76, 119, 246, 258, 260, 306; IV, 193, 522. Spring Green, III, 680. Springs, J. M., IV, 640. Springs, John M., Ill, 260, 261. Sprinkle, Thomas, I, 276. Spruill, S. B., II, 79, 81, 83, 308. Spruill's Regiment, (2d Cav.), I, 5. Sprunt, Jas., V, xv, 363, 410, 457. Sprunt, James M., II, 112; IV, 608. Sprunt, Mary K., V, 369. Spurlin, G. W., Ill, 357. Squiggins, W. J., V, 193. Squirrel Level Road, IV, 88. Stafford, F. M., IV, 198. Stafford, Joseph B., Ill, 1. Stafford, J. C, III, 117. Stafford, J. L., I, 384. Stallings, Hosea, V, 602. Stallings, Wm., V, 603. Stallings, W. S„ I, 159, 160, 172, 260; IV, 460; V, 10. Stamer, A. R., I, 136. Stamper, Jno., II, 374. Stamper, M. D., I, 735. Stanback, G. L., I, 732. Stancell, S. T., I, 734. Stancill, J. F., I, 230, 231, 232, 261, 268; IV, 461. Stancill, Wm. H., II, 462. Standardsville Road, II, 478. Stanford, S. M., Ill, 218. Stanly, Edward, Governor, I, 14. Stanley, J. B., II, 111. Stanley, R. M., II, 668. Stanley, Wm. F., II, 747. Stanton, Edwin M., IV, 1. Starke, L. D., II, 1, 5; IV, 527, 528, 530, 531, 538, 556. Starke, Rufus, III, 24. Starke, W. N., IV, 476. "Star Spangled Banner," V, 50. Starling, J. M., II, 483. Starns, S. R., I, 292. Starr's Artillery, IV, 342. Starr's Battalion, IV, 17, 56, 341, 342, 362, 379; V, 679. See Bat talion Thirteenth, ante. Starr's Battery, I, 493, 515, 519, 231, 325, 345, 346. Starr, Jos. B., I, 75, 78, 90, 112, 118, 126, 127, 519; II, 513; IV, 294, 341, 342, 349. St. Louis, (ship), V, 385. St. Paul's Church, ||, 470. States in the War, V, 464. State Troops, I, 1-5; II, 16, 79, 162, 181, 192; V, 2, 5, 6, 8. Station, Ivor, II, 515. Staton, Neill B., II, 375, 376. Staton, Robt. M., II, 653. Stattt, Wiley, I, 175. Staunton, Va., Ill, 745. Staynes, A. S., IV, 702. Steadman, John, IV, 203. Steadman, Jos., IV, 216. Steadman, Josh, IV, 216. Stedman, R. W., I, 128; III, 22, 28, 32, 511. General Index. 841 Stedman, Chas. M., I, 118, 123; II, 395; III, 21-4, 34; IV, 326, 568; V, 212, 651, 664. Steagall, Geo. W., II, 461. Steed, Alexander L., Ill, 3. Steedman, C, V, 242. Steel Breast Plates, III, 170. Steel, J. O, I, 234. Steele's Company, II, 306. Steele, D. W., I, 232. Steele, J. J. C, ll, 303, 336, 396. Steele, Manly S., I, 441, 485. Steele, Sinclair Preston, IV, 41, 48. Steen, Ransom H., Ill, 81. Stegal, Rabon, II, 507. Step, John, IV, 111, 115. Stepp, Tisdale, I, 723. Steppes, George, II, 121. Stephens, A. H., Ill, 386. Stephens, Donnie, II, 114. Stephens, Enoch, III, 713. Stephens, Lewis, II, 707. Stephens, Serg't, IV, 298. Stephens, W. G., IV, 633. Stephenson, J. A., IV, 387. Stephenson, Jas. W., II, 675, 685. Stephenson, Joseph, I, 501. Stephenson, Martin L., IV, 354. Stephenson, Thos. W., I, 232, 249, 271. Stephenson, W. A., II, 678. Sterling, Campbell & Albright, V, 456. Sterling, Jas. R., II, 746, 747. Sterling, Richard, V, 630. Sterrett, Samuel, (C. S. Navy), IV, 741. Stett, Bunyon, I, 175. Steuart's (Geo. H.) Brigade, IV, 435, 441. Steuben ville, III, 677. Stevens, Cornelius, III, 23. Stevens, C. T., II, 496. Stevens, David, III, 503. Stevens, J. M., Ill, 474, 475, 484; IV, 641. Stevens, Lewis, IV, 638. Stevens, Merritt, III, 479. Stevens, M. C, III, 296, 302, 311. Stevens, Thomas, IV, 296. Stevens, W. V., I, 233, 271. Stevensburg, I, 428, 639. Stevenson's Depot, I, 261. Stevenson, Bervin, II, 538. Stevenson, Jas. M., II, 630, 634, 646; V, 27, 233, 239. Stevenson, Thomas, II, 113. Stevenson, T. W., I, 262. Stevenson, Wm. M., Ill, 503, 504. Stewart, A. P., II, 731, 732, 733, 734. Stewart, Alfred S., II, 304. Stewart, A. T., Ill, 432, 433, 447; V, 12, 670. Stewart, Calvin, III, 64. Stewart, Colin, III, 81. Stewart, Daniel, HI, 81. Stewart, J. A., II, 771. Stewart, John J., Ill, 80. Stewart, J. M., IV, 97. Stewart, M., Ill, 357. Stewart, T. J., IV, 711. Stewart, Thomas J., I, 128. Stewart's Corps, 111, 698. Stikeleather, John A., I, 232, 239, 243, 263. Stilley, Burton, II, 785, 786. Stilley, Robt. F., V, 18. Stinson, E. B., I, 234; V, 664. Stinson, James, I, 271; IV, 463. Stinson, Robert W., Ill, 82. Stilt, Edward W., I, 119; V, 664. Stith, L. H., I, 157, 158; IV, 631. Stith, T. B., I, 233, 271. Stitt, Robt. H, III, 115. Stitt, W. E., Ill, 2, 3, 12; IV, 516; V, 664. Stockard, J. R., I, 735. Stockton, F. D., I, 365; IV, 472, 753. Stockton, John, I, 254, 272. Stockton, J. B., I, 233. Stoddard, Albert H., IV, 536, 544, 562, 564. 842 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Stokeley, Charles, III, 482. Stokely, H. C, V, 193. Stokely, W. R., Ill, 474. "Stokes Boys," II, 162. Stokes, D. E., I, 137. Stokes, J. J., II, 165. Stokes, Jas. T., II, 166. Stokes, M. S., I, 126, 135, 136, 139; V, 9. Stone, A. W., II, 483. Stone, F. J., I, 661. Stone, T. A., I, 630. Stone, Willie, I, 661. Stone, Wm. E., II, 540. Stone, W. J., I, 735. Stoneman, David, III, 760. Stoneman's Raid, I, 22; V, 635. Stoney Ridge, HI, 492. Stoney Creek, III, 29, 615; V, 628. Storm, D., II, 63. Storm King (ship), V, 364. Storr's Farm, Fight at, II, 56, 480, 574. Story, Edward F., Ill, 504. Story, W. O, II, 443. Stough, A. L., II, 653; IV, 474, 613. Stough, R. J., Ill, 378. Stoup, Solomon, II, 539, 578. Stovall, W., Ill, 296; IV, 711. Stovall's Brigade, III, 488, 489, 499; IV, 439; V, 172, 173. Stowe, George C, II, 540; IV, 69. Stowe, H. D. L., II, 653; IV, 474. Stowe, Jasper, IV, 131. Stowe, Leroy W„ IV, 66. Stowe, Samuel N, II, 465, 467, 483; IV, 413. Stowe, W. A., I, 753, 763. Stowe, William, IV, 174, 210. Strachan, J. B., IV, 637. Stradley, J. A., IV, 601, 604. Stradley, Jos., II, 493. Straight, James L., IV, 641. Strange, Benton A., II, 704. Strange, French, I, 118, 136. Strange, James W., II, 80, 82, 89, 93; IV, 297; V, 273, 274. Strasburg, Battle of, II, 143. Strawberry Plains, III, 664. Strayhorn, S. G., II, 462. Streeter, E. H., II, 512. Street, W. J., I, 164, 175. Strickland, B. R., I, 555. Strickland, Jere, III, 20. Strickland, Philip, I, 378. Strickland, Samuel, I, 291. Strickland, W. R., I, 291. Strider, John, III, 348. Stringfield, W. W., Ill, 518, 729, 730, 732, 739, 754; IV, 119, 124, 127, 128. Stringfellow, C. S., Ill, 524; IV, 7, 38, 52. Stripe. Levin J., II, 538. Stronach, A. B., V, 679. Strong, Geo. V., II, 425, 426. Strowd, Samuel, II, 462. Strudwick, Wm., IV, 629. Stuart, Alfred T., II, 396. Stuart, J. E. B., Ill, 271, 276, 466, 533, 568, 570, 576, 578, 580, 593, 598, 599; IV, 170, 571. Stuart, William D., I, 91, 94, 95. Stuart's Cavalry, III, 556, 557. Stuart's Cavalry Review, 111, 531. Stubbs, Jesse R., I, xiii. Sturdivant's Artillery, II, 515; IV, 86, 489, 499. Sturdivant, Caswell H, III, 2, 3. Styers, B. B., I, 659. Styron, D. C, I, 233, 270; V, 664. Subsistence Department, I, 37. Sudderth, Chas. M., II, 358, 371, 372, 396, 397; V, 602. Sudderth, T. F., V, 603. Sudderth, Jas. W., II, 165. Sudderth, J. G.. II, 372, 397. Sudderth, John M., V., 603. Sudderth, Jno. R., II, 537; IV, 474. Suffolk. I, 398, 578; III, 4, 133, 211, 336, 458; IV, 92, 357, 488, 573. Sugar Loaf. I, 409; IV, 49, 50, 268, 693; V, 217, 222, 225, 227. Sugg, J. T., I, 734. General Index. 843 Suggs, Jno. H., II, 462. Suggs, R. S., I, 735. Sullivan's Island, I, 395; II, 514; III, 209, 511; IV, 66; V, 620. Sullivan, A, M., Ill, 219. Sullivan, Thomas, III, 680. Sully, Ed., I, 460. Summers, A., V, 630, 631. Summers, A. L., I, 233. Summers, Jas. A., II, 538, 578, 579. Summers, Julius A., I, 233, 272. Summers, Peter H., II, 462. Summerson, William A., Ill, 225. Summey, D. F., I, 751; IV, 138. Summey, Daniel F., IV, 629. Sumner, A., IV, 650. Sumner, Benj. H., II, 676, 678, 681. Sumner, Color-bearer, (27th), II, 442. Sumner, Ed. E., I, 78, 114, 120, 136. Sumner, N. N, IV, 386. Sumner, R. R., IV, 711. "Sumter," (vessel), I, 20; IV, 319; V, 415, 436. Surrender, Johnston's, IV, 32, 62. Surrender, Lee's, III, 284; V, 247, 257. Surratt, Capt, IV, 66. "Surry Regulators," II, 162. Susquehannah, (flagship), V, 45, 46, 244, 245, 301. Sutton, Benjamin, II, 690. Sutton, D. M., II, 64. Sutton, John M., I, 119; HI, 261, 264; IV, 262; V, 42, 240. Sutton, Joseph, I, 767. Sutton, Louis B., I, 119; III, 457; IV, 702, 711. Sutton, Richard, II, 462. Sutton, Stark A., I, 110, 118; III, 22; IV, 556. Sutton, Wm., II, 745, 748. Sutton, Wm. M., Ill, 714. Sutton, William T., Ill, 22; IV, 629, 635, 638. Suttle, D. D., IV, 701, 711. Suttle, G. W., IV, 386. Swain, J. B., Ill, 482. Swain, D. L„ I, 55; II, 722; IV, 748. Swr.in, John L., II, 2. Swain, J. R., II, 496. Swain, J. S., IV, 245. Swain, Wm., II, 634; V, 239. Swallow, Col., (U. S.), V, 153. Swan, Dr., V, 341. Swann, W. M., II, 496. Swash, The, V, 37. Sweetman, Capt., (Art), IV, 418, 430. Sweezy, H. A. L„ I, 766, 772; III, 316, 317, 321, 378. Sweezy, J. H, I, 766, 772; III, 316, Swift Creek, I, 14; II, 533, 797. Swindell's Company, IV, 402. Swindell, Alvin, III, 723. Swindell, E. S., Ill, 723. Swindell, John, III, 723. Swindell, Jos., II, 539, 578. Swindell, Wm. M. B., II, 540, 551. Swink, D. B., II, 484. Swink, Geo. B., Ill, 421. Swinson, J. E., Ill, 218. Swinson, Robert J., Ill, 686. Sykes, Francis B., Ill, 714. Sykes, John P., Ill, . Symons, James V., IV, 97. Tabor, W. K., Ill, 660. "Tacony," (ship), IV, 735; V, 243, 245, 246. Taft, Godfrey E., Ill, 296. Tait, George, II, 16, 17, 20, 745, 746, 759; IV, 115, 473. Tait, J. C, II, 771. Tait, Robert, II, 16, 20; IV, 473. Talbert, V, 293. Talcott, T. M. R., IV, 427. Taliaferro, II, 29, 472, 655, 684; III, 209; V, 162, 163, 165, 167. Taliaferro's Mill, II, 469, 470. Tallahassee, V, 376, 437, 438, 439, 441. Talley, Martin VanBuren, IV, 297, 298. 844 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Talley's Mill, III, 305. Taylor, John D., II, 630, 650, 651; Tally, Rev., IV, 614. Ill, 709; IV, 304, 306, 311, 312; Tally, S. J., Ill, 23. V, 650. Tamplin, Thomas H., Ill, 713. Taylor, Jno. J..III, 259. Tankersley, Felix, II, 670. Taylor, John T., I, 620. Taney, J. B., V, 245. Taylor, J. H., Ill, 220. Tanner, C. P., Ill, 317, 357. Taylor, J. M., I, 287, 289, 291. Tapping, Samuel, III, 23. Taylor, Joseph W., IV, 91. Tarber, W. K., IV, 711. Taylor, J. W., I, 736. Tar Heels, III, 376. Taylor, K. B., V, 193. Tar River Boys, V, 36, 37, 42, 43. Taylor, Lewis C, I, 176. Tart, John, III, 356. Taylor, Lewellyn, III, 347. Tart, L. L., Ill, 366. Taylor, Matthew P., IV, 297. Tate, Hugh W., IV, 640. Taylor, Mark P., II, 541. Tate, J. M., Ill, 515, 525; IV, 700, Taylor, M. T., I, 620, 639; V, 267. 711. Taylor, Richard P., II, 495. Tate, John N, I, 583, 584. Taylor, S., Ill, 348. Tate, Jos. W., II, 539, 578. Taylor, S. B., II, 613, 623, 626, 627; Tate, Junius C, III, 675, 684. V, 190, 193. Tate, Robert A., II, 165, 171. Taylor, Silvester, I, 163. Tate, S. McD., I, 296, 313, 358; III, Taylor, Spottswood B., Ill, 263, 265. 281, 423; IV, 271, 661; V, 593, Taylor, Thomas, III, 85. 635. Taylor, Thos. E., V, 414, 417. Tate, S. P., II, 165, 171, 178. Taylor, Travis J., Ill, 715. Tate, W. H., Ill, 268. Taylor, Thomas T., Ill, 715. Tatham, Lee B., II, 292. Taylor, Thomas J., Ill, 347. Tatham, P. A., IV, 711. Taylor, T. W., IV, 12. Tatum, M. N., II, 63. Taylor, Walter H., I, 399; III, 594; Tatum, P. A., II, 80, 89, 93; IV, IV, 367. 702. Taylor, Wm., IV, 700. Tatum, W. C, IV, 118. Taylor, Wm., (68th), III, 726. Tayloe, Langley, III, 714. Taylor, William B., I, 119, 123, 584. Taylor, Absalom, II, 541. Taylor, Wm. P., Ill, 714. Taylor, A. John, V, 601. Taylor, W. R., V, 242. Taylor, A. J., I, 361. Taylor, Wm. S., II, 541. Taylor, Benjamin, V, 603. Taylor, Wm. T., I, 119; III, 314, Taylor, Cam H., Ill, 730; IV, 119, 318,393. 126. Taylorsville, Va., II, 470. Taylor, Dick, II, 492, 721. Teachey, Daniel, II, 496. Taylor, Frank M., I, 119. Teague, Jno. A., II, 485, 488, 493; Taylor (H. H.) Tip, III, 740. V, 18. Taylor, Henry S., II, 541. Teague, M. M., Ill, 81. Taylor, Hillary, III, 714, 716. Teague, Samuel E., II, 397. Taylor, Horatio, III, 715. Teague, Vandevere, III, 287. Taylor, Jacob W., II, 651; IV, 303, Temple, Wm. G., V, 243. 812. Templeton, John Y., I, 377, 378, Taylor, James, III, 730. 385. General Index. 845 Tennent, Jas. A., IV, 425. Tennent, John C, IV, 612. Tennessee Abandoned, III, 738. Tennessee, (cruiser), I, 54. Tenth Confederate Cavalry, III, 677. Terrell, Capt, III, 291, 292. Terrell, James W., Ill, 730, 732. Terrell, J. H., I, 137. Terrell, J. M., IV, 330, 332. Terrell, T. T., I, 735. Terrell, Wm. S., II, 728; III, 730. Terry, Ephraim B., Ill, 225. Terry, Stephen O., II, 96. Terry, S. W., V, 242. Tessenear, Jack, III, 356. Tessenear, Joe, Ml, 356. Tew, Charles C, I, 126, 157, 158, 167, 246, 248; II, 499, 500; V, 9, 35, 629, 637, 638, 641. Tew, J. J., Ill, 220. Tew, Newberne, II, 119. Thatcher, Henry K., V, 242. Thaxton, Henry S., Ill, 457. The Crater, III, 141, 156; V, 617. "The German Volunteers," II, 16. "The Scotch Boys," II, 16. "The Thin, Gray Line of Tar Heels," V, 213. Thigpen, Andrew M., Ill, 23. Thigpen, James R., Ill, 2, 3. Thigpen, Kenneth, I, 113, 129. Thorn, Joel J., II, 461. Thomas, Andrew J., I, 501; V, 43, 46. Thomas, B. S., I, 230; IV, 632. Thomas, C. A., Ill, 318; IV, 640. Thomas, Columbus A., II, 80. Thomas, Capt, V, 408. Thomas, Daniel, II, 366, 374. Thomas, F. E., IV, 13. Thomas, H. C, I. 734. Thomas, Jas. H., II, 462. Thomas, J. J., Ill, 84. Thomas, L. A., II, 374. Thomas' Legion, I, 13, 15, 766; III, 729, 738; IV, 117, 119, 120, 380, 437, 439. See Regiments Sixty-ninth and Eightieth, ante. Thomas, Marion, III, 497. Thomas, Moses, II, 799. Thomas, R. W., Ill, 296, 302. Thomas, S. A., V, 603. Thomas, S. J., I, 232. Thomas, S. M., Ill, 81. Thomas, Wm. Geo., V, 368. Thomas, Wm. H, III, 121, 122, 124, 347, 729, 730, 732, 735, 738, 745, 761; IV, 128. Thomas, Wm. J., Ill, 315. Thomas, W. R., Ill, 307. Thomason, Jas., V., 195. Thomasville Rifles, I, 124. Thompson, A. J., II, 64. Thompson, A. M., Ill, 220. Thompson, David A., II, 690. Thompson, D., Ill, 348. Thompson, D. S., I, 735. Thompson, E. T., IV, 702, 711. Thompson, Eugene W., Ill, 1; IV, 614. Thompson, Fred., II, 20. Thompson, G. A., Ill, 577. Thompson, Geo. W., II, 512; III, 714. Thompson, Geo. S., II, 465; IV, 472, 473. Thompson, Giles W., Ill, 209, 219. Thompson, Jacob, IV, 635. Thompson, Jacob, Hon., V, 649. Thompson, Jas. A., II, 485. Thompson, James N, I, 551, 553. Thompson, Jos., V, 369. Thompson, J. O, V, 603. Thompson, J. F., II, 462. Thompson, L. J., I, 401. Thompson, Monroe, III, 507. Thompson, Marcelius, I, 711. Thompson, S. A., Ill, 356. Thompson, S. T., II, 484. Thompson, Thomas B., Ill, 224. Thompson, Thos. E., I, 231, 271. Thompson, T. F., I, 233. Thompson, V. O., Ill, 65; IV, 639. 846 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Thompson, W. A., (23d), II, 183. Tisdale, Tom., II, 497. Thompson, W. A., (75th), IV, 72, Tobey, F. A., Ill, 432, 450, 452. 73, 77, 78, 91. Todd, Chas. B., II, 582. Thompson, W. B., I, 500, 525. Todd, David, 111, 587. Thompson, Wm., (27th), II, 462. Todd, Elliott, I, 175. Thompson, Wm., (56th), III, 348. Todd, James E., II, 512. Thompson, William, (ship), V, 348. Todd, Joseph W., I, 485; III, 635. Thompson, William D., Ill, 224. Todd, J. B., I, 485. Thompson, W. H, I, 136, 150, 151. Todd, Moses, III, 715. Thompson, W. L., V, 601. ^ Todd. Simon, III, 715. Thornburg, M. A.. II, 483. ' Todd's Tavern, I, 430; II, 101; III, Thornburg, W. L., II, 678, 680. 538. Thorne, E. A., IV, 570, 578; V, 12. Todd, Wm. H., I, 584. Thornton, B. W., I, 121; III, 344, Tolar, Alfred H. H., V, 100. 347; V, 189, 669. Toler, Tom., II, 287. Thornton, L. G., I, 387. Tolson, James H, III, 704, 709. Thornton, R. W., I, 120; IV, 314; Toms, Marion C. I, 119; III, 475, IV, 701, 711; V, 669. 481. Thornton, S. C, IV, 91. Tomlinson, E., Ill, 262. Thornton, S. J., V, 194. Tomlinson, John H., Ill, 262. Thoroughfare Gap, I, 306; V, 676. Tonnoffski, George, IV, 546. Thorp, John H, I, 100, 119, 127; II, Toomer, W. G., IV, 329. 395; III, 84, 100. Toon, Thomas F., I, xii, 644; II, Thorpe, A., IV, 12. 112, 114, 117, 119, 121; IV, 523; Thorpe, John, I, 119, 127. V, 652. Thorpe, Peterson, III, 288. Toon, William H., II, 112, 117. Thorpe, S. C, V, 496. Torrance, J. N, III, 145, 153. Thrash, A. B., II, 92. Total Number of Confederate Thrash, P. H., I, 751; III, 515; IV, Troops, V, 3. 137. Townes, W. H., Ill, 292, 296, 310. Thruston, S. D., I, 178, 190, 191, Townsell, M. L., V, 601. 192, 203, 207, 226, 459; V, 24, 25. Townsend, James T., Ill, 23. Thurston, James, IV, 735, 739. Tracy, J. W., IV, 474, 626, 627, Tice, Solomon, IV, 100. 634, 637. Tiddy, James, IV, 701, 711. Trader, H. G., I, 387; IV, 261. Tidwell, W. B., II, 89. Transit, The, V, 300. Tillery, Richard O, II, 746. Transon, Chas., II, 398. Tillett, Isaac N, I, 119; III, 457; Transon, Julius A., II, 398. IV, 702. 711. Tranter's Creek, III, 21, 24; IV, Tillinghast, Jno. Huske, II, 396; 82. Ill, 22; IV, 614. Traywick, B. S., IV, 329, 330. Tilman, , III, 33, 34. Threadgill, John H., Ill, 3. Tilson, J. E., Ill, 660. Threadgill, W. C, I, 732. Tilson, Wm. E., Ill, 660. Tredwell, Adam, V, 313. Timberlake, G. W., II, 116. Treece, J. C, I, 292. Tinnin, Wm. J., Ill, 370. Treloar, J. W„ IV, 13. Tipton, Thos. G., Ill, 450. Trenchard, S. D., V, 243. General Index. 847 Trenton, N. C, V, 19. Trescott, George E., IV, 472, 474, , 644. Trevilian Station, I, 430, 462. Trexler, Allen, I, 567. Trigg, R. C, III, 452. Trimble, I. R., II, 39, 42, 43, 129, 132, 133, 167, 171, 562, 563, 567, 587, 661; IV, 180, 230, 231; V, 127, 128, 140, 144, 146, 151, 156. Trimble's Brigade, II, 130; IV, 228, 233, 441 ; V, 588. Trimble's Division, II, 367, 368; V, 97, 101, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 124. Trinity College, V, 651. Trinity Guards, IV, 746. Triplett, J. H., I, 121. Tripp, Clarence A., IV, 641. Tripp, Charles, I, 234. Tripp, Edward, I, 233, 272. Tripp, Wm. H, II, 745, 748, 756. Tritt, W., IV, 711. Trout, Gaither, III, 189. Trott, B. W., II, 771. Trotter, J. J., IV, 28. Trotter, Thomas B., I, 77. Trotter, Turner P., IV, 28. Troublefield, Peter B., II, 675. Troutman, David, II, 538. Troutman, J. J., I, 232. Troy, R. P., Ill, 65, 78, 81. Troy, T. S., Ill, 65, 66, 76, 81. Trull, Wm. R, III, 730. Truelove, J. G., II, 483. Truxham, W. S., V, 243. Tuckahoe Braves, II, 425. Tucke, E. P., II, 79, 89. Tucker, Capt, S. Ca., V, 643. Tucker, Col., IV, 767. Tucker, James, III, 356. Tucker, John B., Ill, 22. Tucker, J. B., IV, 245. Tucker, J. J„ IV, 245, 711. Tucker, J. R., IV, 404. Tucker, N. C, II, 89. Tucker, Rufus S., I, 50, 492, 513; II, 771, 773, 775; III, 290; V, 651. Tuliflnny, Iron Works, IV, 101. Tumbro, Alexander, I, 231, 232. Tumbro, J. R., I, 232. Tunnage, J. J., V, 193. Tunstall, George D., Ill, 85. Tunstall, Thos. J., II, 769. Turkey Bend, III, 119. Turkey Creek, I, 420. Turkey Ridge, I, 745. Turnbull, John R., I, 627, 642, 650. Turnage, Robt., II, 544. Turner, Alex., IV, 12. Turner, Andrew J., Ill, 713. Turner, B. B., II, 94. Turner, Columbus L., II, 538, 578, 579; IV, 701. Turner, C. S., IV, 701, 711. Turner, George, II, 118. Turner, H, IV, 653. Turner, H. G., II, 186, 226, 236; IV, 701, 711. Turner, H. Clay, III, 225, 226. Turner, James N, I, 441; II, 80, 89, 103. Turner, J. A., V, 666. Turner, J. B., II, 791, 807. Turner, Capt, (73d), IV, 66. Turner, J. Calder, IV, 700, 711. Turner, J. McLeod, I, 271, 361, 371, 375, 379, 380, 386; IV, 472; V, 665. Turner, John O, I, 232. Turner, John L., I, 477, 486. Turner, J. W., I, 731. Turner, John W., IV, 97. Turner, Josiah, II, 80, 82. Turner, Maj., IV, 762. Turner, N. G., I, 485. Turner, Wm., (Lt), III, 315, 328, 398.. Turner, Wm., (Corporal), III, 347. Turner, W. G., IV, 702. Turner, W. S., I, 585. Turner, Walter S., V, 667. 848 North Carolina Troops, 1861-'65. Turner, Vines E., II, 186, 189, 199, 201, 209, 215, 220, 221, 268. Turpin, J., Ill, 515; IV, 700, 711. Tuttle, C. A., V, 603. Tuttle, D. P., Ill, 224. Tuttle, M. G., IV, 42, 48. Tuttle, J. W., Ill, 224. Tuttle, Romulus M., II, 336, 358, 371, 373, 396, 397, 403, 416, 417; V, 131, 599, 601, 602, 603. Tuttle, Wm. A., II, 171, 178. Tuten, Noah B., I, 231, 233, 270; V, 664. Tuten, R. R., I, 234. Tuten, T. A. E., II, 747. Tutor, Wm. O., II, 512. Tweed, James H, III, 482. Twitty, Francis L., II, 581. Twitty, R. C, I, 478, 486. Twitty, T. B., II, 582. Twitty, W. L., IV, 373. Tyer, Jno. E., II, 462. Tyler, John Tazwell, IV, 473. Tyman, J. W., V, 438. Tyrrell County, V, 57, 58, 60. Tyson, Edwin, III, 117. Tyson, James H., IV, 107. Tyson, W. H., I, 736. Uncle Ben, V, 303. Unattached Companies, IV, 401. Underdown, J. W., V, 603. Underdown, William, V, 602. Underwood, D. A., II, 789, 790. Underwood, Geo. C, II, 304, 395, 397, 423; IV, 636. Underwood, H. M., IV, 335. Underwood, J. B., Ill, 220. Underwood, Jos. B., Ill, 503. Underwriter, I, 495, 526; III, 133; V, 325, 331, 332, 333. United States Ford, V, 677. University of N. C, V, 647. Upchurch, Albert E., Ill, 295. Upchurch, Isham S., IV, 216. Upchurch, Richard, V, 603. Upperville, I, 424; II, 96; III, 461, 472, 559, 564; V, 674. Upshur, J. H., V, 243. Upshur, W. H., II, 88; IV, 635. Urbana, I, 421. Usry, Henry, III, 366. Utley, Leinster, II, 507. Utley, T. J., II, 771. Uwharrie Boys, II, 676. Uwharrie Rifles, II, 162. Vail, Thomas L., I, 486. Valentine, George W., Ill, 715, 717. Valley Campaign, I, 153, 206, 645; II, 248, 531, 533; III, 259, 270; IV, 124. Valley Mountain, I, 752. Van Amringe, Stacy, III, 504. Vanbenthusen, A. C, V, 240. VanBokkelen, J. S. F., I, 189, 212, 226. Vance, Camp, II, 677. Vance's (Z. B.) Legion, III, 433. Vance, Robt. B., I, xi; II, 485, 486, 487, 489, 491, 494, 711, 731, 743, 746, 748, 762; III, 663, 664; IV, 371, 379, 438; V, xii. Vance, W. A., Ill, 432, 453. Vance, Z. B., I, 17, 57, 65; II, 46, 81, 272, 273, 306, 307, 310, 311, 314, 321, 323, 324, 328, 329, 331, 332, 334, 395, 398, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 414, 505, 543, 722, 723, 756, 774, 781; III, 167, 319, 375, 718; IV, 22, 59, 331, 569, 697; V, 4, 7, 192, 212, 353, 358, 359, 438, 453, 460, 461, 463, 466, 448, 481, 650. VanEaton, Richard, III, 427. VanEberstein, Wm., V, 35. VanHook, John C, III, 161, 177, 202, 680; IV, 15, 350. Vanhorne, Joseph, I, 142. VanLeer, Rush, III, 523. Vann, D., Ill, 366. Vann, W. A., IV, 607. Vann, William, IV, 339, 458. Vannoy, E. R., Ill, 224. Vannoy, W. W., I, 136. Vassar, Lt, II, 615. General Index. 849 Vaughn's Cavalry, (J. O), IV, 123. Vaughn, John O, III, 524, 745, 748. Vaughn, Maurice H., IV, 605. Vaughn, William, I, 711. Veach, W. D., I, 731. Venable, C. S., II, 668. Venable, T. B., I, 23; II, 269, 272. Venters, Brinson, II, 627. Venters, Silas W., Ill, 686. Verbal, D., IV, 711. Versailles, Ky., II, 487. Vessels from Nassau, V, 355. Vessels Saved, II, 632. Vick, J. J. B., II, 80. Vick, J. W., I, 380. Vick, S. S., I, 652. Vick, W. P., I, 734. Vickers, J. H., Ill, 357. Vickers, W. M., Ill, 324, 466. Vicksburg, II, 491; III, 485. Vigal, John A., II, 537, 578, 580; IV, 474, 637. Vienna, Va., I, 419, 480. Vines, Charles, II, 496; III, 3. Vines, John A., Ill, 2. Vinson, Jas. W., II, 303, 396. Vinson, Jno., II, 374, 401. Virginia Cavalry, (13th and 15th), IV, 678. "Virginia," (steamer), I, 608; V, 305. Vogdes, Maj., (U. S.), IV, 747. Voliver, Asa, III, 723. Volunteers, Numbering of Regi ments Changed, I, 4, 5. Voyles, Enoch, II, 706. Wabash, The, (ship), V, 45, 242, 244, 245, 301. Waddell, Alfred M., II, 769; V, 650. Waddell, D. C, I, 585. Waddell, G. W., II, 462. Waddell, Jas. I., I, ; IV, 404; V, 346, 347, 348, 349. Waddell, John E., Ill, 482. Waddill, J. B., I, 732. Waddill, J. M. Ill, 63, 65, 66, 80. Wade, , V, 285, 294. 54 Wade, Benj. O., I, 124, 607, 608, 609, 629, 630; II, 22, 545. Wagg, Samuel P., II, 358, 360, 371, 372, 373, 396, 397, 415. Waggoner, D. H, III, 481. Wagner, Battery, II, 514; V, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 435. Wait's Shop, III, 94. Wake Forest, V, 651. Wake Guards, II, 303. Wake Rangers, II, 771, 773. Walden, John W., Ill, 113. Waldo, Joseph T., II, 512. Walker, Arthur M., I, 378; III, 113, 115. Walker's Battalion, III, 737; IV, 177. See, Regiment, Eightieth, ante. Walker, Benj. M., II, 769; IV, 638. Walker's Brigade, IV, 119, 437, 501; V, 588. Walker's Division, III, 282; IV, 447, 570, 571; V, 71, 72, 80, 173, 253, 260, 590. Walker, Chas. F., IV, 117. Walker, Capt, (51st), III, 218. Walker, D. C. F., IV, 118. Walker, D. D., Ill, 516. Walker, David L., II, 706. Walker, H. J., IV, 701, 405. Walker, Jas. A., II, 262, 264, 265; V, 259, 260. Walker, John G., I, 180, 217; II, 167, 428, 431, 438, 461, 601, 602, 778; III, 66, 68, 422, 423; IV, 501, 502, 503; V, 74. Walker, J. C, IV, 625, 627. Walker, J. J., Ill, 81. Walker, Jos. M., Ill, 316, 393, 398. Walker, Jno. W., II, 291. Walker, Josh C, I, 213; IV, 128, 630, 632. Walker, J. W., Ill, 686. Walker, L. J., IV, 405. Walker, L. P., II, 406. Walker, Norman, V, 364. Walker's Regiment, III, 758; IV, 850 North Carolina Troops, lS61-'65. 177. See, Regiment, Eightieth, Ward, McD., II, 118. above. Ward, M. M., I, 647. Walker, Robt. E., I, 501, 525. Ward, R. H., I, 653, 655, 658, 665, Walker, Sergeant, V, 27. 668, 670, 674, 675. Walker, Samuel, III, 262. Ward, Richard, II, 461. Walker, Virgil H., Ill, 225. Ward, Samuel Alston, I, 630, 647. Walker, Wm., V, 311. Ward, T. F., II, 462. Walker, Wm. C, II, 485, 486, 493; Ward, Wm. E., II, 461. Ill, 662; IV, 117, 118, 119, 121, Ward, W. H., V, 438, 440. 122, 125, 126; V, 10. Ward, W. P., II, 426. Walker, Wm. Jordan, II, 772. Wardell, T. R., IV, 342. Walker, W. S., II, 461. Ware Bottom Church, IV, 362. Walkup, S. H., II, 441; III, 113, Waring, Robert P., Ill, 2; IV, 6, 114, 123; V, 650. 66. Wall, H. C, M, 195, 199, 268. Wark, Capt, (pilot), V, 382, 383. Wall, Jas. M., II, 182; III, 457. Warley, A. F., V, 323. Wall, J. B., II, 64. Warlick, J. L., I, 121, 584. Wall, L. B., II, 64. Warlick, L., IV, 702. Wall, R. H, III, 348. Warlick, Pinkney, II, 628. Wall, W. O, II, 184, 185, 224, 246. Warlick, Portland A., I, 121, 584. Wallace, John O., IV, 28. Warlick, R. M., I, 121. Wallace, W. C, IV, 118, 123. Warren, Edward, I, 51, 56; IV, 624, Wallace, Wm. W., Ill, 319. 628. Walser, H. O, II, 146. "Warren Guards," IV, 243. Walsh, Ed., I, 501, 525, 528; V, 240. Warren, H. M., I, 233, 270. Walsh, T. C, I, 734. Warren, Jas. C, 111, 714. Walston, Caleb B., Ill, 313, 714. Warren, James P., Ill, 224. Walston, Jno., II, 462. Warren, John C, III, 234. Walston, William P., Ill, 714. Warren, John T., 1, 176. Walters, Abram G., II, 581, 583. Warren Junction, V, 276, 277. Walters, Capt, (51st), III, 219. Warren, Llewellen, I, 110, 119; II, Walters, W. B., Ill, 203. 371, 395; IV, 636. Walthall's Brigade, IV, 438. Warren, L. L., I, 119. Walton, Benj., II, 512. Warren, Micajah, I, 660. Walton, Jas. T., II, 541, 578, 579. Warren's Neck, V, 176, 177, 178, Walton, Samuel J., IV, 296. 182, 319. Walton, Thos. B., Ill, 714. Warren, P. M., V, 678. Walton, T. G., IV, 376, 650, 653, Warren, R. F., Ill, 226. 654; V, 635. Warren, W. O, IV, 624, 629. Ward, A. C, II, 770. Warrenton, II, 472, 479. Ward, Benj. F., IV, 118. Warrenton Guards, I, 124. Ward, E. H., I, 735. Warrenton Springs, Va., IV, 161. Ward, E. W., II, 770, 774. Warwick Island, I, 552. Ward, Geo. D., Ill, 458; IV, 339. Washington City, III, 278. Ward, Geo. W., I, 213; II, 772. Washington County, V, 57. Ward, J. L., Ill, 475, 482. Washington, George L.,.IV, 429. Ward, Jno. W., Ill, 586. Washington Grays, V, 36, 39, 41. General Index. 851 Washington, Jas. A., I, 162; III, 161, 202; IV, 81; V, 650. Washington, John A., IV, 144, 146. Washington, N. C, I, 492, 512, 521, 540, 578; II, 523; III, 5, 172, 233, 289, 749; IV, 44, 72, 74, 75, 83, 221, 250, 253, 257; V, 192. Waters, Samuel B., II, 20; IV, 473. Waters, Jno. O., II, 676, 681. Watkins, B. S., IV, 635. Watford, J. J., I, 119. Watford, Joseph, IV, 368. Watkins, J. M., I, 732. Watkins, T. J., I, 732. Watkins, W. O, II, 224. Watlington, Capt., (54th), III, 267. Watmough, P. G., V, 242. Watson, Alfred A., I, 157, 158; IV, 604. Watson, Andrew, I, 291. Watson, A. O, I, 231, 269. Watson, B., II, 120. Watson, C. A., I, 233. Watson, Cyrus B., Ill, 35, 60; IV, ,258; V, 682. Watson, E. L., Ill, 218. Watson, G. W., Ill, 203. Watson, H. B., Ill, 318. Watson, Israel B., I, 163; IV, 700. Watson Jas. H., Ill, 85, 109; IV, 701. Watson, Jas. F., IV, 608. Watson, Jones M., I, 121. Watson, R..H., I, 233. Watson, Robt. F., II, 538, 539, 578. Watson, Samuel C, II, 539. Watson, T. B., V, 265, 268. Watson, T. C, I, 232. Watson, Thomas, III, 723. Watson, Thomas S., Ill, 19. Watson, William G., IV, 41, 43, 51. Watts, C. L., I, 128. Watts, S. W., I, 446. Watts, w: H., IV, 100. Watts, , IV, 404. Waugh, James B., I, 158. Waugh, W. D., IV, 620. WaynesviUe, III, 761; V, 655. Waxhaw Jackson Guards, II, 303. Wayt, John Henry, I, 77. Weant, M. J., I, 234. Weatherman, H. H., IV, 28. Weatherspoon, S., IV, 701. Weaver, A. W., V, 242, Weaver, B. F., IV, 13. Weaver, D. W., V, 194. Weaver, G. W., II, 539, 562, 578; IV, 467. Weaver, Hal. H., I, 231, 247, 272. Weaver, James T., V, 11. Weaver, P. D., I, 248. Weaver, Thos. J., II, 741; III, 473, 475, 481, 483, 488, 490, 496, 500, 501. Webbr A. C, IV, 38*6. Webb, A. D., II, 64. Webb, A. S., II, 185. Webb, Alex. S., Ill, 22, 24. Webb's Battery, IV, 437, 438. Webb, Franklin, I, 176. Webb, James E., IV, 580. Webb, John C, IV, 354. Webb, John M., IV, 261. Webb, Jos. C, II, 426, 438, 443, 444, 456, 457, 461; III, 378. Webb, J. G., Ill, 348. Webb, Lewis H, II, 184; IV, 341, 355-6; V, 269, 271, 273, 276, 281, 282-3. Webb, R. F., I, 295, 339, 345; IV, 657, 702, 711; V, 581. Webb, Richard G., Ill, 22. Webb, Richard S., IV, 614. Webb, W. A., IV, 733, 734, 743. Webb, Wm. C, II, 676, 678. Webb,. W. J., V, 282. Webb, W. P., Ill, 288. Webb, W. R., I, 735. Webber, J. S., I, 630. Weber, Max., II, 122; V, 50, 51. Wedden, C. S., IV, 14. Weden, Dan, I, 670. Webster, (Capt. U. S. steamer), IV, 740. Webster, John J., Ill, 263. Webster, W. S., II, 304, 306, 396. 852 North Carolina Troops, 1861 -'65. Weir, Andrew, IV, 346. Weir, S. P., II, 439; III, 70, 81; IV, 505. Weir, Wm. M., I, 707. Weisiger, D. A., II, 51, 572; IV, 403. Welborn, Calvin H, II, 166, 178. Welborn, J. H., II, 171. Welborn, L., I, 731. Welborn, R. W., IV, 13. Welch, A. H, III, 747. Welch, A. Lon., IV, 126. Welch, James, IV, 119. Welch, John A., IV, 92. Welch, Julius M., Ill, 730, 733, 743, 747. Welch, Wm. T., Ill, 731, 741, 754. Weldon, V, 68, 269, 273, 274, 275. Weldon Bridge, III, 330. Weldon Road, II, 299, 447, 574, 669; III, 29, 97; V, 207. Welford's Furnace, V, 93. Welles, L. M., I, 630. Wells, A. N, IV, 611. Wells, C. W., Ill, 660. Wells, D. M., Ill, 482. Wells, D. O., I, 486. Wells' Farm, II, 574. Wells, F. S., V, 243. Wells, John C, I, 175. Wells, J. D., Ill, 224. Wells, John K., IV, 25, 28. Wells, O. C, IV, 595. Wells, Robert, IV, 114. Wells, S. W., II, 64. Wells, W. N., V, 245. Welsh, Henry N, IV, 241. Wemyss, Wm. P., I, 119; IV, 296. Werley, G. W., I, 128. Wessels, Henry W., II, 617, 618; V, 190. West, Elic, III, 474, 476. West, George, IV, 376. West, Hezekiah, III, 730; IV, 620. West, James, III, 731. West, Nick W., I, 551, 557. Westall, W. L., IV, 198. West Point, Va., I, 566. West, Speight B., I, 287. West Virginia, IV, 138. West, W. Riley, III, 474, 478, 482, 484. West, Wm. R., IV, 109, 111. "West Woods," III, 129; V, 76. Westmoreland, A. H., Ill, 262. Westmoreland, W. N., Ill, 262. Weston, Jas. A., II, 537, 539, 573, 578, 580; IV, 474; V, 667. Weston, Samuel R., II, 544. Westray, G. W., I, 120; III, 84, 100. Westray, Thomas, III, 84, 103. Wetherington, Roderick, I, 161. Wexler, E. C, II, 730; IV, 612. Whaley, M., II, 538. Wharton's Division, III, 678, 751. Wharton, J. E., Ill, 530, 550. Wharton, R. W., Ill, 703; IV, 225, 242. Wharton, W. D., I, 441; III, 643. Whedbee, Wm. H., V, 282, 283. Whegget, Joseph, I, 233. Wheeler's Battalion, II, 398. See Battalion, Twelfth, ante. Wheeler's Cavalry, I, 60; II, 757; III, 181, 679. Wheeler, C. C, V, 674. Wheeler, G. W., IV, 654. Wheeler, H, III, 347. Wheeler, H. C, IV, 245. Wheeler, James, III, 81. Wheeler, J. H., Jr., (16th), I, 751. Wheeler, J. H, (18th), II,' 668. Wheeler, J. K., IV, 13. Wheeler, O. C, II, 166, 172. Wheeler, Samuel J., Ill, 458; IV, 339. Wheeler, W. H., IV, 245, 252, 259. Wheeler, Woodbury, II, 311, 320; IV, 315, 317, 330. Whisenhundt, J. O, V, 193. Whisnant, Philip S., IV, 131. Whitaker, Cary, I, 78, 119; III, 2, 16. Whitaker, David, 111, 730. General Index. 853 Whitaker, David C, IV, 29. White, O. P., Ill, 82. Whitaker, David M., Ill, 84. White, Robert, HI, t76. Whitaker, J. B„ I, 231; II, 425. White, Sol. H, I, 120; IV, 264. Whitaker, James H, I, 607. White's Tavern, I, 434. Whitaker, James R., I, 585. White, VanBuren, III, 714. Whitaker, John H., I, 418, 420, 424, White, William, I, 106, 128. 445, 485; V, 11, 651. White, Wm., Ill, 482, 488. Whitaker, J. S., I, 120, 123; III, 3. White, Wm. Ed., I, 361; IV, 472, Whitaker, Lt, (U. S.), Ill, 585. 632. Whitaker, M. T., I, 78, 114, 127. White, W. Hargrave, V, 456. Whitaker, Samuel, II, 544. White, W. J., I, 485, 486. Whitaker, Spier, Jr., I, 118, 123; White, W. Lee, ll, 479, 540. II, 537, 578, 579; IV, 474. White, Wm. T., Ill, 484, 492. Whitaker, Stephen, IV, 117, 118, White, Wilson A., ll, 397. 127, 128. White, Wilson S., II, 304, 306. Whitaker, T. L., I, 120. Whitehall, I, 430, 587; II, 101, 513; Whitaker, W. S., Ill, 357. Ill, 263, 472, 553, 554, 594, 636; White, Alexander P., Ill, 314, 393; V, 83, 86-91. V, 191. Whitehead, A. J. M., II, 2. White, A. M., I, 232. Whitehead, D. F., Ill, 22. White, Alonzo, IV, 641. Whitehead, Howell G., Ill, 296. White, Alphonso, V, 282. Whitehead, H. G., IV, 700. White, Bryan, II, 122. Whitehead, Jas. S., V, 12. White, B. F., I, 345; IV, 700; V, Whitehead, James T., 111,287,288. 581. Whitehead, M., IV, 625. White, Charles A., Ill, 704. Whitehurst, H. C, II, 310, 746, 756. White, Capt., (Home Guards), IV, Whitehurst, Jas. J., V, 40, 42, 46. 653. Whitehurst, N. J., I, 137. White, David, II, 743. Whitehurst, Samuel S., II, 80. White, Edward, IV, 482, 492; V, Whitener, P. S., V, 193, 261. 198, 205. Whitfield, A. W., II, 765. White, Edward F., Ill, 704. Whitfield, Bryan F., I, 486. White, Franklin J., Ill, 83; IV, 639. Whitfield, G. F., II, 425, 426, 438, White, George, IV, 556. 442, 443. White, G. R., IV, 41, 48. Whitfield, N. B., I, 159, 162; IV, White, G. W., I, 736. 650. White, Harvey J., Ill, 261. Whitford's Battalion, III, 174; IV, White, Jno., I, 17, 30; V, 359, 453, 270, 338. 456, 459, 460, 471. Whitford, David P., Ill, 704. White, Joseph C., I, 231, 232, 269. Whitford, Edward, III, 703, 705, White, Joseph M., Ill, 710. 706. White, Lorenzo, IV, 641. Whitford, Jno. N, I, 14; II, 340; White, L. M., II, 496, 578. Ill, 703, 707, 708, 710; IV, 81, 338, White, Maj., of Va., Ill, 550. 358, 359, 543; V, 17, 271, 272. White, Moses J., I, 489, 502. Whiting's Brigade, I, 304, 350; IV, White Oak Swamp, I, 305, 434, 470, 441, 750. 617, 668; II, 104, 105, 272; III, 77. Whiting, G. M., Ill, 84; IV, 701. 854 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Whiting, Jasper, I, 350. Whiting, Lt, (U. S.), Ill, 680. * Whiting, W. H. C, I, xi, 299> 530; II, 634-651, 747, 797; 111,-138, 291, 354; IV, 39, 43, 46, 47, 49,- 152, 265, 316, 418, 424, 527; V, xiii, 9, 100, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 233, 234,. 235, 239, 240, 352, 406, 407, 437, 450. Whitley, Augustus, III, 299. Whitley, J. A., V, 110, 669. Whitley, Jesse K., I, 291. Whitley, Jno. W., II, 747. Whitley, M., IV, 91. Whitley, M. L., II, 461. Whitley, N. L., II, 457. Whitley, S. A., II, 458. Whitley, S. B., I, 233. Whitley, Wiley, II, 544. Whitloek, Jackson, III, 482. Whitloek, Logan T, II, 145. Whitmire, G. W., IV, 516, 711. Whitmore, John, I, 120; IV, 342, 346-7. Whitney, John, III, 723. Whitson, Jas. M., I, 387, 397, 405. Whitted, J. M., II, 64. Whitted, W. A., Ill, 296, 302, 307, 312. Whitted, W. D., IV, 138, 634. Whittenberry, J. M., IV, 701. Whittington, B. G., II, 486. Whitty, Jos., II, 508, 512. "Whitworth," (gun), IV, 318. Wiatt, F. L., Ill, 124. Wicker, Jesse J., II, 496, 497. Wiggins, AI., II, 785. Wiggins, A. M. G., IV, 91. Wiggins, Bartimeus, III, 715. Wiggins, O. A., II, 667, 668, 670, 674; V, 16. Wiggins, W. A., IV, 118. Wightman, Garvin, IV, 349. Wightman, Geo. W., I, 118. Wildcats, Pee Dee, II, 304. Wilder, Jesse, III, 457. Wilder, J. D., II, 171. Wilderness, I, 150, 200, 288, 383, 430, 547, 558, 594, 629, 640, 676, 701, 743; II, 74, 120, 381, 385, 447, 479, 502, 569, 588, 665; III, 27, 43, 75, 94, 111, 118, 244, 303, 432, 447, 466, 494, 593; IV, 190, 259, 468, 514, 554; V, 104, 133, 243, 258. Wilfong, Charles, IV, 41. Wilfong, W. M., I, 609, 642. Wiley, Capt, (steamer Ad- Vance), V, 335, 336, 337, 339. Wiley, W. J., Ill, 555, 563, 570, 575, 618; V, 664. Wilcox, Cadmus M., I, 381; II, 45, 47, 48, 172, 568, 665, 668, 693; IV, 194. Wilcox, Daniel, III, 224. Wilcox's Division, I, 682; III, 78, 118, 208, 281; IV, 215, 438. Wilcox, H. H., II, 421. Wilcox, Geo., (26th), II, 352, 371, 374, 397, 420. Wilcox, George, (46th), III, 82. Wilcox, G. W., IV, 387. Wilcox's Landing, III, 609. Wilcox, Robt. M., II, 421. Wilcox, W. M., II, 421. Wilkes Volunteers, II, 303. Wilkins, Lt., (Jas. M. Wilkinson), V, 180, 193. Wilkins, Jack, IV, 153. Wilkins, L. P., Ill, 203. Wilkins, Samuel, III, 161, 203. Wilkins, W. T., IV, 218. Wilkerson, Harris, III, 347. Wilkinson, J. G., V, 194. Wilkinson, John W., IV, 29. Wilkinson, Jno., V, 440, 441 ; V, 355, 397. Wilkinson, Thos. D., Ill, 504. Willard, John A.. II, 538. Williams, A. H. A., Ill, 296. Williams, Arthur B., I, 537; II, 321, 446; III, 382, 399. Williams' Artillery, V, 273. Williams' Battery, |V, 442. General Index. 855 Williams Williams IV, 637 Williams. 714. Williams;Williams IV, 462 WilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliams 228. WilliamsWilliams WilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliams Williams 585. Williams;WilliamsWilliamsWilliamsWilliams IV, 420 Williams Williams Williams Williams 741, 524. Williams Williams Williams WilliamsWilliams Williams B. B., (4th), I, 233. B. B., (Surgeon), II, 582; Benj. B„ (68th), III, "Billy," 111, 281. Buckner D., II, 495, 496; 464.Chas., I, 106, 128. Charles M., Ill, 224. D., II, 770. David, I, 179, 182, 213, Donald, I, 734; IV, 634. Edward H., I, 378. E. H, II, 512, 518. E. J., I, 120. Gay M., I, 728. Gary F., II, 495. Geo., I, 100, 127. Henry, (56th), III, 347. Henry, (61st), III, 504. Henry Clay, I, 291. H. P., I, 233. H. W., I, 291; IV, 632. Isaac, I, 292. James, Jr., Ill, 686. James F., II, 80. James W., (11th), I, 121, James W., (8th), I, 387. Jacob, I, 176. Jacob E., II, 89. Jesse P., (66th), III, 686, Jesse P., (Engineers), Jno., II, 746. Jno. A., II, 269, 271. John R., Ill, 315; V, 191. John S., Ill, 739, 740, John T., IV, 702. Jno. W., II, 540. J. B., IV, 40. J. C, II, 512. J. D., I, 136. J. E., IV, 701. Williams, J. Marshall, I, 120, 123; III, 267, 273, 280, 284. Williams, J. M., IV, 66, 97, 643. Williams, J. P., Ill, 287. Williams, J. R., I, 232. Williams, J. T., V, 194. Williams, J. W., II, 484. Williams, L., Ill, 347. Williams, Lewis S., I, 77, 113, 125. Williams, M. M., Ill, 458. Williams, Oliver, II, 118, 119, 120, 125, 127. Williams, Orrin, I, 158, 159. Williams, R. L., I, 631, 642. Williams, Robert, (2d), I, 176. Williams, Robert, (Purser), V, 371, 379, 410. Williams, R. S., I, 653, 662. Williams, Samuel V., Ill, 23. Williams, Sol., I, 424, 606, 609; II, 83, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93; III, 2, 9, 532; IV, 244, 253; V, 10. Williams, Stephen, I, 159. Williams, Thomas H, III, 2, 3. Williams, T. W., II, 540, 578. Williams, William, (5th), I, 292. Williams, William, (68th), III, 723. Williams, W. A., I, 292. Williams, W. B., Ill, 1, 3. Williams, W. B. W., I, 555. Williams, W. D., II, 485. Williams, W. G., II, 512; III, 685, 690. Williams, W. H, 111, 296. Williams, W. H., IV, 701. Williams, Wilson H., Ill, 287, 289, 290, 296; IV, 701. Williams, W. J., Ill, 686. Williams, William R., II, 137, 485, III, 2; IV, 11, 27, 20. Williams, W. T., I. 607; ll, 521, 522; III, 281; IV, 224. Williams, Willis, III, 723. Williams, Z. T., IV, 245. Williamsburg, I, 235, 283, 552, 655, 610, 691, 710; II, 197, 294. Williamsport, IV, 182. 856 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Williamson, Alonzo, II, 114. Wilson, James, (60th), III, 482. Williamson, B. P., IV, 245. Wilson, James, (79th), IV, 111. Williamson, B. R., IV, 245. Wilson, James, (sailor), V, 329. Williamson, Edward, III, 686. Wilson, James A., Ill, 317. Williamson, George, (8th), I, 387; Wilson, John, I, 583, 587. IV, 249. Wilson, John, Jr., IV, 579, 633, 763, Williamson, George, (47th), III, 85. 764. Williamson, Jas. A., II, 770. Wilson, Jno. F., 675; II, 675, 678, Williamson, J. W., I, 136. 679. Williamson, M. T., I, 233, 271. Wilson, Jos. H, I, 121: II, 791, 807. Williamson, R. A., IV, 107. Wilson, Joseph J., II, 186. Williamson, T. G., I, 378. Wilson, J. J., II, 118. Williamson, W. R., II, 114. Wilson, J., Ill, 482. Williamston, IV, 82; V, 7. Wilson, J. M., IV, 462. Williford, B. B., II, 496. Wilson, J. T., II, 694. Williford, Wm., II, 538. Wilson, James W., I, 296; III, Williford, W. C, II, 642; V, 229. 125; V, 651. Williford, W. J., II, 791, 807. Wilson Light Infantry, II, 425. Willington, Billy, V, 445. Wilson, N. O, V, 194. Willis' Church, I, 420. Wilson's Raid, I, 467; III, 611. Willis, R. L., I, 291. Wilson, R. E., II, 145; IV, 225, 236, Willis, Wm. B., V, 41, 43, 46, 47. 242. Willoughby Run, III, 236; V, 118. Wilson, R. M., Ill, 516; IV, 701. Willoughby, Joseph, III, 715. Wilson, S. M., Ill, 482. Wills' Farm, I, 384. Wilson, S. N., II, 581. Wills, G. W., I, 121; III, 3. Wilson, Stephen P., Ill, 457. Wilmington, I, 411, 528; II, 513, Wilson, Thomas H., Ill, 482. 631, 634, 650, 651, 802; III, 615; Wilson, T. W., II, 185. IV, 108, 244, 265, 267, 330, 428; Wilson's Wharf, III, 604. V, 217, 221-3, 240, 354. Wilson, Wm., II, 303, 315, 318, 330, Wilmington Light Infantry, V, 27, 371, 372, 396, 397, 399, 403. 28. Wilson, William J., Ill, 516; IV, Wilmington, People of, V, 23, 24. 701, 711. Wilmington, Retreat from, III, 696. Wilson, William S., Ill, 296. Wilmington Rifle Guards, V, 27. Wilson, W. C, II, 791, 795. Wilmington & Weldon R. R., Ill, Wilson, W. R., II, 269, 271; IV, 129, 213; IV, 88, 325, 326. 635, 644. Wilson, B. Franklin, I, 120; II, 791, Wimbish, J., IV, 650. 792. Winborne, Calvin H, II, 172. Wilson, Charles R., Ill, 315, 339, Winborne, Jesse, II, 772, 775. 347, 356, 393; V, 180. Winborne, John Q., Ill, 84. Wilson, E. A., IV, 620. Winbourne, R, W., II, 166, 172. Wilson's Farm, I, 436; II, 105; III, Winder, Chas., I, 140. 472; V, 674. Winder, John C, IV, 413, 416, 419, Wilson, F. C, II, 118. 425, 428. Wilson, F. R., Ill, 482. Winding Stairs, IV, 372. Wilson, G. W., IV, 612. Windley, Robt, II, 747. General Index. 857 Windley, William, III, 723. Wishart, Wellington, III, 80. Winchester, I, 147, 154, 173, 194, Wiswall, Howard, II, 2. 207, 261, 310, 326, 645, 672, 728; Witherspoon, Hiram, I, 361. II, 123, 130, 250, 475, 532; III, 14, Witherspoon, J. G., II, 496. 256, 259, 270, 279, 420, 753; IV, Witherington, I. K., Ill, 686. 228, 523. Witherington, Stephen, III, 145. Winchester, John R., Ill, 123. Withers, Benton, I, 673, 674, 679, Winchester, W. H, I, 655, 671, 680. 672. Withers, E. B., I, 693, 702. Winecoff, Frank, IV, 28. Wolf, Martin M., II, 166. Winecoff, Mack, I, 382. Wolf, W. O, III, 357. Wingfield, R. T., IV, 634. Womack, Jefferson, 111, 507. Wingfield, Dr., I, 282; IV, 632. Womble, John T., Ill, 85. Winkler, Joseph, V, 603. Wood, Ben., V, 243, 245. Winningham, E. H., II, 165, 166. Wood, Capt., (Home Guards), IV, Winslow, (steamer), V, 39, 51, 299, 653. 300, 301, 303, 304, 312. Wood, Capt., of Va., IV, 521. Winslow, Warren, V, 299, 302. Wood, Frank H., IV, 609. Winstead, J. B., Ill, 83; IV, 639. Wood, F. D., IV, 215, 216. Winstead, K. H., II, 89. Wood, Furney, Ml, 367. Winstead, W. E., I, 233. Wood, G. H, V, 245. Winston, B. H., Ill, 296; IV, 701. Wood, Henry, III, 587. Winston, Duncan C, I, 584. Wood, Henry S., IV, 245. Winston, Jno. R., Ill, 36, 37, 55; Wood, James A., IV, 460. IV, 691, 711; V, 254, 255. Wood, Jas. H, I, 230, 231, 244, Winston, P. H., I, 20, 45. 256, 260, 267, 275, 495; V, 9. Winter's Gap, IV, 273. Wood, J. B., V, 245. Wisconsin Seventh Regiment, V, Wood, Jno. Taylor, V, 326, 328, 611. 329, 331, 332, 333; V, 438, 440. Wise's Brigade, III, 212; IV, 86, Wood, Spier, I, 734. 494. Wood, Thos. F., I, 213; IV, 632. • Wise's Forks, I, 411; III, 554, 697, Wood, Wm. A., I, 230, 270; IV, 722, 726; IV, 312. 605, 607. Wise, H. A., II, 270, 508, 509, 510; Wood, W. R., I, 418, 485, 486. Ill, 163; IV, 87, 244, 246, 247; V, Wood, , (15th Batt), IV, 368. 57-9, 66. Woodall, Ira T., II, 270, 272. Wise, J. J., Ml, 432. Woodall, M. J., II, 396, 397, 421. Wise's Legion, IV, 244; V, 61, 63, Woodard, James S., Ill, 2. 65, 66, 627. Woodard, Jesse F., I, 561, 562, 576, Wise, M. M., IV, 365. 580. Wise, William B., II, 2. Woodburn, D. P., II, 690. Wiseman, A. N, I, 234, 272; V, 664. Woodburn, T. M., IV, 99. Wiseman, Alfred W., IV, 472, 632. Woodcock, H. M., II, 64. Wiseman, J. W., 11,789, 805; IV, 638.Woodfin's Battalion, IV, 109, 363. Wiseman, Martin, III, 432. Woodfin, John W., I, 486; II, 79, Wiseman, W. H., Ill, 435. 81; 111, 664; IV, 109, 110, 112; V, Wishart, Frank M., Ill, 76, 80. 12. 858 North Carolina Troops, 1861-65. Woodfin, Nicholas, II, 722. Woodley, V, 35. Woodruff, R. W., IV, 242. Woodruff, W. E., I, 734. Woods, John F, III, 224. Woods, S. K., II, 462. Woods, Wm. G., IV, 700. Woods, W. D., II, 462. Woodward, B. W., Ill, 660. Woodward, C. W. W., II, 497. Woodward, Jas. F., IV, 296. Woodward, N. W., Ill, 660. Woodward, Wm. J., IV, 299. Woody, James, III, 482. Woody, Jno., Ill, 662. Wooten, Council, III, 698. Wooten, Edw. W., II, 747. Wooten, Jno. W., II, 540, 576, 578. Wooten, Robt., 11, 540, 578. Wooten, Shade, II, 448, 457. Wooten, Thos. J., II, 42, 59, 60, 63, 175, 481, 669; IV, 473, 476, 478. Wooten, W. F., II, 425, 426. Wootten, W. O., I, 233, 270. Workman, L. H, IV, 702. Workman, S. H., Ill, 23. Works on Blockade Running, V, 414, 416. Worley, Curtis, II, 462. Worley, G. W., I, 121. Wooster, J. L., I, 137. Worth, (Adjt. 19th), II, 101. Worth, John M., V, 677. Worth, J. W., IV, 28. Worth, Shubal G., II, 162, 163, 165, 166; IV, 650. Worth, Jonathan, V, 455. Wortham, George, I, 124, 607; III, 161, 198, 202; IV, 527; V, 26. Wounding of Jackson, V, 97. Wray, Thos. H., II, 507, 512. Wrenshall, Chas. C, I, 551, 552. Wright, Aaron, IV, 113. Wright, A. D„ II, 790, 805. Wright, Adam Empie, IV, 630. Wright, A. R., V, 55, 56. Wright's Battalion, I, 13; IV, 270, 302. Wright, Clement G., Ill, 685, 689, 696; IV, 270, 538; V, 11, 651. Wright, James A., I, 137, 139. Wright, John C, (46th), III, 82. Wright, John C, (Bethel Regt.), I, 128. Wright, Jno. T., IV, 107. Wright, J. G., I, 137. Wright, J. M., Ill, 457. Wright, J. W., IV, 700. Wright, M. M., V, 194. Wright, Samuel O, III, 474, 475, 482. Wright Samuel F., II, 183. Wright, S. J., IV, 701. Wright, T. W., Ill, 66. Wright, Wm. W., II, 466. Wrightsville, IV, 221. Wyatt, Andrew, II, 400. Wyatt, Eli, I, 572. Wyatt, Henry L., I, 100, 127, 128; II, 17; V, 577. Wylie, Capt., (Ad-Vance), V, 341, 361, 379, 471. Wynn, Cope, HI, 587. Wynn, James M., II, 80, 89, 99. Wynn, John, I, 137. Wynn's Battalion, I, 52; IV, 365. Sec Battalion Fifteenth, ante. Wynns, James M., IV, 365. Wynns, J. M., V, 651. Wyrick, Geo., V, 194. Wyson, J. P., V, 195. Yadkin, (gun-boat), V, 298. Yancey, George H., I, 486. Yancey, George W., IV, 38, 48. Yancey, John, IV, 636. Yandle, A. F., II, 669. Yarborough, David, III, 23. Yarborough, J. J., V, 193. Yarborough, Richard F., Ill, 85. Yarborough, W. H., I, 733, 736. Yarrington, J. B., IV, 711. Yates, Edwin A., 1, 77; IV, 604. General Index. 859 Yeates, Jesse Johnston, 1 1, 507. Yellowley, Edward C, I, 388; III, 708, 713, 719, 721, 726; V, 55, 56, 651. Yellow Tavern, I, 429; 111, 598. Yelton, J. W., II, 64. Yelverton, Wyatt E., I, 159, 160. Yelvington, R. H., Ill, 203. Yodel, O. A., II, 483. Yoder, Geo. M., II, 677. Yon, M. C, III, 119. Yopp, Lt, , III, 219. York, R. W., I, 296. York, W. O, IV, 387. Yorktown, 1, 282, 690; V, 664. Young, A. J., V, 193. Young, B. F., IV, 386. Young, Daniel A., IV, 330, 334. Young, David M., II, 486. Young, G. W., V, 243. Young, H. H., I, 176. Young, Isaac J., II, 185, 186, 189, 209, 211, 215, 216. Young, Jas. M., I, 120, 128, 585, 603. Young, J. W. O, III, 288. Young, John, (38th), II, 681. Young, John Augustus, I, 230, 235, 241, 266; V, 676. Young, John D., II, 174. Young, John G., I, 230, 271. Young, John P., I, 369, 377; IV, 467; V, 646. Young, Jos. J., II, 30C, 322, 326, 357, 370, 395, 408, 414; V, 600. Young, Julius M., II, 291. Young, Lenoir R., Ill, 754; IV, 118. Young, Louis G., II, 408; III, 21; IV, 556, 502, 567; V, 95, 132, 2C9. Young, P. M. B., IV, 582. Young, Peter W., II, 676; IV, 637. Young, Robt. S., I, 361, 367; IV, 472. Young, R. W., I, 606, 633. Young, S. A., IV, 329. Young, Samuel, IV, 245, 643. Young, Samuel M., I, 586. Young, S. P., Ill, 482. Young, Thos. J., II, 292. Young, William, I, 291. Young, William H., Ill, 288; IV, 701, 712. Young, Wilton L., I, 736; IV, 317; 329, 418, 419. Young, W. R., I, 736; IV, 701, 712. Young's Battalion, II, 757. Youngblood, Thos. R., 1 1 1, 202, 203. Yount, J. A., II, 678. Yount, McD., II, 675, 678. Younts, Charles W II, 119. Zeke's Island, II, 631, 633. Ziglar, Joshua D., II, 166. Ziglar, Sam'l B., II, 166. Zimmerman, Israel, V, 603. "Zouaves," The, V, 584. YALE UNIVERSITY L 3 9002 08725 9884