YALE
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

A

GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY,

OR

UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,

ANCIENT AND MODERN.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. I.

BY J. E. WORCESTER, A. M.

SECOND EDITION.

BOSTON :
PUBLISHED BY CUMMINGS & HILLIARD, NO. 1 CORNHILL.

University Press— Hilliard ft Metcalf.
.1823.

DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT :
District Clerk's Office.
BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the twenty-eighth day of July, A. D. 1817, and in the forty
second year of the independence of the United States of America, J. E. Worcester, of the
said district, has deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as author,
in the words following, to wit: — A Geographical Dictionary, or Universal Gazetteer ; ancient
and modern. In two volumes. By J. E. Worcester, A. M. In conformity to the act of the
congress of the United States, entitled, " An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing
the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the author and proprietor of such copies, during the
times therein mentioned ;" and also to an act, entitled, " An act supplementary to an act, en
titled, An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books,
to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned ; and extending
the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etching historical and other prints."
JNO. W. DAVIS, Clerk of the District of Massachusetts.
Ell. if 13

PREFACE
TO THE SECOND EDITION.

At the time when the first edition of this Gazetteer was prepared, the
author was not in possession of such materials as enabled him to execute it in
a manner satisfactory to himself. It was, however, received with a greater
degree of indulgence than he was authorized to expect. Since that time
his attention has been directed towards its improvement, and the state in
which it now appears, will, as he hopes, be found legs unworthy of the public
approbation. Having possessed himself of various sources of information, he
has gone through a laborious revision of the whole, has written anew almost all
the principal articles, and given to the work a more regular and systematic
form. A great mass of new and important matter has been incorporated, care
ful attention has been paid to the present political divisions of the globe, and
the population and statistics of the different parts have been given from the
most recent and authentic sources. The object has been to collect a complete
body of geographical and statistical knowledge, and to digest it in the most
concise and convenient form. The quantity of matter comprised in the present
edition, is much greater than in proportion to the increased size of the book.
This has been effected in part by using a type a little smaller than the one on
which the first edition was printed, and in part by improving upon the plan of
condensation, and excluding every thing superfluous. Much information is given
in a tabular form in the body of the work, as well as in the Appendix at the •
end. Care has been taken to render the work useful to different descrip
tions of persons, the merchant, the scholar, and the general reader. Partic
ular attention has been bestowed on the commercial products and resources
of different countries, the political condition, state of society, and religion ; also

IV PREFACE.
upon literary institutions, missionary stations, and objects of interesting inquiry
and curiosity, both natural and artificial.
It would be unnecessary, if it were possible, to specify all the sources
from which information has been derived. It may not, however, be improper
to mention some of the principal ones. The two works of similar design, which
have contributed chiefly to the improvement of this, are the Edinburgh Gazet
teer, completed in 1822, and Hassel's " Geographisch-statistisches Handworter-
buch," published at Weimar in 1817. Both of these are very valuable works,
abounding in recent geographical and statistical information. The geography
of the United States has been improved by the use of various recent publica
tions and documents, and particularly by an extensive correspondence with the
different parts of the country. The late census has been incorporated ; and in
cases in which the population is stated without date, it is to be understood as
given according to the census of 1820. Among the sources from which infor
mation has been derived respecting South America, are the publications of
Bonycastle, Mawe, and Brackenridge, and the documents furnished to the
government of the United States by the commissioners of 1817. In giving the
statistics of Sweden and Norway, use has been made ofDjurberg's Geographic
al Dictionary of Scandinavia, published in Stockholm, in 1818, and of Hagel-
stam's Geographical and Statistical map of Sweden and Norway, published in
1820. Among the works made use of with regard to France, is the geography
of that country by Mentelle, published in Paris in 1821. From Picot's Statis
tics of Switzerland, published at Geneva, in 1819, information has been derived
respecting that country. In improving the notices of the articles pertaining to
Great Britain, the Edinburgh Gazetteer has furnished the principal materials ; it
has also been of great use with regard to the rest of Europe, and the other, parts
of the globe. The works of Hassel, Liechtenstern, and Cannabich have fur
nished much information respecting Europe, and particularly Germany. Hassel
and also Malte-Brun have been of much use with regard to other parts. In
addition to the works above enumerated, recourse has been had to books of
travels and various other sources. In cases in which the information is doubtful,
or the statements differ, the authorities relied upon are frequently given.
Ancient and sacred geography have been attended to with care, though
they are treated of in a very concise manner. With regard to ancient geogra
phy, the learned D'Anville has been followed as the principal guide, though
various other authorities have been consulted. It is well known that in many

PREFACE. V
instances it is impossible to determine with certainty what ancient names
correspond to the modern. But the conciseness of the plan has precluded
discussion in such cases. The result, therefore, of the inquiries of learned
men has been adopted, without specifying the uncertainties wife which it is
attended, or the reasons upon which it is founded.
A work of this kind must necessarily be defective, even if the best possible
use were made of all the materials extant. But in a design embracing such a
variety and multiplicity of detail, there will be many errors and defects, that
must be attributed to inadvertance. The author is aware that this Gazetteer
admits of great improvement. Imperfect, however, as it is, it has cost him no
small labour ; and it has been his endeavour to render it useful and acceptable
to the public. He has abundant reason to be satisfied with the manner in which
it has heretofore been received, and he cherishes the hope, that in its present
state, it will be found to carry with it such marks of his industry and fidelity,
as will secure to him a continuance of the public favour.
Cambridge, December 20, 1822.

EXPLANATION

OF THE ABBREVIATIONS MADE USE OF IN THIS WORK,

Abp. see,

an archbishop's see.

N.J.

New Jersey.

an.

ancient.

N.Y.

New York.

A. Turkey,

Asiatic Turkey.

Neth.

Netherlands.

Aust.

Austria or Austrian.

No.

number.

Bav.

Bavaria.

N. P. ocean,

North Pacific ocean.

Bp.

a bishop's see.

Pa.

Pennsylvania.

bor.

borough.

p-t.

post town.

cap.

capital.

p-v.

post village.

Cath.

Catholic.

pr.

province.

chh.

churches.

Pop.

population.

CO.

county.

Prot.

Protestant.

Ct.

Connecticut.

Pru.

Prussia or Prussian.

circ.

circumference.

P. ocean,

Pacific ocean.

dep.

department.

r.

river.

Eng.

England.

R.I.

Rhode Island.

Eu. Turkey,

European Turkey.

Rus.

Russia or Russian.

Ger.

Germany.

Ref.

Reformed.

H.

houses.

Sax.

Saxony.

Han.

Hanover.

S. A.

South America.

Hind.

Hindoostan.

S. c.

South Carolina.

inh.

inhabitants.

S. P. ocean,

South Pacific ocean

isl.

island.

Scot.

Scotland.

km.

kingdom.

Switz.

Switzerland.

Ken.

Kentucky.

Sq. m.

square miles.

Luth.

Lutheran.

s-p.

seaport town.

m.

miles.

Ten.

Tennessee.

Mass.

Mass.

t.

town or township.

mt.

mountain.

U. S.

United States.

Md.

Maryland.

Va.

Virginia.

N.A.

North America.

v.

village.

N.H.

New Hampshire.

Vt.

Vermont.

N. C.

North Carolina.

Wurt.

Wurtemberg.

EXPLANATIONS.

] . The longitude is reckoned from Greenwich, in England.
2. Distances are always expressed in miles, except when mentioned other
wise, and after figures expressing distance, miles is understood. In the United
States and Great Britain, the miles made use of are statute miles, 69A to a
degree.

Vlll EXPLANATIONS.

3. In this work the Capes are enumerated in a body together, in alpha
betical order, under the letter C. ; as Cape Horn. The names beginning with
St. will be also found together, in alphabetical order, under the letter S.
4. Many words begin sometimes with C and sometimes with K, and when
not found under the one letter, may be sought for under the other. The same
may be observed with regard to words beginning with Sch or Sh; Teh, Tsck,
Cs or Cz.
5. The distances of all the post towns in the United States, from the city of
Washington, are expressed by W. followed by the figures denoting the number
of miles. For example, under the article Boston, W. 436 denotes that Boston
is 436 miles from the city of Washington, by the course in which the mail is
carried. These distances are given according to the official statement from the
General Post Office, and it may be observed that the mail is not uniformly car
ried frop the city of Washington by the nearest distance that may be travelled.
6. The abbreviation t. as it respects this country, isused for town or township.
In the Northern States every county is divided into townships, generally from 4 to
6 milessquare. These townships are incorporated with certain rights and privileges,
and are usually called towns. They are often divided into parishes, which is
an ecclesiastical division. In New England the principal village almost always
takes the name of the township in which it is situated. In the state of New
York villages have frequently an incorporation distinct from that of the town
ship in which they are found, sometimes taking the same name, and some
times a different one. In the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and
Indiana, the towns or villages commonly take different names from the town
ships in which they are situated.
7. In the states south of Pennsylvania and the river Ohio, no such subdi
vision, as that of townships, is in use. In these states a town does not neces
sarily denote an incorporated district ; but any collection of houses, few or
many, is denominated a town. In the Southern States post offices are frequently
designated by local names, when there are not more than two or three houses,
and sometimes only a single house. These are usually designated in this work
by the abbreviation p-v.

UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER.

AA
A3, r. Switz., which rises near Gruningen
ami runs into the Greiffensee lake.
Aa, r. Switz., which rises near the abby of
Engelberg,in Underwalden, and runs into the
lake of the Four Cantons, 2 NE. Stantz.
Aa, r. Switz., which rises in a mountain
NW. Lucerne, takes a northern direction,
forming two small lakes, and loses itself in
the Aar, 3 SW. Brag.
Aa, r. France, which rises near Bourthe,
in Straits-of-Calais, passes by St. Omer, after
which it divides into three branches, the
middle one of which preserves its name, and
falls into the sea below Gravelines ; that
which runs to the left falls into the ''canal of
Calais ; the other to the right is called the
Colme, and empties itself into the Canal of
Dunkirk and Mardick.
Aa, r. Brabant, which joins the Dommel, at
Bois le Due.
Aa, r. Russia, which runs into the Baltic,
near Riga.
Aa, or Steenwyckisr Aa, r. which rises in
Overissel, and passing by Steenwycker di
vides into two branches, the S. called the
Old Aa, the other on the N. called the Mew
Diep, or JVew Ditch ; both of these streams run
into the Gieter lake, Whieh discharges itself
into the Zuyder sea, near Blockzyl.
Aa, or Walt Aa, or Hawelte Aa, rises in
Overissel, and runs into the Vecht, at Swarts-
uys. Aa, Mussel Aa, } Both these rivers rise in
Ruten Aa, ] the marsh of Bourtang, in
Overissel, on the borders of Munster; after
a separate course of about 16 miles they unite
in one stream, which takes the name of Wes-
terwold Aa, about 5 S. Winschotten, in Gro-
ningen : the Westerwold loses itself in the
Dollart bay.
Aa, Vellicer Aa, r. which rises near Velen
and runs into the Issel, between Anholt and
Ulst, in Zutphen. •
Aa, r. Saxony, which passes by Juterbock,
and flows into the lake of Blanken.
Aa, r. Westphalia, in the county of Lippe,
which runs into the Wehr, near Herford.
Aa, r. Westphalia, which joins the Vecht ;
another which joins the Ems.
Aa, r. Courland, in Semigalia, which runs
into the Gulf of Riga.
¦flobenrade, see Apenrade. I

AA
Aachj t. Baden, situated on a sharp rock
near the river of the same name ; 32 NW.
Constance. Lon. 8. 40. E. Lat. 47. 55. N.
Pop. 506.
Aach, r. Baden, which rises near Aach, and
loses itself in the lake of Zell, 3 SW. Ra-
dolfszell. Aachj r. Wurt., which runs into the Danube
at Ulm.
Aachen, see Aix-la-Chapelle.
Aadeneh, t. Syria, in the pachalic of Alep
po ; 32 NE. Aleppo.
Aador, r. Africa, in Fez, which runs into
the Seboo, 30 ENE. Marmora.
Aag-Holm, i. e. Aag Island, small isl. on
the coast of Norway. Lat. 53. N.
Aaggi-Dagi, see Aggi-Daghi.
Aahus, or Ahaus, t. Pru. Westphalia, in
Munster, on the river Aa ; 32 NW. Munster.
Lon. 6. 57. E. Lat. 52. 9. N. Pop. 1,599.
It is the capital of a county and the seat of
the court of Salm-Kirburg. The county con
tains 6 towns and 40,843 inhabitants.
Aakirke, t. Denmark, in the isl. of Born-
holm; in it is a tribunal of justice. Pop. 455.
Aaland, see Aland.
Aalborg, or Alburg, one of 4 bishoprics
into which N. Jutland is divided, compris
ing the most northern part of the peninsula,
and separated from the other bishoprics by
the gulf of Lymfiord. It is divided into 3 dis
tricts, Aalborg, Hiorring, and Tysted. Sq. m.
2,580. Pop. in 1769, 80,882; in 1817, stated
at 121,000.
Aalborg, t. Denmark, capital of the above
bishopric ; on S. side of the Lymfiord gulf, 10
miles from the Cattegat ; 30 N. Wiborg. Lon.
9. 46. E. Lat. 57. 3. N. Pop. 4,866. H. 831.
Bp. see. It is an old town, has a deep and
safe harbour, but of difficult entrance, carries
on a good trade in corn, herrings, he, and
has some manufactures.
Aalburg, large v. Holland, district of Heus-
den, not far from the Meuse.
Aalen, t. Wurt., capital of a district, in a.
valley on the river Kocher ; 40 NW. Augs
burg. Lon. 9. 8. E. Lat. 48. 44. N. Pop.
2,099. It was formerly imperial. '
Aalfeldt, see Alfeld.
Aals, or Als, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, 64
NW. Christiania.
Aalsmeer, t. Holland, district of Amster
dam. Pop. 1,811.

AAR

U

ABA

jiahl, see Alost.
Aalten, t. Dutch Guelderland, on the bor
ders of Munster. Pop. 3,520.
Aama, pr. Barbary, Africa.
Aamara, s-p. Africa, in Barca ; 14 S. Cape
Locca, 60 SE. Tabarca.
Aar,r. Ger., which runs into the Rhine.
opposite Lintz.
Aar, r. Switz., which rises in the Alps not
far from the source of the Rhine, and after
passing through the lakes of Brientz and
Thun, runs into the Rhine, near Zurzacb.
Aar, small island in the Baltic.
Aar, or Aarroe ; see Aaroe.
Aara, t. Arabia, Hedjas ; 25 SW. Madian.
Aarassus, t. Pisidia, Asia.
Aarau, see Araw.
Aaraban, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the
Khabur; 18 SE. Ras-ain ; 53 ENE. Racca.
Lon. 40. E. Lat. 36. 21. N.
Aarberg, or Arberg, t. Switz., in Berne, on
an island formed by the Aar; 12 NW. Berne.
Lon. 7. 10. E. Lat. 47. 2. N. Pop. 300. This
town with its environs forms a bailiwick,
which yet preserves the title of Comte.
Aarburg. or Arburg, t. Switz., in Aargau, on
the Aar; 27 NNE. Berne. Lon. 7. 52. E.
Lat. 47, 17. N. It is defended by a castle.
Aardelsfiord, gulf on W. coast of Norway,
in Stavanger, and a little N. of that town.
It is sometimes called Buckenfiord.
Aardenburg, see Ardenburg.
Aaret, t. Norway ; 8 S. Stavanger.
Aargau, Argow, or Argovia, canton, Switz.,
bounded N. by the Rhine, E. by Zurich and
Zug, S. by Zug, Lucerne, and Berne, and
W. by Bale and Soleure. It is divided into
11 districts. Araw is the capital. It formerly
formed a part of the canton of Berne. The
districts of Baden and Frichthal were added
to it in 1803. It takes its name from the river
Aar, which flows through it. It is a fruitful
country, and has considerable manufactures.
Sq. m. 763. Population according to Hassel,
134,444; according to Cannabich 143,096; Re
formed 75,279, Catholics 67,000, Jews 1,681.
Aarhuus, one of the 4 bishoprics of N. Jut
land, extending from the Cattegat to the
bishopric of Wiborg ; 65 miles long, and 35
broad, containing 5 towns. Sq. m. 2,480.
Pop. 136,230. It is divided into 2 districts,
Aarhuus .and Randers.
Aarhuus, t. Denmark, capital of the above
bishopric; 48 S. Aalborg. Lon. 10. 13. E.
Lat. 56. 10. N. Pop. 4,052. H. 690. Bp. see.
It is situated on a level between the sea and
a lake, which are connected by a canal run
ning through the town. It contains a free
cathedral school with 6 classes, and has a
good trade; the chief export is corn.
Aaroe, small isl. Denmark, in the Little
Belt, between Funen and Sleswick, with a
town. Lon. 9. 45. E. Lat. 55. 16. N.
Aaron, small isl. or peninsula, on NW.
coast of France, on which the town of St.
Malo is built.
Aaron, t. France, in Mayenne, containing
200 houses, and extensive iron works.
Aaronsburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa., near Elk
Creek ; 40 WNW. Sunbuiy, 160 WNW. Phil
adelphia. W. 204.

Aarvangen, see Ar-wangen.
Aas, fortress of Norway, in AggerhuUSr
20 WSW. Christiansand.
Aasar, an. t. Palestine ; S. Azotus.
Aasi, or Assi, see Orontes.
Aatas, t. Turkestan ; 65 SE. Andegan.
Aatter, district, Arabia, in Yemen, about
the 18th degree N. Lat.
Aasy, t. France, in Aisne ; 4 SW. Chateau
Thierry. H. 110.
Aba, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 6 SSE. Nangasaki.
Aba, mt. Armenia, whence the rivers Eu
phrates and Araxes take their rise.
Aba, or Abm, an. t. Phdcis, famous for the
oracle of Apollo.
Abaca, one of the Philippine Islands.
Abacmna, t. Media, and another in Caria.
Abacmnum, an. t. Sicily, near Tripi.
Aba-Cariman, t. Abyssinia; 50 ESE. Sire.
Abach, t. Bavaria, in Regen, near the Dan
ube ; 7 SSW. Ratisbon. Lon. 11. 57. E. Lat.
48. 52. N. Pop. 508. Here is a medicinal
spring, the waters of which have the smell
and taste of rotten eggs.
Abaco, or Lucayoneque, one of the Baha
ma islands, about 70 miles long, and from 3
to 10 broad. The Hole in the Wall, or Hole
in the Rock is a remarkable object on the
south point of the island, and is a noted mark
for seamen. It is in Lon. 77. 16. W. Lat.
25. 54. N.
Abacoachee, see Coosa.
Abadan, t. Arabian Irak, near the Schat al
Arab, at its entrance into the Persian gulf,
40 ESE. Bassora.
Abade, see Shek Abode.
Abadeh, t. Persia, in Fars. Lat. 31. 10. N.
Pop. 5,000. It is surrounded by walls, which
are in a state of decay, and is defended by a
fort. Abafacem, t. Abyssinia; 30 E. Axum.
AJialianer, countiy, Tartaiy, inhabited by
the Monguls, near the Chinese wall.
Abaliai, countiy, Chinese Tartary, contain
ing two standards, which encamp round some
lakes. Lon. 115 E. Lat. 44. N.
Abai, t. on NW. coast of Borneo. Lon.
116. 28. E. Lat. 6.20. N.
Abaite, r. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, which
flows east, and falls into the Rio Francisco.
It is remarkable for having produced the
largest diamond ever found in Brazil.
Abak, r. Russia, which joins the Ischim, at
Abatzkaia. Abakan, r. which rises in the mountains
between China and Russia, and joins the
Enisei, 16 S. Abakansk.
Abakansk, t. Russia, in Kolivan, on the
Abakan ; 340 E. Kolivan, 792 ESE. Tobolsk.
Lon. 91. 14. E. Lat. 54 N. Pop. 1,250. It
is defended by cannon and has always a gar
rison. Aballaba, now Appleby.
Aballo, now Avalon.
Abalak, t. Russia, 16 S. Tobolsk, faraoMS
for a picture of the Virgin Maiy; much re
sorted to by pilgrims.
Aban, t. Persia, in Kerman ; 65 N. Sirgian.
Abana, now Barady.
Abancay, r.JPeru, which runs into the Ma-

ABB

ABD

ragnon, about 20 m. above its' junction with
the Apurimac, Lon. 73. 14. W. Lat. 12. 8. S.
Abanca, or Abancayo, t. Peru, on the Ab
ancay, and principal place of a jurisdiction ;
in a countiy fertile, and abundant in mines.
90 NW. Cusco. Lat. 11. 50. S.
Abancourt, t. France, North ; 3 N. Cambray.
Abanga, t. Africa, in Whidah ; 22 W. Sabi.
Abanjwar, or Abawiwar, or Aba-Ujvar, co.
Upper-Hungary, which takes its name from
a castle about 16 miles from Caschau, the
chief town. Pop. 157,587. Sq. m. 1,346.
Abano, (an. Aponum,) t. Aust. Italy, in Pa
dua ; celebrated for its warm baths, 5 SSW.
Padua. Pop. 2,000.
Abara, t. Armenia. Lon. 46. 15. E. Lat.
39. 45. N.
Abaraner, or Abrener, t. Persian Armenia ;
25 E. Nacsivan.
Abarcal, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 15 WNW.
Larhego. Abarim, ridge of mountains, Palestine, on
E. side of the Jordan. See Nebo.
Abarnus, an. city and county of Pariana.
Abort/, small r. Guiana, which flows into
the Atlantic, on W. side of Berbice.
Abas-abad, see Abbas-abad.
Abasa, or Absa, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ;
15 SSE. Adrianople.
Abascia, or Abasa, or Abghas, country, Asia,
bounded N. by Circassia, from which it is
separated by a branch of Mount Caucasus,
E. by Mingrelia, and elsewhere by the Black
Sea; about 120 m. in length, and 40 in
breadth. The manners of the people are
rude and barbarous. Vessels trade there for
skins, slaves, and honey. There are several
seaports. Anakopia is the chief town. Pop.
estimated at 150,000.
Abaski,t. Circassia; 40 SE. Kopiel. Lon.
38. 10. E. Lat. 44.45. N.
Abatzkaia, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the
Ischim ; 128 SSE. Tobolsk.
Abaun, (an. Astapus,) i. e. the Father of
Waters ; the name given to a branch of the
river Nile in Abyssinia.
Abb, t. Arabia, in Yemen, on a mountain
of the same name ; 63 NE. Mocha. Lon. 44.
15. E. Lat. 13. 58. N. It contains about 800
houses, and is the residence of a dola or gov
ernor. Abba, an. t. Africa, near Carthage.
Abba del Kuria, small isl. in the Arabian
sea, 50 WSW. Socotra.
Abbas-abad, t. ,Persia, in Irak; 35 NW.
Gnerden. Abbas-abad, t. Persia, in Mazanderan; 5
NE. Ashref.
Abbefiord, s-p. Norway on a bay in Agger-
huus ; 48 SW. Christiana. Lat. 58. 44. N.
Abbenfleter, or Bulsfleter Sand, isl. in the
Elbe. Lon. 7. 25. E. Lat. 53. 40. N.
Abbensen, t. Hanover, in Luneburg ; 5 SW.
Buxtehude. Abberbury, v. Eng., in Salop ; 7 NW.
Shrewsbury. Abberton, v. Eng., in Worcester, where is a
medicinal spring ; 5 N. Evesham. Pop. 88.
Abbeville, t. France, in Somme, on each
side of the navigable river Somme; 120

NNW. Paris. Lon. 1,50. E. Lat. 50. 7. N.
Pop. 17,913. Before the revolution it was
the capital of Ponthieu, in Picardy. It con
tains 14 parish churches, several cloysters, a
hospital, a college, and a public libraty. It
has considerable trade and manufactures.
Natives N. and W. Sanson.
Abbeville, district, W. part of S. C. Pop. in
1810,21,156. Slaves 6,672; P. in 1820,23,167.
Abbeville, p-t. and cap. Abbeville district,
S. C. ; 120 W. Columbia, W. 624. It contains
a court-house, jail, an arsenal, and academy.
Abbeyboyle, t. Roscommon county, Ireland.
Lon. 8. 32. W. Lat. 54. 53. N.
Abbey-Feale, v. Ireland, in Limerick, 30
miles from Limerick.
Abbeyleix, v. Ireland, in Queen's co. ; 48
SW. Dublin.
Abbey-Green, v. Scotland, in Lanark, 4
miles from Lanark. Pop. 500.
Abbitibbe, lake, L. Canada, 330 WNW.
Quebec. Lon. 79. to 80 W. Lat. 48. 40. to
48. 50. N.
Abbitibbe, r. N. America, which runs from
the Abbitibbe lake to Hudson's bay.
' Abbilibbes, Indians, N. America, so called
from the lake near which they dwell.
Abbot-Ann, t. Eng., in Southampton ; 2 and
a half miles from Andover. Pop. 459.
Abbots-Bromley, see Bromley Abbots.
Abbots-Langley, v. Eng., in Hertford ; so
called from its being part of the estate of the
Abbot of St. Alban's ; 20 NNW. London.
Pop. 1,313.
Abbotsbury, t. Eng., in Dorsetshire, near the
coast of the English channel. 8 WSW. Dor
chester, 127 W.London. Pop. 812. It receiv
ed its name from a celebrated abbey. The
market is discontinued.
Abbotstown, p-t. York co. Pa. ; 18 S. York.
W. 86.
Abbey Island, small isl. on the SW. coast of
Ireland, in Kenmare bay, which at low water
is joined to the continent. It takes its name
from an abbey founded on it in the 7th cen
tury, of which there are yet some remains.
Abbey Milton, or Milton Abbas, v. Eng., in
Dorset, so called from a monastery of Bene
dictines founded by king Athelstan. 7 NW.
Blandford, 1 10 W. London. Pop. 619.
Abcas, see Abascia.
Abcor, see Kur.
Abcoude, t. Holland ; 5 S. Amsterdam
Pop. 1,059.
Abda, pr. Morocco, on W. coast, towards
the Atlantic, between Cape Cantin and Mo-'
gadore. Pop. by Jackson, 500,000.
Abdania, t. Syria, in Aleppo. It is large
and populous, inhabited by Turks.
Abdera, now Adra and Aslrizza.
Abdon, one of the small Papuan islands,
about 3 miles in circumference. It rises
about 200 feet above the level of the sea. It
abounds in fish and turtle, on which the in
habitants subsist, as they do not cultivate the
land. Lon. 133. 15. E. Lat. 0. 30. N.
Abdoolgunge, I. Hind., in Benares ; 15 N.
Gazypour. Abdulboid, or Abdulabad, t. Hind., in Oude ;
5 N. Mauickpour.

ABE

4

ABE

Ahdulina, t. Russia, in Orenburg ; 60 NE.
Orenburg. Abdun, t. Persia, in Segestan; 40 ESE.
Kooshinjee. Abdura, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 30 ESE.
Kooshinjee. Abea, t. Sennaar ; 35 SE. Sennaar.
Ahead, r. Africa, which rises near Tezzut,
in Algiers, and runs into lake Melgig, in Bil-
edulgerid. Abeares, t. Arabia, in Hedjas ; 80 N. Saade.
Abeghem, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 30 N.
Schiras. Abeile, r. Tartary, which joins the Sihon,
and runs with it into the Caspian sea.
Abel-Meholeh, ancient city, Palestine, on
W. side of the Jordan. Lon. 35. 35. E. Lat.
32. 11. N.
Abelin, t. and castle, Palestine ; 8 E. Acre.
A heap of ruins has excited a conjecture that
it was the ancient Zabulon, but the fountain
and plain of Zabulon are 6 miles distant.
Abella, t. Spain, in Catalonia ; 30 N. Bal-
aguer. Abella, see Avella.
Abellad, small isl. in the Red Sea, near the
coast of Arabia. Lat. 19. 59. N.
Abellinwm, now Avellino.
Abellinum Marsicum, now Marsico Velere.
Abellerium, now Alter Pedrosa.
Abemoliquala, r. New Brunswick, which
runs into the St. John, Lon. 67. 33. W.
Lat. 46. 32. N.
Abenakis, t. L. Canada, on the river St.
Francois. Lon. 72. 30. W. Lat. 46. 3. N.
Abenberg, t. Bav.; 22 N. Aichstatt. Pop. 800.
Abenheim, t. Ger., in Hesse-Darmstadt ; 4
NW. Worms. Pop. 950.
Abenoja, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 20 SW.
Civdad Real.
Abenpw, mt. Swabia, 13 Friburg.
Abenrade, see Apenrade.
Abensperg, or Abensberg, (an. Abusina) t.
Bavaria, on the Abents ; 20 E. Ingoldstadt.
Lon. 11. 52. E. Lat. 48. 46. N. Pop. 1,054.
Abents, or Arabs, or Absi, r. Bav., which
runs into the Danube, near Neustadt.
Aber, t. Wales, in Caernarvon, on the sea
coast; 6 miles from Bangor, 9 Conway.
Pop. 534.
Aberavon, s-p. S. Wales, in Glamorgan, on
the Bristol channel, at the mouth of the small
river Avon, with a harbour for small vessels;
45 E. Caemarthen, 192 W. London. Lon.
3. 48. W. Lat. 51. 30. N. Pop. 321. Here
are large iron works.
Aberbrothock, or Arbroath, t. Scot., in Angus,
on E. coast, near the German sea, at the
mouth of a small river called Brothock, sur
rounded by an amphitheatre of hills ; 13 S.
Montrose, 473 N. London. Lon. 2. 25. W.
Lat. 57. 32. N. Pop. 8,150. It has a small
but secure harbour, and has considerable
trade ; the exports are stones for pavements
and grain. It manufactures large quantities
of sail cloth.
Aberconway, or Conway, s-p. N. Wales, in
Caernarvon, on the mouth of the Conway;
S3NE. Caernarvon, 235 N.W. London. Lon.
4. W. Lat. 53. 18. N. Pop. 1,053. A great

trade was carried on here formerly, but it is
now trifling ; there is a market on Friday.
Abercom, v. Scot., in Linlithgow ; 3 W.
Queensferry. Pop. 835.
Abercorn, v. Effingham co. Georgia, W. the
river Savannah ; 18 N. Savannah.
Abenouk, or Aberkok, t. Persia, in Farsis
tan ; 150 SE Ispahan, 120 NE. Schiras. Lon.
54. 20. E. Lat. 30, 55. N.
Aberdalgy, v. Scot., in Perth ; 4 S. Perth.
Pop. 513. In the church-yard is a monu
ment of black marble raised for William Oli-
phant. Aberdeen, shire, or co. Scot., bounded N.
and E. by the German ocean, S. by the
counties of Perth, Forfar, and Kincardine,
and W. by those of Bamf, Elgin, and Inver
ness. It was formerly divided into the dis
tricts of Marr, Tormartin, and Buchan. It is
now divided in 8 districts, and 87 parishes.
It contains one city, Old Aberdeen, 3 rSyal
boroughs, New Aberbeen, Kintore, and In-
verary, and the towns of Peterhead, Fraser
burgh, Huntly, Keith, Old Meldrum, he. It
is 85 miles long from E. to W., and 40 from
N. to S. Sq. m. 1,986. Pop. 135,075. Fam
ilies 33,718, of which 13,637 are engaged in
agriculture, and 14,286 in trade and manufac
tures. The rivers are the Dee, Don, Ythan,
Ugie, Ury, Deveron, he. There are numer
ous small lakes. The southern and western
parts are mountainous, and not so well peo
pled as the eastern. Much of the countiy
is covered with wood. Agriculture has made
considerable advances, and more cattle are
said to be raised in this county, than in any
other in Scotland.
Aberdeen, royal borough, shiretown and
s-p. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, on rising
ground between the Don and the Dee, at
their efflux into the German ocean ; 108
NNE. Edinburgh, 504 NNW. London. Lon.
2. 8. W. Lat. 57. 9. N. Pop. in 1811, 21,629.
It is the principal city in the north of Scot
land, and has a safe and spacious harbour,
created at great expense, but it has a bar at
its mouth, which prevents the entrance of
large vessels. A pier was erected in 1780,
extending 1,200 feet; and by an act obtain
ed in 1810, it has been extended 900 feet
further. The town has of late years receiv
ed various improvements both in the addi
tion of streets, and in the style of building ;
and many of its houses display the taste of its
inhabitants. It contains 21 houses of public
worship, 7 for the established church, 4 for
Seceders, 4 for Baptists &c, 3 for Episcopa
lians, 1 for Methodists, 1 for Roman Catho
lics, and 1 for Quakers, and has various char
itable institutions. Trade and manufactures
are carried on to a large extent. The latter
consist chiefly of linen, woollen, and cotton.
About 150 vessels belong to the port, carry
ing 17,131 tons, engaged in the whale fish
ery, foreign and coasting trade.— Natives,
Barber, Jamison, Cruden, G. Campbell, Dun
can, and Fordyce.
A university, called Marischal College, was
founded here in 1593, endowed by George
earl of Marischal, and has cherished a nu.m>

ABE

ABI

£er of distinguished scholars. The buildings
have been erected at different periods, and co
ver a considerable area, but are veiy irregular.
The university has a principal, 10 professors,
a library of upwards of 10,000 vols., and an
observatory. The number of students in the
winter session of 1816 — 17, was 212, besides
105 alternately attending here and at King's
College. Marischal and King's Colleges,
though entirely distinct, are considered as
forming one university.
Aberdeen, Old, ("an. Devana,) city, Scot., in
Aberdeenshire, on the Don, 1 mile from its
mouth, and 1 mile north of the new town of
Aberdeen. Pop. 1,911. It is often included
under the same name and description with
New Aberdeen, though it is an entirely dis
tinct corporation. It is an old, poor town,
with a fine bridge across the Don, and con
tains 3 hospitals and a university, called King's
College, founded in 1506, which has a good
library of 12,935 volumes, and a principal,
sub-principal, (who is a regent), 3 other re
gents, and 9 professors. The number of stu
dents in the winter session of 1816 — 17, was
187. Aberdow, t. Scot., in Fife ; 7 E. Dunferm
line. Lon. 3. 18. W. Lat. 56. 3. N. Pop.
1,302. It has a small harbour for vessels.
Aberdour, small fishing-town, Scotland, in
Aberdeenshire ; 8 W. Fraserburgh, 14 E.
Bamff. Lon. 2. 7. W. Lat. 57. 37. N. Pop.
1,443. Aber, t. Wales, Caernarvon, on the sea coast,
6 miles from Bangor, 9 Conway. Pop. 534.
Aberfeldie, v. Scot., in Perthshire ; 10 NW.
Dunkels. Aberford, ovAberforth,t. Eng., in W. riding
of Yorkshire ; 7| S. Weatherby, 184 N.
London. Pop. 649.
Aberfors, t. Russia, in Viborg, on a branch
of the Kymen ; 30 W. Frederickshamn.
Aberfoyle, v. and parish, Scotland, in Perth ;
9E.Kippen. Pop. 601.
Aberfraw, or Aberfraw, fishing-town, N.
Wales, in Anglesea; 13 ESE. Holyhead,
263 WNW. London. Pop. 1,054. It is near
the sea, on a river navigable for vessels of
30 or 40 tons burden ; once the residence of
the princes of N. Wales.
Abergavenny, (an. Gobannium,) t. Eng., in
Monmouth; 43 W. Gloucester, 143 W. Lon
don. Lon. 3. W. Lat.51. 47. N. Pop. 2,815.
It is situated in a rich and beautiful vale, on
a small river called Gavenny, near its union
with the Usk, over which is a bridge of 15
arches. It was founded in the eleventh cen
tury, and once surrounded with walls. The
market is on Tuesday.
Abergeley, s-p. N. Wales, in Denbigh, on
the Irish sea, much frequented- for sea-bath
ing ; 12 E. Aberconway, 230 NW. London.
Lon. 3. 40. W. Lat. 53. 16. N. Pop. 1,944.
Abergement, L', t. France, in Doubs, on a
lake ; 8 S. Pontarlier.
Abergement le Due, L', t. France, in Cote-
d'Or; 10 E. Beaune. Pop. 1,600.
Abergement le Grand, t. France, in Ain ; 8
S. Nantua.
AbergwiUy, v, S. Wales, ia Caennarthen,

where the bishop of St. David's has a palace;
2 E. Caermarthen.
Aberhondy, the ancient name of Brecknock.
Aberlady, s-p. Scot., in Haddington, in a bay
on S. side of the Frith of Forth ; 12 E. Edin
burgh. Lon. 2. 53. W. Lat.56. l.N. Pop. 912.
Aberlemno, v. Scot., in Angus, where some
ancient obelisks were found, supposed to
have been erected in memorial of a victory
obtained over the Danes ; 4. S. Brechin.
Abernethy, (an. Victoria,) t. Scot., in Perth
shire, situated at the junction of the Ern and
theTay; 4 SE. Perth. Pop. 1,635. It was
once the capital of the Picts ; and the see of
a bishop metropolitan of Scotland, which
continued till the year 840, when it was by
Kenneth III. transferred to St. Andrew's.
Here was a convent of Culdees, changed,
in 1272, to a priory of canons regular. This
place is most remarkable for having one of
those tall slender conical towers, 74 feet
high, and 16 in diameter, of which there is
only one more in Scotland, (that is at Bre
chin,) although they abound in Ireland; but
their date, and the use for which they were
constructed, remain still doubtful, notwith
standing the researches of antiquaries.
Abernethy, t. Scot., in Murray; 24 S. Forres.
Abernethy Water, r. Scot., which runs into
the Spey, near Abernethy, in Murrayshire.
Abersee, or St. Wolfgangersee, lake, Aus
tria, in Salzburg; about 7 miles long, and 2
broad. Abersperg, (an. Abusina or Aventinum,) t.
Upper Bavaria, on the Umbs.
Aberlann, t. Bohemia, Elbogen. Pop. 900.
Aberyslwith, s-p. S. Wales, in Cardigan
shire; 96 W. Worcester, 20S W. London.
Lon. 4. 20. W. Lat. 52. 23. N. Pop. 2,264.
It is situated on an easy eminence near the
sea, at the mouths of two rivers, Ystwith and
Ryddol ; but the bar of the haven being sel
dom passable for large vessels, it is not a
place of great trade. There are some ac
commodations, and the declivity being easy
and regular on a sandy bottom, is conven
ient for bathing, for which it is much resort
ed to by invalids, who have the benefit of a
chalybeate springand hot and cold baths. The
trade of the place is carried on by 210 ves
sels belonging to the port, carrying 8,120 tons.
Abestad, see Afwestad.
Abeste, now Bost.
Abex, country, Upper Ethiopia ; from its
situation, bordering on the Red Sea, called'
the coast of Abex. It is bounded E. by the
Red Sea, S. by Abyssinia, W. by Abyssinia
and Nubia, and N. by mountains, which sep
arate it,from Egypt. It extends, by W. side
of the Red Sea, from the 17th to the 24th
degree nearly N. Lat.
Abgherm, t. Persia, in Irak; 25 NNW.
Gnerden, 150 ENE. Ispahan. «
Abher, see Ebher.
Abhosagur, t. Thibet, on the left bank of
the Ganges ; 130 NNW. Sirinagur.
AM Atrak, r. Persia, which crosses Zaweh,
and runs into the Caspian sea. 30 NW. Ashor.
Abi Musa, see Bumosa.
Abiad, t, Abyssinia; 30 ESE. Serka,

ABI

6

ABO

Jlbiad, see Bahr el Abiad.
Abiagrasso, t. Italy, in Milan, on a naviga
te canal made from the Tesino to Milan ; 12
SW. Milan, 16 NW. Pavia. Lon. 8. 55. E.
Lat. 45. 24. N. Pop. 2,875.
Abiar Alana, t. Arabia, in Hedjas ; 33 W.
Ailah. Abid, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 12 S. Doran.
Abigheim, see Abgherm.
Abila Lysaniae, now Nebi Abel.
Abild, t. Sweden, Halland ; 20 N. Helmstat.
Abilene, pr. Cajlo-Syria, between Libanus
and Antilibanus. Abilo or Abela was the
chief town.
Abin, t. and fortress, Arabia Felix, in Ye
men ; 60 NE. Aden.
Abingdon, t. Harford co. Md. ; 1 WSW.
Harford, 26 NE. Baltimore. Pop. 300.
Cokesbury College, a Methodist seminary,
was established in this town in 1785, but the
building was burnt in 1796, and has not been
rebuilt. Abingdon, p-t. and cap. Washington co.
Va. ; 320 WSW. Richmond. W. 404. Lat.
36. 37. N. It has a court-house, market-
house, presbyterian church, and a jail. Here
is a remarkable cave.
Abingdon, (an. Shoresham and Abandune,
i. e. Abbatis oppidum,) t. Eng., in Berks, at the
conflux of the Ock and the Thames ; 6. S.
Oxford, 56 WNW. London. Lon. 1. 16. W.
Lat. 51. 40. N. Pop. 4,801. Abingdon is a
place of considerable trade, much assisted by
the river Thames, navigable for barges, which
carry goods, especially malt and corn, to
London. Here is likewise a large manufac
ture of sail-cloth and sacking. It contains 2
parish churches, besides places of worship
for dissenters; and has 2 markets weekly, on
Monday and Friday, toll-free. It sends one
member to parliament. The summer assizes
for the county of Berks are held here.
Abinglon, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 18 S.
Boston, 20 NW. Plymouth. W. 474. Pop. in
1810, 1,704, in 1820, 1,920. It contains 3 par
ishes. Abinglon, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. ; W. 243.
Fop. 1,012.
Abinglon, t. Montgomery co. Pa.; UN.
Philadelphia. Pop. 1,455.
Abion, small isl. Sweden, in the bay of
Sundswall. Lon. 35. 22. E. Lat. 62. 25. N.
Abiponians, or Abipons, wandering and war
like tribe of Indians, inhabiting the province
of Chace, in Paraguay. No. 5,000.
Abira, t. Persia, Kerman ; 68 ESE. Sirgian.
Abirelcara, t. Egypt ; 26 NE. Cairo.
Abiscoun, t. Persia, in Chorasan, on the
river of the same name; 10 N. Astarabat,
40 W. Jorjan. Lon. 54. 5. E. Lat. 37. 10. N.
Abiscoun, (an. Socanda,) r. Persia, which
passes by Jorjan into the Caspian sea, about
20 W. Abiscoun.
Abiso, or Abisso, r. Sicily, which rises near
Palazzuola, in the valley of Noto, where it is
called Atellara or Atellari ; and takes the
name of Abiso, a little before it falls into the
sea between Syracuse and cape Passaro.
Abiverd, or Baverd, (an. Apavarelica,) t.
Persia, in Chorasan ; 240 NNW. Herat, 350
BSW. Samarcand. Lon. 76. E. Lat. 38. 16. N.

Abkuren, r. Persia, which runs into the
Bend-Emir, 14 SE. Baiza.
Ablac, or Ablach, r. Ger., which runs into
the Danube, near Scheer, in Swabia.
Ablak, Al, see Zima.
Ablaiket, t. Russian Tartary, in a state of
decay, on a river of the same name ; 540 SE
Tobolsk. Lon. 82. 14. E. Lat. 49. 20. N.
Ablaiket, r. Russian Tartary, which run sin-
to the Irtisch, near Kamenogorska.
Ablay, countiy of Great Tartary, E. the
Irtisch, S. Siberia. Lon. 72. to 83. E. Lat.
51. to 54. N.
Ablis, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 7 W.
Dourdan. Pop. 800.
Ablitas, t. Spain, Navarre ; 9 S. Tudela.
Abloe, t. Little Tartary. . Lon. 33. 15. E.
Lat. 46. 20. N.
Ablon, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise; 10
SSE. Paris.
Abnicum, now Anisi.
Abnoba, now Black Mountain.
Abnub, t. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 7 S. Kene, 13 N. Kous.
Abo, t. Finland, at the end of the promon
tory formed by the gulfs of Bothnia and
Finland, near the mouth of the river Aura-
jocki; 120 W. by N. Helsingfors. Lon.
22. 7. E. Lat. 60. 28. N. Pop. 12,550.
H. 1,200. Bp. see. It has a good harbour,
and carries on a considerable trade with the
other towns of Finland, in corn, cattle, fish,
iron, wood, tar, and cloth ; it also trades
with England, Holland, foe. It has 2 dock
yards, a large glass house, and various manu
factures. An academy was founded here in 1628,
raised to a university in 1640. It has a bo
tanic garden, an anatomical theatre, a library
of 10,000 vols., 16 professors, and in 1819,
had 335 student*. — Abo is the largest town
in Finland, and was the capital till 1819,
when the Russian government fixed the seat
of government for Finland at Helsingfors.
Abo, t. Africa, in Fezzan, inhabited by a
people called the Tibboo ; 130 SE. Mour-
zouk. Lon. 16. 55. E. Lat. 26. 20. N.
Aboary, t. Africa, on the coast of Guinea,
about 6 miles from Anta.
Abokna, t. Africa, in Sennaar; 30 SE. Gie-
sim, 100 ESE. Sennaar.
Abomey, t. Africa, capital of Dahomey.
Lon. 0. 55. E. Lat. 7. 50. N. Pop. estimat
ed at 24,000. It is surrounded by a broad
deep ditch, over which 4 wooden bridges are
built. The houses are built without regular
ity. The habitation of each family is enclos
ed within a large mud wall.
Abandonee, t. Savoy, on the river Drance ;
3 Geneva. Aboniticlws, now Aineboli.
Abony, t. Hungary, in Ketskemet.
Aboo,i. Hind., Agimere; 50 SW. Adeypour.
Lon. 73. 20. E. Lat. 25. 4. N.
Aboras, see Araxes.
Aborlan,.t. E. coast of the island of Para-
guay. Lon. 118. 45. E. Lat. 9. 5. N.
Aboro, t. Africa, in Acra, on the Gold
Coast, where is a grand market for gold,
ivory, wax, he.

ABR

ABT

Morrow, eountry or district, Africa, on the
¦Gold Coast, near the river of Cobra.
Abotis, now Abutige.
Aboucais, mt. Arabia, in Hedsjas, where,
according to a tradition of the Mussulmen,
Adam was buried ; 3 Mecca.
Abouillona, lake, A. Turkey, in Natolia, at
the foot of a mountain anciently called
Olympus ; 18 S. W. Bursa. This lake is
above 25 miles in circ, and contains several
islands. On the largest, also called Abouil
lona, is a. village bearing the same name,
which some modern travellers take to be
Apollonia, once a city of great note.
Jlboukir, see Abukir.
Aboura, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast.
Abousaid, or Busaite, t. Egypt, in the El-
wah or the Greater Oasis ; 105 WSW. Girge.
Lon. 30. 10. E. Lat. 25. 47. N.
Abouthesy, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Aboulig, see Abutig.
Abra, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 20 NW. Ja-
Biama. Abra, t. Sennaar. 60 WNW. Giesim.
Abraham, Heights of, the rocky and pre
cipitous bank of the St. Lawrence, in Cana
da, south of Quebec, rises almost perpendic
ularly from the river to the height of 250
feet. They were mounted by the gallant
Wolfe and his men, in 1759, to the attack of
the city of Quebec, which the heights com
manded. Abrambo, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast, 20
miles from the sea.
Abram's Creek, r. N. Y. which runs into
the Hudson, 4 N. Hudson.
Abrantts, city, Portugal, in Estramadura,
on the right bank of the Tagus ; 64 NE. Lis
bon. Lon. 7. 55. W. Lat. 39. 21. N. Pop.
3,498. It is fortified and contains 4 parish
churches, a hospital, a poor-house, and 4 con
vents. — The environs, are delightful and fa
mous for excellent fruit.
Abrega, t. Istria ; 10 N. Rovigno.
Abrcisha, t. Cyprus ; 16 NNE. Baffa.
Abrenar, see Abaraner.
Abreolhos, or ^Abrolhos, or Abreogos, Point
</, on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 30. 51. W.
Lat. 18. 19. S. Near this point are hidden
rocks or sandbanks, on which numbers of
vessels have been wrecked.
Abres, Les, t. France, Isere ; 3 W. Pont de
Beauvoisin. Lon. 5. 41. E. Lat. 45. 33. N.
Abreltene, ancient country in Mysia.
Abrewas, t. Eng., in Staffordshire, on the
Trent ; 6 NE. Lichfield. Pop. 956.
Abries, or Aurieu, t. France, in Higher
Alps; 16 leagues ESE. Gap. Pop. 1,386.
Abrincatui, now Avranches.
Abriz, t. A. Turkey, in Carmania; 27 ESE.
Erekli. Abrobanja, or Abrug-Banya, or Rbrughania,
t. Transylvania, and capital of a county or dis
trict of the same name; 20 WNW. Weissen-
burg. Lon. 22. 10. E. Lat. 46. 28. N. The
Romans gave the name of Auraria, from its
gold and silver mines.
Abroko, t. Africa, Soke, on the Gold Coast.
Abrollios, or Abreolhos, or Abreogos, shoal
or bank in the Atlantic, near the coast of
Brazil. Lon. 38. 50. W. Lat. 18. 22. S.

Abron, r. France, which runs into the Aot>»
lin, a little before its conflux with the Loire'.
Abruzzo, (an. Samnium,) country, Italy, in
Naples. It is now divided into Abruzzo Ci-
tra, and Abruzzo Ultra, the river Pescara be
ing the boundary.
Abruzzo Citra, or Abruzzo on this 'side of
the Pescara, pr. Naples. It is bounded NW.
and W. by the Abruzzo Ultra, NE. by the
Adriatic Sea, S. and SW. by the Molise,
and SW. by Lavora. — The principal towns,
Chieji, Lanciano, both archbishoprics ; Sul-
mona, CivitaBorella, Ortona-a-mare, bishop;
rics ; Pescara, Francavilla, he. — The air is
cold, but salubrious ; the tops of the moun
tains are always covered with snow. The
land is fertile, and produces wheat, rice, and
other grain, wine, oil, fruit, and abundance of-
saffron. In the woods are numbers of deer^
wolves, and bears. Pop. 232,501. Sq.m. 1,568.
Abruzzo Ultra, or Abnzso beyond the Pes
cara, is bounded NW. by the marquisate of
Ancona and the duchy of Spoleto, SW. by
the Sabina and the Campagna di Roma, SE.
by Abruzzo Citra, and NE.*by the Adriatic
Sea. — The principal towns are Aquila, Atri,
Campli, Civita di Penna, Teramo, and Civita
di Calli, or Civita Ducale. The five first are
bishops' sees. — The countiy is cold and
mountainous, being crossed by the Appen-
nines; but fertile in corn, fruit, saffron, and
hemp ; and nourishes a great number of ani
mals, both wild and tame. — The rivers are the,
Velino, Turano, Garigliano, Tronto, Piomba,
Nora and Pescara. Pop. 390,377. Sq. m;
3,705. It is divided into Abruzzo Ultra I,
and Abruzzo Ultra II. The capital of the for
mer is Teramo ; of the latter, Aquila.
Abs, t. France, formerly the capital of the
Vivarias, and Bp. see ; 8 NW. Viviers. Now
little besides ruins, remains of its ancient
grandeur. Absacon, or Absecombe, sandy beach, N. J. ;
16 SW. Little Egg Harbour. .
Absdorf, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 8 ESE.
Leutmischl. Pop. about 1,500.
Absecombe, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. ; W.
212. Absheron, peninsula, Persia, in Schirvan,
which projects into the Caspian Sea ; 12 E.
Baku, 60 ESE. Scamachie. Here are two
villages, Keschlar and Srogann ; and here is
an inexhaustible source of naptha.
Abshiriu, i. Persia, which runs into the
Persian gulf, near Bender Rigk.
Abst, see Abents.
Abstadt, t. Wurt., in Lowerstein. Pop. 600.
Absieinach, t. Ger., in Hesse-Darmstadt ; 7
NNE. Heidelberg. Pop. 670.
Abstorff, t. Austria ; 7 S. Sonneberg.
Abslorff, t, Austria, on the Zeya ; 5 E. Zis-
tersdorff. Abstotten, t. Austria; 4 S. Tuln.
Abswangen, t. Prussia, in Konigsberg ; 12
S. Konigsberg.
Absyrtibes, islands on the coast of Illyrl-
cum. Ablenau, t. Austria, Saltzburg; 20 SSE.
Saltzburg. H. 61.
Abloor, t. Hind., in the Carnatic; 60 N
Tritchinopoly.

ABU

8

Abtsgmund, or Absgemund, t. Wurtemberg,
©ntheKocher; 6 SW. Elwangen. Pop. 576.
Abu-Ait, or Selin, t. Egypt, on the right
bank of the Nile ; 4 SE. Abutige.
Abu-Arisch, principality, Arabia, in Teha
ma, by the side of the Red Sea ; it is entirely
barren, except where watered by rivers,
which run from the mountains of Yemen.
The principal places are Abu-Arisch, and
Gezan, a seaport.
Abu-Arisch, city, Arabia, in a principality of
the same name ; 80 N. Loheia. Lon. 42. 30. E.
Lat. 16. 45. N. It is surrounded with walls,
and is the seat of a sheriffe. The country is
arid, and would be entirely sterile were it
not fertilized by rivers flowing down the
neighbouring mountains.
Abu-Dabea, rocky islet in the Red Sea,
near the coast of Arabia. Lat. 25. 19. N.
Abu-Garib, small isl. in the Nile; 15 W.
Dendera. Abu-Girge,t Egypt, on the left bank of
the Nile ; 82 S. Cairo. Lon. 20. 49. E. Lat.
28. 33. N. It is the see of a Christian bishop.
Some place here; the ancient Oxyriachus.
Abu-Hennis il Kessir, t. Egypt, on the right
bank of the Nile ; 2 S. Ensineh.
Abu-l-kani, t. Egypt, on the left bank of
the Nile ; 17 SSE. Shabur.
Abu-mandur, v. Egypt, on the left bank of
W. branch of the Nile ; 3 S. Rosetta. It is
supposed by some to be on the site of the
ancient Canopus; certainly of some city, as
a few years since upwards of 20 marble col
umns were dug up and removed to Cairo.
Abu Musa, see Bumosa.
Abu Mealle, small isl. in the Red Sea, near
the coast of Arabia. Lat. 25. 19. N.
Abu Schureia, small isl. in the Red Sea,
near the coast of Arabia. Lat. 16. 50. N.
Abu Schusha, small isl. in the Red Sea,
near the coast of Arabia. Lat. 27. 20. N.
Abu Scnan, t Africa, Bergoo ; 100 E. Wara.
Abu Shareb, t. Africa, in Bergoo ; 85 SSE.
Wara. Abucay, t. on NW. coast of Mindanao..
Lon. 125. 24. E. Lat. 8. 40. N.
Abud, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 16 E. Dsjebi.
Abufeide, steep and craggy mountain,
Egypt, in which are many grottos ; on the
right bank of the Nile, opposite Monfalout.
Abugur Hills, mountainous ridge, Hind.
which forms W. boundary of Mewar ; about
10 E. the river Puddar, with which it runs
parallel. Abuhilan, t. Africa, in Sugelmessa, on the
Ghir; 50 NE Sugelmessa.
Abukabis, mt. Arabia; 5 SE. Mecca.
Abukir, or Aboukir, called by Europeans
Bikiere, or Biker, (an. Canopus,) t. Egypt, on
the coast of the Mediterranean ; 10 NE. Al
exandria. Lon. 30. 38. E. Lat. 31. 19. N.
The situation is on a point of land on
W. side of a bay, at the mouth of what the
ancients call the Canopic branch of the Nile,
but which is now straitened, and almost
choaked with sand. Abukir contains but few
inhabitants. — Off this place a battle was
fought on the first of August, 1798, between
the\English fleet under Admiral Nelson, and

ABY
the French fleet under Admiral Brueys. —
About two miles from Abukir are the ruins
of a town close to the sea, and part of them
under water, considered as the Taposins
Parva of ancient Egypt.
Abul-Kasum, t. Arabian Irak, near the Eu
phrates ; 22 NNW. Hellah.
Abulferia, see Albufera.
Abulu, r. Lucon, which runs into the Chi
nese sea, Lon. 121. 38. E. Lat. 18. 33. N.
Abvmba, t. Africa, in Magadoxa ; 40 NE.
Jubo, 45 SSW. Brava.
Abur, mt. Arabia, in Yemen; 16 SSW.
Kataba. Aburena, district, America, S. of Veragua.
Abury, v. Eng., in Wilts ; 6 W. Marlbo
rough. It is celebrated for the remains of a
druidical temple, an assemblage of huge
stones, similar to those of Stonehenge, an
ancient camp, and many vestiges of its hav
ing been a place of some consequence, pro
bably united, or very nearly so, to Cunetio,
which name appears in the village of Ken-
net. Abas, now Humber.
Abuschahr, see Busheer.
Abuschureia, small isl. in the Red Sea, 9
miles from the coast of Arabia. Lon. 41 . 37.
E. Lat. 16. 54. N.
Abusina, now Abensperg.
Abusir, or Busir, (an. Busiris,) t. Egypt, on
the right bank of the Nile; 13 S. Mansora.
The ancient Busiris, contained the shrine of
Isis, which attracted prodigious numbers of
people to celebrate the festivals of the god
dess. The present town exhibits no vestiges
of its ancient splendour.
Abusir, or Tower of the Arabians, two emi
nences with forts, on the coast of -Egypt,
near the Mediterranean ; 20 SW. Alexandria.
Lon. 19. 50. E. Lat. 30. 58. N.
Abussinem, t. Palestine ; 6 NE.Acre.
Abutcha, r. Siberia, which runs into the
Yana, Lon. 132. 44. E. Lat. 66. 30. N.
Abutige, or Abulig, or Aboulig, (an. Abotis,)
t. Egypt, a mile from the left bank of the
Nile ; 20 SSE. Siut, 170 S. Cairo. Bp. see.
Abuyog, t. on E. coast of the island of Ley-
ta. Lon. 124. 59. E. Lat. 10. 44. N.
Abwerden, t. Prussia, in Konigsberg ; 3
SSW. Konigsberg.
Aby, t. Sweden, West-Bothnia ; 10 S. Pitea.
Abydos, now Nagara and Madfune, see
Seslos and Dardanelles.
Abyla, mt. Africa, opposite Calpein Spain,
18 m. distant. These two mountains were
called by the ancients the Pillars of Hercules,
and are on the Straits of Gibraltar.
ABYSSINIA, called also Upper Ethiopia and
Habesch, country, Africa, between Lon. 33.
and 44. E. Lat. 7. and 16. N. ; bounded N.
by Sennaar, E. by the Red Sea, S. by Adel
and unknown regions, and W. by Sennaar,
Kordofan, and unknown regions.
Extent. The extent is not well defined, but
is estimated at about 800 miles in length,
and 600 in breadth. Sq. m. about 450,000.
Divisions. It is formed into the 3 following
great divisions, which have latterly been un
der separate governments, viz.

ABY

ABZ

1. Tigre, comprehending the tract between
the Red Sea and the Tacazze. Principal dis
tricts, Tigre proper) Agame, Andeste, Wojje-
rat, Wbfila, Lasta, Avergale, Samen, Zemben,
Sire, and the country of the Baharnegash.
Chief towns, Adowa, Antalo, Dixan, Axum,
Sire, Masuah, Arkiko, and Chelicut.
2. Amhara, comprehending the provinces
west of the Tacazze ; the principal are Am
hara proper, Dembea, Damut, Gojam, and
Begember. Towns, Gondar, the capital, and
Emfras. 3. The southern provinces of Shoa and
Efat, and other districts. Towns, Ankober
and Tegulet.
Rivers. The principal are the Bahr el Az-
rek, or Abyssinian Nile, Tacazze, Coror,
Dender, Maleg, Kazano, and Hawash. The
principal lake is Dembea.
Face of the country and mountains. Abyssi
nia is a country of mountains, intersected by
deep and extensive valleys. A lofty range,
called Lamalmon, bars the entrance from the
Red Sea. The mountains of Samen between
the Tacazze and the Coror, are still more ele
vated. To these may be added the moun
tains of Gojam, Efat, and Amid-Amid, sup
posed to be a branch of the mountains of the
Moon. The height of some of the summits
has been estimated, but with doubtful accu
racy. Soil. The country in general is extremely
fertile, and productive where it can be culti
vated ; and is in a great measure exempted
from that empire of sand which dooms so
large a portion of Africa to sterility.
Climate. Though situated within the torrid
zone, Abyssinia is generally temperate and
healthy, but varies with the surface and aspect
of the country. In the high and mountain
ous regions, the inhabitants enjoy a cool and
salubrious atmosphere, and a serene sky ;
while those in the valleys or in the vicinity of
marshes or sandy deserts, languish under ex
cessive eat or a moist and suffocating air.
The seasons are divided into wet and dry.
The rainy season continues from April to Sept.
Productions. Wheat in considerable quan
tities ; teff, a kind of very small grain, very
productive, and affording bread in universal
use ; tocusso, a plant affording a kind of
black bread for the lower classes ; ansete, a
plant used as a substitute for grain ; honey in
abundance ; papyrus, balsam, myrrh, and opo-
calpasum. Salt is an important natural pro
duction, found in great quantities on a plain
between Masuah and Amphila.
Animals. Abyssinia produces a great variety
of quadrupeds, both wild and tame ; of the
latter, the principal are of the cow kind, and
sheep ; the wild sort are the gazel or ante
lope, jackal, wild-hog, elephant, rhinoceros,
giraffa, or cameleopard, lion, leopard, hyena,
bohur, fassa, seeho, madequa, ha. ; the cro
codile and hippopotamus are found in all the
large rivers. The feathered creation bears
more than its usual proportion to the other
species, and there is also a vast profusion of
insects. Commerce. Foreign commerce is carried on
Vol. I. 2

entirely by the way of Masuah. The export*
consist of gold, ivory, and slaves ; the imports
chiefly of lead, block-tin, gold foil, Persian
carpets, raw silk, broadcloths, coloured skins,
glass beads, and decanters.
Manufactures. Manufactures are in a low
state. Such articles, however, as are conceiv
ed most essential, are fabricated ; as cotton
cloths, arms, and instruments of iron.
Government. The government is despotic,
and the political condition of the country ex
ceedingly disorderly and turbulent. The Galla,
a savage people, are now in possession of
Gondar and the districts included under Am
hara. Inhabitants. The inhabitants are in a very
low state of civilization, and many of their
customs are exceedingly barbarous and brutal.
Human life seems but little more respected
than that of brutes. Marriage is a slight con
nexion, formed and dissolved at pleasure. —
The houses are mere hovels, of a corneal
form with thatched roofs ; but in their
churches, which are numerous, they attempt
some display of architecture.
Population. The population has been va
riously estimated from 1 , to 4,000,000. No
data, however, exist on which one can scarce
ly form even a conjecture with regard to the
amount. Mr. Salt, a late English traveller,
could obtain no accurate information on the
subject. His impression, however, was, that
the countiy was populous, though by no
means in the same degree as England.
Religion. The Abyssinians profess Chris
tianity, yet retain a large tincture of judaical
observances. They are said to be a brancii
of the Copts or Jacobites, also called Eutychi-
ans or Monophysites. The metropolitan of
the Abyssinian church is styled Abuna, and
is appointed by the patriarch of Alexandria,
residing at Cairo. The religion consists of a
motley collection of traditions, tenets, and
ceremonies, derived from the Jewish and
Christian churches, unworthily dignified with
the name of Christianity. The rites of Moses
are observed1; both sexes undergo circumcis
ion ; Saturday and Sunday are both held sa
cred as Sabbaths ; their festivals and saints are
innumerable. History. The Abyssinians boast that their
countiy is the Sheba of Scripture, and assert -
that it was converted to Judaism several cen
turies before the Christian era. It is much
more certain that it was converted to Chris
tianity before the middle of the 4th century.
It remained, however, almost' unknown to
Europeans till the era of modern naval dis
covery, at which time a report reached Eu
rope, that a Christian sovereign, to whom was
assigned the fantastic appellation of Prela
Janni, or Prester John, ruled a vast empire
in the centre and east of Africa. This touch
ed at once the spirit of discovery and religious,
zeal of the age ; and after the discovery of
Abyssinia, a country governed by a monarch
professing Christianity, the -above title was
affixed by Europeans to its emperor.
Absal, r. Persia, which runs through the
province of Coubestan, passing by Tostar, &c.

ACA

10

into the Persian gulf. Saphor, king of Persia,
caused an aqueduct to be built on this river,
to supply the inhabitants of Tostar with water.
Aca, or Acha, district or country, Africa, on
the confines of Lybia, consisting of three
towns near each other. It was formerly pop
ulous arid rich, but much impoverished by
wars ; the principal produce is dates.
Acabat Assollom, t. Africa, in Barca ; 6 SW.
Cape Locca.
Acam, or Akam, country, Africa, on the
coast of Guinea, near the source of the Volta.
Acadia, see Nova Scotia.
Acadia, district, Lonisiana, between lake
Maurepas and the Mississippi. Pop. 3,955.
Acaguiry, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 36 NW.
Adoni. Acalandrus, now Salandrelta.
Acalsike, see Akalzike.
Acambo, see Aquambo.
Acamus, see Cape St. Epiphany.
Acanbaro, t. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 30
NE. Mechoacan.
Acanni, inland country, Africa, S. of Aquam
bo, abounding in gold. It was once an inde
pendent kingdom, but siding with Dinkira, in
a war against Asiente, it was overrun and
made subject to the latter.
Acanthus, now Dashur, and Erisso.
Acapala, t. Guatimala, in Chiapa ; 32 NW.
Chiapa dos Indios.
Acaponela, t. Mexico, in Chiametlan ; 35
SE. Chiametlan.
Acapulco, s-p. Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean;
240 S. Mexico. Lon. 98. 50. W. Lat. 16. 50.
N. Pop. 4,000, mostly people of colour. At
the time of the arrival of the Manilla galleon
the population is increased to 9,000, by the
resort of strangers. . It has an excellent bay,
and the best harbour on the W. coast of Span
ish America, and one of the most admirable
basins in the world, free, safe and open for
vessels of any burthen. A large ship sails
every year from this port to Manilla, the prin
cipal of the Phillippine Islands, carrying coch
ineal, quicksilver, cocoa, but chiefly silver ;
and returning loaded with spices, muslins,
china, silk, and other products and manufac
tures of Asia. Acapulco was formerly very
populous, but it is now only a miserable little
town, which however is dignified with the
name of a city, and being surrounded with a
volcanic mountain, the atmosphere is con
stantly thick and unwholesome. The inhabi
tants are almost entirely Africans.
Acara, t. Buenos Ayres, in La Paz, on W.
side of lake Titicaca ; 10 S. Chucuito.
Acaraga, r. S. America, which joins the
Uraguay, at the town of Assumption.
Acarai, t. Paraguay. Lon. 51. 5. W. Lat.
22. S.
Acari, cape and port, S. A. on the coast of
Peru. Lon. 72. 40. W. Lat. 15. 50. S. The
harbour is good, but little frequented.
Acariez, small isl. in the Turkish Archipela
go ; 9 E. Naxia.
Acarncc, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ; 40 NW.
Lepanto. Acarnania, S. part of ancient Epirus.
Acasabastlan, or Acasabailan, t. Guatimala,

ACE
near the source of a river of the same name ;
60 NE. Guatimala. The neighbourhood pro
duces sarsaparilla, cocoa, cassia, and excellent
fruit. Acasabasllan, r. Guatimala, which runs into
the Golfo Dolce; 50 S. Vera Paz.
Acasuchlitlan, t. Mexico, in Tlascala ; 50 N.
Puebla de los Angelos.
Acatzinco, t. Mexico, in Anahuak, where the
Mexicans were defeated by the Spaniards in
1520. Acaxuita, s-p. Guatimala, on the coast of
the Pacific Ocean ; 70 SE. Guatimala.
Acbarpour, or Akberpour, t. Hind, in the
Dooab; 44 S. Canoge ; 60 SW. Lucknow.
Lon. 80. E. Lat. 26. 20. N.
Acberpour, t. Hind, in Ande ; 30 SE. Fyza-
bad. Lon. 82. 30. E. Lat. 26. 27. N.
Acberpour, t. Hind. Agra, 25 W. Caunpour.
Acboula, t. Persia, Irak ; 80 N. Hamadan.
Acca, or Acco, see Acre.
Accaba, chain of mountains, Asia, which
form a boundary between Palestine and Ara
bia Petraea ; very probably, in the opinion of
Dr. Shaw, the same with Maaleh Akrabbim,
or the Ascent of Accrabbim, mentioned in
scripture, the most northern part being Mount
Hor. Accaba, i. e: the Ascent, celebrated pass over
a narrow ridge of Mount Atlas, in the coun
try of Algiers, between Constantina and the
capital, with deep valleys and precipices on
each side, where the least deviation from the
path would be fatal ; 70 ESE. Algiers, 90 W.
Constantina.' .Accaba, or Calaat el Accaba, fortress, Arabia
Petraea, at the northern extremity of the eas
tern creek of the Bahr el Accaba, or Elanitic
gulf: 150 ESE. Suez. Lon. 39. 45. E. Lat.
28. 45. N. It was an ancient port of the
Edomites, and called in scripture Eziongeber.
Ptolemy calls it Berenice. Solomon used it
as a port, but the harbour is difficult, full of
rocks, and unsafe.
Accadia, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra; 20
N. Conza.
Accar, r. Syria, which runs into the Medi
terranean, 12 S. Tortosa.
Accaron, see Ekron.
Accetura, t. Naples, in Basilicata ; 19 SSE.
Acerenza. Acci, now Guadix.
Accia, desolate village, Corsica, once Bp.
see, removed to Mariana ; 13 NNE. Corte.
Accoloretto, t. Italy, Spoleto ; 7 SW. Todi.
Accomac, co. Va. bounded N. by Maryland,
E. by the Atlantic, S. by Northampton co.,
and W. by Chesapeak Bay. Pop. 15,966.
Slaves, 4,4S0. Chief town, Drummondtown.
Accos, t. Peru, Guamanga ; 15 SSE. Nasca.
Accoury, t. Hind, in Allahabad ; 20 E. Ma-
koonda. Accous, t. France, in Lower-Pyrennees ; 8
S. Oleron.
Accownah, t. Hind., Bahar ; 10 SSW. Patna.
Accushnel, r. Mass., which flows into New
Bedford harbour.
Acerenza, or Cirenea, (an. Acherunlia) city,
Naples, in the Basilicata ; 80 E. Naples Lon.
15.58.E. Lat. 40. 49. N. Pop. 3,500. Abp.see.

ACH

11

ACH

Aceria, now Gera.
Acerno, city, Naples, in the Principato Ci
tra, in a valley, surrounded with mountains ;
14 ENE. Salerno. Lon. 14. 50. E. Lat. 40. 45.
N. Pop. 2,420. Bp. see.
Acerra, (an. Acerrie,) city, Naples, in Lavo-
ra ; 8 NNE. Naples. Lon. 14. 13. E. Lat. 40.
56. N. Pop. 6,256. Bp. see. This town is
called the country of Punchinellos ; because
the punchinello, or droll of the Neapolitan
comedy, is always supposed to be a native of
this town.
Acesines, now Chunaub.
Aceiri, v. Italy, in Tuscany. Lon. 11. E.
Lat. 53. 50. N. Here Gallileo was confined
for life by the Inquisition.
Ach, see Aach.
Acha, r. Bav., which rises about 8 S. Kitz-
buhl, and after forming a considerable lake
called the Aichen Sea, or Chien Sea, it takes
the name of Altza, and empties itself into the
Iser, 8 S. Tolz.
Acha, t. Peru, in Cusco ; 45 SW. Cusco.
Acha, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Hz, 8
N. Ilzstadt.
Acha, r. Bavaria, which rises near Fridberg,
passes by Rain, and runs into the Danube, 8
miles below Donauwert.
Achagua, Indians, New Granada, inhabiting
on the Gazanare, Meta, and Ele.
Achaia, ancient country, in NW. part of
Peloponnesus. Chief city, Corinth. — fereece
was divided by the Romans into 2 provinces,
Achaia and Macedonia, Achaia then including
all that part of Greece lying south of Thessaly.
Aclwim, country, Asia, bounded N. by Bou-
lan, E. by China, S. by Bn-mah, and W. by
Hindoostan. Achambo, t. Quito ; 15 E. Riobamba.
Achaquas, Indians, S. A. on the Apura.
Acharna, t. Attica; 8 Athens.
Acharpour, t. Bahar; 3 NE. Rotasgur.
Acharpour, t. Hind., in Oude ; 28 SE. Fyza-
bad. Lon. 82. 21. E. Lat. 26. 28. N.
Achasses, r. France, which runs into the
Rhone, near Viviers.
Achates, now Drillo.
Acheen, Atcbeen, or Achem, km., in N. part
of Sumatra, of a triangular form, and contain
ing about 26,000 square miles. It is sheltered
by a range of hills that runs from*a promon
tory to the SE. and another which inclines to
the ENE. ; the lands between are fertile, and
the best cultivated in the island.
The Achinese are in general taller, stouter,
and darker coloured than the other people of
the island ; more active and industrious, have
more general knowledge, and deal as mer
chants in a more extensive and liberal manner.
In religion they are Mahometans, and have
many mosques and priests. They are expert
and bold sailors, and employ a multitude of
vessels in trade and fishing, of various sorts
and sizes. The government is absolute, and
the monarchy, hereditary.
Acheen, city, Asia, and capital of a kingdom
in N. part of Sumatra, on a river which runs
into the sea, near NW. point of the island,
called Acheen-Head. Lon. 95. 46. E. Lat. 5.
22. N. Pop. about 36,000. H. 8,000. It is

described as exceedingly populous, containing
about 8,000 houses, built of bamboos, and
rough timber, standing distinct from each
other, and raised on piles, some feet from the
ground, to guard against the effects of inunda
tions. The river is not large, and in the dry
monsoon will hardly admit the navigation of
a boat. It was formerly a celebrated mart of
eastern commodities ; but the chief trade is
now carried to Hindoostan, from whence it
receives cotton goods in return for gold dust,
sapan-wood, betel-nut, patch-leaf, or costus
Indicus, pepper, sulphur, camphor, and ben
zoin : by European vessels, the inhabitants
receive opium, iron, and some other articles.
Acheen-Head, cape on N. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 95. 40. E. Lat. 5. 26. N.
Achel, t. Hind., in the Mysore ; 40 E. Serin-
gapatam. Achel, t. Hind., in Sirhind, 4 miles from Pa-
tiala. Here is a pit or cave, from which fre
quently issues a cold flame. It is a celebrated
place of Hindoo superstition, and is annually
visited by crowds of pilgrims.
Achelous, now Aspro-Potamo.
Achen-Achensee, lake, Tyrol, in Rothenburg.
North of the Inn, in Lower Innthal.
Achenthal, v. Tyrol, N. of Lake Achen. Pop.
1,000. Achere le Marche, t. France, in Loiret; 3
NNW. Neuville aux Bois.
Acheron, r. Epirus, another in Egypt, and
another in Italy.
Acheruntia, now Acerensa.
Acheux, t. France, Somme ; 14 NE. Amiens.
Achiachica, t. Mexico, in Tlascala; 70 N.
Puebla de los Angelos.
Achilbeg, small isl. in the Atlantic, near W.
coast of Ireland, S. Achill. Lon. 9. 48. W.
Lat. 53. 52. N.
Achil-head, cape or promontory on W. coast
of Achill. Lon. 10. 30. W. Lat. 54. 7. N.
Achill, isl. in the Atlantic near W. coast of
Ireland, of a triangular form, and about 3t>
miles in circ. ; 33 SW. Killala. Lon. 9. 52.
W. Lat. 53. 38. N. It belongs to the county
of Mayo, from which, to the S. it is separated
by a narrow channel.
Achira, t. Mogolistan, on the frontiers of
China, where Timur Bee built a fortress in
1396. Achiris, t. New Mexico, in Cinaloa ; 24 S.
Cinaloa. Achila, city, Japan, on NW. coast of Ni-
phon. Lon. 131. 38. E. Lat. 39. 10. N.
Achleuthen, t. Austria, on the Danube ; 10
ESE. Ens.
- Achmim, or Ekmim, or Echmim, (an. Chemr
mis, Chomno, and Panopolis,) t. Egypt, on the .
left bank of the Nile, about a mile from the
river, on a small eminence, which seems to
be artificial; 200 S. Cairo. Lon. 31. 55. E,
Lat. 26. 40. N. Pop. 18,000, of whom 2,C0O
are Christians. A canal of water, when the
river is high, passes round most part of the
town. The inhabitants are employed in the
manufacture of coarse cotton. It is like tie
other Arab towns, except that the streets are
wider ; the quoins of the houses are built of
burnt brick, but the other parts of brick dried
in the sun.

ACQ

12

ACR

Arhmiaiein, see Ashmunein.
Achonry, t. Ireland, in Sligo ; 16 WSW. Sli-
go. It gives name to a bishopric, which ex
tends about 30 miles Square, and contains 27
parishes in the counties of Mayo and Sligo.
Achor, valley, Palestine, in the tribe of Ben
jamin near Jericho.
Achorstown, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio ; W.
298. Aclisikah, see Aksikat.
Achslede, or Akstede, ft Han., in Bremen ; 6
N. Bremen.
Achstetten, t. Bavaria ; 6 NW. Augsburg.
Achliar, see Sevastopol.
Achlirka, t. Russia, in Charkov ; 40 WSW.
Charkov. Lat. 50. 23. N. Pop. 12,788.
Achtuba, r. Russia, which takes its course
from the Volga, about 12 miles above Tzarit-
zin, and runs parallel with that river to Kras
nodar ; near which place it joins it again, and
runs with it into the Caspian sea.
Aciar, t. Little Bukharia ; in Acsu ; 35 SW.
Acsu. Acimincum, now Salankemen.
Acinipo, vulgarly called Old Ronda, an an
cient town, Spain, in Grenada, a league from
Ronda. Here are now to be seen extensive
ruins, an aqueduct, vestiges of a wall, he.
Some antiquaries suppose this to have been
the ancient Munda.
Acinium, see Buda.
Aciris, now Agri.
Acis, see Jaci.
Acitodunum, now Ahun.
Ackchova, t. Natolia ; 5 Scala Nova.
Ackelhausen, t. Bavaria; 4 SW. Ochsenfurt.
Acken, t. Pru., in Pifagdeburg, on the Elbe ;
6 NW. Dessau, 22 SSE. Magdeburg. Lon. 12.
9. E. Lat. 51.53. N. Pop. 2,877.
Acken, see Aix la Chapelle.
Ackeo, t. Asia, in Birmah, on the Irrawad-
dy ; 96 NNW. Rangoon.
Acklins Keys, two small islands among the
Bahamas, near S. extremity of Crooked Isl
and. Lon. 74. 30. W. Lat. 21. 53. N.
Acklinton, t. Eng. in Northumberland ; 8 N.
Morpeth. Pop. 249.
Ackmin, see Achmim.
Ackora, t. Cabul ; 12 NW. Attock.
Ackwallah, t. Hind,, in Berar ; 50 SSW. El-
lichpour. Ackworth, see Acworth.-
Ackworth, t. Eng., in the west-riding of York
shire ; 8 S. Wakefield. Pop, 1,322. Here is
an institution of the Quaker's for the education
of children.
Acmclli, t. Persia, in Schirvan ; 6 N. Baku.
Aco, t. Peru, in Guanuco.
Acoakset, r. Mass., which runs into the sea
at Westport.
Aeoba,t. Portugal, Estramadura; 4. S.Leiria.
Acoda, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast, near
Cape Three-Points.
Acoln, or Acilla, see Elalia.
Acolhuacan, ancient km. Mexico, of which
Tezuco was the capital, now a part of Mexico-
Proper. Acolastre, r. France, which runs into the
Loire, 5 miles above Nevers.
Acolin , r. France, which runs into the Loire ;
6 miles below Decize.

¦ Acoma, or St. Estevan de Acoma, t. New
Mexico, on a mountain.
Aconcagua, i-. Chili, which runs into the
Pacific Ocean. Lat. 33. S.
Aconcagua, pr. Chili, S. ' A. on the river
Aconcagua, The countiy is fertile. Pop. 8,000.
Aconcagua, t. Chili, in a province of the
same name, on the river Aconcagua ; 72
ENE. Valparaiso.
Agopas, or Asoupas, t. Persia, in the road
from Schiras to Ispahan ; 60 N. Schiras.
Acores, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 8 NE. Guarda.
Azores, see Azores.
Acory, t. Hind,, in Agra ; 18 S. Kooch.
Acos, t. Peru, Lima ; 15 SE. Xauxa.
Acostambe, t. Peru ; 30 N. Guancavelica.
Acounagousin, r. L. Canada, which runs SW.
into the Uttawas. Length about 300 miles.
Acqua, t. Tuscany, celebrated for its baths j
15 E. Leghorn.
Acquadagna, t. Urbino ; 14 S. Urbino.
Acqua de Corsari, bay on W. coast of Sardi
nia. Lon. 8. 30. E. Lat. 39. 38. N.
Acqua delta Fico, t. Naples, in Calabria Ul
tra ; 15 W. Squillace.
Acqua Negra, t. Aust. Italy, in Mantua ; 2
NNE. Caneto.
Acqua Negra, t. Aust. Italy, in Cremona,
near the conflux of the Adda and the Po ; 3
W. Cremona.
Acqua Sparta, t. Popedom, in Umbria; 10
W. Spoleto.
Acqua Viva, t. Popedom, in the Patrimonio ;
8 NNW. Rome.
Acqua Viva, t. Naples, Bari ; 9 SSE. Bitetto,
Acqua Viva, t. Naples, Molise ; 19 W. Molise.
Acqua Viva, t. Ancona, at the head of the
Ragnola, a small river which runs into the
gulf of Venice ; 10 NE. Ascoli.
Acquanite, r. Naples, which runs into the
gulf of Tarento. Lon. 17.20.E. Lat. 39. 30. N.
Acquapendente, t. Popedom, in Orvieto, on
an eminence, near the river Paglia ; 9 W. Or-
vietto, 55 NNW. Rome. Lon. 11. 50 E. Lat.
42. 43. N. Bp. see.
Acquara, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra ;
13 SW. Cangiano. Pop. 2,263.
Acquaria, t. Italy, in Modena ; 18 SW. Mo-
dena. It is situated on a mountain near the
river Panaro, celebrated for its medicinal wa
ters. Acquasco, p-v. Prince George's co. Md. ;
W. 38.
Acqui, (an. Aqua; Statiellm,) t. Italy, in Sar
dinian province of Montferrat, capital of a
province, on N. bank of the Bormia ; 17 SSW.
Alexandria, 44 SE. Turin. Lon. 8. 19. E. Lat.
44. 4. N. Pop. 6,600. Bp. see. It has a cita
del, a theological seminary, a gymnasium, and
is celebrated for its warm baths*
Acqs, see Ax.
Acra, countiy, Africa, on the Gold Coast ;
26 miles long, and from 12 to 20 broad. It is
the most healthy situation on the coast, and
carries on the most extensive trade both with
Europeans and with the interior. The soil is
light and sandy, but fitted for cotton, cassada,
and pulse. Both the English and Dutch have
forts here. Lon. 0. 10. W. Lat. 5. 31. N.
Acra, t. Hind., in Condapilly; 16 NE. Con*
dapilly.

ACR

13

ADA

Acra, or Megarisb Uzzier, t. Arabia, in Neds-
jed ; 60 N. Hajar.
Acraba, now Araban.
Acrabatene, district, Palestine, between Jeri
cho and Shechem.
Acrabim, mountains, Palestine, W. of the
Dead Sea.
Acrce, now Palazzuolo.
Acraga, i. Sicily, which runs into the sea,
near Girgenti.
Acragas, now Girgenti.
Acre, or St. John d' Acre, (an. Acco, Acca,
Ake, Aocoby, and Ptolemais,) city and s-p. Pal
estine, capital of the pachalic of Acre, some
times called the pachalic of Said; 24 S. Tyre,
55 N. Jerusalem. Lon. 35. 26. E. Lat. 32.
40. N. Pop. in 1760, according to Mariti,
15,000; in 1797, according to Browne, 18 or
20,000; in 1820, according to the English con
sul , 10,000. Greek abp. see. It is situated at
N. angle of a bay, which extends in a semi
circle of 9 miles as far as the point of Mount
Carmel, near the moiith of the Shardanah.
The harbour, though bad, is one of the best on
the coast, and the possession of it is of great
importance, it being the sole avenue by which
rice, the staple food of the countiy is intro
duced. The chief import is rice; export, cot
ton. The town has been celebrated from remote
antiquity, and is surrounded with walls, but is
greatly reduced from its former extent. The
streets are so narrow that when a camel passes
them, no other animal can pass at the same
time. The houses are built of cut stone, with
flat foofs and terraces. It has a castle, 6
mosques, 1 Greek church, 1 Armenian church,
1 catholic convent, a synagogue,| and 2 bazars.
It is rendered unhealthy by its construction,
and by the neighbouring marshes. The sur
rounding country is fertile. — Pop. of the pa
chalic 420,000, of whom 300,000 are Turks ;
the rest chiefly Christians.
In 1191, Acre was beseiged by the Crusa
ders, and in the seige 300,000 are said to have
been slain. In 1799, the French, under Bona
parte, laid seige to this place ; but the Turks
under Djezzar, being assisted by a small num
ber of English under Sir Sidney Smith, the
French were repulsed with great loss and
compelled to retreat.
Acri, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 5 E. Bi-
signano. Acri, i. Naples, which runs into the gulf of
Tarento, Lon. 16. 40. E. Lat. 40. 20. N.
Acrington, t. England, in Lancashire ; 9 E.
Blackburn. Pop. 3,266.
Acrislia, t. Sicily ; 36 WNW. Mazara.
Acritas, now Cape Gallo.
Acro-corinlhus, high hill on which the cita
del of Corinth was built.
Acro-Athos, now Cape Montt Santo.
Acron, or Akron, country, Africa, on the
Gold Coast, not extensive, but fertile, and
abounding in game. It is divided into two
states ; one an aristocracy, the other govern
ed by a king ; united, but each independent
of the other. The Dutch have a fort with 2
battei-ies in a town called Apam, or Apang.
The situation is advantageous for trade.

Acropolis,- now Agropoli.
Acroteri, t. Santorin ; 1 WSW. Scare. Lon.
25. 24. E. Lat. 36. 27. N.
Acs, see Ax.
Acsica, t. Asia, in Cabul ; 50 S. Cabul.
Acsu, t. Natolia, on a small river which runs
into the Sakaria ; 20 E. Isnik.
Acsu, t. Natolia ; 15 SE. Bursa.
Acsu, t. Asia, and capital of a province in
Little Bukharia; 108 E. Cashgar. Lon. 75.
15. E. Lat. 43. N.
Ada, t. Syria ; 30 SE. Aleppo.
Adam, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 120 N. Tabris.
Adas, t. Chinese Tartary, in country of the
Eluths ; 60 NE. Tourfan, 130 NW. Hami.
Actium, now Asia.
Acton, v. parish, Eng., in Middlesex ; 5
WNW. London. Pop. 1,674. Near this vil
lage are some medicinal springs.
Acton, t. Windham co. Vt. ; 33 SSW. Wind
sor. Pop. in 1810, 245.
Acton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 24 NW.
Boston, W. 458. Pop. in 1810, 885 ; in 1820,
1,047. Adon-Burnell, v. Eng., in Shropshire ; 7 S.
Shrewsbury. Pop. 290. Here are remains of a
castle, in which a parliament was held ill 1283.
Actopan, t. Mexico, capital of a district of
the same name ; 23 leagues NNE. Mexico.
Lon. 98. 49. W. Lat. 20. 19. N. It contains
2,800 families, of which 2,750 are Indian.
Acu, t. Brazil, in Rio Grande, on a river of
the same name, which flows into the Atlantic.
130 W. Natal. Pop. 300.
Acul, s-p. N. coast St. Domingo, named by
Columbus the harbour of St. Thomas ; 8 SSW.
Cape Francais.
Acul, V, t. S. coast of St. Domingo ; 10 SW.
Les Cayes.
Aculma, t. Mexico ; 30 N. Mexico.
Acumuli, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra, on
W. side of the Tronto ; 17 NW. Aquila. Lon.
13. 20. E. Lat. 42. 45. N.
Acworth, p-t. Cheshire co., N. H. ; 6 ESE.
Charlestown, 72 WNW. Portsmouth, W. 466.
Pop. in 1810, 1,523; in 1820, 1,479.
Acy, t. France, in Aisne ; 3 SE. Soissons.
Aczib, now Zeb.
Ada, t. Circassia; 15 N.Anapa.
Ada, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, about 3 miles
from the river Sakaria, in the road from Con
stantinople to Ispahan, chiefly inhabited by
Armenians ; 40 W. Angura.
Adaes, or Adaesses, Spanish senflement, Mex
ico, in Texas, not far from the borders of
Louisiana, containing about 60 mean houses ;
450 NW. New Orleans. Lon. 93. 45. W. Lat.
32. 3. N. It is situated on an eminence and
defended with pallisadoes.
Adaes, see Mexicano.
Adaes, lake, Texas, 6 miles from the above
settlement; 30 miles in circuit, and in some
places of such depth that no bottom can be
found with a line of 180 fathoms. It abounds
in fish.
Adaguesa, t. Spain, in Aragon, on the Vero ;
12 NW. Balbastro.
Adair, co. Ken. ; W. 658. Pop. in 1810, 6,012.
Slaves 956; Pop. in 1820, 8,775. Chief town,
Columbia.

ADA

14

Adair, t. Ireland, in Limerick, on the Maig ;
8 SW. Limerick.
Adaja, r. Spain, that runs into the Ducro
between Simancas and Tordesillas.
Adak, one of the Fox Islands in N. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 184. 4. E. Lat. 53. 40. N.
Adalamgur, t. Hind., in Agra ; 12 S. Agra.
Adalgues, or Adalgious, t. Curdistan, on N.
coast of the lake of Van ; 15 E. Aklat.
Adalia, district, Egypt, where only one
house is found, in which a bey, with a few
soldiers, collects the tribute to be sent to the
pacha ; 2 NE. Cairo.
Adalia, see Solatia.
Adam, or Adorn, t. Peraa, on the Jordan.
Lon. 35. 40. E. Lat. 32. N.
Adam, t. En. Turkey, Moldavia; 10 NNW.
Galatz. Lon. 27. 56. E. Lat. 45. 58. N.
Adampa, country, Africa, on the Gold Coast
extending from Acra to the Volta.
Adams, t. Coos co., N. H. ; E. of the White
mountains ; 90 N. Portsmouth. Pop. 363.
Adams, p-t. Berkshire county, Mass. ; 29 N.
Lenox, 120 WNW. Boston, W. 402. Pop. in
1810, 1,763; in 1820, 1,836. It is a valuable
township, and has 2 post villages 5 or 6 miles
apart, each containing a meeting house ; the
north village contains also 2 cotton manufac
tories ; and there are likewise 2 cotton manu
factories near the S. village. There is besides
a Quaker meeting house in the town. — This
place is remarkable for a deep excavation, 40
rods in length, and, in some places, 60 feet
deep, formed by Hudson's brook, in a quarry
of white marble. A natural bridge 14 feet
long, 10 feet broad, and 62 feet high is formed
over this channel by the projection of rocks.
Adams, p-t. Jefferson co., N. Y. ; 10 E.Lake
Ontario, 160 NW. Albany, W. 461. Pop. in
1810, 1,376; in 1820, 2,467. It is a place of
some trade, and contains a bank.
Adams, p-t. Dauphin co., Pa. ; W. 133.
Adams, co., S. side of Pa. ; bounded N. by
Cumberland co., E. by York co., S. by Mary
land, and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1810,
15,152; in 1820, 19,370. Chief town, Gettys
burg. Adams, p-v. Hyde co., N. C. ; W. 339.
Adams, county, S. part of Ohio, on the Ohio.
Pop. 10,406. Chief town, West Union.
Adams, t. Washington co., Ohio. Pop. 324.
Adams, t. Darke co. Ohio. , Pop. 343.
Adams, co. W. side of the state of Mississip
pi. Pop. 12,076. Chief towns, Natchez and
Washington. Adamslown, t. Lancaster co., Pa. ; 20 NE.
Lancaster. Adam's Creek, r. N. C, which runs into
Pamlico Sound, Lon. 76. 53. W. Lat. 34. 55. N.
Adam's-Bridge, ledge of rocks extending
about 30 miles, between N. coast of Ceylon
and the coast of Coromandel.
Adam's Peak, mt. Ceylon ; so called by Eu
ropeans, and by the natives Hamalel ; about
60 miles from the coast, and visible by vessels
at sea, about 150 miles distant; 32 S. Candi.
Lon. 80. 43. E. Lat. 7. 6, N. The Gentoos
often visit it as pilgrims, being persuaded that
the place is holy. They have a tradition, that
from this place Adam took his last view of
Paradise.

ADE
Adamancotta, t. Hind., in the Mysore ;5 SW.
Darampoory, 20 S. Salem.
Adamas, t. Spain, Cordova; 18 NE. Cordova.
Adamsdorf, t. Pru., Brandenburg ; 3 E. Lip-
pehne. Adana, t. A. Turkey,, cap. of Aladulia, on
the Seihoun, near the pass of mount Taurus,
formerly known by the title of Pyloe Cilicia;
150 SE. Cogni, 170 SSW. Sivas. Lon. 35. 6.
E. Lat. 37. N. Pop. 5 or 6,000 ; Turks, Greeks,
Armenians and Jews. It is defended by a
castle on a rock, and is the residence of a
pacha ; and the town lying not more than 10
or 12 miles from the sea, is much resorted to
from other towns for the purchase of wine,
corn, and fruits. In winter the air is healthy,
but towards April unwholesome, when such
inhabitants as can, retire more inland.
Adana, or Seihon, r. A. Turkey, which runs
into the Mediterranean a little below the town
of Adana. Its mouth is in Lon. 35. 17. E.
Lat. 36. 48. N.
Adanad, t. Hind., in Malabar; 25 SSE.
Calicut. Adanaque, or Andanaque, t. Curdistan, N. of
Bagdad, on the Deaal, which flows into the
Tigris. Adarcand, or Aderkand, t. Great Bukharia ;
40 SW. Kogend.
Adarisis, see Kteiphe.
Adasa, t. Abyssinia ; 70 S. Gondar.
Adat, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 30 N. Nambu.
Adaveed,t. Hind., Cuddapa; 10 W. Combam.
Adaumpour, t. Bengal, Burdwan ; 36 SSE.
Burdwan. Lon. 88. 18. Ev Lat. 22,42. N.
Adayes, see Adaes.
Adboroiv, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Adda, (an. Addua,) r. which rises in the
Mount Braulis, in the country of the Grisons,
and runs into the Po, near Cremona.
Adda-and-Oglio, late dep. Italy, formed of
the Valteline and part of the Bergamasco.
Addar, fort, Bengal, in Nagpour; 24 NW.
Doesa. Adder Water, r. Scotland, formed by two
branches, called the Black and White Adder.
The former rises in Berwickshire, the latter in
S. part of Haddingtonshire : about 9 E. Dunse
these streams unite to form the Adder, which,
after an easterly course of 10 miles falls into
the Tweed, 2 miles above Berwick.
Adderbury, t. Eng., in Oxfordshire, 3 miles
from Banbury.
Addingham, t. Eng., in W. riding of York
shire, on the Wharf; 5 S. Skipton. Pop. 1,471.
Addison, co., W. side of Vt. ; bounded N. by
Chittenden co., E. by Washington, Orange)
and Windsor cos., S. by Rutland co., and W.
by Lake Champlain. Pop. jn 1810, 19,993 ; in
1820, 20,469. Chief towns, Middlebury and
Vergennes. Addison, p-t. Addison co., Vt. on E. side of
Lake Champlain ; 35 S. Burlington, W. 473.
Pop. in 1810, 1.100. It is very pleasantly situat
ed, and contains an academy.
Addison, t. Washington co. Maine. Pop. 519.
Addison, t. Steuben co., N. Y. ; 15 S. Bath.
Pop. 652.
Addison, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 755.
Addison, %. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 636.
Adea, t. Africa, on the coast of Ajan. The

ADE

15

ADI

inhabitants are Arabs, and have some trade in
frankincense. Adebiau, t. Poland, in Kalisch ; 25, SSW.
Kalisch. Adebuil, t. Switz., in Lucerne, on the lake
of Sempach ; 7 NW. Lucerne.
Adeca, t. on SW. coast of Teneriffe.
Adeenagur, or Ashenagitr, t. Cabulistan, cap
ital of Kameh, on the left bank of the Kameh ;
50 ESE. Cabul, 75 NE. Ghizni. Lon. 69. 35.
E. Lat. 34. 15. N.
Adeenapour, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 56 NE.
Lahore. Lon. 74. 48. E. Lat. 32. 12. N.
Adegem, t. Flanders ; 1% E. Bruges.
Adel, km. Africa, in the country of Ajan.
The inhabitants are white, but they become
gradually browner towards the S. There are
among them a great many negroes, and in the
back part of the countiy Bedouin Arabs, all
Mahometans, mortal enemies of the Abyssini
ans, and interested in being so, because they
enrich themselves by the plunder they take
from them. The country extends about 600
miles in length ; the principal towns are Adel,
Zeila, Au^a-Gurella, and Berbera. The chief
traffic consists in gold dust, ivory, frankin
cense, and slaves.
Adelberg, t. Wurt. ; 5 N. Goppingen.
Adelfdorf, t. Bav. ; 2 SE. Markt Erlbaoh.
Adelforf, t. Bavaria ; 7 SW. Forcheim.
Adelfors, t. Sweden, in Smaland. Lon. 15.
4. E. Lat. 57. 26. N. Here is a gold mine,
but not productive.
Adelgious, see Adalguez.
Adellof, t. Sweden, in Smaland. Lon. 14.
29. E- Lat. 58. 1. N.
Addlmn, now Elda.
Adelmansfclden, t. Wurtemberg; 6 W. El-
wangen. Pop. 390.
Adclnau, or Odelno. t. Pru., Posen ; 20 SW.
Kalisch. Lon. 17. 35.E. Lat. 51. 30. N. Pop.
1,135. Adelphi, p-t. Ross co., Ohio, about 20 NE.
Chillicothe, W. 392.
Adelphi, or Fralelli, four small islands, in
the Grecian Archipelago, about 3 ESE. Sco-
pelo. Lon. 24. 4. E. Lat. 39. 22. N.
Adelsberg, or Adelsperg, t. Aust., Lower Car-
niola, capital of a circle in the government of
Laybach, on a mountain near the river Alben ;
12 ENE. Trieste.— Pop. of circle 104,200.
Adelsheim, t. Baden, in the circle of Oden-
wald. Pop. 870.
Aden, small state, Arabia Felix, bounded S.
by the Indian ocean, W. and N. by the domin
ions of the Imam, and E. by the countiy of
Jafa. It was formerly subject to the Imam,
but from the year 1730, it has been governed
by an independent scheich.
Aden, (an. Eudaimon,) s-p. Arabia, and
capital of a lordship, in Yemen ; with a good
harbour on the Arabian sea. Lon. 45. E. Lat.
12. 40. N. It is situated at the foot of a barren
mountain ; near it is a lofty rock, steep and
difficult of access. As a place of trade, Aden
is still of some consequence, though it is a
collection of miserable huts and heaps- of ru
ins. It was formerly strongly fortified, and
the most opulent town in Arabia ; and in its
ruins there is an appearance of ancient splen
dour.

Adenau, t. Pru., Coblefitz, bailiwick of Nur>
burg. Pop. 1,230.
Adenore, t. Carnatic ; 5 S. Volconda.
Adenda, t. Morocco, in Temsena.
Aderampar, t. Hind., in Travancore ; 35
NE. Porcah.
Aderborgt, t. Pomerania ; 9 NW. Stettin.
Adercan, Persia, in Laristan ; 60 NE. Laar.
Aderkan, Persia, Farsistan ; 135 S. Schiras.
Aderkand, see Adarcand.
Aderno, (an. Adranum,) t. Sicily, in the val
ley of Demona, at the foot of Mount Etna ;
17 WNW. Catania. In the city was a temple
dedicated to Adranus, the tutelar god of the
Siculi. Adersbach, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz. H.
180. Adersleben, t. Pru., Magdeburg ; 16 SE. Hal-
berstadt. Adervan, mt. Persia ; 60 NE. Suster.
Ades, now Rades.
Adeypour, t. Hind., Mewat ; 35 W. Cotpufly-
Adgadna, t. Guan, one of the Mariana isles
in the P. Ocean.
Adgale's Falls, cataract in the river Sable, in
Chesterfield, N. Y. The perpendicular pitch
is 80 feet.
Adgigunge, t. Hind., in Oude ; 24 SW. Luck-
now. Adhergat, t. Syria, on frontiers of Arabia.
Adiabene, the principal province of ancient
Assyria. Adjamali, t. Imiretta; 35 SSW. Cotatis.
Adjaszo, see Ajazzo.
Adje-dee, r. Africa, which rises in the S.
part of Algiers and after a course of 250 miles
generally E. runs into the lake Melgig, in Bil-
edulgerid. Adjerud, or Adjeroute, or Ajerud, fortress or
square castle, Egypt, in which is a garrison of
Turkish soldiers, on the site of ancient Heroo-
polis; ION. Suez. Part of the road leading
from Adjerud is in a hollow way, which some
have thought to be the canal of Trajan.
Adige, with the Germans Etsch, (an. Alhesis,)
r. Italy, which rises in the Alps ; passes by
Tyrol, Brixcn, Trent, Verona, where it be
comes navigable, and Rovigo, and runs into
the Adriatic sea 24 S. Venice. Length, 200
miles. Adigctto, r. which branches off from the
Adige in the Polesino de Rovigo, and, passing
the town of Rovigo, joins the main river about
10 miles below.
Adji, r. Hind., which rises in Bahar, joins
the Jeilinghy, 10 W. Kishenagur in Bengal,
and with it forms the Hoogly. ¦
Adiguar, t.' Hind., Dowlatabad ; 15 W. Be-
der. Adilabad, t. Hind., Berar ; 30 SW. Chanda.
Adilabad, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 20 S. Bur-
hanpour. Adinseik, t. Natolia ; 9 SE. Artaki.
Adjodin, t. Hind., in Moultan, on the Set-
ledge ; 90S. Lahore, 115 E. Moultan. Lon.
73. 30. E. Lat. 30. 21. N. Here is a tomb of
a celebrated Mahometan saint, much visited
by pilgrims.
Adirbeitzan, or Azerbijan, pr. Persia, bounded
N. by Georgia, E. by the Caspian Sea, S. by

ADR

16

ADU

the provinces of Ghilan and Irak, W. by Arme
nia. The chief towns are Tauris, Urumea,
Shebuster, and Maragah. This constitutes a
part of the ancient Media.
Adisalam,t. Abyssinia; 135 SSW. Gondar.
Adjunte, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 15. WNW.
Jaffierabad. It is situated at the head of a pass
of the same name through the mountains.
Adjyghur, strong fortress, Hind., in Bundel-
cund, situated at nearly equal distances from
Callinger and Pannah, and commanding a
pass through the mountains from the former
to the latter place.
AdUga, t. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 2 S. Damietta.
Adlisberg, t. Switz., in Lucerne ; 13 W. Lu
cerne. Adlisioil, t. Switz., in Zurich ; 4 S. Zurich.
Adlwang, t. Austria ; 9 SW. Steyr.
Admiral's Cove, creek in the bay of Formo
sa, on E. side of Newfoundland.
Admiralty-Bay, bay on N. coast of Tavai
Poenammou, the southermost island of New
Zealand, between Cape Stephens and Cape
Jackson. Admiralty-Bay, see Port Mulgrave.
Admiralty-Island, small isl. on which a part
of Stockholm is built.
Admiralty-Islands, number of small islands
at the entrance of Admiralty-bay, in New
Zealand. Lon. 185. 2. W. Lat. 40. 48. S.
Admiralty-Islands, cluster of islands in the
E. Indian Ocean. The inhabitants appear to
be the same kind of people as those of New
Ireland, of a very dark copper colour, nearly
black, with woolly heads powdered. They
chew betel-nut, and go quite naked, except
some rude ornaments about their legs and
arms. These islands are between 20 and 30
in number, with a beautiful appearance. One
island is about 54 miles in length from E. to
W. Lon. of the centre 146. 44. E. Lat. 2.
18. S. '
Admiralty-Island, large isl. in the N. Pacific
Ocean, near W. coast of N. A. between King
George Hld's Archipelago and the continent :
84 miles in length from N. to S. and about 25
broad for as much as 50 miles in the centre,
afterwards lessening gradually towards each
extremity. Mr. Whidbey, one of Captain
Vancouver's mates, in his observations on this
island, remarks, that notwithstanding it seem
ed to be composed of a rocky substance, cov
ered with little soil, and that chiefly consisting
of vegetables in an imperfect state of dissolu
tion, yet it produced timber, which he con
sidered as superior to any before noticed on
this side of America. Lon. 225. 10. to 226. 31.
E. Lat. 57. 2. to 58. 24. N.
Admiralty-Inlet, deep narrow gulf in the gulf
of New Georgia. Lon. 237. 38. to 237. 48. E.
Lat. 47. 20. to 48. 12. N.
Admuncotta, t. Hind., in the Barramaul
country ; 6 S. Darempoury.
Ado, small isl. Sweden, between the Baltic
and the gulf of Bothnia, E. of Aland. Lon.
20. 14. E. Lat. 60. 19. N.
Ado, small isl. in gulf of Bothnia, near the
coast of Finland. Lon. 22. 31. E. Lat. 63.
44. N.

Adolphus, t. U. Canada, N. Lak? Ontario.
Adolsfurt, t. Wurt.; 2 SW. Ohringen.
Adolfseck, t. Ger., Nassau ; 8 W. Idstcin.
Adorn, or Thelon, t. Hungaiy, on the Dan
ube ; 12 S. Offen.
Adorn, country, Africa, in the interior part
of the Gold Coast, on the river Sama.
Adoni, circar, Hind., in Golconda, S. of the
Tungebadra, N. of Mysore.
Adoni, t. Hind., which gives name to a cir
car in Golconda; 130 SSW. Hydrabad, 188
N. Seringapatam. Lon. 77. 18. E. Lat. 15.
37. N. It is now a town of but little import
ance, having but a .small population.
Adonis, r. Africa, which rises in the moun
tains SW. Tetuan, and runs into the sea be
tween Arzilla and Tangier.
Adonis, now Ibrahim Bassa.
Adorf t. Sax., in Vogtland ; 4 S. Oelsnitz.
Lon. 12. 16. E. Lat. 50. 15. N. Pop. 1,310.
Adou, or Quaquas, countiy, Africa, on W.
coast, between the rivers Lagos and Sueiro
d'A costa.
Adour, (an. Aturus,) r. France, which dis
charges itself into the Bay of Biscay, 3 miles
below Bayonne.
Adowa, t. Abyssinia, capital of Tigre ; 12 E.
Axurn. Lon. 39. 7. E. Lat. 14. 12. N. Pop.
8 or 9,000. Its situation is uncommonly pleas
ant, and commands a magnificent view of a
vast range of mountains. The houses are of a
conical form, and regularly disposed into
streets. It is a place of considerable trade
and importance. Its chief production consists
in a manufactory of course and fine cloths.
Adra, r. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, which
runs into the Mariza, at Adrianople^ "
Adra, t. Syria ; 15 NE. Damascus.
Adra, (an. Abdera,) s-p. Spain, on the Med
iterranean, in Granada, defended by a strong
citadel ; 45 SE. Granada. Lon. 3. 10. E. Lat.
36. 4. N.
Adra, r. Spain, in Granada, which runs into
the Mediterranean near the town of Adra.
Adragno, t. Sicily ; 20 ENE. Mazara.
Adrametum, see Herkla.
Adramiii, (an. Adramyttium,) t. A. Turkey,
in Natolia, on the Gulf of Adramiti; 70 N.
Smyrna. Lon. 27. E. Lat. 39. 37. N. , It is
now inhabited only by a few Greek fisher
men. Adrana, t. Persia, Irak ; 30 E. Hamadan-
Adrana, now Eder.
Adranum, now Aderno.
Adranulzium, now.Ardanoudje.
Adreat Bitinia, (an. Adraa, and Edrei,) t.
Palestine, E. Lake Genezareth.
Adria, (an. Hadria, and Atria,) t. Aust. Italy,
in Rovigo, on the Tartaro ; 15 E. Rovigo.
Lon. 12. 4. E. Lat. 45. 2. N. Pop. 7.200. Bp.
see. It gives name to the gulf or sea called
the Adriatic, and was formerly a place of con
siderable consequence, but much reduced by
frequent inundations.
Adriampatam, t. Hind., in Tanjore, on the
coast ; 32 SE. Tanjore.
Adriane, now Bingazi.
Adrianna, t. Hind., in Guzerat, 8 miles from
Jhingwarra, containing about 1,000 houses.
Adrianople, or Andrinople, called by the

AEG

17

AFF

Turks Edteneh, or Adranah, (an. Hadrianopo-
Hs, Orestias, and Anlinoa,) city, Eu. Turkey,
in Romania; 114 WNW. Constantinople. Lon.
27. 8. E. Lat. 41.3. N. Pop. estimated from
100, to 130,000. H. 16,000. Greek abp. see.
It is situated on the Marizza, 24 leagues from
its mouth. It is of a circular form, about 5
miles in compass, and surrounded with walls
and towers. It contains 4 magnificent mosques,
and has very extensive gardens. The houses
are good, but the streets are narrow aad un
equal. The adjacent country is fertile, and
its wine is esteemed the best in Turkey.
Adrianopoli, see Argyro Castro.
Adriatic Sea, or Gulf of Venice, gulf of the
Mediterranean sea, between Greece and Italy,
extending from Lat. 40. to 45. 55. N. 200
leagues long, and 50 broad. There are many
islands in it, and many bays or small gulfs on
each coast.
Adsjar,t. Arabia, on S. coast of the Persian
gulf, inhabited by the Musillim, a numerous
tribe occupying the country between Lachsa
and Oman ; 80 SE. El. Catif. Lon. 48. 20. E.
Lat. 26. 8. N.
Advenlurc-Bay, bay on SE. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 147. 29. E. Lat. 43. 21. S.
Adventure Island, in the S. P. Ocean. Lon.
144. 18. W. Lat. 17. 5. S.
Adule, see Zulla.
Adulis, now Arkiko.
Adummim, v. Palestine, on the road from
Jerusalem to Jericho ; anciently a town be
longing to the tribe of Judah. Mr. Mariti calls
it a place favourable to robbers, where many
travellers have lost their lives. Near it are
still to be seen the ruins of a large kan, or inn,
built of cut stone. It is called the Samaritan
kan, because it is believed that the Samari
tan carried hither the unhappy man who had
been wounded. In memory of this noble ac
tion a small chapel was formerly erected near
it, at which pious travellers were accustomed
to stop and pray.
Adur, r. Eng., which rises in Sussex, and
runs into the sea at New-Shoreham.
Aduvieh, t. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 5. S. Cairo.
Adviganam, t. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 47
SE. Seringapatam.
Adsel, t. Russia, in Riga ; 20 SW. Dorpat.
Adzaneta, t. Spain, in Valencia, on a moun
tain which extends to the frontiers of Arra-
gon ; 25 SW. Peniscola.
Adzud, or Alschud, t. Eu. Turkey, in Molda
via ; 9 WSW. Birlat. Lon. 26. 49. E. Lat.
46. 3. N.
Adzul, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, on the
Jalonitza, a little before it joins the Danube;
5 E. Jalonitza, 6 NW. Kirsova.
ASantium, or Ajacium, place, Natolia. It
is said to have received its name from having
been the burial place of Ajax. Lon. 26. 22. E.
Lat. 49. N.
Aedholzen, t. Bavaria, celebrated for its me
dicinal baths ; 4 S. Traunstein.
AZega, see Ega.
ASgades, or JEgusce, three islands on the W.
coast of Sicily, whose modern names are Fa-
vagna, Maretimo, and Levanzo.
Vol. I. 3

Mgrc, see Gusel-hisar, and Edessa*
ALgcean Sea, see Archipelago.
JEgida, now Capo d'Islriu.
JEgila, see Augila.
JEgilia, now Ccrigotto.
AZgilon, or JEgilimn, now Copraja.
JEgimuras, now Zowamore.
JEgina, now Engirt.
JEgium, now Vortilzn.
Aegos-Patomos, t. Thracian Chersonesus,
which falls into the Hellespont N. Sestos.
JEgusa, now Linosa, and Famgnana.
JElana, now Ailah.
Aden, see Aigle.
Mlia, or Ailia Cnpitolina, see Jerusalem.
Aelst, see Alost.
fflmona, now Laybach.
Mmonia, see Cilia Nuovo.
AZnaria, now Ischia.
Aerie, (an. AZneia,) t. Natolia, on a river fall
ing into the Mender ; 12 Bonarbashy. It has
a pleasing appearance, being embellished with
cypresses, and in the vicinity is a stupendous
tumulous, called the tomb of iEneas.
Mnona, now Nona.
Mnos, now Saasa, and Eno.
AZnus, now Inn.
Molia, or AZolis, ancient country of Asia
Minor, N. of Ionia.
JEolite, now Lipari Isles.
APJiopolis, now Hit.
Aiquum Colonia, now Colonia.
Aerding, or Erding, t. Bavaria, in Iser, cap
ital of a district, on the Sempt ; 14 S. Land-
shut, 17 NE. Munich. Lon. 11. 53. E. Lat.
48. 15. Pop. 1,661.
Aernen, t. Switz., in Valais; 35 E. Sion.
Aerskaia, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch ; 60 NW.
Tara. JEria, or JFAhria, now Thaso.
Aeschach, or Eschach, t. Bavaria ; 3 N. Lin-
dau. Aeschy, t. Switz., in Berne ; 6 SE. Spietz.
Msepus, r. rising from Mount Ida and fall
ing into the Propontis.
JEsemia, now Isernia.
Aelh, see Alb.
JEsis, now Esino.
Aethsting, t. Mainland, the principal Shet
land island; 11 NW. Kirkwall.
Mthiopia, see Ethiopia.
JEtna, now Etna.
JElolia, ancient country in the central part.
of Greece, W. of Locris.
Aerskaia, t. Russian Siberia, on the Irtisch
60 NW. Tara.
Afdim, t. Cyprus, otherwise called Aitimo
or Avdinw ; 16 SW. Baffa.
Affang, t. Austria ; 9 W. Steyr:
Affar, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 60 E. Loheia.
Affarli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania on the
Mariza; 45 SE. Philippopoli.
Affleck's Canal, inlet of the Pacific Ocean,
on S. coast of an island which is situated NW.
of the Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon.
(of the entrance) 226. 19. E. Lat. 56. 7. N.
Afflenz, t. Stiria ; 6 N. Pruck.
Affnoo, t. Sahara; 120 NE. Tombuctoo.
Affow, t. Africa, in Yaffon. Lon. 9. 50. E
Lat. 16. N.

AFR

18

AFT

Affurca, see Masafuero.
Afghanistan, or Cabulistan, mountainous
country between Persia and the Indus, see
Cabulistan. — Afghanistan proper is denominat
ed by the natives Pokhtankha, and is the
country adjacent to the town of Paishawer.
The Afghans are a fierce, untractable, and
warlike people, who deduce their origin from
Afghan, a son of Japhet ; though Sir William
Jones is inclined to think that they are des
cended from the Israelites. Their chief city
is Cabul.
Afium-Kara-hissar, see Aphiom, he.
Afragola, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 7 NE. Na
ples. Pop. 12,647.
AFRICA, one of the four great quarters of
the world, the third in extent and probably in
population. It forms a peninsula, connected
with Asia only by the isthmus of Suez.
Boundaries. It is bounded N. by the Medi
terranean, E. by the Red Sea and the Indian
Ocean, S. by the Southern or Pacific Ocean,
and W. by the Atlantic.
Extent. -It lies between Lon. 18. W. and
51. E.; Lat.37.N. and35. S.; about 4,980 Eng
lish miles in length, and 4,500, where widest,
in breadth. Sq. m. according to Malte-Brun,
12,952,000; according to Hassel, 11,270,000;
according to Graberg, 11,063,000.
Population. The population of Africa is
much less in proportion to its extent than that
of Asia or Europe, but no data exist by which
its amount can be computed. It has been
variously estimated from 30, to 150,000,000.
Malte-Brun estimates it at 70,000,000; Gra
berg at 99,000,000 ; Hassel, from 100, to
110,000,000. Divisions. Africa may be comprised under
the 6 following divisions :
1. Northern Africa, comprehending Egypt
and the Barbary States. These are Barca,
Tripoli, Tunis, Algiers, Fez, Morocco, and
Biledulgerid. 2. Western Africa. This comprises a vast
extent of coast, including the countries be
tween Sahara and Benguela ; viz. the coun
tries on the Senegal and Gambia; the Ivory,
Gold, and Slave coasts of Guinea: Benin, Lo-
ango, Congo, and Angola.
3. Southern Africa, extending from the Cape
of Good Hope to the frontier of Benguela and
Mozambique. This division is styled Caffra-
ria, and is inhabited by the Caffres, Hotten
tots, Boshuanas, &c.
4. Eastern Africa. The counties in this
division are Abyssinia and Nubia, and various
countries, but little known, lying on the eas
tern coast between Mozambique and the
straits of Babelmandel.
5. Central Africa. This vast division, the
greater part of which is wholly unexplored, is,
however, known to contain some fertile and
populous countries. Some of the principal
kingdoms are Darfur, Bornou, Fezzan, Kas-
sina, Houssa, Tombuctoo, Wangara, Bambar-
ra, Ludamar, Bondou, and Bambouk.
6. African Islands. The principal of these
on the western coast are the Azores, Madeira,
and Cape Verd Islands, belonging to Portugal ;
the Canaries, belonging to Spain : and St.

Helena, belonging to Great Britain. On the
eastern coast are Madagascar, Bourbon, Mau
ritius, the Comoro islands, and Socotra.
Natural Features. Africa is distinguished
from each of the other quarters of the globe
by its immense arid deserts, devoted to per
petual desolation ; by the fewness of its rivers,
and by its want of inland seas.
Rivers. The Nile and the Niger are two of
the most celebrated rivers in the world. The
other .most considerable rivers are the Senegal,
Gambia, Zaire or Congo, Zambese or Cua-
ma, Quilimancy, and Orange river.
Lakes. The largest lakes that are known,
are Maravi, Soudan, and Dembea.
Mountains. The principal ranges of moun
tains are the Atlas, Kong, Crystal mountains,
Mountains of the Moon ; Mountains of Samen,
Geesh, Amid-Amid, Lamalmon and others of
Abyssinia, Mountains of Lupata, and Niew-
veldt mountains.
Soil. The soil, when well watered, is ex
ceedingly luxuriant ; but in many parts it is
dry and barren, and in high winds the inhab
itants are liable to be overwhelmed and suffo
cated with showers of scorching sand.
Climate. The greater is situated within the
torrid zone, and the heat is intense, and al
most insupportable to Europeans.
Productions. The productions are sugar,
salt, gold-dust, ivory, sandal-wood, various
kinds of fruits, drugs, gums, pearls, and the
common necessaries of life.
Animals. Africa is remarkable for its mul
titude of wild animals. Lions and elephants
are numerous; also leopards, panthers, tigers,
hyenas, rhinoceroses, giraffas, antelopes, ze
bras, horses, camels, dromedaries, monkeys,
civet-cats, crocodiles, hippopotami, serpents of
various descriptions, and a great variety of the
feathered creation.
Commerce. The articles of commerce most
extensively obtained from Africa, are gold,
ivoiy, and above all slaves. The article in
most demand in the central parts, is salt.
Inhabitants. Africa is by far the least civiliz
ed quarter of the globe. The natives are com
posed of numerous tribes, but the two classes,
which divide the most extensive portion are
the Moors and Negroes. The Moors are chiefly
found north of the .Senegal and Niger, and are
Mahometans. They are of a tawny, sun-burnt
complexion, and their character is usually
described in very unfavourable colours, as in
tolerant, perfidious, and sanguinary. The Ne
groes possess less activity, information, and
vigour of mind ; but with the usual habits of
barbarous life, they are simple, gentle, hos
pitable, and affectionate.
Religion. The religion of Abyssinia is a
corrupt form of Christianity. The Christian
religion has also been introduced into some of
the European settlements. The prevailing re
ligion of Egypt, the Barbaiy States, and of the
nations of the interior as far south as the Niger,
is Mahometanism. Theremainder of theinhab-
ltants, so far as known, are generally pagans.
Africa, s-p. Tunis, on the coast of Barbary ;
90 SE. Tunis. Lon. 11. 10. E. 35. 30 N
„ 'ffa^'/^rf''a' ^ich runs into the Persian
Uult ; db bE. El Catif.

AGA

19-

AGG

Afva, small isl. in the Baltic, between the
island of Aland and the coast of Finland;
Lon. 20. 51. E. Lat. 60. 29. N.
Afweslad, or Atestadt, mine-town, Sweden,
in Dalecarlia ; with a church and a royal post-
house : small copper money is coined here ;
10 SE. Hedemora. Lon. 16. 14. E. Lat. 60.
6. N. Pop. 700.
Afzia, see Ampedes.
Afzulgur, t. Asia, in Almora; 20 NNW.
Cossipour. Agadak, one of the Fox Islands in the N.
Pacific Ocean. Lon. 195. E. Lat. 53. 35. N.
Agadeer, see Santa Cruz.
Agadez, or Agad, or Agadost, t. Africa, capital
of Asben, or Agadez, a district or countiy
north of Cashna ; 200 N. Cashna. Lon. 13. 14.
E. Lat. 20. 15. N. It is a large, populous,
trading city. The salt caravan of Agadez,
consisting of 1000 camels, traverses the desert
of Bilmah.
Agaie, small s-p. France, in Var, on the
coast of Mediterranean ; 9 Frejus.
Agakemal, t. Persia, in Irak; 35 S. Cashan.
Agaliepour, r. Syria, which runs into the
Mediterranean ; 12 SSW. Alexandretta.
Agallega, or Gallega, isl. in the Indian sea,
near the coast of Madagascar. Lon. 54. 8. E.
Lat. 10. 12. N.
Agama, s-p. on N. coast of Cyprus, probably
the ancient Arsinoe ; 25 N. Baffa.
Agamana, now Kahem.
Agana, t. Guam island, on W. coast. Lat.
13. 26. N. The streets are strait ; the houses
are mostly of wood, but the public edifices are
of brick. The town has fine gardens, and is
well defended.
Aganis, small isl. on E. coast of Ceylon,
with a town. Lon. 88. E. Lat. 6. 45. N.
Aganusi, some small islands in the Grecian
Archipelago, near the coast of Natolia. Lon.
23. 39. E. Lat. 39. 2. N.
Agapia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia ; 7 SSE.
Niemecz. Agaphonova, r. Siberia, which runs into the
Frozen Ocean. Lon. 155. 14. E. Lat. 71. 55. N.
Agora, t. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 6 W. Tocat.
Agarasondu, t. Bengal, in Dacca ; 37 NNE.
Dacca. Agaree, t. Sahara ; 130 SE. Gadamis.
Agaron, t. Carnatic ; 15 NW. Tiagar.
Agarum, t. Mysore ; 6 ESE. Bangalore.
Agastoboli, or Agatoboli, see Alhaboli.
Agalhon, t. Cyprus, on N. Coast ; 16 N. Fa-
magusta. Agathonsi, small isl. Grecian Archipelago,
about 3 S. Samos. Lon. 25. 56. E. Lat. 37.
25. N.
Agaton, small isl. in the English Channel,
near the coast of France. Lon. 3. 30. W.
Lat. 48. 49. N.
Agatton, or Gatton, t. Benin, on the river
Formosa, 190 miles above its mouth. It is
situated on a peninsula formed by the river,
and has been represented as the chief place of
trade in the countiy, but injured by recent
wars. Ships ascend the river above this place.
Agatton, or Gattan, or Goto, t. Africa on the
coast of Guinea; 80 S. Benin.
Agatu, one of the Fox Islands, N. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 175. E. Lat, 52. 30. N.

Agau, small kingdom, Africa, dependent on
the Emperor of Abyssinia.
Agawam, r. Mass. which runs into the sea at
Wareham. Agawam, p-v. in the township of W. Spring
field, Hampden co. Mass., near the entrance
of Westfield river into the Connecticut, 2 SW. •
Springfield, W. 366.
Agawam, the name of Westfield river to
wards its mouth.
Agaya, t. Mexico, in Culiacan ; 70 NE. St.
Miguel. Agayas, t. on W. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120.
45. E: Latt 16. 42. N.
Agde, (an. Agatha,) s-p. France, in Herault ;
before the revolution the see of a bishop ; '21
NE. Narbonne, 320 S. Paris. Lon. 3. 28. E.
Lat. 43. 19. N. Pop. 6,744. It is situated on •
a peninsula, or a point of land, near the Gulf
of Lyons, between the mouth of the Herault
and the lake of Thau.
Agea, t. Persia, in Irak ; 100 E. Ispahan, 50
WSW. Gnerden.
Ageda, plain, Hungary, about 30 leagues
from Buda. It is famous for a grand council
of the Jews, said to have been held here in
1650, for the purpose of considering the ques
tion, whether the Messiah was already come.
Agedabna, t. Barca ; 80 NNW. Augela.
Agedincum, now Sens.
Agen, (an. Agenum,) city, France, capital of
Lot-and-Garonne, on the Garonne, in a fertile
country; 70 E. Bourdeaux. Lon. 0. 37. E.
Lat. 44. 12. N. Pop. 10,569. Bp. see. It was .
before the revolution, the capital of a country
called Agenois. It is a place of great antiquity
and had a famous castle in the time of Char
lemagne. The buildings are not generally ele
gant, but the promenade along the river is de
lightful.— Natives, Joseph J. Scaligerand Laee-
pede. Agenois, late pr. France ; now included
chiefly in Lot-and-Garonne.
Ager, r. Austria, which runs into the Traun,
about 3 N. Schwannastatt.
Ager, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic near
the coast of Lapland. Lon. 11. 31. E. Lat.
54. 37. N.
Ager, t. Spain, in Catalonia, at the foot of a
mountain ; 12 N. Balaguer.
Ager, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 37 N. by E. Ou-
gein. Agercile, t. Hind., in Travancore, on a bay
of the Indian sea, near the coast of Malabar ;
20 N. Anjenga.
Agerola, t. Naples, in Principato Citra. Pop.
2,181. Agger, or Ager, r. Ger., which rises near
Neustadt, and runs into the Sieg, 2 W. Sieg-
berg. Aggerhuus, or Chrisliania, the largest, most
important, and most southerly of the four
bishoprics of Norway, which takes its name
from a castle situated on a bay about 3 W.
Anslo or Christiania, the castle of which is the
general residence of the governor. Pop.
378,646. Sq. m. 38,117. Chief town, Chris.
tiania. Aggersde, small isl. Denmark, in the Greater
Belt ; 6 S. Corsoer. Lon. 11. 12. E. Lat. 55
12. N.

AGI

20

AGO

Agger,t Hind., Visiapour; 20 SW.Visiapour.
Aggi, r. Persia, which runs into the Aras,
10 S.Nacsivan.
Aggile, t. Prussia ; 40 ENE. Konigsberg.
Aggisu, t. A. Turkey, Mosul ; 45 N. Tecrit.
Aggspach, t. Austria, on the Danube ; 36 W.
Vienna. Aghaboe, v. and parish, Ireland, in Queen's
co., an ancient place, once an abp. see. and
now has 2 annual fairs. Pop. of the parish,
4,361. Aghadoe, v. Ireland, in Kerry ; ,3 NNW. Kil-
larney. Aghalgory, or Aghal-Gori, see Akalgori.
Aghalzighe, see Akalzike.
Aghao, see Kao.
Aghenisk, isl. Ireland, in the Shannon ; 16
miles below Limerick.
Aghgeh, t. Abascia, on the coast of the Black
Sea ; 8 S. Anakopia.
Aghisi, see Agceh.
AghiDaghi, mt. Armenia ; 40 NW. Erzerum.
Ag/ii Daghi, mt. A. Turkey, in Natolia; 15
NW. Aphiom Karahisar.
Aghnish-Point', cape on W. coast of Ireland,
in Galway. Lon. 9. 1. W. Lat. 53. 8. N.
' Aghor, r. Persia, in Mekran, which flows
into the Indian Ocean, near Cape Arubah.
Aghrim, v. Ireland, in Galway ; 39 N. Lim
erick, 28 E. Galway. On the 12th July 1691,
a battle was here fought between the Irish sol
diers of James II. and the English.
Aghris-Point, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast
of Sligo ; 11 W. Sligo. Lon. 9. 22. W. Lat.
54. 17. N.
Agio Laura, t. Macedonia ; 19 SE. Saloniki.
Lon. 24. 28. E. Lat. 40. 5. N.
Agiano, (an. Heraa,) v. Morea, consisting
of only a few huts. Herasa was a considerable
town of Arcadia, on an eminence near the
Alpheus ; 12 E. by S. Olympia.
- Agiasoluck, see Ajasaluck.
Agimere, or Ajmcer, or Rajpootana, subah,
Hind., bounded E. by Agra, N. by Delhi, S.
by Guzerat, and W.by the sandy deserts, which
are between it and the Indus. It is 350 miles
long, and 220 broad ; the soil generally unpro
ductive ; and contains many smaller states or
governments ; as Agimere proper, Rampour,
Joodpour, Rantampour, Joinagur, Banswaleh,
Nagore, and Bikaneer.
Agimere, city, Hind., and capital of a subah
of the same name ; in a pleasant valley, sur
rounded on all sides by high mountains. 170
WSW. Agra ; 178 SW. Delhi. Lon. 75. 20. E.
Lat. 26. 35. N. It is 6 miles in circ, and de
fended by walls, towers, and a strong fortress.
The principal attraction of this city is the
tomb of Khaja Moyen ud Deen, one of the
greatest Mabomedan saints that ever flourish
ed^ Hindostan, which happened 600 years
ago. It is of white marble, but no,t remark
able for its architecture.
Agincourt, or rather Azincourt, v. France, in
Straits-of-Calais ; 7 N. Hesdin, 11 E. Mon-
treuil. Pop. 3S3. Near this village Henry V.
king of England, with an army of 22,000 men,
gained a complete victory over an army of
60,000 Frenchmen. The loss of the English
amounted to about 1700 private men, and the
duke of York, the king's uncle ; while the loss

on the side of the French, besides 120 lords
carrying banners, and several princes of the
blood, amounted to 8000 gentlemen of family,
and 2000 private men killed, and 14,000 made
prisoners. The battle was fought the 25th of
October 1415.
Agmska, r. Siberia, Which runs into the
Uda, Lon. 98. 14. E. Lat. 52. 20. N.
Agioi Gregorio, small isl. Mediterranean,
near the coast of Natolia ; 28 ESE. Satalia.
Agioi Saranta, t. Candia; 16 S. Settia.
Agioi Sarenlo, t. Albania, on the coast oppo
site Corfu. Lon. 50. 6. E. Lat. 33. 50. N.
Agioi Stephana, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia,
near the sea coast; 5 NW. Cape Chelidoni.
Agioloi Bassardseck,ov Haz-Oghu-Bezarzich,
t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 40 NW. Varna,
127 NE. Adrianople.
Agisymba, t. Africa, in Congo.
Agla, or Aguita, t. Fez, near the Guarga.
Aglasoun, (an. Lysone,) t. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 8 SW. Isbarteh.
Aglia, t. Piedmont, in the marquisate of
Ivrea; 7 S. Ivrea. Pop. 3,235.
Agli-bashi, t. Natolia ; 15 E. Alah-Shehr.
1 Aglone, r. Prussia, which runs into the Min
nie, near Procul3.
Agmel, or Agmat, t. Morocco, on the wes
tern declivity of Mount Atlas near a river of
the same name; 18 SE. Morocco. This town
gives name to a province which forms part of
ancient Mauritania ; and was once a populous
city, surrounded with walls. It is pleasantly
situated, but at present chiefly inhabited by
gardeners, potters, and labourers.
Agmondesham, or Amersham, t. Eng., in
Bucks, in the road from London to Aylesbu
ry ; 26 NW London. Lon. 0. 38. W. Lat.
51. 40. N. Pop. 2,259. It sends two mem
bers to parliament ; market on Tuesday.
Agnadello. or Aignadello, t. Aust. Italy, in
Milan, on a canal between the Adda and Se-
rio ; 12 N. Lodi. Near this village Louis XII.
king of France, defeated the Venetians, May
1509. In August, 1706, another battle was
fought in the same place, when the duke of
Vendome defeated Prince Eugene.
Agnam, see Goumel.
Agnano, remarkable lake, Naples, in Lavo-
ra, about 3 miles in circ. on the verge of which
are warm baths, called the baths of Agnano,
or more usually the baths of St. Germain ; and
the Grotto del Cane, the vapours of which
prove fatal to animals held too long over it.
Agnetlin, t. Transylvania, on the Herpach,
orHoprach; 10 WNW. Fogaras.
Agni Cornu, now Megaizel.
Agno, t. Switz., in Tesin ; 3 SW. Lugano.
Agno, or Patria, r. Naples, which runs into
the sea 7 or 8 N. Puzzuoli.
Agnon, t. Sicily, between Leontini and Ca
tania, now in ruins.
Agnona, or Anglona, t. Naples, in the Abruz
zo Citra ; 9 SSE. Civita Borella.
Ago, t. on W. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120. 45.
E. Lat. 16. 48. N.
Agoada, see Felusje.
Agoas Bellas, t. Portugal, in Estramadura;
10 NE. Thomar.
Agoas de Mourn, t. Portugal, in Estramadu
ra; 21 NE. Setuval.

AGR

21

AGU

Agoas Ouenlas, t. Portugal, in Estramadura;
21 ENE. Abrantes.
Agobel, t. Africa, in Trcmecen ; 10 Oran.
Agoga, t. Africa, in Whidah, on the Jakin ;
18 SSW. Siab.
Agogna, see Gogna.
Agogliastfo, or Aguilastro, small isl. Medi
terranean ; 3 N. cape Barbarossa, in Sardinia.
Agoona, district, Africa, on the Gold Coast,
20 miles E. and W. ; 15 N. h S. Pop. about
10,000. Lat. 5. to 5. 20. N. Chief towns, Win-
ncbah, Agoona, and Fettah.
Agou, isl. Sweden, gulf of Bothnia, with a
good harbour. Lon. 17. 14. E. Lat. 61. 32. N.
Agoola, t. Africa, in Geba ; 20 W. Geba.
Agoree, t. Hind., Benares ; 13 W. Bidzikur.
Agosta, or Augusta, s-p. Sicily, on SE. coast,
in the valley of Noto; 18 N. Syracuse. Lon. 15.
14. E. Lat. 37. 16. N. Pop. 15,000. H. 1,836.
It is situated on a peninsula at the bottom of
a gulf, and has one of the safest ports in the
island, and is slightly fortified. In 1693, more
than one third of the inhabitants were destroy
ed by an earthquake, being crushed amid the
ruins of their houses. The town has since
been built on a regular plan, with low houses,
in order to prevent a similar calamity.
Agosta, isl. in the Adriatic, near the coast of
Dalmatia, about 18 miles in circ. ; 9 SW. Cur-
zola. Lon. 18. 12. E. Lat. 43. 2. N.
Agot, small isl. in the. English Channel, near
the coast of France. "Lon. 2. 4. W. Lat. 48.
38. N.
, Agou, t. Africa, in Whidah ; 5 N. Sabi.
Agouna, km. Africa, in the Gold coast,
about 45 miles in extent from mount Diabola
to Aquambo.
Agousa, s-p. Paros. Lon. 25. 19. E. Lat.
37. 7. N.
Agout, (an. Acutus,) r. France, which runs
into the Tarn, near Rabesteins.
Agows, remarkable people, Abyssinia, in
habiting a very fertile and populous district to
the east of the sources of the Bahr-el-Azrek ;
about 60 miles long, and 30 broad. Another
tribe, called the Tcherelz Agows, inhabit a
district on the north side of the Tacazze.
They were converted to Christianity in the
17th century; are of short stature, and speak
a language entirely different from the Abyssi
nian. Agoyarna, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 17. 84. E. Lat. 61. 33. N.
Agra, subah or pr. Hind., bounded N. by
the province of Delhi, E. by Oude, S. by Mal-
wa, and W. by Agimere ; about 250 miles long,
and 180 broad. It is watered by the Ganges,
Jumnah, and Chumbul, and, produces indigo,
sugar, cotton, and all kinds of grain, except
rice, for which the soil is not sufficiently
moist. It is divided into 13 districts.
Agra, called by the Mahometans Akbarabad,
city, Hind., capital of the province of the
same name, and seat of the British civil au
thority, on S. side of the Jumnah ; 92 SSE.
Delhi. Lon. 77. 56. E. Lat. 27 12. N. Pop.
estimated in i818, at 60,000. It was originally
a village, till in 1501, the emperor Sekunder
Lody built a city on its site, and in the 16th
century the emperor Akhar built a palace

here, and it continued the seat of empire till
1647, when Delhi became the capital. In the
17th century it was one of the largest and most
celebrated cities of India, 14 miles in circuit,
fortified, and said to contain 600, or 800,000
inhabitants. The houses are built of stone,
and of several stories, but the streets are so
narrow as scarcely to admit of a palanquin.
The greatest part of the city is now a heap of
ruins, and almost uninhabited. — About 3 miles
below the city is the Taje Mahel, perhaps the
most superb mausoleum in the world, built of
white marble, inlaid with precious stones, be
tween 1631 and 1640. Six miles north ol
Agra is the mausoleum of Akber. From the
top of the minaret in front of it, the specta
tor's eye may range over a flat countiy, 30
miles in extent.— The Baptist and Church mis
sionary societies have missionaries at Agra.
Dr. Corrie, under the direction of the latter,
arrived here with Abdool Messee, a celebrat
ed native convert, in 1813.
Agragansk, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus, on
a point of land, which extends into the Cas
pian sea ; 65 N. Derbend. Lon. 49. 44. E.
Lat. 43. 5. N.
Agraiser, t. Hind., in Oude ; 36 NE. Man-
ickpour. Lon. 82. 17. E. Lat. 26. 8. N.
Agrakova, t. Russia, in Archangel, on the
coast of the White Sea ; 6S W. Archangel.
Agram, or Zagrab, t. cap. Croatia, and of a
county of the same name, 145 S. Vienna. Lon.
16. 16. E. Lat. 45.49. N. Pop. 17,266. Bp.
see. It is situated near the Save, and contains
an academy and a gymnasium. — Pop. of the
county, 1S3,968. Sq. m. 1,290. Produce, grain,
tobacco, wood, potash, iron,&.c.
Agramont, t. Spain, Catalonia, on a moun
tain, near a small river, and capital of a dis
trict ; 10 NE. Balaguer, 8 NW. Cervera. Lon.
0. 57. E. Lat. 41. 45. N. Pop. 3,000.
Agreda, (an. Gracchuris,) t. Spain, in Old
Castile, on the frontiers of Aragon ; 9 SW.
Tarar.ona. Pop. 3,200.
Agreda, t. S. A. in Popayan ; 40 N. Quito.
Agri, (an. Aciris,) r. Naples, which runs into
the gulf of Tarentam, at Pelicaro.
Agria, see Erlau.
Agrianes, now Ergene.
Agrigan, or Island of Xavier, one of the
Ladrones or Mariana islands, in N. Pacific
Ocean, 48 miles in circ. Lon. 146. E. Lat.
19. 40. N. It is mountainous, and has several
volcanoes. Agrigenlum, now Girgenti.
Agri Hum, now Biledgick.
Agrimonte, or Agromonte, t. Naples, in Basil
icata ; 8. W. Tursi.
Agriomela, r. Eu. Turkey, Thessaly, which
runs into the sea near Zeiton.
Agropoli, (an. Acropolis,) t. Naples, in the
Principato Citra, on E. side of the Gulf of
Salerno ; 22 SSE. Salerno, 30 NW. Policas-
tro. Lon. 14. 54. E. Lat. 40. 22. N. Pop. 634.
Agroliri, now Cape Goito.
Agua, or Oegwa, t. Africa, on the Gold
Coast, between Cape Coast and Elmina ; con
taining about 200 houses.
Agua de Pao, t. St. Michael, one of the
Azore islands.

AGU

22

AHU

Agua de Poxes, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 15
S. Evora.
Aguaeatlan, t. Mexico, in Guasteca; 60S.
Panuco. Aguaealelin, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 75
W. Guadalaxara.
Aguada, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
Ocean, Lat. 24. 48. S.
Aguada, fortress, Hind., in Soonda, on the
coast ; 5 NW. the island of Goa.
Aguada, r. Portugal, which runs into the
Duero, E. Lamego.
Aguada, i. America, in Darien, which runs
into the Pacific Ocean, Lat. 6. N.
Aguada, de St. Bras, or Vlees-Bay, bay, In
dian sea, on the coast of Caffraria. Lon. 39.
10. E. Lat. 34. 5. S.
Aguada de Saldana, gulf on the coast of Af
rica ; 45 N. Table Bay.
Aguadir Toma, t. Morocco, in Sus ; 39 S.
Santa Cruz.
Aguahilco, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 17
leagues W. Guadalaxara. It contains upwards
of 100 Indian families.
Aguan, r. Mexico, in Honduras, which runs
into the Spanish main ; 60 W. Cape Camaron.
Aguana, t. capital of Guam, one of the La-
drone Islands, and the residence of the gover
nor. It is a pleasant town, containing about
500 houses.
Aguano, t. Quito ; 20 S. La Laguna.
Aguar, t. Bahar, Tyroot; 42 E. Durbungah.
Aguas Calientes, city, Mexico, in New Ga-
licia, 35 leagues N. W. Guadalaxara. It con
tains about 500 Spanish families, besides mu-
lattoes ; and 3 convents. Here are warm
springs. Aguatlan, t. Mexico, in Xalisco ; 30 SE.
Compostella. Aguaiviri, see Avaviri.
Agualulco, s-p. Mexico, in Guaxaca ; 100
SSE. Guaxaca. Lon. 97. 43. W. Lat. 16. N.
Agueda, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 7 E. Aveiro.
Agveh, or Aghisi, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia,
on the Black Sea ; 10 E. Erekli.
Agueira, t. Portugal, in Beira; 21 ENE.
Lamego. Aguelaon, one of the Laccadive islands, in
the Indian sea. Lon. 73. 25. E. Lat. 11. N.
Agueperse, or Aigueperse, (Aqua Sparsai,) t.
France, in Puy-de-dome, in the district of
Riom; 20 NNE. Riom. Pop. 2,536.
Aguer, (an. Visugrum,) t. Morocco, built by
the Portuguese, who have long since forsaken
it. Near Cape Aguer.
Aguesto, see Commendo.
Aguier de Beira, t. Portugal, in Beira; 21
NE. Viseu.
Aguiguan, or the Island of Holy Angels, Pac.
Ocean, 9 miles in compass, mountainous, but
pleasant, and formerly well inhabited ; 12 SW.
Tinian. Lon. 14. 6. E. Lat. 14. 43. N.
Aguila, district, Fez, Africa, which has a
capital of the same name on the river Aguila.
It is generally sandy and barren.
Aguilar, t. Spain, Navarre ; 12 SW. Estella.
Aguilar, t. Spain, Cordova ; 32 S. Cordova.
Aguilar del Campo, t. Spain, in Old Castile ;
40 NW. Burgos, 65 ENE. Leon. Lon. 4. 9. W.
Lat. 42. 47. N. Pop. 1,200.

Agul, r. Russia, which runs into the Kan,
Lon. 95. 24. E. Lat. 53. 16. N.
Aguma, t. Benin ; 15 SW. Benin.
Aguntum, now Inichen.
Agwarca, t. Asia, in Mocaumpour; 72 W.
Mocaumpour. Ahanta, country, Africa, on the Gold Coast,
extending from Ancoba to the Chamah. It is
fertile, and is the richest and most improved
district on this coast, and produces an abun
dance of tropical fruits. Chief towns, Axim,
Dixcove, Succondee.
Ahar, t. Hind., in Gohud ; 28 S. Narwa, 192
SE. Agimere. Lon. 78. 30. E. Lat. 25. 14. N,
Ahasa, or Ahsa, see Laehsa.
Ahaus, see Aahus.
Ahdingar, t. Hind., in Oude, on the Dewa ;
40 SSE. Goorackpour.
Ahdun, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 30 SSW.
Candahar. Ahgadeep, t. Bengal ; 31 NNE. Burdwan..
Aheedo, district on NE. coast of Owhyhee.
Ahenus, t. Egypt, on lake Bathen ; 8 W.
Benisuef. Aher, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 20 N. Tabris.
Ahiohe, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the
Black Sea ; 10 S. Semendria.
Ahkooly, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 5 S. Chinna
Balabarum. Ahlen, see Alen.
Ahlden, t. Hanover, in Luneburg, near the
left bank of the Aller ; 20 N. Hanover. Lon.
9. 40. E. Lat. 52. 49. N. Pop. 686. Here is
a palace where Sophia Dorothea, consort of
George I. king of England, resided from the
year 1694 to 1726, after the separation from
her husband.
Ahmedabad, see Amedabad.
Ahlerstedt, t. Han., in Bremen ; 10 S. Stade,
Ahmirabad, circar, Bengal, surrounded on
all sides by Dacca, near the gulf of Bengal ;
about 40 miles long and 10 broad. ¦ Colinda is
the chief town.
Ahoni, s-p. Africa, on the coast of Benin.
Ahpmoojeene-Gamook, lake, Maine, 20 N..
Moosehead lake.
Ahr, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 39 N. Ardebil.
Ahr, r. Ger., which runs into the Rhine, 2
miles above Remigen.
Ahraban, see Araban.
Ahrberg, t. Bav., Rezat ; 3 SW. Ohrenbau.
Ahrcnsbock, t. Holstein ; 12 NNW. Lubeck.
Ahrensdorf, t. Prussia, Brandenburg, in Pots
dam; 6 SSE. Potsdam.
Ahrireah, t. Bengal ; 10 W. Purneah.
Ahrouni, t. Hind., in Hissar ; 35 W. Hissar.
Ahrweiler, t. Pru., Coblentz, on the Ahr,
celebrated for its wine; 24 NW. Coblentz.
Lon. 7. 3. E. Lat. 50. 25. N. Pop. 2,675.
Ahsa, t. Persia, Kerman ; 60 NW. Kabis.
Ahsa, see Ahasa.
Ahsa, or Ahasa, see Ahuazi.
Ahtareen, t. Syria ; 16 N. Aleppo.-
Ahter, t. Hind., in Agra ; 45 SE. Agra.
Ahuarica, t. Quito, which runs into the Na-
po ; 25 NW. St. Josef de Huales.
Ahuazi, or Ahwas, or Havisa, t. Persia in
Chusistan, on the Karasu ; 40 N. Bassorah '45
SW. Suster. Lon. 48. 58. E. Lat. 46. 10.' N.
It was formerly large and flourishing, the

AID

23

AIL

Wintering place of Artabanes, the last of the
Parthian kings. It is now a poor place, con
taining only about 700 inhabitants.
Ahun, (an. Acitodunum,) t. France, in the
Creuse ; 8 S. Gueret. Pop. 1,850.
Ahunguran, t. Asia, in Cabul ; 5 S. Suffa.
Alius, t. Sweden, in Schonen, on the Helge ;
6. SSE. Christianstadt. Lon. 14. 16. E. Lat.
55. 55. N.
Ahuwan, t. Persia, in Comis ; 30 SSW. Da-
megan. .Ultras river, see Karasu.
Ai, or Gadi, now Hai.
Aia, or Allia, r. Italy, which unites with the
Tiber, 19 miles above Rome.
Aiagha Tag, (an. Zagres,) ridge of moun
tains in W. part of Persia extending to Lake
Van, and which formerly separated Assyria
from Media.
Aia-ka-la, fortress, Turkish Armenia, on
Mount Aras ; 6 SE. Anisi, 60 W. Erivan.
Aiandu,m, t. Natolia ; 24 WSW. Sinob.
Aiar-Cazra, t. Grand Bukharia; 55 E. Sa-
ganian. Aias, t. Turkestan ; 45 NE. Turkestan.
Aias, (an. Therma,) t. Natolia; 25 W. An-
gura. H. 600. It is celebrated for warm baths.
Aias, or Ajasso, (an. Issus, and Nicopolis,)
s-p. A. Turkey, in Marasch, in a bay of the
Mediterranean, called the Gulf of Ajasso; 20
N. Alexandretta, 36 SSW. Marasch. Lon. 36.
5. E. Lat. 36. 45. N. It is celebrated for its
warm baths, and for a battle fought, B, C. 333,
between Alexander and Darius. In this battle
100,000, it is- said, were slain.
Aiash, t. Natolia ; 32 W. Angura.
Aiasmali, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the
coast of the Archipelago ; 12 W. Pergamo.
Aib, t. Bavaria; 6 NW. Burg Eberach.
Aibecca, small town, Hind., in Travancore
on the coast ; 90 NW. Cape Comorin. Lon.
76. 33. E. Lat. 9. N.
Aibling, t. Bavaria, on the Mangauld ; 22
SE. Munich, 18 SSW. Wasserburg. Pop. 924.
Aichach, t. Bavaria, on the Paar; 12 ENE.
Augsburg. Lon. 11. 2. E. Lat. 48. 25. N.
Pop. 1,502.
Aichberg, t. Austria ; 8 NW. Efferding.
Aichburg, t. Stiria; 4 SSE. Fridberg.
Aichkirchen, t. Austria ; 7 WNW. Schwan-
nastat. Aichlberg, t. Carinthia ; 12 WNW. Willach.
Aichsladt, or Aichstetl, or Eiclisiett, city, Ba
varia, capital of a district, in the circle of the
U. Danube, on the Athmuhl ; 32 NNE. Augs
burg. Lon. 11. 10. E. Lat.48.53.N. Pop.5,596.
H. 900. Bp. see. It contains a cathedral, 5
churches, 2 hospitals, a gymnasium, a semina
ry, and a public library. A convent in this
town is much visited by zealous Catholics, on
account of a pretended relic of St. Wilibald.
Aichstadt, Ober, t. Bavaria, on the Altmuhl ;
3 W. Aichstadt.
Aicht, t. Bavaria ; 9 SE. Bayreuth.
Aidhab, or Gaidhab, s-p. Nubia, on the Red
Sea; Lon. 36. E. Lat. 22. 12. N.
Aidin, district, A. Turkey, in part of Nato
lia, of which Smyrna is the chief city.
Aidinschick, t. A Turkey, in Natolia, on the
sea of Marmora ; 6 SE. Artaki, 70 WNW.
Bursa. Lon. 27. 40. E. Lat. 40. 12. N.

Aidona, t. Sicily, in Noto ; 4 NE. Piazza.
Aieta, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 7 NW.
Scalea. Aigen, t. Austria, on the confines of Bohe
mia ; 24 NW. Steyregg, 105 W. Vienna ; Lon.
13. 54. E. Lat. 48. 33. N.
Aigendiah, t. Cyprus ; 18 SSW. Famagusta.
Aiglande, t. France, in Channel; 12 NE.
Countances. Aigle, V, t. France, and capital of a district,
in Orne, on the Rille ; 21 NE. Sees, 33 NE.
Alencon. Lon. 0. 42. E. Lat. 48. 46. N. Pop.
5,947. Here the Dukes of Normandy had a
castle. Aigle, L', r. France, which runs into the
Loir, between Chateaudun and Cloye.
Aigle, t. Switz., in Vaud, capital of a dis
trict; 36 ENE. Geneva. Lon. 18. 50. E. Lat.
46. 22. N. Pop. 2,500. Here are saline springs
and salt-works.
Aign, t. Austria ; near it is a medicinal
spring; 2 SE. Salzburg.
Aignan, t. France, in Gcrs ; 20 W. Auch.
Aignay le Due, t. France, in Cote-d'Or ; 12
SSE. Chatillon.
Aigre, t. France, in Charente; 16 N. An,
goulesme. Pop. 1,428.
Aigrefeuille, t. France, in Lower-Loire ; 10
S. Nantes.
Aigueperse, see Agueperse.
Aigues, i-. France, which empties itself into
the Rh6ne, near Orange.
Aigues-Mortes, t. France, in Gard ; 12 ESE,
Montpelier. Lat. 4. 11. E. Lat. 43. 39. N. Pop
5,045. Aigues-Vives, t. France, in Gard; 15 NE.
Montpelier. Aiguebelle, t. France, in Drome; 6 SE.
Montelimart. Aiguebello, t. Savoy, on the river Arc ; 15
E. Chamberry.
Aiguillon, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
12 NW. Agen. Pop. 2,380.
Aiguines, t. France, Var ; 16 NE. Barjols.
Aigurande, t. -France, in Indre ; 25 S. Cha-
teauroux. Pop. 1,580.
Aijalton,t. Syria; 35 S. Tripoli. It is situ
ated in a mountainous but fertile country.
Aikes, t. Transylvania ; 18 NE. Clausenburg.
Aikmane, r. Palestine, which rises in Antili-
banus, and runs into the sea, 9 N. Acre.
Aiko, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, near
E. coast. Lon. 21. 10. E. Lat. 61. 13. N.
Ailah, t. Arabia Petraea, at NW. extremity
of the Bahr el Accaba; 1Q8 E. Suez Lon
40. 5. E. Lat. 28. 55. N. It is called in the
scriptures Eloth and Elath : and in profane
history ASlana. It is said to have been a sea
port of the Edomites, taken from them by Da
vid ; and hence Solomon sent ships to Ophir.
It is now in ruins, having only a fortress where
a governor resides.
Allan, r. Siberia, which runs into the Pen-
zinskaia gulf, near Oklansk.
Ailant-sur-Tholon, t. France, in Yonne; 7
NW. Auxerre. '
Aillas, t. France, in Gironde ; 6 NE. Bazas.
Ailly le haute Clocher, v. France, in Somme ¦'
15 WNW. Amiens.
Ailly, t. France, in Somme ; '9 SSE. Amiens.

A1N

24

A1S

Ailsa, or Elsa, small rocky island in the
Frith of Clyde, near W. coast of Scotland, of
a conical form, covered on the top with heath
and a little grass. It is a conspicuous object,
and is 940 feet high. It is not inhabited by
any human creature, but affords refuge to an
immense number of sea-fowl, which breed on
it, and is stocked with rabbits, and a few
goats. Lon. 5. 0. W. Lat. 55. 18. N.
Aimakan, r. Siberia, which runs into the sea
of Ochotskoc, Lon. 139. 14. E. Lat. 54.40. N.
Aimarmz, pr. Peru, bounded W. and NW. by
Andaguayhis ; 120 miles long, and 26 broad.
Pop. 15,000.
Aimen, lake, Finland, N. Lake Saima.
Aimheyabak, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast.
Lon. 3. 6. W, Lat. 6. 10. N.
Aimo, or Aymo, t. Savoy ; 18ENE. Moustier.
Aimolier, t. France, in Upper- Vienne ; 20
SE. Limoges. Pop. 2,160.
Aimur, country, Hind., possessed by Scin-
-diah and the Mahrattas, and containing 7 cir-
cars. Ain, dcp. France, bounded N. by Sa6ne-
and-Loire and Jura, E. by Switzerland and
fiavoy, S. by the Rhone, which separates it
from Isere, and W. by the river Saune, which
divides it from Indre-and-Loire and Saflne-
and-Loire ; about 45 miles from E. to W., and
from 30 to 45 N. to S. This department is
composed of a part of Burgundy, containing,
before the revolution, the countries of Gex,
Dombes, and Bresse. Bourg en Bresse is the
capital. Pop. 304,468. Sq. m. 2,191.
Ain, r. France, which rises in Mount Jura,
and runs into the Rhfine 15 m. above Lyons.
Ain, t. Arabian Irak ; 90 W. Bassora.
Ain-Beseese, t. Africa, in Algiers ; 24 WSW.
Burg Hamza.
Ain-Charin, v. Palestine ; 5 miles from Je
rusalem. A little to the west are the ruins of
a church and a monaster)', which, according
to tradition, were originally the abode of
Zacharias and Elizabeth.
Ain al Fcumah, t. Africa, in Algiers ; 12 W.
Constantina, Ain Gebel, t. Diarbekir; 40 SW. Mosul.
Ain Gilrain, t. Algiers ; 18 SSE. Burg
Hamza. Ain el Graab, t. Algiers; 25 SSE. Burg
Hamza. Ain-Haroof, t. desert of Syria, where there
is a well of water ; 150 SSE. Aleppo.
Ain ou Heide, t. Algiers ; 15 S. Tezzoute.
Ain ul Koum, warm spring in the desert of
Syria, the water of which, it is said, was once
conveyed 10 miles by means of an aqueduct,
to a city now in ruins, called Gussel ul Aain ;
100 ESE. Aleppo.
Ain c't Musa, (i. e. the well of Moses,) foun
tain of fresh water in the Arabia Petraja ; 10
SE. Suez.
Ayn Mylsa, t. Algiers ; 28 SSW. Bona.
Ain el Salali, t. Africa, in Tuat, on the fron
tier, 35 days' journey from Tripoli.
Ain el Trab, t. Algiers ; 20 SSE. Constantina.
Ain Verden, see Rasain.
Ainad, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut. Lon. 55.
50. E. Lat. IS. 25. N.
Ainargu, t. Cyprus ; 8 NNE. Baffa.

Ainay-le Chateau, t. France, in Allier; 24
NW. Moulins.
Aincreville, t. France, in Meuse ; 3 SW.
Dun, 16 NNW. Verdun.
Aine-boli, or Ineboli, (an. Abonitichos, and
lonopolis,) t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the
Black Sea; 80 W. Sinob. Long. 33. 28. E.
Lat. 42. 25. N. It is now a small village, but
is the port of Kastamouni.
Ainadeuhti, see Lepanto.
Aineh-Ghul, t. Natolia; 30 SSE. Bursa.
Aineh- Ghul, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on a
lake ; 13 S. Allah shehr:
Ainhour, t. Syria, on a river of the same
name ; 8 S. Balbeck.
Ainodl, t. Aust., in Stiria ; 8 N. Cilley.
Ainodl, or Soteska, citadel, Lower Carniola ;
5 NW. Rudolphswerth.
Ainos, the aborigines of Jesso and Sagha-
lien, called also Wild Kuriles. They are strong,
swift, somewhat below the middle size, of
dark complexion, and said to be covered with
an unnatural profusion of hair.
Ainsa, t. Spain, in Aragon, on the Ara, near
its conflux with the Cinca ; 18 N. Balbastro.
Lon. 5. 6. E. Lat. 42. 16. N. Pop. 500. This
town was once the capital of the small king
dom of Sobrarve.
Ainstie, district, Yorkshire, lying SW. of the
city, containing many townships and villages.
Aintab, see Anlab.
Ainzarba, see Anzarha.
Aiomana, t. Eu. Turkey in Macedonia, on
the gulf of Cassandra ; 40 SE. Saloniki. Lon.
23. 30. E. Lat. 40. 12. N.
Aiona, mt. Tuscany; 15 SW. Florence.
Aion Baba, a Papuan isle, 5 miles in circ.
surrounded by 15 smaller ones. Lon. 131. 10.
E. Lat. 0. 24. N.
Aios Constantinos, t. Candia ; 32SE. Canea.
Aiosolttc, see Ajasaluck.
Aiousdeka, t. Candia ; 2 N. Metropoli.
Air, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,760.
Air, see Ayr.
Airano, t. Italy ; 10 SE. Como.
Airdrie, t. Scot., in Lanerk; 9 E. Glasgow, ,
28 W. Edinburgh. It consists chiefly of one '
street about a mile long.
Aire, (an. Vicus Julii, Aturum, and Alurensi-
um Civitas,) t. France, in Landes, on the
Adour; before the revolution the see of a
bishop; 5 SE. Mont de Marsan. Lon. 0. 16.
W. Lat. 43. 42. N. Pop. 2,999.
Aire, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais, on the
Lis, in the midst of a morass ; 35 SE. Calais.
Lon. 2. 29. E. Lat. 50. 38. N. Pop. 8,627,
It is a strong town, and contains 2 hospitals
and 8 churches.
Aire, see Are.
Airola, t. Switz., in Uri; 21 S. Altorff.
Airon, r. France, which runs into the Loire
near Decise.
Airona, see Arona.
Airlh, t. Scot., in Stirling, near the Forth;
6 SE. Stirling, 28 W. Edinburgh.
Arnault, t. France, in Two-Sevres ; 10
NNE. Partenay. Pop. 2,068.
Aisa, t. Spain, in Aragon, in a valley to
which it gives name ; 7. N. Jaca.
Aisch, r. Bav., which rises near Burg Bern-

AIX

25

AJE

heim, and runs into the Rednitz, 2 NW. For-
cheim, Aisch, t. Bavaria ; 12 S. Bamberg.
Aise, or Laise, r. France, which runs into
the Ome, 9 miles above Caen.
Aiseau, t. Neth., Hainaut ; 3 ESE. Chatelet.
Aiserey, t. France, in Cdte-d'Or; 6 SSE.
Dijon. Aisey-le-Duc, t. France, in C6te-d'Or ; 7 SW.
Chatillon. Aiska, (. Japan, in Niphon; 40 SE. Jetsen.
Aisne, (an. Axona,) r. France, which rises
in Champagne, and joins the Oise near Com-
piegne. Aisne, dep. France, bounded N. by dep.
North, E. by Marne and Ardennes, S. by
Seine-and-Marne, and W. by Oise and Straits-
of-Calais ; about 70 miles in length from N.
to S., and from 22 to 45 in breadth from E. to
W. This department is composed of what,
before the revolution, was a part of Picardy,
the Laonnois, and Soissonnois. Laon is the
capital. Pop. 442,987. Sq. m. 2,892.
Aim, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 30 S. Nambu.
Aitau, mt. Russia, in Tobolsk. Lon. 69. 14.
E. Lat. 49. 40. N.
Ailizzart, Indians, on NW. coast N. A.
Aitona, see Aylona.
Ailterback, i-. Austria, which runs into the
Traun, 2 miles above Wels.
Aitrach, r. Ger., which rises in Waldburg,
and runs into the Iller, 7 SW. Memmingen.
Aix, (an. Aquce Sexlia;,) city, France, capi
tal of a district in Mouths-of-the-Rhone ; 45
SE. A. Avignon. Lon. 5. 97. E. Lat. 43. 32.
N. Pop. 21,009. H. 5,000. Abp. see. It is
situated near the river Arc, and is celebrated
for its warm springs. Before the Revolution
it was the capital of Provence and the seat of
a parliament. It contains a cathedral, a hos
pital, 22 churches, an academy with 2 facul
ties, formerly a famous university, and a libra
ry of 72,670 vols. It is one of the oldest
towns in France, and has considerable com
merce and manufactures. The articles of
export are various, but the most important is
oil.-Natives, Tournefourt, Adanson,and Claud.
Aix, t. Savoy, on the lake of Bourget, with
a small district, to which the title of Marqui-
sate is annexed ; 12 N. Chambery. Lon. 5.
48. Lat. 40. N. Pop. 2,068. It contains 3
warm baths, in much repute.
Aix, isl. near the W. coast of France, in the
Atlantic, between the isle of Oleron and the
continent; 12. SSW. Rochelle. Lon. 1. 11.
W. Lat. 46. 2. N.
Aix-en-Othe, t. France, Aube; 15 W. Troyes.
Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aachen, (an. Aquis Gra-
•num,) t. Pru., Lower Rhine, capital of a gov
ernment of the same name ; 25 NE. Liege,
36 SW. Cologne. Lon. 5. 54. E. Lat. 50. 52,
N. Pop. 27,164; including the military 32,500
H. 3;000. It is an old, but well built town,
and contains a gymnasium, 3 hospitals, and 4
Catholic, and 1 Lutheran church. The manu
factures, though greatly decreased, are still
considerable, and consist chiefly of cloth, with
copper and brass works. Here are 7 warm
baths, very celebrated, and mufii resorted to,
being used only for external ablutions.
Vol. I. 4

Aix-la-Chapelle was long the favourite resi
dence of Charlemagne, for some time the cap
ital of his empire, and the place where he was
buried in 814; hence it was long customary
to hold here the coronation of the emperors
of Germany. It held the second rank among
the imperial towns of the circle of Westphalia.
Two celebrated treaties of peace have been
concluded here; the first in 1668, between
France and Spain ; the second in 1748, be
tween the powers engaged in the war of the
Austrian succession. The town was entered
by the French troops in 1794, and continued
in the possession of France 20 years, till the
fall of Bonaparte, and was capital of the dep.
of the Roer. — A congress of the allied sove
reigns of Europe was weld here in 181S. — The
government is divided into 13 circles. Pop.
313,755. Sq. m. 1,452.
Aix d' Anguillon, or Aix Dam-Gilon, t.
France, in Cher, in the district of Bourges ;
9 NE. Bourges. Pop. 1,230.
Aixe, t. France, in Upper-Vienne, in the
district of Limoges, on the Vienne ; 6 WSW.
Limoges. Pop. 2,343.
Ai-yac-coute, district, Algiers, which takes '
its name from a fountain near the centre of it;
several fragments of Roman highways and
ruins are scattered about it. The fountain and
village are 30 W. Constantina.
Aizenay, t. France, in Vendee ; 30 S. Nantes.
Pop. 3,500.
Ajabira, or Agavira,t. Peru ; 105 S. Cusco.
Ajaccio, or Ajazzo, or Adjazzo, t. Corsica ;
33 SW. Corte. Lon. 8. 44. E. Lat. 41. 59. N.
Pop. 6,845. It is situated on N. side of a gulf,
to which it gives name, on W. coast. It is the
present capital of the island. It is pleasantly
situated, has a secure and commodious har
bour, is walled and protected by a citadel, and
is the best built harbour in Corsica. Napoleon
Bonaparte was born here in 1769.
Ajamali, t. Imiretta, on the Rione ; 10 SE.
Cotatis. Ajan, or Ajen, (an. Azania, or Barbarica,)
countiy on E. coast of Africa, extending from
Magadoxa to Cape Guardafui, 600 miles. Lat.
2 to 12. N. It is divided into several states or
kingdoms; the principal of which are Adel,
or Zeila, and Magadoxa. All the eastern coast
of Ajan is said to be sandy and barren ; but to
the N. the country becomes more fertile, pro
ducing an abundance of all sorts of provisions,
in which it derives a great commerce ; and
more particularly in an excellent breed o .
horses, in high request, which foreign mer
chants take in exchange for silks, cottons, and
other cloths.
-Ajanaba, t. Cyprus ; 16 SSW. Famagusta.
Ajasaluclc, v. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 2 W.
Ephesus, 35 S. Smyrna, This village was built
of materials obtained from the ruins of Ephe
sus, and has been erroneously taken for the
same place.- It contained in 1820, a mosque,
a caravansaiy, a few miserable Turkish huts,
ruins of baths, and other rubbish.
Ajetto, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, with a
considerable signioiy, which has the title of
dutchy; 9 SW. Cosenza.
Ajilmul, t. Hind., in Agra, 22 W. Caunpour

AKE

26

AKO

Ajilur, t. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 25 E. Chat-
terpour. Ajitmal, t. Hind., Agra; 40 SSW. Canoge.
Ajmeer, see Agimere.
Ajoam, t. Persia, Farsistan ; 30 N. Istakar.
Ajodin, see Adjodin.
Ajos, small isl. Sweden, in N. part of the
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 24. 24. E. Lat. 65. 38. N.
Ajsedabad, t. Persia, in Irak; 65 NNE.
Hamadan. Ajuduck, mt. Persia, E. Jaron.
Ajukiernuck, t. Grand Bukharia; 6 NW.
Cojend. Akaba, see Accaba,
Akably, see Akkably.
Akacan, r. Siberia, which joins the Judoma.
Lon. 139. 39. E. Lat. 60. 8. N.
Akai, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 60 SW. Meaco.
Akalgori, t. Georgia, in Carduel ; 30 NW.
Teflis, 20 SE. Gori.
Akalzike, Akiska, Aghalzighe, or Ghalzig,
(an. Seumara,) t. Turkish Armenia, capital of
the district of Satabago, or Akalzike, on
the Kur, 100 miles from the Black Sea, 90
NNW. Erivan, 100 SW. Teflis. Lon. 44. 6.
E. Lat. 40. 55. N. Pop. 15,000 ; or according
to others, only 400 houses. It has a castle, 2
mosques, 2 churches, and a synagogue, and
carries on considerable trade. The countiy
around is fertile and populous.
Akamapet, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 25 SE.
Calastri, 30 NE. Bomrauzepollam.
Akanimima, t. Africa, on the Ivory coast,
near Cape Apollonia.
Akansas, see Arkansas.
Akar, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 32 N. Bom
rauzepollam. Akara, t. Candahar ; 25 E. Paishawer.
Akara, t. Arabian Irac ; 10 SE. Sura.
Akasaki, t. Japan, on S. coast of Niphon ;
100 E. Meaco, 140 WSW. Jedo.
Akast, t. Arabia Deserta ; 70 E. Jerusalem.
Akalo, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 36 W. Meaco.
Akbeik-baba, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia; 20
NW. Eskishehr, 32 NNW. Kiutaja.
Akdash, t. Persia, in Schirvan; 90 WSW.
Scamachie. H. 300.
Ake, see Acre.
Akebala, or Akekala, t. Turkish Armenia, in
Erzerum ; 24 WNW. Erzerum.
Akebara, t. Arabian Irac, on the Tigris ; 30
NW. Bagdad.
Akeby, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Akens Rock, rock, N. Atlantic, W. of Tory
island. Lon. 9. 53. W. Lat. 55. 19. N. It is
represented to be in the form of a horse-shoe,
about 4 feet below the surface of the water,
and covered with sea-weed.
Akerkuf, mt. A. Turkey, E. Bagdad, sup
posed to be the ancient Babel.
Akerman, or Bielgorod, (an. Julia Alba and
Hesmonoctis,) t. Rus., Bessarbia, on the coast
of the Black Sea, at the mouth of the Dnies
ter ; 65 SE. Bender, 68 SW. Otchakov. Lon.
30. 44. E. Lat. 46. 12. N. Pop. stated for
merly at 20,000 ; more recently, at only 8,000
It contains a number of mosques, 1 catholic
and 1 Armenian church, and has some trade.
Akersloat, y. Holland ; 5 S. Alkmaer.

Akersund, bay, N. Sea, on the coast of Nor
way ; 30 WNW. Frederickstadt.
Akhisar, or White Castle, (an. Thyatira,) t.
Natolia, on the Sarabat; 40 SE. Pergamo.
Lon. 27. 49. E. Lat. 38. 15. N. It had in
1820, 1,000 houses, for which taxes were paid,
besides 2 or 300 small huts ; 350 of the houses
belonging to Greeks. There are 9 mosques, 1
Greek and 1 Armenian church. The streets
are narrow and dirty, and the houses low and
mean, many of them of mud. It abounds 'in
grain and cotton, and carries on a trade in
opium and carpets.
Aki, pr. Japan, in W. part of Niphon, with
a town of the same name.
Akili, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Black
Sea ; 25 ENE. Constantinople. Lon. 29. 33.
E. Lat. 41. 15. N.
Akily, or St. Colms, one of the Shiant isl
ands among the Hebrides. Lon. 6. 19. W.
Lat. 57. 53. N.
Akilondi, r. Africa, which rises from a lake
in the countiy of Matamba, and runs into the
Zaire ; 60 NE. Sundi in Congo.
Akim, country, Guinea, bordering on Aquam-
bo, which abounds in gold.
Akindatori, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 22 SE.
Mogami. Akisiki, t. Japan, Niphon ; 160 W. Meaco.
Akiska, see Akalzike.
Akiureck, t. Natolia ; 24 ESE. Kastamoni.
Akka, station, Africa, in Susa, bordering on
Sahara. It is a rendezvous^br caravans pro
ceeding from Morocco trfl'ombuctoo.
Akkably, t. Africa, capital of Twat, 2 days'
journey from Ain el Salah. The houses are
of stone. Lon. 4. 30. E. Lat. 23. 16. N.
Akkadia, t. Africa, in Sus. 15 NE. Wadi-
noon. Akkar, r. Syria, which rises near the town
so called in Mount Bargylus, and runs into the
Mediterranean ; 5 N. Orthosa.
Akkar, (an. Demelrias, and Ker,) t. Syria, on
Mount Bargylus, in Tripoli ; 30 E. Tripoli, 66
NNW. Damascus. Lon. 36. 10. E. Lat. 34.
32. N. The environs are pleasant and abound
with excellent fruit.
Akkas, t. Finland ; 20 NW. Tavasthus.
Akkia, isl. North Sea, near W. coast of East
Greenland. Lon. 46. W. Lat. 60. 38. N.
Akkiali, (an. Anchialus,) t. Eu. Turkey, in
Romania ; 8 E. Burgas.
Aklat, or Khalat, t. Curdistan, in Van, on
NW. coast of Lake Van; 80 WNW. Van.
Lon. 41. 22. E. Lat. 38. 35. N. The chief
employment of the inhabitants is fishing.
Akleh, t. Syria, on the borders of the desert ;
30 SE. Aleppo.
Akmelchet, or Simpheropol, t. Russia, in Tau-
rida,'on the Salgir; 30 NE. Sevastopol, 50 W.
Caffa. Pop. 1,550. It is pleasantly situated,
has a garrison of 1,000 or 1,500 men, and is
the residence of the governor of Taurida.
Akmim, see Achmim.
Ako, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 100 S. Jetsen.
Nkoat, t. Hind., in Berar ; 25 W. Ellichpour.
74 E. Burhampour. Lon. 77. 38. E. Lat 21
38. N.
Akolingan, t. Celebes, in Buggess bay. Lat.
2. 5. S.

ALA

27

ALA

Mowlah, t. Hind., in Berar ; 44 S. Etlich-
pour, 104 ENE. Aurungabad. Lon. 77. 35. E.
Lat. 20. 37. N.
Akpatok, isl. in SE. part of Hudson's Straits.
Lat. 60. 15. N.
Akquedan, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast, with
a Dutch factory.
Akrauny, t. Hind., in Candeish, 70 ESE.
Surat. Akrida, see Acrida.
Akroe, small isl. near Iceland, where eider-
ducks breed in great numbers.
Akschiaska, t. and fortress, Russia; 48 S.
Doroninsk. Akserai, (an. Garsaura,) t. A. Turkey, in
Caramania; 60 NE. Konieh, 160 S. Sinob.
Lon. 34. E. Lat. 38. 57. N. H. 150.
Akshai, r. Asia, which rises in Mount Cau
casus, and runs into the Caspian Sea, 18 S.
Terki. Akshehr, (an. Antioch in Pisidia,) t. Natolia;
60 NW. Konieh, 200 SE. Constantinople.
Lon. 31. 16. E. Lat. 38. 27. N., It is the cap
ital of a province, and has considerable trade
in carpets, wool, wax, galls, and gum.
Aksheshahr, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the
Black Sea; 90 E. Constantinople, 28 NW.
Boli. Lon. 31. 10. E. Lat. 41. 15. N.
Aksiai, r. Armenia, which runs into the Aras.
Aksicat, t. Turkestan, in Fergana, on a river
which runs into the Sihun, 80 SE. Tashkund.
Lon. 66. 30. E. Lat. 42. 12. N.
Aksorein, see Luxorein.
Aksu, see Acsi.
Aksuma, t. Turkestan ; 60 NE. Taraz.
Aktala, t. Georgia, in Carduel ; 70 S. Teflis.
Aktamar, t. Curdistan, on a small island in
the lake Van ; 20 WSW. Van.
Aktau, t. Russia, in Tobolsk. Lon. 71. E.
Lat. 49. 20. N.
Aktuba, r. Russia, originating from the Vol
ga, 12 miles above Tzaritzin, and rejoining it
above the entrance into the Caspian Sea.
Akveri, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Kur ; 18
E. Akalzike.
Akumi, t. Japan, Niphon ; 50 S. Acheta.
Akun, one of the Fox islands. Lon. 193.
44. E. Lat. 54. 10. N.
Akunpour, t. Hind., in Oude, on the left
bank of the Dewa ; 15 ESE. Fyzabad.
Akwrla, t. Persian Armenia ; 27 SSE. Eri-
van. Akutan, one of the Fox islands. Lon. 193.
4: E. Lat. 53. 50. N.
Ala, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 18 NE. Naka.
Ala, (Al,) t. Arabia, in Hedjaz ; 40 N. Val-
dicora. Alaba, or Alava, small province, Spain,
once a part of the ancient Cantabria, and one
of the three Merindads of Biscay. It is bound
ed N. and W. by Biscay, S. by Rioxa and Na
varre, E. by Guipuscoa. The land is fertile,
and produces wheat and barley, with several
kinds of fruits, and the wine is tolerable good.
In it are mines of iron, ,and excellent steel, in
which a considerable trade is carried on. The
people in temper and manners are between
the Catalans and Biscayners, inclining rather
to the latter. The principal towns are Vitto-
ria, Salvatiera, and Trevigno. Pop. 71,399.
Sq. m. 1,338.

Alaba, now Alagon.
ALABAMA, one of the U. States, bounded
N. by Tennesse, E. by Georgia, S. by Florida
and the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by Mississip
pi. Lon. 85 to 88. 30. W. Lat. 30. 10. to 35.
N.; 317 miles long from N. to S., and 174
from E. to W. Sq. m. about 46,000. Pop. in
1810, less than 10,000; in 1816, 29,683; in
1818, 70,544 ; in 1820, 127,901, of whom
41,879 were slaves ; 30,642 engaged in agri
culture, 452 in commerce, and 1,412 in man
ufactures. Number of militia in 1821, 11,281.
Alabama formerly comprised the eastern part-
of Mississippi territory, but was erected into
a separate territorial government in 1817, and
into a state in 1819.
Divisions. It is divided into 24 counties,
which, with their population, according to the
census of 1820, are exhibited in the following
table :

Counties. Pop.
Autauga  3,853
Baldwin  1,713
Bibb  3,676
Blount  2,415
Butler  1,405
Cataco  5,263
Clark  5,839
Conecuh  5,713
Dallas  6,003
Franklin  4,9S8
Greene  4,554
Henry  2,638

Counties. Pop.
Jackson  8,751 -
Lauderdale  4,963
Limestone  9,871
Madison  17,481
Marengo  2,933
Mobile  2,672
Monroe  8,338
Montgomery ...6,604
St. Clair  4,166
Shelby  2,416
Tuscaloosa  8,229
Wilcox  2,917

Total population  127,901
Chief towns. Cahawba is the seat of gov
ernment. Mobile and Blakely are the princi
pal ports. The other most considerable towns
are St. Stephens, Huntsville, and Claiborne.
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Alaba
ma, Tombigbee, Mobile, Black-Warrior, Coosa,
Tallapoosa, Tennessee, Chatahoochee, Perdi-
do, Cahawba, and Conecuh.
Face of the country. The southern part of
the state, which borders on the gulf of Mexico
and Florida, for the space of 50 or 60 miles
wide, is low and level, covered with pine, cy
press, and loblolly ; in the middle it is hilly,
with some tracts of open land or prairies ; in
the northern part it is somewhat broken and
mountainous. The Alleghany mountains ter
minate in the northeast part. The forest trees
in the middle and northern divisions, are post,
black, and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar,
chesnut, pine, mulberry, he.
Soil. The soil is various, but a large part of
it is excellent. In the south it is generally
sandy and barren ; and a part of the high
lands are unfit for cultivation. A large por
tion of the country, which lies between the
Alabama and Tombigbee, of that part watered
by the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and of that on
the Tennessee, consists of very excellent land.
On the margin of the rivers there is a quantity
of cane bottom land of great fertility, gener
ally from J to j mile wide. On the outside of
this is a space, which is low, wet, and inter
sected by stagnant water. Next to this r\vev

ALA

28

ALA

swamp, and elevated 10 or 15 feet above it,
succeeds an extensive body of level land, of
a black, rich, soil, with a growth of hickory,
black oak, post oak, poplar, dogwood, &c.
After this comes the prairies, which are wide
spreading plains, or gently waving land, with
out timber, clothed with grass, herbage, and
flowers, exhibiting in the month of May the
most enchanting scenery.
Productions. Cotton is the staple produc
tion, and is raised in great quantities. Other
productions are corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats,
he. Iron ore is found in several places, and
coal abounds on the Black Warrior and Ca
hawba. Climate. The climate in the southern part,
of the bottom land bordering on the rivers,
and of the country bordering on the Muscle
Shoals, is unhealthy. In the elevated countiy,
the climate is veiy fine ; the winters are mild,
and the summers pleasant, being tempered by
breezes from the gulf of Mexico.
4The population of this state from the time
when the first settlement was commenced,
lias increased with remarkable rapidity. Oc
cupying the valley of the Mobile and its tribu
tary streams, the Alabama and Tombigbee, its
position in an agricultural and commercial
point of view is highly advantageous, and
from the fertility of its soil, and the value of
its productions, it may be expected to become
an important member of the Union.
Indians. The Cherokee Indians occupy the
NE. corner of the state ; the Creeks the east-
tern part, and the Chickasaws and Choctaws
the western.
Alabama, r. which gives name to the state
so called. It is formed by the junction of the
Coosa and Tallapoosa, and flowing SSW.,
unites with the Tombigbee, 45 miles above
Mobile bay, to form the river Mobile- From
the junction to Claiborne, 60 miles, it is navi
gable at all seasons for vessels drawing 6 feet
water. From Claiborne to the mouth of the
Cahawba, about 150 miles, the river has 4 or
5 feet of water. From the mouth of the Ca
hawba to the junction of the Coosa and Talla
poosa, the navigation generally continues
good, the river affording 3 feet of water in the
shallowest places. The river is subject to great
variation by rising and falling. See Coosa
and Tallapoosa.
Alabama, p-t. Alabama, on the Alabama, 10
miles below Fort Jackson.
Alabaster Rocks, range of rocks among the
Bahamas, along E. coast of Eleuthera.
Alabat, small isl. India Sea, near E. coast of
Lucon. Lon. 122. 30. E. Lat. 14. 27. N.
Aliberli, t. Hind., in Delhi ; 20 SW. Delhi. ¦
Alablac, see Tima.
Alacananda, one of the principal head
branches of the Ganges.
Alachua Savannah, level green plain, bare of
trees and shrubs, in the country of Indians of
the same name in E. Florida, 15 miles in ex
tent, encircled with high sloping hills covered
with orange groves. 75 W, St. Augustine.
Alacranes, range of rocks in the gulf of Mex
ico, near the coast of Yucatan. "Lon. 90 W.
Lat. 22. 36. N.
Aladan, or Alada, cluster of small islands in

the Mergui Archipelago, near the coast of Si-
am. The principal are Auriol's, Christie's;
Graham's island, and Alexander's Peak. Lon.
97. 52. E. Lat. 7. 20. N.
Aladjiam, t. Natolia, on the Black Sea ; 50
SE. Sinob. Lon. 35. 50. E. Lat. 41. 40. N.
Aladua, t. Arabia, Hedjas. 100 NW. Mecca.
Aladulia, (an. Armenia Minor,) country,
Asia, called by the Turks Dulgadir or Dulla-
dir; formerly an independent kingdom, but
now a province of Turkey, and southern part
of the countiy called Roum ; composed of the
two governments of Marasch and Adana. It
is bounded N. by Sivas, E. by Diarbekir, S.
by Syria and the Mediterranean, and W. by
Caramania. The principal towns are Marasch^
Malatiah, and Adana.
Alaejos, t. Spain, Leon ; 30 E. Salamanca.
Alafoens, t. Portugal, Beira ; 6 NNE. Viseu.
Alaftaro, t. Finland ; 34 NNE. Abo.
Alagia, see Kruscevaz.
Alqgnon, r. France, which runs into the
Allier, between Brioude and Issoire.
Alagoa, t. St. Michael , one of the Azore isls.,
8 E. Ponto Delgada. Pop. 2,314.
Alagoa, see Lagoas.
Alagon, i. Spain, which runs into the Ta-
gus a little above Alcantara.
Alagon, (an. Alaba,) t. Spain, in Aragon, on
the Xalon, near its union with the Ebro ; 12
NW. Saragossa.
Alagore, t. Hind., in the Mysore; 23 E.
Seringapatam. Alagranza, see Alegranza.
Alali-Dag, (an. Derbe,) t. A. Turkey, in Car
amania; 40 S. Cogni.
Alah-Daghi, mt. A. Turkey, in Caramania ;
40 S. Konieh.
Alah-Daghi, mt. Natolia ; 15 S. Boli.
Alah-Shehr, see Allah-Shehr.
Alajarvi, t. Finland ; 60 E. Wasa.
Alaigne, t. France, Aude ; 6 NW. Limoux,
Alais, Alets, or Alez, ("an. Alesia,) t. France,
and principal place of a district, in Gard ; 7
posts N. Montpellier, 79 S. Paris. Lon. 4. 4. E.
Lat. 44. 8. N. Pop. 8,944. It is situated near
the river Gard, at the foot of the Cevennes,
and near it are some vitriolic springs.
Alaki, or Salaki, ("an. Berenice Pan- Chrysos,)
port, Egypt, in the Red Sea. Lon. 38. 28. E,
Lat. 20. 40. N.
Alakiah, small isl. in the Nile, with a village ;
36 N. Syene.
Alaku, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan; 50NW.Tabris.
Alalaei, now Habael Isles.
Alam, t. France, in Upper Garonne ; 18 NE.
St. Bertrand. H. 100.
Alamagan, or Conception, one of the Mari
ana or Ladrone islands, about 18 miles in circ.
12 Guguan.
Alaman, t. Switz., in Vaud ; 9 NE. Nion.
Alambari, t. Guriel, at the mouth of « river
which runs into the Black Sea ; 15 S. Puti.
Alameda, t. New Mexico ; 60 S. Santa Fe.
Alamera, t. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 8 NE.
Leyria. Alamillia, t. New Mexico ; 100 S. Santa Fe,
Alamos, (Los,) t. Mexico, between the riv
ers Mayo and Fuerte, N. the river Fuerte
Pop. 7,900. It is noted for mines.
Alan, or Camel, r. Eng., which rises N. Cam'

ALA

29

ALB

elford, and runs into the sea, 2 miles below
Padstow. Alan, r. North Wales, which passes by Mold,
and runs into the Dee near Holt,.
Alanche, t. France, Mouths-of-the-RhOne ;
12 S. Aix, 6 NE. Marseilles. Pop. 2,497.
Aland, or Alandl, isl. in the Baltic, formerly
belonging to Sweden, but was ceded to Rus
sia with Finland ; 40 miles long and 30 broad,
encompassed with small islands and rocks ; it
was anciently independent, but now makes
part of Finland. Castelholm is the principal
place. Lon. 20. E. Lat. 60. 18. N. Pop.
11,260. Aland, r. Ger. which runs into the Elbe,
near Schnakenburg, in Luneburg.
Alander, now Alhaur.
Alandroel, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, defended
by a castle ; 12 W. Xerumenha.
Aland's-Haf strait or channel between the
Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic, which sepa
rates the island of Aland from the continent
of Sweden.
Aland's Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on S. coast
of Ireland, between Waterford harbour and
Tramore bay. Lon. 7. 5. W. Lat. 52. 8. N.
Alandshage, cape on S. coast of the isle of
Amack; 8 S. Copenhagen.
Alanguer, see Alanquer.
Alangasi, t. Quito, S. A.
Manieh, or Alaya, (an. Coracesium,) t. A.
Turkey, in Caramania, near the mouth of a
raver which runs into the Mediterranean ; 110
SSW. Konieh. Lon. 21. 29. E. Lat. 36. 34. N.
Pop. about 2,000.
Alapaev, t. Russia, in Perm, on the Tagil ;
80 NNE. Ekaterinburg. Lon. 61. 14. E. Lat.
58. N. Pop. 1,000.
Mara, t. Majorca ; 9 NNE. Palma. Pop.
2,400. Alara, r. A. Turkey, in Caramania, which
runs into the Mediterranean, 10 W. Alanieh.
Alaracha, see Laracha.
Jllarcon, t. Spain, in N. Castile ; 32 S. Cuenca.
Lon. 2. 12. W. Lat. 39. 38. N. H. 200.
Alaro, t. Majorca ; 9 NNE. Palma.
Alaro, r. Naples, which runs into the Medi
terranean, near Cape Stilo.
Alaru, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 20 SE. Ardebil.
Alascha, or Alaska, peninsula, on W. coast
of N. America, extending into the N. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 196. to 202. E. Lat 56. to58.N.
Alas, t. on W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 102.
35. E. Lat. 4. 15. S.
Alasac, t. France, in Correze ; 7 NNW. Brive,
12 W. Tulle. Pop. 3,160,
Alata, t. Abyssinia, on the Bahr el Azrek;
35 SSW. Gondar. The falls of Alata are a
magnificent cataract of upwards of 40 feet
perpendicular. Alatamaha, or Altamaha, navigable river,
Georgia, formed by the junction of the Oak-
mulgee and Oconee ; the former of which
rises in the Cherokee mountains. After the
junction, the Alatamaha becomes a large river,
flowing with a gentle current through forests
and plains upwards of 100 miles, and runs into
St. Simon's sound by several mouths, 60 SW.
Savannah. It is navigable to Milledgeville on
the Oconee branch for boats of 30 tons, 300
miles from the ocean. The bar at the mouth

has 14 feet at low water. Its length to its
source is about 500 miles.
Alatyr, t. Russia, in Simbirsk; 80 WNW.
Simbirsk. Lon. 46. 14. E. Lat. 54. 45. N*
Pop. 1,354.
Alataterva, now Cramond.
Alator, r. Russia, which runs into the Sura,
near Alativ, in Simbirsk.
Alatri, or AJatro, (an. Alatrium,) t. Italy, in
Campagna di Roma ; 40 ESE. Rome, 53 NW.
Capua. Lon. 13. 14. E. Lat. 41. 43. N. Pop.
4,400. Bp. see.
Alava, see Alaba.
Alauch, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rh6ne ;
5 NE. Marseilles. Pop. 3,263.
Alaunus, now Tweed.
Alavieska, t. Finland ; 30 S. Brahestad.
Alavo, t. Finland ; 60 SE. Wasa.
Alausi, t. S. America, in Quito ; 30 S. Rio-
bamba. Lon. 79. W. Lat. 2. 13. S.
Alau, or Alt, r. which rises in NE. part of
Transylvania, on the borders of Moldavia, and
runs into the Danube, opposite Nicopoli.
Alaziea, r. Siberia, which runs into the Fro
zen Ocean, Lon. 142. 14. E. Lat. 72. 40. N.
Alazieskoi, settlement, Siberia, on the river
Alazeia; 90 WNW. Niznei Kovinskoi. Lon.
144. 14. E. Lat. 69. 40. N.
Alb, r. Baden, which rises 3 WNW. Wild-
bad, and runs into the Rhine, about 5 WNW.
Durlach. Alba, (an. Alba Pompeia,) city, Piedmont,
capital of a province, on the Tanaro ; 18 SE.
Turin. Lon. 7. 50. E. Lat. 44. 40. N. Pop.
9,650. Bp. see. It was anciently a celebrated
municipal city and Roman colony, in the coun
try of the Ligurians. Alba, before the French
revolution, contained 3 parochial and 3 other
churches, besides the cathedral, 7 convents
for the religious of both sexes, and a college.
It was the birth place of the Emperor Perti-
nax, and Pope Innocent I.
Alba, t. Naples, Abruzzo Ultra ; 17 S. Aquila.
Alba, now Salvatierra.
Alba Docilia, now Albisola.
Alba Longa, see Albano.
Alba, or Aluba, now Aube.
Alba Maris, now Zara Vechia.
Alba-Julia, see Weissemburg.
Alba-Regalis, see Sluhl-Weissemburg.
Albacete, formerly Cetide, t. Spain, in Mur-
cia ; 8 NW. Chinchilla, 80 SW. Valencia.
Lon. 2. 2. W. Lat. 38. 51. N. Pop. 6,500. It
is in a fertile country, producing corn, wine,
and oil) and much frequented, especially by
merchants and men of trade. The chief man
ufactures are in iron and steel.
Attach, or Albula, r. Grisons, which runs
into the Rhine near Tussis.
Albachsem, or Albasen, t. Pru., Westphaliaj
in Minden ; 3 N. Corvey.
Albadna, t. Popedom, Ancona ; 10 WNW.
Tolentino. Albacuin, t. Guatimala, in Nicaragua, on the
river Yare ; 150 W. Segovia Nueva.
Alback, t. Curdistan, in Van ; 50 SSE. Van,
110 SW. Tabris.
Albadra, two small islands in the Indian Sea.
Lon. 46. 30. E. Lat. 9. 30. S. .
Albaida, t. Spain, in Valencia. Lon. 1. 32.
W, Lat. 38. 58. N. Pop. 3,200.

ALB

30

ALB

Albaladejo,t. Spain, in New-Castile ; IS S.
tuenoa. Alban, t. France, in Tarn ; 15 ESE. Alby.
Pop. 3,078.
Albana, now ITolvan.
Albanella, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra ;
20 SE. Salerno.
Albania, ancient kingdom, Asia, W. of the
Caspian Sea; now Georgia.
Albania, or Arnaut, (an. Epirus,) pr. Eu. Tur
key, on the coast of the Adriatic ; bounded N.
by Servia and Dalmatia, E. by Macedonia and
Thessaly', S. by Livadia, and W. by the Adri
atic, between Lat. 39. and 42. 35. N., about
250 miles long, and 120, where widest, broad.
It is included under the Turkish government
of Romania, and is divided into various dis
tricts. Albania proper is 135 miles long, and
from 70 to 90 broad. Joannina is the capital.
The other principal towns are Scutari, Arnaud-
Beligrad, Delfino, Arta, Durazzo, Ochri, Valo-
na,Butrinto, Antivari,Drivasti,and Croja. The
•valleys of Albania produce wine, oil, and corn,
and the mountains are covered with forests.
The Albanians, or Arnauts, as they are called
by the Turks, are descendants of the ancient
Illyrians, whose language is still preserved
among the inland mountaineers. They are
hardy, active, and brave, and have been styled
the Scythians of the Turkish empire. A few
of them are Mahometans, but they mostly
profess the Catholic or Greek religion.
Albaniticorio, t. Samos ; 9 W. Cora.
Albano, t. Italy, Campagna di Roma ; 8 W.
Veletri, 14 SSE. Rome. Pop. 2,400. Bp. see;
built near the ruins of the ancient Alba Longa,
celebrated for the contest between the Horatii
and the Curiatii.
Albano, t. Italy, Bergamo ; 5 E. Bergamo.
Albano, t. Naples, Otranto ; 4 WNW. Ostuni.
Albanopoli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on
the Drin, near the borders of Macedonia, for
merly the capital, but now a mean place,
without walls ; 42 E. Alessio, 60 SE. Durazzo.
Albany, district, Scotland, more usually call
ed Breadalbane.
Albany, t. Oxford co. Maine; 18 WNW.
Paris, W. 648. Pop. 288.
Albany, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 40 NNE. Mont
pelier. Albany, co. N. Y. ; bounded N. by Schenec
tady and Saratoga cos., E. by the Hudson, S.
by Greene co., and W. by Schoharie co. Pop.
in 1810, 34,661 ; in 1820, 38,116.
Albany, city, Albany co. N. Y. on W. bank
of the Hudson ; 6 S. Troy, 15 SE. Schenecta
dy, 30 N. Hudson, 160 N. New York, 164 W.
by N. Boston, 230 S. Montreal, W. 356. Lon.
73. 32. W. Lat. 42. 39. N. Pop. in 1797,
6,021; in 1810, 9,356; in 1820, 12,630. It
extends about 2 miles from N. to S. on the
river, and in the widest part above 1 mile
from E. to W.
Albany is the seat of the state government,
and in point of population, wealth, and trade,
the second city in New York. It contains a
stone state house, a city hall, a. jail, an alms
house, a state arsenal, 2 market-houses, 4
banks, a museum, an academy, a public libra
ry containing about 4,000 volumes, and 11

houses of public worship, 3 for Presbyterians,
2 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for Episcopalians, 1
for Lutherans, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for
Seceders, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists.
The Albany Academy hasa principal, 2 assist
ants, and about 150 pupils. The building is a
very spacious and elegant edifice, built of red
freestone. The state house, several of the
churches, some of the other public buildings,
and many of the private houses, display much
elegance and taste. A large proportion of the
houses are of brick. The appearance of the
city, with regard to buildings, both public and
private, and various accommodations, has
been greatly improved within the last 15 years.
Albany has a pleasant and healthy situa
tion, near the head of the tide water, on one
of the finest rivers in the world, which is nav
igable as far as the city for sloops of 80 tons.
The great western canal, which is to unite the
Hudson with Lake Erie, commences here.
The surrounding countiy is fertile and popu
lous. The exports consist of wheat, other
kinds of grain, and various articles of produce.
The manufactures are considerable, consisting
of iron, tobacco, hats, candles, beer, rum, he.
In 1818, 4 newspapers were published here, 1
daily, and 3 twice a week.
Albany, t. Berks co. Pa., on SE. side of Blue
mountain. Pop. 1,182.
Albany, (New,) p-t. Clark co. In. ; W. 642 ;
a little below Clarksville.
Albany, r. N. A. which runs NE. into James
Bay, Lon. 84. 30. W. Lat. 51. 30. N. The
British have a fort on this river.
Albany, country, in S. part of Africa, E. of
the Cape of Good Hope.
Albarazin, (an. Lobetwm, h Turia,) t. Spain,
in Aragon, on a mountain, surrounded by the
Guadalaviar ; 75 S. Saragossa, 120 E. Madrid.
Lon. 1. 20. W. Lat. 40. 34. N. Pop. 1,800.
Bp. see. It is remarkable for the fine wool of
its vicinity.
Albarada, t. Italy, Verona ; 15 SE. Verona.
Albardi, mt. Piedmont, near Aosta.
Albas, t. France, in Lot ; 9 W. Cahors.
Albasano, (an. Albanopolis,) t. Eu. Turkey,
in Albania; 45 ESE. Durazzo, 150 SW. So
phia. Lon. 20. 15. E. Lat. 41. 30. N.
Albaiera, t. Spain, in Valencia ; 20 SW. Ali-
cant. Pop. 2,400.
Albay, t. on E. side of Lucon. Lon. 123. 50.
E. Lat. 13. 17. N.
Albay, volcano, Lucon, subjeot to frequent
eruptions ; a remarkable one happened in 1814.
Albayda, or Alvelda, t. Spain, in Old Castile;
6 from Logrono.
Albazin, t. Chinese Tartary, formerly a for
tress built by the Russians, on N. side of the
Saghalien. Lat. 53. N.
Albe, t. Naples, Abruzzo Ultra ; 15 S. Aquila.
Albe, r. Baden, which rises in the Black
Forest, and runs into the Rhine, 3 miles above
Lauffenburg. Albe, r. Hanover, in Luneburg, which runs
into the Aller, near Rethem.
Albe, r. France, which runs into the Sarre,
at Sar-Albe.
Albec, r. Switz., which runs into the Rhine,
near Furstenau.

ALB

31

ALB

Albeca, t. Spain, Catalonia ; 6 SSW. Lerida.
Albeck, or Albeg, t. Wurt., on the Froz ; 5
NE. Ulm, 38 W. Augsburg. Lon. 10. 4. E.
Lat. 48. 29. N. Pop. 300. On the 11th of Oc
tober 1805, the French were worsted near this
place by the Austrians.
Albegna, (an. Albinia,) r. Tuscany, which
runs into the sea near Orbitello, Lon. 11. 12.
E. Lat. 42. 34. N.
Albekirk, t. Holland ; 4 SW. Medemblick.
Albel, r. which rises near Bormio, and runs
into the Rhine, near Bergun.
Albemarle, see Aumale.
Albemarle, co. central part of Va. ; bounded
N. by Orange CO., E. by Louisa and Fluvanna
cos., SE. by James river, SW. by Amherst co.,
and W. by Augusta and Rockingham cos. Pop.
in 1810, 18,268; slaves, 9,226. Pop. in 1820,
19,776. Chief town, Charlottesville.
Albemarle-Sound, inlet of the sea, on E.
coast of N. C. It extends into the countiy 60
miles, and is from 4 to 15 wide. It receives
the waters of the Roanoke and the Chowan.
Lon. 66. 8. W. Lat. 35. 52. N.
Alben, t. Inner-Carniola ; 2 NW. Cirknitz.
Alben-See, lake, Austria ; 13 W. Windish-
Garten. Albenga, or Albengua, (an. Albium Ingau-
num, strong s-p. Genoa ; 12 NE. Oneglia, 30
SW. Genoa. Lon. 8. 2. E. Lat. 44. N. Pop.
4,000. Bp. see. The environs are fertile, but
the air is unwholesome.
Albenga, small isl. on .the coast of Genoa,
opposite the town of Albenga ; it is also call
ed Gallinara.
Albenque V, t. France, in Lot ; 7 SSE. Ca-
hors, 20 NNE. Montauban. Pop. 1,609.
Alberca, t. Egypt ; 9 E. Cairo. It is a vil
lage of about 100 families in a delightful situ
ation. Alberche, r. Spain, which runs into the Ta-
gus a little above Talavera.
Alberdorf, t. Austria, on the river Bulkau ;
7 E. Schrattental.
Alberg, mt. Ger. E. lake Constance.
Alberni, (Canal of) inlet of the N. Pacific
Ocean, on SW. coast of the island of Quadra
and Vancouver. Lon. 235. 25. E. Lat. 49. N.
Alberone,t. Naples, in Capitanata; 8 SSE.
Volturara. Albert, t. France, in Somme ; 12. NW. Pe-
ronne, 15 NE. Amiens. Pop. 2,081. It is
sometimes called Ancre, or Encre.
Albestroff, t France, in Meurte; 9 NNE.
Dieuze. Albeszti, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia; 50 W.
Ibrail, 70 NE. Bucharest.
Albetross Point, craggy cape of New-Zea
land. Lon. 184. 42. W. Lat. 38. 4. S.
AIM, (an. Albiga,) t. Savoy ; 9 NNE. Aix.
AM, t. Naples, in Albruzzo Ultra; 6 W.
Celano. Albiani, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast.
Albin, t. France, and principal place of a
district, in Aveiron ; 18 NW. Rhodez. Lon.
2. 20. E. , Lat. 44. 31. N. Pop. 3,150.
Albin, or Alpen, t. Switz., Valais ; 22 E. Sion.
Albinia, now Albegna.
Albion, a name sometimes given to the isl
and of Great Britain'.

Albion, (New,) country, N. America, on the
coast of the N. Pacific Ocean, extending from
the 30th deg. N. Lat. to the 38th ; the eastern,
limits are not defined.
Albis, t. Switz. in Zurich ; 3 SW. Zurich.
Albis, now Elbe.
Albis, mt. Switz., which extends from the
canton of Zug to the city of Zurich — 5 leagues.
It is covered with excellent pastures.
Albisola, (an. Alba Docilia,) t. Genoa ; 5 NE.
Savona. Albium Ingaunum, now Albengua.
Albo, i. Africa, on E. boundary of Gold
Coast. Albona, t. Istria, at the foot of a mountain
near the Gulf of Carnero ; 16 E. Rovigno, 38
SSE. Trieste. Lon. 14. 45. E. Lat. 45. 15. N.
Pop. 949.
Albona, r. Italy, which runs into the Po, 9
ESE. Lumello.
Albonnal,-t. Spain, Grenada ; 18 ENE. Mo-
tril. Albor, or Alvor, t. Portugal, in Algarva, with
an old castle ; 3 W. Lagos. H. 162.
Alboran, isl. Mediterranean, near the coast
of Fez. Lon. 3. W. Lat. 35. 57. N. It is in-.
habited by fishermen, and belongs to the
Spanish province of Grenada.
Alborg, see Aalborg.
Alborough, see Aldborough.
Albourn, see Auburn.
Albouzeme, t. Africa, on the coast of Barba
ry. Lon. 2. 54. E. Lat. 35. 10. N.
Albrechts, t. Pru., in Erfurt. Pop. 738.
Albrechtaw, t. Prussia ; 20 E. Marienwerder.
Albrechlsperg, t. Austria ; 9 W. St. Polten.
Albreda, t. Africa, in Barra, on the Gambia ;
18 S. Barra. Pop. 7,000. The French have
a factoiy here.
Albret, f. France, in Landes ; before the
revolution, capital of a small country in Gas-
cony ; 15 SSW. Bazas, 12 N. Mont de Mar-
san. Albright's, p-v. Orange co. N. C. ; W. 327.
Albrighlon, t. Eng., in Salop, on the borders
of Staffordshire ; 8 NW. Wolverhampton. -
Albufera, (an. Amanum,) lake on E. coast
of Spain, in Valencia, which communicates
with the Mediterranean by mean of sluices ;
10 S Valencia. It supplies the markets of Va
lencia with fish, particularly eels.
Albufiera, t. Portugal, in Algarva, near the
sea; 12 E. Villa Nova dePortimao. Pop. 3,181.
Albuglet, t. Egypt, on the 'E. branch of the
Nile ; 10 SSW. Damietta.
Albuhat, t. Egypt ; 30 SE. Mansora.
Albuhera, v. Spain, which, runs N. into the
Guadiana, 4 miles above Badajos.
Albuhera, v. Spain, in Estramadura, on the
Albuhera ; 12 SSE. Badajos. A severe battle
was fought here on the 16th of April, 1811, by
the French under Soult, and the Allies under
Berresford. Each side lost about 10,000 men.
Albula, see Albach.
Albunuelas, t. Spain, in Grenada ; 12 E. Al-
hama. Albuola, t. Naples, Basilicata ; 8 S. Potenza.
Albuquerque, t. Spain, in Estramadura, on
the frontiers of Portugal ; 20 N. Badajos, 40 S.
Alcantara. Lon. 7. W. Lat. 39. 10. N. Pop.,

ALC

32

ALC

5,500. It is defended by a castle situated on
a mountain ; the inhabitants carry on a con
siderable trade in wool and cloth.
Abuquerque, t. New-Mexico ; E. the del
Norte ; S. Santa Fe. Pop. 6,000.
Albuquerque, rock, in the Spanish Main,
near the coast of Honduras. Lon. 81. 6. W.
Lat. 12. N.
Alburg, p-t. and port of entry, Grand Isle co.
Vt., on N. end of the island of North Hero, in
Lake Champlain ; 40 N. Burlington, W. 555.
Pop. in 1810, 1,106.
Alburz, or Alburz Couh, an eastern name of
Mount Caucasus.
Alby, city, France, capital of Tarn, on the
river Tarn ; 20 N. Castres, 38 NE. Thoulouse.
Lon. 2. 13. E. Lat. 43. 55. N. Pop. 9,806.
It is an ancient town, and contains a large and
elegant, cathedral, having one of the finest
organs in France. Before the revolution it
was the capital of a small country in Upper
Languedoc, called The Albigeois, Abp. see, and
a royal tribunal of justice. — The Albigenses,
who were the first that disputed the authority
of the pope, received their name from this
town. — Natives, Perouse and Levizac.
Alby, v. Eng., in York ; 10 NE. York. It is
said to have been a Roman city, called Der-
ventes. Alcagar Ceguer, or Zeguer, or Seguar, t. and
fortress, Africa, on the coast of Fez, between
Tangiers and Ceuta. Lon. 5. 36. W. Lat. 35.
48. N.
Alcagar de Guete, t. Spain, in New Castile ;
20 Cuenca.
Alcagar do Sal, (an. Salacia, and Salachia
Imperatoria,) t. Portugal, in Estramadura, on
the Caldaon, 18 miles from the sea, on the
confines of Alentejo ; 26 E. Setuval, 38 SE.
Lisbon. Lon. 8. 22. W. Lat. 38. 22. N. it is
defended with walls and a castle, which passes
for impregnable ; it contains 650 houses, the
inhabitants of which are chiefly employed in
making salt.
Aleagar-quiber, or Alcagar-quiver, t. Moroc
co, in Garb, on the Lucos ; 36 S. Tangiers.
Alcagar de san Juan, t. Spain, in New Cas
tile ; 43 SE. Toledo.
Alcacava, t. Morocco, in Darah; 100 SE.
Morocco. Alcagovas, (As,) t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 14
8W. Evora.
Alcaidela, or Alcandeta, t. Spain, in Andalu
sia; SW. Jaen.
Alcala de los Gazules, t. Spain, in Seville ;
10 ENE. Medina Sidonia. It is on a moun
tain, surrounded on all sides by » beautiful
and fertile plain, with an ancient castle.
Alcala de Guardiara, f. Spain, in Seville, on
the Guardiara ; 12 NE! Seville.
Alcala de Henares, (an. Complutum, and Al
cala de S. Just,) t. Spain, on the Henares ; 12
E. Madrid, 42 NE. Toledo. Lon. 3. 23. W.
Lat. 40. 29. N. Pop. 4,760. Bp. see. It is
a place of considerable trade ; the streets
are tolerably wide, and the houses well built ;
but the principal thing on which it prides it
self, is the university, consisting of 24 colleges,
and has been the most considerable in Spain,
next to Salamanca, founded at first by San-

cho, king of Castile, in 1253 ; and afterwards
more fully, in the beginning of the 16th cen
tury, by Cardinal Ximenes. Here it was that
the Cardinal printed his celebrated Polyglot
Bible completed in 1517, called from the place
the Complutensian Polyglot. The university
buildings are scattered throughout the city,
most of them now in ruins. The town contains
3 parish churches, 4 hospitals, and 28 cloysters.
The country round is fertile, pleasant, and
well cultivated ; and without the walls is a
fountain called Corpa, the water 6f which is
so good, so pure, and of so excellent a taste,
that the kings of Spain have taken it into
their own power, and let it out to farm, and
use the water themselves at Madrid. — Cardi
nal Ximenes lies here interred in the chapel
of the college, which himself founded.
Alcala Real, t. Spain, in Jaen ; 18 SW. Jaen,
36 SE. Cordova. Lon. 4.10. W. Lat. 37. 43.
N. Pop. 8,032. It is built on a mountain,
the ascent of which is rugged and difficult ; but
the environs produce excellent wine and fruit.
Alcala del Rio, t. Spain, in Seville, on the
Guadalquivir; 6 miles above Seville.
Alcamo, t. Sicily, in the valley of Mazara,
near the Gulf of Castel-a-Mare ; 3 from the
sea coast, 25 SW. Palermo. Pop. 8,000.
Alcanhede, t. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 19
SW. Thomar. Pop. 2,000.
Alcani, or Alkan, t. Egypt, on W. branch of
the Nile ; 30 NNW. Cairo.
Alcanitz, or Alcaniz, t. Spain, in Aragon,
near frontiers of Catalonia ; 46 SE. Saragossa.
Lon. 0. 11. W. Lat. 41. 10. N. Pop. 4,800.
Alcanizos, t. Spain, in Leon, on the frontiers
of Portugal ; 27 W. Zamora.
Alcantara, (an. Narba-Ccesarea,) t. Spain,
in Estramadura; 115 SSW. Salamanca, 130
WSW. Madrid. Lon. 6. 43. W. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Pop. 3,000. It is situated in a fertile country
on the Tagus, and takes its name (which, in
the Moorish language, signifies a stone-bridge)
from a celebrated old bridge built over the
river in the time of Trajan, 200 feet high, 670
in length, and 28 in breadth.
Alcantara, or Alcanlarilla, t. Spain, in Se
ville, not far from the Guadalquivir ; 14 S.
Seville. The Romans built a bridge near the
town, to pass the marshes formed by the river,
which is still remaining.
Alcantara, t. Portugal, in Estramadura, near
Lisbon, with a royal palace, and beautiful
gardens. Alcantara, r. Sicily, which runs on N. side
of Etna, and falls into the sea near St. Cliffe.
Alcantara, t. Brazil, in Maranham, on the
bay of St. Maroos, opposite to the island of
Maranham. It is a thriving town, and contains
a town-hall, a prison, and several churches.
Alcantarilla, t. Portugal, in Algarva ; 15 E.
Villa Nova de Portimao.
Alcantarilla, see Canlarilla.
Alcaraz, t. Spain, in New-Castile, on the
river Guardamena; 54 E. Civdad Real, 105
SSE. Madrid. Lon. 2. 52. W. Lat. 38. 56. N.
Pop. 3,300. It is surrounded with mountains
called Sierra de Alcaraz, and defended by a
castle.
I. Alcaria, t. Spain, in Alaba; 9 E. Vittoria.

ALC

33

ALD

xAlcarria, see Algarria.
Alcassar, (an. Casar al Cabiris,) t. Fez, in
Asga. Lon. 12. 35. W. Lat. 35. 15. N. It was
once much larger than it is at present.
Alcatraces, isl. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 102. 30.
W. Lat. 16. 3. N.
Alcatraces, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Brazil. Lon. 45. 40. W. Lat. 23. 50. S.
Alcatras, rocky isl. Atlantic, near the coast of
Africa. Lon. 14. 20. W., Lat. 10. 5. N.
Alcaudete, t. Spain, in Cordova, in the road
from Cordova to Jaen ; 18 W. Jaen, 30 ESE.
Cordova. Pop. 4,000.
Alcester, or Alncester, t. Eng., Warwick, at the
union of the rivers Aim and Arrow ; 8 NW.
Stratford-on-Avon ; 102 NW. London. Pop.
1,862. The principal manufacture is the mak
ing needles.
Alcah, see Tashlcund.
Alchaphah, mt. Syria, inhabited by Armeni
ans ; 18 W. Antakia.
Alcira, see Algezira.
Alcken, t. Pru., Colentz, on the right bank of
the Moselle ; 9 SW. Coblentz.
Alcmaer, or Alkmaer, city, N. Holland, near
Schermeer, one of the largest lakes of North
Holland, and not much more than 3 miles from
the sea ; with a canal into the Ye, and from
thence to Amsterdam ; 24 NNW. Amsterdam.
Lon. 4. 45. E. Lat. 52. 38. N. Pop. 7,809. The
land about Alcmaer, which was formerly full
of morasses, has been drained, and is now be
come very rich pasture and meadow land, from
which are produced great quantities of butter
and cheese. The houses are handsome, the
streets clean and regular, the walks beautiful,
and the public buildings magnificent.
Alcmaer, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the coast of Java, in sight of Batavia.
Alcmaer, small isl. in the Pacific Ocean, on
N. coast of New-Guinea. Lon. 135. 46. E. Lat.
3. 53. S.
Alcobaga, t. Portugal, Estramadura, between
the rivulets Alcoa and Baca ; 17 SSW. Leyria,
20 NE. Peniche. Lon. 8. 45. W. Lat. 39. 23. N.
Pop. 1,500. It is remarkable for the Cistertian
Abbey, erected in 1 148, which has been the
general sepulchre of the Portuguese monarchs,
and possesses an annual revenue of 20,0001.
sterling. The church and monastery is one of
the most magnificent monuments of Gothic ar
chitecture in Europe, and the chapel contains
the finest collection of paintings in the king
dom. Alcocer, see Puebla d' Alcocer.
Alcoentre, t. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 17 SW.
Santarem. Alcolea, t. Spain, in Aragon, on the Cinca ;
15 S, Balbastro.
Alcolea, t. Spain, in Andalusia, near the Gua
dalquivir ; 6 N. Carmona.
Alconchel, fortress, Portugal, in Estramadura;
12 S. Olivenca.
Alcouchete, t. Portugal, on the Tagus, in Es
tramadura ; 10 E. Lisbon.
Aleovendas, t. Spain, in New-Castile ; 10 N.
Madrid. Aleoutim, or Alcoylim, t. Portugal, in Algarva,
on an island in the Guadiana ; 20 NNE. Tavira.
Lon. 7.24. W. Lat 37. 26. N. Pop. 1,000. It
Vol. I. 5

is defended by one of the best castles in the km.
Alcoy, t. Spain, in Valencia, on a river of the
same name ; 20 N. Alicant, 24 SSW. Candia.,
Pop. 14,600.
Alcudia, t. Spain, in Valencia; 8NW. St. Fe
lipe. Pop. 2,000.
Alcudia, t. Majorca, on NE. coast, with a
considerable bay, to which it gives name, in
which is good anchorage in 4, 5, and 6 fathom
water. Lon. 3. E. Lat. 39. 50. N. Pop. 800.
Alcudia, t: Fez ; 12 WNW. Melilla.
Alcuesar, t. Spain, Aragon ; 12 N. Balbastro.
Aldan, e. Siberia, which rises on the borders
of China. Lon. 125. E. Lat. 55. 50. N., taking
NE. course to Lat. 63. when it changes its
course to WNW. and at Lon. 128. 20. E. Lat.
13. 25. N., joins the Lena.
Aldborough, s-p. Eng., Suffolk, with a com
modious harbour for fishermen ; 48 NE. Col
chester, 93^ NE. London. Pop. 1,066. It is a
corporation, and returns two members to par
liament. It has two markets weekly.
Aldborough, (an. Gallunio and Isurium,) t.
Eng., in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, on the
Ouse ; 15 NW. York, 205 N. London. Pop. 464.
It was formerly a Roman station, and a magni
ficent town, little vestiges of which are now
visible. It sends two members to parliament.
Aide, or Olde, small isl. W. coast of Norway.
Lon. 5.10. E. Lat. 61.25. N.
Aldea de Atalha, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; .5
S. Arronches.
Aldea de Araguria, t. Brazil, in Goyas, on the
Tocantins. Lon. 49. 46. W. Lat. 10. 20. S.
Aldea de Carajas, t. Brazil, on the river Ne
gro ; 170 W. Fort Rio Negro.
Aldea de Curua-vasu, t. Brazil, in Goyas, Lon.
52. 51. W. Lat. 12. 10. S.
Aldea dos Indios, t. Brazil, in Mieos ; 10 S.
Ilheos. Aldea de Tapuyas, t. Brazil ; 300 SW. St. Sal
vador. Aldea Gallega, t. Portugal, Estramadura, on a
creek of the Tagus ; 9 SE. Lisbon. Pop. 1,800.
Aldea el Muro, or Aldea del Poco, (an. Au-
gustobriga, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the fron
tiers of Aragon ; 6 E. Soria.
Aldea de Panuco, t. Brazil, in Goyas ; 255 N.
Villa Boa.
Aldea del Rio, t. Spain, in Cordova, situated
on an eminence, on S. of the Guadalquivir;
12 WSW. Andujar, 24 NW. Cordova.
Aldea de Sehanta de£ux, t. Brasil, in Goyas ;
300 N. Villa Boa.
Aldego, r. Italy, which rises near Montebello,
in the Vicentin, and loses itself in the Adige,
between Zerpano and Albaredo.
Aldenahr, t. Pru., in Lower-Rhine, in Cob
lentz ; 20 S. Cologne, 30 NW. Coblentz. Lon.
6. 50. E. Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop. 700.
Aldenau, t. Pru., in Lower-Rhine in Cob
lentz ; 20 W. Andernach, 30 S. Cologne. Lon.
6. 48. E. Lat. 50. 29. N. Pop. 1,400.
Aldenburg,t. Pru., Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Co
logne ; 12 NE. Cologne.
Aldenburg, t. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg; 2N.
Bernburg. Aldenhoven, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine, in Juliers ;
3 WSW. Juliers, Lon. 7. 12. E, Lat. 50. 5.3. N.
Pop. 1,054,

ALE

34

ALE

Alderburg, t. Eng., Wilts ; 2£ SE. Salisbury.
Alderltolm, isl. Sweden, at tfie mouth of the
Gefle, in the gulf of Bothnia; 80 N. Stockholm.
Lat. 60. 40. N. On it are an iron weighing-
house, a wharf for landing and loading deals,
a custom-house, dock, arsenal and magazine.
Alderney, (an. Riduna, and Arica,) small isl.
in the English Channel, separated from the
coast of France only by a narrow channel of
the sea, called the Race of Alderney ; about 4
miles long from E. to W. ; 10 WNW. La Hogue,
22 NE. Guernsey. Lon. 2. 20. W. Lat.49.26.N.
It has a harbour for small vessels only, on S.
side. There are many rocks near the island,
and the passage of the Race is particularly dan
gerous in stormy weather. Pop. 1,300.
Alderney, (New,) see Ourry's Island.
Aldersey's Strait, channel on the Mergui Ar
chipelago, between St. Susanna and the two
Kelsals. Lat. 10. 28. N.
Atdie, p-v. Loudoun co. Va. ; W. 35.
Aldingen, t. Wurtemberg, on the Neckar ; 5
ENE. Stutgard.
Aldourie, v. Scot., in Inverness, near NE.
coast of Loch Ness ; 5 SW. Inverness.
Aldslatt, t. Prussia ; 5 NW. Preuschmark.
Aldstone, or Aldstone-Moor, t. and parish,
Eng., in Cumberland, on a hill near the Tyne,
on the borders of Northumberland ; 19 Penrith,
304 N. London. Pop. 5,079. The parish is
small, but on account of the lead-mines, ex
ceedingly populous.
Aldudes, mountains, part of the Pyrenees, in
Lower Navarre, between Pampeluna and St.
Jean Pie de Port.
Aldwincle, v. Eng., in Northamptonshire, a
few miles S. Oundle. The poet Dryden was
born here in 1631.
Ale, r. Scot., which runs jnto the Tiviot ;
NNW. Jedburgh.
Alea, or Elcea, t. Arcadia ; 10 NW. Argos.
Alece, (an. Alex,) r. Naples, in Calabria Ul
tra, which runs into the sea near Cape Sparti-
vento. Aled, r. Wales, which runs into the Elwy, in
Denbighshire. Alefcora, t. Cyprus ; 10 S. Baffa.
Altgranza, one of the Canary islands ; it is
small, high, and rocky; uninhabited, barren,
and destitute of water. Lon. 13. 10. W. Lat
29. 20. N.
Alegre, t. France, in Upper-Loire ; 12 NE.
Le Puy-en-Velay, 15 SE, Brioude. Pop. 997.
Alegrete, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the
Caia; 1\ SE. Portalegre. Pop. 1,100.
Alekieva, r. Russia, which rises in the govern
ment of Archangel, and runs into the Frozen
Sea, Lon. 55. 14. E. Lat. 68. 5. N.
Aleksandrov, see Atexandrov.
Aleksevskoi, t. Russia, in Simbirsk ; 90 SSE.
Simbirsk. Lon. 50. 14. E. Lat. 53. 15. N.
Aleksiepskoe, t. Russia, in Saratov; 110 NE.
Saratov. Aleksin, t. Russia, Tula, on the Occa ; 27 NE.
Kaluga. Lon. 26. 44. E. Lat. 54. 44. N.
Aleksin, t. Walachia ; 48 NE. Bucharest.
Aleksopol, t. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Berestovia; 52 NNW. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 34.
24. E. Lat. 49. N.
Alele, now Helel.

Alembaddy, t. Hind., in the Mysore; 5 ESE.
Seringapatam, 45 S. Bangalore.
Alemouth, see Alnemouth.
Alemparvi, t. Hind., in the Carnatic, belong
ing to the Jaghire, on the coast of Corpman-
del ; 20 N. Pondicherry, 50 S. Madras.
Alempigon, or Red-Stones River, r. Canada,
which runs into lake Superiour, Lon. 87. 34.
W. Lat. 48. 48. N.
Alen, r. N. Wales, which runs into the Dee, 4
miles from Wrexham.
Alen, or Ahlen, or Alem, t. Pru., Westphalia,
in Munster; 13 SSE. Munster. Lon. 7. 27. E.
Lat. 51.40. N. Pop. 1,816.
Alenango, t. Mexico ; 70 S. Mexico.
Alenby, t. Norway ; 50 S. Drontheim.
Alengon, city, France, cap. Orne, on the river
Sarte; 2 J posts S. Seez, 23^ WSW. Paris. Lon.
0. 10. E. Lat. 48. 26. N. Pop. 13,234. It is a
handsome town, and has 5 suburbs, 2 hospitals,
a botanic garden, a public library, and consid
erable manufactures of lace, linen, woollen
stuffs, and leather.
Atendin, t. Africa, in Morocco.
Alengick, or Alenjik, t. and fortress, Persia,
in Adirbeitzan.
Alene, t. Hind., Dowlatabad ; 8 E. Calianne.
Alenquer, or Alanquer, t. Portugal, on an em
inence, by the side of a river which runs into
the Tagus ; 18 NNE. Lisbon. Pop. 1,600. It
contains 5 parish-churches and 3 convents.
Alesia, now Alise.
Alensteig, t. Austria ; 4 S. Bohmish-Waidho-
ven. Alent, t. Austria ; 4 WNW. Baden.
AlenUjo, or Alemtijo, pr. Portugal, between
the rivers Tagus and Guadiana, bordering on
Spain ; so named from Alem, beyond, and Tejo,
the Tagus. Pop. 380,480. Sq. m. 10,425. Al
though it is, from its fertility, called the gran- -
ary of Portugal, it is the least populous province
of the kingdom, containing 4 cities, 105 towns,
and 358 parishes. The thin population proba
bly arises from its being always the seat of war
with Spain. The lands are said to be ill culti
vated ; and the roads, through the badness of
the police, every where full of vagabonds and
beggars. The principal towns are Evora, El-
vas, Campo-Mayor, Portalegre, Villa-Viciosa,
Estremos, Moura, Castello-de-Vide, Mouraon,
Serpa, and Aronches.
Alepajewsk, t. Russia, in Perm, on the Neva.
Lat. 57. 40. N. Pop. 1,000.
Aleppie, t. Hind., on the Malabar coast; 40 N.
Cochin, 190 NNW. Cape Comorin. Pop. about
13,000. It has some trade in pepper, &c. The
church missionary society support a missionary
here, and there is a school containing about 70
scholars. Aleppo, or Haleb, (an. Beraa and Chalybon,)
city, Syria, and capital of a pachalic of the Ot
toman empire, situated partly on the plain, and
partly on two or three rising grounds ; 70 SE.
Alexandretta, its port, 180 N. Damascus, 300 N.
by E. Jerusalem. Lon. 37. 10. E. Lat. 36. Hi
N Pop. about 250,000, of whom 30,000 are
Christians, arid 5,000 Mahometans ; the great
mass being Turks and Arabs. Hassel states the
population at only 150,000; others at 350,000,
and some still higher. It is the seat of a Greek

ALE

35

ALE

patriarch, an Armenian, a Jacobite, and a Ma-
ronite bishop. The Christians enjoy perfect
toleration. It is encompassed with walls of hewn stone,
which are thought to be mostly of the Mame
luke building ; these walls are not above 3
miles in circ. ; but the suburbs, especially those
to the N. are extensive ; so that the whole is 7
or 8 miles in circuit. The streets and bazars,
or shops, are laid out like those of Damascus ;
and it has about 20 principal caravansaries, be
sides several smaller ones. It is esteemed one
of the cleanest and best built cities throughout
the Turkish dominions, and the inhabitants are
accounted the most polished of the Turks ; the
houses are of hewn free-stone, and some of the
mosques and kans are very magnificent. Sev
eral of the former have large domes, but these
are raised so little above the buildings, (which
are not high enough in proportion to their size,)
that they appear low and flat, though built at a
great expense. The Jews and Christians of the
country live in one of the suburbs, and the
Franks in one.quarter of the city. The houses
are all terraced over so that one can go from
house to house on the tops of them, there being
no partitions erected ; and the air of Aleppo is
so fine, that the inhabitants lie on the tops of
the houses during the summer season. On N.
and W. sides of the town, at a small distance,
runs the small river Caie or Howick, which,
passing through the gardens, renders them very
pleasant. The river is lost in a morass, about
4 miles E. of Old Aleppo. The gardens pro
duce a great variety of fruit ; there are small
houses in them, to which company often retire
for some weeks in the summer, and they, may
be hired at any time for a party of pleasure. On
whatever side the city is approached, its nu
merous minarets and domes present an agree
able prospect to the eye.
Aleppo cannot be esteemed a place of im
portance in war, though it is the key of Syria
to the N. ; but as a commercial city, it is the
emporium of Armenia and Diarbekir; sends
caravans to Bagdad and into Persia; and com
municates with the Persian gulf and India by
Bassorah ; with Egypt and Mecca by Damas
cus ; and with Europe by Alexandretta and
Latakia. Commerce is principally carried on
by barter. The chief commodities are raw or
spun cottons ; linens, clumsily fabricated in the
villages ; silk stuffs, manufactured in the city ;
copper ; coarse cloths ; goats' hair from Nato
lia ; the gall-nuts of Curdistan ; and the mer
chandise of India, such as shawls and muslins ;
and pistachio-nuts, of the growth of the neigh
bourhood. The pachalic of Aleppo extends from the Eu
phrates to the Mediterranean ; its principal
produce is wheat, barley, and cotton ; but the
greatest part of the lands, though naturally fer
tile, are uncultivated. In the ancient registers,
they enumerated 3,200 villages, while at pres
ent they scarcely find 400. Pop. about 800,000.
Sq. m. 23,532.
Aleppo, (Old,) or Kenasserim, t. Syria, sup
posed by Dr. Pocock to be Chalcis, the ancient
capital of Chalcidene. Its true Arabian name
is Kenasserim or Kinnasreen; 15 S.. Aleppo,

Here are remains of the foundations of the city
walls, which are about 10 feet thick.
Aleppo, t, Greene co. Pa. Pop. 570.
Aler, r. Siberia, which joins the Atiga at
Aleurska. Aleria, t. Corsica ; 20 SE. Corte. H. 10. It
was formerly a considerable city, and bp. see.
Alesbury, see Aylesbury.
Alesham, or Aylesham, t. Eng., in Norfolk,
nearthe river Thyrn, with a market'on Saturday;
12 N. Norwich, 121 NNE. London. Pop. 1,760.
Alesheim, t. Bav. ; 5 NW. Weissemburg.
Alesia, t. Sardinia; 20NE.Oristagni. Bp.see.
Alesia, or Alexia, now Alise.
Alessone, t. Eu. Turkey ; 20 NW. Larissa.
Alessano, city, Naples, in Otranto ; Bp. see ;
12 SSW. Otranto ; 199 ESE. Naples. Lon. 18.
16. E. Lat. 40. 12. N. Pop. 7,000.
Alessio, (an. Lissus, afterwards Elissus,) t. Eu.
Turkey, in Albania, near the mouth of the
Drino ; 12 N. Durazzo, 96 SE. Ragusa. Lon.
19. 36. E. Lat. 42. 12. N. Pop. 2,000. Bp. see.
Alet, or Aleth, t. France in Aude, near the
Pyrenees, on the river Aude ; before the revo
lution, bp. see ; 4 S. Limoux, 32 WSW. Nar-
bonne. Lon. 2. 15. E. Lat.42.59TN. Pop. 948.
Alevaia, r. Siberia, which runs into the Pen-
zinskoi sea, Lon. 157. 14. E. Lat. 62. N.
Aleurska, t. Siberia, at the conflux of the
Agila and Aler ; 64 NE. Nertchinsk.
Aleutian Islands, range of islands in the N.
Atlantic Ocean ; situated W. of N. America,
belonging to Russia, and valuable chiefly for
the skins of animals found there, particularly
the sea-otter; extending near 700 miles from
E. to W. from Lon. 169 to 183. E. Lat. 53. N.
The population of these islands is much less
numerous than formerly, and is said not to ex
ceed 300.
Alex, now Alece.
Alexain,t. France, Mayenne ; 7 SW.Mayenne.
Alexander, (Bay of,) bay on E. coast of the
Caspian Sea. Lon. 71. 25. E. Lat. 43. 37. N.
Alexander, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 837.
Alexander, co. Illinois. Pop. 626.
Alexander, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 18 S. Ba-
tavia. Pop. 1,496.
Alexanders, p-v. York district, S.C.; W.441.
Alexander's Peak, group of three islands
amongst those called Aladin Islands, in the
Mergui Archipelago. Lat. 9. 8. N.
Alexandretta, or Scanderoon, (an. Alexandria,)
s-p. Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo, and is the
port of that city ; 30 N. Antioch, 70 NW. Alep
po. Lon. 36. 15. E. Lat. 31. 16. N. H. 185. It
is now reduced to a mean village, and owes its
subsistence to its road, which affords the best
anchorage on the coast. It is exceedingly un
healthy, owing to the miasmata rising from the
neighbouring marshes.
Alexandria, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 13 SSE.
Plymouth. Pop. in 1810, 409 ; in 1820, 707.
Alexandria, t. Washington co. Maine ; 30 N.
Machias. Alexandria, t. Hunterdon co. N. J., on th»
Delaware ; 15 SE. Easton. Pop. in 1810, 2,271 ;
in 1820, 2,619.
Alexandria, p-t. Huntingdon, co. Pa. ; 8
Huntingdon, 192 WNW. Philadelphia, W. 162,
Pop. 280.

ALE

36

Alexandria, co. in the district of Columbia.
Pop. in 1810, 8,552 ; in 1820, 9,701
Alexandria, city, and port of entry, in the
district of Columbia and county of Alexandria,
on S. bank of the Potomac; 6 S. Washington,
43 SSW. Baltimore, 115 N.Richmond. Lon. 77.
4. W. Lat. 38. 49. N. Pop. in 1800, 4,196 ; in
1810, 7,227; in 1820, 8,218; blacks, 2,603.
Houses in 1817, 1,385. It contains a court
house, a jail, an alms-house, a theatre, an
academy, 2 Lancasterian schools, 6 banks, 2
insurance offices, a library containing 2,600
volumes, and 8 houses of public worship, 2 for
Presbyterians, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends,
1 for Methodists, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Ro
man Catholics. There is also an elegant brick
market-house of 3 stories, in which are kept
reading rooms, a museum, and some offices.
The situation of Alexandria is considerably
elevated, with easy and gradual descents to the
river, which is neatly wharfed for about half
the length of the city, with water sufficient for
the largest merchant ships. The streets inter
sect each other at right angles ; a great part of
them are neatly paved, kept clean, and well
lighted. The city is favourably situated for
commerce, nearly at the head of the tide water
of the Potomac, having an extensive and fertile
back country, and carries on a brisk trade. The
articles of export are flour, (of which, in 1817,
209,000 bbls. were inspected), Indian corn, to
bacco, he. The shipping belonging to this port
in 1820, amounted to 15,806 tons.
Alexandria, p-t. Louisiana, chief town of the
parish of Rapide, on S. side of Red river, 135
miles from its mouth, 346 by water WNW.
New Orleans, about 180 in a right line, 80 SE.
Natchitoches, 80 WSW. Natchez. W. 1499.
Lat. 31. 15. N. Pop. 506. H. 70. It is very
pleasantly situated, and contains an academy,
a printing office, and has considerable trade. In
the vicinity is a steam saw mill. The surround
ing country is extremely fertile, producing
abundant crops of cotton, the article chiefly
cultivated. Red river is navigable for 8 months
in the year to this place for large steam boats,
and to Natchitoches for small boats.
Alexandria, (New,) p-t. Westmoreland co.
Pa.; W.201.
Alexandria, (West,) p-t. Washington co., Pa.;
W. 266.
Alexandria, post and fort, N. A. on the Assi-
niboine towards its head. Lon. 103 W. Lat.
52 N. The fort is built on the borders of a
beautiful prairie about 10 miles long, and from
1 to 4 broad. The fort is 16 rods long, and 12
broad. The houses, stores, he. are well built and
plastered. Alexandria, or Scanderia, or Skanderik, city
and s-p. Egypt, at the western extremity of the
Egyptiah coast, on the borders of the Lybian
desert, on a narrow neck of land between the
sea and lake Mareotis, communicating with the
Nile by a canal, called the cahal of Cleopatra;
100 NW. Cairo. Lon. 30. 5. E. Lat. 31. 13. N.
Fop. according to Legh 12,000 ; Hassel 20,000.
H. 2,000. The resident inhabitants are said by
some not to exceed 5,000.
This city was founded by Alexander the
Great 331 B. C, became the capital of Egypt

ALE
under the Ptolemies, the seat of science, arts,
commerce, and royal magnificence, and is said
to have contained 600, or 800,000 inhabitants.
It was for a long time the most commercial
city in the world, the centre of commerce to
the three continents. The merchandise of In
dia was brought up the Red Sea, landed at Ber
enice, thence transported across to the Nile, and
conveyed down the river to Alexandria. In 640
it received a fatal blow, being taken, by the
caliph Omar, and subjected to the Saracen
yoke. It is generally believed that its library
containing 400,000 MSS., some say 700,000, the
boast of antiquity, was then reduced to ashes.
The caliphs transferred the seat of government
to Cairo. But the final downfall of the city
was effected by the discovery of the Cape of
Good Hope, in 1497, after which the trade of'
India was turned into a different channel.
Alexandria is divided into the new and old
town, the latter much the most extensive. It
is partly enclosed by walls of Saracenic struc
ture, nearly 6 miles in circuit ; the greater part
of the space enclosed being covered with ruins.
These walls, however, include but a small part
of the ancient city of the Ptolemies, whose ru
ins can be traced over more than 3 times that
circuit. An immense accumulation of ruins,
mostly buried in the sand, Pompey's Pillar, Cle
opatra's Needles, the cisterns, the catacombs,
and some columns, entire or broken, scattered
here and there, are the sad remains of this once
rich and splendid city. Pompey's Pillar is a
very remarkable monument 94 or 95 feet high.
Cleopatra's Needles are 2 obelisks, one thrown
down, the other standing, 58£ feet long, and 7
feet broad on each side at the base. They are
composed each of a single block of granite cov
ered with hieroglyphics. One of these has been
presented to the king of England, and is to be
placed in the city of London. The reservoirs,
or cisterns, by which Alexandria was supplied
with water, excavated the whole ground on
which the city was built. A conduit, commu
nicating with the canal of Cleopatra, extended
the whole length of the city. The catacombs
present a very extraordinary monument. They
begin at the extremity of the old city, and ex
tend a considerable distance along the coast,
forming what was called the Necropolis, or City
of the Dead. They consist of small sepulchral
grottos cut in a soft calcareous rock ; the interior
plastered with mortar; and each grotto that
has been opened is found to contain 3 coffins,
piled over each other. The Ptolemies erected,
on an island opposite to the mouth of the har
bour, a pharos, or light-house, which was con
sidered one of the wonders of the ancient
world. New Alexandria, even in its present state of
decay, is to Europeans the most interesting of
the cities of Egypt. It is built along the coast,
occupying only a small part of the space within
the walls. The houses have flat terraced roofs ;
the streets narrow, awkwardly disposed, have
neither pavement nor police ; the eye of the
traveller is arrested by no public or private edi
fice ; and but for the ruins of the old city,
there would be nothing to attract a moment's
attention. The population consists of Turks;'

ALF

37

ALG

who compose the officers of government and
the garrison ; Copts, who are numerous, but
held in contempt ; and Jews, in whose hands
are almost all the commercial transactions. The
commerce is considerable, embracing all that
the European states carry on with Egypt. There
are 2 harbours, the old and the new. The for
mer is safe but difficult to enter ; the latter is
shallow, has a rocky bottom, and is exposed to
violent north winds. Christians are permitted
to enter only the new harbour. — Natives, Appi-
an, Arius, Athansius, Euclid, Uerodian, Hypa-
tia, Origen, Philo, he.
Alexandria, see Sitpour, Corra, Vaihend, and
Candaliar. Alexandria Oxiana, now Termed.
Alexandria Troas, now Eski-Stamboul.
Alexandria, t. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav ; 70
W. Ekaterinoslav, 150 SW. Kiev. Lon. 32, 54.
E. Lat. 48. 25. N.
Alexandria, t. Russsia, Volhynia ; 50 ENE.
Lucko. Lon. 26. 20. E. Lat. 55. 45. N.
Alexandria de la Paglia, or Alessandria, t.
Italy, in Sardinian Milanese, capital of a prov
ince of the same name, on the Tanaro ; 38 SW.
Milan, 44 E. Turin. Lon. 8. 40. E. Lat. 44. 57.
N. Pop. 30,216. H. 4,500. Bp. see. It con
tains 2 collegiate and 11 parish churches, 17
convents, 3 hospitals, and a gymnasium. Yearly
fairs are held here at the end of April and be
ginning of October, exceeded in importance
by none in Italy, except perhaps those of Sini-
gaglia. Alexandriana, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C.
W. 454.
Atexandrin, small country, Italy, in the
dutchy of Milan, in the environs of Alexandria
de la Paglia, to which it «wed its name.
Alexandrov, t. Rnssia, in Caucasus, capital of
a circle ; 48 WNW. Ekaterinograd. Lon. 32.
26. E. Lat. 44. 38. N. Pop. 2,500.
Alexandrov, t. Russia, in Vladimir ; 48 E.
Moscow. Lon. 38. 44. E. Lat. 35. 45. N. Pop. 700.
Alexandrovskaia, fortress, Russia, in Ekateri
noslav, on the Dnieper ; 40 males below Eka
terinoslav, 114 NE. Cherson. Lon. 35. 14. E.
Lat. 47. 35. N.
Alexandrovskaia, fortress, Russia, in Ekateri
noslav ; 63 NNW. Otchakov, 72 NW. Cherson.
Lon. 31. 14. E. Lat. 47. 45. N.
Alexim, t. Russia, in Tula, on Oka. Lat. 54.
42. N. Pop. 1,118.
•#ferijtfffl,t.Eu.Turkey,Servia; 18NNE.Nissa.
Alexopol, t. Russia, in Poltava ; 30 S. Poltava.
Pop. 800.
Alexowice, see Olkowilz.
Alfacar, t. Spain ; 5 NE. Grenada.
Alfachs, or Alfaques, s-p. Spain, on the coas,t
of the Mediterranean, in Catalonia, on an isl
and of the same name, at the mouth of the
Ebro; 9 S. Tortosa. Lon. 0.37. E. Lat.40.34.N.
Alfalia, t. Nubia, on the borders of Egypt ;
100 W. Syene.
Alfahaj t. Nubia, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 15 SW. Gherri.
Alfandego da FA, t. Portugal, in Tras-Os-
Montes ; 12 N. Torre de Moncorvo.
Alfaro, t. Spain, in Old Castile, near the Ebro,
on the borders of Navarre ; 7 E. Calahorra, 9
NW. Tudela. Pop. 4,700.

Alfaya, t. Sierra-Leone ; 80 SW. Teemboo.
Alfaayates, t. Portugal, in Beira; 150 NE^
Lisbon. Lon. 6. 32. W. Lat. 40. 9. N. Pop.
200. It is defended by a castle.
Alfeld, t. Gcr., in Baden ; 4 N. Neidenau.
Alfeld, t. Han., in Hildesheim, on the Leine",
15 S. Hildesheim, 30 S. Hanover. Lon. 9. 50.
E. Lat. 51. 58. N. Pop. 2,076.
Alfeldha, mt, Persia, Kerman ; 36 S. Sirgian.
Alfeo, r. Sicily, which runs into the sea, at
Syracuse. Alfeo, or Carbon, or Rufia, (an. Alpheus,) r.
Morea, which, after a northwesterly course of
about 100 miles, runs into the Mediterranean, 6
W. Olympia.
Alfere, t. Arabia ; 72 S. Medina.
Alfidena, (an. Aufidena,) t. Naples, in Abruz
zo Citra ; 15 SSE. Sulmona, 42 N. Capua.
Alfon, t. Nubia ; 40 SW. Gherri.
Alfontes, t. Portugal, Algarva ; 10 W. Louie.
Alford, t. Eng., in Lincoln, 6 miles from sea ;
30 E. Lincoln, 138 N. London. Lon. 0. 52. W.
Lat. 53. 14. N. Pop. 1,169.
Alford, v. Scot., in Aberdeenshire ; 15 W.
Inverary. Alford, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 15 SSW. Len
ox, 125 W. Boston. Pop. in 1810, 522 ; in 1820,
570. Alfordsville, p-v. Robeson co. N. C. ; W.387.
Alfordstown, p-t. and cap. Moore co. N. C,
about 30 WNW. Fayetteville.
Alfred, p-t. York co. Maine ; 24 N. York, 88
N. by E. Boston, W. 549. Pop. in 1810, 1,106;
in 1820, 1,271. It contains a court-house, a
jail, and a Congregational meeting-house. The
courts of the county are held alternately here
and at York. There is in the township a vil
lage of Shakers.
Alfred, p-t. Alleghany co. N- V. ; 10 SE. An
gelica. Pop. in 1810, 273 ; in 1820, 1,701.
Alfreton, t. Eng., in Derby; 15 N. Derby,
141 N. London. Pop. 2,301. It has a consid
erable corn market, held on Friday, though in
the charter granted for Monday.
Alfla, t. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 30 W. So-
derhamn. Alfundao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 6 SW.
Beja. Algaiola, Algayiola, or Argogliola, s-p. Corsi
ca, in Golo, on W. coast, at the mouth of the
river Aregno ; 6 NNE. Calvi, 38 SW. Bastia.
Algaira, or Aliara, r. Spain, which joins the
Cabriel, a little before its conflux with the
Xucar. Algarria, or Alcarria, pr. Spain, being a part
of New-Castile, between the Tagus and Old-
Castile. The chief places are Madrid, Toledo,
Alcala de Henares, and Guadalaxara.
Algarve, or Algarva, (an. Cuneus,) the most
southern pr. Portugal, anciently a kingdom ;
bounded W. and S. by the Atlantic, E. by the
Guadiana, which separates it from Spain, and
N. by Alentejo. It is mountainous, but fertile.
The principal towns are Silves, Tavira, Lagos,
Faro, fee. Pop. 93,472. Sq. m. 2,100.
Algas, r. Spain, which runs into the Matara-
na, near Nonaspe, in Arragon.
Algaucin, t. Spain, in Granada, a few miles
from Ronda. Pop. about 10,000. It is finely
situated on the ridge of a hill, with valleys on

ALG

sa

ALG

each side, abounding in fruits, vineyards, and
cornfields. Here are mineral springs.
Algemesi, or Algemesin, t. Spain, in Valencia,
near the Xucar; 15 NNW. Gandia, 18 S. Va
lencia. Lon. 0. 30. W. Lat. 39. 14. N. Pop.
4,500. Near this town grow great quantities of
what the people there call Pita ; of which they
make cordage, and the Catalans spin a thread
fine enough for lace.
Algesheim, t. Ger., in the grand duchy of
Hesse; 14 W. Mentz. Pop. 1,400.
Algezira, see Gezira, and Diarbekir.
Algezira, or Alzira, t. Spain, in Valencia, on
an island in the Xucar ; 20 S. Valencia. Pop.
9,000. It contains 3 churches, 6 convents, a
hospital, and a corregidor.
Algeziras, s-p. Spain, in Andalusia ; 7 W.
Gibraltar. Lon. 5. 26. W. Lat. 36. 8. N. Pop.
4,500. It is on the coast in the straits of Gib
raltar, formerly a considerable port, but now
gone to decay. It is agreeably situated on a
gentle slope close by the sea side.
Algezur, or Aljesur, t. Portugal, in Algarva,
at the mouth of a small river, near the Atlantic
ocean ; 17 NW. Lagos.
Alghemi, country, Africa, on the Slave Coast.
Alghieri, or Algeri, or Algieri, city, Sardinia,
on a mountain, near W. coast ; Bp. See ; 79
NW. Cagliari. Lon. 8. 35. E. Lat. 40. 31. N.
Pop. 4000.
Algidum, t. and mt. near Tusculum, about 12
miles from Rome.
Algienta,t. Italy, on the Lambro ; 10 N.Milan.
ALGIERS, country, Africa, on S, coast of
the Mediterranean, forming a considerable part
of the ancient Mauritania Tingitana and Nu-
midia; bounded N. by the Mediterranean, E.
by Tunis, W. by Morocco, and S. by the Atlas ;
extending from about Lon. 8. 30. E. to 1.30.
W.; about 500 English miles from E. to W.,
and generally not much more than 100 from
N. to S.
Divisions. It is divided into 3 provinces,
Constantina in the east, Titterie in the middle,
and Tremecen in the west.
Provinces. Chief Towns.
Titterie, or Algiers Proper.. ..Algiers h Boujeiah.
Constantina  Constantina h Bona.
Tremecen, or Tlemsan  Tremecen h Oran.
Population. The amount of the population
is uncertain, and is variously estimated. Hassel
estimates it at 1,800,000 ; Graberg at 2,500,00.
Inlidbitants. The towns are inhabited by
Moors, Jews, and Turks, with a few Europeans ;
the plain countiy chiefly by Arabs ; and the
mountains by Berbers.
Religion. The religion of the country is
Mahometanism. Government. Algiers is governed by a Dey,
who is elected from the army, assisted by the
douwan, a council of 30 chief officers. The
second officer is styled the Aga, or commander
of the janizaries. The government is a tumul
tuous despotism.
Navy. In 1812 the naval force consisted of
8 ships of from 36 to 50 guns, 10 or 12 sloops
of war, and 30 gun boats.
Face of the country. Algiers is traversed by

branches of the great chain of Atlas, particularly
those called Lowat and Ammer. The highest
summit is Jurjura. The country towards the
sea is mostly level.
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Shelliff,
Seibus, Zowan, and Rummel.
Soil. Although there are some sandy deserts,
yet the soil is, in general, exceedingly fertile.
Productions. The productions consist of
wheat, barley, rice, Indian corn, various fruits
and vegetables, cattle, sheep, &c.
Minerals. There are mines of lead and iron.
Salt is found in great abundance. Near the
lake of Marks there is a mountain composed of
this mineral : and near Argew are salt pits about
6 miles in compass.
Climate. The climate is fine, having neither
the sultry heat of summer, nor the piercing
cold of winter. During the 12 years that Dr.
Shaw resided in this countiy, the thermometer
fell but twice to freezing point.
Algiers, supposed to be the ancient Icosium,
capital of the kingdom of Algiers, in the prov
ince of Titterie, on the coast of the Mediterra
nean ; 300 W. Tunis. Lon. 3. 1. E. Lat. 36.49.
N. Pop. estimated in 1730, according to Dr.
Shaw, at 120,000 ; 15,000 Turks, 30,000 Colog-
lis, 60,000 Moors or Berbers ; the remainder
Jews, Christians, &c. Malte-Brun and Hassel
state it at 80,000 ; an English officer, belonging
to the expedition of 1816, as high as 180, or
200,000. Houses, according to Hassel, 15,000.
It is built on the declivity of a hill, on which
the houses rise gradually in the form of an am
phitheatre, and terminate nearly in a point at
the summit, presenting, when viewed from the
sea, a beautiful and magnificent spectacle. It
is only 1J mile in circuit, but the population
is great in proportion to the extent; every
house being 3 stories high, and occupied by
several families. The principal street passes
through the city from east to west, 1,200 paces
long, and only 12 feet broad ; the others are
so narrow, that 2 persons can scarcely walk
abreast. The houses are all white-washed, and
have flat roofs, and are so accommodated, that
visits to a considerable distance can be per
formed on the tops of them.
The largest buildings are the dey's palace and
the seraglio of his favourite wife ; both of great
magnitude. There are 10 great mosques and
50 smaller ones. The city is surrounded by a
wall, a league in circuit, 12 feet thick, 30 high
towards the land side, and 40 towards the sea ;
having 5 gates. There are also 4 castles ; but
all these fortifications on the land side are of
little avail, and the harbour only is well de
fended. The harbour is a work of immense
labour, formed by 2 moles. It is 130 fathoms
long, 80 broad, and 15 deep. Its entrance is
defended by a round castle and several batte
ries. Algiers is known chiefly as a naval and pirat
ical town. It was bombarded by an American
fleet under commodore Decatur in 1816; and
afterwards.in the sameyear,on the 27th August,
by a British fleet under lord Exmouth, when
the Algerine fleet was reduced to ashes, and
the batteries, by which the harbour was de
fended, were completely destroyed. The dey

ALH

39

ALI

was compelled to restore all Christian captives
without ransom, and to abolish for ever Chris
tian slavery in his dominions.
Algoa Bay, see Zwartkop's Bay.
Algodonales, cluster of islands on the coast of
Peru. Lon. 72. 50. W. Lat. 21. 56. S.
Algodres, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 3 NW. Castel
Rodrigo. Algon, small isl. Sweden, on W. side of the
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 18. 26. E. Lat. 63. 9. N.
Algonquins, Indians, N. A. on the Assiniboin,
on Rainy Lake, and Praire de Portage ; formerly
more numerous than at present. No. 600.
Algow, former name of a countiy, Ger. ;
bounded N. by.the Danube, S. by Tyrol, and
W. by lake Constance ; now included chiefly
in Bavaria and Wurtemburg.
Algozo, t. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montes ; 20
WSW. Miranda de Duero.
Algristan-Head, cape on W. coast of Scot
land. Lon. 5. 44. W. Lat. 57. 46. N.
Algue, t. Chili ; 24 W. Rancagua.
Algyogy, t. Transylvania, in Hunyad, not far
from Marosch.
Alhama, (an. Artigis-Julia,) t. Spain, in Gran
ada, on the Motril, in a valley surrounded with
mountains ; 25 SW. Granada. Lon. 2. 46. W.
Lat. 37. N. Pop. 4,500. Near it runs a small
river or brook, called Motril, which joins the
Rio Frio not far off. It is supplied with water
by an aqueduct, erected by the Moors; and
which still remains. About a quarter of a league
from the town are celebrated warm baths, used
both externally and internally. The kings of
Spain have erected a grand building for the use
of invalids, with baths of free-stone regulated
to different degrees of heat ; a little above the
baths are frightful rocks, whence issues the Rio
Frio, so called from the extreme coldness of its
waters ; it falls with a mighty noise on several
natural cascades.
Alhama, t. Spain, in Cordova, near the Sierra
Morena, supposed by some to be the ancient
Phornaeis ; 27 N. Cordova.
Alhama le Seca, t. Spain, in Granada, on the
river Almeria; 10 NNW. Almeria.
Alhama, r. Spain, which runs into the Ebro,
near Alfaro.
Alhambra, t. Spain, Aragon ; 7 N. Teruel.
Alhambra, r. Spain, which joins the Guadala-
viar, at Teruel.
Alhambra, palace of the Moorish kings in the
city of Grenada ; see Grenada.
Alhamrud, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on S.
coast of the Caspian sea ; 30 W. Fehrabad.
Lon. 52. 30. E. Lat. 35. 48. N.
Alhandra, t. Portugal, in Estramadura, on the
Tagus ; 15 NE. Lisbon.
Alhanges, t. Spain, in Estramadura ; 9 N.
Merida. Alliahuati, see Hernias.
Alhaur, (an. Alander,) r. Natolia, which runs
into the Sakaria, 8 S. Ameria.
Alhaurin, t. Spain, in Grenada ; 18 SW. Mal
aga. Pop. 1,000.
Alhaus, t. Prussia, ; 4 Si Culm.
Alhomi, t. New Mexico, in Cinaloa ; 80 WNW.
Cinaloa. Alhos Vedros, t. Portugal, in Estramadura, on
the Tagus; 6 SE. Lisbon.

AH, t. Georgia, in Carduel ; 50 W. Teflis.
Aliabad, t. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 30 SSE.
Fehrabad. Aljaki, t. Rus., Kiev ; 20 SE. Czerkasy.
Alianello, t. Naples, in Basilicata; 27 E. Po-
tenza. Aliano, t. Naples, in Basilicata ; 23 SE. Po-
tenza. Aliano, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 2 W. Gaeta,
Alianskoi. fort, Russia,' Kolivan ; 120 SSW,
Kolivan. Lon. 79. 34. E. Lat. 52. 50. N.
Aliapelia, t. Hind., in Barramaul ; 26 S. Da-
rempoory. Aliabali, isl. in the Caspian sea, near W.
coast. Lon. 68. 6. E. Lat. 39. 5. N.
Alibani, or Alibinali, t. Arabia ; 140 SE.
Amanzirifdin. Alibeg-kevi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 24 E.
Silistria. Aiwa, t. Tuscany ; 29 WSW. Florence.
Alieant, or Alicante, (an. Lucentum,) s-p.
Spain, on the Mediterranean, in Valencia ; 68
S. Valencia, 62 NNE. Carthagena. Lon. 0. 29.
W. Lat. 38. 21. N. Pop. 17,435. Bp.see. It
stands on a sort of peninsula, in bay of the
Mediterranean, at the foot of a rocky mountain,
on the summit of which is a castle now fortified.
The harbour is one of the best in Valencia.
The town is well built, and has considerable
commerce. The exports consist of wine, soap,
barilla, parsarillas, anise, dates, saffron, figs,
capers, brandy, raisins, and silk.
Alieant, t. Ceylon, nearW. coast; 10 S. Cal-
itoor. Alicanterilla, t. Spain, in Murcia. Lat. 38. 21.
N. Pop. 3,000.
Alicata, or Licaia, or Leocata, (an. Phintia,)
s-p. Sicily, in the valley of Mazara ; 18 ESE.
Girgenti, 60 SW. Catania. Lon. 13. 50. E. Lat.
37. 11. N. Pop. 12,000. This town is pleasantly
situated by the sea side, partly on a hill, and
partly at the foot of the hill.
Alice, see Alece.
Alicun, t. Spain, in Grenada, celebrated for
medicinal waters and baths ; 12 Grenada.
Alicuri, or Alicudi, (ah Ericusa,) one of the
Lipari islands, in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Sicily ; it is small, and inhabited by
fishermen ; 15 W. Lipari. Lon. 14. 21. E. Lat.
38. 37. N. Pop. 500.
Aljezira, see Algezira.
Alifi, (an. Alifie,) t. Naples, in Lavora ; Bp.
see ; 5 N. Capua, 34 N. Naples. Pop. 1,836.
Aliga, i. Hind., which runs into the sea near
Carwar. Aliguay, one of the smaller Philippine islands,
near N. coast of Mindanao, low and woody.
Lon. 123. 29. E. Lat. 9. 51. N.
Alihamman, t. A. Turkey, in Mosul, on the
Tigris ; 20 S. Mosul.
Alima, r. Mexico, which rises in the province
of Mechoacan, and runs into the Pacific ocean,
Lat. 19. 20. N.
Alimpapon, t. on W. coast of Mindanao. Lon .
122. 3. E. Lat. 7. N.
Ali-Musjid, t. Candahar ; 18 NNW. Paisha-
wer. Alimus, v. Attica, E. of the Piraeus.
Alinagore, t. Carnatic ; 10 W. Tricolore.
Alindd, now Mogla.

ALL

40

ALL

Alingsalis, or Alingaes, t. Sweden, in West-
Gothland ; 5 S. Bahus. Lon. 12. 19. E. Lat.
57. 58. N. Pop. 969. Here are manufactures of
silk, woollen, and tobacco.
Alise, or Alise Sle Reyne, (an. Alesia,) t.
France, in C6te-d'Or ; 8 NE. Semur-en-Auxois.
Alivarcourchy, t. Hind. ; 21 W. Tinevelly.
Alixen, t. France, Ardeche ; 6 ENE. Valence.
Aljubarota, or Aljuraboca t. Portugal, in Es
tramadura ; 10 S. Leyria. Pop. 1,600. Near
this town Juan I. king of Portugal, obtained a
signal victory over the king of Castile, on Au
gust 14, 1383.
Aljucen, t. Spain, Estramadura ; 7 N. Merida.
Aljucen, r. Spain, which runs into the Guadi-
ana, near Merida.
Aljustrel, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 16 WSW. ,
Beja. Aljustrel, t. Portugal, in Estramadura; 4W.
Thomar. Alkaifar, fortress, Arabian Irak ; 106 W. Bag
dad. Alkamare, t. Persia, in Irak; 8 E. Bagdad.
Alkan, t. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile ;
19 S. Shabur.
Alketh, one of the Felew isl. N. P. ocean.
AIM, t. Hind., Sanore ; 18 WNW. Darwar.
Alkington, t. Eng., in Gloucestershire ; 7 NE.
Berkley. Alkrington, or Okerton, v. Eng., in Oxford
shire, near Banbury.
Alkmaer, see Alcmaer.
Alia, t. Tyrolese, on the Adige ; 17 S. Trent,
18 N. Ferona. Pop. 4,104.
Alia, or Alle, r. Prussia, which rises from a
lake in S. part of Ermeland, passes by Allen-
stein, Guttstadt, Heilsberg, Bartenstein, Schip-
penbeil, Fridland, Allenburg, he. and joins the
Fregel, at.Welau.
Alladorf, t. Bav. 7 E. Wunseidel.
Allahabad, or Allahbash, i. e. the house of God,
pr. Hind., bounded N. by Oude and Agra, E.
by Bahar, S. by Goondwanah, and W. by Mal-
wa and Agra ; about 270 miles long, and 120
broad. Pop. estimated at 7,000,000 ; f Hindoos,
the rest Mahometans. Chief rivers, Ganges,
Jumnap, Goomty, Caramnassa, Tonse, and
Cane. The principal cities are Allahabad, Be
nares, and Jionpour. In 1798, this province
was ceded to Great Britain.
Allahabad, city, Hind., capital of the province
of Allahabad, at the confluence of the Ganges
and Jumna, 820 miles, by the course of the
Ganges, from the sea; 222 SE. Agra, 300 S.
Delhi. Lon. 81. 50. E. Lat. 25. 27. N. Pop.,
according to Hamilton, exclusive of the garri
son, 20,000, according to others, 90,000, or more.
It was formerly called Praeg or Priag; and
is supposed by D'Anville and Robertson to be
on the site of the ancient Palibolhra, the capital
of the Prasii. It has a very large and strong
fort, situated on a tongue of land between the
two rivers, completely commanding the navi
gation of both. The city does not make a
handsome appearance, having but a few brick
buildings. Nine tenths of the buildings of the
natives are of mud. The confluence of the
Ganges and Jumna is regarded by the Hindoos
as peculiarly sacred, and Allahabad is one of
the most esteemed places of Hindoo worship

and ablution. Every summer multitudes of
pilgrims resort hither, and perform their purifi
cations for nearly 2 months. The Baptist mis
sionary society have 2 missionaries here.
Allah-Shehr, i. e. the city of God, (an. Phila
delphia,) t. Natolia ; 30 SE. Sart,65 E. Smyrna.
Lon. 28. 25. E. Lat. 38. 24. N. Houses stated
in 1820, at 3,000; 250 Greek, the rest Turkish.
Greek abp. see. It is of large extent, spreading
upon the declivities of 3 or 4 hills, and exhibits
remains of a thick and lofty wall. It contains
24 Greek churches, only 6 of them in repair,
and served by priests. It is situated on one of
the principal roads to Smyrna ; its trade is
considerable, and its coffee houses and baths
are much resorted to. Philadelphia was an
ciently one of the principal cities of Mysia,
noted for earthquakes.
Allaire, t. France, in Morbihan ; 8 SE.
Rochefort. Pop. 4,355.
Allaki, mt. Nubia, on the coast of the Red
Sea, W. Aidab.
Allaknandara, r. Thibet, which runs into the
Ganges ; 20 S. Sirinagur.
Allambady, t. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 62 ESE.
Seringapatam. Allamp, t. France, in Meurte ; 9 S. Toul.
Allamparva, fort, on the sea coast of the Car
natic ; 65 S. by W. Madras.
Allan, r. Scotland, which runs into the Frith
of Forth, near Stirling.
Allan Water, r. Scotland, which runs into the
Tweed, 1 NW. Melrose, in Roxburgshire.
Allanche, t. France, in Cantal ; 7 N. Murat,
12 NNW. St. Flour. Pop. 3,350.
Allande, t. Spain, Asturia ; 28 W. Oviedo.
Allan's Creek, r. N. Y., which runs into the
Genesee, in Caledonia. Length 40 miles.
Allapour, t. Hind., Oude ; 10 E. Budayeon.
Allariz, t. Spain, in Galicia ; 8 S. Orense.
Allasunga, t. Bengal, Nagpour ; 40 S. Doesa.
Alle, see Alia.
Alleegah, t. Africa, in Algiers, on a river of
the same name, where are found some consid
erable ruins ; 20 E. Constantina.
Alleegah, r. Algiers, which runs into the Sei-
bouse, near Hammam-Meskouteen.
Alleghany, or Allegany, or Appalachian
Mountains, range of mountains, U. S., 900 miles
in length, and from 50 to 200 in breadth, ex
tending from near the mouth of the St. Law
rence to the confines of Georgia. They run
nearly parallel to the sea-shore, at the distance
of from 50 to 130 miles from it, and divide the
rivers and streams of water, which flow into
the Atlantic on the E. from those which flow
into the lakes and the Mississippi on the W.
These mountains are not confusedly scattered
and broken, but stretch along in uniform ridges,
for most part scarcely half a mile high. The
several ridges are known by different names,
as Blue Ridge, North Mountain, Jackson's
Mountain, Laurel Mountain, Cumberland
Mountain, he.
Alleghany, r. which rises in Lycoming co. Pa.,
winds through S. part of New York, turns again
into Pennsylvania, runs SW. and unites with
the Monongahela at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio.
It is 400 miles long, and navigable for boats
upwards of 200.

ALL

41

ALL

Jtllegkany, co. SW. part of N. Y. ; Bounded
N. by Genesee and Ontario cos., E. by Steuben
Co., S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Cataraugus
co. Pop. in 1810, 1,942; in 1820, 9,330. Chief
town, Angelica.
Alleghany, eo., W. part of Pa., bounded N. by
Butler co., E. by Westmoreland co., S. and SW.
by Washington co., and NW. by Beaver co.
Pop. in 1810, 35,317 ; in 1820, 34,921. Chief
town, Pittsburg.
Alleghany, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop.
1,388. Alleghany, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 947.
Alleghany, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 773.
Alleghany, t. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 1,413.
Alleghany, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 372.
Alleghany, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 671.
Alleghany, co. NW. corner Md. ; bounded N.
by Pennsylvania, E. by Washington, co., SE. S.
and W. by Virginia. Pop. in 1810, 6,909 ; in
1820, 8,654. Chief town, Cumberland.
Alleghany College, see Meadville. i
Allemanee, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. ; W. 335.
Allen, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,995.
Allen, co. Ken. Pop. 5,327.
Allenau, t. Prussia ; 27 SE. Konigsberg.
Allenbach, t. Hesse Cassel ; 5 E. Smalcalden.
Allenburg, t. Prussia, in Konigsberg, on the
Alia ; 30 SE. Konigsberg. Lon. 21. 22. E. Lat.
54. 30. N. Pop. 1,353.
Allendale, township, Eng., Northumberland ;
6 S. Hexham. Pop. 2,006.
Allendorf, t. Hesse Cassel, on the Werra ; 24
W. Mulhausen, 45 WNW. Erfurt. Lon. 9. 58. Ei
Lat. 51. 16. N. Pop. 3,433.'
Allendorf an der Lumde, t. Hesse Cassel, in
Upper-Hesse ; 6 NE. Giessen, 8 S. Marburg.
Lon. 8. 51. E. Lat. 50. 40. N. Pop. 1,160.
Allen's Ferry, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana ; W.
537. Allen's Fresh, p-v. Charles co. Md. ; 91 SSW.
Baltimore. W. 43.
Allen's Key, small isl. among the Bahamas.
Lon. 78. 4S. W. Lat. 26. 40. N.
Allenstein, or Olstinech, t. Prussia, in Konigs
berg, on the Alia ; 60 S. Konigsberg, 76 ESE.
Dantzick. Lon. 20. 25. E. Lat. 53. 40. N. Pop.
2,014. Allenstown, t. Rockingham co. N. H., on E.
side of the Merrimack ; 9 SE. Concord. Pop.
433. Allenstown, p-t. Northampton co. Pa., on the
Lehigh ; 18 SW.Easton, 52 NNW. Philadelphia,
W. 184. Pop. 1,847. Here is an academy.
Allentown, p-t. Monmouth co. N. Y. ; 8 ENE.
Bordentown, 34 NE. Philadelphia, W. 178.
Allentown, p-v. Montgomery co. N. C. ; W.
428. Allentrop, t. Prus., Afensberg, on the Sorbeck;
9. S. Arensberg. Pop. 585.
Allepie, see Aleppie.
Alter, r. Han., which passes by Luneberg,
Gif horn, Zelle, he., and joins the Weser, a little
below Verden.
Alter, v. Eng., in Somersetshire ; 6 S. Bridge-
water. Here are ruins of an ancient chapel.
Allersberg, t. Bav. ; 16 S. Nuremberg, 32 N.
Neuberg. Pop. 1,508.
Allerton, t. Eng., in the west riding of York
shire ; 5 SE. Bradford.
Vol. I. ' 6

Allerton, (Chapel,) t. Eiig., in the west riding
of Yorkshire ; 3 N. Leeds.
Allerton, (North,) see North Allerton.
Allertsheim, t. Bav. ; 5 S. Oettingen.
Allertsperg, t. Aust. ; 7 N. Bavarian-Waidho-
ven. Allesani, t. Corsica ; 13 ENE. Corte.
Alleslar, or Allislar, t. Malacca, in the district
of Queda. It stands 2 or 3 leagues up a river,
and has a very mean appearance. The royal
palace resembles a spacious farm house.
Allevard, t. France, in Isere ; 18 NNE. Gren
oble. Pop. 2,256.
. Allex, t. France, in Drfime ; 10 S. Valence.
Allier, (an. Elaver,) r. France, which rises
near Chateau-Neuf de Randon, in Lozere, and
joins the Loire, 3 W. Nevers.
Allier, dep. France, bounded N. by Cher
and Nyevre, E. by SaOne-and-Loire and
Loire, S. by Puy-de-i>6me, and W. by Creuse
and Cher; 60 miles in length from E. to W.,
and 35 in its mean breadth ; the river Allier
crosses it in • the centre from S. to N. This
department is composed of what, before the
revolution, was called Bourbonnois. Moulins
is the capital. Pop. 260,265. Sq. m. 2,758.
Alligator River, r. N. C. which runs into Al
bemarle Sound, Lon. 76. 20. W. Lat. 35. 56. N.
Allighur, fortress, Hind., which in 1803 was
taken by the British troops ; nearly half way
between the rivers Ganges and Jumnah. Lon.
78. 24. E. Lat. 27. 55. N.
Alligunge, t. Hind., in Rohilcund ; 7 SW.
Bareilly. Alligunge, t. Hind., in Rohilcund; 20 W-
Ferruckabad. Alligunge, t. Hind., in Oude ; 24 W. Goorac-
pour. Alligunge, X. Bengal, in Curruckpour ; 8 S.
Curruckpour. Alligunge, see Sewan.
Allinghery, t. Carnatic ; 38 SW. Arcot.
Allinghy, t. Hind., in Dindigul ; 38 SW. Din-
digul. Allinaugur, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 20 N.
Gazypour. Allitory, t. Carnatic ; 5 SW. Tritchinopoly.
Alloa, or Alloway, s-p. Scotland, in Clack-
mannshire, on N."side of the Forth ; 2 NW.
Clackmannan, 31 NW. Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 48.
W. Lat. 56. 8. N. Pop. 5,096. It is the most
considerable port in the Forth, with 3 feet
greater depth of water in the harbour, than on
the bar of Leith. Markets on Wednesday and
Saturday. The streets are narrow and irregular,
except one, which runs strait to the harbour.
About 35,000 tons of coal, and 1,000,000 gallons
of spirits are exported yearly. West of the ferry
is a glass house for making bottles. Here are
also manufactures of linen, muslin, ropes, and
nails ; and a foundeiy. Near the town is the
tower, the residence of the representatives of
the family of Marr, built before the year 1300,
and lately repaired.
Allan, small isl. on W. side of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 18. 36. E. Lat. 63. 11. N.
Allones, r. Spain, which rises in Galicia, and
runs into the sea, Lon. 9. 12. W. Lat. 43. 16. N.
Alloor, t. Hind., in Carnatic ; 16 N. Nellore.
Allore, t, Hind., in Berar; 15 S. Itchapour.

ALM

42

ALM

Alios, t. France) in Lower Alps ; 4 N. Col-
mars, 9 S. Barcelonctte. Pop. 1,404.
Alloui, t. France, in Charente, on the Cha-
rente ; 6 W. Confolent.
Allow, r. Eng., which runs into the Tyne be
tween Hexham and Newcastle.
Alloway Creek (Lower,) t. Salem co. N. J.
Pop. 1,217.
Alloway Creek, (Upper,) t. Salem co. N. J.
Pop. 2,194.
Alloway, or Allocs Creek, r. Salem co. N. J.
which runs into the Delaware.
All-Saints, parish, Georgetown dist. S. C.
All-Saints Bay, or Bahiada Todos Santos,ba.y
S. A. on the coast of Brazil, secure and large
enough for a fleet of ships. Lon. 38. 50. W.
Lat. 13. 10. S.
All-Saint's Bay, bay, N.Pacific ocean, on the
coast of New-Albion. Lon. 240. 38. E. Lat.
31. 44. N.
Allstadt, see Alstadt.
Allstet, see Altsladt.
Alludsje, t. Arabia; 14 ENE. Beit el Fakeh.
Allum, t. Carnatic ; 1 1 NW. Palamcotta.
Allumbaddy, see Alembaddy.
Allumchund, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 16 NW.
Allahabad. Allwmpour, t. Bengal ; 25 W. Midnapour.
Allung-Cullung, t. Hind., in Baglana; 18 S.
Nassuck. Altut, t. Ceylon ; 15' NE. Candy. Lon. 18.
2. E. Lat. 7. 56. N.
Alluvial-Way, or Ridge-Road, ridge, lying
along the S. shore of Lake Ontario, at the
distance of from 6 to 10 miles. Its general
width is from 4 to 8 rods, and it is raised in the
middle with a handsome crowning arch, from
6 to 10 feet. A road is opened upon it from
Lewiston to Genesee river, a distance of 87
miles^ It is a grand work of nature, and es
teemed a great curiosity.
Allygunge, t. Bengal, in Purneah ; 25 NNE.
Purneah. Allygunge, t. Hind., Oude ; 40 E. Bahraitch.
Allynagrum, t. Hind., in Dindigul ; 15 N.
Ootampaleam. Allypour, t. Hind,, Gohud ; 30 WSW. Gwalior.
Almagan, see Almazan.
Almagaran, t. and fortress, Spain, in Murcia,
near the Mediterranean ; 18 W. Carthagena,
24 S. Murcia. Lon. 1. 26. W. Lat. 37. 33. N.
Pop. 4,000. It is famous for its fine red earth,
without any mixture of sand, which is a prin
cipal ingredient used in Spanish snuff, to give
it that fine colour and softness to the hand, and
to fix its volatility ; and is likewise used in the
glass-house of St. Ildephonso, instead of tripo-
li, to give the last polish to glass. It is some
times called after the name of the village, but
more commonly Almagre.
Almada, t. Hind., in Visiapour; 25 ENE.
Bhagalcotte. Almada, t. Portugal, on the left bank of the
Tagus, opposite Lisbon. Pop. 3,000.
Almaden, (an. Sisapo,) t. Spain, in La Man-
cha; 39 SW. Civdad Real, 44 N. Cordova.
Pop. 1,600. The quicksilver mine of Almaden
is the most ancient known in the world. In
the precincts there are 12 furnaces called the
Twelve Apostles ; each- can receive about 200
quintals, including good and bad stone, which,

in three days, will produce about 40 quintals of
quicksilver. Almadia, see Amadia.
Almadan de la Plata, t. Spain, Seville, on the
Colar; 32 N. Seville.
Almadie, or Almodie Point, (an. Ryssadium,)
cape or headland on N. side of Cape Verde.
Lat. 14. 50. N.
Almadra, t. Port, in Algarva ; 4 W. Lagos.
Almadronis, t. Africa, in Fez, not far from
Cape Spartel ; 10 S. Tangiers.
Almcena, now Telmeen.
Almagro, t. Spain, in New-Castile, the chief
place of the order of Calatrava ; 9 ESE. Civ
dad Real. Pop. 3,000
Almaguer, t. S. A. in Popayan ; on the Cau-
ca f 36 S. Popayan. Lon. 76. 32. W. Lat. 2. N.
Almaha, t. Spain, in Grenada ; 15 or 20 miles
from Alhama. Pop. 2,000. Here is a manu
factory of salt.
Almakarana, (an. Carana,) strong fortress of
SW. part of Arabia, in Yemen.
Almali, t. A. Turkey, Natolia ; 42 SW. Sata-
lia. Lon. 29. 42. E. Lat. 36. 38. N.
Almanchery, t. Hind., in Carnatic ; UN.
Bo mrauzepollam .
Almandrel, t. Chili, on the sea coast.
Almanesli, t. Walachia ; 50 E. Tergozyl.
Almansor. t. Fez, on the Cuir, near the sea ;
10 SW. Sallee. Lon. 6. 50. W. Lat. 33. 45. N.
Almanza, t. Spain, in a fertile plain of Mur
cia, on the frontiers of Valencia; 15 NNW. of
Villena, 54 SW. Valencia.. Pop. 6,400. This
plain is remarkable for a battle fought here in
the war of succession, on the 25th of April
1707. About half a mile E. of the town, in the
midst of a plain, is a square obelisk of stone,
30 feet high, to commemorate the victory. —
Almanza contains a church and 8 convents.
On the top of a steep rock are the remains of
a very large Moorish castle.
Almanza, t. Spain, in Leon; 26 E. Leon.
Almaraz, t. Spain, in Estramadura, on the
Tagus ; 18 SSE. Plancentia, 24 ESE. Coria.
AlmOsary, t. Russia, in Tauris, where the
Cham of the Crimea formerly had a palace.
Almaiingen, v. Switz., in Berne ; 3 S. Berne.
Here, in 1799, the Swiss were defeated by the
French. Almazan, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the
Duero ; 16 S. Soria. Pop. 2,000. It is remark
able for being the place where the treaty of
peace was settled between Henry king of Cas
tile, and Peter IV. king of Aragon, in 1375.
Almazaran, see Almagaran.
Alme, r. Gei\, which runs into the Lippe,
near Elsen.
Almedina, t. Morocco, on Mount Atlas, 90
miles from Morocco. It is now in ruins.
Almeida, see Almeyda.
Almeloo, t. Holland, in Overissel; capital of
a district on the Regge ; 20 ENE. Deventer.
Pop. 4,293.
Almen, t. Holland, in Zutphen, on the Burc-
kle; 6E. Zutphen.
Almendra, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 6 NW. Cas-
tel-Rodrigo. Almendro, t. Spain, in Seville; 18 NNE.
Ayamonte. Almendrolejo, t. Spain, in Estramadura ; 12
S. Merida. '

ALM

43

ALO

Almeria, (an. Magnus Partus, and Murgis,)
s-p. Spain, in Grenada, commodiously situated
at the mouth of the river Almeria. Bp. see. 45
S. Baza, 54 SE Grenada. Lon. 2.31. W. Lat.
36. 5i.N. Pop. 7,200. When in possession of
the Moors, it was a place of great strength, and
a harbour for corsairs. There is a manufacture
of salt-petre at Almeria, which is sent to Gre
nada to undergo a second process.
Almeria, or Naotlan, t. Mexico, in Tlascala,
near the mouth of a river which runs into the
Gulf of Mexico ; 50 N. Vera-Cruz, 150 E Mex
ico. Lon. 97. 30. W. Lat. 20. 18. N.
Almerode, Gross, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Gel-
ster; 18 SE. Cassel. Pop. 1,545.
Atmeyrim, or Almerin, t. Portugal, in Estra
madura ; 3 SE. Santaren.'
Almeyda, or Almeida, t. Portugal, in Beira,
on the frontiers of Spain ; 113 NE. Lisbon.
Lon. 6. 35. W. Lat. 40. 30. N. Pop. 2,750.
This town is well fortified, has two gates, a cas
tle, and some barracks.
Almiranle, cluster of islands on the coast of
-Zanguebar, Africa. Lon. 51. 40. to 52. 50. E.
Lat. 5. 30. to 5. 45. S.
Almiranle-Bay, see Amirante-Bay.
Almiranle River, r. West-Florida, which runs
into Pensacola Bay.
Almiron, t. Candy; 6 NW. Retimo.
Almissa, t. Austria, in Dalmatia; 16 S. Spa-
latro. Lon. 16. 58. E. Lat. 43. 18. N. Pop.
1,600. It is situated at the mouth of the Cetti-
na, near the foot of a very high rock. It is
called Ornish by the Sclavonians, and has been
supposed to be on the site of Onaum, or of Pe-
guntium. Almodie Point, see Almadie Point.
Almodovar, t. Spain, Aragon ; 9 SW. Huesca.
Almodovar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 9 S.Ouri-
que. Pop. 2,500.
Almodovar del Campo, t. Spain, in La Man-
cha, at the foot of the Sierra-Morene, with a
castle; 18 S.Civdad-Real. Pop. 3,000.
Almodovar del Pimar, t. Spain, in New-Cas
tile ; 25 ESE. Cuenca.
Almoi, t. Prussia ; 24 SW. Rastenburg.
Almonacid,t. Spain, Old-Castile; 9 SE. Tole
do. Almonacid, t. Spain; 15 S. Leon.
Almond, r. Scotland, which runs into the
Frith of Forth, 5 W. Leith.
Almond,v. Scotland, which rises in the Gram
pian hills, and runs into the Tay.
Almandbury, t. Eng. in W. Riding of York
shire ; 2 S. Huddersfield. Pop. 4,613.
Almonte, r. Spain, which runs into the Ta
gus, not far from Truxillo.
Almonte, t. Spain, Seville ; 13 SE. Moguer.
Almora, country, Asia, between the moun
tains of Thibet and Hindostan, N. Rohilcund.
The principal towns are Almora, Rampour, and
Cossipour. The S. part of this countiy is an
nexed to the subah of Oude.
Almora, t. Hind., in Almora. Lon. 79. 40. E.
Lat. 29. 35. N. It is built on the top of a large
ridge of mountains, the houses being much
scattered. Almoria, r. Spain, which rises in the Sierra-
Nevada i about 6 S. Guadix, and runs into the
Mediterranean, near Almeria:; it is called at

first Boleduy, but changes its name a little above
Alhama la Seca.
Almotanah, see Dead Sea.
Almout, t. Persia, in Mazanderan \ 90 SW.
Fehrabad. Almshaden, t. Arabia ; 80 NE. Hagiaz.
Almstadt, t. Sweden, in Smaland; 3 miles
from the Baltic, 4 E. Christianstadt.
Almudevar, see Almodovar.
Almum, now Lumgrad.
Almunda, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 14 SW. Vi-
zianagram. Almunecar, (an. Menoba,) s-p. Spain, in Gre
nada, on the Mediterranean ; 32 E. Malaga, 36
SSW. Grenada, ton. 3. 54. W. Lat. 36. 42.
N. Pop. 2,100. It has a good harbour, defend
ed by a strong citadel.
Almunha, or Almunia, t. Spain, in Aragon,
near the Xiloca; 12 NE. Calataiud. Pop. 3,000.
Almus, now Lorn.
Almus, or Almous, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 20
NE. Tocat.
Almuthie, s-p. on E. coast of Scot, in Angus;
7 S. Montrose.
Alna, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 10 N. Wiscas-
set, 190 NNE. Boston. W. 608. Pop. 978.
Alnapest, mt. Ireland, in Donegal ; 19 NNE.
Balyshannon. Alne, r. Eng. which rises in Warwickshire,
and runs into the Arrow, at, Alcester.
Alne, r. Errg., which rises in Northumberland,
and runs into the German Sea, at Alnemouth.
Alnemouth, or Alemouth, s-p. Eng., for small
vessels, in Northumberland, which carries on a
considerable trade with Holland ; 4 SE. Alne-
wick, 15 N. Morpeth. Lon. 1. 35. W. Lat. 55.
25. N. Pop. 353.
Alnewick, or Alnwick, t. Eng. in Northum
berland, on N. side of a hill near the river Al
ne ; 30 S. Berwick, 305 N. London. Lon. 1.
34. W. Lat. 55. 23. N. Pop. 4,719. The town
is well built, has a market on Saturday, and
sends 2 members to parliament. Alnwick cas
tle is the seat -of the duke of Northumberland.
Alney, isl. Eng. in the Severn, remarkable
for an interview between Canute the Dane,
and Edmund Ironside, near Gloucester.
Alnok, small isl. near the coast of Sweden,
in Sundswall bay, with a town of the same
name ; 5 NE. Sundswall. Lon. 17. 13. E. Lat.
62. 24. N.
Alomayo, t. Peru, in Gaumalie.
Aloasio, t. Quito, S. A.
Alona, now Kirkby Londsdale.
Alondi, isl. Arabian sea, near the coast of
Adel. Lon. 44. E. Lat. 1 1. 42. N.
Along, r. Asia, which runs into the Gulf of
Siam. Lon. 100. 21. E. Lat. 8.-40. N.
Along, t. Lower Siam, on the river so called ;
30 NNW. Ligor.
Alonia, small isl. in the sea of Marmora.
Lon. 27. 29. E. Lat. 40. 22. N. It is about 18
miles in circ, very fertile, covered with vine-

Alonta, now Terki.
Aloo, (Straits of,) part of the E. Indian sea,
between the islands of Lomablem and Pantar.
Alophaj r. Syria, which runs into the Medi
terranean, 2 S. Bayreut.
Alora,t. Spain, in Grenada; 13 S. Antequera

ALP

44

ALS

18 NW. Malaga. Pop. 4,000. It is situated on
the side of a mountain, near the borders of a
fertile plain, and has an ancient castle.
Alore, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad, on the Goda-
very ; 30 E. Nander.
Aloren, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 18. E. Lat. 63. 35. N.
Alorno, t. Concan ; 8 N. Goa.
Alost, or Aalsl, t. Flanders, on the Dender ;
13 SE. Ghent, 15 NW. Brussels. Lon. 4. 2. E.
Lat. 50. 56. N. Pop. 10,927. The trade in corn
and hops, and brewing constitute the chief bu
siness of the town.
Alpahao, t. Portugal,, in Alentejo ; 14 NNW.
Portalegre. Alpedrinha, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 13 NNE.
Castel-Branco. Alpedriz, t. Portugal, in Estramadura; 8 SW.
Leyria. Alphen, t. Pru., Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Cleves;
8 SW- Wesel, 50 NNW. Cologne. Pop. 382.
Alphen, t. Holland, on the Rhine, between
Leyden and Waerden. Pop. 2,006.
Alpheus, now Alfeo.
Alphonso, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon.
52. 20. E- Eat. 7. 4. S.
Alpignan, t. Piedmont, on the Dora ; 5 W.
Turin. Alpnach, t. Switz., in Undenvalden ; 6 S. Lu
cerne. Pop. 1,300.
Alpon Vecchio, r. Italy, which runs into the
Adige, a little above Albaredo.
Alpour, t. Hind., Visiapour; 25 NNE. Solla-
pour. Alps, long ridge of mountains, in the heart of
Europe, dividing Italy from France, Switzer
land, and Germany. They begin near the
mouth of the Var on the gulf of Genoa, and
stretch in the form of a crescent from the coun
ty of Nice, through Provence, Dauphine, Sa
voy, Switzerland, Tyrol, Swabia, Salzburg,
Carintbia, and Carniola; between 600 and 700
miles in length.
The principal subdivisions are the following ;
1, the Maritime Alps, extending from near Mo
naco to Mount Viso ; 2, the Coition Alps, ex
tending from Mount Viso to Mount Senis ; 3,
the Greek Alps, continuing the chain to Little
St. Bernard; 4, the Penine Alps, extending
from St. Bernard to St. Gothard, including be
sides other summits, Mont Blanc 15,680, and
Mont Rosa 15,552 feet high, the most elevated
mountains in Europe ; 5, the Rhmtian Alps, dis
tinguished into 3 parts, the High Alps, reaching
from St. Gothard to Lago Maggiore, the Lepon-
tine Alps, lying to the south of the Pennine and
High Alps, and the Rhalian Alps, properly so
called, extending through the southern part of
the country of the Grisons ; 6, the Tyrolese, or
Tridentine Alps, in Swabia, including Mount
Brenner ; 7, the Noric Alps, between the terri
tory of Salzburg and Venice ; 8, the Carriic Alps,
between Carinthia and Friuli to Mount Acca ;
9, the Julian, Pannonian, or Venetian Alps, ex
tending from Mount Acca, between Carinthia,
Carniola, and Friuli to the gulf of Carnero, in
Istria. The Alps are the most elevated range of
mountains in Europe, and are composed of im
mense masses of rock piled upon each other.

The principal summits are covered with per*
petual snow. Two of the most celebrated gla
ciers are those of de Boisson and de Bois in the
valley Chamouni in Savoy. Some of the prin
cipal passages of the Alps are those of Col di
Tenda, Col d'Argentiere, Simplon, Mont Cer-
vin, Furka, Col de Seigne, Great St. Bernard,
Col 'ferret, Little St. Bernard, St. Gothard, he.
Alps, Suabian, or Wurtemberg, rugged chain
of mountains, in SE. corner of Wurtemberg;
70 miles long, and from 15 to 20 broad, be
tween the Danube and Neckar. It is properly
a continuation of the Schwarzwald. The high
est part is between Sultz and Tubingen ; bleak
and uncultivated, but not covered with perpet
ual snow.
Alps, (Higher,) dep, France, formed of the
country before called Dauphine ; the principal
towns are Gap, the capital Briancon, and Em-
bran. Pop. 121,503.
Alps, (Lower,) dep. France, formed of the
county of Provence. The principal towns are
Digne the capital, Barcelonette, Castellane, Sis-
teron, and Forcalquier. Pop. 149,400.
Alps, (Maritime,) late dep. France, formed
of the county of Nice, and principality of Mo
naco. Pop. 131,266.
Alps, (Southern,) mountains in S. part of New
Zealand. Alpsee, lake, Switz., being a continuation of
the lake of Lucerne.
Alpuxaras, Los, (an. Monies Solis,) mountains,
Spain, in Grenada, extending from Velez to
Almeria, being about 51 miles in length from
E. to W., and 33 in breadth from N. to S. ; and~
so high, says Veirac, that their summits are vis
ible not only from Gibraltar, but likewise from
the coast of Africa, between Ceuta and Tan
giers. No part of Spain is so well peopled ;
they reckon 120 villages and hamlets in these
Taas. Aire, or Itching, r. Eng., which rises near AI-
resford, and runs into Southampton water, a.
little below Southampton.
Alresford, t. Eng., Hampshire, with a weekly.
market on Thursday; 8 NE. Winchester, 58 .
SW. London. Pop. 1,429. Old Alresford is a
village a little to the north.
AlrOe, small isl. in North Sea, near the coast
of Jutland, at the mouth of the Gulf of Horsens.
Lon. 10. 30. E. Lat. 55. 52. N.
Alsace, (an. Alsatia,) before the late revolu
tion was a province of France, bounded E. by
the Rhine, S. by Switz. and part of Franche
Compte, W. by Lorraine, and N. by the Palati
nate of the Rhine ; and accounted one of the
most fertile countries in Europe. It was divid
ed into Upper and Lower Alsace. Strasburg
was the capital. It formerly belonged to the
German circle of the Upper Rhine, but was
ceded in 1648. It now forms two departments,
Upper Rhine, capital Colmar, and Lower Rhine,
capital Strasburg. Pop. 915,191. Sq. m. 3,740.
Alsace, t. Berks co. Pa. on E. side of the
Schuylkill. Pop. 1,640.
Alsass, r. Armenia, which, runs into the Aras.
44. SE, Erivan. ',
Alsass, t. Persian Armenia, on a river of the
same name ; 42 SSW. Erivan.
Alschausen,t. Bav.; 9 S. Buchau. Pop, 1,600V

ALT

45

ALT

Alsen, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, near the
coast of Sleswick, to which it belongs ; separ
ated from the main land by a narrow channel,
called Alsend-Sund, or Alsin-Sund ; 18 miles
long, and 6 wide. Lon. 9. 55. E. Lat. 55. N.
Pop. 15,045. Sq. m. 132.
Alsen, v. Sweden, in Jamtland, on an arm of
Lake Storfio ; 22 NW. Ostersund. Lon. 13. 45.
E. Lat. 63. 22. N.
Alsenz, t. Bav., province of the Rhine ; 7 S.
Creutznach, 40 NW. Manheim. Lon. 7. 47. E.
Lat. 49. 43. N. Pop. 1,045.
Alsenz, r. Ger., which runs into the Nahe, 2
SW. Creutznach.
Alsfield, t. Hesse Cassel, in Upper-Hesse ;
18 E. Marburg, 50 NE. Frankfort on the Maine.
Lon. 9. 15. E. Lat. 50. 40. N. Pop. 3,006.
Alshash, pr. Grand Bukharia, on the Jihon,
^bout Lat. 43. N.
Alsheda, t. Sweden, in Smaland, with a gold
mine in its neighbourhood.
Alsheim, t. Ger., in Hesse-Darmstadt ; 10 N.
Worms. Pop. 1,027.
Alsin-Sund, or Alsen-Sound, narrow channel,
which separates the Island of Alsen from the
main land of Denmark.
Alsitz, r. which passes by Luxemburg, and
runs into the Sour, near Dicrich.
Alsleben, t. Pru., Saxony, in Magdeburg, on
the Saale ; 9 SSW. Bernburg. Lon. 11. 52. E.
Lat. 51. 40. N. Pop. 1,294.
Alsleben, t. Bav.; 4 E. Konigshofen in der
Grabfeld. Also-Kubin, t. Hungary, capital of the county
of Arva, on the Arva. Lon. 19. 18. E. Lat. 49.
14. N. Pop. 1,119.
Alstadt, or Alstadten, see Altenstadt'.
Alstadt, t. Prussia ; 14 S. Osterrode.
Altdstadt, or Alstett, t. Ger., in Weimar ; 28
NNE. Erfurt. Lon. 11. 30. E. Lat. 51. 41. N.
Pop. 1,750.
Alstead, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 8 NE. Wal-
pole, 14 N. Keene, 82 WNW. Portsmouth, W.
460. Pop. in 1810, 1,694; in 1820, 1,611. It is
a valuable agricultural town, and contains a
paper-mill, an oil-mill, and 3 houses of public
worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for

Alster, r. Pru., in Cologne ; 4 NW. Bonn.
Alster, r. Ger., which runs into the Elbe, near
Hamburg. Alstetten, see Altstelten.
Alston, t. Sweden, in Helsingland; 32 W.
Soderhamn. Alston, t. N. C, on Little river, not far from
the sea ; 20 W. Brunswick.
Alston Moor, see Aldstone.
Alswangen, t. Courland ; 10 W. Goldingen.
Alt, r. Eng., which rises in Lancashire, and
runs into the Irish sea, 7 W. Ormskirk.
Alt-Closter, t. Han., Bremen; 12 SE. Strade.
Alt, see Alaut.
Alt Ranstddt, see Ranstadt.
Alta, t. Sweden, in Helsinglad, on the fron
tiers of Gestricia.
Alla-Gracia, t. S. A. in Buenos- Ayres, and
province of Cordova ; 20 SSW. Cordbva.
Alla-Gracia, t. New Grenada, capital of Sat-
agoos, but small.
Altai-Maria, t. Mexico, on the Panuco.

Altair, mt. S. A. in Quito. It is a remarkable
summit, near Sangai.
Altamaha,,see Alatamaha.
Altamira, v. Spain, Galicia, on the Tamara;
15 W. St. Jago de Compostella.
Altamura, t. Naples, in Bari, at the foot of
the Appenines ; 6 NE. Gravina. Pop. 15,893
Altanum, now Pagliopoli.
Allara, t. Genoa; 5 N. Savona.
Altare, t. Piedmont ; 17 SSE. Gorzegno.
Altavella, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra; 7
S. Benevento.
Allavilla,t. Naples, in Principato Citra; 18
SE. Salerno. Pop. 2,399.
Allaura, t. Italy, in Paduan ; 4 S. Montag-
nano. Altai, or Altaian Mountains, (an. Annibi,) vast
chain of mountains, Asia, extending from Lon.
68. to 170. E., terminating at East Cape. They
stretch about 5,000 miles, assuming different
names, supposed to be connected with the Ura-
Iian chain, and form for a great distance the
southern boundary of Siberia. The component
parts are exceedingly various, consisting of gra
nite, porphyry, he., also limestone, marble, and
petrified shells ; they also abound in valuable
mines of gold, silver, copper, iron, &c, which
are wrought to a great extent. In the Kunetz-
koi range a remarkable mass of native iron
was. found, weighing 1,440 lbs. The silver
mines of Kolyvan, the richest of the kind. in
the Russian empire, employed, in 1786, about
54,000" workmen. The highest summits of the
Tcharinsh range are computed at 10,730 feet
above the sea.
Altchirch, see Altkirch.
Alldorf see Allorf.
Allea, s-p. Spain, in the Mediterranean, on?
SE. coast of Valencia ; 24 NE. Alieant, 50 S.
Valencia. Lon. 0. 12. W. Lat. 33. 36. N. Pop.
4,S0O. Alte-Fehr, t. Rugen ; 3 WSW. Bergen.
Alien, or Altenbotlen, gulf, Norway, Wardhus.
Altena, t. Flanders ; 1'4 NE. Dendermond.
Altena, or Altenau, t. Pru., Westphalia, in
Arensberg, capital of a circle, on the Lenne
and Nette ; 30 NE. Cologne. 33 E. Dusseldorf.
Lon. 8. 3. E. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop. 3,420.
Altena, see Altona.
Altenau, t. Hanover, in Gottingen, near the
source of the Ocker, in the Harz forest ; 8 S,
Goslar. Pop. 1,174.
Altenau, r. Ger., which rises near the Helm-
stadt, in Wolfenbuttel, and runs into the Ocker,
near the city of Wolfenbuttel.
Altenbecken, or Alten Beiken, t. Pru., Minden ;
3 E. Lippspring. Pop. 488.
Altenberg, t. Stiria ; 8 S. Voitsburg.
Altenberg, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 18 S.
Dresden. Pop. 1,380.
Altenberg, t. Stiria, on the Sann; 8 SSW.
Windish Gratz.
Allenburg, see Oldenburg.
Allenbernheim, t. Bavaria ; 8 SW. Markt Erl-
bach. Allenburg, or Ovar, t. Hungary, at the en
trance of the Leitha into the Danube ; 17 S.
Presburg, 40 SE. Vienna. Lon. 23. 15. E. Lat.
47.5. 6. N. Pop. 3,400.
Allenbwg, principality, Ger., in Upper Saxo-

ALT

46

ALT

hy, divided into two parts by the icounty of
Gera, and now partitioned between the houses
of Gotha and Coburg. Pop. of the part belong
ing to Gotha 99,000. Sq. m. 640. Chief towns,
Altenburg and Eisenberg. The soil is produc
tive, the stock of cattle good, and the inhabi
tants industrious. The Saalfeld portion, or the
part belonging to the prince of Coburg, con
tains only 25,000 inhabitants, and 154 sq. miles.
Chief town, Saalfeld.
Altenburg, (an. Plisne,) t. Ger., capital of a
principality to which it gives name, belonging
to Gotha, on the Pleisse ; 20 S. Leipsic, 52 W.
Dresden, 70 E. Gotha. Lon. 12. 22. E. Lat.
50. 59. N. Pop. 9,484. H. 1,264." The town-
house is a stately structure ; and among other
public buildings are a Magdalen, or a place of
education for children of decayed families; a
house of the Teutonic knights ; a gymnasium,
founded jin 1703, with a good museum and
library ; an orphan-house, and prison.
Altenburg, t. Baden ; 2 NW. Bruschal.
Altenburg, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine, in Coblentz;
2 NW. Wetzlar, 2 NE. Braunfels.
Altenburg, t. Tyrol ; 9 NE. Glurns.
Altenburg, t. Austria ; 2 SW. Horn.
Altenburg Teutsch, t. Austria, near Hainburg.
Altenburn, t. Prussia ; 2 NW. Liebmuhl.
Altendorn, t. Pru., Westphalia; 37 E. Co
logne. Lon. 8. 2. E. Lat. 51. 4. N.
Altenfelden, t. Bavaria ; 7 NE. Roth.
Allenheim, t. Baden ; 8 E. Wertheim.
Altenhofen, t. Carinthia, -with a citadel, on
the Gurck ; 4 NE. Veit.
Altenlioven, t. Austria, on the Danube ; 12 E.
Lintz. Altenkirchen, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine, in Cob
lentz ; 15 NNE. Coblentz. Lon. 7. 29. E. Lat.
50. 38. N. Pop. 694. On the 1st of June, 1796,
the French republican general Kleber surpris
ed the van of the Austrian army, under the
prince of Wurtemberg, near this town, and to
tally defeated it, with the loss of 2,400 killed,
and 3,000 taken prisoners. On the 9th of Sep
tember, in the same year, the French were de
feated after a severe engagement, near the
same place, by the Austrians, under General
Hotze, when the French general Marceau was
killed. Altenkirchen, t. Rugen ; 16 N. Bergen.
Altenmarckl, t. Stiria ; 14 NE. Rottenmann.
Altenmarkt, t. Austria ; 4 SW. Baden.
AUenmarkl, t. Austria ; 24 E. Sleyregg,
Altenmarkt, t. Salzburg ; 26 NW. Salzburg.
Altenrieft. Switz., in Friburg ; 6 S. Gruyeres.
Altensteig, t. Wurt., in Schwarzwald, on the
Nagold; 24 SW. Stuttgart, 32 E. Strasburg.
Lon. 8. 10. E. Lat. 48. 34. N. Pop. 1,400.
Altenstadt, t. Bavaria ; 7 E. Weiden.
Altenstadt, t. Tyrol ; 2 NW. Feldkirch.
Altenstadt, t. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 32 N. 01-
mutz. Lon. 16. 48. E. Lat. 50. 3. N.
Altenstadt, t. Wurtemberg; 13 N. Ulm, 25
E. Stuttgart. Pop. 500.
Altensteig, t. Austria; 55 NW. Vienna. Lon.
15. 13. E. Lat. 48. 42. N. Pop. 1,100.'
Allenstein, v. and citadel, Bavaria ; 8 NNE.
Ebern. Pop. 335.
Altentrop, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine ; 8 W. Gre-
venstein, 50 E. Dusseldorf.

Allenweid, t. Pru., in Coblentz ; 15 N. Cob
lentz, 26 SE. Cologne. Pop. 600.
Alter do Chaon, (an. Elter,) t. Portugal, in
Alentejo ; 12 W. Portalegre, 84 ENE. Lisbon.
Lon. 7. 26. W. Lat. 39. 8. N. This town was
built by the Romans.
Alter Pedrosa, (an. Abellerium,) t. Portugal,
in Alentejo ; 5 S. O Crato.
Altere, t. Flanders ; 12 W. Ghent.
Alterio, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 17 ENE.
Cosenza. Altermausen, t. Bavaria ; 18 SW. Bamberg.
Altessan, t. Piedmont ; 3 N. Turin.
Althaus, t. West Prussia ; 4 S. Culm.
Althee, t. France, Mayenne ; 12 SW. Laval,
Altheim, t. Bavaria ; 8 E. Branau.
Altheim, t. Bavaria ; 4 WSW. Neustadt.
Altier, t. France, in Lozere ; 15 E. Mende.
Aliilia, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 11 S.
Cosenza. Altin, mt. Siberia ; 140 SSE. Biisk. Lon. 87.
14. E. Lat. 50. 45. N.
Aliino, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 9 S.
Langiano. Altinoskoe, see Teletskoe.
Allinum, now Tolna.
Allishofen, t. Switz., in Lucerne ; 17 NW,
Lucerne. Altkeikut, t. Prussia ; 5 ENE. Ortelsburg.
Altkirch, t. France, and chief place of a dis
trict,' in Upper-Rhine, on an eminence, near
the 111 ; 15 W. Bale, 27 S. Colmar. Lon. 7. 10.
E. Lat. 47. 8. N. Pop. 2,400.
Altkirchen, see Altenkirchen.
Altmansdorf t. Bav. ; 4 E. Geroltzhofen.
Altmanstein, t. Bav. ; 12 NE. Ingoldstadt.
Allmarh, t. Prussia ; 9 SSE. Marienburg.
Altmuhl, r. Bav., which rises near Berg Bern-
heim, and runs into the Danube, at Kelheim.
Altmuhlmunsler, t. Bavaria ; 17 NNE. Ingold
stadt. -V
Allmunster, t. Bavaria ; 20 NW. Munich.
Altnau, t. Switz., in the Thurgau ; 5 SE. Con
stance. Alto Rhmiia, mt. Grisons, near Tossano.
Alto Monte, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 10
SW. Cassano.
Alton, t. Eng., in Hants, on the Wye, in the
road from London to Southampton ; 18 ENE.
Winchester, 47 WSW. London. Pop. 2,316.
It has some manufacturers of druggets, serges,
Sic, and a market on Saturday.
Alton, t. Stafford co. N. H. ; S. Lake Winni-
piseogee; 33 NW. Portsmouth. Pop. 1810,'
1,279 ; in 1820, 2,053.
Alton, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Missis
sippi, 3 miles above the mouth of the Missouri,
It was regularly laid out in 1817, with the ex
pectation, that on account of its advantageous
situation, it would become the commercial cap
ital of Illinois. Near it there is a coal mine.
Altona, or Altena, city and s-p. Ger., in Hol-
stein, belonging to Denmark, on the right bank
of Elbe, in a situation favourable for commerce ;i ;
2 W.Hamburg. Pop. 23,085. H. 2,227. Vari- I
ous manufactures are carried on, with a con-'
siderable commerce, and 3 docks for building
ships ; and it is the port for the Danish East-
India Company. The city contains an acade- i
my with 7 teachers, a library, a house of cor-

ALV

47

ALZ

section, and an orphan house. In 1713, it was
burned by the Swedes under Count Steinbock ;
but has since been rebuilt and surrounded with
walls. Altorf, v. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 9 WSW.
Strasburg. Pop. 724.
Altorff, or Aldorff, t. Switz., capital of Uri, on
the Reuss, where it empties itself into the lake
of the Four Cantons ; 20 SE. Lucerne, 33 S.
Zurich. Lon. 8. 27. E. Lat. 46. 50. N. Pop.
4,000. In this town the tyrant Gesler exposed
his hat to be saluted ; which, with other enor
mities, laid the foundation of the liberties of
Switzerland: In 1798, a large body of Swiss
were defeated here by the French.
Altorff, or Alldarff, t. Bav., circle of the Re-
zal ; 12 ESE. Nuremberg, 34 ENE. Anspach.
Lon. 11. 20. E. Lat. 49. 23. N. Pop. 1,800. H.
205. Here was a university, first founded as a
gymnasium in 1575; but since 1809 it has been
suppressed, and incorporated with that of Er-
langen. ¦Altorff, t. Switz., in Zurich ; 13 E. Zurich.
¦Altorff, or Altdorff, Wurt., circle of lake Con
stance ; 5 N. Ravenspurg. Pop. 2,340.
Altorff, t. Hungary, on the Zips ; ION. Leutch.
Altos, t. Paraguay ; 40 NE. Assumption,
Altringham, or Altrincham, t. Eng., in Ches
ter, on a canal, which runs from Manchester
to Runcorn, Warrington, &c. 7 SE. Manchester.
180 NW. London. Pop. 2,032.
Allstadt, t. Sax., in Meissen, near Stolpen.
Altstadt, t. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 7 SE'. Feis-
tritz. H. 127.
Altstadt, t. Moravia, in Olmutz, near the foot
of the Sohneeberg mountain. Pop. 1,173.
Altsted, t. Pru., in Munster ; 5 NW. Aahus.
Altstadten, or Altstellen, t. Switz., in St. Gall ;
3 E. Appenzel.
¦Altstadten, t. Switz., in Zurich ; 3 W. Zurieh.
Altsohl, royal free t. Hungary, in the county
of Sohl, on the Gran ; 8 SSW. Newsohl, 88
ENE. Presburg. Pop. 1,506. It is a mining
town, and has 2 chalybeate springs.
Altun-Kupri, t. A. Turkey, in Bagdad; on
the Little Zab, or AUun, which runs into the
Tigris ; 90 E. Mosul. Lon. 43. 20. E. Lat. 35.
45. N. Pop. 2,000. A large Turkish garrison is
always kept here.
Altun-Su. (an. Zabus,) r. Asia, which runs
into the Tigris, 10 miles above Tecrit, in Cur
distan. ¦Altun-Tash, t. Natolia; 20 NW. Kuitaja.
Allura, v. Spain, in Valencia, one mile from
Segorbe. Pop. 1,510.
Altwarp, t. Pru., Pomerania, on the Frisch
Haffe,; 7 E. Uckermunde.
Altwasser, t. Pru., Silesia, in Reichenbach^ 2
N. Waldenburg. Pop. 556.
Altzeaau,t. Hesse.; 5 SE. Hanau.
Altzey, or Alzey, t. Ger,, in Hesse Darmstadt,
on a brook which runs into the Saltz ; 23 NW.
Worms. Lon. 8. 5. E. Lat 49. 43. N. Pop.
3,193. Alum Creek, r. Ohio. It is the westerly
branch of the Big Walnut, which, after a course
of about 35 miles, it joins in SE. part of Frank
lin co.
Alundy, t. Hind., in Visrapour, 8 E. Poonah.
Alva,X. Portugal, Beira; 8NW. Lamego. H. 70.

Alva, t. Cochin ; 18 ESE. Cranganore.
Mva, v. Scot., in Stirlingshire ; 4 N. Alloa.
Alva de Alista, t. Spain, in Old-Castile, not
far from Zamora.
Alva de Tormes, t. Spain, in Leon, and prov
ince Of Salamanca, on the frontiers of Estra
madura ; 24 SSE. Salamanca. Pop. 2,400.
Alvallada, t. Portugal, in Alentejo; 16 N.
Ourique. Alvanna, t. Spain, Guipuscoa; 9 S. Vittoria.
Alvar, t. Hind., in Mewat; 20 NNE. Cot-
putly, 60 SSW. Delhi. Lon.' 77. 10. E. Lat. 27.
46. N.
Alvarado, t. Mexico, in Guaxaca, at the
mouth of a river of the same name ; 40 SSE.
Vera Cruz. Lon. 96. 36. W. Lat. 18. 40. N.
Alvarado, i. Mexico, which rises about 40
SW. Guaxaca, and runs into the Gulf of Mexi
co. Lon. 96. 54. W. Lat. 18. 40. N.
Alvayazer, t. Portugal, in Estramadura; 13
N. Thomar.
Aleechurch, t. England, in Worcestershire ; 5
NE. Bromsgrove. Pop. 1,344.
Alved, t. Sweden, in East-Gothland. Lon. 15.
44. E. Lat. 58. 13. N.
Alvelda, see Albayda.
Alverca, t. Portugal, Estramadura ; 11 NNE.
Lisbon. Pop. 1,200.
Alverd, t. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 60 SSW.
Fehrabad. Ak-erno, mt. Tuscany ; 10 N. Borgo San Se-
pulchro. Alverthrop, t. England, in the west riding of
Yorkshire, near Wakefield. Pop. 3,105.
Alverton, t. Eng., Staffordshire ; 4 E. Cheadle.
Pop. 800.
Alvidona, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 9 NE.
Cassano. Alvignano, t. Naples, in Lavora : 10 E. Ca
pua. Pop. 2,092.
Alviso, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 6 E. Sora, 60
NNW. Naples.
Alvito-, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 18 SSE.
Evora. Pop. 2,045.
Alvor, see Albor.
Alvoredo, isl in the Atlantic near the coast
of Paraguay. Lon. 49. 16. W. Lat. 27. 43. S.
Ahorninha, t., Portugal, in Estramadura ; 22
SSW. Leyria.
Alwara, t. Hind., in Gohud ; 12 W. Gwalior.
Alweil, lake, Switz., in the canton of Berne ;
7 miles long, and H wide, 7 SE. Arau.
Alwen, r. N. Wales, which runs into the Dee,
7 NNE. Bala.
Alwinden, t. Switz., in St. Gall ; 3 N. Utznach.
Alyghur, t. Hind., in Delhi ; 62 SSE. Delhi.
This is a place of great antiquity, and a strong
fortress. Alymohau, or Alyncohau, t. Hind., Guzerat ;
32 ESE. Champaneer, 100 NE. Surat.
Alyth, t. Scot., in Perthshire ; 5 NE. Brail-
Gowrie. Pop. 2,536.
Alza, r. Bav., which runs into the Inn, 6 E.
New-Oetting, Alsato, t. Italy ; 4 S. Como.
Alzbach, t. Autria ; 4 W. Schwannastatt. -
Alzey, see Altzey.
Alzira, see Algezira.
Alzira, t, Spain, in Valencia, on an island of
the Xucar ; 20 S. Valencia.

AMA

48

AMA

Alson, t. France, in Gard ; 15 NNE. Lodeve.
Alzon, r. France, which runs into the Gard,
about 3 miles below Uzes.
Alzonne, t. France, in Aude ; 8 W. Carcas
sonne, 10 E. Castelnaudary. Pop. 1,510.
Am, t. Persia, Mazanderan ; 25 S. Fehrabad.
Ama, see Hamma.
Amaba, t. Japan ; 100 ENE. Meaco.
Amachetrum, t. Hind., in Marawar ; 30 SW.
Tanjore. Amack, isl. Denmark, divided from Zealand
by a narrow channel, over which are 2 bridges,
which form a communication with the city of
Copenhagen. It contains several villages. Fop.
3,000. Amacusia, isl. and principality, Japan, with a
town of the same name, near the coast of Ximo.
Lon. 129. 15. E. Lat. 31. 35. N.
Amada, t. Japan ; 63 N. Meaco.
Amada, t. Nubia, on the Nile ; 1 hour's jour
ney below Dehr.
Amadan, see Hamadan.
Amadabaz, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 23 SW.
Amednagur. Amadia, t. and fortress, Curdistan, in Shere-
zur, built on a lofty mountain ; 50 SSW. Betlis,
160 NW. Sherezur. Lon. 41. 32. E. Lat. 37.
20. N. It is large, populous, and commercial ;
with a bazar in the centre, inhabited by rich
merchants. It is governed by a bey or prince,
who is independent, and can raise about 900
Jiorse. Amager, see Amack.
Jlmaguano, t. S. A. in Quito ; 10 S. Quito.
¦Amagur, t. Hind., Berar ; 35 NE. Nagpour.
Amaillou, t. France, in Two-Sevres ; 9 SE.
Bressuire. Amal, s-p. Sweden, in Thailand, on the
Wenner lake, with a good harbour. Lat. 59. N.
Pop. 1,093.
Amalaeva, r. Siberia, which runs into the
Frozen Ocean, Lon. 128. 14. E. Lat. 71. 10. N.
Amalagan, or Island of Conception, one of the
Mariana islands, about 18 miles in circumfer
ence. Lon. 145. 38. E. Lat. 18. N.
Amalfi, or Amalphi, s-p. Naples, in the Prin
cipato Citra, on W. coast of the Gulf of Salerno ;
10 SW. Salerno, 35 S. Benevento. Lon. 14.22.
E. Lat. 40. 35. N. Pop. 2,752. Abp. see. In
the eleventh century, this place, celebrated for
its trade and riches, with a population of 50,000
citizens, was oppressed by the Normans, and
sacked by the Pisans ; since which time it has
never recovered, but gradually declined. It
contains a cathedral and an arsenal. — The
pandects of Justinian were discovered here in
1137. Amama, t. Algiers ; 60 SSE. Constantina.
Aman, s-p. Morocco, on the Atlantic, between
Cape Ger and Cape Cantin.
Aman, country in Sumatra, about the centre
of the island.
Amanabad, t. Hind., Delhi ; 8 SE. Tannasar.
Amanbay, r. Paraguay, which runs into the
Parana. Amanbay, chain of mountains, S. A. between
the rivers Paraguay and Parana.
Amance, t. France, in Upper-SaOne ; 12 W.
Luxeil, 16 E. Jussey.
Amance, t. France, in Meurte; 5 NE. Nancy,
3 S. Chateau Salins. Pop. 862.

Amaneot, t. Hind., in Cahlore ; 12 E. Ballaus*
pour. Amancouh, or Amankoh, or Echkilge, strong
town, Persia, in Chorasan ; 10 S. Herat.
Amanda, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 1,221.
Amangasacki, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 35 SW.
Meaco. Amanguchi, t. Japan, capital of Nangaro, and
one of the richest towns of the empire ; 215
SW. Meaco. Lon. 120. 34. E. Lat. 34. N.
Amanibo, r. Surinam, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lat. 5. 57. N.
Amantea, s-p. Naples, on W. coast of Calabria
Citra ; 12 SW. Cosenza. Lon. 16. 17. E. Lat.
39. 15. N. Pop. 2,699.
Amantlan, t. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 105
WNW. Mechoachan.
Amanu, t. Mocaumpour; 10 S. Mocaumpour.
Amanutkaun, t. Hind., Lahore ; 15 S. Lahore. :
Amanzirifden, t. Arabia ; 440 E. Mecca, 584
NE. Mocha. Lon. 67. 30. E. Lat. 20. 25. N.
Amaonos, t. S. A. Quito ; 20 NE. St. Joachim
de Omaguas.
Amapalla, t. Guatimala, in Nicaragua, on an
island on N. side of the entrance into the gulf
Amapalla, or Fonseca. Lon. 87. 30. W. Lat.
13. 20. N.
Amapalla, large bay or gulf, on W. coast of
America, between the provinces Guatimala and
Nicaragua, communicating with the Pacific
Ocean by a large opening or mouth ; 100 NW.
Leon. Lon. 88. 56. W. Lat. 13. 30. N. It is J
nearly 60 miles in length, and from 9 to 30 in
breadth. It is called the Gulf of Amapalla,
and the Gulf of Fonseca. ;
Amapet, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 10 SW.
Trichinopoly. Amara, t. Arabian Irak ; 110 NW. Bassorah.
Amaranle, t. Portugal, Entre-Duero-e-Minho,
on the Tamaga ; 23 SE. Braga, 30 ENE. Oporto. i
Lon. 7. 41. W. Lat. 41. 19. N. Pop. 4,000.
Amaraioor, t. Hind., in Mysore ; "12 ENE.
Nagamungalum. Amaraud, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 70 S. Patna.
AmaraulpoUr, t. Oude ; 40 S. Budayoon.
Amarchetta, t. Golconda ; 18 N. Rachore.
Amardus, now Kezil.
Amargoso, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 5. S.
Amargura, see Gardner's Island.
Amaro Luiz, mine town, Brazil, in Goyas ;
80 NNE. Villa Boa.
Amarumaye, i. S. America, which rises in the
Cordeliers Mountain, and after a course of
1,200 miles, joins the Amazon, Lat. 5. S.
Amasa, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 8 ESE Jedo. ,
Amasatrum, t. Hind., in Marawar, on the
coast ; 10 N. Tondy.
Amasia, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia; 200 E.
Constantinople. Lon. 36. 12. E. Lat. 40.40. N.
Pop. stated by Hassel at 25,000; Cannabich, ¦,!
50,000 ; others at 60, or 70,000. It is situated
on the river Jekil-ermak, which runs into the
Black Sea, surrounded by lofty and rugged
mountains. It is a large and populous town ;
the houses are mostly of wood, but some are of
stone ; the streets narrow and dirty It is the
seat of a Greek abp. The greater part of the
inhabitants are Christians ; there is only one
H mosque. In the environs they cultivate the

AMA

49

AMB

vines, of the fruit of which wine is made much
resembling sherry. — Amasia was the ancient
capital of Pontus, and the birth-place of Strabo,
the geographer.
Amasreh, or Ameslros, or Amastra, (an. Sesa-
mus, and Amaslris,) t. A.Turkey, in Natolia, on
a point of land projecting into the Black Sea ;
100 W. Sinob, 150 ENE. Constantinople. Lon.
32. 24. E. Lat. 41. 46. N. It is surrounded by
walls, but reduced.
Amassia, t. on SE. coast of Timor. Lon. 125.
27. E. Lat. 9. 18. S.
Amathus, now Limesol.
Amaliqua, gulf in the bay of Honduras, be
tween Cape Three Points and Dolce Gulf.
Lon. 89. W. Lat. 15. 24. N.
Amatitlan, t. Guatimala ; 10 SE. Guatimala.
Lon. 92. 26. W. Lat. 14. 20. N.
Amato, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on a river
of the same name ; 7 SE. Nicastro.
Amato, r. Naples, which discharges itself into
the sea, 3 S. St. Eufemia.
Amatrice, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 12 N.
Aquila. Lon. 13. 20. E. Lat. 42. 34. N. Pop.
3,547. Amatla do Brazil, t. Brazil, in Pernambuco.
Amatta-foa, or Toofooa-Ama, or Kama, isl. in
S. Pacific Ocean ; about 15 miles in circ. and
33 from Anamooka. See Toofooa.
Amaxichi, see St. Maura.
Amaya, t. Spain, Leon ; 28 NNW. Burgos.
Amaya, t. Mexico, Culiacan ; 65 E. Culiacan.
Amazons, Amazon, Maranon, or Orellana, r.
S. America, the largest in the world. Its head
branches are the Tunguragua and Ucayale, both
rising in Peru, the former from lake Lauricocha
in Lat. 10. 29. S., the latter formed by the
Apurimac and Beni, the head waters of which
are between Lat. 16. and 18. S. The general
course of the river is N. of E. and, including its
windings, is upwards of 4,000 miles in length.
It flows into the Atlantic under the equator ;
the width of the mouth is stated at 150, by some
at ISO miles. Boat navigation commences at
Jaen de Bracomoros, in Quito ; and it is said, that
vessels of 400 or 500 tons may navigate from
the mouth throughout almost the whole extent.
The depth is stated at from 30 to 40 fathoms
1,500 miles from the ocean, and the tide is
perceptible 600 miles. Its descent in a straight
course of 1 ,860 miles was found by Condamine to
be l,020feet; about 6^inches in a mile ; but the
place where the tide is first perceived is only
90 feet' above the sea. Its current is veiy rapid
and violent.
It drains an extent of country about 1,600 or
1,700 miles from N. to S., receiving the waters
of about 200 rivers, some of them as large as
the Danube. From the north it receives the
Santiago, Morona, Pastaza, Tigre, Napo, Negro,
Putumayo, Yupura, Yaguapiri, Curupatuba,
Yari, &c. ; from the S., the Guallaga, Ucayale,
Cuchivara, Yahuari, Cayari, Madeira, Topayos,
Xingu, Guanapu, Muju, &c.
The banks are clothed with immense and
impenetrable woods, which afford a haunt to
tigers, bears, leopards, wild boars, and a great
variety of venomous serpents ; also abounding
in birds of the most beautiful plumage, and
apes of the most fantastic appearance. The
' Vol. I. 7

waters swarm with alligators, turtles, and a
great variety of fish. The vegetable produc
tions that grow wild are cacao, cinnamon,
vanilla, pines, 8z.c. The country is adapted to
coffee, sugar canes, rice, maize, plantains, lem
ons, limes, and oranges. Here are also precious
woods, as cedar, red wood, holly wood, pine,
he. In the rainy season the river overflows its
banks, and waters arid fertilizes the adjacent
countiy. Amazonia, country, S. America, bounded N.
by New Grenada and Guiana, E. by the Atlantic
and Brazil, S. by Buenos Ayres, and W. by
Peru ; 450 leagues in length, and 320 in breadth ;¦
inhabited by Indian nations. It is claimed by
the Portuguese, as a part of Brazil
Amba, t. Hind., in Gohud ; 24 NW. Gohud.
Amba, t. Berar ; 25 ENE. Aurungabad.
Amba Bishoi, t. Egypt; 2 S. Enseneh.
Amba Dorha, t. Abyssinia 65 SE. Gondar.
Amba Keshem, t. Abyssinia; 140 SE. Gondar.
Amba Legot, t. Abyssinia ; 90 SE. Gondar.
Amba Salem, t. Abyssinia ; 35 SSE. Sire.
Amba Sanat, t. Abyssinia ; 60 SE. Sire.
Amba Set, t. Abyssinia ; 140 SE. Gondar.
Ambacko, t. on E. coast of Celebes, in Tolo
bay. Lon. 121. 51. E. Lat. 2. 20. S.
Ambagaum, t. Guzerat; IS S. Durrampour.
Ambah Ghaut, a pass from the province of
Coman, on W. coast of India, up the western
Ghauts to the interior. Lon. 73. 40. E. Lat.
17. 5. N. The mountains rise here to a great
height. Ambaldah, t. Hind., in Delhi ; 110 N. by W.
Delhi. It is a v.a'ied town, extensive and
populous, having a large citadel. The houses
are mostly built of burnt bricks, but the streets
are so narrow, as scarcely to allow room for
an elephant to pass.
Ambqjeedurgam, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 15 E,
Chinna Balabarum.
Ambala, t. Cochin ; 20 NE. Cranganore.
Ambar, t. Karasm ; 30 S. Urkonje.
Ambarez, t. France, in Gironde ; 5 NE.
Bourdeaux. Fop. 2,178.
Ambarpet, t. Golconda ; 7 E. Hydrabad.
Ambarry, t. Malwa ; 15 NE. Bopaltol.
Ambawee, t. Guzerat ; 15 NE- Chitpour.
Ambazec, t. France, in Upper- Vienne ; 10
NE. Limoges. Pop. 2,226.
Ambeer, t. Hind., in Agra ; 4 N. Jyepour.
Ambeezes, see Ambozcs.
Ambelachia, Ampelachia, or Amphilochia, t.
Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, on S. side of the
Peneus ; 15 NE. Larissa. Pop. stated from 4
to 6,000. It is situated near the foot of Mount
Ossa, on the borders of the celebrated vale of
Tempe. It is inhabited by Greeks and Germans,
and distinguished for its industry, and for its
manufacture of cotton thread and its dye houses,
which are 24 in number. Its red twist is pre
ferred to all others, on account of its durability
and beauty. About 7,500 cwt. of thread are
sent annually to Leipsic and other parts of
Germany. Ambeli, t. Hind., in Canara; 30 ESE. Manga-
lore. Ambenay, t. France, in Eure, on the Rille ;
6 leagues SW. Evreux. H. 2, or 300.
Amber, see Ammer.

AMB

50

AMB

Amber, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 5 miles from
Otis, W. 393.
Amber Bay, or Baya del Espiritu Santo, bay
on the coast of Honduras. Lon. 88. 50. W. Lat.
19. 42. N.
Amberg, t. Bav., capital of the circle of the
Regen, formerly the capital of what was called
the Upper Palatinate, on the Vils, at the bottom
of a hill, defended with ditches, ramparts, and
bastions; 32 N. Ratisbon, 92 N. Munich. Lon.
11. 50. E. Lat. 49. 25. N. Pop. 7,340. It con
tains an academy, a lyceum, a cathedral, a
handsome collegiate church, and a convent. In
a mountain near the town is an iron mine. — A
.severe battle was fought here in 1796 between
the Austrians and the French, in which, though
the latter kept the field, they may be said to
have been defeated.
Ambergrease-Key, small isl. in the bay of Hon
duras, near the coast of Yucatan. Lon. 88.48.
W. Lat. 18. 50. N.
Amberieu, t. France, in Ain ; 4 W. St. Ram-
bert, 24 NE. Lyons. Lon." 5. 26. E. Lat. 45.
15. N. Pop. 2,850.
Ambert, t. France, and chief place of a dis
trict, in Puy-de-Dome, on the Dore ; 20 E. Is-
soire, 30 SE. Clermont. Lon. 3. 48. E. Lat.
45. 33. N. Pop. 5,926.
Ambez, t. France, in Gironde, near the con
fluence of the Garonne and Dordogne ; 8 N.
Bourdeaux. H. 160.
Ambianum, now Amiens.
Ambiatinus, now Conigstuhl.
Ambierle, t. France,in Loire ; 8 NW. Roanne.
Pop. 2,000.
Arnbil, one of the smaller Philippine Islands,
with a volcano, near the island of Luban.
Amblauw, or Ambloo, or Belaw, one of the
Molucca Islands, about 12 miles in circ. ; 6 S.
Bourro. It is but thinly inhabited.
Amblecote, v. Eng. in Staffordshire ; 7 S. Wol
verhampton. Pop. 429.
Ambleside, (an. Dictum, and Amboglana.) t.
Eng. in Westmoreland, near lake Winander-
Meer ; 13 N. Kendal, 271 N. London. Lon. 3.
3. W. Lat. 54. 27. N. Pop. 624. It has a mar
ket on Wednesday.
Ambleteuse, s-p. France, in the English chan
nel, in Straits-of-Calais ; 4 S. Boulogne. Lon.
1. 40. E. Lat. 50. 48. N. Pop. 890.
Ambleve, r. Luxemburg, which passes by Sta-
blo, Malmedy, &c. and runs into the Ourte, 10
N. Durbuy.
Amboisa, t. Madagascar, Antongil bay. Lon.
50. 5. E. Lat. 15. 30. S.
Amboise, (an. Ambacia,) t. France, and prin
cipal place of a district, in Indre-and-Loire ;
12 E. Tours, 18 SW. Blois. Lon. 0. 34. E. Lat.
47. 21. N. Pop. 5,113.
Amboilac, t. Madagascar, in Antongil bay.
Lon. 50. 10. E. Lat. 15. 12. S.
Ambon;t. France, Morbihan ; 9 SE. Vannes.
Ambong, a large and commodious harbour on
NW. coast of Borneo. Lon. 116. 25. E. Lat. 6.
14. N.
Ambooah, t. Bengal ; 28 E. Burdwan. Lon.
88. 28. E. Lat. 23. 13. N.
Ambooah, t. Bengal ; 10 SSW. Calcutta. Lon.
88. 21. E. Lat. 22. 25. N.
Amboong, t. on NW. coast Borneo. Lon. 116.
24. E. Lat. 6. 16. N.

Amboor, t. Hind., in Baramaul, at the foot of
the Eastern Gauts, where there is a pass to
Muglee ; 30 W. Arcot. Lon. 78. 64. E. Lat.
12 47 N. The village of Amboor is regularly
built. The inhabitants make and export con
siderable quantities of castor oil.
Ambsrpour, t. Bengal ; 21 SSE. Kishenagur.
Amboten, Courland ; 24 S. Goldingen.
Amboton, one of the small Philippine Islands,
near S. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 121. 8. E.
Lat. 12. 15. N.
Amboul, or Emboul, t. Africa, and cap. Cayor;
75 from Cape de Verde. Lon. 16. 10. W. Lat.
15. 15. N.
Amboide,.t. on SE. coast of Madagascar. Lon.
46. 45. E. Lat. 25. 28. S. Here is a hot spring,
the water of which will boil an egg hard in 2
hours, and is reckoned a specific for the gout.
Ambourney, t. France, in Ain; 27 NE. Ly
ons, 4 NW. St.Rambert. r Lon. 5. 26. E. Lat.
46. 1. N.
Amboy, or Perth Amboy, city, and s-p. Mid
dlesex co. N. J., at the head of Raritan Bay, on
a point of land formed by the union of the river
Raritan with Arthur Kull Sound ; 35 SW. New
York, 74 NE. Philadelphia, W. 215. Lon. 74.
36. W. Lat. 40. 30. N. Pop. 798. It contains
an academy, and 2 houses of public worship,
1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Episcopalians ;
and has one Of the safest and best harbours in
the United States. The shipping belonging to
this port, in 1820, amounted to 9,297 tons.
Amboy, (South,) t. Middlesex co. N. J., on S.
side of Raritan bay and river; S. Amboy. Pop.
3,406. Amboyna, isl. in the Eastern seas, belonging
to the Dutch. It is the chief of the Molucca,
or Spice islands, all the rest being dependent on
its jurisdiction ; 128 leagues E. Batavia. Pop;
in 1796, 45,252. It is from 50 to 60 miles long, :
narrow, and deeply penetrated by 2 bays,
which divide it almost asunder into 2 peninsu
las, called Leytimorand Hitoe. It is mountain
ous, the climate hot, but salubrious, subject to
great periodical rains, with thunder and hurri
canes. Its vegetable products are of great
variety and value, but the cultivation of the
clove tree is chiefly attended to. The tree
grows to the height of 40 or 50 feet. The
cloves are collected twice a year, and the aver
age quantity produced in the island exceeds
650,000 lbs.
The Amboynese are indolent, effeminate,
and licentious, of slender size, with regular
features, and almost black. The Mahometan
religion was introduced here about 1515; and
and the Roman Catholic by the Portuguese in
about 1546. There are a number of Protestant
schools and Protestant clergy kept up in differ
ent districts ; and missionaries are supported
here by the London and Baptist missionary so
cieties. Amboyna, capital of the island .of Amboyna,
on the peninsula of Leytimor. Lon. 128. 15.
E. Lat. 3. 40. S. Pop. about 6,000. It is a
neat town, regularly built; the streets wide,
unpaved, crossing each other at right angles ;
the houses of one story, covered with palm
leaves, furnished with frames of matted, instead
of glass windows. The south part is inhabited
by Europeans, the west by Chinese. It is much

AME

51

AME

subject to earthquakes. The medium tempera
ture is from 80 to 82 deg. ; lowest 72 deg.
Ambozes, three round islands in the Atlantic,
near the coast of Africa, which give name to a
country on the continent of Loango. At a
distance they appear like rocks, yet are popu
lous and fertile, and the surrounding sea yields
plenty of fish. The inhabitants form a kind of
democracy, and chiefly live by incursions on
their neighbours. That part of the continent
called Ambozes, is a mountainous tract between
the rivers Real and Camerones ; the soil is fer
tile, and yields most of the productions of
Guinea, except the palm, which however flour
ishes in the islands. Lat. 4. 15. N.
Ambracia, city, Epirus, near where Aria now
stands. It was the royal residence of Pyrrhus.
Ambracia, see Caparra.
Ambras, or Omras, t. Tyrol ; 4 E. Innspruck.
Ambravetty,r. Hind., which rises 8 SE. Coim-
betore, and runs into Cauveiy, 8 ENE. Caroor.
Ambresbury, see Amesbury.
Ambracius Sinus, now Gulf of Aria.
Ambrieres, t. France, in Mayenne ; 6 N. May-
enne, 4 WSW. Lassay. Lon. 0. 33. W. Lat.
48. 24. N. Pop. 2,961.
Ambris, or Ambrisi, r. Africa, which rises in
Congo, and runs into the Atlantic, S. of the
Zaire, Lat. 7. 40. S.
Ambrosis, cluster of small islands in the
Spanish main, near the coast of Darien. Lon.
77. 50. Lat. 8. 58. N.
Ambrun, see Embrun.
Ambrym, one of the New Hebrides islands,
in S. Pacific Ocean, about 50 miles in circ.
Lon. 168. 12. E. Lat. 16. 10. S.
Ambs, see Abents.
Amchitche, one of the Fox islands in N. Pa
cific Ocean. Lon. 178. 14. E. Lat. 53. 22. N.
Ameapah, t. Carnatic ; 22 E. Tanjore.
Ameca, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 40 SW.
Guadalaxara. Amed, or Amida, see Diarbekir.
Amedabad, fan. Baleocuri-regia,) city, Hind.,
and capital of the Mahratta country of Guze
rat, on the river Mehindry, which is navigable
to the gulf of Cambay ; 108 N. Surat, 200 SW.
Agimere. Lon. 72. 40. E. Lat. 23. N. It was
anciently a magnificent city, and celebrated for
its vast commerce in silk, velvets, tapestries,
and several other productions of Iricfia, and
contained 1,000 mosques. The mosque and
tomb of- the founder are built of stone and
marble, the last of exquisite workmanship. The
walls of the city are yet remaining, they are 6
miles in circ, and contain 12 gates. At this
time not a quarter of the space within the walls
is inhabited, and nothing but the vestiges of the
suburbs is to be seen. But it still remains one
of the best fortified towns in the province.
Amednagur, countiy or subah, Hind., bound
ed N. by Candeish and Malwa, W. by the Gat-
te or Ballagat mountains, S. by Bejapore and
Tellingana, and E. by Berar.
Amednagur, city, Hind., and capital of a su
bah of the same name, at the foot of the Bala-
gat mountains ; 105 NNW. Visiapour, 63 NE.
Poonah. Lon. 74. 52. E. Lat. 17. 6. N.
Ameenabad, or Aminabad, t. Hind., in La
hore ; 30 N. Lahore. Lon, 73. 40. E. Lat. 32.
10. N.

Amedpour, t. Hind. Orissa; 34 S. Cattack. ¦
Ameira, t. Portugal, in Estramadura; 15 N.
Thorn ar.
Am-Els, t. Aust. in Carinthia, on the Drave ;
5 WSW. Lavamund.
Amelandt, isl. in the German Ocean, about 6
N. from the main land of Fricsland, 12 miles
long, and 3 wide. Lon. 6. 12. E. Lat. 53. 30. N.
Amelburen, t. Pru. Munster; 6 S. Munster.
Amelia, t. Popedom, in Spoleto, on a moun
tain between the Nera and the Tiber ; 14 S.
Todi, 18 SSW. Spoleto. Lon. 12. 19. E. Lat.
42, 35. N. Bp. see. Pop. 3,700.
Amelia, isl. in the Atlantic, E. of East Flori
da. Lon. 81. 56. W. Lat. 30. 28. N. It is near
the coast, and the north end is nearly opposite
St. Mary's in Georgia. It is 13 miles long, and
2 broad, is very fertile, and has an excellent
harbour, called Fernandina.
Amelia, co. Va. SW. Richmond ; bounded N.
by the Appomatox, SE. by Dinwiddie co., S.
by Nottoway co.,-and W. by Prince Edward
co. Pop. in 1810, 10,594 ; slaves, 7,186. Pop.
in 1820, 11,104. W. 185.
Amendolaia, t. Naples, in Calabria-Ultra ; 2
W. Bova.
Amendolara, t. Naples, in Calabria-Citra ; 14
¦NE. Cassano.
Ameneburg, t. Upper-Hesse ; 5 ESE. Mar-
purg,4 NNE. Mentz. Pop. 1,007.
Amenia, p-t. Dutchess co., N. York ; 24 N.
Poughkeepsie, W. 223. Pop. in 1810, 3,073 ;
in 1820, 3,114. It is a good agricultural town,
and contains 4 Presbyterian churches. Here is
a quarry of good marble.
Ameny, one of the Laccadive islands in In
dian Sea. Lon. 72, 30. E. Lat. 11. 37. N.
Amer, r. Wurt., which runs into the Neckar ;
2 E. Tubingen.
Amer, t. Spain, Catalonia ; 10 W. Gerona.
Amerga, r. Siberia, which runs into the Al
dan. Lon. 135. 14. E. Lat. 62. 10. N.
Ameria, t. Natolia ; 72 E. Kiutaja.
AMERICA, one of the four grand divisions
of the earth, usually accounted the largest of
the whole, though some make it inferior in ex
tent to Asia. It is upwards of 9,000 miles in
length, and from 1,500 to 1,800 in average
breadth. It lies between Lat. 80. N. and 56. S.
Sq. m. according to Templemann, 14,323,000 ;
Graberg, 15,743,000 ; Hassel, about 16,000,000.
Discovery. America was unknown to the
civilized world till near the end of the 15th
century, and from this circumstance it is often
called the New World. It was discovered in
1492, by Christopher Columbus, a native of
Genoa, who sailed under the patronage of Fer
dinand and Isabella, sovereigns of Castile and
Aragon in Spain. The first land that was seen
was one of the Bahama islands. The conti
nent took its name from Americus Vesputius,a
native of Florence, who made discoveries 5 or
6 years after the first discovery by Columbus.
Features. Nature in this continent assumes
an aspect of peculiar magnificence; for wheth
er we consider its mountains, its rivers, its
lakes, its forests, or its plains, America appears
to be distinguished in all these leading features,
by a grandeur not to be found in the other parts
of the globe.

AME

52

AME

Climate. This continent has- every variety
of climate ; but the climate generally differs
from that of the other by a greater predomi
nance of cold. It is calculated that the heat is
at least 10 degrees less, than in the same paral
lels in the eastern continent.
Productions. America abounds in almost all
the varieties of the animal, vegetable, and
mineral productions.
Animals. This continent contains a great
variety of wild animals ; and since its discove
ry the various domestic animals of Europe
have been introduced, and are now found in
great abundance. In comparing animals of the
same species, in the two continents, it has been
found, in a majority of instances, where a dif
ference in size has been ascertained, that the
American animal is larger than that of the
eastern continent.
Birds. The birds are exceedingly numerous,
and are said to be more beautiful in their plu
mage than those of Asia and Africa, but in
their notes less melodious. The condor, which
frequents the Andes of S. America, holds, on
account of its size, strength, and rapacity, the
preeminence over all the feathered creation. —
Reptiles are numerous and many of them ven
omous. — Insects abound, and in many parts
are very offensive. — The American waters are
remarkable for the variety and abundance of
their fish.
Vegetables. America produces every kind of
grain, fruit, pulse, herbs, plants, and flowers,
native to Europe ; besides a great variety of
others, as cacoa, cinnamon, pepper, sarsaparil-
la, vanilla, scarlet dye, a great variety of bal
sams, mahogany, logwood, Brazil wood, sassa
fras, allocs, barks, gums, resins, and medicinal
herbs. Minerals. This continent, particularly South
America and'Mexico, abound in gold and silver,
and such ample supplies have been carried to
European markets, that the value of these
metals was greatly diminished after the discove
ry of the American mines. America also pro
duces an abundance of copper, quicksilver,
iron, antimony, sulphur, nitre, lead, loadstone,
and marbles of every sort. It has various
kinds of precious stones, as diamonds, rubies,
emeralds, amethysts, alabaster, Sic.
Inhabitants. The inhabitants may be divid
ed into three classes, Whites, Negroes, and In
dians. The whites are descendants of Europeans,
who have migrated to America since its dis
covery. They constitute more than one half
of the population.
The negroes are mostly held in slavery, and
are descendants of Africans, who were cruelly
forced from their native country.
The Indians are the aborigines, and are
mostly savages. They are of copper complex
ion, fierce aspect, tall, straight, athletic, and
capable of enduring great fatigue. They are
hospitable and generous, faithful in their friend
ships, but implacable in their resentments.
Their common occupations are hunting, fish
ing, and war.
They are generally of roving habits, and live
in a very scattered manner, in small tribes, of

usually from 500 to 5,000 souls. Their num
bers are gradually diminishing.
At the time of the discovery of America,
the natives in some parts, particularly Mexico
and Peru, were considerably advanced in civi
lization. For the most part they continues
distinct people, and retain their savage cus
toms, but in some instances they have min
gled with the white population. The, Indians
still occupy the greater part of America. In
North America they possess almost all the coun
try, except the southern and eastern parts ; that
is, the northern part of Spanish America, most
of the territory of the United States which lies
west of the Mi/sissppi, and nearly all the vast
regions which lie north of United States' ter
ritory, and west of the St. Lawrence. In S.
America they possess Patagonia and most of
the interior of the continent.
Population. The population is not accurate
ly known ; the amount is uncertain, and va
riously estimated. No data exist from which
the number of Indians can be computed; and
the population of most of the countries settled
by Europeans is very imperfectly ascertained.
The whole amount may probably be between
30 and 36 millions. Volney and Pinkerton esti
mate it at 20,000,000 ; Hassel at upwards of
21,000,000; Graberg, at 24,000,000; Malte-
Brun at 40,000,000 ; and Le Sage at 50,000,000.
America is divided into two parts, North and
South America.
North America includes Greenland, belong
ing to Denmark ; New Britain, Upper and
Lower Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova
Scotia, belonging to Great Britain ; and the
United States. The Russians have some set
tlements on the northwest coast of the conti
nent. The West Inpia islands lie between
North and South America, and are not consid
ered as belonging properly to either.
Population. The following table exhibits
the population of the principal divisions ac
cording to the latest authorities. The number
of Indians in N. A. is unknown.
United States  9,638,000
Indians within U. S. territory, about  400,000
British possessions  ,  630,000
Mexico  '.  7,500,000
Guatimala  ...1,200,000
West Indies  .2,400,000

21,768,000

Cities. Some of the principal cities are New
York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, New
Orleans, Mexico, Puebla, Guanaxuato, Quebec.
and Montreal.
Mountains. The principal ranges are the
Alleghany mountains, the Rocky mountains, and
the Cordilleras of Mexico. \
Rivers. The principal are the St. Lawrence,
Mississippi, Missouri, Del Norte, M'Kenzie's,
Nelson's, Columbia, Colorado, Arkansas, Red
River, Platte, Kansas, Yellowstone, and Ohio>
Lakes. The largest are Superior, Huron,
Michigan, Erie Ontario, Winnipeg, Slave Lake,
Champlain, Athapescow, Lake of the Woods,
and Nicaragua. .

AME

53

AMH

. Islands. The principal islands belonging to
North America are Newfoundland, Cape Breton,
St. John's, Rhode Island, Long Island, and the
Bermudas, on the eastern coast; Queen Char
lotte's Islands, Quadra and Vancouver's Island,
King George III. Islands, and the Fox Islands,
on the western coast.
Bays' and Gulfs. The most considerable of
these are Baffin's, Hudson's, James', St. Law
rence, Delaware, Chesapeak, Mexico, Cam-
peachy, and Honduras.
South America includes New Grenada, Ven
ezuela or Caraccas, Peru, Chili, and Buenos
Ayres or La Plata, claimed by Spain ; Brazil
and Amazonia, belonging to Portugal ; Guiana,
belonging to Great Britain, France, and the
Netherlands ; and Patagonia, which is in pos
session of the Aborigines. The countries
claimed by Spain have for a number of years
past been in a revolutionary state, and in all of
them independent governments have been
proclaimed, and maintained with various suc
cess. Population. The population of the several
countries is not well ascertained, and is various
ly estimated. The following statement is from
some of the latest authorities. Pop. Capitals.
N. Grenada  2,000,000..Santa Fe de Bogota.
Venezuela  750,000  Caraccas.
Guiana  250,000  Paiamaribo.
Peru  1,500,000  Lima.
Brazil  2,500,000  Rio Janeiro.
Chili  1,000,000  St. Jago.
Buenos Ayres  2,000,000  Buenos Ayres.
'l0,000,000
Religion. The religion of all South America,
with the exception of the Indian nations and
that part of Guiana, which belongs to the British
and Dutch, is Roman Catholic.
Mountains. The Andes are the highest
mountains on the American continent.
Rivers. Some of the principal rivers are the
Amazons, La Plata, Oronoco, Parana, Paraguay,
Uraguay, Madeira, Tocantins, St. Francisco,
and Magdalena.
Lakes. There are few large lakes. The most
considerable are Parima, Maracaybo, and
Titicaca. Islands. The principal islands are the Falk
land islands, Terra del Fuego, Chiloe, Juan
Fernandes, and the Gallipagoes.
America, p-t. and cap. Alexander co., Illinois,
on the Ohio, at the junction of Cash river, and
7 miles above the Mississippi. Lat. 36. 52. N.
It is elevated 20 or 30 feet above the highest
floods of the Ohio.
America, (North,) p-v. Dutchess CO., N.Y. ;
W. 330.
Amersham, see Agmondesham.
Amerongen, t. Netherlands, Utrecht ; 14 ESE.
Utrecht. Pop. 1,020.
Amerpour, t. Asia, in Morung ; 110 NE. Pat-
na. Lon. 87. 2. E. Lat. 26. 37. N.
Amerpour, t. Bengal ; 5 S. Noony.
Amerschia, or Amasia, desert, Arabia, in Hcd-
jaz, north of Yemen.
Amersfort, %. Netherlands, in Utrecht, on the

Embs ; 16 N. Utrecht, 32 SSE. Amsterdam.
Lon. 5. 4. E. Lat. 52. 12. N. Pop. 8,682.
Ames, t. Athens co. Ohio ; about 12 NE. Ath
ens. Pop. 608.
Amesbury, p-t. Essex co. Mass. on N. side of
the Merrimack ; 5 WNW. Newburyport, 28 N,
Salem. Pop. in 1810, 1,890; in 1820, 1,956.
Here are a large nail manufactory, a cotton and
woollen manufactory, and an academy.
Amesbury, or Ambresbwry, t. Eng., in Wilt
shire, on the Avon ; 6 S. Salisbury, 78 W. Lon
don. Pop. 723. It is an ancient place, in thq
vicinity of the Stonehenge, and is famous as
the birth place of Mr. Addison. — See Stone
henge. Amesville, t. Athens co. Ohio, about 12 NE.
Athens. Pop. 707.
Amelz, t. France, in Mosselle ; 9 WNW. Thi-
onville, 9 SE. Longwy.
Ameville, t. Piedmont, in the valley of Aosta,
near the Doria ; 2 W. Aosta.
Amexial, v. Portugal, in Alentejo, nearEstre-
mos. Amginskaia, t. and fortress, Russia, on the
Amga ; 100 SE. Yakutsk.
Amgong, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 20 E.
Oudighir. Amhara, countiy, Abyssinia, divided into 36
districts. In a general sense, it comprehends
all the provinces west of the Tacazze, and is
mountainous. In it are discovered mines of
copper, tin, and lead.
Amherst Island, small isl. in E. end of Lake
Ontario. Lon. 77. W. Lat. 44. 6. N.
Amherst, one of the Magdalen islands, in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 61. 44. W. Lat.
47. 15. N.
Amherst, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 30 S.
Concord, 48 NW. Boston, 5 i W. Portsmouth,
W. 484. Lat. 42. 51. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,554;
in 1820, 1,622. In the central part of Amherst
there is a pleasant plain on which a handsome
village is built, containing a court-house, a jail,
a Congregational meeting-house, and a printing
office. The Souhegan flows through the south
ern part of the town. The courts for the coun
ty are held alternately here and at Hopkinton.
Amherst, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 8 NE.
Northampton, 90 W. Boston, W. 394. Pop. in
1810, 1,469; in 1820, 1,917. This is a very ex
cellent agricultural town, and contains 2 par
ishes, in each of which there is a pleasant vil
lage with a Congregational meeting-house. The
west parish contains a flourishing academy and
a seminary, styled the Collegiate Charity Insti
tution. The academy had, in 1821, 170 stu
dents, 69 of them studying Greek and Latin.
The building is a handsome brick edifice of 3
stories. The Collegiate Charity Institution was first
opened Sept. 18, 1821. The building is a hand
some brick edifice, 100 feet by 40, of 4 stories,
containing 32 rooms. The situation is elevated
and remarkably pleasant, giving an extensive
view of the surrounding countiy. The' basis of
the institution is a fund of $50,000, subscribed
by individuals, five sixths of the interest of
which is appropriated to the education of indi
gent young men for the ministry. The other
sixth part is added annually to the principal.

AMI

54

AMM

The officers are, a president, who is also profes
sor of divinity, a professor of mathematics and
natural philosophy, a professor of languages,
a professor of oriental literature, and a tutor.
The number of students in the first quarter was
56. The terms of admission and course of
study are similar to those of Yale College: The
institution has a library of about 800 volumes,
and a good philosophical apparatus. There are
3 vacations in a year; the 1st, from the fourth
Wednesday preceding -the third Wednesday in
Sept., 4 weeks ; the 2d, from the third Wed
nesday in Dec, 6 weeks ; the 3d, from the first
Wednesday in May, 3 weeks. The property is
held in trust by the board of trustees of Am
herst academy. There are also 5 overseers ap
pointed by the subscribers to the fund, whose
' duty it is to see that the interest is applied ac
cording to the condition of the subscription.
Amherst, t. Niagara co. N. Y. ; about 12 N.
Buffalo. Pop. 76S.
Amherst, co. central part of Virginia ; bound
ed NE. by Albemarle co., SE. and S. by James
river, and NW. by Rockbridge and Augusta
cos. ; W. 190. Pop. in 1810, 10,548. Slaves,
2,207. In 1820, 10,423. Chief towns, New
Glasgow and Cabelsburg.
Amherst Springs, p-v. Amherst co. Va. ; W.
211. Amice, small isl. in the Indian Sea, near the
east coast of Africa. Lat. 10. 35. S.
Amiculdurgam, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 12 NW.
Bangalore. Amid-Amid, mountains in Abyssinia.
Amida, now Diarbekir.
Amiens, (an. Samorabriva, Samorabriga, and
Ambianum,) city, France, cap. Somme ; 90 N.
Paris, 106 S. Calais. Lon. 2. 18. E. Lat. 49.53.
N. Pop. 39,344. II. 5,980. Bp. see. It has a
citadel, 2 hospitals, 15 churches, and an acade
my or provincial university, and a library of
40,000 vols. The cathedral is a magnificent
Gothic edifice. It is situated on the Somme,
which traverses it in three branches ; 14 leagues
from the sea. Before the revolution it was the
eapital of Picardy. It is pleasantly situated and
well built. Its support is derived chiefly from
the trade in serge and other woollen stuffs
manufactured in the town and neighbourhood.
—Natives, Peter the Hermit, Fresne, Riolan,
Gresset, Rohault, and Voiture. — The definitive
treaty of peace between England and France,
including Spain and the Batavian republic, was
signed here in March 1S02.
Amilganco, t. Tucuman ; 20 N. Rioja.
Aminabad, see Ameenabad.
Aminadab,t. Persia, Chusistan ; 6N. Jezdcast.
Aminagur, t. Bengal, in Midnapour; 43 NW.
Midnapour. Aminaigpollan, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ;
20 W. Tritchinopoly.
Aminagunge, t. Hind., in Oude ; 14 S. Fyza-
bad. Aminsio, t. Sweden, in Angermanland ; 54
N. Hernosand.
Amirabad, t. Bengal, in Chittigong; 14 SSE.
Islamabad. Amirante Bay, gulf or bay, on N. coast of the
Isthmus of Darien, in Veragua. Lon. 82. 30.
W. Lat. 9. 5. N.

Amirpov.r, t. Hind., Oude ; 10 S. Lucknow.
Amislowes, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 10
WSW. Biezow.
Amissville, p-v. Culpeper co. Va., W. 86.
Amisus, now Ems, and Samsoun.
Amiti, co. Mississippi. Pop. in 1810, 4,750;
in 1820, 6,853. Chief town, Liberty.
Amite, r. which rises 20 N. Liberty, in Amite
co. Mis., enters Louisiana and unites with the
Iberville, 40 miles above the entrance into Lake
Maurepas. Its general course above the junc
tion with the Iberville, is a little W. of S. Much
of the land on this river is very fertile.
Amilerno, (an. Amilurnum,) t. Naples, in
Abruzzo Ultra, in ruins : 4 N. Aquila.
Amilur, t. Concan ; 3S N. Gheriah.
Amitty, t. Hind., in Oude ; 18 SE. Lucknow.
Lon. 81. 33. E. Lat. 26. 40. N.
Amilur, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 16 N. Jiori-
pour. Amjerra, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 35 ESE. Mans*
warah. Amity, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. ; W. 257.
Amity, p-v. Washington co. Pa. ; W. 255.
Amity, t. Berks co. Pa. on NE. side of the
Schuylkill. Pop. 1,279.
Amlah, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 28 SW.
Amednagur. Amlav, t. on E. coast of the Island of Panay.
Lon. 122. 35. E. Lat. 11. 10. N.
Amlech, t. Tyrol, in Pludentz, on the Lech,
near its source ; 9 ENE. Pludentz.
Amliak, one of the Fox islands, in N. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 187. 14. E. Lat. 53. 30. N.
Amlwich, s-p. N. Wales, in NE. corner of
Anglesey. Lon. 4. 19. W. Lat. 53. 23. N. Ori
ginally nothing more than a small fishing-town;
its present consequence arises entirely from the
connexion it has with the great copper-mines
in its neighbourhood, which have within 50
years increased its population from 200 to
4,622 ; 18 miles from Holyhead.
Amman, (an. Rabbath Amman, and Philadel
phia,) t. Palestine, anciently the capital of the
Ammonites, called in scripture Rabbath Amman,
and in profane history it was called Philadel
phia; 52 ENE. Jerusalem. Lon. 36. 15. E.
Lat. 32. 10. N. It is now the 'principal place of
a district. Ammaro, t. Japan, Niphon ; 40 SW. Ofara.
Ammer, or Amber, r. Bavaria, which rises on
the borders of Tyrol, and runs into the Iser,
near Mosburg. In its progress the water spreads,
and about 5 miles N. Weilhaim, forms a consid
erable lake, called Ammersee.
Ammer, mt. Africa, in Algiers, which gave
name to a tribe of Arabs, E. Oran.
Ammercot, t. Hind., on the Cagger, in a san
dy desert ; 138 NE. Nusserpour, 256 S. Moul
tan. Lon. 70. E. Lat. 25. 40. N.
Ammeren, t. Pru., Aix la Chapelle, 6 ENE.
Ruremond. Ammersee, lake, Bavaria, 10 miles long, and
3 broad; 18 SW. Munich.
Ammerspach, r. Austria, which runs into the
Erlebach, near the Erlaph see.
Ammertschwir, or Ammcrweyer, t. France, in
Upper-Rhine ; 4 NW. Colmar. H. 400.
Amman, or Hammon, see Santrieh and Siwah.
Ammonoosuc, (Lower,) r. N. H. which rises in

AMO

55

AMR

the White Mountains, and runs into the Con
necticut, in Bath. Length about 50 miles.
Ammonoosuc, (Upper,) r. N. H. which runs in
to the Connecticut, in Northumberland. Length
about 50 miles.
Amnol, t. Bahar ; 20 NNE. Chuprah.
Amoary, t. Hind., in Baglana ; 15 NNE.
Amednagur. Amoas, (an. Emmaus, or Ammaus, and Nico-
polls,) t. Palestine, and when the Holy Land
was in possession of the Christians, the see of
a bishop ; 10 Rama, 22 NW. Jerusalem. See
Emmaus. Amocrang, t. on N. coast of Celebes, in a bay
to which it gives name. Lon. 124. 12. E. Lat.
0. 55. N.
Amoer, see Amur.
Amol, or Amul, or Amu, city, Asia, in Grand
Bukharia, on the left bank of the Jihon, which
is there called Amol ; 150 W. Samarcand, 300
N. Herat. Lon. 60. 40. E. Lat. 39. 30. N. It
is large, populous, and commercial.
Amol, or Amul, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, in
a plain at the foot of Mount Taurus, where Al
exander encamped and refreshed his army ;
120 ENE. Casbin. Lon. 52. 15. E. Lat. 36. 40.
N. Pop. 800. Here are the ruins of an ancient
fortress, very strong and regular, the walls of
brick, and great thickness. Here is likewise an
ancient palace, in which the celebrated Shah
Abbas frequently resided. In the neighbour
hood are some iron-mines and cannon-foun-
deries. Amona, or Lamona, late dep. Italy, formed
from Romagna.
Amona, or Lamona, branch of the Po, which
runs into the Adriatic, 5 N. Ravena.
Amond, r. South- Wales, which runs into the
Llwghor.
¦- Amond, see Almond.
Amdneburg, see Ameneberg.
Amonia, now Inch Calm.
Amood, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 51 N. Surat,
58 IS. Amedabad. Lon. 72. 51. E. Lat. 21. 59. N.
Amooty; t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 8 N. Corah.
Amora, (an. Amorium,) t. Arabian Irak, on
the Tigris ; 120 SE. Bagdad.
Amorbach, t. Bav., in Lower Maine, capital
of a district; 12SW,Wertheim, 20 NE. Heidel
berg. Pop. 2,415.
Amorgo, (an. Amorgos,) isl. in the Grecian
Archipelago, 10 miles long, and 3 broad. Lon.
25. 50. E. Lat. 36. 53. N. It is well cultivated,
and produces more corn, oil, and wine, than is
enough for home consumption. The inhabi
tants manufacture a kind of stuff dyed red, call
ed Amorgo stuffs. — Native, Simonides.
Amorgo Poulo, small isl. in the Archipelago;
6 W. Amorgo. Lon. 25. 44. W. Lat. 36. 45. N.
Amoria, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Sa
karia ; 50 SW. Angura.
Amorica, t. Italy ; 9 N. Bergamo.
Amorium, ancient city, Phrygia, celebrated
for a seige, in 838, when 70,000 Moslems, and
30,000 Christians were slain.
Amoskeag Falls, on the Merrimack, in N. H.;
7 miles below Hookset Falls, and 15 below
Concord, between Goffstown and Manchester.
The water falls 48 feet and 3 inches in the
course of half a mile. These falls are shunned
by Amoskeag Canal.

Amotape, t. Peru, in Truxillo, near the sou;
20 N. Payta.
Amoro, t. Abyssinia ; 20 WSW. Min6.
Amou, t. France, in Landes; 13 SSW. St.
Sever, 15 S. Tartas.
Amou, see Amol.
Amouah, t. Hind., in Oude ; 45 E. Goorack-
pour. Amouala, s-p. Madagascar, opposite to the
isle of Nosse.
Amoul, t. Hind., in Coitnbetore ; 18 N. Da-
raporum. Amoulee, t. Hind., in Oude ; 8 S. Corah.
Amour, t. Nubia, 125 S. Chiggre.
Amoura, t. Algiers, surrounded with walls ;
160 S. Algiers. Lon. 3. 48. E. Lat. 34. 11. N.
Amoy, see Emouy.
Amoyamba, t. S. A. in Tucuman ; 50 NW. St.
Fernando. Ampaga, or Ampasa, t. NE. coast of Africa, in
the Indian sea, dependent on the Portuguese ;
15 S. Patta.
Amparaes, t. La Plata ; 10 NW. La Plata.
Ampaia, t. Tucuman ; 15 SE. Rioja.
Ampazita, t. Bessarabia, on the Jalpug lake ;
35 ENE. Calatz.
Ampedes, or Afzia, or Aveszia, small isl. in the
sea of Marmora ; 10 miles in circumference.
Lon. 27. 23. E. Lat. 40. 26. N.
Ampelusia, now Cape Spartel.
Ampezo, t. Tyrol ; 12 S. Bruneck.
Ampfing, v. Bavaria, on the Iser ; 15 S. Din-
gelfingen. Amphielea, see Dadi.
Amphila Bay, in the Red Sea, on the coast of
Abyssinia. Lat. 14. 40. N. It extends 16 miles
along the coast, and is about 12 miles deep,
and includes 13 islands.
Amphilochia, or Amphilochium, see Filoquia.
Amphissa, now Salona.
Amphipolis, now Emboli.
Amplepuis,t. France, Rhone; 12ESE.Roanne,
15 W. Villefranche. Pop. 3,470.
Amplilz, or Amtitz, t. and lordship, Pru., in
Lower Lusatia, with a citadel ; 5 S. Guben.
Ampora, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 14 SW. Bur-
hanpour. Amposta, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro ;
7 S. Tortosa.
Ampsaga, now Wed-el-Kibbeer.
Amplhill, t. Eng., in Bedford ; 12 N. Dunsta
ble, 45 N. London. Pop. 1,277. It has a week
ly market on Tuesday.
Ampudia, v. Spain, in Leon; 10 N. Vallado-
lid. In the time of the Goths it was a consid
erable city, and a bishop's see.
Ampurids, (an. Emporits, Emcorias, and Em-
corion,) s-p. Spain, 'and capital of a district,
called Ampurdan, in Catalonia, at the mouthy
of the Fluvia ; 15 E. Gerona, 53 NE. Barcelo
na. Lon. 2. 53. E. Lat. 42. 10. N. Pop. 2,200.
It was anciently the see of a bishop ; and in
the time of the Romans, a place of great note,
in the country of the Indigctani. Near it Cato
gained an important victory over the Spaniards,
in the year before Christ 159. According to
Valerius Antrus, in Livy, the loss was 50,000.
Cato says a great number, but does not express
how many.
Amra, r. Sweden, which rises in Jamtland,
and joins the Ragunda ; 17 E. Stugun.

AMS

56

AMS

Amra, t. Bengal ; 12 E. Noony.
Amran, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 20 NW. Sana,
90 E. Loheia. It is walled, but small.
Amran, t. and fortress, Hind., in the Guze
rat peninsula. Lon. 70. 35. E. Lat. 22, 35. N.
This town has 10 or 15 villages subject to it.
Amras, castle, Tyrol, at the foot of a moun
tain ; 3 SE. Innspruck.
Amrautty, see Ormautly.
Amrely, t. Hind., Guzerat ; 9 NE. Janagur.
Amren, t. Hind., Guzerat ; 25 NE. Noanagur.
Amretsir, (the Pool of Immortality,) t. Hind.,
in Lahore, 35 SE. Lahore. Lon. 74. 25. E. Lat.
31. 34. N. This is an open town, about 10
miles in circ. The streets are narrow, the
houses in general good, being lofty and built of
burnt bricks. It is a place of opulence, and is
the grand emporium of trade for the shawls
and saffron of Cashmire, and a variety of other
commodities from the Deccan and the eastern
part of India. The town takes its name from a
pool about 135 paces square, built of burnt
bricks. In the centre stands a temple, to which
belong 5 or 600 priests.
Amromoe, isl. German Ocean, near W. coast
of Denmark. Lon. 8. 23. E. Lat. 54. 40. N.
Amrooah, t. Hind., Oude ; 45 S. Nidjibabad.
Amrun, t. Hind., Guzerat ; 45 SW. Gogo.
Amrus, t. Egypt, on the right branch of the
Nile ; 36 S. Faoua.
Amrutsur, see Chuckgroo.
Amsberg, t. Switz., in Uri ; 7 S. Altorff.
Amschelberg, t. Bohemia, in Beraun ; IS S.
Beraun, 24 S. Prague. Lon. 14. 28. E. Lat. 49.
42. N.
Amsoing, v. Luxemburg ; near Longway,
where, on the 12th of August, 1792, a battle
was fought between the French and the armies
of Austria and Prussia, in which 4,500 of the
combined forces were killed, and 3,000 taken
prisoners. Amstel, r. Holland, which joins the Ye at Am
sterdam. Amstelveen, t. Holland ; 6 S. Amsterdam. Pop.
5,051. Amsterdam, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on N.
side of the Mohawk ; 30 NW. Albany, W. 392.
Pop. 3,171. This town contains valuable mills
and manufactures of iron, and 2 Presbyterian
meeting-houses. Amsterdam, city, Neth., capital of North Hol
land, the largest in the kingdom, and the com
mercial capital, situated on the river Amstel,
at its conflux with the river Ye, or Wye, about
6 miles from the Zuyder Sea ; 240 NNE. Paris.
Lon. 4. 53. E. Lat. 52. 23. N. Pop. in 1785,
230,000; in 1812, 193,083; in 1820, 220,580.
Statement of the population in 1820.
Calvinists or Reformed  98,000
Catholics  .44,500
Lutherans  32,000
Jews  23,100
Remonstrants, Baptists, Moravians, he  2,980
Soldiers, Sailors, &c  20,000
Total  220,580
It takes its name from Amstel and Dam, be
ing, as it were, the dam or dike of the Amstel,

In the beginning of the 13th century, it was the
residence of a few fishermen ; but soon after,
growing populous, the Earls of Holland gave it
the title and privileges of a city. It has been
frequently enlarged, particularly in the years
1593, 1595, 1601, 1612, 1650, and 1675; at
which last date it was extended to its present
size, and surrounded by a wall, and a large
ditch, 80 feet wide, full of running water ; the
walls were fortified with 26 bastions ; there are
8 gates towards the land, and one towards the
water. Being situated in a marshy countiy, the
foundation of the whole is laid on piles of tim
ber driven into the earth, close to each other
and clamped together with iron ; the form is
semicircular, and the streets are, in general, well
paved. There are three prodigious sluices and
a great number of stone bridges over the canals,
which cross the city in many parts, and render
the streets clean and pleasant ; the canals are
deep, their sides are lined with hewn stone, and
have generally rows of trees planted on each
side. The port is about 1J m. in length, and about
a thousand paces in breadth, capable of receiv.
ing 1,000 vessels, and always containing a great
quantity of shipping; Towards the sides of the
haven the city is enclosed by large piles driven
into the ground, joined by beams placed hori
zontally ; and lying low it would be constantly
liable to inundations, if it were not secured by
dikes and sluices.
The city contains 25,244 houses, 1 1 Calvinist
churches, 2 French, 1 English, 1 Scotch, 1
Arminian, 3 Lutheran, 3 Baptist, 1 Moravian,
1 Quaker, and 24 Catholic ; and 5 Synagogues.
The public establishments are numerous and
on a respectable footing ; the principal are the
arsenals and dock yards, the academy of
sciences, the society of Felix Meritis, devoted
to philosophy and the fine arts, the athenaeum
or college, the anatomical and surgical college,
the botanic garden, the house of correction or
rasp house, the orphan house, a number of
hospitals, he.
The stadthouse, where public business is
conducted, is esteemed one of the finest struc
tures in the world ; it is a square building of
free-stone, the front of which is 282 feet long,
the depth of its sides 255 feet ; 90 feet high in
front, 116 to the top of the cupola. The great
hall is particularly magnificent. Indeed all the
chambers are adorned with beautiful sculptures
by the best masters, and paintings by Rem
brandt, Rubens, Vandyke, &.c. This immense
fabric, like the rest of the city, is built on 13,659
piles. The architect was John Campen, who
made the model in 1648, and the first stone
was laid the 28th of October the same year:
the expense to make the whole complete is said
to have been £3,000,000. The bourse, or ex
change, is of free-stone, and built in the year
1615, on 2,000 piles; its length 200 feet, and
its breadth 124.
Amsterdam was, and continues to be one of
the grand central points of. exchange in Eu
rope. It formerly had bill transactions with
eveiy trading town of note on the globe, and
was esteemed before the French revolution the
second city in. Europe, in point of commerce.

AMY

57

ANA

It suffered great embarrassments during the
French revolution,buthasbeen recovering since
1815. — Natives, Spinoza, Rotgans, Hooft, he.
Amsterdam, small uninhabited isl. in the North
Sea, near NW. coast of Spitsbergen. Dutch
Vessels resort thither at the latter end of the
whale-fishery. Lon. 9. 40. E. Lat. 79. 46. N.
Amsterdam, isl. in the Indian Sea. According
to Dr. GiUan, this island was the product of
subterraneous fire ; and bore evident marks of
¦volcanic eruption in every part of it. The
length of the island, from N. to S. is 4 miles;
its breadth, 2£ ; almost the whole of it is cov
ered with a tertile soil. The island is inacces
sible, except on E. side, where the great crater
forms a harbour, the entrance to which is deep
ening annually, and might, by the aid of art, be
made fit for the passage of large ships. Lon. 77.
14. E. Lat. 38. 42. S.
Amsterdam, see Tongataboo.
Amsterdam, isl. in the gulf of Manar, near W.
coast of Ceylon. Lon. 8. 1. E. Lat. 9. 50. N.
It is about 5 miles long and 2 broad.
Amsterdam, (JHew,) t. Guiana, capital of the
settlement of Berbice, at the conflux of the
Berbice and Canje; 52 ESE. Stabroek. Lat. 6.
20. N. Lon. 57. 15. W.
-Amstoss, v. Switz., in Appenzel, on the fron
tiers of Rhinthall; 4 SW. Reineck. Here the
Appenzellois vanquished Frederick duke of
Austria, in the year 1450. A chapel was built
on the spot to preserve the memory of this
event, and an anniversary kept on the 3d of
May, old stile.
Amstotten, t. Austria ; 8 SW. Ips. In 1805, the
Austrians and Russians were defeated here by
the French.
Amstzel, t. Wurtemberg; 8 E. Ravensburg.
Fop. 2,127.
Amu, see Jihon.
Amucu, large lake, Brazil ; 60E.lakeParima.
Amul, r. Siberia, which runs into the Tuba ;
48 ESE. Abanksk.
Amul, or Amu, see Amol.
Amur, r. which rises in Chinese Tartary. Lon.
109. 14. E. Lat. 49. N. It passes by Nertchinsk,
where it takes the name of Schilka ; it is joined
by the Argun, at Lon. 121. and by the Songari
Oula, at Lon. 131. Lat. 48., where it takes the
name of Saghalien, and runs into N. Pacific
Ocean, opposite Saghalien island. Lon. 142. 14.
E. Lat. 53. N. Length 1,850 miles.
Amurio, t. Spain, in Alaba ; 5 N. Orduna.
Amusco, t. Spain, in Leon ; 10 N. Palenoia.
Amwell, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. ; E. of the
Delaware ; 34 NNE. Philadelphia, W. 187.
Pop. of the township, in 1810, 5,777; in 1820,
6,749. Here is an academy.
Amwell, t. Washington co. Pa. ; SE. Wash
ington. Pop. 1,825.
Amwell, v. Eng., in Herts, in which is the
spring that supplies the New River with "water,
assisted by a cut from the river Lee ; 1 SW.
Ware, 21 N. London.
Amyclae, city, Peloponnesus ; the birth place
of Castor and Pollux ; see Sklavo-Chori.
Amyclae, ancient city, Italy, between Cajeta
and Fanacina.
Anactorium, now Vonitza.
Amyah, t. Hind., Oude ; 32 N. Manicpour.
Vol. I. '8

Ana, or Anna, t. Arabia, in Irak, on the Eu
phrates; 260 E. Damascus, 220 SE. Aleppo.
Lon. 41. 15, E. Lat. 34. N. Pop. 3,000. It is
in a mountainous, but fertile countiy, which
produces abundance of corn, olives, dates, oran
ges, lemons, pomegranates, figs, he. It is a gen
eral resort of the Arabian robbers, who watch
the caravans which pass to and from Bagdad,
Damascus, Aleppo, he.
Ana, t. Finland ; 80 NNE. Nyslot.
Anaboli, see Napoli de Romania.
Ana-Capri, t. island of Capri, with a churoh
and convent ; and a castle near, situated on a
frightful precipice. Pop. 1,534.
Anacur, or Nuachir, t. Syria ; 6 N. Acre. The.
meaning of the name is as much as to say, a
thing cut out with a pair of scissors ; and it was
given to it from the neighbouring road, cut out
of the solid rock.
Anadir, c. Siberia, which rises in a lake, Lon. '
169. E. Lat. 68. 20. N., and runs into the Ana-
dirskaia gulf, in Lon. 177. 34. E. Lat. 65. N.
Anadirskaia Gulf, bay, N. Pacific Ocean, on
the coast of Siberia, extending from Cape
Apostola Thadeia, Lon. 178. E. Lat. 68. N., to
the island of St. Lawrence. Lon. 187. E. Lat.
68. 25. N.
Anadirskoi, t. Siberia, on the river Anadir.
Lon. 165. 14. E. Lat. 66. N.
Anadoli-Hisar, name given by the Turks, to
that castle of the Dardanelles, situated on the
Asiatic side of the Hellespont.
Anafa, or Dar Beyda, t. Africa, on W. coast
of Morocco ; 30 SW. Solee. It has a small port,
but is now a heap of ruins.
Anagada, see Ancgada.
Anagni, (an. Anagnia,) t. Italy, in the Cam,
pagna di Roma ; Bp. see ; 11 W. Alatri, 28 SE.
Rome. Pop. 1,500.
Analiuac, name of that part of Mexico lying
between Lat. 14. and 21. N., before its conquest
by the Spaniards.
Anaja-tuba, t. Brazil, in Para, on N. side Ma-
rajo ; 20 E. Parana. Lon. 51. 16. W. Lat. 0.
12. S.
Anaklea, see Anarghia.
Anakopia, t. Abascia, on the coast of the
Black Sea; 40 W. Isgaur. Lon. 39. 45. E. Lat.
43. 30. N. It is the chief town of Abascia, for
tified, has a small harbour and some trade.
Anatativa, small isl. near NW. point of Cey
lon. Anam, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast. Lon. 1
40. W. Lat. 5. 26. N.
Anam, t. Hind., in the district of Lucknow;
31 WSW. Lucknow.
Anambas, a cluster of islands in the Chinese
Sea, the largest of which is about 20 miles in
circ. Lon. 1C6. 50. E. Lat. 3. N.
Anamaboa, see Annamaboa.
Anambas, see Andamas.
Anamooka, see Annamooka.
Anamsagur, t. Hind., in Visiapour ; 51 E.
Baddamy, 100 E. Visiapour. Lon. 76. 33 E
Lat. 16. 8. N.
Anana, t. Spain, Alaba ; 16 SSW. Orduna.
Ananes, three small islands in the Grecian
Archipelago, about 3 leagues SW. the island of
Milo. Lon. 24. 5. E. Lat. 36. 31. N.
Ananpmir, t. Hind., in Bednore ; 20 SE. Bed-

ANC

58

ANC

nore, 125 NW. Seringapatam. Lon. 75. 3. E.
Lat. 13. 35. N.
Ananpour, t. Guzerat ; 10 W. Noopour.
Ananpour, t. Bengal ; 8 N. Midnapour.
Anantapour, t. Carnatic ; 13 E. Cuddapa.
Anantasagarun, t. Hind., in Golconda; 10
NW. Warangole.
Anantasapilly, t. Hind., in Rajamundry ; 18
W. Rajamundry.
Anantoor, t. Hind., in Barramaul ; 12 NE.
Darempooiy. Anantpour, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 85 NE. Chit-
teldroog, 140 NNE. Seringapatam. Lon. 77.28.
E. Lat. 14.45. N. Hyder Ali here made a .depot
of his riches.
Ananuri, t. Georgia, in Carduel ; 40 NNW.
Teflis. Anapa, Anapea, or Anaffa, t. Circassia, on a
bay of the Black Sea, called Sundgik bay ; 70
ESE. Theodosia. Lon. 37. 10. E. Lat. 44. 40.
N. It is fortified, has a good harbour, carries
on a considerable trade, and is 2 miles in circuit.
Anapapooly, t. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 22 NW.
Daraporum. Anapes, t. France, in North ; 3 E. Lille.
Anaphe, see Namphio.
Anarghia, or Langun, (an. Heraclea,) t. Min-
grelia,2 miles from the Black Sea; 9 NW. Co-
tutis. Lon. 41. 6. E. Lat. 42. 40. N.
Anarodgurra, t. Ceylon ; 65 N. Candi.
Anas, now Guadiana.
Anastamia, considerable s-p. Japan, on S.
coast of Niphon. The principal commerce is in
wood. Anastasiopolis, now Darakardin.
Anatajan, one of the uninhabited Ladrone
islands ; 25 leagues N. Tinian. Lon. 145. 50. E.
Lat. 16. 42. N.
Anaihoih, see Jeremiah.
Anatolia, see Natolia.
Anattom, isl. S. Pacific Ocean, and most
southern of those called New Hebrides. Lon.
170. 4. E. Lat. 20. 3. S.
Anaurapueu, r. S. A. which runs into the
river Amazon, Lon. 51. 10. W.
Anawd, lake, N. America. Lon. 111. 50. W.
Lat. 60. 35. N. ;
Anawneethad, lake, N. America. Lon. 103.
W. Lat. 62. N.
Anazarba, see Anzarba.
Anbar, t. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates ; 35
W. Bagdad, 200 S. Mosul. Lon. 43. 2. E. Lat.
33. 15. N.
Anbar, t. Grand Bukharia, in Balk ; 70 SSW.
Balk. Lon. 64. 18. E. Lat. 36. N.
Anbertsir, see Amrutsur.
Anbord, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 150 NE. Meshid.
Ancdcato, t. Buenos Ayres, in La Paz ; 60 N.
Potosi. Ancaon, t. Portugal, Beira ; 5 SE. Coimbra.
Ancarano, t. Popedom, in Ancona, on the
Tronto ; 6 E. Ascoli.
Ancastcr, (an. Cansennce,) v. Eng., in Lincoln,
formerly a Roman station, many vestiges of
which are now visible ; 5 W. Sleaford, 7 NNE.
Grantham. -
Ance, t. France, in Rhone, on the Saone ; 12
N. Lyons. Pop. 1,290.
Ance, (Grande,) t. and bay, on N. coast of
Martinico.

Ance, (Petite,) t. and bay, on NW. coast of Sf .
Domingo ; 5 S. Cape Francois.
Ancenis, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Lower Loire, on the Loire ; 4J posts
NE. Nantes, 4Sf SW. Paris. Lon. 1. 5. W. Lat.
47. 22. N. Pop. 2,923. It was one of the nine
ancient baronies of Bretagne, belonging to the
noble house of Bethune-Chabot.
Ancerville, t. France, in Meuse; 3 E. St.
Dizier, 9 SSW. Bar-le-Duc. Pop. 2,200.
Ancerville, t. France, in Moselle ;-10 WNW.
Morhange, 10 ESE. Metz.
Ancha, t. Georgia ; 68 SW. Akalzike.
Anehediva, see Angediva.
Anchiale, t. Cilicia, 4 SW. Tarsus. Here was
the sepulchre of Sardanapalus.
Anchialus, now Akkiali.
Anchitty, or Anchittydurgam, fort, Mysore,
which was taken by the British troops in 1799 ;
25 Covcriporam.
Ancholme,r. Eng., which rises in Lincolnshire,
near Mai'ket-Raisen, becomes navigable at
Glanford-Briggs, Whence it pursues a straight
northerly course to the Humber.
Anchor Island, isl. near S. entrance of Dusky
bay, on the coast of New-Zealand, with a
harbour on N. coast. Lon. 166. 16. E. Lat.
45. 46. S.
Anchor Point, cape on W. coast of N. America,
and E. side of Cook's Inlet. Lon. 208. 48. E.
Lat. 59. 39. N.
Anciaens, t. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montes ; 10
W. Torre de Moncorvo.
Ancigne, t. France, in Two-Sevres ; 16£ SSE.
Niort. Ancinale, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 7 SSE.
Squillace. Ancisa de Moncorvo, t. Tuscany, near the Arno ;
10 SE. Florence.
Ancizan, t. France, in Higher-Pyrenees ; 15
SSE. Bagneres.
Anckerholtz, t. Prussia, Pomerelia ; 30 WNW.
Dantzic. Anclam, (an. Tanklim, or Tanglim,) s-p. Pru.,
Pomerania, in Stettin, capital of a circle, on
the Peene ; 36 SSE. Stralsund, 44 NW. Old
Stettin. Lon. 13.41. E. Lat. 53. 54. N. Pop.
5,640. It has a feriy on the Frisch Haff, where
there is a fort, to which all vessels passing pay
a toll for the service of the town. It is one of
the most opulent and commercial towns in
Pomerania, and contains 2 parish churches, 3
hospitals, and a Latin school.
Anelui, t. Natolia ; 4 S. Palatsha.
Ancober, or Ankobar, or Gold River, r. Africa,
which runs into the Atlantic, between the Gold
Coast and the country of Axim ; there is a good
harbour at its mouth. Lon. 0. 40. W. Lat. 4.
48. N.
Ancocus, r. N. J., which runs W. into the
Delaware, 6 SW. Burlington. It is navigable
to Lumberton, 16 miles.
Ancola, t. Hind., Baglana ; 18 S. Junere.
Ancon, (EV) t. Peru, near the coast ; 20 N.
Lima. Ancona, delegation, States of the Church, con
taining 159,047 inhabitants. The former mar-
quisate of Ancona was bounded N. and E. by
the Adriatic, S. by Umbria and Abruzzo Ultra,
and W. by Urbino. The air is gross, but the

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59

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land fertile ; about 66 miles long, and 48 wide.
Principal towns, Ancona, Ascoli, Camerino,
FermO, Jesi, Loreto, Macerata, Monte Alto,
Osimo, &.c.
Ancona, city and s-p. Italy, in the Ecclesiast
ical States, capital of a delegation, formerly of
a marquisate, on the Adriatic ; 107 NNE. Rome.
Lon. 13. 29. E. Lat. 43. 38. N. Pop. 17,330 ;
5,000 Jews. H. 1,800. Bp.see. It is a celebrated
trading town, advantageously situated for com
merce, has an excellent harbour, and is the
most considerable port in the papal dominions.
The inhabitants are more active and enterpris
ing than most Italians. The exports consist of
grain, wool, silk, skins, sail cloth, soap, fruits,
&c. It has a citadel, a cathedral, 2 collegiate
and 8 parish churches, 16 convents, and 2 hos
pitals. On the mole is a beautiful triumphal
arch of marble, erected to the emperor Trajan.
Ancona, t. Abyssinia ; 170 SSE. Gondar.
Ancoraymes, t. Peru, in the diocess of La Paz ;
70 NNW. La Paz.
Aneove, district, Madagascar, near the centre
of the island. The soil is mostly barren. The
chief town, Tanane Arrivon, contains about
25,000 inhabitants.
Ancre, or Encre, see Albert.
Ancrum, t. Columbia co. N. Y., on Ancrum
Creek, about IS SE. Hudson. Pop. 3,147.
Here are extensive iron works, at which are
made large quantities of excellent iron. The
ore is principally obtained from Salisbury in
Connecticut. A lead mine is also found here.
Ancrum Creek, r. Columbia co. N. Y., which
runs into the Hudson, opposite Catskill.
Ancrum, v. Scot., in Roxburghshire, on the
Teviot ; 3 N. Jedburgh. Pop. 300. A battle
was fought here in 1544 between the English
and Scots. — Native, Dr. Buchan.
Ancry, t. Hind., Berar ; 43 NNE. Neermul.
Ancy le Due, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire ;
3 N. Marcigny les Nonains.
Ancy le Franc, t. France, in Yonne ; 9 SE.
Tonnerre, 24 E. Auxerre. Pop. 1,236.
Ancyra, now Angara.
Andagium, and Andanium, now St. Herbert.
Andaguaylas, t. Peru, and capital of a district
in the diocess of Guamanga ; 60 ESE. Gua-
manga, 100 WNW. Cusco. The territory is
large and abounds in cattle, corn, fruit and
sugar. About 20 miles from the town there
was formerly a rich silver mine, now filled with
water. Andalusia, p-v. Bucks co. Pa. ; W. 148.
Andalusia, properly Vandalusia, (an. Bcetica,)
pr. Spain, divided into Upper and Lower ;
Upper Andalusia comprehends Grenada ; Lower
Andalusia comprehends Jaen, Cordova and
Seville. Considered as a particular province,
it is most westerly of the southern part of
Spain ; and is bounded N. by Estramadura and
La Mancha, E. by Mercia, S. by the sea and
the Straits of Gibraltar, and W. by Portugal :
170 miles long, and 180 wide. Lower Andalu
sia is, without doubt, one of the finest countries
of Spain, the richest and most fertile ; produc
ing abundance of oil and grain ; also honey,
sugar, silk, and wine. Its herds of cattle are
numerous, and its horses are esteemed the best
in the kingdom. The inhabitants are descended

in part from the Saracens, and differ much from
the natives of Castile and other parts of Spain,
in their physiognomy and character. Pop. in
1787, 788,153. Chief cities, Seville and Cadiz.
For Upper Andalusia, see Grenada.
Andalousa, t. Algiers, on the sea coast ; 15
W. Oran.
Andalusia, (New,) see (Spanish,) Guiana.
Andaman, (an. Bonce Forlunce Insula;,) several
islands, in the bay of Bengal, the 2 most con
siderable called the Great and Little. The Great
Andaman is about 50 leagues long, and 8 wide.
In the centre of it is a high mountain, named
Saddlepeak, about 2,400 feet high. The Little
Andaman is about 8 leagues in length, and 5 in
breadth. The inhabitants are of a gentle,
harmless disposition, and employ themselves in
cultivating their lands; they raise great plenty
of rice and fruit, which they sell to European
vessels that pass that way. ' All that voyagers
have related of uncivilized life,' says Major
SLymes, ' seems to fall short of the barbarism of
the people of Andaman. The natives of New-
Zealand and Terra del Fuego are in a relative
state of refinement, compared to these islanders.'
The population of Great Andaman, with all its
dependencies, hardly exceeds 2,000 or 2,500
souls, dispersed in small societies along the
coasts, or on the lesser islands in the harbour,
never penetrating far inland. — The Great An
daman lies in Lon. 92. 40. to 93. 15. E. and
Lsa.1l. 22. to 13. 55. N. The Little Andaman
lies about 10 leagues S. of the other.
Andaman, t. Fezzan ; 165 E. Mourzouk.
Andamas, t. Persia, Chusistan ; 130 W. Ispahan.
Andamas, (Great,) group of islands in the
Chinese sea. Lon. 105. 56. E. Lat. 3. N.
Andamas, (Little,) three small islands in the
Chinese sea. Lon. 106. E. Lat. 3. 56. N.
Andamas, (South,) small islands in the Chi
nese sea. Lon. 106. 22. E. Lat. 2. 21. N.
Andamer, range of mountains in Biledulge-
rid, E. Fighig.
Andanagur, see Amednagur.
Andance, t. France, Ardeche, on the Rhone ;
12 N. Tournon, 20 N. Valence. Pop. 830.
Andapourgur, t. Hind., in Orissa ; 52 W. Ba-
lasore. Andarax, t. Spain, Grenada ; 18 NW. Almeria.
Andareia, see Hinderabi.
Andaye, s-p. France, in Lower-Pyrenees, near
the mouth of the Bidassoa, on the borders of
Spain, with strong fortifications ; 5 SW. St.
Jean de Luz. Fop. 713.
Andeafaran, see Andover.
Andeah, t. Hind., Bilsah ; 30 ENE. Bilsah,
120 S. Agra. Lon. 78. 12. E. Lat. 23. 36. N.
Andecavi, now Angers.
Andechud, t. Balk, on the Jihon ; 60 SSW
Balk. Andeer, t. Switz., in Grisons ; 8 SSW. Tusis.
Andegan, or Ferganah, t. Turkestan, and
capital of a district called Ferganah, within
the confines of Chinese Tartary, on a river
which runs into the Sihon ; 210 NNE. Samar-
cand. Lon. 67. 30. E. Lat. 42. 18. N.
Andeli, t. France, in North-Coast ; 7 E. St.
Brieuc. Andelfmgen, t. Switz., Zurich, on an eminence
near the Thur; 17 NNE. Zurich. Pop. 1,99-i

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60

AND

Andelle, r. France, which runs into the Seine,
about 10 miles above Rouen.
Andelot, t. France, in Upper-Marne, on the
Rougnon ; 10 NNE. Chaumont. Pop. 832.
Andelspaeh, i. Ger., which runs into the Dan
ube, near Scheer.
Andely le Grand, (an. Andelejum,) t. France,
principal place of a district, in Eure ; 17 NNE.
Evreaux. Lon. 1. 30. E. Lat. 49. 15. N. Pop.
3,865.— Native, Pousin.
Andenes, small isl. in North Sea, near the
cbast of Norway, with a town. Lat. 68. 30. N.
Andepaleam, t. Hind., in Coimbetore; 19
NNW. Daraporum.
Andera, see Dendera.
Anderab, t. Usbeck Tartary, in Balk, on a riv
er of the same name ; 160 E. Balk. Lon. 68.
40. E. Lat. 36. 3. N. It is situated at the foot
of the mountains which separate India and
Persia from Great Bukharia. Merchants who
travel from Bukharia to India must pass by this
town, the countries being every where else
separated by inaccessible mountains.
Ander-Esch, t. Luxemburg; 7 S. Luxemburg.
Anderis, now Rye.
Anderlech, t. Brabant ; 3 SW. Brussels. Pop.
1,929. In 1792 a battle was fought here be
tween the Austrians and French, in which the
latter were victorious.
Andermatt, see Urseren.
Andernach, (an. Antunnacum, and Antona-
eum,) t. Pru., Lower Rhine, in Coblentz ; 6
NW. Coblentz, 25 SSE. Cologne. Lon. 7. 20.
E. Lat. 50. 29. N. Pop. 2,379. It is chiefly
remarkable for a productive toll on the Rhine,
a large manufactory of China ware, rich vine
yards on the banks of the Rhine, and for mill
stones, terras-stone, and three mineral springs
in the vicinity.
Anderskow, t. Denmark, in Zealand ; 1 SE.
Slagelse.' Anderson, co. East Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
3,959; slaves, 260. Pop. in 1820,4,668. Chief
town, Clinton.
Anderson, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 2,122.
Anderson's Island, small isl. in N. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 167. 40. W. Lat. 63. 10. N.
Andersonville, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C;
W. 560.
Anderson's River, r. Kentucky, which runs
into the Ohio, 52 miles above Green River.
Anderton, t. Eng., in Lancashire ; 2 Wigan. '
Andes, t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 1,378.
Andes, now Angers, and Pietola.
Andes, called by the Spaniards Cordilleras de
los Andes, an immense chain of mountains, ex
tending throughout South America, near the
western side. They extend from Cape Pilares,
in the straits of Magellan, northwards to the
isthmus of Darien. A mountainous ridge passes
through the isthmus of Darien, dividing further
north into various branches, styled the Cordil
leras of Mexico. To the north of Mexico the
principal range takes the name of the Rocky
mountains, and reaches to the Frozen ocean,
the northern limits of the American continent.
These are by many considered as parts of one
continued range, but term Andes is usually lim
ited to the mountains in S. America.
The Andes differ greatly in their general as

pect and character, being in some parts blend
ed together into an entire mass, and m others
divided into two or three distinct ridges. In
Chili they are about 120 miles in breadth, pre-<
senting numerous summits of prodigious height.
To the north they diverge in a straggling man
ner ; and in Peru they are formed into three ir
regular ridges, which continue to about Lat. 6.
S., where they are formed into a single chain.
They divide again in Quito into two chains ;
and further north, between Lat. 2. and 5. N.,
they are formed into three parallel ridges,
which are again blended together between
Lat. 6. and 7. N.
Between the two ridges in Quito there is a
plain from 5 to 6 leagues in breadth, of great
fertility, well cultivated, and thickly settled,
having populous towns, and though under the
equator, yet owing to its great elevation, which
is about 9,000 feet above the sea, it possesses
a temperate and delightful climate.
The Andes are the highest mountains on this
continent, and present numerous summits cov
ered with perpetual snow. Many of them are
volcanic, and in many are found the precious
metals. The most elevated summit is Chimbo-
razo ; and of those that have been recently
liable to eruptions the highest, is Cotopaxi,
which is the most elevated burning mountain
in the known world.
Andesage, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 10
NE. Agen.
Andetrium, now Clissa.
Andezeiow, or Dederzeiow, t. Poland, in Cra
cow ; 52 SSW. Cracow.
Andghe Burun, cape on N. coast of Natolia,
in the Black sea. Lon. 35.22. E. Lat. 41. 27. N.
Andian, t. Grand Bukharia ; 15 N. Vashgerd.-
Andicolta, t. Hind., Calicut ; 13 NE. Paniany.
Andjevan, see Angevan.
Andigiara, t. Grand Bukharia, on a river of
the same name; 110 E. Termed. 120 W. Ba-
dakshan. Andigiara, r. Grand Bukharia, which runs in.
to the Harrat, opposite Arhenz.
Andijaun, see Andegan.
Andijero, t. Persia, Farsistan, on the eoast of
the Persian Gulf. Lon. 51. 12. E. Lat. 28.28. N.
Andilla, t. Spain, in Valencia ; 18 from Ali
eant. Pop. 500.
Andlau, r. France, which rises near the town
so called, and runs into the 111, near Fegers*
heim, in Lower-Rhine.
Andlau, t. France, in Lower-Rhine, situated
on a mountain, and defended by a castle ; 8
NW. Schlettstatt, 18 SSW. Strasbu g. Lon. 7.
30. E. Lat. 48. 24. N. Pop. 2,484.
Ando, small isl. in the North Sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat. 68. 24. N.
Andoas, t. S. A., in Quito ; 80 E. Macas.
Andonaiisj see Sonus.
Andonidi, t. Africa, Calbari, on the river Sfc
Domingo. Lat. 4. 52. N.
Andony, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 4. 30. N.
Andora, t. Genoa ; 2 N. E. Oneglia.
Andorf t. Bav. ; 4 S. Marekt Erlbach.
Andorno, t. Piedmont, in tjie lordship of Ver-
celli. 15 NNE. Ivrea, 25 NW. Vercelli
Andorra, or Ajidorre, a fruitful valley, on the

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61

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border of Spain, included in Arriege, France,
and the arondisement of Foix. The village of
Andorra is 9 N. Urgel in Catalonia.
Andosilla, t. Spain, Navarre ; 6 Calahorra.
Andover, (East,) t. Oxford CO., Maine; 30
NW. Paris. Pop. 365.
Andover, t. Windsor co. Vt. ; 20 SW. Wind
sor. Pop. in 1810, 957; in 1820, 1,000.
Andover, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on W.
side of the Merrimack ; 21 NNW. Concord,
W. 525. Pop. in 1810, 1,259; in 1820, 1,642.
Andover, p-t. Essex co. Mass. ; 7 S. Haver
hill, 16 NW. Salem, 20 N. Boston, 20 WSW.
Newburyport, W. 456. Pop. in 1810, 3,164 ;
in 1820, 3,889 ; of the south parish, 2,476 ;
north, 1,413. It is situated on SE. side of the
Merrimack, and is also watered by the Shaw-
sheen. It contains 2 pleasant parishes. The
north parish contains a cotton and woollen
manufactory, a Congregational meeting-house,
and an academy, styled Franklin Academy.
The south parish contains cotton and woollen
manufactories, a paper-mill, a printing-office, a
Congregational meeting-house, a theological
seminary, andan academy, styled Phillips Acad
emy, which was founded in 1778 by the Hon.
Samuel Phillips of Andover, and the Hon.
John Phillips, ll. d. of Exeter, N. H. It is
It is one of the oldest, best endowed, and most
respectable institutions of the kind in the
United States. It has a principal, 3 assistants,
a teacher of sacred music, a teacher of penman
ship. The number of students is limited to
130, and is commonly full ; all pursuing the
study of the learned languages. The building,
which is an elegant brick edifice of 2 stories,
80 feet by 40, ranges with the buildings of the
theological seminary, about 40 rods distant.
The Theological Seminary was founded in
1807, and is very liberally endowed. It has a
pleasant, healthy, and elevated situation, which
commands a beautiful and extensive prospect.
The buildings consist of dwelling houses for 3
of the professors ; a steward's house, contain
ing a dining hall; and 3 public edifices of brick;
Phillips Hall, 90 feet by 40, of 4 stories, con
taining 32 rooms for students ; Bartlet Chapel,
94 feet by 40, containing a chapel, library, and
3 lecture rooms ; &nd Bartlet Hall, 104 feet by
40, of 4 stories, containing 32 suits of rooms
for students. . The library contains upwards of
5,000 volumes. There are 4 professors, the as
sociate professor of sacred literature, thel Ab
bot professor of christian theology, the Bart
let professor of sacred rhetoric, and the Brown
{irofessor of sacred rhetoric and ecclesiastical
listory. The number of students, in 1822,
was 120. The^vhole number educated from the
organization of the seminary to 1821, was 254.
The course of education is completed in 3
years, and accordingly the students are divided
into 3 classes, Junior, Middle, and Senior. As
a qualification for admission, the constitution
requires a liberal education, and testimonials of
good character and talents. Tuition and room
rent are afforded free of expense to all, and the
charity funds give support to such as are indi
gent. A public examination is held on the
4th Wednesday of September. There are 2
vacations of 6 weeks each ; one commencing

after the public examination ; the other on the*
first Thursday in May.
Andover, p-v. Tolland co. Connecticut; 19
E. Hartford, W. 358.
Andover, 1. Sussex co. N. J. ; 10 S. Newton,
18 NW. Morristown. It is famous for its iron
works. Andover, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 185.
Andover, t. Eng., in Hants, on the Anton ;
18 ENE. Salisbury, 65 W. London. Lon. 1. 28.
W. Lat. 51. 12. N. Pop. 3,295. It sends one
member to parliament ; and has a market on
Saturday. The neighbourhood was well known
to the Romans ; and near it they had a camp, ¦
on Quarry Hill, and another on Brehill, where
their sites may be traced, many of the trenches
not being filled up. It was by the Saxons call
ed Andeafaran.
Andouilli, t. France, in Mayenne, near the
river Ernee ; 6 N. Laval. Pop. 2,447.
Andoyaco, t. Peru, Lima ; 32 SE. Xauxa.
Andozero, t. Russia, in Olonetz ; 70 NW. Po-
venetz. Andozerskoi, t. Russia, in Olonetz ; 44 NNW.
Petrozavodsk. Andra Jerba, t. Bahar ; 6 N. Ramgur.
Andrache, t. Majorca; 10 W. Palma.
Andragiry, r. Sumatra, which gives name to
a kingdom or province, and runs into the sea
on E. coast. Lat. 0. 30. S.
Andragnintha, t. on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 47. 50. E. Lat. 23. 16. S.
Andrah, t. Bengal ; 12 NW. Ramgur.
Andrahan, t. on E. coast of Madagascar, in
Antongil Bay. Lon. 50. 25.. E. Lat. 15. 20. S,
Andrapa, now Kirshehr.
Andrarum, or Anderum, t. Sweden, in Scho-
nen ; it has alum-works ; 14 S. Christianstadt.
Lon. 14. 4. E. Lat. 55. 48. N.
Andraviri, or Gudaviri, t. on a river, in a
province of the same name in the middle of Su
matra. It has considerable trade in pepper and
gold. Andrea, t. Africa, in Upper-Guinea, about £
mile from the Mesurado, and 8 miles from its
mouth. It contains about 40 or 50 houses ; its
principal riches are palm wine and rice ; they
trade also in ivory and slaves.
Andreanofskie-ostrova, or Andrenovian Isles,
group of 6 or 7 of the Aleutian Isles.
Andreasburg, see St. Andreas Berg.
Andreevna, t. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav; 48
SSE. Eketerinoslav. Lon. 32. 14. E. Lat. 47.
50. N.
Andreewa, or Andre, or Endery, t. Russia, in
Caucasus, between the rivers Sulak and Axai.
H. 3,000. It contains an Armenian church and
2 synagogues, and is the residence of a chief.
Andreneh, or Androna, t. desert of Syria ; 30
SSE. Aleppo.
Andres, t. Natolia; 60 E. Angura.
Andretta, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra; 6
N. Conza. Pop. 4,049.
Andrevskaia, bay, on the coast of Siberia, in
the Frozen Ocean. Lon. 96. 14. E. Lat, 76.
20. N.
Andreio's Boy, bay in the Straits of Magellan,
on the coast of Patagonia ; 9 SW. Wood's Bay.
Andria, t. Naples, in Bari ; 5 WSW. Tranj.
Lon. 16. 20. E. Lat. 41. 16. N. Pop. 3,000. Bp.

ANE

62

ANG

see. It is situated in a valley, about 4 miles
from the coast of the Adriatic.
Andria, t. Daghestan ; 90 NNW. Derbend.
Anrinople, see Adrianople.
Anripoura, see Indrapour.
Andro, (an. Andres^) one of the most beauti
ful and fertile islands of the Greek Archipelago ;
and one of the Cyclades ;*24 miles long, and 6
broad. Sq. m. 116. Pop. 12,000 Greeks. It pro
duces oranges, citrons, grapes, olives, jujebs,
pomegranates, figs, &.c, but its principal riches
arise from silk. The island pays about 55,000
crowns a year to the Porte ; it is governed by
an Aga, who resides in the island. Besides An-
dro, the capital, there are 26 small towns and
villages. Lon. 24. 50. E. Lat. 37. 50. N.
Andro, the capital of the island so called on
E. coast. Lon. 25. 2. E. Lat. 37. 46. N.
Andro Vecchio, t. Andro ; 10 NW. Andro.
Androna, see Andreneh.
Androniga, t. Cyprus ; 16 N. Famagusta.
Andropolis, see Shabur.
Andros Islands, or Isles del Espirilu Santo,
range of Islands among the Bahamas, extend
ing about 80 miles from N. to S. Lon. 77. to
78. 15. W. Lat. 24. to 25. 20. N.
Androscoggin, or Ameriscoggin, r. which rises
from Umbogag Lake, N. H. It has a course of
about 40 miles in New Hampshire, and after a
course of about 100 miles in SW. part of Maine,
flows into the Kennebeck, which it joins 18
miles from the sea, at Merrymeeting Bay, 6
miles above Bath.
Androscoggin, (Little,) river, Maine, which
flows into the Androscoggin, in Poland.
Andrusa, t. Morea ; 20 NE. Navarin.
Andrussov, t. Russia, in Smolensk ; 12 S. Smo
lensk ; noted for a treaty made here in 1667,
between Russia and Poland.
Andugan, see Andegan.
Andujar, or Anduxar, (an. Illurgis, or Illitur-
gis, or Forum Julium,) t. or city, Spain, in
Jaen ; 21 NW. Jaen. Lon. 4. 0. W. Lat. 38. 2.
N. Pop. 9,000. It is situated in a plain, on the
Guadalquivir, over which is a bridge. It is
large and rich, defended with a castle, and
adorned with some beautiful churches and con
vents. The environs abound in wheat, wine,
oil, honey, divers sorts of fruit and game.
Anduloca, t. Bengal ; 10 N. Kishenagur.
Anduse, (an. Andusia,) t. France, Gard; 7
SW. Alais, 20 NW. Nismes. Pop. 5,019.
Andycole, t. Bengal ; 35 E. Dacca.
Aned, (Del,) t. Nubia; 45 S. Chiggre.
Anedour, t. Hind., in Madura; 20 W. Madura.
Anegada Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on the
coast of Patagonia, at the mouth of the Rio de
los Sauces. Lat. 44. 45. S.
Anegada, or Anagada, isl. West Indies, so
low as to be almost covered with the sea in
high tides. Lon. 64. 18. W. Lat. 18. 33. N.
Aneianum, now Legnono.
Aneio, t. Naples, in Otranto ; 8 SW. Brindisi.
Anemur, (an. Anemurium,) t. A. Turkey, in
Caramania, on a point- of land which projects
into the Mediterranean, opposite Cyprus; 120
S. Konieh. Lon. 32. 30. E. Lat. 36. 15. N.
Aneri, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 95 W. Meaco.
Anes, r. Canada, which runs into the St. Law
rence. Lon, 72. 20. W. Lat. 46. 27. N,

Anet, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, near the
Eure ; 8 NNE. Dreux. Pop. 1,571.
Anet, t. Switz., in Berne ; 17 WNVSt Berne.
Anfant, t. Persia ; 30 NW. Zareng.
Anfelden, t, Bavaria ; 12 NW. Anspach.
Anjiloquia, see Filoquia.
Anfo, t. Italy ; 20 NNE. Brescia.
Angad, barren desert, Algiers, 84 miles long,
and 54 wide, formerly W. part of the province
of Tremecen, in the road to Fez. There are a
, few villages inhabited by Arabs, the chief of
which are Guagida, Tenzegzet, and Zezil.
Angamally, t. Cochin ; 35 E. Cranganore.
Angamarca, t. Peru, in Lima ; 32 NE. Rio-
bamba. Angan, or Angar, or Hindsjam, small isl. in
the Persian Gulf. Lat. 26. 37. N. It is 12 miles
in circuit, uninhabited.
Anganeer, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 13 NW. Nas-
suck. ,
Angantole, t. Ceylon ;. 25 SE. Columbo.
Angara, r. Russia, which rises in the lake
Baikal, and runs into the Enisei, not far from
the town of Eniseisk.
Angara Verch, v. Siberia, which runs into the>
Baikal Lake, Lon. 108. 30. E. Lat. 55. 10. N.
Angara, t. Thibet ; 20 NNW. Dharmsaleh.
Angwraes, t. Peru, capital of a district, in the
bishopric of Guamanga ; 30 S. Guamanga. The
air is pure, and soil fertile. The inhabitants
raise a great number of cattle.
Angareja, or Angaziga, or Comoro, one of the-
Comora islands, in the Indian Seat, 210 miles
from the coast of Africa. Lon. 43. 20. E. Lat.
11. 40. S. It is inhabited by Moors, who traffic
with different parts of the continent, and sev
eral of the islands in the east, by means of their
fruits and other productions of the island, bar
tering them for calicoes and other cotton man
ufactures. Angarum, see Angerum.
Angasa, isl. in the Indian Sea, E. Madagas
car. Lon. 58. 10. E. Lat. 17. S.
Angaziga, see Angareja.
Angeac, t. France, in Charente ; 9 WSW.
Cagnac. Pop. 1,500.
Angediva, small isl. in the Indian Sea, near
the coast of Canara, much frequented by the
Portuguese in their early voyages for refitting
their vessels, and refreshing their crews. Al-
meyda built a strong fort ; 44 S. Goa. Lon. 73.
53. E. Lat. 14. 46. N.
Angeja, t. Portugal, Beira ; 12 NNE. Aveiro.
Angel, r. Westphalia, which rises near Alen,
and runs into the Ems, near Munster.
Angelana, t. Persia, Irak ; 25 N. Com.
Angeler, see Angler.
Angeles, (Los,) t. New Mexico, in New Na
varre ; 205 S. Casa Grande.
Angelica, p-t. and cap. Alleghany co. N. Y. ;
E. of the Genesee ; 40 W. Bath, 285 W. Alba
ny, W. 337. Pop. in 1810, 439 ; in 1820, 1,510.
Angelina, r. Mexico, runs into the Trinity.
Angell, r. N. Wales, which runs into the.
Douye. Angelniemi, t. Rus., Finland ; 21 ESE. Abo.
|Lon. 22. 44. E. Lat. 60. 19. N.
Angelos, see Puebla de los Angelos.
Angelos, (Los,) t. Chili ; 50 SE. Conception.
Angelos, (Los,) t. Paraguay ; 260 SE. As-
sumption. <

ANG

63

ANG

Angenila, small isl. at E. entrance of the
Straits of Sunda. Lon. 106. 38. E. Lat. 5. 48. S.
Angenweel, t. Hind., in Coman ; 80 S. Bom
bay. Anger, t. Stiria ; 12 NNE. Gratz. H. 80.
Anger, t. Austria; 8 S. St. Polten.
Angerap, i. Prussia, which rises in a lake
near Goldap, and joins the Inster, near Inster-
burg, to form the Pregel.
Angerbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Ha
vel, near Potsdam.
Angerburg, t. Prussia, [on a lake, to which it
gives name, in Bartenland, defended by a cas
tle ; 40 E. Heilsperg, 55 SE. Konigsberg. Lon.
21. 55. E. Lat. 54. 7. N. Pop. 2,397.
Angeree-Point, cape on N. coast of Java, at
the mouth of a river called Angeree. Lon. 105.
47. E. Lat. 6. 2. S.
Angermann, r. Sweden, which rises in the
Lappmark of Asele, on the borders of Norway,
and runs into the Gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17. 50.
E. Lat. 62. 38. N.
Angermannland, pr. Sweden, bounded N. by
Bothnia and Lapland, E. by the Gulf of Both
nia, S. by Medelpad, and W. by Jamptland,
and a small part of Norway ; it is full of moun
tains and forests; about 150 miles long, and
100 broad. Chief town, Hernosand.
Angermund, t. Courland ; 16 NE. Piltyn.
Angermund, t. Prussia, in the province of
Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in'Dusseldorf; 7N. Dussel-
dorf. Pop. 969.
Angermund, (New,) t. Prussia, in Branden
burg ; 18 S. Prenzlow, 40 N. Berlin. Lon. 14.
3. E. Lat. 53. 1. N. Pop. 2,322.
Angero, t. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 1 1
WNW. Salernoi
Angerort, t. Prussia, in the province of Juliers-
Cleves-Berg; 9 N. Dusseldorf. Pop. 460.
Angers, (an. Andes, Andecavi, and Julioma-
gus,) city, France, capital of Mayne-and-Loire,
on the Mayne; 1C£ posts- ENE. Nantes, 35
SW. Paris. Lon. 0. 28. W. Lat. 47. 28. N. Pop.
28,927. H. 5,409. Bp. see. Before the revolu
tion, it was the capital of Anjou. It contains 3
hospitals, 16 parish churches, besides a cathe
dral and several convents. A university was
founded in the year 1246, and an academy of
the belles lettres in 1685. An academy or uni
versity has been established here since the res
toration. Here are considerable manufactures
of handkerchiefs and sail cloth, and a valuable
slate quarry. The castle is built on a rock, and
flanked with 18 large towers. — Natives, Ber-
nier and Menage.
Angersee, t. Courland ; 32 E. Goldingen.
Angerso, t. Sweden, Helsingland ; 70 WNW.
Hudwickswall. Angerum, t. Hind., in Baramaul ; 23 N. Na-
macul. Angerville, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 10
S. Estampes, 43 S. Paris.
Angerville, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 7 NE.
Montivilliers. Angevan, or Andgevan, t. Persia, in Irak ; 60
SSE. Casbin.
Anghiera, country, Italy, bounded N. by
Swiss territories, E. by Milan proper, S. by
Vercelli and Novara, and by the valley of Aos
ta. It is a fertile country. A small part lying

east of Lago Maggiora now belongs to Milan,
the rest is annexed to the king of Sardinia's
dominions. Anghiera, t. Aust. Italy, in Milan, on E. side
of Lake Maggiora ; 30 NW. Milan. Lon. 8. 27.
E. Lat. 45. 38. N. Pop. 2,800.
Ahghiari, t. Lombardo-Venetian kingdom,
near the Adige ; 2 NW. Legnano. In March
1799, the French were defeated by the Austri-
ans, near this town.
Angira, t. Persia; 30 W. Schiras.
Angislri, isl. in the Gulf of Engia, On the
coast of Greece, about 7 miles in circ. Lon.
23. 22. E. Lat. 37. 41. N.
Angitola, r. Naples, which rises in Calabria
Ultra, and runs into the Gulf of Eufemia ; 8 N.
Monteleone. Lon. 16. 28. E. Lat. 38. 47. N.
Angla, t. Hind., Guzerat ; 27 S. Amedabad.
Anglade, t. France, in Gironde ; 20 N. Bour-
deaux. Pop. 1,500.
Angle, t. France, in Vendee ; 10 WSW. Lu
con. Pop. 840.
Angle, t. France, in Vienne, on the Creusej
20 E. Poitiers. Pop. 1,325.
Anglen, or Angelen, small country of Den
mark, in Sleswick, from 16 to 20 miles in
length, and little less in breadth ; situated be
tween Flensburg and Sleswick ; it belongs for
the most part to the duke of Sleswick-Gottorp-
Many authors suppose, that from the people of
this small countiy the English originated. Pop.
29,000. Sq. m. 300.
Angles, t. France, in Tarn ; 19 leagues W,
Montpellier. Pop. 2,444.
Angles, t. Spain, in Catalonia ; 9 WSW. Ge-
rona. Angles, t. France, Herault ; 9 WSW. St. Pons,
Anglesea, or Anglesey, (an. Mono, Man, or
Tir Man,) co. and isl. N. Wales, in the Irish
Sea, separated from the main land by a strait
or narrow channel, called The Menai. Angle-
sea is surrounded on every side by the Irish
Sea, except on the S. where it is divided from
the continent by what is sometimes called the
Strait, and sometimes the river Menai, Aqua
Mena, Men-au, in British the Narrow Water j
stretching from E. to W. the whole breadth of
the island, in some places deep, in others shal
low, and even fordable. It is 24 miles long and
17 broad, containing 4 market towns! and 74
parishes. Sq. m. 402. Pop. 37,045. Families
7,706 ; 5,376 engaged in agriculture. H. 7,183.
The surface is finely diversified ; the climate
mild, though rather misty ; the soil light, but
fertile ; the chief products, grain and cattle ;
of the former about 100,000 bushels are export
ed in favourable seasons. It is rich in minerals,
especially copper and lead ; also coal and mar
ble. It returns 2 members to parliament, one
for the shire, and another for Beaumaris, the
chief town.
Anglesola, t. Spain, in Catalonia; 10 WNW.
Cervera. Anglesqueville, t. France, in Lower-Seine ;
16 N. Rouen.
Anglet, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; cele
brated for its wine ; 2 S. Bayonne. H. 320.
Anglure, t. France, in Marne; 9 SSE. Se
zanne. Pop. 605.
Angoi, see Angoy.

ANG

64

ANG

fingol, or Ville-de-los Infantes, t. Chiiij on the
'Biobio ; 50 SE. Conception. Lon. 72. 37. W.
Lat. 37. 10. S.
Angola, formerly called Abonda, or Dongo,
•country, Western Africa, south of Congo : in
mercantile language it is more extensive, in
cluding all the coast from Cape Lopez Gonsal-
vo to St. Phelipe, about Lat. 1. to 12. S. The
principal object for which this coast is visited
is the trade in slaves, of which the number an
nually obtained is estimated at least at 40,000.
Loando, or St. Paul de Loando is the principal
-Portuguese establishment for obtaining negroes.
Angola, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 45 W. Ra-
chore. Angora, Angara, Ankara, Ankeri, or Enguri,
(an. Ancyra,) t. Natolia, on the rivulet Tabana;
¦212 ESE. Constantinople. Lon. 33. 18. E. Lat.
40. 4. N. Pop. stated from 40, to 100,0000; by
Hassel at 50,000; Malte-Brun, 80,000.— H.6,000.
Greek and Armenian abp. see. It stands in a
lofty and imposing situation, surrounded by
mountains, but also amidst numerous gardens,
abounding in excellent fruits. It is surrounded
with walls, and defended by a castle, situated
on a high and perpendicular rock, formerly
deemed impregnable. The climate is pleasant,
the city neat, the streets causewayed with
blocks of granite, and the inhabitants are ac
counted the most polished of Natolia ; about
i>,000 Christians, the rest Turks. It contains
numerous mosques, 7 Armenian, and 3 Greek
churches. The trade is less than formerly, yet great
^quantities of yarn, Angora stuffs, and shawls
are made here. The shawls are fabricated of
the hair of the Angora goat, which is of a long
silken texture. Each shawl costs the maker
about £25 sterling. These goats are raised ex
tensively in the neighbouring countiy; also
opium, honey, wax, he. — Ancyra was made the
metropolis of Galatia by Nero, and in the time
-of Caracalla, was called Antoniana.
Angordiah, t. Bengal ; 18 NE. Mahnudpour.
Angostura, t. New Grenada, on the Magda-
lena ; 140 N. Santa-Fe de Bogota.
Angostura, see St. Thomas.
Angoule, r. Syria, which runs into the lake
of Antioch, (sometimes called the lake of An
goule ;) 10 NNE. Antioch.
Angoul&me, (an. Inculisma,) city, France,
capital ofCharente; 17ipostsNNE. Bourdeaux,
58£ SSW. Paris. Lon. 1). 9. E. Lat. 45. 39. N.
Pop. 14,744. H. 2,100. Bp. see. It is situated on
arock, near the river Charente, poorly built, and
contains a hospital, a cathedral, a public libra-
Ty, and 12 churches. Before the revolution it
was the capital of Angoumois. The principal
articles of trade are paper, wines, brandy, and
salt. — Natives, Balzac and Ravaillac.
Angoumois, before the revolution, a county
of France, bounded E. by Lymosin and Marche,
N. by Poitou, W. by Saintonge, and S. by Pe-
rigord, from 45 to 50 miles in length, and about
45 or 46 broad. It now forms the greater part
of the department of Charente. Its principal
rivers are the Charente and the Touvre ; there
are many iron mines in the province, and the
ore is easily wrought ; the land is fertile in corn,
saffron, wine, and fruits.

Angoustrina, t. France, in Eastern-Pyrenees,
on the frontiers of Spain ; 4 NE. Puycerda, 8
W. Mont Louis.
Angbulchu, t. Thibet ; 10 S. Dharmsaleh.
Angoxa, cluster of small isl. in the Indian
Sea, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 16. 24. S.
Angoxa, r. Africa, which rises in the Mo
zambique, and runs into the Indian Sea, Lat.
16. 10. S.
Angoy, countiy, Africa, and formerly a
province of Congo, between Congo and the
river Zaire. It gained its independence by the
assistance of the Portuguese. The chief towns
are Angoy, the capital, which is both populous
and agreeable, Bomangoy, and Cabenda. The
people are savage, and the land little cultivated;
the coasts abound with fish, and the forests
with apes and other animals.
Angra, s-p. on S. side of Terceira, one of the
Azores, of which it is the capital, and the seat
of government of the Azores ; situated about
the middle way of the longest diameter, on the
edge of the sea, and at the bottom of the har
bour, formed by a point of land, called Monte
de Brazil. Lon. 27. 14. W. Lat. 38. 38. N.
Pop. 11,000. The town is well built and popu-
loas, and has 5 parishes, a cathedral, 4 monas
teries, and as many nunneries. It is surrounded
by a good wall and dry ditch, of great depth
and breadth, and defended by a strong castle,
rendered famous by the imprisonment of king
Alphonso, by his brother Peter, in the year
1668. The town derives its name from Angra,
a creek, bay, or station for shipping ; this bay
being the only convenient harbour in all the
Azores. The English, French, and Dutch have
each a consul residing here.
Angra,v. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
15 S. Cape St. John. Europeans find here
elephants' teeth, wax, and some slaves.
Angra dos Reyes, t. Brazil, at the bottom of a
large bay, to which it gives name ; 65 SW. Rio
Janeiro. Lon. 44. 11. W. Lat. 23. 4. S. It
contains 2 churches and a monastery. Its chief
trade is in the fisheries.
Angra dos Cavelos, bay, Atlantic, on the coast
of Africa. Lat. 24. 10. N.
Angra da Conceiso, bay, Atlantic, on the coast
of Africa. Lat. 25. S.
Angra de Falulo, bay, Atlantic, on the coast
of Africa, S. Cabo Roxo. Lat. 12. 10. N.
Angra Fria, r. Africa, which runs into the
Atlantic. Lat. 19. 10. S.
Angra de Gonzalo de Sintra, bay, Atlantic, on
W. coast of Africa. Lat. 22. 35. N.
Angra Grande, bay, Atlantic, on W. coast of
Africa. Lat. 27. 20. S.
Angra do Ilheo, bay, Atlantic, on W. coast of
Africa. Lat. 23. 28. S.
Angra dos Ilheos, bay, Atlantic, on W. coast
of Africa. Lat. 27. 35. S.
Angra dos Ilheos, small isl. near W. coast of
Africa. Lat. 27. S.
Angra de Negro, bay, on W. coast of Africa.
Lat. 14. 50. S.
Angra Pequend, bay, on W. coast of Africa.
Lon. 15. 16. E. Lat. 26. 30. S.
Angra dos Ruyvos, bay, on W. coast of Africa.
Lat. 24. 53. N.
Angra de St. Antonio, bay, on W. coast of
Africa. Lat. 21. 9. S.

ANG

65

ANG

Angra de Si. Maria, bay, on W. coast of
Africa. Lat. 12. 10. S.
Angra dos Voltas, bay, on W, coast of Africa.
Lat. 28. 35. S.
Angrab, r. Abyssinia, which runs into the
Tacaz6 ; 30 S. Sire.
Angrie, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 14
WNW. Angers. H. 230.
Angrogna, parish, Piedmont, watered by a
river, to which it gives name ; for the most
part mountainous, but producing excellent fruit,
particularly chestnuts. It is a valley surrounded
by immense mountains, to which access is only
by 2 passes ; and it afforded the last and most
secure retreat to the persecuted Waldenses. At
the village, called La Tour, the old barde or
valley preachers used to officiate, and fit youths
for the ministiy, before the reformation, without
obstruction. Angson, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 38. E. Lat. 63. 45. N.
Angstoo, t. Thibet ; 75 N. Jemlah. Lon. 81.
21. E. Lat. 31. 48. N.
Angucah, t. Abyssinia, on a river of the same
name; 50 E. Axum.
Angudar Key, see Cayo Grande.
Auguiano, t. Spain, Old Castile ; 7 S. Najara.
Anguilla, or Snake's Island, isl. West Indies,
above 30 miles in length, and 3 in breadth ; 60
N. St. Christopher's. Lon. 63. 8. W. Lat. 18.
12. N. It belongs to the English, who settled
here in 1650 ; and produces excellent tobacco,
maize, and some sugar. Pop. about 800. It
owes its name to its shape, and is the most
northerly of the Caribbees.
Anguilla, one of the Bahama islands, about
20 miles long, and 5 broad. Lon. 78. 50. W.
Lat. 23. 36. N. A great number of rocks and
islets lie to the NW. of the island, called the
Anguilla Bank, or Cayos de los Poques.
Anguillara, t. Aust. Italy, in Padua ; 6 NNE.
Rovigo, 16 S. Padua. Pop. 2,860.
Anguillara, t. Popedom, in the Patrimonio,
on a small river near the lake of Bracciano ;
12 NW. Rome.
Anguille Bay, bay, on W. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 59. 14. W. Lat. 47. 56. N.
Angulty, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 32 E. Sera.
Anguilliastra, small isl. in the Mediterranean,
about 5 or 6 miles circ, near E. coast of Sar
dinia. Lon. 9. 57. E. Lat. 40. 1. N.
Angunciada, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the
Ebro ; 8 N. Calzada.
Angura, see Angora.
Angus, or Forfar, co. Scot., bounded N. by
Aberdeenshire, NE. by Kincardineshire, E. by
the German Ocean, S. by the Tay, which divides
it from the county of Fife, and W. by the county
of Perth. It is 40 miles from N. to S., and 30
from E. to W. Sq. m. 977. Pop. 107,578.
Families, 24,750 ; 4,980 engaged in agriculture ;
13,616 in trade and manufactures ; 6,150 other
wise. This county and that of Kincardine were
anciently a part of the Pictish kingdom, and
known under the general name of Horestia or
Forestia. Angusshire contains five royal boroughs, viz.
Dundee, Arbroath, Montrose, Brechin, and
Forfar. It contains also 53 parishes, in many
of which a considerable quantity of cloth is
Vol. I, 9

made. The soil of the low country is various,
but generally fertile. Agriculture is much
attended to.
Angustura, see St. Thome.
Anhalt, duchy, Ger., in Upper Saxony, sur
rounded by the Prussian dominions, and inter
sected by the Elbe and Saale ; about 60 miles
long, and from 12 to 16 broad. It is possessed
by the heads of the three houses of Bernburg,
Dessau, and Cothen. A fourth line, that of
Zerbst, became extinct in 1793. These houses
are intimately allied.
Duchies. Pop. Sq.m. Chief towns.
Anhalt-Bernburg  37,195  339 \ JJX&.
Anhalt-Dessau  52,947  360 j Zerbst"
Anhalt-Cothen  32,454  318  Cothen.
Total  122,596 1,017
The country is level throughout, and though
in some places sandy, the soil is generally pro
ductive in corn, tobacco, and fruit ; and the
climate healthy. Cattle and wood form the
chief articles of export. The revenue amounts
to about 600,000 dollars. The religion of the
reigning princes, and of most of the inhabitants,
is Calvinism.
Anhembi,r.Braz\\, which runs into the Parana.
Anholl, or Aenholt, t. and castle, Pru. West
phalia, in Munster, capital of a lordship, be
longing to the house of Salm-Salm, on the Old
Issel ; 20 E. Nimeguen. Lon. 6. 28. E. Lat.
51. 54. N. Pop. 720.
Anholt, isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat, sur
rounded with sand banks, and dangerous to
seamen, for which reason there is a lighthouse
on it. Lon. of the lighthouse 11. 39. E. Lat.
56, 44. N.
Anja, lake, Little Bukharia, about 60 miles
in circumference ; 60 S. Hotein.
Anjala, t. Finland ; 78 ESE. Tavasthus.
Anion Straits, between NE. extremity of Asia,
and NW. extremity of America. See Beering's
Straits. Aniane, t. France, in Herault; 11 ESE. Lo-
deve, 13 WNW. Montpellier. Lon. 21. 15. E.
Lat. 43. 41. N. Pop. 1,810.
Anjaneer, t. Hind., in Baglana ; 10 NW.
Nassuck. Anjar, t. Syria, between Aleppo and Alexan
dretta. Anico, t. Aust. Italy, in Cremona ; 9 NW.
Cremona. Anieul, t. Hind., Mysore ; 18 S. Bangalore.
Anjecarry, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 23 ESE.
Chinna Balabarum.

see Angediva.
Anjenga, t. Hind., in Travancore, where the
English built a fort in 1695 ; 40 NW. Travan
core. Lon. 76. 40. E. Lat. 8. 40. N. It is
situated at the mouth of a river, but the water
is not deep enough for large vessels. The chief
trade is for pepper and cloths.
Anieres, t. France ; 3 NW. Paris.
Angier, t. Java, on N. coast, on a bay ; 78
W. Batavia. It is the rendezvous of the China
fleet.

ANN

6.0

ANN

Anikan, or Ingheniftan, t. Africa, on the Gold
Coast, where the English and Portuguese have
both a factoiy and a fort.
Animally, or Animalaya, t. Hind., in Coim-
betore ; 18 S. Coimbetore, 53 W. Daraporum.
Lon. 77. 3. E. Lat. 10.41. N. H. 400.
Animme, or Anime, t. Africa, in Morocco, at
the foot of the Atlas ; 39 E. Morocco.
Aninsk, v. with a large copper mine, Russia,
in Perm. H. 200.
Anio, now Teverone.
Anjoan, see Joanna.
Anioia, t. Naples ; 13 SE. Nocotera.
Anjoint, t. France, in Loire-and-Cher ; 8
SSE. Romorantin. H. 200.
Anjou, before the revolution, a province of
France ; 90 miles in length, and 60 in breadth ;
bounded N. by Maine, W. by Bretagne, S. by
Poitou, and E. by Touraine. The chief towns
were Angers, La Fleche, Chateau, Gontier,
Saumur, Bauge, Montreuil, Bellay, Brissac, he.
The productions of the land are wines, (chiefly
white,) wheat, rye, barley, oats, flax, hemp,
almonds, chestnuts, and most kinds of fruit. It
feeds a great number of oxen, cows, and sheep.
Coals are dug in several parishes. There are
quarries of marble and freestone, and the best
slate in the kingdom. The commerce of Anjou
consists principally in wine, brandy, grain,
cattle, cloth, stuffs, ironmongery, &c. The
central portion now forms the department of
the Maine-and-Loire ; the other small portions
belong to the departments of Lower-Loire,
Vendee, Indre-and-Loire, Sarthe, Ille-and-Vi-
laine, Mayenne, and Two-Sevres.
Anisi, (an. Abnicum,) t. Turkish Armenia, in
Kars ; 40 E. Kars, 40 W. Erivan.
Anisus, now Enns.
Aniva, or Tambaoura, bay on S. coast of
Saghalien. Lon. 144. 20. E. Lat. 46. 10. N.
Aniza, t. Arabia ; 200 NW. Jamama.
Anizy le Chdteau, t. France, in Aisne ; 8 NE.
Soissons, 10 SE. Ghauny.
Ankapilly, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 6 NE. Cos-
si mcotta. Ankapilly, t. Hind., in Rajamundry ; 20 W.
Rajamundry. Anker, r. Eng., which rises about 1| SW.
Hinkley, in Leicestershire, and joins the Tame
at Tamworth, in Warwickshire.
Ankerfield, t. Scot., in Rosshire ; 4 S. Tain.
Ankeveen, t. Holland, in Utrecht ; 2 SW.
Naerden. Anklam, see Anclam.
Ankober, t. Abyssinia, capital of the province
of Efat.
Ankun, t. Ger., in Anhalt, so near to Zerbst,
as to be called a suburb to that city.
Anlauter, r. Bavaria, which runs into the
Schwarzach, near Greding.
Anlezy, t. France, Nyevre ; 15 E. Nevers.
Anmantagoody, t. Hind., in Marawar ; 30 N.
Rainanadporum ; 60 S. Tanjore.
Ann Arundel, co. Md. ; bounded N. by Balti
more co., £. by Chesapeak bay, S. by Calvert
co., and SW. by Prince George and Montgomeiy
cos. Pop. in 1810,26,668; slaves, 11,693. Pop.
in 1820, 27,165. Chief town, Annapolis.
Ana Boor, p-v. Maury co., Ten. ; W. 782.
Anna, see Ana.

Anna, pi' Norlli-Anna, r. Virginia, which rise's
in the Green Mountains, and joining another
branch, called South-Anna, takes the name of
Pomunky ; Lon. 77. 35. W. Lat. 37. 53. N.
Annaberg, t. Aust; ; 4 E. Efferding. Pop. 630.
Annaberg, or St. Annaberg, t. Saxony, in
Erzgebirg ; 14 S. Chemnitz, 38 SW. Dresden.
Lon. 12, 58. E. Lat. 50. 30. N. Pop. 4,230. It
is situated on the Schreeberg mountain, on the
borders of Bohemia, which owes its rise to
some silver mines in the neighbourhood. The
ancient name was Schreckenberg, i. e. Frightful
Mountain. It contains a mine office, a gymna
sium, and an orphan house.
Annaboa, or Annabon, small isl. in the Atlan
tic, near the coast of Africa, well stocked with
cattle, and abounding in fruit ; the land lofty,
and generally covered with a mist ; 30 miles in
circ. It has a town containing about 100 houses.
The inhabitants are chiefly descendants from
Portuguese and Christian negroes. Lon. 5. 40.
E. Lat. 1. 32. S. Pop. 500.
Annaburg, (an. Lochau,) t. Pru. Saxony, in
Merseburg, on an island, formed by a branch of
the Black Elster ; 18 SE. Wittenberg, 45
NNW. Dresden. Lon. 13. 9. E. Lat. 51.46. N.
Pop. 1,400.
Annachuan, see Annagh Uan. '
Annagh, isl. on W. coast of Ireland, about 5
miles in circ, between the isle of Achil and the
main land of Mayo. Lon. 9. 39. W. Lat. 53.
58. N.
Annagh, small isl. Ireland, in Lough Conn, in
Mayo ; 8 from Killala.
Annagh Island, small peninsula, on W. coast
of Ireland, in Mayo. Lon. 9. 54. W. Lat. 54.
15. N.
Annagh Uan, or Annachuan, small isl. on SW.
coast of the county of Galway ; 22 W. Galway.
Lon. 9. 38. W. Lat. 53. 18. N.
Annamaboa, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast.
Lon. 1. 40.. W. Lat. 5. 16. N. This town for
merly contained 10, or 15,000 inhabitants, and
was one of the most flourishing on the coast,
and a great mart for the slave trade. The Eng
lish have a fort here.
Annamally, see Animally.
Annamooka, orRotterdam, one of the Friendly
Islands in the S. Pacific Ocean. It is of a tri
angular form, each side whereof is about 3 or 4
miles. A salt water lake in the middle of it
occupies not a little of its surface, and in a
manner cuts off the SE. angle. Round the
island, that is, from the NW. to the S., round by
the N. and E., lie scattered a number of small
isles, sand-banks, and breakers. These, together
with Middleburg, or Eaoowee, and Pylstart;
make a group, containing about 3 degrees- of
latitude, and 2 of longitude ; named by Capt.
Cook the Friendly Islands, or Archipelago, as
a firm alliance and friendship seemed to subsist
among their inhabitants ; and their courteous
behaviour to strangers entitled them to that
appellation. Lon. 174. 31. W. Lat. 20. 15. S.
Annan, (an. Trimontium,) t. Scot., Dumfries ;
14 SE. Dumfries, 56 S. Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 15.
W. Lat. 55. 0. N. Pop. 3,341. It is situated
on the left bank of a river of the same name,
near its entrance into the Solway Frith. It has
some trade in wine and corn ; vessels of 250

ANN

67

ANS

tons can sail within half a mile of the town,
and vessels of 60 tons can come up to the bridge.
Annan, r. Scot., which rises in N. part of
Dumfries ; 3 N. Moffat, and runs into Solway
Frith, 2 miles below Annan.
Annandale, district, Scot., in Dumfriesshire,
on both sides of the Annan. It is a marquisate
in the family of Johnstone. Limestone and
coals are found in considerable quantities.
Annapolis, formerly Severn, city and port of
entiy, Ann Arundel co. Md., on SW. side of the
Severn, 2 miles from its mouth ; 28 SSE. Balti
more, 40 ENE. Washington. Lon. 76. 43. W.
Lat. 39. 0. N. Pop. 2,260. It is the seat of the
state government, is a pleasant and healthy
town, and contains a spacious and elegant
state-house, a market-house, a theatre, a bank,
and 2 houses of public worship ; 1 for Episco-
palfans and 1 for Methodists. The streets con
verge to the state-house and to the Episcopal
church, as two centres. Two newspapers are
published here. The shipping owned here, in
1816, amounted to 2,553 tons.
St. John's College, a Roman Catholic institu
tion, incorporated in 1782, was for some years
in operation in this city ; but a few years ago,
it was deprived of its funds by the legislature.
The instruction has been discontinued.
Annapolis Royal, city and s-p. Nova-Scotia, on
E. side of thebayof Fundy ; 80 W. Halifax. Lon.
65. 50. W. Lat. 44. 47. N. The harbour is large,
safe, and commodious ; but the entrance is
narrow and difficult, through a strait, called
The Gut of Annapolis. In the middle of the
harbour there is an island, called Goat Island,
and every where found from 4 to 5 fathoms
water. The city, though not large, has some
handsome buildings, and is strongly fortified.
Annatom, one of the New Hebrides ; 30 SE.
Tanna. Lon. 170. 4. E. Lat. 20. 10. S.
Anne Goonvba, t. Thibet ; 5 S. Painom Jeung.
Annebaut, t. France, in Eure ; 6 SE. Pont
Audemer, 25 NNW. Evreux. Pop. 500.
Annecy, Savoy, capital of the Genevois ; 19
S. Geneva, 21 NNE. Chambery. Lon. 5. 57.
E. Lat. 45. 56. N. Pop. 5,130. It contains 2
churches, 10 convents, 2 hospitals, and a
college. It is finely situated on a lake, 11 miles
long, and 2J broad, to which it gives name, at
the mouth of the Sier.
Annecy, (Old,) decayed v. ; 1 J NE. Annecy.
Annery, tribe inhabiting the deserts SW.
Palmyra ; famous for their fine horses.
Annet, one of the smaller Scilly islands ;
about 1 W. St. Agnes island.
Annibi, now Allay Mountains.
Annimpig, see St. Ann.
Annitpour, t. Bengal ; 24 NNW. Kishenagur.
Annobon, see Annaboa.
Annonay, t. France, in Ardeche ; 12 NW.
Tournon, 11 N. Privas. Lon. 6. 50. E. Lat.
45. 15. N. Pop. 5,580. It is famous for the
manufacture of paper. — Natives, the two Mont-
golfiers. Annot, or Anal, t. France, in Lower-Alps ; 6
W, Entrevaux, 9 NE. Castellane. Lon. 6. 49.
E. Lat. 48. 57. N. Pop. 1,090.
Announah, t. Algiers, in the road from Con
stantina to Bona ; 32 E. Constantina.
Armsville, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va. W. 175. .

Annunmada Point, cape, on W. coast «f
Africa. Lat. 15. 30. S.
Anopsheer, or Anoopsheher,t. Hind., in Delhi,
on the Ganges, 50 ESE. Delhi. Lon. 78. 38. E.
Lat. 28. 20. N.
Anossi, country, in SE. part of Madagascar,
where Fort Dauphin is situated. The inhabitants
are in a low state of barbarism.
Anotla Bay, bay, on N. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76. 33.' W. Lat. 18. 19. N.
Anove, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 12 NE.
Toledo, 22 S. Madrid.
Anoupectoumiou, range of mountains, Asia,
dividing Aracan from Birmah.
Anpour, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 15 SSW.
Burhanpour. Anrodgurry, t. Hind., in Barramaul ; 35 SSE.
Darempoury. Ansa, or Alsa, i. which passes by Aquilea, in
Friuli, and runs into the Adriatic, between
Grado and Marano.
Ansauvillers, t. France, Oise ; 5 SSE. Bretuil.
Anse, t. France, in Rhone ; 12 N. Lyons.
Pop. 1,639.
Anse de Benaudet, bay of the Atlantic, on the
coast of France. Lon. 4. 2. W. Lat. 47. 51. N.
Anse de Dinant, bay of the Atlantic, on the
coast of France. Lon. 2. 29. W. Lat. 48. 15. N.
Anse de Plerel, bay of the English Channel,
on the coast of France. Lon. 2. 16. W. Lat.
48. 37. N.
Anse de St. Brieuc, bay of the English Chan
nel, on the coast of France. Lon. 2. 35. W.-
Lat. 48. 34. N.
Ansga, (an. Anzita, or Anzilene,) t. A. Turkey,
in Diarbekir ; 55 NNW. Diarbekir.
Anslo, see Chrisliania.
Ansa, see Rocca di Anso.
Ansogna, t. Italy, Cadora ; 2 S. Cadora.'
Anson, co. N. C, on the Yadkin. Pop. in 1810,
8,831 ; slaves, 2,325. Pop. in 1820, 12,534.
Chief town, Wadesborough.
Anson, p-t. Somerset co. Maine ; on W. side
of the Kennebeck ; 12 NW. Norridgewock,
206 NNE. Boston, W. 665. Pop. in 1810, 633 ;
in 1820, 948.
Anson's Bay, small bay, on W. coast of Nor
folk Island, with a sandy beach. The landing
is tolerably good in settled weather with a
smooth sea.
Anson's, or Lord Anson's Island, isl. in the P.
Ocean. This island is by Bougainville called"
Bouca. Lon. 154. 30. E. Lat. 5. 15. S.
Anspach, or Onolzbach, formerly a marquisate
or principality, Ger., in Franconia, bounded by
the principality of Bayreuth and the bishopric
of Bamberg and Wurzburg. The soil is sandy,'
but tolerably fertile, and produces considerable
quantities of corn and tobacco. There are
iron mines, and several medicinal springs.
Principal towns, Anspach, Schwabach, Roth,
Gunzenhausen, Wassertrudingen, Heilsbrun,
and Feuchtwang. Pop. 252,295. Sq. m. 1,800.
Anspach belongs to Bavaria, and by a division
made in 1810, was mostly included in the
circles of the Rezat and Upper Danube.
Anspach, city, Bav., formerly capital of the
marquisate, so called, but now of the circle of
the Rezat, on the Rezat ; 30 SW. Nuremberg.
Lon. 10. 33. E. Lat, 48. 12. N. Pop. 11,924.

ANT ,6S
_H. 1,016. It bontains a gymnasium, 2 hospitals,
and a castle, and has manufactures of woollen
and cotton cloths, earthen ware, white lead,
and playing cards. — Natives, Croneck, Block,
Stahl, and Utz.
Anslruther, s-p. and bor. Scot., on E. part of
Fife, towards the German sea ; 25 NNE. Edin
burgh. Lon. 2. 44. W. Lat. 56. 12. N. Pop.
4,265. It is divided by a small river into two
towns, Easter and Wester, both royal burghs ;
the harbour is capable of receiving only small
vessels. Ansly, t. Eng., in Leicester ; 4 SW Mount-
Sorrel. Pop. 747.
Anta, Hanta, or Anlen, canton or province,
Africa, about 30 miles in length. It is well
watered, and produces excellent rice, maize,
sugar-canes, oil and palm wine, pine apples,
oranges, and lemons. Elephants are numerous ;
and among reptiles, are serpents of an enormous
size. Lon. 2. to 3. W. Lat. about 4. 40. N.
Antab, or Ainlab, (an. Anliochia ad Taurum,)
t. Syria ; 40 N. Aleppo, 130 SW. Diarberkir.
Lon. 37. 25. E. Lat. 36. 25. N. This town is
situated on 2 hills and the valley between them,
and is about 3 miles in circ. ; the small river
Sejour runs by the town, and is conveyed to
the higher parts of it by aqueducts, carried
round the hills which branch out from the river
above the town ; there are many fine springs
that rise about this place. — The air of Antab is
esteemed to be very good ; the people live
mostly ori4he hills, and have their shops in
the valley ; these being built at the foot of the
hills, and having flat roofs, one insensibly
descends upon them, and the covered streets
which lie between them ; so that it surprises
any one, when he supposes he is walking on
the ground, to look down through holes, which
give light to the streets beneath, and see people
walking under his feet. The trade of the town
is in coarse calicoes, woollens, leather, and
hides. The Mahometans have 5 principal
mosques. The Christians are all of the
Armenian communion, and have a church.
Antceopolis, ancient city, Egypt, capital of
Thebaid. The rains of its magnificent temple
still remain ; now Thau-il-Kubbara, or Gaw el
Kebir. Antakia, see Antioch.
Antalia, see Satalia.
Antalo, t. Abyssinia, capital of the district of
Enderta ; 67 SE. Adowa. Pop. about 10,000.
It contains about 1,000 houses, all, except that
of the ras, or chief, mere hovels of mud and straw.
Antandro, (an. Antandros, or Assos,) t. A.
Turkey, in Natolia, in the gulf of Adramitti ;
12 WNW. Adramitti.
Antapa, t. Syria, near Aleppo, taken by
Timur Bee in 1400.
Antaradus, now Tortosa.
Antaralik Fiord, bay on W. coast of West-
Greenland. Lon. 49. 45. W. Lat. 64. 40. N.
Ante, (L',) r. France, which runs into the
Dive at Colliboeuf, in Calvados.
Anlegnaio, t. Italy ; 4 WNW. Brescia.
Antequera, (an. Singilia,) city, Spain, in
Grenada ; 26 NNW. Malaga, 54 W. Grenada.
Lon. 4. 47. W. Lat. 37. 6. N. Pop. about 14,000.
It is divided into parts or quarters, one of which

ANT

is situated on a hill much above the rest, where
are the castle and the houses of the nobility ;
in the neighbourhood are quarries of excellent
stone for building, and great quantities of
natural. salt. The city has considerable manu
factures of baize, and the vicinity produces
considerable quantities of oil and sweet wine.
Antequera, see Quaxaco.
Anter, t. Arabian Irak ; 8 SSW. Korna.
Anterly, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 10 S. Burhan-
pour. Antery, t. Hind., in Agra. Lon. 78. 17. E.
Lat. 26. 10. N. It is a walled town of consid
erable size.
Antesana, mt. S. America; 30 SE. Quito.
Lon. 79. 45. E. Lat. 0. 30. S. It is a summit
of the Andes; 19,150 feet in height. In 1802
Humboldt attempted to ascend this mountain,
and reached the height of 2,773 toises, where,
in consequence of the rarity of the air, the
blood streamed from different parts of his face,
and all his company experienced extreme
weakness. Antesana, hamlet, Quito, in the Andes, ele
vated, according to Humboldt, 3,800 feet above"
the plains of Quito ; 13,500 above the level of
the sea ; and is the highest inhabited spot on
the surface of the globe.
Anthemusias, now Sharmalik.
Anthon, see Villette d'Anlhon.
Anthony Cave's Island, isl. in the Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 152. 50. E. Lat. 3. 10. S.
Anthony's or St. Anthony's Nose, promontory
in N. Y., E. of the Hudson ; 1,128 feet high ; 52
N. New York, 6 S. West Point.. It is 877 feet
above the river.
Anthony's Kill, r. N. Y., which rises in Balls-
ton, and runs into the Hudson, 8 N. Waterford.
Antibes, (an. Antipolis,) s-p. France, in Var,
and chief place of a canton, in the district of
Grasse ; 4 posts SW. Nice, 122 SSE. Paris.
Lon. 7. 8. E. Lat. 43. 35. N. Pop. 5,270. The
harbour is capable of receiving only small vessels'.
Anlicosti, uninhabited isl. N. A., in the mouth
of the St. Lawrence, about 130 miles in length
from E. to W., and in the middle, where widest,
about 20 ; the soil is sandy, and in general
barren. In 1809 two persons were appointed
by the government of Great Britain to reside
upon the island at two different stations all the
year, who are furnished with supplies of provi
sions for such as may be^iast upon these deso
late shores. Lon. 61. 30. to 64. 2. W. Lat. 49.
10. to 49. 53. N.
Anticyra, now Aspro-Spitia. It was remark
able for producing ellebore.
Antietam, i . America, which rises in Pa., and
runs into the Potowmac ; 3J SSE. Shepherds-
town. Antigareeah, small isl. in E. Indian sea, near
the coast of Concan ; 30 N. Gheriah. Lon. 72.
58. E. Lat. 17. 10. N.
Antignana, or Antinjana, t. Istria ; 3 NNW.
Pedena. Pop. 1,199.
Antigny, t. Switz., Friburg ; 8 SW. Friburg.
Antigone, or Antigonia, one of the Prince's
islands, in the sea of Marmora. Lon. 28. 54.
E. Lat. 40. 53. N.
Antigonia, now Argiro Castro, and Antioch.
Antigua, isl. West-Indies,. 21 miles long, and

ANT

69

ANT

nearly the same in breadth, upwards of 50 in
circ, and contains 59,838 acres of ground, of
which 34*000 are appropriated to the growth
of sugar, and pasturage annexed ; its other
principal commodities are cotton, wool, and
tobacco. Pop. in 1817,2,102 whites, exclusive
of troops; 1,747 free people of colour, and
31,452 slaves. Official value of exports in 1809,
£216,000 ; imports, £198,000. Antigua is di
vided into 6 parishes, and 11 districts; and
contains 6 towns and villages, St. John's, (the
capital,) Parham, Falmouth, Willoughby-Bay,
Old Road, and James-Fort ; of which the two
first are legal ports of entry. No island in this
part of- the West-Indies can boast of so many
excellent harbours. Of these, the principal are
English Harbour and St. John's, both well
fortified ;,and at the former, the British govern
ment has established a royal navy-yard and
arsenal, and conveniences for careening ships
of war. — Here are 12 missionaries, 7 supported
by the Moravians, 4 by the Methodists, and 1
by the Church missionary society ; their efforts
have been attended with success, and by, late
returns, there were 1,400 children in their
schools. Lon. 61. 48. W. Lat. 17. 5. N.
Antilibanus, mountains, Asia, E. of Libanus.
They are in fact a continuation of the same
chain. Antilles, name given by some geographers to
some of the West-India islands ; but in the
application they are not agreed, nor in the
meaning of the word ; being by some applied
to the Caribbean islands ; by others divided
into the Greater Antilles, comprehending under
this name, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and
Porto Rico ; and the Less, comprehending
Aruba, Curacoa, Bonair, Margaretta, and some
others near the coast of S. America. See West
Indies. Antillon, t. Spain, in Navarre ; 15 Balbastro.
Antimilo, or Remomilo, small isl. in the
Grecian Archipelago ; 15 NW. Milo. Lon. 24.
.25. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Antinoe, or Antinopolis, now Enseni, and
.Shek Abide.
Antioch, or Antakia, (an. Antigonia, and
Antiochia, and Theopolis, and Seleucis, and
Epiphane, and Reblata,) t. Syria ; 50 W. Aleppo.
Lon. 36. 18. E. Lat. 36. 6. N. Pop. stated at
15,000 Mahometans, 3,000 Christians, and 150
Jews. Antioch is remarkable for its extraordinary
situation, as well as for having been one of the
most considerable cities of the east. It was the
residence of the Macedonian kings of Syria for
several hundred years ; and afterwards of the
Roman governors of that province, so that it
was called the queen of the east, and was, at
one time, the third city in the world for splen
dour and population. It is also remarkable in
ecclesiastical history, for being the see of the
great patriarchate of the east, in which St.Peter
first sat ; it was here that Paul and Barnabas
separated for the work of the gospel, the latter
embarking for Cyprus. It is often mentioned
in the Acts of the Apostles ; and here the dis
ciples of Christ first obtained the name of
Christians ; so that it was called the eye of the
eastern church. It Is now the see of a Greek
patriarch,

This city, anciently renowned for the luxury
of the inhabitants, is now no more than a ru
inous town ; whose houses, built with mud and
straw, and narrow and miry streets, exhibit
every appearance of misery and wretchedness.
These houses are situated on S. bank of the
Orontes, at the extremity of an old decayed
bridge. Notwithstanding the unpolished manner of its
present inhabitants, Antioch is better calculat
ed than Aleppo to be the emporium of Euro
peans. By clearing the mouth of the Orontes,
which is 18 miles lower down, boats might be
towed up the river, though they could not sail
up; the current being too rapid. About 9 miles
from the city is a large lake, which abounds
with fish, especially eels. — Native, St. Chrysos-
tom. Antioche, (Pertuis de,) channel in the Atlan
tic, near the coast of France, between the isl
and of Re, and the island of Aix.
Antiochetta, (an. Antiochia,) t. A. Turkey, on
the sea-coast of Caramania ; 55 WSW. Selefke,
88 S. Cogni. Lon. 32. 20. E. Lat. 36. 6. N.
Antiochia Mceandri, now Jednishehr.
Antiochia ad Pisidiam, now Akshehr.
Antioquia, t. S. A. and capital of a province
in New-Grenada, on the river St. Martha ; 170
N. Santa Fe de Bogota. Lon. 74. 30. W. Lat.
6. 50. N. This province is highly celebrated for
its gold mines.
Antioquia, t. S. A. in Choco ; 30 NW. Santa
Fe de Antioquia.
Antiparos, (an. Oliaros,) one of the Greek
islands in the Archipelago, about 16 miles in
circ. ; 4 W. Paros. Lon. 25. 13. E. Lat. 37. 2,
N. In it is a remarkable grotto, much admired
and spoken of by travellers, and by some pro
duced in evidence of the vegetation of stones.
The grotto is 1000 feet long, 300 broad, and at
the deepest part 254 below the surface of the
earth. Its sides are covered with beautiful
crystallized marble, and present, when proper
ly lighted up, a scene of the greatest magnifi
cence and splendour. — Of the island, cotton and
wine are the chief products.
Antipatris, or Caphar-Salma, t. Samaria; 6
SE. Apollonia.
Antipaxo, or Antipaxu, or Antipacksu, small
isl. in the Ionian sea ; 3 S. Paxo. It belongs to
the republic of the Seven Islands.
Antipino, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the Volga^
100 S. Saratov.
Anlipolis, now Antibes.
Antipsera, small isl. in the Grecian Archipela
go ; 2 miles from the island of Ipsera. Lon. 25.
33. E. Lat. 38. 42. N.
Anlis, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 757.
Aniisana, see Antesana.
Antissa, s-p. on W. shore of Lesbos.
Antitaurus, mt. A. Turkey, being a continua
tion of Mount Taurus, extending to the Eu
phrates. Antivari, or Bar, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania ;
8 NW. Dulcigno, 38 SE. Ragusa. Lon. 18. 51.
E. Lat. 42. 25. N. Pop. 7,000. Cath. abp.. see.
It is strong, but thinly inhabited. '
Antium, ancient capital of the Volsci ; see
Nettuno. Anllestorf, \. Austria ; 6 E. Entzertstorfjf.

ANT

70

ANW

Antoing,t.Neih. in Hainaut, near the Scheldt ;
4E.Tournay. Pop. 1,600.
Anton, or Test, r. Eng., which rises about 10
N. Andover, and being in its course increased
by several streams, expands at Redbridge, and
takes the name of Southampton water, till it
joins the Channel at Spithead.
Antonew, t. Russia, Minsk ; 16 SSE. Mozyr.
Antongil Bay, on E. side of Madagascar.
Lon. 53. 29. E. Lat. 15. 27. S.
Antongory, t. Hind., in Berar ; 20 W. Mahur.
Antonienberg, one of the highest parts of the
Swiss Alps, in the Valais.
Antonne, t. France, in Dordoghe, on the Ille ;
5 E. Periguex.
Antonew, t. Rus., Minsk ; 16 SSE. Mozyr.
Antony, t. France, in Seine ; 6 S. Paris. Pop.
1,220. Antounagan, i. N. America, which runs into
Lake Superior, on S. side. Lon. 89. 45. W.
Lat. 46. 22. N.
Antraigne, t. France, Ardeche ; 10 W. Privas.
Antrain, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 12
SE. Dol. 21 NNE. Rennes. Pop. 1,375.
Antrim, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 21 NW.
Amherst, 30 WSW. Concord, 75 W. Portsmouth,
W. 469. Pop. in 1810, 1,277; in 1820, 1,330.
Antrim, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 4,120. It
is watered by the Conecocheaguc, and borders
on Maryland.
Antrim, maritime county, Ireland, in Ulster ;
bounded N. and E. by the sea, S. by Down,
and W. by Londonderry ; 45 m. in length from
N. to S., and 24 from E. to W. The principal
towns are Belfast, Carrickfergus, Antrim, Lis-
burn, Ballymena, and Ballymoney. Pop. 240,000.
Five members are returned to the imperial par
liament, viz. two for the county, and for Bel
fast, Lisburn, and Carrickfergus, one each.
Antrim, t. Ireland, in the county of the same
name ; 12 NW. Belfast, 43 SE. Londonderry,
84 N. Dublin. Lon. 6. 6. W. Lat. 54. 43. N.
Pop. 2,183. It is situated NE. Lough Neagh,
from whence is a communication to the sea
northward by the Bann, and eastward by the
river called Six mile Water, and southward by
the Newry Canal. It is a place of some trade,
and a corporation.
Antrodocco, v. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, not
far from Civita Ducale.
Antrologo, t. Naples, in Basilicata; 11 NE.
Venosa. Antros, small isl. on the coast of France, at
the mouth of the Garonne, on which the tower
of Cordovan is built. Lon. 1.0. W. Lat. 45. 38. N.
Antrum, mt. Switz., in the Valais, a part of
the Alps, which may be passed from the Valais
into the Milanese.
Anlsha, t. Turkish Armenia, in Erzerum ; 25
NNE. Ispira.
Antsianacs, people, inhabiting a fertile dis
trict in the interior of Madagascar, not far from
the bay of Antorgil.
Anlully, t. France, in SaOne-and- Loire ; 5 S.
Autun. Antunnacum, now Andernach.
Antura, v. Syria, on Mount Libanus, amidst
a grove of mulberry trees.
Antwerp, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; 20 NE.
Watertown, 40 SW. Ogdensburgb, 80 N. Utica.

160 NW. Albany. Lat. 44, 15. N. Pop. in 1810,
350 ; in 1820, 1,319. It is a good township of
land, watered by Indian and Oswegatchie riv
ers, and contains 2 thriving little post villages,
Antwerp and Oxbow.
Antwerp, Anvers, or Amberes, city, Neth., cap
ital of a province of the same name, on E. side
of Scheldt; 25 N. Brussels, 28 ENE. Ghent.
Lon. 4. 24. E. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop. in 1806,
59,035. H. 10,000. Pop. in 1817, 61,800. Bp.
see. It is situated in a large plain, on the
Scheldt, which is here 1,600 feet broad, and of
great depth. The harbour is deep and commo
dious, capable of containing 1,000 vessels ; and
by means of numerous canals these vessels can
penetrate into the very heart of the town, and
there deposit their cargoes. The harbour was
enlarged by order of Bonaparte, and extensive
dockyards, naval store houses, and a magnifi
cent quay were constructed. The exchange is
one of the finest in Europe.
It is a large well built town with streets wide
and straight, and has a strong citadel with reg
ular fortifications, a cathedral, very magnifi
cent with a remarkably elegant tower 466 feet
high ; 5 very large parish churches ; an acade
my of sciences, one of painting, a school of
medicine and surgery, and other institutions.
The stadt-house is an elegant building, and the
depot, called the warehouse of the Baltic, is an
edifice of vast dimensions. The inhabitants
are employed in commerce, in jewellery, su
gar refining, linen bleaching, and in manufac
turing cotton, lace, and carpets.
Antwerp was in the 16th century the great
est place of trade in Europe ; and is said to
have contained 200,000 inhabitants. The value
of merchandise imported in the year 1550, the
epoch of its greatest prosperity, is said to have
amounted to 133 millions of gold ; and it was
common to see 2,000 vessels at once in its port.
Its commerce afterwards declined, till 1648
when it was effectually suspended, and the
navigation of the Scheldt was closed by a stip
ulation in the treaty of Westphalia. Since the
river has been opened, the trade has revived,
and is now extensive. — Natives, Vandyck, Te-
niers, Seghers, Crayer, Floris, Brill, Ortehus,
and Vorsterman. — The province of Antwerp is
formed of the central part of the late duchy of
Brabant. Pop. 249,376. Sq. m. 1,091,
Anue, t. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 73 NE. Kariataln.
Anversa, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 4 W.
Sulmona. Anui Bolsche, r. Russia, which runs into the
Kolima ; 24 E. Niznei Novimskoi.
Anui Sachoi, r. Russia, which runs into the
Kolima, 27 E. Niznei Novimskoi.
Anvil Island, isl. in the Gulf of Georgia, on
W. coast N. A. Lon. of the east point 237. 3.E.
Lat. 49. 30. N.
Anville, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. ; about 55 WNW.
Philadelphia, W. 130.
Anuiskaia, fortress, Russia; 50 WNW. Biisk.
Lon. 83. 14. E. Lat. 52. N.
Anundpour, t. Hind., Guzerat, 48 NE. Junagur.
Anweiler, t. Ger., on the Queich, formerlybe-
longing to the duchy of Deux Points, but now
belonging to Bavaria, in province of the Rhine ;
8 W. Landau. Lon. 8. E. Lat. 49. 13. n p00
1,841. r

AOS

71

APE

' Anxerma, t. S. A. in Popayan, on tl.e river
Cauca; 160 N. Popayan. Lon. 75. 10, W. Lat.
4. 54. N.
Anxi, (an. Anxia,) t. Naples, in Bisilicata; 8
SE, Potenza.
Anxur, now Terracina.
Anyocheca, r. N. Y. in Genesee co. which
runs N. 20 miles into Lake Ontario.
Ansa, r. Italy, which runs into the Tosa, near
Ugogna. Anzarba, (an. Anazarba, and Ccesarea Augus
ta,) t. A. Turkey, in Adana ; 30 NE. Adana, 30
WSW. Marasch. Lon. 35, 45. E. Lat. 37.4. N. It
is the see of a bishop. In 1 130, a battle was
fought near this town in a plain called Pralum
Palliorum, between the Christians and the Sar
acens. Anzergelti, or Ouslowrgeti, t. Guriel, near the
centre of the country, and called the capital ;
76 SW. Cotatis. Lon. 41. 40. E. Lat. 41. 45. N.
Anzerpach, r. Austria, which runs into the
Danube, 2 miles below Tulln.
Anzio, or Antis, a promontory, Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, near Nettuno. The ruins of
the ancient Antium cover a considerable space
in the neighbourhood.
Anzita, or Anzitene, now Ansga.
Anziko, or Micoco, country, Africa, divided
from Congo by the river Zaire. The people1
are described as the eaters of human flesh,
which they publicly expose in their shambles
for sale.
Anzuki, or Anzuquiama, strong t. Japan, in
Niphon, on E. coast of the Lake of Meaco; 80
NE. Meaco.
Anzuclos, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Spanish Main, Lon. 32. 50. W. Lat. 10. 5. N.
Anzy le Due, t. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ;
4 N. Marcigny. Pop. 738.
Aoays, or Aoyz, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the
Yrate; 10 NW. Sanguesa, 12 E. Pamplona.
Aochara, t. Africa, in Algiers, between Tenez
and Sercelles.
Aodor, i. Fez, which runs into Saboe ; 20 E.
Mamora. Aoonah, t. Africa, on the Slave coast. Lon.
0. 5. W. Lat. 0. 56. N.
Aor, small isl. off the east coast of Malacca.
Lon. 104. 35. E. Lat. 22. 5. N. Ships bound
from China to the Straits of Malacca generally
anchor here.
Aornos, fortified rock, India, in Bijore ; one
and a half mile high, and 25 in circ.
Aosta, (an. Augusta Pretoria, Augusta Sallis-
siarum, Cordelia and Ostium,) city, Piedmont,
capital of a province of the same name ; 25
NW. Ivrea, 50 NNW. Turin. Lon. 7. 17. E.
Lat. 45. 38. N. Pop. 5,553. Bp. see. It is situ
ated at the foot of the Pennine and Greek Alps,
which join in this place in a valley, to which
it gives name, on the Grand Doria ; the valley
is about 30 miles in length, and fertile in pas
turage and fruit. The town is surrounded with
a wall, which is much decayed. There are
several vestiges of Roman grandeur, such as
the remains of an amphitheatre ; a triumphal
arch, erected to the honour of Augustus Ca;Sar,
he. — Native, Abp. Anselm.
Aosta, t. Syria, near the sea ; 35 S. Tripoli ;
the residence of a Maronite patriarch-

Aosie, or Aouste, t. France, in Dr6me, situat
ed on the Drome ; 2 SE. Crest, 15 S. Valence'.
Pop. 1,200.
Aouakel, small isl. in the Red Sea, near the
coast of Abyssina. Lat. 16. 14. N.
Aous, now Lao.
Aoutos, t. Eu. Turkey, Romania ; 44 WNW.
Burgas. Aouz, t. Arabia Petraea, near the Red Sea;
95 S. Calaat el Moilah.
Aoyga, t. Spain, in Navarre ; 10 NW. Parn-
peluna. Apaches, see St. Paul's.
Apachestonlos, Indians, in W. part of Mexico-
E. the Colorado.
Apakookit, t. Hind., Queda ; 5 SE. Alestar.
Apalachia Bay, a large bay in tl.e gulf of
Mexico. Lon. 84. 30. W. Lat. 29. 50. N.
Apalachia, see St. Mark.
Apalachia, t. E. Florida, near the entrance of
a river of the same name into Apalachia bay ;
130 E. Fensacola. Lon. 84. 28. W. Lat. 29.
43. N.
Apalaehicola, see Appalachicola.
Apalachiacola, t. on the river so called, in
East-Florida ; 100 NE. Pensacola.
Apam, or Apang, V. Africa, in Akron, on the
Gold Coast, where the Dutch built a fort, prin
cipally inhabited by fishermen. The situation
is said to be convenient for commerce.
Apamea, see Aphiom-Kara-hissar, Apamis, Fa-
mia, and Corna.
Apamis, (an. Apamea,) t. A. Turkey, in Nato
lia, on the Mindra; 100 W. Eskihissar. The-
see of a Greek bishop.
Apanormia, or Apanoremia, cape and t. on
NW. coast of Santorin ; 6 NNW. Scaro. Lon.
25. 24. E. Lat. 36. 38. N.
Apari, t. on N. coast of Lucon. Lon. 121. 44,
E. Lat. 18. 29. N.
Aparu, r. Brazil, which runs into the Parana,
Apassi, l. Circassia, which runs into the Cu
ban, 75 E. Taman.
Apalhin, t. Hungary, on the Danube, in the
circle of Bodrog. Lon. 18. 53. E. Lat. 45. 40.
N. Pop. 3,360.
Apasso, t. Mexico ; 42 N. Mexico.
Apatchin, t. Kamtchatka, on the Avatcha;
27 W. Avatcha.
Apcheron, see Apsheron.
Apchon, t. France, in Cantal ; 12 N. St. Flour,
Pop. 680.
Ape, small isl. in the Persian Gulf; 9 W,
Bender Rigk.
Apee, one of the new Hebrides, about 60
miles in circumference, in S. P. Ocean. Lon.
168. 31. E. Lat. 16. 45. S.
Apelbo, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia. Lon. IS,
56. E. Lat. 60. 28. N.
Apelche, or Apelscebuel, t. Holland, in Freis-
land ; 36 S. Lewarden.
Apenburg, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg ; 9 SSE.
Salzwedel, 22 W. Stendal. Lon. 12. 23. E. Lat.
52. 40. N. Pop'. 498.
Apennines, chain of mountains, Italy, extend
ing from the Alps in Genoa through Italy, tra
versing the whole peninsula nearly in the cen
tre. The range has different names in different
parts, on the confines of Nice, Monte Acuto, in
Genoa, Monte Semola, and Monte Bergera,

APO

APP

he. Many of these mountains are volcanoes,
either extinct or suspended ; they are less ele
vated than the Alps, being covered with trees
to the very tops; and it is from one part or
other of them that almost all the rivers of Italy
take their rise. The most elevated summits
are in Abruzzo ; Gran Sasso, the highest peak,
8,791, and Velino, 8,397 feet high.
Apennines, late dep. Italy, formed of a part of
the duchy of Modena.
Apenrade, or Abenrade, s-p. Denmark, in Sles
wick, at the bottom of a bay, surrounded with
hills, which form a good harbour, deep, and
secure.. The inhabitants are much employed
in fishing ; it is besides a place of considerable
trade. Lon. 9. 27. E. Lat. 55. 3. N. Pop. 3,000.
Apfelslat, r. Thuringia, which runs into the
Gera, 5 S. Erfurt.
Aphaca, see Delehameit.
Aphetee, now Fetio.
Aphiom Kara-hissar, or Kara-hissar, (an.
Apamea, and Prymnesia,) t. Natolia, on the
Mindra ; 56 S. Kiutaja, 162 E. Smyrna. Lon.
30. 26. E. Lat. 38. 21. N. Pop. 60,000. H.
10,000. It contains 10 mosques and 2 Arme
nian churches. It is about 3 miles in circ, and
built at the foot of some mountains round a
high rock, on the top of which is a fortress. It
is a great thorough-fare, a place of considerable
trade, and the residence of a pacha. The prin
cipal manufacture is that of carpets.
Aphrodisias, now Geira.
Aphroditopolis, now Atfieh, and Itfu.
Aphrone, mt. Algiers ; 18 W. Boujeiah.
Apiao, small isl. in the S. Pacific Ocean, near
4he coast of Chili. Lat. 44. 5. S.
Apice, t. Naples in the Principato Citra ; 7
ESE. Benevento. Pop. 3,184.
Apidano, or Salampria, (an. Apidanus,) r. E.
Turkey, which runs into the Peneus, 20 W. La-
rissa. Apis, t. Lybia, near Parajtonium.
Aploga, district, Whidah, on the Slave Coast,
in Africa, where a regular market is held for
slaves, cows, sheep, goats, birds, apes, cloth,
cotton, calicoes, silk, stuffs, china, mercury,
gold in dust and ingots, Sic
Apo, one of the smaller Philippine islands, be
tween Mindora, and the Calamianes. Lon. 123.
10. E. Lat. 9. 23. N.
Apo Shoals, in the E. Indian Sea, between
Mindora and the Calamianes. About 28 m. in
length from N. to S. and 8 in breadth. Lon.
120. 36. E. Lat. 12. 27. N.
Apocopa, see Bandel d' Agoa, and Cape Baxos.
Apolda, or Apolleda, t. Ger., in Weimar ; 4
Jena, 8 NE. Weimar, 40 SW. Leipsic Lon. 11.
30. E. Lat. 50. 56. N. Pop. 3,073.
Apolobamba, t. Buenos-Ayres, capital of a
jurisdiction ; SE. Caravaya, 156 SE. Cusco.
Apollinopolis Magna, now Edfu.
Apollinopolis Parva, now Kous.
Apollobamba, jurisdiction, Buenos Ayres, in
the bishopric of Cusco, composed of several
Indian towns and villages, under a major-gen
eral and Franciscan missionaries. It is of con
siderable extent, but thinly inhabited, chiefly
by civilized Indians. Productions, cocoa, rice,
cotton, wax, he.
Apollonia, km. Africa, on the Gold Coast,

west of the river Ancober; extending about
100 miles along the coast, and 20 inland. —
The country is flat, abounding in wood and
water. The exports consist of gold, ivory,
palm oil, pepper, and rice.
Apollonia, now Polonia, Polina, Sizeboli,
Shehrban, Abouillona, and Marza-Susa.
Apollonias, now Arsur.
Apolloniatis, now Lubad.
Apoma, t. Mexico, in Culiacan ; 50 N. Culia
can. Aponomeria, see Apanormia.
Aponum, now Abano.
Apoo, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, near SW.
coast of Palawan. Lon. 117. 27. E. Lat. 8.
5. N.
Apoquinimink, r. Newcastle co. Delaware,
which runs E. into Delaware Bay, 3 miles be
low Reedy Island.
Apoquinimink, see Cantwell's Bridge.
Apoquinimink, hundred, on S. side of New
castle co. Delaware. Pop. 3,388.
Apostpla Thadeia, cape on E. coast of Sibe
ria, at W. end of the Anadirskoi gulf, in N. Pa
cific Ocean. Lon. 178. 14. E. Lat. 63. N.
Apostoles, 12 small isls. in S. Pacific Ocean,
near SW. coast of Terra del Fuego. Lat. 53.
10. S.
Appack, or Appagh, t. Africa, in Whidah, on
the Slave Coast ; 50 ENE. Grand Popo.
Appalachicola, r. which rises from the Appa
lachian mountains, passes through Georgia un
der the name of Chatahooehee, and runs
through Florida into Appalachicola Bay, in the
Gulf of Mexico. It is about 400 miles long.
Appalachian Mountains, see Alleghany Moun
tains. Appanaig Pollam, t. Hind., in Barramaul ; 9
SSW. Darempoury.
Appar, t. on E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 116.
30. E. Lat. 3. 6. S.
Appel, r. Germany, which runs into the Nahe,
near Creutznach.
Appeldoorn. t. Holland, in Guelders; 13 NW.
Zutphen. Pop. 2,066.
Appenan, populous t. Lombock, on a bay of
the same name, in the straits of Lombock, con
tiguous to Mataran.
Appenrode, v. Hanover, in Hohenstein ; re
markable for a magnificent alabaster grotto in
the neighbourhood. Pop. 295.
Appenzell, canton, Switz., surrounded on all
sides by the canton of St. Gall, watered by the
Sitter, Urnasch, and Goldach. It is divided
into 2 parts, called Inner-rood or Rhode, and
Outer-rood; each having a separate government,
independent of the other. The form of gov
ernment is a pure democracy. The outer-rood
contains 20 parishes, 160 sq. m., and 39,414 in
habitants, Catholics, subsisting chiefly by the
manufacture of linen, muslin, and other fine
cotton stuffs. The inner-rood contains 4 par
ishes, 62 sq. m., and 15,600 inhabitants, Calvin-
ists, subsisting chiefly by rearing cattle.— The
aspect of the country is singularly wild and
romantic, consisting of a continued series of
hills and dales, valleys and mountains, cover
ed with luxuriant pastures. The capital of the
Inner-rood is Appenzell, of the Outer, Herisau.
Appenzell, t. Switz., in the canton of the

APR

73

AQU

same name, capital of the Inner-rood, onthe Sit
ter; E. 40 Zurich. Lon. 9. 31. E. Lat. 47. 20.
Pop. 3,000. It is well built, and has manufac
tures and bleach fields for linen.
Appeville, t. France, in Eure, 20 WSW,
Rouen. Pop. 1,500.
Appiano, t. Italy, in Milan; 20 NNW. Milan;
6 SW. Como.
Appidamischken, t. Prussia ; 9 SE. Gumbin-
nen. Appignano, t. Italy, in Ancona ; 18 SSW. An
cona. Lon. 13. 24. E. Lat. 43. 22. N.
Appii Forum, now Fossa Nuova.
Appingadam, see Damme.
Appio, mt. Genoa, at the extremity of the
Apennines. Apple Island, small uninhabited island, N. A.
in the river St. Lawrence. Lon. 69. 5. W. Lat.
48. 10. N.
Appleby, or Apulby, (an. Aballaba,) t. Eng. in
Westmoreland, a corporation and a borough,
which sends two members to parliament ; situ
ated near the river Eden ; 30 S. Carlisle, 266^
N. London. Pop. 2,160. It has a free gram
mar school, endowed with a salary of £120 a
year ; there is likewise an hospital for 13 wid
ows. Appleby is the county town, and the as
sizes are held here every year in August.
Applecross, v. and s-p. Scot., on a bay to
which it gives name, on W. coast of Ross ;
52 W. Dingwall. Lon. 5. 49. W. Lat. 57. 26. N.
Appledore, s-p. Eng., in Devonshire, in Barn
staple bay, where the Danes landed under
Hubba, in the time of Alfred ; 10 W. Barnsta
ple, 201 W. London. Pop. 1,800.
Appledore, t. Eng., in Kent, on the Rother,
formerly a sea-port, but now reduced to a
small place ; 9 W. NewRomney, 54 ESE. Lon
don. Pop. 407.
Appleshaw, v. Eng., in Hants, celebrated for
its annual sheep fair; 4 Andover. Pop. 218.
Appletree River, r. S. Carolina, which runs
into the Keowe. Lon. 82. 38. W. Lat. 34. 11. N.
Appleton, t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 20 SW. Bel
fast. Pop. 511.
Appleton Wish, t. Eng., N. Riding of York
shire, on the Wisk; 8 N.North-Allerton. Pop. 4C0.
Appole, t. Bengal, Dinagepour ; 38 SSE. Di-
nagepour. Appomatox, r. Virginia, which rises in Camp
bell co., and after an easterly course of about
120 miles, unites with James River, at City
Point It is navigable to thefallsatPetersburgfor
vessels of 100 tons ; and for boats 80 miles above
Petersburg. A canal is made to shun the falls.
Appoo, one of the mouths of the Ava, which
runs into the E. Indian Sea. Lon. 97. E. Lat.
16. 40. N.
Approuak, or Approuage, r. Guiana, which
runs into the sea, Lon. 52. 26. W. Lat.4. 30. N.
Approuak, t. S. A. in Guiana, at the mouth of
a river of the same name.
Apremont, t. France, in Vendee ; 7 SE.
Challans, 15 N. Sables d'Olonne.
Aprey, t. France, in Upper-Marne; 8 SW.
Langres. Aprigliano, (an. Aprustum,) t. Naples, in Ca
labria Citra ; 7 SE. Cosenza.
Aprio, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the La-
rissa ; 10 E. Trajanopolis. Greek abp. see.
Vol. I. 10

Apsa, or Hapsala, t. Eu. Turkey, in Roma--
nia ; 18 SE. Adrianople.
Apsarus, now Gonieh.
Apsheron, peninsula, Persia, Shirvan, which
projects into the Caspian Sea ; celebrated for
its naptha springs; a little NE. Baku.
Apsorus, now Osero.
Apsus, now Crevasta.
Apt, (an. Apia Julia,) t. France, principal
place of a district, in Vaucluse, on the.Calavon ;
20 N. Aix, 27 E. Avignon. Lon. 6. 24. E. Lat.
43. 52. N. Pop. 4,689.
Aptera, see Chisamo.
Aptha, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 58 WNW.
Poonah. Apua, or Apuani, now Ponlremoli.
Apulia, Pvglia.
Apurimac, r. Peru, which rises from a lake
N. Arequipa, and afterwards joining the Ene,
with several other rivers forms the Ucayale.
Lon. 73. 40. W. Lat. 10. 50. S.
Apurt, r. S. A which rises near Pamplona,
in New Grenada, and after an easterly course
of about 500 miles, runs into the Oronoko,
Lon. 66. 36. W. Lat. 7. 36. N.
Aqua, pr. Africa, in Guinea, on the Gold*
Coast, bounded S. by Fantin, NE. by Dinkira,
and W. by the river Chama, or St. John.
Aqua, he. see Acqua, he.
Aquaekanock, p-t. Essex co. N. J., on the
Passaic ; 10 miles above Newark, W. 226.
Pop. of the township, 3,338. It has a very
pleasant village. The Passaic is navigable to
this place for small schooners.
Aqua, now Baden.
Aqua. Augustce Tarbellicas, now Dax.
Aquce Calidce, now Caldas, Mereega, and
Hamman Leef.
' Aquce Convenarum, now Caldasdq Rey.
Aquce Flavice now Chaves.
Aquce Mattiaca, now Wisbaden.
Aquae Nera, now Neris.
Aquce Sextim,now Aix.
Aquce Solis, now Bath.
Aquce Staliellce, now Acqui.
Aqua. Voconis, now Bagnolas.
Aqua Tacapitana, now El Hammah.
Aquaffo, t. Africa, on the Gold Coast, where
there is a slave market, W. Cape Coast Castle.
Aquaforte Harbour, port on E. coast of New
foundland, S. Ferriland Harbour.
Aqualla, t. Africa, in Soko, on the Gold
Coast. Aquail, t. Meckley ; 68 W. Munnypour.
Aquamboe, country, Africa, on the E. side of
the Volta, on the Gold Coast, of which it oc
cupies about 20 miles, and 100 inland. It is
one of the greatest monarchies on the coast of
Guinea. The natives of this countiy are
haughty, turbulent, aud warlike ; and their
power is formidable to the neighbouring king
doms. All the tributary nations are miserably
infested by the incursions of the Aquamboans.
The English, Dutch, and Danes have each of
them forts at Acra, which may be looked upon
as the best on the whole coast
Aquapim, km. Africa, in the interior of the
Gold Coast, immediately behind Acra and W.
of Fantee ; remarkable for its beauty and fer
tility ; containing 17 towns and villages.

ARA

74

ARA

Aquutaccio, c. Italy, which runs into the Ti
ber, about a mile from Rome.
Aquatulco, see Aguatulco.
Aquelaon, one of the most easterly of the
Laccadive islands, in the E. Indian Sea. Lon.
73. 26. E. Lat. 10. 44. N.
Aqui, or Aquita, t. Japan, in S. part of Ni
phon. Aqui, see Acqui.
Aquia, p-t. Stafford co. Va., on Aquia Creek,
5 or 6 miles above its entrance into the Poto
mac ; W. 42. Lon. 77. 24. W. Lat. 38. 27. N.
It contains 10 or 12 houses. At this place and
in the vicinity, on Aquia Creek, are found ex
tensive quarries of free-stone, of which the
Capitol at Washington and the president's house
were built.
Aquia Creek, r. Stafford co. Virginia, which
flows SE., and joins the Potomac 14 NE. Fred
ericksburg, 54 below Washington.
Aquia Run Mills, p-v. Stafford co. Va. ; W. 48.
Aquigni, or Acquigni, t. France, in Eure. 3
miles from Louviers. Pop. 1,500.
Aquiavilco, r. which runs into the gulf of
Mexico, Lon. 96. 30. W. Lat. 18. 30. N.
Aquila, city, Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra II.
situated on a mountain, near the river Pescara ;
50 NE. Rome, 93 N. Naples. Lon. 13. 25. E.
Lat: 42. 19. N. Pop. 13,615. Bp. see. It con
tains 24 chh. and 29 cloysters. In the year
1703, great damage was done by an earthquake,
2,400 persons perished, and 1,500 were danger
ously wounded ; 800 were swallowed up, to
gether with the church, in which they had tak
en refuge.
Aquilaria, now how-ha-reah.
Aquileia, t. Illyria, in the circle of Goritz, at
the confluence of the Versa and Torre ; 20 S.
Friuli. Lon. 13. 23. E. Lat. 45. 46. N. Pop.
1,433. It was once rich and flourishing, and
on account of its grandeur called the second
Rome. It was often the residence of the em
perors, and the see of a patriarch, who ranked
next to the pope. It was destroyed by Attila,
king of the Huns, A. D. 452. It is now decay
ed, and the spacious canal which once connect
ed it with the Gulf of Venice, is now dried up.
Aquilondi, or Aquilunda, lake, on E. frontier
of Congo.
AquilOnia, now Cedogna.
Aquin, t. on coast of St. Domingo, on a bay
of the same name ; 40 W. Jaquemel. Lon. 73.
21. W. Lat. 18 14. N. Pop. about 3,000.
Aquinali, r. Further Calabria, which runs in
to the sea near Crotona.
Aqaino, (an. Aquimum,) t. Naples, in Lavora.
once bp. see; 13 SSE. Sora, 48 N. Naples.
Pop. 699. It was the birthplace of Juvenal
and Thomas Aquinas.
Aquiiaine, see Guienne.
Aquitania, ancient name of SW. part of
France. Aquizeba, r. Spain, which runs into the Orio,
a little below Toloso, in Guipuscoa.
Ara, r. Spain, which joins the Cinca at Ainsa.
Araba, (an. Arabius,) r. Persia, which runs
into the Arabian Sea, Lon. 65. 40. E. Lat. 25.
80. N.
Araban, (an. Acraba,) t. A. Turkey, in Urfa,
on the Khabar; 76 SE. Urfa. Lon. 40. E. Lat.
36.20. N.

Arabat, or Orobet, s-p. Russia, in Tauris, on
the borders of the Sea of Azoph ; 60 SE. Pe-
rekop. Lon. 35. 14. E^ Lat. 45. 24. N. Pop.
300. Arabazari, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 16
NE. Alameh.
Arab-hisar, t. Natolia; 38 NW. Mogla. It is
near the rains of an ancient city.
ARABIA, extensive country, Asia, being a
great peninsula in the form of an irregular
quadrangle ; bounded N. by A. Turkey and the
Euphrates, E.by the Persian Gulf and Arabian,
sea, S. by the Arabian sea, and W. by the Red
sea, Egypt, and Syria.
Extent. It lies between Lon. 33. 30. and 59.
30. E. Lat. 12. 30. and 31. 30. N. About 1,500
miles long from N. to S. and 1,300 wide from
E. to W. Sq. miles, according to Templemann,
1,166,000; Cannabich, 1,150,000.
Divisions. The ancients divided Arabia into
3 parts, viz. Arabia Felix, the southern part,
Arabia Petraea, the N. W. part, and Arabia De-
serta, the N. and NE. part ; without assigning
any definite limits or boundaries to each ; and
these divisions are in some respects recognized
by the moderns. — The present civil divisions
are 6, named by the natives Hedsjas, Yemen,
Hadramaut, Oman, Lachsa or Hadsjar, and
Nedsjed; the exact extent of which are scarce
ly better ascertained than the others.
Population. The amount of the population
is very uncertain. Hassel estimates it at from
10 to 12,000,000.
Face of the country and soil. The general;
aspect of Arabia is a vast arid desert, inter
spersed with spots of fertile ground, and inter
sected about the centre by a range of moun
tains, supposed to stretch from the shores of the
Red Sea by Mecca, to those of the Persian
Gulf at the Bahrein islands. Water is general
ly scarce, and there are no rivers or lakes of
any considerable size. The most fertile parts
are situated near the sea. Of its mountains
Sinai and Horeb are the most celebrated.
Productions and exports. The productions
are coffee, rice, maize, frankincense, myrrh,
gum-arabic, balsam, and other gums; dates,
and various other fruits; honey and wax; and
in the seas, coral and pearls. The exports best
known to Europeans, are coffee, gum-arabic,
myrrh, and frankincense.
Animals. The most noted animals are the
camel and the horse. The chief depend
ence of the Arabian is on the camel, an ani
mal peculiarly fitted for the inhabitants of a
desert. The Arabian horses have been cele
brated in all ages. They are held in high esti
mation, and great care is bestowed to preserve
the purity of the breed. Their most usual
colour is dapple-grey or brown, and one of
the breed most highly esteemed, costs at least
2,000 Turkish piastres.
Climatp. In the mountainous parts the cli
mate is temperate, but in unsheltered situations
the heat is excessive. A pestiferous wind, call
ed the Simoon or Samiel, frequently surprise!
the traveller in the desert, and occasions in
stant suffocation. Whole caravans are some
times overwhelmed by moving clouds of sand
agitated by wind.

ARA

75

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Towns. Mecca and Medina are celebrated
places of pilgrimage. The principal seaports
are Mocha, Mascat, and Jidda ; but Sana is re
puted the chief city.
Inhabitants. The inhabitants are styled Arabs.
They boast of being descended from Ishmael,
son of Abraham and Hagar ; and on this ac
count they have-been called Ishmaelites and
Hagarenians. They have been styled Scenites
from their living in tents ; also Saracens and
Bedouins, i. e. robbers and wanderers. But
the name now universally applied is that of
Arabs, or Bedouin Arabs. They are divided
into two classes; 1, the genuine Arabs of the
desert, who have preserved in the greatest pu
rity the character and manners of their ances
tors ; 2, the adulterated Arabs, who inhabit
the cities, and who are more effeminate, and
have lost, by intermixture with other nations,
somewhat of their original character. The
Arabs are in general an ignorant and supersti
tious people ; in their stature, thin, with slender
extremities, black eyes, hair, and beard, and
of swarthy complexion. They have a reserv
ed, dignified, and melancholy air ; seldom pro
voked either to laugh or to weep. Their vir
tues and vices are peculiar to themselves.
They are the firmest friends and the most im
placable enemies. Their hearts are open and
sincere ; they are hospitable and generous ;
and in courtesy and urbanity of manners they
may vie with the most civilized nations of Eu
rope. But on the other hand, they have a
natural disposition to war, bloodshed, and ra
pine. They are implacable and unrelenting ;
have no idea of forgiveness, and their thirst
forrevenge knows no satiety. The majority of
them dwell in tents made of camel's hair,
Wandering about with their whole property
from place to place. They are miserably lodg
ed, and are abstemious and temperate. Their
principal food is rice, pulse, and milk.
Religion. The Arabs are Mohometans.
Government. The patriarchal government
has prevailed among these wandering people
from the remotest antiquity; but it is in a
manner ecclesiastical, because all civil proceed
ings rest on the law of the Koran. The author
ity of a Schieck over his tribe is that of a
father of his family. The titles of the Arab
chiefs or princes are S'chiecks, Sheriffes, Imans,
-Caliphs, and Ermirs. In the most fertile dis
tricts monarchies of greater or less extent have
existed from time immemorial.
Language. The Arabic is a copious and ex
pressive language, abounding in synonymes. It
is supposed to be the most extensive in the
world, being spoken not only in Arabia, but al
so in Turkey, Tartary, Persia, a part of India
and China, in Egypt, the Barbary States, and
extensively in other countries in Africa as far
south as the Niger.
Literature. The Arabians were, in the mid
dle ages, eminent for literature and science ; but
they are now rude and ignorant, few of them
being able to read and write.
Arabia Deserta, or Nedsjed, also called Berii
Arbistan, or Beriara, is bounded N. by Syria,
NE. by Syria and the Arabian Irac, E. by the
Persian Gulf, SE. and S. by Arabia Felix, and

W. by Arabia Petraea and Syria. This country-
is for the most part desert, being intersected
almost every where by high barren mountains,
and many of its plains nothing but great sands
and heaths, through some of which neither
men, beasts, birds, trees, grass, or pasture are
to be seen ; the lands, however, that lie to the
east along the river Euphrates, afford both
plants and food for the inhabitants of some
cities and towns seated on that part. Ana is
the capital.
Arabia Petrcea, or the Stony, called by the
Arabs Hedjas, is bounded N. by Syria, E. by
Arabia Deserta, S. by Arabia Felix, W. by the
Red Sea, and NW. by Egypt ; its extent from
N.to S. is computed to be 180 miles, and from
E. to W. 150. It was called Petraa, or Stony,
from its rocks, though some rather derive it
from Petra, its ancient capital, now commonly
supposed to be Krac, lying on the isthmus, near
the frontiers of Egypt. Though, in most re
spects, it much resembles Arabia Deserta, fru
its stony, sandy, and barren ground ; yet it
yields, in some parts, sufficient nourishment
for cattle, whose milk, and camel's flesh, is the
chief food of its inhabitants.
Arabia Felix, by far the most considerable of
the three, was called Felix, or Happy, accord-
ingto Ammianus Marcellinus,because it abound
ed in corn, cattle, vines, and odoriferous spices
of all kinds. It was also called Sacred, on ac
count of the fine gums and aromatic woods
employed in sacrifices, which it produced.
This part of Arabia contains the kingdoms of
Yemen, Hadramaut, Oman, and Lachsa, with
other smaller states.
Arabian Islands, two small islands in the
Mediterranean, near the coast of Egypt ; 7
SW. Alexandria. Lon. 30. 6. E. Lat 31. 7. N. '
Arabian Sea, (an. Erythrcean Sea,) sea, Asia,
bounded N. by Persia, E. Hindoostan, S. by
the Indian Ocean, and W. by Arabia.
Arabicus Sinus, see Red Sea.
Arabag, small s-p. Arabia, on the coast of the
Red Sea, at the northern extremity of Beled el
Haram, or the Holy Land of the Mahometans.
Lon. 38. 52. E. Lat. 22. 31. N.
Arabius, nowAraba.
Arabkir, (an. Arabrace,) t. A. Turkey, in Si-
vas, on a branch of the Euphrates ;' 80 SW.
Erzerum, 100 E. Sivas. Lon. 39. 10. W. Lat.
39. 15. N. It is well built, populous, and the
chief place of a district.
Arabs, (Gulf of) large bay of the Mediter
ranean, on the coast of Egypt; W. of Alexan
dria. Lon. 29. 30. E. Lat. 30. 50. N.
Aracacari, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Brazil. Lat. 26. 20. S.
Aracagi, t. Brazil, in Para, on the Isle of Ma-
ranon ; 10 St. Luis.
Aracan, or Arrakan, or Reccan, or Mog, coun
try, Asia, formerly an independent km., but
since 1783 a province of the Birman empire ;
bounded N. by Meckley, E. by Birmah, S. by
Pegu, and W. by the Bay of Bengal ; about510
miles long, and from 20 to 200 broad.
The air is good ; the country abounds with'
meadows and pasture lands, well watered with
rivers and brooks ; the plains are exceedingly
fertile, and the mountains green all the year

ARA

76

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round ; though from August to October, which
is their winter, the weather is for the most part
wet and stormy. It produces great quantities
of rice, cocoa-nuts, bananas, oranges, and
many other kinds of excellent fruit. Pop. es
timated at 2,500,000.
Aracan, city, Asia, and capital of a country
of the same name ; 240 SE. Calcutta. Lon.
93 E. Lat. 20. 38. N. A river called also Ara
can, runs through it, and Waters the streets by
means of several arms or canals, into which it
is divided. The houses are very low. Pop.
formerly said to be 160,000; latterly only
16,000. Aracan, r. Asia, which runs into the Bay of
Bengal about 27 miles below the city of Aracan.
Aracari, t. Brazil, on the river Negro, 80 W.
Fort Rio Negro.
Aracali-Merim, v. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 41. 16. W. Lat. 3. 5. S.
Aracati-Assu, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 41. 10. W. Lat. 3. 6. S.
Aracena, t. Spain, in Andalusia, near the Si-
erra-Morena, in Seville, with a castle on an
eminence ; 30 NNW. Seville. Lon. 6. 20. W.
Lat. 37. 43. N.
Aracay, r. Brazil , which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 34. 31. W. Lat. 6. 50. S.
Aracha, (L',) see Laracha.
Arachosia, ancient Persian province, beyond
the Indus.
Arachotus, now Arokhage.
Arachova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ; 6 N.
Salona. Araclea, see Herakli.
Aractus, now Spagmagmurisi.
Aracuari, r. S. A. in Guiana, which runs in
to the Atlantic, Lat. 1. 40. N.
Arad, or Old Arad, t. Hungary, in the coun
ty of the same name, on the Marosch, which
divides it into Old and New Town ; 24 N. Te-
mesvar, 195 SE. Presburg. Lon. 21 3. E. Lat.
46. 11. N. Pop. 3,700. The chief cattle mar
ket of Hungary is held here. A fortress stands
on a peninsula, formed by a bend of the river,
the works of Which are strong. In the year
1685, a battle was fought near this town be
tween the Germans and the Turks, in which
the latter were defeated ; 7,000 men, all that
remained alive, being made prisoners. — Pop. of
the county 184,574. Sq. mis. 2,290. Place of
assembly, Boros-Jeno.
Arad, or Ennebbi Salachb, one of the Bahh-
rein islands, in the Persian Gulf. Lon. 48. 6. E.
Lat. 26. 25. N.
Arad, city, Palestine ; 32 S. Jerusalem.
Aradi, t. Natolia ; 10 NW. Kastamoni.
Aradus, now Arek, and Ruad.
Arcegenus, now Bayeux.
Araes, maritime town, Brazil, in the province
of MattQ. Lon. 52. 30. W. Lat. 18. S.
Arafat, mt. Arabia; 15 SE. Mecca. It is •
composed of granite ; about 150 feet high, in
closed by a wall, ascended by staircases, and
has a chapel on its summit, which the Mahom
etans believe was built by Adam. There are
14 large tanks or basins at the base. It is
much visited by pilgrims on days appointed
for the purpose. On the 17th Feb. 1807, this
ceremony was performed by an assemblage of

80,000 men, 2,000 women, and 4,000 chil
dren. Arafaxa, t. Sweden, in West-Bothnia, on the
river Tornea ; 32 N. Tornea.
Aragon, or Aragonia, pr. Spain, bounded N.
by the Pyrenees, NW, by Navarre, W. by Cas
tile, S. by Valencia, and E. by Catalonia. It
contains 70 towns, only 8 of which are consid
erable, viz. Saragossa, . Albarazin, Balbastro,
CetaTarad, Daroca, Jaca, Taracona, and TerueL
Pop. in 1800, 658,630. Sq. m. 15,503. A part
of the country is mountainous, and the soil
generally productive, but in some parts stony
or sandy. The characteristicts of the inhabi
tants are industry, activity, national pride, and
courage. — Aragon was, till the time of Charles
V. an independent kingdom, including, besides
Aragon Proper, Valencia, Catalonia, and Mal-
lorca. The air is pure and serene, but the country
often wants water, much of it having neither
springs nor wells.
Aragon, r. Spain, which rises in the Pyre
nees, passes by Jaca, Sanguesa, &c, and runs
into the Ebro, between the Calahorra and Tu-
dela. Aragon, t. Arabia; 100 ESE. Sanaa.
Aragua, t S. A. in Cumana. Pop. 150.
Araguaya, r. Brazil; which rises in Matto
Grosso, Lat. 19. S. and runs N. into the Toean-
tins, Lat. 6. S.
Aralial, t. 8pain, in Seville ; 27 ENE. Seville.
Araiche, (El,) see Laraehe.
Arajee, t. Abyssinia ; 95 SSE. Mine.
Arakeery, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 8 E. Serin
gapatam. Arakui, r. Georgia, in Asia, which runs into
the Kur, 30 ESE. Gory.
Aral, lake or inland sea, Asia, in the country
of the independent Tartars, about 250 miles
long, and 120 broad ; 120 E. of the Caspian
Sea. Lon. 57. to 61. E. Lat. 42. 45. to 46. 40.
N. Its waters are salt, like those of the Cas
pian Sea. It has no communication with
the sea, but receives the waters of several
rivers, the largest of which are the Jihon and
Sir. Aram, t. Arabia ; 38 NE. Chamir.
Aramascheva, t. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 90 S.
Tobolsk. Arambauk, t. Hind., in the Carnatic; 34 N.
Bomrauzepollam .
Aramieh, t. Egypt; S. Dendera.
Aramils, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees, on
the Vert ; 7 SW. Oleron. Pop. 1,050.
Aramo, t. and fortress, Chili, near the Pacific
Ocean ; 30 S. La Conception.
Aramont, t. France, in Gard, on W. side of
the Rb6ne : 8 below Avignon. Pop. 2,200.
Arampali, t. Hind., in Madura ; a place long
celebrated for its manufactures, which formerly
employed 2,000 looms ; the trade is now con
siderable. Aramroy, see Eramro.
Aran, t. Persia, in Irak ; 100 N. Ispahan.
Aranas, r. Spain, which runs into the Agra, 2
miles below Pampeluna.
Arance, t. France, in Ain ; 8 E. Ambronay.
Aranda de Ebro, t. Spain, in Araeon, on the
Ebro ; 19 NW. Calataiud, 6 '

ARA.

77

ARA

Aranda de Duero, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on
the Duero ; 35 S. Burgos, 90 N. Madrid. Lon.
3. 40. W. Lat. 41. 40. N. Pop. 3,500.
Arandon, t. France, in Isere ; 10 S. St. Sorlin,
28 E. Vienne.
Arandore, t. Ceylon ; 22 SSW. Candy.
Arang, t. on E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 116.
30. E. Lat. 1. 33. S.
Aranghera, one of the Bissagos islands, in the
Atlantic, at the mouth of the river Grande, near
the coast of Africa.
Aranha, t. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 12 NE.
Leyria. Aranjuez, v. and palace, Spain, in Toledo,
on an island formed by the Tagus, the Taramo,
and a canal ; 18 NE. Toledo, 30 S. Madrid.
Lon. 3. 36. W. Lat. 41. 5. N. Pop. of the
village, 2,593 ; during the residence of the
court, about 10,000- It is situated in one of
the most delightful districts in Spain ; the
streets are broad, straight, and finely paved, the
houses of two stories, neatly built, and painted
white. — The palace is remarkable, not for its
magnitude, but for its beauty, its collection of
paintings, of ancient and modern busts, its
marble staircases, superb mirrors, its beautiful
specimens of porcelain, and especially for its
gardens, which are laid out in the form of a
star, and excite the admiration of every ob
server. The court usually resides here from
a little after Easter till the end of June. The
road from Aranjuez to Madrid is constructed
on the model of the ancient Roman roads, and
each mile is said to have cost £33,250 sterling.
Aranjuez, t. Mexico, in Costa Rica ; 32 S.
Costa Rica.
Arannos, t. Spain, in Navarre ; 9 miles from
St. Estevan.
Aranta, s-p. Peru, in Arequipa ; the harbour
is deep, but the entrance narrow ; 30 SW.
Arequipa. Aranyvar, fortress, Transylvania, on N. side
of the Maross ; 18 SW. Millenbach, 20 SSW.
Carlsburg. Arapari-pucu, t. Brazil, in Para, on the Gua-
napu; 170 WSW. Para.
Arapijo, t. Brazil, in Para, on the Amazon ;
18 WSW. Curupu.
Araquaya, r. Brazil, Which rises in Lat. 18. S.
and after a northerly course of near 800 miles,
runs into the Tocantins river, Lat. 5. 40. S.
Araques, t. Spain, Aragon ; 12 NNW. Jaca.
Araquil, t. Spain, in Navarre ; 15 W. Pampe-
luna. Araranga, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 29. 45. S.
Arar, now Sadne.
Ararat, mt. Armenia, between Caucasus and
Taurus ; 60 SE. Erivan. It is 9,500 feet in
height, and very steep, rising from a spacious
plain, and terminating in two peaks, one of
which is covered with perpetual snow. Almost
the whole of the remaining surface consists of
deep moving sand. After many fruitless at
tempts, it has been found impossible to ascend
more than half way up this mountain, by
reason of its great steepness from the middle
to the summit, and its being covered with ice.
This mountain is venerated by the Christians,
and especially by the Armenians, from a belief
that Noah's ark rested on it after the flood.

Ararat, mt. Pa., in Luzerne and Wayne cos.'
It is 15 miles long.
Ararat, or Pilot Mountain, mt. N. C, on N.
side the Yadkin, and E. the river Ararat, 9 NW.
Bethania. It is about a mile in height, and
rises in the form of a pyramid, with an area of
an acre at top, on which is a stupendous rock
300 feet high. From the summit of this rock
there is an extensive, variegated, and delightful
prospect. Arariba, r. Brazil, which runs into the sea
near Pernambuco.
Ararus, now Sereth.
Aras, or Eris, t. Persia, in Schirvan ; 50 N.
Schamachie, 130 SSE. Teflis.
Aras, (an. Araxes,) r. Asia. It rises in Mount
Ararat, separates Armenia from Adirbeitzan,
and joins the Kur, near Javat, in Schirvan. Ifal
course is very rapid.
Arasa, mt. Arabia, SE. of Mecca, in Hedsjas.'
Araseng, t. Persia, in Irak ; 30 S. Casbin.
Arassie, t. Genoa ; 5 SW. Albenga. Lon. 8.
E. Lat. 44. 4. N. It is a place of some trade,
and well peopled ; vessels are to be hired here
for Genoa, or any part of Italy.
Arathapescow, see Alhapescow.
Araticu, r. Brazil, which runs into the Gua-
napu, 70 W. Para.
Aravacouchy, see Arrivacouchy.
Araucania, country, Chili, S. A., between the
rivers Biobio and Valdivia. It is bounded E.
by the Andes, and W. by the Pacific Ocean.
Lat. 36. 44. to 39. 50. S.
Arauco, fortress, Chili, near the mouth of a
river, in a valley to which it gives name ; 20 S.
La Conception. The inhabitants of the valley
are Indians, called Arauques.
Araco, v. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
Ocean, Lat. 37. 9. S.
Arauna, t. Venezuela, on the Acarigua ; 50
S. Barquismeto. It is situated in a fertile
country, and is a considerable town, with
several streets of well built houses.
Arausio, now Orange.
Aravita, t. Spain, in Cordova ; 40 E. Cor
dova. Araw, or Aran, or Arovia, t. Switz., capital of
Aargau, on the right side of the Aar, in afertile
country ; 21 SE. B&le, 30 NNE. Berne. Lon.
7. 54. E. Lat. 47. 23. N. Pop. 2,400. The
principal manufactures are cotton, cotton-stuffs,
printed linens, cutlery, and tanning. The diets
and assemblies of the Protestant cantons are
generally held here.
Arawari, r. S. America, which crosses Guiana,
and empties itself into the Atlantic By the
peace of 1801, it was agreed, that the S. bank
should belong to the Portuguese, and the N.
bank to the French, and the navigation open
to both nations. Lat. of the mouth, 1. 50. N.
Arawill, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 6 SE. Chu-
prah. Araxa, r. Spain, which runs into the Orio, at
Tdlosa. Araxes, now Aras, and Bend Emir.
Aray, r. Scotland, which runs from Loch
Awe to Loch Fine.
Arezatiba, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 28. 20. S.
Arba, Aust. isl. in the Gulf Carnero, near the

ARC

78

ARC

coast of Dalmatia, about 30 miles in circ. Lon.
14. 51. E. Lat. 44. 59. N. Pop. 3,049. There
are three convents of friars and as many of
nuns, besides 60 priests, who have a very scanty
provision. The island produces fire wood, of
which many cargoes are annually sent to
Venice; corn, oil, excellent wine, brandy, and
silk ; it also exports hides, wool, sheep, hogs,
and horses of a good breed.
Arba, t. on the island, so called. Bp. see. It
contains a cathedral, a collegiate church, with
about 1,400 inhabitants, chiefly employed in
agriculture, fishing, and the manufacture of
salt from sea- water. Lon. 14. 57. E. Lat. 45. N.
Arbaal, t. Algiers ; 15 SSE Oran.
Arbajen, t. Arabia ; 12 N. Zebid.
Arbeca, t. and castle, Spain, in Catalonia ; 10
E. Lerida.
Arbegen, t. Transylvania ; 7 N. Stoltzenberg.
Arbeia, now Moresby.
Arbela, now Erbil, see also Gaugamela.
Arberg, Arburg, see Aarberg, and Aarburg.
Arbespach, t. Austria ; 6 SW. Zvvetl.
Arbestaal, t. Austria ; 5 N. Brugg.
Arbia, r. Tuscany, which runs into the Ora-
brone, near Bunconvento.
Arbica, t. Spain, in Navarre ; 30WNW.Pam-
peluna. Arbil, see Erbil.
Arbis, t. France, in Gironde ; 17 SE. Bour-
deaux. Arboga, or Arbogen, t. Sweden, in Westman-
land; 65 W. Stockholm. Lon. 15, 39. E. Lat.
59. 55. N. Pop. 1,521. It is on a navigable
canal, which connects it by means of Malar
lake with Stockholm. It is remarkable for a
synod held here in 1297, under Nicholas, arch
bishop of Upsal.
Arbois, t. France, in Jura, and principal town
of the district ; 24 NNE. Lons le Saunier. Lon.
5. 51. E. Lat. 46. 54. N. Pop. 6,414. It is
celebrated for the excellent wine made in its
environs. — General Pichegru was a native of
this town.
Arbon, t. Switz., in Thurgau, on S. side of
the lake of Constance ; 7 N. St. Gall, 14 SE.
Constance. Lon. 9. 27. E. Lat. 47. 30. N. Pop.
2,000. This place is, in Antoninus' Itinerary,
named Arbor Infelix.
Arbon, see Arcbo.
Arborinca, now Arranches.
Arbouc, t. Arabia, Hedjas ; 100 NW. Mecca.
Arboucave, t. France, in Landes ; 12 SE. St.
Sever, 13 ENE. Orthez. Pop. 419.
Arbra, t. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 24 NW.
Soderhamn. Arbre Croche, isl. in N. part of lake Michigan.
Lon. 85. 18. W. Lat. 45. 25. N.
Abresle, (L\) t. France, in Rhone ; 9 NW.
Lyons. Pop. 860.
Arbroath, see Aberbrolhic.
Arc en Barrois, t. France, in Lower-Marne ;
14 NW. Langres. Pop. 1,768.
Arc sur Title, t. France, in C6te-d'Or, on the
river Tille ; 7 ENE. Dijon.
Arc, r. Savoy, which runs into the Isere, 12
from Montemelian.
Arc, r. France, which passes near Aix, and
loses itself in the lake of Martigues.
Area, t. A. Turkey, in Marasch ; 20 W. Ma-
-latia.

Arcabay, t. on W. coast of St. Domingo ; IS
N. Cul de Sac
Arcadia, (an. Cyparissa,) s-p. Eu. Turkey, in
the Morea, in a gulf to which it gives name,
open to the Mediterranean sea; 18 N.Navarin,
40 NW. Misitra. Lon. 21. 34. E. Lat. 37. 22.
N. The inhabitants are mostly Greeks, and
trade in oil, wool, and hides.
Arcadia, ancient countiy, in the central part
of the Peloponnesus -r celebrated in ancient
song, as the seat of pastoral innocence and
happiness. It is now called Braccio di Maina.
Chief cities, Megalopolis and Mantinea.
Arcalia, t. on W. coast of St. Domingo, 12 N.
Port-au-Prince. Arcangeles, t. Paraguay ; 300 E. Assumption.
Arcano, t. Italy, in Friuli; 11 W. Udina.
Areas, t. Spain, in Old Castile; 9 S. Cuen^a;
an. Bp. see, but removed to Cuenca.
Areas, small isl. Atlantic, near the coast of
Guinea. Lon. 14. 40. W. Lat. 11.8. N.
Areas, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico. Lon.
92. 38. W. Lat. 19. 50. N.
Arcati, now Arcot.
Arce, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 15 S. Sora, 52
NNW. Naples.
Arceles, t. France, in Eastern-Pyrenees ; 12
SE. Perpignan, 12 ENE. Ceret.
Arces, t. France, in Eastern-Pyrenees ; 6 SW,
Ceret, 21 SSW. Perpignan.
Arch, t. Switz., in Berne ; 5 N. Buren.
Arch, or Arco, t. Tyrol, on the Sarca, with a
citadel on a mountain ; 12 W. Trent. Lon. 10.
47. E. Lat. 45. 53. N. Pop. 1,900.
Arclueopolis, now Ruki.
Archachora, or Zivagee, t. Concan, on the
coast ; 30 S. Severndroog.
Archangel, or Archangeleskoi, government,
Russian empire, bounded N. by the Frozen
Sea, E. by the government of Tobolsk, S.
by the government of Vologda and Olonetz,
and W. by the dominionsof Sweden ; and extends
from Lon. 27. to 67. E. Lat. 62. to 70. N. The
countiy is cold, marshy, woody, and moun
tainous, and the wealth of the country consists
chiefly in its fisheries. It is divided into 8
circles, Archangel, Cholmogory, Pinega, Mezen,
Schenkunsk, Onega, Kern, and Kola. The
principal rivers are the Dwina, the Vokscha,
the Mezen, and the Petchora. Pop. 199,901.
Sq. m. 356,400.
Archangel, or St. Michael, t. and s-p. Russia,
capital of the government to which it gives
name, on the Dwina, 20 miles above its entrance
into the White sea ; 400 NE. Petersburg. Lon.
40. 43. E. Lat. 64. 32. N. Pop. 7,200. H. 1,200,
mostly of wood. It derives its name from a
monastery founded here in 1584, dedicated to
the archangel Michael. It contains 11 Russian
churches, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Calvinist. As a
place of commerce, it is much frequented by
foreigners, especially the English and Dutch,
and the inhabitants of Hamburg, and Bremen,
and of the United States. The exports consist of
train oil, tar, linseed, furs, wax, iron, and coarse
linen. It contains the chief deposite of foreign
articles for Siberia. About 100 ships visit it
annually. It formerly contained about 30,000
inhabitants, but declined when St. Petersburg
became a place of comraerp e.

ARC

79

ARC

Archangelsk, t. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on
the Bog; 170 W. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 30. 44.
E. Lat. 48. 30. N.
Archangelskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, at the
conflux of the Tangui and the Oka ; 116 NE.
Udinsk. Lon. 101. 44. E. Lat. 55. 20. N.
Archangelskoi, t. Russia, Kostrom ; 124 NNE.
Kostrom. Lon. 43. 44. E. Lat. 59. 15. N.
Archangelskoi, t. Russia, Vologda ; 90 NE.
Vologda. Lon. 41. 58. E. Lat. 60. 25. N.
Arche, (V,) t. France, in Correze ; 6 SW.
Brive. Arched Island, small isl. in E. Indian Sea,
near the island of Paraguay. Lon. 117. 57. E.
Lat. 9. 15. N.
Archelais, now Erekli.
Archemounain, see Ashmunain.
Archer, t. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 1,105.
Archi, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 8 S. Lan-
ciano. Archiab, t. France, in Lower-Charente ; 15 S.
Saintes. Lon. 0. 13. W. Lat. 45. 32. N. Pop.
1,510. Archidona, t. Spain, Grenada, with a castle ;
9 E. Antiquera. Pop. 5,000.
Archidona, t. Quito ; 80 SE. Quito. Lon. 76.
48. W. Lat. 0. 45. S. Pop. about 700.
Archipelago, (an. Aegean Sea,) part of the
Mediterranean Sea ; bounded N. by Romania,
E. by Natolia, W. by Livadia and the Morea,
and S. by Candia. Lon. 23. to 27. E. Lat. 35.
30. to 40. 40. N. It divides, as far as it extends,
Europe from Asia, and belongs equally to both.
Of the many islands which it contains, those,
which are nearest the coast of Natolia, are
called Asiatic ; the rest are considered as be
longing to Europe. Upwards of forty of these
islands are reckoned considerable. There are
many bays and harbours on the coasts of each
side, as well as in several of the islands. There
are also many rocks found in the Archipelago.
Most of these islands, except Mitylene, Scio,
and Macronisi, are included in the government
of the capudan-pacha, or grand admiral of the
Turkish fleet The inhabitants, by political
Oppression, are rendered both cringing and
imperious. The exports consist of wine, raisins,
oil, figs, silk, marble, honey, wax, he.
Archipelago, is a term loosely, applied to a
group of islands, in any strait or narrow sea ;
as the Archipelago of Chiloe, on the coast of
Chili ; the Archipelago of Lazarus, on the coast
of Malabar and Malacca ; the Archipelago of
Mexico ; that of the Caribbees, of the Philip
pines, he.
Archipelago de Bourbon, the Society Islands,
so called by Bougainville.
Archipelago of the Great Cyclades, the New
Hebrides, so called by Bougainville.
Archipelago, (Dangerous^) cluster of islands
in the S. Pacific Ocean ; between Lon. 42. and
45. W. Lat. 10. and 18. S.
Archlebou, t. Moravia, Brunn ; 17 SE. Brunn.
Archiwinnipy Sea, large gulf of the North Sea,
which communicates with Hudson's bay, by
means of Hazard gulf.
Arclishofen, t. Wurtemberg, in the district of
the Kocher, on the Tauber; 3 E. Creglingen.
Pop. 430.
Arcis sur Aube, (an. Artiaca,) t. France, in

Aube, principal place of a district ; 15 N. Troyes.
Lon. 4. 14. E. Lat. 48. 33. N. Pop. 2,322.
Arcisa, t. Italy, in Milan ; 10 W. Como.
Arco, see Arch.
Arco, t. Sicily, in Noto ; 5 N. Noto,
Arcoe, small isl. in the straits of Malacca.
Lon. 100. 35. E. Lat. 2. 54. N.
Arcole, v. Italy, in Verona ; 15 ESE. Verona.
In November 1796, a bloody battle was fought
here between the Austrians and the French, in
which the former were defeated, losing 5,000
prisoners, besides a great number of killed and
wounded. Areona, v. Pomerania, in the island of Rugen,
anciently a city; 20 5S. Bergen.
Arcanalo, t. Italy, in Milan ; 18 W- Milan.
Arconcey, t. France, in Cote-d'Or ; 5 N. Arnay
le Due.
Arcos, or Arcos de la Frontera, (an. Arcobriga,)
t. Spain, in Seville, on a sharp rock near the
Guadaleta, fortified by art and nature ; 17 N.
Medina Sidonia, 40 S. Seville. Lon. 5. 55. W.
Lat. 36. 40. N. Pop. 12,000. In 1338, a
battle was fought near this town between a
detachment of Christians and Moors.
Arcos, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the borders
of Aragon, on the Xalon ; 9 miles above Medina
Celi. Arcos, t. Portugal, Beira ; 12 SSE. Pesquiera.
Arcos, (Los,) t. Spain, Navarre ; 13 S. Estella.
Arcos, t. S. America, in Buenos-Ayres ; 60,
NW. Buenos-Ayres.
Arcol, (an. Arcati, Regis. Sorce, and Soromarfr-
dalam,) city, Hind., capital of the Carnatic, on
the Paliar,; 57 WSW. Madras, 65 NNW. Pon-
dicherry. Lon. 79. 30. E. Lat. 12. 50. N. The
fort is a mile in circumference, with walls and
ditches, but is not in good repair. The town
surrounds the glacis on all sides, and is exten
sive. There is a manufacture of coarse cotton
cloths here, but they are dearer than in Bengal.
Arcs, (Les,) t. France, in Var ; 10 W. FreTus.
Pop. 2,163.
Arctic Ocean, or Frozen Ocean, lies within the
Arctic circle, N. of Europe and Asia. It is a
vast and dismal reservoir of myriads of miles
of ice.
Arcueil, t. France, in Seine ; 3 S. Paris. Pop.
1,338. It is celebrated for the excellence of
its water, conveyed to Paris by an aqueduct
constructed in 1624; and more recently, for a
physical and chemical society at the house of
Berthollet. Arcy, or Airy, t. France, in Yonne, on the
Auref ; 11 SSE. Auxerre. - H. 200.
Ard, r. Ger., which rises near Weben, in
Nassau Saarbruck, and runs into the Lahn, at
Dietz. Arda, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 60 S.
Filippopoli. Arda, (an. Ardiscus,) Eu. Turkey, which runs
into the Mariza, 10 N. Trajanopoli.
Ardachan, r. Georgia, Asia, which runs into
the Kur, at Akalzike.
Ardacher, or Ardagger, t. Austria, near the
Danube ; 10 SW. Ips.
Ardagh, t. Ireland, in Longford; 5 SE. Long
ford. Ardal, t. Norway ; 72 N. Christiania.
Ardales, see Hardales.

ARD

80

ARD

Ardanoudjee, (an. Adranutzium,) t. Turkish
Armenia, in Kars ; 40 N. Kars, 90 NE. Erze
rum. Lon. 43. 35. E. Lat. 40. 44. N.
Ardatov, t. Russia, in Simbirsk ; 90 W. Sim
birsk. Lon. 45. 44. E. Lat. 54. 45. N. Pop.
.778. Ardatov, t. Russia, in Niznei Novgorodskoi ;
60 SSW. Nisnei-Novgorod. Lon. 43. 4. E. Lat.
50. 20. N. Pop. 740.
Ardbraccan, v. Ireland, in Meath, formerly
the see of a bishop, now called the bishop of
Meath. In 1641, it was a place of strength,
and the bishop of Meath had a palace here.
Ardea, now Ardia.
Ardebil, or Ardevil, t. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ;
56 E. Tabris. Lon. 47. 20. E. Lat. 38. 5. N.
Pop. 12,000. H. 2,500. This is one of the most
ancient and celebrated towns in Persia, situat
ed in the midst of a large plain, surrounded on
all sides by the mountains, which form a kind
of amphitheatre. Ardebil has been the resi
dence of many kings ; it is an open town, with
out walls ; the grand square, called Meidan, is
large, with a grand caravansary. In one of the
churches is the tomb of Schek Sefi, a celebrat
ed saint, which is an inviolable asylum, and
constantly visited by pilgrims from all parts of
Persia. Caravans are frequently going to and
from Constantinople and Smyrna.
Ardebil, (Little,) t. Persia, in Farsistan; N.
Schiras. Ardecan, t. Persia, in Irak ; 15 SSW. Gner-
den, 140 E. Ispahan.
Ardiche, r. France, which rises 9 miles from
Langogne, and runs into the Rhone, about 3
miles above Pont St. Esprit.
Ardiche, dep. France, bounded N. by
Loire, E. by the Rhfine, S. by Gard, W. by
Lozere and Upper-Loire ; about 65 miles from
N. to S. and from 15 to 32 in breadth, from E.
to W. Before the revolution it was a province
of Languedoc, called Vivarais. Privas is the
capital. Pop. 290,833 ; of whom, about 60,000
are Protestants. Sq. m. 2,281.
Ardee, t. Ireland, in Louth ; 10 SW. Dundalk,
33 N. Dublin. It is decayed.
Arden, or Ardon, countiy, Switz., and one of
the bailiwicks of the Valais.
Ardenburg or Rodenburg, t. Neth., in Zea
land, formerly one of the most considerable
towns in the country; 6 SE. Sluys, 12 NE.
Bruges. Lon. 3. 27. E. Lat. 51. 16. N. Pop.
1,376. Ardenelle, t. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 24 N.
Damicotta, 40 S. Seringapatam. Lat. 76. 55. E.
Lat. 11.53. N.
Ardennes, forest, Germany and France, com
prehending all the country between the Meuse
and the Rhine, or according to others, all be
tween the Rhine and the Scheldt ; what now
remains is situated principally on both sides
the Meuse, from Montmedy to Liege.
Ardennes, dep. France, bounded N. by part
of Hainaut, Liege, and Luxemburg, E. by Lux
emburg and dep. Meuse, S. by Marne, and W.
by Ainse ; about 50 miles from N. to S. and 45
from E. to W. It is N. part of what was before
the revolution called Champagne. Mezieres is
the capital. Pop. 275,036, many of whom are
Protestants. Sq. m. 2,230.

Ardenno, t. Italy, in the Valteline ; 5 NE.
Morbegno. Ardensan, t. A. Turkey, in Aladulia; 38 NW,
Arzingan. Ardenskerry, rock in the North Sea, near
North-Uist. Lon. 7. 20. W. Lat. 51. 4. N.
Arder, see Ardra.
Ardero, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 7 S.
Gierace. Ardes, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 27 S.
Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 1,636.
Ardesh, (supposed by D'Anville to be the an
cient Artaxata,) t. Persian Armenia, on the
Aras ; 15 S. Erivan ; now in ruins.
Ardfert, t. Ireland, in Kerry ; 4 NNW. Tralee.
It was anciently the capital of the county, with
an university, but is now very much reduced.
It was formerly a bp. see, but now united to
Limerick. Ardfinnan, v. Ireland, in Tipperary, on the
Suir ; 6 NW. Clonmel.
Ardgis, or Artisch, (an Ardeiscus,) r. which
rises in the mountains between Walachia and
Transylvania, about 10 SE. Hermanstadt, passes
by Kordedeardi, Piteszti, Butroi, he. and runs
into the Danube' near Mireni.
Ardglass, s-p. Ireland, in Down, on a prom
ontory which projects into the Irish sea; 5
SE. Dpwnpatrick. Lon. 5. 29. W. Lat. 54. 15.
N. It was formerly a place of strength and im
portance, but at present contains little vestiges
of strength or splendour, with a ruined church,
and but few houses.
Ardia, (an. Ardea,) t. Italy, in the Campagna
di Roma, on a small river, near the Mediterra
nean ; 5 S. Albano.
Ardiere, r. France, which runs into the Saone,
in the principality of Dombes.
Ardily, r. which rises in Spain, and runs into
the Guadiana, near Moura, in Portugal.
Ardingay, t. Carnatic ; 20 N. Ongole.
Ardingay, t. Hind., in Marawar ; 20 SE. Tru-
mian. Ardjolee, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 15 S. So-
hajepour. Ardis, (an. Artagera, or Arlaquicerta, t. A.
Turkey, in Diarbekir, on a branch of the Ti
gris ; NNW. Diarbekir.
Ardiscus, now Arda.
Ardislan, (an. Articene,) t. Persia, in Irak ; 80
NNE. Ispahan. Lon. 53. E. Lat. 33. 20. N.
Ardivoran Head, N. extremity of North Uist ;
Lon. 7. 20. W. Lat. 57. 41. N.
Ardlen, t. Abascia ; 44 WSW. Anakopia.
Ardmore, s-p. Ireland, in Waterford, in a bay
to which it gives name ; 8 SW. Dungarvon.
Lon. 7. 41. E. Lat. 51. 48. N. Here is a fine
round tower, 100 feet high, and 45 in circum
ference. Ardmore Head, cape on W. coast of Skye.
Lon. 6. 38. W. Lat. 51. 37. N.
Ardmore Head, cape on S. coast of Ireland,
in Waterford ; Lon. 7. 41. E. Lat. 51. 56. N.
Ardmurlcenish Bay, bay on W. coast of Scot
land. Lon. 5. 54. W. Lat. 56. 28. N.
Ardnaglass, bay on W. coast of Ireland, and
N. coast of the county of Sligo ; 6 SW. Sligo.
Lon. 8. 30. W. Lat. 54. 16. N.
Ardois, mt. Nova-Scotia ; 12 NW. Halifax. '¦¦
Ardona, t. Naples, in Capitanata; 12 N. Ascolu

ARE

81

ARE

Jtrdore, t. Naples, Calabria Ultra ; 6 S. Gierace.
Ardost Daghi, mt. A. Turkey, in Caramania ;
25 S. Erekli.
Ardra, or Arzem, city, Africa, capital of a
kingdom, on the Euphrates, about 40 miles in
land. Lon. 1. 52. E. Lat. 6. 36. N. The walls
are 9 miles in circuit. The streets are broad,
and the houses are built at a little distance from
each other. The city is surrounded with palm
trees. The countiy is situated on the Slave
coast. The climate is very unwholesome ; the
soil fertile, and for Africa, well cultivated ; pro
ducing maize, millet, palm wine, fruits, he.
Ardre, r. France, which joins the Loire, at
Nantes. Ardres, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 2 posts
SE. Calais, 3 NW. St. Omer. Pop. 1,602.
Ardres, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, on a
small river which runs into the Allier; 9 SW.
Issoire. Ardrossan, parish, Scot., in which the town
of Saltcoats is situated ; 12 NNW. Ayr. Lon.
4. 39. W. Lat. 55, 42. N. Pop. 2,526. It takes
its name from a small promontory on W. coast
of the county of Ayr, called Ardrossan Point,
which terminates in a ridge of rocks running
into the sea.
Ardsche, see Argieh.
Ardstraw, t. Ireland, in Tyrone, anciently the
sea of a bishop ; 6 S. Strabane.
Arduba, now Knin.
Ardvert, t. France, in Lower Charente ; 18
W. Saintes. Pop. 2,600.
Ardwick, t. Eng., in Lancashire, 1 mile from
Manchester. Pop. 1,762.
Are, see Aire.
Arebalo, see Arevalo.
Arebito, t. Porto Rico ; 30 m. St. John.
Arebo, or Arbon, t Africa, in Benin ; 60 miles
from the sea. Lon. 5. 8. E. Lat. 5. 58. N. It
is large and well peopled, on the river Formo
sa. The English and Dutch had factories here.
Areca, see Larek.
Arech, or Harench, fortress or castle, Syria;
12 miles from Antioch.
Arecive, t. S. A. in Buenos-Ayres ; 120 NW.
Buenos-Ayres. Areck, (L\) see Larek.
Arecusa, t. Japan, Niphon ; 10 NW. Jedo.
Ared, (El,) ridge of mountains, which cross
Arabia Deserta from NE. to SW.
Areg, or Arrack, t. Hind., in Visiapour; S
ESE. Men-itch.
Arekea, see Arkiko.
Arelat, km. which comprehended Dauphine,
Provence, Burgundy, Savoy, and the west of
Switzerland; and was sometimes called the
kingdom of Burgundy. It had its existence in
the 9th century, and took its name from Aries,
its metropolis
Arelate, now Aries.
Aremberg, t. Ger., capital of a duchy of the
same name, in Lower-Rhine, on the Ahr, in the
Eiffel ; 26 S.Cologne, 60 SSW. Bonn. Lon. 6.
44. E. Lat. 50. 32. N. Pop. of the town, 201 ;
of the duchy 3,000. It is now included in the
grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, and belongs
to Prussia.
Arena, r. Sicily, which runs into th&sea near
the town of Mazara.
Vol. I. 11

Arena, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 16 E.
Nicotera. Arenaum, now Arnheim.
Arenal, t. S. A. in Tucuman ; 66 N. St. Mi
guel de Tucuman.
Arendal, see Arndal.
Arendonck, t. S. Brabant ; 6 E. Turnhout, 12
NE. Herentals. Pop. 2,424.
Arendsee, t. Pru., in Magdeburg, on the side
of a lake, formed by an earthquake in 811 ;
10 NE. Salzwedel, 18 NW. Stendal. Lon. 11.
35. E. Lat. 52. 47. N. Pop. 1,445.
Arenoe, small isl. in the North Sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 70. 6. N.
Arens, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast ;
24 NE. Barcelona.
Arensberg, t. Pru., Westphalia, capital of a
government of the same name, on the Roer ;
40 SSE. Munster, 48 NE. Cologne. Lon. 8. 7.
E. Lat. 51.23. N. Pop. 2,545. It contains a
gymnasium, 2 catholic churches, and has a
castle. — The government is divided into 14
circles. Pop. 371,621. Sq. m. 2,724.
Arensberg, t. Hesse, in Schauenburg ; 5 N.
Rinteln. Arensberg, s-p. Russia, in Livonia, capital of
a circle on the island of Ezel, in the Baltic ; 96
SW. Revel. Lon. 22. 28. E. Lat. 58. 15. Pop.
1,397. Arensberg, t. Ger., in Mecklenburg ; 7 NW.
Furstenburg, S S. Strelitz.
Arensberg, t. Holstein ; 16 NE. Hamburg.
Arensboek, t. Holstein ; 12 NW. Lubeck.
Arenswalde,t. Pru., Brandenburg, in Frankfort,
capital of a circle.; 50 NNE. Kustrin, 94 NE.
Berlin. Lon. 15. 29. E. Lat. 53. 14. N. Pop.
2,403. Arentes, two small islands in the E. Indian
Sea. Lon. 115. 11. E. Lat. 5. 13. S.
Arenusa, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 16 W.
St. Severina.
Areopolis, now Moab.
Arequipa, district, Peru. The climate is good,
and the land fertile, and always covered with
grain and rich verdure ; the abundant pastures
support great quantities of cattle. The princi
pal towns are Arequipa and Aranta.
Arequipa, city, Peru ; 180 S. Cusco, 340 NW.
La Plata. Lon. 71. 48. W. Lat. 16. 30. S. Pop.
stated from 24, to 40,000. Bp. see. The houses
are well built, of stone, and are vaulted, and
are much decorated on the out side. It con
tains a cathedral, a college, a hospital, 3 nun
neries, 6 convents, &c Near it is a volcano, and
the countiy is subject to frequent earthquakes-;
but this evil seems to be overbalanced by the
mildness of the climate, and the beauty and
fertility of the country round about. Aranta is
the port of Arequipa.
Ares, t. Tyrol ; 11 SW. Tyrol.
Aresche, t. France, in Jura ; 6 E. Arbbis.
Aresgol, see Arzew.
Areskula, t. Sweden, in Jamtland ; 50 NW.
Froson. Arethusa, now Restoun.
Arethusa, spring or rivulet, near Syracuse, in
Sicily; formerly celebrated for the abundance
of its fish. It has none at present.
ArevalUlo, (an. Areva,) r. Spain, which runs
into the Adaja, a little above Arevalo.

ARG
Arevalo, or Arebalo, t. Spain, in Old-Castile,
on the confines of Leon, between the rivers
Adaja, and Arevalillo ; 18 E. Medina del Cam-
po. Pop. 4,500.
Arevalo, t. on E. coast of the island of Panay.
Lon. 122. 40. E. Lat. 10. 45. N.
Arezibo, t. Porto Rico ; 9 miles St. John.
Arezzo, (an. Arctium,) t. Tuscany; 25 ENE.
Sienna, 34 SE. Florence. Lon. 11. 50. E. Lat.
43. 28. N. Pop. 8,000. Bp. see. It contains a
cathedral, 2 collegiate and 15 parish churches,
and 4 hospitals. In the time of the Romans, it
was a place of considerable trade ; and when
Scipio passed into Africa, this town supplied
his army with 120,000 bushels of wheat. — Na
tives, Maecenas, Petrarch, and Aretin.
Arfadag, mt. Arabia, 30 miles from Medina.
It is much venerated by the Musselmans, as the
spot where Abraham went to offer up his son
Isaac. They say too, that the angel Gabriel
first- appeared to their prophet on this spot.
Arfara, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
near S. coast of Yell. Lon. 1. 20. W. Lat. 60.
47. N.
Arfeuille, t. France, in Allier ; 12 E. Cusset,
12 S. Donjon. Pop. 2,250.
Arfoits, Jerfoi, lake, Sweden, in the Lapmark
ofPitea; 60 W. Pitea.
Arga, r. Spain, which rises in Navarre, and
runs into the Aragon, near Peralta.
Arga Taghi, mountains, Asia, between Great
and Little Bukharia.
Argana, or Argeenali, t. A. Turkey, and capi
tal of a principality of the same name, in Diar
bekir, on a mountain abounding with metallic
ores ; 20 NW. Diarbekir.
Argana, t. Turkish Armenia ; 18 SSW. Erze
rum. Argancy, t. France, in Moselle ; 5 N. Metz,
9 S. Thionville.
Arganda, t. Spain, in New-Castile ; 12 SE.
Madrid. Pop. 600.
Arganil, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 16 E. Coim-
bra. Pop. 1,100.
Argao, t. on E. coast of Sibu. Lon. 123. 39.
E. Lat. 10. 18. N.
Argarossa, r. Savoy, which runs into the Isere,
3 NW. Monstier.
Argasch, t. Russia, in Simbirsk ; 64 WSW.
Simbirsk. Lon. 46. 44. E. Lat. 55. N.
Argathalia, see Argyleshire.
Argau, see Aargau.
Argaum, v. Hind., Berar, near Ellichpour.
Arge, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris; 170
NW. Bassora.
Arge, r. Prussia, Lithuania, which runs into
the Nemonin, 4 NW. Wipe.
Argeles, t. France, in E. Pyrenees, near the
Mediterranean ; 12 S. Perpignan. Pop. 1,360.
Argellez, t. France, and principal place of a
district, in Higher-Pyrenees; 20 SSE. Pau.
Lon. 0. 3. W. Lat. 43. N. Pop. 810.
Argen, r. Swabia, which rises in 2 branches,
about 7 N. Constance, and runs into the lake,
5 E. Buchow.
Argences, t. France, in Calvados ; 7 ESE.
Caen, 15 AV. Lisieux. Pop. 1,283.
Argens, or Argeniz, (an. Argenteus,) r. France,
which runs into the sea, near Frejus.

82

ARG

Argent, t. France, in Cher; 4 N. Auhigny,
12 W. Chatillon sur Loire.
Argenla, r. Albania, which runs into the Adri
atic, 6 N. Durazzo.
Argentac, t. France, in Correze on the Dor-
dogne ; 12 SE. Tulle. Pop. 2,580.
Argentan, (an. Argentomiim, or Argentoma-
gumj t. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Orne ; 12 S. Falaise, 18 N. Alencon.
Lon. 0. 3. E. Lat. 48. 44. N. Pop. 5,618.— Na
tive, Mezeray.
Argentaro, (an. Orbelus, and Scardus,) mt.
Bulgaria ; 30 N. Nissa.
Argenleau, t. Neth., Limburg ; 6 W. Dalem.
Argenteuil, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise; 8
NW. Paris. Pop. 4,762. It is surrounded with
walls and ditches, and formerly had a Benedic
tine nunnery, of which the celebrated Heloise
was prioress. In the neighbourhood are quar
ries of good gypsum.
Argenteuil, t. France, in Yonne ; 8 S. Ton-
nerre. Pop. 780.
Argenthal, t. Pru., Lower Rhine, in Treves,
formerly belonging to the duchy of Simmern ;
4 SE. Simmern, 40 E. Treves. Lon. 7. 35. E.
Lat. 49. 58. N.
Argcntiera, (an. Cimolis, or Cimolus, called
by the modern Greeks Kimoli,) isl. in the Gre
cian Archipelago. Lon. 24. 42. E. Lat. 36. 47.
N. Pop. 500. It is about 18 miles in circ, and
separated from Milo by a narrow strait. The
face of the countiy is rocky, and the soil, for
the most part, barren. Some fields of rye and
cotton are seen, with a few vines, olive and
mulberry trees. The inhabitants are taxed by
the Porte at 15,000 or 16,000 piastres, which
they have great difficulty to raise.
Ar gentler a, t. Italy, in Belluno ; 11 NNW.
Cadora. Argenliere, (L\) t. France, in Higher-AlpS,
on the Durance ; 9 N. Mont Dauphin. -
Argenliere, t. France, in Ardeche ; 20 W. Vi-
viers. Pop. 1,706.
Argentina, now Slrebernich.
Argentine, or Argentiere, t. Savoy, near the
Arc ; 13 N. St. Jean de Maurienne, 16 ESE.
Chambery. . Pop. 903.
Argentina, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, at the
foot of the Apennines ; 10 SW. Bisignano.
Argenton, t. France, and principal place ofa
district, in Indre, on the Creuse ; 15 SSW.
Chateauroux, 18 W. la Chatre. Lon. 1. 25. E.
Lat. 46. 35. N. Pop. 3,395.
Argenton le Chdteau, t. France, Two-Sevres
and district of Thouars ; 8 W. Thouars, 20 N.
Partenay. Lon. 0. 22. W. Lat. 46. 59. N. Pop
S75. Argenton les Eglises, t. France, Two-Sevres
4 N. Thouars, 8 NE. Argenton le Chateau. Pop
780. Argentre sur Laval, t. France, in Mayenne
4 E. Laval. Pop. 1,650.
Argentre sous Vitri, t. France, in Ille-ani
Villaine ; 7 NNE. la Guerche. Pop. 2,300.
Argentoratum, now Strasburg.
Argieh, or Ardsche, t. Arabian Irak, on the
Euphrates ; 25 N. Sura. It is a considerable
town. Argilly, t. France, in Cote-d'-Or; 15 S.Dijon.
Argiro Castro, or Adrianople, (an. Antigoriv!)

ARG

8-3

ARD

t. Eu. Turkey, in Epire, on the Vojussa ; 45
SE. Valona. Lon. 20. 19. E. Lat. 40. 15. N.
Argiro Castro, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ; 27
NNW. Lepanto. Lon. 21. 42. E. Lat. 38. 58. N.
Argis-Dag, (an. Argaus,) mt. A. Turkey, in
Caramania, between Tocat, Sivas, and Kaisa-
ria. It is covered with perpetual snow, and
must therefore be as much as 9, or 10,000 feet
high. Argisch, t. Walachia, on the borders of Tran
sylvania ; 50 SE. Hermanstadt, 45 W. Tergo-
vitza. It has a rich cloyster and 6 churches,
but is meanly built.
Argisch, (an. Arzes,) t. Curdistan, in Van, at
the mouth of a river on N. coast of Lake Van ;
45 NW. Van, 140 SE. Erzerum. Lon. 43. 10.
E. Lat. 38. 35. N.
Argite, small isl. in the gulf of Engia, near
the coast of Greece ; 16 E. Engia. Lon. 23. 54.
E. Lat. 37. 42. N.
Arglas, see Ardglass.
Arglore, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 16 SW.
Tiagar. Argo, or Arhos, (an. Argos,) t. Turkey, in the
Morea, on the Nacho ; 20 S. Corinth, 64 SSE.
Lepanto. Lon. 22. 47. E. Lat. 37. 48. N. Pop.
variously stated from 4, to nearly 10,000 Greeks.
Bp. see. It was once the capital of a kingdom call
ed Argos, or Argolis, in the Peloponnesus, said
to have been founded as early as the time of
Abraham. It is much reduced from its ancient
splendour, but is defended by a citadel, and ex
hibits some remains of antiquity.
Argob, now Ergab.
Argol, t. France, in Finisterre ; 6 NW. Cha-
teaulin, 16 N. Quimper.
Argolic Gulf, now Gulf of Napoli:
Argolis, or Argeiaj ancient country in NE.
part of Peloponnesus. Chief cities, Argos and
Mycenae. Argon, see Formosa.
Argonda, t. Carnatic ; 20 NW. Chittoor.
Argonne, woody country, France, before the
revolution, about 64 miles in length between
the Meuse, the Marne, the Aisne ; St. Mene-
hold was the capital.
Argos Amphilochium, now Filoquia.
Argostoli, (an. Cranii,) s-p. Cephalonia, chief
town of the island; 8 WSW. Cephalonia. Pop.
6,000. Greek bp. see. The houses are small
and meanly built, but the harbour is good, the
best in the island.
Argouges, t. France, in Channel ; 12 S.
Avranches. H. 230.
Argow, or Argau, see Aargau.
Argu, t. Syria ; 5 SE. Damascus.
Arguedas, t. Spain, Navarre; 7 from Tudella.
Argueil, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 18 NE.
Rouen, 9 WNW. Gournay.
Arguin, supposed to be the ancient Cerne,
isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Senegam-
bia, 2 miles long ; 30 SE. Cape Blanco. It has
considerable bay and a fort. Lon. 16. 20. W.
Lat. 20. 23. N.
Argun, or Argunia, or Ergoni, r. which rises
from a lake in Chinese Tartary, called Coulon
Nor or Dalai, situated Lon. 119„14. E. Lat. 49.,
and joins the Amur in Lon. 121. 14. E. Lat.
53. This river forms the boundaries of the
Russian and Chinese empires, according to the

treaty of Nertschinsk. In this river there is
a good pearl fishery, and, several silver mines
near its banks.
Argunskoi, t. and fort, Russia, in Irktusk, on
the confines of China; 130 E. Nertschinsk.
Lon. 120. 14. E. Lat. 50. 50. N. It is the far
thest fort of the Russians towards the east, on
the Mongalian frontiers, first built in 1682, on
E. bank of the Argun. It is well garrisoned ;
and carries on a considerable trade with the
Mongals. The country round it is very fertile,
and the air healthy ; but so cold, that even in
summer the earth in many places is not thawed
above two or three feet below the surface. Not
far from Argunsk are the Argunskian, or, as
they are sometimes called; the Nertschinskian
silver mines.
About 6 SE. of this place is a mountain of
beautiful green jasper. In the neighbouring
waste are several salt lakes.
Argy, t. France, in Indre ; 10 E. Chatillon.
Pop. 1,480.
Argyle, t. Nova Scotia, on SW. coast; 22 W.
Shelburn. Argyle, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. on E. side
of the Hudson ; 45 N. Albany, W. 403. Pop.
2,811. Bog ore in great quantities is found ia
this town.
Argyleshire, or County of Inverary, maritime
county, Scotland; bounded N. by Inverness, E.
by the counties of Perth and Dumbarton, S.
by the Irish Sea and the Frith of Clyde, and
W by the Caledonian or North Atlantic ; about
112 miles in length, and 42 in breadth. It is
divided into 6 districts, Argyle, Kintyre, Cowal,
Lorn, Islay, and Mull. Chief towns, Inverary
and Campbelltown. Sq. m. 3,800, of which,
1,063 are insular, and 2,735 continental. Pop.
85,585. Families, 17,368 ; 8,421 employed in,
agriculture, 3,419 in trade and manufactures,
5,528 otherwise.
A large portion of this county consists of
heath, rocks, and mountains. The sides of
some of the mountains are clothed with woods,
and abound with deer, and growse are numer
ous among the heath. Valuable minerals, as
iron, lead, copper, marble, he. are found. The
lands are particularly adapted to grazing, and
numerous herds of black cattle are reared. It
was anciently called Argathalia, and made a
part of the Caledonian kingdom.
Argyra, an. t. Sicily, at foot of mount Etna.
Argyro-Castro, or Piresnedi, (an. Phanole and
Hadrianopolis,) t. Albania, in the district of
Vallona, on the Drino ; the seat of a pacha.
H. 4,000. Pop. 20,000.
Arhenk, or Arhung, or Arhungserai, t. Balk,
on the Harrat ; 42 NE. Balk. Lon. 60. 40. E.
Lat. 37. N.
Arhew, r. Algiers, which runs into the Shelif,
7 W. Mejerdah.
Arhus, or Arhusen, see Aarhus.
Ari, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 5 SE. Civi
ta di Chieti.
Aria, or Ariana, ancient countiy, Asia; now
Charasm. Its chief city was of the same
name, now Herat.
Aria, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 18 SSE. Nangasaki..
Ariana, t. Africa, near Tunis, where are thet
remains of a magnificent aqueduct.

ARI

84

ARK

Arianeopang, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 3 S.
Pondicherry. Ariano, t. Italy, on a branch of the Fo ; 24
NE. Ferrara.
Ariano, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra ;
15 E. Benevento, 43 NE. Naples. Lon. 15. E.
Lat. 41. 8. N. Pop. 9,809. It is built upon
the uneven summit of a mountain, with an ex
tensive look-out on all sides ; but exposed to
every blast that blows. It has 20 parish chur
ches and convents, besides an ill-endowed ca
thedral. It has often been visited by earth
quakes, particularly in 1456 and 1732.
Ariaspa, now Dergasp.
Arica, s-p. Peru, and capital of a jurisdiction
in the diocess of Arequipa, with a bad har
bour, open to the Pacific Ocean ; 210 NW. La
Plata. Lon. 70. 11. W. Lat. 18. 27. S. In this
port the silver from the mines of Potosi is
shipped for Europe. Near it is a mountain of
rock-salt, great quantities of which are dug and
sent to all parts of the coast.
Aricari, t. Brazil, on the Xingi ; 90 WSW.
Para. Aricari, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 51. 46. W. Lat. 20. N.
Aricaries, Indians, in Louisiana, on the Mis
souri, 1440 miles from the Mississippi. No. 800.
Ariconium, now Ross.
Aricuru, t. Brazil, in Para, on the Guanapu ;
125 WSW. Para.
Aridana, t. Arabia ; 10 SW. Mecca.
Aridrong, or Aridsong, t. Thibet ; 152 N. Cat-
mandu. Lon. 84. 45. E. Lat. 29. 50. N.
Arielore, t. Carnatic ; 20 N. Tanjore.
Arien, small isl. in the Adriatic, near the
coast of Italy ; 9 N. Venice.
Arienzo, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 14 NE. Na
ples. Pop. 10,727.
Arjeplog, t. Swedish Lapland ; 105 WNW.
Pitea. Lon. 17. 30. E. Lat. 65. 57. N.
Aries Kill, r. N. Y. in Montgomery co., which
runs into the Mohawk, 2^ miles above the
mouth of the Schoharie.
Arietour, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 28 N.
Tanjore. Arigas, t. on W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 96.
19. E. Lat. 3. 39. N.
Arigna, iron mines, and works of Ireland, in
Leitrim, near Lough-Allen ; 14 SE. Sligo.
Arignano, t. Tuscany, on the river Arno, be
tween Florence and Arezzo.
Arignay, t. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 15
W. Rieux, 9 NNE. St. Gaudens.
Arim, t. Hind., in Gundwana ; 80 SE. Rut-
tenpour. Arima, t. Japan, in a country of the same
name. Lon. 129. 24. E. Lat. 31. 45. N.
Arimathea, see Rama.
Ariminum, now Rimini.
Arimoa, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the E.
coast of Timor ; fertile and populous.
Arina, now Giran.
Arinkill, see Warangole.
Arinas, r. Brazil, which runs N. into the To-
payas. Arinthot, t, France, in Jura ; 7 S. Orgelet.
Pop. 1,817.
Ariola, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra; 14
WSW. Benevento.

Ariolica, how Pesshiera.
Arjona, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Rio
Frio ; 6 S. Andujar. Pop. 3,200.
Ariowara, t. Sweden, in the Lapmark of
Tornea. Lon. 25. 34. E. Lat. 69. 30. N.
Aripo, t. Ceylon, on W. coast ; 80 NNW.
Candi. Aris, t. Prussia, in Natangen; 17 SW. Lick,
86 SE. Konigsberg.
Arisala, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 40 E. China-
Balabarum. Arisba, an. t. Asia, SE. Abydos.
Arisdong, t. Thibet, in S. part. Lon. 84.46.
E. Lat. 29. 49. N.
Arise, t. France, in Marne; 17 S. Chalons.
Pop. 1,300.
Arish, (El,) (an. Rhinocorura,) t. Egypt, near
a gulf of the Mediterranean, to which it gives
name, in the road from Catieh to Gaza ; 36
SE. Gaza, 15S NE. Cairo. Lon. 32. 10. E,
Lat. 31. 4. N. This place is famous for the
surrender of the French army to the British
and Turks, chiefly under the conduct of Sir
Sidney Smith.
Arisminera, t. Syria ; 12 N. Hamah.
Arispe, t. Mexico, capital of Sonora, at the
head of the Hiaqui river; 160 SSE. Casa
Grande. Lon. 108. 58. W. Lat. 30. 36. N. Pop.
7,600. This town is celebrated for its hospi
tality, and for the great quantity of gold used
at the table services of the chief families.
Aritzar, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria; 10 S.
Viddin. Arms, now Heri-rud.
Arjusgunge, t. Bengal ; ENE. Curruckpour.
Arjuzan, t. France, in Landes ; 11 N.Tartas.
Ariza, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 14 W. Calataiud.
Arka, t. A. Turkey, in Aladulia; 21 W. Ma-
latia, 70 NE. Marasch.
Arkadinskaia, t. Russian Tartary, in the coun
try of the Cosacks, on the river Medveditza ;
124 SW. Saratov, 240 NE. Azoph. Lon. 43. 4.
E. Lat. 50. 10. N.
ARKANSAS, or ARKANSAW TERRITORY,
district of country belonging to the U. States,
bounded N. by the territory and state of Missouri,
E. by the Mississippi, which separates it from the
states of Tennessee and Mississippi, S. by Lou
isiana and Mexico, and W. by Mexico. Be
tween Lon. 90. and 100. W. Lat. 32. 40. and
36. 30. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,062; in 1820,
14,273; slaves, 1,617. It was erected into a
territorial government in 1819.
Divisions. It is divided into the 7 following
cou nties, which are subdivided into 30 town
ships. The population is given according to
the census of 1820.
Counties. Pop. Counties. Pop.
Lawrence  5,602 Clark  1,040
Phillips  1,210 Hempstead  2,248
Arkansas  1,260 Miller  999
Pulaski  1,923 
Total  14,273
Towns. The towns are few and small. Ar
kansas has hitherto been the seat of govern
ment, but Little Rock has been fixed upon to
succeed it. Among the other small towns are
Davidsonville and Cadron.

ARK

85

ARL

Rivers. The Arkansas flows through the
cehtral part ; the Mississippi forms the eastern,
and Red river a part of the southern boundary.
The other principal rivers are White, St. Fran
cis, and Washita or Ouachitta rivers.
Face of the country and soil. For the space
of about 150 miles west of the Mississippi, the
countiy is very level ; afterwards it becomes
hilly, rocky, and broken. The soil on the Ar
kansas, and on the rivers generally, is exceed
ingly fertile ; but, with the exception of the
parts bordering on the streams of water, the
soil is poor for the space of 2, or 300 miles west
of the Mississippi ; beyond that it becomes
very good. In the southern part of the terri
tory the land is higher and better than in the
northern. Natural meadows or prairies are
abundant, some of them of immense ex
tent. Throughout the most of the country
there is a great scarcity of water.
Productions. Cotton and corn are the staple
productions. The countiy is exceedingly well
adapted to the raising of cattle. Wild ani
mals and fowls are abundant, as the buffalo,
deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon, wild
cat, catamount, wolf, bear, &.c; wild geese,
turkeys, quails, he. — Of minerals, there are
iron, lead, coal, salt, &.c — There are several
salt springs, and 1,300 or 1,400 miles up the Ar
kansas is a tract called the salt prairie, which,
according to Governor Miller, is covered for
many miles, from 4 to 6 inches deep, with
pure, white, crystallized salt. — About 150 miles
NW. Arkansas are the famous Hot Springs.
They are much resorted to by invalids, and are
useful in chronic and paralytic affections. The
temperature in the driest seasons is at boiling
point, but subject to considerable variation.
Climate. The climate, though mild, is un
healthy to new settlers. The diseases are fever
and ague, bilious fever, he.
Indians. The principal tribes of Indians in
this territory, are the Osages, Cherokees, Qua-
pas, Choctavvs, Cadoes, Camanches, he.
Arkansds, or Arkansaw, r. N. A. which rises
in the Rocky Mountains, about N. Lat. 42, near
the sources of the Del Norte, and near the
borders of the territory of the U. States and
Mexico. It forms a part of the boundary be
tween the Missouri Territory and Mexico,
flows through the central part of Arkansas Ter
ritory, and unites with the Mississippi, Lat. 33.
40. N. Its course is ESE. It is navigable
for boats at some seasons 1,980 miles ; its whole
length is 2,170 miles. Its channel is broad,
and its navigation safe, unobstructed by rocks,
shoals, or rapids. Silver is found on this river,
and much of the land on its banks is of the
first quality.
Arkansds, or Arkansaw, p-t. Arkansas Terri
tory, in a county of the same name, on the
Arkansas, about 70 miles above its mouth ; W.
3,470. Lon. 91. 30. W. Lat. 33. 58. N. It was
commenced before the beginning of the last
century by the French, but has always been
small. It contained, in 1820, a land office, a
printing office, a jail, and 30 or 40 houses,
mostly built of logs. The inhabitants, till within
3 years past, were mostly French and Catholics.
It has been hitherto the seat of the territoral
government-.

Arkansas, Indians, N. A., on the Arkansas,
300 miles from its mouth. No. 600. They
raise corn for sale, and are accounted friendly.
Arkaveh, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, on the
Black Sea ; 35 ENE. Rizeh.
Arkavia, or Arxavia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wala-
chia, on the borders of Transylvania; 18 SSE.
Hermanstadt Arkel, t. Holland, on the Ling, which gives
name to a district ; 3 N. Gorcum.
Arki, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 20 ESE. Cal-
berga. Arkiko, or Arkeeko, or Areekea, or Erkiko,
(an. Adulis,) s-p. Abyssinia, on the Red Sea, at
the bottom of the bay of Masuah. Lon. 39. 45.
E. Lat. 15. 32. N. It contains about 400 mis
erable huts of clay ; and the inhabitants are
represented as exceedingly treacherous and
hostile.— Adulis was anciently the chief empo
rium of this region.
Arkingarthdale, t. Eng., in the North Riding
of Yorkshire ; 8 N. Askrigg.
Arkil-kan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 18 E.
Akshehr. Arklow, s-p. Ireland, in Wicklow, with a
harbour for small vessels ; 12 S. Wicklow.
Lon. 6. W. Lat. 52, 48. N.
Arklow Bank, sand banks in the Irish Sea,
about 10 miles in length, but hardly 1 in breadth;
5 miles from the coast of Ireland, the town of
Arklow being nearly opposite the centre.
Ark-port, p-v. in Canisteo, Steuben co. N.Y.,
on the Canisteo ; 25 W. Bath, W. 323.
Arle,t. Austria, in Salzburg; 10 SW.Radstadt;
33 SSE. Salzburg.
Art, (Gross,) r. Ger. which runs into the Sal-
za ; 6 SW. St. John, in Salzburg.
Arl, (Klein,) r. Ger. which runs into the Sal-
za, near the town of St. John.
Arlanc, or Arlant, t. France, in Puy-de-Dflme;
9 S. Ambert. Pop. 3,409.
Arlanza, r. Spain, which runs into the Pisuer-
ga, between Palencia and Valladolid.
Arlanza, t. Spain, Old Castile ; 25 S. Burgos.
Arlanson, r. Spain, which joins the Arlanza,
near Palenzuela.
Arlay, t. France, in Jura ; 5 N. Lons-le-Sau-
nier. Pop. 1,353.
Arlberg, part of the Rhactian Alps, which se
parates the countiy of Tyrol from the counties
of Bregentz, Pludentz, Feldkirch, and Mont-
fort. Arte, r. Denmark, which runs into the North
Sea ; 4. S. Bredstede.
Arlcn, t. Tyrol, on a mountain ; 8 NW. Lan-
deck. Aries, t. France, in East-Pyrenees ; 18 SW.
Perpignan. Lon. 2. 43. E. Lat. 42. 27. N.
Pop. 1,226.
Aries, (an. Arelate,) city, France, and princi
pal place of a district in Mouths-of-the-Rb6ne ;
before the revolution it was Abp. see ; 7 posts
NNW. Marseilles, 86 SSE. Paris. Lon. 5. 38.
E. Lat. 43. 40. N. Pop. 18,470. H. 2,000. It
carries on some trade in corn, wine, oil, fruit,
sheep, and sausages, and has manufactures of
serge, gold and silver articles, and salt-petre.
The surrounding country is marshy and un
healthy, but fruitful. Many councils have
been held here, particularly one in 314, against

ARM

86

the Donatists. There are several monuments
of antiquity yet remaining, particularly an am
phitheatre and an obelisk. Aries was a consid
erable place when Julius Caesar warred against
the Gauls. Constantine was much pleased
with its situation, and for some time made it
the seat of empire. Euric, king of the Visi
goths, made it his residence. It was sometime
the royal city of the Burgundian kings, and the
kingdom called also the kingdom of Aries, or
'.Al'plflf' Arlesega, t. Italy, in Padua; 8 NW. Padua.
Arlesheim, t. Switz., in Bale, 3 S. Bale. It is
remarkable for its romantic scenery.
Arleux,t. France, in North ; 8 NW. Cambray.
Pop. 1,460.
Arlier, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 15 NNE. Oussor.
Arlington, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. ; 15 N.
Bennington, W. 411. Pop. in 1810, 1,468 ; in
1820, 1,354. It contains an academy and a
printing office. A quarry of good marble is
found here.
Arlon, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on an
eminence, near the source of the Semoy ; 13
NW. Luxemburg. Lon. 5. 28. E. Lat. 49. 53. N.
Pop. 3,128. On the 9th of June 1793, the
Austrians were defeated near this town by the
French, under Gen. Laage, with the loss of an
immense quantity of military stores.
Arlsio, t. Finland ; 55 ESE. Tavasthus.
Arly, r. Savoy, which runs into the Isere, near
Conflans. Arm Island, small isl. at E. entrance of the
straits of Sunda. Lon. 106. 30. E. Lat. 5.45.N.
Arma, t. S. America, in Popayan, on a river
which runs into the Cauca; 200 N. Popayan,
84 S. Santa Fe de Antioquia. Lon. 74. 56. W.
Lat. 5. 25. N.
Armacotta, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 63 S.by
W. Tanjore.
Armagh, p-t. Indiana co. Pa. ; W. 170.
Armagh, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,613.
Armagh, co. Ireland, in the provinceof Ulster;
bounded N. by Tyrone and Lough-Neagh, E. by
Down, S. by Louth, and W. by Tyrone and
Monaghan ; 31 miles from N. to S. and 20 from
E. to W. Sq. m. 459. Pop. 141,381. The linen
manufacture flourishes in this county. The
principal towns are Armagh, Lurgan, Black-
water-Town, and Portadown. The face of the
country is diversified with hills, but the soil is
fertile, and generally well cultivated. Two
members are sent to parliament for the county,
and one for Armagh.
Armagh, (an. Regia,) city, Ireland, and capi
tal of the county, so called; 46 SSE. London
derry, 62 N. Dublin. Lon. 6. 37. W. Lat. 54.
21. N. H. 1,268. Pop. in 1817, 7,010; 2,001
of the established church, 3,413 catholics, and
1,596 dissenters, mostly Presbyterians. It was
anciently the metropolis of Ireland, and in the
middle centuries an extensive and populous
city, and celebrated as a place of learning,
having at one period, according to the Irish
historians, 7,000 students at its college. It is
now the see of an archbishop, who is lord
primate of all Ireland. This city was much
decayed, but by the munificence of lord Rokc-
by, late archbishop, it was considerably in
creased; he built a handsome palace, and a

ARM
noble house for the school, which is a royal
foundation ; to which he added a public library
for the promotion of science. He also erected
an observatory, with a liberal income for an
astronomer,securingthe endowments byseveral
acts of the legislature.
Armagia, t. Arabia; 68 S. Cathem.
Armagnac, pr. France, before the late new
division, bordered E. by Languedoc, N. by
Agenois and Condomois, W. by Gascony, and
S. by Bigorre and Beam ; it is about 66 miles
in length, and 48 in breadth, divided into
Upper, towards the Pyrenees, and Lower,
towards Gascony. The land is tolerably fertile,
and the commerce considerable in brandy,
wine, wool, flax, he. It is now the department
of Gers. Capital city, Auch.
Armamer, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 10 S. Pes-
quiera. Armance, r. France, which runs into the Ar-
manco'n, near St. Florentin, in Yonne.
Armancon, or Armanson, r. France, which
rises near Semur-en-Auxois, and runs into the
Yonne, near Ivigny.
Armasdo, t. Brazil. Lon. 47. 20. W. Lat. 27.
5. N. It is a great fishing station for whales, of
which about 300 or 400 were usually taken in
a season ; but the fishery has now fallen off.
Armavir,- (an. Amavria,) t. Persian Armenia,
on the Aras ; 20 WSW. Erivan.'
Armeatie, t. Hind., in the district of Manick-
pour; 42 SSW. Fyzabad.
Armegon, or Armegum, t. Hind., in the Car
natic ; 28 S. Nellore.
Armenas, v. Syria ; 35 W. Aleppo.
Armeni, t. Mingrelia ; 30 SE. Isgaur.
Armenia, countiy, Asia, bounded N. by
Georgia and Mingrelia, E. by Adirbeitzan, S.
by Curdistan and Diarbekir, and W. by the
Euphrates. The boundaries and extent are not
well defined. By some it is described as ifc
eluding the province of Diarbekir. The western
part is subject to the Turks, and styled Turkish
Armenia, or Turcomania ; the eastern to Per
sia, and is styled Persian Armenia. The
southern parts are ruled by numerous inde
pendent chiefs, who acknowledge no other
sovereignty. The chief town of Turkish Ar
menia is Erzerum ; of Persian Armenia, Erivan.
The principal rivers are the Euphrates, Mo-
rad, Aras, Cars, and the head branches of the
Tigris. The countiy in general is mountainous,
and owing to its elevation, is cold for the lati
tude. Among its mountains is the celebrated
Mount Ararat. — The general appearance of
Armenia is described as very delightful and
picturesque, its valleys beautiful and of great
fertility, producing corn, wine, and fruits in
great variety ; and its climate temperate and
healthy. Valuable minerals are found, as gold,
silver, copper, lead, iron, salt, sulphur, nitre,
bitumen, jasper, and marble.
The Armenians are of an active and roving
disposition, and are the chief class of traders in
the Persian empire. They are supposed to be
a distinct race, seldom intermarrying with
other tribes, and professing a peculiar system
of Christianity, and are styed Monophysites or
Eutychians. — Some parts of the country are
inhabited by Turks or Mahometans.

ATN

87

ARN

idrmenienstadt, see Samosvivar.
Arment, or Erment, or Beled Mousa, (an.
Hermonthris,) t. Egypt, on left bank of the Nile ;
16 N. Asna. Here are ruins of a temple.
Armentequi, or Armenza, v. Spain, in Alava,
once a city and abp. see, but now only a small
place ; 1 mile from Vittoria.
Armentieres, t. France, in North, on the Lys ;
7 W. Lille, 22 E. St'Omers. Pop. 7,598.
Armento, (an. Grumentum,) t. Naples, in the
Basilicata ; 20 SSE- Potenza. Pop. 2,340.
Armel, t. Noussa Laout, one of the Molucca
Islands. Armillas, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 44 S. Sara-
gossa Armira, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on W. side of the
Gulf of Volo, on the coast of Thessaly ; 10 S.
Volo. Lon. 23. 9. E. Lat. 39. 20. N.
Armira, t. Guiana; 12 from Cayenne.
Armiro, t. Candia, with a castle garrisoned by
Janissaries ; 25 SE. Canea.
Armise, or Armix, t. France, in Ain ; 8 NW.
Belley. Pop. 1,200.
Armley, t. England, in the West Riding of
Yorkshire ; 2 W. Leeds. Pop .2,941.
Armolia, t. Scio, with a castle to protect it
from the Corsairs.
Armona, t. Negroponte ; 22 SE. Negroponte.
Armorcia, country, Gaul, between the Liger
and Sequana, including the modern provinces
of Britany and Normandy.
Armotte, see Avert.
Armsen, t. Han., in Verden ; 7 ESE. Verden.
Armsdale Head, cape on N. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 3. 56. W. Lat. 58. 36. N.
Armsheim, v. Ger., in Hesse-Darmstadt, on
the Wissbach ; 4 N. Abzey. Pop. 500.
Armstrong, co. Pa., watered by the Alleghany;
bounded N. by Venango co., E. by Jefferson
and Indiana cos., SW. by Westmoreland co.,
and W. by Butler co. Pop. 10,324. Chief town,
Kittanning. Armstrong, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 587.
Armuyden, or Arnemuden,stroags-p. Holland,
on E. side of Walcheren ; 6 NNE. Flushing.
Lon. 3.42. E. Lat. 51. 31. N. Pop. 826.
Arna, t. Kharasm ; 200 N. Urkonje.
Arna, t. Africa, and capital of a district in the
Libyan desert, inhabited by a people called
Tibboo ; 210 S. Augela. Lon. 24. E. Lat. 26. N.
Arna, t and cap. Andro, on E. coast of the
island, with a good harbour. Greek and Cath.
bp. see.
Arnas,t. Sweden, in Angermanland; 52 NNE.
Hernosand. Arnas, t. Prussia ; 4 SSW. Osterrode.
Arnau, or Hostinney, t. Bohemia, in Biczow,
on the Elbe ; 9 N. Konigingratz. Lon. 15. 37.
E. Lat. 50. 27. N. Pop. 2,026.
Arnaud Beligrad, or Berat, (an. Eordea,) t.
Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on the Chervesta ; 40
NE. Valona. Pop. 11,500. Arnaud, or Arnaut,
is the name given by the Turks to the province
of Albania.
Arnaul, t. Hind., in Baglana, on the coast ;
20 N. Basseen.
Arnaw, t. Pru., Konigsberg ; 4E. Konigsberg.
Arnay le Due, or Arnay sur Arroux,t. France,
and principal place of a district, in Cdte-d'Or,
near the Arroux ; 24 S. Semur en Auxois, 25

SW. Dijon. Lon. 34. 2. E. Lat. 47. 7. N. Pop.
2,543. Arndal, s-p. Norway, in Christiansand, on a
rock in the river Nid, with a depth of water
sufficient for the largest vessels. Lon. 8. 44. E.
Lat. 58. 27. N. Pop. 1,700.
Arndorf t. Bavaria ; 4 E. Kemnat.
Arndorf, t. Bavaria, near the Nab ; 18 ESE.
Bayreuth. Arneburg, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, on the
Elbe ; 50 W. Berlin. Lon. 12. 6. E. Lat. 62.
48. N. Pop. 1,222.
Arnedo, s-p. Peru, with a good harbour, on
the Pacific Ocean ; 27 N. Lima. Lon. 76. 54.
W. Lat. 11. 38. N.
Arnedo, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 3 S. Cala-
horra. Pop. 2,400.
Arnee, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 14 S. Arcot,
52 NW. Pondicherry. Lon. 79. 30. E. Lat. 12.
40. N.
Arnee, t. Hind., Jaghire ; 20 N. Madras.
Amemuyden, see Armuyden.
Amen, or Arnem, t. Switz. in the Valais ; 35
E. Sion.
Arnencia, v. Spain, in Biscay, formerly the
see of a bishop, removed to Vittoria.
Ameseio, t. Naples, in Bari ; 7 WSW. Andria.
Amfels, t. Stiria; 10 SE. Landsberg. H.70.
Arngatz, mt. Asia, which forms, as it were, a.
boundary between Turkish and Persian Arme
nia. Arngilzes, t. Walachia ; 42 SSE. Hermanstadt.
Arnhausen, t. Pomerania ; 24 NW. New
Stettin, 34 NE. Stargard. Lon. 15. 51. E. Lat.
53. 49. N.
Arnhausen, t. Bav., Wurzburg ; S. Kissingen.
Arnheim, (an. Arenacum,) city, Holland, cap.
Guelderland, and of a government of the same
name, on the right bank of the Rhine, near its
union with the Issel ; 30 E. Utrecht, 45 SE.
Amsterdam. Lon. 5. 37. E. Lat. 52. N. Pop.
9,437. It is a strong place, neatly built, well
situated for trade, and was formerly one of the
Hanse Towns.
Arno, (an. Arnus,) r. Italy, which rises in the
Apennine Mountains, passes by Florence, Pisa,
Sic, and enters the Mediterranean, 12 N. Leg
horn, and 4 below Pisa, to which place it is nav
igable for small vessels. Lon. 10. 16. E. Lat.
43. 40. N.
Arno, late dep. France, formed of a part of-
Etruria or Tuscany.
Arnold, t. Eng., in Nottinghamshire ; 4 N.
Nottingham. Pop. 3,042.
Arnold, r. Lower Canada, which flows into
lake Megantic
Arnold, p-t. York co. Maine ; W. 533.
Arnold's Old Place, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. ;
W. 56.
Arnoldsgrun, ¦ t. Saxony, in the Vogtland ; 4
E. Oelsnltz.
Arnoldstein, or Arlstein, t. Carinthia ; 7 SW.
Villach. Arnon, r. France, which runs into the Cher,
not far from Vierzon.
Arnon, r. Palestine, which runs SW, into the
N. part of the Dead Sea.
Arnosora, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra ;
12 SE. Salerno.
Arnota, t. Walachia ; 18 W. Kimnick,

ARO

88

ARP

Arnoya, r. Spain, which runs into the Minho,
hear Rivadavia, in Gallicia.
Arnoya, r. Portugal, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 9. 7. W. Lat. 39. 2-5. N.
Arnsburg, t. and castle, Ger., in Schwartzburg
Rudolstadt; 3 SE. Sondershausen.
Arnsdorf, t. Prussia; 11 S. Holland.
Arnsdorf, t. Prussia; 15 W. Heilsperg.
Arnsdorf, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Lower
Danube, on the Colbach. Pop. 940.
Arnsdorf, v. Pru. Silesia, circle of Hirschberg.
Pop. 800.
Arnsdorf, v. Pru. Silesia, circle of Strehlen.
Pop. 525.
Arnsfeld, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 5 S. Wol-
kenstein. Arnsheim, t. Ger., in Hesse Darmstadt ; 3 NW.
Worms, 14 SSW. Mentz.
Arnstadt, t. Ger., in Schwartzburg Sonders
hausen, capital of a district, on the Gera, over
which is a bridge of 6 arches ; 12 S. Erfurt, 20
SW. Weimar. Lon. 11.3. E. Lat. 50. 48. N.
Pop. 4,800. Among the public buildings are a
castle with a chapel, a palace erected in 1732,
alyceum, 3 parish churches, and a town house.
Arnstein, t. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg ; 7 N.
Mansfeld. Arnstein, t. Prussia ; 20 S. Brandenburg.
Arnstein, or Illosterarnstein, t. and abbey,
formerly in the electorate of Treves, now be
longing to Nassau. Pop. 2,000.
Arnstein, t. Bavaria ; 20 NNE. Wurzburg.
Lon. 10. 11. E. Lat. 50. 2. N. Pop. 1,224.—
Native, Ig. Schmidt.
Amstorf t. Austria ; 6 W. Mautern.
Arnswalde, see Arenswalde.
Arntsee, see Arendsee.
Arnus, now Arno.
Aro, r. Spain, which runs into the Mediterra
nean, 6 S. Palamos.
Aroa, r. Venezuela, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 68. 25. W. Lat. 10. 35. N.
Aroan, or Arooan, t. Africa, in Sahara, where
salt is found ; 150 NW. Tombuctoo. Lon. 0.
12. E. Lat. 18. 48. N.
Aroba, t. Africa, in Benin, on the Formosa ;
30 SW. Benin. Lon. 4. 40. E. Lat. 5. 45. N.
Aroche, t. Spain, in Seville, on the frontiers
of Estramadura ; 46 NW. Seville. It is situated
near a chain of mountains, to which it gives
name, that extends along Spanish Estramadura
to the frontiers of Portugal.
Aroe, or Pulo Aroe, small isl. in E. Indian
Sea. Lon. 105. E. Lat. 2. 28. N.
Aroer, city, Moab, on the Arnon ; 42 E. Jeru
salem. Arokhage, or Aroukhage, (an. Araehotus,) city,
Persia, and capital of a district to which it gives
name, in Segestan ; 100 S. Candahar. Lon. 65.
40. E. Lat. 31. 20. N.
Arolsen, t. Ger., in Waldeck, on the Aar, with
a palace of the Prince ; 29 SSE. Paderborn, 38
WSW. Gottingen. Lon. 9. 2. E. Lat. 51. 20. N.
Pop. 1,200.
Aromata, or Aromatum, now Cape Guardafui.
Aromaz, t. France, in Jura ; 14 S. Orgelet.
Aran, t. Persia, in Irak; 6 miles from Cashan.
Arona, t. Sardinian Milanese, in Novara, on'
the side of a hill, near the W. coast of lake
Maggiora ; 17 NNW. Novara, 23 SSE. Domo

d'Oscella. Lon. 8. 33. E. Lat. 45. 46. N. Pop.
4,000. The environs are exceedingly fertile,
and its wines much sought for.
" Aronches, or Arronches, t. Portugal, Alentejo ;
95 E. Lisbon. Lon. 7. 3. W. Lat. 38. 58. N.
Pop. 2,095. It is walled, and defended with a
castle. Aronde, r. France, which runs into the Oise,
opposite Compeigne.
Aronee, t. Hind., in Gohud ; 28 N. Narwa.
Aronia, a space of Arabian Irak, where, in
1733, the Turks were defeated by the Persians;
30 N. Bagdad.
Aroo, isl. in E. Indian Sea, about 120 miles
long, and 33 broad. Lon. 134. 42. to 135 30. E.
Lat. 5. 5. to 7. 5. S. This island has been but
very imperfectly explored, and but little is
known with respect to either the countiy or
the inhabitants. The Chinese merchants, settled
at Banda, obtain from it pearls, bird nests,
tortoise shells, and slaves.
Arooan, see Aroan.
Aroosi, beautiful country, Abyssinia, on W,
side of the Nile.
Aroostic, r. which rises in Maine, runs ESE,,
and joins the St. John's on the western border
of New Brunswick, in Lat. 42. 5. N. It is navi
gable for boats 40 miles.
Aropilly, t Hind., in Mysore ; 20 S. Banga
lore. Aros, t. Scotland, in the island of Mull, where
a post office has been established.
Arosbay, or Sammanat, t. island of Madura.
Aroscia, or Arosia, r. which crosses the Geno
ese territory from N. to S., and runs into the
Mediterranean, at Albenga.
Arosen, see Westerahs.
Arouca, t. Portugal, Beira ; 27 SW. Lamego.
Aroukortchin, country, Tartary, near the great
wall of China.
Aroul, 1. Hind., in Agra ; 12 SSE. Canoge.
Arousike, or Arrowsike, isl. on the coast of
Maine, included within the corporation of
Georgetown. It contains 19,000 acres.
Aroway, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 8 SSW. Arrah.
Arp, r. Circassia, which runs into the Cuban,
Lat. 44. 46. N.
Arpaia, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 6
SSW. Benevento.
Arpajon, or Arpajou, (an. Hastres,) t. France,
in Seine-and-Oise ; 16 S. Paris. Pop. 2,093.
Arpajon, or Serverac, t. France, in Cantal ;
SE. Aurillac H. 320.
Arpakavi, valley, Armenia, near Erivan,
where, in 1735, the Turks were defeated by the
Persians under Kuli Kan. About 20,000 men
were killed and made prisoners.
Arpa-su,r. Persia, between Erivan and Tauris.
Arpena, see Arve.
Arpenburg, t. Pru. Brandenburg ; 9 S. Saltz- ¦>.
wedel. Arphad, or Arvad, now Ruad.
c£rpi'(V>\t"mPles>'m the Capitanata; 14
SW. Manfredonia.
Arpino, (an. Arpinum,) t. Naples, in Lavora.
— Ihe native place of the celebrated Romans, •
Manus and Cicero.— 10 SE. Sora, 55 NNW. '
Naples. Pop. 9,657.
Arpur, t. Napaul ; 12 S. Catmandu
Arqua, or Arquato, t. Italy, in Vicenza ; 10 S.

ARR

89

ARR

Padua. Pop. 1,500. It has a romantic situation
on a hill, but wears the aspect of decay. Here
the celebrated Petrarch was buried in 1874,
whose monument and villa are still preserved,
and attract the attention of literary visitants.
Arqua, t. Italy, in Rovigo ; 6 S. Rovigo.
Arquata, t. Genoa, on the Scrivia ; it was a
fief of the empire ; 25 N. Genoa.
Arquata, t. Ancona ; 10 SW. Ascoli.
Arque, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 2 SE.
St. Omer.
Arquennes, v. Brabant, near Nivelles.
Arqenon, r. France, which passes by Jugon,
in North-Coasts, and runs into the English
Channel, Lon. 2. 7. W. Lat. 48. 33. N.
Arques, r. France, which passes by the town
of that name, and runs into the English Chan
nel, near Dieppe.
Arques, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 3 SE.
Dieppe. Pop. 700. In 1589, Henry IV. gained
here a complete victory over the League.
Arques, t. France, in Aude ; 9 SE. Limoux.
H. 115.
Arr, t. Hind., near Baglana ; 25 N. Junere.
Arra, t. A. Turkey, Diarbekir ; 30 W. Urfa.
Arrabo, now Raab.
Arracan, see Aracan.
Arracourt, t. , France, in Meurte ; 5 SSE.
Marsal, 5 S. Chateau Salins.
Arraciffe, s-p. Brazil, in Pemambuco. It is
strongly fortified. Lat. 8. 20. S.
Arrack, see Areg.
Arracovia, or Arracoba, v. Eu. Turkey, in
Livadia, 9 miles from Castri, and higher up
Parnassus. Pop. 1,500.
Arrades, t. Tunis, celebrated for its baths.
Arradon, t. France, in Morbihan ; 3 SW.
Vannes. Arregia, t Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 10 SW. Khai-
bar. Arragon, see Aragon.
Arrah, t. Hind., and capital of Boujepour, a
circar in Bahar, between the Saone and the
Ganges ; 30 WNW. Patna, 88 E. Benares.
Lon. 84. 49. E. Lat. 25. 35. N.
¦Arrah, t. Persia, in Mecran, on the coast of
the Arabian sea ; 140 W. Tatta. Lon. 65. E.
Lat. 25. 25. N.
Arrah, t. Bengal, in Toree ; 10 W.Toree.
Arrai, t. Japan, in Tootomi, or Jenfiju ; 110
SW. Jedo.
Atrran, pr. Persia, between Georgia, Adirbeit
zan, and Schirvan; it is surrounded with moun
tains. Arran, (an. Brandinos,) isl. on W. coast of
Scotland, in the Frith of Clyde, of an oval
form, 20 miles in length, and, where broadest,
12 wide ; containing several villages. Pop.
6,754. Sq. m. 165. The centre of the island
is mountainous, on a part of which, called
Goatfell, exceedingly steep, have been found
topazes, and pebbles capable of polish. The
summit of Goatfell is 2,865 feet above the level
of the sea. There are several lochs and rivers,
where salmon are caught ; and many sorts of
fish abound on the coasts. The inhabitants
raise a number of cattle, sheep, and goals. The
climate is severe but healthy. Lon. 5. 4. W.
Lat. 55. 27. N.
Arran Islands, or South Arran Islands, three
Vol. I, 12

islands near W. coast of Ireland, in the Atlan
tic, at the mouth of Galway bay, extending
about 10 miles in length, from NW. to SE.
Lon. 9. 30. to 9. 42. W. Lat. 53. 2. to 53. 8. N-
Arranmore, isl. in the Atlantic, near NW.
coast of Ireland, about 7 miles in circumfer
ence. Lon. 8. 25. W. Lat. 55. N.
Arranmore, one of the largest of S. Arran
Islands, about 5 miles long, and 2 broad. Lon.
9. 37. W. Lat. 53. 6. N.
Arras, (an. Nemetaeum, Alrebata, and Oria-
giacum,) city, France, cap. Straits-of-Calais, on
the Scarp ; 27 NW. Cambray, 130 N. Paris.
Lon. 2. 46. E. Lat. 50. 18. N. Pop. 18,872,
H. 3,768. Bp. see. It is large and strong; was
fortified by Vauban ; contains a cathedral, 12
churches, a college, a surgical school, and a
public library of 34,000 volumes ; and has
manufactures of linen, tapestry, he. Before
the revolution, it was the capital of Artois. —
Natives, Robespierre and Damiens.
Arrals, r. France, which runs into the Ga
ronne, about 2 NW. Auvillard.
Arrawah, t. Bengal, in Burdwan ; 14 N. Burd
wan. Lon. 88. E. Lat. 22. 33. N.
Arrayal do Rio das Almas, t. Brazil, in Goyas ;
42 NNE. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Assumpgaon, t. Brazil, in Goyas,
on the Tocantin ; 340 NNE. Villa-Boa.
Arrayal de Ponate, t. Brazil, in Para, on the
Tocantin ; 210 S. Para.
Arrayal de Cardoso, t. Brazil ; 300 SW. St.
Salvador. Arrayal de Meyaponte, t. Brazil, in Matto
Grosso ; 125 SSE. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Maygunte, t. Brazil, in Goyas ; 75
SSE. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de St. Anna, t. Brazil, in Goyas ; 95
SSW. Villa Boa.
Arrayal Velho, t. Brazil, in Minas-Geraes ; 50
SW. Villa Rica.
Arrayolos, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 10 N.
Evora., Pop. 2,419.
Arrecife Largo, reef of rock's, in the bay of
Honduras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88.
30. W. Lat. 16. 30. N.
Arreau, t. France, in Higher-Pyrenees; 13
SE. Bagneres en Bigorre, 23 SSE. Tarbes.
Pop. 855. . '
Arrens, t. France, in Higher-Pyrenees, on
the Garonne ; 8 SW. Argellez.
Arrestan, or Reslanes, t. Syria ; 20 S. Hamah.
The Saracens took this town by treachery in
the 7th century.
Arreway, t. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
119. 15. E. Lat. 0.58, S.
Arriammene, see Zulpha.
Arriana, v. Tunis, in which remain some of
the ruins of ancient Carthage ; 6 N. Tunis.
Arriege, r. France, which rises in the Pyre-*
nees, and joins the Garonne, about 2 miles from i
Toulouse. Gold is found in several parts of,
this river, particularly near Pamiers.
Arriege, dep. France, bounded N. and NW.
by Upper-Garonne, E. by Aude, SE. by Eastern- »
Pyrenees, and S. and SW. by the Pyrenees, '»
which separate it from Spain ; about 50 miles
in length, and 36 in breadth.' This department
is composed of what, before the revolution,
was called Conserans and Foi'x. The river

ARR

90

ARS

Arriege crosses it from S. to N. Foix is the
capital. Pop. 222,936 ; Protestants 5, or 6,000.
Sq. m. 1,862.
Arrienes, mt. France, in Calvados, remarka
ble for the resort of birds of prey, such as
eagles, falcons, kites, he. ; 3 from Falaise.
Arrigno, t. Corsica ; 8 E. Calvi.
Arrion, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 90 SE. Tabris.
Anion, or Carrion, r. Spain, which runs into
the Pisuerga, near its union with the Duero.
Arrisana, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Portugal. Lon. 8. 55. W. Lat. 37. 14. N.
Arrif t. Hind., in Bahar ; 20 S. Patna.
Arrivacourchy, t. and fort, Hind., in Mysore ;
20 E. Daraporum, 23 N. Dindigul. Lon. 77.
58. E. Lat. 10. 45. N. H. 300.
Arro, (Canal of) inlet of the N. Pacific Ocean,
in the gulf of Georgia, on W. coast of North-
America, E. of Quadra and Vancouver's Island.
Lon. 237. 9. E. Lat. 4. 35. N.
Arroe, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, containing
3 parishes and many gentlemen's seats. It is
mountainous but intersected with fertile val
leys ; S. Funen, and W. Langeland. Lon. 10.
20. E. Lat. 54. 53. N. Pop. 7,573. Sq. m. 58.
Arroe, another small Danish island in the
Little Belt, between the island of Funen and
Sleswick. Arroe, see Aroe.
Arroeskioping, t. island of Arroe, in Baltic,
with a good harbour. Pop. 1,291.
Arroja de St. Servanj t. Spain, in Estramadu
ra; IS. Merida.
Arrojolos, see Arrayolos.
Arron, or Aron, r. France, which runs into
the Loire, near Decise.
Arronches, -see Aronches.
Arrone, r. Italy which runs from lake Brac-
ciano the Mediterranean, into Lon. 12. 11. E.
Lat. 41. 53. N.
Arrones, t. Spain, in Navarre ; 7 S. Estella.
Arroo, or Arran, five small islands in Austra
lasia, W. Papua. Lon. 135. E. Lat. 7. S.
Arros, r. France,.which runs into the Adour,
near Aire, in Landes.
Arrou, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 20
SSW. Chartres. Pop. 2,628.
Arrouseag, isl. on the coast of Maine, belong
ing to Georgetown.
Arroukage, see Arockage.
Arroyo de Elmedina, t.S.A. in Buenos-Ayres ;
165 NNW. Buenos-Ayres.
Arroya de Paben, t. S. A. in Buenos-Ayres ;
180 NNW. Buenos-Ayres.
Arroya de Ramallo, t. S. A. in Buenos-Ayres ;
150 NNW. Buenos Ayres.
Arroux, r. France, which rises near Arnay le
Due, and runs into the Loire, between Digoin
and Motte St. Jean.
Arrow, r. Eng., which runs into the Lug, near
Leominster, in Herefordshire.
Arrow, r. Ireland, which runs from Lough-
Arrow to the sea, 5 SW. Sligo.
Arrowah, t. Hind., in Benares ; 8 NNW. Be
nares. Arrowauks, Aruacs, or Aruacas, Indians, S. A.
who live on the Atlantic, between Cape Nas
sau and the mouth of the Oronoco. They are!
t. represented as a humane, peaceable, and hap-
j?y people.

Ars, t. France, in Creuse ; 5 NW. Aubusson.
Ars, r. Spain, which runs into the sea near
cape Finisterre, in Galicia.
Ars, t. on SW. coast of Re ; »6 W. St. Martin
de Re. Lon. 1. 25. W. Lat. 46. 12. N. Pop.
3,008. Ars, or Arts, small isl. on W. coast of France,
in the bay of Morbihan, district of Vanhes.
Pop. 1,000.
Ars-sur-Meurthe, t. France, in Meurthe, on
the Meurthe ; 4 SE. Nancy.
Arsa, i-. Istria, which flows into the gulf of
Quarnero. It is navigable some distance.
Arsae, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 12
leagues ESE. Dax. Pop. 1,015.
Arsaee, t. (an. Minniza,)' Syria, in the pacha-.
lie of Aleppo ; 16 NNW. Aleppo.
Arsacia, now Casbin, and Rey.
Arsacides, the same with Solomon's Islands,
so named by SurVille, in 1769.
Arsago, t. Italy, in Milan ; 12 N. Milan.
Arsamas, or Arsawas, t. Russia, in Niznei-
Novgorod ; 48 S. Niznei-Novgorod. Lon. 43.
34. E. Lat. 55. 20. N. Pop. 5,068. H. 1,416,
It contains 22 churches and 2 cloisters.
Arsamosata, now Simsat.
Arsanias, now Morad-Siai.
Arsano, t. Naples, hear Naples. Pop. 4,316.
Arschot, or Aerschot, t. Brabant, on the De-
mer ; 7 NE. Louvain, 20 SE. Antwerp. Lon.
4. 29. E. Lat. 24. 25. N. Pop. 2,301.
Arseewah, t. Hind., in Orissa ; 30 SW. Sum
gooja. J
Arsemini, t. Sardinia ; 7 SW. Cagliari.
Arsen, isl. in the Red Sea. Lat. 24. 25. N.
Arsen, (an. Arsanias,) r. Turkish Armenia,
which runs into the Euphrates, near Ilija.
Arsenarium, now Cape Verd.
Arsendehan, see Arzengan.
¦Arserina, small isl. in Atlantic^ near the coast
of Africa. Lon. 16. W. Lat. 19. 30. N.
Arsid, see Arsur.
Arsiera, t. Italy, Vicenza ; 20 N. Vicenza.
Arsinoe, see Agama, Lefca, Medinet-Fars, and i
Suez. Arsissa, now Van Lake.
Arsk, t. Russia, in Kazan; 40 NNE. Kazan.
Lon. 49. 34. E-. Lat. 56. 20. N. Pop. 337.
Arskey, v. and parish, Eng., in W. Riding of
Yorkshire, on the Dun; 3 Doncaster. Pop.
1,000. Arsoffa, or Resafa-en-hesliam, fortress, Syria;
70 SE. Aleppo. Lon. 38. 50. E. Lat. 35. 3S.Ni
Arsona, t. Italy, in the Feltrin ; 5 N. Feltri.
Arsonval, t. France, Aube ; 23 E. Troyes.
Arsous, t. Syria, near the sea-coast; 15 S.
Alexandretta. Arm, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Kur; 40
SSW. Scamachie.
Arsunda, t. Sweden, Gestricia ; 15 SW. Gefle.
Arsur, or Arsuf or Assor, or Arsid, s-p. Syria,
in which is a fortress, with a garrison, and a
mosque ; 10 N. Jaffa. Lon. 35. 2. E. Lat. 32.
13. N. It was here that Solomon laid the
foundations of the city of Assor or Arsid, which
afterwards changed its name to Apollonias. It
is a poor place, though dignified with the title
of city.
Arsura, small isl. in the Grecian Archipela
go ; 30 N. Polagnisi. '

ART

91

Art, see Vnterarl.
Arta,v. Albania, which runs into the gulf of
Arta, near the town so called.
Aria, or Larta, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania,
near a gulf, (an. Ambracius Sinus,) to which it
gives name; 100 NW. Livadia, 360 WNW.
Constantinople. Lon. 21. 18. E. Lat. 39. 20.
N. Pop. 7,500. Greek abp. see. The inhabi
tants carry on a considerable trade in tobacco,
cattle, wine, cotton, flax, pulse, fur, leather.
he. It is the residence of several European
consuls. The gulf is on E. side of the Adriatic.
Here is a cathedral which stands upon 2,000
pillars, and has as many windows and doors as
there are days in the year.
Artabrum, now Cape Finisterre.
Artacoana, now Herat.
Artagera, or Arlaquicerta, now Ardis.
Artaki, (an. Artace,) t. A. Turkey, in Natolia,
on S. coast of the sea of Marmora ; 45 E. Gal-
lipoli, 90 SW. Constantinople. Lon. 27. 34. E.
Lat. 40. 18. N. Pop. 8,000.
Artakui, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 48 NW.
Gallipoli. Artala, t. Georgia ; 40 S. Tefflis.
Artamava, t. Russia ; 120 SSE. Tobolsk.
Artan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 24 S.
Akserai. Artana, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop. 3,150.
Ariana, or Ortana, t. Spain, in Navarre ; 15
Pampeluna. Artani, t. Turkish Armenia ; 27 S. Akalzike.
Arlannes, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 4
leagues SW. Tours. H. 260.
Artaviva, t. Mingrelia ; 110 NE. Trebisond.
Artaxata, ancient capital of Armenian Major ;
see Ardesh, and Nacsivan.
Arlenac, t. France, in Lower-Charente ; 7
leagues SE. Saintes. Pop. 1,500.
Artenay, t. France, in Loiret; UN. Orleans.
Pop. 1,140.
Artern, t. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg, on the
Unstrutt, belonging to Prussia ; 10 SW. Eiszle-
ben, 29 NEE. Erfurt. Lon. 11. 22. E. Lat. 51.
23. N. Pop. 1,680.
Arlha, r. S. Wales, which runs in the sea, 10
S. Aberystwith.
Arthez, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; 15
NW. Pau. Pop. 2,078.
Arliaca, now Arcis sur Aube.
Arthur Kull, or Newark Bay, see Newark Bay.
Arthur Seat, conical hill, Scot., near Edin
burgh, 810 feet high.
Arlibonite, r. St. Dorhingo, which rises in the
mountain of Cibao, and runs into the sea a
little to the N. Morne "au Diable.
Articene, now Ardislan.
Artigis, now Alhama.
Artik-abad, (an. Ariarathia,) t. A. Turkey, in
Sivas; 12 SE. Tocat.
Artingal, one of the Pelew islands, in the
Pacific Ocean.
Arlingurry, t. Hind., in Marawar ; 6 E. Ra-
manadporum. Arlisch, see Argisch.
Artogna, t. Italy ; 12 SSW. Breno.
Artois, pr. France; before the revolution,
bounded N. by Flanders, W. and S. by Picardy,
and E. by Hainaut and the Cambresis ; about
75 miles in length, and 36 in breadth. The

ARV
commerce is principally in grain, wool, cole
seed, oil, and hemp. It is now included in the
departments of Straits-of-Calais, Somme, and
North. Artolsheim, t. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 5 SE.
Schlettstat. Arlon, t. France, in Lower-Loire ; 17 SW.
Nantes. Arlonne, t. France, in Fuy-de-DOme ; 7 N.
Riom, 15 N. Clermont. Pop. 1,507.
Artos, t. Little Bukharia ; 25 W. Cashgar.
Artoudi, t. Syria, in a plain called Zaal Ar-
toude ; 15 N. Damascus.
Artro, l. North-Wales, which runs into the
sea a little below Llanbeder, in Merionethshire.
Arlsh, r. Grand Bukharia, which runs into the
Sir, near Otrar.
Artvani, t. Turkish Armenia, in Kars ; 60 N.
Kars. Artzbach, r. Aust., which runs into the Enns ;
4 S. Reiffling, in Stiria.
Artzberg, t. Austria, near the Enns ; 12 SE.
Steyr. Artzen, t. Han., in Calenberg, between the
Humme and the Weser. H. 130.
Arva, r. Hungary, which runs into the Waag,
UN. Arva.
Arva, or Arwa Varmegye, or Orawa, co. Hun
gary, bounded N. by Oswitz, E. by Galicia, S.
by Lyptau, and W. Thurotz. Pop. 84,909. Sq.
m. 393. It is situated among the Carpathian
mountains, has a severe climate, and barren
soil. The only grain is oats. Other products
are flax, wood, sheep, and game. It takes its
name from the ruined castle of Arva ; 14 N.
Rosenburg. The capital is Also-Kubin.
4rval, t. Hind., in Bahar, on the Soane ; 35
SSW. Patna.
Anas, mt. Spain, between Leon and Oviedo.
Arubajl. Persia, in Mecran, near a cape of
the same name, on the Indian Ocean ; 90 E.
Mecran. Aruba, or Oruba, small isl. in the West Indies,
near the coast of Terra Firma, about 15 miles
in circumference ; 42 W. Curaijoa. Lon. 69. 30.
W. Lat. 10. 39. N.
Arucdra;t. Brazil, in Para, on the Guanapa;
140 WSW. Para.
Arucolaria, t. Hind., Mysore ; 10 N. Ardenelle.
Arudy, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 11 S. ,
Pau. Pop. 1,756.
Arve, or Arvo, r. Savoy, which rises in Fau-
cigny, and flows into the Rh&ne, a little below
Geneva. This river affords much sublime scene
ry. In the first part of its course it flows through
the celebrated vale of Chamouni. For many
miles it passes between high, craggy, and inac
cessible rocks, which appear to have been pur
posely cleft to give the water a free passage.
The cataracts make a great roaring; one in
particular, called the Nun of Arpena, near Sa-
lenche, falls from a prodigiously high rock with
great noise and violence. Its descent is said to
exceed 1,100 feet.
Arvert, t. France, in Lower-Charente ; 6 S.
Marennes. Pop. 1,248,
Arvert, or Armotte, small isl. on W. coast of
France, near the mouth of the river Seudre.
Arvicito, t. Naples, on E. coast of Calabria
Ultra; 4 S. Stilo.

ASA

92

ASC

Arvidsjaur, t. Swedish Lapland ; 75 W. Pitea.
Lon. 18. 32. E. Lat. 65. 28. N.
Arun, r. Eng., which runs into the sea at Lit
tle-Hampton, in Sussex, celebrated for its mul
lets. Aruna, t Japan, in Ximo; 25 S. Nangasaki.
Aruna Fiord, bay on W. coast of Iceland.
Lat. 60. N.
Arundel, t. York co. Maine, on the sea coast ;
4 E. Kennebunk, 21 NE. York, 86 NNE. Eos-
ton. Pop. in 1810, 2,371 ; in 1820, 2,478.
Arundel, t. Eng., in Sussex, on the river Arun,
which gives it its name ; 63 S. London. Pop.
2,138. It sends two members to parliament,
and has markets on Thursday and Saturday.
Vessels of 200 tons can come up the river to
the town.
Arvoredo, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Brazil. Lat. 28. 30. S.
Arvores, small isl. Indian sea, near the coast
of Africa. Lon. 36. E. Lat. 17. 10. N.
Arus, t. Egypt ; 8 NW. Cairo.
Arwangen, t. and castle, Switz., in the can
ton of Berne, on the Aar ; 12 E. Soleure.
Arys, t. Friuli ; 10 WSW. Palma la Nuova.
Arzac, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; 15 N.
Pau. Pop. 930.
Arzamas, see Arsamas.
Arzanno, t. France, in Finisterre ; 5 ENE.
Quimperle. Pop. 4,190.
Arxberg, t. Bav., Upper-Maine ; 7 E. Wun-
siedel. Pop. 1,132.
Arze, or Arzerum, see Erzerum.
Arzengan, or Arzendgian, or Arzingan, t. A.
Turkey, in Erzerum ; 45 W. Erzerum, 120 NE.
Sivas. Lon. 39. 50. E. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Arzerc, t. Italy, in Padua; 9 SE. Padua.
Arses, now Argisch.
Arzes, t. Cyprus, formerly a considerable city,
and see of a Greek bishop, but since the pos
session of the island by the Turks, reduced to
the condition of a village.
Arzew, (an. Arsenaria, and Portus Magnus,)
s-p. Algiers; 16 E. Oran. Lon. 1. E. Lat. 5.52.
N. A great many ancient capital bases and
shafts of pillars lie scattered about, and several
sepulchral inscriptions, with Roman names.
About 5 miles from the coast are some valuable
salt pits.
Arzignano, t. Italy, in Vicenza; 15 WSW.
Vicenza. Arzilla, (an. Zilia, and Julia Traducta,) s-p.
Morocco, on the coast of the Atlantic, first
built by the Romans ; 15 S. Tangiers. Lon. 6.
W. Lat. 35. 30. N. Pop. 1,000.
Arzilla, r. Italy, which runs into the Adri
atic, a little N. Fano.
Arzingur, t Guzerat; 8 N. Damaun.
Arzua, t. Spain, in Galicia ; 12 E. Compos-
tella. As, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, near lake Stor-
sio ; 5 N. Ostersund, 90 NW. Sundswall.
Asa, r. Austria, which runs into the Danube,
2 N. Efferding.
Asaac, now Zaweh.
Asabra, r. Spain, which runs into the Aragon,
near Morillo.
Asad, t. Persia, in Farsistan , 57 SW. Yesd.
Asad-abad, t. Persia, in the Irak, on the fron
tiers of Kurdistan, large and well peopled ; 70
NW. Hamadan.

Asangaro, t. Buenos Ayres, in La Paz, on E.
side of lake Titicaca; 130 NNW. La Paz. Lon.
69. W. Lat. 15. 35. S.
Asaralic, t. Chinese Tartary, in Kami; 50
NW. Hami.
Asarna, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, on the Li-
unga ; 84 W. Sundswall. Lon. 14. 7. E. Lat.
62. 3S. N.
Asaro, t. Sicily, in Noto ; 8 S. Nicosia.
Asas,t Sweden, in Schonen. Lon. 12. 40. E.
Lat. 56. 11. N.
Asbeck,t. Pru., in Munster; 4 SE. Aahus.
Asben, or Agades, countiy, Africa, W. of Bor-
nou, N. of Cashna, and S. of Fezzan. It is a
kingdom of considerable extent and power.
The chief city is Agades. Lon. 9. to 16. E. Lat.
19. to 23. N.
Asbet, see Hasbet.
Asbroit, t. Sweden, in South-Gothland ; 6 N.
Wardberg. Asburg, t. Prussian duchy of Lower-Rhine ;
6 E. Meurs, 18 W. Duisburg.
Asbury, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. ; W. 199.
Ascain, t France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; 12
miles from Bayonne. Pop. 1,200.
Ascalon, or Askalon, or Scalona, t. Palestine,
on the sea coast ; 14 N. Gaza, 30 SW. Jerusa
lem. Lon. 34. 47. E. Lat. 31.38. N. This was
one of the five satrapies of Egypt, and was
once a splendid city. It is now reduced to a
mean place, like other cities subject to the
Turks. Ascora, t. Japan, in Simoodsuke ; 95 N. Jedo.
Ascengaon, isl. in the Atlantic. Lon. 40. W.|
Lat. 20. 25. S.
Ascension Island, isl. in the ocean between
Africa and Brazil, about 60 miles in circ.;,
mountainous, sandy, barren, and uninhabited ;i
few places being fit for tillage. Lon. 13. 59. W.
Lat. 7. 57. S. It is chiefly valuable to the home
ward bound shipping, on account of its excel- •
lent harbour, and the vast quantities of sea-
fowl, fish, and turtle, which are found in it. In
the crevice of a rock there is a place called by ,
the sailors The Post Office, where ships leave
letters for each other, shut up in a well corked
bottle, which the next that comes breaks open,
and leaves another in its stead.
Ascension, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Gulf of California. Lat. 31. N.
Ascension, parish, Louisiana, on W. bank of
the Mississippi, opposite Iberville. Fop. 3,728. ..
Ascension Bay, in the gulf of Honduras, on;,
E. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 88. 56. W. Lat. 19.
30. N.
Asch, or Ascha, t. Bohemia, in Elnbogen, in
a lordship of the same name ; 8 NNW. Eger,
12 ESE. Hof. Lon. 12. 16. E. Lat. 50. 10. N.
Pop. 2,114. Besides the town of Asch, this
lordship contains about 20 villages.
Aschach, t. Bav. ; 6 N. Kissingen. H. 100.
Aschach, or Aschau, t. Austria, with a fine
castle, on the Danube ; 6 E. Efferding.
Aschaff, small r. Ger., in Lower-Rhine, which
runs into the Mayne,'near Stockstadt.
Aschaffenburg, pr. Ger., now belonging to
Bavaria, and forming a part of the circle of the
Lower Maine ; 22 miles long, and 18 broad.
Sq. m. 220. Pop. 108,648; mostly Catholics.
It contains 82 villages and hamlets.

ASE

93

ASH

Aschaffenburg, (an. Asciburgium,) t. Bav., in
Lower Maine, capital of a district, formerly
capital of a jurisdiction belonging to the arch
bishopric of Mentz ; 10 SE. Francfort, 36 E.
Mentz. Lon. 9. 7. E. Lat. 49. 58. N. Pop. 6,590.
H. 755. It is very pleasantly situated, and con
tains 8 Catholic churches, a theological semi
nary, an academy of sciences, a gymnasium, a
public library, and a gallery of paintings. It
was formerly Imperial.
Aschara, see Osara.
Aschausen, t. Wurt ; 8 N. Ravenspurg.
Asche, t. Sax., Vogtland ; 15 S. Plauen.
Asche, t. Neth., in S. Brabant, between Brus
sels and "Ghent. Pop. 3,746.
Aschenginskoi, fortress, Siberia, on the con
fines of China ; 130 SSW. Selinginsk.
Ascherod, t. Bavaria ; 6 N. Carolstadt
Aschersleben, t. Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg,
on the Eine ; 16 SE. Halberstadt Pop. 7,658.
H. 1,177. It contains 4 churches, 3 hospitals,
and a gymnasium, and has manufactures of furze
and flannel. It was formerly Hanseatic, and
also capital of the principality of Ascania.
Aschwomsee, lake, Prussia; 40 SE. Konigs
berg. Ascloster, t. Sweden, in South-Gothland ; 12
N. Wardberg.
Asco, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro ;
30 miles from Tortosa.
Ascoli, or Ascoli de Satriano, (an. Asculum,)
t. Naples, in Capitanata; 25 SSE. Lucera, 65
ENE. Naples. Lon. 15. 30. E. Lat. 41. 8. N.
Bp. see. This town was almost destroyed by
an earthquake in 1399.
Ascoli, t. Popedom, in Ancona, on a moun
tain, near the Tronto ; 48 S. Ancona. Lon. 13.
36. E. Lat. 42. 46. N: Bp. see. Pop. 7,549.
Ascona, t Switz., in Tesino, on the Lago
Maggiore; 2 S. Locarno.
Ascorca, t. Majorco, 6 leagues from Palma.
Here is a famous sanctuary of Nuestra Senora
de Lluch, with 400 persons belonging to it.
Ascoytia, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, on Urola ; 6
E. Placentia.
Ascg, v. France, North ; 3 Lille. H. 250.
Ascra, v. Bceotia, on Mount Helicon, suppos
ed to have been near where Zagasa stands. It
was the birth place of Hesiod.
Ascrib Islands, chain of small islands, in Loch
Snizort, near N. coast of the Isle of Skye. Lon.
6. 28. W. Lat. 57. 27. N.
, Ascutney, mt. Vermont, between Windsor
and Weathersfield. The summit is 5 W. of the
Connecticut, and 5 SW. Windsor village. Ac
cording to the measurement of Capt. A. Part
ridge, it is 3,116 feet above Connecticut river
at Windsor, and 3,320 above tide water. The
summit is composed of granite, and the pros
pect from the top is very beautiful.
Ase see Orontes.
Asebbi, t. Egypt ; 32 N. Habasch.
Aseea-bad, t. Cabulistan ; 35 S. Cabul.
Aseergur, t. Hind., in the Candeish ; 15 NNE.
Burhampour, 85 S. Indore.
Astiac, t. Persia, Chusistan; 90 SW. Ispahan.
Asele, t. Swedish Lapland, and capital of the
Lapmark of Asele; 85 W. Umea. Lon. 17. 4.
E. Lat. 64. 12. N. It has a church, a school,
and a market. The Lapmark is bounded NW.

by Norway, E. by the Lapmark of Umea, S. by
Angermannland, and SW. by Jamtland, but is
very thinly inhabited.
Asenariga, t. Cyprus ; 8 E. Larnica.
Aserrado, r. Cuba, which runs into the Span
ish Main, on S. coast. Lon. 76. 40. W. Lat.
20. N.
Aserradores, rocks in the Pacific Ocean, near
the coast of Nicaragua. Lon. 88. 4. W. Lat. 12.
45. N.
Aserradores, (Los,) two rocky islets, near S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 76. 2. W. Lat. 20. 1. N.
Asfaca, t. Persia, Mecran ; 100 NNE. Kieh.
Asfan, see Osfan.
. Asfeld la Ville, t. France, in Ardennes ; 13
N. Reims. Pop. 1,080.
Asfun, (an. ,>2sphunis, or Asphynis,) t. Egypt ;
4 N. Arment. According to Norden, a toler
ably handsome town, with a mosque.
Ash, co. NW. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
2,783 ; in 1820, 4,335. Chief town, Jefferson-
ton. Asha, t Austria ; 4 N. Efferding.
Asha, r. Austria, which runs into the Danube,
2 N. Efferding.
Ashab, t. Syria ; 150 SE. Aleppo.
Ashaja Tusla, see Soli.
Ashangee, considerable lake, Abyssinia, in
Gasta, near the sources of the Tacazze.
Ashau, r. Ger., runs into the Lechte, near
Zell. Ashantee, Assente, or Asiante, countiy, Wes
tern Africa, situated immediately behind the
states on the Gold Coast ; between Lon. 0. and
4. W. Lat. 6. and 8. N. Pop. vaguely estimated
at 1,000,000. Sq. m. 14,000. It is 'said there
are upwards of 200,000 men capable of bear
ing arms. Chief town, Coomassie, or Cum-
mazee. This kingdom, of which nothing has
been known till recently, is represented as the
most powerful, civilized, and commercial of
any on the western coast of Africa.
Ashborough, p-t. and cap. Randolph co. N. C,
on Deep River ; 42 E. Salisbury, 85 W. Ra
leigh, W. 362.
Ashbourn, (an. Fraxula,) t. Eng., in Derby,
on E. side of the Dove, on the borders of Staf
fordshire ; it has a weekly market on Saturday;
10 NW. Derby, 139 NNW. London. Pop. 2,112.
Ashburgan, t. Grand Bukharia ; 45 W. Balk.
Lon. 64. 30. E. Lat. 36. 44. N.
Ashburnham, p-t. Worcester co. Mass., 29 N.
Worcester, 55 NW. Boston ; W. 462. Pop. in
1810, 1,036; in 1720,1,230. There are 2 moun
tains in this township, Great, and Little Weta-
tick. The former lies in NE. part of the town,
the latter SW. of it.
Ashburton, t. Eng., in Devon, in a valley,
with hills to the north and south; 19£ WSW.~
Exeter, 23J ENE. Plymouth, 192^ W. London.
Pop. 3,053. It is an ancient borough, and returns
two members to Parliament. It is one of the
four stannary towns of Devonshire, and -has
mines of tin and copper in its neighbourhood.
It has two markets weekly.
Ashby, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 31 NW.
Concord, 32 N. Worcester, 47 NW. Boston. W.
480. Pop. in 1810, 1,103 ; in 1820, 1,188. It is
pleasantly situated in the most elevated part of
the county.

ASH

94

ASI

Asliby de la Zouch, t. Eng., in Leicester, near
the borders of Derbyshire, with a market on
Saturday; 12 S. Derby, 115 N. London. Pop.
3,141.— Native, Bp. J. Hall.
Ashdod, or Asdod, see Ezdoud.
Ashdon, or Assingdon, v. Eng., in Essex ; 4
NE. Saffron-Walden. In 1016, Edmund Iron
side met here a terrible defeat from the Danes.
Ashdown, a tract of land, near Isley, in Berk
shire. A battle was fought here between the
Saxons and the Danes, in which the latter were
defeated, chiefly through the conduct of Alfred.
Ashe, see Ash.
Ashe, v. Eng., in Devonshire, near Axmin-
ster. John Churchill, duke of Marlborough, was
born here in 1650.
Ashepoo, r. Charleston district, S. C, which
runs into N. part of St. Helena Sound.
Ashepoo, v. on the Ashepoo, S. C. ; 42 miles
from Charleston.
Asheref, oxAshref or Eshref or Asiref, t. Per
sia, in Mazanderan, where Shah Abbas had a
palace, situated in a bay of the Caspian Sea ;
15 ESE. Fehrabad. Lon. 53. 32. E. Lat. 35.52.
N. H. 3,000. The palace is now in ruins.
Ash f era, see Esfere.
Asfifield, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 11 SW.
Greenfield, 105 W. Boston. W. 410. Pop. in
1810, 1,809; in 1820, 1,748.
Ashford, p-t. Windham co. Ct ; 15 N. Wind
ham, 30 ENE. Hartford, W. 369. Pop. in
1810, 2,532 ; in 1820, 2,778.
Ashford, (New,) t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 20
N. Lenox, 121 W. Boston. Pop. 358.
Ashford, t. England, in Kent, on the Stour ;
12 NW. Hithe, 27 ESE. Rochester, 57 ESE.
London. Lon. 0. 52. E. Lat. 51. 9. N. Pop.
2,532. It has a monthly market for cattle, on
the first Tuesday, and a weekly market on Sat
urday, for corn, he.
Ashkara, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 130 W. He
rat. Ashing Key, small low isl. on the Spanish
Main, on the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82. 35. W.
Lat. 12. 30. N.
Ashley, r. S. C. which rises in N. part of
Charleston district, runs SSE. and unites with
the Cooper on SW. side of the city of Charles
ton. Ashley, r. West Florida, which runs into the
Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 84. 20. W. Lat. 29.
58. N.
Ashmon, t. Egypt : 8 N. Basta.
Ashmunein, or Archemunain, or Aschmunein,
t. Egypt; 3 N. Meloui, 118 S. Cairo. Lon. 31.
10. E. Lat. 28. 10. N. Pop. 5,000. It gives name
to a considerable district of which it is the
capital ; and is built on the ruins of a city, which
Dr. Pocock supposes to be the ancient Hermop-
olis, or the city of Mercury.
Ashmum-Tanah, (an. Mendes.) t. Egypt; 12
E. Mansora, 20 S. Damietta. It is — i a canal
of the Nile, called the canal of Ashman-Tanah,
which runs into the lake Menzaleh, and after
wards into the Mediterranean, at Dibeh. This
canal is supposed to be that which the ancients
called Mendesian.
Ashnagur, see Adenagur.
Aslior, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 120 WNW. Me-
shid. Lon. 54. 20. E. Lat. 37. 57. N.

Ashoved, or Ashy Head, cape, Denmark, oh
E. coast of Jutland. Lon. 10. 7. E. Lat. 55.
45. N.
Ashover, t. Eng., in Derby ; 8 NNE. Wirks-
worth. Pop. 2,237.
Ash-oune-mon-kar, cape, Algiers, projecting
into the Mediterranean. Lon. 5. 13. E. Lat.
37. N.
Ashout, t. Syria; 25 S. Tripoli.
Ashra, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 58 E. by S. Ou-
gein. - Ashref see Asheref.
Ashta, t Hind., Malwa ; 38 ENE. Indore.
Ashtabula, i. NE. part of Ohio, which runs
into lake Erie, 45 W. Erie.
Ashtabula, co. in NE. corner of Ohio. Pop.
7,382. Chief town, Jefferson.
Ashtabula, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. W. 387.
Pop. 929.
Ashtican, t. Grand Bukharia; 20 W. Samar-
cand. Ashton, t. Delaware co. Fa., on Chester Creek.
Pop. 753.
Ashton-under-Line, t. and parish, Eng., in
Lancashire, on the Tame ; 9 E. Manchester.
Pop. 19,052.
Ashton in Wakefield, t. Eng., in Lancashire ;
8 NNW. Warrington. Pop. 4,747.
Ashuclot, mt. N. H., in Winchester and
Swansey. Ashuclot, or Ashwillet, r. N. H., which runs
SW. into the Connecticut, in Hinsdale.
Ashville, p-v. Buncombe co. N. C. ; W. 520.
Ashuk, t. A. Turkey, in Mosul, on the Tigris ;
25 SE. Tecrit.
ASIA, one of the great divisions or quarters
of the world, surpassing in extent Europe and
Africa, taken together. It lies east of Europe
and Africa, and west of America; bounded N.
by the Frozen Ocean, E. by the North Pacific
Ocean and the sea of China, S. by the Indian
Ocean and the Arabian Sea, and W. by the Red
Sea, the isthmus of Suez, the Mediterranean,
the Archipelago, the Dardanelles, the. sea of
Marmora, the straits of Constantinople, the
Black Sea, the straits of Caffa, the sea of Azof,
and Europe. The boundary between Asia
and Europe, from the sea of Azof to the Frozen
Ocean, is partly arbitrary, but it is generally
understood to be formed by the rivers Don,
Sarepta, Volga, Kama, and the Uralian moun
tains. Extent. Asia lies between Lon. 26. and 190.
E. Lat. 2. and 77. N. ; being 7,583 miles in
length, from the western shores of Natolia to
East Cape in Siberia ; and 5,250 in breadth,
from the northern extremity of Siberia to the
southern point of Malacca. Sq. m. according to
Templemann, 13,591,100; Graberg, 15,301,700;
Hassel, 16,282,800.
Principal states. The following are the prin
cipal states, with their estimated population. "
Stales. Pop. Chief cities.
Russia in Asia  10,000,000  Astrachaii.
Turkey in Asia  11,000,000  Aleppo.
Arabia  10,000,000  Mecca. .
Persia  18,000,000  Teheran.
Chinese empire  ,  185,000,000  Pekin,
Japan  20,000,000  Jeddo. l'|

ASl

95

ASI

Hindostan  100,000,000  Calcutta.
Birman empire, ) „„ nnf) nnf) Ummera-
Siam, Laos, Malacca, $ ^>uu">uuu  poora.
Islands ; Borneo, Su- 1
matra, Java, Celebes, > 15,000,000
he. ) 
391,000,000
Population. Asia is supposed to contain as
much as 4-7ths of the whole population of the
globe ; but the amount is uncertain, and va
riously estimated. Volney estimates it at
240,000,000, Malte-Brun at 340,000,000, Gra-
berg at 366,000,000, Le Sage at 380,000,000,
Hassel at 392,000,000, Pinkerton and others at
500,000,000. Rivers. The principal rivers are the Kian-
Ku, Hoang-Ho, Oby, Lena, Enisei, Amur,
Mecon, Irrawady, Ganges, Burrampooter, Indus,
Euphrates, Tigris, and Jilion.
Mountains. The principal ranges of moun
tains are the Altai, Himaleh, Ural, Caucasus,
Taurus, and Ghauts.
Islands. The Asiatic islands are very nume
rous and important. Some of the principal are
Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Celebes ; the Manillas,
the Moluccas, the Japan islands, the Kurile
islands ; Ceylon, Cyprus, Rhodes, and Samps.
There are besides a numerous class of islands
sometimes considered as belonging to Asia, but
now forming a fifth division of the globe, under
the name of Australasia. See Australasia.
Climate. The climate of Asia admits of eveiy
variety, from the scorching heat of the torrid
zone to the piercing cold of the polar circle. In
no part, however, is the heat so great as in the
tropical deserts of Africa. The transition from
a hot to a cold climate is very sudden in Asia,
owing to the elevation of the central parts,
and to the ranges of high mountains.
Soil. The northern parts are generally sterile,
but the southern are, for the most part, extreme
ly fertile. '
Productions. The productions of the southern
part of Asia surpass, in luxuriance and delicacy,
those of every other quarter of the globe, and
form the grand support of European luxury.
Minerals. Asia is rich in mineral productions.
Native gold is found in Assam and the islands
of Celebes and Borneo ; tin, in inexhaustible
quantities, in Banca ; diamonds in Golconda;
rubies in Ceylon ; topazes in Siberia and else
where ; silver and other minerals in different
parts. Vegetables. The tea-plant is peculiar to Asia.
The most useful vegetables, the bread-fruit and
bamboo, are widely diffused ; the former, along
with rice, affording food to millions ; the latter
converted into almost every implement of
domestic economy.
Animals. Some of the most valuable animals
are indigenous to Asia. The horse is found
wild on the northern confines of Persia. The
elephant is trained to all kinds of service. The
camel is a very important animal to Asiatics in
performing the most arduous journeys.
Commerce. Foreign commerce is almost
wholly in the hands of European nations and
the United States. The internal trade is exten
sive, and is carried o n chiefly by means of the

camel, except in China, where there are great
facilities for inland navigation.
Religion. A spirit of the most degrading
superstition pervades nearly all Asia. The
prevailing religions are Paganism and Mahoin-
etanism. The latter is the prevailing religion
of Turkey, Arabia, and Persia; and is also
diffused in Tartary, part of Asiatic Russia,
Hindoostan, and many of the Asiatic islands.
There are various forms of Paganism ; some of
the principal of which are, Shamanism, which
exists in China and Japan under the title of
the religion of Fo, arid of which, in Thibet, the-
Grand Lama is the head ; Bramanism, which
prevails in Hindoostan, and some other parts ;
and the worship of Buddhu or Boodh, which
prevails in the Birman empire, and is found
also in various other countries in the southeast
of Asia. — Christianity, under the form of the
Greek and Armenian churches, exists to a con
siderable extent in the Turkish and Russian
dominions. The Christian religion has also
been introduced by the European settlements,
and extensive exertions are now making to
extend its blessings by means of missionaries
and the diffusion of the scriptures.
Government. Despotism is almost the only
government in Asia.
. Asia is remarkable for being the region where
the human race were first planted, and Chris
tianity established. Here was the residence of
the Israelites, and the seat of the Assyrian,
Babylonian, and Persian empires, and here
were transacted most of the events recorded in
the scriptures.
Asia Minor, the most western portion of Asia,
lying between the Mediterranean and the Black
Sea ; the Archipelago and the river Euphrates;
about 1,000 miles from E. to W., and 400 or 500
from N. to S. It is now under the Turkish
government, divided into several provinces, of
which Natolia and Caramania are the most
considerable. — fisia, in the New Testament,
sometimes means Asia Minor, and sometimes
only a district in the western part of it, but
never the continent of Asia. The name of
Asia Minor is said to have been first used in
the middle ages.
Asia, t. Peru, near the coast; 54 NNW. Pico.
Lat. 12. 55. N.
Asia Isles, a cluster of low isles in the eastern
sea, covered with trees. Lon. 131. 30. E. Lat
1. N.
Asiago, t. Aust. Italy, in Vincenza ; 20 N.
Vicenza. Fop. 11,000. It is the principal place
of the Sette Communi, or Seven Communes,
which occupy the northern and mountainous
parts bordering on the Tyrolese. The soil is in
general so very unproductive, that it yields
scarcely provision for two months, notwith
standing all the exertions of the inhabilants,
who are, in this district, more than 40,000 in
number. The inhabitants are descendants from
the ancient Germans, and lead a purely pasto
ral life.
Asiana, ancient name of SW. half of Asia
Minor. Asiano, t. Piedmont, in Vercelli ; 4 S. Ver-
celli. Asiakurd, t. Curdistan ; 25 NNW. Van.

ASN

96

ASP

Asiento, or Asianlc, see Ashaniec.
Asikala, t. Finland ; 33 ENE. Tavasluus.
Lon. 25. 18. E. Lat. 61. 13. N.
Asillo, t. S. America, in Buenos-Ayres, on
lake Titicaca ; 15 W Asangaro.
Asin, t. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 20 S. Amasio.
Asmara, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
NW. coast of Sardinia, about 30 miles in circ,
fertile and populous. In the mountains are
great numbers of wild boars, deer, buffaloes,
and falcons. Lon. 8. 16. E. Lat. 41. 6. N. Pop.
3,300. Asindo, now Medina-Sidonia.
Asinello, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, Lon. 14. 32. E. Lat. 42. 10. N.
Asiongaber, see Eziongeber.
Asir, (Al,) t. Persia, in Irak-; 30 S. Nehavend.
Asiref, see Asheref.
Aska, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 25 NW. Ganjam.
Askasy, t. Abascia, at the mouth of a river
near the Black Sea ; 100 NNW. Anakopia.
Lon. 37. 40. E. Lat. 44. 6. N.
Aslceaton, t. Ireland, in Limerick, on the river
Deal ; 14 SW. Limerick. It was formerly a
large town, but now much decayed.
Askelon, or Askalon, see Ascalon.
Asker-Mukrem, t. Persia, in Chusistan ; 30 S.
Toster. Askero, t. Sweden, in Jamtland ; 30 N. Fro-
son. Askeron, or Askerne, v. Eng., in Yorkshire,
near Doncaster ; celebrated for a sulphurous
spring. Pop. 113.
Askersund, t. Sweden, in Nericia, on Wetter
lake. Lon. 14. 36. E. Lat. 58. 55. N. Pop. 802.
Great quantities of nails are made here.
Askoe, small isl. Denmark, near N. coast of
Zealand. Lon. 11. 31. E. Lat. 54. 54. N.
Askoe, small isl. in the North Sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 60. 27. N.
Askola, t. Finland ; 10 N. Borgo.
Askow, or Bad River, r. N. America, which
runs NE. into the Saskashawin.
Askrig, t. Eng., in North Riding of Yorkshire,
with a weekly market on Tuesday ; 40 NW.
Boroughbridge, 243 N. London. Pop. 745.
Aslana, t. Hind., Malwa; 26 E. Sagur.
Asling, or Jessenize, t. Aust, in Carniola, on
the Save; 16 SSW. Clagenfurt.
Aslo, seeAsselo.
Aslonne, t. France, Two-Sevres ; 9 leagues
W. Poitiers. Pop. 2,000.
Asluman, t. on W. coast of the island of
Panay. Lon. 122. 5. E. Lat. 10. 42. N.
Asmanabad, t. Persia, in Mecran ; 4 Huftur.
Asmooz, t. Switz., in Grisons, on the Rhine,
opposite to the pass of Luciensteig.
Asna, or Esneh, (an. Latopolis,) t. Egypt, on
the Nile ; 304 S. Cairo. Lon. 33. 22. E. Lat.
25. N. It is a large place, and the residence of
an Arabian scheik. Here are remains of a
famous temple, still in a state of considerable
preservation. Asna, t. on the coast of Tripoli ; 30 S. Colbene.
Lon. 16. 35. E. Lat. 30. 50. N.
Asna, t. Bengal ; 18 NW. Nagore.
Asnabad, t. Dowlatabad ; 4 NE. Darore.
Asnah, t. Bengal ; 15 NW. Birboom.
Asnaha, t. Orissa ; 40 NW. Harriorpour.
Asneah, t. Bahar ; 58 SSE. Boglipour.

Asnieres, t. France, in Upper- Vienne ; 10
NW. Bellac
Asnik, t. Grand Bukharia, in Balk ; 60 E.
Balk. Aso, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 60 N. Jedo.
Asola, t. Aust. Italy, Brescia, on the Chiesa;
20 SSE. Brescia. Pop. 4,000.
Asolo, t. Aust. Italy, in Treviso, near the river
Musone ; 15 NW. Trevigio, 45 NE. Verona.
Lon. 11. 53. E, Lat. 45. 50. N. Pop. 4,352.
It is surrounded with walls and gates, and upon
the top of the hill stands a spacious citadel ;
here are a few remains of Roman aqueducts!
Asona, r. Italy, which rises in the Apennines,
and runs into the Adriatic, 10 SE. Fermo.
Asonusa, t. Japan, Niphon ; 85 N. Jedo.
Asoph, see Azoph.
Asouda, t. Africa, in Asben ; 320 N. Cashna,
480 S. Mourzouk. Lon. 13. 10. E. Lat. 21.
40. N. .
Asoupas, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 62 N. Schi
ras. Aspach, t. Bav. ; 2 NE. Spalt. Pop. 600.
Aspach, t. Ger., in Gotha ; 3 W. Gotha.
Aspadona, now Ispahan.
Aspah, t. Austria ; 12 E. Steyr.
Aspang, h Austria; 17 S. Ebenfurth.
Asparn, t. Austria; 10 SE. Laab. Pop. 1,150.
Aspas, t. Persia, in Chusistan ; 45 NW. Esta-
char. Aspas, t. Sweden, in Jamtland; 100 N. W.
Sundswall. Lon. 14. 12. E. Lat. 63. 20. N.
Aspe, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Elda ; 12
W. Alieant. Pop. 5,000.
Aspr,tViejo, t. Spain, in Valencia; 10 W. Ali
eant. Asperg, see Hohen Asperg.
Asperen, t. South Holland, on the Linge ; 15
S. Utrecht, 22 E. Rotterdam. Pop. 737. It is
famous for a long siege which it held out
against the Gueldrians, in 1517.
Asperg, t. Wurt, in Ens, at the foot of the
fortress of Hohen Asperg. Pop. 1,285.
Aspern, v. Austria, on the Danube, near
Vienna, which gives name to a famous bat
tle, fought on the 21st and 22d of May 1809,
between the French and Austrians. Pop.
900. Asperkirch, t. Austria; 5 SE. Peyerbach.
Asperslorf t. Austria ; 2 NE. Sonneberg.
Aspert, t. France, in Upper-Garonne, on the
Garonne ; 19 leagues SW. Toulouse. Pop.
3,492. Aspeylia, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the Vio
la ; 15 S. St. Sebastian.
Alphallites, sea Dead Sea.
Aspida, r. which rises in Ancona, and runs
into the Adriatic, Lon. 13.42. E. Lat. 43.27. N.
Aspirau, t. France, in Herault ; 6 N. Pezenas.
Aspis, t. Africa, on the coast of Tripoli. Lon.
15. 50. E. Lat. 31. 15. N.
Aspis, see Clybea.
Aspoe, small isl. Sweden, in the Baltic ; 2
SW. Carlscrona. Lon. 4. 56. E. Lat. 61. 13. N.
Aspremont, t. France, in Meuse ; 4 SE. St.
Mihiel. Aspremont, t. Italy, in Nice, on the left side
of the Var; 6 N. Nice. Pop. 1,275.
Aspremont, t. Neth., in Limburg; S.Liege.
Pop, 670. It gave name to a noble family.

ASS

97

ASS

• Aspres les Veynes, t. France, in Higher-Alps ;
15 W. Gap. Pop. 900.
Aspro, mt. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 8 NW.
Gierace. Aspro, or Aspro-Potamo, (an.Achelous,) r. Eu.
Turkey, which runs into the sea, 28 W. Le
panto. Aspronisi, (an. Therasia, and Automate,)
small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, near W.
coast of Santorini. Lon. 25. 23. E. Lat. 36.
30. N.
Aspro-Spilia, or Asprospizzia, (an. Anlicyr.a,)
t. Eu. Turkey; 10 SSW. Livadia. It has a
commodious and well frequented harbour, on
N. side of the Gulf of Lepanto.
Aspull, t. Lancashire, Eng., near Manches
ter. Pop. 1,253.
Asrail, isl. in lake Menzaleh ; 12 SE. Da-
mietta. Assa Nagga, t. Nubia ; 1 10 S. Chiggre.
Assa, t. Cephalonia ; 16 NNW. Cephalonia.
Assa, r. Morocco, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 29.36. N.
Assab, (an. Saba,) isl. in the Red Sea, near
the coast of Abyssinia. The channel between
the island and the continent is called the road
of Assab. Lat. 13.3. IN.
Assai, t Japan, in Oomi, or Omi.
Assam, countiy, Asia, bounded N. by Thibet,
W. by Hindoostan, S. by Meckley ; the east
ern boundaries are not known. It is situated
between the 25th and 28th deg. N. Lat. and
94th and 99th E. Lon. Its length is estimated
at 700 miles, and its average breadth at 70.
No probable estimate of this country can be
made, but it is known to be very thinly inhab
ited, seven eighths of the county being deso
late, and overgrown with jungle, although one
of the most fertile in the world. The people
are represented as bound by no religion or
rules, but those of their own inclinations. It
produces gold in considerable quantities ; also
ivory, lac, pepper, silk, and cotton. The soil
is replete with nitre, and great quantities of
gunpowder are manufactured. Jorhat is the
present capital ; the former capital was Gher-
gong ; Bungpour is the principal military sta
tion. Assam Choky, t Assam, on the Burrampooter ;
32 E. Rangamalty.
Assau, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 40 miles
from Diarbekir.
Assan, t. on NW. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99.
57. E. Lat. 3. 5. N.
Assancalee, f. Armenia, built on a sharp rock,
in the midst of a plain, surrounded with walls,
and defended with towers and a citadel, in
which is kept a garrison ; a small day's jour
ney from Erzerum.
Assanus, now Isser.
Assaquin Creek, r. Virginia, which runs into
York river, between Hanover and New Kent
counties. Assar, r. Abyssinia, which flows into the Nile.
Assarli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 44 ESE.
Filippopoli. Assarpour, t. Hind., in Cutch, at the mouth
of the Indus ; 35 W. Boogebooge, 105 SE.
Tatta. Lon. 67. 28. E. Lat. 23. 17. N.
Assatiegue, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
Vol. I. 14

of Mexico, about 20 miles long and 2 broad.
Lon. 75. 20. W. Lat. 38. N.
Assaunen, t. Prussia ; 40 SE. Konigsberg.
Assawowmon Inlet, narrow channel between
two small islands in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Virginia. Lon. 75. 30. W. Lat. 37.
48. N.
Assawiilly, t. Hind., in Mewar ; 18 SW. Ou-
dipour, 110 NW. Ougein. Lon. 74. 25. E. Lat.
24. 32. N.
Asse le Beranger, t. France, in May'enne ; 3
E. Evron. H. 100.
Asse le Boisve, t. France, in Sarte ; 8 SSW.
Alem;on. H. 270.
Asseen,t. Persia, in Laristan; 10 N. Gam-
bron. Asseet, t. Hind., in Oude ; 16 S. Budayeon.
Asseez Ras, a long point of land extending
into the Red Sea, near the coast of Abyssinia.
Lon. 38. 18. E. Lat. 18. 24. N. It is supposed
by Mr. Salt to be the Ptolemais Theron of
Ptolemy. Asselen, t. Pru., Minden ; 9 SE. Paderborn.
Asseler Sand, isl. in the Elbe, below Ham
burg. . Lon, 9. 26. E- Lat. 53. 42. N.
Asselo, or Aslo, t. Persia, in Farsistan, on N.
coast of the Persian Gulf; 130 S. Schiras. Lon.
52. 25. E. Lat. 27. 26. N.
Assem, t. Africa, and capital of Ardra.
Assem, or Lassem, t on N. coast of Java.
Lon. 111. 21. E. Lat. 6. 42. S.
Assem-Calasi, or Asyn-Kalesi, (an. Jasus,)v.
and fortress, A.Turkey, in Natolia. Lon. 27. 32.
E. Lat. 37. 18. N. It is situated on a peninsula
among the branches of mount Grius, N. of Bod-
rum. Many antiquities of Jasus are seen here.
Assen, t. Neth., capital of Drenthe ; 11 S.
Groningen, 20 NNW. Covorden. Lon. 6. 24.
E. Lat. 52. 58. N. Pop. 600.
Assendelft, v. N. Holland. Pop. 2,186.
Assendi, t. Hind., in Delhi ; 25 W. Pannyput.
Assenede, t. Flanders ; . 1 SW. Sas de Ghent.
Pop. 3,120.
Assenheim, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, in the Wet-
terau, belonging to the count of Solms-Ro-
delheim, at the conflux of the Wetter and the
Nidda ; 1 1 NE. Francfort on the Mayn, 28
ENE. Mentz. Lon. 8. 48. E. Lat. 50. 19. N.
Pop. 615.
Assens, s-p. Denmark, on W. coast of Fyen,
with a harbour in the Little Belt. Lon. 9. 54.
E. Lat. 53. 20. N. Pop. 900.
Asseradoes, see Aserradores.
Asseria, or Assesia, or Assissia, see Podraje.
Asserigo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 7 NE.
Aquila. Assero Babe, t. Nubia ; 120 S. Chiggre.
Asses Ears, small isl. in the Chinese Sea.
Lon. 114. 7. E. Lat. 21. 55. N.
Assewan, t. Hind., Moultan; 24 W. Ad-
jodin. Assewan, t. Hind., in Oude; 15 W. Lucknow.
Lon. 80. 52. E. Lat. 26. 49. N.
Assid, t. Hind., in Oude; 25 W. Bissowia.
Assieu, t. Africa, in the road from Mourzouk
to Agades ; 200 S. Mourzouk. Lon. 13. E.
Lat. 23T 45. N.
Assin, t. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 20 S. Amasia.
Assin, km. Africa, between Fautee and
Ashantee.

ASS

08

AST

Assinea, r. Africa, which separates the gold
coast from the ivory coast, and runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 4. W. Lat. 5. 10. N. At its
mouth is a village of the same name.
Assiniboin, or Red River, large river, N. A.
which flows into the south end of lake Winni
peg. It is formed by two rivers which unite
about 50 miles from the lake. The eastern
branch, called Red River, rises near the head
waters of the Mississippi. The western branch,
called Assiniboin, rises about Lon. 104. W. Lat.
51. N. Both are navigable for canoes to their
source. The countiy between these rivers,
and to the south, is a continued plain, with
little wood ; the soil sand and gravel, produc
ing a short grass. The North West Company
have several trading establishments on the As
siniboin. Assiniboins, Indians, N. A. on the Assiniboin,
Milk, and White Earth Rivers. No. 4,200.
Assingdon, see Ashdon.
Assisi, t. Popedom, in Spoleto ; Bp. see. ; 15
W. Nocera, 20 NNW. Spoleto. Lon. 12. 35. E.
Lat. 43. 3. N. Pop. 4,000. Native, Metastasio.
Assita, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 22 W. Udo.
Assiut, see Siut.
. Asso, or Beyram, (an. Assos,) s-p. Natolia, in
the Gulf of the iEgean Sea, to which it gives
name ; 32 W. Adramiti. Lon. 26. E. Lat. 39.
38. N. Here are many ruins.
Assodnagur, t. Hind., in Boujepour, capital
of a district of the same name ; 58 SE. Poo-
nah. Lon, 74. 55. E. Lat. 18. 6. N.
Assoka, t Africa, Ivory Coast, 5 or 6 miles
from the sea. Pop. 1,000.
Assonet, p-v. Bristol co., in the township of
Freetown, Mass. ; on E. side of Taunton riv
er; 8 S. Taunton, 39 S. Boston, W. 446.
Assory, t. Hind., Gohud ; 10 SSW. Labaar.
Assorick, t. Thibet ; 60 S. Gangotry.
Assom, t. Africa, in Whidah, on the Slave
Coast Lon. 4. 39. E. Lat. 7. 5. N.
Assomplion, r. L. Canada, which flows into
the St. Lawrence, \6 miles below Montreal.
Assomption, v. L. Canada, on the Assomp-
tion, 10 miles above its entrance into the St.
Lawrence. It contains 80 or 90 houses, some
of which are well built of stone, and a number
of store houses. Large quantities of grain Sic
are collected here for exportation.
Assow,t. Africa, Whidah; 18 WNW. Sabi.
Assuan, or Assouan, see Syene.
Assuery, t. Hind, in Bahar ; 12 S. Gayah.
Assumption, parish, Louisiana, watered by
the Lafourche ; about 50 S. Baton Rouge.
Pop. 3,576. With a p-v. W. 1,351.
Assumption, t. Buenos Ayres, capital of the
province of Paraguay, Lon 58. 50. W. Lat.
25. 30. S. Pop. according to Brackenridge, 12,
or 15,000. Bp. see. It is situated in a fertile
country, on the river Paraguay, 1,200 miles
above Buenps Ayres, and exports hides,- tobac
co, and sugar. It is remarkable for the salu
brity of its climate. It has a cathedral, 3
churches, 4 convents, and a college. Large
boats arrive here from Buenos Ayres, after a
passage of 2 or 3 months.
Assumption, see Assomplion.
Assumption, or Assongon, one of the Ladrone
islands, in N. Pacific Ocean, near the coast of

California ; according to Perousp, about 9
miles in circumference ; the highest point
about 200 toises above the level of the sea ; he
says it would be difficult to conceive a more
horrible place. Lat. 28. 4. N.
Assumption, t. Mexico ; 50 E. Sumas.
Assumption, small isl. in the Indian Sea. Lon.
47. 15. E. Lat. 9. 45. S.
Assumption, t. New Grenada ; 70 ENE. Tunja.
Assumgiova, Usumlsiova, t. Eu. Turkey, on
the Usum ; two days' journey W. Adrianople.
Noted for its fairs.
Assyn-Kalesi, see Assem- Calasi.
Assy, t. France, in Oise ; 8 S. Crespy.
Assyria, ancient countiy, Asia. It had Ar
menia N., Media E., Babylonia S., and the Ti
gris W. Now Curdistan. Chief city, Nineveh.
Asia, t. Guelderland ; 4 SE. Culemburg.
Asta, r. Spain, which empties itself into the
Bay of Biscay, at Villa Viciosa.
Asta, Peru, in Lima; 65 SSE. Pisco.
Asta, t. Hind., in Visiapour; 18 S. Currer.
Aslabat, t. Persian Armenian, on the Aras;
20 SE. Nacsivan. It has a small town, but
neat, and each house supplied with a well of
water. In the environs great quantities of ro-
nas are cultivated, the roots of which are used
in dying the red colour of the Indian chintzes,
calicoes, he.
Astabora, r. Nubia, which runs into the Red
Sea, Lat. 18. 6. N.
Astaboras- now Tacazze.
Aslafort, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, dis
trict of Agen. Pop. 2,555.
Aslaffort, t. France, in Gero, on the Gers ; 5
leagues NE. Condom. H. 360.
Astane, t. Chinese Tartary, in Hami ; 20 NW.
Hami. Astapa, see Estapa.
Aslapus, now Abawi.
Astara, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian
Sea, Lat. 38, 35. N.
Astara, t. Persia, capital of a district or pro
vince, whose governor is independent of Ghi-
lan and Schirvan, on the Astara ; 70 N. Reshd,
100 E. Tabris. Lon. 49. E. Lat. 38. 20. N.
Aslarabat, t Persia, in Segestan ; 100 N. Za-
reng, 220 WNW. Candahar.
Astarac, small pr. France, before the late di
vision of the country, situated in Gascony,
about 24 miles square ; Mirande was the capital.
Aslee, t. Hind., in Goondwanah ; 54 W. Nag-
pour. Aslee, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 50 ESE. Au-
rungabad. Aslen, v. Neth., in N. Brabant. Pop. 2,281.
Asterabad, or Esterabad, t. Persia, and capital
of a district to which it gives name ; 300 NNE.
Ispahan. Lon. 54. 0. E. Lat. 36. 54. N. Pop.
15,000. H. 300. It is situated at SE. of the
Caspian Sea, at the mouth of a river which
forms a bay very convenient for trade.
Astcrwein, t. Prussia ; 6 E. Osterrode.
Aslesan, or County of Asti, countiy, Piedmont,
bounded W. by the principality of Chieri and
Carmagnola, N. by the Vercellois, E. by the
Vercellois and the Alexandrin, and S. by the
marquisate of Corzegno ; about 25 miles long,
and 10 broad. It was once a republic, but was
afterwards annexed to Piedmont.

AST

99

AST

Aslheim, v. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Rhine,
near Trebur. Pop. 650.
Asti, (an. Asta,) city, Piedmont, near the riv
ers Barbo and Tanaro, and capital of Astesan,
or county of Asti ; 20 W. Alexandria, 24 E.
Turin. Lon. 8. 21. E. Lat. 44. 50. N. Pop.
21,225. Bp. see. It is large and well built,
and contains a castle, a cathedral, 1 collegiate
church, 8 parish churches, 14 convents, a
gymnasium, a seminary, and 2 hospitals. The
surrounding countiy is agreeable and fertile,
interspersed with small hills, embellishing the
seats of the nobility and gently. — Native, Al
lien. Astille, t. France, in Mayenne; 8 SW. Laval.
H. 340.
Asligis, now Ecija.
Astolphus, now Langur.
Astomia,t. on N. coast of Candia ; 12 E.Re-
timo. Astorga, (an. Asturica Augusta,) city, Spain,
in Leon, on the Tueria; 28 W. Leon. Lon.
6. 10. W. Lat. 42. 27. N. Pop. 2,000. Bp. see.
It is of great antiquity, and contains 6 churches,
several religious houses and hospitals. It was
once a place of great strength ; stands on a
small eminence, commanding a view of a fer
tile and beautiful countiy, but the streets are
very dirty. The cathedral is so filled with
ecclesiastics, as to be called the City of Priests.
Astoria, an establishment, on W. coast of N. A.,
onN. side of the Columbia, 18 miles above its en
trance into the Pacific ocean. Lat. 45. 15. N.
This establishment was formed by Americans
in 1811, for the purpose of canying on the fur
trade, but 2 or 3 years afterwards was sold to
the English North West Fur Company, who
still possess it. It consists of one large frame
house and 5 or 6 small ones, shops, he. ;
around the whole is a high picket, with 3 six
pounders.. Astova, small isl. in the Indian Sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lon. 68. E. Lat. 10. 6. S.
Aslrabad, t. Persia, in Chorasan, on the bor
ders of Balk ; 70 ENE. Herat.
Astrachan, or Astrakhan, gov. A. Russia,
bounded N. by Voronez and Saratov, E. by
Tartary, SE. by the Caspian sea, SW. by Cau
casus, and W. by the Don Cosacs. Pop.
362,000; or 383,000; Russians, Cosacs, Cal-
mucs, Tartars, Armenians, Hindoos, Georgi
ans, Persians, he. Sq. m. 41,600. . It is divid
ed into 4 circles, Astrachan, Krasnoiarsk,Enota-
evsk, and Tchernoiarsk. Chief towns, Astra
chan and Uralsk. This government has been
included within the government of Caucasus.
It is watered by the Volga and Ural. The soil
is generally barren, except on the banks of the
rivers. It contains many salt lakes.
Astrachan, city, A. Russia, capital of the gov
ernment of the same name, on an island, in
the Volga, 52 miles above its entrance into the
Caspiansea; 330 SSE. Saratov, 1,040 SSE.
Petersburg. Lon. 47. 44. E. Lat. 46. 21. N.
Pop. stated at 70,000, yet the permanent in
habitants are said not to exceed 30,000. H.
3,500. Abp. see. The population consists of
a mixture of Russians, Armenians, Greeks,
Tartars, Persians, Jews, Hindoos, English, and
French. The city is 3 miles in circ, of very

irregular figure, surrounded by a wall. It con
tains a cathedral, 25 Greek chh., 2 Armenian,
1 Cath., and 1 Luth., and 19 mosques. The
city is mostly built of wood, except the church
es and other public buildings, and many of
the modern houses, which are mostly of stone
or brick.
Astrachan is a place of great trade and man
ufacture. It was the design of Peter the Great
to make it the centre of an extensive com
merce, and with this design he encouraged the
conflux of inhabitants from all parts. The sit
uation is favourable for the object, being on
the borders of Asia and Europe. By means of
the Caspian seaand the Volga, merchandize may
be exchanged between Persia, Armenia, and
India, and the ports of the Baltic. The ex
ports consist of fish, iron, cochipeal, indigo,
woollen and linen cloths, Russia leather, bro
cades, taffeta, satin, Sic There are said to be,
40 manufactories of silk in the city, all in the
hands of Armenians ; extensive salt works are
also carried on ; also manufactures of gunpow
der. Vines flourish luxuriantly in the neigh
bourhood, from which white wine is made;
grapes are also sent to Petersburg. The im
ports consist of cotton and cotton stuffs, raw
and manufactured silk, shawls, lurs, he. There
is a considerable trade in jewels and precious
stones. — Astrachan was anciently the capital of
a kingdom in the countiy of Capchac, belong
ing to the Mongol Tartars, and extending as
far as Moscow. — The Edinburgh missionaiy
society support 2 missionaries here. Here are
schools and a -printing press, from which 15,000
copies of portions of the Scriptures are annu
ally issued.
Astraus, now Vislriza.
Astrenabad, t. Bengal ; 30 E. Calcutta.
Aslrizza, (an. Abdera,) v. Eu. Turkey,' in Ro
mania, 40 miles from the mouth of the Mari-
za; 97 S. Adrianople. Lon. 25. E. Lat. 41. 20.
N. It is now a mean place.
Aslrop, v. Eng., in Northamptonshire, noted
for a medicinal spring ; 5 W. Brackley.
Astruni, v. near Naples, where the king has
a park, formed of a volcanic basin," enclosed
with a wall about 4^ miles in circumference.
Astrup, t. Han., in Osnabruck ; 4 N. Osna-
bruck. ,
Aslura, small town, with a harbour and tow
er, Popedom, in the district of Rome ; remark
able for being the place where Cicero was be
headed. s
Asluragamicook, lake, L. Canada ; 24 NE.
Quebec. Lon. 67. 25. W. Lat. 50. 25. N.
Asturia, or Asturias, pr. Spain, bounded N. by
the sea, E. by Biscay, S. by Old Castile and
Leon, and W. by Galicia. Its length is about
144 miles, and breadth 44. Pop. 347,176. Sq.
m. 3,880. It is commonly divided in Asturia
d'Oviedo, and Asturia de Santillana, named
from their chief towns. The face of the coun
try is rugged, and towards the S. are the moun
tains, which divide it from Leon and Old Cas
tile, branches of the Pyrenees, covered with
vast forests ; yet the soil produces a sufficiency
of corn, great quantities of fruit, and excellent
wine. There are also mines of gold and ver
milion, The horses of this country are in great

ATE

100

ATH

esteem. The principal- towns are Ovicdo, San-
tillana, and St. Andero. The oldest son of the
king of Spain takes the title- of prince of As
turia, and bears the arms of the country.
Aslurica Augusta, now Astorga.
Astypalaa, now Slampalia.
Asu, t. Swedish Lapland ; 16 NW. Lulea.
Asum, or Offwn, t. Africa, on the sea coast of
Adel ; 60 S. Cape Guardafui.
AsUmdts, t. Walachia ; 8 E. Bucharest
Asumpour, t Bengal ; 36 S. Calcutta.
Asuncion, t. Margarita, capital of the island,
situated in the centre. It is unimportant, ex
cept as being the capital.
Aswad, t. Arabia; 28S. Saade.
Asylum, p-t. Bradford co. Pa. on the Susque
hanna; 59 NW. Wilkesbarre, W. 284. Pop. 471.
Asi/nt Point, or Row Stoir, cape, on W. of
Scotland, in Sutherland. Lon. 5. 18. W. Lat.
58. 13. N.
Asynkalasi, see Assem Calasi.
Atabald, t Mexico, in Culiacan ; 30 N. Cu
liacan. Atacama, or St. Francis d'Atakama, t Buenos
Ayres, capital of a province ; 35 miles from
the Pacific Ocean ; 150 SW. La Plata. Lon.
69. 16. W. Lat. 21. 45. N. The province bor
ders on Chili ; the soil is in some parts fertile,
in others sandy and barren. Pop. of the pro
vince only 2,500.
Atacames, see Tacames'
Alakavi, r. S. America, which runs in the
Oronoko, Lon. 68. 10. W. Lat 4. 10. N.
Alakkeui, t. Natolia ; 44 NW. Eregri.
Atalaya,t. St. Domingo; 30 S. Cape Fran
cois. Atalaya de Magouta, t Portugal, in Estrama
dura; 6 S. Thomar, 18 NW. Lisbon. Pop.
1,300. It is defended by a fortress on an emi
nence difficult of access.
Atalaya Satelha, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 13
NE. Castel Branco.
Alamahia, t. Hind., Orissa ; 60 NW. Cattack.
Atamut, t. Persia, in Irac ; 40 NE, Casbin.
Atapuera, t. Spain, in Old Castile, near Bur
gos. Alarbechis, ancient t. Egypt, on an island of
the Delta. Here Venus had a temple.
Ataroly, t. Hind., in the Delhi ; 42 SE. Se-
cundara. Atax, now Aude.
Alaxora, t Spain, in Navarre ; 12 miles from
Olita. Atbas, chain of mountains, Siberia, on the
confines of Yakutsk.
Atbara, see Tacazzi:
Atchirsk'oi, t Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ir
tisch; 28 SE. Omsk.
Atchinsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tchu-
lim ; 424 SSE. Tobolsk. Lon. 89. 36. E. Lat.
56; 20. N.
Atchekalch, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, on
the Black Sea ; 15 SW. Trebisond.
Alchencoil, t. Hind. ; 50 E. Travancore.
Atcherawauk, t. Hind., in the Jaghire ; 10
SW. Carangoly.
Ateca, (an. Attacum,) t. Spain, in Aragon, on
the Xalon ; 6 W. Calataiud.
Atella, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, at the foot
of the Apennines ; 27 W. Materia. Lon. 15
43. E. Lat. 40. 53. N.

Ateltarw, Op Alellari, r. Sicily, which runs in-
to the sea between Syracuse and Cape Passa-
ro Lon. 15 5.E. Lat. 36. 45. N.
Atenegal, t. Ceylon ; 25 NE. Columbo.
Atend, t. Naples, on the Negro, in the Princi-
pato Citra ; 10 W. Marsico Nuovo.
Atenango, t Mexico ; 80 S. Mexico.
Ateni, t. Georgia, in Carduel ; 15 S. Gori.
Aler, fort, Hind., in Allahabad; 38 WSW;
Allahabad. Atesch-jar, or Alaschkudda, " The place of
fire," a spot on the peninsula of AbscherOli, in
the Caspian sea, nearly a mile in diameter,
from the centre of which a yellowish blue
flame is emittted in dry weather.
Alernus, now Pescara.
Atesle, now Este.
Atfieh, or Etfih, (an. Aproditopolis,) t Egypt,
on E. coast of the Nile, and chief place of a
district; 35 S. Cairo. Lon. 31. 8. E. Lat. 29,
28. N.
Alh, t. Neth., in Hainaut, on the Dender; 9
NW. Mods, 41 E. Tournay. Lon, 3. 46. E.
Lat. 50. 42. N. Pop. 7,634.
AthaboU, or Agasloboli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro
mania, on the Black Sea ; 68 NE. Adrianopl'ei
Lon. 27. 39. E. Lat. 42. 27. N.
Athamania, ancient country of Greece on
the declivity of Pindus.
Athapescow, lake, N. A., 100 miles long, and
from 10 to 30 wide. Lon. 110. W. Lat. 59. N.
The name is applied to the adjacent territory;
and also to a river which flows into. Slave; j
river flows from it to Slave lake.
Athopuscow, see Slave Lake.
Atharsk, t. Russia, in Saratov; 52 Sara-"
tov. Pop. 1,318.
Alhboy, t. Ireland, in Meath; 25 NW. Dublin;
Three fairs are held here annually.
Athee, t. France, in Mayenne ; 3 N. Craon.
Alhee, t. France, in lndre-and-Loke, on the
Cher ; 8 SW. Amboise. H. 255.
Athelney, (Isle of) a rising spot of ground in
the county of Somerset, surrounded by the river
Thone, over which is a bridge ; 1 ENE.Taunton,
This spot, which was anciently environed with
impassable marshes and morasses, will ever be
memorable for the retreatof king Alfred fromthe
fury of the Danes, who, in tumultuous number)
had overrun the eastern part of his dominions;.
Alhetstaneford, see Atholstaneford.
Athenah, or Athens, t. Turkish Armenia, on
the Black Sea ; 7 W. Trebisond.
Alhenas, t. Egypt ; 5 W. Benisuef.
Athene, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra;
18 N. Policastro.
Alhenry, bor. Ireland, in Galway; 10 E. Gal
way. In the year 1315, a battle was fought
near this town between the English and the
Irish, in which the former were victorious.
Athens, t. Somerset co. Maine ; 20 NNE:
Norridgewock. Pop. in 1810,374; in 1820, 590.
Athens, t. Windham co. Vt. ; 26 SSE. Wind"
sor. Pop. 507.
Athens, p-t Greene co. N. Y. on W. "bank of
the Hudson, opposite Hudson city ; 28 S. Al
bany, W. 335. Pop. 2,030. It is a pleasant and
flourishing town, and has some manufactures
and considerable trade.
Athens) p-t. Bradford co. Pa., at -the conflM

ATB

101

ATH

of Tioga and Susquehanna; W. 304. Pop.
1,108. Athens,eo.Oh\o. Pop. 6,312.
Athens, p-t. and cap. Athens co. Ohio ; 41
W. Marietta, 52 E. Chillicothe, W. 347. Lon.
182. 7, W. Lat. 39. 23. N. It is situated on an
elevated peninsula, formed by a large bend of
the Hockhocking, which meanders about the
town. The situation is pleasant and healthy,
and commands an extensive prospect. It con
tains a court-house, a jail, and about 40 houses,
and has valuable mills in its vicinity. Pop. of
the township 1,094. — An institution is estab
lished here, styled the Ohio University, which
is endowed with 46,000 acres of land, yielding
about 2,300 dollars annually. A considerable
p'art of this is appropriated to the support of an
academy, which is in a flourishing state. A
college edifice of brick, large and elegant, was
erected in 1817.
Athens, p-t. Limestone co. Alabama. It is sit
uated- between Huntsville and the Muscle
Shoals, is a central part of the county, and is
the present seat of justice.
Athens, p-t. Clarke co. Georgia on the Oco
nee; 7 N. Watkinsville, 94 WNW. Augusta,
197 NW. Savannah, W. 667. Lat. 35. 15. N.
Pop. in 1810, 273. It has a very elevated, pleas
ant, and healthy situation. A weekly newspa
per is published here.
Franklin College, which together with the
incorporated academies of the state, is styled
the University of Georgia, was incorporated
and established at this place, in 17S4, but did
not go into operation till 1803. The buildings
consist of one college edifice of brick, 3 stories
high, calculated to accommodate 100 students;
2 chapels, one of brick, the other of wood, a
president's and a steward's house of wood.
The library contains about 2,000 vols. The
philosophical apparatus cost $4,000. The funds
consist of 100,000 dollars in bank stock, togeth-
erwith some lands. In 1821, a bill passed the
assembly of Georgia, appropriating $25,000 for
the erection of a new college edifice, and a
permanent annual endowment of $8,000 for
the support of the institution.
The college is under the direction of 15
trustees ; and of a senatus academicus, com
posed of the trustees and the governor and
senate of the state. The executive government
is entrusted to a president ; 3 professors, 1 of
languages, 1 of chemistry, and 1 of mathemat
ics and natural philosophy ; and 1 tutor. The
number of students m 1821, was 99. Com
mencement is held on the 3d Wednesday in
June. There are 2 vacations, one in the sum
mer, of 3 weeks ; the other in the winter, of 8
weeks. Connected with the college there is- an acad
emy or free grammar school, which had, in
1821, 80 students.
Athens, now called Alhiniah, Atini, and Seti-
nes, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, anciently the
capital of Attica, and the most celebrated city
of Greece ; 46 ESE. Corinth, 60 SE. Livadia,
100 NE. Misitra, 300 SW. Constantinople Lon.
23. 46, E. Lat. 37. 58. N. Pop. stated from 8, to
12,000; according to Gait, 10,000; £ Greeks, \
Turks. Greek abp. see. Modem Athens is a

[ small open place ; the. streets very narrow and
' irregular ; and the houses mostly mean, audi
straggling. It contains a. number of churches.
and chapels, mosques and public baths. 1 he ex
ports consist of wool, silk, wax, oil, olives, hon
ey ,.and fruits. The honey from Mount Hymettus<
was in great repute in ancient, times, as it is
also at the present day. The famous streams
of Ilissus and Cephisus, flow into the gulf of
Engia at some distance from the town, and are
in modern times almost dry. Of the 3 harbours,
Phalerum or Phalereus, Munychia, and Piraus,
the last is the most famous, now called Porto
Leone, or Porto Draco. It is 5 miles from the
town, and is frequented by a ie\i French and
English traders, but retains scarcely a memo
rial of its ancient aspect.
Athens was in ancient times the most pow
erful and splendid city of Greece, the greatest
seat of learning and arts in the world, and
the birth place of the most distinguished ora
tors, philosophers, and generals of antiquity.
Notwithstanding the hard fate which it has un
dergone, there are still, in the remains of its
public edifices, ample testimonies of its former
grandeur. While the ruins of I Argos, Sparta,
Corinth, Delos, Delphos, Olympia, Thebes,
Elis, and most other once famous places of
Greece, disappoint the traveller by their insig
nificance, many of those of Athens remain in
a state little inferior to their original splendour.
The hard and stony soil on whiGh the princi
pal part of the city was built, has prevented
any considerable sinking of the temples and
other great monuments, in a lapse of more than
2,000 years. In addition to this, a dry atmos
phere has protected the stone from corrosion,
and preserves to the work of the architect and
statuary all its original gloss and polish.
The most interesting object of modern Ath
ens, perhaps of Greece, is the Acropolis or cit
adel, of which a considerable portion is still in
existence. The rock on which it stands is lofty,
abrupt, and almost inaccessible ; its summit is
flat and J mile in circuit. It has been convert
ed into a fortress, and is surrounded by a thick
rampart. The propyl ea formed the entrance to
the parihenon, or temple of Minerva, the grand
display of Athenian magnificence, and one of
the most interesting remains of antiquity exist
ing ; now converted by the Turks into a
mosque. The Areopagus, or hill of Mars, which
was almost in the centre of ancient Athens, is
outside of the present town, and is used as a
hurrying place. The Pnyx, or place for the
assembly of the people, near the areopagus,
is still nearly in its original state. The site of
the Lyceum, the Stadium, and the Academy, can
be easily traced. The Tower of the Winds is
stili entire, and adorned with admirable sculp
tures ; as is also the temple of Theseus, except
the roof, which is modern.
Athens has suffered during the late conflicts
between the Greeks and Turks. In 1£21, after
having been in the possession of the Greeks, it
was reoccupied by the Turks, and' during the
engagement it was set on fire, and the lower
part of the town was mostly consumed.
Atherfield Point, cape on S. coast of the Isle
of Wight with rocks and shoals near it. Lon. 1.
13. W. Lat. 50. 36. N.

ATI i

102

ATO

Jltherston, t. Eng., in Warwick, near the An
ker, on the borders of Leicestershire. It has a
market on Tuesday ; 13 N. Coventry, 104
NNW. London. Pop. 2,921.
Atherston, t. Eng., on the Stour, in Warwick,
on the borders of Worcestershire ; 3 S. Strat
ford-upon-Avon. Pop. 79.
. Atherton, t. Eng., in Lancashire ; 7 SW. Bol
ton. Pop. 3,894.
Alhesis, now Adige.
Alhie, t France, in Somme ; SSE. Peronne.
Athikeera, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 22 N. Seronge.
Athis, t. France, in Orne ; 13 SW. Falaise.
Fop. 3,260.
Athlone, t. Ireland, on the Shannon, in West-
meath ; 55 W. Dublin. Lon. 7. 50. W. Lat. 53.
20. N. Pop. 7,000. It has a charter school for
50 boys, forms the great pass between Con-
nought and Leinster, and sends one member to
Parliament. Aihol, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. on Miller's
river; 33 NW. Worcester, 72 WNW. Boston,
W. 429. Pop. in 1810, 1,041; in 1820, 1,211.
It is watered by Miller's river, and containsa
paper mill, 2 cotton manufactories, Sic
Allwl, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of the
Hudson, N. of Hadley, 65 N. Albany. Pop. 579.
Athol, district, Scot, forming N. part of the
county of Perth, bounded NW. by Invernes-
shire, N. by Aberdeenshire, E. by Forfarshire,
and S. by the rest of Perthshire. The chief
town is Blair, called Blair-Athol.
Atholstonford, or Athelslaneford, v. Scotland,
in Haddingtonshire ; 4 NE. Haddington. Pop.
897. Home, the author of Douglas, was minis
ter, and Blair, author of the Grave, was a native
of this parish.
Athos, or Monte Santo, or Hagion Oros, lofty
mountain of Greece, in Macedonia, on a penin
sula, at the mouth of the Gulf of Contessa.
Lon. 24. 42. E. Lat. 41. 15. N. It is inhabited
by Greek monks, who have 22 convents, vary
ing in their dimensions, construction, and situa
tion, but all of them remarkable for their beau
ty or magnificence. Each convent has its ab
bot, with a number of monks and lay labourers.
The total number of resident inhabitants is
about 6,000, all males; no women, or even fe
male animals being permitted to enter the holy
precincts of Mount Athos. The libraries be
longing to the convents are said to contain
13,000 MSS. Nothing can exceed the beauty
and variety of the scenery of this mountain.
It is said to cast its shadow as far as the island
of Stalimene, or Lemnos, upwards of 40 miles.
Its height is stated by Kastner at 3,355 feet, and
by Hassel 5,900 feet above the level of the sea ;
by others at 5,000.
Athy, t. Ireland, in Kildare ; 12 N. Carlow,
40 W. Wicklow. Lon. 7.1. W. Lat. 52. 69. N.
Pop. 3,300. The assizes for the county are held
at Naas and Athy alternately.
Atia, t. Persia, in Irac ; 15 NW. Sava.
Atiatis, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Brazil. Lon. 50. 36. Lat. 0. 5. S.
Atichy, t. France, Oise ; 8 E. Compiegne.
Atico, t. Peru, in Arequipa, on the coast; 50
NNW. Camana. Lat. 15. 36. S.
_ Atienga, t. Spain, in Old Castile, with an an
cient castle, situated among the mountains,
called Sierra D'Atienca ; 20 N. Siguen?a.

Atino, t. Naples, in Lavora; 10 tf. Aquino*
12 SE. Sora. Pop. 3,777.
Aliggio, t. Ancona; 12 S. Camerina.
Atipalli, t. Mysore ; 8 NW. Oussoor.
Atira, t. Paraguay ; 50 NE. Assumption.
Atkan, one of the Fox Islands, in N. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 186. 29. E. Lat. 53. 36. N.
Atkinson, t Penobscot co. Maine. Pop. 245.
Atkinson, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 20
WNW. Newburyport, 29 SW. Portsmouth, W,
483. Pop. 563. Here is an academy.
Atkveri, t. Turkish Armenia ; 21 E. Acalzik6.
Atlantic Ocean, name given to the sea which
lies between Europe and Africa to the east, and
America to the west. 3,000 miles wide.
Atlantis, or Atlantidis, isl. mentioned by the
ancients. Its situation is not known, and even
its existence has been doubted. Some suppose
it to be N. part Africa, which is included be
tween the Atlantic and the desert of Sahara;
others think it is the continent of America; and
others suppose it was a vast island W. of the
straits of Gibraltar, now submerged.
Atlas, Great and Little, mountains of Africa:
the Great Atlas extends from the desert of Bar-
ca, 240 miles W. Alexandria, to the coast of the
Atlantic sea, to which it gives name ; it is call
ed by the natives Ayduacal.
The Little Atlas extends from the Straits of
Gibraltar to Bona, in the countiy of Algiers,
and is called by the natives Erriff. Both these
are of such vast height, and for the most part
covered with snow, as to be seen at a great
distance off at sea. The highest parts and most
difficult of access are those which run along the
confines of the kingdom of Tremecen, and the
coldest those that bound the dominions of Mo
rocco. The greatest elevation has been com
puted at 13,200 feet above the level of the sea.
As to the generality of the rest, they enjoy a
much kinder climate, are not only inhabited by
various tribes of Brebers, Arabs, and other
African people ; but in many places are well
cultivated and fertilized, with a number of
towns and villages dispersed in them, well in
habited and stored with abundance of cattle.
Allenburg, or Atlelnburg, t. Ger., in Lauen-
burg, on the Elbe ; 4 W. Lauenburg.
Atlim, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Oby.
Lon. 67. 14. E. Lat. 62. 5. N.
Atlim, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, at
a town of the same name.
Atlisco, t. Mexico, in Puebla, in an extensive
plain, to .which it gives name; 20 WSW. Pue
bla de los Angelos.
Atnah, Indians, in NW. part of N. America.
Lon. 122. W. Lat. 52. N.
Atolonisco, t. Mexico, in New-Biscay; 140
NW. Durango.
Alontaqui, t. Quito, in Otabalo.
Alooi, or Attowa, or Alloway, or Towi, one of
the largest of the Sandwich Islands, in the Pa
cific Ocean, about 30 miles in length from E.
to W. according to some, others make it 300
miles in circ. It has a good road and anchor-
ing-place on the SW. side of the island, called
Wymoa ; it is supposed to contain 54,000 in
habitants. The natives make canoes of fine
workmanship. Some of them, from the fre
quent visits of British navigators, are able to-

ATT

103

ATU

converse in English. Several Europeans re
side here. Lon. 159. 40. W. Lat. 21. 57. N.
Atony, see Hullany.
Atquar, t. Hind., in Patnaud ; 10 S. Timery-
cotta. Atouguia, t. Portugal, in Estramadura, on
an eminence near the sea, opposite the rocks
called Barlings ; 3 E. Peniche. Pop. 1,300.
Alrato, r. S. America ; rises in the lower part
of the province of Chocos, and runs into the
Gulf of Darien. Lon. 77. 6. W. Lat. 8. N.
Atri, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; Bp. see,
united with Penna ; 10 E. Teramo, 28 NE.
Aquila. Lon. 13. 58. E. Lat. 42. 32. N. Pop.
5,466. Atrib, (an. Athribis,) v. Egypt, on the E.
branch of the Nile ; 3 N. Miit-Kamar. It is
built at the extremity of what appear to be the
ruins of a considerable city ; they ate 1,200
yards long, and 800 wide. Large blocks of
marble are frequently dug up near, which the
inhabitants convert into lime.
Alribi, t. Egypt, on the leftside of Nile ; NW.
Achmim. Atrisco, t. Mexico, in a district of the same
name situated in a delightful valley. Families
1,650. Atropatene, or Media Atropatra, division of
ancient Media. Chief city, Gaza.
Atschud, see Adzud.
Alshar, t. Bukharia ; SO ENE. Ascu.
Atsion, p-t. Burlington co. N. J.; 29 ESE.
Philadelphia, W. 169. Here is an iron found-
«ry. Atsmanzdorf t. Pru., Erfurt ; 4 E. Erfurt.
Attacoor, t. Carnatic ; 30 NNW. Nellore.
Attacum, now Alcca.
Atlakapas, p-t. Attakapas co. La.,.W. 1,412,
Altakapas, co. Louisiana, on the Gulf of
Mexico, W. of the Atchafalaya. Pop. in i810,
7,369 ; slaves 3,131. - Pop. in 1820, 12,063,
Allalia, now Italah.
Altalia, see Solatia.
Attancourt, v. France, in Upper-Marne, on
the Blaise ; 30 SE. Chalons-sur-Marne. Pop.
350. Here is a much frequented minerai spring.
Attasse, small isl. in the'Indian Sea, near E.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 50. 30. E. Lat. 16.
10. S.
Attaveg, small isl. among the Hebrides, near
N. coast of Skye ; 4 SE. Ru-hunish.
Altegode, t Ceylon ; 25 SSW. Candi.
Attenby, t Sweden, island of Oeland.
Attendorn, t. Pru., Westphalia, in Arensberg, at
the conflux of the Bigge and the Jenne ; 45
ENE. Cologne, 54 WSW. Cassel. Lon. 8. 3. E.
Lat. 51.3. N. Pop. 1,128. It has a gymnasium,
and was formerly one of the Hanse towns.
Altenhove, t. Brabant ; 3 NE. Landen.
Atterklaa, t. Austria ; 6 NW. Entzerstorff.
Attercliffe, t. Eng.., in the West Riding of
Yorkshire; 2 SE. Sheffield. Pop. 2,281.
Atlern, t. Hind., in Agra, on the Chumbul ;
42 SSE. Agra. Lon. 78. 58. E. Lat. 26. 45. N.
Attersee, lake, Austria; 3 N. St. Wolfgang.
Altery, r. Eng., which rises in Cornwall, and
runs into the Tamar, near Launceston.
Altia, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 25 W. Harra.
Attica, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 20 S. Batavia,
W. 440. Pop. 1,519.

Attica, ancient country, Greece ; now SE.
part of Livadia. Chief city, Athens".
Allicameonets, Indians, Canada, inhabiting
about Lon. 85. W. Lat. 48. N.
Allichy,t. France, in Oise; 11 NNW. Sois-
sons. Pop. 830.
Attigny, t France, and seat of a tribunal, in
Ardennes ; 6 NW. Vouzieres, 18 S. Mezieres.
Pop. 950.
Atiigong,.t. Hind., in Allahabad; 12 NW.
Currah. Attih, see Castillo Pellegrino.
Attimis, t. Friuli ; 9 NE. Udina.
Atlleborough, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. ; 15 WNW.
Taunton, 28 SW. Boston, W. 428. Lon. 71. 21.
W. Lat 42. N. Pop. in 1810,2,716; in 1820,
3,055. Attleborough, p-t. Bucks co. Pa.; 4 NW. Bris
tol, W. 163.
Atlleborough, t. Eng., Norfolk, with a weekly
market on Thursday ; \l\ SSW. Norwich, 93J.
NNE. London. Pop. 1,333.
Alllebury, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y., W. 352.
Atlnang, t Austria ; 1 WSW. Schwannastadt.
Attack, (an. Taxila,) celebrated town and
fort, Hindoostan, belonging to the Seiks, and
capital of a province of the same name, at the
conflux of a river of the same name with the
Indus, there called the Nilab ; 140 NW. Lahore,
158 N. Moultan. Lon. 71. 12. E. Lat. 33. 6. N.
Attock, r. Asia, which joins the Indus, at the
city of Attock.
Attong, t. Hind., in Guzerat; 20 S. Gogo.
Attoor, t. Hind., Dindigul ; 6 SSW. Dindigul.
Attore, t. Hind., in Barramaul ; 50 N. Tritch-
inopoly; 70 NW. Pondicherry. Lon. 78. 47. E.
Lat. 11. 40. N. It is a strong place, and defends
a pass from the Barramaul country to the Car
natic. Altouah, t. Hind., in Allahabad; 38 WSW.
Allahabad. Altrebata, now Arras.
Attn, one of the Fox islands, in N. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 173. 44. E. Lat. 53. 20. N.
Attuie, t. Arabia; 76 WSW. Saade.
Attyah, circar, or pr. Bengal, bounded on N.
by Burbazzoo, Caugmary, and Dacca, E. by
Dacca, and W. by Bettooriah ; about 40 miles
in length, and from 10 to 20 brpad. Pucculoe
and Attyah are the chief towns.
Attyah, t Bengal, and one of the chief towns
in the province of Attyah ; 6 W. Pucculoe, 54
ESE. Nattore. Lon. 90. E. Lat. 24. 10. N.
Atualuca, now Tongeren. .
Atued, or Atuet, t Sweden, in East Gothland,
with some good mines in the neighbourhood ;
18 SE. Lindkoping.
Alun-xauxa, t. Peru, and capital of a jurisdic
tion to which it gives name ; 70 E. Lima. Lon.
75. 48. W. Lat. 11. 45. S. The land is fertile in
grain and fruit, and watered by the river called
Xauxa, on the banks of which are excellent
pastures and meadows, which nourish a great
number of cattle. The commerce is consider
able, from its fertility, its silver mines, the in
dustry of its inhabitants, and its situation, lying
in the road of communication between the
maritime provinces with Cusco, Paz, la Plata,
he. Atuncognar,v. S. America, in the jurisdiction

AVA

104

AUB

of Cuenea, famous for its fertility, and the
treasures supposed to be buried in the earth.
One of the incas is said to have built there a
magnificent temple, whose walls were covered
with gold, which was carried off and hidden ;
and we are told that remains of temples, a pal
ace, and a fortress are yet visible.
Atuncolla, t. Buenos Ayres, in La Paz; 15 N.
Chucuito. Aluntash, t. Natolia ; 18 SSE. Kiutaja.
Aturi, t. Bessarabia ; 22 S. Bender.
Aturum, now Aire.
Alums, now Adour.
Alwaler, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 320.
Alwood's Keys, four or five small islands
among the Bahamas; one of them about 15
miles in length, the others veiy small. Lon.
73. 40. W. Lat. 23. 8, N.
Alzumi, t. Japan, Niphon ; 100 W. Meaco.
Au, t Austria ; 6 N. Gemunden.
Au, t. Bavaria, in Iser, and district of Mos-
burg, on the Abenst ; 12 NW. Mosburg. Pop.
507. Au, t. Bavaria, in Iser, district of Munich, on
the Iser. Pop. 4,974.
Au, or Aubach, r. Ger., which passes by Thur-
nau, and 4 miles below runs into the Maine.
Ava, or Aungioa, t. Asia, and formerly capi
tal of Ava, or Birmah, on the Irrawady; 4
WSW. Ummerapoora, 500 E. Calcutta. Lon. 95.
58. E. Lat. 21. 51. N. It was divided into up
per and lower city, both fortified ; the lower
was about 4 miles in circ, protected by a wall
-30 feet high, with a deep and broad ditch ; an
embankment of earth supports the wall within.
The upper town, which may be called the cita
del, does not exceed a mile in circumferenoe,
and is much stronger and more compact than
the other. The walls are now mouldering to
-deoay, and great part of the timber of which
the houses were built is carried away to found a
new town, called Ummerapoora. Numerous
temples are falling, and the few houses, built
of brick, become the abode of bats. In the
temple of Logathero Praw is still to be seen a
-gigantic image of Godama, of marble. The
height of the idol, from the top of the head to
the pedestal on which it sits, is nearly 24 feet ;
the head is 8 feet in diameter, and across the
breast it measures 10 feet. The Birmans assert
that it is composed of one entire block of mar
ble ; nor can any junction be perceived.
Ava, country, Asia, now forming a part of the
Birman empire. See Birmah.
Ava, see Irrawady.
Am, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 12 NW.
Alanieh. Avuille, t. France, in Vienne ; 15 E. Civray,
18 SSW. Montmorillon.
Aval, or Bahhrein, isl. Persian gulf, the larg
est among the cluster called Bahhrein, famous
for its pearl fishery. It is about 30 miles in
length, and 12 wide. It contains, besides the
town of Bahhrein, which is fortified, about 60
poor villages. Lon. 48. 40. E. Lat. 26. 36. N.
A"«lns, t. Servia ; 12 S. Belgrade.
Avalites now Zeila.
Actiuun, (an. Abailo,) t. France, in Yonne
and principal place of a district, on the Cou
sin ; 23 SSW. Auxerre, 50. S. Troyes. Lon.

4. E. Lat. 47. 29. N. Pop. S,038. It is a town
of considerable trade in grain, wine, and cat
tle ; with a cloth manufactory.
Avanatok, one of the Fox islands ; Lon. 189,
14. E. Lat. 54. 15. N.
Avara, t. Syria ; 4 E. Saide.
Avaray, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 12 NE.
Blois. Auarcavelica, see Guamanga.
Avaricum, now Bourges.
Avarin, see Navarin.
Avaro, t Hind., in Soonda ; 14 NE. Goa.
Avarysville, p-v. Columbia co. Georgia, IV.
609. Avasa, see Abassia.
Avatcha, or Avatscha, s-p. Karatschatka, on N.
side of the harbour of St. Peter-and-Paul, called
Avatcha Bay. Lon. 158. 4. E. Lat. 52. 51. N.
Avavida, t. Brazil, on the river Negro ; 220
W. Fort de Rio Negro.
Avaviri, t. S.A. in La Paz ; 75 W. Caravaya,
76 N. Chucuito.
Aub, t. Bavaria, in Wurzburg, on the Gol-
lach ; 17 S. Wurzburg, 28 NW. Anspach. Lon.
10. 10. E. Lat. 49. 37. N. Pop. 1,120.
Aubagne, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-RhOne ;
9 E. Marseilles, 15 SSE. Aix. Pop. 5,610.
Aubais, t France, in Gard; 3 SE. Sommie-
ries, 10 SW. Nismes. Pop. 1,250.
Aube, (an. Alba, or Aluba,) r. France, which
rises near Auberive, in Upper-Marne, passes by
Ferte sur Aube, Bar sur Aube, Dienville, Arcis,
he. and joins the Seine, 7 below Meryl
Aube, dep. France, bounded N. by Marne,
E. Upper-Marne, S. Yonne and Cote-d'Or, SW.
by Yonne, and NW. by Seine-and-Marne ; a-
bout 55 miles from E. to W. and 48 from N. to
S. It is composed of part of Champagne.
Troyes is the Capital. Pop. 23S,S19. Sq. m.
2,317. Aubel, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, near Dar-
thiem. Fop. 3,070.
Aubel, t. Neth., in Liege, near Darthiem.
Pop. .3,070.
Aubenas, t. France, in Ardeche ; 10 SW.
Privas ; Lon. 4. 30. E. Lat. 44. 37. N. Fop.
3,315. Aubenton, t. France, in Aisne ; 10 E. Ver-
vias, 27 NE. Laon. Pop. 1,100.
Auberg, t. Austria, pn N. side of the Danube,
opposite Lintz.
Auberive, t. France, in Marne, on the Suippe;
15 N. Chalons. Pop. 465.
Auberive, t. France, in Upper-Marne ; 12
SW. Langres.
Auberive, t. France, in Isere ; 5 S. Vienne.
Auberoche, v. France, in Dordogne. ; 6 E.
Peregueux. Aubeterre, t. France, in Charente; 18 SE.
Barbesieu#, 21 S. Angoulesme. Pop. 690.
Aubette, r. France, which runs into the
Seine, near Rouen.
Aubevilliers, t. France, in Somme ; 13 SSE.
Amiens. Aubevilliers, (Les,_) t France ; 3 NNE. Paris.
Anbieres, t. France, in Puy -de-Dome; 3 SE.
Clermont. H. 280.
Aubiers, (Les,) t France, in Two-Sevres; 6
ENE. Chitillon sur Sevres. Pop. 2,200.
Aubiet, t. France, in Gers ; 9 E. Anch.

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105

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Aabignai, t. France, in Indre ; 18 leagues
8W. Bourges. H. 800.
Aubignan, t. France, in Vaucluse -. 5£
leagues NE. Avignon. Pop. 1,320.
Aubigne, t. France, in Sarthe ; 14 La Fleche.
H. 310.
Aubigny, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 8
WNW. St. Pol. Pop. 650.
Aubigny, t. France, and principal place of a
district, in Cher ; 18 NW. Sancerre, 22 N.
Bourges. Lon. 2. 31. E. Lat. 47. 29. N. Pop.
2,533. Aubing, t. Bav., 4 Munich. H. 100.
Auboudange, t. France, in Meurte ; 2 S.
Morhange; 6 NNE. Chateau-Salins.
Aubonne, (an. Ablona,) t. Switz., on a river
of the same name, and capital of a bailiwick in
Vaud; 11 WSW. Lausanne. Lon. 6.13. E.
Lat. 46. 30. N. Pop. 1,200.
Aubstadt, t. Bavaria, in Wurzburg ; 3 NW.
Konigshofen. Pop. 630.
Auburg, t. Han. Diepholz ; 6 E. Diepholz.
Auburn, p-v. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. in
the township of Aurelius, at N. end of Owasco
Lake ; 16 NE. Aurora, 170 W. Albany, W. 385.
Pop. in 1820, 2,025 ; exclusive of 208 prison
ers. It is a pleasant, and very flourishing
village, and contains a bank, a court-house, a
state prison large enough to contain 1,000
prisoners, a county jail, a market house, a
Presbyterian theological seminary, recently es
tablished ; 3 houses of public worship, 1 Pres.,
1 Epis., and 1 Meth. ; 284 dwelling houses, and
in all 375 buildings, including various mills
and manufactories. The trade is extensive,
and 3 weekly newspapers are published.
Auburn, t. Susquehanna co. Pa. Pop. 218.
Auburn, t. Geauga cb. Ohio. Pop. 215.
Auburn, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the Kennet ; 7
E. Marlborough. Pop. 1,280.
Auburn, v. Ireland, in West Meath ; 5 miles
from Athlone. It is the scene of Goldsmith's
charming poem called The Deserted Village.
Aubusson, t. France, chief place of a district,
in Creuse ; 18 SE. Gueret, 42 W. Clermont.
Lon. 2. 15. E. Lat. 45. 58. N. Pop. 3,460.
Auca, t. Balk. 170 SSW. Balk.
Augagurela, t. Africa, in Adel. Lon. 42. 19.
E. Lat. 8. 58. N
Auch, (aa. Augusta Aueiorum,) city, France,
and capital of Gers ; 89 posts S. Paris. Lon.
0. 39 E. Lat. 43. 38. N. Pop. 7,696. Before
the revolution, the capital of Armagnac, and
see of an archbishop, who had the title of Pri
mate of Aquitaine, and was the metropolitan of
all Gascony, with a revenue of 125,000 livres.
The cathedral is esteemed one of the most
beautiful of all France. It stands on a moun
tain near the Gers.
Auchinblay, t. Scotland, in Kincardinshire ;
10 NW. Inverbervie. It has a celebrated mar
ket for black cattle and horses, held weekly
from Michaelmas to Christmas.
Auchterarder, t. Scot, in Perthshire, once a
royal burgh ; 15 SSW. Perth.
Auchtermuchty, t Scot, and a royal burgh, in
Fife ; 3 N. Falkland. Fop. 2,060. Here are
manufactures of linen.
Auchurin, one of the smaller Hebrides, near
E. coast of Hay ; Lon. 5. 57. W. Lat. 55. 46. N.
Vol. I. 14

Auche en Braye, v. France, Lewe'r-Seine; 2
E. Gournay.
Auchy, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 8
leagues SE. Montreuil. Pop. 2,000.
Aude, (an. Aiax,) i. France, which rises in
the Pyrenees, and empties itself into the Medi
terranean, about 10 E. Narbonne.
Aude, dep. France, bounded N. by Tarn and
Herault, E. by the Mediterranean, S. by Eas
tern-Pyrenees, and W. by Ariege and Upper-
Garonne ; 55 m. from E. to W. and 40 from N.
to S. This department is composed of a part
of Languedoc The river Aude crosses it from
SW. to NE. Carcasonne is the capital. Pop.
240,998. Sq. m. 2,550.
Audenes, isl. in the North Sea, about 32 m.
long and 10 broad ; 40 m. from the coast of
Norway. Lat. 69. 12. N.
Audenge, t. France, in Gironde ; 7 leagues
SSW. Bourdeaux. Pop. 800.
Audifier, t. Scot, in Inverness. 9 NE. In
verness. Audierne, t. France, in Finisterre, in a bay of
the English Channel, to which it gives name ;
16 W. Quimper. Lon. 4. 27. W. Lat. 48. 3.
N. Pop. 935.
Audincourt, t France, in Upper-Rhine ; 4
ESE. Montbeliard.
Audincourt, v. Switz., in Berne. Pop. 535.
Audrieu, or Andrieu, t. France, in Calvados ;
9 W.Caen. Pop. 1,000.
Audruick, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 10
NW. St. Omer. Pop. 2,032.
Audun le Roman, t. France, in Moselle ; 10
W. Thionville.
Audus, or Arasius Mons, see Jibbel Auress.
Aue, r. Ger., which runs into the Weser, 3 S.
Nienburg. Aue, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, on the Mul-
da ; 10 SE. Zwickau, 17 S. Chemnitz. Lon.
12. 40. E. Lat. 50. 34. N. Pop. 780.
Aue, r. Lower Saxony, which runs into the
Fuhse, 2 SSE. Zell.
Aue, r. which rises in several branches in
Calenberg, and runs into theLeche, near Neus-
tadt am Rubenberg.
Ave, r. Portugal, which runs into the sea,
near Villa de Conde, in Entre-Duero-e-Minho.
Avebury, see Abury.
Aveczia, or Avzia, see Ampedes.
Avegos, t. Portugal, Beira ; 16 SW. Lamego.
Avehen, t. Mexico, in Chiametlan ; 20 SSE.
Chiametlan. Avein, t. Netherlands ; 6 N. Rochefort.
Aveiras de Baixas, t. Portugal, in Estramadu
ra ; 15 SSW. Santarem.
Aveiras de Cima, t Portugal, in Estramadu
ra ; 12 SW. Santarem.
Aveiro, or Braganga Nova, s-p. Portugal, in
Beira, situated in a small gulf at the mouth of
the Vouga ; 33 S. Oporto, 116 N. Lisbon. Lon.
8. 39. W. Lat. 40. 38 N. Pop. 4,400. The har
bour is only fit for vessels of moderate size.
The chief trade is salt, of which great quantities '
are made in the environs.
Aveiron, r. France, which runs into the Tarn,
11 miles below Montauban.
Aveiron, dep. France, bounded N. by Cantal,
E. by Lozere and Gard, S. by Tarn, W. by
Lot ; about 65 miles in length, and 45 in

AUE

106

AUG

breadth ; composed of that province which,
before the revolution, was called Rouergue.
Rhodez is the capital. Pop. 331,373. Protest
ants about 30,000. Sq. m. 3,533.
Avelghcm, t. Neth., in E. Flanders, district of
Cortryk. Pop. 3,785.
Avelim, t. Hind., in Soonda; 14 S. Goa.
Avella', t. Naples, in Lavora ; 15 E. Naples.
Pop. 5,038. It is built in a delightful situation,
commanding a view as far as Naples. The
town and castle give name to a family descend
ed from the ancient dukes of Austria. Not
far from it are the ruins of Abella, celebrated
by Virgil for its honey or apples, as it is various
ly written Abella? Maliferae ; or Melliferse ; and
the environs of the present Avella produce"both
apples and honey, excellent and abundant.
Avellino, (an. Abellinum) t. Naples capital
of the Principato Ultra ; 12 S. Benevento, 25
E. Naples. Lon. 14. 39. E. Lat. 40. 54. N,
Pop. 11,292. Bp. see. The chief manufactures
are the dye of cloth, and maccaroni. The coun
try in the vicinity is fruitful, and abounds with
hazel-nuts, which form a chief article of
trade. Aven, r. Scot, which runs into the Forth,
near Inverkeithing.
Avenay, t. France, in Marne, on the Marne ;
4 NE. Epernay, 15 WNW. Chalons sur Marne.
Pop., 100.
Avenches, or Wifftisburg, fan. Avenlicum), t
Switz., in Vaud, on S. extremity of lake Mora,
anciently the capital of theHelvetii; 2NW.
Friburg, 18 SW. Berne. Lon. 6. 51. E. Lat.
46. 55. N. Pop. 1,587. Its former grandeur
may be judged of from the many ruins and
the antiquities which have been discovered.
Avenio, now Avignon.
Auer, r. Lithuania, which runs into the Pre-
gel, 12 W. Insterburg.
Auerbaeh, t. Saxony, in the Vogtland ; 14 S.
Zwickau, 60 WSW, Dresden. Lon. 12. 25. E.
Lat. 50. 28. N. Pop. 1,700.
Auerbaeh, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Lower-Danube, and district of Eschenbach.
Pop. 1,340.
Auerbaeh, t. Hesse Darmstadt, in the district
of Zwingenberg. Pop. 1,111.
Averno, (an. Avernus,) sulphurous lake, Na
ples, in Lavora, near Puzzuoli, about 2 miles
in length, and 188 feet deep.
Averdi, (L'J inlet of the Pacific Ocean, near
N. coast of Bougainville's Island. Lon. 154. 49.
E. Lat. 5. 31. S.
Averill, t. Essex co. Vt ; 63 NE. Montpelier.
Pop. 9.
Averon, isl. in the North Sea, near the coast
of Norway. Lat. 63. 6. N.
.Ivernakde, isl. Denmark, near S. coast of
Fyen, about 4 miles long, and at each end a
mile broad, but much narrower in the centre.
Lon. 10. 18. E. Lat. 55. 2. N.
Aversa, (an. Alella,) t. Naples, in Lavora ; 8
- E- Capua, 10 N.Naples. Lon. 14. 1. E. Lat. 41.
N. Pop. 13,S0fi. It is the see of a bishop.
Aversberg, t. Carniola, 11 NE. Cirknitz.
Auersladt, t. Pru. Merseburg, 22 NE. Erfurt.
Pop. 500. Near this village a battle was fought
Oct. 14, 1S00, between Bonaparte and the
Prussians-.

Averlo, small isl. in the Gulf of Venice, near
the coast of Friuli. Lon. 13. 32. E. Lat. 45.
46. N.
Avery, p-t. Huron co. Ohio ; W. 409.
Averysborough, p-t. Cumberland co. N. C. on
Cape Fear river ; 25 N. Fayetteville, 35 S.
Raleigh, W, 322. Lon. 78. 55. W. Lat. 35. 18.N.
Aves, see Bird Islands.
Avesa, r. Italy, which runs into the Adriatic,
near Rimini.
Avesh, or Os, t. Turkestan, near the Sir ; 80
. SSE. Andegan.
Avesne, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 9 W.
Arras. Avesnes, strong t. France, in North, and prin
cipal place of a district ; 7 posts E. Cambray,
241 NNE. Paris. Lon. 4. E. Lat. 50. 7. N.
Pop. 2,935. It is situated on the Hespre. The
fortifications were repaired by Vauban.
Avesladt, see Afwesladt.
Aufena, now Ofena.
Auffses, r. Franconia, which passes by Ko-
nigsfeld, and runs into the Wisert.
Auffses, t. Bav., 3 SW. Holfeld.
Aufidena, now Alfidena.
Aufidus, now Ofanto.
Avezzano, t. Naples, Abruzzo Ultra ; 6 SW,
Celano, 18 S. Aquila. Lon. 13. 32. E. Lat. 41.
58. N. Pop. 2,700.
Aufedo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 21
WSW. Aquila.
Auffay, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 18 N.
Rouen. Pop. 1,148.
Aufkirch, t. Bav., in the circle of Rezat, on
the Wernitz ; 13 N. Nordlingen. H. 94.
Auge, r. France, which runs into the Aube,
near Anglure, in Maine.
Aufnay, isl. in the lake of Zurich ; it is small,
but has 2 churches.
Augela, or Augila, or Mgila, t. Africa, and
capital of a district, in Tripoli ; 400 ENE.
Mourzouk, 460 W. Cairo. Lon. 22. 25. E. Lat.
29. 35. N. This is an ancient town, being
mentioned by Herodotus, by the same name.
It is about a mile in circ, ill built, the streets
narrow and dirty, the houses of only one story,
and without any light, except from the door.
The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the
caravan traffic The territory is abundant in
dates. Augher, v. Ireland, Tyrone ; 4 NE. Clogher.
Augicourt, t France, in Upper-Saone ; 13
NW. Vesouil.
Au- Glaize, i . Ohio, which runs NNW. into
the Maumee, at Fort Defiance.
Auglaize, t. Wood co. Ohio. Pop. 216.
Augoxas, small isl. Africa, on the coast of
Mozambique. Augsburg, or Ausburg, (an. Augusta Vinieli-
corum,) city, Bavaria, capital of the circle of
the Upper-Danube, in a fertile and delightful
countiy, between the Lech and Wertach, which
unite not far from it; 35 NW. Munich. Lon. 10.
55. E. Lat. 48. 22. N. Pop. 28,902 ; Catb.
16,842, Luth. 12,060. H. 3,669. Bp. see. It
stands on the side of a hill, called Rosenaubevg,
is a mile long, irregularly built, with narrow
streets, surrounded with walls, with 4 principal
gates and 6 smaller ones. It contains a cathe
dral, 6 catholic churches, 6 Lutheran churches,

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AVI

8 monasteries, an academy, a gymnasium, a
polytechnic school, and a public library of
29,000 volumes. It is distinguished ¦ as a
trading town, being one of the most con
siderable in Germany ; and through its agents
and bankers, is the medium of commercial
transactions between other countries, the ex
change between Vienna and the rest of Germa
ny being generally calculated with a reference
to~this city. It is a central depositary of the
Neckar, Tyrolese, Italian, aud Greek wines.
Bookselling and publishing is an important
branch of business. It has various manufactures
in silver, cotton, wire, looking-glasses, tobacco,
engraving, &c — It was formerly the capital of
the circle of Swabia, and more populous than
at present. The streets are larger, longer, and
more airy, than those of Nuremberg, Francfort,
Coblentz, Cologne, he., but more thinly inhab
ited. The fortifications are not of much account.
Augsburg will ever be famous on account of
the Confession of Faith presented here by Lu
ther and Melancthon, in 1530, to the emperor
Charles V. and the princes of the empire ; the
publication of the well known interim in 1548;
¦and the conclusion of the peace of religion in
1555. The territories of the late bishopric of Augs-
burgh, which lie scattered between the rivers
Lech, Her, and Danube, were among the in
demnities given to the elector of Bavaria, as
agreed on at the peace of Luneville. Pop.
86,000. Sq. m. 1,012.
Augst, (an. Augusta Rauracorum,) v. Switz.,
in Aargau, near the Rhine ; 6 miles below B&le.
It was once a celebrated city.
Augusta, t. Upper-Canada, N. the St. Law
rence ; 80 NE. Kingston.
Augusta, p-t. and cap. Kennebeck co. Maine,
on W. bank of the Kennebeck ; 2 N. Hallowell,
56 NNE. Portland, 168 NE. Boston, W. 612.
Pop. in 1810, 1,805; in 1820, 2,457. It is a
pleasant town, and contains a court-house, a
jail, a female academy, a Congregational meet
ing house, a printing office, a bank, and has
considerable trade. Here is an elegant bridge
across the Kennebeck, consisting of 2 arches,
each 180 feet. The river is navigable to this
place for vessels of 100 tons.
Augusta, t. Saratoga co. N. Y., formed in 1817
from a part of Halfmoon.
Augusla,p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 12 SW. Utica,
W. 409. Pop. in 1810, 2,004 ; in 1820, 2,771.
Augusta, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. W. 224.
Augusta, t. Northumberland co. Pa., on E.
side of the Susquehanna. Pop. 2,075.
Augusla, co. central part of Va. ; bounded
NE. by Rockingham co., SE. by Albemarle and
Amherst cos., SW. by Rockbridge co., andNW.
by Bath and Pendleton cos. Pop. in 1810,
14,308 ; slaves, 2,880. Pop. in 1820, 16,742.
Chief town, Staunton.
Augusta, p-t. and cap. Bracken co. Kentucky,
on the Ohio ; 22 miles below Maysville ; 60 NE.
Lexington, W. 510. Pop. in 1810, 255. It is a
very pleasant town, and contains a court-house,
a jail, an academy, and a meeting-house.
Augusta, city and cap. Richmond co. Georgia,
on the Savannah ;. 73 SW. Columbia, 87 ENE.
Milledgeville, 123 NNW, Savannah, 138 WNW;

Charleston, W. 589. Lon.80.46.W. Lat. 33. 19.N
Pop. in 1810, 2,476 ; in 1820, upwards of 4,000
It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house,-
an academy, an insurance office, 3 banks, one
of which is a branch of the U. S. bank, and 4
houses of public worship ; 1 for Presbyterians,
1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Methodists, and 1
for Episcopalians. It is regularly laid out and
handsomely built, mostly of brick. Several of
the public buildings, and many of the private
houses are spacious and elegant. It is a very
flourishing commercial town, and probably has
more trade, than any other place of its size in
the United States. Immense quantities of cot
ton, considerable tobacco, and some other kinds
of produce are brought to Augusta from the
back countiy, and conveyed in boats down the
river to Savannah.
Augusta, t Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 533.
Augusla, see Agosta.
Augusta, r. Cuba, which runs into the Spanish
Main, Lon. 75. 50. W. Lat. 20. 10. N.
Augusta Auciorum, now Auch.
Augusta Eremila, now Merida.
Augusta Pratoria, now Aosta.
Augusta Suessionum, now Soissons.
Augusla Taurinorum, now Turin.
Augusta Treverorum, now Treves.
Augusta Tricastinorum, now St. 'Paul Trois
Chateaux. Augusta Vagiennorum, now Vico.
Augusta Veromanduorum, now St. Quentin.
Augusla Vindelicorum, now Augsburg.
Augustamnica, ancient pr. N. part Egypt.
Augustana, t. Croatia ; 21 S. Agram.
Auguslenburg, t, Denmark, in Sleswick ; 6 E.
Sonderborg. Pop. 500.
Auguslenburg, t. Ger., in Schwartzburg ; 3 E,
Arnstadt. Augustobona, now Troyes.
Augustobriga, now Aldea el Muro.
Augustodunum, now Aulun.
Augustomagus, now Senlis.
Augustonemelum, now Clermont.
Augustow, t. Poland, capital of a province of
the same name; 56 NNW. Bielsk, 100 NE.
Warsaw. Lon. 22. 59. E. Lat. 53. 50. N. Pop.
1,987. H. 304.
Augustusburg, citadel, Saxony, in Erzgebirg ;
7 E. Chemnitz.
Augustusbrun, t. Saxony, in Meissen, near
Radeberg. Auhaff, t. Austria ; 6 SSW. Ips.
Auhausen, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Rezat, on the Wernitz. Pop. 850. The ' Evan
gelical Union' was concluded here in 1608.
Auhr, t. Prussia ; 5 SW. Liebmuhl.
Aujan, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 22 S. Tabris.
Aviano, t. Friuli ; 15 ESE. Belluno.
Aviceo, t. Peru, in the audience of Lima ; 50
NW. Leon de Guanuco.
Avido, t. A. Turkey, on the coast of the Hel
lespont, with a castle to defend the strait ; 17
SW. Lampsaki. Lon. 26. 28. E. Lat. 40. 7. N.
Aujest, t. Bohemia, in Clirudim ; 5 N. Politza.
Aujest, t. Bohemia, Leitmeritz ; 24 N. Prague.
Aujestiz, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 5 W. Leit«
meritz. Avigliano, t. Naples, in Otranto ; 7 E. Otranto
Pop. 3,418. .

AUK

108

AUN

Avigliano, t. Piedmont, in the marquisate of
Susa; 11 W. Turin, 12 ESE. Susa. Pop. 2,877.
It is situated on a hill, near the Cottian Alps,
in an open and exposed situation. The air is
Wholesome, and the land about it fertile ; the
town is fortified and defended with a castle. It
contains 3 parish churches and several religious
houses. Aviglione, t. Naples, in the Basilicata ; 13 W.
Oppido. Avignon, (an. Avenio,) city, France, cap.
Vaucluse, on E. side of the Rhone ; 31 posts
WNW. Nice, S6 S. Paris. Lon. 4. 43. E. Lat.
43. 57. N. Pop. 23,211. H. 2,800. Bp. see. It
is a large and beautiful city, has narrow streets,
but contains elegant churches, and other public
buildings. It has extensive manufactures of silk
stuffs, oil of vitriol, and aquafortis, with several
printing establishments and copper works. Its
trade consists in wine, brandy, oil, corn, wool,
and fruits. It contains a museum, a lyceum, and
a library of 30,000 volumes. The church of the
Franciscans incloses the tomb of Laura, im
mortalized by Petrarch. Avignon was the
residence of several popes successively from
1307 to 1377. This period is styled by some
catholic writers ' the Babylonish captivity of
the Holy See.' — Before the French revolution
it belonged to the pope. — Natives, Laura and
Folard. Avignonet, t. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 20
SE. Toulouse. Pop. 1,761.
Avila, t. Spain, in Old Castile, capital of a
province of the same name, on the Adaja, in a
large plain ; 50 NW. Madrid, 54 SE. Salamanca.
Lon. 5. W. Lat. 40. 45. N. Pop. 4,200. Bp. see.
It is surrounded with mountains, and plantations
of fruit trees and vines. The cloths made here
are supposed to equal those of Segovia. The
walls are flanked with towers. It contains 8
churches, 16 cloisters, 5 hospitals, a university,
and a military academy. The province contains
"118,061 inhabitants.
Avila, t. Quito ; 35 NE. Archidona. Lon. 76.
25. W. Lat. 0. 44. S. Pop. 300.
Avila, or Aviles, t. Spain, in Asturia, near the
bay of Biscay ; 15 N. Oviedo. Pop. 2,300.
Avila Fuente, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 18
Segovia. Avin, t Hind., in Coimbetore; 24 NE. Co-
imbetore. Anno, t. N. America, in New-Galicia, where
the Spaniards have a silver mine, between
Durango and Ellerena.
Avioth, t. France, in Meuse ; 3 N. Montmedy.
Aviora, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 60 NE.
Tocat Avire, t. France, Mayenne ; 18 NW. Angers.
Pop. 1,000.
Avis, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, the chief place
of the Knights of the order of Avis, to which it
gives name ; 9 NW. Estremon. Pop. 1,500.
Avisch, r. Bohemia, which runs into the Mul-
daw, near its source.
Avise, t. Piedmont, on the Grand Doria; 8
W. Aosta.
Aviso, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 6 E. Sora.
Anise, t. France, in Gard ; 18 S. Reims.
Aukhend, t. Persia, near the Kizzil Ozan.
Ajtktand Bishop, or Bishop's Auldand, t. Eng.,

in Durham, near the rivers Wear and Gaunlesj;
10 SSW. Durham, 251 N. London. Lon. 1.42,
Lat. 54. 46. N. Pop. 1,807. It takes its name
from a palace belonging to the Bishop of Dur
ham, who is the lord of the manor. A calico
and muslin manufactory has lately been estab
lished here. The market is on Thursday.
Aula, or Avola, t. Sicily, in the valley of
Noto ; 3 NE. Noto.
Aula, (Lower,) v. Hesse Cassel, in Fulda,
near the influx of the Wahl into the Fulda.
Pop. 500. Upper-Aula is near the sources of
the Wahl. Pop. 600.
Aulaca, t. S. coast of the island or Imbro.
Aulaine, t. France, in Sarthe ; 5 leagues from
Le Mans. Pop. 1,000.
Aulas, t. France, in Gard ; 2 NW. La Vigan,
Pop. 940.
Aulapaladurgan, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 15 SW.
Dalmacherry. Auleesler, see Alcester.
Auldearn, t. Scot, and burgh of a barony, in
Nairn ; 3 SE. Nairn. Near this place Montrose
was attacked by Gen. Urrey, at the head of
4,000 Covenanters, but he drove them of the
field, and obtained a complete victory.
Aulendorf t Wurtemberg, in a barony be
longing to a branch of the house of Konigsegg,
on the Schus; 8 N. Ravenspurg. Lon. 9. 40. E,
Lat. 47. 56. N. Pop. 852.— Pop. of the barony
of Konigsegg- Aulendorf, 3,062.
Auletta, t. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 4
WSW. Cangiano, 32 SE. Salerno. Lon. 15. 26,
E. Lat. 40. 29. N.
Aulick, t. Pru. Merseburg; 6 N. Zeitz.
Aulis, now Megalo-Vathi.
Aullagas, lake, Peru, about 50 miles long, and
8 broad, which communicates with lake Titi- -
caca by means of a river, whose course is about
120 miles SE. ; 70 W. La Plata.
Aullene, t. Corsica ; 4 N. Tallano.
Aulnay, t. France, Calvados ; 43 SW. Caen:
Pop. 1,820.
Aulon, or Avlona, see Valona.
Avlona, fertile plains of Palestine, through
which the Jordan passes into the Dead Sea.
Aulps, or Aups, t. France, in Var; 10 NE.
Barjols ; 25 WNW. Frejus. Pop. 2,949.
Aull, t. France, in Somme ; 15 W. Abbeville.
Aum Saib, t. Arabian Irak ; 15 W. Sura.
Auma, t. Weimar, in Neustadt ; 44 SSW.
Leipsick, 6 ESE. Neustadt. Lon. 11. 53. E.
Lat. 50. 38. N. Pop. 1,200.
Auma Wenigen, t. Weimar ; 3 SE. Auma.
Aumale, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 20 SW.
Dieppe, 32 NE. Rouen. Lon. 1. 48. E. Lat.
49. 46. N. Pop. 1,715.
Aumonan, t on N. coast of Lucon. Lon. 122.
24. E. Lat. 14. 22. N.
Aumont, t. France, Lozere ; 15 NW. Mende.
Aumootina, t. Hind., in Mysore; 17 WSW.
Periapatam. Aumore, small circar or province, Bengal,
between Rajemal and Raujeshy.
Aumore, t. Bengal, and chief town of a circar
of the same name ; 25 S. Rajemal, 36 NNW.
Moorshedahad. Lon. 87. 56. E. Lat. 24. 37. N.
Ann, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 130 SSE. Za-
reng. Aunay, t. Fren.ee, Nyevre ; 9 N. Moulins.

AUP

109

AUR

Aunay, t. France, in Lower-Charente ; 8 NE.
St. Jean d'Angcly.
Aundar-, t. Hind., in Bahar; 30 NW. Chuprah.
Lon. 84. 4. E. Lat. 26.5. N.
Aune, r. Eng., which runs into the sea near
Plymouth. Auneau, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 12 E.
Chartres. Pop. 1,348.
Aunhost, see Unhosl.
Auneuil, t. France, in Oise ; 5 SSW. Beauvais.
Pop. 1,080.
Aunis, country, France ; before the revolu
tion bounded E. and S. by Saintonge, of which
it was formerly a part, W. by the sea, and N.
by Poitou, and comprehends the isles of R6 and
Oleron ; the land is fertile, and produces great
quantities of corn and wine. It is now the de
partment of Lower-Charente.
Auntao, t. Chili, on the coast ; 200 S. Valdi-
via. Lat. 42. 50. S.
Avogli, t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 50 SE. Tabris.
Avoise, t. France, in Sarte ; 12 La Fleche.
Aunoe, small isl. Denmark, near SW. coast of
Zealand. Lon. 11. 46. E. Lat. 55. 5. N.
Avon, t. Somerset co. Maine ; 35 NW. Nor-
ridgewock, 210 NNE. Boston. Pop. in 1810,
304 ; in 1820, 450.
Avon, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y., on E. side of
the Genesee ; 21 W. Canandaigua, W. 366. Pop.
1,933. Aeon, r. Scot, which runs into the Dee, near
Banchoiyteinan, in Kincardineshire.
Avon, (an. Alaunus,) r. Eng., which rises in
Wiltshire, and runs S. into the English Channel,
at Christ Church Bay.
Avon, r. Nova Scotia, which runs into the
sea, E. Halifax.
Avon, r. Scot, which runs into the Clyde,
near Hamilton, in Lanerkshire.
Avon, or Avonvaur, r. N. Wales, which rises
near Bala, and joining the Mawdock, near
Dolgelly, runs with it> into the Irish Sea, at
Barmouth. Avon, t. S. Wales, which runs into the Bristol
Channel, 6 S. Neath, in Glamorganshire.
Avon, (Little,) r. Eng., which runs into the
Severn, near Berkley, in Gloucestershire.
Avon, (Lower,) r. Eng., which rises near
Wotton-Basset, passes by Chippenham to Bath,
where it becomes navigable for barges of fifty
tons to Bristol, and thence to join the Severn,
at Kingroad.
Avon, (Upper,) r. Eng., which rises in Nor
thamptonshire, passes through Staffordshire and
Worcestershire, and joins the Severn, at
Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire.
Avostola, r. Piedmont, which runs into the
Cervo, 2£ W. Buronze.
Avoyelles, i. Louisiana, which branches off
from Red River, and after a course of about 25
miles, enters the same river again. Lon. 91.
50. W. Lat. 31. 21. N.
Avoyelles, or Avoyales, parish, Louisiana, S.
of Red river. Fop. 2,245.
Avoyelles, p-t. Avoyelles parish, Louisiana,
about 56 m. from the Mississippi. W. 1,336.
Aupach, r. Bohemia, which runs into the
Eger, near Carlsbad.
Aupitsbach, r. Thuringia, which runs into the
Grnmbach, 6 E. Weissenfels.
.'lups, see Aulps.

Auquild, t Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 22 E.
Purification. Aurach, r. Franconia, which runs info the
Rednitz, 3 S. Erlang.
Aurach, t. Wurt. ; 9 ENE. Wurzach.
Aurach, t. Bav., on the Hie ; 3 SW. Bamberg.
Aurach, t. Bav. ; 4 SW. Kissengen.
Aurach, t. Bav. ; 3 W. Herrieden. Pop. 500.
Aurach, Burlholomes, t. Bav. ; 6 S. Schwabach.
Aurach, (Frauen,) t. Bav., on the Aurach ; 2
SSW. Erlangen.
Aurach, (Roth,) t. Bav. ; 5 S. Schwabach.
Aurach, (Veils,) t Bav. ; 6 "SW. Schwabach.
Aurainville, t France, in Meurte ; 6 N. Toul.
Auran, t. Syria ; 60 S. Damascus.
Avranches, (an. Ingena, Abrincalie, Arborinca,
and Legedia,) city, France, and principal town
of a district, in Channel, situated on a moun
tain, near the river See ; 19 posts S. Cherburg,
37 J W. Paris. Lon. 1.17. W. Lat. 48. 41. N.
Pop. 5,413. Before the revolution, it was a Bp.
see ; besides the catheral, it has 3 parishes, a
public school, and a hospital. The celebrated
Huet was bishop of Avranches.
Auras, t Silesia, in Breslau, near the Oder ;
12 NW. Breslau. Lon. 16. 20. E. Lat. 51. 13. N.
Pop. 692.
Away, s-p. France, in dep. and on the gulf of
Morbihan, and principal place of a district, at
the mouth of a river of the same name ; 10 W.
Valines. Lon. 2. 53. W. Lat. 47. 44. N. Pop.
3,210. Ill 1364, a battle was fought near this
place between the Count de Montfort and
Charles de Blois, in which the former obtained
a complete victory.
. Auray, r. France, which runs into English.
Channel, Lon. 2. 50. W. Lat. 47. 34. N.
Aurbach, t. Bav. ; 30 NE. Nuremberg.
Aurbach, l. Germany, which rises 4 S. Ha-
chenburg, in Sayn, and runs into the Lahn, 2.
miles above Nassau.
Aurburg, t. and castle, Bav. ; 4 N. Kuffstein.
Aure, r. France, which runs into the Eure,
near Anet.
Aurcc, t. France, in Upper-Loire ; 9 SW. St.
Etienne, 4 N. Monistrol. Pop. 2,104.
Aurelia, now Orleans.
Aurelius, p-t. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y., on
E. side Cavuga.lake ; 175 W. Albany, W. 3S5.
Pop, in 1810, 4,642; in 1820, 7,923. It contains
3 post villages, Auburn, Cayuga, and Union
Springs, and has an academy. Auburn is the
seat of justice for the county. This is a wealthy
and flourishing town.
Auress, see Jibbel Auress.
Aurette, r. France, which runs into the Eure,
near Bourges.
Auria, small isl. in the Gulf of Engia ; 13
WSW. Coluri.
Auriae, t. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 17 SE.
Toulouse, 18 WSW. Castres. Pop. 1,545.
Aurich. t. Hanover, capital of E. Friesland ;
12 NE. Emden. Lon. 7. 27. E. Lat. 53. 28. N."
Pop. 2,533. It has an elegant castle, formerly
the residence of the princes of the countiy. A
canal with 3 locks was opened, in 1799, between
this place and Emden .
Auriga, t. Italy, in the Valteline ; 21 SSW.
Bormio. Aurignac, t. France, Upper-Garonne ; 10 NE.
St. Gaudens, 33 SW. Toulouse. Pop 1,230.

AUR.

110

AUS

.Aurigny, small isl. in the English Channel,
belonging to France, about 20 N. Jersey, 7 W.
Cape La Hogue. Lon. 2. 9. E. Lat. 49. 43. N.
Aurillac\t. France, cap. of Cantal ; 65 posts S.
Paris. Lon. 2. 31. E. Lat. 44. 55. N. Pop. 10,332.
Before the revolution, the capital of Lower Au-
vergne. It is situated in a fertile valley, on the
Jordane, and has considerable trade and manu
factures. Avrille, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 3 N.
Angers. Auriol, t. France, in Moufhs-of-theJRh6ne ;
12 SE. Aix, 12 NNE. Marseilles. Pop.. 3,672.
Auriol's Island, one of the Aladin islands,
about 12 miles in circ. Lat. 9. 22. N.
Auripa, t. N. Finland ; 62 SSE.Biorneborg.
Aurith, or Uhrt, t. Pru., on the Oder ; 6 S.
Frankfort. Auroir, t France, Cher; 7 NW. Sancoins.
Awolzmunster, t. Lower Austria, in the circle
of the Inn; 16 S. Passau. Pop. 1,113.
Avron, r. France, which runs into the Eure,
near Bourges.
Auronza, t. Italy, Cadorin ; 7 N. Cadora.
Aurora, p-v. in Scipio, N. Y., on E. side of the
Cayuga Lake ; 16 SW. Auburn, W. 378. It is
a pleasant and flourishing village, and has an
academy. Aurora, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. ; 16 SE. Buf
falo, 275 W. Albany, W. 396. Pop. 1,285. The
township is pleasantly situated, well watered,
and contains remains of 2 ancient forts.
Aurora, p-t. Portage co. Ohio; W. 347. Pop.
549. Aurora Island, isl. among the New-Hebrides,
in S. Pacific Ocean, about 12 miles in circ. It
affords plenty of fresh water and wood ; and
there is a small bay on NW. coast. Lon. 168.
12. E. Lat. 15. 8. S.
Auros, t France, Gironde ; 5 NE. Bazas.
Aurous, t. France, Lozere ; 17 N. Mende.
Aurumoor, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad; IS N.
Lidelovoy. Aurung, t. Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 15 E. Ray-
pour. Aururigabad, or Ghurka, one of the largest and
most populous cities of India, and capital of a
subah of the same name, in Deccan ; 515 S.
Lucknow, 545 S. Delhi. Lon. 76. 2. E. Lat.
19. 45. N. It is situated in a plain, almost sur
rounded with mountains ; and owes the great
est part of its grandeur and magnificence to
Aurungzebe, who made it his place of resi
dence, and surrounded it with walls and bas
tions, changing its name, which was Kitki, to
the present. He built also a grand palace,
likewise surrounded with walls and gates of en
trance.. The city is much fallen from its an
cient grandeur, but the population, although
much reduced, is still numerous. In the bazar,
which is very extensive, various kinds of com
modities, European and Indian, particularly
silks and shawls are exposed for sale. The
countiy about produces millet, wheat, and
other provisions, but not sufficient for the im
mense number of inhabitants.
Aurungabad, circar, Hind., in the Deccan,
bounded N. by Candeish, E. by the circar of
Ellichpour, S. by the Godavery, and W. by
Bagiana.

Autungabunder, branch of the Indus, which
divides from it near the town of Aurungabun-
der, and runs into the sea, Lon. 67. 12. E,
Lat. 23. 50. N.
Aurungabunder, t. Hind., in Tatta,. on the
Indus ; 35 S. Tatta.
Aurungpour, t. Bengal; 16 SSW. Silhet.
Aury, t. Hind., Oude ; 14 NW. Bahraitch.
Ausche, I. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 8 ENE.
Leitmeritz. Lon. 14.25. E. Lat. 50. 33. N. Pop.
1,200. Aush, t. Turkestan ; 70 E. Toncat
Auskerry, one of the small Orkney islands;
2 N. Stronsa. Lat 58. 54. N.
Ausonia, one of the ancient names of Italy.
Auspitz, t. Moravia, in Brunn ; 42 SSW. 01-
mutz, 114 SE. Prague. Lon. 16. 40. E. Lat.
48.54. N. Pop. 2,215. '
Auspour, t. Hind., in Oudipour ; 45 S. Assa-
wully. Ausquitla, see Pulo Niamo.
Aussee, t. Stiria ; 48 WNW. Judenburg. Pop.
1,068. Aussee, t. Moravia, in Olmutz; 12 NNW.
Olmutz. Lon. 16. 53. E. Lat. 49. 43. N. Pop.
1,208. Aussergefeld, t. Bohemia, in Prachatitz ; 6 W.
Winterberg. Aussig, or Austi, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz,
on the Elbe; 10 NW. Leitmeritz. Lon. 14. 5.
E. Lat. 50. 40. N. Pop. 1,010. In the neigh
bourhood is made a red wine called Podskals-
ky, sweet and strong, but usually foul; and it
wiil seldom keep a year.
Aussonne, see Auxona.
Aust, v. Eng., in Gloucester ; 6 S. Chepstow,
12 N. Bristol. Pop. 174. It is on the left side.
of the Severn, whence is a passage boat or
feny to the opposite shore in Gloucestershire,
and thence across the Wye to Chepstow, in
Mommouthshire. Aust, anciently Aust Clive,
situated on a craggy and high cliff, has long
been celebrated for the passage into Wales.
Aust, r. Austria, composed of two streams,
called the Feld Aust, and the Wald Aust, which
rise on the borders of Bohemia, and unite near
Schwertberg. It afterwards runs into the Dan
ube, 2 m. below Mauthausen.
Austebara, t. Bengal ; 23 ESE. Ramgur.
Austenville, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Auslerlilz, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y., about 20
E. by N. Hudson, W. 315. Pop. 1,164.
Auslerlilz, or Slawkow, t. Moravia, in Brunn ;
12 ESE. Brunn, 1 12 ESE.Frague. Lon. 16. 45.
E. Lat. 49.8. N. Pop. 2,061. In the 17th cen
tury, this town was almost destroyed by the
Swedes. In 1805, a battle was fought near
Austerlitz, between the French, commanded by
the Emperor Napoleon, and the united forces
of Austria and Russia, both whose emperors
were present. The French were victorious,
and the loss of the allies (chiefly the Russians
suflered) is said, by the French account, to
have amounted to 22,000 killed and wounded,
and 20,000 prisoners. But the whole loss of
the Russians in the campaign, was stated, at
Petersburg, at no more than 17,000. 100 pieces
of cannon, and 45 standards, fell into the hands
of the French.
Austevold, small isl. in the North Sea, near
the coast of Norway. Lat. 60. 2, N.

AUS

111

AUS

Ausii, t. Bohemia, in Chruditn, near Lands-
krow. H. 260.
Auslinburg, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand
river; 8 W. Jefferson, W. 362. Pop. 445.
Austinstown, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 720.
Auslinscille, p-t. Wythe co. Va. on the Ken-
hawa ; 16 N. Greensville, W. 360.
Austintown, p-t. Warren co. Ohio ; W. 296.
Austin's Creek, r. Georgia, which runs into
Savannah, about 12 NW. Savannah.
Australasia, in modern geography the 5th
great division of the globe. It includes numer
ous islands lying SE. of Asia; viz. New Hol
land, Papua, or New Guinea, New Britain,
New Ireland, New Caledonia, New Zealand,
and Van Diemen's Land, with the islands of
Solomon, Arroo, the New Hebrides, and all
other islands lying between Lon. 95. and 185.
E. Lat. 3. N. and 50. S.
Australia del Espiritu Santo, see Terra Aus
tralia del Espiritu Santo.
Austria, Circle of, the largest of the 10 cir
cles into which the German empire was divid
ed ; bounded N. by Swabia, Bavaria, Bohemia,
and Moravia, E. by Hungary, S. by the duchy
and gulf of Venice, and W.by Switzerland and
Bavaria ; comprehending Austria Proper, Stiria,
Carinthia, Carniola, part of Friuli and the Lit-
orale, Tyrol, Voralberg, certain districts in
Swabia, Brixen and Trent. Salzburg and part
of Passau have been included since 1802. Pop.
4,442,700. Sq. m. 49,940. '
Austria, Acrhduchy of, included in the above
circle, bounded N. by Bohemia and Moravia,
E. by Hungary, S. by Stiria, and W. by Salz
burg and Bavaria. Pop. 1,665,862. Sq. miles
12,300. It is divided by the Ens into two parts,
formerly called Upper and Lower Austria ; now
two provinces, styled Land above the Ens, and
Land below the Ens, and to the former Salzburg
is annexed, making the whole population
1,S04,225. Sq. m. 15,016. Vienna is the capi
tal of the Lower province, and Lintz of the
Upper. The whole countiy has also been term
ed Lower Austria, in distinction from Tyrol, Sic
styled Upper Austria. See Ens he.
The country is populous, especially in the
tract around the capital ; the soil for the most
part fertile, producing an abundance of corn,
wine, fruits, saffron, mustard, he. ; also salt and
iron. In the neighbourhood of the Danube are
extensive plains. The climate is warm, and
not remarkably healthy, the air being subject
to noisome vapours.
AUSTRIA, Empire of, composed of various
states situated in the central part of Europe,
erected into an empire, in 1804 ; bounded N. by
, Bavaria, Silesia, and Poland, E. by Russia and
Turkey, S. by Turkey, the Adriatic, and Middle
Italy, and W. by Piedmont, Switzerland, and
Bavaria. The following table exhibits the divisions of
the Austrian empire, with the extent and popu
lation according to Liechtenstern, adopted by
Malte-Brun in 1820.
Stales. Sq.m. Pop.
1. Archduchy of Austria  14,992  1,775,184
2. Duchy of Stiria  8,531  763.820
3. County of Tyrol  11,704  71-5.1770

4. Kingdom of Bohemia
5. Margraviate of Moravia }
with Austrian Silesia $
6. Kingdom of Galicia, )
with Bukowine J ""
7. Kingdom of Hungary )
with part of Sclavo- >
nia and Croatia )
8. Grand duchy of Tran- )
sylvania J "
9. Lombardo-Venetian )
kingdom J '"
10. Kingdom of Illyria, com
posed of Carinthia, Car-
niola,Littorale, and Carl
stadt 
11. Dalmatia 
12. Military districts in Cro
atia, Sclavonia, and the
Bannat 

20,382  3,183,364
11,804  1,688,255
32,57S  3,654,000
86,208  7,800,000
22,376  1,797,000
.17,771.....4,290,00O

%lt] 1'315.82<}

12,243  1,044,585

258,223...27,978,995
According to Hassel.
Provinces. Sq. m. Pop. Chief towns
1. Above the Ens...7,320  755,891 Lintz
2. Below the Ens...7,696....1,048,324 Vienna
3. Stiria  8,459  799,056 Gratz
4. Tyrol  10,033  717,542 Inspruck
5. Bohemia  20,169.. ..3,203,222 Prague
6. Moravia  10,697....1,680,935 Brunn
7. Laybach  8,088  637,331 Laybach
8. Trieste  5,014  531,066 Trieste
9. Dalmatia  5,829  .295,089 Zara
10. Galicia  32,189....3,755,454 Lemberg
11. Venice  9,705... .1,950,096 Venice
12. Milan  7,591...2,161,853 Milan
13. Hungary  81,138... 8,200,000 Buda
14. Transylvania.... 18,346... 1,500,000 Herman-
Four Milit. Dis.18,297  940,589 stadt.

250,579 28,176,437
The annual increase of population is estimat
ed by Malte-Brun at about 1 10,000 or 120,000.
Inhabitants. The inhabitants are composed
of the following races : —
Sclavonians  11,800,000
Italians  5,200,000
Germans  .'  4,900,000
Hungarians  4,200,000
Walachians  1,400,000
Jews  420,000
Gipsies  30,000
Armenians, Greeks, Albanians, Sic...  40,000
Religion, The established religion is the Ro
man Catholic, but general toleration is granted,
and members of the Protestant and Greek
churches are numerous in Hungary, Transylva
nia, and Sclavonia, where they enjoy consid
erable privileges. There are 9 Catholic arch
bishoprics, Vienna, Gran, Prague, Colocza,
Lemberg, Olmutz, Laybach, Udina, and Milan.
The numbers of the different denominations
are stated by Hassel as follows:
Roman Catholics  21,970,000
Greek church  3,150,000
Reformed  1,310,000
Lutherans  1,910,000
Unitarians  45,000
Jews  450,000
Government. The government is monarchy

AUS

112

AUV

Jiearly absolute, except in some of the states,
particularly Hungary and Transylvania, it is
limited by constitutional provisions.
Finances. The public debt was stated by
Malte-Brun in 1820, at a ISlitfle upwards of
$400,000,000 ; the revenue at about $60,000.
Army and Navy. The army is composed of
220,000 infantry, 36,000 cavalry, and 20,000
artillery. The navy consists of only 12 frigates
in the Adriatic.
Education. The principal universities are
those of Vienna, Prague, Pest, Lemberg, Pa
dua, and Pavia. Academies and gymnasia are
numerous. Though Austria can boast of some
distinguished names, yet in regard to literature
she is greatly behind the north of Germany.
Cities. The principal cities are Vienna, the
capital, Milan, Venice, Prague, Verona, Pest,
Lemberg, Debreczin, Trieste, Gratz, he. Trieste
is the principal seaport, but Vienna is the cen
tre of mercantile transactions. The greatest
fairs are held at Bolzano. — Cities 782 ; market
towns 2,096; villages 68,709 ; houses 4,300,000.
Rivers and Lakes. The Danube runs through
the whole extent from west to east. The other
principal rivers are the Dniester, Teisse, Save,
Drave, Inn, Po,and Adige. The lakes are the
Platten-see and Neusidl-see in Hungary, Traun-
see and Atter-see in Austria Proper, Cirknitz
in Carinthia, and Garda and Como in Lom-
bardy. Face of the country, tyc. The face of the
country is various. , Stiria, Tyrol, Carinthia, and
Carniola, are mountainous. Bohemia and Mo
ravia are encompassed by mountains. The
Carpathian mountains extend along the north
east of Hungary. A large portion of the soil is
fertile, especially in Lombardy and Hungary.
Productions. The Austrian territories abound
in various articles both of necessity and luxury ;
corn, wine, saffron, cattle, horses, gold, mer
cury, copper, iron, lead, precious stones, Sic
are among her exports. — The manufactures con
sist of thread, cotton, linen, lace, silk stuffs,
stockings, spirituous liquors, wrought iron, steel,
and brass ; glass, porcelain, earthern ware, Sic.
The imports consist mostly of raw materials, as
wool, cotton, raw silk, rice, oil, drugs, spiceries ;
a great part of which come from the Levant.
The foreign trade is, in a great measure, in the
hands of Greek merchants.
Wine. The Austrian vineyards, according to
the calculations of Blumenbach, in 1816, occu
py 2,269,100 English acres, and produce annu
ally 32,873,971 eimers, or 325,452,313 gallons;
of which Hungary produces 1^,000,000 eimers;
the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom 5,890,000 ;
Transylvania 3,640,000 ; Archduchy of Austria
2,094,358 ; and Stiria 1,000,000.
Grain. The annual produce of wheat, rye,
barlev, and oats, is calculated at 210,000,000met-
zen, or 360,000,000 Win Chester bushels ; 1 metze
being equal to If bushel nearly. Of this quantity
Hungary produces 60,000,000 metzen ; Galicia
34,801,500 ; Bohemia 24,369,361 ; Lombar
do-Venetian kingdom 20,821,460; Moravia
17,718,004 ; Archduchy of Austria 14,242,188 ;
Stiria 4,484,332.
Austria, Inner, see Stiria.
Austria, Upper, see Tyrol.

Austria, v. Friuli, near Aquileia. At this place
a council was held in 15th centuiy, called by
Benedict XIII. the ejected Pope.
Autarra. t. Hind., Allahabad ; 16 N. Callingar.
Autos, t. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 65 NE. Mecca.
Aute Rive, t. France, in Upper-Garonne; on
the Arriege ; 15 S. Toulouse.
Autefage, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 9
NNE. Agen.
Auteria, t. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 35 NW.
Ruttunpour. Autenow,t. Russia, in Kiev; 18 WSW. Bia-
lacerkiew. Auteniqua, district, Africa, E. of the Cape of
Good Hope.
Auteuil, t. France, in Seine, district of St.
Denys; 3 SW. Paris. Pop. 1,205.
Aulhie, r. France, which runs into the sea, 8
N. the mouth of the Somme.
Authion, i. France, which runs into the Loire,
2 S. Angers.
Authon, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 18
WNW. Chateaudun. Pop. 1,165.
Authon, t. France, in Lower-Charente; 4
leagues NE. Saintes. Pop. 800.
Autire, r. France, which runs into the Sevre,
a little below Maillerais.
Autison, t. France, in Upper-SaOne ; 15 S.
Besancon. Autol, t Spain, in Old Castile ; 3 miles from
Calahorra. Autonne, r. France, which runs into the Oise,
near Verberie.
Autrecourt, t. France, in Meuse ; 4 SSE.
Clermont, 11 SW. Verdun.
Autrench, r. Canada, which runs into Lake
Huron, Lon. 82. 20. W. Lat. 43. 6. N.
Autrey, t. France, in Upper-SaOne ; 4 NW.
Gray. Pop. 1,215.
Autricourt, t. France, in Cote-d'Or; 8 If.
Chatillon sur Seine.
Aulricum, now Charlres.
Aulry, t. France, Ardennes ; 9 W. Varennes,
Autucurrally, t. Carnatic ; 5 N. Muglee.
Autun, (an. Bibracte, and Augustodunum,) t.
France, and principal place of a district, in
SaOne-and-Loire ; 18J posts WSW. Besancon,
35£ SSE. Paris. Lon. 4. 18. E. Lat. 46. 57. N.
Pop. 9,176. It is tolerably built, and has manu
factures of linen and woollen, and an active
trade in wood and cattle, and contains a cathe
dral, 9 churches, 5 abbeys, several other reli
gious houses, and 2 hospitals. Before the revo
lution it was the capital of Autunois, situated
near the river Arroux, at the foot of three
mountains, from whence issue six springs, that
well supply the town with water. — Autun was
the capital city of the ffidui, called Bibracte.
Many vestiges are yet visible of Roman magni
ficence. Autunois, small district, France, before the
revolution, in Burgundy, round the city of Au
tun. It is now included in SaOne-and-Loire.; ..
Autz, t. Courland; 36 SSE. Goldingen.
Auvaille, t. Netherlands, on the Ambleve, in
Limburg ; 14 S. Liege.
Au-Vasc, r. Illinois, which flows into the
Mississippi, 55 miles above the Ohio. It is nav
igable for boats 60 miles, through a fine prairie
country.

AUZ

113

AXE

Auve, t. France, Marne ; 13 ENE. Chalons.
Auvergne, before the revolution, a province of
France, bounded E. by Forez, S. by Rouergue
and Gevaudan, W. by Limoges and Marche,
and N. by Bourbonois : about 120 miles long,
and 90 broad ; it was usually divided into Up
per and Lower ; the climate of the latter is
very temperate, but the former is very cold,
the clouds hanging on the mountains the great
est part of the year. Clermont is the capital
town. It now forms the two departments of
Cantal and Puy-de-D6me. Pop. about 800,000.
Auvergnie, t. Switz. ; 3 S. Neufohatel.
Auvillard, or Auvillars, t. France, in Tarn-
SHid-Garonne, in the district of Valence, on the
Garonne ; 2 S. Valence, 13 SE. Agen. Lon.
0. 59. E. Lat. 44. 3. N. Pop. 2,220.
Auvillers-les-forges, t. France, in Ardennes ;
JO WNW. Mezieres.
Auw, t. Austria, on the Danube ; 10 WSW.
Grein. Auwal, v. Bohemia ; 2 NW. Prague ; where,
on the 6th May, 1757, a battle was fought be
tween the Austrians and Prussians. The Aus-
trians had 20,000 men killed ; the Prussians lost
nearly as many, but took 14,000 prisoners.
Aux Cayes, see Cayes.
Auxelodunum, now Hexham.
Auxerre, (an. Autissiodorum,) city, France,
cap. Yonne, on the side of a hill, near the
Yonne, which Washes part of the walls ; 21A
posts SSE. Paris, 40£ NNW. Lyons. Lon. 3. 34.
E. Lat. 47. 48. N. Pop. 11,295. It contains 9
chh., and 2 hospitals, and has considerable
trade in Wood and wines ; and manufactures of
Woollens. An academy of sciences was erect
ed here in 1749. Before the revolution it was
a bp. see, and capital of Auxerrois.
Auxerrois, before the revolution, a country of
France, in N. part of Burgundy, bounded E.
and N. by Champagne, W. by Nivernois, and
S. by the rest of Burgundy. It is about 27 miles
long, and 15 broad. Auxerre is the capital. It
now forms a part of the department of the Yonne.
Auximum, now Osimo.
Auxois, before the late division, a countiy of
France, in Burgundy. It now forms a part of
C6te-d'Or. Auxon, t. France, in Aube; 4N. Ervy, 13 S.
Troyes. Pop. 2,336.
Auxon, t. France, in Upper-Loire, near the
Allier; 24NW.LePuy. Pop. 1,500.
Auxonne, t. France, in C6te-d'Or ; 16 ESE.
Dijon, IS S. Gray. Lon. 5. 26. E. Lat. 47. 11.
N. Pop. 5,282. It is the seat of a tribunal, in
the district of St. Jean de Losne, situated in a
plain, near E. side of the Saone. The town is
surrounded with a double wall, built the latter
end of the 17th century.
Auxume, now Axum.
Auxy, Le Chateau, t. France, in Straits-of-
Calais ; 9 SSE. Hesdin. Pop. 2,469.
Auzance, t France, in Creuse, situated on a
hill, surrounded with ponds ; 9 S. Evaux, 25
ESE. Giieret Pop. 1,230.
Auzat, or Auzal, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome ;
S. Issoire. Pop. 1,500.
Auzat, t. France, in Arriege ; 9 SW. Tara-
scon. Pop. 1,000.
Auzara, now Osaro.
Vol. I 15

Auzen,.or Tigri, t. Abyssinia; 105 SE. Sire,
180 NE, Gondar.
Auzia, now Burg-Hamza.
Auzils, t. France, in Aveiron ; 15 NW.
Rhodez. Auzon, t. France, in Upper-Loire, on the Al
lier; 6 N. Brioude, 30 NW. le Puy. Pop. 1,066.
Aw, t. Tyrol ; 25 SE. Bregentz.
Awa, t. Persia, in Irak ; 80 S. Casbin.
Alva, t. Japan, capital of a province on S.
coast of Xicoco. Lon. 131. 19. E. Lat. 33. 45. N.
Awa, t. Japan, and capital of a province on
S. coast of Niphon ; 85 S. Jedo. Lon. 140. 4.
E. Lat. 34. 24. N.
Awa, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 62 N. Nangasaki.
Awabazari, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 15
NNW. Alanieh.
Awasi, or Awadsi, isl. Japan, near S. coast of
Niphon, about 60 miles in circ. Lon. 133. 44.
E. Lat. 34. 30. N.
Awasi, t. Japan, and capital of an island of
the same name. Lon. 133. 43. E. Lat. 34. 30. N.
Awasima, one of the small Japanese islands ;
7. E. Sado.
Awalksa, see Avatcha.
Awatti, t, Hind., in Dowlatabad; 8 SE. Car.
mulla. Awchar, t. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 150 SW.
Tabrls. Awe, r. Scotland, which runs into the Loch
Etive, nearBunawe.
Awe, r. Holstein, which runs into the Elbe,
7 miles above Gluckstadt
Awe, see Aue.
Aweri, or Overa, or Oese, km. Africa, depen
dent on Benin, with a town of the same name,
on the river Formosa.
Aweri, t. Africa, and capital of a country of
the same name; 40 S. Benin. Lon. 7. 19. E.
Lat. 6. 12. N.
Aweri, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 6. N,
Awin, Ea, r. Ireland, which rises in Lough
Ea, in Donegal, and runs into the sea, 7 N.
Killebegs. Awle, r. Syria, which rises in Mount Libahus;
and runs into the Mediterranean, near Sidon.
Awmore, t Bengal ; 25 S. Rajemul.
Ax, t. France, in Arriege, on the Arriege ;
13 SE. Tarascon, 27 W. Prades. Pop. 1,554.
Ax, r. Eng. which rises in SW, part of Dor
set, and runs into the English Channel a little
below Axmouth ; 7 W. Lyme.
Ax, r. Eng., which rises in Woekey-Hole,
near Wells, in Somerset, and runs into the
Bristol Channel, 8 miles below Axbridge.
Axat, or Azat, X, France, in Aude, on the
Aude ; 5 SSE. Quillan, 25 S. Carcassonne.
Axberg, t. Sweden, in Nericia.
Axbridge, (an. Bomium,) t. Eng., in Somer-.
set, near the Ax ; 17 SW. Bristol, 132 W. Lon-'
don. Pop. 853; market on Saturday.
Axel, t. Neth., in E. Flanders, strongly forti
fied ; 27 W. Antwerp. Lon. 3. 45. E. Lat. 51.
18 N. Pop. 1,843.
Axem, or Axim, countiy, Africa, on the Gold
Coast, with a town of the same name ; the
countiy is fertile, and well cultivated, produc
ing great quantities of rice, water melons,
pine-appels, cocoas, oranges, yams, and pa)ra-

AYC

114

AYR

oil. Among the animals of the country are
sheep in great numbers, and apes, with pigeons,
and varieties of wild fowl. The Dutch have a
fort called Fort Antony, on the western pro
montory of Cape Three Points, 10 leagues E.
Apollonia. Lon. 2. 40. W. Lat. 5. 48. N.
Axnes, t Tyrol ; 4 SW. Inspruck.
Axholm, isl. formed by the rivers Trent,
Idle, and Dun, in NW. part of Lincoln, about
20 miles in circ, with 3 villages on it, near the
mouth of the Trent.
Axiopoli, see Rassovat.
Axius, now Vardar, see Orontes.
Axminster, t. Eng., in Devonshire, on the Ax ;
26 E. Exeter, 147 W. London. Pop. 2,387. It
is celebrated for a carpet manufacture, wrought
of any size in one piece, with needles, by wo
men. There are likewise manufactures of
broad and narrow cloth, cotton tapes, and drug
gets. It has a market weekly.
Axmouth, t. Eng., in Devonshire, at the
mouth of the Ax, with alarge bay ; 6 SSW. Ax
minster, 153 W. London. Pop. 466.
Axo, small fortified town, Cephalonia.
Axona, now Aisne.
Axpe, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the rivulet
Taraffa, between Elche and Montforte. Pop.
4,000. Axum, (an. Axume,) t. or rather the ruins of
a town, said to have been once the capital of
Abyssinia ; 40 E. Sire. Lon. 38. 50. E. Lat.
14. 10. N. H. 600. In one square Mr. Bruce
found 40 obelisks, each formed of a single piece
of granite, with sculptures and inscriptions, but
no hieroglyphics. The most remarkable obelisk
stands in the midst of the square ; it is 80 feet
high, composed of a single block of granite, cu
riously carved, and preferred by Mr. Salt to
the principal remains of Egyptian architecture.
Ay, t. France, in Marne ; 9 NE. Epernay, 12
S. Rheims. Pop. 2,516.
Ay, or Pulo Ay, one of the Banda Islands, in
the Indian Sea, about 9 miles in circumference,
where the Dutch have built a fort.
Ayamonle, s-p. Spain, at the mouth of the
Guadiana, on the frontiers of Portugal, with a
good haven in the Gulf of Cadiz, small but well
fortified, and defended by a castle on a rock ;
34 WSW. Seville. Lon. 7. 26. W. Lat. 37. 12.
N. Pop. 5,500.
Aymonte, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 3 NW.
Minfort Ayas, see Aias.
Ayash, v. A. Turkey, on the coast of Cara
mania, surrounded by the ruins of a town, sup
posed by some to be the ancient Sebaste. Lon.
34. 12. E. Lat. 36. 29. N.
Ayawaroo, t. Carnatic ; 20 W. Vellore..
Ayar Bongy, t, on W. coast of Sumatra, with
a good harbour, and a market for gold and
pepper ; but little frequented. Lon. 98. 40. E.
Lat. 0. 24. N.
Ayaya, t Mexico, in Chiametlan; 95 N.
Chiametlan. Aybar, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the river Ara
gon ; 3 S. Sanguesa.
Aybling, t. Bavaria ; 26 SE. Munich.
Aycha, see Bub.
Aycliffe, v. and parish, Eng., in Durham, 5
Darlington. Pop. 633.

Aycolta, t. Cochin; 3 S. Cranganore.
Aye Stierra, small isl. in the North Sea, near
the coast of Lapland. Lon. 40. 50. E. Lat. 69.
50. N.
Ayempet, t. Carnatic ; 4 NE. Tanjore.
Ayen, t. France, in Correze ; 14 SSW. Uzer-
ches. Pop. 940.
Ayer Dicket, t. on W. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
101. 12. E. Lat. 2. 42. S.
Ayer Rajah, t. on W. coast, of Sumatra. Lon.
100. 38. E. Lat. 1. 55. S.
Ayerba, t. Spain, in Aragon, on the Gallego;
16 S. Jaca, 32 N. Saragossa.
Ayerstown, t. Burlington co.N. J. on Ancocus
Creek; 13 SE. Burlington.
Ayguaca, t. Peru, in Truxillo ; 70 NE. Piura.
Aylesbury, t. Eng., in Buckingham, in a plea
sant, and fertile plain called the Vale of Ayles
bury, nearly the centre of the country; 17 SE.
Buckingham, 40 WNW. London. Lon. 0. 49.
W. Lat. 51. 49. N. Pop. 3,447. It sends two
members to parliament, and has a market on
Saturday, and 6 annual fairs. The quarter ses
sions for the county are held here, and the
Lent assizes.
Aylesbury Island, in the Atlantic, near S. coast
of Cape Breton. Lon. 60. 45. W. Lat. 45.
30. N.
Aylesford, (an. Saissenaig-habal,) t. Eng., in
Kent, on the Medway, over which is a stone
bridge ; 3 N. Maidstone, 33 E. London. Pop.
875. A monastery of Carmelites was founded
here, great part of which is converted into a
mansion house.
Ayeletls, p-v. King William co. Va. W. 120.
Ayllon, t. Spain, in Old Castile; 28 WW.
Siguenza. Aylmouth, see Alnemouth.
Aylsham, see Alesham.
Aymaraes, t. Peru, and capital of a jurisdic
tion, in Cusco ; 80 S. Cusco.
Aymragues, t. France, in Gard; 10 S.Nismes,
15 W. Aries.
Aymouth, see Ayemouth.
Aynac, t. France, in Lot, and district of Fi-
geac; 12 NNW.Figeac
Ayora, t. Spain, in Valencia; 25 W. St. Fe
lipe. Pop. 5,850.
Ayoayo, t. Peru, in La Paz ; 37 S. La Paz.
Ayr, or Air, s-p. Scot, and capital of a coun
ty to which it gives name ; 75 SW. Edinburgh.
Lon. 4. 39. W. Lat. 55. 32. N. Pop. 6,291. It
was anciently called Erigena, and is pleasantly
situated on a tongue of land, at the mouth of
the river Ayr, where it runs into the Frith of
Clyde ; the river Doon enters the Clyde very
near it. It has 2 weekly markets and 4 annual
fairs. About 60 vessels, carrying nearly 6,000
tons, belong to the port. The town contains
an academy, a public library, with a reading
room, and a weekly newspaper is published
here. Ayr, New town of, t. and parish, Scot, on
the Ayr, opposite to Ayr. Pop. 2,809.
Ayrshire, maritime county, Scot., bounded
N. by the county of Renfrew, E. by the shires
of Lanerk and Dumfries, S. by Galloway, and
W. by the Irish channel and the Frith of Clyde.
Its extent in length is about 65 miles, and about
36 in breadth. It is divided into three great

AZA

115

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bailiages or stewartries, which bear the names
of Kyle, Cunningham, and Carrick. Pop.
103,954. Families, 21,494; 5,385 engaged in
agriculture, 11,354 in trade and manufactures,
4,755 otherwise. Sq. m. 1,600.
Ayrshire is fitted in every respect for the car
rying on of trade, and the extension of agri
cultural improvements ; besides the inexhausti
ble seams of coal with which it abounds, it
possesses several other valuable minerals; as
freestone, limestone, ironstone, and several
rioh ores of lead and copper.
Ayr, (an. Vidogara,) r. Scot, which rises on
the borders of Lanerkshire, crosses the county
to which it gives name, and runs into the Frith
of Clyde, near the town of Ayr.
Ayr, i. France, which runs into the Aisne,
near Grandpre.
Ayr Head, cape on W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4. 40. W. Lat. 55. 28. N.
Ayresbury, v. N. J. on the Musconecunk.
Arraines, t. France, in Somme ; 9 SSE. Ab
beville. Ayrpoor, t. on W. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
101. 38. E. Lat. 3. U.S.
Aysgarth, v. Eng., in the West Riding of
Yorkshire, on the river Ure ; 4 E. Askrigg.
Near it there is a grand picturesque waterfall,
called Aysgarth Force. The whole river,
which is of considerable breadth, pours down
an irregular and broken ledge of rocks.
Ayslingen, t. Bav. ; 3 SSW. Dillingen.
Aytenapilly, t Mysore ; 7 S. Colar.
Aylh, t. Abyssinia, on the Red Sea. Lon. 41.
45. E. Lat. 13. 58. N. It contains about 40
huts, and is the capital of a district.
Ayton, t. Eng., in the N. Riding of Yorkshire ;
3 NE. Stokesley. Pop. 865.
Ayton, see Eyeton.
Aytona, t. Spain, in Catalonia, near the Se-
gre ; 6 SSW. Lerida.
Aytre, t France, in Lower-Charente, near
Rochelle. H. 240.
Aylura, t. Bengal ; 20 NE. Rogonatpour.
Lon. 86. 3. E. Lat. 23. 45. N.
Ayutla, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific
Ocean, Lat. 14. 55. N-
Azab, country, Abyssinia, on the coast of the
Red Sea. It was formerly famous for myrrh,
frankincense, and aromatic plants. Near Azab
are the remains of an aqueduct, built of huge
blocks of marble. Azab is supposed by some to
have been the residence of the queen oiSheba.
Azai, t. Japan, Niphon ; 50 NNW. Nambu.
Azagra, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro ; 6
miles from Calahorra.
Azallaishi, t. Egypt, on the coast of the Red
Sea ; 80 SSE. Coseir.
Azambujera, t. Portugal, in Estramadura; 7
W. Santarem. Pop. 2,900.
Azamor, t. Morocco, in Duquella, on the riv
er Morbeys, near the sea, but not convenient
for commerce, as the entrance of the river is
dangerous ; 80 N. Morocco. Lon. 8. 5. W.
Lat. 33. 20. N. Pop. 1,000.
Azania, or Barbaria, now Ajan.
Azar, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut ; 76 SE. Aman-
zirifdin. Azarcolla, see Azialcollar.
Asaredo, s-p. S. A. in the bay of Spiritu San

to, on the coast of Brazil, a celebrated port for
sugar. Lon. 40. 10. W. Lat. 20. 18. S.
, Azasi, (an. Rusupis,) t. Morocco, on the At
lantic; 120 NW. Morocco. Lon. 9. 26. W.
Lat. 33. 40. N.
Azay le Feron, t. France, Indre ; 9 SSE. Cha
tillon, 26 W. Ch&teauroux. Pop. 1,S55.
Azay le Rideau, t. France, Indre-and-Loire ;
4 NE. Chinon, 12 SW. Tours. Pop. 1,708.
Azay-sur Cher, t. France, Indre-and-Loire,
on the Cher ; 7 ESE. Tours. H. 230.
Azeitao, t. Portugal, in Estramadura, 5 NNW.
Setuval. Pop. 2,342.
Azem, see Ardra.
Azenay, t. France, in Vendee ; 5 leagues N.
Sables d'Olonne. Pop. 3,000.
Azerailles, t. France, in Meurte ; 7 SW. Bla-
monte, 9 SE. Luneville.
Azerbijan, or Azerbaijam, see Adirbeitzan.
Azeuchal, t. Spain, Estramadura; 16 SSW.
Merida. Azgar, province of Fez.
Azialcollar, or Azarcolla, t. Spain, Seville ;
19 NW. Seville.
Azelar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, between
Constantinople and Tocat
Azille, t. France, in Aude ; 13 ENE. Carcas-
sone, 16 NNW. Narbonne. Lon. 2.44. E. Lat.
43. 17. N. Pop. 1,114.
Azingur, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 84 NE. Al
lahabad ; Lon. 83. 23. E. Lat. 26. 5. N.
Azimnagur, t. Bengal ; 15 S. Calcutta.
Azimgunge,t. Bengal ; 15ESE.Moorshedabad.
Azimpour, t. Allahabad ; 36 N. Gazypour. ,
Azimpour, t. Bengal, in Dacca, on an island
in the Ganges ; 50 S. Dacca.
Azincourt, see Agincourt.
Azinhago, t. Portugal, in Estramadura; 11
NNE. Santarem.
Azincour, see Agincourt.
Azio, (an. Adium,) t. Eu. Turkey, in Liva
dia ; 64 NE. Lepanto. It is famous for a na
val victory which Augustus obtained over An
tony and Cleopatra, 31. B. C.
Azmerigunge, t. Bengal ; 38 SW. Silhet
Aznalcagar, t. Spain, in Andalusia ; 21 miles
from Seville.
Azoques, t. Quito ; 10 NE. Cuenza.
Azoph, or Azof, (an. Tanais,) t. Russia, at the
extremity of the Sea of Azoph, at the mouth
of the Don ; 320 E. Otchakov, 368 SW. Sara
tov, 812 SSE. Petersburg. Lon. 39. 14. E.
Lat. 47. N. It is now important only as a
military post, having a fortress with a garrison ;
and is reduced to a village of about 50 houses.
Azoph, Sea of, called also Zabach Sea, (an.
Palus Maolis,) large lake, or inland sea, A.
Russia, on the confines of Tartary ; receiving
the waters of the Don on the N., and commu
nicating on the S. with the Black sea, by the
straits of Caffa. Its figure is extremely irregu
lar, being about 270 miles in length, and 100,
where widest, in breadth. It is generally from
35 to 40 feet deep, and abounds in fish. Lon
34. 30. to 39. 30. E. Lat. 45. 20. to 47. 20. n!
Azores, or Western Islands, in the Atlantic
about midway between America, and Europe
and Africa, variously represented by different
geographers as belonging to each. Lon. 25 to
33. W. Lat. 35. 50. to 40. N. They are 9 in

AZO

116

AZZ

number, and are divided into 3 smaller groups;
the first 2 in the table are the most easter
ly; the last 2 most westerly; the other 5 form
the middle group. Sq. m. Pop.
St. Michael  318  61,058
Santa Maria  45  5,000
Tercera  225  28,900
Pico  338  20,861
Fayal  50  16,295
St. George  106  11,112
Graciosa  30  7,315
Flores  43  7,005
Corvo  5  738

1,160

158,284

These islands belong to Portugal. Angra,
the capital of Tercera, is the seat of govern
ment ; but Ponta del Gada, in St. Michael, is a
more important town. The Azores were not
lcnown in Europe till about the middle of the
15th century. They are remarkable for their
geological structure and volcanic appearance,
exhibiting every mark of comparatively recent
origin. They are covered with hills of various
form and dimension, composed of lava either
pulverized, or in the state of rock. They en
joy a clear, serene sky, and a salubrious and
pleasant climate ; and are exceedingly fertile
in corn, vines, oranges, lemons, and other
fruits, and abound in quadrupeds, both wild
and tame. Their greatest inconvenience is
their being subject, like the Canaries, to vio
lent earthquakes, as well as to the fury of the

waves, which frequently do incredible mischief
to the inhabitants, by overflowing the low
grounds. The most formidable earthquake on
record, is that of 1591, which continued 12
days without intermission, and destroyed en
tirely the town of Villa Franca. Subterra
neous fire is indicated by numerous hot springs.
The Azores are discovered at a great distance,
90 miles, according to Frezier, by the high
mountain, called Pico, or Peak of the Azores.
— The inhabitants are catholics, extremely ig
norant and superstitious. Priests, monks, and
nuns are numerous. — See St. Michael, he.
Azotus, see Ezdoud.
Azrah ben Aron, t. Arabian Irak, on the Ti
gris ; 15 NNW. Korna.
Azrak, r. A. Turkey, which runs into the Eu
phrates, 6NE. Semisat.
Aztatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa
cific Ocean, Lat. 16. 20. N.
Azua, t on S. coast of St. Domingo. Lon,
71. 56. E. Lat. 18. 16. N. Pop. 8,000.
Azuaga, t. Spain, in Estramadura ; 9 SE.Lle-
rena. Azuchitlau, t. Mexico ; 150 W. Mexico. Pop.
5, or 600 families.
Azumar, t Portugal, in Alentejo ; 5 WNW.
Aronches. Azurar, t. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-Min-
ho ; 16 SW. Braga.
Azurara, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 6 SE. Viseu-
Azyris, t Africa, on the coast of Barca ; 65
E. Curin. Lon. 22. 30. E. Lat. 32. 35. N.
Azzoglio, t. Italy, in the principality of Mas-
serano ; 6 NNE. Masserano.
Azzurbauejaun, see Adirbeitzan.

B.

BAB
Ba, small s-p. Africa, in Adra, on the Slave
Coast, where the Dutch have a factoiy.
Baad, t. Hind., in Agra ; 8 SW. Agra.
Baaden, see Baden.
Baadstead, or Batsted, s-p. Sweden, in Sko-
nen, on a bay of the Cattegat ; 10 N. EngeJ-
holm, 16 S. Halmstadt. Lon. 12. 45. E. Lat.
56. 28. N.
Baagoe, small isl. Denmark, in the Little
Belt. Lon. 9. 49. E. Lat. 55. 19. N.
Baagoe, small isl. Denmark, between the isl
ands of Zealand, Moen, and Falster. Lon. 12.
3. E. Lat. 54. 56. N.
Baagmara, t. Bengal ; 50 SE. Dacca.
Baakcr, t. Africa, in Dongola, on the left bank
of the Nile ; 30 WNW. Dongola.
Baalbeit, see Balbeit.
Baal's River, see Bals.
Baambrugge, t. Neth., in Utrecht. Pop. 669.
Baar, formerly a landgraviate, Ger., in Swa
bia, annexed to the principality of Fursten-
berg, situated at the source of the Danube and
the Neckar, near the Black Forest. It now
belongs to Baden. It included the towns of
Furstenberg, Donaueschingen, Blumburg, Huf-
fingen, and a few others. Pop. 27,622.
Boar, see Bar.
Baarle, v. Neth., N. in Brabant. Pop. 1,548.
Baate, t. Meckley ; 75 W. Munnypour.
Bab,t. Syria; 25 SW. Bambouch.
Baba, or Temisvar, or Tomisvar, (an. Tomi,)
t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on a bay of the
Black Sea, called the gulf of Baba; 65 ENE.
Silistria. Lon. 28. 38. E. Lat. 44. 40. N. It is
celebrated for its knives and sword-blades.
Baba, or Cape Baba.
Baba, t. S. A., capital of a district of the
same name, in Guayaquil; 30 N. Guayaquil.
Bababeg, or Babic, t. Persia, in Kerman.
Lon. 54. 18. E. Lat. 30. 3. N. It was formerly
a fine city, but is now falling to decay. It is
situated in a fertile plain, and has fine gardens.
. Babachoka, one of the Bissagos islands, on
W. coast of Africa.
Babahoyo, t. S. A., in New Grenada, the
chief place of a bailiwick, and extensive juris
diction. Lat. 1. 47. S. It contains royal arse
nals and custom-houses, and is a great mart for
trade. The country about is low, and subject
to inundations, but fertile in cocoa, cotton,
rice, and fruit.
Babahoyo, navigable r. New Grenada, in the
district of the same name, which after a course
of 24 leagues, flows into the Guayaquil.
Babain, t. Persia, Kerman ; 90 SE. Sergian.

BAB
Babain, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 60 W. Herat,
Babanon, or Balbanon, t. Camboja, on the
river Camboja. Lon. 105. 10.E. Lat. 12. 17. N.
Babatscha, or Babalska, t. Hungary ; 6 SSE.
Canischa. Babapour, t. Hind., Oude ; 20 S. Kairabad.
Babare,X. Hind., Werrear ; 22 N. Radunpour.
Babba, now Naranja.
Bobbin, t. Pomerania, Rugen ; 12 N. Bergen.
Babein, t. Egypt, built on the ruins of an an
cient city ; 6 W. Ashmunein.
Babein, t. Persia, Irak ; 80 SE. Ispahan.
Babel, (an. Byblus,) t. Egypt; 40 N. Cairo.
Babelabouad, see Derbend.
Babelza, t Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 36 N. Ou-
dighir. Babel-Mandeb, or Babelmandel, (an. Dira, or
Dine,) narrow strait between the Indian Ocean
and the Red Sea, formed by the projecting
land of Arabia in Asia, and Abyssinia in Afri
ca. It is 15 miles wide.
Babel-Mandeb, isl. in the straits so called, at
the entrance of the Red Sea ; about 5 miles in
circ, but barren, and almost uninhabited. Lon.
44. 30. E. Lat. 12! 40. N.
Babenhausen, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Upper-Danube, formerly belonging to the
counts of Fugger, on the Gunz; 26 WSW.
Augsburg, 16 SE. Ulm. Lon. 10. 13. E. Lat.
48. 8. N. Pop. 1,600.
Babenhausen, see Bobenhausen.
Badenskoi, t. Russia, in Archangel ; 90 SSW.
Kola. Baber, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, about 40
miles in circ. Lon. 130. 40. E. Lat. 7. 41. S.
Babgaum, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 22 N.
Poonah. Babi, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, near W.
coast of Ceram. Lon. 128. 3. E. Lat 3. 5. S.
Babia, r. Russian Lapland, which runs into
the White Sea, 6 S. Pialitza.
Babica, t. Russia, in Minsk ; 8 E. Mozyr.
Babin, t. Poland, in Lublin ; 8 SW. Lublin.
This place is remarkable for a society or club
instituted by Sigismund Augustus, king of Po
land, for the promotion of wit, mirth, and
good humour, and ludicrously called the com
monwealth of Babin.
Babin, t. Rus., in Podolia ; 28 NE. Braclaw.
Babin, t. Galicia, in Belez ; 36 E. Belez.
Babinovitchi, t. Russia, in Mogilev ; 60 N.
Mogilev, 308 S. Petersburg. Lon. 30. 14 E
Lat. 54. 52. N. Pop. 200.
Babitz, t. Bohemia, in Czaslau • 5 WNW
Teutsch Brod.

BAB

118

BAC

Babo, t. Africa, in Whidah ; 10 NW. Sabi.
Babolcsa, or Babolsa, t. Hungary, formerly
fortified; 22 SSE. Canischa.
Bahoeuf t France, in Oise ; 2 ESE. Noyon.
Babopas, t. in the interior part of New Al
bion. Lon. 114. 25. W. Lat. 37. 45. N.
Babora, t. Aust. Galicia ; 12 S. Lemberg.
Baboul, (an. Babylon,) t. Egypt, on a branch
of the Nile, near Cairo.
Baboul, see Bulls, Bay of.
Babra, t. Hind., Guzerat; 15 NE. Junagur.
Babra, t. Mexico, in New Navarre ; 205 S.
Casa Grande.
Babu, or Pulo Babu, small isl. in the gulf of
Siam, near the coast of Camboja. Lou. 103.
48. E. Lat. 9. 42. N.
Babuan, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipela
go. Lon. 120. 30. E. Lat. 5. 20. N.
Babunhos, s-p. Africa, on the coast of Zan-
guebar, nearly on the Equinoxial line.
Babuto, small isl. in the Red Sea, near the
coast of Egypt. Lat. 24. 47. N.
Babuyan, isl. in the N. Pacific Ocean, and the
most northerly of those called Babuyanes,
about 20 milesin circumference. Lon. 122. 2.
E. Lat. 19. 39. N.
Babuyanes, cluster of 6 or 7 small islands,
about 30 miles N. Lucon, in the Pacific Ocean.
Lon. 121. 15. to 122. 5. E. Lat. 18. 58. to 19.
42. N. One of them contains about 500 inhabi
tants ; the chief produce is wax, ebony, bana
nas, cocoas, and plantains. The chief of the
islands are Babuyan, Camiguen, Calayan, Da-
lupiril, and Fuga,'with a few islets.
Babuyca, t. Mexico, in Culiacan ; 65 NNE.
Culiacan. Babylon, city and capital of Babylonia and
the Assyrian empire, on the Euphrates, 60
south of Bagdad. Lon. 44. 13. E. Lat. 32.
30. N. It was founded by the first descend
ants of Noah 2234 B. C, enlarged by Nimrod,
the grandson of Noah, 2000 B. C, and greatly
enlarged and embellished by Semiramis, the
Assyrian queen, about 1200 B. C; and was
the most magnificent and powerful city in the
world. It was taken by Cyrus, B. C. 538, after
he had turned the waters of the Euphrates in
to a new channel, and marched his troops by
night into the city through the dried bed. The
space enclosed within the walls has been com
puted at 72 sq. m. It stood on both sides of the
river, in the form of a square, encompassed by a
wall 55 or 60 miles in circuit, 87 feet broad, and
350 high, with 25 gates of solid brass on each
of the sides, and on it ivere built 250, or ac
cording to others, 316 towers. This wall was
accounted one of the seven wonders of the
World. Extensive ruins are now to be seen of this
once magnificent city. They commence,, ac
cording to Mr. Rich, who visited them about
the year 1815, 2 miles above Helleh, and
cover a considerable extent of country, con
sisting of vast mounds of earth, formed by the
decomposition of materials of building, with
bricks, bitumen, and pottery, strewed on the
surface ; and of the remains of buildings and
brick walls, in some instances surprisingly fresh.
One of the mounds is 1,100 yards in length,
and 800 in breadth, and elevated 50 or 60 feet

above the level of the plain ; another is 700
yards square, appears to be the ruins of the fin
est buildings, and is a grand storehouse of
bricks, whence great supplies of them have
been obtained. The bricks are of the finest
description, and are yet abundant. About 4
N. of Helleh are the ruins of the Kesr, or Pal
ace. It is visible at a considerable distance,
and is a remarkable ruin, which consists of
several walls and piers, which face the cardi.
nal points. One mile farther N. is the suppos
ed ruin of the Tower of Belus. The N. side is
200 yards long, the E. 182, the S. 219, and the
W. 136. The height of the highest part is 141
feet. But the most stupendous mass of all the
ruins of Babylon is about 6 SW. Helleh, and is
called by the Arabs Birs Nemroud, and by the
Jews Nebuchadnezzar's Prison. It is 762 yards
in circ, and the most elevated part is 198 feet
high. It is built of fine burnt bricks, which
have inscriptions on them, and are so well ce
mented together, that it is nearly impossible to
separate one of the bricks from the others
whole. Babylonia, ancient country, Asia ; now Bag
dad. Bac de la Jaretta, r. Sicily, which runs into
the sea on E. coast, Lon. 16. 14. E. Lat. 37.
19. N.
Baga, see Baza.
Bacacay, t. on W. coast of the island of Ne-
gros. Lon. 132. 35. E. Lat. 9. 42. N.
Bacaduchi, t. Mexico, in New Navarre ; 240
SSE. Casa Grande.
Bagaim, t. in the island of rjalsete, near the
coast of Concan, of which the Portuguese
were a long time in possession, but were driv
en away by the Mahrattas. Lon. 72. 40. E.
Lat. 19. 19. N.
Bacalal, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 40 miles
long, and 16 broad ; 36 SW. Valladolid.
Bacalan,t. Great Bukharia; 45 W. Ande-
rab; 145 ESE. Balk. Lon. 67. 40. E. Lat.
36. 12. N.
Bacalan, mt. Great Bukharia; 120 E. Balk.
Bacan, t. Mexico, in New Navarre; 165
NW. Cinaloa.
Bacanao Bay, bay on S. coast of Cuba. Lon.
74. 59. W. Lat. 20. 6. N.
Bacanora, t. New Mexico, in Hiaqui ; 50 N.
Riochico. Bacapa, t. Mexico, in New Navarre; 120
SW. Casa Grande.
Bacharach, or Bacarat, (an. Bachrecha,) t.
Pru., Lower-Rhine, in Coblentz, formerly cap
ital of a bailiwick in the Lower Palatinate,
at the foot of a mountain called Voitsberg;
23 S. Coblentz, 48 N. Deux-Ponts. Lon. 7.
40. E. Lat. 50. 2. N. Pop. 949. It is suppos
ed to have its name corrupted from Bacdd
Ara; the altar of Bacchus. The wine, produc
ed in its neighbourhood, is in great request.
Bacarat, t. France, in Meurte ; 12 SE. Lune-
ville. Pop. 1,315.
Bacardo, t. Genoa ; 8 NNE. Vintimiglia.
Bacasere, t. Bengal ; 6 S. Nagore. Here is a
hot spring.
Bacca ,Serai, or Bakscisarai, t. Russia, in Tau-
ris. Lon. 35. 6. E. Lat. 44. 27. N. Pop. 5,776.
It was once the chief city of Crim Tartary, and

BAG

119

BAD

residence of the Han or Kan, on the river Ka-
barta, about 20 miles from S. coast. The hang
ing gardens, the towers of the mosques, the
terraces, and bubbling fountains contribute to
the beauty of this picturesque town. It contains
31 mosques and 75 fountains. It is a remarka
ble town ; its manners, customs, and appear
ance being all oriental, having nothing of a
European character.
Baccano, t. Popedom, in the Patrimonio ; 12
S. Nepi.
Baccanore, t. Canara ; 14 S. Barcelore.
Bacchiglione, r. Italy, which crosses the Pa-
duan, and joins the Po, at its mouth.
Baccum, v. Holland, which, in 1799, was
twice or thrice taken and retaken.
Bacegolty, t. Thibet ; 38 NNW. Linnagur.
Bachaash, small island, among the western
islands of Scotland, near NE. coast of North
Uist Lon. 7. 3. W. Lat. 57. 37. N.
Bachara, t Bengal ; 34 NW. Boglipour.
Bachelder, t. Oxford co. Maine. Pop. 91.
Bachelerie, (La,) t. France, in Dordogne ; 12
N. Sarlat
Bachelor's Hall, p-v. Tioga co. Pa. ; W. 262.
Bachelor's Retreat, p-v. Pendleton co. S. C. ;
W. 578.
Bachelor's River, r. S. A., which runs into a
bay, ro which it gives name, on N. side of the
Straits of Magellan. This river has a bar at its
mouth, which renders the entrance somewhat
dangerous. Lon. of the mouth, 73. 52. W. Lat.
53. 38. N.
Boxhian, one of the Molucca islands, in E.
Indian Sea, about 35 miles long, from N. to S.,
and from 6 to 15 broad. Lon. 127. 33. E. Lat.
0. 30. S. It is fertile in sago, fruits, and all the
necessaries of life. Bachian was formerly a
distinct kingdom, and very potent. It produced
the best cloves in the Moluccas, but was ruined
by the inhabitants through neglect. The prin
cipal town is Sabongo.
Bachlingen, t Wurtemberg, in the district of
the Jaxt, on the Jaxt
Bachlui, r. Moldavia, which runs into the
Zila, 10 SE. Jassy.
Bachmut, t. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, capital
of a district; 104 NNW. Azoph, 112 E. Ekate
rinoslav. Lon. 37. 44. E. Lat. 48. 25. N. Pop.
2,800. Bacho, r. N. Wales, which runs into into the
Severn, near Llanidlos, in Montgomeryshire.
Baeholkz, or Vonehotsch, t. Poland, in Sando-
mirz; 20 S.Radom.
Bachu, see Baku.
Bacidu, or Bassidere, t. on W. end of Kismich,
in the Persian Gulf. Lat. 26. 38. N.
Back, short navigable river and inlet, Balti
more co. Md., which communicates with the
Chesapeak, 4 N. of the Patapsco ; 10 miles
long. Back, or Dutchman's Cap, one of the small
western islands of Scotland, among the cluster
called Treshanish. Lon. 6. 27. W. Lat. 56.
29. N.
Backar, t. Hind., in Moultan, on an island
formed by the Indus. Lon. 70. 2. E. Lat. 28.
31. N.
Backe, t. Swedish Lapland ; 42 SSE. Asele.
Backergmge, t. Bengal, capital of a district

of the same name ; 70 S. Dacca. Lon. 90. 2$.
E. Lat. 22. 35. N.
Baeknang, t. Wurt.,'in the circle of the Lower
Neckar, on the Muhr; 8 E. Marpach, 12 NE.
Stuttgart. Lon 9. 30. E. Lat. 48. 58. N. Pop.
3,017. Baco, t. Mindoro, one of the Philippine
islands, on N. coast. Lon. 121. 5. E. Lat. 13.
18. N. It is the capital of the island, and resi
dence of a Spanish judge. The environs are
well watered by springs from mountains, which
are covered with sasaparilla.
Bacofen, t. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 5 NNE.
Jung Buntzlau.
Bacon, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 80 NNE. Za-
reng. Bacon, t. on E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 125. 5.
E. Lat. 13. 20. N.
Bacon Castle, p-v. Surrey co. Va. W. 197.
Bacon's Island, small isl. in the Chinese Seas
Lon. 113. 5. E. Lat. 11. 13. N.
Bacone, t. Tuscany ; 28 NE. Florence.
Bacongen, t. on W. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
96. 58. E. Lat. 2. 52. N.
Bacono, r. Venezuela, which rises near Trux-
illo, and runs into the Guanare.
Bacras, t. Africa, in Sennaar ; 25 ESE. Sen
naar. Lon. 34. E. Lat. 12. 25. S.
Bacre, t. Africa, in the Sierra Leone country.
Lon. 12. 11 W. Lat. 8.40. N
Bacs, co. Hungary, watered by the Danube
and Teisse ; level, with no mountains. Pro
ductions, wheat, wine, fish, cattle, tobacco, Sic.
Pop. 297,763. Sq. m. 3,610. Chief towns, Baja
and Neusatz. — It includes the former county of
Bodrog. Bacs, or Bach, or Bacb, or Batha, t Hungary,
in the county of Bacs ; 50 N. Caffa, 4 from the
Danube; and 20 from the conflux of the Drave
and Danube, 20 NE. Funfkirchen, 75 S. Buda.
Lon. 19. 10. E. Lat. 46. IS. N.
Bactra, an. cap. of Bactria,' now Balk.
Bactria, or Backtriana, ancient countiy, Asia,
now a part of Bukharia, Sic
Bactrian, isl. on the coast of Gilolo ; N. of
the Moluccas.
Baclriani, t Georgia ; 60 N. Teflis.
Bactrus, now Dehasp.
Bachuachi, t. Mexico, in New Navarre ; 135
S. Casa Grande.
Badagis, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 40 N. Fu-
sheng. Badagry, t. Africa, in Benin.
Badajos, or Badajoz, (an. Pax Augusti,) t.
Spain, capital of Estramadura, on the Guadiana,
on the frontiers of Portugal ; 49 S. Alcantara,
82 NNW. Seville. Lon. 6. 47. W. Lat. 3S. 49.
N. Pop. 14,500. Bp. see. The town has 5 gates ;
the streets are narrow and irregular. Here are
7 monasteries, 5 parish churches, 5 nunneries,
and 5 hospitals. The fortifications are not very
strong, yet it stood two sieges ; one against the
Portuguese, in 1658, and another against the
English and Dutch, supported by a considerable
corps of Portuguese, in 1705. It was taken by
storm, by the British under lord Wellington
April 6, 1812. '
Badakshan, or Badashkan, t. Asia, and capital
of a district in Great Bukharia, on the Jihon -
150 E. Balk. lon. 68. 50. E. Lat. 37. 20. N.

BAD

120

BAD

It is not large, but strong, well built, and popu
lous, situated at the foot of some lofty moun
tains, in which gold, silver, and rubies ace
found. Its princes have sometimes been inde
pendent. Badalona, (an. Bostulo,) s-p. Spain, in Cata
lonia ; 4 NE. Barcelona. Lon. 2. 7. E, Lat.
41.25. N.
Badam, see Budayoon.
Badamgur, see Bademgur.
Badanacoupy, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 28 S. Se
ringapatam. Badar, t. Hind., in Boujepour, on the Kist-
nah. Lon. 75. 32. E. Lat. 16. 40. N.
Badarwall, t. Hind., in Lahore. Lon. 74. 54.
E. Lat. 33. 45. N.
Badaska, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the river
Angara; 80 NNW. Irkutsk.*
Baddammy, t Hind., in Visiapour ; 80 S.
Visiapour. Lon. 75. 40. E. Lat. 16. 10. N.
Baddaree, t Hind., in Bahar; 40 NNW. Dur-
bungah. Lon. 91. 13. E. Lat. 26. 43. N.
Badelona, see Badalona.
Badelu, see Badibou.
Badelundsahs, long narrow sandy tract of
land, Sweden, in Westmannland, where the
Danes were totally defeated in 1521.
BADEN, grand duchy, Ger., bounded N. by
Hesse Darmstadt and Bavaria, E. by Wurtem
berg, S. by Switzerland and the lake of Con
stance, and W. by the Rhine, which separates
it from the French departments of Upper and
Lower Rhine, and the Bavarian circle of the
Rhine. Sq. m. 5,777.
Circles. Pop. Chief t. Pop

1. Pfinz Si Enz  131,518.

Carlsruhe,...15,100

i Durlach  3,916
2. Lake Constance..89,604...;.Constance....4,503
3. Danube  72,735  Villingen  3,316
4. Treisam  242,821  Freyburg.... 10,108
5. Kinzig  117,640  Offenburg  2,888
6. Murg  85,112  Rastadt  4,204
7- Neckar  166,818  Manheim  18,213
8. Maine h Tauber.,95,382  Wertheim  3,203

1,001,630
Towns. Carlsruhe is the seat of government.
Manheim, Freyburg, and Heidelberg are the
other most considerable towns.
Universities. There are universities at Hei
delberg and Freyburg ; and academies or
gymnasia at Carlsruhe, Manheim, Rastadt, and
Bruchsal. Religion. The religion of the grand duke and
of a majority of his subjects is Lutheran ; but
there are many Catholics, some Calvinists,
Jews, and Anabaptists.
The country, with the exception of a part of
the Black Forest, in the Brisgaw, is more or less
fruitful andpopulous. The chief employments are
agriculture and raising cattle. The productions
are, besides cattle and horses, grain, flax, hemp,
potatoes, fruits, and wine. The mountains
abound in wood, which is exported to Holland;
also in iron, cobalt, and silver.
The late margraviate of Baden was made up
of Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach, and now
forms the most important part of the present
grand duchy, which was erected in 1806.

Baden, (an. Aqua Therma Inferiores,) t. Baden,
in the circle of the Murg, formerly the capital
of the margraviate of Baden ; 22 NE. Strasburg,
36 W. Stuttgart, 40 SSW. Heidelberg. Lon. 8.
18. E. Lat. 48. 46. N. Pop. 3,085. It is cele
brated for its hot battis, situated on uneven
ground among hills.
Baden, district, Switz., in Aargau, formerly
an independent county, annexed to Aargau, in
1803 ; lying on both sides the Limmat ; bound
ed W. by the river Aar, N. by the Rhine, and
S. by the Reusz ; about 30 miles long, and 8 to
12 broad. Sq. ni. 176. Pop. in 1803,46,381,
mostly Catholics. The soil is fertile, and in
general abounds in grain and fruit. The moun
tains yield excellent freestone, marble, and
iron ore.
Baden, or Upper Baden, (an. Aquce,) t Switz.,
in Aargau, capital of the above district, on the
Limmat ; 14 NW. Zurich, 27 SE. Bale. Lon.
8. 12. E. Lat. 47. 24. N. Pop. 1,653. It is an
ancient town, and its antiquity is indicated by
divers monuments. About i mile distant are
the celebrated warm baths, from which it takes
its name, known by the Romans by the name
of Therma Helvetica. There are 8 principal
springs. — The negotiations for peace between
France and the empire, which had been open
ed at Rastadt, were brought to a close here
Sept. 7, 1714.
Baden, v. Switz., in the Valais, in the district
of Leuck. Here is a bath, the heat of which is
sufficient to boil an egg.
Baden, t. Austria, on the Schwocha ; 12 SSW.
Vienna. Lon. 16. 14. E. Lat. 43. 2. N. Pop.
2,430. It is celebrated for its warm baths, of
which there are nine ; the town is walled, and
contains 3 churches.
Badenally, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 21 S. Serin
gapatam. Badenoch, district, Scot, in E. part of Inver
ness ; about 36 miles long, aud 24 broad.
Badenuchi, t. New Mexico, in New Navarre;
125 S. Casa Grande. Lon. 112. 50. W. Lat. 36.
40. N.
Badenweiler, t. Baden ; 2 S. Sultzburg, 5 E.
Brisach. Pop. 237. It is much frequented for
its hot baths.
Baderally, t. Hind., in Visiapour; 17 SW.
Raibaug. Badergur, t Hind., Delhi ; 26 W. Delhi.
Badcrpour, t. Hind., Gohud ; 10 W. Gohud.
Badey, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 140 NW. Herat.
Badgum, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 6 SSW.
Oudighir. Badia, t. Tuscany ; 17 N. Florence.
Badia, t. Tuscany ; 15 W. Voltera.
Badia, (La,) t. Aust. Italv, in Rovigo, for
merly called Castello Piazzone ; 15 WSW. Ro
vigo. Pop. 5,000. It is an open town, but
populous and wealthy, situated on a branch of
the Adige.
Badia di Mosa, t. Friuli ; 9 NE. Gemona.
Badibou, or Badelu, t. Africa, and capital of
a countiy N. Gambia ; E. Barra. Lon. 15. W.
Lat. 13. 40. N,
Badingen, t. Pru. in Brandenburg ; 7 W.
Stendal. Budjoura, see Bagiura.
Badkis, or Pasin, (an, Bitaxa,) t. Persia, in

BAF

121

BAG

Chorasan ; 36 N. Herat. Lon. 60. 27. E, Lat.
35. 30. N.
Bado, r. Lucon, which runs into the sea,
Lon. 120. 38. E. Lat. 18. 10. N.
Badody, t. Hind., Delhi ; 35 SW. Delhi.
Badogi, t. Russia, on N. coast of lake Bielo,
in Novgorod ; 196 NE. Novgorod.
Badou, t. Africa, on the Slave coast; 10 NW.
Grand Sestre.
Badour, t. Hind., Bahar ; 63 SSW. Patna.
Badrachillum, t Hind., in Golconda, on the
Godavery ; 72 NW. Rajamundry, 150 E. Hy-
drabad. Lon. 81. 10. E. , Lat. 17. 50. N. The
town oonsists of 100 huts. Here is a pagoda
in high repute.
Barlrai, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia ; 10 N.
Stephanowze, 52 N. Jassy.
Badrayn, t. Hind., Bahar; 16 SSW. Patna.
Badrowly, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 16 E. Surat
Badruck, see Buddaruck.
Badshawpour, t. Hind., in Benares ; 24 WSW.
JiOnpour. Badshift Bay, bay on the coast of Patagonia,
in the Straits of Magellan. Lon. 74. 24. W.
Lat. 53. 25. S.
Badulato, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 14
SSE. Squillace.
Badule, t. Ceylon ; 54 SE. Candi, 32 N. Trin-
coli. Badus, mt. Grisons ; 18 SSE. Altdorf.
Badush, t. Turkish Armenia; 10 N. Mosul.
Body, t. Tenda, Africa. Lon. 12. 25. W. Lat
14. N.
Baedoo, country, Africa, SE. of, Banibarra,
and subject to the king of that countiy.
Baen, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia; 16 NNW.
Niemecz. Baena, see Vaena.
Baerwalde, t. Prussian Pomerania ; 8 W.New
Stettin. Lon. 16. 13. E. Lat. 53. 45. N. Pop.
666. Baerwalde, t, Prussia, in the New Mark of
Brandenburg ; 13 NNW. Custrin, 42 ENE. Ber
lin. Lon. 13. 35. E. Lat. 52. 52. N. Pop. 1,739.
Bad, see Bale.
Baterra, now Beziers.
Balica, now Andalusia and Grenada.
Balis, now Guadalquivir.
Batulo, now Badalona.
Baeza, or Baega, t. Spain, in Jaen ; 15 NE.
Jaen. Lon. 3 35. W. Lat. 38. 4. N. Pop. 12,000.
It was formerly a place of much importance,
had an extensive commerce, and was the resi
dence of a Moorish king ; afterwards a bp. see,
and the seat of a university.
Baeza, t S. A. in Quito ; 24 SSE. Quito. It
was once the capital of the province of Quixos,
now reduced to a small village.
Baezillo, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 9 miles
from Valladolid.
Bafa, or Bofo, or Bofon, t. Africa, on the
Grain Coast ; 6 SE. Sanguin. Lon. 8. 52. W.
Lat. 5. 10. N.
Baffa, or Baffo, s-p. Cyprus, on W. coast,
near the place where New Paphos stood ; 62
WSW. Nicotia. Lon. 32. 35. E. Lat. 34. 56.
N. Paphos was anciently the most distinguish
ed city of Cyprus, and is said to have once
contained 365 chh., only 4 or 5 of which now
remain, these, together with 20 or 30 miserable
Vol, I. ° 16

huts scattered among ruins, and some gardens,
are all the remains of the city. It is the resi
dence of an aga, and is on a rocky eminence,
in a narrow plain on the sea, which is separat
ed from the great plain by some low rocky
cliffs, which might anciently be washed by the
sea, before New Paphos was built. These
cliffs are now full of sepulchral grottoes, which
doubtless were made for the use of the city.
This city is famous in sacred history, for be
ing honoured with the presence of St. Paul ;
and on account of his having here converted
Sergiu's, the governor of the island, to Chris
tianity. There was anciently at New Paphos a
celebrated meeting, once a year for the wor
ship of Venus.
Baffin's Bay, gulf, N. America, so called from.
Baffin, an Englishman, who discovered it in
1616; extending about 750 miles from E. to W.
and 180 from N. to S. Lon. 45. to 85. W, Lat.
70. to 79. N. nearly.
Baffou, see Bafa.
Bafireh, t. A. Turkey, in Aladulia, on the
Black Sea; 25 NW. Samsoun.
Bafing, r. S. branch of the Senegal, Africa.
Bafrush, t. Persia, Mazanderan ; 14 E. Amol.
Baga, t. Spain, in Catalonia, anciently a
town of the Iliturges, and called Bergusia, si
tuated in a mountainous countiy, near the
Lobregat; 16 NE. Solsona.
Baga, t. Africa, in Bulam, on the Sherbro ;
Lon. 10. 30. W. Lat. 7. 30. N.
Baga Rey, small isl. near E. coast of Luf-on %
Lon. 124. 5. E. Lat. 13.27. N.
Bagachumpa, t. Bengal ; 18 S. Palamow.
Bagacum, now Bavay.
Bagaduce Point, cape in Penobscot Bay, on
the coast of Maine.
Bagalaen, km. Java, E. of Sookapoora.
Bagahaut, t. Bengal ; 14 NW. Nulski.
Bagamanog, small isl. in N. Pacific Ocean.
Lon. 124. 39. E. Lat. 14. 18. N.
Bagan, t. Eu. Turkey, inServia; 20 N. Nissa.
Baganga, t. Mindanao, situated on E. coast ;
Lon. 126. 10. E. Lat. 7. 27. N.
Baganza, r. Italy, which joins the river Par
ma, at the city of Parma.
Baganzola, t. Italy, in Parma, on the river
Parma ; 4 N. Parma.
Bagaroo, t. Hind., in Agimere, 10 S. by W
Jyenagur. Bagaskar, small isl. ingulf of Bothnia, on E.
coast; Lon. 21. 13. E. Lat. 61. 48. N.
Bagal, t. France ; 3 W. Paris.
Bagata, one of the smaller Philippine isl
ands, near S. coast of Lucon. Lon. 123. 38. E
Lat. 12. 57. N.
Bagbat, t. Hind., in Sehaurunpour ; 32 SW.
Merat. Baggar, t. in Bahar ; 27 SSE. Bahar.
Bagdad, or Arabian Irak, or Irak Arabi, (an.
Babylonia and Chaldea,) pachalic, A. Turkey,
a great part of it included between the Eu
phrates and Tigris. Its extent and boundaries
are indefinite ; in its most extensive sense it
includes the pachalic of Mosul, and is 840
miles long, and 630 broad. In a more limited
sense it is about 450 miles long and 350 broad
Sq. m. about 85,000. Pop. estimated at up
wards of 1,000,000. ft has Curdistan N., Persia

BAG

122

BAG

E., Arabia SW., and the desert of Al-Gezira, or
the pachalics of Ourfa and Mosul NW. Chief
cities, Bagdad and Bassora. Many parts of it
consist of fine fertile land, watered by the Eu
phrates and Tigris, and their tributary streams ;
but a great portion is barren. It is subject to
Turkey, bnt its political condition is extremely
unsettled ; and the husbandman is exposed to
have the fruits of his labour torn from him by
lawless banditti.
Bagdad, city, A. Turkey, capital of the above
pachalic, on both sides of the Tigris, but chief
ly on the eastern bank ; 210 S. by E. Mosul,
300 NNW. Bassora, 1,350 E. Constantinople.
Lon. 44. 25. E. Lat. 33. 20. N. Pop. variously
estimated by different travellers at different
times ; by Tavernier in 1652, at only 15,000 ;
others more recently at 60, 80, and 90,000 ; an
English officer in 1797, at 100,000; Heude in
1817, at 200,000. Hassel and Malte-Brun state
it 80,000; 50,000 Arabs, 25,000 Turks, 2,500
Jews, and 1,500 Christians.
It is of an oblong form, about 1,500 paces in
length by 800 in breadth ; surrounded by a
high brick wall, 4 or 5 miles, or according to
Heude, 7 miles in circuit. The houses are ge
nerally of brick, mostly of only one story, very
se|dom of more than two ; having no windows
towards the streets. The houses of the wealthy
are handsome, having windows of Venetian
glass, with ornamented ceilings. The streets
are unpaved and dirty, and so narrow that 2
horsemen can scarcely pass each other abreast.
There are few ancient edifices, and the city,
notwithstanding its celebrity, is rather meanly
built, much inferior to many others in the east.
It is still however a place of great wealth and
trade, and a noted emporium for the products
of Arabia, India, and Persia, as well as for ma
ny European manufactures. The bazars consist
of a magnificent display of 1,200 shops, where
every description of eastern merchandize may
be found. Its principal manufactures are red
and yellow leather, much esteemed ; also silk,
cotton, and woollen stuffs. It supplies all Asia
Minor, Syria, and part of Europe, with Indian
commodities, which are imported at Bassora,
transported up the Tigris in boats to Bagdad,
thence in caravans to Tocat, Constantinople,
Aleppo, Damascus, Sic. There is a great resort
of passengers hither, either for purposes of
commerce, orto visit the tombs of saints, among
which is that of the prophet Ezekiel. The
baths and coffee houses are well frequented.
The climate is agreeable and generally healthy,
but extremely hot in summer.
Bagdad is called by the Greeks Irenopolis,
and is supposed to have been built on the site
of ancient Selucia. It was founded by the ca
liph Abu Jaafar Almansor, in 766, and it con
tinued the seat of the caliphs, and the capital
of the Moslem empire about 500 years. In the
9th century, the famous Al Raschid reigned
here, and under the auspices of his queen Zo-
beida and the vizier Jaffer Barmakead, so cel
ebrated in eastern story, it rose to splendour
and renown ; and it became one of the largest
and most magnificent cities in the world, and
is said to have contained 2,000,000 inhabitants.
In 1258 it was taken by Hulaku, the grandson of

Jenghis Khan, who abolished the caliphate. In
1638 it was besieged by the Turkish emperor,
Amurath IV., with an army of 300,000 men,
and after capitulation the city was given up to
plunder, and a great proportion of the inhabi
tants were put to the sword. From this period
it has greatly declined in extent and magnify
cence. Bagdad, t. Imiretta; 40 E. Cotatis.
Bage le Chalel, t. France, in Ain ; 9 S. Pont
de Vaux. Pop. 653.
Bageau, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of France ; Lon. 6. 26. E. Lat. 43. N.
Bagelewang, small isl. among the Calaur Isl
ands. Lon. 120. 38. E. Lat. 6. 25. S.
Bdgendon Head, cape, Ireland, in the Atlan
tic on S. coast of the county of Wexford. Lon.
6. 52. W. Lat. 52. 9. N.
Bagendon, or Baggtnton, v. Eng., in Glouces
ter; 3 N. Cirencester.
Bagera, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 14 SSE.
Harran. Bagerasson, t. Hind., in Allahabad, on the
Ganges. 30 E. Gazypour.
Bagerwan, t. Turkish Armenia; 10 NNE.
Racca. Bagesa, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris; 38
NW. Bagdad.
Baggai, (an. Bagasi,) t. Africa, in Algiers';
48 SSE. Constantina.
Baggur, t. Hind., Bahar ; 20 SSE. Bahar.
Baggholm, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia.
nearW. coast; Lon. 21. 42. E. Lat. 65. 20. N.
Bagginton, v. Eng., in Warwickshire ; 3 miles
from Coventry.
Baggoah, t. Bengal ; 8 ENE. Oliapour.
Bagh Wuffa, t. Asia, in Cabul, on the Ka
meh ; 55 SE. Cabul.
Bagliermi, see Begarmee.
Bagllilan, t. Persia, Chorosan ; 60 NE. Herat.
Baghpul, t.Hind., in Delhi ; 18 N. Delhi.
Bagia, t. Persia, in Faristan ; 120 NE. Schiras.
Bagis-ab, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 15 N. Meschid.
Bagitan, t. Persia, Segestan ; 1 10 N. Zareng.
Bagiura, or Badjoura, t. Egypt, with a Bar
bour for boats, on the Nile, supposed by some
to be the ancient Diospolis ; 25 S. Girge.
Baglana, countiy, India, situated between
Arungabad, Guzerat, and Candeish. It is ex
ceedingly mountainous, but fertile in many
places. Bagluar, t. Bengal ; 6 E. Dinagepour.
Bagmulty, r. which rises in the hills north of
Catmandu, flows southerly, eriters the province
of Bahar, and after a course of about 300 miles
falls into the Ganges, a few miles below Mong-
hier. Bagna, t. Eu. Turkey, Servia; 20 NE.Parakih.
Bagna di Acqua, t. Tuscany ; 15 E. Leghorn.
It is celebrated for its warm baths.
Bagna Cavello, t. Italy, States of the Church,
oh the Seno ; 24 SSE. Ferrara.
Bagnagar, see Hydrabad.
Bagnalet, t. Fi'ance, in Seine; 3 E. Paris.
Bdgnaluka, see Banjaluka.
Bagntira, s-p. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, des
troyed by an earthquake in the year 1783. 14
W. Oppid'o. Pop. 5,000.
Bagnatea, t. Popedom, Patrimonio ; 6 S. Or-
vieto. Lon. 12. 10. E. Lat. 42. 38. N. Bp. see-.

BAH

128

BAH

Bagneres de Luchon, t. France, in Upper-Ga
ronne, near the source of the river Garonne,
at the foot of the Pyrenees ; 7 S. St. Gaudens,
60 SW. Toulouse. Pop. 1,256. It has some
medicinal springs.
Bagneres en Bigorre, t. France, and principal
place of a district, in Higher-Pyrenees, on the
Adour ; 10 S. Tarbes, 25 SE. Pau. Lon. 0. 14.
E. Lat. 43. 4. N. Pop. "5,656. It is celebrated
for its baths and mineral waters, which are
much frequented in spring and autumn.
Bagneux, t. France ; 4. SW. Paris.
Bagni, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania. 40 W.
Filippopoli. Bagni, t. Naples, in Lavora; 9 S. Sezza.
Bagni, or Aqua, t. Tuscany; 15 E. Leghorn.
Bagni, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, on the
river Vardar ; 44. NNE. Acrida.
Bagni delta Porretrft, ,t. Italy, in Bologna, cel
ebrated for its baths ; 18 S. Bologna.
Bagno,t. Tuscany ; 28 ENE. Florence.
Bagnola, t. Italy ; 8 S. Brescia.
Bagnolas, (an. Aqua Voconis,) t. Spain, in
Catalonia ; 10 NNW. Gerona.
Bagnols, t. France, in Gard ; 6 S. Point St.
Esprit. Pop. 4,800.
Bagnols les Bains, t. France, in Lozere ; 8
E. Mende. Pop. 323.
Bagnatan, r. Lucon, which runs into the Chi
nese Sea. Lon. 120. 45. E. Lat. 17. 15. N.
Bagnouwangie, a Dutch port and settlement
in the straits of Bali, at the eastern extremity of
Java. Lon. 114. 20. E. Lat. 8. 15. N.
Bagnuolo, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra ;
12 W. Conza. Pop. 4,509.
Bago, t. on W. coast of the island of Negros ;
Lon. 122. 54. E. Lat. 11. N.
Bagolino, t. Aust, Italy ; 24 N. Brescia.
Bagoncotty, t. Thibet ; 15 S. Gangotri.
Bagone, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 6 N. Ou-
dighir. Baganguenou, two of the Lacadive islands,
in the E. Indian Sea, lying near each other.
Lon. 71. 56. E. Lat. 11. N.
Bagm-a, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 20 NNW. Chu-
prah. Lon. 84. 41. E. Lat. 26. 2. N.
Bagoros, r. Brasil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 22. 5. S.
Bagrada, or Bagradas, now Mejerdah.
Bagroo, r. Africa, which rises in Guinea, and
runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 11. 40. W. Lat. 7.
40. N.
Bagru, t. Hind., in Agimere; 20 SW. Jy-
epour. Bagszelar, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria; 20
NE. Ternova, 42 SSE. Ruscek.
Baguan, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, nearN.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 118. 39. E. Lat. 6. 2. N.
Bagui, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 20 W. Nolo.
Bagupour, t. Guzerat ; >27 E. Surat
JBagusrow, t. Hind., G,uzerat ; 18 E. Junagar.
Bah, t. Hind., in Agra ; 30 SE. Agra.
Baha, t. Nubia ; 50 SE. Sennaar.
Bahai, pr. Brazil, S. the St. Francisco.
Bahalalolis, small isl. E. Indian Sea, nearE.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 18.21. E. Lat. 5. 45. N.
Bahamas, or Lucaya Islands, in the Atlantic
near E. coast of N. A. One of which was the
first land discovered by Columhus, on the island
called by the Indians Guanahani ; Columbus

gave it the name of St. Salvador. There are a
great number of these islands ; some say 500,
but many of them are mere rocks, and others,
on account of the difficulty of the navigation,
little known. The principal are Bahama, Eleu-
thera, , Abaco, Yuma or Exuma, Providence,
Guanahani. They are in general fertile, with a
soil similar to South Carolina. Lon. 73. to8l.
W. Lat 22. to 27. N. These islands, in 1773,
contained 2,052 whites, and 2,241 blacks ; and
in 1803, 14,318, including 11,395 blacks and
people of colour. — The Moravians have 4 mis
sionaries in these islands.
Bahama, the chief of the Bahama islands,
which gives name to the whole, 63 miles long,
and about 9 wide ; 57 miles from the coast of E.
Florida. Lon. 78. 10. to 80. 24. W. Lat. 26. 4<).
to 27. 5. N. Though this island is well watered,
the soil fertile, and the air serene, yet it is in
habited only by few people, who subsist by sel
ling necessaries to ships, which the currents
drive on their coasts. It formerly produced
guajacum, sarsaparilla, and red wood ; all
which the Spaniards are said to have destroyed.
Bahama Straits, the narrow sea between the
coast of America, and the Bahama islands, 135
m. long, and 46 broad; generally called and
better known by the name of Gulf of Florida.
Bahama Bank, (Great) a sand extending from
near (he island of Cuba, Lat. 22. 20 to the Ba
hama islands, Lat. 25. 15. N.
Bahama Bank, (Little,) a sand, which lies to
the N. of the island of Bahama.
Bahar, pr. Hind., bounded E.by Bengal, N.
by Nepal and Morung, S. by Orissa, and W. by
Oude and Allahabad. Lon. between 84. and
88. E. Lat. between 22. and 27. N. Pop. es
timated at 5,800,000 ; 3 Hindoos to 1 Mahome
tan. Sq. m. 51,973, of which about 26,000 are
plain arable ground. It is one of the most
fertile, highly cultivated, and populous coun
tries of Hindostan ; producing grain, sugar,
tobacco, cotton, rice, opium, betel, saltpetre,
timber, Sic It is now divided into 7 collect-
orships, Bahar, Proper, Bhagulpore, Jungle,
Mahals, Ramghur, Sarun, Shahabad, and Tir-
hoot Chief town, Patna.
Balmr, district, Hind., in the province of Ba
har, bounded N. by the Ganges, E. by Monghir,
S. by Ramgur, and Monghir, and W. by the
Saone. Sq. m. 6,680.
Bahar, t. Hind., capital of the above district ;
30 SE. Patna, 220 NW. Calcutta. Lon. 85. 45.
E. Lat. 25. 14. N. It is remarkable for the
number of magnificent funeral monuments.
Bahar, t Hind., in Oude ; 22 N. Manickpour.
Baliar,^ or Bazer,_ t. Persia, in Kerman ; 40
SE. Sirgian.
Baharbond, pr. or circar, Bengal, bounded E.
by Rangamatty, and Curribarry, S. by Patla-
dah, W. by Rungpour and Bajoohow; about
25 miles long, and 16 broad. Oliapour is the
chief town.
Baharow, t. Bengal, in Birboom ; 8 N. Na-
gore. Bahary, t. Nubia; 15 NE. Sennaar.
Bahas,.t. Arabia, in Yemen, Red Sea; 16
NNW. Loheia. Lat 15. 59./N.
Baliatrically, t. Cochin, with a pagoda ; 23
SSE. Cochin. X S '

BAH

124

Bah

Bahawlapdre, city, Cabulistan, 4 miles in cir
cuit ; the walls and houses are built of unburst
brick. It is famous for the manufacture of
silken girdles and turbans.
Bahbeit, see Balbeit.
Bahbelgong, t. Hind., in Baglana, on the Go-
da very ; 60 E. Nassuck, 65 W. Aurungabad.
Lon. 74. 52. E. Lat. 19. 43. N.
Bahdergunge, t. Hind., in Oude, on the left
bank of the Ganges ; 6 NW. Manickpour.
Bahdergunge, t. Bengal ; 30 NNE. Purneah.
Bahdoreally, t. Bengal ; 13 SSE. Midnapour-
Bahdy, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 16 N. Jion-
pour. Bahhar Soudan, or Sea of Nigritia, large lake
or sea, said to be situated in the interior of Af
rica, SE. of the desert of Sahara. Lon. (of the
middle) 14 E. Lat. 15. N. It is represented as
very extensive, receiving the waters of many
large rivers.
Bahheret Lut, the Dead Sea, So called by the
Arabians. Bahhrein, cluster of islands in SW. corner of
the Persian gulf, near the coast of Arabia. Lon.
4S. E. Lat. 26. 45. N. The chief of these islands
are Aval, or Awal, otherwise called Bahhrein,
of which the chief towns are Bahhrein and Me
dina, Samahe, and Arad or Ennebi Salehh, be
sides several smaller. They have been long
celebrated for their pearl fishery, and are so
to this day.
Bahhrein, t. Aval, in the Persian gulf. Lon.
48. 20. E. ' Lat. 26. 34. N. The Persians come
hither to acquire the Arabian language, so that
it is called the university of the Shutes. It is
fortified, and contains a garrison.
Bahhrein, see Aval.
Bahia, or Baliia de Todos Santos, pr. Brazil,
so named from the bay on which its capital, St.
Salvador, is situated. Sq. m. stated at 72,822.
Pop. 550,000. Sugar and coffee are raised in
large quantities, and the soil is esteemed the
best in Brazil for the growth of the sugar cane.
Bahia, pr. Lucon or Manilla, which takes its
name from a lake so called, 90 m. in circ.
Bahia das Aldeas, bay of the Atlantic, on W.
coast of Africa. Lat. 15. 50. S.
Bahia de Corbes, see Philippine Bay.
Bahia Farta, bay of the Atlantic, on W. coast
of Africa ; 10 S. Benguela.
Bahia Honda, see Honda.
Bahia sin Fondo, see Bottomless Bay.
Bahia Longa, bay on W. coast of Africa.
Lat. 10. 46. S.
Bahia de Todos Santos, see All-Saints Bay.
Bahia da Torre, bay of the Atlantic, onW.
coast of Africa. Lat. 11. 50. S.
Bahikand, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 15 W. Nes-
sapour. Bahira, or Rif the northern district of Egypt,
which extends from the division of the Nile
into the E. and W. branches, on both sides to
the Mediterranean. The principal towns are
Alexandria, Rosetta, Damietta, Menuf, Man-
soura, Tineh, Catieh, and Faoua.
Bahlingen, t. Wurtemberg, on the Eyach;
10 NE. Rothweil, 36 S. Stuttgart. Lon. 8. 53
E. Lat. 48. 16. N. Pop. 2,637.
Bahlingen, t. Baden, in the district of Hoch-
berg. Pop. 1,842.

Bahmor, t. Bengal ; 21 NW. Dinagepour. ¦
Bahn, or Bahnen, t. Hinder Pomerania ; 20
SSW. Stargard, 32 N. Custrin. Lon. 14: 50. E,
Lat. 53. 10. N. Pop. 1,468.
Bahoo, t Hind., in Lahore ; 15 SE. Jummoo.
Bahooan, small isl. in the Soolo Archipelago.
Lon. 120. 58. E. Lat. 6. 9. N.
Bahoor, t. Carnatic ; 8 S. Pondicherry.
Balvr el Abiad, 1. e. the White River, r. Africa,
which from the length of its course as well as
the magnitude of its stream, seems justly en
titled to the long disputed honour of being con
sidered as the head of the Egyptian Nile. It
rises from the mountains of the Moon, several
hundred miles S. of Dar-Fur, and unites with
the Abyssinian branch in Lat. 16. N. See Nile.
Bahr el Azrek, or Blue River, the Abyssinian
branch of the Nile, which rises from two foun
tains, near Geesh, in the countiy of Agows,
whence it flows into lake Dembea. Emerging
from the lake, it sweeps in nearly a semicircu
lar course round the province of Damot and
Gojam ; then flows in a northerly direction
through Sennaar, till at Wed Holgela, in Lat.
16 N. it unites with the Bahr el Abiad. After
passing lake Dembea the river has a cataract
at Alata, where it is precipitated from the
height of above 40 feet. This river is consider
ed by Bruce and others as the head of the
Egyptian Nile. ">
Bahr Balame, or Bahr Bellomah, i. e. Sea.
without Water, valley, Egypt, in which is sup
posed to have been a canal of communication
between, lake Mseris and lake Mareotis. In this
valley eagle stones are found ; and the rocks
appear in such shapes, that the inhabitants say
they are petrified ships.
Bahr Ibn Minghi, see Sheib lake.
Bahr Joseph, see Kalits il Minlii.
Bahr el Sowda, the lake of Antioch.
Bahra, t. Bengal, in Palamow ; 20 NNE. Pi'
lamow. Bahrabad, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 10 N,
Sebsvar. Bahraitch, pr. Oude, bounded N. by Thibet,
E. by Goorackpour, S. by Oude Proper, and
W. by Kairabad, from both last of which it is
separated by the Dewah or Gogra ; about 120
miles long, and 70 broad. Bahraitch, or Bur-
riage, is the capital.
Bahraitch, t. Bengal, and capital of a circar
in Oude ; 52 NW. Fyzabad, 236 ESE. Delhi.
Lon. 82. E. Lat. 27. N.
Bahrn, or Beraun, t. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 14
NE. Olmutz.
Bahrenburg, t. Hanover, in the county of
Hoya, on the Suhlingen ; 14 WSW. Hoya
Pop. 548.
Bahry, t. Hind., in Agra ; 9 N. of the Chum-
bul. Lon. 77. 35. E. Lat. 26. 47.-N. The streets
are narrow, but many of the houses, which are
built of red stone, are of two stories, and the
town is of some consequence.
Bahugotty, t. Hind., in Moultan; 10 HE.
Toulumba. Bahus, see Bohus.
Bahus, r. France, which runs into the Adour,
3 miles above St. Sever.
Bahysawanny, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 15 g.'
Jalour,

BAI

125

BAT

'' Baja, t. Hungary, capital of the county of
Bacs, on the Danube; 50 NNW. Peter Wardein,
83 S. Buda. Top. 4,896.
Baia, or Baias, or Baja, (an. Baia,) t Naples,
Campania, now Lavora, 2 W. Pozzuolo, 11 W.
Naples. It is situated in a bay of the gulf of
Naples, and celebrated as one of the most de
licious places in Italy, or according to Horace,
in the world. The port was deep and shelter
ed from winds, and the town built close to it,
¦ on the sea shore. Nothing remains of the town
but some low cottages, and the pavement of a
street extending along the shore.
Baiabad, t Natolia ; 28 SE. Kastamoni.
Baiac, t. Natolia ; 30 SE. Kiutaja.
Bajapour, t Hind., in Ba,glana, on the Goda-
very ; 20 E. Bahbelgong.
Baia, now Paias.
Baias, see Aias.
Bajazid, (an. Sigua,) city, Turkish Armenia;
50 SSW. Erivan, 140 E. Erzerum. Lon. 43. 45.
E. Lat. 39. 24. N. Pop. 18,000. H. 3,500. It
is situated on the declivity of a mountain, the
summit of which is strongly fortified. The city
is surrounded by a wall, and ramparts, and con
tains 3 mosques, 2 churches, and a celebrated
monastery. Baibachta, t. Siberia, on the river Irtisch ; 72
NW. Tara.
Baibai, t. on W. coast of the island of Leyta.
Lon. 124. 40. E. Lat. 10. 42. N.
Baibazar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the
Sakaria; 40 S. Boli, 46 W. Angora. Lon. 32.
19. E. Lat. 39. 48. N.
Baiboul, t Turkish Armenia ; 45 S. Trebi
sond. Baibourdi, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Black
Sea; 45 N. Erzerum, 75 ESE. Trebisond. Lon.
40. 51. E. Lat. 40. 41. N.
Baiburt, t. Turkish Armenia ; 70 SE. Trebi
sond. Baicha, two rivers of Siberia, so called,
which run into the Turacham ; one 32, the other
56 NW. Turuchansk.
Baideali, valley, Egypt, in the great road
from Cairo to Suez, which Dr. Shaw thinks
was the road which the children of Israel took
in their departure from Egypt. Suez is situated
at the N. extremity.
Baidhi, t. Arabia, in Hedjas ; 30 NW. Vadil-
kova. Baidyanaih, t. Kemaoon. Lon. 79. 40. E.
Lat 29. 56. N. It contains only 8 or 10 houses,
and derives its name from a large temple now
in a ruinous condition.
Baidschen, t. Prussia, in Gumbinnen, on N.
side of the Pissa ; 4 E. Gumbinnen. '
Baie Francaise, see French Bay.
Bajember, see Begember.
Bajera, t. A. Turkey,Diarbekir ; 30 SSE. Orfa.
Bajetpour, t. Bengal ; 26 ENE. Calcutta.
Bajetpour, t Bengal ; 42 NE. Dacca.
Bajetpour, t. Bengal ; 20 ENE. Nagore.
Baigar, t. Asia, Gaur ; 45 NW. Bamian.
Baignes, t. France, in Charente ; 8 S. Bar-
besieux. Pop. 420.
Baigneaux-les-Juifs, t. France, in C6te-d'Or ;
15 NE. Semur en Auxois. Pop. 491.
Baigumgunge, t. Hind., in Oude ; 20 W. Fy-
zabad.

Bajitpour, t. Hind., in Bahar; 60 ESE. Hajy-
pour. Lon. 86. 26. E. Lat. 25. 22. N.
Baikal, lake, or inland sea, Siberia ; 360
miles long froni SW.to NE., and from 20 to 53
in breadth, interspersed with islands. Lon.
104. to 110. E. Lat. 51. 20. to 55. 20. N. It
contains a great many fish, particularly stur
geons, pikes, and sea-dogs. In the environs
are several sulphurous springs, and in one part,
near the mouth of the river Barguzin, it dis
charges a kind of pitch which the inhabitants
purify. The water is sweet, transparent, and
appears at a distance green like the sea. It re
ceives the. waters of the Upper Angara, Selin-
ga, Barguzin, and other rivers, but the Lower
Angara is the only one by which it seems to
discharge its waters.
Nothing can be conceived more interesting
and magnificent than this lake. Those who
have visited it, seem at a loss for language
adequate to describe the feelings which it ex
cites, when first beheld. It is enclosed by rug
ged mountains, and the sublime scenery around
strikes every beholder with astonishment and
awe. At some seasons it is so agitated by vio
lent storms, that in the tremendous roaring of
its billows, it equals the mighty ocean, while at
others, the clearness of its unruffled bosom em
ulates the lustre of the finest mirror.
Baikal Mountains, high and craggy mountains
extending from N. to S. on both sides of Lake
Baikal. Some of them are so high as to be
clad with_eternal snows. They abound in val
uable minerals.
Baikalova, t. Russia, in Kolivan; 112 SSE-
Abakansk. Bailaean, t. Persia, in Adirbeitzan,' rebuilt by
Timur Bee ; 100 N. Tabris.
Bailan, t. Syria, built on the declivity of two
mountains ; 9 E. Alexandretta, 20 N. Antioch.
The houses are so disposed that the terraces of
the lower, serve as streets and courts to those
above. It lies on the road from Alexandretta
to Aleppo, and is much commended for the
salubrity of its air.
Bailden, t. Eng., in the West Riding of York
shire ; 3 N. Bradford. Pop. 2,073.
Bailest, t. Walachia, on the Danube ; 30 SE.
Viddin. Bailey's Creek, r. Virginia, which runs into
James River. Lon. 77. 27. W. Lat. 37. 14. N.
Bailleau VEvtque, t. France, in Eure-and-
Loire ; 4 NW. Chartres. ~-
BailUe, t. France, in Mayenne ; 13 NE. Cha-
teaugontier. Pop. 763.
Bailleul, t. France, in North ; 9 ESE. Cassel,
13 WNW. Lille. Pop. 8,944. It was formerly
fortified, but is now without defence.
Bailleul, t. France, in Channel, district of
Mortain.-<H. 400.
Bailleul, t. France, in Oise ; 8 NNE. Cler
mont. Bailleul, t. France, Sarte ; 6 NW. La Fleche.
Bailuna, t. Hind., in Mysore. Lon. 76. 3. E.
Lat. 12. 55. N. It has a good fort, with a sub
urb containing above 600 houses.
Bailyborough, or Bailieborough, t. Ireland, in
Cavan ; 14 SE. Cavan, 42 NW. Dublin. It is
celebrated for a lake or pool on the summit of
a mountain, in its neighbourhood, remarkable
for the antiscorbutic virtues of its water.

BAI

126

BAK

Baillyburg, t. Sweden, in Westmannland.
Baimalpour, t. Hind., in Visiapour; 14 E. Sat-
tarah. Bain, t. France, principal place of a district
in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 16 S.Rennes,24 SW.Vitre.
Lon. 1. 36. W. Lat. 47. 50. N. Pop. 3,447.
Bain Gonga, r. Hind., which runs into the
Godavery, in the Nizam's country. Lon. 80. 15.
E. Lat. 18. 48. N. ,
Bainbridge, formerly Jericho, p-t. Chenango
eo. N. Y.; 20 S. Norwich, 120 WSW. Albany,
W. 329. Fop. 2,290.
Bainbridge, p-t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint
Creek; 18 WSW. Chillicothe, W. 425. Pop.
146. It contains a forge, some mills, and about
25 dwelling houses.
Bainbridge, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 190.
Bainder, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 44E.Boli.
Baindt, t. Wurt., on the Schufs ; 6 NNE. Ra-
vensburg. Lon. 9. 42. E. Lat. 47. 54. N. Pop.
195. Baine, r. Eng., in Lincolnshire, which passes
by the towns of Horncastle, Tattersal, Sic, and
joins the Welland near the last mentioned town.
Bainette, t. Piedmont, on the Orobio ; 6 SE.
Coni, 8 WSW. Mondovi.
Bains, t. France, in Vosges ; 7 W. Plombiers,
9 SE. Darney. Pop. 1,790.
Bajo de Comboi, small isl. in the Caribbean
Sea. Lon. 77. 36. W. Lat. 15. 26. N.
Bajo Nuevo, small isl. in the Caribbean Sea.
Lon. 78. 36. W. Lat. 15. 54. N.
Bajolo, canal formed of a branch of the Min-
cio, which surrounds the city of Mantua.
Baionna, see Bayona.
Bajoohow, pr. Bengal, bounded NE. by Rung-
pour, E. by Baharbund, and elsewhere by Go-
ragot ; about 13 miles long, and 10 broad. Ja-
lalgunge is the chief town.
Baipia, t. New Mexico, in New Navarre ;
165 SW. Casa Grande.
Baird's Forge, p-v. Burke co. N. C. ; W. 507.
Baird's Tavern, p-v. Buckingham co. Va. ;
W. 202.
Bairdslown, p-t. and cap. Nelson co. Ken
tucky, on Beech Fork river ; 40 SW. Frankfort,
60 WSW. Lexington, W. 615. Lon. 86. 10. W.
Lat. 37. 49. N. Pop. in 1810, 820. It is a flour
ishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail,
a market-house, a church, and a bank.
Bairout, or Bayreuth, (an. Berytus, and Colo
nia Felix Julia,) s-p. Syria, in the pachalic of
Acre. Lon. 35. 32. E. Lat. 33. 45. N. Pop. va
riously stated at 7, 8, and 10,000; of whom
3,000 are Turks, the rest Druses, Maronites,
Greek schismatics, and Arabs. This city was
anciently a place of study, more especially of
the civil law. It is situated over the sea, on a
gentle rising ground, on N. side of a broad pro
montory. The gardens on the hanging ground
over it, have a beautiful appearance.
The port of Bairout is choaked up with sands
and ruins. The town is surrounded by a wall,
the soft and sandy stone of which may be
pierced by a cannon-ball without breaking or
crumbling. It is the emporium to which the
Druses and Maronites send their products; it
has been considered the chief town of the ,
Druses, though a Turkish garrison is maintained '
in it

Baise, r. France, which runs into the Ga
ronne, near Aiguillon.
Baisan, (an. Bethshan, and Scythopolis,) t,
Palestine, on W. side of the Jordan ; 40 N.
Jerusalem. Bait, t. Hind., in Oude ; 30 W. Fyzabad.
Bailnah, t. Algiers ; 50 miles Constantina.
Baitsida, (an. Betlmaida,) t. Palestine, about
2 miles from the lake of Tiberias; 22 ESE.
Acre. Here are ruins of a large cistern, a church,
and other buildings.
Baix, t. France, in Ardeche ; 7 SE. Privas.
Baiza, t. Persia, Farsistan ; 25 NE. Schiraz.
Baize, t. Tyrol ; 8 S. Trent.
Baize, see Baise.
Bajutpour, t Mahratta territories j 30 S. Au-
gein. Bakal, t. Russia, in Upha ; 96 WNW. Upha.
Bakan, large t. Asia, in Burmah, or Ava, sit
uated on the river Ava.
Bake-Bake, country, Africa, dependent on
Anziko. Baker, t. Africa, in Dongola, on the left bank
of the Nile ; 27 WSW. Dongola.
Baker's Falls, on the Hudson, between Kings
bury and Moreau, 52 miles above Albany. The
descent is 76 feet within 60 rods.
Baker's Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Maine. Lon. 70. 47. W. Lat 44
34. N.
Baker's Island, isl. Mass., off Salem harbour,
opposite Manchester, three eights of a mile
long ; 5 ENE. Salem. There is a light house
on the north end.
Baker's River, r. N. H. which runs SE. into
the Merrimack, in Plymouth.
Bakersfield, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 48 NNW.-'
Montpelier, W. 526. Pop. 945.
Bakersville, p-v. Patrick co. Va. ; 14 miles
from Henry C. H. ; W. 321.
Bakergan, t. Asia, in Karasm, on the Jihoh ;
115 SE. Urkonje.
Bakeu, or Bakow, t. Eu. Turkey, in Molda
via, on the Bistritea ; 60 SW. Jassy, 135 N. Bu
charest. Lon. 26.32. E. Lat. 46. 36. N. Bp.see.
Bakewell, (an. Badecanwyllam,) t. Eng., in
Derby, near the river Wye ; 25 N. Derby, 151
N. London. Pop. 1,412. It has a weekly mar
ket on Mondays.
Bakipour, t. Hind., on the Indus ; 22 W. Moul
tan. Bakolarz, t. Rus., Wilna; 44.NW. Grodno.
Bakon, large forest, Hungary, near Vespriq,
where Andrew, king of Hungary, in a battle
against his brother, was forsaken by his follow
ers, thrown down and trodden to death by his
enemies. Bakos, r. Grand Bukharia, which joins with
others to form the Harrat.
Bakou, t. Persia, In Segestan ; 15 E. Siabe.
Bakovar, see Valkovar.
Bakras, t. Sennaar ; 20 SE. Sennaar.
Bakscisarai, see Bacca-Serai.
Baksaskaia, fortress, Russian Tartary, in Cau
casus, on W. side of the Ural; 32 N.Gurev.
Bakteghian, lake, Persia, in Farsistan ; 45 E>
Schiras. Baku, or Baccou, (an. Geetara,) t. Persia, in
Schirvan, on E. coast of the Caspian Sea, in
the possession of Russia since 1801 j 45 E;

BAL

127

BAL

Scamachie. Lon. 59. E. Lat. 40. 20. N. Pop.
about 8,000. Here ships can lie moored head
and stern, with their heads to the sea, 40 fath
oms off the Shore, within the command of two
strong bastions, as also by the side of the wall
of the northermost bastion. It is defended by
a double wall, of which the inmost is lofty, for
a Persian fortification. It has also a ditch and re
doubts, which last constitute the greatest part of
its strength. As all the country here is impreg
nated with salt and surphur, the water, though
esteemed wholesome, is veiy unpleasant The
neighbourhood of this city supplies Ghilan and
Mazanderan, and other countries contiguous,
With rock-salt, brimstone, and naptha. It is the
only place near the Caspian Sea that produces
saffron, for which it is famous.
What is commonly called the everlasting fire,
near Baku, before which the Guebres offer their
supplications, is a phaenomenon of a very ex
traordinary nature, in some measure peculiar
to this country. This object of devotion to the
Guebres, lies about 10 NE. by E. Baku, on dry,
rocky land. There are several ancient temples
built with stone, supposed to have been dedi
cated to fire ; most of them are arched vaults,
not above 10 or 15 feet high. Amongst others
there is a temple in which the Indians now
worship : near the altar is a large hollow cane,
about 3 feet high, from the end of which issues
a blue flame, in colour and gentleness not un
like a lamp that burns With spirits, but seem
ingly more pure. These Indians affirm, that
this flame has continued ever since the flood,
and they believe that it will last to the end of
the world ; and that if it was resisted or sup
pressed in that place, it would rise in some
other. Here are generally 40 or 50 of these
poor devotees, who come on a pilgrimage from
their own countiy.
The earth round this place, for above two
miles, has this surprising property, that by tak
ing up 2 or 3 inches of the surface, and apply
ing a live coal to the part which H so uncover
ed, it immediately takes fire, almost before the
coal touches the earth : the flame makes the
soil hot, but does not consume it, nor affect
what is near it with any degree of heat. Any
quantity of this earth carried to another part,
does not produce this effect. — This town is now
in the possession of the Russians, by whom it
was taken in 1801.
Bala, t. North Wales, in Merioneth, near a
lake called Pemble Meer, or Pool of Bala, and
fcy the natives Lhin Tegid; 26 NW. Welsh-
Fool, 195 NW. London. Pop. 2,000. It is a
town of good trade for stockings, flannels, and
corn, with a market on Saturday. The assizes
are kept here and at Dolgelly alternately.
Balaba, t. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 4. 10.
W. Lat. 13. 35. N.
Balabac, island, in E. Indian Sea, 15 miles in
length from N. to S. about 6 broad. Lon. 117.
12. E. Lat. 7.59. N. Pop. about 300.
Bdlabagan, see (Little) Paternosters.
Balachna, t Russia, in Nizegorod, on W. side
of the Volga ; 120 ESE. Petersburg. Lon. 43.
29. E. Lat. 56. 30. N. Pop. 2,978.
, Balaconda, t, Hind., in Golconda; 25 N, In-
delovoy.

Balad,t. A. Turkey, in Diarbelrir; 20 NW.
Mosul. Baladag, t. Circassia ; 50 ESE. Theodosia.
Balaganskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 30 NNW.
Irkutsk. Lon. 103. 14. E. Lat. 53. 45. N. It is
situated in a plain, well wooded and fertile.
The natives of the environs are by the Russians
called Bratsky, but they call themselves Buraty.
Balaghaut, i. e. Above the Ghauts, country,
Hind., above the Ghaut mountains, and be
tween the river Kistnah and Mysore. This
large portion of countiy is styled the Ceded
Districts, and was acquired by treaty with the-
nizam, Oct. 12, 1800 ; and is now divided into
rwo collectorships, Cuddapa and Bellary. Pop.
in 1806, 1,917,376.
Balaguer, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Se-
gra, at the foot of a sharp hill, in a fertile coun
try ; it contains one parish, and 4 convents ;
63 NW. Barcelona, 219 NE. Madrid. Lon. 0.
51. E. Lat 40. 59. N. Pop. 6,800.
Balaguiguan, t. on S. coast of the island Sa-
mar. Lon. 124. 52. E. Lat. 11. 35. N.
Balali, t. Bengal, 20 NNW. Dinagepour.
Balailiconda, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 9 S. Colar.
Balaklava, or Balakawa, or Baluclava, (an.
Portus Symbolontm, or Cembalo,) s-p. Russia,
in Taurida, on south coast of the Crimea,
with a harbour on the Black Sea ; called by
the Geonese Jamboli. Lon. 33. 14. E. Lat.
44. 35. N. Pop. 550. The harbour has deep
water, and affords excellent anchorage, se
cure in all kinds of weather.
Balam, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, near Que-
da. Lon. 99. E. Lat. 6. 35". N.
Balamalta, t. on the E. coast of Bourro. Lon.
126. 17. E. Lat. 3. 12. S.
Balalpour, t. Oude ; 30 SSE. Kairabad.
Balambangan, isl. in E. Indian Sea, about 16
miles long from NW. to SE. and from 3 to 6
broad. It is situated between Borneo and Min
danao. Lon. 117. 5. E. Lat. 7. 17. N.
Balambuan, or Balamboang, , op Palambuan,
countiy, on E. part of Java, governed by a king,
who is despotic. Lon. 114. 28. E. Lat. 8. 28. S.
It produces pepper, cotton, rice, Indian corn,
and fruit in great plenty. There are excellent
pastures, which feed a great number of horses',
antelopes, buffaloes, and oxen. The principal
town is of the same name, and is situated at the
bottom of the bay.
Balamgur, t Hind., in Delhi ; 30 S. Delhi.
Balamaut, t Walachia ; 38 NE. Bucharest.
Balanac, t. on W. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120.
48. E. Lat. 17. 12. N.
Balandang, t. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
119. 9. E. Lat. 2.38. S.
Balance, small isl. in the English Channel,
near the coast of France. Lon. 4. 53. W. Lat.
48. 25. N.
Balanea, now Banear.
Balanes, cape, E. of Iceland. Lat. 65. 19. N.
Balangas, t. on E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120.
59. E. Lat. 13. 48. N.
Balanipa, t on W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
119. 22. E. Lat. 2. 16. S.
Balantes, tribe of negroes Who inhabit a
country N. of the isle of Bussi, Africa. Lon. 17.
10. N. Lat. 12. S.
Balapow, t. Hind., in Oude ; 20 S. Kairabad.

BAL

128

BAL

Balarpour, t. Hind., in Berar ; 9 S. Khanda.
Balaruc, I. France, celebrated for its mine
ral springs, in Herault ; 12 Montpelier. Pop.
404. Balary, t. Sweden, in Smaland ; 16 E. Jon-
kioping. Balaschev, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the river
Koper; 9 W. Saratov, 664 SE. Petersburg.
Lon. 43. 14. E. Lat. 51. 55. N. Pop. 1,486.
Belasfaloa, or Blasenburg, t. Transylvania, in
the country of Weissemburg. Lon. 23. 55. E.
Lat. 46. 9. N. Pop. 4,000. Bp. see. Here is a
castle and a gymnasium.
Balasore, s-p. Hind., in Orissa, on the river
Gongahar, about 20 miles from its mouth, in
the bay of Bengal ; 104 SW. Calcutta. Lon. 87.
5. E. Lat. 21. 30. N. Pop. about 30,000. Bala
sore was formerly « flourishing port, but its
manufactory of Sanacs cloths is veiy much fal
len off both in quantity and quality. Ships gen
erally take pilots here to conduct them up the
Ganges. — This is a station of the London Mis
sionary Society.
Balassa- Gyarmath, t. Hungary, capital of Ne-
agrad, on the Ipoly. Lon. 19. 17. E. Lat. 48.
5. N. Pop. 4,286. It has a castle, 1 Lutheran,
1 Greek, and 1 Catholic church, and 1 syna
gogue. Balatam, volcanic mt. in Sumatra.
Balating, r. Brazil, which runs into the bay
of All-Saints.
Balatnah, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Black
Sea ; 5 S. Trebisond.
Balaton, see Platten-see.
Balaw, t. Prussia, in Pomerelia, on a lake ;
15 SSE. Marienburg.
Balayan, district, Lucon, with a town of the
.same name. Lon. 120. 47. E. Lat. 13. 57. N.
Balbadder, t. Hind., in Orissa ; 28 W. Bala
sore. Balbanon, see Babanon.
Balbastro, or Barbastro, t. Spain, in Aragon,
on the Vero, near its conflux with the Cinca ;
'30 ENE. Saragossa, 47 NW. Barcelona. Lon.
0. 4.E. Lat. 41. 54. N. Pop. 6,000. It is the see
of a bishop, whose diocess extends over 170
parishes, 8 convents, 14 hermitages, and 19
hospitals. Balbeck, (an. Heliopolis,) t. A. Turkey, in
Syria, at the foot of the Anti-Libanus ; 40
NNW. Damascus, 110 S. Aleppo. Lon. 36. 11.
E. Lat. 34. 1. N. It iscelebrated for its mag
nificent ruins. The town is surrounded by a
wall 4 miles in circuit. There are now to be
seen large remains of one of the most beauti
ful temples in the world, supposed to have been
dedicated to the worship of the sun ; both the
ancient and present names of the place, signi
fy the City of the Sun ; but by whom or when
built, is not accurately determined. 54 lofty
columns appear to have stood in one part of
the temple, of which only 6 now remain ; the
shaft of each is 54 feet long by nearly 22 in
circumference, and the total height, including
the pedestal and capital, is 72. In the time of
Augustus, it was a garrison town of the Ro
mans; and the present temple is said to have
been built by Antoninus Pius, instead of the an
cient one gone to decay. The inhabitants were
computed at 5,000 in 1751, who, in 1784, were

reduced to less than 1,200; poor and indolent,
cultivating a little cotton, maize, and water
melons, for their subsistence.
Balbeil or Baalbeil, or Bahbeit, t. Egypt, in
the Delta ; 7 SSW. Mansora. Here Dr. Pocock
saw remains of a temple of Isis.
Balcarry, v. Scotland, on S. coast of Kircud
bright, declared by act of parliament a free
port ; 10 ESE. Kircudbright.
Balch, r. Ger., which runs into the Rhine at
Cologne. Bachikanskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 140 NW.
Doroninsk. Balkhuysen, t. Pru., Cologne ; 9 W. Cologne.
Bald Eagle, i. Pa., which rises in Centre co.,
and passing through Miffln and Lycoming coun
ties, after a course of 50 miles, runs into W,
branch of the Susquehanna, about 12 W. of
Jersey Shore.
Bald Eagle Mountains, in Pa. ; 200 W. Phila
delphia. The valley below on the east side is
called Bald Eagle Valley, or Sinking Spring
Valley. It is very pleasant, and remarkable
for a phenomenon, called the Swallows, which
absorbs several large streams and discharges
them again, after a subterraneous passage of
several miles. The valley is 5 miles wide, on
the frontiers of Bedford county.
Bald Eagle, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 685.
Bald Eagle, t Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 281.
Bald Mountains, mountains of America, which
bound Tennessee to the E. Lon. 82. 35. W.
Lat. 35. 50. N.
Baldanen, or Baldunen, t. Semigallia ; 18 E.
Mittau. Baldegg, v. Switz., in Zurich, with a castle,
anciently a town ; 9 N. Lucerne. It is situated
on a lake, to which it gives name.
Baldenau, (an. Belginum,) t. Ger., belonging
to Prussia, in Lower Rhine ; 6 SE. Traarbach,
36 SW. Coblentz.
Baldenburg, t. Prussia ^ in Marienwerder ; 65
SSW. Dantzick. Pop. 822.
Baldern, t. Wurtemberg, district of Kocher;
1 SSE. Zobing. Pop. 1,000.
Bald-Head, head land SW. side of Wells Bay,
in Maine. Lon. 80. 35. W. Lat. 43. N.
Bald-Head, SW. end of Smith's Island at the
mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. It has a light
house ; 24 NNW. Frying Pan shoal. Lon. 78.
13. W. Lat. 3&. 51. N.
Bald-Head, cape on W. coast of N. A. in Nor
ton Sound. Lon. 198. 18. E. Lat. 64. 43. N.
Bald-Head, high rocky cape on SW. coast of
New Holland, forming W. and S. boundary of
King George III.'s Sound. Lon. 118. 16, E.
Lat. 35. 9. S.
Baldivia, see Valdivia.
Baldo, mt. part of the Alps, which separates
Tyrol from the country of Verona; 30 miles'
in circumference.
Baldock, t. Eng., in Herts, on the great N.
road from London to York ; 8 S. Biggleswade,
37 N. London. Lon. 0. 1 1. W. Lat 52. 0. N;
Pop. 1,438. It has a good market on Thursday
for corn, particularly barley.
Baldwin, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine ; 40
NW. Portland, 150 NNE. Boston, W. 583. Pop.
in 1810, 546; in 1820, 1,120.
Baldwin, co. central part of Georgia. Fof

BAL

129

BAL

in 1810, 6,356; slaves 2,550; Pop. in 1820,
7,734. Chief town, Milledgeville.
Baldwin, 00. Alabama. Pop. 1,713. Chief
town, Fort Stoddart
Baldwinsville, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ; W.
453. Bdle, Basle, Basil, or Basel, canton, Switz.,
bounded N. by Baden, E. by Argow, S. by
Solothurne, and W. by France. Sq. m. 237.
Pop. 37,200. It has 3 towns, 29 parishes, and is
of the reformed religion, and sends 3 represen
tatives to Swiss diet. The climate is temper
ate and salubrious ; the country hilly, but fruit
ful; the productions hemp, corn, wine, flax,
tobacco, fruit, Sic Manufactures are numer
ous, particularly for silk, cotton, ribbons, and
paper., Bdle, or Basil, (an. Basilia,) city, Switz., cap
ital of the above canton ; 45 N. Berne, 48
WNW. Zurich. Lon. 7. 31. E. Lat. 47. 34. N.
Pop. 15,060. H. 2,120. It is built on both sides
of the Rhine, which divides it into two unequal
parts, called greater and less towns, united by
a bridge 600 feet in length ; both parts are de
fended by a wall and a ditch ; and to the larger
are annexed 5 fauxbargs. The city contains
220 streets, a cathedral, 12 churches, a lyceum,
and a university, founded in 1459, having an ex
cellent library, a cabinet of medals', and a bo
tanic garden. The houses are well built, but
thinly peopled, the town being much less pop
ulous than formerly. The commerce is consid
erable, and the manufacture of silk ribbons
extensive. Other manufactures are silk stuff's,
cotton, paper, linen, and gloves ; with consid
erable bleacb/fields and dye-houses.
The cathedral, a fine Gothic building, con
tains the tomb of Erasmus. — Natives, (Eco-
lampadius, Grynasus, Buxtorf, Wetstein, Hol
bein, Hermann, the Bernoullis, and Euler. — It
was formerly remarked as a singularity in the
clocks of this town, that they always struck an
hour sooner than elsewhere. — A famous eccle
siastical council was held here from 1431 to
1444. Bale, formerly a bishopric, Ger., in Upper
Rhine, bounded N. by the Sundgaro, E. and S.
by the cantons of Bale, Berne, and Soleure,
and W. by France. Pop. 40,000. Sq. m. 420.
The bishop was a prince of the empire, and had
his ordinary residence at Porentrui. At the con
gress of Vienna in 1815, the most of this bish
opric was annexed to the Swiss canton of
Berne ; a tract of 3 leagues square was added
to Neufchatel ; and the bailiwick Schliengen,
55 sq. m., lying east of the Rhine, was given to
Baden. Baleapatnam, t. Hind., on the coast of Mala
bar ; 15 NNW. Tellicherry.
Baleares, now Majorca, Minorca, and Ivica.
Balecundah, t Hind., in Hydrabad, on S. side
of the Godavery. Lon. 79. 29. E. Lat. 19. 10. N.
Balega, t. on S. coast of the island of Ma
dura. Lon. 113. 24. E. Lat. 7. 12. S.
Balegam, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 6 N.
Koudur. Balelroydurgam, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 35 W.
Sacrapatam. Balemar, small isl. in E. Indian Sea. Lon.
128. 12. E. Lat. 7. 18. S.
Vol. I 17

Balenberg, see Ballenberg.
Baleocuri-regia, now Amedabad.
Balema, t. Stfitz., in Tesin ; 3 ESE. Men-
dii-io. Balestrina, t. Genoa ; 9 N. Albenga.
Baletchenk, t. A. Turkey; 20 Haza-han. H.
260. Balfron, t Scot, Stirlingshire ; 10 N. Dum
barton. Pop. 1,634.
Balfrush, t. Persia, in Mazanderan; 20 W.
Fehrabad. Lon. 52. 40. E. Lat. 35. 55.' N. Pop.
25,000. H. 5,000. It is built in a low moist.
ground, of an irregular form, about 1J mile in
circ. The houses are Constructed of "brick or
clay, with; a flat roof, and are generally small
and mean. There are 4 caravansaries, and the
bazar forms the principal street.
Balga, t. Prussia, in Konigsberg, on the
Frisch Hafl'e ; 24 SW. Konigsberg. Lon. 19.
59. E. Lat. 54. 32. N. Pop. 400.
Balgaon, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 15 NW.
Koudur. Balguda, t. Hind., in Bahar; 28 E. Bahar.
Balhary, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 68 N. Chit-
teldroog, 56 SE.Bisnagur. Lon. 76. 56. E. Lat.
14. 58. N.
Bali, Bally, or Little Java, one of the Sunda
islands ; 75 miles long, and 45 wide ; fertile
and well peopled. The principal productions
are cotton, rice, ginger, and cloves. The inhab
itants are variously estimated from 100,000 to
600,000; it is separated from the E. end of
Java, by a strait called the Strait of Bali, or the
Strait of Balabaun, or the Strait of Java. Lon..
115. E. Lat. 8. S.
Baliabadra, see Patras.
Balieira, t. Portugal, Algarva ; 4 E. Sagres.
Balikesri, (an. Miletopolis,) t. Natolia ; 52
NE. Pergamo. Lon. 27. 54. E. Lat. 39. 42. N.
Balincailach, cape on W. coast of the Scotch
island of Benbecula.
Balingen, see Baftlingen.
Balis, (an. Barbalissus,) t. Syria, on W. bank
of the Euphrates ; «X> E. Aleppo.
Balis, r. Syria, which runs into the Euphrates,
near Racca.
Balisbiga, see Palo.
Baljuree, t. Bengal ; 32 NW. Dacca.
Balize, or Waliz, r. Yucatan, which runs into
the bay of Honduras, Lon. 87. 50. W. Lat". 17.
30 N. It is navigable for boats 200 miles up'
the countiy.
Balize, s-p. Mexico, in Yucatan, at the mouth
of the river Balize. Vessels of burthen cannot
come near the town, on account of a bar in the
river. It is the principal and only settlement
of consequence belonging to the Britith on the
coast, and consists of about 200 houses built of
wood. The chief trade is for logwood and ma
hogany. Balize, the principal entrance into the mouth
of the Mississippi, 100 miles below New Or
leans. Lon. 89. 30. W. Lat 29. 6. N. It is 20
miles long, and has 16 feet water on the bar.
On an island at the north side of the entrance
are a fort and a post office. W. 1,377.
Balk, or Bulkh, (an. Bactria,)' country, Asia,
formerly a province of. Persia, but now de
pendent on Cabulistan. Its extent and bounda
ries are not well defined. It has the river Oxus

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N., Badakshan E., the mountains of Hindoo
Koosh and Paropamisan S., and a desert coun
try W. ; about 250 miles long from E. to W. ;
and 100 or 120 broad. The northwest part js
flat, with a sandy barren soil ; the southern and
eastern portions are mountainous, interspersed
with valleys. The countiy around the towns
is well cultivated and extremely fertile. The
inhabitants are Usbeck Tartars, Taujiks, and
Arabs ; a great part of them wandering, having
no fixed abode. Pop. estimated at 1,000,000.
It is divided into the districts of Meimuma, And-
khoo, Shibberghaun, Balk proper, Khooloom,
Huzrut-Imaun, Khoondooh, Khost, Inderaub,
and Tanlikaun.
Balk, or Bulkh, (an. Bactria, and Zariaspe,)
city, Asia, capital of the countiy of the same
name, near the confluence of the Dehasp and
Bamian; 180 S. Samarcand, 250 NE. Herat.
Lon. 65. 16. E. Lat. 36. 28. N. Pop. 6, or 7,000.
It is of great extent, surrounded by a wall, sit-
situated in a country, level, fertile, and well
cultivated. It is watered by 18 canals, drawn
from a celebrated reservoir, in the Paropami
san mountains. The whole of the inhabitants
are now confined to a single corner. The gov
ernor resides in the citadel, with a few troops.
Balk is supposed by the Asiatics to be the most
ancient city in the world, and is called by them
Amool Belaud, the Mother of Towns. It was
once the capital of Persia, and is supposed to
have been the residence of Cyrus. Jenghiz
Khan plundered it of immense riches in 1221 ;
at which time it is said to have contained 1,200
temples and 200 baths. Zoroaster was slain
here. Balkan, (an. Barcanii,) mt. Eu. Turk"ey,
which divides Romania from Bulgaria.
Balkan, (Gulf of) large bay on E. coast of
the Caspian Sea. Lat 39. 45. N.
Balkee, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 15 WNW.
Bede. Lon. 77.44. E. Lat. 17. 54. N.
Balkee, t. Bengal ; 8 NW. Burdwan
Balkerra, t. Bengal ; 16 NE. Kishenagur.
Balkizzen, t. Bengal; 10 N. Burdwan.
Ball, v. Ireland, in Mayo ; 107 W. Dublin.
Here is a round tower 150 feet high. The place
is greatly resorted to in autumn for the purpose
of performing certain superstitious ceremonies.
Ball's Bay, bay on E. Coast of Norfolk island.
in S. Pacific Ocean, which runs into the land
about J of a mile. This bay is surrounded by
very steep hills, which renders access to the set
tlement difficult.
Ball's Pyramid, small isl. in the S. Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 159. E. Lat 31. 35. S.
Balla, t. Bootan ; 26 N. Beyhar.
Ballabea, small isl. in S. pacific Ocean near
the coast of New Caledonia. Lon. 164. 22. E.
Lat. 20. 7. S.
Bullabuan, (Straits of,) or Straits of Bali, the
channel between the islands of Java and Bali, in
the Indian Sea.
Balladuk, t. Syria, in the Desert; 140 ENE.
Damascus. Ballaghan Point, cape on E. coast of Ireland,
in Louth, SW. of entrance of Carlingford bay ;
11 SE. Newry. Lon. 6. 4. W. Lat. 53. 58. N.
Ballaghy, t. Ireland, in Deny ; 18. S. Cole-

Ballangbuan, see Balambuan.
Ballantra, or Ballantire, s-p. Scotland, on W.
coast of Ayr, in the Frith of Clyde ; 28 SSW.
Ayr. Lon. 5. 4. W. Lat. 55. 10. N. Pop. 9£o.
There is a good salmon fishery in the mouth
of a small river which joins the Frith near the
town. Ballapatty, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 12 W.
Vencatighery. Ballapour, t. Hind., in Berar ; 15 Akowla.
Ballard's Point, cape on W. coast of Ireland,
in the county of Clare. Lon. 32. W. Lat. 52.
42. N.
Ballas, t Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile ;
10 S. Dendera.
Ballasur, t. Hind., belonging to the Mahrat-
tas ; 32 E. Poonah.
Balle, see Bailleul.
Balleeoongham, small isl. in the Sooloo Ar
chipelago. Lon. 120. 6. E. Lot. 5. 10. N.
Ballenberg, t. Baden ; 2 NW. Kraufheim.
Ballenstedt, t. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg ji 18
SW. Bernburg, 27 NE. Nordhausen. Lon. 11.
25. E. Lat. 51. 45. N. Pop. 2,360. H.495.
Here is a fine castle, situated on an eminence,
the ordinary residence of the prince of Anhalt
Bernburg. Balliroy, t. France, in Calvados ; 7 SSW.
Bayeux, 18 S. Caen. Pop. 1,196.
Balliangaut, t. Hind., in Calicut ; 5 S. Pan-
iany. Ballimony, t. Ireland, in Antrim ; 23 N. Ant
rim, 30 E. Londonderry.
Ballimore, t. Ireland, in Westmeath ; 10 If.
Athlone. Ballin, X. Bengal ; 5 S. Calcutta.
Ballina, X. Ireland, in Mayo, on the Moy; 6
S. Killalaj 20. N. Castlebar. It is remarkable
for its salmon fishery.
Ballinacourty Point, cape on S. coast of Ire
land, in Waterford ; and N. side of Dungarvon
bay; 4E. Dungarvon.
Ballinahinch, X. Ireland, in Down ; 12 9.
Belfast. Ballinakill, X. Ireland, in Queen's county ; 14
W. Carlow, 18 S. Portarlington.
Ballinakill Harbour, bay of the Atlantic, on
W. coast of Ireland, so called from a village in
Galway ; 40 NW. Galway. Lon. 9. 58. E. Lat.
53. 34. N.
Ballinaskellig, bay on SW. coast of Ireland,
and co. Kerry. Lon. 10. 6. W. Lat. 51. 46. K.
Ballinasloe, X. Ireland, in Galway; 30 W. Gal
way, 72 W. Dublin. It is a considerable and
thriving town. Here is held the most impor
tant fair for cattle and sheep in Ireland. The
sheep amount to 80,000 or 90,000 at a time.
Ballinrobe, or Ballinraal, X. Ireland, in Mayo;
15 S. Castlebar.
Ballinlry, s-p. Ireland, on N. coast Antrim,
with a tolerably good bay ; 20 N. Ballymena.
Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat. 55. 14. N. Pop. 3, or 400.
There is a coal mine in the neighbourhood.
Ballisore, r. Hind., which branches off from
the Ganges, passes by Colna, Gopaulgunge, hx..
and being joined by several other rivers, chang
es its name to Hooringottah.
Ballisore, X. Bengal, Dacca ; 21 NW. Dacca.
Balliteague Buy, bay on S. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 6. 45. W. Lat. 52. 12. N.

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Ballitunghy, t. Bengal, in Kishenagur; 21 S.
Moorshedabad, 75 N. Calcutta. Lon. 38. 23. E.
Lat. 23. 19. N.
Ballitunghy, X. Bengal; 22 S. Morshedabad.
Bollock, small isl. in Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 121. 52. E. Lat. 6.32. N.
Bollock Rocks, rocks on the NW. coast of the
island of Ila.
Ballogistan, district, Hind., in Delhi, of an
oval form, about 80 miles long, and from 20 to
30 broad; the extremity about 20 W. Delhi.
Ballon, X. France, in Lower-Charente ; 9 SE.
Rochelle. Ballon, X. France, in Sarte ; 10 NE. Le
Mans, 16 S. Alencon. Pop. 3,568.
Ballston, see Whitfield.
Batlston, p-f . and cap. Saratoga co. N. Y. ; 28
N. Albany, W. 390. Pop. in 1810, 2,155 ; in
1820, 2,407. The township contains 6 houses
of public worship, a court house, a jail, a town-
house, and an academy. There are, besides a
part of the village of Balston-Spa, 2 other small
villages, one at the court house, 2 miles from
Ballston-Spa, the other at the academy and
townhouse. Ballston-Spa, p,-v. Saratoga co. N. Y. partly
in Ballston but chiefly in Milton ; 26 N . Al
bany, W. 393. It is pleasantly situated in a
narrow vale, and includes the celebrated mi
neral waters, called Ballston Springs, which
are much frequented for the purpose of health
and amusement. The village contains upwards
of 100 houses, several large boarding honses
with good ' accommodations, an academy, 2
printing offices, and 2 houses of public worship,
1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. See
Saratoga. Ballsmlle, p-v. Powhatan co. Va. ; W. 171.
Balluah, t. Bengal ; 17 SE. Goragot
Balluan, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 20 SW. La
hore. Ballueas, (Las,) X. Spain, in Estramadura ; 22
NNW. Palencia.
Balluntee, X. Hind., Orissa; 13 SE. Cattack.
Bally, or Pulo Bally, isl. in Eastern Sea,
about two miles in circumference, with good
anchorage on the E. side, in 12 or 13 fathom.
It is separated from W. coast of Bachian by a
channel, about 5 miles wide. Lat. 0. 30. S.
Bally, X. on E. coast of the island of Lom
bock. Lon. 116. 20. E. Lat. 8. 36. S. It is a
town of considerable size and trade.
Bally, see Bali.
Ballybay, X. Ireland, in Monaghan ; 9 S.
Monaghan. Ballycannow, v. Ireland, in Wexford ; 5 S.
Newborough. Ballycastle, t. Ireland, in Antrim, on E. side
of a bay to which it gives name, with a good
pier. There is a colliery near it ; 30 N. An
trim. Lon. 6. 6. W. Lat. 55. 12. Pop. 700.
Bally-Cotton, isl. in St. George's Channel on
SW. coast of Ireland. Lon. 7. 59. W. Lat. 51.
50. N
Bally-Cotton Bay, bay in St. George's Chan
nel, on S. coast of Ireland, in co. of Cork, NW.
coast of Bally-Cotton Island. Lon. 7. 58. W.
Lat. 51. 51. N.
Ballydevelin Bay, bay on SW. coast of Ire
land. Lon. 9, 32. W. Lat. 61. 37. N.

Ballydonegan Bay, bay on SW. coast of Ire
land. Lon. 10 W. Lat. 51. 35. N.
Ballyela Bay, bay in the Atlantic, on W.
coast of Ireland ; 12 SE. South-Arran Islands.
Lon. 9. 20. W. Lat. 52. 53. N.
Ballyferis Point, cape, Ireland, on the coast
of Down. Lon. 5. 23. W. Lat. 54. 33. N.
Ballygelly Head, cape on E. coast of Ire
land, in the Irish Sea. Lon. 5. 44, W. Lat 54.
54.N. 
Bollyhaura, X. Ireland, in Cork ; 21 N. Cork.
Ballyheigh, see Kerry Head.
Ballylany, small isl. Atlantic, near W- coast
of Ireland. Lon. 10. 16. W. Laf. 53. 23. N.
Ballymenah, X. Ireland, in Antrim ; 10 N.
Antrim. Pop. 2,520.
Ballymony, X. Ireland, in Antrim ; 28 N. An
trim, 30 E. Londonderry. Pop. 1,800.
Ballyquintin Point, cape on E. coast of Down.
in Ireland, in the Irish Sea at E. of the entrance
into Strangford Lough; 7 E. Downpatrick.
Lon. 5. 26. W. Lat. 54. 19. N.
Ballyragget, v. Ireland, in Kilkenny, on the
Nose; 50 SW. Dublin. H. 214.
Ballyshannon, s-p. Ireland, in a bay to which
it gives name, open to the Atlantic, at the
mouth of the Erne, in Donegal, with a good
harbour, and considerable trade ; 40 SW. Lon
donderry. Lon. 8: 2. W. Lat. 54v31. N.
Ballyvaghan Bay, bay on W. coast ' of Ire
land, and'N. part of Clare, in Galway bay.'
Lon. 9. 6. W. Lat. 53. 7. N.
Balmala, X. Africa, Bornou ; 65 N. Kanem.
Balmamut, X. Natolia ; 12 W. Kara-hissah.
Balme, (La,) t. Savoy ; 6. NW. Annecy.
Balmeradab, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 32 SW.
Esferan .
Balmerino, X. Scot, in Fifeshire, on the Tay,
opposite Dundee, with a small inconvenient
harbour; 8 NW. St. Andrew's. Pop. 921.
Balmuccio, X. Italy ; 20 NNW. Novara.
Balmy, X. Hind., in Dindigul ; 23 W. by N.
Dindigul. Balnakyle, X. Scot, in a bay on W. coast of
Lewis, ton. 7. 3. W. Lat. 58. 8. N.
Balneal, see Bagnolas.
Balode, t.Hind., in Candeish; 27 SW. Bur-
hampour. Balog, X. Hungary ; 20 E. Altsohl.
Balola, X. Africa, in the county of the Bia-
feres ; 15 NE. Biguba.
Baldly, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 35 ENE.
Oudighir. Balonga, three islands, in the bay of Bengal,
near the coast of Aracan. Lon. 93. to 93. 20. E^
Lat. 19. 55. to 20. 5. N.
Baloochistun, see Beloochistan.
Balookan t. Hind., ; 7 N. Lahore.
Bdlor, t. on E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 122." 5.
E. Lat. 15. 18. N.
Balote, t. on E. coast of the island of Mindo-
ro. Lon. 121. 15. E. Lat. 13. 3. N.
Balou, t. Armenia ; 25 NW. Cars.
Balou, country, Africa, bounded N. by Egypt,
W. by Nubia, E. by the Red Sea, and S. by
Abyssinia; 180 miles in length, and 120 in
breadth. The inhabitants are Mahometans, but
the country is not well peopled.
Baloury, t. Hind., Agra; 40 W. Dhoolpour.
Balowry, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 28 E. Bahar.

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Baloygunge, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundellah
oh the Nerbudda; 7NW. Mundellah.
Balpara, X. Bengal ; 15 N. Calcutta.
Balremit Bay, bay on E. coast of Colonsa.
Lon. 6.7. W. Lat. 56. 6. N.
Bats, r. West Greenland, which runs info the
sea, Lon. 50. 10. W. Lat 64. 30. N.
Ba^s Fiord, bay on E. coast of Iceland. Lat.
65. 8. N.
Balsa, now Tavira.
Balsam, r. Brandenburg, which flows into
the Biese, at Dobrune.
Balsano, X. Naples, in Bari ; 7 S. Bari. .
Balsar, (El,) X. Quito; 70 N. Guayaquil.
Balsas, X. Peru, in Caxamarca, near the Ma-
ragnon ; 40 N. Caxamarca.
Balsas, t. Darien.; 25 SW. St. Maria du Da
rien. Balsey Cliff, high land, on E. coast of Eng
land, between Orford and Harwich.
Balshaduk, X. Circassia ; 50 W. Eskikesek.
Balsora, see Bassora.
Sahara, X. Kemaoon ; 24 N. Burtapour.
Balson, small isl. on W. side of the Gnlf of
Bothnia- Lon. 17.22. E. Lat. 61. 44. N.
Balstdl, X. Switz., in Soleure ; 10 NE. So-
leure. It is a market town, well built.
Balta, one of smaller Shetland isl. near E
coast of Unst. Lon. 4. 2. W. Lat. 61. 7.
Balta, or 'Balto, t. Russia, in Podolia, capital
of a circle, on the Kadyma ; 65 NNE. Ben
der. Pop. 600.
Baltas, t. Courland ; 20 E. Seelburg.
Baltchimkin, eastern name of the Black sea.
Battchulzko, X. Russia, in Kolivan.
Balleluk, t. Bulgaria, on a gulf of the Black
Sea; 12 NE. Varna. Lon. 28. E. Lat. 43. 22. N.
Baltersheim, t, Bav., Wurzburg ; 2 W. Aub.
Baltic, (an. Venedicus, arid Codanus Sinus,
and Mare Suevicum,) inland sea, in NW. part
of Europe, formed by the coasts of Sweden,
rjussia, Courland, Prussia, Germany and Den
mark. There are a great number of islands in
this sea. The length from SW. to NE. is rather
more than 600 miles ; and its breath between
Sweden and Germany, about 75 miles, but in
some places 150. Sq. m. 120,000. The general
passage for vessels from the North Sea into the
Baltic is through the Sound, a narrow passage
between the coast of Sweden and the island
of Zealand ; there are two other passages, less
frequented, the Great and LittTe Belt. At each
a toll is paid by vessels to the king of Den
mark, for the purpose of maintaining a light
house. Several large rivers empty themselves
into the Baltic, as the Dwina, the Oder, the
Vistula, the Rega, the Persante,) the Nieman,
Sic, which give a degree of freshness to the
water, and probably make it more liable to be
frozen, which it generally is for 3 months in
the winter, so as completely to hinder its navi
gation. It is observed that a current always
runs from this sea through the Sound to the
Atlantic Baltic Port, or Balliiskoi, formerly Roger-
wick, small s-p. Russ.,in Revel, on the island of
Roag, at the influx of the rivulet Padis into the
Baltic, near the entrance into the gulf of Fin
land ; 38 W. Revel, 140 N. by W. Riga. Fop.

Baltimore, X. Windsor co. Vt. > 14 SW- Wind
sor. Pop. 204.
Baltimore, hundred, in SE. corner of Sussex
co. Delaware. Pop. 2^057.
Baltimore, co. Md. bounded N. by Pennsyl
vania, E. by Hartford co. and Chesapeake
bay, S. by St. Ann Arundel co. and NW. by
Frederick co. Pop. in 1810, including the
city, 75,810 ; slaves 10,369. Pop. in 1820, ex
clusive of the city, 33,463.
Baltimore, city and port of entry, Baltimore
co. Md., on N. side of the Patapsco, 14 miles
above its entrance into Chesapeake bay; 37
NE. Washington, 70 SSE. Lancaster, 100 SW.
Philadelphia, 160 NE. Richmond, 190 SW. N.
York, 230 ESE. Pittsburg, 580 NNE. Charles
ton. Lon. 76. 36. W. Lat. 39. 17. N. Pop. in
1790, 13,758 ; in 1800, 23,971 ; in 1810,46,556,
of whom 10,343 were blacks; in 1820, 62,738.
Baltimore has had a remarkably rapid growth.
In 1765 it contained only about 50 houses. It
wras first erected into a city in 1797, and is now
the third in size in the United States. It is
admirably situated for commerce, and is a
place of great wealth and trade. It posses-!
ses most of the trade of Maryland, a. great part
of that of the back country of Pennsylvania,
and a portion of that of the western states,
The shipping owned here in 1790, amounted,
to only 13,564 tons ; in 1816, to 101,960 tons;
in 1820, to 68,6?4. tons. The number of ves
sels which arrived here, in 1816, from foreign
ports was 533; the number coastwise. 401.
Baltimore, as laid out, is four miles square,
and it is divided into twelve wards. It is
built around a basin, which affords a spacious,
secure, and commodious harbour, having aj
common tides eight or nine feet of water.
The principal part of the city is divided
from the portions styled Old Town and Fell's
Point, by a small river, called Jones' Falls,
over which are erected three elegant stone
bridges, and4wooden ones. Vessels of 500 or
600 tons can lie at the wharves at this Point in
perfect safety ; but those of only 200 tons can
come up to the town. The mouth of the har
bour is a narrow strait, and is effectually com
manded by Fort M'Henry, which secures the
city against a naval force. The situation of a
part of the town is low, and it was formerly ac
counted unhealthy ; but the various improve
ments which have been made, particularly the
filling up of low and marshy grounds, have
rendered it healthy. It is supplied with ex
cellent water from four public fountains, which
are fitted up in an ornamental style.
Baltimore contains a court-house, a peniten
tiary, a jail, an alms-house, a hospital, a thea
tre, a circus, an exchange, a museum and gal
lery of paintings, 5 market houses, 10 banks,
including a branch of the United States bank,
a library of about 10,000 volumes, and 38
houses of public worship, 5 for Roman Catho
lics, 5 for Episcopalians, 5 for Methodists, 4
for Baptists, 3 for Presbyterians, 3 for Afri
cans, 2 for Dutch Reformed, 2 for Seceders, 2
for Friends, 1 for Lutherns, 1 for Unitarians, 1
for Independents, 1 for Dunkers, and a New
Jerusalem church.
The exchange is aa immense edifice, 366

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feet by 140, somewhat resembling an H, hav
ing 4 wings ; one for the United States branch
bank, one for the custom house, and one foi a
coffee house. The Roman Catholic cathedral
and the Unitarian church are very conspicu
ous and magnificent edifices. St. Paul's church,
the court house, and the Union Bank are all
spacious and elegant. Several of the other
public buildings are large and handsome. The
penitentiary is a large building, and contained
in 1817, 242 prisoners. The institution is un
der excellent management. The hospital, on
an elevated situation, has an extensive and
valuable anatomical museum, and usually from
120 to 150 patients.
The Washington Monument, a superb struc
ture of stone, is situated on an elevation just
above the compact part of the city. The base is
50 feet square, and 23 high, on which is placed
another square of about half the; extent and
elevation. On this is a column 20 feet in di
ameter at the base, and 14 at the top. The
statue of Washington is to be placed on the
summit, 163 feet from the ground.
The city is generally well, built, mostly of
brick. Many of the houses, particularly of
those recently erected, display much elegance
and taste. The streets are well paved, and
many of them are spacious. The principal
street, called Baltimore, or Market Street, is
about a mile long, and about 80 feet wide, and
runs nearly east and west, parallel with the
water; and it is intersected at right angles,
like those in Philadelphia. North and east of
the city, the land rises to a, considerable eleva
tion, and affords a fine and variegated pros
pect The town, the point, the shipping, both
in the bay and at Fell's point, the bay as far as
the eye can reach, rising ground on the right
and left of the harbour, a fine grove of trees
on the declivity at the right, and a stream of
water breaking over the rocks at the hill on the
left, all conspire to complete the beauty and
grandeur of the scene.
The literary institutions of Baltimore are a
Medical College, St. Mary's College, and Bal
timore College. There are several Lancaste-
rian and Sunday schools ; and numerous pri
vate schools are well supported.
The Medical College was founded in 1807.
In 1812, the institution received a new char
ter, and was styled the University of Mary
land, and was authorized to annex three other
faculties, of languages, arts, and sciences, of
law, and divinity. These are expected soon
to go into operation. The medical depart
ment, the only one hitherto in operation, is
highly respectable and flourishing, and has a
valuable medical library, a good chemical and
philosophical apparatus, and an anatomical
museum. The building is spacious and ele
gant The officers are a provost, and 6 pro
fessors, of anatomy, theory and practice of
medicine, chemistry, materia medica, obstet
rics, and the institutes of medicine. The
number of students, in 1821, was 238.
St. Mary's College was incorporated as a
university in 1806, and is well endowed. The
buildings are neatly built of brick. It has a
good library, a philosophical, anda chemical ap

paratus. Its officers are a -president, a profes
sor of divinity, one of moral and one of natu
ral philosophy, one of belles lettres, 4 of the
languages and mathematics, and 8 assistant tu
tors. The students, about 140 in number., be
tween the ages of 7 and 19, study in presence
of their instructors. A seminary for students
preparing for the priesthood is connected with
the college.
The Baltimore College is an incorporated
institution, but has no funds. The building is
a neat edifice of brick, 60 feet by 40. It has
2 instructers, and about 60 students, from 7 to
15 years of age.
Six newspapers are published, here, 5 daily,
1 and weekly. Among the manufacturing estab
lishments are 2 steam (lour mills, a glass-house,
a cotton manufactory, several establishments
for the manufacture of Prussian blue, white
lead, and vitriol ; also distilleries of gin and
whiskey. The importance of Baltimore is in
creased by the advantages for mills and other
water works in its vicinity- There were, in
1805, within IS miles of the city, 50 merchant
flour mills, 2 paper mills, 1 powder mill, 2 for
ges, and several furnaces. Twelve of the flour
mills are on Jones' Falls, within 4 miles of the
city. At these mills are manufactured great
quantities of excellent flour.
A formidable attack was made on this city
during the late war, on the 13th and 14th of
September 1814, by the British, under general
Ross. On the 13th the battle at North Point
was fought ; and on the 14th Fort M'Henry
was bombarded. The enemy was repulsed,
and general Ross slain. An elegant struc
ture of marble, about 35 feet high, called the
Battle Monument, has been erected in a square
in the city, commemorative of this event.
On the column are inscribed the names of
those, who fell in defence of the city.
Baltimore, (New,) p-t. Greene co. N. Y., on
W. side of the Hudson, formed from the north
part of Coxackie, in 1S11 ; IS S. Albany, W.
375. Pop. 2,036.
Baltimore, (New,) p-v. Fauquier co. Va. ;
W. 45.
Baltimore, v. Ireland, in Cork ; 13 S. Bantry.
Lon. 9. 26. W. Lat. 51. 22. N. It has a good
harbour, situated on E. side of a bay, to which it
gives name. It was formerly a place of trade,
but being plundered by the Algerines in 1631,
it has never recovered itself.
Ballinglass, X. Ireland, in Wicklow; 17 S.
Naas, 25 W. Wicklow.
Ballrum, isl. German Ocean, near the coast
of East Friesland ; about 4 miles long and 2
broad. Lon. 7. 10. E. Lat. 53. 40. N. Pop. 210.
Ballschik, t. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on a gulf of
the Black Sea; 18 NE. Varna. Lon. 28. 8. E.
Lat. 43. 45. N.
Balturla, salt lake, Russia, in Orenburg; 144
SSW. Upha. Lon. 52. 4. E. Lat. 50. N.
Baltz,,X. Prussia ; 9 W. Passenheim.
Baltzers, X. Switz., in Grisons, on the Rhine;
6 N. Mayenfeld.
Baluher, v. Syria ; 12 miles from Latakia.
Balve, X. Pru. Wesphalia, in Arensberg, on
the Hohn; 10 SW. Arensberg, 38 NE. Co
logne.. Lon. 7. 52. E. Lat. 51. 17. N. Pop. 746.

BArVf

134

BAM

Balygano, t. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
119. 30. E. Lat. 0. 5. N.
Balzac, v. France, in Charente ; 3 N. An-
gouleme. H. 210.
Bam, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 130 ESE. Sir-
gian. Bamada, X. S. A. in La Paz ; 100 S. Potosi.
Bamalolly, X. Thibet; 6 S. Sirinagur.
Bamankoi, X. Loango, province of Angoi.
Bamba, the largest and richest province of
Congo, extending along the coast 150 miles,
from the Ambriz to the Coanza. The military
force is reckoned by Carli to amount to
600,000, £ of the population ; probably much
exaggerated. The animals found are elephants,
stags, buffaloes, tigers, civets, and paroquets.
The inhabitants are strong and warlike ; they
are governed by a prince or general, called
Mani. Bamba, X. in a province of the same name,
large and populous, governed by a duke ; about
220 miles from the sea, in the possession of the
Portuguese ; 75 SSW. St. Salvador. Lon. 15.
32. E. Lat. 7. 2. S.
Bamba, (an. Gueritum,) v. Old Castile; 10
WNW. Valladolid.
Bamba, see Cuenga.
Bambaki, X. Georgia, in Carduel ; 15 SW.
Lore. Bambamarca, X. Peru, in Patas, or Caxamar-
quilla. Bamban,X. Egypt, on the Nile; 42 SSE.
Asna. Bambanglo, t. on NW. coast of Lucon. Lon,
120. 42. E. Lat. 18. 41. N.
Bambarah, the rains of a city, Hind., in
Sindy, in the district of Tatta. Lon. 67. 50.
E. Lat. 24. 46. N. The ruins now visible are
supposed to be those of an ancient city, nam
ed Braminabad by Persian authors, which in
the 10th century was the capital of a flourishing
Hindoo province.
Bambarra, large km. Central Africa, having
the Great Desert N., Kaarta, Mandingo, and
Ludamar W., Tombuctoo E., and Kong S. It
is traversed from west to east by the Niger,
and is generally very fertile. The inhabitants
are a mixture of Moors and Negroes. Among
the towns are Sego, the capita], Jenne, and
Sansanding. Bambere, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 60. E. Surat.
Bamberg, formerly a bishopric and principal
ity, Ger., in Franconia ; bounded N. by Co
burg and the Vogtland, E. by Bayreuth and
the estates of Nuremberg, S. by the estates of
Nuremberg and the principality of Schwart-
zenberg, and W. by the bishopric of Wurtz-
burg; about 60 miles in length, and 40 in
breadth. The soil is fertile, producing grain
and fruit in abundance, saffron, and liquorice;
and near the city of Bamberg, in particular,
figs, lemons and oranges ; the inhabitants raise
a great number of cattle. The principal towns
are Bamberg, Forcheim,Embermanstadt, Weis-
chenfeld, Kupferberg, Lichtenfelds, and Vil-
seck. The inhabitants are Roman Catholics.
Pop. 207,000. Sq. m. 1,430. In 1803, this
bishopric was secularised, and given as an in
demnity to the Elector of Bavaria, and it now
forms the most of the circle of the Upper Maine,

and a part of that of the Rezat, in the kingdom
of Bavaria.
Bamberg, formerly Babenberg and Pfaffen-
berg, (an. Bergium, and Bamberaberga, and Go-
ricnarion,) city, Bavaria, capital of the circle
of the Upper Maine ; 30 NNW. Nuremberg,
110 E. Mentz. Lon. 10. 35. E: Lat. 49. 36. N.
Pop. 16,397. Abp. see. It contains 2,030
houses, 22 churches, a cathedral, which is a
Gothic edifice, a splendid palace, once the seat
of episcopal magnificence, a cabinet of natu
ral history, a gymnasium, a lyceum, and a li
brary which contains 62,000 printed volumes
and 1,000 MSS. The city is pleasantly situat
ed on a vast and fertile plain. It has consider
able trade, and 2 large yearly fairs ; it is a great
thoroughfare, and its public buildings are very
magnificent The rivers Pegnitz and Reg-
nitz run through it, and after forming several
islands, fall together into the Maine about 3
miles below. It has no fortification, but a
wall. Bamberg, (New.) X. Ger., in Hesse ; 8 S. Bin-
gen, 20 SW. Mentz. Pop. 478.
Bamborough, v. Eng., in Northumberland,
near the coast of the German Ocean, with a
castle; 4 E.Bedford, 324 N.London. Pop. 329.
Bambouch, or Bambych, (an. Hierapolis,'anA
Bambyce, and Magog,) t. Syria, about 5 miles
from the Euphrates. It is situated at S. end of
a long vale.
The form of the city was irregular ; some
part of the walls, which remain entire, are about
9 feet thick, 30 high, and about 2 miles in circ.
There is a walk all round on the top of the ,
walls, to which there is an ascent by a flight of
steps, which are built on arches. The wall is
defended by towers on 5 sides, at the distance
of 50 paces from each other ; and there is a
low fosse without.
About 200 paces within the last gate there is
a mound of earth, on which probably stood the
temple of the Syrian goddess Atargatis, thought
to be the same as Ashteroth of the Sidonians,
and Cybele of the Romans, for whose worship
this place was famous. Dr. Pocock conjectured
it to be about 200 feet in front.
Bambouk, X. Africa, and cap. of a kingdom,
between the Fatemi and Senegal rivers. Lon.
9. 30. W. Lat. 13. 25. N. The country is sit
uated between 12. 30. and 14. 15. N. Lat. ;
about 36 leagues from N. to S., and 28 in
breadth, and said to contain about 60,000 in
habitants. It is composed chiefly of lofty, naked,
and barren mountains, and its wealth consists
entirely in its mineral productions. These are
gold, (which is abundant,) silver, iron, tin, lead,
and load-stone. The most remarkable animals
are a species of apes, whiter than the whitest
European rabbits, which they will not allow to
be sent out of the country ; white foxes ; the
girafa, described as an animal as high, but not
so large as an elephant, made more like a camel,
of extraordinary swiftness.
Bambukalasi, (an. Hierapolis,) X. A. Turkey, in
Natolia ; 12 N. Degnizlu. Its present name
signifies the castle of cotton, from the whiteness
of the surrounding rocks.
Bameeny, isl. lying off the coast of Chittigong,
in Bengal ; about 12 wiles long, and 5 broad.

BAM

135

BAN

Bamff, or Banff, s-p. Scot,,, and capital of a
county, to which it gives name ; 44 NW. Aber
deen, 71 E. Inverness. Lon. 2. 25. W. Lat. 57.
38. N. Pop. 3,603. It is pleasantly situated at
the side of a hill on S. side of the Frith of Mur
ray, at the mouth of the river Devron. The
harbour is neither large nor good, stopped often
by the shifting of the sands after storms. The
castle was formerly a place of strength, and a
royal palace. There is a weekly market on
Friday. Bamffshire, or Banffshire, maritime county,
Scot., bounded N. by the Frith of Murray, E.
and S. by Aberdeenshire, W. by Murrayshire
and Invernesshire ; about 45 miles in length,
and 16 in its mean breadth.
Bamffshire is subdivided into the districts of
Strathdevron, Euzie, Boyne, Balveny, Strathela,
and Strathaven. The principal rivers are the
Spey and the Devron ; and the principal towns
Bamff, Frazerberg, Turreff', Cullen, and Focha
bers. Pop. 36,668. Families 8,612 ; 3,815 em
ployed in agriculture ; 2,195 in trade and man
ufactures ; 2,602 otherwise. Sq. m. 622.
Bamian, or Bamigan, (an. Drapsaca, or Da-
rapsa,) city, Cabulistan, in Balk, on N. side of
the Hindookoo mountains, in the road from
Balk to Chizni and Lahore ; about 20 miles
from Alexandria, where Alexander left 7,000
veterans under the command of Proexas, a
noble Persian ; 100 W. Cabul, 170 SSE. Balk.
Lon. 66. 50. E. Lat. 34. 35. N.
It is styled the Thebes of the east, and is a
place of great antiquity. At an early period, it
was regarded as the metropolis of the sect of
Buddha, and is represented by them as the
source of purity and holiness. The city consists
of 12,000 recesses or apartments, cut out of the
rock. Some of these, from their extraordinary
dimensions, seem to have been designed for
temples. Two colossal statues, 50 cubits high, adhering
to the mountain out of which they are cut, are
to be seen in the city at a distance, and are
regarded as objects of great curiosity.
Bamingola, t. Hind., in Bengal ; 18 NE.
Mauldah. Baminah, X. Bengal ; 70 S-. Mahmudpour.
Baminy, r. Bengal, which runs into the
Hooringotta, Lon. 89. 51. E. Lat. 22. 10. N.
Bamm, X. Persia, in Kerman. Lon. 75. 35. E.
Lat. 28. 15. N.
Bummakoo, X. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Ni
ger, where that river becomes navigable ; 180
SW. Sego. Lon. 3. 48. W. Lat. 12. 50. N. Here
is a market for salt.
Bamoo, X. Birmah, in the northern part of the
empire, within 20 miles of the Chinese province
efYun-nan. Lon. 96. 56. E., Lat. 24. N.
Bamori, v. Hind., in the district of Almora.
Lon. 79. 35. E. Lat. 29. 16. N. It contains 30
or 40 huts. An annual fan- is held here in the
dry season.
Bampalong, X. Bengal ; 65 S. Islamabad.
Bamplasoy, X. Lower-Siam, on the gulf of
Siam. Lon. 101. 36. E. Lat. 13. 35. N.
Bampton, X. Eng., in Oxford, on the river Isis;
13 WNW. Abingdon, 69 WNW. London. Lon.
1. 32. W. Lat. 51.44. N. Pop. 1,232.
Bampton, X. Eng., in Deyon, on a branch of

the Ex ; 22 NW. Exeter, 167 W. London. Pop.
1,452. It has a weekly market on Wednesday ;
near it is a chalybeate spring. The principal
manufacture is serges.
Bamragur, X. Hind., Orissa ; 61 NW. Cattack.
Ban, r. Ireland, which passes through Lough
Neagh, and runs NW. into the sea, at Banhaven,
a few miles below Coleraine.
Ban, r. Hind., which runs into the ChumbuL,
20 SW. Dhootpour.
Banagher, X. Ireland, in King's county, on
the Shannon ; 25 W. Portarlington. Lon. 7.
54. W. Lat. 53. 6. N.
Banahoo Point, the N. extremity of Minda
nao. Lon. 125. 21. E. Lat. 9. 55. N.
Banal, t. Hind. ; 15 E. Lahore.
Banamapata, see Mocaranga.
Bananos, cluster of small islands in the At
lantic, near the coast of Guinea. Lon. 12. 30.
W. Lat. 8. 4. N.
Banares, see Benares.
. Banaru, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 30 W. Lar.
Banaul, X. Cachemire, in a district of the
same name ; 37 SE. Cachemire.
Banavolum, now Daventry.
Banaw, r Prussia, which runs into theFriseh
Haffe, 2 WNW. Heiligenbeil.
Banawara, X. Mysore. Lon. 76. 14. E. Lat.
13. 14. N. It has a good mud fort, is in a fine
open country, and contains about 500 houses,
many of which are inhabited by Bramins.
Banaz, X. A. Turkey ; 30 NW. Kara-hissar.
Banbunpara, X. Bengal ; 8 SW. Pucculoe.
Banbury, X. Eng., in Oxford, on the Cherwell ;
22 N. Oxford, 75 NW. London. Pop. 2,841. It
is a corporation town, and has a weekly market
on Thursdays. There is a manufacture of plush
and shag cloth.
Banco, isl. in the Indian Sea, about 100 miles
long, and 30 broad, with a chain of mountains
extending nearly its whole length ; it is popu
lous, and tolerably fertile. It lies ENE. of Su
matra, being separated by a narrow sea, called
the Straits of Banca. This island formerly be
longed to the king of Palembang, but is now in
the possession of the Netherlands ; and is cel
ebrated for its tin mines, first discovered in the
year 1710 or 1711, which yield immense quan
tities of ore, and appear inexhaustible. They
are worked by a Chinese colony, said to con
sist of 25,000 (according to others only 10,000,)
persons, under the nominal directions of the
king of Palembang, but for the account and
benefit of the Dutch company. Pop. about
80,000. Lon. 105. 15, to 106. 40. E. Lat 1. 27.
to 3. 4. S.
Banca, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, near NE.
coast of Celebes. Lon. 125. E. Lat. 1. 38. N.
Bancalaan, small isl. in East Indies, near SW.
coast of Palawan. Lon. 127. 18. E. Lat. 8
15. N.
Bancalia, small isl. in the Straits of Malacca,
near the coast of Sumatra, about 60 miles in
circ. Lon. 101. 54. E. Lat. 1. 38. N. '
Bancalis, X. Sumatra, the kingdom of Acheen,
with a European factory.
Barcallary, large town, with a fort and a
palace of the sultan, on W. end of the island of
Madura ; 20 Samanap.
Bawanwr, t. Hind., Malwa; 30 S. Tandla.

BAN

136

BAN

Bancapour, X. Hind., in Sanore, on the Toom,
opposite Sanore ; 24 NNW. Bisnagur.
Bancapour, X. Hind., in Boujepour ; 42 SSE.
Darwar. Lon. 75. 16. E. Lat. 14. 58. N. This
is a large town, and fortnerly a place of impor
tance. Bancaro, r. Africa, which falls into the Zaire,
15 NE. Concabella.
BancaWan, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, N. of
Bprneo. Lon. 117. 30. E. Lat 7. 13. N.
Banco, X. S. America, in Carthagena ; 10 N.
Tamalameque. Bancok, or Bankok, or Fou, t. Asia, in Siam,
on an island formed by the river Meinam, about
16 miles from its mouth ; 40. S. Juthia. Lon.
101. 5. E. Lat. 13. 40. N. It is defended by a
wall on the sides next to the land, and a half-
moon battery, mounted with some large can
non. Bancoogan, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, near
N. coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 18. 18. E. Lat. 6. 3. N.
Bancos, small isl. on NW. coast of Honduras.
Lon. 84. 46. W. Lat. 15. 24. N.
Bancoul, X. Sumatra, in Indrapoura, where
the English have a fort. Lat. 2. S.
Bancout, or Fort Victoria, fortress, Hind., in
Concan, on what is called the Pirate's Coast,
with a good harbour ; 60 S. Bombay. Lon, 72.
53. E. Lat. 18. 5. N. Here is a good trade in
salt, and the neighbourhood abounds in cattle.
Band, X. Hind., Golconda ; 20 W. Rachore.
Band, X. Persia, in Mecran ; 80 N. Kie. Lon.
60. 40. E. Lat. 28. 30. N.
Band, or Bando, see Batnir.
Banda Islands, group of islands, belonging to
Netherlands, in the Eastern Sea, lying E. of
the Celebes ; so called from Banda, the princi
pal of them. Lon. 130. 37. E. Lat. 4. 12. S.
They contain 5,763 inhabitants, though they
are said formerly to have contained 15,000.
Their chief produce is nutmegs, of which they
are competent to supply the want to the rest of
the world.
The names of the islands are Banda, or Lan-
tor ; Puloway, or Poolaway ; Pulo Run, or
Poolaron ; Neira, Gunong Assi, or Guanapee
Rosyngen ; Pulo Prampon, Pulo Suanjee Capal,
and Nylacky. The inhabitants are in alliance
with the Dutch East-India Company.
These islands can never be expected to yield
any advantage, besides that derived from the
spice trade. Entirely cut off from all other parts
of India, and deprived of all commerce, save a
trifling bartering with the indigent natives of
the south-eastern and south-western islands,
they are even destitute of the means of sub
sistence for their own inhabitants, and must
be supplied with every necessary from abroad.
Nature has lavishly bestowed upon them articles
of luxury, but has denied them those of indis
pensable necessity. Banda is likewise account
ed a most unhealthy place, especially at the
chief settlement of Neira ; some attribute this
circumstance to the neighbourhood of the vol
cano, in the island of Gunong Api, and others
to a deleterious quality in the water.
Banda, or Benda, X. Cochin China. Lon. 108.
58. E. Lat. 13. 36. N.
Bandachuar, X. Bengal ; 10 NW. Curruckdea.
Bandaluean, small isl. in E. Indian. Sea, near

S. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 122. 58. E. Lat. 7.
12. N.
Bandeer, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 44 SE. Gohud,
100 S. Agra. Lon. 79. 8. E. Lat. 24. 45. N.
Bandel, X. Bengal, on the Ganges, where a
colony of Portuguese settled formerly ; 2 N.
Hoogly. Bandel, s-p. Japan, on NW. coast of Niphon.
Lon. 131. 45. E. Lat. 34. 46. N.
Bandel d'Agoa, (an. Apocopa,) s-p. on E. coast
of Africa. Lon. 49. E. Lat. 8. 20. N.
Bandel Caus, X. Africa, on the coast of Adel.
Lat. 8. 15. N.
Bandel Velho, or Old Port, s-p. Africa, in
Magadoxa ; 50 NNE. Magadoxa.
Bandem, X. Concan-; 19 N. Goa.
Bandemgur, t. Hind., in Visiapour; 20 E.
Badammy. Bander-Abassi, see Gambron.
Banderas, large bay, in the Pacific Ocean, on
W. coast of Mexico, between Cape Corientes
and Tintoque Point. Lat. 20. 30. N.
Bandermalanka, X. Hind., in Rajahmundry ;
38 S. Rajahmundry.
Bandersandry, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 20 ESE.
Agimere. Banderonisi, chain of rocky islands, in the
Grecian Archipelago, near SW. coast of Paros.
Lon. 25. 7. E. Lat. '36. 58. N.
Banderpol, X. Hind., Orissa ; 30 W. Balasore.
Bandhoogur, X. Hind., Sohagepour ; 20 NW.
Sohagepour. Lon. 81.40. E. Lat. 23.48. N.
Bandi, r. Africa, in Calabar, in Lower Guinea,
which runs into Xhe sea by two channels, with
a town of the same name on an island at its
mouth, containing 300 H.
Banditti Island, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, at
S. entrance of the Straits of Lombok. Lon. 115.
30. E. Lat. 8. 44. S.
Bandon, r. Ireland, which empties itself into
the harbour of Kinsale, in Cork.
Bandon, or Bandonbridge, X. Ireland, in Cork,
on the river Bandon, 8 NW. Kinsale, 11 SW.
Cork. Pop. 14,120. It sends one member to
parliament, and has considerable manufactures
of cottons, camblets, ticking, Sic It contains 2
churches, a catholic chapel, a court house, 2
market houses, and a spacious quay on the S.
side of the river.
Bandora, X. Hind., on S. coast of Salsette ; 6
N. Bombay.
Bandt, small isl. in the German Ocean, near
the coast of East-Friesland. Lon. 6. 33. E.
Lat. 53. 36. N.
Bandshappour, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 6 E.
Jionpour. Bane, X. France, in Ardeche ; 3 S. Les Vans.
Baneas, (an. Balanea and Valania,) X. Syria
at the mouth of a river which runs into the
Mediterranean ; 24 S. Latakia, 34 N. Tripoli.
Baneas, or Banias, see Paneas.
Banee, or Bannee, small isl. in the English
Channel, near the coast of France ; 3 SW.
Ushant. Lon. 4. 55. W. Lat. 48. 25. N.
Baneza, (La,) t. Spain, in Leon ; 10 SSE.
Astorga. Banff, see Bamff.
Banga, X. Africa, Whidah, on the Slave coast.
Banga, X. Africa, in Congo ; 10 N. Bamba,
70 SW. St. Salvador. Lon. 13. 55. E. Lat. 7. §•

BAN

137

BAN

Bangah, t. Bengal ; 30 E. Silhet.
Bangadoony, branch of the Ganges, which
runs into the Bay of Bengal, Lon. 88. 50. E.
Lat. 21. 33. N.
Bangadoony, isl. in the mouth of the Ganges,
about 16 miles in circ. Lon. 87. 53. E. Lat.
22. 35. N.
Bagahan, small isl. near S. coast of Minda
nao. Lon. 122. 40. E. Lat. 7. 1. N.
Bangally, X. Bengal ; 35 ENE. Calcutta.
Bangalore, X. Hind., in Mysore, strongly for
tified ; formerly the capital of a kingdom ; 58
NE. Seringapatam. Lon. 77. 46. E. Lat. 12.
58. N. The town or pettah is of great extent.
The palace built by Tippoo is a beautiful struc
ture. The betel nut is the most considerable
article of trade. In the neighbourhood are
manufactures of silk and woollen. The inhabi
tants are chiefly Hindoos ; the military chiefly
Mahometans. Bangan, r. island of Lucon, which runs into
the sea, Lon. 120. 48. E. Lat. 18. 42. N.
Bangangas, X. on S. coast of Mindanao. Lon.
123. 45. E. Lat. 7. 18. N.
Bangor, X. on N. coast of Lucon. Lon. 121.
27. E. Lat 18. 40. N.
Bangarah, branch of the Ganges, which runs
into the Bay of Bengal, Lon. 87. 5. E. Lat. 21.
47. N.
Bangarim, X. Lower Siam, on W. coast, in a
bay of E. Indian Sea ; 160 S. Tennasserim.
Lat. 8. 58. N.
Bangassi, X. Africa, in Fooladoo. Lon. 4. 50.
W. Lat. 14. 0. N. It is a considerable town,
and strongly fortified.
Bangermow, X. Hind., in Oude ; 37 W. Luck
now. Lon. SO. 32. E. Lat. 26. 50. N.
Bangey, cluster of small islands, in the Mo
lucca Passage. Lon. 124. 15. E. Lat 1. 45. S.
Bango, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, near the
coast of Siam. Lon. 98. 42. E. Lat. 7. 48. N.
Bangong,X. Bengal; 36 NNE. Calcutta.
Bangor, p-t. and cap. Penobscot co. Maine,
at the head of the tide and of navigation on W.
side of Penobscot river; 34 N. Castine, 52 N.
Owl's Head, at the mouth of Penobscot Bay, 68
NE. Augusta, 125 NE. Portland, 240 NE. Bos
ton, W. 690. Lon. 68. 45. W. Lat. 44. 45. N.
Pop. in 1810, 850; in 1820, 1,221. It contains
a court-house, a bank, an athenaeum, a print
ing office, an academy, and a theological semi
nary. It is a flourishing town, and has a very
pleasant situation, remarkably favourable for
commerce. The river is navigable as far as
the town for vessels of 3, or 400 tons, but freezes
in the winter to the distance of 12 miles below.
The shipping owned here, in 1816, amounted
to 1,710 tons.
The theological seminary, called the Maine
Charity School, was incorporated in 1814, and
went into operation at Hampden, in 1816 ;
since which it, has been removed to this town.
It has 2 professors, I of classical literatare, and
1 of theology, and [1822] 24 students. Young
men preparing for the ministry receive tuition
frtee of expense, and the indigent have further
assistance. The course of education is com
pleted in 4 years. The requisitions for admis
sion are a knowledge of common arithmetic,
English grammar, the first 4 books of Virgil's
Vol. I. 18

.iEneid," the 4 orations of Cicero against Cati
line, and in Greek, the 4 Evangelists. A public
exhibition is held on the last Wednesday in
August. There are two vacations ; the 1st
from the exhibition, 4 weeks; the 2d from the
first Wednesday in January, 8 weeks.
Bangor, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y, ; 9 W. Ma
lone, W. 612. Pop. 370.
Bangor, city, N. Wales, in Carnarvon; 16
SW. Aberconway, 251 NW. London. Lon. 4.
8. W. Lat. 58. 20. N. Pop. of the parish 2,393.
Bp. see. The town is small of only one street,
half a mile in length ; it is situated at the head
of a bay to which it gives name, at the northern
extremity of the Menai Straits, which divide
Anglesea from the main land. The diocess ex
tends over the county of Carnarvon, greater
part of the county of Merioneth, part of Den
bighshire, and the island of Anglesea.
Bangor, s-p. Ireland, in Down, with a large
bay or harbour, on S. side of Belfast Lough ; 10
NE. Belfast. Lon. 5. 33. W. Lat. 54. 39. N.
Bangor, or Bangor Monachorum, (an. Ba
rium, or Bonium,) v. N. Wales, in Flintshire,
on the Dee ; 6 SE. Wrexham. Though now
small, it was once the site of a famous monas
tery. Bangri, X. on W. coast of Siam, at the mouth
of a river. Lon. 98. 19. E. Lat. 8. 46. N.
Bangroo, X. Bengal; 35 ESE. Doesa.
Bangue, r. Africa, which runsinto the Atlan
tic, Lat. 7. 42. N.
Banguey, isl. in E. Indian Sea, about 50 miles
in circumference, near N. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 117. 20. E. Lat. 7. 15. N. (
Banguisea, X. Africa, in the kingdom of Bur-
sali; 40 NNW. Kower.
Banhangur, X. Hind., in Goondwana; 74
SSW. Benares.
Banho, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 10 NE. Viseu.
Bani, small district, Africa, in Calabar, con
taining 9 or 10 villages.
Bani, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 10 S. Troia.
Bania, r. Croatia, which runs into Lenia.
Baniac, small isl. near W. coast of Sumatra,
in the Indian Sea. Lon. 96. 48. E. Lat. 1.
42. N.
Banjaluka, or Bagnaluka, X. Eu. Turkey, cap
ital of Bosnia, the residence of a pacha ; 26 S.
Gradisca, 144 W. Belgrade. Lon. 17. 9. E. Lat.
45. 4. N. Fop. 15,000. H. 2,700. The houses
are meanly built. The surrounding country i3
fruitful, and contains several warm baths.
Banjar Jlfamm, X. Borneo, capital of a king
dom of the same name, where the Dutch have
a factory and a small fort. Lon. 114. 50. E.
Lat. 3. S. H. 300, chiefly builtof bamboos. A
junior merchant is stationed here with about 25
or 30 soldiers. The object of this establish
ment is chiefly the collectfon or purchase of
the pepper anid rough diamonds produced in
the country; The contract entered into with
the king obliges him to deliver annually 600,000
pounds, at 3 stivers per pound.
Banjarce, X. Hind., Allahabad; 24 S. Maher.
Banica, X. St. Domingo ; 40 SE. Cape Francois.
Ba Nimma, i. Africa, which runs into Lake
Dibbie. Banina, (an. ffita,) chain of mountains in
Greece, running from Thermopyla to Pindus.

BAN

138

BAN

Benlsenle, t. Africa, capital of Denlila. Lon.
10. 40. W. Lat. 12. 34. N.
Banissant, t. on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon 50. 28. E. Lat. 15. 25. S.
Bankala, isl. in E. Indian Sea, about 20 miles
in circumference, near E. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 122. 51. E. Lat. 2. 30. S.
Bankapour, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 9 NW. Ser
ingapatam, 60 SW. Bedanore.
Bankasoy, X. Lower Siam, on W. side of the
gulf ; 70 S. Juthia. Lon. 100. 38. E. Lat. 13.
12. N.
Bankibasar, X. Bengal, in Hoogly ; 10 N.
Calcutta. Bankipour, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 5 W. Patna.
Bankodang, small isl. in E. Indian Sea. Lon.
118. 2. E. Lat. 5. 12. S.
Bankok, see Bancok.
Bank's Island, isl. in S. P. Ocean, on SE.
coast of Tavai Poenammoo, from which it is
distant about 15 miles ; of a circular form, 60
miles in circ, and sufficiently high to be seen
12 or 15 leagues. The land has a broken, irre
gular surface, with the. appearance of barren
ness rather than fertility ; yet it was inhabited,
for the smoke was seen in one place, and a
few straggling natives in another. Lon.. of S.
point, 172. 41. E. Lat. 41. 32. S.
Bank's Island, isl. in N. Pacific Ooean, near
W. coast of N. America ; about 60 miles long,
and 5 broad. Lon. 129. 45. to 130. 10. W.
Lat. 53. 30. N.
Bank's Port, bay, on W. coast of N. A. Lon.
185. W. Lat. 56. 40. N. -
Banksera, X. Bengal, in Hoogly ; 18 SSE.
Calcutta. Bankybazar, X. Bengal, on the E. bank of the
Hoogly ; 16 N. Calcutta.
Bonn, r. Ireland, which rises in Dromore,
about 8. E. Newry, passes through Lough
Neagh, and runs into the North Sea, 4 NW.
Coleraine. Bannalec, X. France, in Finisterre ; 4 SE.
Rosporden, 6 NW. Quimperle. Pop. 4,750.
Bannbridge, X, Ireland, in Down, on the
Bann ; 12 NNE. Newry, 20 W. Downpatrick.
Bannec, small isl. in the English Channel,
near the coast of France. Lon. 4. 55. W. Lat.
48. 25. N.
Bannegon, X. France, in Cher ; 26 SSE.
Bourges. Pop. 566.
Banniachung, X. Bengal, in Silhet ; 35 SW.
Silhet. Banniascry, t. Hind., Oude ; 12 NE. Fyzabad.
Bannigunge, X. Bengal, inGoragot; 6 NW.
Goragot. Bannockburn, v. Scot., in Stirlingshire, on
the Bannock, which falls into the Frith of Forth
near Stirling; 4 E. Stilling, 31 W. Edinburgh.
Here a battle was foughtbetwcen the English,
commanded by Edward II., and the Scots,
commanded by Robert Bruce, on the 24th of
June, 1314, in which the English were defeated
with great loss. Here too James III. king of
Scotland, in 1487, was defeated by his subjects,
wounded and soon after murdered by a priest
taking his confession.
Bannow, s-p. Ireland, in Wexford, near SE.
coast of Ireland ; ' 11 ESE. Waterford. Lon.
6, 50. W. Lat. 52. 12. N.

Bannya, X. Bengal, in Kishenagur; 18 N.
Kishenagur. Bannychock, X. Hind., Bahar ; 14 N. Bahaf.
Bono, small isl. in the Baltic, E. Aland. Lon.
20. 24. E. Lat. 60. 6. N.
Banon, t. France, in Lower- Alps ; 8 NW.
Forcalquier. Pop. 945.
Banoncourt, X. France, in Meuse ; 4 N. St.
Mihiel. Banos, X. Peru; 85 N. Lima.
Bonos, X. S. A. in Quito; 30. N. Riobamba.
Banos, t. Spain, in Leon ; 30 PlacentiaL
Pop. 1,200.
Banow, see Bunnoo.
Banque, or Bangue, r. Guinea, which runs
into the Atlantic, Lat. 7. 45. N.
Bansdah, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 35 SE. Surat.
Bansen, t. Prussia, in Ermeland ; 18 ESE.
Heilsperg. Bansey, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 45 ENE.
Fyzabad, 120 NE. Allahabad. Lon. 83. 14. E.
Lat. 27. 7. N.
Bansgurry, t. Hind., Oude ; 10 NW. Luck
now. Banskara, X. Hind., in Oude ; 45 S. Bereilly.
Banswaleh, circar, Hind, situated in SW.
part of Malwa.
Banswarah, X. Hind., Malwa; 75 W. Ougein,
105 ENE. Amedabad. Lon. 74. 25. E. Lat
23. 25. N.
Banswareh, t. Hind., in Tellingana ; 20 SV7.
Indelovoy. Bansy, X. Bengal, in Oude ; 46 NE. Fyzabad,
Lon. 83. 14. E: Lat. 27. 7. N.
Bant, small isl. on the coast of Germany, at
the mouth of the Ems. Lon.7.E. Lat. 35. 3. N.
Bantam, s-p. on NW. coast of Java, and cap
ital of a kingdom ; 50 W. Batavia. Lon. 106.
3. E. Lat. 6. 4. N. It is situated in a bay famed
formerly for having been in early times the
principal rendezvous of the shipping from Eu
rope in the East. It is a town of considerable
extent, but is fortified only on the land side.
It is built wholly of Bamboo, and stands on the
bay of Bantam, near the mouth of a river. The
town is now in ruins, but the remains attest its
ancient splendour. The sultan has ceased to be
an independent prince, and the country is now
in the possession of the Netherlands. It was
the great mart for peppei and other spices,
from whence they were distributed to the rest
of the world. The chief factory of the Eng
lish, as well as the Dutch East-India company,
was settled there.
The kingdom of Bantam, which forms the
western divisions of Java, is about 400 miles in
circ It has the smallest population of all the
divisions of Java. The population has been
lately stated at 231,604. The air here is in
general very unhealthy, and the mortality often
great. All the islands in the straits of Sunda-,
from Prince's Island to Hog Island, belong to
the kingdom of Bantam.
Bantam Point, the NW. extremity of Java.
Lon. 105. 57. E. Lat. 5. 51. S.
Bantay, small isl. in E. Indian Sea. Lon. 120.
35. E. Lat. 17.51.N.
Banteln, X. Hanover, in Calenberg; 18 E.
Hameln. In it is a carpet manufacture.
Banton, or Baton, or Baniayan, one of the

BAR

139

BAR

Smaller Philippine islands, in the sea of Mindo-
ro. Lon. 121. 50. E. Lat. 13. 3. N.
Bantonsillo, small isl. near the SW. coast of
Banton. Bantry, t. Ireland, in Cork, on E. coast of a
bay, to which it gives name, on S. coast of Ire
land ; 36 W. Kinsale, 40 SW. Cork.
Bantry Bay, called also Bearhaven, from an
island which is in it ; a large bay of the Atlan
tic, on SW. coast of Ireland, and county of
Cork. There is not, perhaps, in the world a
finer bay than this, being 26 miles long, and
from 3 to 5 broad. The tides move very gently
right in and out through the whole bay. Above
Bear island, which defends them from SW.
winds, ships ride perfectly safe and quiet. Lon.
9. 24. to 9. 45. W. Lat. 51. 30. to 51. 40. N.
Bantzenheim, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 14
N. Huningen.
Banlwa, t. Hind., Guzerat ; 20 S. Junagur.
Banub, (an. Onuphis,) X. Egypt ; 52 WNW.
Mansora. Banville, X. France, in Calvados ; 7 E. Bay-
eux, 9 NNW. Caen.
Banwyl, t. Switz., Berne ; 20 NNE. Berne.
Banybumra, X. Hind., Orissa; 17 S. Koonjoor.
Banyouwangy, Dutch settlement, fort, native
village, Java, on E. coast on a river of the
same name. Lon. 114. 20. E. Lat. 8. 15. S. Pop.
80 Malay and Chinese families.
Banz, or Bantz, v. Bav., in Maine, with a Be
nedictine abbey; 3 WNW. Lichtenfels. Pop. 60.
Banza, X. Congo, now called St. Salvador.
Banza Avari, X. Africa, in Loango, near the
sea. Lat. 4. 10. S.
Banzkow, X. Ger., in Mecklenburg] Schwerin ;
6 S. Schwerin.
Baol, or Baul, km. Africa, in the country of
Senegal, about 240 m. long, and 24 wide.
Baol, or Lamaby, X. Africa, and capjtal of the
Kingdom of Baol. Lat 14. 40. N.
Boons, (Les,) t. France, in Lower-Seine; 7
N. Caudebec.
Baoon, or Apoom, one of the new discovered
islands in S. P. Ocean. Lon. 186. 17. W. Lat.
16. 26. S.
Baoncotty, X. Thibet ; 35 NNW. Sirinagur.
Bapata, X. Africa, in the countiy of Foulis,
on the Senegal ; 48 SE. Goumel.
Bapata, X. Hind., Guntoor ; 25 N. Mootapilly.
Bapaume, strong t. France, principal place of
a district, in Straits-of-Calais; 3 posts S. Arras,
and 19^ N. Paris. Lon. 2. 56. E. Lat. 50. 6. N
Pop. 3,145.
Bapispe, t. New Mexico, in New Navarre ;
200 SSE. Casa Grande.
Baptaca, X. N. Mexico, in New Navarre ; 45
ESE. Casa Grande.
Bar, t. Arabia; 56 SE. El Catif.
Bar, X. Hind., in Bahar, on S. side of the
Ganges; 15. N. Bahar, 30 ESE. Patna. Lon
85.52.E. Lat. 25. 28. N.
Bar, or Boar, X. Switz., in Zug ; 2 N. Zug.
Bar, see Barr, and Anlivari.
Bar, see Boer.
Bar, X. France, Correze ; 3 N. Tulle. H. 200.
Bar, or Boer, t. Russia, in Podolia; 45 ENE.
Kaminiec, 27 WNW. Braclaw. Lon. 27. 52. E
Lat. 49. 5. N. Pop. 1,218. In March 1768, a
catholic confederation of the Polish bishops
and nobles was held here, to protect the rel-

gion of the country from the encroachments of
dissenters, supported by Russia.
Bar, (Le,) X. Prance, Var ; 7 NE. Grasse.
Pop. 1,140.
Bar sur Aube, X. France, and the principal
place of a district, in Aube ; before the revolu
tion, the seat of a governor; 25£ posts SSE.
Paris. Lon. 4.47. E. Lat. 48. 14. N. Pop. 4,030.
Bar le Due, or Bar sur Ornain, X. France,
capital of Meuse, on the Ornain; 21 SSE. St.
Menehoulde, 27 W. Toul. Lon. 52. 15. E. Lat
48. 47. N. Pop. 7,803. It contains a hospital
and 7 churches, and is a considerable town,
divided into Upper and Lower ; the separation
being formed by a castle, called Bar; and was
as it were a barrier between Franceand Lor
raine. Bar sur Seine, X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Aube, situated at the foot of a
mountain, on the Seine ; 16 SE. Troyes. Lon.
4. 27. E. Lat. 48. 7. N. Pop. 2,299. It has 3
gates and a hospital.
Bar, (Duchy of) before the revolution, a
countiy of France, situated W. of Lorraine, 96
miles long and 16 wide. The aspect of the
country is various, and divided into hills and
plains ; wood, wine, corn, game, and fish
abound. It now forms a part of the departments
of the Meuse, Meurthe, and Moselle.
Bara, see Paros.
Bara, X. on NW. coast of the island of Bouro.
Lon. 126. 33. E. Lat. 3. 16. S.
Baraba, large plain, Russia, full of marshes
and lakes between Tarra and Tomsk, inhabited
by different tribes, under the name of Baraben-
zy ; 600 versts from N. to S. and 400 from E.
to W.
Barbaiaco, X. Aust. Italy, in Milan, on the
Colona ; 12 W. Milan.
Barabra, country, Nubia, on W. side of the
Nile, bordering on Egypt.
Barabuttee, fortress, Hind., of considerable
strength, and is the citadel of the city of Cut-
tack. Baracan, t. on N. coast of the island of Mas-
bate. Lon. 123. 42. E. Lat. 12. 17. N.
Barace, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 6
ESE. Chateauneuf, 12 NNE. Angers.
Baracoa, s-p. Cuba; 50 NE. St. Jago. Lon.
74. 25. W. Lat. 20. 22. N. Pop. 3, or 4,000.
Baracoe, X. Africa, on the Gold Coast. Lon. 1.
25. W. Lat. 5. 28. N.
Baracola, X. Africa, on N. side of the Sene- ¦
gal. Lat. 13. 50. N.
Baraconda, see Barraconda.
Barajuk, X. Turkish Armenia; 35 S. Arzingan.
Barafat, X. Africa, in Fonia, on a peninsula
formed by the Gambia, and two other rivers.
Barago, one of the mouths of the river Ava.
Baragon, small isl. on the coast of Hindoos
tan, near Salsette.
Barahat, X. Hind., in Sirinagur. Lon. 7S. 22.
E. Lat. 30. 48. N. The houses are built of large
stones with a slated roof.
Barai, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 21 E. Kooshaub.
Baraiche, X. Hind., in Oude, capital of a dis
trict. Lon. 81. 36. E. Lat. 27. 31. N.
Barampour, X. Hind., Bahar; 13 W. Arrah.
Baron, r. India, which runs into the Kamets,
near Adeenagur.
Baranca, X. Peru, in Lima ; 20 NNW. Guaina

BAR

140

RAB

Baranea del Malambo, s-p. S. A. in New Gre
nada, at the mouth of the Magdalena ; 75 NE.
Carthagena. Lon. 75. 8. W. Lat. 11. 39. N. It
has a good harbour, and some commerce,
chiefly in salt.
Baranea del Rey, X. S. A. in Carthagena ; 40
SE. Carthagena.
Barancas, X. S. America, in Buenos-Ayres;
288 NNW. Buenos-Ayres.
Barancas, (Las,) X. New Mexico ; 130 SSE.
Santa Fe.
Baranei Stanitz, t. or settlement in Siberia,
onnhe Lena; 52 NE. Vitimskoi. Lon. 113. 14.
E. Lat. 54. 50. N.
Barania, or St. Yago, r. Mexico, which runs
from lake Chapala, and falls into the P. Ocean,
Lat. 22. N.
Baranillo, X. Naples, in the Molise ; 9 SSE.
Molise. In 1805, this place was greatly dam
aged by an earthquake.
Baranow, X. Aust. Galicia; 16 S. Sendomir,
Baranow, X. Prussia, in Posen. Pop. 506.
Baranowka, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 40 ENE.
Constantinow. Baranya, co. Hungary, bounded N. by the
eo. of Tolna, E. by co. Tolna and the Danube,
S. by Sclavoniafand W. by the co. Schumeg.
Pop. 203,895. Sq. m. 1,929. Chief town, Funf-
kirchen. Produce, wine, fruits, fish, Sic
Barao, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 6 Jaca.
Barapulla, X. Hind. ; 10 S. Delhi.
Baraquicimeto,r. New Grenada, which, join
ing the Pao, forms the Portughessa.
Baraquecimeto, see Segovia Nueva.
Bararoua, t. Brazil, on Negro ; 200 WNW.
Fort Rio Negro.
Barasel, X. Bengal ; 8 NE. Calcutta.
Barasze, X. Russia, Volhynia ; 36 NNW. Zito-
miers. Baralaria, bay, or gulf, Louisiana, 18 miles
long from N. to S. Lon. 90. W. Lat. 29. 20. N.
Baralaria, r. Louisiana, which runs south into
a bay of the same name.
Barataria, isl. on N. side of the Gulf of Mex
ico, at the entrance cf Barataria bay ; 55 NW.
Balize. Lat. 29. N. It is a healthy island, a
strong military position, and affords a safe and
capacious harbour for merchant vessels, and
light ships of war. The island ,was fortified at
both ends in 1811, by the pirates under M. La
Fitte. In its rear is a fine tract of countiy
adapted to sugar.
Baratier, X. France, in Higher-Alps ; 2 S.
Embrun. Barau, t. Bohemia, in Prachatitz ; 8 NNE.
Prachim, 60 S. Prague. Lon. 13. 57. E. Lat.
49. 8. N.
Baravel, one of the Ladrone islands. Lon.
142. 28. E. Lat. 12. 44. N.
Baravoe, bay and village on SE. coast of
Yell. Lon. 1. 18. W. Lat. 60. 50. N.
Barawnay, X. Hind., in Candeish; 45 NE.
Burhampour, 74 SSE. Indore. Lon. 76. 51. E;
Lat. 21. 53. N.
Barba, Guatimala, in Costa-Rica ; 22 SSW.
Cartago. Barbacena, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 10 NW.
Elvas. Barbacoa, X. New Grenada, in Popayan, on
the Tolembi ; 110 WSW. Popayan 120 N. Qui
to. Lon. 78. W, Lat. 1. 50. N.

Barbacoa, X. S. A. in Venezuela, on E. of lak»
Maracaybo ; 75 S. Venezuela.
Barbadillo, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 32 SSE.
Burgos. Barbadoes, one of the Carrbbees, and the
most eastern of the West India islands, suppos
ed to have been discovered by the Portuguese,
but belonging to the English ; 20 leagues E.
St. Vincent, 28 SE. Martinique. Lon. 59. W.
Lat. 13. 10. N. It is 21 miles long, and 14
broad, containing 106,470 acres, most of which
is under cultivation. It is divided into 11 par
ishes, and contains 4 towns, viz. Bridgetown,
the capital, Speight's Town, Austin's Town, and
Jamestown. Pop. in 1786, 16,167 whites, 838
free people of colour, and 62,115 slaves; in
1811, 16,289 whites, 3,392 free people of col
our, and 62,258 slaves ; total 81,939. Slaves in
1817, 77,273.
The climate is very hot, but the air is pure
and moderated by the constant trade winds;
but it is subject to dreadful hurricanes. The
soil in the low lands is black, somewhat red
dish in the shallow parts, on the hills of a chalky
marl, and near the sea generally sandy. Of this
variety of soil, the black mould is best suited to
the cultivation of the cane, and with the aid of
manure, has given. as great returns of sugar, in
favourable seasons, as any in the West Indies,
the prime lands of St. Christopher's excepted.
The houses of the planters are very numerous
all along the country, which with the luxuriant
productions of the soil, and the gently swelling
hills, form a delightful scene. The average
annual exports for 8 years, from 1740 to 1748.,
were 13,948 hogsheads of sugar of 13 cwt,
12,884 puncheons of ram, of 100 gallons, 60
hogsheads of molasses, 4,667 bags of ginger,
600 bags of cotton, and 327 gourds of allpes.
The exports, on an average, in 1784, 1785, and
1786, had fallen to 9,554 hogsheads of sugar,
5,448 puncheons of rum, 6,320 bags of ginger,
8,331 bags of cotton, exclusive of some smaller
articles. Value of exports in 1809, £450,760, in
1810, £271,597. Imports in 1809, £288,412, in
1810, £311,400.— The Moravians have 2 mi.sr
sionaries, and the Methodist Society one on
this island.
Barbadoes, (New,) X. Bergen co. N. J. Pop.
2,592. Barbalissus, now Balis.
Barbana, X. Istria ; 7 NNE. Pola.
Barbanicola, small isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago, near the coast of Natolia. Lon. 27. 9,
E. Lat. 36. 43. N.
Barbano, small isl. in N. part of the Adriatic,
near the coast of Friuli. Lon. 13. 28. E. Lat.
45. 45. N.
Barbantane, X. France, in Vaucluse, at the
conflux of the Durance and the Rhone ; 4 SW.
Avignon, 8 N. Tarascon. Pop. 2,309.
Barbar, t. Algiers; 50 SW. Tipsa.
Barbara, X. Adel ; 80 E. Zeila.
Barbara, or Barboro, isl. on E. coast of Afri
ca, opposite the town of the same name. It
produces an abundance of corn and fruits.
Barbarano, t. Friuli ; 12 E. Aviano.
Barbarein, v. on SW. coast of Ceylon. Lon.
79. 55. E. Lat. 6. 33. N.
Barbaren, X. Prussia, Jn Culm ; 4 N. Thorn.
Barl/aria, now Ajam.

BAR

141

BAR

Barbaricum, now Cape Espichel.
BARBARY, or Barbary States, ..large country,
Africa, bounded N. by the Mediterranean Sea,
E. by Eygpt and the deserts of Lybia, S. by
Sahara or the desert, and W. by the Atlantic
Ocean. Its utmost extent, from E. to W. 1,200
miles, and its breadth from N. to S. 320, but
the breadth is less or more in different places.
Divisions. The Barbary States consist of Mo
rocco including Fez, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
Climate. The climate is pleasant and tempe
rate, yet the country is subject to destructive
ravages by the plague. The thermometer sel
dom sinks more than 5 degrees below freezing
point. Mountains. The Atlas range forms the most
Striking feature of the country, extending along
the southern frontier of Morocco, Algiers, and
Tunis. The most lofty summits are in the wes
tern part.
Face of the country, soil, &/-C. The space in
tercepted between the Atlas range and the sea,
a space from 50 to 200 miles wide, is mostly
level, the soil loose and sandy, watered by in
numerable streams from the mountains, and
displays the most exuberant fertility. Its pro
ductions are maize, rice, millet, peas, beans,
lentils, and various kinds of excellent fruits.
The country lying between the Atlas range and
the Great Desert, is mostly sandy and barren,
but produces dates in such abundance that it is
called Biledulgerid, or the country of dates.
Minerals, fyc. Salt, antimony, iron, copper,
and silver are found. Saltwater is more com
mon than fresh.
Animals. The domestic animals are nearly
the same as in Europe. The lion, panther,
hyena, and other ferocious animals are very
numerous in the mountainous and desert tracts.
There is also a great variety of insects, of which
the most formidable is the locust, which often
appears in immense swarms, and commits the
most destructive ravages.
Inhabitants. The inhabitants are divided into
4 classes ; 1st, Moors, who are the ruling peo
ple, and form the chief inhabitants of all the
cities ; 2d, Jews, who reside in the cities and
have the management of trade ; 3d, Arabs, who,
with their flocks and herds, occupy the interior
and pastoral districts ; 4th, the Brebers, who
are descended from the ancient natives, and
are a strong, athletic race, inhabiting the moun
tain districts, living in fixed villages, and cul
tivate the ground. The religion of all these
classes, except the Jews, is Mahometanism.
Barbary, p-v. Roane co. N. C. ; W. 389.
Barbary Point, cape on W. coast of Africa,
at the entrance of the river Senegal. Lon. 16.
31. W. Lat. 15. 53. N.
Barbas, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic. Lat. 22. N.
Barbasote, s-p. Fez, a little W. Ceula.
Barbaslro, see Balbrasto.
Barbata, r. Africa, which rises in the western
province of Algiers, and joins the Taphna, 1 S.
Tackumbreet Barbato, r. Spain, which runs into the Atlan
tic, between Cadiz and the Straits of Gibraltar,
about 27 S.. Cadiz.
Barbato, or Puerto Barbato, s-n. Spain, in An

dalusia, on the coast of the Atlantic, near the
mouth of the river Barbato.
Barbalre, X. France, La Vendee, on the island
of Noirmoutier ; 6 SE- Noirmoutier. Pop.2,396.
Barbeau, r. Canada, which runs into the Uta-
was, Lon. 76. 55. W. Lat. 46. 56. N.
Barbela, or Vcrbela, r. Africa, which joins
the Zaire, near its mouth.
Barbera, see Berbera.
Barberano, X. Popedom, 6 m. from Bieda.
Barberian, isl. in the Indian Ocean ; 45 W.
Ceylon. Lon. 80. E. Lat. 6. 24. N.
Barberino, X. Tuscany, at the foot of the Apen
nines, on the river Sieve ; 4 W. Scarperia, 16
N. Florence.
Barbern, X. Semigallia ; 14 SE. Mittaw.
Barbezieux, X. France, principal place of a
district, in Charente ; 5 SSW. Angonlesnie, 63*
posts SSW. Paris. Lon. 0. 4. W. Lat. 45. 28. N.
Pop. 1,984. Near it is a medicinal spring.
Barbo, r. Mexico, which rises in Honduras,
and runs into the Spanish Maine, 40 SE. Cape
Cameron. Barbonne, X. France, in Marne ; 4 S. Sezanne.
Pop. 1,200.
Barboursville, p-v. Orange co. Va. ; W. 113.
Barboursville, p-t. and cap. Knox co. Kentuc
ky ; W. 556. Pop. in 1810, 55.
Barbuckpour, small pr. Bengal, bounded N.
by Janguirpour, E. and S. by Bettooriah, and
W. by Bettooriah and Dinagepour.
Barbucksing, small pr. Bengal, between Burd
wan and Birboom.
Barbuda, or Barbauthos, one of fhe-Carribee
islands, about 21 miles long, and 12 wide. .
Lon. 61. 50. W. Lat. 17.44. N. Fop. 1,500.
The land lies low, but it is fertile, and the inhab
itants are chiefly employed in breeding cattle,
sheep, kids, fowls, and other stock, which they
dispose, of to the neighbouring islands ; they
likewise cultivate citrons, pomegranates, oran
ges, raisins, Indian figs, maize, cocoa nuts, pine
apples, pepper, Indigo, Sic. The island has no
harbour, but a well sheltered road on the west
side. Barbue, r. N. America, which runs into lake
Michigan, Lon. 85.47. W. Lat. 43. 2.N.
Barbue, or Orwell, r. Canada, which runs in
to lake Erie, Lon. 80. 30. W- Eat 43. 53. N.
Barburata, small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near E. coast of Ruatan. Lon. 86.50. W. Lat
16.26. N.
Barby, co. Upper-Saxony, of small extent,
annexed to Prussia in 1815. It was given in
1748 and 1765 to the count of Reuss, and the
Society of United Brethren, or Moravians.
Barby, X. Prussia, in Saxony, government of
Magdeburg, on the Elbe, near the mouth of
the Saale ; 14 NW. Dessau, 14 SSE. Magdeburg.
Lon. 12. 0. E. Lat 52. 0. N. Pop. 2,775.
Here is a Moravian academy for the instruction
of youth.
Barca, (an. Libya,) countiy, Africa, part of
Barbary, lying W. of Egypt, at present belong
ing to the Turks, and governed by a sangiac,
dependent, on the bashaw, who resides at Trip
oli ; 690 miles long and 180 broad. The climate
is very unequal ; along the coast the land is fer
tile and well peopled, bu,t the interior is sterile
and desert. The chief towns are Derne the

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capital and residence of thesangiac, Tolometa,
Curen, and Bingazi. Sq. m. estimated at 88,000,
and pop. at 300,000.
Barca-, X. Barca ; 6 S. Tolometa, 45 SW. Cu
ren. Lon. 20. 25. E. Lat 32.26. N. v.
Barcalore, X. Cochin ; 22 E. Cranganore.
Borcanii, now Balkan.
Barcan, see Barken.
Bacarato, X. Spain, in Estramadura; 4 from
Almendral. Pop. 2,400.
Barcelona, (an. Barcinona,) city and s-p.
Spain, cap. of Catalonia, on the Mediterranean;.
39 ENE. Taragona, 276 ENE. Madrid. Lon. 2.
10. E. Lat. 41. 27. N. Pop. 111,500. H. 10,200.
Bp. see. It is said to have been built by the
Carthaginian Hamilcar, the father of Hannibal,
250 years before Christ ; and is one of the larg
est, handsomest, and most commercial cities
in Spain, and distinguished for the1 industry of
its inhabitants.
It is very favourably situated for foreign
commerce, and the amount of its annual trade,
outward and inward, is computed at upwards
of £1,750,000. It has extensive manufacturing
establishments, 30 calico presses, many looms
for silk, wool, and cotton, and manufactories of
muskets, pistols, swords, hats, laces, ribbons,
stockings, and soap.
The town is elegantly built, has 9 parish
chh., 34 cloysters, 6 colleges, 6 hospitals, a the
atre, and a dock-yard, and contains a number
of magnificent public edifices.
It is built in the form of a semicircle, on the
bank of the sea, in a large plain, and is divided
into Old and New Town, separated from each
other by a wall ; and the whole defended by
thick walls, bastions, horn works, large and
lofty ramparts, and deep ditches; with a cita
del built on a mountain called Montjoui ; it is
however too extensive to be easily guarded
and defended, on which account it has always
been taken when attacked.
The harbour is spacious, commodious, and
always full of vessels, but is sometimes dange
rous ; it daily fills up, and requires continual
care, and an immense expense, to keep the en
trance open.— In 1821, about 20,000 of the in
habitants of this city were carried off by the
yellow fever.
Barcelonelta, X. Spain, in Catalonia ; built
on a neck of land which runs from Barcelona
to the sea. Pop. 13,000.
Barcelonelta, X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Lower-Alps ; 12 SE. Embrun,
24 NNE. Digne. Lon. 6. 44. E. Lat. 44. 23. N.
Pop. 1,898. It is situated on the right bank of
the Ubaye, in a valley of excellent pasturage.
Barcelona, Barcelonelta, or Cumanyolla t.
* Venezuela, in Cumana, and principal place of a
district ; 42 W. Cumana. Lon. 64. 44. W. Lat.
10. 7. N. Fop. 14,000. It has considerable
trade with the West Indies. The chief articles
of export are hides, beef, tallow, oxen, and
mules. It is situated in an unhealthy spot.
Barcelonelta, X. S. A., on the Garoni. Lon.
63. W. Lat. 7. 8. N.
Barcelonne, X. France, in Gers, and district of
Nogaro, on the Adour ; 9 SW. Noearo, 27
WNW. Mirande. Pop. 842.
Barcelore, (supposed an. Barace,) s-p. East-

Indies, in Canara, with a good harbour, on the
coast of Malabar, between Goa and Mangalore.
Lon. 74. 14. E. Lat. 15. 30. N. It carries on
considerable trade with the Arabs of Mascat in
rice and pepper.
Barcelos, t. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-Min-
ho, not far from the sea, on the river Cavado;
8 W. Braga. Pop. 1,500.
Barchin, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 120 SE. Sir-
gian. Barchstede, X. Holstein ; 12 NE. Hamburg.
Barehul, X. Spain, in Grenada ; 15 Guadix.
Barcyn, or Barczin, X. Prussia, in Posen, cir
cle of Bromberg, on the Netze. Pop. 544.
Bard, v. and fortress, Piedmont, at the en
trance of the valley of Aosta, in a narrow
defile between mountains, by the side of the
Dora Baltea; 17 SSE. Aosta. Pop. 183.
Barda, or Parlha, X. Saxony, in Leipsic; 2
SW. Grimma.
Bardan, X. Arabian Irak ; NW. Bagdad.
Bardes, isl. near W. coast of Hind., about 40
miles circumference, a little N. Goa.
Bardewick, X. Han., in Luneburg, on the II-
menau ; supposed to be one of the most an
cient towns in Germany; 4 N. Luneburg. Lon.
10. 28. E. Lat. 53. 18. N. Pop. 1,434.
Bradewisch, X. Oldenburg, and co. of Del-
menhorst ; 6 N. Delmenhorst.
Bardi, X. Parma, on a rock near the small
river Ceno, and capital of a marquisate, to
which it gives name ; 26 W. Parma. Here is a
magnificent castle.
Bardi, X. on W. coast of the island of Sibu.
Lon. 123. 21. E. Lat. 10. 38. N.
Bardia, X. on E. coast of Lower Siam, near
the gulf. Lon. 99. 30. E. Lat. 10. 52. N.
Bardia, or Pulo Bardia, small isl. in the gulf
of Siam. Lon. 99. 40. E. Lat. 10. 48. N.
Bardiano, X. Hind., Cutch, on the road from
Rudunpour to Tatta ; 50 N. Boogebooge.
Bardin, X. Persia, Kerman ; 42 N. Kerman.
Bardis, X. Egypt, and residence of a scheik,
whose authority extends a considereble way
along the Nile ; 6 S. Girge.
Bardo, see Bard.
Bardoe, one of the Faroe islands. Lat. 61.
55. N.
Bardoil, or Bardilloi, (an. Belius,) r. Arabia,
which runs into the Red Sea, Lat. 23. 5. N. >
Bardoneche, X. Piedmont, situated in a valley
to which it gives name ; 6 WNW. Exilles, 10
N. Sezane. Pop. 930.
Bardop, r. Eng., which runs into the Read, 6
NW . Ellsdon, in Northumberland.
Bardsey, or Yynis Enlli, i. e. the Island of
Saints, or the Island of the current, isl. in the
Irish Sea, on the coast of Wales, about 2 miles
in circ and 3 from a projecting point of Caer
narvonshire, and NW. extremity of Cardigan
bay. Lon. 4. 44. W. Lat. 52. 48. N.
Bardshir, or Kevasbir, X. Persia, in Kerman ;
55 ENE. Sirgian. Lon. 58. 20. E. Lat. 29.
50. N.
Bardstown, see Bairdstown.
Bardi, see Barth.
Bardubilz, see Pardubilz.
Bare, isl. S. Pacific Ocean, near E. coast of
New Zealand ; it is high land, not fertile, but
inhabited. Lat. 39. 56. S.

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Bare Mountain, an eminence of the high
lands, N. Y., on the Hudson ; 1,350 feet high.
Barealah, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundella ; 10
NW- Mundella.
Bareatly, X. Cochin, on the borders of Dindi
gul ; 60 E. Cochin.
Barebone Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs in
to the Ohio, Lon. 85. 50. W. Lat. 38. 25. N.
Bare-grass Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs
into the Ohio, Lon. 86. 8. W. Lat. 38. 6. N.
Baree, pr. Hind., in Lahore, between the ri
vers Rauvee, Beyah, and Setledge.
Barege, see Barrege.
Barefields, p-v. Liberty co. S. C. on the Lit
tle Pedee; W. 412. Lon. 79. 23. W. Lat. 34.
12. N.
Bareilly, see Bereilly.
Barekdewar, X. Candahar ; 30 WSW. Ghizni.
Barelly, X. Hind., in Oude ; 41. SSE. Luck
now. Lon. 81. 33. E. Lat. 26. 14. N.
Baren, r Ger., which runs into the Roer,
near Schwiert, in the county of Mark.
Baren, t. Switz., in the Valais ; 25 E. Sion.
Barenda, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 20 NE. Chittra.
Barenda,X. Hind., in Aurungabad, 105 E. by
S. Poonah. Lon. 75.51. E. Lat 11. 19. N. It
is a large city, now much decayed, with a stone
fort. Barenfels, X. Gotha ; 2 W. Altenburg.
Barenstein, or Bernstein, X. Saxony, Meissen ;
17 S. Dresden. Lon. 13. 46. E. Lat. 50. 45. N.
Barenlin, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 9. NW.
Rouen. Barenton, X. France, in Channel, at the
source of the Ardee ; 20 ESE. Avranches, 4
SE.Mortain. Pop. 3,117.
Bares, t. Italy ; 20 N. Burgamo.
Baresund, strait or channel, Sweden, branch
ing off from the Baltic between Stegeberg and
Soderkiopping. In it is a custom-house, where
all vessels are searched.
Bareszti, X. Moldavia; 15 S. Dorohoi, 60
NNW. Jassy.
Bareton, El, (an. Paratonium,) s-p. Lybia, on
the coast of the Mediterranean ; 150 W. Alex
andria. Lon. 27. 20. E. Lat. 31. 5. N.
Bareulh, see Bayreuth.
Bareux, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 5
SE. Mauleon.
Barflew, s-p. France, in Channel ; 12 E.
Cherburg. Lon. 1.15. W. Lat. 49.40. N. Pop.
893. It was at one time the best port on the
coast of Normandy ; but in the year 1346, it
was taken and pillaged by Edward III. king of
England, and the harbour destroyed.
Barga, X. Tuscany, on the Serchio ; 6 miles
from Lucca. Pop. 2,000. Native, Peter Angeli.
' Bergdintown, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. ; W.
194. Bargazar Point, cape on the coast of Ice
land. Lon. 16. 38. W. Lat. 66. 18. N.
Bargi or Barges, X. Piedmont ; 8. S. Pinero-
la. Pop. 6,905.
Bargi le Chdtel, t. France, in Ain ; 13
WNW. Bourg-en-Bresse.
Bargemont, X. France, in Var; 6 NNE. Dra-
guignan, 15 WSW. Grasse. Pop. 1,780. Mo-
reri was born here in 1643.
Bargenlu, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 32
SE. Kiutaja.

Bargsride, t. Prussia, in Ermeland, on th?
Alia; 7 NNW. Allenstein.
Bargon, X. Genoa ; 8 W. Brugneto.
Bargong, X. Hind., in Candeish; 25 N. Bur-
hampour. Bargota, X. Spain, Navarre; 18 Estella.
Bargstedt, X. Bremen, on the Aue ; 8 S. Stade.
Barguzin, r. Siberia, which runs into lake
Baikal, near Barguzinsk.
Barguzinsk, X. Siberia, on E. coast of lake
Baikal, on the river Barguzin ; 104 NE. Irkutsk.
Lon. 110. 14. E. Lat. 53. 30. N.
Barg-nagash, pr. Abyssinia, Tigre, in which
the town of Arkiko is situated.
Barham, X. Eng., in Kent, 6 Canterbury,
Pop. 816. It gives name to Barham Downs,
where the Canterbury races are held.
Barhoolna, X. Hind., in Bahar; 4 NW. Bahar.
Bari, s-p. Naples, on the coast of the Adriat
ic, once the capital of the province of the same
name ; 18 E. Trani, 120 ENE. Naples. Lou.
16. 56. E. Lat. 41. 7. N. Pop. 18,191. Abp.
see. It is well built, contains 12 chh., and has
considerable trade in wine, oil, and fruit
Bari, (an. Apulia, Peucetia,) pr. Naples,
bounded N. and NE. by the sea, E. and SE. by
Otranto, S. by the Basilicata, and W. by the
Capitanata. About 62 miles long, and rather
more than 20 in its mean breadth. It produces
corn, wine, oil, cotton, saffron, and fruits.
There are 16 towers built to defend the coasts
from corsairs. The principal towns are Bari,
Trani, the present capital, Bitonto, Barletta,
Altamura, Gravina, Molsetta, Viseglia, and
Andri. Ofanto is the only river. Pop. 331,305.
Sq. m. 1,620.
Bari, X. Hind., in Visiapour; 30 SW. Raibaug.
Baria, now Veria,
Barjac, X. France, in Gard ; 14 W. Pont St.
Esprit, 30 N. Nismes. Pop. 1,383.
Bariazed, t. Persia, in Kerman ; 57 SW. Sir-
gian. Baricourt, X. France, in Ardennes ; 9 NE.
Grandpre. Pop. 272.
Barilla, X. Hind., Gurry Mundela ; 30 E. Gurra.
Barilloviiz, X. Croatia, on the Korana ; 10 S-.
Carlstadt. Barin, t. Natolia ; 12 S. Amasreh.
Barinas, see Varinas.
Barjols, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Var ; 27 N. Toulon, 24 E. Aix. Lon,
6. 5. E. Lat. 43. 39. N. Pop. 3,025. It is situated
in a charming country.
Bariquiecmento, see Baraquicemenlo.
Boris, now Isbarteh.
Bark River, r. N. America, which runs into1
the Mississippi. Lon. 91. 56. W. Lat. 43. 34. N.-.
Barke, (Nor,) X. Sweden, in Dalecarlia ; 22
WSW. Hedemora.
Barke, (Soder,) X. Sweden, in Dalecarlia; 29
SW. Hedemora.
Barkau, X. Holstein ; 8 NW. Plon.
Barkebo, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 12 NNW.
Calmar. Barkhampsted, p-t. Litchfield co. Con.; IS
NE. Litchfield, W. 368. Pop. 1,532.
Barking, X. Eng., in Essex, on a creek in the
river Rothin, to which it gives name, near the
Thames, from whence goods are brought up to
the quay ; 5 SW, Rumford, 7 E. London, 11 S

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Epping. Pop. 2,421. It has a weekly market
held on Saturday.
Barkoo, t. Hind., Canara ; 16 S. Barcelore.
Barkope, X. Bengal ; 25 SSE. Boglipour.
Barku, or Barraku, t. Africa, Agouna, where
the Dutch have a fort.
Barku; (Little,) X: Africa ; 4 Barku.
Barkway, X. Eng., in Herts; 16J S. Cambridge,
34i N. London. Pop. 686.
Barlad, see Birlat.
Barlaimont, or Barlemont, X. Netherlands, in
Hainaut; 12 SE. Le Quesnoy. Pop. 1,600. On
the 18th of June, 1794, the allied troops of
Austria and Prussia were defeated near this
town by the French republicans, with the loss
of 2,000 men.
Barle, r. Eng, which rises in Somersetshire,
on the borders of Devonshire, and runs into the
Ex, 5 miles below Dulverton.
Barlenga, small isl., the principal of a cluster
in the Atlantic, about 9 miles from W. coast of
Portugal ; with a fortress ; these islands are
called Borlings. by the English seamen ; the
greater part are mere rocks. Lon. 9. 24. W.
Lat. 39. 20. N.
Barletta, s-p. Naples, in Bari, on the Adriatic ;
4 W. Trani. Lon. 16. 20. E. Lat. 41. 19. N.
Pop. 15,925. This town has from without a
ruinous aspect ; its walls tumbling down, and
its ditches filled with rubbish. But the inside
of the city is magnificently built, though thinly
peopled ; it conveys the idea of a capital of
some mighty state, reduced to the condition of
a conquered province, or depopulated by a
raging pestilence. Its streets are wide and well
paved ; the houses large and lofty, built with
hewn stone, which from age has acquired a
polish little inferior to that of marble. The
exports here are salt, corn, almonds, and liquo
rice, a root that grows spontaneously in the
swamps. The air is accounted unwholesome
during the hot months.
Barley Cove, creek, on SW. coast of Ireland,
between Mizenhead and Browhead, in the
county of Cork. Lon. 9. 40. W. Lat. 51. 24. N.
Barlipanetole, t. Ceylon ; 55 E. Calitoor.
Barlow, X. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 316.
Barlow's Cove, harbour, on N. coast of Ad
miralty Island, in N. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 225.
14. E. Lat. 58. 22. N.
Barmach, rocky mt. Persia, in Schirvan, near
*,he Caspian Sea, whither many Armenians re
sort annually out of devotion ; near Nisabad.
Barmancotty, X. Thibet ; 5 S. Sirinagur.
Barmen, X. Pru. Dusseldorf, in a fertile valley,
10 which it gives name ; 5 N. Lennep. Pop.
2,505. Barmouth, s-p N. Wales, in Merioneth, in a
bay, to which it gives name, at the mouth iff
the Maw or Avon ; built on the side of a m; "" *
tain, so that the houses appear one
,another ; 8 SW. Dolgelly. Pop. 1,500.
company resort in the summer season to bathe
in the sea ; and there are two markets weekly,
Tuesday and Friday.
Barmstadt, or Barnstedt, or New Ronton, X.
Holstein, injhe cb. of Barnstadt, orRanzau ;
12 E. GJuckstadt, 17 NNW. Hamburg. Pop.
300. See Ranzau.
' Barn Tavern, p-v. Southampton co. Va. ; W.
Il75.

Barnach, small isl. near W. coast of Ireland,
near Black-Sod-Bay.
Barnach, v. Eng., in Northamptonshire ; 3
Stamford. Pop. 366.
Barnagur, t. Bengal, on the Ganges ; 5 N.
Calcutta. Barnard, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. ; 26 NW.
Windsor, W. 484. Pop. 1,691.
Barnard's Castle, X. Eng., on the Tees, in
Durham, which takes its name from a castle ;
254 N. London. Lon. 1. 59. W. Lat. 54. 41. N.
Pop. 2,986. Market on Wednesday.
Barnardston, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 5 N.
Greenfield, 96 WNW. Boston, W. 413. Pop.
912. Here is a quarry of marble.
Barnasne, mountains, Ireland, in the county
of Kerry ; 8 SW. Killarney.
Barnaul, t. Siberia, on W. side of the Oby ;
100 SSE. Kolyvan. Pop. 6,000. H. 1,200. It is
famous for its mines of copper, silver, and gold,
which are wrought by 48,000 boors, beside
regular miners.
Barnby-upon-Dun, t. Eng., in W. Riding of
Yorkshire ; 5 E. Doncaster. Fop. 433.
Barnegat, or Limestone, v. in Poughkeepsie,
Dutchess co. N. Y. ; 5 S. Poughkeepsie village.
Here is a large number of lime kilns, and great
quantities of lime are manufactured here, and
sent to New York.
Barnegat, bay and inlet, on E. coast of N. J. ;
68 ENE. Cape May. Lon. 73. 45. W. Lat. 39.
47. N.
Barnera, see Bernera.
Barnesley, X. Eng., in the W. Riding of York
shire ; 15 W. Doncaster. Pop. 5,014. There
is a considerable manufacture for wire, as like
wise for hard ware ; another for linen, and
another for glass bottles. It has a market on
Wednesdays, and 3 yearly fairs.
Barnesmore, mt. Ireland, in the Donegal ; 8
NE. Donegal.
Barnesville, p-v. Belmont co. Ohio ; W. 318.
Barnet, t. Eng., partly in Hertfordshire, and
partly in Middlesex, with a weekly market on
Monday; 11 N. London. Pop. 1,579.
Barnet, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; on the Con
necticut ; 8 SE. Danville, 32 E. Montpelier, W.
329. Pop. 1,448.
Barnet's Tavern, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. W.59.
Barneveldt, or Barnefeld, X. Neth., in Gueld-
erland ; 10 ESE. Amersfort, 14 NW. Amheim.
Pop. 4,770.
Barnevelts Islands, two small, flat islands, near
the coast of Terra-del-Fuego. Lon. 66. 58. W.-
Lat 55. 40. S.
Barneville, t. France, in Channel, and district
of Valognes; 12 WSW. Valognes, 15 SSW.
Cherburg. Pop. 840.
Barnoldswick, manufacturing village, Eng., in
W. Riding of Yorkshire, near Settle. Pop. 892.
Bamsborough, v. Gloucester co. N. J. ; 14.SE,
Philadelphia. Barnstable co. SE. part of Mass., comprising
the whole of the peninsula of Cape Cod, which
is connected with the county of Plymouth by
an isthmus, extending from Barnstable Bay to
Buzzard's Bay. The soil is mostly sandy and
poor, and the inhabitants derive their subsistence
in great part from the sea. Pop. in 1810, 22,211;
in 1820, 24,026.

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Barnstable, s-p. and cap. Barnstable co. Mass.,
on Barnstable Bay ; 66 SSE. Boston, W. 484.
Pop. in 1810, 3,646; in 1820, 3,824. The har
bour has a bar at the mouth, which prevents
the entrance of large vessels ; but the inhabi
tants carry on considerable trade in the cod-
fisheries and coasting business.
Barnstaple, srp. Eng., on the river Taw, in
Devon ; 40 NNW. Exeter, 51 W. Taunton, 191
W. London. Lon. 4. 4. W. Lat. 51. 12. N.
Pop. 4,019. It was anciently surrounded with
walls, and defended with a castle, had the lib
erties of a city, and a good harbour ; but the
harbour is now shallow, so that vessels cannot
come up to the town, yet it has considerable
trade ; and the markets held weekly, on Fri
days, are large for cattle, corn, and provisions.
It is a borough town, and sends 2 members to
parliament. Barnstaple Bay is an opening in
the Bristol Channel, by the union of the rivers
Taw and Towridge. — Native, John Gay.
Barnstead, p-t. Strafford co. N. H, 26 ENE.
Concord, 32 NW. Portsmouth, W. 563. Pop.
1,805. Barnstorf or Berndorf t. Hanover, in Die
pholz ;' 8 N. Diepholz. Pop. 984.
Barntrup, t. Ger:, in Lippe Detmold; 4 NE.
Blomberg. Pop. 931.
Barnwell, district, S. C. Pop. in 1810, 12,280;
slaves 4,153. Pop. in 1820, 14,750. At the court
house there is a p-*v. on Turkey Creek ; W. 609.
Baroaeh, (an. Barygaza,)X. and fortress, Hind.,
in Guzerat ; 34 N. Surat, 80 S. Amedabad. Lon.
72. 68. E. Lat. 21. 45. N. It was once cele
brated as the greatest port and emporium of
India. Numbers of ancient drachma; have
been found here, inscribed with Greek letters
and the names of Apollodotes, and of Menan-
der, king of Bactria, who also reigned in this
part of India ; and had, among other conquests,
added Pattalena to his former dominions. The
city of Barochia stands on a rising ground, sur
rounded with water ; it is washed by the Ner-
budda, the ancient Namadus. It is now inhab
ited by weavers and other manufacturers of
cotton ; the neighbourhood producing the best
in the world.
Baroche sous Luce", (La,) X. France, in Orne ;
4 SSE. Domfront.
Baroda, t. Hind., Berar ; 25 NW. Chanda.
Barolle, X. Hind., in Benares ; 46 W. Be
nares. Baron, X. France, in Oise ; 10 ESE. Senlis.
Barone, mt. Naples, in Capitanata ; 15 NE.
Manfredonia. Baronella, X. Naples, Molise ; 5 NE. Boyano.
Baronlch, s-p. Hind., on the Nerbudda ; 38 N.
Surat Baronstown, t. Ireland, in Louth ; 6 WNW.
Dundalk. Baroogong, t. Hind., in Aurungabad; 10 E.
Jaffierabad. Baroongan, t. on E. coast of Borneo. Lon.
116.42. E. Lat. 2. 46. N.
Bans, or Barros, s-p. of Celebes, where the
Dutch have a factory and settlement. Lon. 1 19.
15. E. Lat. 1. 24. S. Here is a good market for
opium and cloth.
Bans, or Baroos, t. on W. coast of Sumatra,
abundant in gold, camphor, and benzoin-; but
Vol. I, 19

admitting no foreign commodities. Lon. 97. 55,
E. Lat 1. 54. N.
Barosin, small isl. Adriatic. Lon. 15. 22. E.
Lat. 44. 7. N.
Barota, X. Hind., in Malwa; 20 NE. Indore,
Barouah, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 40 SSW.
Ganjam. Baroud, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 15 E. Nagore.
Barowecz, X. Poland, Lublin; 36 N. Lublin.,
Barques Point, cape, on NE. of Sagana Bay,
in lake Huron. Lon. 82. 59. W. Lat. 44. 20. Ni
Barque River, r. Missouri, which runs into
the Missouri, Lon. 93. 14. W. Lat. 38. 43. N.
Barquisimeto, X. Venezuela; 110 WSW. Ca
raccas, 440 NNE. Santa Fe de Bogota. Lat. 9.
45. N. Pop. 11,300. It is situated on an elevat
ed plain, and is regularly laid out and well
built. The surrounding country is fertile.
Barr, or Bar, t. France, in Lower-Rhine ; %
WNW. Benfelden. Pop. 3,996.
Barr,r. Ireland, which runs into the Foyle,
near Lifford.
Barra, or Bar, km. Africa, near the mouth of
the Gambia, on the borders of it, which extends
about 60 miles. The Mandingoes form a con
siderable part of the inhabitants. They are.
Mahometans-; have public schools, and are
more civilized than any other on the Gambia.
Pop. estimated at 200,000. Barra, or Barra
Inding, the capital, is a populous town, near
the point of Barra, on N. side of the Gambia.
Lon. 16. 45. W. Lat. 13. 25. N.
Barra, or Barray, one of the Western Islands
of Scotland ; about 6 miles long, and 2 and a
half broad ; 5 S. island of South-Uist Lon. 7.
30. W. Lat. 57. 0. N. The principal produce is
barley and potatoes; great quantities of cod
and ling are caught on the east coast, 30,000 of
the latter having one year been sent from this
island to Glasgow. Shell-fish abound here, such
as limpets, muscles, wilks, clams, spout-fish or
razor-fish, lobsters, crabs, Sic. Sic; but what is
singularly beneficial to the inhabitants, is the
shell-fish called cockle. Pop. 1,925.
Barra, X. Hind., in Orissa; 24 WSW. Cattack.
Barra, X. Hind., in Oude ; 15 S. Corah.
Barra, small isl. North Sea, about 27 miles
from Cape Wrath, the NW. extremity of Scot
land. Lon. 5. 40. W. Lat. 58.58. N.
Barra, X. Abyssinia ; 10 W. Dobarowa.
Barrabaa, X. Africa, in Magadoxa.
Barrackpore, X. Hindoostan, on N. side of the
Ganges ; 15 miles from Calcutta. •
Barraconda, considerable t. Africa, in Woolly,
on the ^Jambia, at the head of tide waters, 400
above its mouth, and where formidable cata
racts obstruct the navigation ; 10 E. Medina.
Barrad, t. Arabia ; 40 SE. Saade.
Barrady, r. Syria, (supposed to be the Abana,
of holy writ,) which passes by Damascus, and
supplies the fountains with water; soon after
which it loses itself in a lake.
Barragon; Bay of, in the river La Plata, 12
miles below Buenos Ayres to the SE. Ships,
after discharging their cargoes in lighters in the
roadstead of Buenos Ayres, go to the bay of
Barragon to wait for their outward cargoes.
The bay is very open and exposed, and the
land about low.
Barramaul, or Barra-Mahul, low tract of

BAR

146

BAR

country, Hindostan. The meaning of the Word
is 12 paces, having in it 12 forts, situated on
rocky, commanding eminences. Of these, Kist-
nagheri is reckoned the strongest. Situated be
tween Mysore and the subah of Arcot.
Barran, t. France, in Gers ; 6 SW. Auch, 6
N. Mirande. Pop. 700.
Barrance, X. Peru, with a harbour, on the P.
Ocean. Lat* 10. 38. S.
Barrapalong, X. Bengal, in Chittigong ; 66 S.
Islamabad. Barrapara, t. Bengal ; 50 NNE. Dacca.
Barrasur, t. Bengal ; 15 S. Palamow.
Barrary, X. Hind., Oude ; 36 ESE. Fyzabad.
Barrasat, X. Bengal ; 8 S. Kishenagur.
Barraset, t. Bengal ; 10 NNE. Calcutta.
Barratalla, branch of the river Hoogly, which
runs into the bay of Bengal. Lon. 88. 21. E.
Lat. 21. 35. N.
Barraux. X. France, in Isere ; 18 S. Grenoble.
Pop. 1,3 12.'
Barre, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 24 NW.
Worcester, 64 W. Boston, W. 417. Pop. 2,077.
This is a very valuable township, and produces
great quantities of beef, butter and cheese.
Barre, p-t. Washington co. Vt. : 7 SE. Mont
pelier, W, 524. Pop. 1,965.
Barre, X. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 16 NNW. Bata-
via. Pop. 1,767.
Barre, X. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,387.
Barri, X. France, in Lozere ; 6 S. Florae, 18
WNW. Alais.
Barre, (La,) X. France, in Eure ; 9 SSE. Ber-
nay, 18 WSW. Evreux. Pop. 491.
Barreah, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 18 SE. Godra.
Barreah, circar, Hind., in Guzerat.
Barrege le, Bains, t. France, in Upper Pyre
nees, in a valley, at the foot of the Pyrenees ;
6 posts S. Tarbes. Lon. 0. 8. E. Lat. 42. 53. N.
Fop. 670. Here are a number of medicinal
springs of different degrees of heat, from luke
warm to nearly scalding-hot; from 95 to 113
degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. The wa
ters are limpid, unctuous or oily to the touch,
and in taste and smell said to resemble eggs, on
which a hen has sat some time. They are used
both for bathing and drinking.
Barreiras, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 19. 45. S.
Barreiro, X. Portugal, in Estramadura, on the
left bank of the Tagus ; 6 SE. Lisbon.
Barrels, rocks, near S. coast of the county of
Wexford, in the Irish sea; 5 SW. Carnsore
Point. Lon. 6.24. W. Lat. 52. 9. N.
Barrels, rocks, near S. coast of Ireland, in
Courtinaschery-bay, on the coast of Cork. Lon.
8. 38. W. Lat. 51.37. N.
Basel's Sound, bay on W. coast of N. A.
Lon 131. W. Lat. 52. N.
Barr&me, X. France, in Lower- Alps ; 10 SSE.
Digne. Pop. 643.
Barren, co. Ken., S. of Green River. Pop.
in 1810, 11,286; slaves 1,724. Pop. in 1820,
10,328. Chief town, Glasgow.
Barren Creek, r. which rises in SW. corner
of Delaware, and runs-into the Nanticoke, 2 S.
Vienna. Barren Inlet, channel of the Atlantic, be
tween two small islands, on the coast of N.
Carolina. Lon. 77. 55. W. Lat. 34. 14. N.

Barren Island, small isl. in Chesapeak Bay,
Lon. 76. 20. W. Lat 38. 30. N. _
Barren Island, isl. in E. Indian Sfea, about
18 miles in circ. and 54 E. Great Andaman ;
Lon. 94. 10. E. Lat. 12. 18. N.
Barren Islands, cluster of small islands in N,
Pacific Ocean, near W. coast of America, a lit.
tie S. Cook's Inlet. Lon. 151. 46. W. Lat. 58.
56. N.
Barren River, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Green River, between Warren and Logan
counties. Barren River, (Little,) r. Kentucky, which
runs into Green River, W. of Greensburg.:. )¦
Barreone, r. Piedmont, which runs intothe
Vesubia, near St. Martin, in Tenda.
Barriconda, X. Hind., in Barramaul ; 20 NNW.
Darampoory. Barricourt, t. France, in Ardennes ; 18 S. Se
dan, 9 NE. Grandpre.
Barrier Islands, range of islands 30 miles ia
length, at the mouth of the river Thames, hear
E. coast of New-Zealand. Lon. 184-. 27. W.
Lat. 36. 11. S.
Barriga Negra, r. Buenos Ayres, which rises
160 NE. Monte Video, and flows into Lake
Meri. The countiy around is well watered,
and there are great breeding estates, many of
which are stocked with from 60,000 to 200,000' \
head of cattle. '•'¦ "
Barrihar, X. Hind., in Oude ; 18 NW. Man-
ickpour. Barrihua, t. Asia ; 70 S. Macaumpour.
Barrile, t. Naples, in Basilicata ; 7 WSW.
Venosa. Barrington, t. Nova-Scotia, on S. coast; 16
SW. Shelburn.
Barrington, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 28 NW.
Portsmouth, W. 517. Fop 1,610., Crystal spar,
black lead, iron ore, alum, and vitriol are found
here. In the SE. part of the town, there is a
cave called the Bear's Den.
Barrington, (Great,) p-t. Berkshire co. Mass.;
14 S. Lenox, 125 Boston, W; 352. Pop. 1,908.
Barrington, p-t. Bristol co. R. I., on W. side **
of Warren ; 7 N. Bristol, 8 SSE. Providence,
W. 414. Pop. 634.
Barrios, Dos, X. Spain, a few miles from Gib
raltar. Pop, 1,000.
Barripour, X. Bengal ; 14 S. Calcutta. Lon.
88. 21. E. Lat. 22. 21. N.
Borro, t. on W. coast, of Celebes. Lon. 120.
6. E. Lat. 4. 3. S.
Barrossa, v. Spain, in Andalusia, and on the
island of Leon near Cadiz.
Barros de Ziwiga, shoal at the entrance of
the port of St. Diego, on the coast of New-Al
bion, half mile NtkPoint de la Loma.
Barrow, X. Eng., iq Leicestershire, on the
Soar; 3 N. Mountsorrek Pop. 1,303.— Native,
bp. Beveridge.
Barrow, r. Ireland, which rises in N. part of
Queen's co. and runs into Waterford bay.
Barrow, (Little,) r. Ireland, which runs into
Barrow ; 4 E. Porlarlington.
Barrow Point, cape on S. coast Ireland, in
the co. Cork ; 5 E. Kinsale. Lon. 8. 21. W,
Lat. 51. 43. N.
Bartulo, X. on N. coast of Borneo. Lon. 112.
25. E. Lat. 3. 18. N.

BAR

147

BAS

Barry, small isl. in, the Bristol channel, near
S. coast of Wales ; 3 W. Flat Holm.
Barrysvitte, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N.C.; W. 448.
Bars, or Borsch, co. Hungary, containing the
two mining towns of Kremnitz and Konigsberg,
12 market towns, 188 villages, 55 Catholic par
ish churches, 2 Lutheran, and 1 Reformed.
Pop. 115,779. Sq. m. 103,304.
Bars, or Bersenburg, t. Hungary, in Bars, on
the Gran ; 8 W. Leventz. It was once a cele
brated fortress.
Barsac, t. France, Gironde, on the Garonne ;
18 SSE. Bordeaux. Fop. 2,583.
Barsalium, now Bersel. .
Barsallach Point, cape, Scot., on the coast of
the county of Wigton, in Luce bay ; 8 NW.
Burrowhead. Barsalli, km. Africa, on the banks of the
Gambia, inhabited by Jaloffs.
Barsampse, see Beer.
Barsen, see Betzirvan. '
Barshdorf v. Silesia, in Liegnitz ; 2 SE. Lieg-
nitz ; remarkable for a battle between the Aus-
trians and Prussians in 1757. Pop. 730.
Basers, X. Norway ; 50 NE. Romsdal.
Barshonlu, or Bartshenlu, X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia; 40 E. Kiutajah. .
Barsin,X. Persia, Chorasan ; 100 NW. Herat.
Barsin, large plain of Turkestan, near Tash-
kund, where Timur Bee encamped after his
return from the conquest of Capchac.
Barsir, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 60 NE. Sirgian.
Barsoe, small isl. in the Little Belt. Lon. 9.
35. E. Lat. 55. 7. N.
Bart, X. Lancaster co. Pa. ; S. of Strasburg.
Pop. 1,423.
Barlapour, X. India, in Kemaoon, on an isl
and in the Ganges ; 93 E. Bereilly, 90 N. Luck
now. Lon. 81. 32. E. Lat. 28. 20. N.
Barlen, or Barthen, t. Pru., in Konigsberg,
capital of a small country, called Bartenland ;
40 SE. Konigsberg: Lon. 21. 24. E. Lat. 54. 7.
N. Pop. 1,335. It is a small well built town
with a castle or palace.
Bartenstein, X. Prussia, in Konigsberg, on the
Alle ; 28 S. Konigsberg. Lon. 20. 63. E. Lat.
54. 10. N. Pop. 3,454.
Bartenstein, X. and castle, Wurtemberg ; 6 S
Weickersheim. Pop. 961.
Barth, or Bardt, t. Prussia, in Pomerania ; 12
NW. Stralsund. Lon. 12. 44. E. Lat. 54. 23. N.
Pop. 3,238. It gave name to a principality in
Anterior Pomerania, in a bay of the Baltic.
Barth-Head* cape on W. coast of South Ro-
naldsha. Lon. 2. 51. W. Lat. 58. 38. N.
Barthe de Nestes, (La,) t. France, and prin
cipal place of a district, in Higher-Pyrenees ;
18 SE. Tarbes. Lon. 0. 29. E. Lat. 43. 4. N.
Pop. 400.
Barthelemy, r. which rises in Arkansas, and
after a course W. of S. of about 150 miles, joins
the Ouachitta, 3 miles below the Derbane in
Louisiana. Bartholomew, see St. Bartholomew.
Bartlett, p-t. Coos co. N. H. ; SE. of the
White Mountains ; 85 N. Portsmouth, W. 572.
Pop. 511.
Barlolsdorf, X. Prussia ; 24 S. Heilsperg.
Barton, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 39 NNE. Mont
pelier, W. 564. Pop. 372>

Barton, r. Vermont, which rises in BillymeacI,
and runs NNE. into lake Mcmphremagog.
Barton-on-Iwell, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 6
SW. Manchester. Fop. 6,948.
Barton, X. Upper Canada, at W. end of Lake
Ontario. Barton-upon-Humber, X. Eng., in Lincoln, on
S. side of the Humber, from whence passage
boats go every day to Hull, 7 miles across ; 34
N. Lincoln, 166 N. London. Lon. 1. 27. W.
Lat 53. 40. Pop. 2,204. There is a weekly
market on Mondays.
Barton-under-Needwood, t. Eng., in Stafford
shire ; 8 NE. Litchfield. Pop. 1,066.
Barton's Creek, r. Tennessee, which runs into
the Cumberland, about 10 miles above Clarks-
ville. Barlrach, isl. in the bay of Killalla, at the
mouth of the river Moy ; 2 miles long and half
broad, 2 NE. Killalla. Lon. 9. W. Lat. 54. 13. N.
Bartsch, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder;
7 miles above Gros Glogau.
Bartsan, X. Hungary ; 14 NNE. Szeben.
Bartus, X Hungary ; 16 NW. Palotza.
Barua, see Dobarua.
Baruchela,X. Italy,Rovigo; 16WSW.Rovigo.
Barud, X. Egypt, on E. side of the Nile ; 7
SE. Manfalout.
Barud, t. Egypt, on E. side of the Nile ; 12
S. Dendera.
Barud, t. Egypt, on W. side of the Nile ; 18
S. Siut.
Barver, t. Hanover, in Diepholz ; 6 ENE.
Diepholz. Barum, t. Hanover, in Luneburg ; 10 S. Lu
neburg. Barun Islands, cluster of small islands in the
Indian Sea, near W. coast of Madagascar. Lon.
44. 25. E. Lat. 18. 20. N.
Barussa, now Nicobar Islands.
Barulh, t. Pru. Saxony, in Potsdam, with a
citadel, which gives name to a lordship; 22
SSE. Potsdam, 34 NE. Wittenberg. Lon. 13.
25. E. Lat. 53. 3. N. Pop. 920. '
Barulh, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia ; 7 NE.
Budissen. Pop. 270.
Barwalde, see Baerwalde.
Barwara, X. Bahar ; 10 NW. Durbungah.
Barwary, t. Bahar; 42 NNE. Hajypour.
Barwell's Islands, small oval island, in the
Mergui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 8. N.
Barzeto, X. Italy, in Parma; 17 SSW. Parma.
Barzis, t. Italy, Friuli ; 4 N. Aviano.
Bas, or Batz, small isl. France, English chan
nel, near the coast of France, with a fort to
defend the road, Lon. 3. 55. W. Lat. 48. 45. N.
Pop. 380.
Bas en Basset, X. France, rin Upper-Loire ; 3
NW. Monistrol, 19 N. Le Puy. Pop. 5,335.
Basain, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 15 E. Jyepour,
Basalchok, t. Hind. ; 12 SSW. Bahar-.
Basanali, t. Hind.; 15 S. Bahar.
Basarschick, or Bazardgik, t. Eu. Turkey, in
Romania, on the Marizza ; 15 NW. Philipopoli,
Basay, X. on S. coast of the island of Samur.
Lon. 124. 59. E. Lat. 11. 28. N.
Basbagee, t. Hind-; 16 W. Agimere.
Basberg, X. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 6 NW. Com
moliau. Basbochjt Nubia; 10 NE. Sennaar

BAS'

148

BAS

IBascara, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Flu-
Via ; 15 NNE. Gerona.
Bascharage, X. Neth., in Luxemburg, not far
from the town of Luxemburg. Pop. 840.
Baschi, X. Italy, in Spoleto ; 9 SW. Todi.
Basciano, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 4 SSE.
Teramo. Bascon, t. France, in Landes ; 6 SE. Mont
de Marsan.
Basculumbai, t, Natolia ; 36 E. Pergamo,
Basdepour, t. Bengal ; 20 N. Dacca.
Baseleee, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 7 SSW.
Volfurara. Basenheim, X. Bavaria; 2 E. Marckt Ener-
sheim. Baseten, see Bassatin.
Basford, X. Eng., in Nottinghamshire ; 3 N.
Nottingham. Pop. 2,940.
Bashan, fertile district, Canaan, E. of the
Jordan, and the sea of Tiberias ; and N. of the
Jabbok. It was famous for its cattle.
Bashe, t. Syria ; 24 SW. Bambouch.
Bashee Islands, seven islands in the Chinese
sea ; three of them are large, and four of them
inhabited. The productions are plantains, ba
nanas, pine-apples, sugar-canes, potatpes, yams,
and cotton ; their quadrupeds are goats and
hogs. The names of. the islands are Orange,
Grafton, Monmouth, Isle of Goats, and Bashee
or Bachi ; they are S. of Formosa. Their situ
ation is in Lon. 122. E. Lat. 20. 28. to 20. 55.
N. Two rocks towards the N. ought, accord
ing to Perouse, to be called islets ; the least of
them being half a league in circ. and though
not woody, covered with grass. These are sit
uated in Lat. 21. 9. N.
Bashee, or Bachi, isl. in the Chinese sea, the
most easterly of five, called from this the' Bashee
Islands : the form appears circular, about 6
miles in diameter. It has a town of the same
name. Lon. 121. 55. E. Lat. 21. 18. N.
Bashi Keui, X. Turkish Armenia; 30 SSW.
Kars. Bashlo, T. Abyssinia, which runs into the
Nile ; 30 SE. Alata.
Bashmut, district, Egypt, on NE. the Delta.
Bashkirs, people on the banks of the Volga
and Ural, Russia, in Upha and Perm. They
consist of about 2,700 families, and lead a pas
toral life, are indolent, hospitable and brave.
Basian, X. Persia, in Chusistan, on the Ka-
ransu ; 60 S. Suster.
Basiento, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, Lon. 16. 45. E. Lat. 40. 32. N. On
the banks of this river an interview was held
between Caesar and Anthony, whence they re
tired to Tarentum, to form a plan for settling
the Roman empire.
Basil, or Basle, see Bdle,
Busilan, one of the Philippine islands; 60
miles in circ, very fertile, especially in fruit
rice, and sugar-cane, but thinly peopled ; 18 SW.
Mindanao. Lon. 121. E. Lat. 5. 50. N.
Basilbab, X. Africa, in Tunis, on the Mejer-
flah ; 30 SW. Tunis.
Basili, or Basilipotamo, or Vasilipotama, (an.
Surotas,) r. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, which
runs into the gulf of Colokitia; 4 NNE. Colo-
kitia. Basilia, t. Volhynia ; 32 WNW. Canstanlino.

Basilica, or Si. Basili or Vasilica, (an, Stejoft,)' -
t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, on the gulf of Le
panto ; 12 NW. Corinth. This was once a fa
mous city, but now a miserable village, yet it
possesses some interesting relics of antiquity,'
and the beautiful plain between it and Corinth
retains its ancient fertility.
Basilicata, pr. Naples, bounded N. by the
Capitanata and Bari, E. by the gulf of Taren
to, S. by Principato Citra and Calabria Ci
tra, and W. by the Principato Ultra; about 66
miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It pro
duces corn, wine, oil, saffron, cotton, honey,
and wax in abundance. The principal towns
are Melfi, Acerenza, Potenza, Tursi, and Ve-
nosa. Pop. 378,163. Sq. m. 4,540.
Basilipotamo, see Basili.
Basilipotamo, r. Cyprus, which runs into the
sea, 15 E. Limasol.
Bisiluzzo, one of the Lipari islands ; N. Si
cily ; 2 miles in circuit. '
Basin d'Areasson, bay on the coast of France,
open to the Atlantic. Lon. 1. 5. W. Lat. 44;
42. N.
Basinda, t. Spain, in Leon ; 44 WNW. As-
torga. Basin Harbour, p-v. Addison co. Vt. in Fer-
risburg ; E. side of Lake Champlain ; 4J S. of
the mouth of Otter Creek, W. 486.
Basing, Old, X. Eng., in Southampton ; 3E.
Basingstoke, 43 W. London. Pop. 921. „
Basingstoke, X. Eng., in Hants, with a good
corn market every Wednesday; 37 E. Sal!^
bury, 46 W. London. Pop. 2,656. A navigable
canal was lately made from this town to the
river Wey ; there is a manufacture of druggets, |
and shaloons. On the downs, near the town a
bloody battle was fought between the Saxons
and Danes, in 871. — Natives, Th. Si J. Warton.
Basiri, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas, on the Black
Sea ; 20 W. Samsoun.
Baskinridge, p-t Somerset co. N. J. ; on a
branch of the Passaic ; 7 SSW. Morristow*, 15
N. New Brunswick, W. 219. Lon. 74. 33. W.
Lat. 40. 40. N. Here is an academy. General
Lee was taken prisoner here in 1776.
Basle, see Bdle.
Basman, X. Persia, in Chusistan. Lon. 59. 52.
E. Lat. 28. 36. N. H. 150. Here is a hot well,
the water of which is considered medicinal.
Basoche Gouet, La, t. France, in Eure-and-
Loir; 10 E. Montmirail. H. 400.
Basova, X. Siberia, on the rivet Lena ; 20 S.
Orlenga. .
Basoth, fort, Hind., Bahar; 25 SSW, Bahar.
Basoudha, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 40 NE. Bil
sah. Lon. 78. 13. E. Lat. 23. 54. N. It is a
large town.
Basque Island, small isl. in the river St. Law
rence, near the coast of Lower Canada. Lon.
68. 52. W. Lat. 48. 15. N.
Basque Roads, near the island of Aix, France.
Here 4 French men of war and some smaller
vessels were destroyed by the English fleet un
der Lord Cochrane, in 1809.
Basques, (Les,) or French Biscay, country,
France, before the revolution, situated between
the sea, Spain, and the river Adour and Beam.
It was divided into 3 districts, Labour, Lower
Navarre, and Soule, and is now included in the

BAS

149

BAS

department of the Lower Pyrenees. It is very
mountainous, and fruitful only in the valleys.
The inhabitants use a dialect, supposed to be a
variety of the Celtic, and greatly resembling
that of the Spanish Biscayans. The number of
people in France, styled Basques, is stated by
Hassel at 108,000; in Spain at 490,000.
Basquevitle, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 9
SSW. Dieppe, 21 NNW. Rouen. Pop. 2,370.
Basra, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 5 SSE. Siut.
Basra, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 30 ENE. Cam-
bay. Basrah, see Bassora.
Basrode, X, Neth., in E. Flanders, on the
Scheldt, near Dendermonde. Pop. 2,150.
Basrouche, X. Persia, in Taberistan; 27 W.
Fehrabat Bass, isl. or great rock, in the Frith of Forth ;
opposite Tantallon castle, 3 miles from the
shore, a sixth of a mile in diameter, and 400
feet high. Lon. 2. 33. W. Lat. 56. 5. N. On
S. side the top appears in the form of a cone,
and towards the N. it fearfully overhangs the
sea. It affords pasture for 20 or 30 sheep, and
is famous for great flocks of sea-fowls which
resort thither in the months of May and June,
the surface of it being almost covered with
their nests, eggs, and young birds.
Bass Island, isl. in lake Erie ; 4 N. Sandusky.
Bass River, r. East Greenland, which runs
into the sea, Lon. 50. 10. W. Lat. 64. 30. N.
Bass's Straits, channel, which separates New
Holland from Van Diemen's Land ; 120 miles
broad. Lon. 147. 30. E. Lat. 40. S.
Basso, X. Africa, on the grain coast. Lon. 7.
5. W. Lat. 4. 40. N.
Batsa, X. Thibet, on the Ganges ; 46 NW. Si
rinagur. ,
Basso; or Byraghy, X. Thibet ; 60 NW. Siri
nagur. Bassa Rajpoot, X. Thibet; 75 NW. Sirinagur.
Bassac, X. Franee, in Charente; 15 ESE.
Saintes. H. 200. On the 13th of March 1569,
a battle was fought here between the Catholics
and Huguenots, when the latter were defeated,
and the prince of Conde killed.
Bassac, mountainous ridge, Persia, between
Lar and Congo.
Bassalagunge, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 20 N.
Jionpour. Bassam, (Grand,) t. Guinea, on the Ivory
Coast. Lon. 4. 15. W. Lat. 5. 15. N.
Bassambe, X. Thibet ; 30 S. Cangotri.
Bassano, t. Aust. Italy, Venice, in Treviso, on
the Brenta ; 12 N. Vicenza, 20 W. Trevigio.
Lon. 11. 45. E. Lat. 45. 46. N. Pop. 11,500.
This town is near 5 miles in circumference,
and contains 30 churches, 2 monasteries, an
asylum for girls, and 2 or 3 hospitals. One of
the gates was built by Paladio. Here are some
manufactures of silk and woollen, and a very
large printing-office. Two markets are held
weekly. — A battle was fought near this town,
between the Anstrians and the French, in the
beginning of September, 1796. The republi
cans took 500 prisoners.
Bassano, t- Popedom, in the Patrimonio,near
which Oonabella defeated the Etruri and the
Boji ; 3 W. Orta. Natives, Aldus and Paul
Manutius.

Bassas, (Great,) rocks on the S. coast of Cey
lon. Lon. 81. 38. Lat 6. 10. N.
Bassas, (Little,) rocks on SE. coast of Cey
lon. Lon. 81. 59. E. Lat. 6. 27. N.
Bassas de India, shoal in the straits of M°*
zambique. Lon. 41. 5. E. Lat. 22. 60. S.
Bassatin, or Basetin, t. Egypt, on the Nile,
celebrated for its gardens ; 4 S. Cairo.
Bassatra, X. Bengal ; 15 NNW. Purneah.
Basse, r. France, which runs into the Medi
terranean, Lon. 3. 8. E. Lat. 42. 45. N.
Basse des Fragates, (Frangaise,) dangerous
rock in the N. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 165. 50. W.
Lat. 23. 45. N. It appears like a split rock, at
most about 50 toises, and from 20 to 25 fath
oms in height ; situated on the NW. extremity
of a reef of rocks, the SE. point of which ex
tends about 12 miles.
Basse de Credel, shoal in the English Channel,
near the coast of France. Lon. 2. 46. W.
Lat. 47. 30. N. .
Basse de St. Gildas, shoal in the English
Channel, near the coast of France. Lon. 2. 46.
W. Lat. 47. 29. N.
Basse Point, X. on N. coast of Martinico ; 18
W. Cul de Sac de laTrinite.
Bassee, (La,) X. France, in North, formerly a
place of considerable strength, on the Deule, 6
E. Bethnue, 10 SW. Lille. Pop. 2,171.
Basselan, one of the Philippine islands, 36
miles long from E. to W. and from 3 to 12
broad. Lon. 121. 54. to 122. 30. E. Lat. 6. 22.
to 6. 36. N.
Basseen, t. Hind., on W. coast of the penin
sula of India, in Baglana : 20 N. Bombay, 152
S. Surat. Lon. 72. 40.E.Lat. 19. 20. N. This
place was taken and strongly fortified by Nug-
nes d'Acuna, viceroy of India, in 1555. Inv
1670, Basseen was a considerable city, having
6 churches, 4 convents, and 2 colleges. It is
situated on an island, which is divided from the
continent only by a small rivulet.
Bassempoy, of Bassempuy, X. France, in Lan-
des ; 14 ESE. Dax. H. 220.
Bassenheim, X. Pru., Lower Rhine, in Treves;
7 Coblentz. H. 220.
• Bassento, i -. Naples, which runs into the Cra-
ti, near Cosenza.
Basserslorf X. Switz., Zurich; 4 NE. Zurich.
Basse Terre, general name given by the
French to the low lands of the West-India
islands. Basse Terre, s-p. on S. coast of St. Christo
pher, in the West-Indies, and capital of the isl
and, situated at the mouth of a river opening
into a bay, called Basse Terre Road. The town
contains about 800 houses, and is defended by
three batteries. Lon. 62. 37. W. Lat. 17. 24.
N. Pop. about 6,000.
JSasse Terre, s-p on SW. coast of Gauda-
loupe, defended by a citadel. Lon. 61. 58. W.
Lat. 16. 5. N. It is a town of considerable
size and trade. It is also the name of a part
of the island.
Bassiana, now Sabatz.
Bassidere, see Bacidu.
Bassignana, or Bassignaho, t. Italy, in Sardi
nian Milanese, near the junction of the Tana-
ro with the Po ; 5 N. Alexandria. Pop. 3,000.
Bossing, t. France, in Meurte, and district of
Dieuze ; 4 NE. Dieuze.

BAS

150

BAS

Massing, t. Swit2. ; 16 N. Geneva.
Bassis, small isl. Atlantic, near the coast of
Guinea. Lon. 15. 20. W. Lat. 11. 40. N.
Bossoolpow, t. Hind., in Oude ; 9 N. Manick-
pour. Bassora, or Basrah, city, Asia, in the Arabian
Irak, situated on an arm of the Shat-ul-Arab,
about half way between the junction of the
Tigris with the Euphrates and the Persian
Gulf; 210 SW. Ispahan, 600 SE. Aleppo. Lon.
47. 30. E. Lat. 30. 31. N. Pop. estimated by
Heude, in 1817, at 80,000, by others at 40, 50,
and 60,000. The Shat-ul-Arab is formed by the
junction of the Tigris and Euphrates, and is
navigable for vessels of 500 tons to Bassora, 70
miles. Merchants of Arabia, Turkey, Armenia,
and Greece ; also Jews and Indians reside here ;
the English and Dutch have their consuls, and
their ships come from India loaded with mer
chandize. The Arabs have more power than
the Turks, and the language of the former is
chiefly spoken. The prince pays but little re
spect to the Ottoman court
The city is surrounded by a wall about 10
miles in circuit, from 20 to 25 feet thick. The
houses are generally mean, being constructed
of clay, with a small proportion of bricks ; and
the bazars, though containing the richest pro
ducts of the east, are but miserable edifices.
Almost all the inhabitants of the city are con
nected with trade, and its commerce is exten
sive, as it is the grand emporium for all the pro
duce of India sent to the Turkish empire. The
trade of the interior is conducted by means of
caravans to Aleppo and Bagdad. The town is
unhealthy, the environs fertile. As to religion,
besides Mahometans, there are Syrian Jaco
bites and Nestorians, and monks from Europe ;
there are besides some modern Sabeans, whom
they call disciples of John.
Bassoues, t. France, in Gers; 15WSW.Auch.
Pop. 1,400.
Bassue, t. France, in Marne ; 6 NNE. Vitry
la Francois.
Bassum, t. Hanover, in Hoya, with a noble
abbey ; 16 W. Hoya. Pop. 1,385.
Basta, see Bishbesh.
Bassur, X. Hind., in Bahar; 60 N. Patna. Lon.
85. 45. E. Lat. 26.-31. N.
' Bossy, X. Africa, on the Gambia ; 20 E. Fa-
tatenda. Baslala, isl. E. Indian Sea, near NE. coast of
Sumatra. Lon. 103. 23. E. Lat. 0. 30. S.
Baslam, see Bistam.
Boston, (an Bythinium, Claudiopolis, and An-
linopolis,) X. Natolia ; 30 SW. Amasreh.
Bastavoe, bay on E. side of Veil, one of the
Shetland isl. Lon. 1. 16. W. Lat. 60.59. N.
Baslellica, X. Corsica; 15 ENE. Ajaccio.
Fop. 1,790.
Bastheim, t. Bav. ; 4 SW. Melrichstadt.
Basli, now Baza.
Baslia, s-p. and city, Corsica, formerly capi
tal of the island. Lon. 9. 26. E. Lat. 42. 42.
N. Pop. 11,336. It is commanded by a lofty
mountain, about 400 fathoms in length, and
100 in width, in the centre of which the sea
forms a small bay, defended by a mole. It is
divided into two parts, called Terre Nuova, and
Terra Vecchia, in the former of which is a cita

del, surrounded with fortifications. The har
bour is good, but small, and fit only for small
vessels ; the commerce is inconsiderable.
Baslia, s-p. Istria, in the Adriatic; 8 SSE.
Umago. Bastia, X. Italy, in Modena ; 7 N. Modena.
Bastia, X. Albania, on the coast of the Adri
atic, opposite Corfu ; 62 SW. Deltino. Lon.
20. 15. E. Lat. 39. 45. N.
Bastia, X. Genoa ; 3 NNW. Albenga.
Baslida, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 6 Najara.
Bastide, (La,) X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
2 N. Castel Jaloux, 8 WSW. Tonniens.
Bastide des Feiiillans, (La,) X. France, in Up
per Garonne ; IS SW. Toulouse. Pop. 643.
Bastide, X. France, in Lot ; 10 SE. Gourdon.
Pop. 1,200.
Bastide d'Armagnac, (La,) t. France, in Gers;
4 NW. Cazaubon, 13 W. Nogaro.
Bastide de Beam, X. France, in Lower-Pyre
nees ; 12 W. Orthez.
Bastide de Clerence, (La,)~t. France, in
Lower-Pyrenees ; 10 SE. Bayonne. Pop.
2,071. Bastide de Jourdans, (La,) X. France, Mouths*
of-the-Rhone ; 12 SE. Apt.
Bastide de Montfort, (La,) t. France, in Tarn ;
5 NE. Gaillac . ; i
Bastide de Seron, (La,) t. France, in Arriege }sj
13 NW. Tarascon. Fop. 2,132.
Bastide Neuve, (La,) t. France, in Higher-
Alps ; 5 E. Gap.
Basiimenlos, small islands in the Spanish ,
Maine, near the isthmus of Darien, at the.-
mouth of the bay of Nombre de Dios. Lon.
79. 40. W. Lat. 9. 32. N. , , ,«
Bastile, the chief state prison of France,J
prior to the revolution in 1792, situated at the
gates of Paris. In the heat of the revolution
it was levelled with the ground by the mob of
Paris. Bastion, X. Africa, Algiers, on a small creek
of the Mediterranean, where the French Afri
can Company had a factory, but evacuated it
on account of the unhealthiness of the spot.
It was so called from a fort now in ruins ; 31
E. Bona. Lon. 8. 38. E. Lat. 36. 5(). N.
Bastion delle Crocila, X. Italy ; 7 SSE. Leg-
nano. Bastogne, X. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, near
the forest of Ardennes ; 22 NW. Luxemburg,
35 S. Liege. Lon. 5. 42. E. Lat. 50. 6. N. Pop.
2,354. It is the capital of a district, has con
siderable trade, formerly more flourishing than
at present, and often called Paris in Ardennes.
Baslova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on the
coast of the Adriatic ; 18 S. Durazzo. Lon. 19.
20. E. Lat. 41. 23. N.
Bastra, X. Italy ; 20 NE. Bergamo.
Basture, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near
the coast of Mississippi. Lon. S8. 18. W. Lat.
30. 12. N.
Basuntporum, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 3 SSW.
Bangalore. ,jj
Basutah, t. Bengal ; 28 SSW. Calcutta, ton.
28. 2. E. Lat. 22. 6. N.
Basutah, X. Hind., in Bahar; 16 N. Durbun:
gab. Baszeu, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Pruth, near Stephanowze, in Moldavia.

BAT

151

BAT

Sola, t. Egypt, on E. branch of theNile ; 3
SSW. Mehallet Kebir.
Bata Poot, X. on SE. coasf of Timor. Lon.
124. 50. E. Lat. 9. 54. S.
Bataband, s-p. on S, coast of Cuba ; 60 SSW.
Havannah. Lon. 82. 50. W. Lat. 22. 23. N.
Batabory, t. on NW. coast of the island of
Timor. Lon. 125. 29. E. Lat. 29. 48. S.
Batac, ton W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119.
10. E. Lat 1. 6. S.
Batacarang Point, cape on NE. coast of Su
matra. Lon. 104. 55. E. Lat. 1. 59. S.
Batacola, or Batacotoe, or Balicaloe, isl. 13J
m. in circuit, on an arm of the sea on E. coast
of Ceylon. Here is a fort mounting 24 guns,
with a small village. Lon. 81. 53. E. Lat. 7.
45. N. The Wesleyan methodists have a mis
sionary here.
Batacole, see Batcale.
Balag, one of the small Philippine islands,
near N. coast of Samar ; Lon. 125. 12. E. Lat.
12. 48. N.
Balaglia, lake, Naples, in Capitanata, near
the Adriatic ; 20 N. Manfredonia.
Batalha, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 6 SSW.
Leyria. Here is a rich convent of Dominicans,
founded in 1386.
Batahano, t. Cuba, on W. coast, opposite
the island of Pines.
Batalin, small isl. E. Indian Sea, near E.
eoast of Celebes. Lon. 123. 54. E. Lat. 1. 21. S.
Baton, X. Natolia ; 20 S. Kiutaja.
Batang Capay, t. on W. coast of Sumatra;
Lon. 100. 18. E. Lat. 1. 25. S.
Batanroa, small isl. E. Indian Sea, on W.
side of Sewa Bay, and S. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 120. 50. E. Lat. 3. 43. S.
Botany, or Batang, X. on E. coast of Gilolo.
Lon. 128. 48. E. Lat. 0. 10. N.
Batava Castra, now Passau.
Batavia, see Betuwe.
Batavia, p-t. and cap. Genesee county, N. Y. ;
40 E. Buffalo, 256 W. Albany, W. 391. Pop.
2,597. The village contains a court house, a
jail, a state arsenal, a printing office, 2 houses
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians and 1 for
Episcopalians, and about 60 dwelling houses,
and has considerable trade.
Batavia, X. Clermont co. Ohio, on W. side of
Williamsburg. Pop. 1,208.
Batavia, X. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 355.
Batavia, city and s-p. Java, on N. coast of
the island, near the west end, capital of all the
Dutch or Netherland East Indies. Lon. 106.
54. E. Lat. 6. 12. S. Pop. about 1780, esti
mated at 160,000; in 1795, including a circuit
of 10 miles, 116,000 ; and in 1816, the popula
tion of the city was reduced to 47,217 ; of
whom 14,239 were slaves, 11,854 Chinese,
7,720 Balinese, 4,115 natives of Celebes, 3,331
Javanese, 3,155 Malays, 2,028 Europeans and
their descendants. It was founded by the
Dutch in 1619; taken by the British in 1811,
but restored to the Dutch in 1816. It is situat
ed on a wide deep bay, in which are inter
spersed many low green islets, within which
shipping finds safe anchorage. It is rather a
roadstead than a harbour, but from its westerly
situation and easy access, is the best and most
convenient port in the island. The greatest

inconvenience is the bar at the mduth, which
at low water is almost dry, and seldom has 6
feet water. The town is situated in a low
marshy plain,, at the union of small rivers,
which are navigable for boats ; and in many of
the streets are canals filled with water almost
stagnant. The miasmata generated in the pu
trid mud banks and canals, render the town ex
ceedingly unhealthy, and subject to a remit-
tant fever, very mortal to strangers.
Batavia, on account of the beauty of its
buildings and immense trade, has been styled
the Queen of the East. But within a few yeara
the town has lost a great part of its splendour.
Streets have been pulled down, canals half
filled up, forts demolished, and palaces levelled
with the dust. The campongs or quarters of
the native population, are of mean appearance.
In the part inhabited by Europeans the streets
are more regular, and the houses spacious, but
not elegant. The public edifices are neither
numerous nor splendid. The principal are the
stadt-house; a Calvinist, a Lutheran, and a
Portuguese church, several Mahometan mosques
and some Chinese temples. There are also
some charitable institutions.
Batavian Republic, the name adopted by the
Seven United States, soon after the French Re
volution ; and acknowledged by the powers of
Europe. The whole republic was declared one
and indivisible ; all members of society were
declared equal in the eye of the law, without
respect to rank or birth ; all religious societies,
acknowledging a Supreme Being, equally pro
tected by law. Feudality was abolished ; all
fiefs declared allodia], and possessors of lord
ships to be indemnified. In 1806, the form of
government was changed into a kingdom, un
der the name of Holland ; and in 1815 these
provinces were united with Belgium to form
the kingdom of Netherlands.
Batavodurum, see Wyck de Duerslede.
Batawang Bay, bay on W. coast of Suma
tra. Lon. 100. 12. E. Lat. 1. 17. S.
Batcale, or Batacole, s-p. Hind., on the coast
of Malabar, where the East India Company
have a settlement ; 20 N. Barcelore.
Batcamara, X. Bengal ; 20 E. Mahmudpour.
Batchajauc, t. Armenia ; 90 N. Erivan.
Batchelor's River, see Bachelor's River.
Batcheserai, see Bacca Serai.
Batchurischkoi, X. Russia, in Archangel, on the
White Sea ; 8 N. Archangel.
Bate, or Baet, or Bhatta, isl. with a town of
the same name, Hind., in Guzerat, on S. side of
the gulf of Cutch. Lon. 68. 24. E. Lat. 22. 36.
N. The town contains about 2,000 houses, has
a fort and a good harbour. The inhabitants
are chiefly Hindoos, and carry on considerable
trade. Baleah, t. Mexico, in Yucatan ; 190 SSW.
Merida. Batebarya, X. Bengal ; 30 N. Kishenagur.
Bateman's Bay, bay, on E. coast of New-
Holland, a little S. Cape Upright.
Batena, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 28 NE. Calla-
nore. Balgan, or Batgao, or Bhalgong, city, Hind.,
in Nepaul ; 10 S. Catmandu, 144 N. Patna.
Lon. 85. 15. E. Lat. 28. N. It is the third city

BAT

152

BAT

in the kingdom, and is said to contain 12,000
houses. Kirkpatrick estimates the population at
120,000. Its ancient name Dhurmapulten. It
is the favourite residence of the Bramins of
Napaul, and contains many ancient Sanscrit
manuscripts. Its palace and buildings, in gen
eral, have a striking appearance, and are built
of excellent brick.
Bath, p-t. Grafton co. N.H.,onthe Connecti
cut ; 14 N. Haverhill, 40 N. Dartmouth College,
W. 545. Pop. in 1810, 1,316 ; in 1820, 1,498.
The Lower Ammonoosuck and Bath turnpike
pass through this town, and at the point where
they intersect there is a handsome village.
Bath, p-t. and port of entry, in Lincoln co.
Maine, on W. side of the Kennebeck, 12 miles
from the sea ; 13 SW. Wiscasset, 35 NE. Port
land, 150 NE. Boston, W. 588. Lon. 69. 49. W.
Lat. 43. 55. N. Pop. in 1810, 2,491 ; in 1820,
3,026. Bath is pleasantly situated and has
great advantages for commerce, being at the
head of winter navigation. The river here is
seldom frozen over. It is one of the most con
siderable commercial towns in Maine, and does
considerable business at ship-building. The
shipping entered at this port, in 1820, amounted
to 21 ,612 tons; It contains an academy, 2 banks,
and 3 houses of public worship ; 2 for congre-
gationalists, and I for baptists.
Bath, p-t. and cap. Steuben co. N. Y., on the
Conhocton ; 40 S. Canandaigua, 245 W. Albany,
W. 295. Pop. in 1810, 1,036 ; in 1820, 2,578.
It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and has
considerable trade. A weekly newspaper is
published here.
Bath, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. ; W. 173.
Bath, co. in the central part of Va., bounded
N. by Pendleton co., E. by Rockbridge co., S.
by Botetourt co., and W. by Greenbriar co.
Fop. in 1810, 4,837 ; slaves 882. Pop. in 1820,
5,237. At the court house there is a post-village,
50 WSW. Staunton, W. 226. Here is a medicin
al spring, called Warm Spring, with a tempera
ture of 96° ; and another about 6 miles distant
SW. called Hot Spring, the waters of which
are of the temperature of 1 12°, and at some
seasons hot enough to boil an egg. They are
useful in the rheumatism and other complaints.
Bath, p-t. Berkley co. Va., near the Potomac ;
35 NNW. Winchester, W. 104. Berkley Springs
are near this town, which see.
Bath, X. Greene co. Ohio. Pop. 1,185.
Bath, p-t. Beaufort co. N. C, on a bay which
sets up from Tar river ; 16 ESE. Washington,
20 WNW. Pamlico sound, 29 S. Plymouth, 32
WSW. Newbern, 52 NW. Ocracock bar, W.332.
Lon. 77. 20. W. Lat. 35. 27. N. Pop. 100. It
has a pleasant and healthy situation, with a good
harbour. It was one of the first settled towns of
N. C, and formerly the seat of the colonial gov
ernment, but has been for many years declining,
Washington having drawn from it the most of
its trade.
Bath, co. Ken. Pop. 7,961.
Bath, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 176.
Bath, city, Eng., in Somersetshire ; 12 E.
Bristol, 19 NE. Wells, 39 NW. Salisbury, 41 SW.
Gloucester, 67 SW. Oxford, 107 W. London.
Lon. 2. 22. W. Lat. 51. 23. N. Pop. including
the suburbs, 38,434 ; 15,275 males, and 23,159

females. Bp. see united with Wells, ft is beau
tifully situated on the Avon, in a narrow valley,
bounded on the NE. and SW. by hills, and
Widening on the NW. into rich and extensive
meadows. The Avon is navigable from Bath
to Bristol. It has borne various names in dif
ferent ages, all having allusion to its celebrated
waters. The Romans called it Aquce Solis,
Fontes Calidi, Thermal, Bodonia, and Balhonia;
the Britons Caer Badun, or Bladon ; the Saxons
Hat Bathun and Achamannum. The vestiges of
the Romans here are still exceedingly numer
ous, which show the high value which they
placed upon the waters.
Bath is remarkable for medicinal waters, for
its various sources of amusement, for the ele
gance of its streets, and the magnificence of its
public buildings. It is accounted the most ele
gant city in England. The houses are of supe
rior construction, built of freestone, obtained
from the hills about the town. The cathedral
is in the form of a cross, and is the purest spe
cimen of Gothic architecture in the kingdom. '
There are 3 churches and 1 chapel within the*'
city, and without the boundaries 3 churches
and 7 chapels ; also places of public worship
for Methodists, Independents, Baptists, Moravi
ans, Catholics, Unitarians, and Quakers. It
contains the general hospital for the reception
of invalids, who desire the benefit of the waters,
from all parts of the world, several other hos
pitals and charitable institutions ; the Bath and
West of England society, the philosophical sopjg
ciety, public grammar school, Sic.
There are 5 public baths, viz. King's and
Queen's Bath, Cross Bath, Hot Bath, and New
Private Bath. The temperature of the different
springs varies from 93 to 117 degrees. They -
contain carbonic acid, azotic gas, muriate and
sulphate of soda, carbonate and sulphate of lime,
with a very small quantity of silex and oxy-
carbonate of iron. They are found of great
efficacy in cases of gout, rheumatism, indiges
tion, palsy, and biliary obstructions. The pop '
ulation of Bath varies greatly at different sea- .
sons. It affords a great variety of amusements,
and is equally the resort of valetudinarians and
votaries of pleasure.
Bath, X. Hungary, Grosshout; 6 NE. Sevens.
Pop. 2,070.
Bath, v. Jamaica, in the parish of St. Thomas.
It takes its name from a famous hot sulphureous
spring. Bath Zacharias, t. Judah, S. Jerusalem. Lat.
31. 43. N.
Bath-Easton, t. England, Somerset; 2 E.
Bath. Botha, or Bath, or Baccia, see Bach.
Batheri, t. Hind., in Sirinagur. Lon.78.30.E. ,
Lat. 30. 49. N. It is situated near a branch of
the Ganges, and has a small temple.
Bathgate, t. Scot., in Linlithgow ; 18 W. Ed
inburgh. Pop. 2,513.
Bathen, lake or canal, Egypt, at a distance of
about 6 W. of the Nile, extending from Ateens
parallel with Benisuef to Tahal-el Modain ; 6
N. Miniet ; a length of about 50 miles.
Bathmonster, t. Hungary, separated from Ba-
tha by the Danube.
Bothnia, now Serouge.

BAT

153

BAf

Balhoum, (an. Bathys,) r. Asia, which rises in
the mountains of Armenia, and, crossing Guriel,
runs into the Black Sea, Lon. 41. 20. E. Lat.
41. 35. N.
Bathoumi, X. Guriel, at the mouth of the Ba-
thoun ; 26 S. Puti.
Bathurst, X. New Holland, in the country of
Botany Bay, on the Macquarrie, on W. side of
the Blue Mountains, in a settlement west of the
settlement of Sydney, with which it is connect
ed by a fine road, the distance being 140 miles.
The surrounding countiy is fertile and beauti
ful. Bathurst, settlement, W. Africa, formed by
the English within a few years, on the island of
St. Mary's, near the mouth of the Gambia. Lat.
13. 25. N. It was formed in connexion with
the colony of Sierra Leone ; the object being
to establish an equitable commerce, instead of
the slave trade. Pop. in 1819, exclusive of the
garrison, upwards of 1,000. The settlement has
been prosperous. The exports consist of wax,
ivory, gold, hides, gum, Sic The duties on the
amount exported to England, in 1819, were
upwards of £11,000.
Batia, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 6 NE. Ariano.
Batian, small isl. E. Indian Sea, near S. coast
of Mindanao. Lon. 122. 51. E. Lat. 7. 10. N.
Baticola, see Batacola.
Baiilly, t. France, in Loiret ; 3 N. Bois Com-
mun. Batinda, see Batnir.
Batiscan, r. Lower Canada, which runs west
erly, and flows into the St. Lawrence, 50 miles
above Quebec, at a village of the same name.
Batly, X. Eng., in the W. riding of Yorkshire;
6 NW. Wakefield. Pop. 2,975.
Batn Marr, X. Arabia, in Hedjas ; 15 NW.
Mecca. Bain Nakl, t. Arabia, in Hedjas ; 40 NE. Me
dina. Batnir, or Balneer, or Band, or Batinda, or
Bando, X. Hindoostan, in Moultan, formerly es
teemed one of the strongest fortresses in India;
150 ESE. Moulton, 170 NW. Agimere. Lon. 74.
45 E. Lat. 29. 28. N. It is situated in a desert
countiy, and supplied with water from a lake
near the gate of the town.
The inhabitants are called Batnians, or Bat-
ties, and are very ferocious. They possess a
tract of country 150 miles long, from N. to S.,
and 75 broad, of which Batnir is the capital.
They can raise an army of 20, or 30,000 men.
Bato, one of the Ladrone Islands. Lon. 142.
E. Lat. 12. N.
Bato, (an. Batus,) r. Naples, which runs into
the Mediterranean, 2 SE. Scalea, in Calabria
Citra. Bato Ade, X. on N. coast of Timor. Lon. 126.
6. E. Lat. 8. 23. S.
Bato Lampan, X. on W. coast of Mindanao.
Lon. 122. 1. E. Lat. 6. 55. N.
Bato Lara, small isl. E. Indian Sea. Lon. 123.
45. E. Lat. 7. 23. S.
Bato Manoe, X. on S. coast of Celebes, in Sewa
bay. Lon. 120. 40. E. Lat. 2. 28. S.
Bato Panjang, small isl. E. Indian Sea. Lon.
121. 48. E. Lat. 7. 43. S.
Batoa, small isl. E. Sea, near W. coast of Su
matra, on the equinoctial line. Lon. 98. E.
Vol. L 20

Batoemongo, v. on one of the Nassau islands,
at SW. entrance of the strait of Sekoup.
Baton Rouge, p-t. and cap. East Baton Rouge
parish, Louisiana, on E. bank of the Mississippi,
15 miles above Iberville, 150 above New Or
leans by the river, 80 WNW. in a straight line
from New Orleans, W. 1,356. Lon. 91. 15. W.
Lat. 30. 32. N. It contains a court house, a
jail, a market house, a catholic church, a print
ing office, and upwards of 200 houses. It is
pleasantly situated on the first eminence that
is seen on the Mississippi, in ascending it from
its mouth. The elevation above high water
mark is 25 or 30 feet. On the north side of the
town is a piece of ground belonging to the U.S.
on which are the remains of the old Spanish
fort. Baton Rouge is situated in a district of
countiy exceedingly fertile, producing abun
dant crops of cotton, sugar, maize, sweet pota
toes, Sic.
Baton Rouge, (East,) parish, Louisiana. Pop.
5,220. Baton Rouge, (West,) parish, Louisiana. Pop.
2,335. Balopilah, X. New Mexico, iu New Navarre ;
120. N. Cinaloa.
Batos, X. Transylvania, in Colosvar, with a
Lutheran and a Reformed church.
Batoun, see Bathoum.
Balracha, or Patriarch, (an. Batrarchus,) s-p.
Africa, on the coast of Barca, at the mouth of
the river Nahil. Lon. 22. 24. E. Lat 32. 10. N.
Batrik, X. A.Turkey, Marasch; lON.Malatia.
Bats, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 40 NNE. Seoda.
Batsch, or Bacs, see Bacs.
Batsche, X. Moravia, in Prerau; 26 NNE.
Prerau. Battrio, X. Sweden, in Jamtland, on a lake ;
22 S. Ostersund.
Bolt Bay, bay on S. coast of Java. Lon. 1 13.
18. E. Lat. 8. 28. S.
Bail a, pr. Africa, once a powerful state, but
now subject to Congo. The principal towns
are Batta, the capital, Cangon, and Agysimba.
The prince who governs Batta is considered as
the second person in the kingdom, and imme
diate successor to the throne, in case of failure
in the royal family. He has many lords under
him, and is able to raise an army of 70,000 men.
Batta, the capital, is 80 S. St. Salvador.
Balta, km. Sumatra, S. of Acheen. The coun
try is very populous, and the soil fertile ; the
chief articles of produce for commerce are cam
phor, gum benzoin, cassia, cotton, and indigo.
The Battas eat the flesh of their captive ene
mies, and of offenders executed for crimes.
Batta, t. Africa, in Bergoo ; 30 W. Wara.
Batta Cotta, or Battieotta, X. Ceylon, 6 NW.
Jafna. Lon. 80. 15. E. Lat. 9. 45. N. It is sit
uated in the northern part of the island, and is
one of the stations of the American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
Batlaglia, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 3 NW.
Vieste. Battaglia, t. Italy, in Padua ; 9 S. Padua.
Baltam, isl. E. Indian Sea, near the coast of
Malacca, about 60 miles in circumference.
Lon. 104. E. Lat. 1. N.
Battamlan, X. on E. coast of Timor. Lon. 125.
18. E. tat, 9. 28. S.

BAT

154

BAV

Battamoody, X. on W. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
98. 18. E. Lat. 1. 2. N.
Battanta, isl. Pacific Ocean, separated from
Salwatty by a narrow channel, called Pitt's
Strait ; 40 miles long from E. to W., and 8
broad. Lon. 130.30. to 131. 15. E. Lat. 0.
48. S.
Battao, small isl. near W. coast of Siam.
Lon. 98. 37. E. Lat. 7. 45. N.
Battecolla, X. Hind., in Canara. Lon. 74. 37.
E. Lat. 13. 56. N. It is a large open town,
containing 500 houses, and stands on the bank
of a small rivei', which waters a very beau
tiful countiy, surrounded on every side by
hills, and in an excellent state of cultivation.
It has 2 mosques, and a great many guddies or
temples, belonging to the followers of Vyas.
There are 2 Jain temples, the only remains of
68, that were formerly here.
Bailee, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 10 NE. Bahar.
Battel, or Battle, X. Eng., in Sussex ; 6 N.
Hastings, 57 S. London. Pop. 2,531. It is built
near the place where the decisive battle was
fought between Harold and William, duke of
Normandy, on the 14th of October 1066. The
town consists of one good street ; the principal
manufacture is gunpowder, of considerable es
timation among sportsmen.
Battelma, (an. Daphne,) X. Syria ; 5 SW. An
tioch. It is said Gallus built a church here of
the materiais of the temple of Apollo.
Batlelau, t Moravia, in Iglau ; 13 SW. Iglau.
Batten, X. Hesse, in Upper-Hesse ; 16 SW.
Waldeck, 16 NW. Marburg.
Batten-kill, r. which rises in Dorset, Vt., and
runs W. into the Hudson, S. Greenwich, N. Y.
Battenburg, t. Hesse ; 25 N. Giessen. Pop. 999.
Battenborch, or Battenburg, X. Gueldres, on
N. side of the Meuse, nearly opposite Raven-
stein. Baltersea, v. and parish, Eng., in Surrey, on
the right bank of the Thames, over which is a
bridge to Chelsea, in Middlesex ; 4 W. London.
Pop. 4,409. — Native, Lord Bolingbroke.
Batticotta, see Batta Cotta.
Battipaglio, t. Naples, in Principato Citra ;
11 ESE. Salerno.
Balilebridge, or Slanfordbridge, v. Eng., in
East-Riding of Yorkshire, on the Derwent ; 10
NE. York. In 1066, the Danes were defeated
here by the English.
Battlefield, v. Eng., in Salop, near which
Henry IV. gained a victory over Percy, called
Hotspur ; 3 N. Shrewsbury.
Battlegutra, t. Hind., in Dindigul ; 12 SSW.
Dindigul. Battle Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Ohio, Lon, 85. 36. W. Lat. 38. 36. N.
Battletown, p-v, Frederick co. Va. ; W. 58.
Battoleah, X. Hind., Bahar ; 24 SE. Bettiah.
Battolino, small isl. E. Indian Sea, near N.
coast of- Celebes. Lon. 124. 50. E. Lat. 1.
33. N.
Baltow Bara, X. on N. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
98. 33. E. Lat. 3. 24. N.
Battowal, X. Hind, in Aurungabad ; 50 N. by
W. Amednagur.
Battuecas, two uncultivated valleys, Spain, in
Leon ; 8 leagues from Castel Rodrigo, and 14
from Salamanca ; so enclosed by lofty moun

tains that in the winter the sun is seen only 4
hours in a day. Here is a convent of bare
footed Carmelites.
Batluszany, t Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia ; 44
NNW. Jassy.
Batty Malvy, or the Quoin, one of the Nico-
bar islands. Lon. 93. 18. E. Lat. 8. 48. N.
Battuldkki Head, the S. point of Mindanao.
Lon. 125. 8. E. Lat. 5. 24. N. Here is a har
bour. Batum, see Balhoumi.
Batueim, t. Russia, in Tchernigovskoe, on
the Sem ; 80 E. N. E. Tchernigov.
Bavaing, X. on W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 109.
33. E. Lat. 0.27. S.
Bavaned, t. Persia, in Chorasan; 30 SE.
Terschiz. Bavany, r. Hind., which runs into the Cauve-
ry, 7. N, Erroad, in Coimbetore.
Bavaria, one of the late 9 circles, Ger.,
bounded N. by Franconia and Bohemia, E. and
S. by the circle of Austria, and W. by Swabia;
containing 16,588 sq. m. with 1,300,000 inh.
It received its name from the duchy of Bava
ria, which formed the greater part. It was com
posed of twenty states, divided into two bench
es, the one eclesiastical and the other secular.
These states were convoked by the duke of Ba
varia, and the archbishop of Saltzburg, who
directed aternately. The assemblies were held
at Ratisbon and Wasserburg. When the army of
the empire was 40,000, this circle furnished1 "
800 horsemen, and 1,494 foot, as its conting
ent. Bavaria, electorate and duchy, Ger., former
ly constituting the greater part of the above
circle, now forming a part of the kingdom of
Bavaria; 180 miles long, and 120 broad, andis
divided into Upper and Lower Bavaria, and
Upper Palatinate. Towards the S. the country
is mountainous, intersected with forests, lakes,
and morasses, with pasture grounds, but few
cornfields ; towards the N. are found large and
fertile plains, which produce plenty of corn;
there are likewise many salt-works, medicinal
springs, and baths; mines of copper, silver, and
lead ; quarries of excellent marble ; plenty of
game, fish, and cattle. The principal rivers, the
Danube, Larch, Inn, Altmuhl, Nab, and Iser.
This countiy, which by the Germans is cal
led Bayern, is part of the Rhmtia Vindelicia and
Norieum of the ancients; and took the Latin
name of Boiaria, from the Boii.
BAVARIA, km. erected in 1805, and now
one of the most considerable of the secondary
states in Europe ; composed of the most of the
circles of Bavaria and Franconia, part of Swa
bia, and on the west side of the Rhine, the most
of that part of the circle of Upper-Rhine includ
ed in the late French department of Mont
Tonnere. Exclusive of the part west of the
Rhine, it is bounded N. by Hesse Darmstadt,
Hesse Cassel, and the Saxon principalities of
Meiningen, Hildburghausen, Coburg, andBeuss,
and the kingdom of Saxony, E. and S. by Aus
tria, and W. by Wurtemberg, Baden, and Hesse
Darmstadt. Divisions. Bavaria is divided into the 8 fol
lowing circles. The circle of the Rhine liff
on the west side of the river, Rhine.

BAU

.455

BAU

Circles. Sq. m. Pop. Chief Towns.
Iser  5,772  503,033  Munich.
Upper-Maine... 3,452  .433,229  Bamberg.
Lower- Maine.. 3,017  422,366.  Wurzburg.
Rezat  3,686  518,026  Anspach.
Regen  3,784  357,717  Ratisbon.
Upper-Danube.4,192  .476,404  Augsburg.
Lower-Danube3,753  352,193  Passau.
Rhine  1,808  308,000  Spire.
29,464 3,371,168
Population. According to the official state
ment in 1818, 3,560,000.
Towns. Munich is the capital. Nuremberg
and Augsburg are great trading towns. The
other most considerable towns, exclusive of
those already enumerated, are Aichstadt, Am-
berg, Aschaffenburg, Bayreuth, Deux Ponts,
Erlangen, Ingolstadt, Kempten, Landshut,
Landau, Memmingen, Nordlingen, Schwein-
furt, and Straubing.
Education. Much has been done of late for
improving education, and diffussing literature.
There are 3 universities, those of Erlangen,
Landshut, and Wurzburg. There are a number
of gymnasia, academies, and public libraries.
Government. Bavaria, since 1818, has been a
constitutional monarchy. The parliament con
sists of 2 houses. The first is composed of the
princes of the royal family, the great officers
of state, the 2 archbishops, 1 bishop, the presi
dent of the protestant consistory, and the
mediatised nobles. These are called the coun-
cellorsof the realm. The second house is com
posed of deputies from the body of the people,
in the ratio of 1 to 7,000 families.
Revenue. The revenue is stated at £1,800,000
sterling. Army. The army including the staff, amounts
to between 40, and 50,000.
Religion. The established religion is the
Roman Catholic, with 2 archbishoprics, Mu
nich and Bamberg; and 6 bishoprics, Augs
burg, Passau, Ratisbon, Wurzburg, Aichstadt,
and Spire. Number of Lutherans 800,000;
Calvinists 5,000 ; Jews 16,000. All sects have
free toleration.
Rivers. The rivers are the Danube, Inn, Iser,
Regen, Lech, Uler, Altmuhl, Nab, Maine, and
Rhine. Face of the country. On the south, Bavaria is
separated from Tyrol, by rugged mountains,
and on the northeast there is another range be
tween Bavaria and Bohemia. The rest of the
country is generally level or moderately un
even. Soil and productions. Much of the soil is
fruitful, producing sufficient quantities of the
necessaries of life. The productions are- grain,
fruits, rapeseed, flax, hemp, tobacco, hops, and
wine. — The climate is temperate and healthy.
Bavay, (an. Bagacum,) X. France, in North ;
6 NE. Le Quesnoy, 31 SE. Lille. Lon. 3. 51.
E. Lat. 50. 18. N. Pop. 1,455. It was once
a considerable town, and capital of the Nervii.
Baubery, or Baubray, X. France, in Evreux ;
2£ S. Conches. H. 230.
Baubigny, t. France ; 3 NE. Paris.
Baubula, r. Spain, in Aragon, which runs in
to the Xalon, about 3 miles below Calataiud. I

Baucherville, t. Lower-Canada, en S. bank
of the St. Lawrence ; 10 NW. Montreal. H. 100.
Baucotty, X. Thibet ; 80 NNW. Sirinagur.
Baud, X. France, in Morbihan; 10 ENE.
Henebon, 10 S. Pontivy. Pop. 4,621.
Baudanviller, t. France, Meurte ; 4 S. Bla-
mont 12 N.St. Diey.
Baudissen, see Budissen.
Budrecowt, t. France, in Meurte; 20 NE.
Nancy. Baudshapour, X. Oude ; 28 SW. Azingur.
Baudy Point, cape on E. coast of Yucatan.
Lon. 89. 15. W. Lat. 18. 2. N.
Bauen, t. Switz., in Uri ; 4 NNW. Lucerne.
Bauersbach, X. Ger. ; 4 S. Meinungen.
Baverd, see Abiverd.
Bauerwitz, or Paurwitz, X. Pru. Silesia, in Op-
peln, on the Zinna ; 10 NW. Ratibor. Pop.
1,664. ^t
Baugi, X. France, principal place of a district,
in Mayne-and-Loire, on the river Coesnon ; 18
ENE. Angers. Lon. 0. 2. W. Lat. 47. 32. N.
Pop. 3,003.
Bauglore, X. Mysore ; 6 NE. Ousoor.
Baugnan, X. Bengal ; 45 S. Burdwan. Lon.
80. E. Lat-22. 30. N.
Baugpour, t. Hind., in Sehaurunpour ; 70 E.
Sehaurunpour. Baugy, X. France, in Cher; 13 E. Bourges.
Baujan, X. Switz., Berne ; 13 NW. Friburg.
Shavian's Kloof, Moravian settlement, Africa,
70 E. Cape-town.
Baulas, X. Syria ; 50 E. Damascus.
Bauleali, X. Bengal, cap. of Luskerpour ; 20
NE. Moorshedabad, 108 N. Calcutta. Lon. 88.
13. E. Lat. 24. 23. N.
Boutin, r. Madagascar, which runs into Mo
zambique Channel, 10 SW. Cape Tabua.
Baulle,X. France, in Loiret, 3 NE. Beaugen-
cy. H. 440.
Baulon, X. France, Allier, on the Loire ; 14
E. Moulines. H. 160.
Baulte, r. Prussia, which runs into the Frisch
Haff, a little below Frauenburg.
Baulumot, t. Bengal ; 7 N. Toree.
Baum, t. Hind., in Berar ; 15 NNE. Mahur.
Bauman Islands, cluster of islands, S. Pacific
Ocean. All the inhabitants, says a writer, are
white, some of them burned by the sun ; they
are numerous, and armed with bows and ar
rows, but represented as of a gentle and hu
mane disposition, and friendly to strangers.
The largest island is about 21 or 22 miles in
circumference, with good anchorage. Lon.
173. W. Lat. 12. S.
Baumanparah, t. Bengal; 32 E. Mauldah.
Baumanshalpe, famous cavern, Ger., Bruns
wick, in Blankenburg,' 758 feet long, containing
6 vaults ; filled with stalactite petrifactions.
Baumes-les-dames, or Baume-les-Nones, t.
France, and principal place of a district, in
Doubs, on the Doubs ; 15 NE. Besancon, 25 N.
Pontarlier. Lon. fi. 25. E. Lat. 47.21. N. Pop.
2,454. Baumgarten, t. Austria ; 6 W. Feltsburg.
Baumgarten, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 3 W.
Politzka. Baumgarten, X. Prussia ; 15 S. Marienburg.
Baumholder, X. Ger., circle of the Upper-
Rhine, which gives name to a county belonging

BAX

156

BAY

^0 the principality of Coburg; 10 W. Lawter-
eck, 25 N. Deux Ponts. Pop. 670. Pop. of
the county 22,070. Sq. m. 174.
Baumingaut, t. Hind., in Orissa; 37 NW.
Harriopour. Baumont, t. France, in Channel ; 8 NW.
Cherburg. Baumswaldt, forest, Prussia, on the borders
of Lithuania, about 30 m. long, and 21 wide.
Baumundya, X. Bengal ; 15 NE. Calcutta.
Baunach, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Upper-Maine, near the river Maine ; 7 N.
Bamberg. Pop. 950.
Baunach, r. Franconia, which runs into the
Maine, near the town of Baunach.
Baunasaar, X. Orissa ; 50 SW. Cattack.
Baunco, t. Bengal, Nagpour; 35 SSE. Doesa.
Baungaut, t. Hind., in Sehaurunpour; 25
NE. Merat.
Baundgah, X. Bengal ; 24 NNW. Bissunpour.
Baunk, t. Hind., Bahar ; 12 SSW. Patna.
Baurey, X. Hind., Oude; 15 S. Kairabad.
Baurinkel, X. Han., Lingen ; 6 NE. Lingen.
Bauschwitz, X. Silesia, in Neysze ; 8 ENE.
Neysze. Bausk, or Busk, t. Semigallia, on the Muza ;
18 S. Mittau. Lon. 23. 30. E. Lat. 56.26. N.
Bausset, t. France, in Var ; 18 E. S. E. Mar
seilles. Pop. 3,060.
Bautconda, X. Bengal ; 33 W. Midnapour.
r Bout sch, or Budissow, X. Moravia, in Prerau ;
20 NNE. Prerau, 20 NE. Olmutz. H. 180.
Bautzen, or Budissen, X. Sax. capital of Up-
per-Lusatia, on the Spree ; 30 ENE. Dresden ,
70 E. Leipsic. Lon. 14. 27. E. Lat. 51. 10. N.
Fop. 10,000. H. 800. It has a strong castle
situated on a rock, and is noted for a richly en
dowed establishment, called the provostship of
St. Peter, all the members of which are Catho
lics, except the head who is a Lutheran. It has
a collegiate oil., a town hall, an orphan house,
a gymnasium, ingenious water machines, pub
lic walks, and manufactures of cloth, stockings,
leather, and paper. — Near this place was fought
between tthe French and Allies, a bloody bat
tle, in which the latter were worsted.
Baux, (Les,) X. France, in Mouths-of-the-
Rhone, and district of Terascon, formerly the
chief place of an independent barony ; 6 SE.
Terascon, 9 NE. Aries. Pop. 3,531.
Bavy, small isl. E. Indian Sea, near W. coast
of Aroo. Lon. 134. 26. E. Lat. 5. 33. S.
Bawder, r. Eng., which runs into the Tees, 3
NNW. Barnard-Castle, in Durham.
Bowdsey, t. Eng., in Suffolk, with a small ha
ven in the German Ocean, at the mouth of the
Deben ; 5 NE. Harwich.
Baweet, X. Hind., Cutch ; 12 N. Mandavee.
Bawnagur, X. Hind., Guzerat, near the gulf of
Cambay ; 8 N. Gogo.
Baworew, t. Lemberg ; 64 E. Lemberg.
Bawt, X. Persia, Irak Agemi ; 80 N. Ispahan.
Bawtry, t. Eng., in West Riding of Yorkshire,
near the river Idle ; 8 S. Doncaster, 152 N.
London. Pop. 918. The principal trade is in
millstones. There are two markets weekly, on
Wednesday and Saturday.
Bawzar, X. Hind., Bahar; 7E. Saserem.
Baxa, X. Hind., Oude ; 18 W. Budaycon.
Baxias, (Great and Utile,) see Bassas. >

Baxo de Sisal, rock in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Yucatan. Lon. 90. 10. W. Lat,
21. 28. N.
Baxo Nuevo, or Sandy Key, small rocky isl
and on the Spanish Maine. Lon. 78. 35. W. Lat.
16. 12. N.
Baxos dos Abrolhos, see Abrolhos.
Baxos de Babuca, see Square Handkerchief.
Baxos de las Basonas, rocks in the Atlantic,
near the coast of Spain. Lon. 9. 6. W. Lat.
42. 38. N.
Baxos de la Candelaria,see Candlemas Shoals.
Baxos del Camboi, or the Bugles, rocks on
the Spanish Maine. Lon. 78. W. Lat. 15. 36JN.
Baxos de Corrubedo, rocks in the Atlantic,
near the coast of Spain. Lon. 9. 10. W. Lat
42. 33. N.
Baxos de Fabulo, shoals in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Africa. Lat. 11. 50. N.
Baxos de Mogincale, rocks, Mozambique
Channel, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 15, 50. S.
Baxos de Padrao, rocks in the Indian Sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 5. 30. S.
Baxos de St. Anna, dangerous shoals, Atlant
ic, near W. coast of Africa, between Cape Le-
do, and Cape St. Ann.
Baxos de St. Antoino, rocks in the Indian Sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 16 10. S.
Baxos de St. Isabella, rocks, near NW. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 35. W. Lat. 22. 36. N.
Baxos de St. Lazaro, rocks, Indian Sea, near
the coast of Africa ; 40 E. Querimba. Lat.,12.
15. S.
Baxos de St. Roque, rocky shoal on the coast
of Brazil. Lat. 4. 50. S.
Bay of Inlets, bay on NE. coast of New-Hol
land, between Cape Palmerston and Cape
Townsend. Lon. 209. 36. to 210. 40. W. Lat
21. 30. to 22. 30. S.
Bay of Islands, bay (so called from the great
number of islands which line its shores) on E.
coast of New Zealand. It affords good anchor
age, and refreshments of every kind. Lon. 186.
38. W. Lat. 35. 18. S.
Bay of Islands, bay in the straits of Magel
lan, on the coast of Terra del Fuego, so called
from the number of small islands in it. W, of
Cape Upright.
Bay of Islands, bay on W. coast of King
George III.'s Archipelago. Lon. 224. 29. E.
Lat. 57. 21. N.
Bay of Islaads, bay on W. coast of New
foundland ; 10T5. Cape Gregory.
Boy of Isles, bay on E. coast of the island of
Georgia, so called from a great number of
small islands in and before it. Lon. 37. 30. W.
Lat. 54. 3. S.
Boy Point, cape on NW. coast of New Zea
land ; 7 SE. Knuckle Point.
Eaya, s-p. Africa, in Soko, on the Gold Coast.
Baya sin Fondo, see Bottomless Bay.
Baya de Guadaloupe, see Tchinketanay.
Baya Honda, see Honda Bay.
Baya de Todos Santos, see All Saints Bay.
Bayaguana, t. St. Domingo ; 36 NE. St. Do
mingo. Bayaha, t. St. Domingo ; 20 E. Cape Fran
cois. Bayamo, or St. Salvador, t. Cuba, on the riv
er which forms a port, near S. coast; 520 ESE>

BAY

157

BAY

Havannah. Lon. 76. 55. W. Lat. 20. 46. N.
Pop. estimated at 12,000. The town is about
20 miles distant from the port. It gives name
to a channel situated between the main land of
Cuba and the islands called the Queens-Gardens.
Bayazid, see Bajazid.
Bayditte, X. Prussia; 9 SSE. Bartenstein.
Bayamo, r. Darien, which runs into the Bay
of Panama.
Baye de Foret, bay, Atlantic, on the coast of
France. Lon. 3. 53. W. Lat. 47. 53. N.
Baye de Fresnay, bay, Atlantic, on the coast
of France. Lon. 2. 1. W. Lat. 48. 36. N.
Baye de Trespasses, bay, Atlantic, on the
coast of France. Lon. 4. 37. W. Lat. 48. 3. N.
Bayersbrunn, or Baiersbronn, v. and parish,
Wurt., Black Forest, in Freudenstadt. Pop.
2,230. Bayersdorf t. Bav., Rezat, on the Rednitz ;
5 S. Forcheim, 12 N. Nuremberg. Lon. 10. 57.
E. Lat. 49. 40. N. Pop. 1,150.
Bayeux, (an Aragenus, Bedocussum, and Baio-
cas,) X. France, and principal place of a district,
in Calvados on the Aure, 4 miles from the sea ;
12 WNW. Caen, 10 NW. Falaise. Lon. 0. 42.
W. Lat. 49. 17. N. Pop. 9,970. Bp. see. Before
the revolution it was the capital of Bessin. The
cathedral is admired as the most beautiful in
the department. Besides the cathedral, there are
16 other churches, a public school, an boteldieu,
a general hospital, and several religious houses.
The principal commerce is in leather, corn,
hemp, cattle, butter, Sic
Bayhulo, r. Sicily, which runs into the sea,
on W. coast. Lon. 12. 49. E. Lat. 38. 8. N.
Bayjah, or Beja, (an. Vaeca, and Oppidum
Vagense,) X. Africa, in Tunis, on a small stream
called Wed el Boule, which runs into the Me-
jerda; 46 W. Tunis, 50 SW. Biserta. Sallust
calls it a celebrated market ; and it is now a
town of great trade, and the most considerable
mart in the kingdom, especially for corn. And
near it there is an annual fair kept, frequently
by Arabians from the most distant parts, who
resort to it with their flocks, their manufactures,
and their families. It stands on the declivity
of a hill, with the convenience of being well
watered. On the highest part is a citadel, of
no great strength ; on the walls are found some
Roman inscriptions.
Bayla, or Bela, X. Persia, in Mecran on the
Pooralie ; 290 N. Kelat. Lon. 66. 40. E. Lat.
26. 10. N. H. 2,000. The town is partly sur
rounded by a mud wall, and the houses are
built chiefly of mud. The situation of the town
is elevated and rocky ; the streets are narrow ;
and the bazar is kept veiy neat.
Bayladores, X. S. A. in New-Grenada ; 35
SSW. Merida.
Baylan, X. Syria, in Aleppo, near a road cut
in the rock ; 9 E. Alexandretta, 18 NNW. An
tioch. It is built on the side of a hill, over the
vale, and has formerly been much frequented
by the Europeans, even from Aleppo, on ac
count of the coolness of the situation, and sa
lubrity of the air; as it is now by those of
Alexandretta. This place is probably the Pic-
tonus of the Jerusalem Itinerary, which is plac
ed 9 miles from Alexandria, and 8 from Pan-
gros. This is one of the great passes in Cilicia,

Baylesburg, p-v. Southampton co. Va. ; W.
203. Baylur, s-p. Abyssinia, in pr. Dancale, on the
Red Sea. Lon. 32. 41. E. Lat. 12. 30. N,
Baynes, t. France, in Calvados; 9 WSW.
Bayeux. Baynetta, X. on S. coast of St. Domingo. Lon.
73. 39. E. Lat. 18. 16. N.
Bayon, t. France, in Meurte, on the Moselle 5
14 S. Nancy, 9 SW. Luneville. Fop. 793.
Bayonda, t Samos ; 3 WSW. Cora.
Bayonna, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, in a small
gulf near the mouth of the Minho, with a con
venient harbour ; 9 SW. Vigo, 12 NW. Tuy.
Lon. 8. 52. W. Lat. 42. 8. N. Pop. 2,500. The
sea near the coast is furnished with excellent
fish ; and the land about is fertile, and water
ed by a great number of springs.
Bayonna Islands, two small islands, and some
rocks so called, situated at the entrance of the
gulf of Bayonna ; they were anciently called
Insula Deorum, or the Isles of the Gods ; 6 NNW.
Bayonna. Bayonne, s-p. on W. coast of France ; 5£
posts from Yron, on the frontiers of Spain, and
105 SSW. Paris. Lon. 1. 24. W. Lat. 43. 29. N.
Pop. 13,190, of whom 4,000 are Jews. H. 1,520.
Cathedral 1, churches 6. Bp. see. It is the seat
of a tribunal, in the district of Ustaritz, and de
partment of Lower-Pyrenees ; situated at the
conflux of the rivers Adour and Nive, about 3
miles from the sea, with a good harbour, but
difficult to enter. It is strongly fortified, the
work of the celebrated Vauban. The town is
large, well built, commercial, and opulent.
Masts are brought from the Pyrenees, by means
of the Nive, the Gave of Oleron, and the Adour,
to Bayonne, and thence shipped to Brest, and
other ports ; a company was established here
for the northern whale fishery in 1605, and the
town is largely concerned in the cod and whale
fishery. The hams of Bayonne have been long
famous, and its wines and chocolate are ex
ported in great quantities. The language of the
common people here is the Basque.
Bayou de la Fourche, an outlet of the Missis
sippi which commences 75 miles above New
Orleans, and after a course of 135 miles flows
into the Gulf of Mexico. The banks of the river
through more than half of its course are very
fertile and well settled.
Baypour, s-p. Hind., in Calicut, on a river
capable of receiving vessels of 400 tons ; 16 S
Calicut. Lon. 75. 52. E. Lat. 11. 12. N.
Baypin, or Vaypin, isl. on the coast of Mala
bar, between Cochin and Cranganore, about
12 miles long and 2 broad.
Bayreulh, or Culmbach, formerly a principal
ity of Germany, in Franconia, bounded N. by
the Vogtland, E. by the Upper Palatinate and
Bohemia, S. by the territory of Nuremberg and
Anspach, and W. by Schwartzenburg and Bam
berg. Pop. in 1807, 250,708. The prevailing
religion is Lutheranism, The countiy now be
longs to Bavaria, included in the circles of the
Upper Maine and the Rezat.
Bayreut, see Baireul.
Bayreuth, or Bareuth, or Bareith, city, Bava
ria, capital of the circle of the Upper Maine
formerly the capital of the principality of Bay'

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reufh or Culmbach, between the Red Maine
and the rivulets Mistel and Sendel ; 48 NNE.
Augsburg, 64 N. Ratisbon, 104 W. Prague.
Lon. 11. 37. E. Lat. 49. 54. N. Pop. including
the adjacent village of St. George 11,156. H.
856. It is a fine town, with broad regular
streets, well built, and has 6 gates, an elegant
castle, 2 Lutheran, 1 Reformed, 1 Catholic
church, a synagogue, a hospital, and the Gym
nasium Illustre. It has manufactures of cloth,
potters' ware, and tobacco pipes. Here was
formerly a university, which was removed to
Erlangen in 1769.
Bays,X. France, in Mayenne; 6 N. Evron,
10 ESE. Mayenne. Fop. 1,950.
Bays, X. France, in Ardeche ; 10 NE. Viviers.
H.220. Baysaye, t. Lower Siam, on E. side of the
gulf. Lon. 103. 2. E. Lat. 11. 30. N.
Baysen, X. Prussia ; 20 WNW. Heilsperg.
Bayslacken, X. Prussia ; 6 SW. Rastenburg.
Bayuyo, X. on E. coast of Mindanao. Lon.
126. 12. E. Lat. 9. 8. N.
Baza, t. Ger., in Carniola ; 7 SSW. Feldes.
Basa, or Bafa, (an. Basli,) X. Spain, in Gre
nada, on S. side of the Guadalentin, between
Guadix and Huescar; 21 NE. Guadix. Lon. 2.
47. W. Lat. 37. 31. N. Pop. 6,900. It has 3
parish churches and 6 convents.
Baza, X. Mexico, in New Navarre ; 55 NE.
Cinaloa. Bazaar, v. Cabul, near the Indus, 18 miles
above Attock. Lon. 71. 16. E. Lat. 33. 19. N.
Bazadois, before the revolution a province of
France, situated between Agenois, Condomois,
and Guienne ; the land is sandy and unproduc
tive. Bazas was the capital.
Bazar, X. Hind., in Sehaurunpour; 30 W.
Merat Bazar, X. Hind., in Berar ; 20 W. Nagpour.
Bazar, t. on N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97.
24. E. Lat. 4. 39. N.
Bazardgik, t. A. Turkey, in Marasch ; 12 E.
Marasch. Bazarkieu, t. A. Turkey, on the confines of
Turcomania ; 20 miles from Tocat. H. 500.
Bazarsu, r. Turkish Armenia, which runs into
the Black Sea, 15 W. Keresoun.
Bazaruto, or Bocicas, three small islands in
the Mozambique Channel, near the coast of Af
rica. Lat. 22. 0. S. Lon. 36. 22. E.
Bazas, (an. Cossio, and Vasales,) city, France.
and principal place of a district, in Gironde ;
before the revolution, the capital of Bazadois,
and Bp. see; 30 SE. Bourdeaux, 38 NNW.
Agen. Lon. 0.13. W. Lat.44.26.N. Pop. 4,215.
Bazdar, X. Grand Bukharia ; 60 SE. Bukharia.
Bazdepour, cape, Bengal; 15 S. Burdwan.
Lon. 87. 58. E. Lat. 22. 59. N.
Bazer, see Bahar.
Bazetta, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 196.
Baziege, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 12
SE. Toulouse. H 300.
Bazirgion, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 57 E. Lar.
Bazoches, X. France, Vendee ; 12 NE. Lucon,
H. 290.
Bazoches au Perche Gonel, X. Franpe in Eure-
and-Loir ; 5 SE. Authon. Pop. 2,400.
Bazoches au Houlme, X. France, in Orne > 9
NW. Argentan.

Bazoches les Gallerandes, t. France, in Loiret,
6 N. Neuville. Pop. 1,050.
Bazoches aux Bois, X. France, in Aisne ; 12
E. Soissons.
Bazoge, (La,) t. France, in Sarte ; 6 N. Le
Mans. H.220.
Bazougers, X. France, in Mayenne ; 7 NE.
Laval. H. 200.
Bazouges la Perouse, X. France, in Ille-and-
Vilaine, and district of Dol ; 3 SW. Antrain, 9
SSE. Dol. Pop. 2,260.
Beach Grove, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. ; W. 204.
Beach-Hill, v. S. Carolina ; 7 SW. Dorches
ter. Bedch-Island, small isl. on the coast of Maine,
Hancock co. Pop. 8.
Beach-Island, small island, Atlantic, near the
coast of N. J. Lon. 74. 15. W. Lat. 39. 47. N.
Beaehy Head, promontory, Eng., and highest
land on S. coast of Sussex, which rises perpen
dicular over the cliffs ; 27 WNW. Dungeness.
Lon. 0. 15. E. Lat. 50. 44. N.
Beacon Island, small isl. Pamlico Sound, near
the coast of N. C. Lon. 76. 22. W. Lat. 34.
57. N.
Beacon, Old and New, two eminences of the
Highlands, N. Y. on the Hudson, below New-
burgh. Old Beacon is 1,471, and New Beacon
1,585 feet high.
Beacon Point, cape on E. coast of England,
Durham. Lon. 1. 20. W. Lat. 54. 53. N.
Beaconsfield, t. Eng., in Bucks, with a weekly?
market on Thursday; 23 WNW. London, 31 3
ESE. Oxford. Lon. 0. 38. W. Lat. 51. 36. N.
Pop. 1,461.
Beacut, t. and fort, Hind., in South Canara.
Lon. 75. 9. E. Lat. 12. 22. N. It is situated on
a high point projecting into the sea, and con
tains about 100 houses.
Beat, i. Ireland, which runs into the Shan
non, near Askeaton, in Limerick.
Bealnabrach, r. Ireland, which runs into the
Lough Corrib, in Galway.
Bealth, see Builth.
Bealsburg, v. Harden co. Kentucky, on E.
bank of Rolling Fork river ; 15 WSW. Bairds-
town, 50 SW. Frankfort.
Beamfleel, v. Eng., in Essex, on the Thames,
opposite Canvey island ; 36 E. London.
Beaminster, X. Eng., in Dorset, near the bor
ders of Somerset ; 12 WNW. Dorchester, 138
W. London. Pop. 2,290. It has a manufacture
of woollen cloth, and another of sail cloth, with
a market on Thursday.
Beane, r. Eng., which runs into the Lea near
Hoddesdon, in the county of Hertford.
Bean's Creek, p-v. Franklin co. Ten. ; W.726.
Bean's Station, p-v. Granger co. Ten. ; W. 498.
Bear, (North,) small island, St. James' Bay.
Hudson's Bay. Lon. 81. 20. W. Lat. 45. 35.N.
Bear, (South,) small island, St. James' Bay.
Lon. 81. 20. W. Lat. 54. 30. N.
Bear Bay, on S. coast of Newfoundland ; 70
E. Cape Ray.
Bear Brook, r. America, which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 93. 28. W. Lat. 44. 40. N.
Bear Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
Green River, Lon. 86. 45. W. Lat. 36. 52. N.
Bear Creek, r. N. C. which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 77. 32. W. Lat. 34. 36. N.

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Bear Gap, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa. J W.
182. Bear Grass Creek, i. Ken., which runs into
the Ohio, at Louisville.
Bear Haven, see Bantry Bay.
Bear Inlet, channel between two small isl
ands near the coast of N. C. Lon. 77. 21. W.
Lat. 34. 36. N.
Bear Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Maine. Lon. 68. 20. W. Lat. 44.
6. N.Bear Island, isl. near SW. coast of Ireland,
in Bantry Bay, about 5 miles long, and 1J wide.
Lon. 9.45. W. Lat. 51. 35. N.
Bear Lake, (White,) lake, N. A. Lat. 48. 15.
N. It is one of the sources of the Mississippi.
Bear Lake, lake, N. A. Lon. 117. 30. W. Lat.
58. 40. N.
Bear Lake, (Great,) lake, N. A. Lon. 120. W.
Lat. 65. N.
Bear Mountain, mt. situated between St. An
dre on the St. Lawrence and Lake Temis-
couata in Maine. Height 1,320 feet.
Bear River, l . N. America, which runs into
the Mississippi, Lon. 92. 44. W. Lat. 44. 20. N.
Bear Sound, on W. coast of West Greenland.
Lon. 49. W. Lat. 63. 20. N.
Beard, X. France, in Nyevre, on the Loire ;
10 SE. Nevers.
Beard's Mill, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. ; W. 393.
Bearer River, see Beaver.
Bearfield, X. Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 428.
Beam, before the revolution a province of
France, at the foot of the Pyrenees ; about 42
miles fong, and 36 broad ; bounded E. by Bi-
gorre, N. by Armagnac, Tursan, and Chalosse,
W. by Dax, a part of Soule, and the Lower-
Navarre, and S. by the Pyrenees. The plain
countiy is very fertile, and the mountains are
covered with fir trees, while within are mines
of copper, lead, and iron ; and the little hills
are planted with vines, which yield good wine.
It is now included in the department of Lower
Pyrenees. Pauwas the capital town. Pop. about
220,000. Beaser, t. Hind. ; 15 N. Benares.
Beasley's Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Ohio, Lon. 83. 55. W. Lat. 38. 35. N.
Beaslan, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 80 SW. Kin.
Beata, (La,) small isl. West-Indies, near S.
coast of St. Domingo. Lon. 72. 22. W. Lat. 17.
52. N.
Beattee, X. Hind., in Bahar; 3 S. Bcttiah.
Beallies Ford, p-v. Lincoln co. N. C. ; W.
407. Beaty, X. Hind., in Oude ; 8 SE. Lucknow.
Beaubassin, bay and harbour in the Straits of
Magellan, on the coast of Terra del Fuego.
The anchorage is very good in the bay, from
10 to 12 fathoms. Lon. 71. 13. W. Lat. 54.
22. S.
Beaucaire, t. France, and principal place of
district, in Gard, on the right bank of the
Rh6ne, opposite to Tarascon, with which it has
a communication by a bridge of boats ; 12 SW.
Avignon, 12 E. Nismes. Lon. 4. 43. E. Lat, 43.
48.N. Pop. 7,943. It hasa commodious harbour,
but is chiefly remarkable for the great annual
fair, held for 6 days, beginning July 22d. Pre
vious to 1632, the average amount of merchan

dise sold was computed at £600,600 sterling.;
now at about £300,000. The peculiar trade of
the town consists in silk, wine, oil, almonds,
spices, drugs, leather, wool, cotton, Sic
Btauce, before the revolution, a country of
France, part of Orleannois, so fertile in corn
that it was called the granary of France. It
now forms the department of Eure-and-Loire.
Chartres was the capital. It had neither moun
tain nor river.
Beauchamps, X. France, in Somme ; 15 S.
Abbeville. Beauchastel, t. France, in Ardeche ; 7 SW.
Valence, 10 NE. Privas.
Beauchene's Island, small isl. in the Atlantic ;
60 S. Falkland's Islands. Lon. 58. 59. W. Lat.
53. 0. S.
Beaudun, X. France, in Var ; 15 NE. Barjols.
Beaver, or Bearer, r. N. H. which rises ins
Londonderry, and runs S. into the Merrimack,
in Dracut.
Beaver, bor. and cap. Beaver co. Pa., at the
confluence of the Big Beaver with the Ohio ;
30 miles below Pittsburg, W. 253. Pop. 361. It
is a place of some business, containing a court
house, jail, bank, academy, and printing office.
Near it is an iron mine.
Beaver, co. W. side of Pa. ; bounded N. by
Mercer CO., E. by Butler co., SW. by Allegha
ny co., S. by Washington co., and W. by Ohio
state. Pop. in 1810, 12,168 ; in 1820, 15,340.
Beaver, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 419.
Beaver, X. Northumberland co. Pa. W. the
Susquehanna. Pop. 1,502.
Beaver Dam, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y.
Beaver, X. Greene cp. Ohio ; 86 WNW. Pitts
burg. Pop. 1,121.
Beaver, X. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 639.
Beaver, Big, X. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 742.
Beaver Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Cumberland, Lon. 85. 12. W. Lat. 36.
35. N.
Beaver Creek, r. Alabama, which runs into
the Tennessee, Lon. 87. 50. W. Lat. 34. 38. N.
Beaver (South,) X. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 800.
Beaver Creek, X. Northumberland co. Pa. ; W.
the Susquehanna. Pop, 474.-
Beaver Creek, r. N. Y., which runs SW. into
the Papachton ; 35 miles long. «•
Beaver Islands, remarkable chain of small
islands, in Lake Michigan, extending about 30
SW. into the lake. Lon. 85. 20. W. Lat. 62. 20.
N. They appear beautiful, the situation pleas
ant, but the soil barren.
" Beaver Indians, N. A. about Lon. 118. W.
Lat. 16. 20. N.
Beaver Hill, see Freedom.
Beaver River, r, N. A. which runs into the
Lale-Cross lake, Lon. 118. W. Lat. 55. 25. N. -
Beaver, (Big,) or Mahoning, r. which rises in
Portage co. Ohio, passes into Pennsylvania, and
joins the Ohio, at the town of Beaver.
Beaver Lake, lake, N. A. Lon. 102. 20. W
Lat. 54. 30. N.
Beaver, (Little,) r, Columbiana county, Ohio,
which runs S. into the Ohio, near the line of
Ohio and Pa. ;¦ 43 miles below Pittsburg. It
affords many excellent mill seats. Near the
mouth of this river there is a spring, from which
issues an oil, called Seneca oil, which is highly

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inflammable, and is useful as a remedy for
rheumatic pains.
Beaver, (Little,) t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,144.
Beaversdam, p-v. Queen Anne co. Md. ; W.
126. Beavertown, p-t. Union co.Fa; W. 162.
Beaver, (North,) X. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,206.
Beaver Dam, X. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 142.
Beaver, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 2,036.
Beaver, X. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 556.
Beaver, X. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 525.
Beavertown, see Beaver.
Beaufay, X. France, in Sarte ; 10 NE. Le
Mans. H. 300.
Beaufort, co. N. C. on Pamlico Sound. Pop.
in 1810,7,308; slaves 2,568. Pop. in 1820,9,850.
Chief town, Washington.
Beaufort, s-p. and cap. Carteret co. N. C. on
NE. side of Core Sound ; 27 NNW. Cape Look
out, 45 SSE. Newbern, W. 396. Lon. 76. 47.
W. Lat. 34. 42. N. Pop. about 500. Beaufort
Inlet, is under the lee-shore of Cape Lookout.
The harbour within the bar is safe and spa
cious ; on the bar the water is 14 feet deep. It
has been proposed to connect this inlet with
the Neuse, Tar, and Roanoke by a canal; and
thus make it the channel of the trade of all
these rivers. The shipping belonging to this
port, in 1816, amounted to 1,344 tons.
Beaufort, district, S. part of S. C. Pop. in
1810, 25,887 ; slaves 20,914. Pop. in 1820,
32,199. Chief towns, Beaufort and Coosawhat-
chie. Beaufort, s-p. and p-t. Beaufort district, S. C,
on Port Royal Island, at the mouth of the
Coosawhatchie ; 60 NE. Savannah, 72 SW.
Charleston, W. 630. Lon. 80. 33. W. Lat. 32.
31. N. Pop. about 1,000. It is a very pleasant
and healthy town, has an excellent harbour,
though but little commerce. It contains 3
churches, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Congrega-
tionalists, and 1 for Baptists. The courts of the
district were formerly held here, but they are
now removed to Coosawhatchie. Here is a
seminary, which was incorporated as a college,
endowed with funds of 60, or $70,000, having a
handsome edifice and a library of 700 volumes,
but it has hitherto assumed only the form of an
academy. Beaufort, t. France, in Drome ; 6 NE. Crest.
Beaufort, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 7
SSE. Bauge, 12 E. Angers. Pop. 5,990.
Beaufort, or Belforte, X. Savoy; 30 ENE.
Chamberry, 38 W. Aosta. Pop. 2,097.
Beaugency, or Baugency, X. France, and prin
cipal place of a district, in Loiret, on the Loire,
over which is a bridge of 22 arches ; the chief
trade is in wine and brandy ; 12 SW. Orleans.
Lon. 1. 43. E. Lat. 47. 46. N. Pop. 4,842.
Beaujeu, X. France, in Upper-Saone ; 5 NE.
Gray. H. 100.
Beaujeu, X. France, in Rhone, at the foot of
a mountain, on the Adiere, formerly the capi
tal of Beaujolois ; 12 NNW. Villefranche, 20
ENE. Roanne. Lon. 4. 40. E. Lat. 46. 10. N.
Pop. 1,665.
Beaujolois, before the revolution, a small but
fertile province of France, 30 miles long, and
24 wide, situated between the Lyonnois, Bur
gundy, the Saone, and the Loire.

Beauley, r. Scotland, which rises in Inver
ness-shire, and runs into the Frith of Murray at
the town of Beauley.
Beauley, or Bewley, t. Scot, in Ross, on N.
side of a river of the same name, at its conflux
with the Frith of Murray ; 8 S. Dingwall, 10
N. Inverness. Lon. 4. 21. W. Lat. 57. 29. N.
Vessels as large as 90 tons frequent the port.
It is a place of some trade ; and there is a post-
office. Beaulieu, X. France, in Correze, on the Dor-
dogne; 17 S. Tulle, 17 SE. Brieve. Pop. 1,940.
Beaulieu sous la Roche, X. France, in Vendee;
7 W. Roche-sur-Yon, 12 NNE. Sables d'Olonne.
Pop. 1,367.
Beaulieu, X. France, in Indre-and-Loire, on
the Indre, opposite Loches. Pop. 2,030.
Beaulieu, X. France, in Loiret ; 12 SE. Gien.
Pop. 2,080.
Beaulieu, r. Eng., which rises in Hampshire,
near Lyndhurst, and runs into the English
Channel about 7 miles E. Lymington. This
river and a village about 7 NE. from the mouth,
take their name from a celebrated Cistertain
abbey, founded by King John.
Beaulon, t. France, in IUe-and-Villaine ; 12
SW. Rennes.
Beaumarchez, X. France, in Gers ; 13 W. Mi-
rande, 20 W. Auch. Lon. 0. 10. E. Lat. 43.
35. N. Pop. 1,925.
Beaumaris, or Beaumarsh, s-p. Wales, and
county town of the island of Anglesea, very
near the Irish Sea, with a large and safe har
bour, and good anchorage ; 28 ESE. Holyhead,
240 NW. London. Lon. 4. 15. W. Lat. 53. 14.
N. Pop. 1,510. The trade was once very con
siderable, but is now removed to other ports,
chiefly Liverpool. It is a town corporate and
borough, returning one member to the British
parliament. Beaume, mt. France, in Var, between Aix,
Marseilles, and Toulon.
Beaumenil, X. France, Eure ; 6 SE. Beynay.
Beaumetz-les-Loges, X. France, in Straits-of-
Calais ; 6 SW. Arras.
Beaumont, t. Surinam, on the Surinam.
Beaumont, X. France, in Calvados; 3 W.
Pont l'Eveque, 18 ENE. Caen.
Beaumont, t. France, in COte-d'Or ; 16 NE.
Dijon. Beaumont, X. France, in Channel ; 8 W. Cher
burg. Beaumont, t. France, in Puy-de-Dflme ; 2 S.
Clermont. Pop. 1,465.
Beaumont, X. Neth. Hainaut ; 8 E. Mauberge.
Pop. 1,376.
Beamont-lesrForges, X. France, in Nyevre, on
the Nyevre ; 13 N. Nevers.
Beaumont-la-Ronce, X. France, in Indre-and-
Loire ; 7 N. Tours. H. 270.
Beaumont-sur- Vesle, X. France, in Marne, on
the Vesle; 8 SE. Reims.
Beaumont, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on
the Oise ; 9 NE. Pontoise, 33 N. Paris. Pop.
1,436. Beaumont, t. France, in Dordogne ; 9 W.
Belvez, 27 S. Perigueux. Pop. 1,392.
Beaumont, X. France, in Sarte ; 15 NE. Le
Mans. Pop. 1,920.
Beaumont, t. Canada, on the river St. Law
rence ; 10 ENE. Quebec.

BEA

161

BEG

Beaumont en Argonne, X. France, Ardennes ;
10 SSE. Sedan, 27. E. Rethel. H. 280.
Beaumont en Gatinois, X. France, in Seine-
and-Marne ; 12 SW. Nemours, 24. SSW. Fdn-
tainbfeau. Pop. 1,150.
Beaumont de Lomagne, X. France, Upper-Ga- ,
ronne ; 10 SSW. Castel Sarrasin, 15 NW. Gre- 1
nade. Pop. 3,057.
Beaumont le Roger, X. France,1 in Eure ; 7 E
Bernay, 15 W. Evreux. Lon. 0, 52. E. Lat. 49.
5. N. Pop. 1,325.
Beaune, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 9 E.
Angers, 9 W. Bauge.
Beaune, t. France, and principal place of a
district, ih C6te-d'Or ; celebrated for its wine ;
21 S. Dijon, 25 SE. Auxerre, Lon. 4. 54. E.
Lat. 47. N'. Pop. 8,344.
Beaune, X. France, in Loiret; N.-Bois-Com-
mun, 13 WNW. Montargis. Pop. 2,028.
Beauport,v. Lower-Canada, on the St. Law
rence, a little below Quebec. It consists of 60
or 70 houses, built principally on one street, 4
or 5 miles long, extending to the Montmorency.
Beaupreau, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;
9 S. St. Florent, 9 NNW. Chollet. Pop. 1,640.
Beaupuy de Graniaque, X. France, in Upper-
Garonne ; 5 ENE. Toulouse. H. 400.
Beauqueme, X. France, in Somme ; 6 SE.
Doulens. Pop. 2,046.
Beauregard, X. France, in Dordpgne ; 12 S.
Perigueux. Beauregard, X. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 9
E. Clermont Ferrand. Pop. 1,492.
Beauregard; X. France, Lot ; 15 ESE. Cahors:
Beauregard, X. France, in Ain ; 3 NE. Ville
Franche. Pop. 278.
Beauregard, t. Savoy ; 11 NE. Geneva.
Beaurepair, X. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire;7
E. Louhans, 9 N. Cuzeau.
Bedwrepaire, X. France, in Isere ; 9 SE. Vi
enne, 26 SSE- Lyons. Pop. 2,158.
Beaurevoir, t. France, in Aisne ; 10 SSE.
Cambray. H. 200.
Beaurrieux, t. France, in Aisne; 10 NW.
Reims. H. 220.
Beaussault, X. France, in Lower-Seine, on the
Arques ; 5 S. Neufchatel. H. 230.
Beausset, (Le,) X. France, in Var ; 7 NW.
Toulon. Pop. 2,980.
Beauvais, r. N. America, which runs into lake
Michigan, Lon. 85. 36. W. Lat. 43. 50. N.
Beauvais, or Beauvoir sur Matllas, X. France,
in LdwerJCharente ; 15 NE. Saintes. H. 190.
Beauvais, (an. Cesaromagus,) city, France,
capital of Oise, on the Therin ; 7 posts S. Ami
ens, 8 N. Paris. Lon. 2. 5. E. Lat. 49. 26. N.
Pop. 12,392. It is a well built, commercial
town, and has flourishing manufactures of linen
and woollen cloths. Before the revolution, the
capital of the Beauvaisis, and bp. see. It was
beseiged by the English without success, in the
year 1443 ; and by the duke of Burgundy, in
1472, to as little purpose, though at the head of
80,000 men. In the latter siege, the women of
Beauvais gave great proofs of their courage
under the conduct of Jane de Hachett, whose
portrait is preserved in the Town house ; and
ih memory of their brave defence, the women
walk first in a procession, kept annually on the
10 of July. The'cathedral is much admired ;
Vol. L. 21

besides' this, there are 6 collegiate, and 3 parish
churches. Beauvaisis, before 'the revolution, a small
province of France, bordered N. by'Picardy,
W. by Vexin-Normand, S. by Vexin-Francjois,
and E. by Senlis ; the country is very fertile,
and was one, of the first" conquered by'the
French. Beauvais is the capital. .
Beauval, t. France, in Sorrime ; 3 S. Doulens'"
Beauville, X. France,- in Lot-and-Garonne ; 10
N. Valence, 12 ENE, Ageri. Lon. 58. E. Lat.
44. 17. N. Pop. 1,800.
Beauvoir sur Mer, X. France, in Vendue ; 7
NW. Challans. Pop. 1,892.
Beavoir, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 6 NNE,
Lihons. H. 280.
Beauvoir sur Noirt, X. France, in Two-Sevres ;
7 S. Niort
Beauvoir, ' X. France, in Isere"; 6ESE. St:.
Marcelin, 15 SW. Grenoble.
Beauzac, t. France, in Upper Loire ; 4 SW.
Monistrol. Pop. 2,457,
Beauzee, X. France, in Meuse ; 9 SSE. Cler
mont en Argonne, 13 SSW.1 Vei'dun.
Beawull, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 30 SW. Bur-
hampour. '1
Bebe, or Bibeh, X. Egypt ; 8 S.'.Beriisuef.
¦Bebeburg, X. A: Turkey, in Ourfa-, 4 W.
Ourfa. Bebehowa, X. Podolia ; 14 SE- BracIaW.
Beber, r. Magdeburg, which runs into.Ohra^
4 W. Wolmirstadt,
Beblingen, X. Wurtemberg; 9 SW. Stuttgard,
jBe6ra,'see Bibra.
Bebre, r. France, which runs into the Loire,
opposite Bourbon LanCy:
Bee, (Le,) t. France, Eure; 25 WSW. Rouen,
H.100. Bee Crespin, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 9 E.'
Havre. Bee de Marsoin, peninsular neck of land, on
N. coast of St. Domingo, which extends a few
miles into the sea. Lbn. 74. 27. E. Lat. 18,
36. N.. ' "
Beccaria, t. Clearfield co. Pa. ,.Pop. 236.
Beccles, t. Eng., in Suffolk, on the borders of
Norfolk, on the WaVenay, with a market on
Saturday ; 12 S. Norwich, 15 SW. Yarmouth,
108 NNE. London. Pop. 2,979.
Becede, (La,) t. France,, on the Aude ; 3
NNW. St. Papoul, 4 N'. Castelnaudary.
Becerril, X. Spain, Leon ; 10. NW. Palencia.
Bechan, r. North-Wales, which runs into the
Severn, 3. WSW. Montgomery.
Bechere Gol, lake, A. Turkey, in Caf amania ;
40 W. Cogni.
Becherel, X. Frauce, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 9
Montfort, 13 NW. Rcnnes. Pop. 493:
Bechia, t. Hind., Malwa ; 25 SSW. Seronge.
Bechhofen, (CentJX. Bav. ; 8 S. Bamberg.
Bechhofen, t. Bav., in Rezat ; 6 N. Wassertru-
dingen.' Pop. 710.
Bechin, X. Bohemia, in the circle of Bechin
or Tabor,' on the Luschnitz ; 50 S Prague'
Lon. 1.4. 19. E. Lat. 49. 20. N. Pop. I,4g6 It
has an elegant castle.
Bechna, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundella ; 15 E
Mundella. Bechtheim, t. Hesse,, district of AJtzey. Pon
1,787. * '

BED

162

BED

Beckamsville, or Rocky Mount, p-t. Chester co.
S. C, on the Wateree; 30 NW. Camden, W.
480. This place is celebrated for a shad fishery.
Beckem, or Beckum, X. Pru. Westphalia in
Munster, on the Werse ; 12 N. Lippstadt, 17
SSE. Munster. Pop. 1,459.
Beckenreid, see Beggenreid.
Becket, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 17 SE.
Lenox, 110 W. Boston, W. 376. Pop. 984.
Beckinglon, t. Eng., in Somersetshire ; 3 SE.
Frome. Pop. 1,469.
Beckmansville, p-v. Schoharie co. N. Y., W.
376. Beckrampour, X. Bahar ; 13 NE. Chuprah.
Becla, now Veglia.
Beczwa, i. Moravia, which passes by Mese-
ritch. Beda, now Bidburg.
Bedague, r. Sumatra, which runs into the
Straits of Malacca, Lon. 98. 27. E. Lat. 3. 40. N.
Bedagur, t. Hind., in Gurrah, on the Nerbud-
dah ; 9 SW. Gurrah.
Bedakshan, see Badakshan.
Bedale, X. Eng., in N. Riding of York, with a
market on Tuesday ; 6 from Northallerton, 220
N. London. Pop. 1,076. The country round
is celebrated for breeding horses.
Bedamungahun, t. Hind., in Mysore. Lon. 78.
24. E. Lat. 12.58. N.
Bedan, small isl. in the Indian Sea, near the
coast of Queda. Lon. 100. 6. E. Lat. 5. 48. N.
Bedanore, see Bednore.
Bedar, v. Palestine, anciently a considerable
town, which was granted by Baldwin I. king of
Jerusalem, to the bishop of Bethlehem ; 2 Acre.
Bedarrides, X. France, in Vaucluse ; 7 SW.
Orange. Bop. 1 ,658.
Beaarrieux, X. France, in Herault, on the
Orbe ; 16 N. Beziers. Lon. 3. 15. E. Lat. 43.
37. N. Pop. 3,338. The inhabitants carry on a
manufacture of druggets and other woollen
stuffs. ' '
Bedat, (Le,) r. France, which runs into the
Allier, near Montferand.
Bedburg, or Bebber, t. Pru., Lower Rhine, in
Coblentz, on the Erfft; 14 W. Cologne, 20 NE.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Lon. 6. 33. E. Lat. 5U 55. N.
Pop. 503.
Beddapollam, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 14 W.
Gurramconda. Bedder, yale, Arabia, where the Koreish were
defeated by Mahomet, in the first year of the
Hegira j 20 Medina, 40 Mecca.
Beddigam, X. Ceylon ; 80 S. Candi. -
Bedi, v. Egypt, near the Red Sea, where good
water is found ; 16 SSW. Suez.
Bedee, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, and dis
trict of Montfort ; 3 N. Montfort, 10 WNW.
Rennes.. Bedenbostel, X. Han. in Luneburg. Pop. 347.
Beder, X. Hind., and country of Dowlatabad,
in the Deccan ; 60 NW. Hydrabad, 70 W: Wa-
rangola. Lon. 78. 2. E. Lat. 17. 48. N, It is
the capital of a province of the same name, and
is fortified with a stone wall, a dry ditch, and
many round towers. The wall is 6 miles in
circ. The town is much decayed, but the re
mains of many good buildings are still to be
seen. •Bederkesa, X. Bremen; 11 S. Otterndorf, 14
NW. Bremerford. Pop. 1,797.

Bedford, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H., on W.
side of the Merrimack ; 8 NE. Amherst, 56 W.
Portsmouth, W. 487. Pop. in 1810, 1,296 ; in
1820, 1,375.
Bedford, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ;, 13 NW.
Boston. Pop. 648.
Bedfofd, (New,)v-X. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass.;
26 SSE. Taunton, 52 S. Boston, W. 458. Lon.
70. 54. W. Lat. 41. 38. N. Pop. in 1810, in
cluding Fairhaven, 5,651 ; in 1820, exclusive of
Fairhaven, 3,947. Fairhaven, lying opposite
to New Bedford, formed a partof this town till
1812. New Bedford is pleasantly situated on
W, side of an arm of the sea, which makes up
from Buzzard's bay. This arm of the sea may
be considered the estuary of Accushnet river,
which flows into it, near the town. It contains
a bank, an insurance office, 5 houses of public
worship; lfor Friends, 2 for Congregationalists,
and 2 for Baptists ; and a respectable and flour
ishing academy for Friends, which has 2 in-
structers, a library of about 900. volumes, and
a small philosophical apparatus.
The harbour is safe and commodious, haying
a depth of water of from 3 to 4 fathoms. The
shipping belonging to this port, in 1820, amount
ed to 32,240 tons. Being surrounded by a coun
try, which furnishes but few articles of export,
the prosperity of the town depends much on
the whale fishery. There were, in 1818, em
ployed in this business about 20 vessels of from
200 to 300 tons, and several smaller, ones ; the
whole carrying upwards of 6,000 tons. Forty-
five sail of vessels, belonging to the district,
were employed in the cod and other fisheries ;
several trade direct to Europe, the West Indies,
and different parts, of the United States. The
exports to Europe and the West Indies for two
years, ending June 30, 1818, averaged $130,000
each ; of which sperm aud whale oil, sperm
candles, fish and fish oil, constituted the great
est part. There are three rope-walks, and ship
building is carried on to considerable extent. A
weekly newspaper is published here.
Bedford, E. part of Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bedford; p-t. West-Chester co. N. Y.; 44
NNE. New York, 130 S. Albany, W. 272. Pop.
2,432. The village contains a court-house, a
jail, ah academy, and a Presbyterian meeting
house. The courts of the county are held al
ternately at Bedford, and at White Plains.:
Bedford, co. S. side of Pa. ; bounded N. and
NE. by Huntingdon* co., E. by Franklin co., S.
by Maryland, and W. by Somerset and Cam
bria cos. Pop. in 1810, 15,746 ; in 1820,20,448,
Bedford, p-t. bor. and cap. Bedford co. Pa. ;
100 ESE. Pittsburg, 200 W. Philadelphia, W.
i29. Pop. of the borough, 789 ; including the
township, 2,1 16. It is finely situated on a branch
of the Juniatta, regularly laid out, and contains
a court house, a jail, a market-house, a Presby
terian church, and a bank. It is built on an
eminence enveloped by mountains. Will's
mountain, on the west side of the town, is 1,300
feet high, and Dunning's mountain, on the east
side, is 1,100 feet high. A mile and a half south
of the town, there are mineral springs, which
were discovered in 18Q4, and are much resorted •
to, and are found useful in cutaneous complaints,
ulcers, rheumatisms, chronic complaints, &c.

BED

163

BEE

Bedford, co. S. part of Va. ; bounded NE.by
Amherst co., E. by Campbell co., S. by Pittsyl
vania co, SW. by Franklin co., and WNW. by
Botetourt, and Rockbridge cos. Pop. in 1810,
16,148 ;: slaves, 6,147. Pop. in 1820, 19,305.
Chief town, Liberty.
Bedford, co. West Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
8,242 ; slaves, 1,180. Pop. in 1820, 16,012. Chief
town, Shelby ville.
Bedford, t. Eng., and capital of the county of
Bedford, to which it gives name, situated on
the Ouse ; 22 SE. Northampton, 50 N. London.
Lon. 0. 27. W. Lat. 52. 8. N. Pop. 4,605. It
contains 5 churches, 3 on the N. and 2 on the
S. side of the river, 3 independent meeting
houses, and a free grammar school liberally
endowed. The principal manufacture is lace.
It is a place of considerable trade, which is
much assisted by the river, navigable to Lynn,
and is the only market town of the county, on
N, side of the Ouse ; the soil about is fertile,
particularly in excellent wheat. It sends two
representatives to parliament. It has two mar
kets weekly, viz. one on Monday, chiefly for
cattle ; the other on Saturday, for corn and
provisions. Bedford, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near Liver
pool. Pop. 2,000.
Bedfordshire, co. Eng., bounded N. by the
counties of Huntingdon and Northampton, E.
by Cambridgeshire, S, by Hertfordshire, and
W. by Buckinghamshire. The form is oval ;
and extent about 33 miles long, from N. to S.,
20 broad, from E. to W. and nearly 145 in cir
cumference ; and containing an area of about
480 square miles, or 307,200 acres. In nine
hundreds, into which the county is divided,
there are 124 parishes and 10 market towns,
viz. Bedford, Ampthill, Biggleswade, Dunstable,
Leighton-Buzzard, Luton, Potton, Shefford,
Tuddington, and Woburn. The principal pro-
duotions of Bedfordshire are corn and butter.
It sends 4 members to parliament, viz, 2 for the
county and 2 for the town of Bedford. Pop.
70,213. Bedford Level, large tract of land in England,
in the counties of Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk,
Huntingdon, Northampton, and Lincoln, for
merly full of fens and marshes, and in rainy
seasons for the most part under water, but
drained at the expense of £400,000 by the no
ble family of Russell, earls and dukes of Bed
ford, and others ; by which means 100,000 acres
of good land have been brought to use.
Bedias, t Mingrelia ; 30 E. Isgaur.
Bedisola, X. Aust. Italy, in Brescia, on the
Chiesa ; 7 W. Dezenzano. Pop. 2,000.
Bedka, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia ; 30 SSW.
Belgrade. „
Bedminster, v. Sussex co. N. J. ; 13 SE. Mor-
ristown. Here is an academy.
Bedminster, X. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,248.
Bednal, or Bethnal Green, one of the hamlets
of the parish of Stepney, now covered with
houses, and joined to London. In it is the noble
hospital of the Trinity-house, for decayed mas
ters of ships, or pilots!
- Bednore, or Biddanore, country, Hind., lay
ing NW. Mysore which takes its name from the
capital, Bednore.

Bednore, city, Hind., and capital of a district,
NW. Mysore countiy, to: which it is united ;
140 i NW. Seringapatam, 330 SSE. Bombay.
Lon. 74. 48. E. Lat. 13.47. N. This was for
merly the capital of Canara, and, is said to have
contained 20,000 houses. When taken by Hy-
der, in 1763, it was estimated at 8 miles in
circumference, and it is said that the plunder
realized actually amounted to 12 millions ster
ling. It was afterwards named Hydernagur.
It was taken aud plundered by the British, ih
1785, who were attacked and all destroyed or
taken prisoners by Tippoo. At the death of
Tippoo the city contained 1,500 houses, besides
huts, and is fast recovering, being a convenient
thoroughfare for goods.
Bedoed Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 109.
W. Lat. 60. 20. N. ¦ . .
Bedon, X. Palestine ; S NW. Jerusalem.
Bedou,X. France,' Vaucluse ; 9 NE. Venasque.
Bedouins, tribe of wandering Arabs, who
rove from place to place, not only in Asia, but
in Egypt and other parts of Africa, with their
wives, children, and cattle. They generally en
camp in deserts, near water i and pasture, for
the advantage of feeding their horses and cam
els ; they never dwell in towns, and avoid plac
es where they are in danger of being surprised.
Their hand is against every man, iand every
man's hand is against them. They are Mahom
etans. Bedr, X. Arabia ; 56 SSW. Medina.
Bedr Hounain, X. Arabia, in Hedjas ; 40 SE.
Jumbo. Bedramangoody, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 40 N.
Seringapatam. Bedre, t. Arabian Irak; 27 NE. Shehrban.
Bedrochene, X. Egypt-, 16 S. Gizeh.
Bedrola,X. Spain, Aragon'; 24 Sanguesa.
Bedwin, (Great,) X. Eng., in Wilts, near the
borders of Berkshire ; 6 W. Hungerford, 70 W,
London. Lon. 1. 37. W. Lat..51.23. N. Pop,
851. It is said to have been a city in the time
of the Saxons, but is now very much decayed;
it is however, a borough sending two members
to the British parliament.
Bedworth, X. Eng., in Warwickshire; 4 S.
Nuneaton. Pop. 2,794.
Beeas, t. Bengal ; 16 E. Nattore.
Beeban, narrow pass through a rocky valley,
in the road from Algiers to Constantina; 6 N.
Accaba. It is continued for above half a mile
under two opposite ranges of lofty precipices.
At every winding, the rocky stratum that
originally went across it, and thereby separated
one part of this valley from another, is hewn
down like so many door-cases, each of them
7 or 8 feet wide.
Beech Fork, r. Kentucky, which runs info
Rolling Fork, Lon. 86. 1. W. Lat. 37. 34. N.'
Bedriacum, now Canelo.
Beed, t. Guzerat ; 10 NW. Noanagur.
Beedagur,X. Hind., in Gurry Mundella; 5 W.
Gurrah. Beef Island, small island near the coast of N,
A. in the bay of Compeachy ; Lon. 93. W. Lat
18. 20. N.
Beegygur, t. Hind., Agra; 15 NE. Narwa.
Beehpaur, X. Oude; 15 N. Fyzabad.
Beejapour, X. Hind,, Oude ; 12. W. Currah,

BEE

16-4

BEG

Beekman, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. ; 12 E.' Hud
son city. Pop. 4,257. This township contains
6 houses of public Worship, 4 for friends, 1 for
Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Baptists.
Beekmantotuin, X. Clinton co. N. Y., on Lake
Champlain; 6 N. Platsburg. Pop. 1,343.
Beelike, see Beelich.
, Beelin's Ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. ; W,
144. ... ;
Beelmal, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 15 miles Bud-
dakano. Beclshwiti, X. Prussia, Oberland ; 20 SE. Ma-
rienwerder. jBeema, r. Hind., which runs into the western
Gauts, on the herders of Concan ; and after a
SE. direction of upwards of 30D miles, joins
the Kistnah, about '20 W. Rachore.
Beemsler, great drained marsh or lake of
North Holland. It was formerly a large lake,
covering a great extent of country; which by
the industry of the Hollanders, who have drain
ed, the water, is converted into excellent pas
ture. Beendorah, X. Bengal ; 5 SE. Burwa.
Beenishenr, X. in the northern part of Hindos-
ton, on the Gunduck, close to the Himmalah
mountains. Lon. 84. 20. E. Lat. 28. 21. N. It
is an entrepot of considerable trade.
Beer, t. Hind., Bahar ; 14 S. Patna.
Beer; or Beerji'ck,. or Bir, or Biradschick, t.
A. Turkey, Diarbekir, supposed to have been
anciently called Thior and Barsampse, and by
some supposed to be the ancient Birtha; 60
NE. Aleppo, 115 SW. Diarbekir. Lon. 38.E.
Lat. 37. N. Pop. 3,500. It is situated on the
side of hills, near the left bank of the Euphra
tes ; the great plenty of waters together with
the fine country along that river, and islands in
it, make this place very agreeable. The castle
is strong, and contains a collection of those
arms andi weapons, which where used before
the invention of gunpowder. Through this
place is the great passage over the Euphrates,
from Aleppo to Ourfa, Diarbekir, and Persia.
Beer Emir,. X. Palestine ; 3 S. Nazareth.
Beera, X. Bengal, Nagpour ; 30 SSW. Doesa.
Lon. 84. 50. E. Lat 22. 33. N.
Beeralston, see Berealston.
Beercool, t Bengal, Midnapour, near the
bay of-Bengal ; 47 S. Midnapour.
Beergool; t. Bengal ; 25 S. Palamow.
Beerjick, see Beer.
Beering's Bay, bay on W. coast of N. A., in
N. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 130. W. Lat 59. 18. N.
Beering's Island, isl. in N. Pacific Ocean,
about 90 miles long, and 25, to 30 wide ; Lon.
163. 12. to 164. 12. E: Lat. 54. 45. to 56. 10. N.
Neither thunder nor the Aurora Borealis have
ever been observed here. The island has
springs of excellent water, and beautiful cata
racts. Of animals there are only ice-foxes, seals,
sea-bears, sea-lions, seat-cows, Sic. No wood
grows here ; but several kinds of plants are seen.
The island is uninhabited.
Beering's Straits, the narrow sea between
NW. coast of N. America, and the NE. coast of
Asia; 39 miles wide in the norrowest part.
Lon. 168. 15. to 169. 20. W. Lat. 65. 46. to 65.
52. N.
Beerma, t. Hind., Bahar; 9 W. Palamow.

Beerna-billiat, t Palestine, probably Bcerolh
of the Gibeonites; 16 NNW. Jerusalem.
Beeroo, country, Africa, bounded N. by Saha
ra, E. by Massina, S. by Bambarta, and W. by
Ludamar. Walet is the capital. The com*
try is supposed to be populous, but is little
known. i
Beerpouf; t. Hind,, in Bahar, on the left bank
of the Ganges ; 15 SE. Hagypour.
Beer-shebd, city on S. boarder of. the Isreal-
ites ; 40 SW. Jerusalem. Dan was on N. bor«
der, 160 miles distant ; hence the proverbial
phrase M from Dan to Beer-sheba."
Beersingpour,.X. Hind., in Oude ; 15 NE. Sul-
tanpour. Beer-stall, X. Algiers ; 18 SW. Constantina.
Beerwaldt, X. Prussia, Pomerelia; 13 NNW.
Marienburg. Beerwalde, see Baerwalde.
Beeseally, r. Bengal, which runs into the
Hooringotta, Lon. 90: 8. E. Lat. 22. N.
Beesen, t. Pru., Magdeburg; 4 NW; Con.
nern. Beesenstadt, X. Pru. Saxony ; 6 E. Eiszleben.
Beesh, (La,) lake, U. S., the northern source
of the Mississippi. Lon. 96. 40. W. Lat. about
48. N. It communicates with Cassina Ialce by
a river called La Beesh, or Mississippi, it being
considered the head branch of that river.
Beeskow, t Pru. Brandenburg,, in Frankfort,
on the Spree ; 16 SW. Frankfor^ on the Oder,
34ESE. Berlin. Lon. 14. 15. E. Lat. 52. 11.
N. Pop. 2,224. A cloth manufacture is car
ried on in the town.
Beest, t. Holland, Guelderland ; 5 SSW. Cut*
emburg. Becsten, X. Han.,, Lingen ; 7 SSE. Lingen.
Beeston, v. Eng., in Cheshire ; 8 W. Nant-
wich. Pop. 410. Here are the remains of an
an ancient oastle.
Beeslalung, X. Bengal; 42 SW. Silhet.
Beetoor, t.'Hind., Allahabad; 27 N. Corajt
Beforl, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Upper-Rhine ; 3£ posts NNW. Por-
entrui, 15£ SSW. Strasburg, and 50| E. Paris.
Lon. 6. 57. E. Lat. 47. 38. N. Pop. 4,400. It
was fortified by Vauban. There are several
forges in the town, in which they manufacture
many tons of excellent iron.
Sega, or Vega, r. Ger., which runs into the
Werra, 4 NW. Lemgo, in Westphalia.
Bega,or Vega, (La,) t. St. Domingo; 108
ESE. Cape Francois.
Bega, or Beki, r. Hungary, which runs into
the Temes, at Temesvar.
Begarmee, or Begherme, country,' Africa, situ
ated E. of Cashna, and S. ofBornou. Lon. 20,
to 25. E. Lat. 15. to. 17. 30. N,
Begarmee, see Mesna.
Begarra, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 12 miles
' Alcariz. Begbelin, see Bersabea.
Begeepour, t. Hind,, in Allahabad; 12 W.
Currah. Begemder, pr. Abyssinia, situated NE. Tigre.
This province is remarkable for the goodness-
of its soldiers, and the number of borsemen>
that can be raised. In many provinces fa
vour is only necessary to procure the govern
ment ; but the consequence of Begemder' is-*

BEH

165

BEJ

so great, that none but noblemen of rank, fam
ily, and character, able to maintain a great
number of troops, are entrusted with the gov
ernment. Beggah, t. Hind., in Bahar; 70 S. Patna.
Beggenried, v. Switz., in Underwalden, cele
brated for its cheese ; 6 miles from Stantz. At
this place the four cantons of Uri, Schwitz,
Underwalden, and Zug, meet from time to
time on affairs common to them all.
Beger, see Vejer.
Begheri, mt. A. Turkey, near the Euphrates ;
10 NW. Nausa. :
Begherme, country, Africa, bounded N. by
Bourhou, E. by Bergoo, and W. Cassina. It is
but little known ; governed by a sultan de
pendent on Bornou.
Beghni, (an. Emporiae,) X. Africa, in Tunis ;
18 NW. Gabs.
Begkawe, X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw; 3 W.
Melnik. Bcglaiseh; X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 8 N.
Ker-shehr. Begle, v. France, in Gironde ; LJ mile from
Bourdeaux. H. 420.
Begow, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, a little
W. Nassau island. Lon. 99. 50. E. Lat. 3. 2. S.
Begzam, X. Africa, Cashna ; 200 N. Cashna.
Beliaban, X. Persia, in Fars, capital of the
mountainous district of Khogilsea ; 150 Shi-
raz. Pop. 10,000. It is walled, and is situat
ed in a valley highly cultivated, and intersected
by the rivers Zab and Jerahi.
Behamberg, t. Austria; 3 E. Steyr.
Behamkirchen, X. Austria ; 6 SE. St. Polten.
Behara, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 35 E. Surat.
Behat, or Chelum, (an. Hydaspes,) r. Asia, in
the country of the Seiks, which runs into the
Chnnaub, 14 S. Kooshaub.
Behaungur, X. Hind., Lahore; 35 W. Nagor-
cote. Brhawulpour, X. Hind., in Moultan ; 30 S. by
E. Moultan.
Beherak, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 18 NE. Koo
shaub. Beheriis, X. Arabian Irak ; 20 NNE- Bagdad.
Behesna; (an. Pend&nissus,) fortress, Syria,
between Aleppo and Malatia, which was tak
en by Timur Bee, in 1400.
Behirat el Merdj, or Khotdibe, lake, Syria, 7
or 8 leagues in circuit, having no visible out
let ; 21 E. Damascus.
Behiu, t Egypt ; 17 S. Abu Girge.
Behker, district, India, in S. part of Moultan,
situated on E. side of the Indus.
Behker, or Bhakor, X. India, and capital of a
countiy to which it gives name, • situated on an
island in the river Indus ; 145 S. Moultan, 304
W. Agimere. Lon. 70. 1. E. Lat. 27. 30. N.
Bcitlulia, X. Syria ; 40 SW. Aleppo.
Beam's Canal; channel, N. Pacific Ocean,
which separates the island of Revilla Gigedo
from W. coast of N. America ; 50 miles in
length from the S. entrance, between Point
Alava and Point Sykes, to the N. extremity be
tween Point Wbally and Point Fitzgibbon.
Behbur, X. Hind., in Lahore; 72 N. Lahore.
Lon. 72. 35. E. Lat. 32. 16. N.
Behnese, (an. Oxyrinchus,) t. Egypt, in the
Kalitsil-Menhi ; 10 NW. Abu Girge,

Behoro, ton W. coast of Bouro. Loii. 126,
23. E. Lat. 3. 23. N.
Behrendt, X. West Prussia, in the government
of Dantzic, on the Ferse. Pop. 840.
Behpour, X. Bengal ; 9 N. Boglipour.
Behring's Bay, see Beering's Bay.
Behrouz, X. Hind. ; 32 E. Sehaurunpour.
Behla, X. Hind., in Baglada ; 24 S. Daroaun.
Behungen, t. Ger. in Meiningen ; 4 W. Rom-
hild. Behut, X. Hind., in Malwa, on the Betwha ;
21 NNE- Chandaree, 128. S. Agra. Lon. 78.
56. N. Lat 26. 8. N.
Behut, X. Hind., in Gohud; 21 SW, Gwalior.
Beja, or Bexa, (an. Pax Julia,) city, Portu
gal, in Alentejo. Bp. see. 72 SSE. Lisbon. Lon.
7. 50. W. Lat. 38. N. Pop. 6,217. It is near
the lake of the same name, famous for an ex
cellent species of fish, which they say makes a
noise before rain and tempests.
Beja, see Bayjah.
Beiad, or Beyadie, X. Egypt,- the retreat of a
band of Christians, whom Captain Norden took
for highwaymen ; 24 ENE. Benisuef.
BejagUr, circar, Hind., in N. part of Cande
ish, between the Nerbuddah and Taptee ; about
150 miles in length, and from 20 to 36 broad.
Bejan, X. Curdistan ; 65 E. Erbil.
Bejapour, or Visiapour, pr. Hind., bounded
N. and E. by Aurungabad and Beder, S. by
North Canara and the river Toombudra, and
W. by the sea ; about 350 miles long, and 200
broad. It is watered by the Toombudra, Kisf-
na, Beemah, and Gutputba ; and is traversed by
the Ghaut mountains. The soil is generally
fertile, and provisions plentiful. The chief
cities are Bejapour, Boonah, "the capital of the
Mahrattas, St. Kuttany, and Nubely. Four fifths
of the country are subject to the Mahrattas ;
the rest to the Nizam. Pop. estimated at
7,000,000 ; one twentieth Mahometans, the rest
Hindoos. Bejapour, or Visiapour, city, Hind., capital of
the above province : 306 N. Seringapatam, 384
NW. Madras. Lon. 75. 42. E. Lat. 17. 9. N. It
is situated in a fertile plain, and is of Very great
extent, consisting of 3 towns within each other ;
the innermost is the citadel, a mile in circuit ;
the next a fort, 8 miles in compass ; and the
exterior is environed with walls many miles in
circ. But a great proportion of the space is
covered with ruins ; it is thinly inhabited, but
the population is unknown. The inhabitants
affirm, that according to authentic records, it
contained, in the time of its prosperity, 984,456
houses, and 1,600 mosques, and travellers are
of opinion that the latter number is not exag
gerated. It was taken by Arungzebe in 1689,
when, it is said, 15,000 cavalry could' encamp
between the fort and the city wall. The fort-
is protected by high walls, with massive tow
ers, and is surrounded by a ditch. It has 7
gates, and contains several cannon of enor
mous dimensions, particularly one called the
sovereign of the plains.
Bejapour, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 65 E. Bur-
hampour. Bejar, or Bejas, X. Spain, in Estramadura, the
capital of a duchy, situated in a fertile valley,
surrounded with mountains, which are always

BEI

166

BEK

covered with snow ; 10 N. Coria. Pop. 4,800,
It has two medicinal springs, one hot, the
other cold, used for drinking and bathing, and
much celebrated for their virtues.
Bejaren, small isl. in E. Indian Sea; 30 N.
from Gilolo. Lon. 125. 10. E. Lat. 1. 57. N.
Beichlingen, citadel, Pru. Saxony, in Merse
burg ; 6 SW. Wiehe, 18 N. Weimar.
Beicheru, X. Hind., in North Canara. Lon. 74.
13. E. Lat. 13. 49. N. It contains about 150
bouses. Beidelspach, see Beutelspach.
Beihagur, t. Guzerat ; 20 NE. Damaun.
Bejetzk, or Beshezh, X. Russia, in Twer, capi
tal of a circle of the same name ; 48 NNE.
Twer. Pop. 3,100.
Beilan, see Baylan.
Bejighur, X. Hind., in Agra ; 70 SW. Agra.
Bejiporum, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 75 W. by N.
Vizagapatam. Beilip, t. Walachia ; 5 NW. Rassovat.
Beiilanne, X. France, in Lower- Alps ; 7 SW.
Forcalquier. Beilngries, X. Bav., circle of the Regen, at the
eonflux of the Altmuhl and the Soulz; 15 N.
Ingoldstadt, 16 NE. Aichstadt. Lon. 11. 27. E.
Lat. 48. 58. N. Pop. 1,075.
Beilore, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 6 S. Bednore.
' Beilsinagur, X. Bongal ; 28 SE. Doesa.
Beilstein, X. Nassau, capital of a lordship ; 5
S. Dillenburg. Pop. 500.
Beilstein, X. Pru., Lower-Rhine, in Coblentz ;
12 NW. Wetzlar, 36 ENE. Coblentz. Lon. 8.
11. E. Lat. 50. 31. N.
Beilstein, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine, in Coblentz ;
22 SW. Coblentz. Lon. 7. 8. E. Lat. 50. 8. N.
Pop. 245.
, Beilstein, t. Wurtemberg, which formerly had
counts of its own ; 14 N. Stuttgart. Lon. 9. 25.
E. Lat. 49. 3. N. Pop. 1,226.
Beilul, X. Abyssinia, on the coast of the Red
Sea. Lon. 42. E. Lat. 14. N.
Beinac, X. France, in Correze ; 8 S. Tulle.
Beinerstadt, t. Prussia; 5 SW. Schleusingen.
Beinheim, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 10
NE.Haguenau, 20 NNE. Strasburg. Pop. 1,047.
Beinsang, t. Bavaria; 3 NW. Arnstein.
Beira, pr. Portugal, the third in rank, and the
first in size,. being nearly 90 miles square. It is
divided into six jurisdictions, called Comarcas ;
bounded N. by Tra-los-Montes, and Entre-
Duero-e-Minho, E. by Spanish Estramadura, S.
by Portuguese Estramadura, and W. by the At
lantic. The land is exceedingly fertile in corn
and fruit. The principal cities and towns are
Co'fmbra, Lamego, Guarda, Idanha, Aveiro,
Ovar, Buarcos, Castel-Rodrigo, Castle-Branco,
and Viscu ; the three former are episcopal
cities. The militia of this province compose 8
regiments of 1,000 men each. Sq. m. 11,000.
Pop. in 1810, 880,602. H. 223,793.
Beiragur,X. Hind., Orissa; 14 WNW. Boad.
Beirut, see Bairout.
Beishehri, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 116
SE. Kiutajah. Lon. 32. 13. E. Lat. 37. 46. N.
Beissons, X. Tunis, where ancient Roman in
scriptions have been found ; 1 S. Tubersoke.
Beissus, X. Egypt ; 4 N. Cairo.
Beislin, t. Prussia ; 26 S. Konigsberg.
Beit, X. Persia, in Irak ; 15 E. Jesd.

Beit-Giala, see Boticelli.
Beit Sahur, i. e. the Village of Shepherds, v.
Palestine, near Bethlehem, said to be a place
where the shepherds lived, to whom the angels
brought the glad tidings of the birth of Christ.
Beit Abufarra, X. Arabia ; 24 NNE. Wadeij.
Beit el Adham, X. Arabia ; 40. W. Sana.
Beit el Fakih, city, Arabia in Yemen ; 30
ESE. Hodeida, 72 N. Mocha. Lon. 43. 12. E.
Lat. 14. 31. N. It is in a situation well adapt
ed for trade, being only half a day's journey
from the hills where the coffee is gathered, and
the best is brought there, which the merchants
send to Loheia, Hodeida, and Mocha, for ex
portation. This trade brings the merchants
from Egypt, Syria, Persia, and India. It is the
residence of a Dola, whose jurisdiction extends
over a cousiderable district.
Beit en Kadi, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 34 N.
Chamir. Beit el Naum, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 24 SE. Sana.
Beit Ibn Safan, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 28 SSE.
Saade. Beit Ibn Meri, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 38 N.
Chamir. Beit Rm Nasr, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 34 N.
Chamir. Beit Rodsje, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 24 SE." Sana.
Beit Ibn Shemshar, X. Arabia, in Yemen; 28
E. Abu-Arisch.
Beit il Toba, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 28 S.-Saada.
Beit el Weil, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 3 N. Denn.
Beith, X. Scot, in Ayr ; 7 SW. Paisley, 8N,
Irvine. Pop. of the town 2,560 ; of the parish
4,050. The manufacture of bleached and col
oured thread is carried on here to considerable
extent. Here is a quarry of fine marble.
Bejura, X. Bengal ; 32 NE. Rangamatty.
Bejwarah, X. Hind., Lahore ; 95 SE. Lahore.
Bekaa, fertile valley, Syria, between Liba-
nus, and Antilibanus.
Bekaner, X. Hind., and capital of Beta, near
the right bank of the Ganges ; 70 ESE. Delhh
75 NNE. Agra.
Bekenreid, X. Switz., Underwalden ; 4 NE.
Stantz. Bekes, co. Hungary, level, 'producing grain,
cattle, fish, game, water melons, Sic. Pop.
92,855. Sq. m. 1,386. Capital, Gyula.
Bekes, or Bekesch, X. Hungary, in the_ county
of the same name, on the Black Karosch. Lon.
18. 47. E. Lat. 46. 46. N. Pop. 6,800. It con
tains 3 parish churches, 1 Catholic, 1 Reform
ed, and 1 Greek.
Beki, r. Hungary, which runs into the Temes,
near Temesvar.
Bekar, circar, Hind., N. of the Dooab, on
each side of the Ganges. Bekaner is the chief
town. Bekia, Bekouya, or Bequia, one of the smaller
West-India islands, among the Grenadilles, call
ed by the French Little Martinico ; 60 NE.
Grenada, 99 WSW. Barbadoes. It has a safe
harbour, but no fresh water ; and is principally
visited by the inhabitants of Grenada and St,
Vincent's for the purpose of catching turtle.
The soil produces wild cotton-trees, and water
melons, in plenty.
Beking, X. France, in Moselle, on the Sarre ;
5 NNW. Sar-Louis.

BEL

167

BEL

Bekio, or Bequio, large isl. formed by the di
vided stream of the river Senegal, about 50
miles from its mouth.
Bekul, X. Hind., in Canara; 25 S. Mangalore.
Bela, t Hungary, in the county of Zips. Lon.
20. 18. E. Lat. 49. 11. N. Pop. 2,627.
Bela, see Bayla.
Belabre, X. France, in Indre ; 6 SE. Le Blanc
en Berry, 24 SW. Chateauroux. Lon. 1. 14. E.
Lat. 46. 33. N. Pop. 1,126.
Belad. Allah, pr. Africa, in Fungi ; E. Gherri.
Belad Arabi, t. Nubia, on the Nile ; 160 SSW.
Syene; Belah, X. Hind., in Agra ; 38 E. Etaweh.
Belah, t Bengal ; 15 S. Curruckpour.
Bel-Air, or Bellair, p-t. and cap. Harford co.
Md. ; 23 NNE. Baltimore, W. 68. It contains a
court-house, a jail, a printing office, and a
Methodist meeting-house.
Bclalcagar, or Bel Alczar, X. Spain, in Anda
lusia, on the frontiers of Estramadura ; 35
NNW, Cordova. Pop. 3,840.
Belalgur, X. Hind., Baglana ; 10 SE. Damaun.
Belamont, X. Natolia ; 16 N. Magnisa.
Belande, X. Hind., in Candeish. Lon. 74. 50.
E. Lat. 21. 6. N.
Belarno, t. Switzerland, in Tesin, in the baili
wick of Lugano; 4 NE. Lugano.
Belasi, t. Tyrolese ; 8 W. Bolzano.
Belasio, or Belaggio, X. Italy, on a projecting
point in lake Como ; 13 NNE. Como.
Belaspour, X. Hind., in Sirgooja; 28 NE.
Odeypour. Belaspour, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 33 N. Bareily.
Belawn, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 121. 57. E. Lat. 6. 5. N.
Belay, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 5. 45. S.
Belaye, X. France, in Lot, and district of Lau-
eerte ; 3 SE. Puy l'Evcque. Pop. 702.
Belba, t. Egypt, on the coast of the Mediter
ranean ; 18 E. Tineh.
Belban, t. Kurdistan ; 55 E. Erbil.
Belbeis, t. Egypt, on the Kalits abu Meneggi ;
35 NE. Cairo, 45 NW, Suez. Lon. 31. 50.~E.
Lat. 30. 15. N. Pop. about 5,000. D'Anville
supposes it to have been the ancient Pharbo-
thiis, some havesupposed it to be Bubastum. In
1798, it was fortified by Bonaparte, against the
Turks. Belbo, r. Italy, which rises about 2 E. Ceva,
and runs into the Tanaro, 6 SW. Alexandria.
Belbuch, X. Pomerania ; 1 NE. New Treptow.
Belcaire, X. France, in Aude ; 10 SW. Quil-
lan. Pop. 915.
Belcastro, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 10 NE.
St. Severina. Lon. 17. 3. E. Lat. 39. 5. N. Bp.
see. Pop. 2,225.
Belchers, cluster of islands in Hudson's bay.
Lon. 80. 33. W. Lat. 56. 10. N.
Belchertown, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 15
ESE. Northampton, 80 W. Boston, W. 400.
Pop. in 1810, 2,270 ; in 1820, 2,426.
Belchite, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 20 S. Saragossa.
Pop. 2,000.
Belcoss, X. Hind., on the Jumna ; 40 W. Alla
habad. Belcuchy, t. Bengal ; 54 NNW. Dacca, 125
NE. Calcutta.
Belez, see Belz.

Beldea, X. Hind., Bahar ; 17 SSE. Boglipour.
Beldek, t. Hungary ; 15 S. Zatmor.
Beldiran, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 28 S.
Cogni. Belebeev, X. Russia, in Upha, on the Dema ;
60 SW. Upha, 880 ESE. Petersburg. Lon. 54.
14. E. Lat. 54. N.
Beled, or Eski Mosul, i. e. Old Mosul, (an. Li-
bana,) t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 21 NNW.
Mosul. Beled el Haram, i. e. The Holy Landof Islam,
district, Arabia, on the Red Sea, 57 leagues
long, and 28 broad, esteemed in a degree sacred
by the Mahometans.
Beled Kerun, or Billet Caroon, heap of ruins
in Egypt, situated near the Birket il Kerun, or-
lake Mceris ; 26 W. Faioum. M. D'Anville sup
poses ancient Dionusius, or Banchis, stood here.
Dr. Pocock says, this no doubt is the spot of
the famous labyrinth, which Herodotus says was
built by the 12 kings of Egypt, when the gov
ernment was divided into 12 parts, as so many
palaces for them to meet in to transact affairs
of state and religion. The 12 palaces contain
ed in them 3,000 rooms, half of them under
ground, cut out of the rock, as those at Thebes.
Beled Mousa, see Arment.
Belekis, X. Sclavonia ; 10 NW. Belgrade.
Belem, X. Portugal, in Estramadura, on the
N. side of (he Tagus, with a considerable mon
astery, and a royal palace ; 3 W. Lisbon. In the
church many kings and princes of the blood
have been interred.
Belem, X. N. A. in New Navarre ; 180 NW.
Cinaloa. Belem, or Bellem, X. Han., in Osnabruck ; 3
E. Osnabruck.
Belem, fortress, Tyrolese, between Roveredo
and Trent.
Belem, X. New Mexico, in Hiaqui, on the
river Hiaqui ; 64 SW. Riochico.
Belem, r. Veragua, discovered by Columbus,
who wished to form a settlement on its banks.
Belem, see Para.
Belemptan, X. Grand Bukharia; 60 E. Ter
med. Belenger,X. Canada, on the right bank of the
St. Lawrence. Lon. 70. 16. W. Lat. 47. 6. N.
Belenges, X. Hungary, in Bikar. Lon. 22. 19,
E. Lat. 46. 40. N. Pop 5,000.
Belerium Promonlorium, now Land's End.
Beles, see Balis.
Belese, r. Persia, which runs into the Heer-
mund, in Segestan, 15 SW. Giarura.
Beleser, t. Palestine ; 14 N. Jerusalem.
Belesta, or Belestat, X. France, in Aude ;- 14
SW. Limoux, 10 W. Quilan. Pop. 216.
Belez, X. S. A. in New Grenada.
Belez, r. Spain, which runs into the Mediter
ranean, between Barcelona and Terragona
Belfast, s-p. and p-t. Hancock co. Maine;
12 NW. Castine, 224 NE. Boston, W. 658
Lon. 69. 1. W. Lat. 44. 25. N. Pop. in 1810
1,274 ; in 1820, 2,026. It is delighfully situated
on Belfast bay, at the mouth of a small river of
the same name, and at the NW. part of Penob
scot bay. It has a good harbour and «reat
maritime advantages, and is a flourishing town.
It has an academy and a printing office.
Belfast ,' t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop,. 1 196.

BEL

168

BEL

Bc.fnst, p-v. Laurens district, S. C. ; W: 559.
Betjust, royal borough and s-p. Ireland, in
Antrim, at the entrance of the river Lagan in
to Carrickfergus bay ; 50' ESE. Londonderry,
76 N. Dublin. Lon. 5. 46. E. Lat. 54. 35. N.
Pop. in 1758, 8,549; in 1782,13,105; in 179S,
18,320; and in 1821, including the suburbs,
35,084. H. 5,754. It is commodiously situated
foi'i trade, in a populous and well cultivated
country, is connected with Lough Neagh by a
canal, and is the principal seaport in the north
of Ireland. The bay is a spacions estuary ; and
has safe anchorage. Vessels drawing 13 feet of
water can approach the wharfs at full tide. It
is well built, chiefly of brick; the streets broad,
straight, well paved, and lighted. It contains
13 houses of public worship, of which 4 are for
Presbyterians, 2 for Episcopalians, 2 for Catho
lics, and 2 for Methodists; 2 hospitals; the Bel
fast Incorporate Charitable Society; an ex
change, a linen hall, insurance offices, banks,
a seminaiy styled New College, &c. Belonging
to the port are 58 vessels, carrying 8,335 tons.
The principal exports are linen, butter, beef,
pork and oatmeal : — total value, in 1810,
£2,904,520. The manufactures consist chiefly
of linens and cottons ; the former employing
723 looms. It sends one member to parliament.
Belford, p-v. Nash co, N. C; W. 259.
Belford, t. Eng. in the road from London to
Edinburgh ; it has a weekly market on Tues
days ; 15 S. Berwick, 15 N. Alnwick, 319 N.
London, Pop. 931.
Belferl, t. France, in Upper-Rhine; 33 SSW.
Colmar. Pop. 4,400.
Belforle,X Italy, Parma; 19 SSW. Parma.
Belforte, X. Popedom, in Ancono ; 10 NE. Ca-
merina. Lon. 13.20. E. Lat. 43. 7. N.
Belgar, X. Hind, in Allahabad ; 13 NE. Raat.
Belgard, X. Pru. Pemerania, in Coslin, on the
Persante, and noted for its market for horses ;
38 NW. New Stettin, 40 E. Cammin. Lon. 15.
50. E. Lat. 53. 59. N. Pop. 2,139.
Belgaum, X. Hind, in the Northern Circars;
36 W. by N. Cicacole.
Belgentier, X. France, in Var ; 8 N. Toulon.
Belger, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 15 S.
Erekli. Belgern, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg, on the
Elbe ; 24 NW. Meissen, 36 NW. Dresden. Lon.
13, 8. E. Lat. 51. 28. N. Pop. 2,800.
Belgia Australia, see Falkland's Island.
Belgica,now NE. part of France.'
Belginum, now Baldenau.
Belgiaisa, X. Italy ; 6 E. Pavia.
Belgium, district, Gaul ; nowa part of Somme,
Oise, and Straits-of-Calais. The chief city was
of the same name.
Belgium, name given by the French to the
Nertherlands after the revolution, and formally
decreed to be a part of France, in the month of
September 1795; and with the bishopric of
Liege, divided into nine departments, the capi
tals of which were, Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels,
Ghent, Liege, Luxemburg, Maestricht, Mons,
and Namur. In 1815 this country was united
with the Seven United Provinces to form the
kingdom of Nertherlands.
Belgotta, t. Bengal ; 12 E. Calcutta.
Belgrad, now Zara Veehia.

Belgrade, t. Kennfebeck co. Maine ; 13 NNW.
Angusta, 172 ENE. Boston. Pop. in 1810,
481 ; in 1820, 1,121.
Belgrade, (an. Singidunum and Abba Greco-
rum,) famous town and fortress, Eu. Turkey,
capital of Servia, near the conflux of the Save
and Danube; 150 SSE. Buda, 440 NW. Con
stantinople. Lon. 20. 10. E. Lat. 44. 50. N.
, Pop. in 1789, stated at 25,000; in 1817, 16,000;
mostly Turks. It consists of 4 parts ; 1st, the
fortress, standing on a steep eminence, in the
centre of the whole, commanding the Danube,
and inclosed with high walls, strong towers,
and a tripple ditph ; 2d, the water-side division,
lying on the north side, near the junction of the
two rivers. This is the best built part, and is
surrounded by walls and ditches ; 3d, the Ras-
cian town, towards the west; and, 4th, the Pa-
lanka, which encircles the fortress on.thc south
and east. The town contains a caravansery,
2 bazars, and 14 mosques. It is advantageously
situated for commerce. But its importance as
a fortress, and as the key of Hungary, has ren
dered it an object of fierce contention between
the Austrians and Turks.
Belgrade, see Beligrad.
Belgrade, t. and fortress, Italy, in the Friuli;
18 S. Udina, 27 NE. Trevigio.
Belgram, X. Hind, in Oude, 48 NW. Luck
now. Lon. 80. 26. E. Lat. 27. 10. N.
Belhary, t. Bengal ; 10 SE. Curruckpour.
Belharee,X. Hind, in the Goodwana country;
130 SW. Allahabad. Lon. 80. 86. E. Lat: -23.
45. N. It is defended by an ancient fort. ¦.'
Belhomer, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 12
W. Chartres.
Belian, r. Grand Bukharia, which runs into
the Harrat, 60 WSW. Badashkan.
Beliara, X. Hind, in Bahar ; 66 SSW. Patna.
Belicena, X. Spain, in Grenada ; 30 miles from
Grenada. Belice, (an. Hypsa,) r. Sicily, which runs into
the sea, on S. coast. Lon.l2.56.E. Lat.37.35.N.
Belich, or Belike, t. Pru. in Arensberg, West
phalia ; 12 ENE. Arensberg, 13 NW. Brilon.
Lon. 8. 27. E. Lat. 51. 30. N.
Beliene,X. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile,
where there are the remains of an ancient brick
wall of great strength; 12 S. Girge.
Beligrad, or Belgrade, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bo-
mania ; 15 N. Trajanopoli.
Belin, (an. Belini,) X. France, in Gironde;
24 SSW. Bourdeaux.
Belina, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia; 50 NE.
Bosna Serai.
Belinas, t. Syria, on the coast of the Medi
terranean ; 25 S. Latakia.
Belin 's Ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.; W. 144.
Belior, see Pollior.
Belitz, Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam, on the
river Niephlitz, or Belitz ; defended with old
ramparts and ditches ; here is a manufacture of
cloth. 12 SW. Potsdam, 28 SW. Berlin. Lon.
12. 52. E. Lat. 52. 16. N. Pop. 1,761.
Belitz, X. Prussia ; 15 N. Strasburg.
Belize, see Balize.
Belk, one of the Serangani isles, in the Eas
tern seas ; 12 miles from Magindanao.
Belkani, t. Natolia ; 14 N. Satalia.
BelkarrayX. Hind., Bahar; 40 SSW. Patna.

BEL

169

BEL

Belki, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 21 S. Barawny.
Belkin, X. Egypt ; UN. Mehalle Kebir; 20
SE. Faoua.
Belkova, r. Russia, in the government of
Archangel, which runs into the Frozen Sea,
Lon. 58. 34. E. Lat. 68. 30. N.
Bell Harbour, cove, on W. coast of Spitzber-
gen, where, in 1630, eight sailors remained dur
ing the winter, suffering great hardships.
Bell's Island, isl. about 6 miles in length, sit
uated in an inlet of the N' Pacific Ocean, on
W. coast of N. America, N. of Revilla Gigedo.
Lon. 228. 40. E. Lat. 55. 54. N.
Bell Island River, r. New Brunswick, which
runs into the St. John, Lon. 66. W. Lat. 45. 38. N.
Bell Brook, p-v. Green co. Ohio.
Bell Rock, or Scape, rock, Scot., in the Ger
man Ocean; 11 SW. Redhead, 30 NNE. St.
Abb's Head. Lon. 2. 22. W. Lat. 56. 29. N.
This is a dangerous rock, near the mouth of the
Tay. A lighthouse has been erected on it ; fin
ished in 1811; 115 feet high.
Bellac, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Upper-Vienne, on the Vincon ; 15
N St. Junien, 20 NNW. Limoges. Lon. 1. 7.
E. Lat. 46. 7. N. Pop. 3,901. It owes its name
to a castle, built in the 10th century.
Belladac, t. Diarbekir ; 45 W. Rabba.
Bellach, v. Switz., in Soleure, known to the
Romans under the name of Bella Aqua ; 20
SW. Soleure.
Bellali, t Hind., in Oude ; 20 SSW. Canoge.
Bellair, p-v. Lancaster district, S. C. ; W. 471.
Bellair, see Bel-Air.
Bellamy Bank River, r. N. H. which rises in
Barrington, and flows into the Piscataqua, in S.
part of Dover.
Bellamy, small isl. in the Atlantic near the
coast of S. C. Lon. 78. 35. W. Lat. 33. 50". N.
Bellano, X. Italy ; 12 NNW. Lecco.
Bellapaharry, X. Bengal ; 36 SSE. Jauldoe.
Bellary, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 180 N. Seringa
patam. The London Missionary Society had
here in 1817,3 missionaries, who had establish
ed 11 schools, containing 553 scholars.
Bellas, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 8 NW.
Lisbon. Pop. 1,245.
Bellaspour, t. Hind., in Delhi. Lon. 76. 21. E.
Lat. 31. 35. N. The streets roughly paved, and
the town well built, and exhibits considerable
regularity. Belle Alliance, (La,) a farm, 5 N. Waterloo,
in Brabant, near which the battle of Waterloo
was fought.
Belle Bayy on S. coast of Newfoundland, N.
of Fortune Bay.
Belle-Fontaine, v. and military post, Missouri,
on S. side of the Missouri, 4 miles above its
mouth ; 16 N. St. Louis. Lon. 90. 3. W. Lat
38. 50. N. Here is a palisade work and bar
racks, sufficient to accommodate 300 men.
Belle Isle, or Belleisle-en-Mer, (an. Vindilis,)
isl. in the bay of Biscay, near W. coast of
France, about 9 miles long, and from 2 to 4
broad, surrounded by sharp rocks, which leave
only 3 fortified passages to reach the island.
The soil is diverse, rocky, salt marshes, and
fertile grounds. Palais is the capital ; it con
tains 3 other small towns, and about 20 villages.
Lon. 3. 5. Lat. 47. 17. N. Pop. 5,569.
Vol. I. 22

Belle Isle, small isl. France, in the Loire, in
Mayenne ; 2 W. St. Mathurin.
•„, Belle Isle, or Bellisle, isl. NE. of the gulf of St
Lawrence, about 21 miles in circuit, and onNW.
side has a small harbour, fit for small craft, called
Lark Harbour, within a little island that lies close
to the shore ; and at the E. point it has another
small harbour orcove,that willonly admit fishing
shallops ; from whence it is about 16 miles to
the coast of Labrador. The narrow channel
between Newfoundland and the coast of Labra
dor, is called the Straits of Bellisle ; 15 N.New
foundland. Lon. 55. 15. W. Lat. 52. N.
Belle Isle, isl. near E. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 55. 25. W. Lat. 50. 50. N.
Belle Isle en Terre, X. France, in North Coast,
on an island in the'Guer; 9 W. Guingamp.
Pop. 812.
Belle Isle, isl. Ireland, in Lough Erne, in the
county of Fermanagh ; 6 SE. Enniskillen.
Belle Pleine, valley, Piedmont, in the Alps,
partly in the county of Nice, partly in the co.
of Tenda, a few miles NW. Saorgio.
Belle River, r. Canada, which runs into lake
St. Clair, Lon. 82. 26. W. Lat. 42. 43. N.
Bellehasse, t. Canada, on the right bank of
the St. Lawrence. Lon. 70. 40. W. Lat. 46.
54. N.
Bellefonte, bor. and cap. Centre co. Pa. ; 3
miles from Milesburg, 238 WNW. Philadelphia
W. 189. Fop. 433. It has an elevated situa
tion at the head of boat navigation on Spring
Creek. It is regularly laid out and contains a
bank, an academy, the county buildings, Sic,
and is situated in a fertile countiy.
Bellegarde, fortress and v. France, in East-
tern Pyrenees, on the borders of Spain ; 4 SE.
Ceret, 15 S. Perpignan. Pop. 130. In August
1794, the Spaniards, under the command of
the Count de l'Union, were defeated near this
town by the French, with the loss of 2,500 men
killed, a great many wounded and taken pri
soners. Bellegarde, t. France, in Loiret ; 3 SE. Bois-
Commun. Bellegarde, t. France, in Creuse ; 6 E. Au-
busson, 12 SSW. Evaux. Pop. 1,687.
Bellegarde, X. France, in Gard ; 6 SE. Nismes.
Ballely, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 10 SSE.
Porentrui. The cheese made in th' environs is
in great esteem.
Bellem, cape, Spain; on coast Galicia, be
tween Cape Finisterre and Coi'L i.
Bellem, see Belem.
Bellen, t. Switz., in Schweitz; 9 NE. Zug.
Bellenave,X. France, in Allier; 7 SE. Mont-
marault, 9 NW. Gannat Pop. 1,900.
Bellencombre, t. France, in Lower-Seinne ;
9 W. Neufchatel, 15 SSE. Dieppe.
Bellereati, X. France, in MeUrte ; 6 SE. Pont-
a-Mousson, 7 N. Nancy.
Bellesme, X. France and principal place of a
district, in Orne; 9 S. Mortagne, 18 ESE.
Alencon. Pop. 2,500.
Bellesta, or Bellestat, t. France, in Arriege;
10 S. Mirepoix. Pop. 1,682.
Bellevesvre, X. France, in SaOne-and-Loire ;
13 NNE. Louhans, 18 E. Chalons sur Sa6ne.
Belleville; parish, Newbury, Mass.; 1 mile
from Newburyport,

BEL

11Q

BEL

Belleville, p-t, Essex co. N. J., on the Passaic,
5. N. Newark. W. 227. It is a very pleasant vil
lage, and contains 3 houses of public worship,
1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, and
1 for Methodists.
Belleville, p-t. Wood co. Va. ; on E. bank of
the Ohio, 5 miles below the mouth of the Hock-
hocking, W. 336.
Belleville, X. Logan co. Ohio.
Belleville, p-t. and capital, St. Clair co. Illi
nois, 18 miles from the Mississippi ; 15 E. Ca-
hokia, 50 N. Kaskaskia, W. 942. It is surround
ed by a rich countiy, which is rapidly increas
ing in population.
Belleville, p-v. Mifflin co. Pa. ; W. 139.
Belleville, X. France, in Seine, 3 NE. Paris.
Pop. 2,900.
Belleville, X. France, in Rhfine ; 7 N. Ville-
franche, 26 E. Roanne. Pop. 2,039.
Belleville, t France, in Vendee; 3 N. La
Roche sur Yon, 12 S. Montaigu.
Bellevue, or Belleview, X. Washington co.
Missouri ; 13 Herculaneum. It contains about
60 families.
Belley, X France, and principal place of a
district, in Ain ; 33 SE. Bourg en Bresse, 36 E.
Lyons. Lon. 5. 46. E. Lat 55. 45. N. Pop.
8,729. Before the revolution the capital of
Bugey, and see of a bishop ; situated between
mountains, about 2 miles from the Rhdne.
Belleyas,X. Bengal ; 14 S. Boglipour.
Bellfield, X. Greensville co. Va., on the Me-
herrin, opposite Hicksford; 45 S. Petersburg.
Bellhiem, X. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine, and
district of Spire. Pop. 1,442.
Belli, t. Africa, Calbari ; 10 NW. Calbari.
Belliali, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 6 NE. Monghir.
Lon. 86. 29. E. Lat. 25. 25. N.
Bellie, parish, Scot, in Banfshire, and Moray
shire, on the Spey, near its mouth ; 244. N. Edin
burgh. Pop. 1,900.
Bellin, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 18 NNW. Custrin.
Bellingen, X. Switz,, Berne ; 2 N. Berne.
Bellingen, X. Pru. Brandenburg, famous for its
turnips ; 6 S. Stendal.
Bellingenbach, c. Baden, which runs into the
Necker, at Neckar's Gemund.
Betlingerwarder Zyls, fortress, Groningen ; 7
E. Winscoten.
Bellingham,X. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 26 SW. Bos
ton. Pop. in 1810, 776; in 1820, 1,034.
Bellingham, X. Eng., in Northumberand, with
two markets weekly, on Tuesday and Satur
day; 14 N. Hexham, 303 N. London. Pop. 337.
Bellingham's Bay, bay on W. coast of N. A.
within the gulf of Georgia, situated behind a
cluster of islands, from which a number of
channels lead into it. Its greatest extent from
N. to S. is about 12 miles. It every where af
fords good and secure anchorage : opposite to
its N. point of entrance the shores are high and
rocky, with some detached rocks lying off it ;
here is found a brook of most excellent water.
Lon. of E. extremity 237. 50. E. Lat. 48. 36. to
48. 48. N.
Bellinghausen, t. Bav. ; 2 S. Lauringen.
Bellinzona, district, in the south of Switz.,
on E. bank of the Tesino. Sq. m. 530. Pop.
46,000. The wealth of the country consists in
its pastures and cattle. In 1801, this district

together with other Italian districts were form
ed into the Canton of Tesino.
Bellinzona, or Bellentz, t. Switz., capital of
a district of the same name ; 25 NNW. Como,
40 S. Znrich. Lon. 8. 44. E. , Lat. 46. 4. N.
Pop. 1,200. It is fortified, well built, and con
tains a gymnasium, a collegiate ch. Si 2 convents.
Bellipdhary, see Bellapahary.
Bellisle, see Belle Isle.
Bellou, or Bellon, X. France, in Orne ; 8 NE.
Domfront. Pop. 3,600.
Bella, X. Naples, in Basilicata ; 2 SSE. Muro.
Bellovar, X. Austria, in Croatia ; 18 S Car-
proneza. Pop. 847.
Bellombra, X. Italy ; 10 SE. Rovigo.
Bellows Falls, or Great Falls, on the Connec
ticut, in Walpole, N. H., and opposite to Rock
ingham, Vt. The river is here very much
compressed between steep ledges of rocks, and
for nearly a quarter of a mile, it is hurried on
with great rapidity and loud roaring. The wa
ter does not in any place fall perpendicularly for
any great distance, and the falls are rather grand
and violent rapids than a cataract. The de
scent in the course of £ mile, is 42 feet. There
is a bridge here across the river, and a canal £
a mile long, with 9 locks, is constructed around
the falls on W. side.
Bellows Falls, p-v. in the township of Rock
ingham, Vt. opposite the falls ; 5 NW. Walpole,
26 S. Windsor, W. 452. It is a flourishing vil
lage, and contains an Episcopal ch., a printing
office, a paper mill, an oil mill, and other mills.
Bellows Rocks, in the Atlantic, near W. coast
of Ireland, and county of Galway. Lon. 10. 4.
W. Lat. 53. 19. N.
Bell's Sound, or Green Harbour, on the coast
of Greenland. Lat. 65. N.
Belluah, X. Hind., Bengal ; 10 N. Nattore.
Bellunese, small countiy, Italy, now forming
a part of the Austrian delegation of Belluno.
Pop. 47,500. This country produces plenty of -
corn, wine, and all sorts of fruit; and the fer
tile pastures contribute much to the breeding
of numerous cattle, which afford butter and
cheese in abundance. The principal resources
of this countiy, however, consist in large
woods, from whence the timber is floated down
the Piava into the lagunes of Venice. Iron,
lead, vitriol, and copper, are likewise found in
the mountains. — The delegation of Belluno
contains 1,456 sq. m. and 124,944 inn.
Belluno, (an. Bellounum,) X. Aust. Italy, gov
ernment of Venice, capital of the delegation of
the same name, on the Piava ; 43 N. Venice,
48 E. Trent. Lon. 12. 7. E. Lat. 46. 10. N.
Pop. 7,400. Bp. see. It has a suburb called
Campedeleo, and contains 14 churches, among
which a cathedral built after a model of
Sansovin ; 3 monasteries, 2 nunneries, several
hospitals, a seminary for ecclesiastics, various
good buildings, marble fountains, and a costly
aqueduct, conducted into the town from the
distance of a mile. The inhabitants carry on a
very profitable trade in wood and timber.
Bellya,X. Bengal; 8NW. Kishenagur.
Bellye, X. Hungaiy, in Baranya, at the con
flux of the Drave and the Danube. Pop. 2,500.
Belm, t. Hanover, in Osnabruck. Pop. 305.
Belthont, co. E. part of Ohio. Pop. in 1810,

BEL

171

BEL

11,097; in 1820, 20,329. Chief town, St. Clairs-
ville. Belmont, t. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 740.
Belmont, X. France, in Loire ; 14 NE. Roanne-
Pop. 2,440
Belmont, X. France, in Aveiron; 10 SSW. St.
Afrique, 26 E. Alby. Pop. 1,560.
Belmont, t. Portugal, Biera ; 10 S. Guarda.
Pop. 2,445.
Belmont, X. Syria, on the coast of the Medi
terranean ; 8. S. Tripoli.
Belmonte, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 1 1
WSW. Cosenza. Pop. 3,500.
Belmonte, X. Naples, in Lavora; 10 NE.
Ponte Corvo.
Balneda, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 4 N. Udina.
Belo Poulo, small isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago. Lon. 23. 31. E. Lat. 37. 3. N.
Belona, X. Italy, Verona ; 10 N. Guarda.
Belonwa, t. Hind., Oude ; 36. SE. Fyzabad.
Beloochistan, countiy, Asia, situated -on the
northwest of the peninsula of Hindoostan,
formerly belonging to Persia; now connected
with Cabulistan. It comprehends, in its most
extensive acceptation, all the space between
Lon. 58. 55. arid 67. 30. E. Lat. 24. 50. and 30.
40. N. It extends from the countiy of the Af
ghans on the north, to the Indian ocean, and
from the provinces of Laristan and Kerman on
the west to that of Sinde on the East. It con
tains 5 principal divisions ; Jhalwan and Sa-
rawan, with the district of Kelat; 2: Meiran and
Lus ; 3. Kohistan ; 4. the Desert ; 5. Cutch
Gundava with the district of Hurrund Dajel.
The soil, climate, and face of the countiy
are very various. There are mountains of
great height, covered with snow ; in the plains
the heat is very great in summer ; water is ge
nerally scarce : The rivers are the Pooralle,
Muktoo, Dast, Nughor, Sinroo, and Sudgee.
The desert of Beloochistan is 300 miles long,
and upwards of 200 broad, consisting of waves
of sand, extremely difficult to be traversed.
The minerals are gold, silver, lead, iron, cop
per, tin, rock salt, alum, saltpetre, and sulphur.
Productions, grain, cotton, Indigo, madder, and
assafoetida. The Belooches consist of 3 tribes,
Nhorooes, Rhinds, and Mugshees ; in their do
mestic life chiefly pastoral, and of the Mahom
etan religion. Hindoos reside throughout the
countiy. Kelat is the capital.
Belorado, X. Spain, Old Castile , 20 E. Burgos.
Belore.X. Hind., Dowlatabad, on the Godave-
ry ; 35 E. Nander.
Beloss, t. Hind.; 42 W. Allahabad.
Belota, X. Italy, Bergamo ; 8 ESE. Bergamo.
Belouda,X. Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 10 E. Rut
tunpour. Belour, t. Hind., in Agra ; 56 W. Lucknow.
Beloury, t. Bengal ; 30 N. Purneah.
Below, or Belan, r. Eng., which runs into the
Eden, 2N. Kirkby-Stephen.
Belpberg, X. Switz., Berne ; 3 S. Friburg.
Belpech, t. France, Aude ; 7 NW. Mirepoix,
10 SW Castelnaudary. Lon. 1. 50. E. Lat. 43.
12 N. Pop. 2,072.
Belper, X. Eng., in Derbyshire ; 8 miles from
Derby. Pop. 5,278.
Belpre, p-t. Washington co. Ohio, on the
Ohio; 14 SW. Marietta, W. 319. Pop. 1,151.
It is a pleasant town.

Belpuch, t. Spain, Catalonia ; 15 ESE. Leina.
Pop. 1,200. Here is a famous convent of
Cordeliers, founded by Raymond of Cardona.
Belriguardo, X. Italy, Milan, on a navigable
canal ; 7 NW. Pavia, 14 SSW. Milan.
Belriguardo, X. Italy, built on the spot where
the ancient Elis is said to have stood, on a
branch of the Po ; 8 SE. Ferrara.
Belrieth, t. Ger., Meiningen ; 4 E. Meiningen.
Belsar, X. Hind., Bahar ; 48 SW. Patna.
Belse, t. on SE. coast of Timor. Lon. 125 .
24. E. Lat. 8. 27. S.
Belsito, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 6 S.
Cosenza. Belstein,X. Ger., in Hesse ; 8 NNW. Erbach.
Belsund, X. Hind., Bahar ; 50 N. Patna. Lon.
87. 37. E. Lat. 26. 25. N.
Belt, (Great,) narrow strait of the sea, which
forms a communication between the Schager
Rack, or Cattegat Sea, and the Baltic ; be
tween the islands of Zealand and Funen. Its
greatest breadth is about 20 miles ; its depth
from 5 to 20 fathoms.
Belt, (Little,) narrow strait which forms a
communication between the Cattegat and the
Baltic ; and separates the island of Funen from
Jutland. Its breadth at Fredericia, where the
tolls are levied, is only J mile. >
Bella, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 28. 40. N.
Beltangady, t. Hind., Mysore; 40 SW. Sac-
rapatam. Beltrana, r. Naples, which runs into the Gulf
ofSquillace, Lon. 16.45. E. Lat. 28.41. N.
Bellstadt, X. Bav. ; 5 NNW. Eltman.
Bellurbet, t. Ireland, in Cavan, on the Erne ;
8 NNW. Cavan. Here are some barracks.
Beltz,X. Croatia; 12 SSW. Varasdin.
Belvedere, (an. Elis,) t. Eu. Turkey, in the
Morea, and capital of a country to which it
gives name ; 36 S. Patras,65 W. Corinth. Lon.
21. 30. E. Lat. 37. 59. N. It receives its name
from its fine situation and prospect ; poorly
built, in a pleasant and fertile district, noted for
its raisins.
Belvedere, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 5 E. Ta-
rento. Belvedere, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 15
SE. Scalea.
Belvedere, X. Italy, Parma ; 17 S. Parma.
Belvedere Shoal, shoal in the E. Indian Sea,
about 24 N. Banca: Lon. 107. E. Lat 2. 12. S.
Belver, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 12. E.
Abrantes. Belvez, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Dordogne; 10 SW. Sarlat, 27 SSE.
Perigueux. Lon. 1. 5. E. Lat. 44. 46. N. Pop.
1,998. Belugura, X. Hind., in Mysore. Lon. 76. 18.
E. Lat. 13. 27. N. It contains about 200
houses. Belvidere, X. Franklin co. Vt. ; 40 N. Montpel
ier. Pop. 198.
Belvidere, p-t. Sussex co. N. J., on the De
laware, at the mouth of Pequest river; 11NNE.
Easton, W. 208. It is a handsome village, and
has valuable- mills.
Belvis, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 20 N. Pla-
centia. Belum, s-p. Hanover, in Bremen, near the

BEN

172

BEN

mouth of the Oste ; 4 E. Otterndorf. Lon. 9. 4.
E. Lat. 53. 49. N. Pop. 848.
Belvoir, X. France, Doubs ; 24 E. Besancon.
Belur, X. Grand Bukharia, and capital of a
district; 100 E. Badashkan. Lon. 71. E. Lat.
37. N.
Belur Tagley, or Mountain of Darkness, (an.
Imaus,) mt. Asia, which forms E. boundary of
Little Bukharia, E. of Belur.
Belus, now Kardanah.
Belz, or Belez, X. Austrian Galicia, in Zolkien,
formerly capital of a palatinate, not far from
the Bug; 148 E. Cracow, 152 SSE. Warsaw.
Lon. 24. 12. E. Lat. 50. 24. N. Fop. 2,400.
The town is large, but not rich or commercial,
and is situated in the middle of a plain, at the
extremity of which is a bog.
Belzica, X. Poland, in Lublin ; 14 SSW
Lublin. Bclzig, t. Pru. in Potsdam on the Welse ; 21
N. Wittenberg, 30 E. Magdeburg. Lon. 12. 29.
E. Lat. 52. 8. N. Pop. 1,770.
Belzin, t. Walachia ; 12 SW. Krajova.
Bemaveram, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 28
NW. Bomrauzepollam.
Bembarogue, r. Africa, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lat. 16. 20. S. In the first part of its
course it is called Cuneni.
Bembea, country, Africa, SE. of Angola, to
which it is supposed to be united.
Bemberande, X. on S. coast of Ceylon ; 5
SW Dicksvel.
Bembibre,X. Spain, Leon; 18 NW. Astorga.
Bemelt, X. Neth., Luxemburg, on E. side the
Moselle ; 2NE. Gravenmacheren.
Beminis, one of the small Bahama islands.
Lon. 81. W. Lat. 25. 28. N.
Beminster, see Beaminsier.
Bemnasir, t. Persia, Kerman ; 140 SE. Sirgian.
Bemposta, t. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montes, on
the Duero ; 15 SW. Miranda.
Bemposta, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 16 NE. Bra-
gantja Nova.
Bemposta, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 20 NE- Cas
te] Branca.
Bena, km. Africa, near the source of the river
Sierra Leona, and S. Mandinga, with a capital
of the same name. Lon. 9. W. Lat. 9. 40. N.
Benabari, see Benavari.
Benac, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 7 NNE.
Redon, 25 S. Rennes.
Benaco, late dep. Italy, formed of a part of
the Bressan, and a part of the Veronese.
Benacus, now Lake Garda.
Benaist, Benais, or Benest, X. France, in
Maine-and-Loire, on the Loire ; 9 ENE. Sau-
mur. H. 310.
Benalhasser, X. Egypt, on the right side of the
Nile. Here are found great marks of an ancient
city, supposed by Dr. Pococke to be Bubastes.
Benamenil, X. France, in Meurte ; 6 W. Bla-
mont, 7 E. Luneville.
Benar, t. Africa, in Guinea, at the mouth of
the Nuez Tristao. Lat. 9. 42. N.
Benares, pr. Hind., bounded N. by Jionpour,
E. by Bahar, S. by Chunar, W. by Allahabad ;
about 70 miles in length, and 25 in breadth.
This countiy was ceded to the English in 1775,
and produces a revenue of about £400,000 a
year. The soil is generally fertile, producing

grain of all kinds, sugar, indigo, and opium, and
the country is very populous.
Benares, (ancient Indian name Cashy, or Ba-
ranasi,) city, Hind., and capital of a province of
the same name ; 120 W. Patna, 435 NW. Cal
cutta. Lon. 83. 16. E. Lat. 25. 22. N. Pop. in
1803, by enumeration, 582,000 ; about l-10th
Mahometans. Stone and brick houses, from 1
to 6 stories, upwards of 12,000 ; mud houses
upwards of 16,000. It is the greatest seat or
university of Hindoo learning, and has 8,000
houses occupied by Bramins ; and during the
religious festivals the concourse of people is
immense. It is esteemed a holy city by the
Hindoos, who conceive that a person dying
here is certain of paradise, a notion which tends
to increase its population.
It carries on an extensive trade with all parts
of India, and is the principal mart of the dia
monds found in the mines of Bundelcund. The
manufactures are of gold, siver lace, silks, and
brocades. The banks of the river are entirely
lined with stone, formed into flights of steps,
and adorned by numerous temples, in the midst
of which rises the superb mosque, built by the
emperor Aurungzebe. Benares is the residence
of a British court. The Rajah's palace is at
Ramnaghur, on the opposite side of the river.
The Church and Baptist missionary societies
have missionaries here. The Church Missionary
society has a printing establishment, and the
superintendence of a school endowed by a na
tive Hindoo with £11,000, containing, in 1819,
121 scholars.
Benaru, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 108 SSE.
Schiras. Benarville, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 15
NE. Montevilliers.
Benasa, X. Thibet; 17 N. Serinagur.
Benasal, X. Spain, in Valencia ; 27 W. Penis-
cola, 56 N. Valencia. Lon. 0. 13. W. Lat. 40;
21. N.
Benasca, see Venasca.
Benasco, X. Piedmont; 5 SW. Turin.
Benassais, t. France, in Vienne ; 10 W. Poi
tiers. H. 280.
Benatha, small island, at the entrance of the
Persian Gulf from the Arabian Sea. Lon. 56,
33. E. Lat. 26. 20. N.
Benalek, or Benatki, X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw,
on the Isser; 8 SSW. Jung Buntzel, 22 NE.
Prague. Lon. 14. 56. E. Lat. 50. 15. N. The
celebrated Tycho Brahe died here in 1601.
Benavari, or Benabari, X. Spain, in Aragon,
on the borders of Catalonia ; 18 ENE. Balbas
tro. Pop. 2,000.
Benavente, X. Spain, in Leon, on the Esta; 20
N. Zamora, 36 S. Leon. It contains 7 parishes;
6 convents, and 2 hospitals. Pop. about 4,000.
Benavente, X. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the
river Sora, near its union with the Tagus ; 5 S.
Salvaterra. Pop. 2,136.
Beneveram, X. Hind., in Mysore; 58 NW. Se
ringapatam. Benacion, mt. Scot., Aberdeenshire, 3,920 feet
high. x
Benaw, X. Prussia ; 2 W. Liebmuhl.
Benbicula, one of the Western Islands of Scot
land, lying between North and South Uist, sep
arated from South Uist by a narrow channel,

BEN

173

BEN

which at low water is hardly 4 feet deep, and
sometimes quite dry. The soil and climate are
unfavourable to wood of almost all kinds, and
fruit seldom arrives at perfection, though culti
vated with the greatest care. The whole island
is about 10 miles in circumference, with a har
bour for small fishing vessels. It has several
fresh water lakes, well stored with fish and
fowl. Lon. 7. 18. W. Lat. 57. 26. N.
Ben-brwk, mt. Scot., Perth ; 12 NNW. Crieff.
Ben-bulben, mountains, Ireland, in the co. of
Sligo ; 7 N. Sligo.
Benburb, v. Ireland, in Tyrone ; 6 S. Dun-
gannon. Bencesti, X. Walachia ; 15 SE. Tergosyl.
Bench Island, small isl. in the Southern Ocean,
at S. extremity of Tavai Poenammoo, at the
entrance into South-East Bay.
Ben-Challim, mt. Scot, Perth ; 18 S. George
town. Bencoolen, or Benkahule, s-p. Sumatra, on
SW. coast. Lon. 102. 11. E. Lat. 3. 50. S. The
English settled here in the year 1685, and in
1690, the East India Company built a fort here,
calling it Fort York. A convenient river on its
NW. side brings the pepper out of the inland
countiy ; but there is great inconvenience in
shipping it, by reason of a dangerous bar at the
river's mouth. The place, which is almost two
miles in compass, is known at sea by a high
slender mountain, which rises in the countiy,
20 miles beyond it, called the Sugar-Loaf. It
is an inconsiderable place, inhabited by a mixed
population. The medium heat throughout the
year is from 81° to S2°.
The settlement latterly is of but little impor
tance. Pepper is the only produce of the adja
cent country ; which is mountainous and woody.
The air is full of malignant vapours, and the
mountains always covered with thick clouds,
which burst in storms of thunder, rain, &c
Bencoonat, t. on SW. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
104. 12. E. Lat. 5. 30. S.
Ben-Cowse, or Nic-Kowse, X. Algiers, in Con
stantina ; 23 SSE. Seteef, 63 SW. Constantina.
It is surrounded with a mud wall, and defended
by a garrison and 3 pieces of cannon. The in
habitants are chiefly Zwowiah, under the pro
tection of Seedy Lassan, their tutelar saint.
We have the traces here of a large city, with
the remains, as usual, of pillars, broken walls,
and cisterns ; but at present the Bencowsians
make themselves famous for the tombs, which
they pretend to show of the Seven Sleepers,
whom they strenuously maintain to have been
Mussulmen, and to have slept at this place.
Ben-Cronachan, one of the highest mountains
of Scot, in Argyleshire, near Loch Awe.
Bend, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 100 NE. Schiras.
Bend, see Batnir.
Bend Emir, (an. Araxes,) r. Persia, in Fars,
which runs into lake Baktegian, 30 SE. Baiza.
It is famous for its verdant and shady banks,
and is divided into numerous channels for ir
rigation. Bend Mahi, r. Kurdistan, which runs into lake
Van. Benda, see Banda.
Bendah, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 36 N. Cal-
linger.

Bendala, X. Africa, Bergoo ; 80 SSW. Wara.
Bendala, X. Africa, Bornou ; 150 E. Bornou.
Bendali, X. Persia, Kerman ; 140 S. Sirgian.
Bendallah, X. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 25 SW.
Aurungabad. Bendarmalanka, X. Hind., in Rajamundry ; 38
S. Rajamundry, 50 NE. Masulipatam.
Ben Deirg, mt. Scot., in Perth, 3,550 feet .
above the level of the sea ; 7 N. Blair Athol.
Bendelly, X. on S. coast of Ceylon. Lon. 81.
30. E. Lat. 6. 16. S.
Bender, or Tekin, or Tigine, X. Eu. Russia, in
Bessarabia, on the Dniester ; 100 W. Otchakov,
100 E. Jassy. Lon. 24. 46. E. Lat. 46. 51. N.
Pop. 10,000. It is strong, and regularly fortifi
ed, and contains 12 mosques ; the streets are
narrow and dirty. It is a place of considerable
trade, and is famous for a siege it underwent
in 1770, prior to which it is said to have con
tained 30,000 inhabitants.
Bender Abassi, see Gambron.
Bender Congo, see Kung.
Bender Delem, or Benderdillon, X. Persia, in
Farsistan, on N. coast of the Persian gulf;. 130
W. Schiras. Lon. 50. 12. E. Lat. 29, 55. N.
Bender Boshavir, see Busheer.
Bender Ibrahim, X. Persia, at the mouth of the
Ibrahim, in the Persian gulf; 12 S. Mina.
Bender Masur, X. Persia, in Chusistan, on the
Persian gulf; 90 E. Bassora.
Bender Rigk, X. Persia, in Kerman, on N. coast
of the Persian gulf; 35 N. Busheer, 85 WSW.
Schiras. Lon. 50. 50. E. Lat. 29. 18. N. H. 300.
It is surrounded by walls, and is governed by
an Arabian prince, who has other possessions
in the same province, which render him, in
some respects dependent on the throne of Per
sia. Bender Risher, or Rischahhr, fortress, Persia,
on N. coast of the gulf, in Farsistan ; in a state
of decay; 18 SE. Busheer. Lon. 51. 8. E. Lat.
29. 18. N.
Bender du Sur, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 160 S.
Sirgian. Bendo, X. Guinea, on W. coast. Lon. 11. 30.
W. Lat. 7. 25. N.
Ben-Doran, mt. Scot., in Argyle.
Bendorf, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine, in Coblentz,
on the Rhine, inhabited by Roman Catholics
and Lutherans; 5N. Coblentz. Pop. 1,550. In
1787 the Austrians were defeated by the French
near this town.
Bendrabad, X. Hind., in Mewat ; 30 NNW.
Agra. Bendschin, see Bennisch.
Ben Dubb, mt. Ireland, partly in King's co.,
and partly in Tipperary ; 16 W. Kilkenny.
Bene, X. Piedmont, defended by a castle ; 7
S. Cherasco, 28 S. Turin. Lon. 7. 53. E. Lat.
44. 35. N. Pop. 5,020. It contains 2 churches
and 3 convents.
Beneclesy, mt. Syria ; 10 W. Antioch. This
name, which signifies a thousand churches, was
given it, in all probability, from the great num
ber of churches built on it formerly.
Ben-Ermoid, mt. Scot., in Sutherland; 16 S.
Tongue. Benedetto, X. Italy, on the Po ; 9 SSE. Mantua.
Benedict, p-t. Charles co. Md., on W. side of
the Fatuxent ; 68 SW. Baltimore, W. 48.

BEN

174

BEN

Benefaea, t. Spain, in Valencia; 30 Valencia.
Beneharnum, ancient city,in S.part of France,
of which there are no remains. It gave name
to the late province of Beam.
Benekenstein, see Benneckstein.
Benematapa, see Mocaranga.
Beneschau, t. Aust. Silesia, in Troppau ; 8 E.
Troppau. Pop. 337. ,
Beneschau, X. Bohemia, in Beraun. Pop. 1,458.
Beneschaw, or Pensen,X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim,
where they manufacture the best paper in Bo
hemia; 18 SW. Kaurzim, 20 SSE. Prague.
Lon. 14. 42. E. Lat. 49. 49. N.
Beneschaw, t. Bohemia, in Beraun ; 7 SW.
Gratzen. H. 150.
Beneszow, or Bendschin, or Bensen, see Panzen.
Benet, X. France, in Vendee ; 10 SE. Fonte-
nay. Pop: 2,007.
Benevente, X. France, in Creuse ; 10 W. Gue-
ret, 10 NNW. Bourganeuf. Pop. 1,077.
Benevento, (an. Maleventum, afterwards Ben-
eventum,) city, Italy, capital of a small duchy
belonging to the States of the Church, but in
cluded in Principato Ultra, Naples ; 22 E. Capua,
30 NE. by E. Naples, 109 SE. Rome. Lon. 14.
38. E. Lat. 41.7. N. Pop. 13,8S2. Abp. see.
It is situated on the declivity, and at the point
of a hill, between two fertile narrow valleys,
in one of which runs the Sabato, and in the
other the Calore, which soon after unite into
one stream. It contains a cathedral, 8 churches,
and 14 convents, and was formerly more con
siderable than at present. No city in Italy,
except Rome, contains so many remains of
ancient sculpture as Benevento ; scarce a wall
is built by any thing, but fragments of altars,
tombs, columns, and entablatures ; a volume
might be filled with inscriptions collected here.
A triumphal arch, erected in honour of Trajan,
A. D. 114, is of splendid architecture, one of
the most perfect of the kind existing, and now
forms one of the gates of the city.
The duchy of Benevento, lying in the valley
of Beneventana, comprises, besides the town, 7
villages and hamlets, and produces excellent
fruits and wine ; also cattle and corn. Pop.
20,348. Sq. m. 170.
Ben-Even, mt. Scot, in Inverness ; 21 E.
Fort William.
Benfeld, or Benfelden, X. France, and princi
pal place of a district, in Lower-Rhine, on the
Hie ; 9 NNE. Schlettstat, 12 S. Strasburg. Lon.
7. 40. E. Lat. 48. 22 N. Pop. 1,220.
Benezi, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the
Euphrates ; 15 NW. Nausa.
Ben-Fiol, mt. Scot, in the island of Coll.
Bengal, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y., on NE. side of
Oneida lake ; W. 423. Pop. 450. It lies on W.
side of Rome.
Bengal, countiy, India, belonging to Great
Britain, and most easterly of Hindoostan, lying
on each side of the Ganges ; bounded N. by
Bootan, E. by Assam andMeckley, S. by the
bay of Bengal, and W. by Bahar and Orissa ;
extending from Lon. 86. to 92. 30. E., and from
Lat. 21. 30. to 26. 40. N. It is about 400 miles
long, and 300 broad. Sq. miles about 86,000.
Hamilton estimates the population of Bengal,
Bahar, and Benares at 29,000,000. Geographi
cal sq. m. 162,000. The presidency of Bengal

includes in addition, territories in Hindoostan
proper and Orissa, with a population estimated
atl0,000,000; total of the presidency 39,000,000.
Of this province it has been said that it is the
brightest jewel in the British crown. The rev
enues derived from it in 1811-12 amounted to
£2,590,000 sterling.
Bengal anciently formed a particular king
dom, and was sometimes divided into several.
It is one of the richest countries of India; the
climate is soft and temperate, and the land
is wonderfully fertilized by abundant and peri
odical rains, by which the rivers, and especially
the Ganges, overflow the country ; so that the
inhabitants are compelled in many places dur
ing the inundation to make use of boats. Silk,
cotton, rice, sugar, pepper, tobacco, indigo, and
opium are the principal productions.
Bengal contains 3 very large cities, Calcutta,
Moorshedabad, and Dacca, the capitals of the
3 districts into which it is divided. It has also
many flourishing inland trading towns, contain
ing from 10, to 20,000 inhabitants, as Hoogly,
Bogwangola, Cossimbazar, Nudeah, Mauldah,
Mungulhaut, Sic The principal rivers are the
Ganges, Burrampooter, Dummooda, Coosa, San-
pou orTeesta, besides many smaller ones. — The
Dutch possess the town of Chinsura, the French
Chandernagore, and the Danes Serampore, with
a small territory adjoining each ; all on the
Hoogly from 15 to 20 miles above Calcutta.
Bengal, (Bay of) large bay, extending up,
north of the Indian Ocean, having Hindoos*^ *
west, the Birman empire east, and the country
of Bengal north.
Bengal Passage, channel of E. Indian Sea,
about 12 miles broad, between Pulo-Brasse and
Pulo-Way. Bengal Point, cape on N. coast of St. Mat-
thew,in the Mergui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 5. N.
Bengalpour, X. Hind., in Oude, on the Dc-
wah ; 50 SE. Fyzabad.
Bengasi, see Bingazi.
Bengermow, X. Hind., in Lucknow; 38 E;
Lucknow. Bengevi, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 50 S. Zareng.
Benghur, t. Candahar ; 32 N. Cabul.
Ben-Gloe, mt. Scot, in the county of Perth,
3,724 feet above the level of the sea ; 5 NE.
Blair-Athol. Bengo, X. Africa, in Angola, at the mouth of
a river of the same name ; 15 S. Laonda.
Bengo, r. Africa, which rises in Angola, and
runs into the Atlantic, Lat. 8. 50. S.
Bengore-Head, cape, Ireland, on N. coast of
the county of Antrim ; 10 NE. Coleraine. Lon.
6. 19. W. Lat. 55. 15. N.
Benguela, countiy, Africa, bounded N. by
Angola, E. by the country of Jaga Cassangi, S.
by Mataman, and W. by the sea ; Cape Negro
forms its S. boundaries, from whence moun
tains run northward, in which are contained
the springs of many rivers. The productions
are similar to those of Angola and Congo; one
of the principal is manioc : divers sort of palms
are found ; dates grow in great abundance ; the
vines naturally form alleys and arbours ; cassia
and tamarinds also flourish ; and from the hu
midity of the soil, they have two fruit seasons
in the year. The air of the country is exceed-

BEN

175

BEN

ingly unwholesome, and is said even to effect
its produce, and taint the waters of the rivers.
The chief towns are Old Benguela, St. Philip,
or New Benguela, and Man-ki-kondo, and Kas-
chil. Lon. 30. to 35. E. Lat. 13. 30. to 15. 30. S.
Benguela, (Old,) X. Africa, in the province
so called, situated on S. side of a bay, to which
it gives name, near the Atlantic. Lon. 13. 50.
E. Lat. 10. 50. S.
Benguela, (New,) or St. Philip, t. Benguela, on
N. side of a large bay, called by the Portuguese
Bahia-das-vaccas .- where the Portuguese have a
settlement, and a governor resides, with a small
garrison ; 100 N. Benguela. Lon. 13. 30. E. Lat.
12. 28. N.
Beni, r. Peru, in Cuzco, which rises from the
Andes and flows into the Ucayale.
Beni-Arax, see Beni-Rashid.
Beni-Asser, X. Egypt ; 2 N. Asna.
Beni- Hasan, X. Egypt, on E. side of the Nile,
remarkable for its grottos, dug in the moun
tains, which formerly were used for temples ;
6 N. Ashmunein.
Beni-Jehie, X. Egypt ; 12 S. Ashmunein.
Beni-Jehie, X. Egypt; 8 S. Ensene.
Beni-Maran, t. Egypt; 9 S.. Ashmunein.
Beni-Guarid, X. Africa ; 70 S. Tripoli.
Benihasen, see Habat.
Beni-Mezzab, district, Algiers, S. of Mount
Atlas, inhabited by a tribe of Africans, who
possess a number of villages, but pay no tribute
to the Algerines. Gardeiah is the chief town.
Lon. 2. to 3. E. Lat. 32. to 33. N.
Beni-Misur, X. Egypt ; 3 S. Abu-Girge.
Beni-Mohamed, el Kisur, X. Egypt ; 9 S. Abu-
Girge. Beni-Rashid, or Beni-Arax, X. Africa, in S.
part of Algiers. It is a mud-walled town, in
habited by a tribe of independent Arabs, who
were formerly a race of heroes ; with a citadel
and 2,000 houses. The citadel is now in ruins,
and the houses reduced to a few cottages*
Beni-Sampti, X. Egypt ; 2 S. Abu-Girg6.
Beni-Shekir, t Egypt ; 6 NW. Manfalout.
Beniagunge, X. Hind., in Oude ; 18 S. Luck
now. Benicarlo, X. Spain, in Valencia, celebrated
for the wine which is made in its neighbour
hood ; 3 N. Pensicola. Pop. 5,858.
Benifajo, X. Spain, in Valencia ; 15 NW. Va
lencia. Pop. 3,600.
Benigani, X. Spain, in Valencia; 4 SE. St.
Felipe. Benigheim, X. Wurt. ; 15 N. Stuttgart.
Benihassen, pr. Morocco, on the Atlantic,
abounding in corn. Pop. According to Jackson,
300,000. Chief town, Sallee.
Benilet, t. Arabian Irak ; 145 NW. Bassora.
Benin, km. Western Africa, the limits of which
are not well ascertained, but the name may be
applied to that part of the coast extending from
the river Lagos, the eastern limit of the Slave
Coast, to the Formosa, about 180 miles. The
interior limit is unknown. The whole coast
presents a succession of estuaries, some of them
very broad, and their origin never explored.
Between the Lagos and Cross rivers, the num
ber of rivers flowing into the gulf of Guinea is
said to exceed 20, some of them very broad
and deep, This tract; called the Delta of Benin,

is about 260 miles in extent. The aspect of the
coast and the great mass of water flowing into
the gulf, have led to the supposition that the
waters of the Niger here find an entrance into
the ocean.
This region has been but little explored, and
is little known. The country is low and flat,
the soil on the banks of the rivers very fertile,
but the climate unhealthy. The inhabitants
are of mild disposition ; poligamy is practised ;
almost all labour is performed by females ; the
government is despotic. Chief towns, Benin,
Agatton, Bododa, Ozebo, and Meiberg, which
are situated on the Formosa, the principal
river. Benin, capital of the above kingdom, on the
Formosa ; 70 Agatton. Lon. 5. 6. E. Lat. 6.
12. N. This town according to some is 18
miles in circuit, the largest street 3 miles long,
and others nearly equal ; according to other
statements it is only 4 miles in circuit. The
streets are filled with various articles of mer
chandise, and present the appearance of a
crowded market, though always clean. The
houses are large, and though their walls are of
clay, the reeds and leaves with which they are
covered give them a pleasing appearance. The
king's palace consists of a great number of
square enclosures.
Benioleed, t. Tripoli ; 100 S. Tripoli.
Benisa, X. Spain, in Valencia; 10 S. Dcnia.
Beni-Raschid, or Beni-Arax, X. Algiers, in S.
part, formerly containing a citadel and 2,000
houses, now only a few cottages.
Benipour, X. Bengal ; 18 S. Calcutta.
Benizette, v. Piedmont, and a place of some
consequence as a port.
Benisuef X. Egypt, on the Nile, the capital of
a district, and residence of a bey ; 50 S. Cairo.
Lon. 31. 13. E. Lat. 29. 8. N. It is large and
opulent, and has manufactures of carpets, and
stuff made of woollen and linen mixed ; the
houses are built with bricks baked in the sun.
The beautiful and lofty minarets which it con
tains, give it a magnificent appearance when
seen at a distance. '
Benjaminville, p-v.Dutchess co. N.Y.; W-.299.
Rental, X. and fortress, Turkestan, on the Si-
hon ; 6 N. Tashkund.
Benkeim, X. Prussia ; 12 ENE. Angerburg.
Benkem, X. Prussia ; 16 SE. Brandenburg.
Benken, X. Switz., in Zurich ; 20 N. Zurich.
Ben-Lawers, mt. Scot, in the county of Perth,
4,015 feet above the level of the sea; US.
George-town. Ben-Levagh, mt. Ireland, in the county of
Galway ; 4 SW. Ross.
Ben-Lodi, mt. Scot., in Perthshire, 3,009 feet
above the sea ; 4 SW. Callander.
Ben-Lomond, mt. Scotland, in Stirlingshire,
3,240 feet above the sea ; 26 W. Stirling.
Ben-Loy, mt. Scot., on the confines of coun
ties Argyle and Perth ; 15 NE. Inverary.
Ben-Macduie, mt. Scot., on W. confines of
Aberdeenshire ; 4,300 feet high. It is the sec
ond highest mountain in Great Britain.
Ben-More, mt. Scot, in the island of Mull ;
3,097 feet above the level of sea.
Ben-More, mt. Scot., in Perthshire, 3,903 feet,
above the level of the sea; 20 W. Crief.

BEN

176

BEQ

Ben-Nevis, mt. Scot, in the county of Inver
ness, 4,387 feet above the level of the sea; 7
E. Fort-William. It consists, in great part, of
porphyry and red granite, and contains lead
ore. On one side is an immense precipice. It
is the highest mountain in the island of Great
Britain, and is generally covered with snow.
Benneckslein, t. Pru. Saxony, in Erfurt; 13
N. Nordhausen, 18 SW. Halberstadt. Lon. 10.
50. E. Lat. 51. 42. N. Pop. 2,197.
Bcnnecum, t. Guelderland ; 2 N. Wageningen.
Bennetot, v. France, in Lower Seine ; the
birth place of Vertot.
Ben-Nevanagh, mountains of Ireland, in the
county of Londonderry ; 8 W. Coleraine.
Bennington, co. SW. part of Vt. ; bounded
N. by Rutland co., E. by Windham co., S. by
Massachusetts, and W. by New York. Chief
towns, Bennington and Manchester. Fop. in
1810, 15,893 ; in 1820, 16,125.
Bennington, p-t. Bennington co. Vt., watered
by a branch of the Hoosack ; 37 NE. Albany,
68 SW. Windsor, 115 S. by W. Montpelier, 132
WNW. Boston, W. 395. Lon. 73. 0. W. Lat. 42.
42. N. Pop. in 1810, 2,524; in 1820, 2,485. It
borders on New York, is situated in a good
farming countiy, and is a place of considerable
trade. It contains 2 furnaces, 2 cotton, and 2
woollen manufactories, a manufactory of ochre,
2 paper mills, an academy, and has a valuable
quarry of marble. The courts for the county
are held alternately at Bennington and Man
chester. A weekly newspaper is published
here. On Mount Anthony in this town, there
is a cave containing many beautiful petrifac
tions. — Two famous battles were fought here,
on the 16th of August, 1777, in which General
Stark, at the head of 800 American militia,
gained a distinguished victory over the British.
Bennington, X. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 20 SW.
Batavia. Pop. 790.
Bennington, X. Mercer co. Pa., on the She-
nango ; 60 NNW. Pittsburg.
Bennington, X. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 412.
Bennington, X. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 210.
Bennisch, or Bendstein, t. Aust. Silesia, in
Troppau ; 7 SW. Jagerndorf, 22 WSW. Rati-
bor. Lon. 17. 35. E. Lat. 49. 53. N. Pop. 2,121.
Bennopolis, see Hildesheim.
Bennovenna, now Weiden.
Bennsville, p-v. Charles co. Md. ; 8 miles
from Piscataway, W. 23.
Bennyke, X. Hind., in Oude ; 18 SE. Goorac-
pour.' Lon. 83. 55. E. Lat. 26. 37. N.
Benodet Islands, so called by Monsieur Alou-
arn. See Boyne.
Benon, X. France, in Lower-Charente; 13 E.
Rochelle, 16 NNE. Rochefort.
Benou, X. Arabia ; 130 SE. El Catif.
Benowm, X. Africa, and capital of Ludamar.
Lon. 7. 10. W. Lat. 15. 5. N. It presents the
appearance of a number of miserable huts,
scattered irregularly over a large extent of
ground, resembling a camp rather than a town.
Mi'. M. Park was detained here in captivity for
some time.
Benrad, X. Pru. Dusseldorf ; 7 SSE. Dussel-
dorf. Bensalem, X. Bucks co. Pa., on the NW. side
of the Delaware, SW. of Bristol. Poo; 1,667.

Bensberg, X. Pru. Dusseldorf, where the Elec
tor Palatine had a chateau ; 7 E. Mulheim.
Bensborough, p-v. Pitts co. N. C. ; W. 278.
Bense, see Brent.
Benshausen, X. Pru., government of Erfurt ; 7
SE. Smalkalden. Pop. 1,135.
Benschen, or Benczin, Pru. Posen, on the
Abra; 15 NE. Bornst. Fop. 1,019.
Bensheim, t, Ger., in Hesse ; 10 ENE. Worms,
20 N. Heidelberg. Pop. 3,050.
Besington, or Benson, v. Eng., in Oxfordshire,
near the Thames; 12 S. Oxford. Pop. 825.
Here Offa, king of Mercia, defeated Kinewulph,
king of the West-Saxons.
Benson, p-t. Rutland co. Vt., E. of Lake
Champlain, 62 S. Burlington, W. 446. Pop.
1,481. Bent Creek, p-v. Buckingham county, Va.;
W. 222.
Bentendorf Jeplitza, t. Hungary ; 4 NE. Ro
senberg. Bentham, t. Eng., in the West Riding of York
shire; 7 NW. Settle. Pop. 1,487.
Bentheim, t. Han., capital of a district, in the
province of Bentheim, situated on an eminence;
24 W. Osnabruck, 26 NNW. Munster. Lon. 7.
3. E. Lat. 52. 22. N. Pop. 1,378. It contains
one Roman Catholic, and one Protestant church.
The castle, or palace, is flanked with towers.
Bentheim, pr. Han., formerly a county, Ger.,
belonging to the family of Bentheim-Bentheim,
and bounded N. and W. by Overissel, E. and
S. by the bishopric of Munster, about 40 miles
in length, and from 3 to 12 in breadth ; the soil
is in general fertile, and produces more than is
sufficient for the inhabitants. The principal
towns are Bentheim, Schuttorf, Northorn, and
Nienhus. Pop. 24,364. Sq. m. 400.
Benthorn, X. Holland ; 6 SSE. Ley den.
Benthulud, t. Africa, in Fez, at the foot of
the Atlas Mountain.
Benthuysen, t. Holland ; 6 S. Leyden,
Bentinck's Arms;Xwo branches of an inlet of
N. Pacific Ocean, on W. coast of N. A.; one
to NE. the other to SE. Lon. 233. to 233. 21
E. Lat. 52. 0. to 52. 25. N.
Bentivoglio, X. Italy; 7 N. Bologna.
Bentleysville, p-v. Halifax co. N. C. ; W. 275.
Benton, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y., on W. side of
Seneca lake ; 8 S. Geneva, 18 SE. Canandai-
gua, W. 339. Pop. 3,357.
Benton, (North,) p-v. Ontario co. N. Y.
Bentot, X. on W. coast of Ceylon ; 45 S. Co-
lumbo. Ben-Vorlich, mt. Scot., in Perthshire. The
height is 3,300 feet above the level of the sea.
Benwell, (an. Condereum,) X. England, in Nor
thumberland ; 2 W. Newcastle. Pop. 951.
Ben-Wyvis, mt. Scot., in the county of Boss;
7 NW. Dingwall ; 372 feet high.
Beny, X. France, in Calvados ; 6 NNW. Caen.
Pop. 749.
Beny, (Le,) t. France, in Calvados; 6 N.
Vire, 21 SW. Caen.
Benzhausen, see Benshausen.
Beove, X. Hind., in AurUngabad; 37 S. Au
rungabad. Bepossee, t. Hind., Allahabad; 12 N. Corah.
Bequencourt, t. Canada, on the left bank of
the StLawrence. Lon. 71.42. W, Lat.46.38.N-

BER

177

BER

Bequencourt, t. Canada, on the right bank of
the St. Lawrence. Lon. 72.21. W. Lat. 46.25. N.
Bequet, X. Canada, on the right bank of the
St. Lawrence. Lon. 72. 4. W. Lat. 46. 40. N.
Bern, r. Swabia, which runs into the Dan
ube, near Fridingen.
Berabzan, lake, N. A. Lon. 97. W. Lat. 60.
3.N. Beraa, X. Syria ; 7 N. Acre.
Bercca, now Veria, Aleppo, and Eskisadra.
Beram, see Hermo.
Beramandy, t. Bengal ; 76 NW. Midnapour.
Beramun, t. Egypt, on the Nile ; 3 NE. Man-
sora. Berangieh, or Burgein, X. Egypt, on the left
bank of the Nile ; 22 S. Abutige.
Berapour, X. Hind., in Visiapour ; 40 SW.
Raibaug. Berar, or Barar, pr. Hind., bounded N. by
Malwa and Allahabad, E. by Orissa, S. by Hy-
drabad, and W. by Candeish and Dowlatabad.
This province is fertile in wheat, rice, poppies,
and many sorts of legumes. Ellichpour is the
capital. Berastegue, mt. Spain, in Guipuscoa ; 9 miles
from Tolnsa.
Berat, see Arnaud-Beligrad.
Beraun, X. Bohemia, on the Mies or Miza, cap
ital of a circle of the same name ; sometimes
called the circle of Podverd ; 14 SW. Prague.
Lon. 14. 13. E. Lat. 49.57. ». Pop. 1,857. The
principal produce of the circle is wood and
corn ; the Muldau and the Mies yield abun
dance of fish, and in some parts are found mines
of iron. Pop. of the circle 131,770. Sq. m.
1,102. Beraun, see Bdhrn.
Berbach, X. Bavaria ; 4 S. Neustadt.
Berbecz, r. E. Turkey, which runs into the
Birlat, near Tecuczi, in Moldavia,
Berbegal, t. Spain, Aragon ; 7 W. Balbastro.
Berbera, X. Africa, in Adel, on the southern
coast of the gulf of Aden, between Gape Guar-
dafui and the straits of Babelmandel, about
Lon. 46. E. Lat. 11. N. It is a large town, the
capital of a district of the same name, and the
chief town of the Somaulies, and has an exten
sive annual fair. The principal exports from
the coast are gum arabic, myrrh, and frankin
cense. Berbi, X. Africa, tin the Ivory Coast; Lon. 7.
20. W. Lat. 4. 50. N.
Berbi, (El,) X. Egypt, near the site of the an
cient Abydos ; 3 W. Girge.
Berbice, r. S. A. in Surinam or Dutch Gui
ana, which rises in the mountains more than
100 miles from the coast and flows into the
Atlantic, Lon. 57. 20. W. Lat. 6. 20. N. It is
1J in. wide at its mouth, but 5' miles without
the river there is a bar of sand preventing the
entrance of vessels drawing more than 14 feet
water, and it is navigable for vessels drawing
14 feet 200 miles. About 100 plantations
have been formed upon its banks, which ex
tend upwards of 40 leagues. The territory upon
its shores is low, bordered with trees.
Berbice, district of Guiana, formerly belong
ing to the Dutch, but ceded to Great Britain,
in 1814 ; watered by the river of the same
name, the Canje, and others. It extends from
Vol. I. 23

Abarry creek on the west, to Courantine river
on the east, along the coast about 150 miles.
¦The towns are New Amsterdam, the capital,
and Fort Nassau. The productions are sugar,
rum, cotton, coffee, cocoa, and tobacco. The
coast is marshy and the air damp. Pop. in 1815,
29,959 ; of whom 550 were whites ; 240 peo
ple of colour ; and 25,169 slaves.
Berbino, t. Italy, in Montagna ; 5 N. Lecco.
Bcrbudo, see Barbuda.
Berburg,\ X. Luxemburg ; 12 NE. Luxemburg.
Bercad, t. Russ. Podolia, near the Bog ; 50
SSE. Braclaw.
Berchem, t. Neth., in E. Flanders ; 4 SW. Ra-
vestein. Pop. 1,475.
Berchem, or Bergen, t. Pru., in Juliers ; 9 E.
Juliers. Berchier, X. Switz., Berne ; 10 N. Lausanne.
Berching, X. Bav., in circle of the Upper-Da
nube, on the Sulz; 22 NE. Aichstatt,26WNW.
Ratisbon. Lon. 11. 27. E. Lat. 49. 3. N. Pop.
1,400. Berchstoldsdorf, or Pelersdorf t. Austria ; 6
SW. Vienna.
Berchtoldsgaden, or Berchtesgaden, provost
ship, Bavaria, in circle of Isar, containing 167
square miles. Pop. 8,376. It is wholly mountain
ous, and contains two towns and a few villa
ges; also several lakes.
Berchtoldsgaden, X. Bav., and chief place of a
provostship to which it gives name, on a small
river which runs into the Salzach ; 14 S. Salz
burg. Lon. 12. 57. E. Lat. 47. 33. N. Pop.
2,900. It contains an elegant church, a royal
castle with a libraiy, and has manufactures of
toys and trinkets.
Berclcel, X. Holland ; 5 E. Delft.
Berckel, r. Ger., which rises in Munster, and
runs into the Issel, at Zutphen.
Bercksenbroeck, X. Holland ; 6 N. Rotterdam,
Becy, X. France, in Seine, near Paris. Pop.
1,665. Berd, r. Siberia, which runs into the Oby,
near Berskoi.
Berdaa, X. Persian Armenia ; 40 SW. Scama-
chie, 140 E. Erivan. Lon. 47. 12. E. Lat. 40.
10. N.
Berdanieh, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 32
N. Alanieh, 90 SSW. Konieh.
Berdaschir, see Barsir.
Berdjan, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 60 NNW.
Zareng. Lon. 60. 50. E. Lat. 32. 55.' N.
Berdiczow, t. Russ., in Volhynia; 148 ESE.
Lucko, 324 SW. Warsaw. Pop. about 10,000,
the greater part Jews.
Berdoa, see Burgu.
Berdun, see Verdun.
Bere Alston, bor. Eng., in Devon, which
sends 2 members to parliament. Market on
Saturday; 5 Tavistock, 211 W.London. H.100.
Bere Regis, X. Eng., in Dorsetshire ; 9 from
Blandford, 113 W.London. Pop. 396. Near
it is Woodbury-Hill, celebrated for its annual
fair. It has a weekly market on Wednesday.
Berefiord, X. and bay, on E. coast of Iceland.
Lat. 64. 26. N.
Beregh, co. Hungary, on N. side of the Teis-
se. Sq. m. 1,367. Pop. 81,883. Produce, wine,
hemp, fruit, and maize.
Beregh, X. Hungary, in the county of Beregk.

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178

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Beregh-szaz, t. Hungary, capital of the county
of Beregh ; 24 N. Zatmar. Pop. 4,266.
Bereia,X. Sierra Leone ; 25 NE. Portlogo.
Bereilly, X. Hind., in the Rohilcund Circar ;
112 E.Delhi, 120 NNW. Lucknow. Lon. 79.
45. E. Lat. 28. 20. N. It is situated on a river
which flows into the Ganges, and is a large and
populous city.
Berelos, or Brullos, lake, Egypt, between Da-
mietta and Rosetta; 32 miles long, and 10 wide ;
it has several islands in it.
Berelos, (an. Baralus,) X. Egypt; SOW. Da-
mietta. Bereng, X. Cashmere ; 32 E. Cashmere.
Berenguola, or Verenguela, t. S. A., in La
Paz. Lon. 69. 46. W. Lat. 18. S.,
Berenice, now Accaba, Habcsh, and Bingazi.
Bcrentz, X. and castle, Hungary ; 20 NNE.
Presburg. Berentzwiller, X. France, in Upper-Rhine.
Beresbirt, X. A. Turkey, in Marasch ; 40 NW.
Marasch. Beresford's Islands, cluster of islands, N. P.
Ocean, supposed to be the same with those
which Perouse called Sartine islands. Lon.
129. 57. W. Lat. 50. 52. N.
Beresky, X. Podolia ; 40 SE. Braclaw.
Beretsko, X. Rus., Volhynia ; 24 SSW. Lucko.
Beretzhausen, X. Bav., on the Laber; 12
WNW. Ratisbon. Pop. 810.
Bereza, t. Rus., Kiev; 30 W. Bialacerkiew.
Berezen, r. which runs into the Black Sea,
20 W. Otchakov.
Berezeuka, X. Russia, in Saratov, on W. side
of the Volga; 124 S. Saratov.
Berezina; r. Rus. Lithuania, which rises in the
palatinate of Wilna, and runs into the Niemen,
16 NE. Novogrodek. The French army, in
the memorable retreat from Russia, in 1812,
experienced unparalleled sufferings at this riv
er. Great numbers were drowned, and 7,500
capitulated. Berezina, X. Russia, in Minsk, on the Berezi
na; 44 NE. Minsk.
Berezinskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on N. side
of the Irtisch ; 40 E. Tobolsk.
Berezniki, X. Russia, Wilna ; 40 NNW. Troki.
Berezov, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Soswa,
18 miles above its confluence with the Oby ;
420 NNW. Tobolsk. Lon. 65. 14. E. Lat. 64.
N. Pop. 1,500. It contains 3 stone churches.
The inhabitants are mostly Cosacs, and subsist
by hunting and fishing, and by the rein deer,
and have some trade in furs. It is the most
northern place in Siberia where the horse can
exist in vigour.
Berezov, X. Russia, in Olonetz ; 180 NNW.
Petrozavodskoi. Lon. 30. 34. E. Lat. 64. 15. N.
Berezovoi, fortress, A.Russia, in Orenburg, on
the Uvelka ; 68 SE. Tcheliabinsk, 240 E. Upha.
Berezovskoi, fortress, A. Russia, in Orenburg,
on the Ural ; 140 ENE. Orenburg.
Berg, t. Norway ; 12 S. Frederickstadt
Berg, X. Bavaria, circle of Upper-Maine ; 4
W. Hof.
Berg, t. Sweden, in Smaland; 20 WNW.
Wexio. Berg, X. Sweden, in Jamtland, on a branch
of lake Storsio ; 24 S. Ostersund.
, • Berg, r. Afrioa, which rises in the countiy of

the Hottentots, and runs into the Atlantic, a,
little N. St. Helen's Bay, Lat. 32. 10. S.
Berg, formerly a duchy and principality,
Ger. in Westphalia, bounded W. and S. by the
Rhine ; N. by the duchy of Cleves, and E. by
the county of Mark ; about 60 miles long, and
from 8 to 22 in breadth, and contained, in 1798,
267,479 inhabitants, 39,950 H., 1,164 sq. m.,
17 towns, and 185 parishes.
The countiy along the Rhine is flat and fer
tile, and produces great quantities of corn ; on
the hills the inhabitants cultivate vines, in the
valleys are meadows, and upon the mountains
vast forests. There are mines of lead, iron,
and coal. The inhabitants consume more
wheat than they grow. The principal manu
factures are swords, knives, and other articles
of iron and steel. There are also some manu
factures of cloth, ribbons, and handkerchiefs.
The principal rivers are the Wipper, the Seig,
and the Ruhr ; the principal towns are Dussel
dorf, Everfeld, Gemark, Ronsdorf, Solingen,
Lennep, he. The whole was given to Prussia
by the congress of Vienna in 1815, and it now
constitutes the greatest part of the government
of Dusseldorf, in the province of Juliers-Cleves-
Berg. Berg-op-Zoom, maritime town, Neth., in N.
Brabant, situated on the river Zoom, at its
union with the Scheldt; 18 NNW. Antwerp.
Lon. 4.-17. E. Lat. 51. 30. N. Pop. 4,722. It
was first surrounded by a wall in 1287. The
church is a beautiful structure, and was made
collegiate in 1442. This is one of the strongest
places belonging to the Dutch, having been
regularly fortified in 1629, and esteemed nearly
impregnable. Berg Reichinstein Kaschpetsbi Hory, royal t.
Bohemia, in Prachatiz, on a mountain, in which
are mines of silver ; 20 W. Prachatiz, 36 WSW.
Bechin. Lon. 13. 26. E. Lat. 49. 6. N. Pop.
1,434. Berga, X. Norway; 66 ENE. Christiana. Lon.
9. 38. E. Lat. 59. 50. N.
Berga, X. Ger., in Weimar ; 12 NE. Neustadt,
16 E.Jena. Lon. 12. 6. E. Lat. 50. 41. N.
Pop. 370.
Berga, (an. Berginium,) X. Spain, in Catalo
nia, on the Lobrogat ; 12 E. Solsona, 25 N.
Mauresa. Berga, X. Switz., Tesino ; 15 WNW. Locarno.
Berga, X. Ger., in Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
Pop. 1,071.
Bergamo, delegation, Aust. Italy, in the gov;
ernment of Milan, including most of the coun
try lately called Bergamasco. The northern
part is mountainous and unproductive, but the
southern part is very fertile, producing wine,
oil, Sic The inhabitants are inclined to cor
pulency, and are subject to the goitre. Pop.
291,356. Sq. m. 1,679.
Bergamo, fan. Bergamum,) city, Aust. Italy,
capital of a delegation, between the Serio and
Brembo ; 25 NE. Milan, 26 NW. Brescia. Lon.
9. 40. E., Lat. 45. 42. N. Pop. 19,909. H. 2,500.
Bp. see. It is built in the form of an amphi
theatre, on the side of a rocky hill, and is pro
vided with walls, bastions, and ditches, and is
protected by a castle. It contains a cathedral,
14 chh., 4 hospitals, 12 convents for men,' and

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179

BER

10 for women. Its principal trade is in silk;
also, wine, iron, and grindstones. A great fair
is held here, beginning Aug. 24, and lasting a
fortnight. For this fair there is a stone build
ing, containing 600 booths. — Natives, the father
of Tasso ; Maffei, Serassi, and Tiraboschi.
Bergara, see Vergara.
Bergas, t. Natolia; 40 W. Artaki.
Bergato, or Vergato; X. Italy ; 10 S. Bologna.
Bergaz, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, the see
of a Greek archbishop ; 44 ENE. Adrianople.
Lon. 27. 4. E. Lat. 41. 12. N.
Bergedorf t. Lower-Saxony, belonging to the
cities of Hamburg and Lubeck, which put in a
bailiff alternately; 10 ESE. Hamburg. Pop.
1,999. Bergen, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 14 NE. Ba
tavia, W. 437. Pop. 2,438.
Bergen, CO. N. J., bounded NNE. by N. York,
E. by the Hudson, S. and SW. by Essex and
Morris cos., and W. by Sussex co. Pop. in
1810, 16,603; in 1820, 18,178. Chief town,
Ilackensack. Bergen, X. Bergen co. N. J., near the mouth
of the Hudson, 3 W. New York, 88 NE. Phila
delphia. Lon. 74. 55. W. Lat. 40.44. N. Pop.
3,137. Here is a village containing an acade
my, a Dutch Reformed Church, and 50 or 60
houses. — Bergen Neck is a peninsula, extending
6 S. Bergen, between Newark bay W., and N.
York bay E., and is separated from Staten isl
and by a narrow strait.
Bergen, (an Bergos,) city and s-p. Norway,
and capital of the province of Bergenhuus ; 180
N. Stavanger, 270 SW. Drontheim. Lon. 5.
21. E. Lat. 60. 24. N. Pop. 18,080. H. 2,200.
Bp. see. It contains a hospital, a German ch.,
3 Danish parochial chh., and a seminary with
12 teachers. It lies at the bottom of a long
bay, which is enclosed on all sides by rugged
and barren rocks. While it has thus the advan
tage of a secure harbour, the access is attend
ed with considerable danger. Bergen is situat
ed in the centre of a valley, disposed in the
form of a crescent; seven lofty mountains ren
der it almost inaccessible by land, and towards
the sea it is defended by fortifications and bat
teries. The principal articles of commerce for
exportation are fish, skins, tallow, and timber.
Bergen, X. Hesse Cassel, in Hanau ; 3 NE.
Francfort on the Maine, 6 NNW. Hanau. Pop.
1,438. The environs produce excellent wine.
Bergen, (an. Gora,) X. Pru., capital of the isl
and of Rugen. Lon. 13. 34. E. Lat. 54. 25. N.
Pop. 1,538. It is situated in the centre of the
island, and is the seat of the governor.
Bergen, X. Sax., Vogtland ; 7 E. Plauen.
Bergen, X. N. Holland ; 3 N. Alcmaer.
Bergen, small isl. in the E. Indian Sea ; 60
W. Sumatra. Lat 3. 20. S.
Bergen, see Berchem.
Bergen am Dumme, X. Hanover, in Luneburg,
12 SW. Danneberg. Pop. 709.
Bcrgen-op-Zoom, see Berg-op-Zoom.
Bergenhuus, the most westerly province of
Norway, situated between Aggerhus and the
sea; about 180 miles long and 81 wide. Ber
gen is the capital. Pop. 153,556. Sq. m. 14,182.
Bergerac, X. France, and principal place of a
district in Dordogne ; 21 S. Perjgueux, 37 N.

Agen. Lon. 0. 34. E. Lat. 44. 51. N. , Pop.
8,544. It is situated in a beautiful and exten
sive plain on the Dordogne, which separates it
into two towns, called St. Martin and St. Mag-
delaine. It is a rich, commercial, and popu
lous town. Before the revocation of the edict
of Nantes, it is said there were 40,000 Protes
tants in this town and its neighbourhood.
Bergfried,v. Prussia, in Eimeland, on the
Alle ; 7 N. Allenstein, 10 S. Guttstadt. In this
village a battle was fought in 1807, between
the French and the confederate Prussians and
Russians, in which the former claimed the vic
tory. Berggreinfeld, X. Bavaria ; 2 SSW. Schwein-
furt. H. 150.
Berggieszhubel, or Berg Gieshubel, X. Saxony,
in Meissen, near which are warm medicinal
springs ; 6 S. Pirna, 56 N. Prague. Pop 430.
Bergh, or Berghland, isl. in the Indian Sea,
near SW. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 100. E. Lat.
2. 30. S.
Bergheim, X. Ger., Waldeck ; 4 S. Waldeck.
Bergheim, or Berghen, X. Pru., Cologne, on
Erfft ; 9 E. Juliers, 12 W. Cologne. Pop. 2,500.
Berghiri, X. Kurdistan ; 20 SE. Betlis.
Berginium, now Berga.
Bergo, small isl. in N. part of the gulf of.
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 40. E. Lat. 65. 45. N.
Bergomum, now Bergamo.
Bergoo,- or Dor Bergoo, countiy, Africa,
bounded N. by Bornou, E. by Nubia and Dar-
Fur, S. by Nigritia, and W. by Nigritia and Be
garmee ; 260 miles in length from N. to S. and
from 100 to 150 in breadth. Lon. 24. 3. to 27.
40. E. Lat. 13. 30. to 17. 50. N. The inhabit
ants are Mahometans. The chief town is Wara.
Bergosa, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 3 NE. Jaca.
Bergstadt, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 18 N. Ol
mutz. Pop. 923.
Bergstadt, see Itter Thai.
Bergstadt, X. Bohemia, Bechin ; 4 NE. Tabor.
Bergstadt, X. Bohemia, in Prachin ; 23 NW.
Prachatitz, 65 SSW. Prague. Lon. 13. 22. E.
Lat. 49. 15. N. H. 59.
Bergsio, t. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 16 N.
Hudwickswall. Bergstrasse, long tract or tongue of land, on
the side of the Rhine, between Heidelberg, and
Darmstadt ; it contains a few small places, as
Bensheim, Oppenheim, and Weinheim.
Bergues, or Berg, or Bergues St. Vinox, t.
France, and principal place of a district, in
North ; 4 S. Dunkirk, 32 NW. Lille. Pop. 5,085.
It is situated on the river Colne, at the Union
of several canals, which conduct to Dunkirk,
Gravelines, St Oiner, Fumes, he. It contains
two parishes.
, Bergun, t. Switz., in Engadine ; 5 W. Zulz.
Bergusia, now Baga.
Bergwerben, t. Pru. Merseburg ; 2 N. Weis-
senfels. Bcrgwerk, X. Hungary; 13 W. Steinam.
Bergzabem, t. Bav., circle of the Rhine, for
merly in the duchy of Deux-Ponts; 6 SSW.
Landau, 30 SE. Deux-Ponts. Lon. 8. I.E. Lat.
49. 6. N. Pop. 1,40S. It is situated on the Erf.
bach ; with 2 churches.
Beria, see Verio.
Beria, t. Hind., Allahabad ; 40 N. Gazypour

BER

180

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Beriezen, t. Russia, in Tchernigov, on the
Desna; 24ENE. Tchernigov, 516 S.Petersburg.
Beridge, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 14 S. Amedabad.
Berigan, X. Africa, in Algiers, and capital of
the countiy of Beni-Mezzah. Lon. 3. E. Lat.
32. 15. N.
Berinbal, X. Egypt, on E. branch of the Nile;
1 SE. Rosetta.
Beringel, t. Portugal, Alentejo ; 6 NW. Beja.
Beringen,X. Neth., in Liege; 18 NW. Maes-
tricbt, 22 NE. Louvain. Pop. 1,150.
Beringou,ovKamanderskoi,seeBeering'sIsland Berinschul, rocky island in the Mediterra
nean, near the coast of Algiers.
Berisa, X. Africa, in Cashna, on N. side of the
Niger, in the road from Tombuctou to Cashna;
125 W. Cashna. Lon. 9. 40. E. Lat. 16. 50. N.
Berisa, now Tocat.
Berka, X. Weimar, on the Ilm ; '6 SSW. Wei
mar. Lon. 11. 16. E. Lat. 50. 55. N. Pop. 734.
Berka, X. Weimar, in Eisenach, on the Wer-
ra ; 9. W. Eisenach. Lon. 10., 4. E. Lat 50.
57. N. Pop. 631.
Berka, t. Walachia ; 75 N. Bucharest.
Berkaszesti, X. Moldavia, on the Berbecz ; 56
JMW. Galatz.
Berkhamstead, X. Eng., in Herts ; 9 W. St. Al
bans, 26 NW. London. Lon. 0. 34. W. Lat. 51.
48. N. Pop. 1,963. A branch of the Braunston
canal passes near it, and it has a market on
Monday. Near the town formerlystood a castle,
surrounded by a moat, some ruins of which are
visible. In 697, a parliament is said to have
been held here, and king Ina's laws published.
— The poet Cowper was born here in 1731.
Berkholz, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 17 NE. Prenz-
low. Berki, (an. Hypapa,) X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 36 E. Smyrna.
Berkley, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. ; 5 S. Taunton,
36 S. Boston, W. 480. Pop. 1,060.
Berkley, or Sandlown, v. Gloucester co. N. J. ;
14 miles from Philadelphia. It contains an
Episcopal church.
'Berkley, co. Va. ; bounded N. by the Poto
mac, E. by Jefferson co., S. by Frederick co.,
and W. by Hampshire co. Pop. in 1810, 1 1,479 ;
slaves 1,529. Pop. in 1820,11,211. Chief town,
Marti nsburg.
Berkley, X. Eng., in Glocester, on the Severn,
with a castle ; 18 SSW. Glocester, 19 NNE.
Bristol, 113 W.London. Pop. 616. The town
carries on a considerable trade in timber, coals,
malt, and cheese.
Berkley's Point, cape on N. coast of Egmont
Island. Lon. 164. 12. E. Lat. 10. 42. S.
Berkley's Sound, bay, N. Pacific Ocean, on
W. coast of N. A. ; 70 SE. Nootka Sound.
Berkley Springs, p-t. Berkley co. Va. ; W. 1 10.
These springs are near the town of Bath. The
waters are useful to persons labouring under the
jaundice, or affection of the liver. They are
finely situated, and much resorted to by gay
and fashionable people, as well as by invalids.
Berks, co. E. part of Pa.; bounded NW. by
Northumberland co., NE. by Northampton CO.,
SE. by Montgomery and Chester cos., SW. by
Lancaster and Dauphin cos. Pop. 1810,43,146;
in 1320, 46,275. Chief town, Reading.
Berkshire, p t Franklin co. Vt. ; 55 N, Mont
pelier, W. 541. Pop. 831.

Berkshire, co. W. side of Mass. ; bounded N.
by Vermont, E. by Franklin, Hampshire, and
Hampden cos., S. by Connecticut, and W. by
New York. Pop. in 1810, 35,907; in 1820,
35,720. Chief towns, Lenox, Pittsfield, Wil-
liamstown, and Stockbridge. It is intersected
by the Green mountains ; and the surface di
versified and mountainous, but the soil fertile,
and excellent for grazing.
Berkshire, or Westville, p-t. Broome co. N.Y.;
13 N. Oswego, 24 SE. Ithaca, 25 NW. Chenan
go, 155 WSW. Albany, W. 331. Pop. 1,502.
This is a very good agricultural town.
Berkshire, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio ; 23 NNE.
Columbus, W. 431. Pop. 190.
Berkshire, co. Eng., bounded N. by the cos:
of Oxford and Buckingham, from bothof which
it is divided by the river Thames, E. by Surry,
S. by Hampshire, and W. by Wiltshire. From
E. to W. its length is about 48 miles ; from N..
to S. in its widest part 28 ; in its narrowest 7.
Sq. m. 744. Acres 476,160; 255,000 arable,
30,000 waste ; the rest pasture, meadows, fee.
Fop 118,277. Families 25,051; 13,409 engaged
in agriculture, 7,584 in commerce, 4,058 other
wise. It contains 148 parishes, 12 market towns,
about 200 villages, and 150 seats of noblemen
and gentlemen. The market towns aie Abing-
don,Farringdon, Hungerford, Ilsley, Lambourn,
Maidenhead, Newbury, Reading, Wallingford,
Wantage, Windsor, and Workingham.
It produces a great deal of corn, and great
quantities of meal and malt are sent in barges
by the river Thames to London. The county
returns 9 members to parliament, viz. 2 for the
county ; 1 for the borough of Abingdon ; anij
for Reading, Wallingford, and Windsor, 2 each.
Berkshire Valley, p-v. Morris co. N.J. ; W. 218.
Berkussa, t. Croatia, on the Kulpa; 11 W.
Petrenta. Berlai, X. Croatia, on the Korana ; 8 S. Sluin.
Berlaimont, X. France, in North, and district
of Le Quesnoy ; 6 NW. Avesnes. Pop. 1,550.
Berlanga, or Verlanga, X. Spain, in Old Cas
tile, on the Duero ; 15 SE. Osma. Pop. 1,400.
Berlasreuth, X. Bavaria, circle of the Lower
Danube ; 12 N. Passau. Pop. 1,075.
Berleburg, t. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg,
and county of Witgenstein ; 28 NW. Marburg,
56 E. Cologne. Pop. 1,722.— The Berleburg
bible was translated here.
Berleux, X. France, Somme ; 3 SW. Peronne.
Berlikum, t. Neth., in North Brabant; 3 E.
Bois le Due. Pop. 1,600.
Berlikum, t. Neth., in Friesland ; 7 NW. Le-
warden. Pop. 750.
Berlin, X. Worcester co. Mass. ; 14 NNE,
Worcester, 33 W. Boston. Pop. 625.
Berlin, X. Washington co. Vt. ; 3 SSW. Mont
pelier. Pop. 1,455.
Berlin, p-t. Hartford co. Ct ; 10 SSW. Hart-
\ ford, 24 N. New-Haven, W. 327. Lon. 72. 45.
W. Lat. 41. 37. N. Pop. in 1810, 2,798; in 1820,
2,877. It is a good agricultural town, divided
into 3 parishes, and is distinguished for its vari
ous manufactures, particularly tin ware. The
manufacture of tin ware in Connecticut was first
commenced in this town ; and has been extend- .
ed to various other places, which have now
become rivals of Berlin in this manufacture.

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181

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Berlin, p-t. Adams co. Pa. ; 13 W. York, 100
W. Philadelphia, W. 89.
Berlin, bor. and p-t. Somerset co. Pa. ; 30
WSW. Bedford, 240 W. Philadelphia, W. 194.
Pop. 382.
Berlin, t. Rensselaer co. N.Y. ; 20 E. Albany.
Pop. 1,986.
Berlin, (New,) p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. ; 7
ENE. Norwich, 90 W. Albany, W. 355. Pop.
2,366. Berlin, (New,) p-t. Union co.NPa. ; W. 174.
Pop, 515.
Berlin, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 395.
Berlin, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 482.
Berlin, city, capital of the Prussian states, and
residence of the king, in Brandenburg, on the
banks of the Spree ; 25 E. Brandenburg, 75
SW. Stettin, 300 N. by W. Vienna. Lon. 13.
22. E. Lat. 52. 32. N. Pop. in 1661, only
6,500; in 1812,166,584; and in 1818, including
the military, 18S,485. Houses in 1812, 7,133.
Jews, 2,698.
It is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.
The walls are 11 English miles in circuit; and
the entrance is through 25 gates. The streets
arc generally broad and strait, and the squares
regular and spacious. The houses are generally
of 2 stories, built of fine white freestone, or of
brick covered with a thin coating of plaster.
There are in all 33 churches ; 12 Lutheran, 6
Calvinist, and 8 common to both ; 2 Catholic and
1 Moravian. It contains numerous public
buildings and institutions ; among which are
the royal castle, 430 feet long, and 276 wide,
containing the king's library of upwards of
200,000 volumes, a cabinet of antiquities, min
erals, and medals, and a museum of natural and
artificial curiosities ; a magnificent cathedral, a
splendid arsenal, a royal academy of sciences,
an academy of fine arts, a university, 5 gymna
sia, and various other institutions. The uni
versity was instituted in 1810, by the union of
several smaller institutions. It has a library, an
observatory, an anatomical and a zoological
museum, a botanic garden, and had in 1817, 67
teachers and 600 students.
The city is composed of 5 parts or towns.
1. Berlin Proper, founded by Albert in 1163.
2. Coin, or Cologne-on-ihe-Spree. The Spree
here divides itself into two branches, forming
an island on which this part is built. 3. Frcd-
erickswarden, or Frederick's Island, built also on
an island in the Spree. 4. Dorotheenstadt, or
New Town, built by the elector Frederick Wil
liam I, and named after his wife. 5. Frederick-
stadl, founded by Frederick William, and is
the largest of the 5 towns — Berlin is indebted
for its chief establishments to the celebrated
Frederick II., who is supposed to have expend
ed yearly #400,000 in its improvement.
The manufactures consist of silk, porcelain,
serge, fustian, muslin,- camlets, and other wool
lens, linen and cotton stuff's, stockings, carpets,
embroidery, jewellery, bronze, iron, steel, black
and white lead, borax, vitriol, dyestuffs, (par
ticularly Prussian blue,) tobacco, wax, starch,
powder, soap, leather, hats, clocks, watches,
Sic. One of the most important branches of
commerce is bookselling.-Natives, Frederick II.
Canitz, Baumgarten, and Chodowiecky.

Bcrlinchen, or Little Berlin, X. Pru., in Bran
denburg, in Frankfort; 36 NNE. Custrin, 80
ENE. Berlin. Lon. 1. 15. E. Lat. 53. 5. N'.
Pop. 1,S37.
BeW»'«siiiZ/c,p-v.Nortbampton co.Pa.; W.207.
Berloch, X. Bohemia, Czaslau ; 9 NE. Czaslau.
Berm, X. Prussian Pornerelia ; 21 SSE. Dant-
zick, 32 W. Marienburg.
Bermah, X. Meckley ; 85 SE. Munnypour.
Bermeio, or Berme, or Vermejo, s-p. Spain, in
Biscay, near Cape Machicaca ; 15 NW. Bilboa.
Lon. 2. 46. W. Lat. 43. 25. N.
Bermejo, isl. and s-p. in the Pacific Ocean,
near the coast of Peru, a little W. of Lima.
Bermuda Hundred, small settlement on apoint
of land between the junction of the Appomatox
with James river ;. 2 N. City Point, 22 by land,
and upwards of 50 by the river, ESE. Rich
mond. Bermudas Islands, or Somers Islands, cluster
of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean. They
are in number 400, or more, but for the most
part so small and so barren, that they have
neither inhabitants nor name. Hardly one
eighth part is inhabited. The most considerable
of these islands are St. George, St. David,
Cooper, Ireland, Somerset, Long Island, Bird
Island, and Nonsuch. . The first has a town,
St. George's Town, and the two following some
villages, the others only farms dispersed.
The air is so healthy, that sick people from
the continent of America frequently go thither
for the recovery of their health. The winter is
hardly perceptible ; it may be said to be per
petually spring ; the trees never lose their ver
dure, and the leaves only fall when new ones
begin to appear. Birds sing and breed without
intermission. But Uiese advantages are counterbalanced by
frightful storms, accompanied by formidable
thunders, which are announced by a circle
round the moon. Some fertile plains are seen,
but in general the countiy is mountainous.
The soil is of divers colours, brown, white, and
red, of which the former is the best ; although
light and stony, it is in general rich and fertile.
The water is in general salt ; there is but little
fresh, except rain water preserved in cisterns.
The inhabitants gather two harvests of Indian
corn in a year, one in July and the other in
December ; this forms their principal food.
They likewise- cultivate tobacco, legumes, and
fruit sufficient for their wants. Their trees are
principally the cedar and palmetto. Besides
these, they have orange trees, olive, laurels,
pear trees, he. The red wood is peculiar to
these islands; its coloured fruit feeds worms,
which change to flies, a little larger than cochi
neal, instead of which they are used. There
are no venomous reptiles. Building of ships
and sloops is the principal trade of the inhabi
tants. These islands extend from NE. to SW.
about 45 miles ; the whole shore is surrounded
with rocks, most of which are dry at low water,
but covered at flood ; 230 leagues SE. Cape
Fear in N. C. The north point of these islands
lies Lon. 64. 28. W. Lat. 32. 22. N. Pop. 10,381;
of whom 5,462 were whites, and 4,919 were
slaves.— The Methodist Missionary Society
have 2 missionaries here.

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182

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Bermya, X. Bengal ; 30 N. Dacca.
Bern, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. ; 20 W. Albany,
W. 397. Pop. 5,531. This township contains
5 houses for public worship.
Bern, X. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 923.
Bern, (Lower,) X. Berks co. Pa., W. of the
Schuylkill ; 15 NW. Reading. Pop. 1,791.
Bern, or Berne, canton, Switz., bounded N.
by Soleure and Aargau, E. by Lucerne,'Under-
walden, and Uri, S. by the Vallais, W.by Vaud,
Friburg, Neufchatel, and France. It is divided
into 24 bailiwicks. Pop. 297,600. Sq. m. 3,635.
It formerly included the present cantons of
Vaud and Aargau.
The southern part is very mountainous ; the
northern more level, and in many places highly
productive in wine, fruits, and corn. In the
mountainous parts the principal object of at
tention is the breeding of horses and cattle,
the export of which, and also of cheese, is ex
tensive. Other articles are hemp, flax, vegeta
bles, salt, &c. The French and German lan
guages are both extensively spoken. The reli
gion is Calvinism.
Bern, or Berne, city, Switz., capital of the
canton of Bern, on the Aar; 45 S. Bale, 50
SW. Zurich, 75 NE. Geneva. Lon. 7. 26. E.
Lat. 46. 57. N. Pop. 13,339. H. 1,062. It is
situated on the declivity of a hill, surrounded
by very romantic scenery, washed on 3 sides
by the Aar, and is elevated 1,708 feet above the
sea. The streets are kept remarkably clean ;
the 3 principal ones are furnished with piazzas
on both sides; and the houses are generally
built of stone. It contains 4 Reformed churches,
3 hospitals, a public libraiy of 20,000 vols., and
a college with professors of mathematics, lan
guages, theology, law, and medicine. The
manufactures consist of crape, silk, linen, wool
len, and cotton stuffs, leather, clocks, and
watches ; but the trade is not extensive ; no
great roads to France or Italy passing through
the place. The meetings of the general assem
bly or diet of Switzerland are held by rotation
at Bern, Zurich, and Lucerne. — Native, Haller.
Bernabar, X. Hind., in Sehaurunpour ; 15
NW. Merat.
Bernada, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 5 W.
St. Severina.
Bernagur, X. Bengal ; 3 N. Moorshedabad.
Bernagur, X. Bengal ; 23 WNW. Purneah.
Lon. 86. 16. E. Lat. 25. 58. N.
Bernaldi, X. Naples, Basilicata ; 15 S. Matera.
Bernange, or Bernegg, X. Switz., in St. Gall,
in the Upper-Rhinthal ; 8 ENE. Appenzel.
Bernarditze, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 6 NW.
Bechin. Bernard's Castle, see Barnard's Castle-
Bernard's Heath, an open plain near St Al-
ban's, Eng., where the troops of queen Marga
ret defeated the earl of Warwick, in 1461.
Bernardston, see Barnardston.
Bernardstown,X.Somerseteo. N.J. Pop. 2,063.
Bemardsweiler, X. Bav. ; 7 SW. Feuchtwang.
Bernardzice, see Bernstadt.
Bemau, t. Austria ; 5 S. Wels.
Bernau, X. Austria ; 1 E. Wels.
Bemau, X. Bavaria, on the borders of Bohe
mia; 28 NE. Amberg. Pop. 1,038.
.Bemau, t. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam ;

14 NNE. Berlin, 41 W. Custrin. Lon. 13. 30,E.
Lat. 52. 42. N. Pop. 1,791. It is surrounded
with walls, ramparts, and ditches ; and contains
3 churches. It is noted for its beer.
Bernaver, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 30 NNE. Delhi;
Bcrnaville, t. France, in Somme ; 7 SW.
Dourlens. Pop. 1,000:
Bernay, t. France, principal place of a district
in Eure ; 15 E. Lisieux, 20 W. Evreux. Lon.
0. 42. E. Lat. 49. 5. N. Pop. 6,271.
Bernburg, X. Ger., Upper-Saxony, in Anhalt,
on the Saale ; 20 W. Dessau, 24 S. Magdeburg.
Lon. 11. 52. E. Lat. 51. 50. N. Pop. 4,844. It
is the largest town in Anhalt Bernburg, and was
formerly the residence of the prince, and has a
castle built on a high rock. It is formed of 3
parts, the old town, new town, and town, on
the hill.
Berncastle, X. Pru. grand duchy of the Lower-
Rhine, in Treves, on the Moselle ; 3 WSW,
Traarbach, 18 ENE. Treves. Lon. 7. 2. E. Lat.
49. 57. N. Pop. 1,607.
Berndorf X. Bav. ; 4 S. Konigshofen in Der
Grabfeld. Berneck, t. Bav., circle of the Upper Maine;
8N. Bayreuth. Pop. 872.
Berneck, or Bernegg, see Bernang.
Bernecourt, X. France, in Meurte ; 9 SW.
Pont-a-Mousson, 9. N. Toul.
Berner's Bay, bay in Lynn canal, on W.
coast of N. America, between Point Bridget
and Point St. Mary.
Bernera, v. Scot, in Inverness, with barracks-
for 200 men ; 32 NW. Fort William.
Berneray, or Bishop's Island, one of the West
ern Islands of Scotland, and the most souther
ly of those called Bishop's islands, about 5
miles in circ. It is fertile, and has a wood of
firs. In the centre is a lake of fresh water;
and on the island there are two chapels. Lon.
7. 35. W. Lat. 56. 47. N.
Berneray, one of the Western Islands of Scot.,
about 4 miles long, and 1 broad, between Har
ris and North Uist Lon. 7. 10. W. Lat. 57.42. N.
Berneray, small island in a bay, called Loch
Berneray, on W. coast of Lewis; Lon. 6.49. W.
Lat. 58. 12. N.
Bernersdorf X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 4 NE.
Lauenstein. Bernessa, X. Piedmont ; 5W. Coni. Pop.2,600;
Berneville, X. France, in the Straits-of-Calais;
4 SW. Arras.
Bernex, X. Savoy; 4NW. Geneva.
Bernegries, X. Bav., on the Altmuhl ; 24 W.
Ratisbon, 32 SSW. Amberg.
Bernhard, X. Ger., in the county of Henne-
berg ; 5 SSW. Schleusingen.
Bernharls, X. Austria ; 7 ESE. Feldsburg.
Bernheim, see Burg Bernhiem.
Bernic, X. Barca, on the coast ; 50 SW. To-
lometa. Bernier's Island, isl. near the mouth of
Shark's Bay, on the W. coast of New-Holland.
Bemieres, X. France, in Calvados; 10 SW.
Caen. H. 280.
Bernin, X. France, in Isere ; 8 N. Grenoble.
Bernino, mt. Grisons; 17 NE. Chiavenna.
Bernn, X. Prussia, Pomerelia ; 16. S. Dantzic.
Berno, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 15 NNE. Ber
lin. Lon. 13. 40. E. Lat. 52. 41. N,

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183

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vBewon, t. France, in Aube ; 4 SE. Ervy.
Bernovitzkoe, X. Russia, in Smolensk ; 40 N.
Smolensk. Bernstadt, or Berolstadt, t. Silesia, in Oels, on
the Weyda ; 7 SE. Oels, 20 E. Breslau. Lon.
17. 34. E. Lat. 51. 6. N. Pop. 2,549.
Bernstadt, or Bernsladtel, or Bernardzice, X.
Saxony, Upper Lusatia ; 9 SW. Gorlitz. Loh.
14. 54. E. Lat. 51. 2. N. Pop. 1,600.
Bernstein, t.Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort;
18. SE. Stai'gard, 40 NE. Custrin. Lon. 15. 16.
E. Lat. 53. 9. N. Pop. 1,297.
Bernstein, X. and castle, Bavaria ; 2 WSW.
.Gravenau. Pop. 553.
Bernstein, X. Bav. ; 3 NE. Wunsiedel.
Bernus, mt. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia; 10
SE. Saloniki.
Berni, X. France ; 6 S. Paris.
Bernya, t. Bengal ; 18 miles from Noony.
Berolstadt, see Bernstadt.
Berolzheim, X. Bav., circle of the Rezat, on the
Altmuhl, with 2 churches ; 5 W. Weissenburg.
Pop. 650.
Beron, or Benin, t. Silesia, in Ratibor ; 9
NE. Pies.
Beronbell, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 3 SW. Atfieh.
Beroa, country, Africa, bounded N. by Saha
ra, E. by Tombuctoo, S. by Masina and Bam-
barra, and W. by Ludamar; about 240 miles in
length from E. to W. and from 30 to 70 broad.
Walet appears to be the chief town. Lon. 1.
to 5. W. Lat 12. 10. to 13. 30. N.
Beroudge, X. Hind., in Lahore ; HON. La
hore. Lon. 71. 35. E. Lat. 32. 34. N.
Berowtey, X. Hind., in Benares; 20 E. Gazy-
pour. Berraddy, X. Bengal ; 5 E. Boglipour.
Berri, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
13 W. Aix„ 25 S. Apt. Lon. 5. 9. E. Lat. 43.
22. N. Pop. 1.660. It is situated at the mouth
of a river running into the Lake of Martigues,
otherwise called the Lake of Berre ; in an un
healthy climate. It was formerly one of the
strongest towns of Provence.
Berroom, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 46 WSW.
Kairabad. Berry, or Berri, before the revolution a pro
vince of France, of which Bourges was the
capital ; bounded E. by Nivernois, S. by
Bourbonnois and Marche, W. by Poitou, and
N. by Orleannois. Berry is fertile in corn, fruit,
wine, and pasturage ; and contains also some
mines of silver, iron, and ochre.
Berry Islands, cluster of small islands among
the Bahamas. Lon. 78. 0. W. Lat. 25. 50. N.
Berry's Lick, p-v. Logan co. Kentucky ; W .
745. Berrysville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. ; W.
460. Berrydale Ness, cape on the coast of Caith
ness. Lon. 3. 23. W. Lat 58. N.
Bersabea, or Begbelin, or Bianco Guardia,
castle or fortress, Palestine, near the town oi
Ascalon ; built by the Christians in 1133, to
keep the inhabitants of the town in awe, and
committed to the care of the knights of St.
John. Bersagia, X. Turkestan ; 40 ENE. Turkestan.
Bersana, X. Hind.; 55 S. Delhi.

Bersch, t. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 20 SW.
Fort Vauban. Pop. 1,878.
Berschetz, X. Aust, Illyria, circle of Fiume, in
Istria; 13 S. Fiume, 38 SE. Trieste. Lon. 14.
35. E. Lat. 45. 27. N. Pop. 884.
Bersel, (an. Barsalium,) X. A. Turkey, in Ma
rasch, on the Euphrates ; 50 S. Malatia.
Bersello, or Brisello, (an. Brixellum,) X. Italy,
in Modena, on the Po ; 10 NE. Parma, 27 NW.
Modena. Lon. 10. 30. E. Lat. 44. 55. N. Pop.
4,000. The town is small but strong, and de
fended with a castle.
Berskoi, t. Russia, in Kolivan; 20 NE. Koli
van. Bert, see Brit.
Bertelsdorf X. Bav. ; 6 SSE. Closter Heils--
bronn. Berleszti, X. Walachia; 21 SW. Ibriali.
Berliner, t. Lower-Canada, on the St. Law
rence, about midway between Montreal and
Three Rivers. It consists of upwards of 80
houses, mostly on one street, and well built. It
is a place of great resort and some trade.
Bertie, t, Upper-Canada, W. the Niagara.
Bertie, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
11,218; Slaves 6,059. Pop. in 1820, 10,805.
Chief town, Windsor.
Berthc-ls, X. Austria ; 5 WNW. Zwelt.
Berthoncelles, X. France, in Orne ; 13 NE.
Bellesme. - Berlinero, or Bertinoro, (an. Forum Fruenti-
norum,) t. Italy, States of the Church, in Raven
na ; 5 E. Forli, 15 S. Ravenna. Lon. 12. 7. E.
Lat. 44. 9. N. Pop. 3,500. Bp. See. It is si
tuated on a hill, and defended by a citadel.
Berlingen, X. Prussia; 4 S. Allenstein.
Bertioga, s-p. Brazil ; 15 S. St. Sebastian. ft
is a small town, with a good harbour.
Bertoncourt, X. France, Moselle, and district
ofBourlay; 10 NE. Metz.
Bertonico, t. Italy, -Cremona; 9 SE. Lodi.
Berlrimoulier, X. France, in Vosges ; 4 E. St.
Diey. Berlsdorf X. Saxony, in Lusatia, district of
Zittau. Pop. 1,600.
Bertula, X. Finland ; 34 WSW. Tavasthus.
Beruga, small isl. near W. coast of Mexico,
in Salinas Bay. Lon. 84. 46. W. Lat. 10.20. N.
Bervie, or Inverbervie, s-p. Scot, in Kincar
dine ; 13 N. Montrose, 23 S. Aberdeen. Lon.
2. 16. W. Lat. 56. 49. N. Pop. 927,. It is si
tuated on a river of the same name, near the
mouth, which forms a bay in the German
Ocean, called Bervie Bay.
Bervie Brow, see Craig Davie.
Bervine, or Dalem, r. Netherlands, which pass- .
es by Dalem, and runs into the Meuse, near
Viset. Beruma, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 20 W. Sahar.
Berus, X. France, in Moselle, district of Sar-
Louis ; 2 E. Bouzonville, 4 SW. Sar-Louis.
Berun, or Bierun, X. Pru. Silesia, in Qppeln;
9 NNE. Plesz. Lon. 19. I.E. Lat. 50. 3. N
Pop. 402.
Berury,- 1. Hind., Allahabad; 22 W. Currab.
Berwick in Elmet, v. Eng., in York, once a
royal villa, and surrounded with walls ; 3 W.
Aberford. Berwick, t York co. Maine, on E. side of Sal
mon Fall river ; 14 NW. York, 76 NNE. Bos
ton. Fop. 2.736.

BER

184 BES

Berwick (South,) p-t. York co. Maine, on E.
side of Salmon Fall river ; 4E. Dover, 12 NW.
York, 17 N. by W. Portsmouth. W.544. Pop.
1,475. It is a pleasant and considerable town,
contains an academy, and has some trade.
There is a landing at the falls in the river, near
which there is a considerable village.
Berwick, p-t. Columbia co. Pa., on N. side of
the Susquehanna, at Nescopeck Falls ; 35
ENE. Sunbury, 160 NM . Philadelphia, W. 199.
It is a considerable town, pleasantly situated,
and has some trade. Here is a bridge across
the river.
Berwick, or Abbotslawn, p-t. York co. Pa.;
15 WSW. York, 103 W. Philadelphia. Pop.
1,207. It has a considerable village, which is
regularly laid out.
Berwick, (North,) X. Scot, in Haddington, on
the coast of the German ocean, at S. side of the
entrance into the Frith of Forth ; 9 N. Had
dington, 22 E. Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 24. W. Lat.
56. 5. N. Pop. 1727.
Berwick-upon-Tweed, (an. Tuesis,) X. Eng.,
on N., or Scotch side of the Tweed, and a coun
ty of itself, regularly fortified with walls, bas
tions, and ditches ; 54 SE. Edinburgh, 335. NW.
London. Lon.2. 0. W. Lat.55. 47. N. Pop.
7,746. It formerly belonged to Scotland, and
was the capital of the county of Berwick, but
was ceded to England in 1502. The chief trade
consists in exporting corn, pork, eggs, and sal
mon. The town has been of late much improv
ed, and the streets are well paved. The bridge
¦over the Tweed is 1,164 feet long, and contains
<5 arches. The barracks can accommodate 600
men. Berwick sends 2 members to parliament,
and has markets on Wednesday and Saturday.
Berwickshire, maritime county, Scotland,
bounded NW. by Haddingtonshire ; NE. by the
German sea; S. by Northumberland and Rox-
burgshire, from both which it is separated by
the Tweed, from the former wholly, from the
latter in part only ; and W. by the counties of
Roxburgh and Edinburgh : about 30 miles in
length from E. to W. and 16 in breadth. It was
anciently inhabited by a people called Ordolu-
tee, a branch of the Scottadeni. It was after
wards called Mers, or Merch, from its being
the boundary between the two kingdoms. It
is now divided into Mers, Lammermuir, and
Lauderdale. Mers is the southern part, border
ing on the Tweed, well watered by the Black
and White Water, two rivers which unite, and
afterwards run into the Tweed about two miles
above Berwick. It is fertile, and produces
plenty of corn and hay. The chief towns are
Dunse, Greenlaw, Eyemouth, Lauder, Cold
stream, and Cockburnspath. Pop.' 30,729.
Families 6,867; 3,124 engaged in agriculture.
Sq. m.446.
Berygan, X. Africa, belonging to the Beni-
Mezab ; 27 E. Gardeiah.
Berylus, now Bairout.
Berza, X. Spain, in Catalonia.
Berzeh, or Berzieh, (an. Lysias,) X. Syria, in
pachalic of Damascus ; 4 N. Damascus. Near
this place it is said Abraham overtook the four
kings when he delivered Lot.
Berzo, X. Italy; 11 NNW. Breno.
Berzowitz, X. Hungary ; 12 NNE. Leutsch.

Berzum, t. Switz., in Tesino ; 10 NW. Lo
carno. Berzyna, X. Russia, Minsk; 42 NNE. Minsk.
Besagno, r. which rises in the Apennines, and
runs into the sea, at Genoa.
Besalu; X. Spain, in Catalonia, at the foot of
the Pyrenees ; 15 N. Gerona, 21 from the Med
iterranean. It had anciently its particular
counts. Besangon, (an. Civilas Sequanorum, Chryso-
polis, Visontium, or Vesonlio,) city, France, and
capital of Doubs ; before the revolution, the
capital of Frahche Comte ; 26 posts SSW.
Strasburg, 48 ESE. Paris. Lon. 6. 3. E. Lat,
47. 14. N. Pop. 28,436. H. 3,293. Abp. see.
Besancon is situated in a valley between moun
tains on the Doubs, whose waters almost sur
round and divide it into Upper and Lower
town, joined by a handsome bridge. It has 6
gates, 3 to the upper and 3 to the lower town.
It is strong both by art and nature, being de
fended by a wall flanked with 8 towers like
bastions ; the citadel Is a long square, built on
a sharp rock. It is well built, and contains 8
churches, 8 hospitals, a military school, a pub
lic libraiy, a botanic garden, a museum, and a
cabinet of natural history. It formerly had a
university, which was dissolved in the revolu
tion ; instead of which there is now an academy
with 2 faculties. The manufactures and trade
are considerable. — Native, Millot.
Besanni, t. Persia, in Chusistan ; 20 W. Jon-
desabur, 50 NW. Tosta.
Besbicus, now Calo-Limno.
Besca, X. SE. coast of Veglia ; 9 E. Veglia.
Besborough, isl. in Norton-Sound, on W. coast
of N. A. Lon. 161. 15. W. Lat. 64. 10. N.
Bescheck, lake, Macedonia, 12 miles long and
7 broad, near the smaller lake of St. Basil, with
2 towns near, called Greater and Less Bes
check. Beschtan, or Five Mountains, mt. A. Russia,
in Caucasus ; 30 miles from Georgievsk. It is
composed of limestone, and forms the most
northern of the Caucasian chain. At the foot
of the mountain is an establishment of British
•missionaries, who have a printing press.
Bescara, see Biseara.
Bescon, X. France, in Maine-and-Loire ; 7 W.
Angers. H. 230.
Beselpour, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 10 NE
Joodpour. Beserg Henlu, or Beserghenlu, t. A. Turkey,
in Caramania ; 24 N. Akserai.
Besestadl, or Bessa-Slader, s-p. on W. coast of
Iceland ; 45 W. Skalholt Lon. 21. 54. W. Lat.
64. 6. N.
Beshlivai, X. Circassia ; 27 NW. Eskikesek.
Besouki, X. Java, in NE. part of the island, 3
leagues from the coast. Lon. 113. 50. E. Lat
7. 45. N.
Beshnapour, t Bengal ; 24 S. Calcutta.
Bessan, X. France, Herault; 10 E. Beziers.
Bessaraba, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 6 5,
Ruseek, 48 N. Ternova.
Bessarabia, or Budziac Tartary, small counr
try, Europe, bounded W. by Moldavia, S. by
the Danube, E. by the Black Sea, and N. by
Russia. The inhabitants are the Budziac Tar
tars, The country was of old inhabited bythe

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Arpii, a people of Lower Maesia, and it was
called the Desert of the Geta. It became after
wards annexed to the kingdom of Hungary,
and then to Moldavia. In 1812 it was ceded
by Turkey to Russia. It is partly marshy, and
partly mountainous. The chief towns are Ben
der, Akerman, Kilia, and Ismail. Pop. 233,000.
Sq. m. 18,020.
Bessau, X. Africa, on the Grain coast. Lon. 9.
40. W. Lat. 5.50. N.
Bessay, X. France, in Allier ; 8 S. Moulins.
Bessee, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Puy-de-D6me ; 13 W. Issoire, 18 S.
Clermont. Lon. 3. I.E. Lat. 45. 31. N. Pop.
1,338. Bessee, X. France, in Var ; 6 SE. Brignols.
Bessei, X. France, in Sarte, on the river
Braye ; 3 S. St. Calais. Pop. 1,800.
. Bessenay, X. France, in Rhone ; 12 W. Lyons.
Pop. 1,400..
Bessenbaeh, t. Bavaria ; 6 E. Aschaffenburg.
Besserne, small isl. Denmark ; 2 SE. Veyeroe.
Bessieres, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 15
NE. Toulouse.
Bessigheim, or Besigheim, t. Wurtemberg, at
the conflux of the Ens and Neckar ; 23 N. Stutt
gart. Lon. 9. 15. E. Lat. 49. 2. N. Pop. 1,960.
^Bessin, before the revolution a small country
of France, in Lower Normandy, near the sea
coast Bessines, X. France, in Upper-Vienne ; 18 N.
Limoges. Pop. 2,513.
Bessonie, (La,) X. France, in Tarn ; 9 NNE.
Castres, 15 SSE. Alby.
Bessy-Bell, mt. Irelahd, in the county of Ty
rone ; 10 S. Strabane.
Best, X. Persia, in Farsistan.; 10 NE. Yesd.
Bestaad, X. Norway ; 36 NNE. Drontheim.
Bestendorf X. Prussia, in Oberland ; 4 W.
Morungeh. Besudagunge, X. Hind., in Malwa; 14 NNW.
Andeah. Bestarozin, or Beszermeny, X. Hungary ; 8
NNW. Debreczin.
Betah, X. Bengal ; 36 SW. Burdwan.
Betaisor, X. Hind., in Agra, on the Jumnah ;
32 SSE. Agra.
Betamore-Head, cape on W. coast of the isl
and of Skye. Lon. 6. 43. W. Lat 57. 26. N.
Betamungulum, t. Hind., in Mysore; 9 W.
Bangalore. Betangos, or Betanzos, X. Spain, in Galicia,
anciently Flavium Brigantium, or Flaviobriga;
32 NW. Lugo, 33 NNE. Compostello. Lon. 8.
12. W. Lat. 43. 20. N. Pop. 1,600.
Belancuria, X. on W. coast of Fuerteventura,
one of the Canary islands. Lon. 14. 4. W. Lat
28. 20. N.
Beteba, X. Africa, Calbari; 20 NNE . Moneba.
Beteenan, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipel
ago. Lon. 121. 30. E. Lat. 6. 2. N.
Beteiah, t. Nigritia. Lon. 25. 12. E. Lat. 11
55. N.
Betel Island, small isl. in the gulf of Cam-
bay, near the coast of Guzerat ; 25 ENE. Diu.
Lon. 70. 20. E. Lat. 20. 40. N.
Beter Ras, X. Palestine, NE. of the Dead Sea,
and S. of the ancient town of Abil. Here are
numerous caverns, some of which are inhabited.
Beteru, X. Hind., Allahabad ; 15 Gazypour.
Vol. I. ''&

Beteskoe, X. Siberia, on W. side of the Irfiscli;
230 SE. Tobolsk.
Belhabara, Moravian town, Stokes co. N. C. ;
4 SE. Bethania.
Bethabara, X. Palestine, on E.side of the Jor
dan ; 38 NNE, Jerusalem.
Bethania, or Bethany, p-t. Stokes co. N. C. ;
4 NW. Bethabara, 9 NW. Salem, 10 SW. Ger-
mantown, W. 368. It is a Moravian town,
containing about 200 inhabitants.
Bethany, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 10 SSE.
Batavia, W. 397. Pop. 1,691.
Bethany, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. Pa. ; 50
NE, Wilkesbarre, W. 279. Pop. 193.
Bethany, v. Palestine; 2 E. Jerusalem. It
contains only a few families. Here is now-
shewn a grotto pretended to be the sepulchre
of Lazarus. It is entered by a descent of 28
stone steps, where is a room about 8 feet square ;
on the east and west sides are tombs cut in the
solid rock. The houses of Simon the leper and
Mary and Martha are pretended to be shewn.
Bethany, X. Palestine ; 15 N. Jerusalem.
Bethel, or Bethaven, v. Palestine ; 12 N. Je
rusalem. Here are the ruins of a village and
of a monasteiy, situated where Jacob is suppos
ed to have been.
Bethel, p-t. Oxford co Maine ; 18 NW. Paris.
170 NNE. Boston, W. 598. Pop! 1,267.
Bethel, X. Windsor co. Vt. ; 29 NNW. Wind
sor. Pop. 1,318.
Bethil, p-t Sullivan co. N. Y.; 60 W. New-
burg. W. 307. Pop. 1,096.
Bethel, X. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,083.
Bethel, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,294.
Bethel, X. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 324.
Bethel, X. Lebanon co. Pa. at the foot of the
Blue Mountain. Pop. 2,538.
Bethel, X. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 1,043.
Bethel, p-t Clermont co. Ohio ; W. 656.
Bethel, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 970.
Bethel, X. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 164.
Bethelfaeui, X. Arabia Felix ; 25 miles from
the Red Sea. Lon. 34. 40. E. Lat. 15. 40. N. It
is famous for its coffee.
Bethclsdorp, settlement, Africa, on W. side
of Algoa bay, about 600 E. Cape Town. Lon.
25. 30. E. Lat. 34. 4. S. Pop. 3,747. Since
1802 this has been a station of the London
Missionary Society, who have here 3 mission
aries, whose labours have been attended with
great success.
Bethesda, formerly Orlam's Kraal, settlement,
S. Africa, on Orange river, about 600 Cape
Town. The London Missionary Society have
a missionary here.
Bethienah, X. Palestine ; 10 NW. Jerusalem.
Bethlehem, X. Brabant; 2 N. Louvain.
Bethlehem, t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 28 NE. Ha
verhill. Pop. 467.
Bethlem, or Bethlehem/; p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. ;
8 S. Litchfield, 33 NNW. New-Haven, W. 326.
Pop. 932.
Bethlehem, p-t. Albany co. N. Y., W. side of
the Hudson ; 8 SW. Albany, W. 357. Pop. in
1810, 4,430; in 1820, 5,114,
Bethlehem, or Bethlem, t. Hunterdon co. N.
J. ; 12 SE. Easton, Pa. Pop. 2,002.
Bethlehem, bor. and p-t. Northampton co.
Pa., on the Lehigh ; 12 SW. Easton, 54 NNW.

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Philadelphia, W. 189. Pop. in 1810,1,436; in
1820, 1,860. It is pleasantly situated, regularly
laid out, built chiefly of stone, and inhabited
wholly by Moravians. Here are 2 academies,
one for young ladies, and another for boys,
which are in high repute.
Bethlehem, p-v. Clark co. Indiana ; W. 547.
Bethlehem's Creek, or Vlaman's Kill, r. Alba
ny co. N. Y., which runs into the Hudson, 7 S.
Albany. Bethlehem, (East,) X. Washington co. Pa., on
W. side of the Monongahela. Fop. 2,239.
Bethlehem, (West,) X. Washington co. Pa.
Pop. 2,187.
Bethlehem, X. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 4S9.
Bethlehem Cross Roads, p-v., Southampton co.
Va. ; W. 208.
Bethlehem, t. Palestine ; 6 S. Jerusalem. Pop.
upwards of 2,500 ; 1,500 Catholics, 1000 Greeks,
a few Armenians and Turks. It was anciently
called Bethlehem of Judah, or Bethlehem Ephra-
lah, to distinguish it from another Bethlehem in
Zebulun. Though never distinguished for the
number or wealth of its inhabitants, it became
memorable for the birth of David, the royal
Psalmist, and still more so for the birth of our
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ For which
reason, though reduced to a village, it has ever
been regarded as a place of high renown, and
as such is much visited by travellers and pil
grims. It is finely situated on a considerable emi
nence, in a fertile and pleasant country, abound
ing in hills and valleys, covered with vines and
olives. It contains a magnificent church, built
by the empress Helena, in the form of a cross,
and said to be on the place of the nativity. The
convent is a great solid structure, rather 're
sembling a fortification, and includes 3 monas
teries for Catholics, Greeks and Armenians ;
but in 1807 it had only 10 monks. In a subter
raneous grotto, now contained within the walls
of the convent, a small marble basin is shewn,
which is affirmed to be the manger in which
our Saviour was laid, and the whole grotto is
enriched by numerous silver and crystal lamps.
The country south of Bethlehem is called in the
New Testament the Hill-country ofJudea. The
present inhabitants of the town are said to be
turbulent, but industrious.
Betlmal, see Bednal.
Bethoron, or Bethoor, t. Palestine ; 20 W. Je
rusalem .
Bethphage, v. Judea, near the foot of the
Mount of Olives, and near Bethany, 2 miles
from Jerusalem.
Belhshemesh, ancient city of Judah ; 30 miles
from Jerusalem.
Bcthshemesh, see Malarea.
Beihsaida, now Baitsida.
Bethsan, see Baisan.
Bcthulia, now Safad.
Bethune, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Straits-of-Calais ; 3-J posts N. Arras,
and 25f N. Palis. Lon. 2. 44. E. Lat. 50. 32. N.
Pop. 6,046.
Beli, X. Africa, in Whidah ; 11 WNW. Sabi.
Bdigola, X. Samogitia ; 10 SSE. Rosienne.
Belimieh, t. Syria ; 20 SW. Damascus.
Betiqua, t Africa, in Congo.

Betitlo, t. Morea ; 22 S. Misitra.
Betius, now Bardvil.
Betley, t. Eng., in Staffordshire, with a mar
ket on Tuesday; 5 NW. New Castle-under-
Line, 156 NNW. London. Pop. 761.
Bellis, or Bedlis, or Bidlis, X. Curdistan, in
Van; 100 N. Mosul, 110 E. Diarbekir. Lon.
42. E. Lat. 3S. 10. N. It is situated on the river
Khabur, between two high mountains, which
are about a cannon-shot from each other. It
is a handsome town, well built ; the houses are
of hewn stone. The population of the town
and neighbouring villages is computed at26;000;
consisting of about an equal number of Chris
tians and Mahometans. It was formerly the
capital, and is now the residence of a Curd
prince, who resides in a castle, placed in the
centre of the town. This prince is neither sub
ject to the king of Persia, nor the Turkish em
peror, and commands an army of 20,000 or
25,000 horsemen, besides infantry.
Betoov, X. Hind., in Oude ; 30 S. Canoge.
Belowky, X. Samogitia ; 16 W. Rosienne.
Betschkow, X.. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 9 NW.
Czaslau. Belsiamiles, r. Canada, which runs into the
St. Lawrence, near Dive-bay.
Belsies River, c. N. America, which runs into
Lake Michigan, Lon. 85. 28. W. Lat. 44. 30. N.
Belsimiaras, people, Madagascar, residing1
near Faul Point.
Betskerek, see Nagy-Becsherek.
Betta, t. A. Turkey ; 70 SSW. Erzerum.
Bettaw, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 12 NNE. Bahar.'
Betiay, X. Bengal, Raujeshy ; 3 ESE. Moor-
shedabad. Beltendorf X. Netherlands, in Luxemburg,
on the Sour ; 4 above Echternach. Pop. 679.
Betlenfield, X. Bav. ; 3 SW. Rothenburg.
Beltenfield, X. Bav. ; 3 SSW. Graffenberg.
Bellenhausen, X. Ger., in Meinungen ; 7 W.
Meinungen. Bellenhofen, X. France, Lower-Rhine. Pop.
700. Betlenhoven, X. Pru., Lower-Rhine ; 8 E. Ju
liers. Pop. 1,S00.
Bettiah, or Chdmparan, pr. Bahar, bounded
N. by Napaul, E. by Tyroot, S. by Hajypour,
and SW. by the Gunduck," about 80 miles long,
and from 10 to 32 broad. Bettiah is the capital.
Bettiah, city, Hind., and capital of a province
in Bahar; 80 NNW. Patna, 325 NW. Calcutta.
Lon. 84, 26. E. Lat. 27. 3. N.
Bettingen, X. Pru., in Westphalia ; 3 N. Ge-
roldstein. Bettingen, X. Switz. ; 35 SE. Berne.
Belton, r. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, and
district of Rennes ; 4 N. Rennes.
Betton's Island, small isl. in N. Pacific Ocean,
near the coast of Revilla-Gigedo. Lon. 228.
28. E. Lat. 55. 21. N. >
Bettooriah, pr. Bengal, bounded N. by Gora-
got, Shalberis, and Dinagepour, E.by Burbaz-
zoo, Attyah, and Dacca, S. by Paatpassar, and
W. by Dinagepour, Raujeshy, and Luckespour ;
abqut 100 miles long, and from 20 to 50 broad.
Nattore is the capital.
Bcltsburg, p-v. in Jerusalem, N. York ;W. 307.
Beltyah, X. Bengal ; 15 S. Ghidore.
Beluwe, or Beluve, or Betaw, or Batavia, dis1

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187

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tricl, Holland, in the duchy of Gueldcrs,
which lies between the Meuse and the Leek.
- Belwa, X. Bahar ; 17 NE. Durbungah.
Betwah,r. Hind., which rises S. of Bopal, in
Malwa, and after a NE. course of 340 miles,
flows into the Jumna, 25 SE. Calpy.
Betzendorf, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Magde
burg; 8 Salzwedel, 26 W. Stendal. Lon. 11.
18. E. Lat. 52. 39. N. Pop. 646.
Belzenslein, X. Bavaria, circle of the Rezat ;
19 NE. Nuremberg. H. 75.
Betzini, t. Circassia, on S. side of the Cuban.
Lon. 42. 29. E. /Lat 44. 40. N.
Betzervan, or Marsan, X. Persia, in Adirbeit
zan : 100 NE. Tauris.
Betzko, t. Hungary ; 18 W. Topoltzan.
Bevagnd, (an. Mevania,) X. Spoleto ; 12 SSE.
Perugia, 15 NW. Spoleto.
Bevais, X. Switz., in Neufchatel ; 6 S. Neuf-
chatel. Beveeum, X. Brabant ; 8 SE. Louvain.
Beveland, (North,) isl. in the state of Zealand,
formed by the divided branches of the Scheldt ;
about 6 miles long, and 4 broad. Lon. 3. 41. E.
Lat. 51. 31. N.
Beveland, (Zuit, or South,) island, in the
Scheldt, belonging to the state of Zealand;
near 24 miles long, and 7 wide, with the town
of ^oes, and several villages. Lon. 3. 48. E.
Lat 51. 31. N.
Bever, r. Ger. which rises 3 W, Arensberg,
and runs into the Roer, 1 N. Wenden.
Bever, r, Ger., which runs into the Weser, near
Beverungen, Bever, r. Ger., which rises near Ravensberg,
and runs into the Emhs, 2 N. Telget.
Bever-Head, Cape on SE. coast of Nova-Sco
tia. Lon. 62. 20. W. Lat. 44. 42. N.
Bevera, r. Italy, which passes by Sospello,
and runs into the Roia, 2 N. Vintimiglia.
Beverey, small isl. in the Severn, near Wor
cester. Bevergern, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine, situated in
the midst of a morass, near a salt spring ; 21
N. Munster. Pop. 760.
Beverlacke, r. Ger., which runs into the Aland,
3 S. Seehausen, in Brandenburg.
Beverley, X. Eng., in East Riding of York
shire ; 8 NW. Hull, 30 ESE. York, 183 N. Lon
don. Pop. 6,027. It is of great antiquity.
The sessions for the East Riding of York are al
ways held here. Its principal manufactures
are malt, oatmeal, and tanned leather ; but the
poor people subsist mostly by making lace.
Here are two markets, on Wednesday for cat
tle, and on Saturday for corn.
Beverly, p-t. and s-p. Essex co. Mass. ; IA N.
Salem, 16 NNE. Boston, W.-454. Lon. 70. 53.
W. Lat. 42. 35. N. Pop. in 1810, 4,608 ; in
1820, 4,283. It is connected with Salem by
a bridge 1,500 feet in length. It contains 4
meeting houses, 3 for Congregationalists, and
1 for Baptists, a bank, and an insurance office.
It is a place of some trade, and is largely con
cerned in the fisheries.
Beverly, p-t. and cap. Randolph co. Va. ; 50
W. by N. Franklin, 260 WNW. Richmond, W.
129. It is handsomely situated between two
branches of Tygart's Valley river, and is laid out
in 3 parallel streets. It contains a brick court

house, a jail, and is a place of considerable
business. Bevern, X. Ger., in Brunswick, on the Weser ;
20 W. Eimbeck. Pop. 1 ,050.
Beveron, r. France, which runs into the
Drance, 4 SW. Evian.
Beverone de Sopra, X. Friuli ; 14 SSW. Bel
grade. Beverone di Solto, X. Friuli ; 14 SSW. Belgrado.
Beversladt, X. Hanover, in Bremen , 24 N.
Bremen. Pop. 1,964.
Beverungen, X. Pru., in Minden, at the conflux
of the Bever and the Wesel ; near it arc springs
of salt water; 26 SE. Paderborn. Pop. 1,565.
Beverwyck, X. North-Holland, with a small
harbour, in the Wyckermeer, a continuation of
the Ye ; 9 N. Haarlem. Pop. 1,707.
Beuf River, r. N. A., which runs into the Mis
sissippi, Lon. 91. 34. W. Lat. 39. 15. N.
Beuf River, r. N. A., which runs into the Mis
souri, Lon. 91. 45. W. Lat. 38. 25. N.
Beufila, now Heboud.
Bevieux, v. Switz., in the canton of Berne ;
3 S. Aigle. Pop. 550. It is celebrated for its
salt-works, which produce annually about
15,000 quintals of salt.
Bevilacqua, X. Italy, in the Veronese ; 4 NE.
Legnano. Beuil, see Boglio.
Bevolona, X. Italy, Bressan; 13 S. Verona.
Beura, X. Bengal; 60 SSW. Dacca.
Beurey, X. France, in Meuse; 4 W. Bar-le-
Duc, 7 N. St. Dizier.
Beurfelden, t. Hesse Darmstadt ; 5 S. Er-
bach. Beurre, X. France, Doubs ; 2 S. Besancon.
Beutelspach, or Budelspach, X Wurtemberg;
8 SE. Stuttgart. Pop. 1,650.
Beuten, X. Pru. ; 3 SW. Ziegenbruclc.
Beulershiem, X. Bav., pr. Rhine ; 6 S. Worms.
Beulhen, (Nieder,) X. Pru. Silesia, in Liegnitz,
capital of the principality of Carolath, on the
Oder ; 13 WNW. Gros Glogau. Lon. 15. 50. E.
Lat. 51. 42 N. Pop. 2,586. It has a castle and
a college. Beulhen, (Ober,) or Bilhorn, X. Fru. Silesia, in
Oppeln, capital of a lordship ; 32 NE. Ratibor,
40 ESE. Oppeln. Lon. 18. 53. E. Lat. 15. 18.
N. Pop. 1,848. Near it is a silver mine.
Beutkovea, t. Prussia, Natangen ; 8 S. Lick.
Beutingen, X. Wurt. ; 4W. Ohringen.
Beutschen, X. Pru. Posen ; 44 W. Posen.
Beuvron, X. France, Calvados ; 12 S. Caen.
Beuvron, r. France, which runs into the Loire,
6 miles below Blois.
Beuvry, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 2 E.
Bethune. Beuzeville, X. France, in Eure; 7 Wi Pont
Audemer. Pop. 2,260.
Beweastle, v. Eng., in Cumberland, on the
Line, remarkable for some Roman antiquities,
and a famous obelisk.
Bewdley, or Beaulieu, X. Eng., in Worcester,
on the Severn ; 3 W. Kidderminster,. 14 N. Wor
cester, 128 NW. London. Pop. 3,454. It takes
its present name from its agreeable situation
on the declivity of a hill over the western bank
of the Severn. It sends two members to par
liament. Bewr, X. Hind., Bahar ; 23 SSW. Fatr.a-h.

BEZ

188

BIA

Bex, fan. Bacca,) X. Switz., in Vaud ; 36 NE.
Geneva, 43 SSW. Berne. Lon. 6. 52. E. Lat.
46. 47. N. It is situated about 2,500 feet above
the sea, enclosed by stupendous mountains, and
one of the most important passes into Italy. It
has salt works.
Bexia, X. Spain, in Valencia ; 13 N. Segorbe.
Pop. 1,000.
Beyad, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 200 WNW.
Herat. Beydh, r. India, in Lahore, which runs into
the Setledge, at Firosepour. It flows S. about
200 miles, and afterwards turns to the west.
Its whole course is about 350 miles.
Beyan, t. Curdistan ; 60 N. Sherezur.
Beybazan, X. A. Turkey, on a branch of the
Sakaria; 22 Sevrihissar, 33 Aias. H. 1,000.
Beyenberg, or Bienburg, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine,
on the Wipper ; 3 N. Lennep.
Beyenfleth, X. Holstein ; 5 NW. Glnckstadt.
Beyerlack, r. Brandenburg, which runs into
the Aland, 3 S. Sechausen.
Beyerland, isl. Holland, in the Meuse, with
a town of the same name ; 12 W. Dort.
Beyliar, or Coos-Beyhar, X. Bengal, and capi
tal of the circar of Coos-Beyhar, on the Tore-
sha ; 82 N. Dacca, 110 NE. Calcutta. Lon. 89.
34. E. Lat. 26. 20. N. The inhabitants have a
wretched appearance, and the lower ranks
without scruple sell their children for slaves.
Beyharting, X. Bavaria ; 24 ESE. Munich.
Beykaneer, pr. in NE. part of Hind., bound
ed N. by the countiy of the Batnians, E. by
Hurinah, S. by Jypore and Joudpore, and W.
by the desert. The soil is unproductive.
Beykaneer, capital of the province of Bey
kaneer; itjis a large well built town, surround
ed by a wall.
Beylah, t. Africa; 60 NE. Sennaar.
Beyoor, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 6 SE. Banga
lore. Beypour, X. Hind., on the coast of Malabar ;
16 S. Calicut. H. 120.
Beyramitch, city, Natolia, capital of Troas, on
the Mender ; 60 miles from the Dardanelles.
It is a large place filled with shops. The houses
seem better built, and more regularly disposed,
than in Constantinople. If contains a number
of antiquities. The plain of Beyramitch is ve
ry beautiful, and cultivated like a garden.
Beyssac an Segur, t. France, in Correze ; 20
S. Limoges. H. 280.
Beyt, district, Lahore, E. of the Behat.
Bezaba, r. Spain which runs into the Orio, in
the province of Guipuscoa.
Bezabde, now Gezirat ibn Omar.
Bezdelkino, X. Siberia ; 80 N. Balaganskoi.
Bczdzies, t. Russ. Grodno ; 24 W. Pinsk.
Beze, t. France, COte-d'Or, and district of Is-
sur-Tille; 7 ESE. Is-sur-Tille, 10 W. Gray.
Bezenslein, or Petzenstein, t Bavaria, circle of
the Rezat ; 19 NE. Nuremberg, 26 SE, Bam
berg. H. 75.
Bezetzsk, t. Russia, in Tver ; 48 NNE. Tver,
260 SE. Petersburg. Lon. 36. 44. E. Lat. 58.
30. N.
Besslhen, X. Transylvania; 12 NNE. Bistriz.
Beziers, (an. Basterra,) city, France, and
principal place of a district, in Herault, on the
left bank of the Orbe, not far from the grand

canal ; 3 posts NE. Narbonne, 108 SSE. Paris.
Lon. 3. 13. E. Lat. 43. 20. N. Pop. 14,535.
H. 2,406. It is finely situated in a very roman
tic countiy, well built, and has considerable
trade in almonds, olive oil, muscadel wine,
brandy, corn, nuts, soda, silk ; and has some
manufactures. Before the revolution it was the
seat of a governor, and the see of a bishop.
The cathedral was small, but beautiful ; it had,
besides, one collegiate church, 1 1 churches, sev
eral religious houses, 2 hospitals, a college, and
an academy of sciences for 37 members. It is
surrounded by a wall flanked with old towers,
and bad bastions.-— Native, Barbeyrac.
Bezzama Marcella, t. Naples, in Otranto ; 10
NE. Tarento.
Bezoara, X. Hind., in Condapilly ; 15 SE.
Condapilly. Bezyngilis, now Pegu.
Bhadrinath, X. Sirinagur, on the Alcanunda.
Lon. 79. 38. E. Lat. 30. 43. N. The town
contains only 20 or 30 huts, and a celebrated
temple. The number of pilgrims, that visit the
place annually, is estimated at 50,000.
Bhagalcotta, X. Hind., in Visiapour, on a river
which runs into the Kistnah ; 16 N. Baddammy,
65 S. Visiapour.
Bhagirathi, a head branch of the Gahges ;
usually accounted the principal branch, though
the Alacanauda is said to be larger.
Bhagvmntgur, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 55 SSE.
Jyenagur. Bhaiawar, t. Guzerat ; 28 N. Junagur.
Bhajepour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 90 N. Lucknow.
Bhaki, X. Bengal, in Burdwan. Pop. 3,320.
Bhakor, see Behker.
Bliareh, or Bliarraghamy, X. Nepaul. Lon, 85.
25. E. Lat. 26. 50. N. It contains 30 or 40
huts. Bharlpour, X. and fortress, Hind., governed
by an independent rajah ; 36 W. Agra.
Bhatgar, or Bhatgong, see Batgan.
Shatter, X. Hind., Guzerat; 25 WNW. Go-go.
Bheerah, or Beherah, X. Hind., in Lahore, on
the Behat ; 90 W. Lahore. Lon. 72. 10. E. Lat.
33. 1. N.
Bheil, or Bhalsa, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 55 N,
by W. Lahore.
Bherwah, X. Hind., in Mewar ; 10 SW. Asa-
wully. Bhouseree, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 21 W.
Balkee. B^liorakeera, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 10 N. Sau-
rungpour. Bhotul, t. Hind., in Berar ; 20 NW. Maltoy.
Bhoderrah, circar, Bengal, bounded S. by
Soorore, and elsewhere by Dinagepour; nearly
of a sqare form, about 5 miles each way. By-
dell is the chief town.
Bhaider, X. Guzerat ; 40 W. Junagur.
Bhind, X. Hind., in Agra ; 26 ENE. Gohud.
Bhiroo, X. Hind., in Berar ; 18 S. Chanda.
Bhongaung, X. Hind., in Agra ; 56 E. Agra.
Bhorset, X. Hind., in Guzerat; 18 E. Cambay.
Bhurtpour, X. Hind., in Agra ; 24 WNW. Agra.
The Rajah is one of the principal chieftains of
the tribe of Jauts.
Biafara, or Biafsa, country, Africa, SE. of
Benin, with a capital of the same name. Lat.
4. N. *

BIB

189

BIC

Biafaraa, nation, Africa, N. the Rio Grande.
Lon. 13. to 14. 30. W. Lat. 11. to 12. N.
Biojoo, r. Borneo, which runs into the sea,
Lon. 114. 30. E. Lat. 3. 24. S.
Biola, see Zulst.
Biala, X. Austrian Galicia, on a river of the
same name ; 16 NE. Fescher. Lon. 23. 18. E.
Lat. 52. 1. N. Fop. 3,955.
Biala, X. Prussia, in Insterberg ; 100 SSE.
Konigsberg. Lon. 22. 18. E. Lat. 53. 22. N.
Bialacerkiev, t. Russia, in Kiev ; 60 SSW.
Kiev. Lon. 30. 10. E. Lat. 49. 44. N. Pop.
3,678. Bialagrodko, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 28 NNW.
Constantinov. Bialegrodko, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 14 SW. Kiev.
Bialla, t. Poland, Podlachia ; 16 SW. Brzesk ;
Pop. 2,713.
Biallistock, or Bialystock, X. Russia, in Grodno,
capital of a province of the same name, on the
Bialy ; 24 N. Beilsk. Lon. 22. 30. E. Lat. 53.
2. N. Pop. 3,370; of whom 1,729 are Jews.
It i6 an open town, with straight and well pav
ed streets, and contains a gymnasium. Pop. of
t>e province 183,300. Sq. m. 4,367.
Bialoboky, t Aust. Galicia ; 48 SW. Lemberg.
Bialogorod, X. Rus. Wilna ; 8 SE. Lida. Pop.
1,500. Bialutten, t. Prussia ; 8 S. Soldaw.
Bialykamien, t. Aust. Galicia, near the source
of tbje Bog ; 25 ENE. Lemberg.
Biana, X. Hind., in Agra ; 20 SW. Fattipour,
38 WSW. Agra. Lon. 77. 16. E. Lat. 26. 56. N.
This town preceded Agra, as the capital of the
province, and is still considerable, and contains
many large stone houses ; and the whole ridge
of the hill is covered with the remains of build
ings. It is famous for its indigo.
Bianabad, X. Persia, in Irak ; 25 N. Gnerden.
Bianca Guardia, see Bersabea.
Bianco, small isl. in the Adriatic, nea* the
coast of Istria. Lon. 13. 39. E. Lat. 45. 16. N.
Bianco, (Lo,) X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ;
12 NE. Bova.
Biandrate, X. Italy; 6 NW. Novara.
Biandrona, X. Italy, Milan ; 15 WSW. Como.
Biar, X. Spain, in Valencia ; 6 E. Villena.
Pop. 2,800. It is situated on a small river, which
runs into the Elda, on the confines of New Cas
tile. Its principal riches consist in honey, cel
ebrated for its whiteness and solidity, which is
not affected by weather.
Biaritz, or Biart, X. France, in Lower-Pyre
nees ; 5 SW. Bayonne. H. 270.
Biasca, t. Switz., in Riviera ; 5 N. Bellinzona.
Biban, X. Egypt, where a large cattle-market
is held every Monday ; 10 S. Demenhur.
Bibb, co. Alabama. Pop. 3,676. Chief town,
Centre ville.
Bibbiena, or Bibbona, X. Tuscany ; 15 N.
Arezzo, 25 E. Florence.
Bibbipour, X. Hind., Oude; 25 SE. Lucknow.
Bibeh, see Bebi.
Bibelgied, X. Bav. ; 3 ESE. Wurzburg.
Biben, X. Persia, in the Irak Agemi ; 140 E.
Ispahan. Biben, see Pedena.
Biber, X. Ger. ; 5 ESE. Frankfort on the
Maine. Pop. 700.
Biber, r, Swabia, which runs into the Danube,
near Leipheim.

Bibenhren, t. Bavaria ; 4 NE. Rottingcn.
Biberach, X. Wurtemberg, in Danube circle ;
16 SSW. Ulm, 48 WSW. Augsburg. Lon. 9. 47.
E. Lat. 48. 7. N. Pop. 4,317. It is situated
in a valley, watered by the Riess, near the
Danube. — Native, Wieland.
Biberbach, X. Bav., circle of the Upper-Dan
ube ; 7 NNW. Augsburg. Pop. 1,200. In one
of its churches is a crucifix accounted miracu
lous, and much resorted to.
Biberich, v. Ger., in Nassau, on the Rhine ;
2 Mentz. Here is a splendid castle.
Bibersburg, X. Hungary; 12 NE. Presburg.
Biberstein, X. Switz., in Bern, on the Aar,
nearly opposite Aarau.
Biberstein, t. and 'castle, Ger., in Hesse Cassel,
in Fulda; 8 E. Fulda. Pop. 573.
Bibert, r. Franconia, which runs into the
Rednitz, 2 miles above Furth.
Bibhee, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundlah ;' 20 SE.
Gurrah. Bibig, X. Egypt ; 2 S: Feium.
Bibigumdy Chok, X. Hind., in Moultan, on the
Indus* ; 67 N. Behker.
Bible Head, cape on E. of the island of Lewis.
Lon. 6. 7. W. Lat. 58. 12. N.
Bibligam, X. Ceylon ; 46 S. Candy.
Bibra, or Bebra, or Biebra, t. Pru. Merseburg ;
8 S. Querfurt, 10 W. Naumburg. Lon. 11.48. E.
Lat. 51. 15. N. H. 150.
Bibrach, X. Ger., in Baden, on the left bank
of the Kintzig ; 3 S. Gengenbach.
Bibrade, now Autun.
Bibrich, X. Ger., in Nassau Saarbruch Usin-
gen ; 3 SSW. Wisbaden.
Biburg, X. Bav., circle of the Iser. Pop. 1,031.
Bie Island, small isl. in the St. Lawrence, near
the coast of Canada. Lon. 68. 10. W. Lat. 48
30. N.
Bicam, X. New-Mexico, in Hiaqui ; 45 SW.
Riochico. Bicacong, t. Hind., in Candeish ; 50 S. Indore.
Bicari, r. Sicily, which runs into the Termini,
2 W. Sclafani.
Bicariah, X. Algiers ; 10 S. Tipsa.
Biccari, X. Naples, Capitanata ; 5 NW. Troja.
Biccialor, X. Napaul ; 24 S. Mocaumpour.
Bicester, Bisseter, or Burcester, X. Eng., in Ox
ford, with a large weekly market on Friday ;
16 WNW. Aylesbury, 54 WNW. London. Lon
1. 9. W. Lat. 51. 53. N. Pop. 1,921. The chief
manufacture is making of slippers.
Biche, r. America, which runs into lake Erie,
Lon. 81. 18. W. Lat 41. 50. N.
Biches, small isl. in the Straits of Malacca
Lon. 101. 27. E. Lat. 1. 48. N.
Bichni, X. Persia, Erivan ; 30 NNE. Erivan.
Bicholim, X. Hind., in Soonda ; 6 N. Goa.
Bickager, X. Norway ; 70 SSW. Drontheim.
Bickaneer, X. Hind., the capital of a circar or
district, in Agimere ; 42 W. Nagore, 80 WNW.
Agimere. Lon. 74. E. Lat. 27. 12. N. The ex
ternal appearance of (he city is splendid, but
within the walls its appearance is mean. The
country is sandy, desert, and in great want of
water. It is governed by a rajah.
Bickerabad, X. Candahar; 12 m.from Ghizni.
Bickerton's Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean
called by the natives Lattai. Lon. 174. 18. W.
Lat. 18. 47. &. R consists chiefly of a vast con-

BID

190

BIE

Seal mountain, the summit of which appears to
be burnt ; but the sides are covered with trees ;
and it is surrounded with a lower border, which
is fertile, and affords fresh water.
Bickrampour, t. Bengal ; 18 NNW. Kishena
gur. Bickrampour, X. Bengal, in Chittigong ; 5 S.
Islamabad. Bickrampour, X. Bengal ; 16 NW. Boglipour.
Bickut, X. Hind., in Agra; 35 E. Narwa.
Bicocco, X. Italy, in Milan ; 2 NE. Milan.
Bicqueley, X. France, in Meurte ; 3 S. Toul,
10 WSW. Nancy.
Biczow, see Bidschow.
Bidaboxa, X. Bengal ; 40 NE. Calcutta.
Bidache, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; 9N.
St. Palais, 14 E. Bayonne. Pop. 2,242.
Bidassoa, r. which rises in the Pyrenees, and
runs into the s6a between Andaye and Fontar-
abia, separating France from Spain. The duties
paid by those who pass from Spain to France
belong to the latter ; and of those who pass the
contrary way, to the former.
Bidburg, or Biedburg, (an. Beda,) X. Neth., in
Luxemburg ; 18 NNW. Treves, 30 NNE. Lux
emburg. Churches 2.
Biddanore, see Bednore.
Biddaoly, X. Hind., in Oude ; 18 Fyzabad.
Biddeford, s-p. and p-t. York co. Maine, near
the mouth of the Saco, on W. side, opposite to
Saco ; 27 NE. York, 105 NE. Boston. Pop. in
1810, 1,563 ; in 1820, 1,738.
Biddeford, or Bideford, (By the Ford,) s-p.
Eng. ; 40 N. Exeter, 108 W. London. Lon. 4. 14.
W. Lat. 51. 5. N. Pop. 3,244. It is situated near
the union of the Towridge and the Taw, over
the former of which there is a very long bridge
of 24 arches. Large quantities of coarse earthen
ware are made here, and sent to most parts of
the kingdom. The market is large, and well
supplied with corn and provisions.
Bideham, X. Persia, in Farsistan , on the Persian
gulf; 60 SSW. Gaur.
Bidelto, X. Naples, in Bari ; 10 SSW. Bari, 118
E. Naples. Lon. 16:46. E. Lat. 41. 8. N. Pop.
3,289. Bp. see.
Bidgost, or Bigodsez, t. Pru., in Pomerclia ;
64 S. Dantzic
Bidgoschtch, sea Bromberg.
Bidgull, X. Persia, in Irak ; 5 N. Cashan.
Bidissar, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 28 WSW. Cat-
tack. Bidlis, see Bctlis.
Bidosoli, X. Italy, in Bressan ; 8 E. Brescia.
Bidourle, r. France, which passes by St. Hy-
polite, Sauve, Sommieres, Sic and runs into
the lake of Peraut, 9 E. Montpellier.
Bidouze, r.Francc, which runs into the Adour,
near the junction of that river with the gaves of
Pau and Oleron.
Bidschow, or Biczow, (All,) X. Bohemia, in
Konigingratz ; 25 NW. Neu Bidschow.
Bidschow, or Biczow, (Neu,) X. Bohemia, cap.
of a circle; 14 W. Konigingratz, 36 ENE.
Prague. Lon. 15 25. E. Lat. 50. 10. N. Pop.
3,139. H. 421. It contains 1 church and 8 syn
agogues. — The circle is separated from Silesia
by the mountains of Riesengebirg. Pop. 195,770.
Sq. m. 1,049.
Bidumi, country, A. Turkey, S. part of Syria,

bounded N. by Palestine, W. by Egypt. E. and
S. by Arabia. It is nearly a desert, with only
a few straggling villages.
Bidzigur, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 40 S. Be
nares, 128 SW. Patna. Lon. 83. 16. E. Lat. 24.
42. N. The fort is built on a steep and lofty
rock, and is important from its situation, rather
than the strength of the materials of which the
walls are composed.
Bieber, X. Hesse Cassel, in county of Hanau;
16 E. Hanau. Pop. 1,136.
Bierbersbach, X. Bavaria ; 8 ENE. Wunsiedel.
Biebra, r. Poland, which runs into theNarew,
near Wiezna, in Masovia.
Biechov Starov, X. Russia, Mogilev ; 32 S.Mo
gilev, 364 S. Petersburg. Lon. 30. 14. E. Lat.
53. 20. N.
Biechovitz, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 9 E.
Prague. Biecz, t. Aust. Galicia ; 48 SE. Cracow. •
Bieda, t. Popedom, in the Patrimonio; 10 W.
Sutri. Biedburg, see Bidburg.
Biedenkopf or Bidenkopf t. Hesse Cassel, ill
Upper Hesse ; 16 NW. Marburg. Pop. 2,487.
Bieka, Bieque, or Boriquen, or Crab Island,
one of the Virgin islands, in the West-Indies ;
about 14 miles in circ. The soil is rich, and
there is a good road on S. side ; 9- ESE. Porto-
Rico. Lon. 65. 15. W. Lat. 18. N.
Bieke, see Bieque.
Biekow, or Jezow, t. Poland, in Masovia ; 24
SE. Lenczicz.
Biel, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 18 SW. Jaca.
Biel, r. Spain, which joins the Ores at Exes.
Biel, see Bienne.
Biela, t. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 6NE. Teutsch
Brod. Bielach, r. Austria, which runs into the Dan
ube, inear Melck.
Bielastena, t. Croatia ; 10 N. Bihacs.
Bielau, X. Silesia, circle of Reichenbach, di
vided into Middle, Upper, Lower, and New
Bielau. Fop. 6,700.
Bielay, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 4 SW.
Branau. Bielbskoi, X. Siberia ; 40 S. Eniseisk.
Bielcepol, t. Rus., in Kiev ; 48 W. Bialacer-
kiew. Bielcz, see Bielsk.
Bieler, or Bielew, t. Russia, Tula ; 50 WSW.
Tula, 340 SSE. Petersburg. Lon. 36. 14., E.
Lat. 55. 15. N. Pop. 4,844.
Bielfeld, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Minden ; 22
N. Lippstadt, 25 E. Munster. Lon. 8. 27. E.
Lat. 51. 53. N. Pop. 5,613. It is divided by the
Lutterbach, into Old and New Town, situated
at the foot of a mountain. It contains 1 Re
formed, 1 Catholic, and 2 Lutheran churches,
and a gymnasium, and has considerable trade
and manufactures. It was formerly Hanseatic.
Bielgorod, X. Russia, in Kursk ; 50 SSW.
Kursk, 340 SSE. Petersburg. Lon. 35. 54. E.
Lat. 50. 55. N. Pop. 5,500. H. 1,615. Abp. see.
It contains 2 convents and 13 churches.
Bielgrad, X. Croatia ; 40 SE. Bihacs.
Bielgorod, see Akerman.
Bielian, X: Russian Tartaiy. Lon. 66. 4. E.
Lat. 43. 20. N.
Bielica, X. Russia, in W'ma > 1° S. Lida.

BIE

191

BIG

Bielisky, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 48 SW. Kiev.
Bielitzi, X. Russia, in Mogilev ; 96 S. Mogilev,
464 S.Petersburg. Lon. 30. 54. E. Lat.52.20.N.
Biella, or Biela, or Bioglio, X. Piedmont ; 24
NW. Vercelli, 35 NNE. Turin. Lon. 7. 56. E.
Lat. 45. 28. N. Pop. 7,762. It is the capital of
a small country, bounded N. by the Alps, W.
by the duchy of Aosta, E. by the Vercellois
and the Masseran, and S. by the Canavez.
Biella is a rich and populous town ; it is divid
ed into Upper and Lower, containiiigS churches
and 8 convents, 2 hospitals, and a gymnasium.
Bielle, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 6 ESE.
Chaumont. Bielle, X. France, in the Lower-Pyrenees ; 14
S. Oleron.
Bielo, or Bielosersk, lake, Russia, in Novgo
rod ; 40 miles long, and 25 where widest. Lou.
32. to 38. E. Lat. 60. to 61. N.
Bielogrodka, X. Volhynia ; 15 S. Ostrog.
Bieloi, X. Russia, in Smolensk, on the river
Meza; 50 NNE. Smolensk, 270 SSE. Peters
burg. Lon. 33. 14. E. Lat. 55. 50. N. Pop. 2,274.
Bieloi, isl. in the Karskoi sea, about 70 miles
in circ; 20 from the continent of Russia. Lon.
69. 14. E. Lat. 73. 40. N.
Bielokameskoi, fortress, Russia, in Siberia, on
E. side of the Irtisch ; 12 SE. Semipolatnoi.
Bielopolje, t. Russia, in Charkov ; 84 NNW.
Charkov, 555 SSE. Petersburg. Pop. 9,050.
H. 775. Churches 8.
Bielovitz, t. Croatia; 11 SW. Damianovitz.
Bielovodsk, X. Russia, in Voronez, on the Der-
kul; -130 S. Voronez, 710 SSE. Petersburg.
Lot). 39. 14. E. Lat, 49. 20. N.
Bielow, t. Russia, in Volhynia ; 36 E. Lucko.
Bielozersk, X. Russia, in Novgorod, on the S.
side of lake Bielo ; 64 NE. Vologda, 220 ENE.
Novgorod. Lon. 38. 14. E. Lat. 59. 52. N. Pop.
2,800. Bielsa, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 18 Ainsa.
Bielsk, or Bielcz, t. Russia, in Grodno, for
merly capital of Podlachia, called also the pal
atinate of Bielsk, on the Biela; 108 ENE.
Warsaw. Lon. 23. 15. E. Lat. 52. 40. N. Pop.
1,7S3. Bielsk, X. Russia, in Ploczko ; 10 NE. Ploczko.
Pop. 339.
Biellsch, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 16 N.
Chrudim. Bieltschitz, X. Bohemia, in Prachim ; 15 N.
Strakonitz. H. 68.
Bienenbuttel, X. Hanover, in Luneburg ; 10
SE. Luneburg. Pop. 314.
Biennc, r. Netherlands which runs into the"
Sambre, near Thuin.
Bienne, or Biel, X. Switz., in Berne ; 15 NW.
Berne. Lon. 7. E. Lat. 47. 6. N. Pop. 2,621. It
is situated on the river Scheuss, or Suze, near
a large lake, to which it gives name, on an
eminence, at the foot of mount Jura. The
countiy about it is pleasant, and commodious
for supplying the industrious inhabitants with
all their wants. The lake is to the NE. of that
of Neufchatel with which it runs almost par
allel from NE. to SW. and they communicate
by the Tiel canal, which separates the countiy
of Neufchatel from the canton of Berne. Bienne
was formerly the capital of a small repub
lic of the same name, having a population of

5,500. The whole was annexed to the canton
of Berrte by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
Bientina, X. Tuscany, on the side of a lake,
called the Lake of Bientina, or Lake of Seffo;
the lake is about 6 miles long, and 5 wide ; 12
E. Pisa, 28 W. Florence.
Bieque, or Bieke, or Boriquen, or Crab's Isl
and, see Bieke.
Rierno, X. S. Finland, in Abo ; 30 SE. Abo.
Bieron, see Berun.
Biertru, t Sweden, in Angermannland, on the
river Angermann ; 22 N. Hernosand.
Biervliel, t. Neth., in Zealand, on W. side of
the Scheldt ; which has been much reduced by
frequent inundations ; the fortifications have
been destroyed ; 12 ENE. Sluys, 20 N. Ghent.
Pop. 1,025.
Biesbosch, large lake in the Merwe, between
Dort and Gertrudenburg, formed by the burst
ing of the banks or dykes. See Dort.
Biese, r. Ger., which rises 8 SW. Stendal, in
the Old Mark of Brandenburg, and running to-
Sechausen, changes its name to Aland.
Biesenthdl, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam ;
20 NE. Berlin, Lon. 13. 40. E. Lat. 52. 47. N.
Pop. 980.
Biesmes, place, France, Where is a pass across
the river Aisne, from the department of the
Meuse to the department of the Marne ; 3 St.
Menehould, 12 Grandpre.
' Bietigheim, X. Wurt, at the conflux of the
Metterbach and the Ens ; 10 N. Stuttgart, 30-
SSE. Heidelberg, Pop. 2,357.
Bievre, r. France, which rises a little S. Ver
sailles, and passing towards Paris, changes its
name to Gobelins, on account of its water be
ing used in that manufacture, and soon after-
joins the Seine.
Bieurta, or Ganquel, X. Africa, in Hoval, at
the mouth of the Senegal, Lon. 16. 10. W. Lat.
16. N.
Bieuzi, X France, in Morbihan ; 6 SSW. Pon-
tivy. Biezow, see Bidschow.
Biferno, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, not far from Termoli.
Big Bay Settlement, p-V. Illinois ; W. 868.
Big Bone Creek, r, Woodford co. Kentucky,
which runs W. into the Ohio.
Big Flats, p-v. in Elmira, N. Y. ; W. 288.
Big Lick, p-v. Botetourt oo. Va. ; W. 266,
Big Springs, p-v. Washington co. Md. ; W. 86',
Big Eddy, r. Kentucky, which runs into the
Cumberland, Lon. 88. 36. W. Lat. 36. 35. N.
Big Rock, X. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 952.
Big Muddy Creek, p-v. Randolph co. Illinois ;
W. 853.
Big Sugar Creek, p-v. Crawford co. Pa. ; W.
328. Big Bone Creek,, r. Kentucky, which runsinto
the Ohio, in Boone co., Lon. 85. 5. W. Lat. 3S.
45. N. — Big-Bone Lick8 miles above its mouth,.
is a tract of land impregnated with salt, and is
furrowed by the tongues of buffaloes and deer.
Biga, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 16 S. Artaki.
Biga, r. North- Wales, which joins the Sev-
ern, in the county of Montgomery.
Biga, one of the small Shetland Islands be
tween Mainland and Yell. Lon. 1. 30. W. Lat
60. 47. N.

BIJ

192

BIL

Bigah, X. Bengal ; 42 NNW. Ramgur. Lon.
85. 24. E. Lat. 24. 18. N.
Bigan, X. on W. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120.
40. E. Lat 16. 50. N.
Bigarella, X. Italy, Mantua ; 7 ENE. Mantua.
Bigbury Bay, bay of the English channel, on
the coast of Devonshire, between Bolt Tail and
Stoke Point.
Bigdry, t. N. A. which runs into the Missouri,
25 miles from Bigdry Creek.
Bigdry Creek, r. N. A. which runs into the
Missouri, 150 W. of the Yellow Stone.
Biggar, X. Scot., in Lanerkshire ; 27 SSW.
Edinburgh. Pop. 1,376.
Bigge, r. Ger., which runs into the Lenne, 3
N. Allendorn, in Westphalia.
Biggleswade, X. Eng., in Bedford, on one of
the roads from London to York ; 24 N. Hert
ford, 45 N. London. Lon. 0. 16. W. Lat. 52. 5.
N. Pop. 1,895. Here is a market on Wednes
day, which is one of the greatest in England for
barley, pease, and horse-corn, pitched in the
market for sale. A navigable river comes to
this place, but no farther, called the Ivell ; it
joins the Bedford river, called the Ouse, at
Temps-Ford, and thence runs to Lynn-Regis.
Bighorn, r. N. A. which rises in the Rocky
Mountains and after a NE. course of about 800
miles joins the Yellowstone, at Manuel's Fort.
It is not obstructed by falls, but is navigable to
a great distance in canoes, through an open
fertile country.
Bighorn, (Little,) r. N. America, E. branch
of the Bighorn.
Bigini, X. Sicily, in Mazara ; 10 E. Mazara.
Biglo,X. Rus. Wilna; 40 ENE. Wilkomierz.
Bignan, X. France, in Morbihan ; 9 SW. Jos-
selin. Bigonea, X. Hind., Orissa; 10 SW. Balasore.
Bigorno, X. Corsica ; 7 S. Bastia.
Bigorre, countiy, France, before the revolu
tion, about 200 miles square, in the government
of Guyenne, situated at the S. of Armagnac.
The air is cold on the mountains, but mild in
the plains. It produces a great quantity of
wood, excellent wine, rye, barley, and millet,
but little wheat, it has rich pastures, quarries
of marble, and medicinal springs. Tarbes was
the capital.
Bigorre, now Tarbes.
Biguba, X. Africa, and capital of a kingdom
of the same name, on N. side of the Rio Grande.
Lon. 13. 32. W. Lat. 11. 12. N.
Bihacs, or Bihatz, or Bihitz, or Wihatz, t. Cro
atia, on the river Unna, belonging to the Turks;
60 S. Carlstadt, 180 W. Belgrade. Pop. 5,000.
Bihar, co. Hungary, lying on W. side of Tran
sylvania. Sq. m. 4,255. Pop. 386,716 ; mostly
Magarians and Walachians. Chief town, De-
bretzin. Produce, wheat, wine, fruit, tobacco,
swine, cattle, copper, Sec.
Bihar, X. Hungary, in Bihar, once fortified.
Lon. 21. 55. E. Lat. 47. 9. N.
Bihri,, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 30 NW. Lar.
Bija, r. Russia, which issues from lake Tel-
etskio, in Kolivan, and joining the Katunia at
Katunskaia, takes the name of Oby.
Bijaghur, celebrated fort, Hind., in Allaha
bad, Lon. 88. 10. E. Lat. 27. 47. N.
Bijanagur, India, in the Balaghaut Ceded Ter

ritories. Lon. 76. 34. E. Lat. 15. 14. N. It is
now in ruins, but was once the capital of a
great Hindoo empire.
Bijar, X. Bengal, in Burdwan. Pop, 3,363.
Bijiygur, t. and fort, Hind,, in Agra; 40
NNE. Agra.
Bijore, city, India, in Sewad, on a river of
the same name ; 106 SE. Cabul, 215 N. Moul
tan. Lon. TO. 44. E. Lat. 34. 10. N.
Bijore, r. India, which raris into the Penjeko-
reh ; 20 S. Bijore.
Biisk, t. Russia, in Kolivan, on the Oby ; 150
SSE. Kolivan. Lon. 84. 14. E. Lat. 53. 51. N.
Pop. 2,040.
Bijucoy, small island, in the sea of Mindoro.
Lon. 120, 59. E. Lat. 10.. 55. N.
Bijudico, X. Spain, in Old Castile, said to
have been a seat of justice for the earldom of
Castile ; 6 N. Medina del Pomar.
Bijuga, see Bissagos.
Bikand, X. Great Bukharia ; 20 SW. Bukharia,
Bikeer, see Abukir.
Bikbulakova, t. Russia, in Upha, on the river
Ik ; 80 NE. Orenburg.
Bikillam, small isl. in the Red Sea, 24 from
the coast of Arabia. Lat. 16. 18. N.
Bikkur, t. Hind., in Gohud ; 10 W. Bandere.
Bikou,X. Rus., Podolia; 50 N. Braclaw.
Bila, r. Bohemia, which runs into the Mol-
daw, near Aussig.
Bila, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 10 WSW.
Kamnitz. Bilan, X. Bohemia, Chrudim ; 5 W. Chrudjin.
Bilan, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 7 NNW.
Kaurzim. Bilarah, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 45 E. by If.
Odeypour. Bilavola, X. Ceylon ; 25 SW. Candy.
Bilbos, large village, A. Turkey, in Bagdad, 4
of 5 days' journey from Mosul.
Bilboa, or Bilbao, or Vilvao, s-p. Spain,Biscay,
on the Ybaicabal, in a plain surrounded with
high mountains. Lon. 3. 4. W. Lat. 43. 16. N.
Pop. 15,000. It contains about 1,200 houses,
part of which are built on piles ; the harbour
is good, and well frequented. Between 500 and
600 vessels visit this port annually; and the
yearly exports of wool is estimated at 50, or
60,000 sacks of 2 cwt. each. The air is healthy,
the inhabitants are strong, robust, long-lived,
and little acquainted with diseases. It is well
supplied with water and provisions ; fish very
abundant ; and the environs are fertile in le
gumes and fruits. It contains 5 parishes, and
12 religious houses. Among the laws peculiar
to the town, is one against ingratitude ; its
commerce principally consists in wool and iron.
Bilbilis, see Calataiud.
Bilcas Guaman, or Cuaman, X. Peru, and cap
ital of a jurisdiction in the bishopric of Gua
manga j 40 ESE. Guamanga. Lon. 73. 40. W.
Lat. 13. S.
Bilcas, r. Peru, which runs into the Apuri-
mac, 80 ENE. Guamanga.
Bilderwerlschen, X. Prussia, in the Lithuanian
province ; 4 WNW. Stallnponen.
Bildeslon, see Bilslon.
Bildhausen, X. Bavaria ; 4 ENE. Munerstadt.
Bildih, X. Persia, in Schirvan ; 40 ESE. Sca-
machie.

BIL

193

BIL

Biledgik, (an. Agrilium,) t. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 32 NW. Eski-shehr.
Biledulgerid, country, Africa, lying S. of Tu
nis and Algiers, supposed to be about 180 miles
square. It is commonly supposed that it receiv
ed its name from the Arabic words Biled el
gerid, signifying the land of dates; because it
abounds with that kind of fruit more than any
other countiy in Africa ; but Dr. Shaw derives
it from Jeriddedry, signifying dry country.
The whole country is very mountainous, san
dy, and barren, producing little or no suste
nance. Some parts of it are quite covered with
large thick woods of palm-trees, from which
"dates are gathered. The climate is hot and
unhealthy ; the people lean, and of a swarthy
and shrivelled complexion. As to their char
acter, they are represented as lewd, treacher
ous, thievish, and cruel. They are a mixture
of the ancient Africans and wild Arabs ; the
former living in some kind of cities, towns, or
villages ; the latter in tents, and ranging from
place to place for food and plunder. The coun
try has few rivers or towns.
Bilefeld, see Bielfeld.
Bilegur, X. Bengal ; 23 SSE. Burdwan. Lon.
88. 10. E. Lat. 22. 52.
Bilgy, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 170 NW. Serin
gapatam. Bilghey, X. Hind., in the Mysore countiy ; 35
NNW. Bednore, 58 WSW. Harponelly. Lon.
74. 32. E. Lat. 14. 17. N.
Bilgilly, X. Hind., in Visiapour; 15 SW. Gal-
gala. Bilesur, X. Hind., in Visiapour ; 15 NW. Sat-
tarah. Bilfershausen, X. Wurzburg , 4 N. Arnstein.
Bilgorai, X. Aust. Galicia ; 30 SSW. Zamosch.
Bilgum,X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 25 NW. Cica-
cole. Biliapatam, X. Hind. ; 5 N. Cananore.
Bilidwic, X. Poland ; 25 E. Lenczicz.
Bilich, X. Siberia; 8 SE. Vercholensk.
Biligam, or Viligam, s-p. Ceylon, in a bay on
S. coast. Lon. 80. 32. E. Lat. 6. N. Here is a
celebrated pagoda.
Bilihan, X. Persia, Irak ; 100 SSW. Hamadan.
Bilikowka, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 50 W. Kiev.
Bilin, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 14 W. Leit
meritz. Lon. 13. 48. E. Lat. 50. 32. N. Pop.
1,365. Bilina, or Mosta, r. Bohemia, which runs into
the Elbe, near Aussig.
Bilitot, X. Ceylon, on SW. coast; 25 S. Cali-
toor. Bililz, X. Austrian Silesia, and capital of a
small principalitv ; 15 ENE. Tcschen. Lon. 18.
59. E. Lat. 49. 48. N. Pop. 4,265. It is situat
ed on the borders of Poland, from which it is
separated by the river Biala, NE. of the princi
pality of Teschen.
Bill, r. which passes by the city of Hamburg
to the Elbe.
Billaigur, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 40 SE.
Ruttunpour. Billancourt, X. France ; 4 SW. Paris.
Billapour, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 65 NW.
Poonahi -',.
Billarce", X. Hind., in Oude, on the left bank
of Xhe Dewah ; 14 SSW. Bahraitch.
Vol. I. 2o

Billau, r. Silesia, which runs into the Neisse,
near the town of Neisse.
Bill Birds Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main,
on the Musquito shore. Lon. 82. 54. W. Lat.
12. 16. N.
Billi, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, district of
Fougeres ; 3 S. Fougeres, 9 N. Vitre.
Biileka, X. Aust. Galicia ; 10 E. Lemberg.
Billerica, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 19 NNW.
Boston, W. 456. Pop. 1,380. It is a pleasant
town, watered by the Concord and Shawsheeii
rivers, and contains an academy.
Billericay, X. England, in Essex, on an emi
nence, with a large corn market on Thursday;
9 S. Chelmsford, 24 E. London. Pop. 1,472.
Billerbeeck, f. Prussia, in Munster; 5 NNE.
Coesfeld. Pop. 1,300.
Billesdon, X. England, in Leicestershire ; 8 E.
Leicester, 96 NNW. London. Pop. 580. This
town is remarkable for being the place where
George Villars, afterwards the duke of Buck
ingham, and George Fox, the Quaker, received
their education.
Billiton, isl. between Sumatra and Borneo;
at 3 deg. N. Lat. Length about 50 miles, aver
age breadth 45.
Billgilly, X. Hind., in Visiapour; 15 SW.
Galgala. Billial, t. France, in Ain ; 7 NE. Nantua.
Billigheim, t. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine ;
4 S. Landau, 16 SW. Spire. Pop. 940.
Billigralz, X. Carniola; 12 N. Laybach.
Billimbing-Bay, bay on S. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 104. 30. E. Lat. 5. 50. S.
Billingen, X. Neth., in Luxemburg; 20 E. Spa.
Billingsport, place in N. J. on the Delaware,
12 miles below Philadelphia, opposite Billings
Island. It was fortified during the revolution
ary war.
Billiton, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, of a circu
lar form, about 40 miles in diameter. Lon. 108.
E. Lat. 3. S.
Billom, or Billon, X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Puy-de-D6me ; 12 ESE.
Clermont, 36 SW. Roanne. Lon. 3. 25. E. Lat.
45. 43. N. Pop. 5,110.
Billongtee, X. Hind., Bahar; 13 NW. Arrah.
Bills, rock in the Atlantic, near W. coast of
Ireland.; 6 NW. the island of Clare, 6 SSE.
Achil-Head. Lon. 10. 1. W. Lat. 53. 52. N.
Billups, p-v. Dinwiddle co. Va. ; W. 156.
Lon. 77. 33. -W. Lat. 37. 3. N.
Billy, X. France, in Allier ; 6 N. Cusset, 12
NE. Gannat.
Billy, X. France, in Calvados ; 6 SE. Caen.
Billymead, p-t. Caledonia co, Vt. ; 50 NE.
Montpelier, W. 581. Pop. 433.
Bilmah, desert country, Africa, between Bor
nou and Fezzan, which caravans are ten days
crossing. Biloi Yar, X. Russia, in Simbirsk, on E. side
of the Volga ; 16 SE. Simbirsk.
Bilowes, see Wagstadt.
Bilsah, circar, Hind., in Malwa, situated to
the NE. Bopal, and W. Gurry-Mundlah, almost
in the centre of Hindoostan. Bilsah is cele
brated for producing most excellent tobacco.
The chief, towns are Bilsah, Andea, and Rai-
seen. Bilsah, city, Hind., and capital of a circar in

BIM

194

BIN

Malwa ; 14 E. Ougein, 308 S. Delhi. Lon. 77.
53. E. Lat. 23. 30. N. The town or fort of Bil
sah is enclosed in a stone wall, furnished with
square towers, and a ditch. The suburbs with
out the walls are not veiy extensive, but the
streets are spacious, and contain some good
houses. The town and surrounding country
are celebrated for excellent tobacco.
Bilsen, t. Neth., in Limburg, on the Demer,
which, though it has the privileges of a city, is
not of much consideration ; 14 N. Leige. Lon.
5. 33. E. Lat. 50. 51. N. Pop. 1,925.
Bilskoi, X. Siberia, on the Bilaia ; 90 NW. Ir
kutsk. Bilslein, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg,
capital of a bailiwick, situated on a mountain ;
19 SSE. Arensberg, 42 E. Cologne. Lon. 8. 8.
E. Lat. 51. N. Pop. 324.
Bilston,X. Eng., in Stafford; 11 NW. Bir
mingham, 121 NW. London. Pop. 9,646. It
is situated near a navigable canal, which com
municates with the Staffordshire and Worces
tershire canals, and rivers Mersey, Dee, Ouse,
Trent, Severn, Thames, Avon, Sic. Near it
are large mines of coal, ironstone, Sic Here
are erected furnaces-for smelting iron ore, for
ges, and slitting mills. The principal manufac
tures are japanned and enamelled goods, and
buckle-chapes. Bilston, or Bilderston, X. Eng., in Suffolk ; 11
NE. Sudbury, 67 NNE. London. Pop. 762.
'Bitten, X. Switz., in Glarus; 10 NNW. Glarus.
Bilthoel, small isl. in North Sea, near the
coast of Sleswick. Lon.8.52.E. Lat. 54. 12. N.
Billon, v. Eng., in Warwickshire ; 2 miles
from Rugby.
Bilur, bay in the Red Sea, on the coast of
Abyssinia. Lat. 13. 3. N.
Bima, X. on N. coast of Cumbava. Lon. 113.
51. E. Lat 8. 24. S. It is a considerable town,
capital of a district, and situated on a fine com
modious basin, encompassed by lofty moun
tains. Bimber Kooshaub, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 30
SW. Gujurat.
. Bimbia, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 4. 5. N.
Bimi, fort and celebrated temple, Hind., in
the territory of Nagorcote, built by a prince of
the same name, on the top of a steep moun
tain, where the Hindoos formerly deposited
the wealth consecrated to their idols, in all the
neighbouring kingdoms.
Bimern, t. Prussia ; 12 W. Heilsperg.
Bimini, one of the Bahama Islands, on W.
side of the Great Bahama Bank, near the gulf
of Florida. If measures about 20 miles- in circ,
and has a good harbour. Lon. 79. 34. W. Lat.
25. N.
Bknlepatam, s-p. Hind., in Cicacole ; 12 SE,
Vizianagram, 35 SSW. Cicacole. Lon. 83. 35.
W. Lat. 17. 55. N. The countiy people manu
facture coarse cloth, chiefly for Batavia. Off
shore are some rocks, which appear above
water; but a ship may pass safely between
them and the land.
Bimnaul, X. Guzerat ; 5 W. Cambay.
Bimped, t. Napaui ; 15 S. Batgao. "
Bimsing, X. Hind., in Cicacole; 12 S. Vizia
nagram.

Bimulwilsa, X. Hind., in Cicacole; 12 S.Vi-
zianagram. Bina, X. Italy, on the Oglio ; 10 NE. Cre
mona. Binagonah, X. on E. coast of Lucon. Lon.
122. 18. E. Lat. 14. 51. N.
Binalbagan, 'X. on W. coast of Negros. Lon.
122. 52. E. Lat. 10. 42. N.
Binaros, or Vinaros, t. Spain, in Valencia ; 5
N. Peniscola, 25 S. Tortosa. H. 1,100. It is
on the confines of Catalonia, near the coast of
the Mediterranean, at the mouth of a riyer
which forms a small harbour, with anchorage
at about cannon shot from the town, in from six
to nine fathoms. It is surrounded with walls,
and defended by somejcannon.
Binbach, X. Bav. ; . 3 ESE. Arnstein.
Binasco, X. Italy, Milan ; 10 S. Milan. Pop.
4,270. Binbrook, X. "Eng., in Lincoln ; 22 NE. Lin
coln, 159 N. London. Lon. 1. 12. W. Lat. 53.
25. N. Pop. 655.
Binche, X. Neth., in Hainaul, situated in a
fertile countiy, on the river Haisne ; 8 ESE. i
Mons. Pop. 3,798.
Binchester, v. Eng., in Durham ; near it are
the ruins and vestiges of a large town, ancient
ly called Binovium, or Vinovium. Here Ar
thur is said to have defeated the Saxons.
Binde, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 18 NE. Gohud,
50 SSE. Agra. Lon. 78. 46. E. Lat. 26. 23.N.
Bindelle Visegna, X. Italy ; 10 W. Legnano",
Bindi, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 25 E. Kimedy. •
Bindikee, t. Hind., in Allahabad; 53 SW.
Lucknow. Bindorah, X. Hind., in Agra ; 66 ESE. Gwalior.
. Bindkee, X. Hind., in Oude; 16 E. Corah.
Bindrabund, X. Hind., in Agra, on the Jum
na ; 30 W. by N. Agra.
Bineaga, or Leaga, harbour on S W. coast of ;
Sumatra ; 14 E. the mouth of Sinkel river.
Binetta, X. Naples, Bari ; 4 WSW. Bidetto.
Binfeld., X. Bav. ; 3 NW. Hasfurt.
Bingazi, (an. Adriane,Berenice,and Hesperis,)
s-p. Barca. Lon. 20. 20. E. Lat. 32. 16. N. Pop,
5,000. H: 1,000. It was formerly a laige and
handsome city, and the capital of Barca,
but is now much reduced. It has a good
harbour for vessels of 200 tons, defended by
a wall and castle. It carries on considerable
trade, particularly with the territory of Auge-
la, importing corn and sheep.
Binge, r. France, in Cote-d'Or, and district of
Dijon ; 15 E. Dijon.
Bingelstein, X: Pru. Minden ; 3 S. Buren.
Bingen, (an. Bingium,) X. Ger., in Hesse-
Darmstadt, capital of a district, at the conflux
of the Nahe and the Rhine ; 19 W. Mentz, 30
S. Coblentz, and 54 E. Treves. Lou. 7. 48. E.
Lat. 49.55. N. Pop. 3,223. H.470. It contains 1
parish ch., 4 hospitals, and a gymnasium. The
Rhine is here compressed into a narrow chan
nel, barely admitting a practicable passage be
tween rocks on either side. This strait is call
ed Bingenloch. Near Bingen is an island in
the Rhiue, called Mausthurn, or Tower of Rats.
Bingenheim, X. Hesse ; 12 SSE. Giessen, 16
NNE. Francfort on the Maine. Pop. 512.
_ Bingham, t. Somerset co. Maine ; 26 N. Nor'
lidgewock.

BIO

195

BIR

Bingham, t. Eng., in Nottingham, with a
weekly market on Thursday; 9 E. Notting
ham, 122 N. London. Lon! 0. 57. W. Lat. 52.
57. N. Pop. 1,326.
Binghampton, p-v. and capital Broome co. in
the township of Chenango, N. Y., at the junc
tion of the Chenango and Unn'adilla; 40 SW.
Norwich, 148 SW. Albany, W. 295. A weekly
newspaper is published here. It is a flourish
ing village, and contains a court-house and
jail, and has considerable trade.
Bing-gheul, (i. e. Thousand Fountains,) X. Tur
kish Armenia ; 30 SSW. Kars.
Bingley, X. Eng., in W. Riding of Yorkshire,
on the Aire, with a market on Tuesday ; 16 N.
Leeds, 208 N. London. Pop. 4,782.
Bingum, X. Han., East-Friesland ; 1 NW. Ort.
Biniesifky, X. Rus. Wilna ; 44 SE. Wilna.
Binko, t Orissa ; 10 NW. Sonepour.
Binnel Point, cape on S. coast of the Isle of
Wight. Loh. 1. 7. W. Lat. 50. 31. N.
Binni, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 3. 30. W.
Lat. 14. 1. N.
Binniguet, small isl. near W. coast of France,
about 3 SW. Le Conquet, 2 W. St. Matthew's
Point. Lon. 4. 43. W. Lat. 48. 19. N.
Binsby Mountains, range of mountains in N.
C. Lon. 81. 10. W. Lat. 36. N.
Bintan, see Vintain.
Bintang, isl. in E. Indian Sea, about 30 miles
long and 10 broad, near the coast of Malacca.
Bintang, the capital of the island, was taken
and destroyed by the Portuguese, in 1527.
Rehio, or Rio, a port of considerable trade, is
the present chief town. Lon. 104. 35. E. Lat.
I.5.N. Bintingha, t. Africa, in Konkodoo ; 36 E. Sa-
tadoo. Bintschay, t. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 7 NE.
Turnau. Binwy-Head, cape, Ireland, on NW. coast of
Mayo. Lon. 9. 36. W. Lat. 54. 20. N.
Bins, r. Switz., which runs into the Aar, 3
NE. Arrau.
Binzago, X. Italy, Brescia ; 20 NNE. Brescia.
Binzen, t. Baden, circle of Treisam. Pop. 740.
Biobio, r. S. A. in Chili, which runs into the
Pacific Ocean, Lat. 36. 50. S.
Bioglio, see Biella.
Biogrand, see Zara Vecchia.
Biokirk, X. Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 22
NW. Nykoping.
Biollio, X. Piedmont ; 8 E. Biella. Pop. 1,900.
Bioncourt,X. France, in Meurte, in the dis
trict of Chateau Salins ; 6 WSW Chateau Sa-
lins, 9 NE. Nancy.
Biorko, one of the Quarkern Islands, in the
gulf of Bothnia ; about 5 in circ. Lon. 21. 44.
E. Lat. 63. 40. N.
Biorko, small isl. in N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 9. E. Lat. 65. 48. N.
Biorko, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast
of Sweden. Lon. 18. 46. E. Lat. 59. 52. N.
Biorko, small isl. Sweden, in Malar lake, on
which there was formerly a town ; 15 W.
Stockholm. ,
Biorko Sud, small isl. on E. side of (he gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 20. 51. E. Lat. 62. 44. N.
Biorneborg, s-p. Finland, on E. side of the
gulf of 'Bothnia, on a lake; 65 N. Abo. Lon.

21. 32. E. Lat. 61. 30. N. Pop. 2,510. The
inhabitants carry on a brisk trade in wood and
salmon. Biorn's Knude, or Biorn's Head, cape, Den
mark, on E. coast of Jutland. Lon. 10. 3. E.
Lat. 55. 42. N.
Biornon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 19. 42. E. Lat. 63. 36. N.
Biornon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 16. 59. E. Lat. 60. 54. N.
Biornse, small isl. Denmark, near S. coast of
Funen. Biorskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 1. E. Lat. 63. 27. N.
Biot, X. France, in Var; 3 N. Antibes.
Bioulle, X. France, in Lot; 3 NE. Montau-
ban, 20 S. Cahors.
Bipont, see Deux Ponts.
Bir, see Beer.
Bir-il-Badhi;X. Persia in Segestan ; 80 W.
Zareng. Bir-Devedar, X. Egypt; 17 NE. Tineh.
Bir-el-Malha, place of Nubia, where natron
is found, with a salt spring, affording a station
for caravans ; 180 SW. Dongola. Lat. 18. N.
Biram, t. France, in Gers ; 8 WNW. Audi.
Birboom, pr. Bengal, bounded N.by Ghidore,
Curruckpour, Hendooa, Sultanabad, and Rau
jeshy; E. by Raujeshy, Futtasing, and Burd
wan ; S. by Burdwan and Pachete ; and W. by
Pachete and Curruckdeah ; about 85 miles long,
and 30 broad. Nagore was formerly the capi
tal, but the civil authorities now reside at Su-
rool. Burbusca, see Birviesca.
Birch Bay, bay on W. coast of N. America,
in the gulf of Georgia, so called from the quan
tity of black birch-trees found growing on the
coast. Lon. 237. 33. E. Lat 48.53. N.
Birchee, X. Hind., in Candeish; 10 W. Tol-
nam. Birchington, small s-p. Eng., on N. coast of
Kent, a member of the port of Dover ; 13 E.
Canterbury. Lon. 1. 18. E. Lat. 51. 22. N.
Birck, X. Pru. Cologne; 3NE. Siegberg.
Birck, X. Bavaria ; 8 S. Bayreuth.
Birckag, t. Bavaria; 2 S. Groszweinstein.
Birckenfeld, X. Bavaria ; 8 SE. Konigshofen,'
Birckenfeld, t. Prussia ; 36 SE. Konigsberg.
. Bird, see Byrd.
Bird Islands, small islands near NE. coast of
New Holland, so called by Capt. Cook ; they
lie low, and almost covered with birds; 16
NW. Cape Grenville.
Bird-Island, isl. almost 4 miles in circumfer
ence, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 216. 24.
E. Lat. 17. 48. S.
Bird-Island, small isl. near E. coast of New
foundland ; 6 SE. Cape Bonavista. '
Bird-Island, small isl. in the gulf of St. Law
rence ; 63 W. Cape Anguilla, on Newfound
land. Lon. 60. 45.' W. Lat. 47. 55. N.
Bird-Island, small isl.' near SW. coast of Ire
land, at the entrance into Dunmannus Bay.
Lon. 9. 40. W. Lat. 51. 28. N.
Bird-Island, small isl. in Strangford Lough,
on the coast of Ireland ; 8 S. Newtown. Lon.
5. 28. W. Lat. 54. 28. N.
Bird-Island, one of the Bermudas islands.
Bird-Island, isl. in the S. Pacific Ocean, neai

B1R

196

BIR

NW. coast of New Georgia. Lon, 38, 22. W.
Lat. 54. S.
Bird Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Africa. Lon. 24. 40. S.
Bird Islands, near N. coast of Antigua, in the
AVest-Indics ; there are two, the Great and the
Little ; they are both small. Lon. 67. 46. W.
Lat. 11.50. N.
Bird Island, small isl. in E. Indian Sea, near
W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97. 25. E. Lat. 1.
49. N.
Bird Island, isl. in the Indian Sea, about 4
miles in circ; it is a low spot of land, covered
with green heath or shrubs, and quite a rock in
many parts of the centre. No animal is seen
but water-fowl and sea-lions. Lon. 54. 40. E.
Lat. 3. 40. S.
Bird Island, isl. in N. Pacific Ocean. Its
greatest extent, which is in a direction S. 74.
W. and N. 74. E. does not exceed one mile ;
117 miles from Onenow. Lon. 198. 8. E. Lat.
23. 6. N. It is a solitary rock rising abruptly
in loftly rugged cliffs, having the shape of a
saddle, without tree or shrub, and has its name
from its affording an asylum to a vast multi
tude of birds.
Bird Islands, or Aves, cluster of islands in the
Caribbean sea, near the coast of S. America.
Lon. 66.50. W. Lat. 12. N.
Bird Island, or Avis, small isl. in the Caribbe
an sea. A long bank, called the Bank of Aves,
extends from this island to St. Eustatius, about
130 miles to the NNE. Lon. 64. W. Lat. 15.
40. N.
Bird's Key, or Round Island, small isl. or rock
among the Virgin Islands, in the West-Indies ;
3 NE. St. Croix, 6 from St. John's Island. Lon.
64. 50. W. Lat. 18. 15. N.
Bird's Nests Rocks, the rocky inlets in the
Mergui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 4-2. N.
Birdsborough, X. Berks co. Pa. ; on SW. side
of the Schuylkill ; 8 SE. Reading.
Birdslown, p-v. Cape Girardeau, co. Missouri ;
W. 939.
Birdsville, p-v. Burke co. Georgia ; W. 660.
Biredgick, see Beer.
Birghe, see Birki.
Birhemabad, X. Hind., in Agra ; 9 NW. Ca-
noje. Birikingham, X. Hind., in Berar; 15 S. Au
rungabad. Birkala, X. Finland ; 37 NW. Tavasthus.
Birkan, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 24 S. Saade.
_ Birkenfeld, X. Ger., included in the Prussian pro
vince of the Lower-Rhine and government of
Treves, but ceded to the duke of Oldenburg, on
the Nahe ; 30 ENE. Treves, 30 NNW. Deux
Ponts. Pop. 1,351. This town gives name to
a principality ceded to Oldenburg, containing
20,000 inhabitants, and 243 sq. m.
Birkenfels, X. Bavaria ; 5 N. Anspach.
Birkestoff, t. Pru. Juliers ; 1 N. Dueren.
Birket el Hadsji, or Lake of the Pilgrims,
lake, Egypt, where the company and pilgrims
assemble, which form the caravan to Mecca ;
10 ENE. Cairo.
Birket il Kerun, lake, Egypt, in the province
of Faioum. It is supposed to be the lake an
ciently called Maris, said to have been artifi
cially formed by one of the kings of Egypt, as

a receptacle for the superabundant waters of
the Nile. It is now about 50 miles long, and
10 broad. Its water is salt.
Berket il Marioub, lake, Egypt, near the
coast of the Mediterranean, and a little S. Alex-
dria ; about 50 miles in circumference.
Birkholm, small isl. Denmark, about 6 miles
S. Funen. Lon. 11.31. E. Lat. 54.56. N.
Birkin, r. Eng., which runs into the Bollin ;
1 S. Altringham, in Chester.
Birkin Islands, cluster of small islands in the
North Sea, near E. coast of Lewis. Lon. 6.
20. W. Lat. 58. 6. N.
Birkooty, X. Hind., in Bengal; 30 WNW.
Moorshedabad. Lon. 87. 55. E. Lat. 24. 25. N.
Birkozowka, X. Rus., in Kiev ; 40 SE. Biala-
ctrkiew. Birkumita, X. Bengal ; 38 ESE. Dacca.
Birlab, X. Egypt; 17 ENE. Catieh.
Birlal, X. Eu. Turkey, on a river of the same
name, in Moldavia ; 60 NW. Galatz, 116 SW.
Bender. Lon. 27. 37. E. Lat. 46. 12. N.
Birlat, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Siret, at Dubravitza, in Moldavia.
BIRMAH, extensive and powerful empire,
Asia, including the ancient kingdoms of Ava,
Pegu, and Aracan. Its limits are not ascer
tained with precision, but according to the
most accurate accounts, it extends from Lon. 92.
to 102. E. and from Lat. 9. to 26. N. 1,200
miles long, and 700 broad ; bounded N. by As
sam, Thibet, and China, and W. by a range of
mountains which separates it from British In
dia; the S. and E. boundaries have not been
accurately ascertained:
The climate of the Birman Empire is gene-,
rally healthy and agreeable ; not subject to ex
treme heat or cold for any considerable length.
of time. The soil in the southern parts is fer
tile, and produces abundant crops of rice; in
the northern parts the countiy is mountain
ous; but is extremely fertile in the plains and
valleys. The art of agriculture, however, is
but imperfectly understood. The productions
are rice, wheat, tobacco, sugar, indigo, cotton,
and the various tropical fruits.
Minerals, 'such as iron, lead, tin, antimony,
arsenic, and sulphur, are found in great abun
dance. There are also several rich mines of
gold and silver ; and precious stones, as rubies,
sapphires, amethysts, chrysolites, garnets, jas
pers, loadstone, and beautiful marble, are met
with in various parts. The commerce of the
Empire is very considerable. The manufactures
consist chiefly of cotton and silk goods, salt
petre, gunpowder, various kinds of pottery,
and marble statues of the idols they adore.
The population, is not accurately known ;
Colonel Symes, however, says he was credibly ,
informed that the number of cities, towns, and
villages, amounted to 8,000, exclusive of Ara
can ; from which he estimates the population
at 14,500,000, and including Aracan, at 17 mil
lions. But Captain Cox, who succeeded Col.
Symes as ambassador, does not estimate the
population,above 8,000,000.
The Birmans are lively, inquisitive, and in
telligent; and, at the same-time, irascible and
impatient. In some respects they display the
ferocity of barbarians, and in others, all the

BIR

197-

BIR

softness and humanity of polished society.
They resemble the Chinese, rather than the
Hindoos. The women are fairer than the wo
men of Hindoostan, but not so delicately form
ed. The men are not tall but athletic ; they
pluck out their hair instead of shaving with a
razor. Polygamy is in practice among them.
They have made considerable progress in
knowledge, and their system of jurisprudence
is said to' be superior to that of the Hindoos.
In religion they are worshippers of the Budd-
hu ; but the image which represents him is
usually called Godama. They have numerous
temples and idols. Other religions are tolera
ted. The government is despotic.
The chief river is the Irrawady. The pre
sent capital is Ummerapoora. The other most
remarkable cities are, Ava, Pegu, Aracan, Ran
goon, Prome, and Monchaboo.
Birmingham, X. Delaware co. Pa., on E. side
Brandywine Creek, and bordering oh Dela
ware. Pop, 515.
Birmingham, p-t. Centre co. Pa. ; W. 213.
Birmingham, X. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 323.
Birmingham, t. Huntingdon co. Pa., on the
Little Juniatta ; 18 NW. Huntingdon.
Birmingham, X. Eng., in AVarwickshire, on a
declivity, on the river Rea, which joins the
Tame, 3 m. NE. ; 62 NW. Oxford, 87 N. Bris
tol, 109 NNW. London. Pop. 85,753. Fami
lies 18,165. H. 16,653. Of the inhabitants
81,642 consist of families connected with trade
and manufactures.
Birmingham has long been distinguished for
the variety, extent, and excellence of its manu
factures, particularly in hardware. With per
haps the exception of Manchester, it is the
greatest manufacturing town in England.
Among the principal manufactures are buttons
of immense variety, buckles, and snuff box
es ; toys, trinkets, and jewellery ; polished
steel watch chains, cork screws, Sic ; plated
goods for the dining and tea table ; japanned,
and enamelled articles; brass work of eveiy
description ; swords and fire arms ; medals
and coins of various kinds ; copying machines,
and pneumatic apparatuses ; the more ponde
rous productions of the casting furnace, and
rolling mill ; and, indeed, every hardware
commodity that can be considered as curious,
useful, or ornamental. The manufactories are
established upon thelargestscale, and the most
astonishing ingenuity. A coining mill was
erected in 1788, which is now capable of
striking between 30, and 40,000 pieces of mo
ney in an hour. Before the close of the last
war no less than 14,500 stand of arms were de
livered per week to the ordnance office. At
the pin works it is said 12,000 pins can be cut
and pointed, and 50,000 pin-heads can be
made from the wire in an hour.
Birmingham is about 2 miles in length. The
lower part of the town consists chiefly of old
buildings, is crowded with workshops and ware
houses, and is inhabited principally by manu
facturers ; but the upper part has a superior
appearance, consisting of new and regular
streets, and containing a number of elegant
buildings. It contains 3 churches and 5 cha- i
pels of ease; ajjd many places of worship I

belonging, to dissenters, among which are 4 for
Baptists, 3 for Independents, 3 for Methodists,
2 for Unitarians, 2 for Roman Catholics, and 2
Synagogues. St. Martin's church has a fine-
lofty spire, with a peal of 12.bells, and a set of
chimes. It is distinguished for its charitable
institutions, and has various schools, and sever
al libraries, one of which contains 10,000 vols.
The town has the benefit of several canals,
which enable it to carry on a direct intercourse
with foreign countries. It has 3 weekly mar
kets, and 2 annual fairs. The soil about the
town is dry, and the climate is considered re
markably healthy. The average mortality for
6 years ending 1801, of Birmingham, was only
lto69; of Manchester 1 to 37; and of Lon
don 1 to 31.
Birna, r. Asia, which forms the S. bounda
ry of Pera, and runs into the straits of Mallaca,
Lon. 100. 57. E. Lat. 3. 48. N.
Birnbaum, X. Prussia, Posen, on the Wartha
Pop. 1,739.
Birnam, hill, Scot, near Dunkeld, about
1,580 feet above the level of the sea, anciently
a forest and a royal domain. Near the foot is
a round mount called Duncan's Hill, where
that king is said to have held a court of jus
tice ; and higher up are the ruins of a strong
fortress. Birnam wood is rendered remarka
ble by Shakspeare in his tragedy of Macbeth.
Birnfield, X. Bav. ; 4 E. Lauringen.
Biron, X. France, in Dordogne; 10 S. Bel-
vez, 21 SW. Sarlet. Pop 700.
Biron, isl. in gulf of St. Lawrence ; 78 W.
Cape Anguilla. Lon. 61. 10, W. Lat. 47. 52. N.
Bironico, X. Switz., in the bailiwick of Luga
no ; 10 NNW. Lugano.
Birouan, X. Candahar ; 15 NW. Ghizni.
Birr, formerly called Parson's Town, X. Ire
land, chief town of King's county,, situated
near the borders of Tipperary, on a river which
runs into the Shannon ; 34 NE. Limerick, 34
NNW. Kilkenny. Pop. in 1821, 5,429. H. 2,037.
Birs, or Birsck, or Bursch, r. Switz., which
runs into the Rhine', near Bile.
Birsa, X. Pamona, the principal Orkney isl
and. Eon. 3. 7. W. Lat. 58. 59. N.
Birkska, r. Siberia, which runs into the Le
na ; 28 SW. Olekminsk.
Birsk, X. Russia, in Orenburg. Lon. 55. 18 E
Lat. 55. 17. N. Pop. 1,400.
Birskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 13. E. Lat. 61. 22. N.
Birstein, X. Ger., Hesse, and county of , Isen-
burg ; 7 E. Buddingen, 27 ENE. Frankfort on
the Maine.
Birt, or Bir, see Beer, and Brit.
Birturbury Bay, bay on W. coast of Ireland,
open to the Atlantic. Lon. 9.50. W. Lat. 53.
20. N.
Birlha, see Tecrit, and Beer.
Birthelm, or Berethalom, X. Transylvania, in
Burzyn, district of Wedwisch. Lon. 24. 33. E.
Lat. 46. 6. N. It is the residence of the super
intendent of the Lutheran churches in Tran
sylvania, and contains the church where all
the Lutheran ministers are ordained.
Birthin, r. Eng., which runs into the Usk
near the town of Usk, in Monmouth.
Biru, X. Peru, in the diocess of Truxillo; 25
SSE. Truxillo.

BIS

19S

BIS

Biruckpour, fortress, Hind., in Chanderee ; 12
S. Chatterpour, 55 E. Chanderee.
Birviesca, or Birbesca, X. Spain, in Old Castile;
15 NE. Burgos. Pop. 2,500.
Biruisa, r. Siberia, which runs into the
Tchiuna, Lon. 95. 14. E. Lat. 57. 35. N.
Biruilsch, X. Russia, in Voronez ; 50 S. Vo
ronez, 158 SSE. Petersburg.
Birze, or Birsen, X. Russia, in Wilna, former
ly capital of a duchy in Samogitia, with 3
churches, 1 for Roman Catholics, and 2 for
Protestants ; 15 S. Bauske, 50 N. Troki. Lon.
43. 50. E. Lat. 55. 16. N.
Bisaccia, or Bisaciq, t. Naples, in the Princi
pato Ultra. Bp. see, united to St. Angelo de
Lombard! ; 13 N. Conza, 40 E. Benevento.
Lon, 15. 21. E. Lat. 41. 3. N. Pop. 4,918.
Bisagu, isl. Africa, one of those called Bissa-
gos, in the Rio Grande ; 15 rn. from its mouth.
Bisano, isl. about 20 miles in circ, lying
off the NE. end of Celebes. Lon. 125. 5. E.
Lat. 2. 5. N.
Bisaniagan,X. Hind., Guzerat; 42 WNW. Gogo.
Bisbal, X. Spain, Catalonia; 15 SE. Gerona.
Biscara, X. Africa, in Zaab, of which it is the
capital; 100 SSW. Constantina, 150 SSE. Al
giers. Lon. 5. 12. E. Lat. 34. 35. N. It has
a Turkish garrison in a small castle built by
Hassan, bey of Constantina, on Roman foun
dations. The chief strength consists in 6 small
pieces of ordnance, and some large muskets
mounted on carriages.
Biscari, X. Sicily, in the valley of Noto ; 9 W.
Monte Rosso.
Biscay, pr. Spain, bounded N. by the Bay of
Biscay, E. by France and Navaire, S. by Bur
gos; including the 3 following subdivissions or
provinces : Sq.mr Pop. Capitals.
Biscay proper....l, 375  112,731....Bilboa.
Guipuscoa  653  104,479... .St. Sebastain.
Alava  1,138  71.396....Vittoria.

3,166 288,606
Biscay is a mountainous country, abounding
in wood, and has mines of lead and iron. It
abounds in apples, pears, lemons, oranges, figs,
nuts, and currants ; but produces little wine.
The air is mild and more temperate than the
rest of Spain. The country is well cultivated,
and the houses clean and convenient — The in
habitants call themselves Euscaldunae, and
boast of their descent from the ancient Canta-
bri, and preserve strong traces of the character
of that high spirited and independent people.
They are robust, brave, active, industrious, at
the same time haughty and irritable ; of open,
animated countenance and handsome persons.
Their language is supposed to be a dialect of
the Celtic, and nearly allied to the Armorican.
Biscay forms a kind of separate state dis
tinct from the rest of Spain, governed accord
ing to its ancient laws and usages. The king of
Spain, who is simply styled lord of Biscay, has
no right to impose taxes, and no custom hous
es were alowed till lately within the province.
Biscay Proper is bounded N.by the bav of
Biscay, E. by Guipuscoa, S. by Alava, and W.
by Santander. The coast is inhabited by sea
faring people and fishermen; and in the inte
rior great quantities of iron are extracted from

the ore and wrought into different articles. The
richest mines are in the vicinity of Bilboa and
Somorrosto. Biscay, (Bay of) that part of the Atlantic
which lies N. the province of Biscay, between
the projecting coasts of France and Spain, ex
tending from Ushant to Cape Finisterre.
Biscay, (Bay of) large bay on S. coast of
Newfoundland, between Cape Race and Cape
Pine. Lon. 53. 6. W. Lat. 46. 50. N. '
Biscay, (New,) or Durango, pr. Mexico,
bounded N. by New Mexico, E. by New
Leon, S. Zacatecas, and W. by Culiacan ; 600
miles long and 400 broad. Pop. 159,000. The
countiy is in general mountainous, and water
ed by a great number of rivers and brooks ; it
has some mines of silver and lead. Durango is
the capital.
Biscayno, small isl. in the gulf of Florida,
near the coast Lon 80. 23. W. Lat. 25.55. N.
Bischburg, or Bischofsburg, t. Prussia, in Ko
nigsberg; 54 S. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,607.
Bischdorf X. Prussia ; 8 NNW. BischofSwer-
der. Bischeim, X. France, in Lower-Rhine, on a
small river which runs into the Rhine, 8 NE.
Strasburg, 8 NW. Oberkirch.
Bischmarch, X. Prussia ; 72 SSW. Dantzic.
Bishoffiach, or Schosia Koloka, t. Carniola; 4
SSE. Crainburg, 72 NNE. Trieste. Lon. 14.
17. E. Lat. 46. 18. N.
Bisdioffrod, t. Pru. Erfurt ; 5 NNW. Schleu-
singen. Bischoffsheim, X. Baden, on the Tauber ; 32 E.
Heidelberg, 64 SE. Mentz. Lon. 9. 40. E. Lat.
49. 34. N. Pop. 1,873.
Bischoffstorf t. Stiria ; 13 ENE. Gratz.
Bischofsgottern, or Grossengottern, t. Pru.
Saxony, in Erfurt, on theUnstrutt Pop. 1,090.
Bischofshiem, X. Bav., on the Rhom ; 32 N.
Wurzburg, 16 NNW. Schweinfurt. Lon. 10.
12. E. Lat. 50. 28. N. Pop. 1,598.
Bischchofsheim, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 2
N. Strasburg. Pop. 1,406.
Biscliofsheim, X. Hesse Cassel, in Hanau; 6
ENE. Francfort on the Maine, 3 WNW. Ha
nau. Bischofslein, or Bistein, t. Prussia, in Konigs
berg ; 42 S. Konigsberg. Lon. 20. 55. E. Lat.
54. N. Pop. 2,230. Here is a Catholic gym
nasium. Bischofsgrun, X. Bav., Upper-Maine ; 6 W.
Wunsiedel, 1 1 NE. Bayreuth. Pop. 700.
Bischofswerda, X. Sax., in Meissen, on an isl
and in the river Wesenitz ; 20 E. Dresden, 28
E.Meissen. Lon. 14. 10 E. Lat. 51. 7. N.
Pop. 1,450. Its principal commerce is' white
thread. It has 2 Lutheran churches.
Bischofswerder, X. Prussia, in Marienwerder ;
63 SSE. Dantzic ; 94 SSW. Konigsberg. Lon-
19. 17. E. Lat. 53. 24. N. Pop. 1,200.
Bischofszelle, X. Switz., in Thurgau, with a
castle ; situated at the conflux of the Sitter and
Tbur; 8 NW. St. Gal, 11 S. Constance. Lon,
9. 13. E. Lat. 47. 26. N. Pop. 1,750.
Bischoltz, t. Prussia ; 25 S. Brandenburg.
Bischwald, t. Prussia ; 37 SE. Marienwerder.
Birchweiler, X. France, in Lower-Rhine, and
district of Haguenau ; 4 SE. Haguenau, 10 N.
Strasburg. Pop. 3,320. . It is situated on the
Motte, near the Rhine, defended by a castle.

BIS

199

BIS

Biscina, t. Urbino ; 8 S. Gubbio.
Biscopsvaare, X. Norway ; 48 E- Bergen.
Biscupia, X. Prussia ; 32 S. Marienburg.
. Bisdorf X. Anhalt Cothen ; 9 N. Cothen.
Biseglia, t. Naples, in Bari ; 5 E. Trani. Lon.
16. 35. E. Lat. 41. 8. N. Pop. 10,593. Bp. see.
It is situated on a hill, in a fertile country, near
the coast of the Adriatic.
Bisentina, or Presentina, small isl. Italy, in
Castro, in lake Bolsena, with a convent, church,
and gardens.
Bisentz, X. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 14 SW.
Hradisch. Pop. 2,548.
Bisert, X. Russia, on a small river, which runs
into the Upha, in Perm ; 80 SSE. Perm.
Biserta, see Bizerta.
Biseypour, t Hind., in Oude, on the Dewah ;
46 NW. Fyzabad.
Bishbesh, or Basta, (an. Bubastus, or Bubaste,
and Pibesel,) t. Egypt ; 40 NE. Cairo, 47 SW.
Tineh. Lon. 31. 52. E. Lat. 30. 33. N. It is
situated on the branch cut from the Khalits Abu
Meneggi, or Canal of Trajan, to that which
runs from the Nile to the lake of Menzaleh, near
Tineh, anciently the Pelusiac canal. Here are
many monuments ofantiquity and hieroglyph
ics. Enormous masses of granite, almost all
mutilated, lie in great heaps ; many of them
made into mill-stones, some of which, com
pletely cut, have been left on the spot, proba
bly from want of means to carry them away.
This city was raised on massy foundations of
unburnt brick ; the extent is about 600 or 700
fathoms each way. In the centre is an immense
basin, in the middle of which the monuments
are situated. In this city the feast of Diana was
celebrated annually by the Egyptians ; on which
occasion, Herodotus tells us, not less that
700,000 people assembled, besides children ; it
was a kind of bacchanalian orgy, and the quan
tity of wine consumed was astonishing. To this
place were sent all the mummies of cats made
in Egypt.
Bishbesh, r. Algiers, which rises in the prov
ince of Titterie, and being joined by several
other streams, forms the Yisser. It is so named
from the quantity of fennel found on its banks.
Bisheri, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 20 S.
Meia Sarekin.
Bishni, X. Persian Armenia, on the Zenghi ;
24 NE. Erivan.
Bishop, one of the Faroe Islands, in the N.
sea. (
Bishop and his Clerks, cluster of dangerous
rocks, near W. coast of South Wales, at the en
trance of St. George's Channel ; 4 W. St. Da
vid's. Lon. 5. 20. W. Lat. 51. 54. N.
Bishop and his Clerks, rocks in the bav of
Honduras. "Lon. 88. W. Lat. 15. 53. N.
Biskop's Aukland, see Aukland.
Bishop's Castle, X. Eng., in Shropshire, with a
well frequented market on Friday ; 16 SSW.
Shrewsbury, 152 NW. London. Pop. 1,367.
Bishop's Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
W. coast of Ireland, and county of Clare. Lou.
9. 35. W. Lat. 52. 38. N.
Bisliop's Islands, chain of small islands, among
the Western Islands of Scot, extetiuing about
12 miles from N. to S. ; the principal are Ber-
nera, Mingalla, and Pabbay, with a few islets.
Lon. 7, 35. W. Lat. 56. 48. N.

Bishop's Hatfield, see Hatfield.
Bishop's Stortford, X. Eng., in Herts, near the
borders of Essex, on a navigable canal, which
communicates with the river Lea ; 12 E. Hert
ford, 30 N. London. Lon. 0.12. E. Lat. 51.
52. N. Pop. 2,630. The principal business is
making malt, of which great quantities are sent
to London. It has a large market, especially
for corn, held on Thursday. Here was formerly
a castle. This town is built in the form of a
cross, having 4 streets turned to the cardinal
points ; and the river Stort runs through it.
Bishop's Waltham, X. Eng., in Herts, where the
bishops of Winchester formerly had a palace j
10 SSE. Winchester, 65 WSW London. Pop.
1,530. It has a weekly market on Friday.
Bishop Wearmouth, X. and parish, Eng., in
Durham, on the Wear ; 12 NNE. Durham, 272
N. London. Pop. 7,060. It took its name from
an ancient monastery ; has considerable manu
factures, and a cast-iron bridge over the river,
236 feet long.— Native, Bede.
Bisignano, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 14
N. Cosenza, 16 WSW. Rossano. Lon. 16. 33. E.
Lat. 39. 32. N. Bp. see. It contains 14 churches.
It is situated on a hill, near the river Cotila ;
surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains, and
defended by a strong fortress.
Biskem, X. Prussia ; 18 WSW. Heilsperg.
Biskupilz, X. Moravia, Znaym ; 15 N. Znaymv
Bislan, X. Egypt, on the Nile ; 3 S. Damietta.
Bisley, X. Eng., in Gloucester, near the canal
which unites the Severn with the Thames ; 10
SSE. Gloucester, 28 WNW. London. Pop.
4,757. There is a considerable manufacture of
broadcloth carried on here.
Bislig, X. on E. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 126.
18. E. Lat. 8. 6. N.
Bismark, t. Pru., in Brandenburg, in Magde
burg ; 12 W. Stendal. Lon. 11. 50. E. Lat. 52.
39. N. Pop. 846.
Bismeo, or Bixmea, X. Algiers ; 25 W. Algiers.
Bisnagar, or Annagoondy, city, Hind., in
Mysore, and circar of Sanore, once the capital
of a mighty kingdom, on the Toombudra ; 132
S. V'siapour, 172 N. Seringapatam. Lon. 76. E.
Lat. 15. 20. N. The air is very hot, but winter
nights extremely cold ; it rains every year for
3 months together. The soil is fruitful, well
watered, and abounds in cattle and deer, also
in lions, tigers, elephants, and boars. The em
peror was once so powerful as to bring into the-
field 3,400 horse, 76,000 foot, and 600 elephants.
In 1563, it was sacked and ruined by a confed
eration of Mahratta princes, since which it has
been deserted, and is now a vast heap of ruins.
Bisnatpour, X. Bengal, in Hoogly ; -65 SSW.
Calcutta. Lon. 87. 44. E. Lat 21. 49. N.
Bisnee, country, Asia, situated partly in Boo-
tan, and partly belonging to Bengal ; bounded
N. by mountains, E. by Assam, S. by the Bur-
rampooter, and W. by part of Bootan-Bisnee,
from which the whole is named. Bisnee is the
chief town.
Bisnee, X. Bootan, which gives name to a
country belonging partly to Bootan, and partly
to Bengal; 116 SE. Tassusadon, 186 E. Moor-
shedabad. Lon. 90. 46. E. Lat. 26. 28. N.
Bisperode, X. Ger., in Brunswick, district of
Eschershausen, on the Rempe. Pop. 1,017.

BIS

200

BIT

Bisraimpour, X. Bengal, Talamow ; 15 NNW.
(Palamow. Lon. 84. 3. E. Lat. 24. 8. N.
Biss, t. Prussia, which runs into the Pregel, 6
S. Insterburg.
Bissa, X. Servia, on the Danube ; 16 SSE. Or-
sova. Bissag, t. Croatia ; 16 NE. Agram.
Bissanpour, X. Hind., in Bahar; 5 W. Arrah.
Bissago, or Bissaux, or Bissao, isl. in the At
lantic, near W. coast of Africa, and the princi
pal of the cluster called Bissagos, 100 miles in
circumference. Lon. 14. 10. W. Lat. 11. 24. N.
The ground rises imperceptibly to the middle of
the island. The soil is cultivated and fertile,
abounding with several sorts of trees, particular
ly fine large orange and mangroves near the
shore. The inhabitants are Portuguese and
negroes intermixed. The island is divided into 9
provinces, 8 of which are governed by officers
appointed by the sovereign, each bearing the
title of king.
Bissagos, or Bissaos Islands, (an. Hesperides,)
cluster of 18 or 20 islands, near west coast of
Africa ; 255 S. Cape Verd. Lon. 15. W. Lat.
11. 30. N.
Bissao, isl. Africa, at the mouth of the Rio
Grande. Here the Portuguese have a settle
ment. Bissaree, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 8 SE.
Chatterpour. Lon. 80. E; Lat. 24. 53. N.
Bissendorf t. Han., in Osnabruck ; 5 SE. Os
nabruck. Bissenpraag, X. Cashmere, on the Alacanunda.
Lon. 79. 39. E. Lat. 30. 36. N. Pop. 5,000. It
is a place of pilgrimage.
Bissentchar, X. Hind , Oude ; 28 S. Lucknow.
Bissentz, Moravia, in Hradisch ; 5 N. Strass-
nitz. Bissengcn, X. Bavaria ; 4 SSW. Haarburg.
Bissipour, t. Bootan ; 32 E. Amerpour.
Bissoah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 12 E. Kairabad.
Bissolie, or Bissonly, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 27
W. Bereilly. Lon. 78. 50. E. Lat. 28. 20. N.
This was once a flourishing town, but is now
much reduced.
Bissoo, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 22 N. Camb'ay.
Bissoolic, or Bissolee, X. Hind., and principal
place of a district, in Lahore, on the Rauvee ;
65 NE. Lahore. Lon. 74. 57. E. Lat. 32. 22. N.
This town is fortified, and commands the en
trance to the northern hills.
Bissore, t. Hind., in Orissa ; 22 W. Balasore.
Bissory, harbour on W. coast of Mandioly,
with 12 fathom water. Lon. 123.40. E. Lat.
0. 18. S.
Bissow, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 3 WSW. Kiev.
Bissiwlah, X. Hind., in Rohilcund ; 25 W. Be
reilly, 85 ESE. Delhi. Lon. 79. 15. E. Lat. 28.
17. N.
Bissumpourgola, t. Bengal, in Rajemal ; 17 N.
Rajemal. Lon. 87. 52. E'. Lat. 25. 20. N.
Bissunpour, circar, Bengal, bounded W. by
Midnapour and Pachete, and elsewhere by
Burdwan ; about 40 miles long, and nearly as
much in breadth. Bissunpour is the capital.
Bissunpour, t. Hind., and capital of a circar
in Bengal ; 65 NW. Calcutta, 85 SW Moorshe-
dabad. Lon. 87. 29; E. Lat. 23. 5. N.
Bissunpour, t. Hind., Allahabad, at the union
of the Dewah with, the Ganges; 50 E. Gazy-
pour.

Bissy, X. Hind., Nagpour ; 22 S. by E. Nag-
pour. Bistagno, v. Piedmont ; 4 W. Acqui.
Bistam, or Bistain, X. Persia, in Comis ; 240
NNE. Ispahan, 300 W. Herat. Lon. 54. 30. E.
Lat. 35. 30. N.
Bistein, see Bischofslein.
Bistineau, lake, in W. part of the state of
Louisiana, 30 or 40 miles in length. Lon. 93.
20. W. Lat. 32. 20. N. It communicates with
Red River, on the S., and the Dacheet flows into
its N. end.
Bister, t. Switz., in Valais ; 30 E. Sion.
Bisterfelt, X. Prussia, in Pomerelia ; 9 WSW.
Mareinburg. Bistertz, X. Moravia, Brunn ; 5 NW. Brunn.
Bislra, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 6 SSE. Po-
litzka. H. 219.
Bistra, r. which rises in Transylvania, and
runs into the Temes, 4 N. Karansebes.
Bistraca, r. Circassia, which runs into the Cu
ban, Lon. 40. 29. E. Lat. 44. 45. N.
Bistraia, X. Russian Tartary, on W. side of the
Donetz; 70 ENE. Azoph.
Bistraia, r. Russian Tartary, which runs into
the Donetz, 64 NE. Azoph.
Bistraia, r. Kamtchatka, which runs into the
Bolchaia-raka, opposite_ Bolcheretskoi.
Bislrianka, X. Russian Tartary, on S. side of
the Don ; 100 ENE. Azoph.
Bistricz, or Bislrilz, X. Transylvania, in Sax-
enland, capital of a district, to which it gives
name, on the river Bistricz ; 42 NNE. Clausen-
burg, 256 E. Vienna. Lon. 23. 54. E. Lat. 47.
14. N. Pop. 4,566. It contains a Lutheran
gymnasium and a Catholic Latin school.
Bistricz, r. Transylvania, which runs into the
Samos, 4 SW. Kozorvar.
Bistritz, X. Moravia, in Prerau ; 8 ESE. Pre
rau. Lon. 17. 40. E. Lat. 49.22. N. Pop. 1,300.
Bistritz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 6 WSW. Els,
25 NNW. Brunn. Lon. 16. 6. E. Lat. 49. 31. N.
Bistritza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on a
river of the same name ; 20 SW. Jassy.
Bislritza, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Siret, 6 SE. Bakeu.
Bistritza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia ; 26
WSW. Kiranik.
Bistritza, r. Walachia, which runs into the
Tismana, 7 E. Kitzesti.
Bistriz, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 4 SW. Ben
eschaw. Bistroff, X. France, in Moselle ; 4 NNE. Mor-
hange. Bistry, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 10 miles
from Gitschin.
Bistvisi, X. Georgia, in Carduel ; 30 S. Teflis.
Bisuga, r. Russian Tartary, which runs into
the sea of Azoph, 48 SW. Eiskoi.
Bisuton, mt. Persia, in Irak ; 20 NNE. Kir-
manshah. Bisutan, t. Curdistan ; 25 NE. Amadieh, 35
S. Betlis.
Biswah, t. Hind., in Oude ; 37 N. by E. Luck
now. Bitaxa, now Badkis.
Bilche, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Moselle ; 3 posts S. Deux Ponts, 52
E. Paris. Lon. 7. 31. E. Lat. 49. 4. N. Pop.
2,481. It is situated on a river at the foot of

BIZ

301

BLA

the Vosges mountains, on the frontiers of Deux
Ponts. It was taken by Louis XIV., and forti
fied by Vauban.
Bilesch, X. Moravia, in Znaym ; 42 N. Znaym.
Lon. 16. 9. E. Lat. 49. 18. N. Pop. 2,597.
Bitelto, see Bidetto.
Bitford, X. Eng., in Warwick, on the Avon;
7. WSW. Stratford upon Avon, 101 NW. Lon
don. Betiscka- Weweroka, or Eihorn-Bilesch, X. Mo
ravia, in Brunn, on the Schwarga ; 8 NW.
Brunn. Fop. 1,847.
Bitlion, see Beulhen. e,
Bthynium, see Boston and Borla.
Bithynia, ancient countiy, on N. side of Asia
Minor, now in Natolia. Chief cities, Nicome-
dia, Nice, Prusa, and Chalcedon.
Bilo, km. Africa, in Negroland, E. of Tom-
buctoo. Bilontoj X. Naples, in Bari, about 8 miles from
the Adriatic; 7 S. Bari, 11 SE. Trani. Lon.
16. 40. E. Lat. 41. 12. N. Pop. 13,797. Bp.see.
Cathedral, 12 churches. Near Jhis town the
Spaniards, under the command of the duke of
Mortemar, obtained a decisive victory over the
Austrians, in 1734, by which the whole country
of Naples submitted to the crown of Spain.
Bitow, or Vottau, X. Moravia, in Znaym, with
a citadel on the Teya; 12 WNW. Znaym.
Bitschen, t. Prussia ; 6 N. Strasburg.
Bitschen, see Pitschen.
Bittburg, t. Pru., Lower Rhine, in Treves;
30 NE. Luxemburg. Pop. 1,282.
Bittendorff, X. Silesia, in Neysze ; 2 N. Otmu-
chau. Bitterfield, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg, sit
uated on the Moldau ; 16 S. Dessau, 18 SSW.
Wittenberg. Lon. 12. 23. E. Lat. 51. 39. N.
Pop. 1,460.
Bitlounjah, small circar, Hipd., situated W.
Bahar, and SE. Benares.
Bittrebund, circar, Bengal, bounded N. by
Coos-Beyhar, E. by Rangamatty and Bahar-
bund, S. by Baharbund, and W. by Rungpour ;
about 15 miles long, and 7 broad ; Coorsah
and Paradangah seem the chief towns.
Bivero, see Vivero.
Bivio, X. Switz. ; 22 NNE. Chiavenna.
Bivona, (an. Hipponium, and Vibo,) X. Naples,
in Calabria Ultra ; 10 NE. Nicotera.
Bivona, X. Sicily, in Mazara; 6 N. Calata
Bellota. Lon. 13. 36. E. Lat. 37. 41. N.
Bivoras, or Pedro Shoals, rocks in the Span
ish Main ; 30 S. Jamaica. Lon. 77. to 78. 20.
W. Lat. 17. 18. N.
Biurales, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 15 NW.
Hudwickswall. Biurgo, X. Sweden, West Bothnia; 45 NNE.
Umea. Biursaker, t. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 20
NW. Hudwickswall.
Bixby, t. Franklin co.. Ohio ; 24 NNE. Co
lumbus. Bizanlia, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia ; 40
SW.Birlat Bizarre Isle, in Lower Canada, a fertile and
well cultivated tract, 4 miles long and 2 broad;
enclosed by the lake of the Mountains and the
river des Prairies.
Bizen, X. Abyssinia; 20 SW. Arkjko. <
Vol. I. 26

Bizerta, or Benzert, (an. Hippo Diatrhytus, or
Zaritus,) s-p. Africa, in Tunis ; 30 N. Tunis.
Lon. 9. 48. E. Lat. 37. 10. N. Fop. 5,000. It is-
pleasantly situated upon a canal, betwixt an
extensive lake and the sea. The harbour, for
merly the finest in this part of Africa, now re
ceives only small vessels. It is about a mile ia
circuit, defended by several castles and batte
ries, the principal of which are towards the sea.
It was once large, and contained about 6,000
houses. The lake upon which Bizerta is situat
ed, has an open communication with the sea.
Besides fish and fruit of all kinds, the environs
abound with corn, pulse, oil, cotton, and a va
riety of other valuable productions. The gulf
of Bizerta, the Sinus Hipponensis oi the ancients,
is a beautiful and sandy inlet, near 12 miles in.
breadth. The bottom of it being low, presents'
a delightful prospect, through variety of groves
and plantations of olive trees, a great way into
the countiy; but to the eastward the eye is
bounded by a high rocky shore, which reaches
as far as Cape Zibeet, a distance of 21 miles.
Bizie, X. France, in Aube ; lONW.Narbonne,
Bizonnes, X. France, in Isere ; 12 NW. Moi-
rans. Bizoorgat, X. Candahar ; 70 SW. Cabul.
Bizu, X. Africa, in Morocco, on -a mountain,
in a fertile country ; 75 N. Morocco;
Bizya, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 50 E.
Adrianople. Black Bay, bay on SE. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 56. 20. W. Lat. 51. 48. N.
Black Bay, bay in N. part of lake Superior.
Lon. 88. 10. W. Lat. 48. 36. N.
Black Bay, bay in the Chesapeake, on the
coast of Virginia. Lon. 76. 21. W. Lat. 37. 9. N.
Black Bay, bay in the Atlantic, on the coast
of Virginia. Lon. 76. 4. W. Lat. 36. 35. N.
Blackbear Islands Lake, lake, N. A. full of
small islands ; about 30 miles long and from 5
to 10 wide. Lon. 105. 40. W. Lat. 55. 40. N.
Black Beard Island, isl. on the coast of Geor
gia, containing 1,600 acres. It belongs to the
U. S. government, and was purchased in 1800,
for ^15,000.
Blackbrook, r. Eng., which runs into the
Stour, near Loughborough, in Leicestershire.
Blackburn, X. Eng., in Lancashire, on the Der
went ; 21 NNW. Manchester, 203 NNW. Lon
don. Pop. 15,083. It is irregularly built, and
contains 2 churches of the establishment, 7 Dis
senting houses of public worship, a free gram
mar school, and other schools. It has exten
sive manufactures of calicoes or cotton goods ;
2 weekly markets, on Wednesday and Saturday,
and annual fairs in May and October.
Blackcavc Head, cape on E. coast of Ireland,
in the Irish sea. Lon. 5. 43. W. Lat. 54. 54. N.
Black Creek, r. New Jersey, which runs into
the Delaware, Lon. 75. 20. W. Lat. 39. 25. N.
Black Creek, r. Georgia, which runs into the
Savannah, Lon. 81. 18. W. Lat. 32. 16. N.
Black Creek, r. S. C, which runs into the
Pedee, Lon 79. 35. W. Lat. 34. 22. N.
Black Creek, -r. Va., which runs into York
river, Lon. 77. 15. W. Lat. 37. 34. N.
Black Down, mountainous district, Eng., in
SW. part of Somersetshire, on the borders of
Devonshire, about 4 S. Wellington. On this

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202

BLA

down are immense quantities of flints lying in
vast heaps, upwards of 600 yards in circumfer
ence, called Robin Hood's Butts, ,and supposed
to have been placed over the graves of men
who fell in the wars between the Danes and
Saxons. Blackford, v. Scot., in the county of Perth,
which, in 1715, was burned by the rebels.
Black Forest, see Forest.
Blackball Head, cape at SW. coast of Ireland,
at N. side of the entrance into Bantry Bay, in
the county of Cork. Lon.9.55.W. Lat.51.32.N.
Blackhead, cape on E. coast of Ireland, at N.
entrance into Belfast Lough ; 4 NE. Carrick
fergus. Blackhead, cape on S. coast of- Ireland, on
W. side of Kinsale harbour ; 5 S. Kinsale.
Blackhead, cape on W. coast of Ireland, on
S. side of the entrance into Galway bay. Lon.
9. 11. W. Lat. 53. 7. N.
Blackhead, cape on W. coast of Scot, in the
county of Wigton ; 6 WSW. Stranraer.
Blackhead, cape, Eng., on the coast of Corn
wall. Lon. 5. 4. W. Lat. 50. 1. N.
Blackhead, cape on the E. coast of New Zea
land ; 22 NNE. Cape Kidnapper.
Blackhead, cape on E. coast of New Holland,
forming NE. point of port Stephens ; 12 NE.
Point Stephens.
Blackhead, cape on E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 64. 50. W. Lat. 59. 58. N.
Blackheath, p-v. Randolph county, Illinois ;
W. 946.
Blackheath, open and elevated spot of ground
at NW. extremity of Kent, of some celebrity in
the history of England. Many good houses are
built on the heath ; and on the east side is Mor-
den college, an hospital erected by Sir John
Morden, a Turkey merchant, for the reception
of poor, decayed, honest merchants.
Black Foot Indians, on Maria's River, North
America. Lon. 111. W. Lat 48. N. No. 800.
Black Horse, p-v. Burlington co. N. J. ; W. 173.
Black Horse Tavern, p-v. Chester co. Pa. ;
W. 160.
Black Islands, islands near the coast of Lab
rador. Lon. 56. 30. W. Lat. 53. 54. N.
Black Island, small isl. on the east side of
Penobscot bay, Maine. Pop. 9.
Black Islands, see Heysan.
Black Lake River, r. Louisiana, which rises in
highlands in NW. part of the state, pursues a S.
course, passes through Black Lake, which is
15 or 20 miles in length, and joins the Saline
8 NE. Natchitoches, to form the Rigolet de
Bon Dieu.
Black Lake, or Oswegalchie Lake, lake, in St.
Lawrence co. N. Y. ; 20 miles long, and 2
broad ; S. of Ogdensberg. It is nearly parallel
to the St. Lawrence, about 4 miles distant. It
communicates with the Oswegatchie by an
outlet 3 or 4 miles long.
Black Lick, p-v. Indiana co. Pa. ; W. 199.
Pop. 1,303.
Black Lick, r. Ohio, which joins Big Walnut
river, 10 SE. Columbus.
Black Mountain, mt. N. H. in Peeling and
Lincoln ; NE. of Moosehillock.
Black Mountain, (an. Abnoba,) mt. in Ger.
near the sources of the Danube.

Black Mountains, tract of Scotland, in Argyle-
shire, supposed to be the most elevated public
road in Great Britain, between Stirling and
Fort William.
Blackley, X. Eng. in Lancashire ; 4 NE. Man
chester. Pop. 2,361.
Blackmoor Bay, "bay on E. coast of the Isle
of Wight. Lon. 0. 56. W. Lat. 50. 40. N.
Blackmoor Hill, eminence in the county of
Wicklow, near Blessington.
Blackness Castle, ancient fortress, Scot., on
S. side of the Forth, near Borowstonness. This
is one of four forts, which, by the Union, are to
be kept in repair. It has a governor, a lieuten
ant governor, and a small garrison.
Black Nib, cape, Ireland, on E. coast of
Down, on the Irish sea. Lon. 5. 24. W. Lat. 54.
21. W.
Black Point, or Saddle Point, the SW. cape
of Prince Charles' island, in the North sea.
Lon. 10. 33. E. Lat. 78. 13. N. ^
Black Pool, v. Eng., in Lancashire, on the
coast of the Irish sea, with accommodations for
sea-bathing; 3 SW. Poulton, 237 NNW. Lon
don. Black River, X. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 354.
Black River, v. Vt. which rises in Greensbor-
ough, and runs into lake Memphremagog.
Black River, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Corrib, 8 S. Ballinrobe.
Black River, r. Vt. which rises in Plymouth,.
and runs into the Connecticut, opposite^to
Charlestown. Black River, i. N. York, which after a NW.
course of 120 miles, flows into Hungary !Bay,
in Lake Ontario, N. of Sacket's Harbour. It
has a passage under ground nearly a mile, at a
distance of a few miles from its mouth. At {he
junction of Moose river it has falls of 63 feet;
and 45 miles below are Long Falls, where the
river descends by successive cataracts of 14,
12, and 24 feet, in the space of 24 miles. The
countiy watered by this river is very fertile.
Black River, r. N. C, which runs SSE. into
Cape Fear River ; 23 miles above Wilmington.
Black River, r. which rises near the sources
of the Gasconade and Merrimack, in Missouri,
and joins White River in Arkansas Territory,
about 40 below Poke Bayou, Lon. 92. W. Lat.
36. N. It is navigable for large boats more
than 100 miles at all seasons.
Black River, a name given to the Ouachita
after the junctions of the Tensaw and Ocata-
hoola. Its course from the junction to its un
ion with the Red River, is very winding, and
is 30 miles in length.
Black River, (Big,) r. Mississippi, which rises
between the head waters of the Yazoo and
Pearl river, and pursuing a SW. course of about
170 miles, flows into the Mississippi above the
Grand Gulf, Lat. 32. 2. N.
Black River, see Winee, and Washita.
Black River, r. America, which runs into
Honduras bay, Lon. 85. 28. W. Lat. 15. 50. N.
Black River, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake
Erie, 27 W. of the Cuyahoga.
Black River, r. S. C, which runs into the Fe-
dee, Lon. 99|5. W. Lat. 33. 29. N.
Black River, r. America, which runs into
Lake Michigan, Lon. 85. 52. W. Lat. 42. 42. N-

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Black River, r. Canada, which runs into lake
Superior, Lon. 86. 52. W. Lat. 48. 40. N.
Black River, r. N. America, which runs into
Black Bay, in lake Superior, Lon. 88. 14. W.
Lat. 48. 45. N.
Black Rock, small isl. near SE. coast of Ire
land, in St George's channel ; 4 SW. Cam-
sore Point, in Wexford. Lon. 6.27. W. Lat. 52.
10. N.
Black Rock, p-v. in the township of Buffalo,
Niagara co. N. Y., on the Niagara; 2JNW.
Buffalo. This village was burnt by the British
during the war. It is now flourishing and
pleasant, and contains a large ware-house, and
about 35 houses. Here is a ferriage across the
river. It is the station for steam-boats and
other vessels employed on the lake ; and has a
safe harbour, but the current is rapid, about 4
knots an hour.
Black Rock, small harbour, Fairfield co. Ct,
W. of Bridgeport.
Black Rock, rock, near W. coast of Ireland,
in Sligo Bay.
Black Rock, v. Ireland, on S. side of Dublin
bay, 4 miles from Dublin. It is a considerable
village, and much resorted to for sea bathing.
Black Rocks, rocks in the Atlantic, near W.
coast of Ireland ; 6 NW. Saddle-Head, on N.
coast of the island Of Achil. Lon. 10. 9. W.
Lat. 54. 4. N.
Blackrode, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 5 S. Chor-
ley. Pop. 1,623.
Black Sea, or Euxine Sea, inland sea, partly
in Europe and partly in Asia, bounded N. by
Russian Tartary, E. by Mingrelia, Circassia,
and Georgia, S. by Natolia, and W. by Eu. Tur
key. Lon. 28. to 41. 30. E. Lat. 41. to 46. 80.
N. Its length, from Romania to the mouth of
the Rione, is 932 miles ; its breadth, from Cape
Baba in Natolia to Odessa, about 380 ; circ.
about 3,800 miles. It communicates with the
sea of Azof by the straits of Caffa, and with
the sea of Marmora by the straits of Constan
tinople. The Black sea has been supposed to have
received its name from its black and rocky
shores, or from its dangerous navigation, or
from the darkness which often covers it dur
ing winter, in consequence of thick fogs and
heavy rains. Dr. Clarke states that the naviga
tion is rendered difficult not only by dark fogs,
but also by shallows which are laid down on
no chart, and by furious and sudden storms.
Some, however, represent the navigation as
not more dangerous than that of other seas.
The chief rivers that flow into this sea, are
the Danube, Dnieper, Dniester, Bog, Cuban,
Rione, Kizil-Ermak, and Sakaria. — The prin
cipal ports on the Black sea are Odessa, Ot-
chakov, Cherson, Eupatoria, Sevastopol, on
the north; and Sinobe and Trebisond on the
south. — The Turks granted by treaties in 1774
and 1791, a free passage to the Russian navy
through the Dardanelles. The Black sea was
opened to Austria in 1784. Since then it has
been opened to other European nations, and its
commerce greatly increased.
Black Swamp, p-v. in St. Peter's parish, S. C. ;
W. 644.
Black Walnut, p-v. Halifax cp. Va. ; W. 256.

Black Warrior, Cabo, or Tuscaloosa, r. Alaba
ma. It is the principal eastern branch of the.
Tombigbee, and joins the main river 80 miles
above St. Stephens, and is navigable to the falls,
60 or 70 miles. It rises not far S. of the river Ten-:
nessee. — At the Falls of the Black Warrior,
about 150 miles above St. Stephens, and 150
by the road S. of Huntsville, the town of Tus
caloosa was begun in 1816, which contained in
1818 upwards of 400 inhabitants.
Blackburn Springs, p-v. Johnson co. Ten.;
W. 667.
Blackford, X. Posey co. Indiana, about 35 S.
by W. Princeton.
Blacksod Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on W.
coast of Ireland, between the Mullet and the,
main land of the county of Galway. Lon. 9.
48. W. Lat. 54. 7. N.
Blacksod Point, cape, Ireland, at S, extremi
ty of the Mullet, in the county of Mayo, at the
entrance into Blacksod Bay. Lon. 9. 52. W. Lat.
54.6. N.
Blackstairs, mountains between the counties
of Wexford and Carlow.
Blaekstock's Hill, eminence in S. C, near the
river Tyger. In 1780, an action was fought
here between the British under General Tarle-
ton, and the Americans under General Sump-
ter, in which the former were worsted.
Blakstocks, p-v. Chester district, S. C. ; W.
470. Blackstone, r. which rises in Worcester co.
Mass., and passing into R. I., takes the name
of Pawtucket.
Blackstone's Island, small isl. Va., in the Po
tomac Lon. 76. 50. W. Lat. 38. 16. N.
Blaekstones, mt. Ireland, in Kerry; 12 W.
Killarney. Blacktail, great shoal of sand, Eng., on the
coast of Essex, which runs out to sea for seve
ral miles from Shrewsbury Ness. A mark is
erected at the end, as a sea-mark.
Blackwall, v. Eng., E. London, to which it
in effect joins, on the side of the Thames, long
celebrated for its docks and yards.
Blackwater, r. N. H., which flows into the
Contoocook, in NE. part of Hopkinton.
Blackwater, r. Va., which joins the Nottoway,
to form the Chowan, Lon. 77. 2. W. Lat. 36.
30. N.
Blackwater, r. Va., which runs into the sea,
at Black Bay, Lon. 76. 10. W. Lat. 36. 30. N.
Blackwater, r. Md., which runs into the Ches-
apeak, Lon. 76. 15. W. Lat. 38. 24. N.
Blackwater, r. Michigan, which flows into
Lake Michigan, 24 NNE. St. Joseph's river.
It is 60 miles long, and navigable for canoes
nearly to its source.
Blackwater, r. Eng. in Essex, which rises from
Saffron-Walden, and is at first a continuation o.
the river Pant, increased by the Chelmer, at
Maiden, and 10 miles below joins the main
ocean. It is celebrated for oysters.
Blackwater, r. Eng., which rises near Cran-
bourn, in Dorsetshire, and joins the Stour near
its mouth.
Blackwater, X. Ireland, in Armagh ; 5 NNW.
Armagh. Blackwater, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Neagh ; 5 NNE. Charlemont

side

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Blackwater, r. Ireland, which runs into the
sea, near Youghal, in the county of Cork.
Bladen, co. in S. part of N. C. Pop. in
1810, 5,671 ; slaves 1,985. Pop. in 1820, 7,276.
Chief town, Elizabethtown.
Bladensburg, p-t. Prince George's co. Md.,
on the Eastern Branch of the Potomac ; 5 NE.
Washington. Lon. 76. 57. W. Lat. 38. 56. N.
It contains about 100 houses. A battle was
fought here on the 24th of August 1814, be
tween the English and Americans, in which
the latter were defeated. This success of the
British led the way to the conquest and burning
of Washington.
Blaesheim, v. France, in Lower-Rhine; 5
Strasburg.. Pop. 800.
Blagaitski, t. Croatia ; 10 NNW. Sluin.
Blagnac, t. France, in Upper-Garonne, on
the Garonne; 3 NW. Toulouse. Pop. 1,118.
Blagovelschenskoi, X. Russia, in Archangel,
near SE. coast of the White Ses; 70 SW.
Archangel. Blain, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Lower-Loire ; 18 NNW. Nantes,-40
S. Rennes. Lon. 1. 38. W. Lat. 47. 29. N.
Pop. 1,897. Near this town the Royalists were
defeated with great loss, by the French Repub
licans, in the month of December, 1793.
Blainville, X. France, in Channel ; 5 W. Cou-
tances, 13 N. Grenville.
Blainville-sur-l'Eau, X. France, in Meurte ;
4 SW. Luneville, 12 SE. Nancy. Pop. 528.
Blair, or Blair Athol, X. Scot., in Perth, with
a castle called Blair-Castle, the seat of the
duke of Athol ; 36 N. Perth, 80 S. Inverness.
Pop. 2,515.
Blair Gowrie, X. Scot, in Perthshire ; 17 N
of Perth. It is the borough of a barony.
Blairsville, p-v. York district, S. C. ; W. 450.
Blaise, r. France, which runs into the Marne,
near Larzicour, in Marne.
Blaise, t. France, in Upper-Marne ; 12 NNW.
Chaumont Blaisois, before the revolution a province of
France, bounded E. by Orleannois, S. by Ber
ry, W. by Touraine, and N. by Vendomois and
Diinois. The country is accounted one of the
most agreeable in France. Blois was the cap
ital. Btaison, t. Erance, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 8
SE. Angers. H. 220.
Bldkely, p-t. and cap. Baldwin co. Alabama,
on the Tensaw, or east channel of the Mobile ;
6 N. Mobile bay, 10 ENE. Mobile, W. 1100.
Lat. 30. 43. N. This town was laid out in 1813,
by Josiah Blakely, Esq. The streets are laid
out 99 feet wide, crossing each other at right
angles, running N. and S., E. and W. The site
occupies a mile square, and is elevated and
pleasant. The harbour is convenient and se
cure. Vessels drawing 12 feet water can enter
the port at full tide, and those that draw 16
feet, can approach Within 12 miles. The town
is abundantly supplied with excellent water,
and is expected to become a place of commer
cial importance. A newspaper is published
here. Blakeley, X. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 450.
i Blakeney, Snitterly, v, Eng,, in Norfolk, on a
Tiyer near the German sea, with a small har

bour for vessels which trade for timber and
coals ; 5 NW. Holt, 138 NNE. London.
Blamont, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Meurte ; 13 E. Luneville, 25 E. Nancy.
Lon. 6. 55. E. Lat. 48. 35. N. Pop. L863.
Blamont, t. France, in Doubs; 9 ^W. Po.
reiitrui, 4 N. St. Hypolite.
Blanc, see Mont Blanc.
Blanc-en-Berry, (Le,) X. France and princi-
pal place of a district, in Indre; 18 W. Argen
ton, 27 WSW. Chateauroux. Lon. I. 8. E.
Lat. 46. 38. N. Pop. 3,850.
Blanca, small isl. near the coast of Hondu
ras. Lon. 86. 42. W Lat. 15. 50. N.
Blanca, small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Yucatan. Lon. 88. 20. W.
Lat. 21. 15. N.
Blanca, small isl. in the Pacific Ocean, near
the coast of America. Lat. 16. 30. N.
Blanca, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near
the coast ; 12 SSE. Vera Cruz.
Blanca, small isl. in the Caribbean sea, about
100 miles from the coast of S. A. Lon. 63.40.
W. Lat. 11. 40. N.
Blanche Island, or Burnt Island, small isl. in
the Indian sea, near the coast of Adel. Lon.
47. 55. E. Lat. 11. 10. N.
Blankstettin, X. Bav. ; 3 NNW. Berngries.
Blanckamer, X. Brabant ; 2 S. Breda.
Blanconi, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
E. coast of Africa. Lat, 7. 40. S.
Blandford, p-t. Hampden co. Mass.; 16 W.
Springfield, 104 WSW. Boston, W. 381. Pop.
1,515. Blandford, t. Prince George co. Va., on S.
side of the Appomatox, bordering on Peters
burg, and included within the borough of Pe-.
tersburg. On the 7th March 1819, 50 or 60
buildings, including 2 tobacco warehouses, the
principal part of the village, were destroyed by
fire. See Petersburg.
Blandford, or Blanford Forum, X. Eng., in
Dorset, on the Stour, in a plain and fertile
country ; 23 W. Salisbury, 105 W. London.
Pop. 2,425. Few towns have handsomer build
ings and shops. Market-day on Saturday.
The principal manufacture of the town and
neighbouring villages is that of thread, waist
coat and shirt-buttons, which employs many
thousand women and children.
Blandona, now Zara Vecchia.
Blanerhasset's, see Blannerhasset's Island.
Blanes, (an. Blanda,) t. Spain, in Catalonia,
on the Mediterranean, at the mouth of the
Tordera ; 34 NE. Barcelona. Lon. 2. 38. E.
Lat. 41. 42. N. Pop. 3,600.
Blangies, v. Hainaut ; 8 SE. Mons.
Blangis,X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 14NNE.
Neufchatel, 20 E. Dieppe. Pop. 1,718.
Blangy, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 6NE.
Hesdin. Blangy, X. France, in Calvados ; 4 SE. Pont
l'Eveque, 24 E. Caen. Pop. 771.
Blanguelade, v. France, in Somme, at a ford
on the Somme.
Blankenau, X. Hesse-Cassel, Fulda. Pop. 375.
Blankenburg, s-p. and fortress, Flanders, near
the sea coast; 10 NE. Ostend. Pop. 1,960.
Blankenburg, X. Pru. Dusseldorf; 20 SE. Co.,
logne, Pop. 1,300.

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BLE

Blankenburg, t. Ger., in Schwartzburg Ru-
dolstadt, on the Rinne ; 20 S. Weimar. Lon.
11. 21. E. Lat. 50. 39. N. Pop. 884.
Blankenburg, principality, in Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunswick. It is about 20
miles long, and about 8 wide ; lying partly on
the Harz mountain, and partly near it. In the
northern part it is fertile in corn, the rest, which
lies on the Harz, abounds in woods with quar
ries of marble and iron mines. Sq. m. 145.
Pop. 11,614. H. 1,865.
Blankenburg, X. Ger., in Brunswick, and cap
ital of a principality to which it gives name ;
7 S. Halberstadt, 7 ESE. Wernigrode. Lon.
10. 37. E. Lat. 51. 48. N. Pop. 2,768. It con
tains a gymnasium, a hospital, and 3 chh. Here
are large depots of iron, marble, and earthera
ware. Blankenhayn, X. Ger., in Weimar ; 9 SW. Je-
na,jl6ESE. Erfurt. Lon. 11.20. E. Lat. 50.
61. N. Pop. 1,970.
Blankenheim, X. Pru. Aix la Chapelle, 36 NNE.
Treves. Lon. 6. 37. E. Lat. 50. 32. N. Pop.
460. Blankense, v. Denmark, in Holstein, on the
Elbe ; 9 Hamburg. Pop. 2.000.
Blankensee, X. and lake, Pru., in Brandenburg;
6 E. Belitz.
Blankenstein, X. Pru. Arensberg, on an emi
nence near the Rhur; 13 ENE. Dusseldorf.
Pop. 511.
Blankersdorf X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 9
W. Leypa.
Blannerhasset's Island, isl. in the Ohio, op
posite Belpre ; 13 below Marietta. It is a beau
tiful and fertile island, containing about 300
acres. Blanquefort, X. France, in Gironde ; 5 N.
Bourdeaux. Eop. 1,990.
Blanquillo, mt. S. A. in Chili. Lat. 35. 4. S.
Its height is estimated at 20,000 feet.
Blansko, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 10 N. Brunn.
Pop. 980.
Blantyre, t Scot, in Lanerkshire ; 2 W.
Hamilton. Blonzac, X. France, in Gard ; 3 SSW. Uzes.
Blanzac, X. France, in Charente, on the river
Nay ; 12 SSW. Angoulesme. Pop. 546.
Blaphose, X. Pru., in Culm ; 30 ENE. Culm.
Bloregnies, v. Hainaut; 9 S. Mons. See
Malplaquet. Blaringhcm, X. France, in North ; 6 SE. St.
Omer, 4 WSW. Hazebrouck.
Blasiencella, X. Ger., Saxe-Gotha, 16 S. Go
tha. Pop, 1,200. Native, J. F. Schmidt.
Blasij Zelle, X. Ger., in Gotha, in which is a
manufacture of fire-arms; 16 S. Gotha.
Blasimont, X. France, in Gironde ; 10 N. La
Reolle, 20 E. Blamont. Pop. 886.
Blaskets, or Ferriter Islands, cluster of islands
in the Atlantic, near W. coast of Ireland ; the
largest being about 3 miles long, and half a
mile broad. This island lies at N. side of the
entrance into Dingle Bay. Lon. 10. 22. W.
Lat. 52. 5. N.
Blatana, t. A. Turkey, in the government of
Trebisond ; 5 SW. Trebisond.
Blatchingworth, populous village or district in
Lancashire, forming a part of the town of Hud-
dcrsfield; 6 NE. Roehdale. Pop. 2,480.

Blalna, t. Bohemia, in Prachatiz; 25 N. Pra
chatiz, 44 SSW. Prague. Lon, 13. 50. E. Lat.
49. 26. N. H. 190.
Blatun, now Middleby.
Blau, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the Da
nube, at Ulm.
Blaubeuren, X. Wurtemberg, the seat of a
small bailiwick, on the Blau; 7 W. Ulm. Lon.
9. 78. E. Lat. 48. 46. N. Pop. 1,763.
Blauenthal, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 5 SW.
Schwartzenberg. Blavet, r. France, which runs into the sea,
opposite to Belle Isle.
Blavet, (an. Blavia,) see Port Louis.
Blaufelden, X. Bav. ; 3 NE. Gerhardsbron.
Blavignac, X. France, in Lozere ; 6 S. St.
Chely d'Apcher.
Blausluys, X. Holland ; W. Gertrudenberg.
Blauzac, X. France, in Gard ; 8 N. Nimes.
Blaye, or Blayes, (an. Blavia,) s-p. France,
and seat of a tribunal, in Gironde ; 20 N. Bour
deaux. Lon.0. 34. W. Lat. 45. 8. N. Pop.
3,580. It is situated on the right side of the
river Gironde, near its conflux with the Dor
dogne. It is divided into Upper and Lower
Town. The citadel has four bastions, surround
ed with good works, and deep wide ditches ; it
is likewise defended by a fort called Pate',
built on an island in the Gironde, which is
there 1,900 toises wide. Vessels deposit their
arms and cannon at Blaye, before they go to
Bourdeaux. Blazey Bay, bay in the English Channel, on
S. coast of Cornwall, between Fowey and
Deadman Point.
" Blechingley, X. Eng., in Surry. It is a bo
rough, and sends 2 members to parliament ; 6
E. Ryegate, 20. S. London. Pop. 1,116.
Blechington, v. Eng., Oxford ; 7 N. Oxford.
Bleda, X. Popedom, in the Patrimonio ; 12 S.
Viterbo. Bledsoe, co. in W. part of Tennessee ; W.
647. Pop. 4,005. Chief town, Pikeville.
Bleeda, (an. Bida,) X. Algiers, in Titterie,
surrounded with mud walls ; 33 E. Shershcll.
Lon. 3. 8. E. Lat. 36. 23. N.
Bleicherode, X. Pru. Saxony, in Erfurt ; 10
SW. Nordhausen, 20 N. Muhlhausen. Lon. 10.
35. E. Lat. 51. 26. N. Pop. 1,805.
Bleidenstadt, X. Nassau ; 9 NNW. Mentz.
Bleinfeld, X. Bav. ; 14 N. Aichstatt.
Bleistein, or Pleistein, X. Bav., circle of the
Regen ; 22 ENE. Amberg. Lon. 12. 21. E.
Lat. 49. 38. N. Pop. 2,650.
Blekede, X. Han., in Luneburg, ontheElbe;
20 ENE. Luneburg. Pop. 1,378.
Blekingen, or Carlscrona, district, Sweden,
bounded N. by Smaland, E. and S. by the Bal
tic, and W. by Scania, about 90 miles in
length, and 26 in breadth ; the country is
mountainous, but one of the most agreeable in
the kingdom. The principal trade is in pot
ash, pitch, tar, tallow, hides, timber, Sic. Pop.
67,200. Sq. m. 930. Chief town, Carlscrona.
Bleknas, small isl. at the entrance of the gulf
of Bothnia, near the coast of Finland. Lon.
21. 8. E. Lat. 62. 52. N.
Bleneau, X. France, Yonne ; 6 NW. St. Far-
geau. Pop. 1,100.
Blenheim, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y., on W. side

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of Broome ; 22 SW. Schoharie, 47 WSW. Alba
ny, W. 381. Pop. 1,826.
Blenheim, or Blindheim, v. Bavaria, circle of
the Upper Danube, and district of Hockstatt ;
2NE. Hockstatt, 8 SW. Donauwert. It is
celebrated for a victory obtained here by
the English and their allies, under the com
mand of prince Eugene, and the duke of Marl
borough, over the French and Bavarians, com
manded by Marshal Tallard, and the Elector
of Bavaria, on the 13th August 1704. The
French and Bavarians lost 10,000 killed, 13,000
made prisoners, and 100 pieces of cannon. Of
the allies about 4,500 were killed, and about
8,000 wounded or taken. This is indifferently
called the battle of Hochstatt and Blenheim.
Blenheim House and Park, see Woodstock.
Blenkensop, an. castle, Eng., Northumber
land, on the river Tippal ; 2 NW. Haltwhistle.
BlenodfX. France, in Meurte ; 5 S. Toul, 14
SW. Nancy.
Bleonne, r. France, which runs into the Du
rance, near Mees, in Lower-Alps.
Blerancourt, X. France, in Aisne ; 6 S. Chau-
ny, 10 NW. Soissons. Pop. 892.
Blire', X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 6 S.
Amboise, 12 ESE. Tours. Pop. 2,116.
Blergies, X. France, in Somme ; 8 SW. Poix.
H. 280.
Blerville, X. France, in Vosges ; 5 E. La
March, 22 WSW. Epinal.
Bleschino, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 3 E.
Konigingratz. Blesen, X. Pru. Posen ; 48 W. Posen. Pop. 807.
Blesle, t. France, in Upper-Loire, on the
Alaignon, and containing 2 parishes ; 10 W.
Brioude, 18 N. St. Flour. Pop. 1,414.
Blessington, t. Ireland, in Wicklow ; 5 SW.
Naas, 20 NW. Wicklow. Pop. 400.
Blestium, now Monmouth.
Biel, X. France, Cher ; 18 SE. Bourges.
Blellerans, X. France, in Jura ; 6 NW. Lons-
le-Saunier. Pop. 800.
Blevio, t. Switz., Grisons; 12 SE. Furstenau.
Blevy, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 9 SSW.
Dreux. Blexen, t. Ger., in Oldenburg ; 30 NNE. Ol
denburg. Bleymard, X. France, in Lozere ; 10 E.
Mende. Pop. 710.
BleystOdt,X. Bohemia, Saatz ; 9 WNW. Elnbo-
gen ; 75 W. Prague. Lon. 12. 32. E. Lat.50.14. N.
Bleyswelch, t. Pru. Minden ; 4 S. Wunnenberg.
Bleyswick, X. Holland ; 8 N. Rotterdam.
Blies, r. Ger., which rises about 4 N. St.
Vendel, and runs into the Sarre, near Sargue-
mines. Blies-Castel, t. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine ;
5 W. Deux Ponts, 10 E. Sarbruck. Pop. 1,278.
Bligh's Cap, or Bligh's Night Cap, small isl.
in the S. Pacific Ocean, near Kerguelen's land.
Lon. 68. 40. E. Lat. 48. 29. S.
Bligh's Island, isl. in N. part of Prince Wil
liam's Sound, near W. coast of N. America,
about 20 miles in circ. Lon. 213. 43. E. Lat.
60. 52. N.
Bligny sur Ouche, X. France, in C6te-d'0r ; 9
NW Beaune
Blikovskoi, small isl. in the Frozen Sea. Lon.
125. 14. E. Lat. 71.30. N.

Blind Harbour, bay on S. coast of Ireland, in
county of Cork. Lon. 9. 4. W Lat. 51 .31. N.
Blis, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu
phrates ; 20 WSW. Racca.
Blitas, (Las,) cluster of small islands in lake
Nicaragua; 16 SE. Grenada.
Blithe, r. Erig., which runs into the Trent, 4
NE. Lichfield.
Block Island, (Indian name, Mannisses,) small
isl. in Newport co., R. I. ; 15 SSW. Point Ju
dith, 23 SSW. Newport. Lon. 71. 30. W. Lat. 41.
8. N. It constitutes the township of New Shore-
ham ; is 8 miles from N. to S., and from 2 to 4
broad. The surface is uneven, the soil various,
producing chiefly corn, barley, and potatoes.
Pop. 955.
Blockley, t. Philadelphia co. Pa., W. side of
the Schuylkill ; 3 W. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,665.
Bloczyll, or Bloczyllschans, X. and fort, Hol
land, in Overissel ; 28 S. Lewarden, 32 WNW.
Covorden. Lon. 5. 52. E. Lat 52.45. N. Pop.
1,325. It is situated at the mouth of the Steen-
wycker Aa, where it enters the Zuyder Sea,
with a harbour capable of containing 200 ves
sels ; defended with six bastions, and well for
tified. Blohhofen, X. Bav. ; 8 S. Culmbach.
B7ois,(an. Blesce, and Castrum Blesense,) city,
France, and capital of Loir-and-Cher; 7 posts
SW. Orleans, 21£ SW. Paris. Lon. 1.-20.E.
Lat. 47. 35. N. Pop. 13,054. Before the revo
lution, a bp. see, the seat of a Iieutenant-gener ,
ral, a grand bailiwick, and capital of the Blai*
sols, once the abode of the kings of France. It
is situaed in a fertile and agreeable country,
and trades in wine, brandy, corn, wood, and
fruit; and has manufactures, of serge, stamine,
glass, hardware, Sic. There are several foun
tains in different parts of the town, supplied by
an aqueduct, supposed to have been erected
by the Romans.
Blomberg, t. Ger., in Lippe Detmold ; 8 SE.
Lemgow, 22 NNE. Paderborn. Lon. 8. 51. E.
Lat. 51. 56. N. Pop. 1,617.
Blolmeholm, X. Sweden, in Bahus.
Blomel Sound, narrow strait of the North
Sea, between the islands of Yell and Unst.
Blomendaal, v. N. Holland, near Haarlem.
Pop. 1,051.
Blomo, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, be
tween the island of Aland, and the coast of Fin
land. Lon. 20.52. E. Lat. 60. 31. N.
Blonay, barony and castle, Switz., in Vaud;
l^mille from the lake of Geneva, 2 NE.Vevay.
Blond, X. France, in Upper Vienne ; 5 W.
Bellac H. 250.
Blondvaury, X. France, in Charente ; 15 E.
Confolens. H. 540.
Blonie, t Poland ; 16 W. Warsaw. Pop. 797.
Bloniza, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder ;
8 below Oppeln.
Bloody-Bay, bay on N. side of Egmont, or
New Guernsey, W. Harvey's Point.
Bloody Bay, channel of the Caledonian sea,
between the islands of Mull and Icolmkill.
Lon. 6. 33.W. Lat. 56.20N.
Blood Indians, Indians, N. America. Lon.
123. W. Lat. 53. 25. N.
Bloody-Island, isl. in the harbour of Port Ma-
hon, in Minorca.

BLO

207

BLU

Bloody Paint, cape on SW. coast of St.
Christopher's. Lon. 62.41. W. Lat. 17. 24. N.
Bloody Farland Point, cape on NW. coast of
Ireland, in Donegal; 35 WNW. Londonderry.
Lon. 8. 11. W. Lat. 55.10. N.
Bloody Run, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. ; W. 191.
Bloom, X. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 445.
Bloom, X. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 205.
Bloom, X. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,626.
Bloom, X. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 1,613.
Bloomfield, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on W.
side of the Kennebeck, opposite Canaan ; 5 E.
Norridgewock, W. 646. Pop. 889. It is a
considerable town and contains an academy.
Here is a bridge across the Kennebeck.
Bloomfield, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. Pop. 3,621.
It is a large and excellent agricultural town, di
vided into East and West-Bloomfield ; East-
Bloomfield is 6 W. Canandaigua, W. 373. West-
Bloomfield, or Bloomville, is 12 W. Canandai
gua, W. 377.
Bloomfield, p-t. Essex co. N. J. ; 4 NW.
Newark, 12 W. New-York, W. 222. Pop. of
the township 3,085. the village is pleasant and
flourishing, and contains 3 large paper mills, 3
manufactories of woollen, 1 of cotton, 3 tan.
neries, a Presbyterian meeting house of stone,
and a respectable academy. The academy
building is of brick, 4 stories high.
Bloomfield, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on Grand
River, 16 Warren, W. 346. Pop. 166. Grand
river is navigable for boats to this town.
Bloomfield, p-t. Pickaway co. Ohio; 8 N.
Circleville, 17 S. Columbus.
Bloomfield, i. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 114.
Bloomfield, X. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 318.
Bloomfield, X. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 468.
Blooming Grove, p-t. Orange co. N . Y. ; 12
W. West-Point, W. 258. Pop. 2,219.
Bloomingburg, p-v. in Mamakating, N. Y. ;
W. 283.
Bloomingsville, p-v. Huron co. Ohio ; W. 427.
Bloomsburg, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa.;
W. 186.
Bloomsburg, p-v. Halifax co. N. ; W. 286.
Bloomsburg, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J., near
theentranceof the Musconecunkinto the Dela
ware ; W. 200.
Blore-Heath, place, Eng., .in Stafford, on the
borders of Shropshire, where a bloody battle
was fought between the Yorkists and Lancas
trians, on the 23d of September, 1459.
Blot I'Eglise, or Blot le Roche, X. France, in
Allier; 10 W. Gannat.
Blotno, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 16 N. Lida.
Blowitz, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 10 SSE. To-
pel. Pop. 1,262.
Blowitz, X. Bohemia, in Klattau, on the Bra-
tawa ; 10 SSE. Topel. Pop. 1,260.
Blouere, (La,) X. France, in Mayne-and-
Loire ; 9NW. Chollet.
Blount, co. East Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
8,839; slaves 806. Pop. in 1820, 11,258 ; slaves
1,050. Chief town, Maryville.
Blount, co. Alabama. Pop. 2,415. Chief town,
Blountsville. Blucksvelt-bay, or Bluefield-Bay, bay on E.
coast ofNicaragua. Lon. 83. 10. W. Lat. 11.
40. N.
Blountsville, p-t and cap. Sullivan co. Ten. ;
130 ENE. Knoxville, W. 428,

'Bloye, X. France, Upper-Rhine ; 3 N. Befort.
Blue Anchor, p-v. GloucesteT co. N. J. ; W.
165. Blue Earth River, i. Louisiana, which runs
into the Kansas.
Bluefield's Bay, bay on SW. of Jamaica.
Lon. 79. 59. W. Lat. 18. 10. N.
Blue- Ground Range, rocks in the bay of
Honduras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88.
35. W. Lat. 16. 50. N.
Blue Hills, ridge of mountains in Notting
ham, Barrington, Strafford, and Rochester,
N. H.
Blue Hills, see Milton.
Bluehill, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, at the
head of Bluehill bay ; 15 E. Castine, 264 NE.
Boston, W. 693. Lon. 68. 34. W. Lat. 44. 23. N.
Pop. in 1810, 658; in 1S20, 957. It contains a
Congregational and a Baptist meeting house,
and an academy. Blue-hill, the eminence
which gave name to the place, is situated near
ly in the centre of the town, and rises to the
height of 960 feet above the level of the sea. It
is seen from considerable distance at sea, and
from its summit there is presented a very exten
sive and picturesque view of the islands in and
about Penobscot and Bluehill bays,
Bluehill Bay, bay, on the coast of Maine, one
W. side Mount Desert Island ; 12 E. Penobscot
bay. Blue Licks, several salt springs on Licking;
River, Ken. ; W. 405.
Blue Lick, (Upper,) p-v. Fleming co. Ken. ;
W. 522.
Blue Lick, (Lower;) see Ellisville.
Blue Mountain, mt. Peeling, N. H. ; E. of
Moosehillock. Blue Mountain, ridge in Pa., which extends
from the Delaware to the Susquehanna,
through the counties, of Northampton, Berks,
and Dauphin.
Blue Ridge, or South Mountains, the east
ern range of the Alleghany mountains, branch
ing off from the main range in North Carolina,
crossing the state of Virginia, and extending to
the Highlands on the Hudson, N. Y. The most
noted summits are the Peaks of Otter.
Blue River, one of the head branches of Red
River, Louisiana.
Blue River, (Big,) r. Indiana, which flows
into the Ohio, 2 W. Levenworthville.
Blue River, (Little,) r. Indiana, which flows
into the Ohio, 10 or 12 miles below Big Blue
River. Blue Rock, X. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop.
557. Blue Stone, r. Giles co. Va., which runs into
the Great Kenhawa.
Bluewater, r. Louisiana, which runs into the
Missouri, 9 E. of the Kansas.
Bluff Point, cape, on the coast of N. Caroli
na. Lon. 76. 39. W. Lat. 36. 3. N.
Bluff Springs, p-v. Jefferson co. Mississippi ;
W. 1,231.
Blum, X. Prussia ; 3 NE. Marienburo-.
Blumberg, X. Baden, and lordship of Baar; 10
N. Schaft'hausen, 13 SW. Duttlingen, "Lon. 8.
29. E. Lat. 47. 53. N. Pop. 585.
Blumenau, t. Han., Calenberg, on the Aue;
10 NW. Hanover. Pop. 109.
Blumenau, t. Prussia; 15 S. Eibing.

BOB

208

BOC

Slumenfeld, t. Baden ; 8 NNE. Schaffhausen,
SI NW. Constance.
Blumenthal, or Plumenthal, t. Bav. ; 2 S.
Aicha. Blumenthal, t. Hanover, in Bremen ; 12 NW.
Bremen. Pop. 263.
Blumenstein, t. Switz., in Berne; 11 SSE.
Berne, famous for its mineral waters.
Blultaw, X. Pru. Ermeland ; 5 S. Frauenburg.
Blyring's Sound, or Port Andrews, bay on
W. coast of N. America. Lon. 211. E. Lat. 59.
28. N.
Blysoog, r. South-Wales, which runs into the
Tivy, about 3 SSE. Cardigan.
Blyth, X. Eng., in Nottingham, with a weekly
market on Thursday ; 3 N. Nottingham, 150
NNW. London. Pop. 589.
Blyth, or Blyth-Nook, small s-p. Eng., on the
coast of Northumberland. Lon. 1.34. W. Lat.
55. 1. N. Pop. 1,522. Its chief trade is in coals
and salt.
Blyth, r. Eng., which runs into the German
Ocean near Southwold, Suffolk.
Blyth, r. Eng., which runs into the Tame,
about a mile from Coleshill, in Warwickshire.
Blyth, r. Eng., which runs into the sea near
Blyth, in Northumberland.
Blythborough,X.Eng., in Suffolk; 10 S.Bec-
cles, 98 NNE. London. Pop. 438.
Blylhe, r. Eng., which rises near Cheadle
in Staffordshire, and runs into the Trent, about
5 E. Rugely.
Bo, cluster of small islands in the E. Indian
Sea. Lon. 126. 10. E. Lat. 1. 17. S.
Boad, X. Hind., in Orissa, on the river Ma-
hanada ; 55 SSE. Sumbulpour, 100 W. Cat-
tack. Lon. 84. 11. E. Lat. 20. 40. N.
Boaliinshi Rocks, rock in the Atlantic, near
W. coast of Ireland. N. Inismury island. Lon.
8. 35. W. Lat. 54. 27. N.
Boanan, small isl. near NE. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118. 18. E. Lat. 6. 12. N.
Boansah, X. Hind., in Berar ; 10 SE. Aurun
gabad .
Boardman, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 10 SE.
Warren, W. 286. Pop. 604.
Boari, X. Africa, on the Gold coast, > where
the Dutch had a factory, afterwards removed
to Sama.
Boat Yard, see Rossville.
Boat Island, small isl. in the Gulf of the St.
Lawrence, near S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60.
55. W. Lat. 50. 2. N.
Boa* Bum, p-v. Clermont co. Ohio; near a ri
vulet of the same name; W. 525.
Boadista, t. S. America, in Para ; 25 WSW.
Curupa. Boban, X. Arabia ; 32 S. Saade.
Bobarno, or Bovarno, X. Italy, in Brescia, on
the Chiesa ; 3 WNW. Salo.
Bobbio, X. Italy, in Sardinian Milanese, at the
conflux of the river Bobbio with the Trebia.
Bp. see ; 24. SSE. Pavia, 30 NE. Genoa. Pop.
3,560. Bobbio, see Biobio.
Babenhausen, X. Upper-Hesse ; 17 E. Giesen.
Bobenliausen, X. Hesse-Cassel, in Hanau, on
the Gerspritz ; 12 S. Hanau, 13 NE. Darmstadt.
Bobenneukirchen, X. Saxony, in the Vogtland ;
6 SW. Oelsnitz.
Sober, r. Silesia, which rises in S. part of

Jauer, passes by Hirschberg, Lowenberg,
Buntzlau, Sagan, Naumberg, Sic. and runs into
the Oder, near Crossen.
Boberava, X. Prussia ; 4 NW. Strasburg.
Boberitsch, r. Saxony, which runs into the
Freyberg-Mulda, near Roszwein.
Boberle, r. Silesia, which runs into the Bober,
3 miles above Buntzlau.
Bobersberg, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frank
fort ; 6 S. Crossen, 70 ESE. Berlin. Lon. 15.
6. E. Lat. 52. 2. N. Pop. 999.
Bobilee, X. and fortress, Hind., in Cicacole,
the residence of a polygar ; 30 NW. Cicacole.
Bobingen, t. Bav., circle- of the Upper-Da
nube; 9 S. Augsburg. Pop. 1,400.
Boblingen, X. Ger., in Thuringia ; 14 S. San-
gershausen. Boblingen, X. Wurtemberg, on a lake; 7
SSW. Stuttgart, 7 SE. Weil. Pop. 1,905.
Bobr, r. Lithuania, which runs into the Dnie
per, 12 SSE. Rohaczow.
Bobre, X. Aust. Galicia; 8 S. Lemberg.
Bobritzsch, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 SE.
Freyberg. Bobrowa, see Obrawa.
Bobrowka, r. Moravia, which runs into the
Schwartza, 12 NW. Brunn.
Bobrownick, X. Poland, in Lublin ; 24 WNW.
Lublin. Bobruysk, X. Rus., Minsk ; 32 W. Rohaczow.
Boca de Alcatraces, narow channel between
some small islands, near N. coast of Cuba. Lou.
79. 30. W. Lat. 23. N.
Bocabrito, X. New Navarre ; 65 E. Cinaloa.
Boca de Canavera, inlet of the N. Pacific
Ocean, on SW. coast of the islands of Quadra
and Vancouver. Lat. 235. 8. E. Lat. 49. N.
Boca de Carabelas, channel between some
small islands, near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 78.
52. W. Lat. 22. 28. N.
Boca de Caraheles le Chicas, channel between
two small islands, near N. coast of Cuba. Lon.
77. 2. W. Lat. 21.50. N.
Boca de Carangera, name given to W. en
trance of the river Cambodia.
Boca de Cazavales, channel between two
small islands, near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 80.
W. Lat. 23. 10. N.
Boca Cliica, channel or entrance into the har
bour of Carthagena, in S. America.
Boca Chica, channel between two small isl
ands, near the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 79.23.
W. Lat. 22. 54: N.
Boca de Chiriqui, channel of the Spanish
Maine, which forms the entrance into Chiriqui
Lagoon. Lon. 81. 45. W. Lat. 8. 56. N.
Boca del Drago, (La,) the channel of the At
lantic, between Trinadad and the continent of
America, so called by Columbus.
Boca del Drago, the W. entrance into Almi-
rante-Bay. Lon. 82. 20. W. Lat. 9. 8. N.
Boca Escondida, bay, N. A., in the bay of
Campeachy, on the coast of Yucatan. Lat. IS.
50. N
Boca\Grand, bay, N. A., at the mouth of the
Zucar, on SE. coast of Costa-Rica. Lat. 10.
50. N.
Boca Nicolas, channel betwen the islands of
Bue and Nicolas, on N. coast of Cuba. Lon
79. 36. W. Lat. 23. 10.

BOC

209

BOD

Boeo Nueva, channel between some small
islands, near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 79.10.
W. Lat. 22. 45. N.
Boca de Padre, channel between some small
islands, near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 80. 12. W
Lat. 23. 18. N.
Boca Segura, channel between some small
islands, near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 78.35.
W. Lat 22. 24. N.
Boca Tigris, narrow passage forming the
mouth of the river Fe-kiang, through which
vessels pass to Canton. It is about a musket
shot across, formed by two points of land, on
each of which is a fort.
Boca del Toro, channel of the Spanish Maine,
which enters into Almirante Bay, E. the island
of Bocaloro. Lon. 82. 8. W. Lat. 9. 6. N.
Bocage, before the revolution, a small coun
try of France, in Normandy, of which Vire
was the capital.
Bocalieu, small isl. near E. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 52. 26. W. Lat. 52. 26. N.
Bocaloro, isl. in the Spanish Maine, near the
coast of Veragua, aboat 30 miles in circ, at the
entrance into Almirante-Bay. Lon. 82. 16. W.
Lat. 9. 12. N.
Bocas, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf of
Mexico, Lon. 94. 16. W. Lat. 18. 18. N.
Bocas, (Las,) X. N. A. in New Biscay ; 120 E.
Parral. Bocas, X. S. A. in Brazil ; 20 NW. Canuto.
Bocas, see Guanapu.
Bocat, fertile valley, Syria, in which the ruins
of Balbec are situated.
Bocaults Bay, bay in the Straits of Magellan,
on the coast of Patagonia. Lon. of the anchor
ing place 71. 6. W. Monsieur Bougainville an
chored here in 1767.
Bocca, X. Italy, in Mantua, on the Comesfazza;
5 NNE. Sabionetta.
Bocchianico, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 3
SE. Civita di Chieta.
Boch, r. Netherlands, which runs into the
Meuse, 5 miles below Dinant.
Bochcim, or Bochum, see Bockum.
Boehetta, chain of mountains, or more prop
erly a passage in the great road, which crosses
the chain of mountains between Genoa and
Lombardy. This defile is in some places so
narrow, that -scarce three persons can pass
abreast. Bochnia, or Bocnia, X. Austrian Poland, capi
tal of a circle of the same name, in Galicia; 20
E. Cracow. Pop. 3,019. Here are large salt
mines, discovered in 1251, which employ about
1,000 workmen, and yield annually about
900,000 cwt The mines are 10,000 feet long,
750 broad, and 1,200 deep.
Bocho, X. Pru., in Querfurt ; 3 SE. Juterbock.
Bochalnitze, X. Poland, Sandomirz ; 20 ESE.
Radom. Bocholt, t. Pru. Westphalia, in Munster ; 24
E. Cleves, 36 WSW. Munster. Lon. 6. 42. E.
Lat 51. 55. N.- Pop. 3,446. There are iron
mines in the neighbourhood of this town.
Boehoult, or Bochoute, X. Flanders, on a canal
cut from the Scheldt ; 4 NW. Sas-de-Ghent
Bocieas, see Bazaruto.
Bock Kogel, mt. Tyrol, whose height is sup
posed to be nearly equal to that of Mont Blanc.
Vol.1. 27

Bocka, or Buckau, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ;
20 SW. Chemnitz. Pop. 1,080.
Bocke, t. Pru. Minden, on the Lippe ; 7 W.
Paderborn. Bockenburg, X. Pru. in Minden ; 1 mile from
Minden Bockenheim, X. Hesse Cassel, in Hanau ; 2
WNW. Frankfort on the Maine.
Bockenem, X. Hanover, Hildesheim, surround
ed by the Nette ; 14 E. Hildesheim, 18 NW.
Goslar. Pop. 1,859.
Booking, X. Eng., in Essex ; 2 E. Braintree,
41 E. London. Pop. 2,554. Here is a manu
facture of baize.
Bocko, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 20. E. Lat. 61. 41. N.
Bockoll, see Bocholt.
Bockum, or Bochum, or Bochcim, X. Prussian
Westphalia, in Arensberg ; 24 NE. Dusseldorf,
35 N.Cologne. Pop. 2,108.
Bockworth Mountains, mountains, Ireland, in
the county of Mayo ; 16 NW. Castlebar.
Bocono, t. Venezuela ; 20 S. Truxillo.
Bocuto, X. Africa, in Mocaranga ; 30 SE. Mas-
sapa. Lon. 32. 30. E. Lat. 17. 45. S.
Bocza, or Botza, t Hungary, in Liptau. Lon.
19. 45. E. Lat. 48. 51. N. Pop. 1,200.
Boczki, X. Russia, in Grodno ; 6 SW. Bielsk.
Pop. 1,462. .
Boda, X. Sweden, in West-Bothnia; 30 NNW.
Umea. Bodaiska, X. Hungary ; 7 W. Patak.
Bodan, (El,) X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ;
20 NNW. Bagdad.
Bodanda, X. Hind., in Hissar ; 40 SSW. His
sar. Bodcau, a considerable lake, in NW. part of
Louisiana. Red River flows through it. A river
of the same name runs into the N. end of the
lake. Bode, or Bude, r. Thuringia, which runs into
the Saale, near its union with the Elbe.
Bodecken, X. Pru. Minden ; 4 NE. Buren.
Bodega, port on W. coast of North America.
Lon. 122. 39. W. Lat. 38. 21. N.
Bodegas, X. Guatimala, iu Vera Paz, on NE.
coast of Dolce Bay. Lon. 90. 30. W. Lat. 15.
40. N.
Bodegon, X. Spain, in Andalusia ; 12 Seville.
Boden, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 25 NW. In-
delovoy. Bodenburg, X. Hanover, in Hildesheim ; 9 S.
Hildesheim. Bodendo, t A. Turkey, in Marasch ; 69 W.
Marasch. Bodenetz, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim; 10 N.
Chrudim, .,
Bodenfeld, X. Hanover, in Gottingen, on the
Weser ; 15 NW. Gottingen. Pop. 1,005.
Bodenfeld, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg,
on the Salme ; 12 SW. Brilon.
Bodengrave, X. Holland, on the Rhine ; 10 E,
Leyden. Bodenhausen, X. Hesse Cassel ; 18 ENE. Casr
sel. Bodenheim, X. Ger., in Hesse, between Mentz
and Oppenheim. Pop. 1,225.
Bodeni, X. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia ; 60 NW.
Bucharest. Boden Sea, see Constance Lake,

BOE

210

BOG

Bodensladt, or Podstata, X. Moravia, in Prerau ;
10 NE. Prerau, 20 E. Olmutz. Lon. 17. 39. E.
Lat. 49. 33. N. Pop. 1,021.
Bodensteich, or Bodentrich, X. Hanover, in
Luneburg ; 32 NE. Zell. Lon. 10. 57. E. Lat.
52. 53. N. Pop. 1,893.
Bodenwerder, t. Hanover, in Calenberg, on
the Weser; 16 S. Hameln. Pop. 1,264.
Bodgurva, X. Natolia ; 25 SSW. Castamcna.
Bodincus, now Po.
Bodkin's Point, cape, on the coast of Mary
land, in Chesapeake Bay. Lon. 76. 36. W. Lat.
38. 10. N. Near this point are several small
islands. Bodman, t. Baden, on lake Constance. Pop.
741. Bodmin, X. Eng., in Cornwall ; 9 SSW. Cam-
elford, 235 W. London. Lon. 4. 40. W. Lat. 50.
29. N. Pop. 2,050. It is a corporation town
and a borough, sending 2 members to parlia
ment. The summer assizes and Michaelmas
quarter sessions for the county are held here.
There is a good market weekly on Saturday.
The principal manufacture is making of serges
and preparing wool for spinning. A wake, or
carnival, is held annually, about the middle of
July, on Holgaver-moor, near the town.
Bododo, X. Africa, in Benin, near the mouth
of the river Formosa.
Bodonitza, (supposed to be the ancient Thro-
nium,) v. Greece, on mount ffita, in a defile
leading to Thermopylae.
Bodrog, X. Hungary, county of Bacs, on the
Danube, which formerly gave name to a coun
ty ; 30 SE. Colocza. Pop. 4,000.
Bodrog, r. Hungary, which rises in the Car
pathian mountains, and runs into the Theysse,
near Tokay.
Bodrun, or Budrun, s-p. and fortress, Natolia,
on N. side of the gulf of Scalanova ; 15 S.
Smyrna. Lon. 26. 35. E. Lat. 38. 16. N. Dr.
Pococke places here the ancient Teos, which
D'Anville fixes at Sigagik.
Bodrum, or Budrum, (an. Halicarnassus,) t.
Natolia, in the gulf of Stanchio ; 24 S. Milets.
Lon. 27. 18. E. Lat. 36. 58. N. The houses
are irregularly scattered on the shore, inter
spersed with gardens, burying grounds, and
cultivated fields. It is still a convenient port,
frequented by Turkish cruisers. In front of the
town a broad, square rock projects into the
bay, on which stands a castle, built of ancient
materials ; exquisite sculptures appearing in
different parts of the walls. Vestiges of the
ancient walls maybe discerned, and many relics
of antiquity are to be seen in and near the town.
Bodskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon', 21. 30. E. Lat. 63. 28. N.
Bodungen, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 5 N. Bleicherode.
Pop. 1,200.
Bodzelin, X. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 24 S.Ra-
dom. Aodzonow, X. Poland, in Masovia ; 40 NW.
Warsaw. Boe, small isl. Norway ; 75 N. Bergen.
Boe, X. Norway; 18 N. Bergen.
Boe, t. Norway ; 36 N. Romsdale.
Boedgeroens, chain of small islands, in a large
bay of the N. Pacific Ocean, near N. coast of
New Guinea. Lon. 135. 33. E. Lat. 2. 25. S.

Boela Comba, km. Celebes, subject to the
Dutch. Boen, X. France, in Loire, on an eminence,
near the Lignon ; 10 N. Montbrison, 18 S. Ro-
anne. Pop. 1,200.
Boen, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
132. 11. E. Lat. 4. 52. S.
Boenchy, t. Bengal ; 22 ESE. Burdwan.
Bceotia, ancient country of Greece, NW. of
Attica; now in Livadia. Chief city, Thebes.
Boer, X. Pru., in Recklinghausen ; 6 WSW.
Recklinghausen, 42 N. Cologne.
Boero, see Bouro.
Boerwalde, see Baerwalde.
Boeschot, t. Brabant ; 12 NE. Malines.
Bocszt, X. Rus. Grodno ; 14 SW. Bielsk.
Boeto, small isl. in the E. Indian Sea. Lon.
131. 45. E. Lat. 7. 1. S.
Boetzou, now Oranienburg.
Boevedoe, t. Benin, governed by a Portu
guese, at the mouth of the Formosa. Lat. 5.
48. N.
Boeuf r. which rises in Missouri, enters Lou
isiana, and joins the Ouachitta, 14 miles above
the Tensaw. Its general course is S., and it is
about 240 miles long, without regard to its wind
ings. It is navigable for some distance.
Boeuf, (Le,) fort, Erie co. Pa. ; 15 SSE.
Presque Isle, near a small lake of the same
name. Lon. 80. 6. W. Lat. 41. 56. N.
Bofo, see Baffa.
Bofzen, t. Hanover, on the Weser. Pop. 800.
Bog, (an. Bogus, and Hypanis, and Vardanius,)
r. which rises in Podolia, and joins the Dnieper
a little above Otchakov. It is a large and broad
river, but unfit for navigation, on account of its
many rocks and sand banks.
Bog, r. New Hampshire, which runs into the
Connecticut, in N. part of Nothumberland.
Boganeu, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 6 S. Chru
dim. Bogar, see Bukharia.
Bogaria, X. Bengal ; 25 SE. Curruckpour.
Lon. 87. 3. E. Lat. 24. 52. N.
Bogarovskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 136 N.
Tobolsk. Bogus, t. Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile ; 3
S. Damietta.
Bogus, (Great,) strait in the Grecian Archi
pelago, between the island of Samos and the
islands of Furna and St. Menas ; about 6 miles
broad. Bogus, (Little,) strait between the island of
Samos and the coast of Natolia ; about 1 J mile
broad. Bogasie, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
Sea, Lon. 32. 30. E. Lat. 27. 15. S.
Bogatoi, X. Russia, in Kursk ; 58 SSW. Kursk,
532 SSE. Petersburg. Pop. 600.
Bogazi, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 50 W.
Diarbekir. Bogdana, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the
borders of Transylvania; 60 S. Niemecz.
Bogdanowka, i. e. The Gift of God, called also
Melitopolis, X. Eu. Russia, in Taurida, inhabited
by a sect, called Duchobosehi, or Melitopolites,
who have been styled the Quakers of Russia.
Number 'of males 1,150.
Bogdikotz, X. Russian Siberia, on the Schusim
6 NW. Atchinsk.

BOG

211

BOH

Bogdo, mt. A. Russia, in Saratov ; 40 miles
from the Volga.
Bogdo, mt. Chinese Mongolia, a part of the
Altaian chain. Lon. 93. E. Lat. 47. N.
Bogdoi, country or nation, Asia, in Tartary,
situated N. of China ; of great extent, and pop
ulous, and subject to the Chinese.
Bogdscha, see Tenedos.
Bogeda, settlement on W. coast of N. Ameri
ca, formed by the Russians in 1813 ; about 50
miles N. St. Francisco, the most northern Span
ish settlement, and 500 S. Columbia river.
Bogenau, t. Silesia, in Breslau ; 10-S. Breslau.
Bogensee, X. Denmark, on a small bay on N.
coast of Fyen ; 15 NW. Odensee. Lon. 10. 6. E.
Lat 55. 24. N.
Bogesund, X. Sweden, in West-Gothland ; 12
S. Falkioping.
Bogesund, see Ulrishamn.
Bogga, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the Gunduck ;
26 NW. Bettyah.
Bogga, ( Chuta,) X. Hind., in Bahar, on the
Gunduck ; 20 NW. Bettyah.
Bogga, X. Bahar, on the Soane ; 12 S. Arrah.
Boggilcund, district or circar, Hind., in Alla
habad, W. of Benares.
Boggs, X. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 847.
Bogie, r. Scot, which runs into the Deveron,
near Huntly.
Bogkovitz, t. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 14 ESE.
Hradisch. Bogliasco, t. Genoa, on the sea coast ; 6 E.
Genoa. Boglio, or Beuil, X. Savoy, on the Tinea ; 21
NNW. Nice. It is the capital of a county, sit
uated among the Alps, bordering on Nice and
Tenda. Boglion, or Biolun, X. Istria ; 27 SSE. Trieste.
Boglipour, or Boglipore, X. Bengal, capital of
a province of the same name ; 96 E. Patna, 108
NNW. Calcutta. Lon. 87. 6. E. Lat. 25. 15. N.
It is a flourishing and handsome town, and has
manufactures of cotton and silk.
Boglipour, pr. Bengal, bounded N. by Furkah
and Choy, from both of which it is separated
by the Ganges, E. by Purneah and Rajemal, S.
by Hendooa, and SW. by Curruckpour ; about
70 miles long and 30 broad. Boglipour is the
capital. Bogloray, X. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 24 ESE.
Sandomirz. Bogmutty, r. which rises in Thibet, and runs
into the Ganges near Monghir, in Bahar.
Bogna, X. Tuscany ; 37 E. Florence. Lon. 12.
E. Lat. 43. 50. N.
Bogna, X. Switz., in Tesin ; 8 NE. Lugano.
Bognor, v. Eng., on the coast of Sussex, close
to the sea ; 7 S. Chichester. It has lately become
a fashionable watering place. Near it are some
rocks projecting into the sea, called Bognor
Rocks. Bogoduchov, X. Russia, in Charkov ; 84 NNW.
Charkov. Pop. 6,749. The principal business is
tanning leather.
Bogognano, X. Corsica ; 15 NE. Ajaccio.
Bogoiavlenskoi, X. Russia, in Archangel, near
the coast of the White Sea ; 72 SW. Archangel.
Bogoiavlenskoi, X. Russia, in Archangel, near
the river Onega ; 100 S. Archangel.
Bogoiavlenskoi, t. Russia, in Archangel, on the
Pinega ; 70 E. Archangel.

Bogoiavlenskoi, X. Russia, in Ustiug; 50 ENE.
Ustiug. Bogoliavlenskoi, X. Siberia, on the Tchulim ;
80 NNE. Tomsk.
Bogoiavlenskoi, X. Rus., in Upha ; 48 S. Upha
Bogordskoi, t. Rus., Archangel; 8 SW.Mezen.
Bogoroditz, X. Russia, in Tula ; 16 E. Tula, 456
SSE. Petersburg. Pop. 1,742. H. 355. Chh. 4.
Bogorodilzsk, X. Russia, in Archangel, on the
Dwina; 44 SSE. Archangel.
Bogorodsk, X. Russia, Moscow, on the Kli-
asma ; 28 E. Moscow, 368 SE. Petersburg.
Pop. 561.
Bogota, r. South America, see Funza.
Bogotes, r. South America, which runs into
the Atlantic, Lat. 4. 52. N.
Bogra, mountains, bogs, and moors, Ireland,
in the county of Cork ; 15 NW. Cork.
Bogru, t. Hind., in Oude ; 50 S. Canoge.
Bogubarry, X. Bengal ; 28 WNW. Beyhar.
Bogue, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of N. Carolina. Lon. 77. 20. W. Lat. 34.
35. N.
Bogue Chito, r. Mississippi, which runs SSE.
80 m., and joins Pearl river,^20 miles above the
Rigolets. Bogue Inlet, narrow channel between Bogue
and another island, leading to White Oak river.
Lon. 77. 24. W. Lat. 34. 33. N.
Boguinda, r. Africa, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 12. 40. N.
Bogumin, see Oderburg.
Boguslaw, X. Russia, in Kiow, on the Bog ; 32
SE. Bialacerkiew. Pop. 1,300.
Bogwan, X. Bengal ; 17 NNE. Kishenagur.
Bogwangola, X. Bengal, on the right bank of
the Ganges ; 10 N. Moorshedabad. Lon. 88. 29.
N. Lat. 24. 20. N. It is a large trading town.
and a great mart for grain ; and from it the
town of Moorshedabad is principally supplied.
It is built of bamboos, mats, and thatch.
Bogwanpour, X. Bahar; 18 W. Saseram.
Bohain, or Boham, X. France, in Aisne ; 8
NW. Guise, 10 NNE. St. Quentin. Pop. 2,155.
Boharowcze, X. Rus. Padolia, ; 60 NW. Kam-
iniec. Bohary, X. Hind., in Guzerat; 27 E. Surat.
Bohatteba, t Palestine, near Acre, where is a
ruined temple, employed as a place of worship
both by Christians and Turks, but at different
times. Bohdalow, X. Moravia, Iglau ; 12 NE. Iglau.
Bohe, r. Md., which runs into the Chesapeake,
Lon. 76. 8. W. Lat. 39. 30. N.
Bohea, isl. in Ireland, Lough-Erne ; 13 NNW.
Enniskillen. BOHEMIA, a name derived from Boii, a Cel
tic tribe, called by the inhabitants Czechy, by the
Germans Bohmen, km. Europe, forming a part
of the Austrian empire, bounded N. by the km
of Saxony, by Lusatia, and Silesia, E. by Mora
via, S. by Austria Proper, and W. by Bavaria. In
addition to its present limits it once included
Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia. Its greatest
length is about 200 miles, greatest breadth 180.
Sq. m. 20,170. Pop. in 1813, 3,203,222, of whom
1,100,000 are Germans; 2,052,593 Tschechen
or Czechowe, a people originally from Scythia ;
and 50,629 Jews. Catholics 3,102,339, Calvin-
ists 34,800, Lutherans 10,900, Menonists, 6,500.

BOH

212

BOI

Towns 276; burghs 110; villages 11,904;
houses 525,101; university 1; gymnasia 15;
high schools 20 ; town and countiy schools up
wards of 2,200. Pop. in 1817, 3,250,394.
Divisions. It is divided into 16 circles, which
are named from their chief towns, viz. Prague,
Beraunf Biczow, Budweis, Buntzlau, Chrudim,
Czaslau, Elnbogen, Kaurzim, Klattau, Konigin
gratz, Leitmeritz, Pilsin, Prachim, Rakonitz,
Saats, and Tabor.
Face of the country. Bohemia in respect to gen
eral structure may be compared to a great basin,
being surrounded by mountains. The Erzgebirg
are on the north, the Sudetian chain and the
Riesengebirge are NE. the mountains of Mora
via SE. and S., and the Bohmerwald W.— The
rivers are the Elbe with its branches, Muldau,
Auxa, Erlitz, Dobrawa, Iser, Eger, Sic.
Soil and productions. The soil consists for
the most part of a fat mould, and notwith
standing the backward state of agriculture, it
yields corn, pulse, hops, flax, hemp, fruit, and
garden vegetables in abundance ; some wine
and saffron. — The climate in the interior is tem
perate, but in the elevated parts severe.
Minerals. Bohemia is very rich in mineral
productions. Its gold mines, formerly rich, are
now nearly exhausted. The most important
mineral product is tin, which is abundant.
Other minerals are silver, iron, lead, copper,
quicksilver, cobalt, zinc, arsenic, bismuth, cala
mine, antimony, sulphur, saltpetre, vitriol, alum,
and coal ; garnets, saphires, topazes, hyacinths,
chrysolites, amethyts, opals, chalcedonies, cor
nelians, and agates ; marble, alabaster, porphy
ry, jasper, asbestos, serpentine, gypsum, moon
stone, Sic.
Commerce. Bohemia exports great quantities
of manufactures, metals, vegetable products,
cattle, and wool. Its exports are chiefly sent
to Vienna, Trieste, Leipsic, and Hamburg.
Prague is the only town of considerable trade
in the countiy.
Religion. The established religion is the Cath
olic, with one archbishop, that of Prague, who
has for suffragans the bishops of Leitmeritz,
Konigingratz, and Budweis.
Bohemia is one of the most populous por
tions of the Austrian dominions. The nobility
are not numerous, but in better circumstances
than most other parts of Germany. There are
reckoned 10 princes, 110 counts, 82 barons,
and 238 knights. The peasantry labour under
the most galling servitude.
Bohme, r. Ger., which runs into the Aller, 4
SE. Rethem, in Luneburg.
Bohmerwald, i. e. The Bohemian Forest, one
of the greatest ridges of mountains in Germa
ny, dividing Bohemia from Bavaria. It is al
most entirely covered with wood, and contains
a number of glass houses, iron works, Sic The
most elevated points are Rachelberg and Aber.
Bohmischkrutt, X. Austria; 5 SSW. Feldsburg.
Bohmisch Nuendorf see Nuendorf, he.
Bohol, or Bool, one of the Philippine Islands.
It is circular, about 30 miles in diameter, with
a town named Loboc ; about 90 N. Mindanao.
Lon. 124. 15. E. Lat. 10. N.
Bohol, t. Celebes, on N. coast, at the mouth
of a river of the same name. Lon. 121. 56. E.
Lat 0. 58. N.

Bohonitz, X. Bohemia, Bechin ; 2 SSW. Tein.
Bohrau, X. Pru. Silesia, in Breslau ; 16 S. Bres
lau, 18 W. Brieg. Lon 16. 58. E. Lat, 50.-
58. N. Pop. 338.
Bdhrlitz, or Bohorzelice, or Pohrlilz, t. Mora
via, in Brunn ; 16 S. Brunn, 45 N. Vienna. Lon.
16. 27. E. Lat. 48. 57. N. Pop. 1,323.
Bohus, or Bahus, pr. Sweden, bounded N. by
Norway, E. and S. by West Gothland, and W.
by the Scagger-Rach ; sometimes considered as
included in West Gothland ; now forming the
greater part of the government of Gotheburg ;
112 miles long, and 18 broad; mostly level, and
tolerably fertile.
Bohuslawiz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 10
NE. Konigingratz.
Bohuzowicze, X. Russ. Minsk ; 50 SE. Minsk.
Boia, X. Great Bukharia ; 6 N. Termed.
Boiabad, X. Natolia ; 27 SE. Castaniena.
Boiano, (an. Bovionum,) X. Naples, in Molise.
Bp. see. 8 S. Molise, 42 N. Naples. Lon. 14. 25.
E. Lat. 41.30. N. Pop. 3,444.
Bojanowa, t. Pru., in Posen, circle of Piesern,
on the frontier of Silesia. Pop. 2,613.
Boiarke, X. Russia, in Kiev; 38 SSE. Biala-
cerkiew. Bojepour, X. Hind., Orissa; 6 E. Sonepour.
Boji, ancient division of Cisalpine Gaul.
Boina, t. Hungary ; 4 S. Topoltzan.
Boihak, X. Daghestan ; 26 NNW. Derbend.
Boiodurum, now Passau.
Boinitz, X. Hungary ; 11 WNW. Kremnitz,
Boione, X. Italy, in Padua ; 7 E. Padua.
Boinpour, X. Bengal ; 8 SE. Moorshedabad.
Bojowka, X. Rus. Podolia ; 48 E. Braclaw.
Bois, (Du,) see Lake of the Woods.
Bois-Belle, before the revolution a small sove
reignty of France, belonging to the family of
Bethune Sully, which was exempt from all tax
ations or gabelles whatsoever. It is- situated in
Berry, between Bourges and Sancerre, about
30 miles in circ, containing about 6,300 inhab
itants. The principal towns are Henrichemont
and Bois-Belle.
Bois-Belle, X. France, Cher ; 13 NE. Bourges.
Bois Brule, r. NW. Territory, which rises
near the sources of St. Croix, and flows N. into
Fond du Lac bay in Lake Superior. It is con
nected with the St. Croix by a portage.
Bois Blanc, isl. in Lake Huron, a little to the
SSE. of the island of Michilimackinac. It has
a fertile soil, well adapted to tillage ; with a
growth of white wood, elm, maple, oak, and
ash ; the lower part covered with pitch pine.
It is a valuable appendage to the settlement of
Michilimackinac. ¦-
Bois Commun, X. France, principal place of a
district, in Loire ; 15 W. Montargis, 21 NE. Or
leans. Lon. 2. 28. E. Lat. 48. 2. N. Pop. 1,100.
Bois-le-Duc, or Herzogenbosch, i. e. the Duke's
Wood, sometimes simply Bosch, city, Neth., cap
ital of North Brabant, at the conflux of the
Dommel and Aa ; 18 ENE. Breda, 42 SSE.
Amsterdam. Lon. 5.9. E. Lat. 51. 40. N. Pop.
13,347. H. 3,773. It is situated in a woody
country, where the dukes of Brabant were ac
customed to take their diversion in hunting. It
is surrounded with walls flanked by 7 bastions,
and is protected by a strong citadel and several
forts, and can be insulated at pleasure by the

BOL

213

BOL

waters of the Dommel and Aa. It is entered
by 4 gates and approached by water at 3 open
ings. It contains 10 Catholic churches, 4 Re
formed, and 1 Lutheran, and a Reformed gym
nasium. It was formerly a bishop's see, and
the cathedral is one of the finest edifices in the
Netherlands. Its commerce is promoted by nu
merous canals, and the trade is considerable,
particularly in corn. The manufactures con
sist of knives and needles, and in bleaching. —
Native, William Gravesande.
Bois-Halboul, (Le,) t. France, in Calvados ;
10 S. Lisieux.
Bois St. Marie, (Le,) X. France, in Sa6ne-
and-Loire; 7 SE. Charolles, 12 ENE. Mareigny.
Boisaco, t. Popayan ; 10 NE. Pasto.
Bois-de-Yoingt, X. France, inRh6ne ; 13 NW.
Lyons. Boisseaux, t. France, Loiret ; 12SN. Neuville.
Boisseron, X. France, in Herault ; 9 NE. Mont-
pell ier.
Boissezon d' Aumontel, X. France, in Tarn ; 7
ESE. Castres. Pop. 3,009.
Boissiere, (La,) X. France, in Somme ; 6 ENE.
Montdidier. Boississi, or Boissi, see Bussi.
Boiszky, t. Rus. Grodno ; 12 SW. Bielsk.
Boiimansdorf or Boesdorf t. Silesia, Neysze ;
5 NNE. Neysze.
Boitze, r. Luneburg, which runs into the Elbe,
at Boitzenburg.
Boitzenburg, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam ;
8 SW. Prenzlow, 47 N. Berlin. Lon. 13. 40. E.
Lat. 52. 16. N. Pop. 700.
Boitzenburg, or Botzenburg, X. Ger., in Meck
lenburg Schwerin, at the conflux of the Boitze
and the Elbe ; 36 ESE. Hamburg, 38 SW. Wis-
mar. Lon. 10. 58. E. Lat. 53. 23. N. Pop. 2,096.
It was surrounded with walls in the 14th cen
tury, and it is one of the neatest and liveliest
towns in the countiy. Vessels that pass the
river pay a toll at the town.
Boka, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 23 NNE. Hodeida.
Boka, X. W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 120. 1. E.
Lat. 3. 42. S.
Bolcanne, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 35 SE. Bettiah.
Boke, X. Pru. Minden ; 9 W. Faderborn.
Bokenem, see Bockenem.
Bokkarah, see Bukhara.
Bokhtscha Adassia, see Tenedos.
Bokian, r. Congo, which runs into the Zaire,
35 SW. Pango.
Bokira, r. which rises in Guzerat, and runs
into the sea, Lon. 68. 67. E. Lat. 21. 45. N.
Bokinagur, X. Bengal; 62 N.Dacca. Lon. 90.
43. E. Lat. 24. 44. N.
Bokka, Meala, see Bukameala.
Boklet, X. Bavaria, with a medicinal spring ;
4 N. Kissingen.
Boksan, X. Hungary ; 10 S. Lugos.
Bo/a, t. Africa, in Mandingo. Lon. 6. 50. W.
Lat. 12. 42. N.
Bola, X. Hind, in Malwa ; 25 E. Ougein.
Bolabola, one of the Society Islands, in the
S. Pacific Ocean, surrounded by a reef of rocks
and small islands, about 24 miles in circumfer
ence. Lon. 151. 52. W. Lat 16. 32. N.
Bolddor, X. Italy, Valteline ; 9 SW.Bormio.
Jlolao, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 9 NE. Coimbra.
Bolarosanska, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 80 NW.
Ilinsk.

Bolas, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
Ocean, Lat. 2. 40. S.
Bolate, X. Italy ; 6 NW. Milan.
Bolaul, X. Hind., in Malwa; 48 ENE. SaU-
rungpour. Bolbach, r. Stiria, which rises in a lake, 10
SW. Voitsberg, and runs into the Sulm, near
Wippelspach. Bolbec, or Bollebec, X. France, in Lower Seine,
and district of Caudebec ; 10 W. Caudebec
Pop. 4,921. H. 663.
Bolbilinum, ancient city, Egypt, the rains of
which exist 1J mile above Rosetta. From this
city this artificial channel was called the Bol-
bitine branch of the Nile.
Bolca, mt. Italy ; 18 NE. Verona ; remark
able for its fossils, uncommon shells, and petri
factions. Near it is a village of the same name.
Bolcareszli, X. Wa'achia; 33 NW. Bucharest.
Bolch, mt. France, the highest in the chain of
the Vosges, department of the Upper Rhine,
consisting properly of two, one near Gicomag-
my, rich in silver, lead, Sic. ; the other near
Gebweiler, 3,800 feet above the sea.
Bolcan, t. S. A. in Tucuman ; 20 N. Jujui.
Bolcheretskoi, see Bolscheretsk.
Bolchov, X. Russia, in Orlov, on the Oka ; 32
NNW. Orel. Pop. 10,614. H. 1,776. It contains
22 churches ; and has manufactures of hats,
gloves, and stockings ; and trades in hemp, tal
low, linseed oil, and leather.
Bold Fountain, p-v. Charlotte co. Va. ; M .253.
Boldeniga, X. Italy ; 8 SSW. Brescia.
Boldo, (an. Pottos,) X. Syria ; 16 Latakia.
Bolee, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 18 NE. Seronge.
Bole, X. Sweden, W. Bothnia ; 36 Pithea.
Bole, X. Negroland, in Melli,on the riverGeba.
Boleeling, X. and district, island of Balli.
Bolenc, X. France, in Drome ; 9 N. Orange.
Bolengam, X. on N. coast of Celebes. Lon.
123. 14. E. Lat 0. 46. N.
Bolero, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 12 Huesca.
Bolesko, X. Hungary ; 28 N. Tropoltzan.
Boleslaw, or Buntzlau, see Buntzlau.
Bolesiawiec, X. Poland, in Kalisch ; 24 SSW
Siradia. Pop. 700.
Bolgar, X. Hungary; 13 E. Erlau.
Boli, or Bolli, (an. Hadrianopolis,) X. A. Tur
key, in Natolia, capital of a district, and resi
dence of a sangiac ; 74 NW. Angora, 140 E.
Constantinople. Lon. 31. 20. E. Lat. 41. 30. N.
It is large, populous, and surrounded by an
open palisade, and contains numerous public
edifices, but of indifferent structure ; and has
manufactures of cotton and leather, and some
warm baths.
Bolia, r. Asia, which runs into the Rangoon
branch of the Ava.
Bolina de Valdelona, t. Piedmont, in Nice ;
25 N. Nice. Pop. 1,000.
Bolinao, s-p. on Lucon, or Manilla.
Bolingbroke, X. Eng., in Lincoln, with a man
ufacture of earthern ware ; 13 NE. Boston 129
N. London. Lon. 0. 58. W. Lat. 53. 8. N. Pop.
361. Here are some small remains of a castle.
The market is on Tuesday.
Bolingbroke, r. Talbot co. Md., which runs
into the Choptank.
Bolipleika, X. Russia, in Saratov, on W side
of the Volga ; 124 S. Saratov.

BOL

214

BOL

Bolkenhayn, t. Pru., in Silesia, capital of a
circle of the same name ; 10 NW. Schweidnitz,
40 SW. Breslaw. Lon. 16. 5. E. Lat. 50. 46. N.
Pop. 1,322.
Bolkowitz, t. Silesia ; 20 S. Glogaw.
Boll, t. Wurtemberg, district of Goppingen,
remarkable for its public bath, and curious cave
of petrifactions. Pop. 1,183.
Bolla, X. Spain, Aragon ; 10 NNW. Huesca.
Bollebec, see Bolbec.
Bollene, t. France, Vaucluse ; 10 N. Orange,
20 NW. Carpentras. Pop. 4,060.
Bollenz, Palenzerthal, or Volte di Bregno, one
of the most fertile valleys in Switz., in Tisino,
1 leagues long, and \ league broad.
Bollen, X. Carinthia ; 7 E. Millstat.
Bollheim, X. Wurzburg ; 3 SE. Melrichstadt.
Bollin, r. Eng., which runs into the Mersey,
4 ENE. Warrington.
Bollington, X. Eng., in Cheshire ; 5 N. Mac
clesfield. Pop. 1,230.
Bollenas, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 21 W,
Soderhamn. Bollo, X. Negroland, in Kumbo.
Bolloda, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 25 SW. Pattun.
Bolm, see Bulum.
Bolmen, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 32 W. Wexio.
Bolne, t. W. coast of Madagascar. Lon, 47.
25. E. Lat. 16. S.
Bolniki, X. Rus. Wilna; 14 ESE. Wilkomeirz.
Bolnisi, X. Georgia, Carduel ; 55 S. Teflis.
Bolo, r. Lucon, which runs into the sea, Lon.
125. 51. E. Lat. 18. 43. N.
Bologna, (an. Felsina, Bononia, and Boionia,)
city, Italy, the 2d in size in the Ecclesiastical
States, capital of the delegation of Bologna, for
merly of the Bolognese ; 32 SE. Mantua, 48 N.
Florence, 180 NNW. Rome. Lon. 11. 21. E.
Lat. 44. 30. N. Pop. 64,078. H. 8,000. Abp.
see. It is situated at the foot of the Apennines, in
a beautiful and extremely fertile plain, between
the rivers Savena and Reno. It is of an oblong
form, 6 or 7 miles in circuit, and surrounded
by a brick wall. The streets are narrow, and
rather gloomy ; the houses are tolerably built,
having arcades, and are flat roofed. The pub
lic buildings are large and elegant, remarkable
both for their architecture and their internal
decorations. No town in Italy except Rome
is said to contain more valuable paintings by
the first masters. The number of churches has
been differently stated at 74, and about 200 ;
many of them elegant. The other public build
ings and palaces are numerous. The tower of
Asinelli, built in 1109, stands in the centre of
the city. It is 371 feet high exclusive of the
cupola, which was originally 130 feet high, now
reduced to nearly 70. The tower is ascended
by 464 wooden steps, and is the loftiest in Italy,
except the cupola of St. Peter's.
The university of Bologna according to some
was founded in 433, by Theodosius ; according
to others it was founded by Charlemagne. It
first drew the attention of Europe to the Ro
man Law, and received the title of Mater Stu-
diorum, and became so famous that about the
beginning of the 13thj century it is said to have
been attended by 10,000 students. The number
of students in 1819 was. 413. It is now distin
guished chiefly as a school of medicine. The

city contains an academy of sciences, the Acad-
emia Clementina Bonarum Artium, a public li
brary of 150,000 volumes, and other institutions.
Here are manufactures of cloth, silk stockings,
twisted silk, satins, damasks, taffetas, velvet,
gauze, crape, and linen. — Natives, Campeggi,
Marcello, Malpighi, Aldrovandi, Marsigli, Man-
fredi, Beccari, Monti, Galvani, Dominichino,
Guido, and Pellegrino.
Bologne, X. France, in Upper-Marne, and dis
trict of Chaumont ; 6 N. Chaumont.
Bolognese, countiy, Italy, in the Ecclesiasti
cal States, bounded N. by Ferrara, E. by Ro-
magna, S. by Tuscany, and W. by Modena;
anciently inhabited by the Boi and Ligures,
The present delegation of Bologna comprises
the Bolognese. Pop. 280,701.
Bolole, X. on E. coast of Celebes. Lon. 122.
38. E. Lat 3. 21. S.
Bolory, X. Bengal ; 7 WSW. Nuldingah.
Bolotovo, t. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 24 NE. Nerth-
chinsk. Bolschaia, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ir
tisch ; 240 ESE. Tobolsk.
Bolschaia-Reka, or the Great River, r. Kamts-
chatka, which rises from a lake near the centre
of the peninsula, about 120 miles from its mouth,
and flows into the sea of Ocbotsk, Lat. 54. 52.
N. It may be navigated nearly to its source,
though with some difficulty, on account of its
rapidity. There is a light-house on S. side of
its entrance.
Bolschakina, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 68 S. Or-
Ienga. Bolscharetsk, X. and fortress, Kamtschafka,
formerly the capital of the peninsula, on the
river Bolschaia-Reka, 20 miles from its mouth.
Lon. 156. 50. E. Lat. 53. N. Pop. 237, mostly
Cosacs. The houses are built of logs, and
thatched. The whole countiy around is heatk
and waste, covered with rein-deer moss, on
which are pastured 2,000 or 3,000 rein-deer,
belonging to the crown of Russia.
Bolsena, (an. Volscinium,) X. Popedom, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, on the side of a lake ;
7 S. Orvieto, 48 NW. Rome. Lon. 11. 54. E.
Lat. 42. 37. N. It was one of the twelve prin
cipal cities of Etruria ; and it is asserted that it
contained at one time near 2,000 statues in the
temples, squares, and streets ; at present it is
but a poor place ; it is however, surrounded
with a pretty high wall, flanked with towers,
and encompassed by a dry ditch.
The lake, anciently called Lacus Volscimensis
and Lacus Tarquiniensis, is of an oval form;
its circumference has been variously estimated
from 24 to 30, and even 40 miles. It is one of
the most agreeable lakes in Italy, being sur
rounded with very fruitful hills, and a variety
of towns and villages. There are also two isl
ands, called Martana and Pressentina in it ; the
former is very inconsiderable, and has only a
hermitage with its chapel, and some trees on
its sides; the other is much larger, having a
fine Franciscan convent, with large gardens,
and a little wood.
Bolsover, X. Eng., in Derby, on an eminence;
5 E. Chesterfield, 148 N. London. Pop. 1,091.
Near it is a small castle, belonging to the Duke
of Portland. It has a market on Friday.

BOM

215

BOM

Bolswatrt, X. Neth., in Friesland ; 7 SSE. Har-
lingen, 13 SW. Lewarden. Lon. 5. 27. E. Lat.
53. 7. N. Pop. 2,783. About 3 miles from this
town is a port, which, though much obstructed
by sand, is of great utility to the inhabitants.
Bolswaert is about 2 miles round, and was an
ciently one of the Hanse Towns.
Bolt-Head, promontory, Eng., on S. coast of
Devonshire ; 19 SE. Plymouth. Lon. 3. 48. W.
Lat. 50. 13. N.
Bolt-Head, high point of land or cape, on
NE. coast of New Holland. Lon. 217. 18. W.
Lat. 12. 38. S.
Bolt-Tail, promontory, Eng., on S. coast of
Devon ; 5 WNW. Bolt-Head.
Bolton, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt; 18 NW.
Montpelier, W. 502. Pop. 306.
Bolton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 18 NE.
Worcester, 33 W. Boston, W. 449. Pop. 1,229.
Bolton, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. ; 14 E. Hartford,
W. 355. Pop. 731.
Bolton, p-t. Warren co. N. Y., on W. side of
Lake George ; 14 NNE. Caldwell, W. 618.
Pop. 1,087.
Bolton, or Bolton-le-Moor, X. Eng., in Lanca
shire; 11 N. Manchester, 196 NNW. London.
Lon. 3. 34. W. Lat. 53. 33. N. It consists of 2
townships, Great and Little Bolton. Pop. of
Great Bolton 17,070; of Little Bolton 7,079. It
carries on a great trade in fustian and cotton
manufactures, of which all the branches are
carried on here ; and the annual returns are
said to exceed a million sterling. Navigable
canals from Manchester and Wigan are a great
advantage to the town. The market is on
Monday and Saturday, and there are 2 annual
fairs. Bolton, v. Eng., in North Riding of York
shire ; 10 SE. Richmond. Mary, queen of Scots,
was confined here in 1568.
Boltsacken, or Boitsack, rocks at N. entrance
of the Great Belt, 5 SE. the island of Samsoe.
Lon. 10. 40. E. Lat. 55. 48. N.
Bollznitz, i. Ger., which runs into the Elster,
near Elsterwerda, in Meissen.
Bolu, mt. Asia, in Armenia ; 144 SE. Erivan.
Bolouadin, (an. Dinia,) X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 32 E. Kara-hissar.
Bolun, see Boglion.
Bolus-Head, cape, Ireland, on SW. coast of
Kerry; 38 SW. Killarney. Lon. 10.44. W. Lat.
51.50. N.
Boluskhisar, X. in Irak ; 15 S. Hamadan.
Bolwyck, X. Norway ; 40 W. Tonsberg.
Bolzano, or Botzen, X. Tyrol, capital of a
circle; 18 SW. Brixen, 27 N. Trent. Lon. 11.
10. E. Lat. 46. 32. N. Pop. 8,080. It is a place
of considerable trade, which is much assisted
by 4 annual fairs, which continue several days,
and rank among the greatest in Germany, and
are frequented by both German and Italian
merchants. The neighbourhood abounds in ex
cellent wine.
Bolzano, X. Italy, Vicenza ; 6 NNE. Vicenza.
Bomjardim, v. Brazil, in Paraiba ; 60 W.
Goiana, 75 WNW. Pernambuco. Pop. 500.
Bomal, or Bohemal, X. Luxemburg, on the
Ourte ; 7 SW. Spa, 53 NW. Luxemburg.
Bomarsana, small isl. in the Baltic, E, of
Aland. Lon, 20. 5. E. Lat. 60, 13. N.

Bomba Anjoy, or Bombangoy, s-p. Congo, on
W. coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Zaire ;
60 S. Cacongo. Lat. 6. 10. S.
Bomarzo, X. Popedom, in the Patrimonio ; 6
ENE. Viterbo, 14 NW. Citta Castella.
Bombally, see Santa Bombally.
Bomban Point, cape on W. coast of Minda
nao. Lon. 124. 17. E. Lat. 6. 42. N.
Bombarde, X. and fort, St. Domingo ; 18 SE.
St. Nicholas Mole. Lat 42. 19. N.
Bombay, city and island, on the west coast of
Hind., formerly in Aurungabad, now the capi
tal of all the British possessions on that side of
the peninsula ; 175 SW. Surat, 650 WNW. Ma
dras, 1,050 W. Calcutta. Lon. 72. 38. E. Lat.
18. 57. N. Pop. estimated by Hamilton in 1815,
at 220,000 ; but the population of the island of
Bombay, together with that of Colaba, was
stated by enumeration in 1816, at 456,987; of
whom 403,786 were Hindoos, 27,811 Mahome
tans, 13,155 Parsees, 11,454 native Christians,
and 781 Jews.
The island is about 10 miles long and 3 broad.
It is connected with the island of Salsette by a
causeway constructed in 1805. It is separated
from the main land by a narrow channel, and
forms, together with the neighbouring islands
of Colaba, Salsette, Butcher's island, Elephanta,
and Caranjah, a commodious and well shelter
ed harbour. The city is about 1 mile long, and
£ of a mile broad, and is surrounded by fortifi
cations. In the centre of the town is a green,
an open space, which is surrounded by many
well built houses; a magnificent government
house, an elegant English church, a large ba
zar, Sic
Bombay is favourably situated for commerce,
and has an extensive trade with the countries
situated in the Persian and Arabian gulfs ; with
both the western and eastern coasts of India ;
the islands of the Eastern ocean, and China;
also with Europe and America. The exports
in the year 181 1-12, amounted to £2,003,41 1. —
The climate often proves fatal to Europeans,
the liver complaint being more frequent here
than in any other part of India. — The extent of
territory in the presidency of Bombay is not
well defined. Hamilton estimates it at 10,000
geographical square miles, and the population
at upwards of 2,500,000. The chief seaport
towns, besides Bombay, are Surat, Cambay,
Gogo, and Broach.
Since 1814 Bombay has been a station of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions ; and in 1820, they had 5 missionaries
employed here and in the neighbourhood ;
having in their schools about 1,000 scholars.
The Methodist society have also supported a
missionary here.
Bombay Hook, isl. in Delaware Bay, on the
coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Duck Creek ;
11 S. Reedy Island.
Bombazine, lake, Vt, chiefly in Castleton ; 7
miles long.
Bomberg, X. Bavaria ; 4 E. Gerhardsbron.
Bombi, X. Congo, on the Loze, governed by
a marquis; 120 SSW. St. Salvador. Lon. 13
35. E. Lat. 7.30. S.
Bombichie, t. Syria ; 44 ENE. Aleppo,
Bombo, t. Congo ; 25 SE. Sundi.

BON

216

BON

¦ Bombon-Sobbi, X. Congo ; 45 NW. Sundi.
Bomel, X. Hind, in Berar ; 10 W. Mahur.
Bomineah, X. Bengal ; 5 N. Moorshedabad.
Boming, isl. Bengal, in mouth of the Gan
ges. Lon. 91. 25. W. Lat. 22.45. N.
Bomkins, small isl. near N. coast of Java.
Lon. 108. 21. E. Lat 5. 51. S.
Bomium, now Axbridge.
Bomma, isl. on W. coast of Africa, at the
mouth of the Zaire, in which are many mines
of iron ore.
Bomman, t Hind., in Guzerat, on the coast ;
65 NW. Puttanumnaut *
Bommel, X. Holland, in the island of Over-
flakee ; 7 W. Willemstadt.
Bommel, X. Neth., in Gueldres, on the Wahal,
in the isle of Bommelwaert; surrounded with
a wall; 7 N. Bois-le-Duc, 60 NE. Antwerp.
Lon. 4. 55. E. Lat. 51. 49. N. Pop. 2,905.
Bommeloe, small isl. in the North Sea, near
the coast of Norway. Lat. 59. 40. N.
Bommelwaert, called by Caesar Insula Bala-
vorum, isl. formed by the waters of the Meuse
and the Wahal, about 15 miles in length, from
Louvestein west to Fort St. Andrew east, its
breadth where widest hardly six. It is well
defended by the 3 forts of St. Andrew, Voorrn,
and Crevecceur. The island belongs to the
province of Guelderland, except the town of
Louvestein, which with a very small district at
the W. end of the island, belongs to Holland.
Pop. 3,000.
Bomment, s-p. Holland, ill the isl. of Scho-
wen, with a fortress ; 3 E. Browershaven.
Bomnoul, X. Hind., Bahar ; 30 SW. Arrah.
Bomnya, X. Bengal ; 30 W. Silhet.
Bomoa, X. New Navarre ; 10 S. Cinaloa.
Bomosa, see Bumosa.
Bompoka, one of the Nicobar Islands, about
2 miles in circ, rising out of the sea like a lof
ty mountain ; partly covered with wood. Lon.
93. 43. E. Lat. 8. 18. N.
Bomrauzepollam, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ;
35 N. Arcot, 50 WNW. Madras. Lon. 79. 37.
E. Lat. 13. 25. N.
Bomsl, X. Pru,, in Posen, circle of Meseritz.
Pop. 1,466.
Bomy, t France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 8 SW.
Aire. Bon Port, harbour on W. coast of the island
of St. Catharine's, near the coast of Brazil ;
formerly much used by the French, in their
trade to the Pacific Ocean.
Bona, r. N. A., which runs into the bay of
Campeachy, 25 W. the mouth of the Tabasco.
Bona, (the Aphrodisium of Ptolemy,) s-p. Al
giers ; 66 NNE. Constantina. Lon. 7. 36. E.
Lat. 36. 32. N. Pop. 8,000. This town is built
above a mile S. of the ancient Hippo, or Hip-
pona. The harbour, which is situated to the
east of the town, is capacious, and a consider
able trade is carried on here in corn, wool,
hides, and wax. , The situation is good, being
near the mouth of the Seibouse, and with
proper care it might be made one of the most
flourishing towns in Barbary.
Bonaa, isl. about 25 miles in circ, lying off
NW. extremity of Ceram. Lon. 128. 5, E, Lat.
3. S.
Bonacao, see Guanaja.

Bonachi, t. N. A., in New-Navarre ; 180 S.
Casa Grande.
Bonadutz, X. Switz., Grisons ; 10 N. Tusis.
Bonair, see Buen Ayre.
Bonames, X. Ger., in the territory of Franc-
fort; 3 NNW. Francfort on the Maine. Pop.
428. Bonandria, or Bondaria, X. Africa, on the coast
of Barca; 11 NE. Curen.
Bonanza, X. Spain, in Seville, near the mouth
of the Guadalquivir.
Bonarbashy, warm springs, in Natolia, near
the Mender, W. of Mount Ida. They burst vio
lently out of the earth, having the temperature
of 62°. Here is a small village, and from the
fragments of columns, bas reliefs, and other re
mains, it is supposed to be the site of an ancient
city. Bonares, t. Spain, in Andalusia ; 3 Lucena.
Bonascola, X. Genoa, near the sea coast ; 5
SSW. Brugnetto.
Bonassyl, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 32 E. Silhet.
Bonaventura, see Buenav.ntura.
Bonaviso, t. Italy, Verona ; 4 NW. Legnano,
Bonavista, or Buena Vista, one of the Cape de
Verd Islands, so called, from the beautiful ap
pearance it made to the first discoverers in the
year 1450 ; about 48 miles in circ. Lon. of N.
extremity, according to Capt. Cook, 22. 59. W.
Lat. 16. 7. N. Pop. 8,000. The soil is for the
most part low, but in some places rocky and
mountainous ; it was formerly fertile, but now
become barren ; milk, goats, fish, and turtle
form the principal food of the inhabitants.
Bonavista Bay, bay on E. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 53. 25. W. Lat. 49. 20. N.
Bonawasi, X. Hind., in Soonda. Lon. 75. 12.
E. Lat. 14. 27. N. About 50 years ago it con
tained about 500 houses ; but is now much re
duced. Bonayas, t. Bengal ; 12 S. Ghidore.
Bonbond, X. Hind., Bahar ; 40 SW. Arrah.
Boncat, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 18 N.
Bayonne. Bonchamps, t. France, in Mayenne ; 2 SW.
Craon. Bonconica, now Oppenheim.
Bonconvento, see Buonconvento.
Bond, co. niinois. Pop. 2,931. Chief town,
Greenville. Bonda, X. Hind, in Gohud ; 35 E. Raat.
Bonden, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, near
the coast of Sweden. Lat. 63. 33. N.
Bondeno, or Buondeno, X. Italy, in Ferrara, at
the conflux of the Panaro and the Po ; 9 W.
Ferrara. Bonde-coos, t. Ceylon ; 30 N. Candy.
Bondgom, X. Baglana ; 20 Saler Mouler.
Bonliaut, t. Bengal ; 28 W. Moorshedabad.
Bondo, t. Switz. ; 5 NE. Chiavenna.
Bondo, pr. in SW. part of Matamba.
Bondorf, co. Ger., in Swabia, now belonging
to Baden, about 15 miles long, and 9 wide. It
joins the Brisgau. The territory includes the
town of Bondorf, and about 12 villages. Sq. m.
88. Pop. 8,957.
Bondorf X. Ger., capital of a county, in Baden ; •
6 NNW. Stuhlingen, 28 NNW. Zurich. Lon. 8.
20. E. Lat. 47. 52. N. Pop. 819.
Bondou, or Bmdu, km. Africa, bounded Nt

BON

217

BON

by Kajaaga,-E. by Bambouk, SE. and S. by
Tenda, SW. by Woolly, and W. by Foota Torra.
The country is pretty generally covered with
woods, and the land rises in some parts with
considerable hills ; the soil is fertile. From its
situation between the rivers Senegal and Gam
bia it is much frequented, both by the Slatees,
or free black merchants, who trade in slaves,
and generally pass through it in going from the
coast to the interior countries ; and for occa
sional traders, who frequently come hither from
the inland countries to purchase salt The in
habitants are Mahometans, and have numerous
schools, in which their children are instructed
in the doctrines of their religion. Chief town,
Fatteconda. Bondour, X. Natolia ; 24 W. Isbarteh.
Bondy, t. France ; 5 NE. Paris.
Bonef, X. Netherlands, in Namur ; 9 N. Na-
mur. Boneneontre, X. France, in C6te-d'Or; 5 SW.
St. Jean.
Bonensack, X. Prussia ; 5 NE. Dantzick.
Bonezida, X. Transylvania, on the Samos ; 12
N. Clausenburg.
Bonfatli, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 9 W.
St. Marco.
Bonfeld, t Wurtemberg, Lower-Neckar ; 6
NE. Heilsbroan.
Bongamah, X. Hind., in Bahar; 37 SE. Dur-
bungah. Lon. 86. 41. E. Lat. 25. 52. N.
Bongamah, X. Bahar ; 45 ENE. Durbunga.
Bongary, X. Carnatic ; 20 SW. Cuddalore.
Bonghir, t. Hind., in Hydrabad ; 21 E. Hy-
drabad. Bongo, or Bungo, one of the Japanese islands.
Lon. 131. 56. E. Lat. 32. 41. N.
Bongol, X. on E. coast of Panay. Lon. 122. 12.
E. Lat. 10.36. N.
Bonliampton, v. Middlesex co. N. J. ; 6 NE.
New-Brunswick. Bonhara, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 22 E. Surat.
Bonhof, X. Bav. ; 2 NNE. Hcilsbronn.
Boni, see Bony.
Bonifacio, or Bonfacio, s-p. Corsica, on S.
coast ; fortified, and the harbour safe ; 84 S.
Bastia. Lon. 9.9.E. Lat. 41. 22. N. Pop. 3,170.
Bonilla, small isl. North Pacific ocean, NW.
Banks' Island. Lon. 229. 38. E. Lat 53. 30. N.
Bonilla, X. Spain, Old Castile ; 25 NW. Avila".
Bonita, small isl. in the Indian sea, near W.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 48. 10. W. Lat. 14.
27. S.
Bonizo, X. Italy, in Mantua, on S. side of the
Po, opposite to Ostiglia.
Banlieu,. X. France, in Ardeche ; 15 NNW.
Tournon. Bonmont, t. Switz., in Vaud ; 12 N. Geneva.
Bonn, (an. Bonna, Ara Ubiorum, and Colonia
Julia Bona Verona?) X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
in Cologne, on the left side of the Rhine ; 14
SSE. Cologne, 30 E. Aix-la-Chapelle. Lon. 7.
6. E. Lat. 50. 40. N. Pop. 8,837. H. 900. Bonn
is a beautiful town , well built, with wide streets,
and has a castle, a hospital, and four catholic
churches. An academy was established here
in 1777, which took the rank of a university in
1786 ; but was converted by the French into a
lyceum. Since the town has come into the
possession of Prussia, a university has heen
Vol. I. 28

again instituted, which, in 1818, had 87 teach
ers ; of whom 24 were regular professors ; 600
students, and a libraiy of 25,000 volumes.
Bonn/it, X. France, in Creuse ; 10 N. Gueret
Pop. 2,087.
Bonnay, X. France, in Doubs ; 6 N. Besancon.
Pop. 1,067.
Bonne, X. Savoy ; 10 ESE. Geneva. Pop.
627. Bonne Bay, bay on W. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 53. W. Lat. 49. 35. N.
Bonne Esperance, abbey, Hainaut, near which
the French obtained a victory over the allied
troops, on the 21st of May, 1794; 3 SSW.
Binche. Bonnebosq, X. France, in Calvados ; 6 SW.
Pont l'Eveque.
Bounce, see Bramnee.
Bonnefond, or Bonneford, t. France, in Upper
Pyrenees, district of Bigorre. H. 180.
Bonneguir, X. Hind., in Golconda; 18 E. Hy
drabad. Bonneres, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 25
NW. Versailles. Pop. 700.
Bonnes, t. France, in Vendee ; 10 E. Poitiers.
H. 300.
Bonnes, X. France, in Charente ; 5 W. Aube-
terre. H. 260.
Bonnet, r. Ireland, which runs into the Lough
Gill, 5 ESE. Sligo.
Bonnetable, X. France, in Sarte, anciently
called Malestable ; 9 W. la Ferte Bernard. Pop.
4,587. Bonneval, X. Savoy ; 32 E. St. Jean de Mau-
rienne. Bonneval, X. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 7 N.
Chateaudun, 15 S. Chartres. Pop. 1,551.
Bonneville, t. Savoy, capital of Lower Fau-
cigny ; 14 SE. Geneva. Lon. 6. 21. E. Lat. 46.
4. N. Pop. 989. On the north side of the town
is an ancient castle.
Bonneville, see Neuville.
Bonneville les Bouchoux, X. France, in Jura ;
6 S. St. Claude.
Bonnieux, or Bonjoux, X. France, in Vaucluse ;
5 SW. Apt, 1 E. Avignon. Pop. 2,405.
Bonny, X. France, in Loiret; 9 SSE. Gien.
Pop. about 1,300.
Bonny, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 4. 36. N.
Bono, small isl. In the English channel, near
the coast of France. Lon. 3. 32. W. Lat. 48.
53. N.
Bonoa, small isl. in the East Indian sea, near
W. coast of Cerara. Lon. 128. 12. E. Lat. 2„
59. S. Pop. 1,500 Malays.
Bononia, see Bologna, Boulougne, Illok, and
Viddin. Bonpas, r. Illinois, which flows into the Wa
bash, about 50 N. Shawneetown. \
Bonsai, X. Eng., in Derbyshire ; 4 N\,Wirks-
wbrtb. Pop. 1,278.
Bonthain, s-p. Celebes, belonging to the
Dutch, situated on NE. part of a targe bay,
where ships may lie in perfect security during
both the monsoons. Lon. 120. 9. E. Lat. 5. 20. S
It lies on the S. side of a small river, and there-
is water for a ship to come close to it. Wood
and water are to be obtained here in plenty.
Bontaldim, X. Hind., in the circar of Cuddapa;
15 NW. Gendicotta.

BOO

218

BOO

Bontem, X. Cochin-China, on a river which
runs into the Chinese sea. Lon. 109. 3. E. Lat.
12. 15. N.
Bonto-bonto, X. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
119. 58. E. Lat. 4. 30. S.
Bontory, X. Rus. Podolia ; 20 E. Braclaw.
Bonuge, cluster of small islands, near E. coast
of Borneo. Lon. 118.50. E. Lat. 1.32. N.
Bony, X. Celebes, and capital of a kingdom of
the same name. Lon. 120. 35. E. Lat. 2. 50. S.
The people of Bony are called Buggesse, or
' Bouginese, and are the most powerful nation of
the island, and were converted to the Mahom
etan religion about 1512.
Bony Bay, called also Sewa Bay, and Buggess
Bay, a large bay or gulf of the E. Indian sea,
on S. coast of Celebes, about 180 miles from N.
to S., and 52 to 60, broad from E. to W. It is
full of rocks and shoals. Lon. 121. 20. E. Lat.
4. S.
Boo Shatter, or Stacor, (an. Utica,) t Africa,
in Tunis ; 20 N. Tunis. Lon. 10. E. Lat. 37.
32. N. Here are yet remaining many interest
ing ruins of walls, cisterns, the remains of an
cient Utica, a city memorable for the death of
Cato, 45 B. C.
Booberack, r. Algiers, which separates S. from
E. province, and runs into the Mediterranean,
a little W. Dellys.
Boobooan, small isl. in the Sooloo sea. Lon.
122. 9. E Lat 6. 17. N.
Booby Island, small island in the West Indies,
near St. Christopher's.
Booby Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near N. coast of New-Holland. Lon. 219. 22.
W. Lat. 10. 33. S.
Booby Rock, rock in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of New-Ireland ; 5 SE. Point Carteret.
Booby Shoal, shoal in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
159. 24. E. Lat. 21. 24. S.
Booda, X. on S. coast of Java. Lon. 106. 36. E.
Lat. 7. 14. S.
Boodah, pr. Bengal, bounded N. by Bootisha-
zary, E. by Coos Beyhar and Rungpour, S. and
SW: by Dinagepour, and W. by Purneah ; 28
miles long, and from 5 to 10 broad.
Boodegovia, X. Mysore ; 32 WSW. Gooty.
Boodicotta, X. Mysore ; 20 SW. Vencatighery.
Boodighery, X. Mysore ; 10 NE. Bangalore.
Booferjoone, mud-walled t. Africa, in Sahara,
celebrated for its fruit, especially apricots and
figs. It is situated on the Wed-el-Shaier, 125
SSE. Shershell.
Boog, or Bogoe, small isl. Denmark, between
the islands of Moen and Falster.
Boogebooge, X. Hind., in Cutch ; 120 SE. Tat
ta, 200 W. Amedabad. Lon. 69. 2. E. Lat. 23.
15. N. It is a place of considerable trade.
Boojemah, r. Algiers, which joins the Sei-
bouse, at Bona.
Bool, see Bohol.
Boolah, or Boulah, small isl. in the Caspian ,
¦sea, near W. coast ; 30 S. Baku.
Boolburya, X. Bengal, in Bettooriah ; 34 SE.
Nattore. Boolcoole, t. Hind., in Baglana ; 35 E. Saler
Moular. Boolecamba, X. on S. coast of Celebes. Lon.
120. 50. E. Lat. 6. 27. S.
Booloo, x. on S. coast of Celebes. Lon. 120.
S. E. Lat. 5. 35. S.

Boomban, X. Ludamar; 16 W. Benowm.
Boomoey-Osle-Sando, small isl. near the coast
of Norway ; 12 W. Suroy.
Boomptjes, small isl. in a bay on N. coast of
New-Guinea. Lon. 135. 42. E. Lat. 2. 54. S.
Booms, small isl. in the North Sea, near the
coast of Lapland ; 15 N. Suroy
Boomuggur, X. Algiers ; 14 N. Tubnah.
Boon, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Maine ; 8 E. York. Lon. 70. 30. W. Lat. 43.
1. N. Here is a light-house.
Boona, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas, on a point of
land, which projects into the Black sea ; 95 E.
Samsoun. Lon. 38. E. Lat. 40. 44. N.
Boondy, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 15SSW-Ran-
tampour, 84 SE. Agimere. Lon. 76. 26. E. Lat.
25. 35. N.
Boone, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio ; W.
514. Pop. in 1810, 3,608 ; slaves, 656. Pop.
in 1820, 6,542.
Boone's Mills, p-v. White co. Illinois ; W. 804.
Boonerschans, fortress, Groningen, on the
borders of E. Friesland, about three miles from
Dollart bay, 15 S. Embden.
Booneton, p-v. Morris co. N. J. ; W. 244.
Booneville, p-t. and cap. Cooper co. Missouri,
opposite to Franklin, of which it commands a
fine view.
Boongas Bay, bay on W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 99. 52. E. Lat. 0. 50. S.
Boonsborough, p-v. Washington co. Md. ; W.
60. Boonsborough, X. Madison co. Ken., on Ken
tucky river ; 20 SSE. Lexington. Pop. 68.
Boone's Station, p-v. Fayette co. Kentucky ;
W. 580.
Boonville, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 27 N. Utica,
W. 421. Pop. in 1810, 393 ; in 1820, 1,294.
Booradung, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 27 NNE.
Budawar. Boorali, X. Oude ; 35 miles from Budayoon.
Boordhana, X. Hind., in Delhi; 37 NNW.
Delhi. Boorinen, X. Algiers ; 30 SW. Boujeiah.
Boorkoo, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 6 SW. Am
ran. '¦
Boorogird, city, Persia, in Irak, at the foot of
a mountain. Pop. 12,000. It is peopled by
a tribe called Sack.
Booron, small isl. near W. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 109. 16. E. Lat. 0. 21. N.
Boor Solium, see Bursali.
Boorset, X. Guzerat ; 20 ENE. Cambay.
Boos, X. France, Lower-Seine ; 5 SE. RoUen,
Pop. 800.
Boosangur, X. Hind., in Visiapour; 12 NE.
Currer. Boosellam, r. Algiers, which rises near Se-
teef, and joins the Summam, about 9 SW.
Boujeiah. Boosnah, pr. Bengal, bounded NE. by the
Ganges, E. by Dacca, SW. by Jessore, and W.
by Mabmudshi; about 75 miles long, and from
10 to 30 broad. Mahmudpour is the capital.
Boosnah, t. Bengal capital of a circar of the
same name ; 10 N. Mahmudpour, 82 SE. Moor
shedabad. Lon. 89. 43. E. Lat. 23. 32. N.
Boossitah, X. Bengal ; 8 N. Mahmudpour.
Bootan, countiy, Asia, situated between Ben
gal and Thibet, surrounded on all sides by ve-

BOR

219

BOR

ry high mountains, situated principally be
tween the 27th and 28th deg. N. Lat. It is
about 200 miles long, and 90 broad. The
country presents the most mishapen irregulari
ties ; mountains covered with eternal ^verdure,
and rich with abundant forests of large and lofty
trees. Almost every mountain has a rapid tor
rent at its base, and many of the loftiest have
populous villages amidst orchards and other
plantations. The countiy affords almost every
variety of climate. The Booteas are stout and
athletic. In religion they are of the sect of
Buddha. The chief towns are Tassasudon, the
capital, Poonakha, Wandipour, Ghassa, and
Murrichom. Boottee, X. Bengal, in Nagpour; 10 NW. Doe-
sa. Lon. 84. 37. E. Lat. 23. 13. N.
Bootee, X. Hind., Baglana ; 45 SE. Tolnam.
Bootgony, t. Orrissa ; 40 SE. Ruttunpour.
Booth, (Goldsham,) Higher Booth, Lower
Booth, Old Booth, four townships, Eng., in Lan
cashire, containing about 3,400 inhabitants.
¦ They are all situated in the neighborhood of
Blackburn. Boothaut, X. Bengal, in Bootishazary ; 50 N
Dinagepour. Boothbay, p-t. Lincoln CO., Maine; 8 SE.
Wiscasset, 180 NE . Boston, W. 613. Pop. in
1810, 1,582; in 1820, 1,950. It is situated be
tween Sheepscot, or Booth bay, and Damaris-
cotta river.
Bootishazary, pr. Bengal, bounded N. by
Bootan and Morung, E. by Coos Beyhar, S. by
Boodah, and W. by Purneah and Morung;
about 25 miles long, and 15 broad. Sanasby-
gotta is the chief town.
Boothypour, X. Oude ; 25 SE. Pilibeat.
Boourou, small isl. near E. coast of Otaheite.
Bopatol, or Bopal, X. Hind., and capital of a
cicar of the same name, in the country of Mal
wa ; 90 E. Ougein, 368 S. Delhi. Lon. 77.
30. E. Lat. 23. 15. N. This place is extensive,
and surrounded by a stone wall, with square
towers. Bopara, X. Hind., Baglana ; 32 E. Basseen.
Bopfingen, X. Wurtemberg, in Jaxt, on the
Eger; 5 N. Nordlingen, 28 NNE. Ulm. Lon.
10. 22. E. Lat. 48. 48. N. Pop. 1,750.
Boppenhausen, X. Bav. ; 3 NNW. Schweinfurt.
Bopparl, or Boppard, X. Pru., Lower-Rhine,
in Coblentz, 8 E. Coblentz, 48 NE. Treves.
Lon. 7.33. E. Lat. 50. 15. N. Pop. 2,841.
It is a place of considerable antiquity, and
once imperial, built on the margin of the
Rhine, and surrounded with walls.
Boqucron, lake, Caraccas ; 30 SE. Segovia
Nueva. Boquerones, cluster of small islands in the
Spanish Maine, near the coast of Darien. Lon.
77.45. W. Lat. 8.55. N.
Boques Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Scioto, 5 W. Delaware.
Boquia, see Bekia.
Boqu, X. Guinea, situated . at the mouth of
v the Rio Suiero da Costa.
Boquinen, t Spain, in Aragon ; 18 NW. Sa
ra gossa.
Bor, see Hayd.
Bora, X. Bengal ; 16 N. Noony.
Borabassou, t. Celebes, where are manufac
tures of cotton and silk stuffs.

Borah, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 30 SW. Seronge.
Borahs, or Boras, t. Sweden, in West Goth
land ; 10 SW. Ulrichamn. Pop. 1,947. It
has manufactures of woollen and hardware,
and many of the inhabitants are employed as
travelling pedlars to vend their goods.
Borangos, (Los,) rocks in the Pacific ocean,
near the coast of Mexico. Lat. 16. 46. N.
Borani, t. Arabia ; 100 N. Jamama.
Boratiras, cluster of small isl., near the coast
of S. America. Lon. 65. W. Lat. 10. 15. N.
Borau, t. Silesia, in Breslau ; 18 S. Breslau.
Borazjoon, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 30 ' NE.
Busheer. Pop. 10,000.
Borbas, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 7 E. Estre-
moz. Pop. 2,734. It was once fortified.
Borbo, r. Piedmont, which runs into the Ta-
naro, at Asti.
Borch, t. Pra., in Magdeburg; 12 miles from
Magdeburg. Borchen, see Borken.
Borchiskevi, t. Turkish Armenia, in Erzerum ;
24 N. Ispirah.
Borchloen, or Loosz, X. Neth., in Liege : 12
NW. Liege. Lon. 5. 21. E. Lat. 50. 48. N.
Pop. 1,314.
Borcholz, t. Pru., in Minden ; 8 NNW. War
burg. Pop. 900.
Borchorst, see Borghorst.
Borchworm, or Borgworm, or Warem, t. Neth.,
in Liege ; 10 W. Liege.
Borcke, t. Prussia, in Natangen ; 10 N. Heils-
perg. Borckeloe, or Borclo, X. Holland, in Zutphen,
on the Berckel ; 15 ENE. Zutphen, 42 WNW.
Munster. Lon. 6. 22. E. Lat 52. 12. N. Pop. 1,000.
Borckeloe has been rendered remarkable asbeing
the subject of two wars, which the States Gene
ral were engaged in ; first, against the bishop of
Munster, in 1665 ; andsecondly, against France,
in' 1672. It is fortified and furnished with a
good garrison.
Borco, t. Italy, in the Trevisan ; 11 WNW.
Trevigio. Borcum, fan. Byrchanis,) small isl. in the
German ocean, near the coast of East-Fries-
Iand. Lon. 6. 32. E. Lat. 53. 26. N.
Bord, see Bort.
Bord,T. Moravia, which runs into the Marsch,
5 N. Muglitz.
Bordeaux, see Bourdeaux.
Bordekow, X. Aust. Galicia; 36 S. Lemberg.
Bordentown, p-t. Burlington co., N. J. on E.
side of the Delaware ; 4 SSE. Trenton, 26 NE.
Philadelphia, W. 174. Lon. 74.41. W. Lat.
40. 12. N. It is a pleasant town, principally
built on one street, and contains an academy,
a Baptist meeting house, and about 100 dwel
ling houses.
Borderes, X. France, in Higher-Pyrenees ; 12
S. La Barthe. H. 160.
Bordes, X. France, in Arriege ; 22 W. Mire-
poix. H. 350.
Bordiczow, X. Volhynia ; 34 SSW. Zytomiers.
Bordigherd, X. Genoa ; 8 E. Vintimiglia.
Bordisholm, X. Holstein ; 16 W. Ploen, 35 flf.
Hamburg. Bordo Nuovo, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia - 18
ESE. Pistrina.
Bordoe, one of the Faroe Islands, with o
harbour on NW. coast.

BOR

220

BOR

Bordogna, t. Italy, in Bergamao; 15 N.
Bergamo. Bore, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 70 ENE.
Cogni. Bore, r. Ireland, Which runs into the Slaney,
2 S.Enniscorthy. Bore, X. Hind., Dowlatabad ; 25 E. Poonah.
Borea, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 3. 10. N.
Boreah, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 8 NNE. Se-
ronje. Boreholm, one of the smaller Shetland Isl
ands, near W. coast of Mainland. Lon. 2. 0.
W. Lat. 60. 38. N.
Borek, X. Poland, in Kalish ; 28 W. Kalish.
Borek, see Gerkow.
Borenstein, see Barenslein.
Boreray, one of the smaller Western Islands
of Scot, situated 3 N. North Uist. Lon. 7.
18. W. Lat. 57. 43. N. Pop. 90.
Boresail, t. Hind., in Boggilcund, on an isl
and in the Soane ; 15 Makoonda.
Borgasano, X. Italy ; 3 S. Rimini.
Borg, or Burg, X. Denmark, in the island of
Femern. Lon. 11. 8. E. Lat. 54. 30. N.
Borge, X. Cephalonia ; 2 S. Cephalonia.
Borgentrick, or Borrenrik, X. Pru., in Minden ;
5 NNE. Warburg. Pop. 1,347.
Borgketto, X. Aust. Italy, Mantua, on the right
bank of the Mincio, opposite Valeggio, where, in
the beginning of June 1796, a severe battle was
fought between the French and Austrians, in
which the latter lost 1,500 men, and 500 hor
ses ; the French passed the river, and took
Valeggio. Booghetto, t. Genoa ; 8 E. Albenga.
Borghetlo, X. Tyrol, near the Adige; 8 SSW.
Roveredo. Borghetto, t. Italy, in Lodi, on the Lambro.
Pop. 2,400.
Borgolzhousen, t. Pru. Wesphalia, in Minden ;
6 SW. Hervorden. Pop. 1,920.
Borgholm, fortress, Sweden, on W. coast of
the island of Oeland, near the harbour of Bor-
ga, with a citadel.
Borghorst, X. Pru., in Munster ; 3 E. Stein-
fort. Pop. 880.
Borgi, X. Algiers ; 6 S. Biscara.
Borgian, see Bojian.
Borgnas, X. Finland ; 22 NNE. Helsingfors.
Borgne, t St. Domingo, on N. coast ; 24 SE.
Port Paix.
Borgne, lake, or gulf, Louisiana, E. of lake
Ponchartrain. It communicates with the gulf
of Mexico, and lake Ponchartrain, and is 40
miles long, and about 15 broad.
Borgo, X. Tuscany ; 31 NW. Florence. Lon.
10. 37. E. Lat. 44. 6. N.
Borgo, s-p. Rus., Finland, on a river of the
same name, which runs into the gulf of Fin
land, about ten miles from its mouth ; 25 ENE.
Helsingfors. Lon. 25. 40. E. Lat. 60.23. N. Pop.
2,03S. Bp. see. The harbour is but indifferent.
Borgo d'Alles, t. Piedmont ; 6 WSW. Ivrea.
Pop. 2,552.
Borgo d'Ashdeieh, X. Cyprus ; 3 NW. Baffa.
Borgo Franco, X. Piedmont ; 3 N. Ivrea.
Borgo de Fornari, t. Genoa ; 10 N. Genoa.
Sorgo-forte, X. Italy, in Mantua, at the con
flux of the Oglia and the Po ; 3 SSW. Mantua.
Pop. 2,000.

Borgo Maniera, or Borgomanero, t. Sardinian
Milanesse, on the Gogna ; 11 ESE. Borgo de
Sesia, 12 NNW Novara. Lon. 8. 27. E. Lat.
45. 42. N. Pop. 5,000.
Borgo d'Osma, (El,) X. Spain, in Old Castile ;
23 W. Soria. 40 SE. Burgos. Lon. 2. 57. W.
Lat. 41. 46. N. Pop. 200 families. It is situat
ed on a small river, that soon after runs into
the Duero, near the town of Osma, and is sur
rounded with walls.
Borgo St. Dalmazzo, X. Piedmont; 3 SW.
Coni. Pop. 2,754.
Borgo St. Donino, (an. Fidentia,) X. Italy, in
the duchy of Piacenza, on the Stirone ; 12
NW. Parma, 18 SE. Piacenza. Pop. 5,000.
Bp. see. It owes its foundation to the death
of St. Donino, who was beheaded here in 304.
It contains a cathedral, 4 parish churches, 6
convents, and a college.
Borgo de St. Marco, X. Italy, in Padua; 5
WSW. Montagnano.
Borgo di St. Sepolcro, X. Tuscany ; 11 NE.
Arezzo, 48 ESE. Florence. Lon. 12. 8. E.
Lat. 43. 35. N. Pop. 3,300. Bp. see. It is sit
uated near the source of the Tiber, on the
borders of the Popedom, with a fort built on a
rock. It contains 4 churches, and several
convents. Borgo di Sesia, X. Italy, in Sardinian Milan
ese, chief town of a district called Val de Ses-
sia; 20 NW. Novara, 50 NNE. Turin. Lon. 8.
16. E. Lat. 45. 43. N. Pop. 5,000.
Borgo di ValdiTaro, X. Parma, capital of the
Valdi Taro ; 23 SW. Parma, 35 S. Cremona.
Borgo Vercelli, X. Italy ; 3 NE. Vercelli.
Borgogni, X. Naples, Otranto ; 7 N. Otranto.
Borgognoni, small isl. in the Adriatic, near
the coast of Venice, and by means of a wood
en bridge connected with Torcello.
Borgona, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 8 NNE. Friuli.
Borgsio, X. Sweden, in Angermannland; 38
W. Sundswall.
Borgslall, X. Brandenburg ; 12 SSW. Stendal.
Borgworm, see Borchworm.
Boria, or Borja, X. Spain, in Aragon, capital
of a district ; 24 N. Calataiud, 34 WNW. Sara-
gossa. Lon. 1. 34. W. Lat. 41. 50. N. Pop.
3,200. It is situated near Mount Cayo, in
one of the most agreeable spots in the whole
province ; and contains 3 parish churches, 3
convents, and a hospital.
Borja, see St. Francisco de Borja.
Boriah, X. Hind., in Orissa; 45 NW. Rut
tunpour. Borjian, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 50 S. Kieh.
Borjokfit, t. Podolia ; 28 E. Kaminiec.
Boriquen, see Bieque.
Boriquetla, pr. S. A., in New Grenada.
Borissoglebsk, X. Russia, in Jaroslavl ; 20 W.
Jaroslavl, 32 ESE. Petersburg. Pop. 2,076
Borissoglebsk, t. Russia, in Tambov ; 72 SSE.
Tambov, 644 SSE. Petersburg. Pop. 1,788.
Borissoglebskaia, fortress, Russia, on the
Dnieper, in Ekaterinoslav ; 48 NW. Ekaterinos
lav. Borrissow, or Borisof X. Rus., in Minsk ; 36
NE. Minsk. Pop. 2,000.
Borislart, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 7SE*.
Toplitz. Borislhenes, see Dnieper.

BOR

221

BOR

Borilseh, X. Bohemia, Pilsen ; 12 SSE. Pil-
sen. Borium, or Bonium, now Bangor.
Borkan, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 64 SW. Lar.
Borkelo, see Borckeloe.
Borken, t. Prussia; 4 S. Johannesburg.
Borken, X. Hesse-Cassel ; 8 S. Fitzlar. Pop.
985. Borken, or Borchen, X. Pru. Westphalia, in
Munster, district of Aahaus, on the Aa; 30 W.
Munster. Pop. 3,380. It belongs to the prince
of Salm-Salm.
Borkum, small isl. in the German sea, near
the coast of East-Friesland, belonging to Hano
ver ; 12 m. in circ. Lon. 6. 40. E. Lat. 53.
34. N. Pop. 500.
Borkzowka, t. Podolia; 20 WNW. Kaminiec.
Borla, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, supposed by
Dr. Pococke to be the ancient Bilhynium, which
D'Anville places at Bastan.
Bormes, X. France, in Var, on the coast of the
Mediterranean ; 9 E. Hieres, 24 NW. Frejus.
Pop. 1,316.
Bormida, or Bormia, r. Italy, which runs in
to the Tanaro, near Alexandria.
Bormida, X. Genoa ; 12 W. Savona.
Bormio, X. Austria, in Sondrio, formerly capital
of a country so called, situated at the foot of
Mount Bralio, at the conflux of the rivers Adda
and Fredolfo ; 30 SE. Coire, 45 NW. Trent.
Lon. 10. 22. E. Lat. 46. 17. N. Pop. 1,200.
About a mile from the town are the warm baths
of Bormio, recommended for rheumatic com
plaints, Sic. The. county of Bormio formerly
belonged to the Grisons ; about 10 leagues
long, and nearly as many broad ; surrounded
by the Alps ; the soil fertile. Pop. 14,000.
Bormos, X. Spain, in Seville ; 6 NE. Arcos.
Born, i. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, and
district of Monflanquin ; 4 NNW. Monflanquin.
Borna, X. Saxony, in Leipsic ; 12 SSE. Leip
sic. Lon. 12. 26. E. Lat. 51 7. N. Pop. 2,299.
It is situated on an island formed by the Wichra
and Pleiss. It contains 2 churches.
Borne, r. Eng., which runs into the Tame, 1
SW. Tam worth.
Borne, r. Savoy, which runs into the Arve, 2
N. Bonneville.
Borneo, isl. Asia, next to New-Holland, the
largest in the known world ; about 800 miles
long, and 700 broad. Lon. 109. to 119. E. Lat.
7. N. to 4. 20. S. Pop. uncertain ; by some es
timated at 3,000,000 ; by Hassel at 5,000,000.
Sq. m. about 300,000.
The climate is temperate for the latitude ;
the coast for 10 or 15 miles inland generally
marshy, and the climate unhealthy to Europe
ans. Violent earthquakes are sometimes expe
rienced. The interior is partly mountainous ;
in the central part is a ridge, called the Crystal
Mountains. There are many considerable rivers ;
those best known are the Borneo, Banjar-Mas
sim, and Passmir. The island has been but little
explored by Europeans.
Valuable minerals are found ; fine diamonds,
some weighing 20, 30, or 40 carats ; gold in
considerable quantities; copper, tin, iron,pearls,
and mother of pearl. Vegetables are numerous ;
pepper is the staple production ; and of cam
phor about 4,375 pounds are annually exported, ,

esteemed the best from the eastern islands. In
many parts it is covered with forests of tall
timber; has a variety of animals, as elephants,
tigers, panthers, leopards, wild boars, deer, Sic;
but the most remarkable is the oran-oulang, an
animal bearing a strong resemblance to the
human species. The salangane or swallow,
which constructs the edible bird's nest, aiid the
bird of paradise are common.
Borneo is inhabited by various races of men,
some represented as mild, especially those
dwelling on the coast, others in the interior, as
wild and savage. There are numbers of Ma
hometans ; and on the coast are Chinese, Ma
lays, Javanese, and natives of Celebes. The
island is divided into several districts, governed
by independent sovereigns. Several European
powers have endeavoured to establish settle
ments in Borneoj but none, except that of the
Dutch, have been attended with any permanent
success. The Dutch have a fort and factory at
Banjar-Massim. Among the other places of
trade are Borneo, Sambas, and Succadana.
Borneo, s-p. and capital of a kingdom of the
same name, in Borneo, on NW- part of the isl
and. Lon. 113. 40. E. Lat. 3. 40. N. It is
situated on a river 10 miles from the sea, the
channel having 6 fathoms of water. The houses
occupy the banks on both sides, extending in
land about £ mile. All are supported on posts,
and are ascended by stairs. The town carries
on considerable trade with China in black
wood, clove bark, camphor, canes, pepper,
dammen, and birds' nests.
Bornevelt, X. Pru. Dusseldorf; 3 W. Lennep.
Bornheim, X. Ger., in the territory of Frank
fort on the Maine; 1 NE. Frankfort. Pop.
1,881. Bornhem, or Bornheim, t. Neth., in Antwerp;
8 NE. Dendermond. Pop. 3,563.
Bornholm, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic sea,
nearly surrounded with rocks. Lon. 15. E. Lat.
55. 10. N. Pop. 18,902. It is about 28 miles
long, and 18 broad. Sq. m. 218. The soil is
stony, but fertile, with excellent pastures ; oats,
butter, and fish constitute the principal riches
of the inhabitants. There are mines of coal and
quarries of marble in the island.
Borno, r Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
10 S. the Camarones.
Bornou, extensive kingdom, in the interior of
Africa ; the limits not well defined, but suppos
ed to be bounded N. by the deserts of Bilna and
of Lybia, E. by unknown regions, S. by Bergoo
and Begherme, and W. by Cassina and Asben.
The emperor is reputed by far the most power
ful sovereign in the interior of Africa; Bergoo,
Begherme, Wangara, and Cassina being tribu
tary to him.
The climate is hot ; the soil fertile ; the chief
produce grain, maize, also rice and beans ;
grapes, apricots, melons, limes, lemons, and
pomegranates, abundant ; sheep, goats, cows
horses, camels, and buffaloes, common ; also
lions, leopards, civet cats, antelopes, crocodiles
hippopotami, Sic ; ostriches and partridges ; and
a variety of reptiles. The countiy is traversed
by the river Wed-el-Gazel. The mountains are
the Tibesti. The commerce is carried on chiefly
by the merchants of Fezzan. The exports are
slaves, gold, and civet.

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The power of the sovereign appears to be
absolute, though the throne is in some measure
elective. The military strength consists chiefly
in cavalry ; the arms are the sabre, lance, pike,
and bow. The general habits of life appear to
be marked with great simplicity. The in
habitants are represented as courteous and hu
mane ; but violently addicted to gaming. They
are partly Mahometans and partly pagans.
Bornou, city, Africa, capital of the above
kingdom, about a day's journey from the Wed-
el-Gazel ; 420 W. Dongola, 600 SE. Mourzouk.
Lon. according to Major Rennel, 22. 57. E.
Lat. 24. 32. N. It is a large city ; according to
Ben AH four times the size of Tripoli ; and ac
cording to Hadji-Hamet larger than Cairo.
The houses are built in a very straggling man
ner. The palace is of vast extent, surrounded
by high walls ; the mosques numerous, built of
stone, and contain schools, which are supported
at the expense of the sultan.
Bornstett, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 4 SW. Eisleben.
Borny, X. France, in Moselle ; 2 E. Metz.
Boroa, or Borro, r. Africa, which runs into
the Atlantic, 25 S. the Camarones.
Boroczane, X. Aust. Galicia; 28 SSW. Halicz.
Borodino, v. Russia, in Moscow, near the
Moskwa ; 10 W. Mojaisk, 75 W. by S. Moscow.
It is remarkable for a great battle fought here
on the 7th Sept. 1812, between the French
tinder Bonaparte, and the Russians under Kutu-
soff. The loss on each side was nearly 30,000
men. Prince Bagration, a Russian general, was
slain. The French had the advantage ; there
was no pursuit, but in the course of the night
the Russians evacuated their position, and took
the road to Moscow.
Borogolty, X. Bengal ; 15 SSW. Calcutta.
Boronga, X. on E. coast of Samar. Lon. 125.
35. E. Lat. 11.53. N.
Boronov, X. Russia, in Archangel ; 80 S. Arch
angel. Boror, pr. Africa, N. Zambese.
Boros-Jeno, X. Hungary, capital of the county
of Arad ; 28 S. Gros-Wardein. Pop. 3,877.
Borotare, X. S. A. in Carthagena ; 6 E. Ocana.
Borotin, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 5 NNW. Ta
bor. H. 100.
Boroughbridge, or Burrowbridge, X. Eng., in
the West Riding of York, on the river Ure ; 17
NW. York, 217 N. London. Pop. 747. It sends
2 members to parliament.
Borovits-chi, X. Eu. Russia, in Novgorod, on
the Msta; 85 ESE. Novgorod. Pop. 2,574.
Borovsk, or Bord, X. Russia, in Kaluga ; 48-N.
Kaluga, 348 SSE. Petersburg. Pop. 5,176.
Borow, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 24 NW. Cam-
bay. Borowa, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 8 ENE.
Teutsch Brod.
Borowica, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 20 N. Lucko.
Borowick, X. Rus. Kiev ; 32 SE. Czerkasy.
Borowka, X. Rus. Podolia ; 54 E. Braclaw.
Borowsko, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 7 W. Le-
tletsch. Borowniza, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 18
SE. Konigingratz.
Borozdinka, fortress, Russian Tartary, in
Caucasus, on the Ural ; 32 N. Guriel.
Borpar, X. Bengal ; 28 S. Doesa.

Borrenrick, see Borgentrick.
Borriana, X. Spain, at the mouth of the Millas,
in the gulf of Valencia ; 21 N. Valencia. Pop.
6,300. Borriol, or Burriol, X. Spain, in Valencia, near
which is a silver mine ; 20 ENE. Segorba.
Pop. 2,350.
Borro, see Boroa.
Borromean Islands, three beautiful islands, in
Lago Maggiore, which see.
Borrow, X. Hind., in Oude ; 13 NE. Etaya.
Borrowstonness, or Bowness, s-p. Scot, in
Linlithgow, on a point of land, which projects
into the Forth ; 4 N. Linlithgow, 18 W. Edin
burgh. Lon. 3. 38. W. Lat. 56. 2. N. Pop.
2,790. It is a burgh of barony.
Borrudos, r. Brazil, which runs into the Pa
raguay. Borrunee, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 30 SW. Arrah.
Borschdd, or Borsod, co. Hungary, containing
4 circles. Sq. m. 1,380. Pop. 146,208. Chief
town,Miskholcz. Soil fertile in wheat, vines, Sic.
Borsczowka, X. Volhynia ; 15 SSW. Zytom-
iers. Borselen, or Munster, X. Holland, on W. coast
of South-Beveland ; 6 SSW. Goes.
Borsippa, now Semaui.
Borsk, t. Pru. Posen ; 35 S. Posen.
Borskaia, fortress, Russia, in Upha ; 120 SE.
Simbirsk, 188 WSW. Upha.
Borskar, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 30. E. Lat. 63. 53. N.
Borsoe, small isl. Denmark, 6 NE. Appenrade,
on E. coast of Sleswick.
Borsolowkuh, X. Podolia ; 24 NW. Braclaw.
Borstel, X. Han., Osnabruck ; 8 N. Furstenau.
Borstel, X. Holstein ; 14 SE. Bamstede.
Borszejowka, X. Rus., in Kiev ; 10 W. Kiev.
Bort, or Bord, X. France, in Correze ; 12 SE.
Ussel. Pop. 1,792. — Native, Marmontel.
Borlfeld, v. Ger., in Brunswick, bailiwick of
Eich. Pop. 677.
Bortwick, v. Scotj'in Mid-Lothian ; 12 Edin
burgh. — Native, Dr. William Robertson.
Bortsch, t. Turkish Armenia; 120 E. Trebi
sond. Borlzutim, t. Transylvania ; 12 N. Clausen-
burg. Borua, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 6 Villa Vi-
ciosa. Borudgow, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 35 S.
Amednagur. Borviasia, t. Russian Tartary, on N. side of
the Don ; 64 ENE. Azoph.
Bdrwalde, see Baerwalde. i
Bory, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 13 S. Demaun.
Boryslhenes, see Dnieper and Prypiee.
Borza, X. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 80 S. Tabris.
Borzenilz, t. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 25 SW.
Czaslau. Borzinskoi, X. Siberia, on the Argun ; 144 SE.
Nertchinsk. Borzna, t Russia, Tchernigov ; 50 SK. Tcher
nigov, 548 S. Petersburg.
Bos, see Ebus.
Bosa, s-p. Sardinia ; 18 SSW. Alghieri, 36
SSW. Sassari. Lon. 8. 42. E. Lat. 40. 18. N.
Pop. 5,000. Bp. see. It is situated on the W.
part of the island, and defended by a castle, on
a river to which it gives name.

BOS

223

BOS

Bosaraddaheba, or Jesardecheb, X. Asia, in Sa-
blestan; 63 S. Candahar.
Bosbos, X. on E. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128. 18.
E. Lat. 1. 8. N.
Boscastle, or Botereaux, X. Eng., in Cornwall,
on the Bristol Channel ; 5 N. Camelford, 16
WNW. Launceston. It receives coals and other
merchandise from Bristol, Sic, and exports in
return slate, dug in the neighbouring quarries.
It has a market on Thursday.
Boscawen, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H., on W.
side of the Merrimack, opposite Canterbury,
with which it is connected by a bridge ; 9 N.
Concord, 56 NW. Portsmouth, W. 514. Pop.
2,113. It contains 2 parishes, in each of which
there is a Congregational meeting house.
Boscawen's Island, isl. in the S. Pacific Ocean,
9 miles in circumference. Lon. 175. 10. W.
Lat. 15. 30. S.
Bosch, small isl. German sea, near the coast
of Groningen. Lon. 6. 53. E. Lat. 53. 33. N.
Boschowitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 12 SE.
Brunn. Pop. 658.
Boscleard,X. France, in Lower- Seine ; 11 N.
Rouen. Boscho, or Boschi, X. Italy, in Alexandria, on
the Orba ;¦ 5 SE. Alexandria. Pop. 2,661.
Bosco Regale, X. Naples, Lavora. Pop. 3,468.
Bosco, v. Naples, near the city of Naples.
Pop. 10,738.
Boscobel, v. Eng., Shropshire, where Charles II.
king of England, was concealed in an oak from
his pursuers, after the battle of Worcester ; 1 1
NNE. Bridgenorth.
Boseliam, or Bosenham,- v. and parish, Eng.,
Sussex, on an arm of the sea ; 4 W. Chicester.
Pop. 1,049.
Bosen, X. Prussia ; 50 S. Konigsberg.
Bosenbrunn, X. Saxony, in the Vogtland ; 3
SW. Oelnitz.
Bosentin, see Bodzetin.
Bosham, X. Africa, in Zendero, bordering on
Abyssinia. Lat. 7. 45. N.
Boshavir, i. Persia, which runs into the Per
sian gulf, near Bender Rigk.
Boshavir, see Busheer.
Boshuanas, a numerous class of tribes in the
interior of Southern Africa. Their territory is
stated to extend from the 25th to the 20th de
gree S. Lat. ; 30 or 40 days' journey N. of the
river Kuruhuian. They are supposed to be of
the same stock with the Caffres, but are more
civilized. Their towns are of considerable mag
nitude, of which Leetakoo is the largest known.
Bosje, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
sea, Lat. 29. S.
Bosjesmans, tribe of Hottentots, inhabiting
mountains near the Cape.
Boskovitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 22 W. Ol
mutz. Pop. 3,617.
Bosle, X. France, Loiret ; 2 N. Beaugency.
Bosna, r. Bosnia, which passes by Serajo, and
o ins the Save, 50 N. Bosna Serajo.
Bosna-Serajo, or Bosna-Serai, X. Eu. Turkey,
capital of Bosnia, near the influx of the small
river Aliljazka into the Bosna; 118 W.Bel
grade, 230 S. Vienna. Lon. 18. 5. W. Lat. 44.
25. N. Pop. 18,000. Cath. bp. see. It contains
100 mosques, great and small, and has a castle.
With the exception of some public buildings,

the town is generally meanly built. It has
manufactures of arms, and carries on considera
ble trade, chiefly with Dalmatia.
Bosnia, pr. Eu. Turkey, bounded N. by Scla
vonia, from which it is separated by the river
Save, E. by Servia, S. by Servia and Albania,
and W. by Dalmatia and Croatia ; about 120
miles in length, and 72 in breadth. It is moun
tainous, but fertile, especially near the rivers ;
the arable land producing good wheat, and the
pastures feeding a great quantity of cattle ; and
in the mountains are mines of silver. It was-
anciently that part of Pannonia, called Inferior.
The greatest part of the inhabitants are Greek
Christians, with some Mahometans. The prin
cipal towns are Bosna-Serajo, Ban jaluka, Zwor-
nick, and Strebernik. Pop. 600,000. Sq. m.
12,720. Bosok, X. Hungary ; 3 E. Baja.
Bosotandy, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 8 S. Beyar.
Bosphorus, or Thracian Bosphorus, or Strait of
Constantinople, the narrow sea, which forms a
communication between the Black sea and the
sea of Marmora; about 1£ mile broad, and 20
long. It is called Bogaz by the Turks.
Bosphorus, see Kerch.
Bosphorus, (Cimmerian,) see Cajfa.
Basra, or Bozrah, t. Syria, in the pachalic of
Damascus ; 50 S. Damascus, 80 NE. Jerusalem.
Lon. 36. 30. E. Lat. 32. 40. N.
Bosaqua, X. Quito ; 100 W. Quito.
Bosse, (La,) X. France, in Oise ; 8 SW. Beau
vais. Bossee, X. Holstein ; 6 ESE. Rendsbnrg.
Bossepul, X. Pru. Dantzic ; 2 S. Dantzic.
Bosseron, X. Knox co. Indiana.
Bossimei/, or Tintagel, X. Eng., in Cornwall, on
the Bristol channel ; 4 NW. Camelford. Pop.
of the parish 793. The name of the town is
Trevenna, or Trevenner. It sends - 2 members
to parliament. — Near it are the ruins of a castle,
in which the celebrated king Arthur is said to
have been born,
Bossum Pro, r. Africa, which crosses the Gold
coast, and runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 2. 24.
W. Lat. 5. 7. S.
Bossut, v. Hainaut ; 6 Mons.
Bost, (an. Abeste,) city, Persia, and capital of
a territory in Segestan, on the Heermund ; 60
SW. Candahar. Lon. 64. 45. E. Lat. 32. 30. N.
Boston, (El,) or Olukisla el Boslan, (an. Co-
mana,) X. A. Turkey, in Marasch ; 50 NNW.
Marasch. Bostett, X. Bav. ; 4 NNE. Geroltzhofen.
Boston, (New,) p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ;
8 NNW. Amherst, W. 492. Pop. 1,685.
Boston, city, s-p. and cap: Mass., in Suffolk
co. ; 14 SSW. Salem, 40 NNE. Providence, 56
S. by W. Portsmouth, 63 SSE. Concord, N. H
100 ENE, Hartford, 115 SSW. Portland, 210
NE. New York, 300 SSE. Montreal, 300 NE
Philadelphia, W. 436. Lon. 71. 4. W. Lat. 42.
22./N. Pop. in 1765, 15,520 ; in 1790, 18,038 ;
in 1800, 24,937 ; in 1810, 33,250 ; in 1820,
43,298; white males 20,108; white females
21,450; coloured persons 1,690; other persons
50. It is situated at the head of Massachusetts
bay, built, with the exception of the part called
South Boston, on a peninsula of uneven surface,

BOS

224

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and is nearly 3 miles in length, and 1 mile and
25 rods, where widest, in breadth ; and is con
nected with the main land at the south end by
a narrow isthmus, called the Neck, leading to
Roxbury. -The outer harbour is formed by
Nahant Point on the north, and Point Alderton
on the south, and is studded by about 40 small
islands, 15 of which afford excellent pasture ;
and are frequented in summer by numerous
parties of pleasure. The inner harbour is so
Capacious, that 500 vessels may ride at anchor in
a good depth of water; while the entrance is so
narrow as scarcely to admit 2 ships abreast. It
' is one of the best harbours in the United States,
accessible at every season, and protected from
all winds. The entrance is defended by 2 strong
forts, Fort Independence on Castle Island, and
Fort Warren on Governor's Island. The city
is admirably situated for commerce, and is a
place of great trade and opulence. The quantity
of shipping belonging to this port exceeds that
of any other port in the United States, with the
exception of New York; and in 1816, amounted
to 143,420 tons ; in 1821, 126,323 tons. In 1S21
the number of foreign arrrivals was 854; clear
ances 613; arrivals coastwise 1,831 ; clearances
2,082. The duties on imports, in 1821, amounted
to nearly $4,000,000. The city pays one
third of the state tax. Among the manufac
turing establishments are brass and iron found-
eries, a type foundery, and 2 large glass manu
factories, in which window glass and fancy and
ornamental work are made of a very superior
quality. The other manufactures are cordage,
¦cards for wool and cotton, paper-hangings, hats,
plate, soap, candles, rum, sugar, Sic.
Boston contains 155 streets, 27 lanes, exclu
sive of courts and squares, and about 80 wharfs
and quays; 11 banks including a branch of
the United States bank, 12 insurance offices,
a state house, a court house, a theatre, 2
jails, an almshouse, a workhouse, an asylum
for female orphans, and one for indigent boys,
4 market houses, 4 museums, a circus, and a
riding school ; a Medical college, (see Cam
bridge ;) and 29 places of public worship ; 11
for Congregationalists, 5 for Episcopalians, 3
for Baptists, 3 for Universalists, 2 for Methodists,
1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Friends, 1 for Af
ricans, a New Jerusalem church, and the sea
men's chapel. Many of the churches are ele
gant, and most of them are ornamented with
steeples or cupolas. To the public buildings
may be added the old state house, the Massa
chusetts general hospital, the Custom house,
Fanueil hall, Concert hall, Barristers hall, and
Merchants hall. The last is in the same build
ing with the post-office, and has an extensive
public reading room, which is a grand focus of
political and commercial intelligence. Among
the public objects may be enumerated the Gal
lery of Fine Arts and the Washington Gardens.
In 1817, there was erected on both sides of
Market Street a block of stores, 485 feet in
length on one side, and 442 on the other, and
4 stories high ; and on Central wharf another
immense pile of building was completed the
same year, 1,240 feet in length, Containing 54
stores 4 stories high, and having a spacious hall
in the centre,»verwhich is erected a convenient

observatory. These buildings, for extent, con
venience, and elegance, are said not to be ex
ceeded in the commercial world. The general
hospital is a very spacious and elegant edifice,
and the new court house is large and commodi
ous, both built of Chelmsford granite. The state
house is built on ground, elevated about 100 feet
above the level of the harbour, and is a noble
edifice. It is 173 feet in front, and 61 deep, and
its situation and size render it a very conspicuous
object. The dome is 50 feet in diameter, termi
nated by a circular lantern, at an elevation of
lOOfeetfrom the foundation. The prospect from
the top is exceedingly magnificent and beautiful,
surpassing every thing of the kind in this country,
andwillbeara comparison with the Castle hill of
Edinburgh, the famous bay of Naples, or any
other of the most picturesque scenes in Europe.
Here may be seen at a view, the town with its
shipping and buildings, the harbour and its isl
ands, Charles river, a fine country, ornamented
with elegant country seats, and more than 20
flourishing towns. In front of the state house is
the common, containing 44 acres, surrounded by
the mall, an extensive and most delightful pub
lic walk. In the north part of the city the streets
are narrow, irregular, and crooked ; many of
the houses of wood, more than a century old,
and built with little regard to convenience or
taste ; but in the parts recently built, the streets
are wider, the houses mostly of brick, and the
private buildings display more elegance and
splendour, than in any other city in the United
States. The city exhibits a very picturesque
and beautiful view when approached from the
sea ; and its general appearance is much ad:
mired by strangers. The surrounding countiy
is well cultivated, populous, and remarkably
pleasant, having numerous elegant country
seats, and many handsome villages ; and sur
passes in natural scenery and artificial improve
ment the vicinity of any city in the Union.
Boston is the literary as well as commercial
metropolis of New England. It is well supplied
with schools, both public and private ; and has
several valuable libraries, and numerous literary
and humane societies. The Boston Athenaeum
is a noble establishment, commenced in 1806,
and has a large brick building appropriated to
its accommodation. It contains a library of
21,000 volumes, is well furnished with domestic
and foreign periodical publications, and open
every day in the week, except Sunday. The
Boston Libraiy contains 8,000 volumes ; the
Theological Library 2,000 ; the Social Law
Libraiy 1,000 ; the Mercantile Library 1,209 ;
the Mechanic Apprentices Library about 2,500.
The Massachusetts Historical Society has a li
brary of upwards of 2,000 volumes, and the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences one
of about 1,500. These, together with the other
principal societies in the state, hold their meet
ings here. There arc published in Boston, 19
newspapers ; 3 daily, 1 three times a week, 5
twice a week, and 10 once a week ; and 11
other periodical works are published or repub
lished. The citizens are distinguished for their
enterprize, intelligence, hospitality, and public
spirit ; and for the liberality with which they
support humane and charitable objects.

BOS

225

BOT

The bridges, which are 5 in number, are ob
jects of particular interest. Charles river bridge,
connecting Boston with Charlestown was first
opened for passengers in 1786. It is 1,503 feet
long, 42 broad, and stands on 75 piers. West
Boston bridge, connecting Boston with Cam
bridge-port, was opened in 1793. It is 3,483
feet long, 40 broad, and stands on 180 piers.
South Boston bridge, connecting the main part
of the town with South Boston, was construct
ed in 1805, and is 1,628 feet long, and 42 broad.
Craigie's or Canal bridge, connecting Boston
with Lechmere's point, was opened in 1809.
It is 2,740 feet long, and 56 broad, floored with
earth. This bridge, on the Cambridge side, is
connected with Charlestown by Prison point
bridge, 1,831 feet long. The Mill Dam bridge,
forming a grand avenue into Boston from
Brookline and Brighton, was begun in 1818,
and finished in 1821, and cost about #600,000.
It is constructed of stone and earth, 1J mile
long, about 13 feet high, and so broad that 5
carriages may be driven over it abreast. It
encloses 2 basins, a full basin consisting of
200 acres, and a receiving basin containing 500
acres. These basins are separated by a cross
dam, on which it is contemplated to erect vari
ous mills. A large corn mill has been recently
finished, and is in successful operation. A wa
ter power is created sufficient to put in opera
tion very extensive water works.
The Indian name of Boston was Shawmut.
It was settled by the English in 1630, and at
first called Tremount or Trimounlain, from three
hills. It was greatly distinguished for the part
it took in the revolution, which originated here.
It was styled and governed as a town till 1822,
when it was erected into a city, and a repre
sentative government was instituted. It is di
vided into 12 wards, and the elections are now
held by wards. It has suffered much by fires ;
some of the principal of which have happened
in 1676, 1679, 1683, 1711, 1760, 1767, 1775,
1787, and 1794. In 1760 happened what is call
ed the great fire, which consumed 174 dwelling
houses and 175 other buildings. In 1818, Nov.
3, the exchange, a magnificent brick edifice, of
7 stories, 127 feet long, containing 202 rooms,
was burnt. — Benjamin Franklin was born here
Jan. 17, 1706.
Boston, (an. Boiolph's Town,) t Eng., in Lin
coln ; 34 SSE. Lincoln, 115 N. London. Lon.
0. 2. W. Lat. 52. 4S. N. Pop. in 1801, 5,926 ;
1811, 8,113. It is nearly surrounded byfens,on
the Witham, which is navigable, and forms a
port, well frequented, and much assisted by
navigable canals. It has 4 annual fairs, and
markets on Wednesday and Saturday ; during
the spring very large for cattle. It has a flour
ishing trade with the Baltic for hemp, tar, tim
ber, Sic. In former periods it stood high as a
commercial town. The church is a handsome
structure, and serves as a mark to seamen.
Bosvogan, one of the Philippine Islands, and
the largest of those called Calamianes, about
30 miles long and 12 broad. Lon. 120. 15. E.
Lat. 12. 16. N.
Bosuls, X. France, Aveiron ; 10 NE. Rhodez.
Bosworth, or Market Bosworth, X. England, in
Leicester, situated on a hill ; 11 W. Leicester,
Vol. I, 29

106 NNW, London. Lon. 1.24. W. Lat. 5^.38.
N. Pop. 791.
Bosworth, (Husband,) X. Eng., in Leicester
shire ; 14 S. Leicester. Pop. 660.
Boszut, r. Sclavonia, which runs into the-
Save, 20 miles above Sabacz.
Bota, t. Sweden, in Angermannland ; 31 N.
Hernosand. Bot, X. Negroland, in Melli, near the mouth
of the Geba.
Rota, X. Africa, in Ambozes. Lat. 3. 58. N.
Bolagong, X. Bengal ; 15 NE. Rangamatty.
Botany Bay, spacious bay on SE. coast of
New Holland, the part called New South Wales.
Lon. 151. 15. E. Lat. 34. 4. S. It was discover
ed by Capt. Cook in 1770, and so named from
the great variety of plants, hitherto unknown,
found here by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. So-
lander. The bay appears at first sight to afford
perfect shelter and good anchorage, but the
water is too shallow for large vessels. It gives
name to a settlement, originally projected here,
but Sydney, the chief town of the settlement, is
on the bay of Port Jackson, some miles distant.
After the separation of the United States
from Great Britain, Botany bay was fixed on as
a place of exile for English convicts ; and the
settlement was first formed by the transporta
tion, in 1787, of 760 convicts in 11 vessels. The
colony embraces a considerable extent of ter
ritory, and is divided into 4 districts, with the
chief town of the same name, viz. Sydney, Pa
ramatta, Hawkesbury, and Newcastle. The
colony has 2 dependencies, Hobart Town and
Port Dalrymple, on Van Diemen's Land, 300
miles distant. Pop. of the colony in 1804,
7,410; in 1810, 11,952; of whom 1,100 were
military; in 1817, 20,379; of whom 17,165
were in New Holland,, and 3,214 were in Van
Diemen's Land. Pop. in 1818, 25,050. In,
1808 there were belonging to the colony 55,450
horned cattle, 3,675 horses, 201,242 sheep,
24,822 hogs, and 49,600 acres of land under
cultivation. In 1810 the proportion of men to
women was nearly as 5 to 2.
The colony has been formed almost wholly
of criminals, many of whom, both males and
females, have been reclaimed to a virtuous life, *
and have acquired considerable fortunes. But
the general state of society, as might be expect
ed, is deplorable ; the colonists are much addict
ed to intemperance and gaming, and atrocious
crimes have been frequent. — Much has been
done to promote the comfort of the inhabitants ;
schools have been instituted ; and there are 2
orphan hospitals, one for males, and one for
females. The climate is temperate and healthy. The
thermometer in summer sometimes rises to
100 degrees, and in the winter nights- there is
sometimes hoar frost, but fire is not necessary.
Much of the soil is very fertile, interspersed,
however, with barren tracts. Wheat, barley,
maize, and garden vegetables have been suc
cessfully introduced, and the country has prov
ed favourable to domestic animals. No miner
als of importance have been found in the vicin
ity, except iron and coal. — The environs of
Botany bay are inhabited by a race of savages,
among the lowest in point of civilization any
where known.

BOT

226

BOU

Botany Island, small island, in the S. Pacific
ocean, near SE. coast of New Caledonia. It is
a mere sand-bank, not exceeding 4 mile in cir
cuit Lon. 168. 16. E. Lat. 22. 26. S.
Botoa, X. Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 1,200.
Bolaschany, see Butaszany.
Boternhosen, X. Holstein ; 9 SSW. Nordorp.
Botesdale. X. Eng., in Suffolk ; 6 S. Diss, 85
.NNE. London. Pop. 575.
Botetourt, co. central part of Va., bounded N.
by Bath co., NE. by Rockbridge co., SE. by
Bedford and Franklin Cos., SW. by Montgome
ry co., and NW. by Monroe co. Pop. in 1810,
13,801; slaves 2,275. Pop. 13,589. Chief town,
Fincastle. Bo/A, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Inn,
near Scherding.
Bothnia, (East,) pr. formerly belonging to
Sweden, but ceded to Russia in 1809, situated
on E. side of the gulf of Bothnia, bounded N.
by Lapland, E. by the Russian government of
Archangel and Olonetz, S. by Finlandrand W.
by the gulf of Bothnia ; about 300 miles in
length, and from 60 to 210 in breadth. Towards
the S. and on the sea-coast, the land is low and
marshy. The summers are often so-cold as to
destroy great part of the crops. Pop. about
70,000 ; divided into 28 parishes ; spread over
this large space ; the cattle are small, and
bears are numerous. Their salmon fishery is
abundant, and that of pearls oftentimes suc
cessful. The principal exports are timber, but
ter, whale oil, pitch, tar, Sic The principal
towns are Cajana, or Cajaneborg, Ulea, Chris-
tinestadt, Sic
Bothnia, (West,) pr. Sweden, situated on W.
side of the gulf of Bothnia, bounded N. and W.
by Lapland, S. by Angermania, and E. by the
gulf of Bothnia. The country is tolerably fertile,
but sudden frosts in the month of July often
times destroy the labourer's hopes. There are
mines of copper and iron. The principal towns
are Umea, Pithea, andLulea. Pop. about56,000.
Bothnia, (Gulf of) sea or large gulf, branch
ing from the Baltic, from which it is separated
by the island of Aland, bounded W. by the do-
* minions of Sweden and E. by Finland ; about
360 miles from N. to S. and from 50 to 145
If oad, from E. to W. Lon. 17. to 25. E. Lat.
60. 20. to 65. 50. N.
Bothoa, X. France, in North-Coast; 8 NE.
Rostrenen. Bothwell, v. and parish, Scot, in Lanark, on
the Clyde ; 9 SE. Glasgow. Pop. 3,745. In the
year 1679, at Bothwell bridge, a battle' was
fought between the troops of Charles II. under
the command of the Duke of Monmouth, and
the Scotch Covenanters, headed by their min
isters. The latter were defeated ; 700 being
killed, and 1,200 taken prisoners.
Bali, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 22 S. Orlenga.
Bali, X. Russia, Irkutsk ; 76 NE. Nertchirisk.
Boticelli, or Beit Giala, or Boltesham, X. Pal
estine, inhabited by Greek Christians ; 8 NW.
Bethlehem. Botley, v. Berkshire,'Eng. ; 1 m.from Oxford.
Botley, v. Bucks, England ; 1 mile from Che-
sham, 29 from London.
Botna, or Kauzen, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs
into the Dnieper, near Bender.

Botoa, X. Africa, on the Grain Coast ; 20 S.
Sanguin. Bolonga, countiy, Africa, E. of Mocaranga,
about 200 miles long from N. to S. and 100
broad. The river Sofala crosses it from W. to
E., and the river Sabia bounds it on the S.
Botol Tabaeoxima, or Batol Tobago Xima,
isl. in the Chinese sea, S. of Formosa, and N.
the Bashee Islands. " This island," says Mofi.
La Perouse, " on which no navigator has hith
erto been known to land, may be about four
leagues in circumference." Lon. of the SE.
point, 122. 0. E. Lat. 21. 57. N.
Botom,X. Great Bukharia ; 120 E. Samarcand.
Botovskaia, X. Russian Tartary ; 20 SSW. Ko-
persk. Butrys, or Botryum, see Palrona.
Botla, (R,) X. Parma, in Piacenza, on the Po ;
4 NNW. Piacenza, 14 S. Lodi.
Botle, group of rocks in the Mediterranean,
near the coast of Italy, composed of compact
lava ; 5 SE. Ponza. Lon. 13. E. Lat. 40. 55. N.
Bottlestalt, see Buttlestatt.
Bottenstein, see Pottenstein.
Boltesdale, or Buddesdale, see Botesdale.
Bolteshall, see Botlicelly.
Boltesttano, X. Tyrol ; 10 S. Bralmeck.
Bottle Hill, p-t. Morris county, N. J. ; 2 NW.
Chatham, 15 NW. Elizabethtown ; W. 228. It
is a pleasant village, and contains a Presbyte
rian church.
Bottomless Bay, (Bahia sin Fondo,) bay of the
Atlantic, on the coast of S. A. Lat. 41. 50. S.
Bottono, X. Italy, in Parma ; 9 SSE. Parma.
Botwar, or Gross Botwar, X. Wurtemberg, on
a small river of the same name, which runs
into the Neckar ; 10 S. Heilbron. Lon. 9. 24.
E. Lat. 49. 1. N. Pop. 2,255.
Botwar, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Muehr, at Steinheim.
Botzen, see Bolzano.
Botzenburg, see Boitzenburg. '
Bova, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Bp. see, at
the foot of the Apennines, near the sea; 20 SE.
Reggio." Lon. 16. 19. E. Lat. 37. 56. N. Pop.
2,321. This town is said to have been founded
by the Albanians, who emigrated after the
death of their celebrated prince John Castriot ;
of whom it is estimated that there are not less
than 100,000, inhabiting different towns and
villages, who speak their native language, and
are ignorant of the language of Calabria.
Bouage, t. France, in Lower-Loire; 8 SW.
Nantes. Bovamoote, X. Bengal ; 48 SSW. Calcutta.
Bouan-Sima, small isl. in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Tonquin. Lon. 105. 30. E.
Lat. 18. 30. N.
Bovarno, see Bobarno.
Bouca, Lord Anson's island, so called by
Mons. Bougainville.
Boucan de Lalen, X. on W. coast of Bourbon ;
25 SW. St. Denys.
Boucaut, (Vieux,) X. France, in Landes, near
the sea ; 15 W. Ax, 18 N. Bayonne.
Bouchain, X. France, North, on the Scheldt;
7 NNE. Cambray, 9 SW. Valenciennes. Pop.
1,128. It has considerable trade in cattle and
corn, and is veiy strongly fortified. The sur
rounding country, for a great extent, can be laid
under water by means of sluices.

BOU

227

BOU

BoMctettoine, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;
4 S. Angers.
Boucbeng, t. Persia, Korasan ; 20 N- Herat.
Boucher, X. Persia, in Farsistan, on N. coast
of the Persian gulf ; 160 SW. Schiras.
Bouclans, t. France, Doubs ; 9 E. Besancon.
Boucnasch, t. Holstein ; 5 ENE. Rendsburg.
! Boucairan, X. France, in Gard ; 9 W. Uzes,
Bouconville, X. France, in Meuse; 6 E. St.
Mihiel. Boudebou, X. Benin, on the Formosa ; 40 SW.
Benin. Boudelore, X. Carnatic ; 8 W. Tanjore.
Boudet, r. Upper Canada, which flows into
Lake St. Francis.
Boudevillers, X. Switz. ; 4 NW. Neufchatel.
Boudeuse, small isl. in the Indian Sea. Lon.
54. 15. E. Lat. 6. 10. S.
Boudgong,X. Bengal; 25 W. Moorshedabad.
Boudham, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 20 E. Surat.
¦ Boudoire, or Pie de la Boudeuse, name given
by Bougainville to the island of Osnabruck, in
the S. Pacific Ocean.
Boudok-uzi, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas; 20 W.
Tschuram. Bbudron, see Bodrun.
Boudry, X. Switz., in Neufchatel ;- 4 SW.
Neufchatel. Pop. 1,200.— Native, Marat.
Boudziac, X. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 100 N. Sivas.
Bovee,.X. France, Meuse ; 15 SE. Bar-le-Duc
Bovelles, X. France, Somme ; 6 WSW. Amiens.
Bovenden, X. Hanover, in Gottingen ; 4 N.
Gottingen, Pop. 1,385.
Bovense, X. Denmark, on the coast of Fyen ;
15 NW. Odense.
Boves, t. France, in Somme ; 6 SE- Amiens.
Bpves, t. Piedmont ; 4 S. Coni. Pop. 6,702.
Bovet's Island. This is supposed by Captain
Cook to be an island of ice.
Bovey Tracey, t. and parish, Eng., in Devon ;
12 SW. Exeter. Pop. 1,385.
Bouexiere, (La,) t France, Ille-and-Vilaine ;
10 NE. Rennes.
Boufflers, X. France, formerly called Cagni,
in Oise ; 7 W. Beauvais.
Bouframont, X. France, in Vosges; S. Neuf-
chateau. Bougainville's Bay, bay in the straits of' Ma
gellan, on the coast of Patagonia. Lon. 72. 9.
W. Lat. 53. 50. N. It is about 200 toises long,
and 50 deep ; high mountains surround and de
fend it against all winds, so that the sea is
always smooth, as in a basin. Observatory isl
and lies before this hay.
Bougainville's Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean,
between New Britain and New Georgia.
Bougainville's Straits, passage of the S. Paci
fic ocean, between Bougainville's Island and
New Georgia. Lon 156. E. Lat. 6. 50. S.
Bouglon, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 4
N. Castel Jaloux, Pop. 2,437.
Boutree, one of the smaller Friendly islands.
Bouis, or Poloni, two 'islets in the Grecian
Archipelago. Lon. 25. 58. E. Lat. 37. 16. N. '
Boujalu, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia; 22 W.
Castamena. Bosvianum, new Boiano.
Boujeiah, or Bugia, (an. Salda, or Sarda,) s-p.
Africa, in Algiers ; 80 E. Algiers. Lon. 5. 10. E.
Lat. 36. 42. N. The harbour is large, and con

fined by a wall of square stones, and defended
by two castles. The principal trade of the in
habitants is .ploughshares, spades, and other
instruments of agriculture, made of iron, ob
tained from mountains near the town ; consid
erable quantities of oil and wax are exported,
the produce of the countiy round about. Be
sides the castle, upon the summit of a hill,
which commands the whole city, there are two
others at the bottom of it, for the security of
the port. Boujeiah is one of the garrisoned
towns of this kingdom, where three companies
of Turkish soldiers constantly reside.
Boujepour, or Boujepore, or Shawabad, pr.
Bahar, bounded N. by the Ganges, E. by Bahar
Proper, SW. by Rotas, and NW. by Chunar
and the Ganges, about 46 miles long, and 35
broad. Arrah is the capital.
Boujepour, X. Hindoostan, in Bahar ; 57 W.
Patna. Bovidjal, X. Circassia, on the Black sea ; 50
miles SE. Anapa.
Bouillac, X. France, in Upper-Garonne; 9
NW. Grenade.
Bouille, (La,) t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 9
SSW. Rouen. Pop. .940..
Bouille Menard, X. France, in Mayne-and-
Loire ; 6 NW. Segre.
Bouillon, X. Neth., capital of a duchy, lying
between Luxemburg and Leige ; 6 miles NNE.
Sedan, 12 posts SSE. Leige, 32 NNE. Paris.
Lon. 5. 8. E. Lat. 49. 48. N. Pop. 2,138. The
castle is built on a rock by the side of the Se-
moy, near its junction with the Meuse. The
duchy is about 18 miles long, and 9 broad;
Woody and mountainous. Pop. 16,000. The
duke is under the sovereignty of the king of
Netherlands, as grand duke of Luxemburg.
Bouilly, X. France, in Aube, and district of
Ervy ; 7 S. Troyes.
Bouin, small isl. France, near the island of
Noirmoutier, in Vendee, having a town of same
name with 2,000 inhabitants.
Bovincoral, t. Hind., Mysore ; 7 N. Erroad.
Bovina, X. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 1,522.
Bovines, see Bouvignes.
Bovino, t. Naples, in the Capitanata ; Bp. see;
10 S. Lucera, 28 ENE. Benevento. Lon. 15.
20. E. Lat. 41. 15. N. Pop. 3,500.
Bouisse, X. France, in Aude, in the district of
La Grasse ; 9 SW. La Grasse.
Bovium, now Church Stretlon.
Bouk Houma, or Red River, r. Mississippi,
which runs into the bay of St. Louis, Lon. 89.
18. W. Lat. 30. 20. N.
Boulder, see Abukir.
Bouk Oke Yannale, r. Mississippi, which runs
into the bay of St. Louis, Lon. 89. 16. W. Lat.
30. 30. N.
Boulac, see Bulac.
Boulah, see Boolah.
Boulam, see Bulam.
Boulan, km. in S. pait of Celebes.
Boulanchair, X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia ; 20
SW. Malatia.
Boulay,X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Moselle ; 12 NE. Metz, 16 SE. Thi-
onville. Pop. 2,669.
Boulene, t France, in Gard ; 5 E. Pont St
Esprit.

BOU

228

BLU

Bouleleranes, t. France, in Eastern-Pyrenees ;
12 W. Perpignan.
Boulki, X. Aust. Lemberg ; 16 SE. Lemberg.
Boullonois, before the revolution a country
of France, in the northern part of Picardy, of
which Boulogne was the capital.
Boulogne, or Boulogtie-sur-Mer, (an. Bononia,
and Gesoriacum,) city and s-p. France, in
Straits-of-Calais, capital of a district ; '4 posts
SSW. Calais, 31 N. Paris. Lon. 1. 37. E. Lat.
50. 44. N. Pop. 13,228. H. 1,600. It is di
vided into Upper and Lower town, the former
of which is surrounded with walls, and con
tains about 400 houses. Before the revolution
it was the see of a bishop and the seat of a
governor. It has considerable trade in fish,
coal, salt, butter, soap, earthern ware, linen
and woollen goods. It is a favourite place of re
sort for English emigrants, and about 3,000 Brit
ish are resident here. The harbour is difficult
to enter and the anchorage not good.
Boulogne, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 12
N. St. Gaudens, 38 SW. Toulouse. Pop. 1,476.
Boulloire, X. France, in Sarte ; 15 E. Le Mans.
Pop. 1,490.
Boulon, (Le,) X. France,in Eastern-Pyrenees;
12 S. Perpignan. Pop. 480.
Boundbrook, p-t. Somerset co. N. J. ; on Jtfl
bank of the Raritan ; 7 NW. New-Brunswick,
W. 200.
Bounkee, t. Hind., in Orissa ; 36 NE. Pada.
Bounty Islands, islands in S. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 179. 10. E. Lat. 47. 32. S.
Bovolante, X. Italy, Padua; 7 SE. Padua.
Bouper, (Le,) t France in Lower-Pyrenees ;
10 SW. Mauleon.
Bouquenais, X. France, in Lower-Loire, on
the left bank of the Loire ; 3 below Nantes.
Bouquenon, t. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 15
SW. Bitche. Pop. 2,950.
Bouquet, r. Essex co. N. Y. which runs into
lake Champlain, 23 N. Crown point ; 35 miles
long. Bour, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 4 SE.
Akserai. Bourac, X. Arabian Irak; 70 SSE. Bagdad.
Baurasingy, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 39 E. Ki-
medy. Bourbach, or Grand Bourbach, X. and castle
Ger., in Nassau ; 9 W. Dillenburg.
Bourbon, co. N. part of Kentucky. Pop. in
1810 ,18,009 ; slaves 4,169. Pop. in 1820, 17,664.
Chief town, Paris.
Bourbon, (New,) v. Missouri, on W. side of
the Mississippi, 2 miles below St. Genevieve.
Bourbon, once called by the Portuguese
Marscarenhas and Reunion, isl. in the Indian
ocean, belonging to France ; 100 WSW. Mau
ritius, 400 E. Madagascar. Lon. 55. 20. E. Lat.
21. S. It is about 48 miles long, and 36 broad.
Pop. stated in 1811, at 80,346, of whom 16,400
were whites, 3,496 free people of colour, and
60,450 slaves. The island is composed of two
mountains; the smallest is the southern one, in
which the volcanic fires are still raging. The
volcanic substance, though in a state of perpet
ual agitation, never rises so high as to issue out
of the crater. But from lateral openings it rolls
down the sides of the mountain, presenting at a
distance the appearance of a fiery cascade, and

being seen at a distance at sea, serves as a kind
of pharos to mariners.
In the central part are three inacessible
peaks, supposed to have an elevation of 3,200
yards. The mountains give the island at a dis
tance a globular appearance. A great part of
it consists of volcanic desert, destitute of veg
etation. In other parts the soil is fertile, the
"air pure, the climate delicious : the sky always
beautiful, and the water pure and abundant.
The staple production is coffee ; other produc
tions, cattle, corn, rice, maize, sugar, also
ebony, aloes, palm, benzoin, Sic.
Bourbon Lake, lake N. America, composed
of the waters of the Bourbon river, which rises
a great way to the southward, not far from the
northern heads of the Mississippi. It is about
80 miles in length, N. ahd-S., and is nearly cir
cular. The weather here is extremely cold,
and few animals are to be found in the coun
try that borders on it. The timber growing
here is chiefly fir, cedar, spruce, and some
maple, Bourbon I'Archambaud, X. France, in Allier,
and district of Cerilly ; 12 W. Moulines. Pop.
2,542. It is celebrated for its hot medicinal
waters and bath's, and contains two hospitals.
Bourbon Archipelago, name given to the So
ciety islands, by Monsieur Bourgainville, in
1763. Bourbon Lancy, X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ; 28
SW. Autun, 45 WNW. Macon. Lon. 3. 51.
E. Lat. 46.37. N. Pop. 2,623. It is celebrat
ed for its medicinal springs, and contains 3
parishes and 2 hospitals. Near it are found
ruins, which bear evidence of its former mag
nificence. Bourbon Vendee, formerly Roche sur Yon, and
during the reign of Bonaparte, Napoleon, t.
France, capital of Vendee, on the Yon ; 30 NW.
Fontenay le Comte. Lon. 1. 20. W. Lat. 46. 44.
N. Pop. 3,080. The royalists were defeated
here by the republicans, Dec. 28, 1795.
Bowbonne tes Bains, t. France, and principal
place of a district, in Upper-Marne ; celebrated
for its hot baths ; 18 ENE. Langres. Lon. 5.
50. E. Lat 47. 57. N. Pop. 3,913.
Bourbonnois, before the revolution a pro
vince of France, bounded E. by Burgundy, N.
and W. by Nivernois and Berry, and S. by Au-
vergne. The climate is veiy temperate, and
the countiy abounds in corn, hemp, fruit, wine,
pasturage, and wood ; there are some mines of
coal, and medicinal springs.
Bourbonton, see Paris.
Bourbourg, X. France, in North, on a naviga
ble canal, which communicates with Calais, St.
Omer, Dunkirk, Gravelines, he. ; 3 SE. Gra-
velines, 9 SW. Dunkirk. Pop. 1>966.
Bourbriac, t. France, in North-coasts; 5 S.
Guingamp. Bourcherville, X. Canada, on S. side of the St.
Lawrence. It contains 90 or 100 houses.
Bourchet, X. Luxemburg ; 4 NW. Dicrich.
Bourdeaux, or Bordeaux, (an. Burdigald,)
city and s-p. France, capital of Gironde, on the
west bank of Garonne, 16 leagues from its
mouth ; 55 S. Saintes, 90 S. Rochelle, 280 WSW.
Lyons, 325 SW. Paris. Lon. 0. 34. W. LaJ.

BOU

229

BOU

44, 60. N. Pop. 92,374. H. 7,810. Abp. see.
Before the revolution it was the capital of
Bourdelois, and of the whole of Guicnne. It
has 19 gates, 12 of them towards the river, and
though not regularly fortified, is surrounded by
a wall and several old towers, and has two
small forts. The maritime commerce is next
to that of Marseilles, the most extended in
France, and owed its origin to the spacious
harbour formed by the Garonne. The tide rises
12 feet, so that large merchant vessels and fri
gates can come up close to the town. Its trade
in wine and brandy with Britain, Ireland, Hol
land, Sweden, Denmark, the Hanse Towns, Sic,
is great. It is computed that 100,000 pipes of
wine, and 20,000 of brandy are annually ex
ported by foreigners. It exports various other
articles, and has a considerable trade with
Spain, Portugal, the United States, and the col
onies ; also in the whale and cod fisheries.
It contains a cathedral, 46 Cath. chh., 1 Ref.
ch., 1 synagogue, a public libraiy of 105,000
vols., an academy, or provincial university
with 2 faculties, an academy of sciences, with
a libraiy of 20,000 vols., and other public
buildings and institutions. The interior of the
town is not remarkably handsome, the streets
being mostly crooked, narrow, and badly pav
ed ; but a number of its edifices are elegant. —
Vestiges of Roman grandeur are still to be seen.
Native, Ausonius.
Bourdeaux, t. France, in Dr6me ; 18 S. Va
lence. Pop. 1,156.
Bourdeille, X. France, in Dordogne ; 10 NW.
Perigueux. Pop. 1,560.
Bourdelins, (Les,) X. France, in Cher ; 20 SE.
Bourges. Bourdelois, before the revolution, a countiy
of France, in the province of Guienne, in the
environs of Bourdeaux ; bounded E. by Age
nois and Perigord, S. by Gascony, W. by the
sea, and N. by Saintonge.
Boardieu's Bay, large bay in Cooke's inlet,
on W. coast of N. America; 20 NW. Cape
Douglas. Bourdonnay, X. France, in Meurte; 6 SE.
Marsal, 12 NE. Luneville.
Bourdour, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 98
SW. Cogni.
Bouretoute, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 24
NNW. Rouen.
Bourg, or Bourg-sur-Gironde, or Bourg-sur-
Mer, X. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Gironde, with a tide harbour ; 15 N.
Bourdeayx. Lon. 0.28. W. Lat. 45. 4. N. Pop.
2,704. It carries on a considerable trade in
wine. Bourg, X. France, in Ardennes ; 24 S. Me-
zieres. Bourg, (Le,) t. France, in Lower-Loire ; 21
W. Nantes.
Bourg, (Le,) X. France, in Charente, on S.
side of the Charente, opposite Jarnac ; 5 E.
Cognac. Bourg, X. isl. of Cayenne, in S. America.
Bourg, X. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 9 S.
Amber. Bourg Argental, X. France, in Loire ; 12 SE.
St.Etienne. Pop. 1,070.
Bourg d' Arlant, (Le,) t. France, in Puy-de-
Dome ; 35 SE. Clermont.

Bourg-en-Bresse, city, France, and capital of
Ain ; 9 posts N. Lyons, 57} SE. Paris. Lon. 5.
18. E. Lat. 46. 12. N. Pop. 7,417. H. 608. ;It
contains 12 chh., a hospital, and a public libra
ry of 25,000 vols. It is situated on the Res-
souze, in a country a little marshy, but fertile ;
its principal commerce is in corn, horses, cat
tle, and white leather. — Natives, Lalande and
Vaugelas. Bourg des Comles, X. France, in Ille-and-Vi
laine ; 10 S. Rennes.
Bourg Dieu, X. France, in Indre ; 1 N. Cha\-
teauroux. Pop. 1,532.
Bourg Lastie, or Bourg V Arhi, X. France, in
Puy-de-D6me; 24 WSW. Clermont. Pop.
2,135. Bourg de Lestra, t. France, in Ardeche ; 18
NNW. Privas.
Bourg Neuf s-p. France, on the English
Channel, in Lower-Charente ; 6 WNW. Ma-
checoul, 19 SW. Nantes. It is situated at the
mouth of Loire, in a bay to which it gives
name, between the Isle of Noirmoutier and
the continent. The harbour and bay are safe ;
the chief trade of the town is salt, made from
salt marshes near the place.
Bourg d'Oisans, (Le,) X. France, in Isere,
on the Romanche ; 15 SE. Grenoble. Pop.
2,079. Bourg le Reine, or Bourg l'Egalili,X. France,
principal place of a district, in Seine ; 4 S. Pa
ris. Pop. 750.
Bourg Libre, see Huningen.
Bourg le Roy, t. France, in Sarte ; 6 S. Alen-
con. Bourg le St. Andeol, t. France, in Adreche ;
21 SSE. Privas. Pop. 3,964.
Bourg Theroude, X. France, Eure ; 15 E.
Pont Audemer. Pop. 900.
Bourg de Peage, X. France, in Drdme ; 1 N.
Valence. Pop. 2,345.
Bourg de Visat, X. France, in Lot ; 8 W. Lau-
zerte. Bourg d'Ault, X. France on the sea coast, in
Somme ; 3 N. Eure.
Bourg Dun, (Le,) t. France, in Lower-Seme;
9 SW. Dieppe.
Bourgachard, X. France, in Eure ; 16 E.
Pont Audemer.
Bourganeuf X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Creuse ; 13 S. Gueret, 16 W.
Abusson. Lon. 1. 50. E. Lat. 45. 57. N. Pop.
1,988. Bourges, (an. Avaricum, and Biturigee,) city,
France, and capital of Cher, at the conflux of
the Auron and Eure ; 8J posts W. Nevers, 31£
S. Paris. Lon. 2. 24. E. Lat. 47. 5. N. Pop.
16,352. H. 3,738. Abp. see. It is ill built and
contains a cathedral, 22 chh., 4 hospitals, and
a public library of 30,000 volumes. It former
ly had a university, but it was dissolved in the
revolution, but since the restoration an acade
my has been established. The cathedral church
is considered as a beautiful piece of Gothic
architecture. The principal manufactures are
cloth, woollen stuffs, and stockings, great quan
tities of which are disposed of at their annual
fairs; besides which the commerce is small.
Ceesar tookit by storm after a vigorous defence,
it being one of the strongest cities in Gaul. — Na
tives, Bourdaloue,' Lubbie, and Orleans.

BOU

230

BOU

Bourget, t. Savoy, at the extremity of a lake
to which it gives name ; 6 N. Chamberry. Pop.
1,169. Bourget, lake, Savoy ; 8 miles long, and 2
to 3 wide ; 6 N. Chamberry.
Bourget, (Le,) X. France, in Seine ; 6 N.
Paris. Bourgneuf X. France, in Saflne-and-Loire ;
8 NW. Chalons, 18 SW. Autun. Pop. 2,033.
Bourgneuf, X. France, in Lower-Loire ; 22
SW. Nantes. Pop. 2,040.
Bourgneuf de la Forest, (Le,) X. France, in
Mayenne ; 9 NW. Laval.
Bourgogne, late pr. France, now forming a
part of C6te-d'Or.
Bourgoin, X. France, in Isere ; 6. W La Tour
du Pin. Pop. 3,595.
Bourgon, X. France, in Mayenne ; 15 NW.
Laval. Bourgone, X. France, in Marne ; 6 N. Reims.
Bourgtheroude, X. France, in Eure ; 15 E.
Pont Audemer. Pop. 743.
Bourgueil, X. France, seat of a tribunal, in
Indre-and-Loire ; 10 W. Longeais, 22 W. Tours.
Lon. 0. 15. W. Lat 47. 16. N. Pop. 2,810.
Bourgueta, or Burgueta, X. Spain, in Navarre,
in the road from Pamplona to France ; 15
NE. Pamplona.
Bouri, X. Bengal, on the Adji ; 50 NW. Bir-
baum. Bourlos, lake, Egypt, between the Damietta
and Rosetta branches of the Nile, separated
from the Mediterranean by a narrow neck of
land ; about 40 miles long, and 12 broad.
Bourlos, X. Egypt, with a fort, at the point
where the lake approaches nearest to the sea ;
30 E. Rozetta.
Bourmont, X. France, principal place of a
district, in Upper Marne, on a steep mountain ;
18 ENE. Chaumont en Bassigny, 24 N. Lan-
gres. Lon. 5. 40. E. Lat. 48. 13. N. Pop. 1,071.
Bournabat, v. Natolia, 4 or 5 NE. Smyrna.
H. about 1,000, about J Greek, and £ Turkish.
It is pleasantly situated on the rivulet Melas, at
the foot of a mountain.
Bowman, (Le Grand,) X. Savoy ; 12 E. An
necy, 27 N. Chambery.
Bournabaski, v. A. Turkey, in Natolia, near
the site of ancient Troy.
Bournasal, X. France, in Aveiron ; 13 NW.
Rhodez. Bourne, r. Eng., which rises in Wiltshire, at
little to the NW. of Ludgershall, and runs into
the Avon at Salisbury.
Bourne, X. Eng., in Lincoln, with a market
on Saturday ; 36 S. Lincoln, 97 N. London.
Lon. 1. 18. W. Lat. 52. 46. N. Pop. 1,591.
Here was anciently a castle and priory of Au
gustine canons ; near it is Grimtliorpe, a seat
of the Duke of Ancaster.
Bourneville, X. France, in Eure ; 6 NW. Pont
Audemer. H. 170.
Boumczau, X. France, in Vendee ; 15 NW.
Pontenay-le Compte. H. 260.
Bourniquet,X. France, in Lot, on the Avei
ron ; 13 ENE. Moutauban, 25 SSE. Cahors.
Bournou, see Bornou.
Bouro, small isl. N. of Sumatra ; 15 NE.
Acheen. Bouro, one of the Molucca islands, the larg

est next to Ceram, and the most westerly ; 5§
W. Amboyna. Lon. 127. E. Lat. 3. 30. S. It
is 75 miles long, and 38 broad ; exceedingly
fertile, producing rice, sago, oranges, lemons,
pepper, fine timber, Sic. The cayuputi tree,
or maleluca catigolia, is so plentiful that the na
tives obtain much cayuputi oil by distilling the
leaves. Here are numerous wild boars, goats,
deer, enormous snakes, Sic
On NE. coast is a spacious bay with a good
harbour, called Cayeli road, much frequented
by English whalers. The Dutch have a fort
here and a small garrison.
The inhabitants consist of two races besides
the Dutch settlers, the Aborigines or Aforese, a
savage tribe, and the Moors or Mahometans.
Bouron, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; the see
of a Greek bishop; 15 miles from the coast of
the Archipelago.
Boure, or Burrh, km. Africa, S. of the river
Sierra-Leone,'near the coast.
Bourlang, X. and fortress, Groningen ; 12
SSW. Winschotten. Pop. 224.
Bourth, X. France, in Eure ; 6 NW. Verneuil.
Pop. 1,640.
Bourthes, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 12
SE. Boulogne.
Bousa, X. Africa, in Negroland. Lon. 7. 25.
E. Lat. 14. 55. N.
Boush, X. Egypt, on the Nile, at the mouth of
the canal of Fayoum, supposed to have been
anciently called Ptolemais ; 12 N. Benisuef. It
has a market for cattle.
Bousha, (an. Turza,) X. Tunis ; 18 SW. Tunis.
Here are some Roman inscriptions.
Bouslagar, X. Hind., in Goondwanah ; 95 S.
Ruttunpour. Boussa, X. Africa, on N. bank of the Niger ;
90 E. Tombuctoo.
Boussac, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Creuse; 15 NW. Evaux, 10 NE. Gue-
ret. Lon. 2. 17. E. Lat. 46. 21. N. Pop
586. Boussanges, t. France, in Herault ; 18 N.
Beziers. Boussay sur Sevre, X. France, in Lower-
Loire ; 15 SE. Nantes.
Boussile, X. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on
the Loire ; 25 W. Angers. H. 240.
Boussole, (Channel de la,) passage from the
sea of Jesso to the great Pacific ocean, be
tween the Company's island, and the island of
Marikan. Boula, X. Prussia ; 20 S. Dantzic.
Boutan, high round island, lying off NE. coast
of the peninsula of Malacca. Lon. 99. 10. E.
Lat. 6. 32. N.
Boutan, see Bootan.
Boutkouja, X. Persia, in Ghilan ; 120 NNW.
Reshd. Bouteillerie, (La,) t. Canada, on the right
bank of the St. Lawrence. Lon. 69. 50. W.
Lat. 47. 22. N.
Bouton, or Bulon, isl. near SE. coast of Cel
ebes, separated from the island of Pangesana
by a narrow strait. It is 85 miles Jong, and
from 20 to 30 broad ; partly mountainous, high,
and woody ; fertile, producing abundance of
fruits and vegetables ; abounding in buffaloes,
deer, and wild boars. The inhabitants on the

BOW

231

BOX

coast speak the Malay language, and are Ma
hometans. Bouton, the capital of the above island, situ
ated on W. coast, is the residence of the sultan,
surrounded with walls, the streets strait and
narrow, and the houses of bamboo. Lon. 122.
30. E. Lat. 5. 28. S.
Bouionne, r. France, which runs into the
Charente, 6 E. Rochefort It passes by St. Jean
d'Angely, and is navigable to that town.
Boulra, or Boutrou, t. Africa, on the Gold
Coast, where the Dutch have a fort; 45 WSW.
Cape-Coast-Castle. Bouleville, X. France, in Loiret ; 14 S. Mon-
targis, 45 E. Orleans.' H. 400.
Bouveret, X. Switz., in the Valais ; 12 NW. St.
Maurice. Bouvignes, X. Neth., in Namur, on the Meuse ;
12 S. Namur. Near it are the remains of a city,
called Chivremont, once a strong place. Pop.
654. Bouvillers, X. France, in Meurte ; 3 N. Lune
ville. Bouvines, or Point-a-Bouvines, v. France, in
North ; 9 SE. Lille.
Bouxieres-aux-Dames, X. France, in Meurte ;
3 N. Nancy.
Bouxwiller, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 12
W. Haguenau, 18 NW. Strasburg. Pop. 2,520.
Bouzadgeh, X. Natolia ; 38 NE. Ismid.
Bouzanne, r. France, which runs into the
Creuse, about 3 miles NW. Argenton, in Indre.
Boujdaghi, (an. Tmolus,) mt. Natolia ; 30 E.
Smyrna. Bouzdogen, X. Natolia ; 24 NW. Mogla.
Bouze, t. France, C6te-d'Or ; 3 NW. Beaune.
Bouzek, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 32 ENE.
Kir-shehr. BouzilU, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 3
SE. Ancenis.
Bouzils, X. France, Vendee ; 5 S. Montaigu.
Bouzkir, X. Natolia ; 30 SEE. Beishehri.
Bouzok, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 20 SW.
Tschurum. Bouzos, t.F'rance, in Upper-Loire ; 3 S. Puy-
en-Velay. Bouzonville, X. France, and seat of a tribunal,
in Moselle, on the Nied; 7 WSW. Sar Libre,
15 E. Thionville. Lon. 6. 37. E. Lat. 49. 18. N.
Pop. 1,389.
Bow, X. Rockingham co. N. H.; on W. side
the Merrimack ; 5 S. Concord. Pop. 935.
Bow, or Stratford-le-Bow, v. and parish, Mid
dlesex, on the Lea ; 3 E. London. Pop. 2,259.
Bow, isl. Ireland, in Lough Erne, in Fer
managh ; 15 WNW. Enniskillen.
Bow Island, isl. in the S.Pacific Ocean, about
30 miles in circumference. It is a low island,
and shaped exactly like a boW. Lon. 141. 12. W.
Lat. 18. 23. S.
Bow-bell, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near
the Miisquito shore. Lon. 82. 5. W. Lat. 14.
52. N.
Bowah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 40 NNE. Goorac-
poor. Bowal, v. Bengal ; 18 N. by E. Dacca.
Bowampow, X. Bengal, in Bettoriah; 25 ENE.
Nattore. Bowang, or Bewan, or Sooloo, X. Sooloo, capital
of the island, and the residence' of the sultan.
Lat. 5. 58. N. Pop. 6,000.

Bowanigunge, t. Hind., in Bengal ; 13 NW.
Nattore. Bowany, X. Bengal, in Burdwan ; 36 S. Burd
wan. Lon. 88. 6. E. Lat. 22. 40. N.
Bowanygunge, X. Bootan ; .14 N. Beyhar.
Bowanypour, X. Hind., in Bengal; 20 SW.
Purneah. Lon. 87. 18. E. Lat; 25. 37. N.
Bowara, fort, Hind., in Bahar; 13 NE, Dur-
bungah. Lon. 86. 15. E. Lat. 26. 18. N.
Bowback, mt. in Stratford, N. H.
Bowchagong, X. Pegu, on a branch of the Ava ;
60 SSW. Lundsey.
Bowlee, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 45 ENE. Ga-
zypour. Bowat, or Vintane, X. Ceylon ; 16 N. Candy.
Lon. 80. 47. E. Lat. 7. 56. N.
Bowdoin, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 20 WNW.
Wiscasset, 148 NE. Boston, W. 617. Pop. in
1810, 1,649; in 1820, 1,777.
Bowdoinham, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the
Kennebeck ; 15 WNW. Wiscasset, 148 NE.
Boston, W. 590. Pop. in 1810, 1,412; in 1820,
2,259. Bowe, or Nymet, X. Eng., in Devon, with a
weekly market on Thursday; 7 W. Crediton,
188 W. London. Pop. 727.
Bower, X. Hind., in Oude ; 30 S. Nidjibabad.
Bower, X. Scot., in Caithness ; 7 NW. Wick.
Bowes, (an. Lavntrce,) t. Eng., in that part of
the county of York, called Richmondshire, with
a weekly market on Friday ; 13 NW.Richmond,
245 N. London. Pop. 773.
Bowler's, p-v. Essex co. Va. ; W. 129.
Bowling, X. Eng., in W. Riding of Yorkshire,
near Bradford. Pop. 2,055.
Bowling Green, p-t. Caroline co. Va. ; 46 NE.
Richmond, W. 80. Lon. 77. 24. W. Lat. 38. 1.
N. It is the seat of justice for the county.
Bowling Green, p-t. Warren co. Ken., about
30 E. Russellville, W. 702. Pop. in 1810, 155.
It is the seat of justice for the county, and
contains a bank.
Bowling Green, X. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 479.
Bowly, X. Hind., in Berar ; 25 W. Chanda.
Bowmore, X. Hind., Malwa ; 7 NW. Runnode.
Bownes, X. Eng., in Westmoreland, on E. side
of Winander-Mere ; 8 W. Kendal.
Bowness, or Bullness, v.- Eng., in Northumber
land ; 16 W. Carlisle. Lon. 3. 23. W. Lat. 54.
59. N. Pop. 500. It is situated on a rock, near
the Solway Firth, supposed by some to have
been a Roman station, called Tunnocelum, by
others Ballum Bulgium.
Bowness, see Borrowstownness.
Bowr, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 14 NW. Durbunga.
Lon. 80. 20. E. Lat. 26. 14. N.
Bowrassia, X. Hind. Malwa ; 21 E. Seronge.
Bowri, X. Bengal, in Birboom; 50 WNW. Na-
gore. Bowry, X. Hind., in Bahar; 50 S. Bahar.
Bowrya, X. Bengal, Hindooa ; 4 NE. Noony.
Bowsar, X. Bengal ; 28 S. Curruckpour. '
Bowyer's Sulphur Springs, p-v. Green Brier
co. Va. ; W. 261.
Bowyersville, p-v. Southampton co. Va. ; W
224. Box, v. Eng., in Wiltshire ; 6 E. Bath. Pop.
1,165. Near it is a medicinal spring.
Boxah, X. Hind., in Rohilcund; 18 miles from
Budayoon.

BRA

232

BRA

Boxberg, X. Baden, capital of a district, in the
circle of the Maine and Tauber ; 34 E. Heidel
berg. Pop. 971.
Boxborough,X. Middlesex co. Mass ; 30 WNW.
Boston. Pop. 424.
Boxford, p-t. Essex co. Mass. ; 15 NW. Salem,
24 N. Boston, W. 467. Pop. 906.
Boxford, X. England, in Suffolk ; 5 Sudbury.
Pop. 702.
Boxhooren, or Box Omen, small isl. in the
Chinese sea, near the coast of Cochin-china.
Lon. 108. 51. E. Lat. 14. 10. N.
Boxmeer, X. Neth., in N. Brabant, on W. side
of the Meuse ; 12 SSW. Cleves, 24 E. Bois-le-
Duc Pop. 1,300.
Boxtehude, see Buxtehude.
Boxtel, X. Neth., in N. Brabant, on the Dom
mel, and furnished with sluices ; 5 S. Bois-le-
Duc. Pop. 2,635.
Boyd's Creek, p-v. Sevier co. Ten. ; W. 581.
Boyd's Creek, r. Louisiana, which runs into
the Mississippi, Lon. 91. 25. W. Lat 31. 50. N.
Boydton, p-t. Mecklenburg co. Va. ; 100 SSW.
Richmond, W. 197. It contains a court-house
and jail.
Boykunpour, t. Bengal ; 50 WNW. Beyhar.
Boyle, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y., on the Genesee;
20 NW. Canandaigua, W. 396. Pop. 2,860.
Boyle, t. Ireland, in Roscommon, near Lough
Key ; 18 S. Sligo, 23 NNW. Longford. The
linen manufacture flourishes in the neighbour
hood. Boylston, X. Worcester co. Mass.; 7 NNE.
Worcester, 42 W. Boston, W. 425. Fop. 902.
Boylston, (West,) p-t. Worcester, co. Mass. ;
7 N. Worcester, 44 W. Boston, W. 425. Pop.
886. Here is a cotton manufactory.
Boylston, X. Oswego co. N. Y.
Boyndie-Head, cape, Scot, on the coast of
Bamffshire. Lon. 2. 34. W. Lat. 7. 39. N.
Boyne, i. Ireland, which rises in the N. part
of Kildare, crosses the county of Meath, runs
into the Irish sea, 4 miles below Drogheda.
Boyne, X. France, in Loiret ; 6 SE. Pithivers,
21 NE. Orleans. Pop. 1,847.
Boyne Islands, or Islands of Benodet, cluster
of small islands and rocks near the coast of
Kerguelen'sLand. Lon. 68. 47. E. Lat. 49. 49. S.
Boyra, t. Bengal ; 30 SE. Kishenagur.
Boyrah, X. Bengal ; 33 E. Calcutta.
Boysee, X. Hind., in Berar ; 30 S. Nagpour.
Boysola, see Betygola.
Boytzenburg, see Boitzenburg.
Boza, X. Sardinia, near W. coast; 13 S. Alghi-
eri. Lon. 8. 35. E. Lat. 40. 17. N.
Bozingur, X. Hind., in Baramaul ; 26 N. Da-
rempoury. Bozlingen, X. Switz., in Uri, between Altorf
and Shattorf, near a large and beautiful meadow,
where is held the annual meeting of the diet.
Bozouls, X. France, Aveiron ; 10 NE Rhodez.
Fop. 2,310.
Bozowka, X. Rus. Podolia ; 42 ENE. Braclaw.
Bozrah, X. New London co. Ct ; 5 W. Nor
wich, 14 N. by W. New London. Pop. 1,083.
Bozrah, see Basra.
Bozzolo, X. Aust. Italy, in Mantua, fortified in
1734 ; 15 W, Mantua, 20 E. Cremona. Lon.
10. 30. E. Lat. 45. 6. N. Pop. 4,500.
Bra, X. Piedmont, jn Alba; 2 NW. Cherasco,

10 SE. Carmagnola. Lon. 7. 53. E. Lat. 44. 43.
N. Pop. 10,327. It contains 3 churches, a hos
pital, a gymnasium, and a college.
Braan, r. Scotland, which runs into the Tay,
near Dunkeld, in Perth.
Brabangon, X. Hainaut ; 12 E. Maubeuge.
Brabant, (Duchy of) countiy, Netherlands,
bounded N. by Holland and Guelderland, E.
by Guelderland and Liege, S. by Namur and
Hainaut, and W. by Flanders and Zealand. It
is about 140 miles in circumference, and con
tains 26 walled towns, besides others of less
consequence. The northern part is covered
with moss, heath, and wood, but it is on the
whole productive in corn, especially wheat,
also in flax and hops ; even in ordinary years
it produces one-half more grain than the popu
lation can consume. In the southern part called
Walloon Brabant, a species of corrupted French
is spoken ; in the northern part the common
people speak Flemish ; the higher classes
throughout pure French.— Brabant was formerly
divided into Austrian or Spanish and Dutch
Brabant; now into the three following prov
inces :

Provinces. Pop. Sq. m.
North Brabant...294,lll....l,744  Bois le Due.
South Brabant...441,422....1,404  Brussels.
Antwerp  249,376.... 1,091  Antwerp.
Total  984,909 4,239
Braborg, X. Sweden, in East-Gothland ; 24E.
Nordkioping. Bracadale. X. Skye, in a bav called Loch Bra-
cadale, on W. coast Lon. 6'. 23. W. Lat. 57.
22. N.
Bracara Augusla, now Braga.
Bracberg, X. Bavaria ; 3 WNW. Heilsbron.
Bracamoras, see Jaen.
Bracciano, X. Popedom, Viterbo, capital of a
duchy ; 6 miles from the Mediterranean, 15
NW. Rome. Lon. 12. 15. E. Lat. 42. S.N.Pop.
3,500. It gives name to a lake, and near it are
some medicinal baths. Printing paper manu
factured here, is in great repute.
Braccigliano, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ;
7 NNW. Salerno.
Braceville, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on W. side
of Warren ; W. 317. Pop. 380.
Bracieux, X. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 9 NE.
Blois. Bracht, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Cleves ;
6 W. Cologne. Pop. 185.
Bracke, X. Ger., in Oldenburg, on the Weser,
4 miles below Elsfleth ; 20 NNE. Oldenburg.
It is an anchoring place for large vessels.
Bracke, or Brake, X. Ger., in Lippe Detmold;
1 SE. Lemgow. Pop. 830.
Bracket, see Brakel.
Bracken, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio.
Pop. in 1810, 3,706; slaves 358. Pop. in 1820,
5,280. Chief town, Augusta.
Bracken Creek, r. Ken., which runs into the
Ohio, Lon. 84. 8. W. Lat. 38. 36. N.
B-akenlieim, X. Wurtqmberg ; 5 SE. Heilbron,
18 N. Stuttgart. Pop. 1,469.
Brackenwitz, X. Pru., in Brandenburg ; 3 S.
Treunbrietzen.

BRA

233

BRA

Bruckley, t. Eng., in Northampton, on the
borders of Buckinghamshire, near the source of
the Ouse, with a market on Wednesday ; 13
SSW. Northampton, 67 NNW. London. Lon.
1. 10. W. Lat. 52. 3. N. Pop. 1,580.
Brackmeer, lake, Eng., in Cumberland ; 4 S.
Keswick. Brackslar, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 2. E. Lat. 61. 38. N.
Brackwede, X. Pru., in Minden ; 4 SE. Biel-
feld. Pop. 1,094.
Braclaw, t. Russia, in Podolia, capital of a
circle, formerly capital of a palatinate of the
same name, situated on the Bog ; 100 E. Ka-
miniec, 112 NW. Bender. Lon. 28. 55. E. Lat.
48. 50. N. Pop. 318.
Bradano, (an. Bradanus,) r. Naples, which
runs into the gulf of Tarento.
Braddock's Field, place, in Pa., on Turtle
creek; 6 ESE. Pittsburg. Here Gen. Braddock
fell into an ambuscade of Indians, was defeated
and mortally wounded.
Braddock's Bay, bay, on S. side . of lake Onta
rio ; 5 W. of the mouth of the Genesee, in Gates.
Bradfield; X. Eng., in Essex, market on Thurs
day ; 12 E. Colchester, 63 E. London. Pop. 613.
Bradfield, X. Eng., in the West Riding of
Yorkshire ; 4 W. Sheffield. Pop. 4,354.
Bradfield Canal, inlet on W. coast of N. A.
branching to NE. Prince Ernest's sound.
Bradford, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on the Con
necticut; 7 S. by W. Newbury, -20 E. Chelsea,
22 N. Hanover, 35 SE. Montpelier, W. 505.
Pop. 1,411. It contains a cotton manufactory,
a paper-mill, and an academy!
Bradford, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 20
WNW. Concord, W. 514. Pop. 1,318.
Bradford, p-t. Essex co. Mass., on S. side of
theMerrimack,opposite toHaverhill; 28N. Bos
ton, 18 NNW. Salem, W. 472. Lon. 71. 1. W.
Lat. 42. 46. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,369; in 1820,
1,600. It is a pleasant town, and has 2 parishes.
In the west parish there is a respectable acade
my, which has a preceptor and 2 preceptresses,
and had, in 1821, about 120 scholars.
Bradford, co. Pa., formerly Ontario, bounded
N. by N. Y., E; by Susquehanna and Luzerne
cos., S. by Lycoming co., and W. by Tioga co.
Pop. 11,554.
Bradford, (East,) X. Chester co. Pa., watered
by the Brandywine. Pop. 1,217.
Bradford, (West,) X. Chester co. Pa. Pop.
1,739. Bradford, X. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 572.
Bradford, X. Eng., in Wilts, on the river Avon ;
7 SE. Bath, 100 W. London. Lon 2. 17. W.
Lat 51. 20. N. Pop. 9,435. It is celebrated for
the manufacture of superfine broad cloth, which
is carried on here more extensively than in any
place in -England. It has markets on Monday
and Saturday, and two yearly fairs.
Bradford, or Bradforth, X. Eng., in the West
Riding of Yorkshire ; 10 W. Leeds, 201 NNW.
London. Pop. 7,767. It is situated on a rising
ground, in which good stone for building is
dug. Here are manufactures of worsted stuffs,
shalloons, calimancoes, Sic, and some iron
founderies. Coals and iron ore are found near
the town, and a canal is made to join the grand
one from Leeds to Liverpool.
Vol. I. 30

Brading, X. on E. coast of the Isle of Wight,
with a haven, which at high tides is capable of
receiving vessels of 400 tons, but at low water
is dry. It has a market on Monday ; 8 New
port Pop. 1,215.
Bradley, (North,) X. Eng., in Wiltshire ; 3 S.
Trowbridge. Pop. 922.
Bradley Hall, p-v. Prince William co. Va.;
W. 33.
Bradley's Shoals, sandy shoals in the Facifio
ocean. Lon. 161. 6. E. Lat. 6. 52. S.
Bradleyvale, X. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 38 N. New
bury. Bradleysville, p-v. Litchfield county, Ct. ; W.
329. Bradninch, X. Eng., in Devon, with a weekly
market on Thursday ; 8 NE. Exeter, 170 W.
London. Pop. 1,321.
Bradore, harbour, on S. coast of Labrador.,
Lon. 57. 15. W. Lat. 51. 30. N.
Braemar, mountainous district, Scot., in SW.
part of Aberdeenshire.
Braetz, X. Pru. Posen, in Meseritz. Pop. 1,140.
Braga, (ah, Bracara-Augusta,) city, Portugal,
and capital of Entre-Duero-e-Minho, on the
river Cavedo ; .27 NNE. Oporto,, 80 N. Coim-
bra. Lon. 8. 5. W. Lat. 41.33. N. Pop. 18,048.
H. 4,512. It is the sea of an -archbishop, pri
mate of Portugal. The archbishop is lord of Bra
ga, and judge both of civil and criminal mat
ters ; only for the latter an appeal may carried
to Lisbon, It contains 5 churches besides the
cathedral, 8 convents, and a theological semi
nary, and; has an extensive manufacture of hats.
It was one of the principal cities in Spain,
and the' capital of a government. When the
Suevi invaded Galicia and Portugal, Braga be- '
came the capital of their kingdom, and so con
tinued for 170 years, when it was taken by the
Goths, and preserved the same dignity under
them about as long, There are some ruins of
an amphitheatre, and an acqueduct — The dio
cess contained, in 1810, 1,292 parishes, 162,960
houses, and 638,102 inhabitants.
Braganga, (an. Bragantvum,) city, Portugal,
in Tra-los:Montes, on the river Fervanca ; 30
NW. Mirande de Duero, 60 NE. Lamego. Lon.
6. 25. W. Lat. 41. 44. N. Pop. 3,758.
Braganga Nova, see Aveiro.
Bragnas, or Bragernaes, s-p. Norway, on the
left bank of the Drammen, with a considerable
trade in planks, beams, and iron ; 20 SW.
Christiania. Lon. 10. 17. E. Lat. 59, 45. N.
Pop. 2,859. See Drammen.
Bragos, r. Spain, in Catalonia, which runs
into the Segra, 18 NE. Balaguer.
Braguz, X. Tyrol ; 27 W. Trent.
Brahampootra, see Burrampooter.
Brahestad, s-p. Finland, in East Bothnia, with
a convenient harbour, on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia ; 33 SSW. Ulea. Lon. 24. 25. E. Lat
64. 41. N. Pop. 1,169.
Brahilow, or Brailu, or Ibraili, X. Walachia,
on the Danube, on the confines of Moldavia ;
130 SSW. Bender. Lon. 28. 16. E. Lat. 45. 16
N. Pop. 30,000. It is the capital of a district of
the same name, and has considerable trade with
Constantinople in corn; as well as the sturgeon
fishery. It has a citadel, with a garrison.
Brahin, X, Russ. Minsk; 48 E. Mozyr.

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Brahm, r. Holstein, which runs into the
Stoer, 7 N. Bramstede.
Brahmapootra, see Burrampooter.
Brahooio Mountains, a great chain of moun
tains on the eastern borders of Persia; 280
long, and 200, where widest, broad. The ele
vation is compared to that of the highest ranges
in Europe.
Braid, r. Ireland, which runs into the Maine,
1 WSW. Ballymenagh, in Antrim.
Braidalbane, see Breadalbane.
Brainard's Bridge, p-v. Nassau, N. Y. ; W.409.
Brainerd, in a district of country formerly
called Chickamaugah, a missionary station
among the Cherokees, on Chickamaugah creek;
7 E. Lookout mountain, about 50 SSW. Wash
ington, Ten., 100 E. by N. Huntsville, 140
WSW. Knoxville, 155 NW. Athens. It is 15
miles by the course of the creek above its en
trance into the Tennessee, and only 6 from the
river at the nearest point ; and is near the
chartered limits of Tennessee and Georgia.
The Chickamaugah is navigable for boats to
Brainerd. The missionary establishment was
commenced here early in 1817. The labours
of the missionaries have been attended with
encouraging success. They have here 2 shcools,
which contained, in 1821, 96 Cherokee children,
about § males. The children receive instruc
tion not only in the branches of common educa
tion and the principles of religion, but also in
the most useful arts of civilized life. The gen
eral aspect of the country around is pleasant.
Braine sur Allonne, t. France, in Mayne-and-
Loire ; 6 NE. Saumur.
Braine; X. France, in Aisne, on a beautiful
plain, on the Vesle ; 9 E. Soissons. Pop. 1,291.
Braine, or Brenne, X. France, in Aisne ; 10 E.
Soissons. Pop. 1,300.
Braine Alleu, or Branieil Allieu, X. Neth., in
S. Brabant ; 10 ENE. Braine le Comte. Pop.
2,519. Braine le Compte, X. Neth., in Hainaut; 15
NNE. Mons, 16 SSW. Brussels. Lon. 4. 13. E.
Lat. 50. 25. N. Pop. 3,060. It had formerly a
fortress. Braintree, X. Orange co. Vt. ; 6 WNW. Ran
dolph, 23 SSW. Montpelier. Pop. 1,033.
Braintree, X. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 12 SSE. Bos
ton. Pop. 1,466. — This town is famous for being
the birth-place of the Hon. John Adams, the
second president of the United States.
Braintree, (New,) X. Worcester co. Mass. ; 18
W. Worcester, 58 WSW. Boston. Pop. 888.
This is a valuable township, and produces
large quantities of beef, butter, and cheese.
Braintree, t. Eng., in Essex, noted for the
manufacture of baize ; market on Wednesday ;
12 NE. Chelmsford, 40 NE. London. Pop.
2,293. Braintrem, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa., on the Sus
quehanna ; W. 265. Pop. 904.
Brail, Mark Brait, or Unter Brait, t. Bav., in
Lower Maine, on the Maine ; 12 SSW. Wurz
burg, 36 SW. Bamberg. Lon. 10. 12. E. Lat.
49. 43. N. Pop. 1,600.
Braiinburg, X. Austria ; 3 N. Steyregg.
Brajio, t. Switz. ; 13 NNE. Bellinzona.
Brakel, t. Pru., in Minden, formerly imperial ;
3 E. Paberbom. Lon. 9. 20. E. Lat. 51. 42. N.
Fop. 2,301.

Brakeness, cape on W. coast of Pomona, the
chief of the Orkneys. Lon. 3. 10. W. Lat. 58.
49. N.
Brakyla, t. Finland ; 65 SE. Kuopio.
Brala, small island, lying off the eastern
coast of Malacca. Lon. 103. 40. E. Lat. 4.
55. N.
Bralia, t. on S. coast of Curzola. Lat. 43.
21. N.
Bralin, X. Pru. Silesia, in Breslau ; 8 E. War-
tenberg, 32 NNE. Brieg. Lon. 17. 55. E. Lat.
51. 18. N. Pop. 801.
Bralio, see Braulio.
Bram, r. Holstein, which runs into the Stoer,
10 miles above Itzehoa.
Bramabad, X. Hind., in Oude ; 7 W. Canouge.
Bramant, X. Savoy ; 21 S. St. Jean de Mau-
rienne. Brama, see Birmah.
Bramas, countiy, Africa, N. of Loango, and
100 miles from Xhe Atlantic.
Brambach, X. Sax. Vogtland ; 13 SSE. Oelnitz.
Brambanan, v. Java, nearly in the centre of
the island, and the district of Mataram. Here
are many extraordinary remains of Hindoo im
ages, temples, and inscriptions. The area oc
cupied by ruins of all descriptions, is equal to
10 miles. The most remarkable ruins are known
to the natives by the name of the thousand
temples. Bramber, small bor. Eng., in Susse.x, on the
Adur; it returns 2 members to parliament; 1
SE. Steyning, 51 S. London. Pop. 95.
Bramble, rock and shoal near the coast of
Hampshire, a little below Southampton water.
Lon. 19. W. Lat. 50. 47. N.
Bramhom, v. Eng., in York ; 4 S. Wetherby.
Braminabad, or Bamborah, X. Hind., and once
the capital of the province of Tatta; 3 SW.
Tatta. It is said to have been once defended
by 1,400 bastions; but is now a heap of ruins.
This is supposed to be the ancient city Manha-
war, or Mahaura, mentioned by Persian au
thors. Bromley, X. Eng., in West Riding of York ; 4
miles from Leeds. Pop. 2,562. It is noted for
its excellent slate pits.
Bramnee, or Bonnee, r. Hind., which runs
into the bay of Bengal, 40 S. Balasore.
Bramon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 28. E. Lat. 62. 12. N.
Brampour, see Burhampour.
Brampton, (an. Bremeturacum,) t. Eng., in
Cumberland, on the Irting, with a weekly mar
ket on Tuesday; 5 N. Carlisle. Pop. 2,043.
Near the town is a fortification, on a full, with
a ditch and moat.
Brampton, X. England, in Derbyshire ; 4 NW.
Chesterfield. Pop. 2,260.
Bramsche, t. Hanover, in Osnabruck, , on the
Hase; 5 SW. Vorden. Pop. 1,200.
Bramsche, t. Han., Lingen ; 5 SSE. Lingen.
Bramstede, or Brahmstedt, X. Holstein, on the
Bram ; 21 N. Hamburg, 38 W. Lubeck. Near
it is a medicinal spring. Pop. 800.
Bramsledt, t. Hanover; 17 N. Bremen.
Bran, l. Scot., which runs into the Tay,near
Dunkeld. Branau, see Braunau.
Branca, one of the small Cape de Verd isl*

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235

BRA

ands ; 3 S. St. Lucia. It is a huge steep rock,
about 2 or 3 miles long; on S. side is a place
where fishing-boats may ride, but not very
safely, in gusts of wind. Between this island
and St. Lucia are some rocks above and below
water, very dangerous to those who are not
acquainted with the navigation.
Brancaleone, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 9
SE. Bova.
Brancaster, or Brancester, (an. Branuodunum,)
t. Eng., in Norfolk ; 4 W. Burnham Market.
Pop. 617. Here is "a rampart inclosing a square
of 8 acres, called the Castle, where Roman
coins are often found.
Brandon, X. France, in SaOne-and-Loire ; 4
W. Tournus.
Bronco de Malambo, s-p. S. A. in St. Martha,
on the Magdalena. Bp. see. 78 N. Carthagena.
Lon. 75. 30. W. Lat. 11.40. N.
Brancovani, X. Walachia ; 28 N. Nicopoli, 80
W. Bucharest. Lon. 24. E. Lat. 44. 25. N.
Branca, see Parima.
Brancourt, t. France, Aisne ; 10 W. Laon.
Branczyce, X. Rus. Minsk ; 10 N. Sluck.
Brand, X. Sax., in Erzgebirg, chiefly inhabit
ed by miners ; 2 S. Freyberg. Pop. 1,450.
Brandaon, X. in the island in Java.
Brondano, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, 10 S. Castellanetta.
Brandaris, or Branderis, X. Neth., in Friesland,
in the island of Schelling. In 1666, this place,
rich and flourishing, with a population of 1,000
families, was pillaged and burnt by the English,
under Sir Robert Holmes.
Brandau, X. Prussia ; 6 ESE. Marienwerder.
Brandeis, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim, on the
Elbe ; 13 ENE. Prague, 18 NW. Kaurzim.
H. 191.
Brandenburg, s-p. Prussia, in Konigsberg, near
the Frische-Haff, inhabited by fishermen ; 12
SW. Konigsberg. Lon. 20. 16. E. Lat. 54. 38.
N. Pop. 964.
Brandenburg, pr. Prussia, bounded N. by
Mecklenburg and Pomerania, E. by Posen, S.
by the km. of Saxony, SW. and W. by the
Prussian province of Saxony. Pop. 1,191,121.
Sq. m. 14,909. H. 169,570. Towns 162. Vil-
leges 3,241. It is divided into three govern
ments, Berlin, Potsdam, and Frankfort. The
inhabitants are chiefly Lutherans ; the remain
der mostly Calvinists.
The country is mostly level, in some parts san
dy, but by good cultivation yields good crops of
wheat, rye,barley,oats, flax, hemp, hops, and to
bacco ; it is likewise rich in wool, wood, and
iron. The woods here are of great value, as they
furnish the inhabitants with fuel both for do
mestic use and for glass and iron works. They
also yield charcoal, tar, and great quantities of
timber for house and ship building ; which is
exported in part to Holland and France. The
breeding of cattle, particularly sheep, is an im
portant branch of employment. Silk is suc
cessfully cultivated. There are considerable
manufactures of woollen and linen stuffs, leath
er, and salt. The inland trade is promoted by
many navigable rivers and canals. The coun
try is traversed by the Elbe and Oder ; also
watered by the Havel, Spree,. Wartha, Ucker,
and Dosse.

Brandenburg, styled the Mark or Marquisate
of Brandenburg, was formerly divided into 5
parts, viz. 1. The Altmark, or Old- Mark, of
which Stendal was the capital ; 2. the Middle
Mark, containing the towns of Berlin, Potsdam,
and Brandenburg ; 3. Ucker Mark, of which
Prenzlo was the capital; 4. New Mark, of
which Custrin was the capital ; and 5. Vor
Mark, or Mark of Pregniiz, of which Perleberg
was the capital. These divisions are now dis
continued. Brandenburg, city, Pru. Brandenburg, in
Potsdam ; 31 W. Berlin. Lon. 12. 53. E. Lat.
52. 27. N. Pop. 10,575. H. 1,320. It is sit
uated on the Havel, which separates the old
town from the new, and the whole from the
castle. The old town contains about 400 hous
es, the new 900 ; there are 6 churches, 7 hos
pitals, and a gymnasium. Manufactures of
linen, fustian, and canvass, have been estab
lished by the French ; and ' the navigation of
the Havel brings a great deal of trade to the ,
town. Brandenburg, (New,) X. Germany, and capi
tal of a district in Mecklenburg-Strelitz ; 48 W.
Stettin, 60 N. Berlin. Lon. 13. 13. E. Lat. 63.
34. N. Pop. 4,700.
Branderim, t. France, in Morbihan ; 3 E.
Hennebon. Brandeti, t. 'Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 21
SE. Konigingratz.
Brandguth, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 NE.
Lauterstein. Brandis; t. Saxony, in Leipsic ; 9 E. Leipsic.
Lon. 12. 35. E. Lat. 51. 48. N. Pop. 800.
Brandis, X. Switz., in Berne ; 11 ENE. Berne.
Brandlecht,X. Hanover, in Bentheim ; 3 SSE.
Northorn. Brando, X. Corsica ; 6 N. Bastia.
Brando, small isl. in N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 12. E. Lat. 65. 43. N.
Brandon, p-t. Rutland co. Vt, on the Otter
Creek; 16 N. Rutland, 16 S. Middlebury, 90
NNE. Troy, 165 NW. Boston, W. 465. Pop. in
1810, 1,375 ; in 1820, 1495. It is a valuable
agricultural township ; in the central part is a
pleasant village, through which runs a mill
stream, and on which are situated various mills
and manufactories. Here is an academy. The
township contains some mineral springs, and a
valuable bed of iron ore, from which bar and
cast iion are manufactured.
Brandon, X. Eng., in Suffolk, on the Lesser
Ouse, which is navigable from Lynn to Thet-
ford ; 35 WSW. Norwich, 78 NNE. London.
Pop. 1,360. It has a weekly market on Thurs
day, and carries on a considerable trade in
corn, malt, timber, iron, bricks, Sic
Brandon Mountains, mountains, Ireland, in
the county of Kerry ; 7 N. Dingle.
Brandon Bay, bay on W. coast of Ireland,
between Tralee bay and Brandon head.
Brandon Head, cape, Ireland, on W. coast of
Kilkenny; 11 N. Dingle. Lon. 10. 1. W. Lat
52. 17. N.
Brandon Hill, mt. Ireland, Kilkenny; 7 E.
Thomastown, Brands Oe, small isl. Denmark, in the Little
Belt. Lon. 9. 44. E. Lat. 55. 22. N.
Brandt, t. Bavaria, 6 ESE, Wunsiedel.

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Brandy Pols, cluster of small islands in the
St. Lawrence. W. the mouth of the Saguenay.
Brandywine, X. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,431.
Brandywine, hundred, in NE. corner of New
castle co. Delaware. Pop. 2,796.
Brandywine, i. which rises in Pa., and pass
ing into Delaware, joins the Christiana a little
below Wilmington. It is 40 miles long, and
through its whole course is a fine stream well
adapted to water works. The descent in 25
miles is 300 feet. For an account of Brandy
wine Mills, see Wilmington.
Brandywine Manor, p-v. Chester co. Pa. ; W.
138. Brandywine Bay, bay on W. coast of an isl
and in the North sea. Lon. 17. 50. E. Lat. 80.
18. N.
Brane, r. S. Wales, which runs into the To-
wy, near Llanmiddovrey, in Carmarthenshire.
Brane, r. S. Wales, which runs into the Usk,
3 W. Brecknock.
Branford, p-t New-Haven co. Ct, on Long
Island sound ; 8 E. New-Haven, W. 311. Lon.
72. 50. W. Lat. 41. 17. N. Pop. 2,230.
Branford, (North,) X. New-Haven co. Ct. ;
5 N. Branford.
Brang, X. Volhynia ; 44 SW. Lucko.
Brangau, X. Prussia, Dantzic ; 15 W. Dantzic.
Branges, X. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ; 2
NW. Louhans.
Brangman's Bluff, cape on the Mosquito
shore. Lon. 83. W. Lat. 14. N.
Branits, X. Aust. Silesia, in Troppau ; 4 SE.
Ja'gerndorf. Fop. 800.
Branksea, or Brownsea Island, isl. in Pool
harbour, about 3 miles in circ. Lon. 1. 57. W.
Lat. 50. 41. N.
Brankyrka, t. Sweden, in Sudermania.
Branna, supposed to be the an. Brauron, v.
Greece, near the plain of Marathon.
Branne, X. France, Gironde ; 6. S. Libourne.
Brannodunum, now Brancasler.
Bransee, small isl. Denmark, in the Little
Belt ; 5 WNW. Assens.
Bransk, X. Russia, in Grodno, district of Bia-
lystok; 16 W. Bielsk. Pop. 1,026.
Brant, r. N. Wales, in the isle of Anglesea,
which runs into the Menai, 3 S. Newburgh.
Brant, t. Austria ; 8 E. ZweX\.
Brant, r. N. C. which runs into the Pamlico
sound, Lon. 76. 50. W. Lat. 35. 8. N.
Branthome, X. France, in Dordogne ; 10 N.
Perigueux. Pop. 2,461.
Branton, X. Eng., in Devonshire ; 4 NW.
Barnstaple. Pop. 1,300.
Brantrim, X. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 525.
Branzol, t. Tyrolese ; 8 S. Bolzano.
Brara, X. Italy, district of Padua, on the
Adige. Pop. 2,000.
Bram, rocky islet, one of the Out Skerries.
Lon. 0.44. W. Lat. 60. 43. N.
Brarup, small isl. Denmark, in the gulf of
Schley; 10 ENE. Sleswick.
Bras, X. France, in Var ; 4 ENE. St. Maximin.
Braschen, t. Pru., in Brandenburg ; 5 SSE.
Crossen. Brachin's Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Salt river, Lon. 85. 36. W. Lat. 37. 50. N.
Braschexskoi, fortress, Siberia, on the Irtish ;
SO E. Semipolatnoi.

Brastaw, or Braglaw, t. Russia, in Wilna, on lli«
side of a lake, which communicates with the
Dwina; 76 NNE. Wilna, 296 NE. Warsaw.
Lon. 25. 50. E. Lat. 55. 31. N.
Braspars, t. France, in Finisterre ; 8 NE.
Chateaulin. Pop. 2,333.
Brassovia, or Brassau, see Cronstadt.
Brassa, see Bressay.
Brassac, X. France, in Puy-de-DOme, on the
Allier; 9 S. Issoire. Pop. 1,538.
Brassac de Belfortes, X. France, in Tarn, and
district of La Caune ; 12 E. Castres.
Brassos, i. Mexico, which runs into the gulf
of Mexico, Lat. 28. 40. N. 750 miles long.
Brassy, t. France, Nyevre ; 10 E. Corbigny.
Bratenlohe, X. Bav. ; 3 SE. Schlusselfeld.
Bratonitz, X. Bohemia; 7 W. Prague.
Bratskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Anga
ra; 140 NE. Niznei Udinsk.
Brattelen, plain, Switz., near Bale, where, in
the year 1444, 1,500 Swiss withstood the
whole army of France, amounting to 30,000
men, till they were all cut to pieces ; only 16
escaped, and 30 only were found alive of those
wounded in the field.
Brattia, now Brazza.
Brattleborough, p-t. Windham co. Vt. ; on
the Connecticut ; 12 SE. Newfane, 20 S. by
W. Walpole, 36 E. Bennington, 41 N. North
ampton, 96 WNW. Boston, 110 S. Montpelier,
W. 427. Lon. 72. 27. W. Lat. 42. 52. N. Pop.
in 1810, 1,891 ; in 1820, 2,017. It is one of
the most considerable and flourishing towns in
Vermont, and contains two parishes, in each of
which there is a handsome village. The village
in the east parish is on the W. bank of the ri
ver, and contains a Congregational meeting
house, a cotton manufactory, a paper mill, and
a large printing establishment, where the quar
to bible is printed. It is a pleasant and flour
ishing village, and has considerable trade.
Here is a bridge across the Connecticut. The
other village is about 2 WNW., and contains a
Congregational meeting house, and a woollen
manufactory. A weekly paper is published in
this town.
Bratlon, X. Eng., Wilts ; 3 ENE. Westbury.
Pop. 641. Here are remains of a fortification.
Bratton's River, r. N. America, which runs
into the Missouri, 2,232 miles from the Mis
sissippi. Bratzlow, see Braclow.
Brava, (an. Essina,) s-p. Africa, on the coast
of Zanguebar. Lon. 44. E. Lat. 1. 10. N. It
is the capital of a republic, founded by seven
brothers, who fled from the tyranny of a king
of Arabia Felix, and carries considerable trade
With Arabia and India. The inhabitants dress
in the Portuguese manner, and consume great
quantities of European commodities.
Brava, or St. John, one of the Cape de Verd
islands; the land is high and mountainous; 12
W. Fuego. Lon. 24. 46. W. Lat. 14. 50. N.
There are scarcely 500 inhabitants ; they culti
vate maize, gourds, water-melons, potatoes, Sic.
Bravas, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 7. 40. N.
Braubach, t. Nassau, on the Rhine, opposite
Rees ; 10 W. Nassau, IS NW. Mentz. Pop. 960.
Braubach, see Brumbach.

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237

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Braughing, v. Eng., in Hertfordshire, for
merly a large town ; 28 N. London.
Bravinium, now Ludlow.
Braulin, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 5 W. Gemona.
Braulio, or Bralio, the highest oftheBAefian
Alps, in the country of the Grisons, and on the
borders of the Tyrol, near the town of Bormio.
Braimait, or Branau, X. Austria, circle of the
Inn, on the Inn ; 60 NE. Munich, 160 W. Vien
na. Lon. 12. 57. E. Lat. 48. 14. N. Pop 1,733.
It is fortified, and well built, and formerly be
longed to Bavaria.
Braunau, t Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 25
E. Konigingratz. Lon. 16. 9. E. Lat. 50. 25. N.
Fop. 2,682. It has gymnasium, a Benedic
tine abbey, and manufactoiy of linen and
woollen. Brauneck, or Btaunegg, X. Tyrol, in Brixen ;
16 NE. Brixen, 38 E. Tyrol. Lon. 12. E. Lat.
46.45. N. Pop. 1,500.
Braunfels, X. Pru. Coblentz, with a castle
fortified in the ancient manner, near the Lahn ;
5 E. Wetzler, 39 NNE. Mentz. Lon. 8. 27. E.
Lat. 50. 30. N. Pop. 1,308.
Braunlage, X. Ger., in Brunswick, circle of
Hasselfeld. Pop. 770.
Braunsbach, or Braunspach, X. Wurtemberg,
qntheKocher, in Jaxt; 6 S. Weickersheim.
Pop. 900.
Braunsberg, s-p. Prussia, in Konigsberg, on
the passage, which soon after discharges itself
into the Frisch-Haff ; 20 NE. Elbing, 36 SW.
Konigsberg. Lon. 19. 48. E. Lat. 54. 20. N;
Pop. 5,798. It is a good trading town, by
means of the river, which is navigable for
small vessels, and has an academy, and a gym
nasium. Braunsberg, X, Pru., Coblentz ; 4 NE. Neu
Wied. Braunsberg, or Brunsperg, X. Moravia; in
Prerau; 25 ENE. Prerau. Pop. 1,689.
Braunsdorf X. Sax., in Erzgebirg ; 11 NE.
Freyberg. Braunsdorf X. Austria ; 6 E. Meissau.
Braunself, or Braunselfaga, or Braunselffen,
t Moravia, in Olmutz ; 16 NNE. Olmutz.
Braunswald, X. Prussia ; 5 N. Allenstein.
Braunsweig, X. Holstein ; 1 N. Kiel.
Bravo, see del Norte.
Braux, X. France, Ardennes ; 5 N. Charle-
ville. Brawalla Heide, plain, Sweden, in Smaland,
where the women in the absence of their hus
bands defeated an army of Danes.
Braweiler, X. Pru. Cologne ; 7 WNW. Co
logne. Bray sur Seine, X. France, in Seine-and-
Marne, on the Seine; 9S. Provins, 24E.Me-
lum. Pop. 2,030.
Bray sur Somme, X. France, in Somme, on
the Somme ; 9 W. Peronne, 16 ENE. Amiens.
Bray, small s-p. Ireland, on E. coast, in St.
George's channel, with a harbour for small
vessels, much resorted to for sea-bathing ;
13 N. Wicklow. Lon. 6. 6. W. Lat. 53. 12. N.
. Bray Bank, a sand bank in St. George's
channel, near E. coast of Ireland ; 6 E. Bray
head. Bray Head, cape on E. coast of Ireland, in
the county of Wicklow. Lon. 6. 5. W. Lat. I
53. 12. N.

Bray, r. Westphalia, which runs into the
Roer, soon after its rise.
Bray, v. and parish, Eng., in Berkshire ; 1 m.
from Maidenhead, 25 W. London. Pop. 2,604. It
isremarkable for a song of itsfamous complying
vicar, Simon Symonds ; who, it is said, was
twice a papist, and twice a protestant ; adher
ing to one principle, that of living and dying
vicar of Bray.
Braze, t. France, in C6te d'Or ; 6 Dijon.
BRAZIL, country, comprehending the whole
Portuguese territories in S. America, extending
from the mouth of the Amazon to Lat 33. S. ;
bounded N. by the Amazon, NE., E., and SE.
by the Atlantic, and W. by Buenos Ayres and
Peru. About 2,000 long, and nearly the same
in its greatest breadth from E. to W.
The following table exhibits the population
of the several captanias, or provinces, accord
ing to Mr. Brackenridge.
Provinces. Pop. Chief Towns.
Pernambuco  550,000  Pernambuco.
Bahia  500,000  St. Salvador.
Minas Geraes  380,000  Villa Rica.
Rio Janeiro  .400,000  Rio Janeiro.
St. Paul  300,000  St. Paul.
Rio Grande  250,000  Portalagre.
Maranham  200,000  St. Luis.
Para  150,000  Para.
Matto Grosso  100,000  Cuyaba.
Goyas..  170,000  Villa Boa.
3,000,000
Population, stated in 1792, at 2,184,27a; J
of Portuguese descent ; J negroes ; according
to Hassel and Malte-Brunn, 2,100,000; accord
ing to Brackenridge, exclusive of uncivilized
Indians, 3,000,000, of whom 1,000,009 are Eu-'
ropeans, and their descendents, 1,200,000 Ne
groes, and 800,000 subdued Indians. Sq. m.
2,000,000. Government. Brazil was a colony belonging
to Portugal, till 1807, when the royal family of
Portugal removed to Rio Janeiro, the capital,
and Brazil became and independent kingdom,
and so continued till 1821, when the royal fam
ily returned to Lisbon. It has since been in a
revolutionary state.
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Ama
zon, Madeira, Topayas, Xingu, Tocantins, St.
Francisco, Paraguay, Parana, and Uraguay.
Description. There is scarcely to be found
on the globe a finer country than Brazil ; one
blessed with a more genial climate, or a more
fertile soil; more happily diversified with wood
and water, or with abundance of navigable ri
vers ; or more famed for its precious produce
of gold and diamonds. It comprises within its
limits almost all the most valued productions of
the earth. Viewed from the sea the countiy
appears rugged and mountainous ; but on a
nearer approach its appearance is highly ro
mantic and picturesque,.clothed, as it is, with
the most luxuriant vegetation, its hills covered
with thick woods, and its valleys with a ver
dure which never fades. Towards the interior
the land rises by gentle gradations to the height
of from 3, to 6,000 feet above the level of the
sea ; and in these temperate regions European
fruits and grain are raised jn abundance, while

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•the intermediate valleys are extremely favoura
ble to the production of sugar, coffee, and all
kinds of tropical produce. A large part of the
interior is overspread with an impenetrable
forest ; the trees closely interwoven with
brushwood and shrubs, and covered with
creeping plants, adorned with beautiful flowers ;
thus giving a peculiar and rich appearance to
the scenery. The forests abound in a great
variety of useful and beautiful wood, adapted
for dyeing, cabinet work, and ship building.
They contain numerous wild animals.
The climate in the neighbourhood of the
Amazon and in the northern parts is hot, but
tempered by the humidity of the air ; in the
southern parts it is temperate and generally
healthy. Gold and diamonds, for which Brazil has
been so long celebrated, abound in almost all
the higher regions of the interior, and are
chiefly found in the beds of the mountain tor
rents, where the stream is most rapid. Almost
all the streams that rise from the chain of
mountains that extend through the province of
Minas Geraes, are rich, especially near their
sources, in gold and diamonds. The towns of
St. Paul and Villa Rica, and others in the inte
rior, have grown out of mining establishments.
The chief town in the principal diamond dis
trict is Tejuco.
Brazza, (an. Brattia,) isl. in the Adriatic,
about 30 miles long, and 9 broad, near the
coast of Dalmatia. Sq. m. 286. Pop. 13,800.
It belongs to Austria. Lon. 17. E. Lat. 43. 45.
N. Notwithstanding the stony soil of Brazza,
It produces a great quantity of wine, which is
generally held as the best in Dalmatia ; this ar
ticle, firewood, and sheep, form the principal
revenue of the Brazzani. The island also pro
duces oil, figs, almonds, silk, saffron and a little
corn. The lentisk grows here in great plenty,
and the poor peasants make oil of the berries
when there is a scarcity of olives.
Brazzoe, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 5 NW. Udina.
Brazzo de Maina, see Maina.
Bre, r. Denmark which runs into the North
sea ; 6 SW. Tondern.
Bre, see Breno.
Brea, small isl, in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mexico. Lat. 16. N.
Brea Head, cape on SW. coast of Ireland in
the county of Kerry. Lon. 10. 16. W. Lat. 51.
50. N.
Breadalbane, district, Scot, in the western
part of Perth, bordering on Argyle. The coun
try of Breadalbane has not a village of ten
houses ; yet, from its latinised name Albania,
has often given the title of duke to some of the
royal family ; it is near the centre of Scotland,
and is alleged to be the highest ground in it.
Breage, v. and parish, Eng., in Cornwall,
among the tin mines ; 3 NW. Helston. Pop.
2,888. Breaker Island, small isl. in the Mergui Ar
chipelago, near the coast of Sullivan's island.
Lat. 11.8. N.
Breakneck Hill, on the Hudson, at the en
trance of the Highlands, opposite to Butter hill ;
60 N. New-York. Height 1,187 feet.
Breaksea Island, small isl. at N. entrance of
Dusky bay, on the coast of New-Zealand.

Breaksea Spit, shoal on E. coast of New-
Holland, a little N. Sandy cape.
Breal, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 6 SE.
Montfort, 7 SW. Rennes.
Bream Bay, bay on E. coast of New Zea
land. W. Bream Head.
Bream Head, cape on E. coast of New Zea
land, forming N. point of Bream bay. Lon. 185.
7. W. Lat. 35. 46. S.
Bream Tail, cape on E. of New Zealand ;
12 S. Bream head.
Bream's Heights, eminence, N.Y., on Hudson's
river, where Gen. Gates had a camp previous
to the captitulation of Saratoga.
Breaute, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 13 NW.
Caudebec. H. 200.
Brebince, r. France which runs into the
Loire, near Digoin.
Brecey, t. France, in Channel ; 7 E. Aw-
ranche. Pop. 2,100.
Brecey, t. France, in Mayenne ; 7 NW.
Mayenne. H. 250.
Brechen, X. Hesse ; 16 WSW. Wetzlar.
Brechin, X. Scot., in Angus, a royal burgh ; 8
W. Montrose, 40 S. Aberdeen, 43 NNE. Perth.
Lon. 2. 45. W. Lat. 56. 42. N. Pop. 5,559. It
is situated on the South Esk, over which it has
a stately bridge of two arches, and is consider
able for its salmon, and cattle markets. There
is a well-supplied weekly market on Tuesday.
The chief trade is in linen and yarn. The church
is collegiate. The Culdees had a convent
here. The ruins of the abbey of red , friars
are yet to be seen in the college wynd, adjoin
ing to the north-western end of the grammar-
school. It was formerly a bp. see.
Breeht, t. Neth., in Antwerp. Pop. 2,121.
Breckenridge, co. Ken. Pop. in 1810, 3,430 ;
slaves 505. Pop. in 1820, 7,485.
Breckerfeld, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg;
26 NNE. Cologne. Pop. 929.
Brecknock, X. Lancaster CO., Pa. Pop. 1,062.
Brecknock, t. Berks co. Pa Pop. 536.
Brecknock, or Brecon, (an. Aberhonddy,) t.
S. Wales, capital of the county to which it
gives name ; 62 W. Gloucester, 162 W.London.
Lon. 3.20. W. Lat. 51. 52. N. Pop. 3,196. It
has 3 parish chh., an arsenal, and manufactures
of cloth and stockings. It is situated on the
river Usk, where it is joined by the Honthy,
and has markets on Wednesday and Saturday.
Brecknockshire, inland co. S. Wales, bounded
N. and NE. by Radnorshire ; E. by Hereford
shire and Monmouthshire; S. by Monmouth
shire and Glamorganshire ; and W. by Caer-
marthenshire and Cardiganshire. It was ancient
ly inhabited by the Silures, and under the Ro
mans made a part of the province of Britannia
Secunda. The form is irregular, inclining to a
triangle;, the length about 33 miles, and the
breadth 30. It is divided into 6 hundreds,
which contain 4 towns, Brecknock, Builth,
Crickhowel,and Hay; and 61 parishes ; il sends
two members to parliament ; for the county
and town of Brenock, one each. The higher
mountains are barren, but the smaller hills cul
tivated to the summits ; the valleys are in ge
neral fertile, but the proportion of good land to
bad does not amount to one third. Pop. 37,735.
Families 7,919; 4,667 engaged in agriculture ;

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2,239 in manufactures ; 1,013 otherwise. Sq. m.
731. Breda, city, Neth., in N. Brabant, on the Aa
and Mercke,two small rivers which unite here,
and form the river Roevert; 22 SSE. Rotter
dam, 46 S. Amsterdam. Lon. 4. 37. E. Lat. 61.
35. N. Pop. 8,259. H. 1,500. It is a strong town,
Well built, and contains 3 Reformed, 1 Lutheran,
and 3 Catholic churches, and an athenaeum or
academy. The great church is an elegant struc
ture, remarkable for its tower ; the height of the
spire is 362 feet. The town house is large, the
apartments regular, and sumptuously furnished.
The city is of a triangular form ; at every an
gle is a gate, and trees are planted along the
ramparts. Breda was once a place of com
merce, and had extensive manufactures of cloth.
It has now a few manufactures of stockings,
carpets, and hats, and several breweries.
Breda, small isl. in the gulf of Tonquin, near
the coast of China. Lon. -109. 27. E. Lat. 21.
24. N.
Bredano, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, Lon. 16. 47. E. Lat. 40. 35. N.
Brede, (La,) v. France, in Gironde, with a
chateau, in which Montesquieu was born and
resided ; 7 SE. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,334.
Brede, r. Eng., which rises in Sussex, and
joins the Rother, near Winchelsea.
Bredea, X. Algiers ; 10 SSW. Oran.
Bredenbom, X. Pru., in Minden ; 4 E. Neheim.
Pop. 757.
Brederode, ancient and noble signiory, Hol
land, between Beverwick and Haerlem.
Bredewig X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 44 SSW.
Christiania. Bredl, t. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 6 NE. Tur-
nau. Bredsledt, X. Denmark, in Sleswick, capital of
a district ; 21 WNW. Sleswick. Lon. 9. 1. E.
Lat. 54. 42. N. Pop. 1,500.
Bredskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 43. E. Lat. 63. 42. N.
Bredskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 2. E. Lat. 62. 54. N.
Bredydt, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine ; II E. Treves.
Bree, X. France, in Mayenne ; 10 NE. Laval.
H. 210.
Bree, X. Neth., in Liege. Pop. 1,184.
Bree, see Bray.
Breek, X. Algiers, near the coast, formerly a
Roman town ; 9 W. Shershell. ¦
Breesebach, r. Ger., which runs into the Un-
strutt, 4 S. Weissensee, in Upper Saxony.
Brefort, see Breevoordt.
Breg, or Breig, r. Swabia, which joins the
Danube, near its source.
Bregangon, fortress, France, on a small isl.
on the coast, between Toulon and St. Tropez.
Lon. 6. 19. E. Lat. 43. 5. N.
Bregentz, ci-devant county, Ger., in Swabia,
but annexed to the circle of Austria, bounded
N. by the territory of Wangen, E. by the bish
opric of Augsburg and Tyrolese, S. by the coun
ties of Pludentz and Montfort, and W. by the
Rhine and the lake of Constance. — The Austrian
circle of Bregentz includes Bregentz, Feldkirch,
Sonnenberg, Pludentz, Hohenembs, and Lus-
tenau. Pop. 84,750. Sq. m. 938.
Bregentz, (an. Brigantia,) t. Tyrol, capital of

the circle, formerly of a county of the same
name, situated at E. end of the lake of Con
stance ; 4 SE. Lindau, 60 ENE. Zurich. Lon.
9. 44. E. Lat. 47. 30. N. Pop. 1,951. There
are several forges in its environs, and towards
the south it has a fort.
Bregentz, r. Ger., which runs into the lake of
Constance, near the town so called.
Breglio, X. Italy, in Nice ; 18 NE. Nice.
Bregovilza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 30
NW. Sofia.
Brehal, t. France, in Channel ; 9 SSW. Cou-
tances. Pop. 1,159.
Brehan Loudeac, t. France, in Morbihan ; 6
N. Josselin. Pop. 2,538.
Brehat, small isl. in the English channel, near
the coast of France, in dep. North-Coasts. Lon.
2. 55. W. Lat. 48. 50. N. Pop. 1,134.
Brehar, or Bryer, one of the Scilly islands ; it
is rocky and mountainous, with but few inhabi
tants ; about 30 miles from the Land's End.
Lon. 6. 47. W. Lat. 50. 2. N.
Brehemont, X. France, in Indre-and-Loire; 12
W. Tours. H. 220.
Brehna, or Brena, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merse
burg ; 26 SW. Wittenberg, 62 NW. Dresden.
Lon. 12. 15. E. Lat. 51. 37. N.
Bried at Mortah, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 30
SE. Mecca.
Breidenbach, t. France, Moselle ; 5N.Bitche.
Breisach, see Brisach.
Breisch, X. Prussia ; 8 S. Crossen.
Breissa, X. Africa, in Kordofan ; 100 W Sen
naar. Lon.. 31. 38. E. Lat. 13. 20. N.
Breit, X. Bavaria ; 2 NE. Aichstatt.
Breitenbach, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg-Sonders-
hausen, with 2 churches ; 14 S. Erfurt. Pop.
2,175. Breitenberg, X. Ger., in Holstein, on the river
Stoer ; 2 S. Itzehoa.
Breitenbrunn, X. Saxony, Erzgebirg. Pop. 750.
Breileneck, X. Bavaria, UpperJ)anubc ; 3 NE.
Dietfurt, 18 WNW. Ratisbon. Lon. 11. 35. E.
Lat. 40. 3. N. Pop. 1,414.
Breitenfield, X. Saxony, Leipsic ; 5 N. Leipsic.
Breilenstein, X. Ger., Upper-Hesse. Pop. 263.
Breilungen, X. Ger. ; 5 NW. Smalkalden.
Breitungen, (Alt,) X. Ger. ; 5 W. Smalkalden.
Breitungen, (Frauen,) X. Ger. ; in Meiningen;
4 W. Smalkalden. Pop. 505.
Breitzenheim, v. Pru. Coblentz, near Creutz
nach, on the Nahe. Pop. 522.
Breitzenheim, see Bretzenheim.
Brclands, X. Norway ; 7 WNW. Christiansand.
Brelles, X. France, Finisterre ; 10 NW. Brest
Brem, or Prem, X. Carniola ; 18 E. Trieste.
Brema, X. Italy, near the conflux of the Sesia
and the Po ; 28 W. Pavia.
Bremba, r. Italy, which runs into the Adda, 8
from Bergamo.
Brembato, X. Italy, Bergamo ; 6 W. Bergamo.
Bremen, duchy orpr. Hanover, lying between
the Weser and the Elbe, having the German
ocean N., and Luneburg and Verden S. These
limits include Hadeln, which forms a part of
the province. Pop. 168,504; mostly Lutherans.
H. 28,979. Sq. m. 2,135. Chief town, Stade,
The whole country is entirely level, and in some
places so low that it is necessary to secure it
from the inundations of the rivers by expensive

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dikes. The lands bordering on the rivers are
very good, and produce abundantly corn, fruit,
hemp, and flax , and afford excellent pasture.
The central part has an arid soil, but yields
plenty of buckwheat, and has excellent sheep
walks and turf pits.
Bremen, one of the four free cities, Ger., in
the duchy of the same name, on the Weser,
about 50 miles above its mouth ; 54 SW. Ham
burg, 95 NW. Brunswick. Lon. 8. 48. E. Lat.
53. 5. N. Pop. 36,630. H. 5,350. It lies on both
sides of the river, which divides it into old and
new towns. It has an extensive maritime com
merce, although boats only can come up to the
town. At Elsfleth, a considerable distance
below, is the harbour, which, however, is too
shallow to admit large vessels, most of which
anchor at Bracke, 4 miles lower. About 200
Bremen ships pass, on an average, through the
sound yearly, and about 900, great and small,
enter the port. The trade is founded partly on
its manufactures of refined sugar, cotton, wool
len cloths, dye-stuffs, Sic ; but chiefly on the
exportation of the products of Westphalia and
Lower Saxony, and the importation of foreign
goods. The town is fortified, and is generally well
built and paved ; the principal street is of great
length. The most important public buildings
are the cathedral, exchange, and town house.
Here is a distinguished academy, founded in
1529, partly Lutheran and partly Calvinist.
Calvinism is the prevailing religion, but there
are many Lutherans. Bremen Wffs formerly
a leading member of the Hanseatic league. —
Natives, Olbers and Heeren. — The district be
longing to the city includes 75 sq. m. Total
pop. 46,300.
Bremerford, or Bremervorde, X. Hanover, in
Bremen, defended by a castle ; 10 SW. Stade,
30 N. Bremen. Pop. 1,200. Lon. 9. 3. E. Lat.
53. 29. N. Here was formerly a palace of the
archbishop of Bremen.
Bremersford, X. Bavaria ; 2 SSE. Burg Barn-
heim. Bremeluraeum, now Brampton.
Bremgarten, X. Switz., in Aargau ; 11 W.
Zurich, 20 N. Lucerne. Lon. 8. 11. E. Lat.
47. 16. N. Pop. 80.— Native, Bullinger.
Bremis, X. Switz., in Valais ; 4 ESE. Sion.
Bremo, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, near
the coast of Sweden. Lat. 62. 8. N.
Bremont la Motte, X. France, Puy-de-DOme ;
10 Clermont.
Brems, r. France, which runs into the Sarre,
near Sar-Libre.
Brenchly, t. Eng., in Kent ; 10 SE. Tunbridge.
Pop. 1,854.
Brenekhausen, X. Pru. Westphalia; 4 NW.
Corvey. Brendola, X. Italy, in Vicenza ; 7 SW. Vicen
za. Pop. 2,200.
Brenets, (Les,) v. and mayoralty, Switz., in
Neufchatel ; 10 NW. Neufchatel. Pop. 1,000.
It is situated near the river Doubs, which begins
here to be navigable, and forms a cataract in
the neighbourhood of nearly 200 feet in height.
Brenna, or Ober-Brenna, X. Bohemia, in Bits-
chow. Pop. 1,400.
Brenne, before the revolution, a small coun
try of France, now part of Indre.

Brenner, or Brennerberg, mountains of the
Tyrol, between Inspruck and Storzing, over
which the high road continues 12 miles in
length. The summit, from which the chain de
rives its name, is 5,109 feet high. Other summits
are Glockner and Ortel, 11,500, Hock-horn,
10,663 feet high, Gefrorn and Bock-Kogel. They
are a part of the Alps.
Brenying, r. South Wales, which joins the
Tyvy, near Tregaren, in Cardiganshire.
Brennitz, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
4 miles below Appeln.
Breno, or Bree, X. Italy, in Brescia, on the
Oglio ; 25 S. Bormio, 32 N. Brescia. Lon. 10.
14. E. Lat. 56. 3. N. Pop. 2,000.
Brenod, X. France, in Ain ; 5 S. Nantua.
Brenschat,X.NeXh., Antwerp ; 6 NE. Antwerp.
Brenschen, X. Bavaria ; 7 S. Miltenberg.
Brent, r. Eng., which runs into the Thames,
at Brentford, in Middlesex.
Brent, or Bense, island on the coast of Afri
ca, at the mouth of the river Sierra Leone.
Brent, or South Brent, X. Eng., in Devon, sit
uated in a valley surrounded with hills ; 16 E.
Plymouth, 200 W. London. Pop. 1,238.
Brenta, (an Medoacus,) r. which rises in Ty
rol, 7 E. Trent, passes by Padua, and runs in
to the Adriatic, a little S. of Venice.
Brentello, X. Italy, in Padua ; 5 NNW. Padua,
Brentford, X. Eng., in Middlesex, on theN.'
side of the Thames ; so called from the river
Brent, which crosses it at W. end ; 7 W. Lon
don. Pop. 1,733. It is a place of great trade,
which is much assisted by the vicinity of the
river ; market-boats go every tide to London.
The business of distilling is very large, as well
as brick making, malting, and mealing. Mem
bers of parliament for the county of Middles-
sex are elected in this town.
Brentinego, X. Tyrol ; 12 SSW. Trent.
Brenlon's Reef the most southerly point of
the island of Rhode Island.
Brentwood, or Burntwood, X. Eng., in Essex,
in the road from Colchester and Harwich ; 18
E. London, 33 W. Colchester. Pop. 1,238.
Brentwood, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 20
WSW. Portsmouth, W. 521, Pop. 892.
Brentz, or Brenz, l . Ger., which rises in Wur
temberg, arid runs into the Danube, 2 E. Gun-
delfingen. Brentz, or Brenz, X. Wurt, on the Brentz ; 3
WNW. Gundelfingen, 13 NE. Ulm. Pop. 750.
Brenzighofen, X. Switz., Berne ; 10 SE. Berne.
Bresar, small isl. in E. Indian sea, near W:
coast of Sumatra. Lon. 100. 4. E. Lat. 1.17. S.
Bresca, X. on SE. coast of Veglia, containing
about 200 inhabitants.
Brescia, (an. Brixia,) city Aust. Italy, in the
government of Milan, capital of the Bresciano
or rather delegation of Brescia ; 32 NE. Man
tua, 43 E. Milan. Lon. 10. 14. E. Lat. 45. 32.
N. Pop. 34,168. H. 5,000. Bp. see. It is
situated in a beautiful plain, on the Garza, the
rivers Mela and Navilo likewise passing near it.
It contains a castle, a cathedral, 12 parish chh.,
30 convents, 7 hospitals, a public libraiy, an
academy, and a cabinet of coins. The cathe
dral is a large edifice of white stone, overloaded
with ornaments, and contains the supposed
standard of Constantine. The town is sur-

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rounded with walls and ditches, and contains
several handsome squares and streets. The ar
ticles of trade and manufacture are linseed oil
and arms ; also silk, flax, woollen, linen, and
wine. Bresciano, Bresson, or Bressin, country, Ita
ly, bounded N. by Bormio and Trent, E. by
lake Garda, Veronese, and Mantua, S. by Man
tua and Cremonese, and W. by Cremasco, Ber-
gamasco, and Valteline. The northern part is
mountainous, the southern level, very fertile,
populous, and well cultivated. The rivers are
the Mela, Oglio, Oise, and Susa. Lake Gar-
da is on the east, and Iseo on the west. It now
forms the Austrian delegation of Brescia, in
the government of Milan. Pop. 305,763. Sq.
m. 1,191.
Bresello, see Bersello.
Bresins, or Bresons, small isl. in the Atlantic,
near SW. coast of Eng., a little to. SW. of cape
Cornwall. Bresk, or Brescar, X. Algiers, on the sea coast,
at the bottom of a bay in the Mediterranean ;
50 WSW. Algiers. Lon. 2. 30. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Breskens, X: Flanders, Cadsand ; 10 N. Sluys.
Breslau, or Breslaw, gov., Prussia, in Silesia,
divided into 14 circles, viz. Breslau, Neumarkt,
Namslau, Brjeg, OhlaU, Strehlen, Oels, Treb-
nitz, Creutzburg, Wartenburg, Militsch, Guh-
rau, Steinau, and Wahlau. Pop. 494,598. Sq.
m. 3,275. The late principality of Breslau
comprised the circles of Breslau, Neumarkt,
and Namslau, with 950 sq. m. and 178,000 inh.
Breslau, city, Prussia, capital of Silesia, and
of the government and circle of Breslau, on
S. side of the Oder, at the junction of the Oh-
lau ; 80 S. Posen, 130 E. Dresden. Lon. 17. 2.
E. Lat 51. 6. N. Pop. in 1810, 63,020 ; Luth.
43,732, Cath. 14,732, Ref. 6,691, Jews 3,625.
H. 4,438. Pop. in 1819, including the suburbs
and military, 76,813 ; 4,400 Jews. Bp. see. It
is divided into old and new towns, has 5 sub
urbs, is surrounded by strong walls and other
fortifications, and has 6 large and 6 small gates.
It contains 268 public buildings ; 28 Cath. chh.,
13 Luth. chh., 1 Ref. ch., 16 hospitals, 14 pub
lic libraries, 4 gymnasia, 2 Luth:, 1 Cath., and 1
Ref. ; and a well endowed university, found
ed in 1702, partly Protestant and partly Catho
lic, having .ia 1817, 52 teachers, and 366 stu
dents. Breslau is the centre of the trade of Silesia,
has an easy communication with Hamburg, by
means of a canal which joins the Oder with
Elbe, carries on an extensive commerce with
the north of Germany and the Baltic, and sup
ports various important manufactures, as linen,
the staple article ; next printed cottons, calico,
chintz, woollen stuffs, silk, Turkish yarn, and
thread. It has 6 annual fairs, 2 of them very
large, continuing 8 days. Natives, Wolf and
Garve. Bresle, t. France, in Oise ; 7 SE. Beauvais.
Bresle, r. France, which rises near Aumale,
and separates Somme from Eure, till it falls
into the sea at Treport
Bresnitz, t. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 22 NW. Saatz.
Lon. 18. 9. E. Lat. 50. 26. N.
Bresson, see Bresciano.
Bressay, or Brassa, one of the Shetland isl-
Vol. I. 31

ands of Scotland, about 4 miles long and- 2
broad, separated from the main land of Shet
land by a narrow sea, called Bres3ay sound,
one of the best harbours in the world, in which
1,000 sail of ships may ride at the same time.
Lon. 1. 12. W. Lat. 60. 14.N.
Bresse, before the revolution a country of
France, in the province of Burgundy, bordered.
E. by Savoy, S. by Viennois, W. by Lyonnois
and Dotnbes, and N. by Franche Compte.
Bourg was the capital.
Bressuire, X. France, seat of a tribunal, in
Two-Sevres ; 15 NNW. Partenay, 30 N. Niort.
Lon. 0.25. W. Lat 46. 51. N. Pop. 1,950.
Brest, (an. Brivates Partus, and Gesobrivale,')
s-p. France, and principal place of a district,
in Finisterre ; 23 posts NW. Vannes, 69J W.
Paris. Lon. 4. 29. W. Lat. 4S. 23. N. Pop.
25,865. H: 2,600. It has one of the best har
bours in France, and a safe road capable of
containing 500 men of war, in 8, 10, and 15
fathoms at low water, and it is the chief station
of the French marine. The coast on both sides
is well fortified. The entrance is narrow and
difficult, with covered rocks that make it dan-i
gerons to those not well acquainted with it. It
contains two parishes, and a marine seminary.
The arsenal is an immense and superb building,
and the dock-yards well constructed. It is the
seat of a governor, of an admiralty board, and
a municipality. The climate of Brest is wet
and uncomfortable, and the sky is almost al
ways obscured.
Brestice, see Brseslz.
Brelagne, or Brittany, before the revolution a
considerable province of France, bounded
NW. and S. by the sea, and E. by Maine and
Anjou. The climate is temperate, and the
soil unequal > in some places covered with
wood;' in others the inhabitants cultivate
wheat, hemp, flax, Sic Numerous herds of
cattle are bred and fatted in the pastures ; game
and fish are plentiful ; cider is the common
drink of the inhabitants. There are some me
dicinal springs ; and mines of iron, lead, and
coal. The inhabitants are reckoned brave and
excellent seamen. By the new division, Bre-
tagne forms the departments of Finisterre,
North-Coasts, Ille-and-Vilaine, Morbihan, and
Lower-Loire. Pop. 2,292,109.
Bretehen, or Gratham, X. Pru. ; 48 E. Culm.
Bretenoux, X. France, Lot ; 4 NNW. St. Cere.
Breteuil, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Oise ; 3£ posts S. Amiens, 12 N. Paris.
Lon. 2. 23. E. Lat. 49. 38. N. Pop. 2,160.
Breteuil, X. France," in Eure ; 7 N. Verneuil,
15 SSW. Evreux. Pop. 1,896.
Bretherton, v. Eng., Lancashire; 6. Chorley.
Breligny, v. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 3
miles from Chartres. It is remarkable for a
treaty of peace between the French and Eng
lish, by which John, king of France, obtained his
freedom, which he lost at the battle of Poictiers.
Breton, r. Eng., which runs into the Stour,
near Hadleigh in Suffolk.
Breton, see Cape Breton.
Bretoncelles, x. France, in Orne ; 15 E. Mor-
tagne. H. 230.
Brett, r. Eng., which joins the Essex Stour,
near Neyland,

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Brettach, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Kocher, at Neustadt
Brettach, X. Wurtemberg, Lower-Necker, on
the Brettach. Pop. 850.
Bretten, X. Sweden,, in Dalecarlia, at W. ex
tremity of the lake Wener; now desolate.
Bretten, or Breltheim, X. Baden, capital of a
district in Pfinz-and-Enz ; 18 SE. Spire, 21 S.
Heidelberg. Pop. 2,594. In November 1799,
the French were defeated here by the Austrians.
— Philip Melancthon was born here in 1497.
Bretteville, X. France, in Calvados ; 8 S. Caen,
10 NNW. Falaise. Pop. 800.
Bretteville V Orgueilleuse, X. France, in Cal
vados ; 6 WNW. Caen, 7 SE. Bayeux.
Bretlon Monk, X. Eng. in W. Riding of York
shire ; 1J Barnsley. Pop. 530.
Brelton West, X. Eng., 6 Barnsley. Pop. 410.
Brettoh Woods, t. Coos co., N. H.; 12 SSE.
Lancaster. Pop. 19.
Bretzenheim, v. Pru. Lower-Rhine, in Cob
lentz, on the Nahe ; 5 NE. Creutznach. Pop.
522. Breval, X. France, in Seine-andrOise ; 3 SW.
Nantes. Br'evttnne, t, France, in Upper-Marne ; 6 S.
Bourmont Breuberg, X. and strong mountain citadel,
Ger., in Hesse, on the Mumbling ; 8 SSW. As-
chaffenburg, 22 NW. Werfheim.
Brevelle, p-t. Natchitoches co. Louisiana.
Brevine, X. Switz., in Neufchatel; 12 W.
Neufchatel. Brevoordt, X. and fortress, Neth., Guelderland,
in Zutphen, surrounded by marshes ; 21 SE.
Zutphen, 30 E. Arnheim. Pop. 530.
Breunlingen, t.Baden ;4Villingen. Pop. 1,400.
Brew, see Brue.
Brewer, p-t Penobscot co. Maine, on E. side
of the Penobscot, opposite Bangor ; 34 N. Cas-
tine, W. 696. Pop. 744.
Brewer's Haven, harbour on N. coast of Chi-
loe. Lon. 74. W. Lat. 42. 30. S.
Brewer's Lagoon, bay on the coast of Hondu
ras. Lon. 84. 40. W. Lat. 15. 48. N.
Brewerton Fort, at W. end of Oneida lake, N.
Y. ; 25 SE. fort Oswego. It is in ruins.
Brewood, X. Eng., in Stafford, with a weekly
market on Tuesday; 7N. Wolverhampton, 129
NW. London. Pop. 991.
Brewster, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. ; 16 E.
Barnstable, 88 SE. Boston, W.498. Pop. 1,285.
Brewster's Droogte, rocky islet atE. entrance of
the straits of Sunda. Lon. 107. E. Lat. 5.24. S.
Brewton, see Bruton.
Brey, X. Neth., on the Neer ; 29 N. Leige.
Brenandy, r. S. Wales, which runs into the
Clethy, near Lanekeven, in Pembrokeshire.
Breyel, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Cleves.
Pop. 3,524.
Breyreldre, t. Flanders ; 8 S. Alost.
Breysich, see Brisich.
Breze, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 8 S.
Saumur. H. 200
Brezolles, or Bressolles, t. France, in Eure-
and-Loire ; 4 W. Dreux, 9 NW. Chateautieuf.
Pop. 810.
Briacchinow, now Bulgar.
Briaden, t. Syria ; 100 NNE. Damascus.
Briangon, (an. Brigantio,) X. France, princi

pal place of a district, in the Higher- Alps ; 8
N. Embrun, 56 NNE. Gap. Lon. 6.43. E. Lat.
44. 64. N. Pop. 2,976. It is situated on the
Durance, surrounded with rocks and mountains,
and defended by forts and redoubts.
Briangonnet, fortress, Savoy, near the town
of Moustiers, on a rock, inaccessible every
way, except by the side of a river, where it is
ascended by 2, or 300 steps. The common
passage from the Savoy to the Tarentaise and
Italy is by this fortress.
Briangonnois, before the revolution a country
of France, in Dauphiny, about 36 miles longy
and 18 wide, situated among the Alps. The
air is cold in winter and warm in summer.
The inhabitants are sober, active, and industri
ous ; they cultivate some wheat and fruit, and
feed nurnbers of sheep ; they gather manna from
the trees, and make some wine. They were
known to the Romans under the name of Bri-
gantines. It now forms some part of Lower-
Alps., Briansk, X. Rus., in Orlov, capital of a circle,
on the Desna; 60 WNW. Orel, 440 SSE. Pe
tersburg. Pop. 4,000.
Brianza, mountains,- Italy, near the lake of
Como, in the Milanese.
Briar Creek, X. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,719.
Briare, t. France, in Loiret, on the Loire; 6
SE. Gien. Pop. 1,655. It is celebrated for a
canal, which from hence forms a communica
tion between the Loire and the Seine.
Briar's Creek, r. Georgia, which runs into the
Savannah, 40 miles below Augusta. In 1?79,
a part of the American army was surprised on
this river by the British, and entirely routed,
with the loss of 400 men killed or taken ; the
whole of their artillery, their stores, baggage,
and most of their arms were taken.
Brieg, see Breg.
Briasca, t.Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia; 25 NW.
Bender, 76 E. Jassy.
Briatexte, X. France, in Tarn, and district of
Lavaur ; 4 NE. Lavaur. Pop.- 1,006.
Brialico, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 11 NE-
Nicotera. Bribekou, X. Africa, on the Gold Coast.
Briceland Cross Roads, p-v. Washington co.
Pa. ; W. 251.
Bricherasco, X. Piedmont; 3 SSW. Pignerola.
Pop. 2,795.
Brick, r. Ireland, in Kerry, which runs into
the Cashin, 10 N. Tralee.
Brick House, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. ; W. 377.
Brick-Meeting- House, p-v. Cecil co. Md. W.
102. Bricksville, X. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 315.
Bricky, r. Ireland, which runs into the hay of
Dungarvan, in the county of Waterford.
Brieon, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 7 W.
ChamOnt. Briezani, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia ; 30 SE.
Chokzim, 89 N. Jassy.
Bride, r. Ireland, which runs into the Black-
water, about 5 miles E. Tallow, in Waterford,
Bridgebranch, or Cridgeville, p-v. Sussex co.
Delaware, W. 132.
Bridgefield, p-v. Shelby co. Kentucky ; W.
612. Bridgend, t.S. Wales, in Glamorgan, on the

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Ogmore ; 20 W. Cardiff, 181 W. London. Pop.
1,701. The soil near it is exceedingly fertile
and well cultivated ; a woollen manufacture is
carried on here. It has a market on Saturday.
Bridgeford, v. and parish, Eng., in Notting
ham, supposed to be on the site of the ancient
Margidunum; 10 ENE. Nottingham. Pop. 662.
Bridgehampton, p-v. in Southampton, N. Y. ;
W. 336.
Bridgeness, small s-p. Scot., in Linlithgow, on
S. bank of the frith of Forth ; 17 W. Edinburgh.
Bridgenorth, t. Eng., in Salop, on the Severn,
first built by Ethelfreda, lady of the Mercians ;
21 ESE. Shrewsbury; 139 NW. London. Lon.
2. 30. W. Lat. 52. 38. N. Pop. 4,179. It is a
large market and borough town, sending 2
members to parliament, and consists of 2 towns,
separated by the Severn, but united by a stone
bridge of 8 arches, with a gate. The [Upper
Town is situated on a hill, or rock of red sand, :
in which the cellars and many mean houses
are hewn. It has been walled, and 2 of the
gates remain at the ends of the High-street
Bridgeport, s-p. and bor. in the township of
Stratford, Ct., on Long island sound, at the
mouth of the Pequanock; 3iW. Stratford, 17£
SW. New-Haven, W. 286. Lon. 73. 12. W.
Lat. 41. 10. N. Pop. 1,089. It contains a bank
and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congre-
gationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. It is a
pleasant and flourishing village, and has con
siderable trade. Two weekly newspapers are
published here.
Bridgeport, bor. Fayette co. Pa., on the Mo-
nongahela, separated from Brownsville by Dun-
lap's creek. Pop., 624. See Brownsville.
Bridgeport, p-v. Harrison co. Va. ; W. 265.
Bridges Town, X. Kennebeck co. Maine. Pop.
214. Bridgeton, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine ; 39
NW. Portland, 130 NNE. Boston, W. 589. Pop.
in 1810,832; in 1820, 1,160. Here is an academy.
Bridgetown, t. Middlesex co. N. J. ; 5 SW.
Elizabethtown, 20 SW. New York, 70 NE.
Philadelphia. Bridgetown, p-t. and cap. Cumberland co. N.
J. on the Cohanzy ; 56 S. Philadelphia, W. 173.
Lon. 75. 8. W. Lat 39. 29. N. It contains a
court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and
a printing office, and is a place of considerable
trade. The .shipping belonging to this port, in
1816, amounted to 14,822 tons. The Cohanzy j
is navigable to this town for vessels of 100 tons.
Bridgetown, X. Queen Anne co. Md., on the
Tuckahoe ; 8 E. Centreville.
Bridgetown, p-t. Kent co. Md. on the river
Chester; 1SE. Chester, W. 126. It has about
40 houses.
Bridgetown, X. Antigua, in Willoughby Bay.
Bridgetown, s-p. cap. Barbadoes, in the West i
Indies, lying in SW. part of the island, and in
the parish of St. Michael. Lon. 59. 40. W. Lat.
13. 5. N. Pop. 15, or 20,000. It is situated on
the innermost part of Carlisle Bay, which is
large enough to contain 500 ships, being 4 miles
in breadth, and 3 in depth ; but the bottom is
foul and apt to cut the cables. It suffered
greatly by fire, on Feb. 8, 1756 ; May 14th,
1766; and Dec. 27th, 1767, when the greatest
part of the town was destroyed ; before which

time it had about 1,500 houses, mostly brick,
very elegant, and said to be the finest and
largest in all the Caribbee islands, the greatest
part of which have been rebuilt. It has a col
lege, founded liberally, and endowed by Colo
nel Codrington. Here are commodious wharfs
for loading and unloading goods, with some
forts and castles for its defence ; but the town
is subject to hurricanes. On the E. side of the
town is a small fort of 8 guns, where the mag
azines of powder and stores are kept by a strong
guard. This is the seat of the governor, coun
cil, assembly, and court of chancery.
Bridgewater, X. W mdsor co. Vt, ; 17 NW.
Windsor. Pop. 1,125.
Bridgewater, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on the
Merrimack; 10 S. Plymouth, 70 NW. Ports
mouth, W. 532. Pop. 727.
Bridgewater, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 20
NW. Plymouth, 25 S. Boston, 30 N., New Bed
ford, 30 ENE. Providence. Pop. in 1810, 5,167 ;
in 1820, 5,662. It is a large and valuable agri
cultural town, containing about 75 sq. m., com
prising 4 parishes, in each of which are a Con
gregational meeting-house and a post-office ;
and in the south parish there is an academy,
and in the west, a town-house. There are also
in the town an Episcopalian and a Baptist
house of public worship. The parish of Titicut
also is included partly in Bridgewater and
partly in Middlcborough. Pop. of East Bridge-
water, 1,435; West, 1,055; North, 1,480; South,
1,370; part of Titicut, 322 = 5,662. West
Bridgewater was incorporated a separate town
in 1822. The surface is very level, and much
intersected by the head branches of Taunton
river, which afford numerous mill seats. It is
one of the most considerable manufacturing
towns in the state, and contains among its man
ufacturing establishments, 3 forges, 2 slitting
and rolling mills, 2 anchor shops, 4 trip ham
mer shops, 3 nail manufactories, 1 air furnace,
3 cotton and woollen manufactories, 11 grist
mills, and 18 saw mills.
Bridgewater, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 12 S.
Utica, W- 401. Pop. 1,533.
Bridgewater, p-t. Susquehanna co. Pa. ; W.
275. Pop. 1,994.
Bridgewater, X. Somerset county, N. J. ; 3 N.
Boundbrook. Pop. 2,906.
Bridgewater, t. Mass., which unites with the
Namasket to form Taunton river.
Bridgewater, s-p. Eng., near the Bristol chan
nel, on the river Parrel, in Somerset ; 11 NNE.
Taunton, 44 SW. Bristol, 137 W. London. Lon.
2. 59. W. Lat. 51.8. N." Pop. 4,911. It carries
on considerable foreign trade, and has some
coasting. The houses are irregular, but the
streets are wide and well paved. It is a bor
ough town, and sends 2 members to parlia
ment. The castle here was built in the reign
of king John. Here is a quay, called the haven ;
and an iron bridge over the river Parret. The
market is weekly, on Thursday, fors cattle,
cheese, corn, and provisions.
Bridi, or Bradi, X. Arabian Irak, on a canal
between the Tigris and Euphrates ; 30 NE. Sura.
Bridlington, see Burlington.
Bridport, p-t. Addison co. Vt. ; E. of Lake
Champlain ; 50 WSW. Montpelier, W. 46S
Pop. 1,511.

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BRI

Bridport, s-p. Eng., in Dorset ; 15 W. Dor
chester, 135 W. London. Lon. 2. 51. W. Lat.
50. 41. N. Pop. 3,666. It has a harbour in the
English channel, capable of containing about
40 sail of small vessels ; situated at the mouth
of the Brit. The trade of the town is chiefly in
twine, hats, and sail cloth. It sends 2 members
to parliament ; the situation of the town is low.
The quarter-sessions for the county are held
here once a year. Saturday is the market day.
Brie, before the revolution, a country of
France, which was situated partly in Cham
pagne, and partly in the Isle France ; and call
ed from its particular situation Brie Champe-
noise, and Brie Francoise, or Brie Parisienne.
The principal towns were Meaux, Provins, and
Chateau Thierry.
Brie Comte Robert, X. France, in Seine-and-
Marne, founded by Robert, count of Dreaux;
3£ posts SE. Paris. Pop. 2.571.
Briec, X. France, in Finisterre ; 6NNE.Quim-
per, 6 SSE. Chateaulin. Pop. 4,059.
Brieg, ci-devant principality, Silesia, bound
ed N. by the principality of Oels, NE. by the
principality of Ratibor, E. by the principality
of Oppeln, S. by the principalities of Niesse and
Munsterburg, W. by the principality of Schweid-
nitz, and NW. by the principality of Breslau ;
its form is irregular, about 36 miles in length,
and from 8 to 21 in breadth. The countiy is
fertile in corn, madder, and tobacco.
Brieg, city, Pru. Silesia, in Breslau, capital of
a circle, formerly capital of the principality to
which it gave name ; 24 SE. Breslau, 84 N. Ol
mutz. Lon. 17. 30. E. Lat. ,50. 48. N. Pop.
8,682. It is well fortified, and contains 4 sub
urbs, with several churches for Roman Catho
lics and Protestants, and has a gymnasium,
a public library, and a cloth manufacture. Pop.
of the circle 30,668.
Brieg, or Brigg, X. Switz., capital of a dixain,
in the Valais, on the Rhone ; 28 E. Sion. The
countiy about affords excellent pasture. About
a short league from the town are some warm
medicinal baths, said to be serviceable in rheu
matism and eruptions of the skin, but are not
much frequented.
Brieg, see Bregg.
Briel, or Brill, s-p. Neth., in S. Holland, at
the mouth of the Meuse, on N. side of the Isle
of Voorn, with a good harbour ; 24 W. Dort.
Lon. 4. 10. E. Lat. 51. 54. N. Pop. 3,170. It is
remarkable for being the place where the con
federates laid the foundation of the republic of
Holland in 1572.
Briena, X. Italy, in Milan ; 10 N. Como.
Briennac, X. France, in Upper Vienne ; 12 S.
Confolens. H. 380.
Brienne, X. France, in Aube ; 12 NW. Bar-
sur-Aube, 18 ENE. Troyes. Pop. 3,191.
Briennois, before the revolution, a small coun
try of France, in Burgundy, near the Loire, of
which Semur-en-Briennois was the capital.
Brienon, or Briesnon, X. France, in Yonne ;
6 W. St. Florentin.
Brientz, lake, Switz., in Berne ; 7 miles long,
and ]£ wide.
Brientz, X. Switz., Berne, famous for the cheese
made in its neighbourhood ; 22 SSE. Berne.
Brienza, t. Naples, in Principato Citra; 20
If. Policastro. Pop. 4,362.

Briescia, see Brsestz.
Briesnitz, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
near Naumburg.'
Briessnitzbach, r. Meissen, which runs into the
Rothewasser, 5 N. Lauenstein.
Brietenbach, X. Prussia ; 3 N. Schleusingen.
Brietzen, or Wrielzen, t. Pru., Brandenburg,
in Potsdam, near the Oder, with 2 churches ;
18 S. Custrin, 32 E. Berlin. Lon. 14. 11. E.
Lat. 52. 47. N. Pop. 3,845.
Bricul-sur-Bar, t. France, in Ardennes ; 9N.
Grandpre. Brieux, or Brix, ox Most, X. Bohemia, in Saatz;
13 N. Saatz, 40 NW. Prague. Lon. 13. 40. E.
Lat 50.30.N. Pop. 2,300. It contains 4 churches
and a gymnasium.
Briey, X. France, principal place of a district,
in Moselle ; 10 SW. ThiOnville, 12 NW. Metz.
Lon. 1. 6. W. Lat. 49. 15. N. Pop. 1,661.
Brig, see Brug.
Briga, (La,) X. Piedmont, in Tenda ; 2 SE.
Tenda, 22 NE. Nice. Pop. 2,895.
Brigeuil, X. France, in Vienne; 8 E. Mont-
morillon. Brigantia, now Bregentz.
Brigantine Inlet, a channel between Great
and Little Egg Harbour, on the coast of N. J.
Lon. 74. 26. W. Lat 39. 34. N.
Brigantinus, now Lake Constance.
Brigantio, now Briangon.
Brigantium, see Compostella and Betancos.
Brigg, see Glandford Brigg.
Brigham, v. Eng., in Cumberland ; 3 Cocker-
mouth. Pop. 277. «
Brighton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 4£ W.
Boston. Pop. in 1810, 608; in 1820, 702. It is
a pleasant town, and contains a number of ele
gant country seats. — A cattle fair was begun
here during the revolutionary war, and has
been increasing since the peace of 1783. Most
of the cattle for the supply of Boston market
are driven to this place ; often from 2, to 3,000,
and even 5,000, have come in one week ; and
sheep also in great numbers. — In 1816, the trus
tees of the Mass. Agricultural Society- Com
menced a Cattle Show and Exhibition of Do
mestic Manufactures, which is fixed at this
place, and a commodious house, 70 feet by 36,
has been erected, for the accommodation of the
trustees, and the exhibition of cloths, imple
ments of husbandly, Sic.
Brighton, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on E. side of
the Genesee, at the falls opposite to Rochester.
Pop. 1,972.
Brighton,X. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 738. Here are
an iron furnace and a forge, and valuable mills.
Brighton, or Brighthelmstone, s-p. Eng., Sus
sex, at the bottom of a bay formed by Beachy
head and Worthing point, in the English chan
nel ; 32 E. Chichester, 54 S. London. Lon. 0.
8. W. Lat. 50. 49. N. Pop. in 1801, 7,339 ; in
1811, 12,012. It is a place of considerable an
tiquity, but till recently was inhabited only by
a few families of fishermen. It has of late rap
idly increased, and is now one of the most
fashionable places of resort, particularly for
sea-bathing, in the kingdom, and during the
summer season the population is nearly doubled
by the resort of strangers.
It occupies an eminence gently declining to-

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wards a lawn, called the Steyne, which is fre
quented as a promenade. The houses are mostly
new, commodious, and elegant, many of them
specially adapted to the accommodation of
strangers. Baths, hot and cold, of fresh and
Salt water, and of vapour ; also baths after the
eastern fashion, are appropriated for the use of
both sexes. The sea-bathing is convenient. The
promenades and various places of amusement
render a residence here particularly agreeable.
An elegant mansion, called the Marine Pa
vilion, was erected, in 1784, for the prince of
Wales, near the northwest corner of the Steyne.
A handsome front extends 200 feet, with a cir
cular building in the centre, having a lofty
dome supported by pillars. Since its original
construction, it has been enlarged, and splen
didly decorated and furnished within.
Brightside Bierlow, X. Eng., near Sheffield, in
the West Riding of Yorkshire. Pop. 4,030.
Brigioswm, now Briou.
Briglia, X. Italy ; 17 NNW. Breno.
Brignais, t. France, in Rhone ; 6 S. Lyons.
Pop. 1,050.
Brigneuil VAine, X. France, in Charente ; 9
SE. Confolent. Pop. 2,064.
Brignola, X. Genoa ; 20 NE. Genoa.
Brignolles, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Var; 18 N. Toulon, 28 E. Aix. Lon. 6.
5. E. Lat. 43. 24. N. Pop. 5,460. It is celebrat-
ed.forits fruits, particularly the plums, which
take their name from it. The country is fertile,
and surrounded with mountains.
Brihuega, X. Spain, in New Castile, on the
Tajuna, containing 3 parishes ; 20 SSW. Sigu-
enca, 40 ENE. Madrid. Lon. 3. 10. W. Lat. 40.
40. N. Pop. 1,600. Its chief trade is in wool.
Brilan, see Fricdland.
Brillac, t. France, Charente ; 5 N. Confolent.
Brille, see Briel.
Brille Shoal, shoal in the E. Indian sea, near
the isle of Saleyer. Lon. 119. 30. E. Lat. 6. S.
Brilon, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg ; for
merly Hanseatic ; 30W.;Cassel, 70 NE. Cologne.
Lon. 8. 38. E. Lat. 51. 28. N. Pop. 2,603. It
contains a hospital, and a gymnasium. Cala
mine is found in the neighbourhood.
Brimfield, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 19 E.
Springfield, 70 WSW. Boston, W. 375. Pop.
1,612. Brimfield, (South,) p-t. Hampden co. Mass. ;
16 E. Springfield, W. 380. Pop. 683.
Brimness, cape on N. coast of Scotland. Lon.
3. 32. W. Lat. 58. 34. N.
Brinches, X. Portugal, Alentejo ; 15 W. Beja.
Brindisi, (an. Brundusium,) X. Naples, in
Otranto, at the entrance of the Adriatic ; 35
NW. Otranto, 180 E. Naples. Lon. 17. 40. E.
Lat. 40. 48. N. Pop. 5,390. Abp. see. It was
anciently large and flourishing, with a large
and safe harbour; the harbour is now choaked
up, and the city much reduced from its ancient
splendour ; the port was ruined by the Vene
tians, so that small barks can hardly enter. It
contains 2 churches and 2 convents. But few
remains of the ancient city are visible. Virgil
died here B. C. 19
Brvndle; X. England, in Lancashire ; 5 WSW.
Blackburn. Pop. 1,425.
Brinja, x. Hind., Baglana ; 12 NNW. Nassuk.

Briniales, now Brugnetto.
Brinjaun, t. India, in Travancore, on the
coast of Malabar ; 25 W. Travancore.
Brinke, X. Han. Osnabruck ; 16 SE. Osnabruck.
Brinkleysville, p-v. Halifax co. N. C. ; W.225.
Brinn, see Brunm.
Brinon les Allemans, X. France, in Nyevre ; 10
S. Clamecy. Pop. 1,000.
Brinon le Arch&v&que, X. France, in Yonne,
and chief place of a canton, in the district of
St Florentin ; 4 W. St. Florentin ; . 12 N. Aux
erre. Pop. 2,372.
Brins, X. Bohemia, Boleslaw ; 3 SSE. Gabl.
Brinstadt, X. Bavaria; 5 NE. Volckach.
Brion, X. France, in Two-Sevres ; 4 N.
Thouars. Brion, X. France, in Lozere; 9 WSW. St,
Chely d'Apcher.
Brion,_ X. Spain, Old Castile ; 8 NNE. Calzada.
Brioni, small isl. in the gulf of Venice, near
the coast of Istria ; 4 W. Pola. Lon. 13. 53. E.
Lat. 45. 3. N. This with Coseda and St. Giro-
lamo, two other small isles near, are called the
Brioni Isles. They belong to Austria, and have
been long celebrated for their marble quarries.
Brionne, X. France, in Eure ; 10 NNE. Ber-
nay, 12 SE- Pont-Audemur. Pop. 1,720.
Briord,X. France, in Ain ; 10 S. Belley.
Briostombos, or Brios-Tombos, X. France, in
Oise ; 10 N. Beauvais.
Briou, (an. Brigiosum,) t. France, Two Sev
res ; 6 SW. Melle, 13 SE. Niort. Pop. 864.
Brioude, t. France, and principal place of a
district, in Upper-Loire, on the Allier; 21 NNE.
St. Flour, 25 NW. le Puy. Lon. 3. 26. E. Lat.
45. 17. N. Pop. 5,486. Native, the Marquis de
La Fayette.
Brioude, Vielle, (an. Brivas, or Brivatum,) X.
France, in Upper-Loire ; 2 S. Brioude
Briouze, X. France, in Orne ; 12 NE. Dum-
front, 13 W. Argentan. Pop. 1,000.
Briquebec, X. France, in Channel ; 6 W. Va
lognes, 10 S. Cherburg. Pop. 4,000.
Briquenay, X. France, Ardennes ; 4 N. Grand-
pre. Briqueras, X. Piedmont ; 12 S. Pignerola.
Brisach, or Old Brisach, X. Baden, capital of
a district, on the Rhine ; 27 N. Bale, 15 WNW.
Freyburg.Pop. 2,514. It was formerly the cap
ital of Brisgau, and imperial, and was one of
the strongest towns in Europe, and from its
strength was denominated the citadel of Alsace,
the head of Germany, and the pillow of Aus-
stria. It has a gymnasium. The Rhine is pas*
sed here by a bridge of boats.
Brisach, (New,) t. France, in Upper-Rhine,
about a mile from W. side of the Rhine, oppo
site Old Brisach, fortified by M. Vauban ; 7
SE. Colmars, 27 N. Bale. Lon. 7. 37. E. Lat.
48.2. N. Pop. 1,682.
Brisago, X. Italy, on Lake Maggiora; 15 S.
Locarno. Brisau, or Brzezowa, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ;
20 W. Olmutz.
Brisello, see Bersello.
Brisentino, X. Naples, in Capitanata; 10 SW.
Manfredonia. Brisgau, extensive tract in SW. part of Sua-
bia, which has been in the possession of different
powers. In 1806 it was annexed to Baden, with

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the exception of Frickthal, or that part lying on
the left bank of the Rhine, which belongs to Swit
zerland, and a small portion in the NE., which
was given to Wurtemberg. In 1810 the Bris
gau lost its ancient form and privileges, and
was included in the circles Treisam and Kinzig.
Brisieh, or Breysich, t. Pru., Lower-Rhine ;
16 NNW. Coblentz. Pop. 1,080.
Brisighella, t. Italy, State of the Church, on
the Lamone ; 6 S. Faenza. It is a small well
1 built town, and has a great trade in silk.
Brisiguela, X. Italy, in Romagna ; 6 Faenza.
Bris(fc,t.Pru., Brandenburg ; 8 SSW. Beeskow.
Briskow, X. Pru.; Brandenburg ; 4 S. Franc-
fort on the Oder.
Brissac, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire; 7
SSE. Angers, 12 N. Vihiers. Pop. S77.
Brissarlhe, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;
12 N. by E. Angers. H. 190.
Bristol, p-t. Addison co. Vt. ; 25 WSW. Mont
pelier, W. 482. Pop. 1,051.
Bristol, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on E. side of
the Damariscotta, at its mouth ; 13 E. Wiscas
set, 180 NE. Boston, W. 609. Pop. 1,950. Here
is an academy.
Bristol, X. Grafton co., N. H. Pop. 675.
Bristol, co. S. part of Mass. ; bounded N. by
Norfolk co,, E. by Plymouth CO., S. by Buz
zard's bay, and W. Rhode Island. Pop. in 1810,
37,168 ; in 1820, 40,908. Chief towns, Taun
ton and New-Bedford.
Bristol, co. R. I. ; bounded N. and NE. by
Mass., E. by Mount Hope bay, and W. by Nar-
raganset bay. It contains the towns of Bristol,
Warren, and Barrington. Pop. in 1810, 5,072.
in 1820, 5,637. Chief town, Bristol.
Bristol, (Indian' names Pocanocket, and Sow-
am,) s-p. and cap. Bristol co. R.I., on the con
tinent ; 4 S. Warren, 15 S. Providence, 15 N.
Newport, 56 SSW. Boston, W. 424. Lon. 71.
12. W. Lat. 41. 38. N. Pop. in 1810, 2,693 ; in
1820, 3,197. It is a very pleasant town, finely
situated, and handsomely built, and has a safe
and commodious harbour, and is a place of
considerable trade. The shipping belonging
to this port in 1820, amounted to 10,701 tons.
The trade is chiefly to the West-Indies, and to
Europe. It contains a court house, a jail, a
market house, a masonic hall, 4 banks, an acad
emy, a public libraiy containing about 1,400
volumes, and 4 houses of public worship, 1
for Episcopalians, 1 for Congregafionalists, 1
for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. Great quan
tities of onions are raised here for exportation.
Mount Hope is in the NE. part of Bristol. See
Mount Hope.
Bristol, p-t. Hartfort co. Ct. ; 16 SW. Hart
ford, W 331. Pop. 1,362. Here are considera
ble manufactures, especially of clocks and tin
ware. Bristol, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. ; 10 SW. Ca-
nandaigua, W. 374. Pop. 2,429.
Bristol, bor. and p-t. Bucks co. Pa., on W.
bank of the Delaware, nearly opposite to Bur-
ington, N. J. ; 19£ NE. Philadelphia, W. 157.
Lon. 74. 53. W. La"t. 40. 6. N. Pop. 908; includ
ing the township, 2,073. It contains a market
house, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for
Presbyterians, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Metho
dists. It is a handsomely built village, pleasant

ly situated, and is the resort of much genteel
company in summer.
Bristol, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 313.
Bristol, X. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 1,257.
Bristol, X. Morgan co Ohio. Pop. 452.
Bristol, city, Eng., in the counties of Glou
cester and Somerset ; 117 W. London. Lon.
2. 35. W. Lat. 51. 27. N. Pop. 76,433. Bp. see.
It was called by the Britons the City of Oder in
Baden Valley, or Caer Brilo, and by the Sax
ons Brightstowe, or Bristowe. It is situated on
an elevated peninsula formed by the rivers
Frome and Avon, and was, till recently exceed-
edby Liverpool, the second city in Englandfor
wealth, trade, and population. The quay, es
teemed one of the finest in Europe, is one un
interrupted wharf of hewn stone, extending
nearly a mile along the inner shores of the
Frome and ]4von,from St. Giles to Bristolbridge.
At flood tides there is sufficient depth of water
for vessels of 1,000 tons to ride close to the
walls, and discharge their cargoes. The docks
are very extensive, and the harbour is capable
of accommodating 1,000 vessels. Bristol has
extensive commercial connexions with Ire
land, and has long carried on a great foreign
trade, chiefly with the West Indies.
The city is more than 7 miles in circuit, and
the surface occupied by it is computed at about
1,500 acres, over which the buildings are irre
gularly dispersed in about 600 streets and lanes.
Many of the houses in the older part are built
of wood and plaster, and are crowded together
in narrow and irregular streets ; but those of
more modern erection are of brick and stone,
and are disposed in spacious streets and squares.
It contains a cathedral, 17 chh., 5 chapels;
about 30 places of public worship for various
classes of dissenters ; is distinguished for its
numerous and well conducted charitable insti
tutions ; and has many fine public buildings. —
It has considerable manufactories of glass, su
gar, various kinds of metals, Sic Its brass works
are the most extensive in England. It has also
large distilleries. It returns two members to
parliament. Markets on Wednesday and Sa
turday. — Chatterton, the poet, was born here,
Nov. 22, 1752.
About a mile from the city is the village of
the Hot Wells, celebrated for a tepid spring, of
a temperature of between 72 and 76 degrees,
which has been found a powerful specific in
various maladies, but is more frequented by
the fashionable than the valetudinarian.
Bristol Bay, large bay in the N. Pacific ocean,
on W. coast of N. America, into which a large
river empties itself, of the same name. Lon.
157.33. W. Lat. 58. 12. N.
Bristol Bay, bay on NW. coast of Nova-Sco
tia. Lon. 63. W. Lat. 44. 42. N.
Bristol Channel, that part of the Atlantic
which lies between S. coast of Wales, and the
counties of Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall.
Brit, r. Eng., which runs into the sea; 2 S.
Bridport, in Dorsetshire.
BRITAIN, commonly called Great Britain,
the most considerable island in Europe, be
tween Lat. 50. and 58£. N., bounded N. by the
North sea, E. by the German ocean, S. by the
English channel, and W. by St. George's chan-

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nel and the Atlantic ocean. Length from N.
to S. 580 miles ; greatest breadth from North
Foreland in Kent, to Land's end in Cornwall,
about 370. In compass its three sides are found
to contain, allowing for the windings of the
coast, 1,800 miles. Sq. m. 87,502.
Great Britain is composed of England, Wales,
and Scotland. Ireland also and the islands ad
jacent form a part of the united kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland. The British possess
colonies in all quarters of the world ; in Eu
rope, Gibraltar, Malta, and Heligoland ; in Asia,
the whole peninsula of India from Cape Comorin
to about Lat. 23. N. ; the island of Ceylon, New-
Holland; and other islands in the Eastern and
Southern oceans ; in America, the Canadas,
New-Britain, Nova-Scotia, New-Brunswick,
Cape Breton, Newfoundland, the Burmudas, a
great part of the West Indies, and a part of
Guiana ; in Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, Sier-
raLeone, Bathurst, and the islands of St. Helena
and Mauritius. Pop. in 1811.
England,  9,538,827
Wales,  611,788
Scotland,  1,805,688
Army and Navy,  640,500 Pop.
Total in Great Britain,  12,596,803
Ireland, supposed,  5,000,000
Isle of Man, supposed,  30,000
Seilly islands,  2,358
Guernsey,  21,293
Jersey,  22,855
Alderney, Sic.  1,600
Malta, Gibraltar, and Heligoland,106,672

Total in Europe,... .17,781,581
Foreign Possessions.
{In N. America,  630,000
In the West Indies,760,000
In Guiana,  100,000
In Africa,  180,000
In Asia,  55,000,000

64,471,581
Great Britain in 1811.
Houses inhabited,  2,101,597
Families engaged chiefly in agriculture ,895 998
Families engaged chiefly in trade and
manufactures,  1,129,049
Other families,.:;.  519,168

Total families,....2,544,215
Males,  6,334,087
Females,  :  6,262,716

12,596,803
Debt. The national debt, was stated, in 1818,
at £1,106,759,615 sterling.
Revenue and expenditure. In 1816 the re
venue amounted to £61,755,153 sterling; in
1817, £51,728,757. Ih 1813 the expenditure
was £118,872,813. In theyearending'Jan. 1817,
the expenditure was £80,185,828, and the sum
raised by taxes the same year, was £66,579,520.
Army. The army in 1818, amounted to
115,486 men ; in Europe 65,126 men.
Navy. The British navy consisted in 1814, of

1022 vessels of war, of which 250 were of the
line, and manned with 140,000 seamen.
Shipping. The tonnage of the British em
pire in 1816, was 2,783,940 tons ; of England
2,162,968 ; of Scotland 263,536; of Ireland
63,229 tons.
Exports. The exports in 1816 amounted to
£60,983,894, of which goods to the amount of
£44,053,455 were of British produce or manu
facture. Banks. There are in the island between 700
800 banks, at the head of which is the bank of
England. Newspapers. No. in Great Britain in 1819,...21 1
London,  ,  63
Rest of England,  120
Scotland,  ;,..28
Ireland, about,,.....  :..70
Nobility. There are 5 orders of English nobili
ty, who have a hereditary seatinparliamentand
hereditary titles ; viz. 1. Dukes ; 2. Marquises ;
3. Earls ; 4. Viscounts ; 5. Barons. There are
also baronets, who have hereditary titles.
Government. The constitution of Great Britain
is a hereditary monarchy, in which the power
of the sovereign is controuled by the influence
of the aristocracy in the house of peers, and by
that of the democracy in the house of commons.
— The house of lords is composed, 1st, of all the
nobility of England who have attained the age
of 21 years, and who labour under no disqualifi
cation ;— number in 1820, 298 ; viz. 25
dukes, (7 of them royal dukes,), 17 marquises,
100 earls, 22 viscounts, and 133 barons ; — 21y,
of 16 representative peers from Scotland ; — 31y,
of 28 representative peers from Ireland ; and
41y of 32 spiritual lords, viz. the 2 English
archbishops and 24 bishops, and 5 representa
tive Irish bishops : total in 1820; 372.— -The
house of commons consists of 658 members
chosen by counties, cities, and boroughs ; 489
are chosen for England, 24 for Wales, 45 for
Scotland, and 100 for Ireland.
The ministry is composed of the first lord of
the treasury, the chancellor of the exchequer,
the 3 secretaries, of foreign affairs, of the home
department, and of war; the lord chancellor,
the president of the council, the treasurer of
the navy, the paymaster of the forces, the com
missioners of the treasury, and other persons of
high trust. The first lord of the treasury is
usually considered the premier, or prime minis
ter. It sometimes happens that the offices of
first lord of the treasury, and of chancel
lor of the exchequer, are held by the same
person. — See England, Scotland, fyc.
Britain, (Little;) t. Lancaster co. Pa. Fop,
1,700. It borders on Maryland.
Britain, (New,) X. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,082.
It is at the head waters of the Neshaminy.
Britain, (New;) vast country, N. A. lying
round Hudson's bay, north aifd north west of
Upper and Lower-Canada, comprehending Lab
rador, New North Wales, and New South
Wales ; attached to the government of Lower-
Canada, and belonging to Great Britain.
The face of the country is various. Oh the
south west of Hudson's bay, from Moose river
to Churchill's river, in some parts for the dis
tance of 600 miles inland, the country is flat.

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marshy, and wooded, in many parts, with
pines, birch, larch, and willows. North of
Churchill's river, and on the eastern coast, the
country is high, rocky, and barren, every where
past the efforts of cultivation ; covered with
masses of rock of amazing size, composed of
fruitless valleys and frightful mountains, some
of them of great height. The valleys are full
of lakes formed by rain and snow, and are co
vered with stinted trees, pines, fir, birch, and
cedar, or juniper. The mountains have here
and there a blighted shrub, or a little moss.
The climate is extremely severe, and in Lat.
60., on the coast, vegetation ceases.
The principal rivers are Mackenzie's river,
Copper-Mine river, Nelson's,Churchill's,Albany,
Moose, Seal, Severn, Rupert, and Pokerekesko.
The most considerable lakes are Winnipeg,
Slave kike, lake of the Hills, and Athapescow.
The principal article of trade is fur. The
trade is carried on by two companies ; the
Hudson's bay company and the North-West
company, who employ 4 ships and about 130
seamen, and have several forts, viz. Forts Prince
of Wales, Chippeyan, Alexandria, Churchill,
Albany, Nelson; Severn, Sic
The wild animals are numerous, such as
bears, beavers, deer, musquashes, Sic. The Es-
quimeaux Indians occupy the coasts of Labra
dor ; the interior is inhabited by various tribes
of a diminutive and miserable race. — The Mora
vians have missionary establishments in Labra
dor. Britain, (New,) isl. in the East-Indian sea,
seen by Dampier, Roggewein, and Carteret.
Lon. 148. 5. to 50. 55. E. Lat. 1. 30. to 6. 50. S.
What Dampier and Roggewein thought was
only one island, Capt. Carteret has since found
divided into two by a narrow channel, which he
sailed through, from SE. to NW., and gave the
name of New-Ireland to the most northern. The
coasts of New-Britain are high and mountain
ous, covered here and there with wood. The
inhabitants were of a dark copper colour, well
made, and hardy ; near the southern coast are
a number of smaller islands, among which is
one with a volcano.
Britannia, now Great Britain.
Britain's Bay, bay in the Potomac, on the
¦coast of Md. Lon. 76. 50. W. Lat. 38. 21. N.
Brittany, see Bretagne.
Britten, isl. in the Frozen ocean, near SW.
coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 55. 14. E. Lat. 71.
6. N.
Brilvin, cape on W. coast of Nova Zembla.
Lon. 52. 14. E. Lat. 74. 40. N.
Briva Isara, now Pontoise.
Brivas, now Biourde.
Brivates Portus, now Brest.
Brive, or Brives la Gallarde, X. France, and
principal place of a district, in Correze, in a
fertile valley, on the Correze ; 5 S. Uzerches,
Lon. 1. 36. E. Lat. 45. 10. N. Pop. 5,762.
Brivesac, X. France, in Correze ; 18 E. Brive.
Briviesca, see Birviesca.
Brivio, X. Aust. Italy, in Bergamo, on the
Adda; 10 NW. Bergamo, 18 NNE. Milan. In
1799 a battle was fought near this place be
tween the Austrians and the French, in which
the latter were defeated.
Brix, see Briex.

Brix, t. France, in Channel ; 5 W. Valognes.
Pop. 2,599.
Brixa, (Le,) see Lebrixa.
Brixellum, now Bersello.
Brixen, formerly a bishopric, now a princi
pality, Austria, in Tyrol, between Tyrol Proper
and Trent. Sq. m. 374. Pop. 26,800.
Brixen, (an. Brixenles, and Sublavio,) X. Aus
tria, in Tyrol, capital of a principality of the
same name ; 38 S. Innspruck, 39 NNE. Trent
Lon. 11.37. E. Lat. 46. 40. N. Pop. 3,800.
Bp. see. It is situated in a pleasant spot, on
the river Eysack, at its union with the Rienz.
Exclusive of the cathedral, there are one pa
rochial and 6 other churches, and 2 cloisters.
Brixenstadt, X. Bavaria, Lower-Maine; 16
ENE. Wurzburg, 23 WSW. Bamberg. Lon. 10.
22. E. Lat. 49. 52. N. Pop. 973.
Brixham, small s-p. Eng., on W. side of Tor-
bay, in Dev6n, celebrated for its fishery; 3NE.
Dartmouth. Pop. 4,341.
Brixia, now Brescia.
Brizembowrg, X. France, in Lower-Charente ;
7 NE. Saintes. H. 390.
Brizen, X. Pru., in Brandenburg; 12 N. Wit
tenberg. Bro, X. Sweden, Warmeland ; 22 SW. Carlstadt.
Bro, r. Prussia, which runs into the Vistula,
2 miles from Culm.
Broach, X. Hind., in Guzerat, capital of a dis
trict of the same name, on the Nerbuddah, about
22 miles above its mouth. Lon. 73. 6. E. Lat.
21. 41. N. At the period of the great famine,
in 1791, the number of houses in the district
immediately attached to Broach was 14,835,
and the inhabitants 80,922. Of these 21,295
died. The population of the town and environs,
in 1807, was estimated at 100,000.
Broadalbin, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y.; 10
N. of the Mohawk, W. 493. Pop. 2,428. There
are 2 meeting houses for Presbyterians, and 1
for Methodists in this town.
Broad Bay, bay on the coast of Maine. Loa.
65. 19. W. Lat. 43. 50. N.
Broad Bay, see Loch Tua.
Broad Creek, p-v. Queen Ann co. Md., W. 50.
Broad Creek, r. N. C, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 77. 26. W. Lat. 34. 42. N.
Broad Creek, r. Delaware, which runs into
Nanticoke, Lon. 75. 46. W. Lat. 38. 36. N.
Broad Creek, t. Md., which runs into the Po
tomac, Lon. 77. 9. W. Lat. 38. 50. N.
Broad Creek, hundred, in S. part of Sussex
co. Delaware. Pop. 2,599.
Broadfield, p-v. Westmoreland co. Va.; W.90.
Broadhead's Creek, r. Pa., which runs into the
Delaware, in N. part of Northampton co.
Broad-haven, bay of the Atlantic, on the W.
of Ireland, and NW. coast of the county of
Mayo. Lon. 10. 12. W. Lat. 54. 26. N.
Broad Inlet, channel between 2 small islands,
near the coast of N. Carolina. Lon. 77.57. W.
Lat. 34. 8. N.
Broad Kill,.p-t. and hundred, in Sussex co.
Delaware, on Delaware bay; W. 173. Pop.
2,731. Broad Kill, r. Delaware, which runs into
Delaware bay, Lon. 75. 19. W. Lat. 38. 50. N.
Broad River, r. or arm of the sea, S. C, be
tween Port Royal island and the main land,
Upon this river is Beaufort.

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Broad Bit'er, r. S. C, formed by the rivers
Enoree, Tyger, and Pacolet After a course of
40 miles it unites with the Saluda, a little above
Columbia, to form the Congaree.
Broad River, r. Georgia, which runs into the
Savannah, at Petersburg.
Broad Run, r. Va., which runs into the Poto
mac, Lon. 77. 30. W. Lat. 39. 9. N.
Broad Sound, inlet on N. coast of Holland, in
the bay of Inlets, SE. cape Palmerston.
Broad Stairs, v. Eng., Kent, close to the sea ;
2 N. Ramsgate, 75 E. London. Many people
of fashion frequent this place in the summer
season, for the benefit of air and sea-bathing.
Brobach, X. Pru., in Treves ; 15 SE. Treves.
Broc, (Le,) X. France, Var; 4 NNE. Venice,
6 N. St. Paul.
Brocavum, now Brougham.
Brocco, X. Naples, in Lavora; 5 W. Capua.
Brochdorf, v. Holstein, on the Elbe ; 6 Gluck-
stadt. Brockdrop, X. Holland; 6W. Krempe.
Brocket, or Brakel, X. Hanover, in Verden ; 5
E. Rotenburg.
Brock Graben, r. or canal in Hildesheim,
which runs into the Innersee, at Sarstede.
Bracken, or Brocksberg, mt Pru. Saxony, in
Magdeburg, district of Wernigerode, near the
borders of Hanover and Brunswick, the highest
summit of the Hartz, and one of the highest in
Germany. Lon. 10. 37. E. Lat. 61. 48. N. It is
much resorted to by travellers on account of its
natural curiosities. Towards the summit there
is a delightful inn, for the accommodation of
visitors. Height 3,455 or 3,690 feet. It contains
iron ore, and the summit is always covered
with snow.
Brockliagen, X. Pru., in Minden. Pop. 2,187.
Brocomagus, now Brumpt.
Brad, fortified town, Sclavonia, on the Save;
50 N. Bosna Serajo, 110 W. Belgrade. Lon. 18.
10. E. Lat. 45. 20. N. Pop 3,676. H. 600. It
is the capital of a military district, containing
63,848 inhabitants, and 662 square miles.
Brod Bohmisch, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 7
NW. Kaurzim, 18 E. Prague. Lon. 14. 56. E.
Lat. 50. 2. N. H. 140.
Brod, Teulsch, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau, on the
Sazava ; 20 SSE. Czaslau, 54 SE. Prague. Lon.
15. 30. E. Lat. 49. 36. N. H. 360.
Brod Ungarish, t Moravia, Hradisch ; 8 SE.
Hradisch. Lon. 17. 39. E. Lat. 49. 2. N. Pop.
3,000. Brode, see Pforten.
Brodenfeld, X. Sax. Vogtland ; 3 E. Oelsnitz.
Brodera, or Brodrah, t. Hind., in Guzerat,
celebrated for its beautiful linens, indigo, and
lace ; 22 SW. Champaneer, 55 SSE. Amedabad.
Lon. 73. 12. E. Lat. 22. 16. N.
Brodetz, t. Bohemia, in Bolt-slaw ; 5 S. Jung
Buntzlaw. Brodick, X. E. coast of Arran, (belonging to
the Scotch Hebrides,) in a bay to which it gives
name. Lon. 4. 51. W. Lat. 53. 39. N.
Brodnitza, (. Prussia, in Culm ; 30 E. Culm.
Brodow, X. Holstein ; 5 NE. Neustadt.
Brodra, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 30 NE. Kottah.
Brody, X. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, circle of
Zloczow ; 30 S. Lucko. Lon. 25. 28. E. Lat.
49. 50. N. Pop. 24,000 ; of whom 15,000 are
Vol. I. 32

Jews. H. 2,600. It contains a strong castle, 3
Greek' churches, 1 Catholic church, 1 syna
gogue, 2 high schools, 1 of which belongs to
the Jews. The houses are mostly of wood, and
meanly built. The inhabitants carry on an ex
tensive commerce.
Brodziec, X. Russ. Minsk ; 48 E. Minsk.
Broeck, t. Neth., in North Holland ; 3 W.
Monikedam. Pop. 752. It is remarkable for the
elegant neatness of the houses and streets,
whose inhabitants trade in cattle and corn.
Broglie, X. France, in Eure ; 6 S. Bernay, 6
SW. Beaumont le Roger.
Broglio, or Broil, X. Piedmont, in Nice ; 15
NE. Nice.
Brogne, X. Neth., Namur ; 10 WSW. Namur.
Brok, X. Poland, Masovia; 45 ESE. Warsaw.
Brojo Castro, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ; 22
ENE. Livadia.
Broie, r. Switz., which rises in Friburg, and
runs into the lake of Morat, near Avenches.
Broken Bay, bay on E. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 151. 27. E. Lat. 33. 34. S.
Broken Bay, or Bay of St. Antonio,hay on E.
coast of the island of Paraguay. Lon. 117. 51. E.
Lat. 8. 22. N.
Broken Island, isl. in the bay of Bengal, near
the coast of Ava. Lon. 94. 28. E. Lat. 16. 30. N.
Broken Island, small isl. in a bay on N. coast
of New Guinea. Lon. 135. 12. E. Lat. 2. 52. S.
Broken Islands, cluster of small islands in the
bay of Bengal, near the coast of Aracan. Lon.
92. 56. E. Lat. 19. 58. N.
Brokenslraw, X. Warren co. Pa. Pop. 902.
Brokenslraw Creek, p-v. Crawford co. Pa. ;
W.362. Brokenslraw Creek, i. Pa., which runs ESE.
into the Alleghany, about 8 W. Warren.
Brokry, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 8 SW. Bur-
hampour. Brolanda, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 20
S. Skara.
Brolo, fortress, Sicily, Deraona ; 7 W. Fati.
Bromangerland, small isl. in the North Sea,
near the coast of Norway. Lat. 61. 48. N.
Bromberg, X. Bavaria ; 3 W. Ebern.
Bromberg, or Bidgoschtsch, X. Pru. Posen, cap
ital of a government and circle of the same
name, on the Bro or Brahe ; 30 W. Thorn, 40
N. Inowroslaw. Pop. 4,764. It contains 1 Lu
theran and 2 Catholic churches, 3 convents, 3
hospitals, an academy, and a large public grana
ry. This town gives name to a canal, 20 miles
long, which connects the Bro with the Netze,
completing the communication between the
Vistula, the Oder, and the Elbe. — It is famous
for a treaty concluded there in 1657, between
the king of Poland and the elector of Branden
burg.— Pop. of the gov. 221,835. Sq. m. 4,452.
The soil is sandy, marshy, and unfruitful.
Brome, or Brohme, X. Hanover, in Luneburg,
on the Ohre ; 34 E. Zell. Pop. 403.
Bromham, X. Eng., in Wiltshire ; 4 NNW.
Devizes. Pop. 1,150.
Bromley, X. Somerset co. N, J. ; about 10 NW.
Boundbrook. Bromley, X. Eng., in Kent, on the river Ra-
vensburn ; 10 SSE. London. Lon. 0. 1. E. Lat.
61. 24. N. Pop. 2,966. Near the town is a
palace of the bishop of Rochester, to whom the

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BRO

manor belongs, where is a mineral spring.
Here is a college, with a handsome allowance
for twenty poor clergymen's widows. It has a
weekly market on Thursday.
Bromley Abbey, or Abbot's Bromley, or Pa-
gett's Bromley, X. Eng., in Stafford ; 13 E. Staf
ford, 128 NW. London. Pop. 800.
Brampton, flourishing village, Eng., in Kent,
near the Medway, where barracks are erected
for the marines stationed at Chatham, to which
place it joins ; 30 E. London.
Brampton, populous village, Eng., in Middle
sex, a little to the west of London. Here is an
extensive botanic garden.
Brompton, v. Eng., in the North Riding of
Yorkshire ; 14 N. New Malton. Pop. 435.
Bromsbro, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 12 Chris-
tianople. It is remarkable for a treaty made
there in the year 1645, between Sweden and
Denmark. Bromsgrove,X. Eng., in Worcester, on the river
Salwarp ; 12 NNE. Worcester, 114 WNW. Lon
don. Pop. 6,932. It is a borough town, and
sends two members to parliament. Here are
manufactures of worsted, linsey, linen, cloths,
fishhooks, needles, and nails. The market is
held on Tuesday.
Bromwich, (West,) X. Eng., in Staffordshire ;
7 SE. Wolverhampton. Pop. 7,485.
Bromyard, t. Eng., in Hereford, with a weekly
market on Monday ; 13 NNE. Hereford, 125
WNW. London. Pop. 1,101.
Bron, (Nieder, and. Ober,) two towns, France,
in Lower-Rhine ; 10 W. Haguenau.
Bronchorst, or Bronhorsl, X. Holland, in Zut
phen ; 5 N. Doesburg.
Brondaris, see Brandaris.
Brondolo, (an. Brondulus Partus,) X. Aust.
Italy, in S. part of the island of Chioggio, with
a harbour; 12 S.Venice. At present it is almost
decayed. Bronddragene, small isl. Denmark, in the Bal
tic, or rather 2 or 3 very narrow slips of land,
the whole not 3 miles long, near S. coast of the
island of Laland. Lon. 11. 27. E. Lat. 54. 37. N.
Broni, or Bronno, X. Piedmont ; 10 SW. Pavia.
Fop. 2,902.
Bronnikov, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ir
kutsk ; 28 N. Tobolsk.
Bronti, or Bronte, X. Sicily ; 28 W. Taormina.
Pop. 6,000. Lord Nelson was honoured by the
king of Naples with the title of duke of Bronti,
for his naval services to that crown.
Bronx Creek, r. N. Y., which runs into East-
River, in Westchester. Length 28 miles.
Bronzolo, X. Tyrol, on the Adige ; 5 S. Bol
zano. Brooke, co. NW. point of Va., bounded W.
and N. by the Ohio, E. by Pennsylvania, and
S. by Ohio co. ; W. 270. Pop. in 1810, 5,843 ;
slaves 332. Pop. in 1820, 6,631. Chief town,
Wellsburg. Brookfield, X. Orange co. Vt. ; 6 N. Randolph,
17 S. Montpelier. Pop. 1,507.
Brookfield, X. Strafford co. N. H. ; 31 NNW.
Portsmouth. Pop. 690.
Brookfield, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 18 W.
Worcester, 58 WSW. Boston, W. 396. Lon. 72.
7. W. Lat. 42. 13. N. Pop. 2,292. This is a
valuable township, and contains 2 parishes, in

each of which there is a pleasant village with a
post-office and a Congregational meetinghouse;
and in the east parish there is also a Baptist
meeting house, and in the west there is a print
ing office. The village of West Brookfield is 3
W. of the east parish ; W. 393.
Brookfield, (North,) X. Worcester co. Mass. ;
19 W. Worcester, 59 WSW. Boston. Pop. 1,095.
Brookfield, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. ; 6 NE. Dan-
bury, 33 NW. New Haven, W. 305. Pop. 1,159.
Brookfield, p-t. Madison co. N. Y., on the
Unadilla ; 22 S. Utica, 93 W. Albany, W. 348.
Pop. 4,240.
Brookfield, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. ; W. 525.
Brookfield, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio; 15 N.
Warren, W. 325. Pop. 524.
Brookhaven, p-t. Suffolk co. N. Y., on Long
Island ; 70 E. New York, W. 306: Pop. 5,218.
This is a very large township, extending from
one side of the island to the other, and con
taining 9 post offices, viz. Brookhaven, Sataulcet,
Stony Brook, Middtetown, Patchogue, Fire Place,
Forge, Drowned Meadow, and Moriches ; and 7
houses of public worship.
BrookHill, p-v.Montgomeryco.Ten.; W.82I.
Brookline, X. Windham co'. Vt. ; 40 S. Wind
sor. Pop. 391 .
Brookline, X. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 9 SSV\f.
Amherst, 65 WSW. Portsmouth. Pop. 592.
Brookline,'X. Norfolk co. Mass.; 4 WSW.Bos-
ton. Pop. in 1810, 784 ; in 1820, 900. It is a
pleasant town, connected with Boston by the
Mill-Dam bridge, and contains a number" of
elegant countiy seats.
Brooklyn, p-t and cap. Windham co. Ct., on
W. side of the Quinibaug ; 7 N. Canterbury, 30
W. Providence, 40 E. Hartford, W. 373. Pop.
in 1810, 1,200 ; in 1820, 1,264. This town was
established the seat of justice for the county of
Windham in 1820, and contains the county
buildings and a printing office. It is one of
the best grazing townships in the state.
Brooklyn, p-t. King's co. N. Y., on Long
Island, opposite to New York, from which it is
separated by East River, § of a mile over ; W.
228. Pop. in 1810, 4,402 ; in 1820, 7,175. The
village is elevated, pleasant, and flourishing. It
contains 2 market nouses, 2 printing offices, 3
houses of public worship ; 1 for Episcopalians,
1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Methodists ;
and has considerable manufactures and some
trade. The Wallabout, on NE. side of the vil
lage, includes a tract of land lying round a
small bay of the same name, and is the site of
the United States navy yard. — A bloody battle
was fought here August 27, 1776, between the
British and the Americans, in which the latter
were defeated.
Brooklyn, X. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, opposite to
Cleveland. Pop. 348.
Brooko, country, Africa, E. of Bambouk, and
N. Gadou. The river Senegal bounds it on NE.
and separates it from Fooladoo.
Brooks, X. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 318.
Brooksville, X. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 972.
Brdokville; p-t. Montgomery co. Md., on W.
side of the Patuxent ; W. 22.
Brookville, or Franklin, p-t. and cap. Frank
lin co. Indiana, on the White Water; 30 N.
Lawrenceburg, 42 NW. Cincinnati, W. 578. It

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Was laid out in 1811 ; isaveryflourishingtown,
finely situated, and contains a court house, a
a jail, a market house, a printing-office, and
about 100 houses, and has considerable trade.
Broome, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. ; 20 S. Scho
harie ; 32 WNW. Catskill, 35 W. by N. Hud
son, 35 WSW. Albany, W. 381. Pop. in 1810,
1,942 ;. in 1820, 2,680. The township is about
10 miles square, situated on the northern de
clivities of the Catskill mountains ; the surface
is diversified, but the soil generally fertile, and
well adapted to grazing.
Broome, co. S. part of N. Y. ; bounded N.
by Courtland and Chenango cos., E. by Che
nango and Delaware cos., S. by Pennsylvania,
and W. by Tioga co. Pop. in 1810, 8,130; in
1820, 14,343. Chief town, Chenango.
Broomridge, or Broomriggs, place of North
umberland, Eng.
Broons, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in North-Coasts; 10 SW. Dinan, 13 SE.
Mamballe. Lon. 2. 7. W. Lat. 48. 15. N. Pop.
2,001. Broos, or Bros, X. Transylvania, near the Ma-
rosch, SW. of Weissemburg. Lon. 13. 23. E.
Lat. 45. 41. N. Pop. 3,190.
Brootzi, X. Siberia ; 48 NW. Tqmsk.
Broozenkowa, X. Podolia ; 32 NE. Kaminiec.
Broquies, X. France, in Aveiron, on the Tarn ;
21 S. Rhodez.
Brora, _s-p. on E. coast of Scot., in Suther
land ; near it is a coal mine ; 12 NNE. Dor
noch. Lon. 3. 45. W. Lat. 58. N.
Brora, r. Scot, which passes through a lake
of the same name, in Sutherland, and runs into
the sea at Brora. The lake is 4 miles long.
Brore, r. Neth., which runs into the Meuse,
about 3 miles below Maestricht.
Broschan, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 4 S.
Leitmeritz. Broseley, X. Eng., in Shropshire, witb a mar
ket on Wednesday. Here are extensive iron
works, and a manufactory of pipes ; 6 NW.
Bridgnorth, 146 NW. London. Pop. 4,850.
Brosna, r. Ireland, which runs into- the Shan
non 3 miles above Branagher, in King's County.
Brosna, (Little,) r. Ireland, which runs into
the Shannon, 4 miles above Banagher.
Brossac, t. France, in Charente ; 10 SSE. Bar-
besieux. Pop. 1,020.
Brosselsheim, X. Bavaria ; 4 W. Volkach.
Broterode, X. Hesse-Cassel ; 3 N. Smalkalden.
Fop. 1,803.
Brother, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
between Yell and N. part of Mainland. Lon. 1.
33. W. Lat 60. 48. N.
Brothers, cluster of small islands, in the straits
of Babel-Mandeb. Lon. 43.19. E. Lat 12. 10, N,
Brothers, two small islands in the E. Indian
sea, about 36 miles from W. coast of Siam.
Lon. 98. 21. E. Lat. 7. 36. N.
Brothers, two small islands in the E. Indian sea;
18 S. Pulo Laut Lon. 116. IS. E. Lat 4.27. S.
Brothers, two small islands in the E. Indian
sea, near E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 106. 8. E.
Lat. 5. 8. S.
Brothers, cluster of small islands, near N. coast
of Java. Lon. 107, 12. E. Lat. 6. 36. S.
Brothers, (Seven,) islands in the Indian sea.
Lon. 60. 25. E. Lat. 3. 24. S.

Brothers, (Tliree,) see Time Brothers.
Brother's Island, small isl. in the bay of Hon
duras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 89. 28.
W. Lat. 16. 42. N.
Brother's Valley, X. Somerset co. Pa. Pop,
1,301. Brotherton, v. Eng., in the West Riding of
Yorkshire; 16 N. Doncaster, 178 N. London.
Pop. 1,325.
Brothick, r. Scot., which runs into the Ger
man sea, at Aberbrothick.
Broto, X. Spain, in Aragon; 18 E. Jaca.
Brou SI. Remain, X. France, in Eure-and-
Loir; 10 NW. Chateaudun, 18 SSW. Chartres.
Fop. 1,918.
Brouage, X. France, in Charente ; 6 SW.
Rochefort Pop. 798. Here are salt works.
Brouck, or Broug, see Brugg.
Brouelte, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa
bash. Brough, called also Burgh upon Stanmore, t.
Eng. in Westmoreland ; 6 SE. Appleby, 262 N.
London. Lon. 2. 24. W. Lat. 54. 32. N. Pop.
758. Here are the remains of a large castle,
and the ruins of a town, supposed to have been
named Vertera.
Brougham, v. Eng., in Westmoreland, sup
posed, by the number of antiquities found there,
to be on the site of the ancient Brocavum ; 2
S. Kendal. Pop. 164.
Broughton, y. Eng., 1 J Manchester. Pop. 825.
Brougliton inFurness, X. Eng., in Lancashire;
9 NNW. Ulverstone. Pop. 966.
Broughton, X. Eng., in Hants ; 2 SW. Stock-
bridge. Pop. 608.
Broughlon's Archipelago, extensive range of
islands, rocky islets, and rocks, in an arm of the
Pacific ocean, on W. coast of N. America. Lon.
232. 56. to 233. 40. E. Lat 50. 33. to 51. N.
Broughly Castle, castle, Scot., in Fife, on the
Tay ; 10 N. Cupar.
Brousse, X. France, in Fuy-dc-Dome ; 18 E.
Clermont. Brouvelieure, t. France, Vosges; 3 N.Bruyres.
Brow Head, cape on S. coast of Ireland, in
the county of Cork. Lon. 9. 39. W. Lat. 51.
23. N.
Browarshaven, s-p. Neth., in Zealand ; 5 S.
Goree, 8 SW. Helvoetsluys. Lon. 3.48. E. Lat.
51. 44. N. Pop. 690. It is situated on N. side
of the isle of Scouwen, opposite Goree. In
1426, a bloody battle was fought near this town,
between Philip, duke of Burgundy, and Hum
phrey duke of Gloucester, brother to Henry V.
king of England.
Brown, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 322.
Brawn, X. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 349.
Brown, X. Stark co. Ohio. pop. 365.
Brown, co. Michigan Territory. Pop. 952.
Brown, p-t. Hancock co. Maine ; W. 696.
Brown, co. Ohio, on the river Ohio, W. of
Adams co., formed in 1818. Pop. 13,356.
Brown Inlet, channel between two small isl
ands on the N. coast N. Carolina. Lon. 77. 30.
W. Lat. 34. 42. N.
Brownhelm, X. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 282.
Bvowned Key, small isl. in the bay of Hon
duras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88. 45. W.
Lat. 17. 30. N.
Brown's Passage, channel of N. Pacific ocean,

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252

BRLT

between Oundas' island, and Stephens' island,
entering easterly into Chatham sound.
Brownfield, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 28 SW.
Paris, 160 NNE. Boston, W.575. Pop. in 1810,
388 ; in 1820, 747.
Brownington, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 55 NNE.
Montpelier, W. 571. Pop. 236.
Brown's Corner, p-v. Kennebeck co. Maine ;
W. 618.
Brown's Cross Roads, p-v. Ross co. Ohio ;
W. 444.
Brownsburg, p-t. Rockbridge co. Va., on Hay's
creek; 12 NNE. Lexington, W. 193.
Brownsburg, p-v. Columbia co. Geo. ; W. 612.
Brownsburg, p-v. Washington co. Ten. ; W.
462. Brownstown, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Indi
ana ; 25 N. by E. Salem, W. 637.
Brown's Point, cape at S. extremity of Toba
go. Lon. 60. 40. W. Lat. 11. 10. N.
Brownsea Island, see Branksea.
Brownstown Head, cape on S. coast of Ire
land, in the county of Waterford. Lon. 7. 7. W.
Lat. 52. 7. N.
Brownsville, p-t. and bor. Fayette co. Pa., on
the Monongahela at the junction of Dunlap's
and Red Stone creeks ; 12 NW. Union, 25 SE.
Washington, 32 SSE. Pittsburg, 55 ESE. Wheel
ing, 210 NW. Baltimore, W. 215. Pop. 976 ;
and including the borough of Bridgeport, sepa
rated only by Dunlap's creek, 1,600. It is situ
ated at the point where the great Cumberland
road strikes the head of navigation of the Mo
nongahela ; and has long been a place of embar
kation for emigrants to the west. The town has
a picturesque site, built on the declivity of a
hill, and the most elevated houses being about
300 feet higher than those on the river. It con
tains a bank, a printing office, a masonic hall,
and 4 houses of public worship for Presbyteri
ans, Episcopalians, Quakers, and Methodists.
The town is built principally of brick and stone.
It is situated in a district of countiy abounding
in coal and iron ore, and contains various man
ufacturing establishments for the manufacture
of iron, glass, cotton, cards, nails, wire, flour,
&c. Salt water also abounds in the vicinity.
Brownsville, p-t and cap. Jackson co. Illinois,
on the Big Muddy river, 25 miles above its
junction with the Mississippi, 12 in a right line
E. of the Mississippi, 40 SSE. Kaskaskia, 120
S. Vandalia. It was laid out in 1817, and in
1821, contained a count-house and 25 houses.
It is situated in a tract of country very fertile,
and covered with wood. Here is a valuable
salt spring, and in the vicinity are great quan
tities of coal'. The river is navigable for boats
a little above the town. Vestiges of an old fur
nace and other remains of ancient salt-works
are to be seen.
Brownsville, p-v. Marlborough district, S. C. ;
W. 429.
Brownville, p-t Jefferson co. N. Y., at E. end
of lake Ontario ; 6 NW. Watertown, 180 NW.
Albany, W. 477. Pop. in 1810, 1,662 ; in 1820,
3,990. The village is situated on Black river,
8 miles from its mouth, and is a place of con
siderable business.
Broye, r. Switz., which rises in the Canton of
Friburg, crosses lake Morat, and runs into the
lake of Neufchatel, 2 N. Cudresin.

Brosas, t. Spain, in Estramadura. Pop. 2,500.
Brozo, t. Italy, in Brescia ; 5 N. Brescia.
Brozzo, t. Piedmont; 5 NW. Ivrea, 25 N.
Turin. Brseskie, Brsestz, see Brzesc.
Brsesnitz, X. Bohemia, in the Prachatitz; 5
N. Blatna.
Brsestz, or Bsresc, see Brzesc.
Brueca, X. Naples, in the Principato Citra ;
13 W. Policastro.
Bruce Hill, mt. Ireland, in Cavan ; 11 SSW.
Cavan. Bruch, or Broich, ancient castle, Ger, which
gives name to a signioiy in Berg, about 18 in
circ. ; 4 E. Duisburg.
Bruch, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 5
NNE. Nerac, 9 W. Agen. Pop. 1,068.
Bruche, r. France, which runs into the 111 at
Strasburg. Bruchausen, X. Han., in Hoya ; 5 W. Hoya.
Pop. 745. It is the capital of a district.
Bruchkobel, X. Ger. in Hanau ; ,2 N. Hanau.
Bruchsal, X. Baden, in Pfinz-and-Enz, on the
Salza; 11 SE. Spire, 15 S. Heidelberg. Lon. 8.
58. E. Lat. 49. 8. N. Pop. 5,916. It is a well
built town, and contains 7 churches, a castle, a
hospital, and an academy.
Bruek, t. Bavaria, in Rezat, on the Rednitz ;
17 NNW. Anspach. Pop. 1,050.
Bruck, or Brugg, X. Austria, on the Leyta ; 20
ESE. Vienna, 25 E. Baden. Lon. 16. 45. E.
Lat. 48. 2. N. H. 300. Asparagus grows with
out culture in the environs of the town.
Bruck, t. Pru. Brandenburg, in Postdam ; 10
SW. Potsdam, 21 N. Wittenberg. Lon. 12. 41.
E. Lat. 52. 52. N. Pop. 970.
Bruck, or Pruck, t. Bavaria, in Regen ; 18
NNE. Ratisbon. Pop. 809.
Bruck, see Brugg.
Bruck, t. Bavaria, on the Ammer; 8 W. Mu
nich. Pop. 923.
Bruck am Mnhr, (an. Muripons, or Bruga ad
Murum,) X. Upper Stiria, capital of a circle, on
the Muhr ; 18 N. Gratz, 70 SW. Vienna. Lon.
15. 8. E. Lat. 47. 25. N. Pop. 1,434.— Pop. of
the circle 68,091. H. 11,831. Sq. m. 1,495.
Bruck, see Pruck.
Brucken, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg, on
the Helme ; 4 SW. Sangerhausen. Pop. 630.
. Bruckeo, X. Thuringia ; 4 SW. Sangershausen.
Bruckenau, X. Hesse-Cassel, in Fulda; 14 S.
Fulda. Near it is a medicinal spring.
Bruckendorf X. Prussia ; 8 SE. Morungen.
Bruckhausen, (New,) X. Han., in Hoya ; 10 W.
Hoya. Pop. 429.
Brucklaw, t. Germany, in Reuss; 8 WNW.
Greitz. Bruda, t. Naples, which runs into the gulf of.
Squillace, Lon. 16. 50. E. Lat. 38. 27. N.
Brudnik, e. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
7 miles below Oppeln.
Brue, or Brew, r. Eng., which rises near Bra-
ton in Somersetshire, and crossing the county,
runs into the Bristol channel, 8 N. Bridgewater.
Bruegel, X. Guelderland ; 10 SE. Venlo.
Bruel, X. Ger., in Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 11
SE. Wismar. Lon. 11. 46. E. Lat. 53. 49. N.
Pop. 853.
Bruel, or Bruhl, t. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
in Cologne ; 6 S. Cologne. Pop. 1,885.

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Bruere, t. France, in Cher, on the Cher; 4.
NW. St. Amand, 18 S. Bourges.
Bruer's Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipelago,
of an oval form, and about 12 miles in circ.
Lat. 9. 28. N.
Brufifier, (La,) X. France, in Vendee ; 9 W.
Mortagne. Brug, or Brig, X. Switz., and principal place
of a district in the Valais, on E. side of the
Rhone ; 27 E. Sion. .
Bruga, X. Italy, Bergamasco ; 11 N. Bergamo.
Bruges, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 12
S. Pau, 13 SE. Oleron. Pop. 1,650.
Bruges, city, Neth., capital of West Flanders ;
12 E. Ostend, 21 W. Ghent. Lon. 3. 14. E.
Lat. 51. 13. N. Pop. in 1806, 32,990 ; in 1816,
45,000. Itisabout4 m. in circ, and advantage
ously situated in a plain, having, by means of
canals, a navigable communication with Ghent,
Ostend, Dunkirk, Nieuport, Furnes, Damme,
Sluys, Sic This city was in the 14th century
one of tbe greatest places of commerce in Eu
rope, From the year 1489 Bruges began to
decline, and Antwerp, so advantageously situ
ated on the banks of a considerable river, be
came its rival, and soon its superior. Having
a communication with the sea from Ostend, by
means of a navigable canal, it is yet a place of
considerable trade, with manufactures of stuffs,
linen, Sic. The streets, 260 in number, are in
general spacious, and the houses large but old ;
there are 7 gates and 6 grand markets, but they
have neither fountain nor river, the water
which supplies the city being brought from
Ghent, from the rivers Lys and Scheldt, by
means of pipes.
The principal buildings are the town-house,
the halls, the exchange, the lyceum, the mint,
Sic. At the end of the grand market is a fine
steeple, one of the most beautiful of the kind
in Europe, 533 steps in height, and furnished
with bells and chimes, which play a different
tune every quarter of an hour. There are sev
eral fine churches, but that, of Notre-Dame,
whose steeple is a sea mark to sailors coming
to Ostend, is the most beautiful.
Brugg, or Bruck, X. Switz, in Aargau, on the
Aar; 21 SE. Bale, 42 NNE. Berne. Pop. 1,500.
It is the birth place of J. G. Zimmerman.
Bruggen, t. Han., in Hildesheim, on E. side
of the Leine ; 12 SW. Hildesheim.
Bruggen, orBrucfc,t.Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
in Cleves, on the Schwalm ; 6 NE. Ruremond.
Pop. 1,809. On the 2d March 1793, a battle
was fought neat this town between the Prus
sians, under the command of prince Frederick
of Brunswick, and the French, in which the
latter were defeated, with the loss of 1,300
killed, and 700 prisoners.
Brughan, r. N. Wales, which runs in the
Severn, about 2 miles above Llanydlos, in
Montgomery. Brughat, X. France, in Allier; 7 E. Gannat
Brugnara, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 8 SSW. Torre.
Bruggnetto, (an. Briniates,) t. Genoa, at the
foot of the Apennines ; Bp. see ; 35 ESE. Ge
noa. Lon. 9. 33. E. Lat. 44. 17. N.
Bruguiere dit Dulac, (La,) t. France, Tarn;
4 S. Castres. Pop. 3,759.
Bruguieres, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 9
N. Toulouse.

Bruhl, see Bruel.
. Bruka, or Bruko, X. Africa, belonging to Ya-
ni, on S. coast of the Gambia ; 160 miles from
the, sea. Lon. 13. 49. W. Lat. 13. IS. N.
Bruksal, isl. Africa, in the Senegal, near the
mouth. Brullos, see Berelos.
Brulon, X. France, in Sarte ; 9 N. Sable, 10
W. Le Mans. Pop. 1,350.
Brumaih, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 6
SSW. Haguenau, 9 N. Strasburg. Pop. 2,671.
Brumau, X. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 21 E. Hra
disch. Lon. 18. 9. E. Lat. 49. 7. N: Pop. 1,173.
Brumbach, Kirch, or Braubach, citadel, Ger.,
in Wertheim 15 W. Wertheim.
Brumbach, Langen, X. Ger., in Hesse; 16N.
Erbach. Brumpt, (an. Brocomagus,) X. France, in Low
er-Rhine ; 8 N. Strasburg. Pop. 2,671.
Brun, X. Bav. ; 8 E. Neustadt.
Brunca, (La,) s-p. on W. coast of Sicily, at
entrance of gulf of Catania ; 16 S. Catania.
Brundrut, see Pozenlrui.
Brundusium, now Brindisi.
Bruneck, or Bruncgan, see Brauneck.
Brunenthal, X. Bavaria ; 2 NW. Hof.
Brunerstown, p-v: Jefferson co. Ken. ; W.
609. Pop. in 1810,92.
Brunei, small isl. near S. coast of Newfound
land, at the entrance into Fortune bay. Lon.
55. 4. W. Lat. 47. 15. N.
Brunelo, see Bmgneto.
Brunette, (La,) strong fortress, Piedmont,
near the town of Susa.
Bruniquel, t. France, in Lot; 24 SSE. Ca-
hors. Pop. 1,485.
Brunkkela, X. Finland ; 14 NNE. Abo.
Brunn, X. Austria ; 8 W. Ebenfurth.
Brunn, X. Austria ; 4 W. Horn.
Brunn, or Brno, or Brinn, city, capital of
Moravia, and of a circle to which it gives
name ; 32 SW. Olmutz, 100 SE. Prague, 156
SE. Dresden. Lon. 16. 35. E. Lat. 49. 12. N.
Pop. 25,349. H. 1,736. Bp. see. It contains
a citadel, 6 parish churches, 3 convents, 3 hos
pitals, a gymnasium, a Protestant school, and
a theatre. It is situated at the conflux of the
Schwatschaw and Surtawa, is the seat of the
government offices for the whole of Moravia,
and has manufactures of fine cloth, silk stuffs,
hair cloth, and soap ; and is the first commer
cial town in Moravia. It is defended by a
strong fortress called Spilberg, built on an emi
nence near the town, 816 feet high.
Brunn, circle, Moravia, bounded N. by Bo
hemia, E. by the circles of Olmutz and Hra
disch, S. by Austria, and W. by the circles of
Iglau and Znaym. In it aie many mines and
forges, medicinal springs, quarries of marble,
glass-houses, and alum works. Brunn is the
capital. Pop. 299,964. H. 51,862. Sq.m. 1,865.
Brunnen, t. Switz., in Schweitz, on the lake
of the Four Cantons, where the deputies of the
Catholic cantons assemble ; 2^ SW. Schweitz.
Brunn, X. Bav. ; 40 N. Bamberg.
Brunn, X. Bav. ; 2 E. Munerstatt.
Brunn, X. Bav. ; 3 E. Geroltzhofen.
Brunn,X. Italy, Alexandria; 9SW Alexandria,
Brudnslo, X. Sweden, in Jamtland, on an arm
of lake Storsio ; 9 SE. Ostersund.

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Brunnthal, see Freudenthdl.
Bruno, r. Tuscany, which runs into the lake
of Castiglione, near Buriano.
Brunoy, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 6 N.
Corbeil. Brunsberg, X. Pru., in Westphalia, belonging
to the abbey of Corvey ; 4 WNW. Hochster.
Brunsbuttel, X. Holstein, on N. side of the
Elbe ; 10 NW. Gluckstadt, 40 NW. Hamburg.
H. 80.
Brunshausen, fort, Han., on S. side of the
Elbe, on the coast of Bremen, where ships
sailing up the river are obliged to stop and give
an account of their lading ; 6 N. Stade.
Brunskog, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 20 NW.
Carlstadt. Brunsberg, see Braunsberg.
Brunstatt, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 7 N.
Altkirch. Brunswick, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on S.
side of the Androscoggin, opposite to Tops-
ham, with which it is connected by a bridge ;
7 W. Bath, 26 NE. Portland, 141 NNE. Boston,
W. 581. Lon. 69. 55. W. Lat. 43. 53. N. Pop.
in 1810, 2,682; in 1820, 2,931. It is a pleas
ant and flourishing town, and contains a col
lege, a Congregational and a Baptist meeting
house, a printing office, and about 15 trading
stores. The falls of the Androscoggin at this
place afford water privileges, which are among
the best in the countiy. Here are a cotton
and a woollen manufactory, and a number of
valuable mills. Logs have been floated down
the river to this place even from New Ham-
shire.— Beautiful emeralds are foundin thistown.
Bowdoin College, which takes its name from
governor Bowdoin, its principal founder, was
incorporated in 1794, and organized in 1802.
It is a respectable and flourishing institution,
having a very healthy and pleasant situation
on an elevated plain, about £ mile from the
Androscoggin, commanding a view of the vil
lage, and of Topsham. The college build
ings are a president's house, a chapel, Massa
chusetts Hall, a brick building 50 feet by 40;
and a brick edifice 100 feet long, of 4 stories,
containing 32 rooms. [This edifice was burnt
March 4, 1822, but by means of funds contribut
ed by friends of the college, it is to be imme
diately rebuilt] Another brick edifice of the
same dimensions, is also to be erected during
the present year (1822J. The college has a
valuable library of between 5, and 6,000 vol
umes, an excellent philosophical, and a chem
ical apparatus, a cabinet of minerals consisting
of several thousand specimens, and a collec
tion of 70 pieces of valuable paintings by Ru
bens, Vandyke, and other masters.
The legislative government is entrusted to a
board of 25 trustees and 60 overseers. The
executive government, exclusively of the medi
cal department, is composed of a president, 2
professsors, one of mathematics, natural phi
losophy, chemistry, and mineralogy, and one
of languages ; and two tutors. The number
of undergraduates, in 1822, was US.— Com
mencement is held on the Wednesday preced
ing the last Wednesday in August. There are
3 vacations; the 1st, from commencement 4
weeks ; the 2d, from the Wednesday before"

the last Wednesday in December, 7 weeks ;
the 3d, from the 2d Wednesday in May, 2
weeks. The Medical School of Maine, which is con
nected with the college, first went into ope
ration in 1821. The number of medical stu
dents, in 1822, was forty-nine. There are 3
professors ; more are contemplated. The lec
tures commence about the middle of Februa
ry and continue 3 months. From the means
which this institution possesses, it will be able
in a few years to afford great advantages to
students. — In 1820 the state legislature passed
an act granting for ten years $3,000 annually to
the college, and $1,000 to the medical school.
Brunswick, X. Essex co. Vt., on the Connecti
cut ; 65 NE. Montpelier. Pop. 124.
Brunsioick, X. Rensselaer co. N. Y. ; 6 E. Troy,
Pop. 2,318.
Brunswick, X. Schuylkill co. Pa. Pop. 1,984.
Brunswick, co. S. side of Va. ; bounded N.
by Dinwiddie and Sussex co., E. by Greens
ville cov, S. by North Carolina, and W. by
Mecklenburg and Lunenburg co. Pop. in 1810,
15,411 ; slaves, 9,368. Pop. in 1820, 16,687.
Brunswick, co. SE. part of N. C. Pop. in
1810, 4,778 ; slaves 2,254. Pop. in 1820, 5;480:
Chief town, Smithville.
Brunsioick, X. Brunswick co. N. C, on W.
side of cape Fear river ; 67 SW. Wilmington.
"Brunswick, s-p. and capital, Glynn co. Geor
gia, at the mouth of Turtle river ; 95 SSW. Sa
vannah, W. 747. Lon. 80. 10. W. Lai. 31. 10.
N. Its harbour is excellent, but it is a small
place. The shipping owned here, in 1816,
amounted to 1,016 tons.
Brunsioick, (New,) city, N. J., partly in Mid
dlesex and partly in Somerset co., on SW, side
of the Raritan, 17 miles by the course of the
river above Raritan bay, 12 W. Amboy, 16 NE.
Princeton, 33 SW. New-York, 56 NE. Phila
delphia, W. 194. Lon. 74. 23. W. Lat. 40. 30.
N. Pop. in 1810, 3,042; including fhe'town-
ship, 6,312; in 1820, 6,764. Dwelling houses
in the city in 1810, 375 ; in 1818, 520. It con
tains a court house, a jail, a market house, 2
banks, a college, a theological seminary, and 5
houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians,
1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for
Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. A considerable
part of the town is situated rather low, but it
is accounted healthy, and has considerable
trade. The exports consist chiefly in grain.
The Raritan is navigable as far as this place for
sloops of 80 tons. Here is a bridge across the
river. Queen's College was founded in this place by
the ministers of the Dutch Reformed church,
in 1770. The building is a handsome and spa
cious stone edifice, 3 stories high, but is yet
unfinished. The exercises of this college, how
ever, have, for some time past, been suspended,
but a grammar school is now kept in the col
lege edifice ; the building has also been grant
ed by the trustees of the college (to be resum
ed at their option) to accommodate a theologi
cal seminary of the Dutch church, which was
established here in 1811. It has 2 professors, 1
of didactic theology, and of ecclesiastical his
tory and pastoral theology; and in 1818, 16

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students. The libraiy contains 7, or 800 vol
umes. The mode of instruction is by lectures.
The lectures commence early in Noyeniher and
end the latter part of May.' The course of edu
cation in this seminary embraces the lectures
for 3 years.
Brunswick, X. Medina co. Ohjo. Pop. 172,
Brunswick, duchy, Ger., in Lower Saxony,
surrounded by the Prussian dominions and
Hanover. The territories are irregular and
scattered. The rivers are the Weser, Ocker,
Leine, and ffmenau. Sq. m. 1,520. Pop.
209,275, of whom 205,262 are Lutherans, 1,046
Calvihists, '2,072 Catholics, 99 Moravians, and
1,048 Jews. H. 26,724. Towns 12. Chief
towns, Brunswick, the capital, Wolfenbuttel,
Helrristadt, Halzminden,' Blankenburg, Gan-
dershcim, and Konigslutter.
The' climate is temperate, the soil in the nor
thern part particularly, is fertile, producing
grain, pulse,' fruits, "flax, hops, tobacco, Sic.
There are several mines, mineral springs, and
large forests, with an abundance of game.
The house of Brunswick is one of the oldest
in Germany. In the 16th century duke Ernest
of Zell united the possessions of the house of
Brunswick, which had been divided into sever
al independent states, under one head; but af
ter his death' they were divided again, his eld
est son, Henry, founding the duchy of Bruns-
wick-Wolfenbuttel, and his youngest son, Wil
liam, that of Brunswick-Lunebui'g. The former
is styled the diichy of Brunswick; the latter
forms the basis of the kingdom of Hanover.
Brunswick, city, Geri, capital of the duchy
of the same name, and residence of the duke,
situated oh the Ocker; 7 N. Wolfenbuttel, 47
WNW. "Magdeburg. Lon. 10. 30. E. Lat. 52.
16. N. Pop, 29,050. H. 3,1S2. ' The form is
nearly square, and measures 2 miles in circum
ference ; it contains 5 or 6 squares, and a num
ber of handsome buildings, among which are
the town-house, 9 Lutheran chh., 1 Calvinist,
1 Catholic, a synagogue, 2 gymnasia, an opera-
house, a theatre, a custom-house, and the cele
brated Collegium Carolinum, with 20professors,
founded in 1745, and affords instruction in the
languages, arts, and sciences, and has a well
furnished libraiy. — Brunswick was formerly one
of the Hanse towns, and governed as a republic.
Two great fairs, which rank next to those of
Leipsic and Franckfort, are held here annual
ly, pne in winter, the other in summer, and
both continuing 18 days. The summer fair be
gins on the Monday after St. Lawrence's day;
and the winter fair on' the Monday ' after Can
dlemas. The trade is not however confined to
the two fairs, for the traffic for flax and yarn is at
all times very great; and the hops growing in
the neighbourhood are a source of great riches.
Natives, Meibom, Henke, Sic
Brunswick, (New,) one of the four British
provinces of N. A., bounded N. by Lower Can
ada and Chaleur bay, S,. by Nova Scotia and
the bay of Fundy, and W. by Maine ; about
200 miles rbng,'and 160 broad. Pop. estimated
a few years since at 60,000. The chief towns,
are Fredericktown, the capital, St. John's and
St. Andrew's. The principal rivers are the St
John's, BJagegadayick, Dicw'asset, St. Croix,

Merimichi, Petitcodiac, and Memrauicoak,
The bays are bay of Fundy, Passamaquoddy,
Chignecto, and Chaleur.
The St. John's, which is much the largest ri
ver, opens into a vast extent of fine country,
on which are rich meadow lands, most of
which are settled. The upland is generally
well timbered. Near the margin of the numer
ous rivers, creeks, and lakes, the country is for
the most part covered with inexhaustible for
ests of pine, spruce, hemlock, birch, maple, elm,
fir, and other timber, proper for masts of any
size, lumber, and ship-building. The sea-coast
abounds with cod and scale fish, and immense
shoals of herring, shad, and salmon, annually
enter its rivers. In the interior the lands are
generally excellent, and productive where cul
tivated, but great advances have not yet been
made in agriculture. The principal expoits
are lumber and fish ; also horses, salted provis
ions, and butter.
Brunswick-House, settlement, on Moose, ri
ver, in Canada. Lon. 83. 31. W. Lat 50. 13. N.
Brunusee, X. Stiria ; 12 W. Rackesburg.
Bruny's Island, on SE. coast of Van Diemen's
Land, about 30 miles long, of very irregular fig
ure, and penetrated on the east, almost to the
centre by Adventure bay. It is thinly peopled
by savage tribes, similar to those of Van Dier
men's Land. Lon. 147. 29. E. Lat 43. 21. S,
Bruree, v. Ireland, in Limerick ; 15 S. Lim
erick. It is remarkable for a meeting of the
Irish bards half yearly, and which continued as
late as 1746.
Brusa, see Bursa.
Brusch, r. France, which runs into the, Rhine
at Strasburg. By means of sluices it forms a
canal from Molsheim.
Bruschio, t Switz., in the Upper Engadine ; 3
N. Tirano.
Brush Creek, X. Muskingum co., Ohio. Fori.
699. '
Brush Creek, X. Scioto co., Ohio. Pop. 288.
Brush. Creek, r. Ohio, which rises in Highland
co., and flows through Adams co. into the Ohio.
Large quantities of iron ore are found near this
river, and several iron works and furnaces have
been erected upon it.
Brusegana,X. Italy ; Padua; 4 WNW. Padua.
Brusinskoi, isl. Russia, in lake Onezkoe ; 40
SE. Petrovad'skoi.
Bruskau, X. Podolia ; 48 NNW. Braclaw.
Bruson, t Italy, Padua ; 9 ENE. Padua.
Brusque, X. France, Aveiron ; 12 S. St'. Afriqne.
Brusquet, (Le,) X France, Lower-Alps, chief.
! place of a canton, in Digne; 5 NE. Digne.
; Brussels, or Bruxelles, city, Neth., capital of
South Brabant, situated partly on a plain and
partly on a hill, at the foot of which flows the
river Senne ; 23 S. Antwerp, 26 SE. Ghent, 155
NNE. Paris. Lon. 4. 22. E. Lat. 50. 51. N.
Pop. in 1814, 75,086, and in 1816, upwards of
80,000. H. 9,500.
Brussels is the second city in size in the
Netherlands after Amsterdam^ the capital of the
southern provinces, one of the residences of the
king, and one of the most elegant and splendid
cities in Europe. It was formerly surrounded
by a double wall and ditch, but these were
destroyed by the emperor Joseph II The

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BUA

ramparts were planted with rows of trees, and
now form most beautiful walks around the ci
ty; its circumference is 7 miles, and it has 7
gates. The lower part of the town is irregular
and somewhat unhealthy ; but the more mo
dern streets which are built in the other part,
are wide and straight ; the private houses lofty
and elegant, and the public structures magnifi
cent The city contains 7 parish chh., 8 pub
lic squares, an athenasum, or university, a royal
college, an academy of sciences, a school
of medicine, a botanic garden containing
more than 4,000 exotics, an extensive col
lection of paintings, a cabinet of natural histo
ry, and a public library of about 100,000 vols.
The great market place is a regular parallel
ogram, and has on each side a succession of
elegant buildings. Among the magnificent edi
fices of the city are the Hotel de Ville, the
church of St. Gudule, the chapel of Notre
Dame, the church of the Capuchins, and the ope
ra house. There are many mansions or palaces
of noblemen, and 20 fountains, embellished
with sculptures. The Hotel de Ville is a
handsome gothic edifice, completed in L 1442,
having a turret 364 feet in height surmounted
with a gigantic figure of St. Michael in copper,
gilt, 17 feet high, which turns with the wind.
But the chief ornaments of Brussels are its pub
lic walks ; no city in Europe possesses one su
perior to that called the Green Alley, or to
that styled the Park, which is a great interior
square, and a kind of public garden, intersected
by beautiful alleys bordered with trees, and
surrounded on its 4 sides with elegant build
ings. The palace formerly occupied by the
governor of the Austrian Netherlands was
burnt in 1813 ; and in 1817 it was decreed that
a new palace should be built for the king of the
Netherlands at the expense of between 3 and 4
millions of florins. — No city in Europe, except
Naples and Genoa, makes a finer appearance at
a distance. The manufactures of Brussels are celebrated
throughout Europe, particularly its lace, cam
lets, carpets, and carriages ; the first alone em
ploys 10,000 individuals. It carries on consid
erable trade not only with the interior of the
Netherlands, but with foreign countries, by
means of canals, which bring it into communi
cation with the Scheldt, the principal one lead
ing to Antwerp. — Natives, Champagne, Meulen,
and Helmont.
BnissoM>,t Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam ; 12
NE. Prenzlow. Lon. 14. 10. E. Lat. 53. 27. N.
Pop. 735.
Bruszilow, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 46 W. Kiev.
Pop. 2,286.
Bruting Bay, bay on N. coast of the island
ofFitlar. Lon, 1. 4. W. Lat. 69. 59. N.
Bruion, or Brewton, t. Eng., in Somerset, on
the river Brew, near its head; 12 SW. Frome,
117 W. London. Pop. 1,536. The principal
manufactures are hosiery and silk throwing.
Brutlium, now Calabria, Citra and Ultra.
Brutus, p-t. Cayuga co., N. Y. ; 5 N. Au
burn, 175 NW. Albany, W. 400. Pop. in 1810,
2,030 ; in 1820, 3,579. It is a very good agri
cultural town. Excellent limestone and gyp
sum are found here.

Brulz, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine; 6 S.
Rennes. Brux, see Briex.
Bruye, or Bruga, isl. in the bay of Bengal,
near the mouth of the Ava; 24 miles long, and
9 broad. Lon. 97. 37. E. Lat. 16. 15. N.
Bruyeres, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Vosges; 10 WSW. St. Diey, 11 E.
Epinal. Lon. 6. 47. E. Lat. 48. 13. N. Pop.
1,911. Bruyires sur Laon, t. France, in Aisne; 3 SE.
Laon. Bryan, co., E. part of Georgia; W. 672. Pop.
in 1810, 2,827; slaves, 2,264. Pop. in 1820,
3,021. Bryant's Cross Roads, p-v. Northampton co.,
N. C. ; W. 325
Bryant's Lick, SE. branch of Green River,
Kentucky. ' Bryar Creek, X. Northumberland co., Pa., on
E. side of the Susquehanna.
Brzedlow, see Luntenburg.
Brzesc, Brsestz, or Bsresc, X. Russia, in Grod
no, capital of a circle, formerly capital of a pa
latinate in Lithuania, on the Bug ; 100 E. War
saw, 196 NE. Cracow. Lon. 23. 30. E. Lat.
52.5. N. Pop. 4,000. Greek bp. see. It is ill
built ; surrounded with walls, defended by a
castle built on a sharp rock, and contains a
Jewish seminary and a celebrated synagogue,
said to be the largest in Europe. It has some
trade in corn, fur, hemp, flax, and honey. — A
decisive battle was fought near this town, Oct.
1794, between the Russians and Poles ; the lat
ter being defeated.
Brzesc, or Brseskie, X. Poland, in Podlachia ;
80 WNW. Warsaw, 100 S. Dantzic. Lon. 18.
56. E. Lat. 52. 30. N. Pop. 853.
Brzeznice, or Breznilz, X. Bohemia, in Pra-
chim; 33 in. Prachim, 36 SSW. Prague. Lon.
13. 56. E. Lat. 49. 24. N. Pop. 1,008.
Brzesnice, X. Poland, in Kalisch, on the War-
tha. Pop. 650.
Brzesno, X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 5 E. Jung
Buntzlau. H. 61.
Brzezany, t. Aust. Galicia, capital of a circle
of the same name. Lon. 24. 41. E. Lat. 49. 30.
N. Po{k4,377.
Brzezmy, TTFoland, on the Filica ; 48 SE.
Lenczicz. Pop. 1,450.
Brzistew, X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw; 11 SE.
Jung Buntzlau.
Brzosteck, X. Poland ; 56 SSW. Sandomirz.
Brzysycze, see Brseskie.
Brsua, r. Poland, which runs into the Vistula, ,
12 E. Plockzko.
Bu, X. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 6 NE.
Dreux. Pop. 1,465.
Bua, or the Isle of Partridges, (an. Bubus,)
small isl. in N. part of the Adriatic near the
coast of Dalmatia, joined to the town of Trau
by a bridge ; 20 WNW. Spalatro. Lon. 16. 30-
E. Lat. 43. 20. N.
Buache, r. America, which rises in NW. ter
ritory of the U. S., and runs into the Detroit,
Lon. 82. 43. W. Lat. 42. 38. N.
Buali, see Laongo.
Buamachucha, X. Peru, in Caxamarquilla,
chiefly inhabited by Indians.
Buanes, t. Fraace, Landes ; 6 W. Aire. H, 220.

BUC

357

BUC

Buarcos, or Buargas, t. Portugal, on the sea
coast, in Beira, at the mouth of the Mondego ;
13 S. Montemor o Velho, 21 SW. Coimbra.
H. 200.
Buarid, small isl. in the Red sea, near the
coast of Arabia ; 4 W. Loheia.
Bub, or Bohmisch Aycha, t. Bohemia, Boles
law ; 16 N. Jung Buntzlau. Lon. 15. 4. E.
Lat. 50. 38. N.
Bubaker, t. Africa, Ludamar ; 20 N. Benown.
Bubastus, or Bubastum, now Bishbesh.
Bubean, isl. in the Persian Gulf; 30 miles
from the mouth of the Euphrates. Lon. 47. 40.
E. Lat. 29. 53. N.
Bubereznovskoi, X. Russian Tartary, on the Zu-
lux ; 32 N. Arkad inskaia.
Bublitz, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Coslin ; 4 SE.
Coslin, 56 ENE. Stargard. Lon. 16. 32. E.
Lat. 53. 52. N. Pop. 1,440.
Bubry, X. France, in Morbihan; 10 NNE.
Hennebon. Bucalena, X S. A. in Chili, near the mouth of
the Rapel ; 60 S. Valparaiso.
Buccardee, X. Bengal ; 5 S. Bissunpour.
Buccari, or Boccari, or Bukari, or Buchari, X.
Austlllyria, in Fiume ; 6 E. Fiume, 22 NNW.
Segna. Lon. 14. 50. E. Lat. 45. 37. N. Pop.
1,807. It is situated on NE. part of the Adria
tic, and has a capacious harbour, with a castle,
and a thriving fishery.
Buccaritz, X. Morlachia ; 6 SE. Buccari.
Buccheri, X. Sicily, Noto ; 20 NW. Syracuse.
Bucciorserai, X. Hind. Dooab; 18 SE. Etaya.
Buccalemu, lake, in Chili, N. of the Rapel.
Bucellas, t. Portugal, in Estramadura; 14 N.
Lisbon. Bueeni, X. Moldavia ; 38 NNW. Galatz.
Bucephala, ancient city, India, on the Hy-
daspes, near the modern Attock.
Buch, X. Bavaria; 2 S. Bamberg.
Buch, X. Bavaria ; 3 W. Hasfurt
Buch, X. Bavaria ; 3 WNW. Hof.
Buch, or Buchow, X. Pru., in Brandenburg, on
the Elbe ; 7 S. Stendal.
Buchan, district, Scot., in NE. part of the
county of Aberdeen.
Buchan Ness, the most E. point of land of
Scot, in the county of Aberdeen. Lon. 1. 43.
W. Lat. 57. 29. N.
Buchan, (Butlers of) great hollows in a rock
projecting into the sea, on E. coast of Scot
land, open at the top, and perforated by three
ways of entrance, 30 fathoms deep, and about
50 fathoms in diameter ; fishing boats enter
here without apprehension; 30 NNE. Aber
deen. Bucharest, city, Eu. Turkey, capital of Wa
lachia, on the Dumbrowitza, about 40 N. of the
Danube, 60 NW. by W. Silistria, 250 NNW.
Constantinople. Lon. 26. 8. E. Lat. 44. 27. N.
Pop. stated from 46, to 70,000. Greek abp. see.
It is the residence of the hospodar or prince, 3
miles long, and 2 broad, partly fortified. The
houses are mostly miserable clay huts, and the
streets are paved with logs ; yet there are sev
eral stately edifices of stone, among which are
the hotels of the Austrian and Russian ambassa
dors, and the houses of some of the nobles. The
inhabitants are Walachians, Gipsies, Greeks, Ar
menians, and Jews. The prevailing religion is
Vol. I. 33

the Greek. There are said to be 60 Greek
churches and chapels, and 30 convents. The
surrounding country is level, fruitful, and well
cultivated ; and the trade of the town consists
in the natural productions of the country, such
as corn, wine, tobacco, oxen, sheep, honey,
wax, wool, tallow, skins, and manufactures
from Russia, Austria, and the south of Turkey.
— Here are various classical schools, and a res
pectable Greek college, which had in 1810, 12
teachers and 244 students. — This City' was vi
sited by an earthquake, in 1821, when 1,400
houses were said to have been thrown down.
Bucharia, see Bukharia.
Buchau, X. Wurt, capital of a district, on the
Feder lake ; 23 SSE. Stuttgart, 24 SW. Ulm.
Lon. 9. 88. E Lat. 48. 6. N. Pop. 1,216.
Buchp,u, X. Bohemia, in Elnbogen ; 6 ESE.
Carlsbad, 52 W. Prague. Lon. 13. 5. E. Eat.
50. 8. N. H. 205.
Buchen, X. Baden ; 22 E. Heidelberg. Pop.
2,138. Buchenau, t. Hesse Cassel, Hersfeld. Pop. 603.
Buchenhach, t. Bav. ; 9 E. Gofzweinstein.
Buchenberg, X. Bavaria; 5 WSW. Kempten,
9E.Isny. Pop. 1,350.
Bucheri, t. Sicily, Noto ; 3 NE. Monte-Rosso .
Buchhorn, X. Limburg ;, 3 N. Geildorf.
Buchigliera, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 11
WNW. Umbriatico.
Lat. 47. 59. N. Pop. 900.
Buchlein, t. Bav. ; 7 ESE. Uffenheim.
Buchlingen, t. Bav. ; 5 SE. Neustadt.
Buchlohe, or Buchloe, X. Bavaria ; 9. E. Min-
delheim, 18 SSW. Augsburg. Lon. 10. 40. E.
Buchlowitz, X. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 6 W.
Hradisch. Pop. 1,342.
Bucholiz, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam ;
23 SSE. Berlin. Pop. 475.
Bucholiz, or St. Catherinenburg by the Bu
choliz, mine town, Sax., Erzgebirg ; 6 SSW.
Wolkenstein. Lon. 12. 55. E. Lat. 50. 28. N.
Pop. 1,480.
Bucholtz, X. Han. Verden ; 18 ENE. Verden .
Buchorest, see Bucharest.
Buchorn, X. Wurt, on N. side of the lake of
Constance ; 11 SSW. Ravenspurg, 13 E. Con
stance. Lon. 9. 25. E. Lat. 47. 40. N. Pop.
361. Here are ware-houses for goods consign
ed to it for the passage of the lake.
Buchott, X. Bav. ; 3 NW. Arnstein.
Buchov, X. Hungary ; 2 W. Bolesko.
Bucks, well built village, Switz., in Underwal
den, on the Walstadter-see.
Buchsweiler, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 13
W- Haguenau. Pop. 2,520.
Buchsweiler, or Bouxwiller, see Bouxwiller-.
Buchy, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 13 NE.
Rouen, 15 WNW. Gournay. Pop. 673.
Bucino, X. Naples, in Principato Citra; 6
WNW. Cangiano.
Buck, X. Pru. Posen ; 13 SW. Posen. Pop.
1,182. Buck Island, one of the smaller Virgin islands
in the West-Indies.
Buck, X. Pru. Posen ; 15 SW. Posen. Pop
1,300. Buck Creek, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio,
Lon. 86. 44. W. Lat. 36. 56. N.
Buckau, see Bockau.

BUG

258

BUD

' Buckden, see Bugden.
Buckeburg, t. Ger., in Schauenburg-Lippe, the
capital of the principality and seat of govern
ment ; 3 E. Minden. Pop. 2,060. It contains
2 churches and a house of Orphans, has a castle,
and is surrounded with walls.
Bucken, t. Han., Hoya; 2 S. Hoya. Pop. 971.
B/uckendbrf t. Bavaria; 16 NE. Bamberg.
Buckenfiord, see Aard'lsfiord.
Buckehham, or New Buckenliam, X. Eng., in
Norfolk, with a market on Saturday ; 14 SW.
Norwich, 96 NNE. London. Pop. 656.
Buckficld, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 6 E. Paris,
150 NNE. Boston, W. 613. Pop. in 1810, 1,251;
in 1820, 1,501. Here is an academy, and iron
ore is found in the town.
Buckhanan, p-t. Harrison co. Va. ; W. 239.
Buckhaven, small fishing town, Scot, in Fife,
N. of the Frith of Forth ; 5 N. Dysart. Lon. 3.
3. W.' Lat 56. 10. N.
Buckhdrn Falls,p-v. Catham co. N. C. ; W.315.
Buckie, small fishing town, Scot, in Bamff,
on SW. side of the Frith of Murray, with a
tolerable harbour ; 5 W. Cullen. Lon. 2. 52. W.
Lat. 57. 39. N.
Buckingham, co. central part of Va., bounded
NW. and N.'by James river, E. by Cumberland
co., S. by Prince Edward and Campbell cos.
Pop. in 1810, 20,059 ; slaves, 11,677. Pop. in
1820,17,569. Chief town, New Canton. The
court house is about 20 SW. New Canton, W.
190. Buckingham, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. ; 6 NW. New
ton, W. 167. Pop. 1,862.
Buckingham, X. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 385.
Buckingham, settlement for the Indian trade
in North America, on the Saskashawin river.
Lon. 111. W. Lat. 53. 50. N.
Backingham, X. Eng., which gives name to the
county in which it is situated, on the Ouse, by
which it is almost surrounded ; 24 NE. Oxford,
57 WNW. London. Lon. 0. 59. W. Lat. 51.59.
N. Pop. 3,500. The summer assizes for the
county are held here, and what is called a
uarter-sessions for the town, twice a year. It
as a weekly market on Saturday. The princi
pal manufactures are lace and paper.
Buckinghamshire, inland co. Eng., bounded
N. by Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire, E.
by Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, and Middlesex,
S. by Berkshire, and W. by Oxfordshire and
Northamptonshire. The greatest length from
N. to S. is about 45 miles, its breadth about 18,
and its circumference 138 miles. Sq. m. 748.
Acres, 478,720 ; 328,000 arable and pasture ;
20,000 woodland. Pop. 117,650. Families
25,201 ; 13,933 engaged in agriculture, 8,424
in trade and manufactures, 2,844 otherwise.
The soil is various ; in some parts, particularly
in the vale about Aylesbury and Buckingham,
the land is a rich loam ; in some places a strong
clay ; in others chalky ; and gravelly in others.
The S. part, particularly towards the E., is hilly,
consisting of a range, called the Chiltern-hills ;
the N. is more level. It is divided into 8 hun
dreds, and contains 15 market towns.
Buclcland, X. Franklin co. Mass. ; 10 WSW.
Greenfield, 105 WNW. Boston. Pop. 1,037.
Buckland, p-t. Prince William co. Va. ; W. 40.
Bucklestown, t. Berkley co. V. ; 8 miles from
Martinsburg.

h;

Buckley's Point, cape on the coast of Patago
nia, in the straits of Magellan, which forms SE.

point of Buckley's sound.
Buckley's Sound, inlet of t

Buckley's Sound, inlet of the straits of Magel
lan, on the coast of Patagonia.
Bucko, X. Pru. Brandenburg; 28 E.Berlin. Lon.
14. 10. E. Lat. 52. 35. N.
Bucifc's Creek, i. Ken. which runs into the
Cumberland, Lon. 84. 25. W. Lat. 36. 46. N.
Buck's Harbour, bay of the Atlantic, on S.
coast of Maine, in U. S. ; W. of Machias bay.
Lon. 63. 34. W. Lat. 44. 42. N.
Buckporah, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 40 N. Ga-
zypour. Buckrah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 18 NW. Gobrack-
pour, 48 ENE. Fyzabad. Lon. 83. 21. E. Lat.
26. 52. N.
Buckrah, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 25 N. Patna.
Lon. 85. 20. E. Lat. 26. 3. N.
Buckrah, X. Bengal ; 37 NNE. Ramgur.
Bucks, co, Pa., on the Delaware, bounded NE.
and SE. by the Delaware, SW. by Philadelphia
and Montgomery cos., and NW. by Northamp
ton co. Pop. in 1810, 32,371 ; in 1820,37,842.
Chief towns, Doylestown, Newton, and Bristol.
Buckskin, X. Ross co. Ohio. Fop. 1,331.
Bucksport, formerly Buckstown, p-t. Penobscot
co. Maine, on E. side of the Penobscot ; 17 S.
Bangor^ 17 N. by E. Castine, 12 NE. Belfast,
234 NE. Boston, W. 676. Lon. 68. 47. W. Lat.
44. 34. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,403 ; in 1820, 1,658.
It is a flourishing town, and has some manu
factures and considerable trade. The village is
very pleasantly situated, on ground gradually
ascending from the river. The harbour is good,
with sufficient depth of water for the largest
ships. Here is the southernmost ferry across
the Fenobscoc ; the river does not freeze so low-
down as to this place.
Bucklown, X. Dorchester co. Md. ; 8 SE.
Cambridge. Bucoria, r. which runs into the sea, near Pag-
liapoli, in Calabria Ultra.
Bucovilza, r. Sclavonia, which runs into the
Drave, 10 E. Verovitza.
Bucy le Long, X. France, in Aisne ; 3 NE.
Soissons. Buda, or Offen, or Ofen, (an. Acincum, Aqui-
nium, and Sicambria,) City, Hungary, the capi
tal of the kingdom, being the residence of the
viceroy, in the county of Pest, on the Danube,,
opposite to Pest ; 125 ESE. Vienna, 150 NNW.
Belgrade.' Lon. 19. 2. E. Lat. 47. 30. N. Pop.
in 1815, 22,527. H. 2,903. Pop. in 1819, slated
at 27,000. Greek bp. see. It is situated on the
west bank of the Danube, and consists of four
parts; 1. the Upper Town, which is fortified,
and is situated, with its magnificent royal cas
tle, on a rocky hill ; 2. the Lower Town, or
Waterstadl, which lies at the foot of the hill, well
built, and having a communication by an im
mense bridge of boats across the river with
Pest ; 3. the Neuslift, where is the remarkable
Trinity Pillar, 52 feet high ; 4. the Taban, or
Raitzensladl, peopled by Rascians.
Buda contains 1 Greek and 4 Catholic chh.,
a theatre, an observatory, 2 high schools, and
a Catholic gymnasium, which had, in 1817,
375 students. The university of Tirnau was
removed to this place in 1777, but in 1784, was

BUD

259

BUE

transferred to Pest. The palace belonging to the
Esterhazy family, which stands on a rock above
the Danube, exhibits from its balcony a most
extensive prospect of the country. The warm
baths of Buda, 5 in number, are magnificent,
and useful in paralytic and other complaints. —
The environs produce excellent red wine. — In
1810, the greater part of the Taban and a por
tion of the Waterstadt, 600 houses, were burnt;
but they have since been rebuilt in an improved
style.— This town is sometimes called New
Buda, to distinguish it from Altofen, or Old
Buda, a decayed town, a little above, on the
Danube. Buda, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 80 E. Wilna.
Budarin, X. Russia, in Caucasus, on W. side
pf the Ural ; 36 SSW. Uralsk.
Budau, t. Bohemia, Saatz ; 20 E. Elnbogen.
Budavon, X. Hind., Delhi, in Bareilly, capital
of a district, on the Yar Vuffadar. Lon. 79. 4. E.
Lat. 28. 3. N.
Budawur, X. Hind., in Malwa; 132 NE. Ou-
dein, 240 S. Delhi. Lon. 77. 38. E. Lat. 24.
42. N.
Budayoon, X. Hind., in Oude ; 24 SW. Bereilly,
70 NE. Agra. Lon. 79. 28. E. Lat. 28. 2. N.
This was once a magnificent city, founded by
one of the Seljukian kings ; but now a small
place in a state of decay.
Buddakano, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 87 W. Ou-
dipour, 100 N. Amedabad.
Buddoo, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 60 NE. Lahore.
Buddaree, X. Hind., in Bahar; 30 SW. Arrah.
Buddaruck, or Badruck, t. Hind., in Orissa ;
33 SW. Balasore. Pop. 1,000. It is situated on
a river which runs into the sea.
Buddarsaw, X. Hind., Oude ; 8 SW. Fyzabad.
Buddaul, X. Bengal, in Dinagepour ; 36 SSE.
Dinagepour, 62 NE. Moorshedabad. Lon. 88.
50. E. Lat. 25. 7. N.
Buddelgunge, X. Bengal, in Boglipour ; 20 E.
Boglipour. Lon. 87. 28. E. Lat. 25. 13. N.
Buddenpour, X. Hind., Gurrah ; 10 S. Mahur.
Budderwas, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 20 NNE.
Budawur. Buddesdale, see Botlesdale.
Bude, v. and s-p. Eng., in Cornwall, belong
ing to the port of Padstow, in the Bristol chan
nel; 2 NW. Stratton, 222 W. London. Lon.
4. 45. W. Lat. 50. 56. N. It is situated at the
mouth of a river, which forms a harbour, and
the port has been of late years much frequented
by vessels trading to Ireland, Wales, and Bris
tol. Bude, see Bode.
Budegovia, see Boodegovia.
Budelich, X. Pru. Treves ; 11 E. Treves.
Budelpour, X. Hind., Bahar ; 42 SSW. Patna.
Budenitz, t Bohemia, Schlan ; 6 NE. Schlan.
Buderason, X. Bengal ; 26 SSW. Dacca.
Buderich, see Burich.
Budesheim, X. Ger., in Hesse Darmstadt ; 1 E.
Bingen. Pop. 1,000.
Budetin, X. Hungary;1 16 ENE. Bolesko.
Budge-budge, fortress, Hind., in Bengal, on
right bank of the Hoogly ; 8 SSW. Calcutta.
Budhedeh, t. Hind., in Sirhind ; 42 SSW. Sir-
hind. Budiad, t. Hind., Guzerat ; 35 W. Cambay.
Budianowcze, t. Sclavonia ; 14 Carlowitz.
H- 200.

Budjaha, X. Hind. ; 17 WSW. Benares,.
Budiegovilz, see Budweiss.
Budillo, X. Sardinia, near S. coast ; 24 SW.
CagHari. Lon. 8. 51. E. Lat 39. 7. N.
Budin, or Budyn, X. Bohemia, in Schlan ; 8
N. Schlan, 20 N." Prague. Lon. 14. 15. E. Lat.
50. 23. N. H. 170.
Budingen, t. Hesse, capital of Isenburg-Bu-
dingen ; 10 ENE. Frankfort on the Maine, 26
SE. Wetzlar. Lon. 9. 7. E. Lat. 50. 20. N.
Pop. 2,000.
Budinuse, v. Sclavonia; HE. Ruma.
Budischau, X. Moravia, in Iglau ; 20 SE. Iglau.
Pop. 570.
Budissen, see Bautzen.
Budleigh, X. Eng., on the coast of Devonshire,
near the mouth of the river Otter ; 12 SB- Exe
ter, 16 WSW. Lime. Pop. 1,190.
Budissow, see Bautsch.
Budlaniow, X- Podolia; 36 NW.Kaminiec
Badneera, X. Hind., in Candeish; 36 ESE,.
Burhampour, Budoa, or Sydua, (an. Butua,) strong s-p.
Dalmatia, chief'town in the district of Pastro-
vich ;v30 SSEi Ragusa. Lon. 18. 59. E. Lat.
42. 31. N. Bp. sec. Pop. 700. ,
Budrio, X. Italy ; 10 N. Bologna.
Budrun, see Bodrun.
Budskara, see Budziac.
Budweiss, or Budiegovitz, t. Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the same name; IS S. Bechin, 66
S. Prague. Lon. 14. 20. E. Lat. 49. 2. N. Pop.
5,873. Bp. see. It is well built, and contains
7 churches, a hospital, and a gymnasium. It is
situated on the Moldaw, in the environs of
which are mines of gold and silver, and in the
Moldaw they fish for pearls. — Pop. of the circle
169,025. Sq. m. 1,664.
Budweiss, or Budwiz, or Bahrish Budweiss, X.
Moravia, in Znaym ;¦ 15 NW. Znaym, 84 SE.
Prague. Lon. 15. 41. E. Lat. 48. 59. N. Pop.
1,616. Budzadgeh, X. Natolia ; 40 NE. Isnik.
Budzaw, X. Hind., in Cutch ; 12 S. Tahej.
Budziac, or Budschara, t. Bessarabia ; 18
NNW. Akerman.
Budziac, see Bessarabia.
Budzienicze, X. Russ. Minsk ; 56 E. Rohaczow.
Bue, small isl. in the North sea, near the coast
of Norway. Lat. 61. 13. N.
Bue; small isl. near N. coast of Cuba. Lon.
79. 29. W. Lat. 23. 5. N.
Buech, r. France, which runs into the Du
rance, near Sisteron, in Lower-Alps.
Bueib, t. Egypt, on a mountain, in the road
of the pilgrims ; 26 NE. Cairo.
Bueib, t Egypt, on a mountain, near the
Nile ; 28 SSE. Asna.
Buelo, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 15 NE. Meschid.
Buena Voluntad, X. S. America, in Tucuman ¦
7 S. St. Salvador de Jugui.
Buenanche, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 24 S.
Cuenca. Buenaventura, s-p. S. America, in Popayan
which gives name to a bay ; 200 W. Santa Fe*
de Bogota. Lon. 76. 42. E. Lat 3. 56. N.
Buenaventura, settlement and Spanish mis-
sion, on the coast of New California Lon 118
58 . W. Lat 34 16. N. It was founded in
1782, and contains 950 inhabitants. It has a

BUE

260

BUE

tolerably1 good roadstead, and the soil and cli
mate are very favourable to the production of
a great variety of fruits.
Buenaventura, s-p. New Grenada, on the bay
of Choco, at the mouth of a river of the same
name ; 90 WNW. Cali, 200 W. by S. Santa Fe
de Bogota. It is supported by the vessels that
touch at it ; the entrance is difficult, and the
climate unhealthy. It is the port of Santa Fe
de Bogota, Popayan, and Cali.
Buenaventura, X. Peru, Lima ; 36 E. Xauxa.
Buenavista, small isl. near NW. coast of Cuba.
Lon. S4. 40. W. Lat. 22. 30. N.
Buenavista, one of the Solomon's islands, in
the Pacific ocean ; 36 miles in circ. Lat. 9.
30. S.
Buenavista, see St. Sebastian de Buenavista.
Bucn Ayre, or Bonair, small isl. near the coast
of South America, belonging to the Dutch ; 50
miles in circ, inhabited chiefly by Indians, with
a small mixture of Europeans ; mountainous ;
producing a few cattle, goats, large quantities
of poultry, and a considerable quantity of salt ;
and has springs of fresh water; tin SW. side is
a good harbour and road; 52'E: Ciiracoa. Lon.
67. 36. W. Lat. 12. 26. N.
Bueno, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 40. 5. S.
BUENOS AYRES, countiy, S. America, for
merly under the dominion of Spain, and styled
the viceroyalty of La Plata, or Rio de La Plata,
but since the declaration of independence, in
1816, it has assumed the name of the United
Provinces of South America; bounded N. by
Peru and Brazil, E. by Brazil, SE. by the At
lantic, S. by Patagonia, and W. by Chili and
Peru; about 1,600 miles long, and 1,000 broad.
Sq. m. about 1,200,000.
Provinces. Pop. Chief towns.
Buenos Ayres  105,000;. ..Buenos Ayres
Banda Oriental ) ,,m. ., . „.,
or Monte Video. \ 45,000....Monte Video
Entre Rios, or 1 „, m. ~ . ¦_, ,
Santa Fe \ 25,000....Santa Fe
Cordova  75,000... .Cordova
Punta St. Luis  10,000... .St. Luis de laPunta
Meudoza  38,000....Mendoza
St. Juan  3400,) < St. Juan de la Fron-
' ( tera
Rioja  20,000 \ T?dos Santos de
J ' I Rioja la Nueva
Catamarca  36,000.. ..Catamarca
St. Jago del Estero..45,000....St. Jago del Estero
Tucuman  „.45,000 £ St' Mi§uel de Tu"
' I cuman
Salta  50,000. ..Salta
Jujuy  25,000 [ St. Salvador de
Chicas  10,000.,..Tupiza
Potosi  112,000.. ..Potosi, La Plata
Misque  15,000....Pomabamba
Charcas  120,OOO....Charcas
Cochabamba  100,000.. ..Oropesa-
La Paz  60,000.. ..La Paz
Paraguay  110,000....Assumption
1,080,000
Population. The population is uncertain, and
variously estimated. Humboldt states it at
1,100,000, and a writer in the London Monthly

Magazine at 3,000,000. The above table is
taken from Brackenridge. Several provinces
are not included, and the Indian population is
omitted. The whole population, including
700,000 civilized Indians, he estimates at
2,000,000. The Indians possess the northern
and middle parts of the country, as much as
one half- of the whole ; but their numbers are
unknown: Face of the country. The great range of the
Andes extends along on the western side, and
the western and northern parts are mountain
ous. The country bordering on the La Plata
and its branches is generally level or undulating.
The southern division forms a part of a vast
plain or pampa, which stretches south into Pa
tagonia, extending about 1,500 miles in length,
and 500 in breadth, having few interruptions
from wood or from any eminence ; covered with
tall waving grass, affording pasture to innumer
able herds of cattle and wild horses.
Rivers. This country is watered by the great
river La Plata and branches, the Uraguay,
Parana, Paraguay, Pilcomayo, Salado, Vermejo,
Sic Titicaca is the largest lake.
Soil and productions. A large portion of the
soil is very fertile, adapted to the growth of
wheat, maize, barley, tobacco, sugar, wine,
fruits, Sic, but agriculture is much neglected.
A great part of the wealth of the countiy con
sists in the immense herds of cattle and horses
that graze on its plains. The principal exports
are bides, tallow, beef, gold, and silver.
Mines. Several years since there were in
operation 30 mines of gold, 27 of silver, 7 of
copper, 7 of lead, and 2 of tin. The silver mine
of Potosi is the richest in S. America.
Climate. The climate differs in different
parts, but is generally healthy. On the plains the
atmosphere is moist, and in summer the heat is
excessive, with frequent rains, accompanied by
the most dreadful thunder and lightning.
Buenos Ayres, pr. S. America, bounded N.
by Yapizlaga and Paraguay, E. by Brazil and
the sea, S. by the sea and the country of Ma
gellan, and W. by the provinces of Cordova
and Tucuman. The climate is healthy and tem
perate, the difference between the winter and
summer is very perceivable; in the summer
the air is serene, and the heat would be exces
sive, if not moderated by a wind which blows
every morning. In the winter, storms are very
frequent, with rain, and dreadful lightning and
thunder. Buenos Ayres, or Nuestra Sennora de Buenos
Ayres, city, S. A. and capital of the country
to which it gives name, on SW. side of the La
Plata, 66 leagues from its mouth, first built in
the year 1535. Lon. 58. 31. W. Lat. 34. 35. S.
Pop. according to Mr. Bland, 47,184; accord
ing to Brackenridge the city and vicinity, in
cluding 10 miles square, contains about 70,000
inhabitants. About one fourth of the inhabi
tants are whites, the rest are Indians, negroes,
and mixed breeds. The situation is agreeable
and healthy, and the city derives its name from
the salubrity of its climate. The temperature
is nearly the same throughout the year. The
city is built with great regularity, and the prin
cipal streets are straight and regular, and some

BUF

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BUG

of them are payed. They are broad,' with side
walks, but from the great scarcity of stone, are
generally unpaved in the middle. The houses
are mostly built of brick or chalk, with flat
roofsj many of them of two stories, though the
greater part of only one. They are generally
plastered on the outside, but now appear some
what shabby. The public buildings are a pal
ace, a royal .chapel, a cathedral, a college, 2
hospitals, 4 monasteries, 2 nunneries, 10 or 15
churches, a public library of nearly 20,000 vol
umes, an academy, and 8 public schools. Some
of these public buildings are large and splen
did. .
There is no harbour at Buenos Ayres, nor so
much as a mole to facilitate the landing of
boats ; the ships can only come within 3 leagues
of the town; there they unload their ( goods
into boats, which enter a little river, named
Rio Chuelo, from whence the merchandise is
brought in carts to the town, which is about a
quarter of a league from the landing places.
The ships which want careening, or take lad
ing, at Buenos Ayres, go to the bay of Baragon,
a kind of port about twelve miles SE. of the
town. — The environs of this city are well cul
tivated ; most of the inhabitants have their
country houses, there called quintas ; furnish
ing all the necessaries of life in abundance,
except wine, which they get from Spain, or
from Mendoza. — Wood is very dear at Buenos
Ayres, and at Monte- Video. In the neighbour
hood of these places are only some little shrubs,
hardly fit for fuel. All timber for building
houses and constructing and refitting the ves
sels that navigate in the river, comes from Par
aguay in rafts.
Buento, t. Africa, in Mocaranga.
Buero, see Bouro.
Bufaderoft. Peru, in Lima, on a river near
the coast ; 65' NNW. Guaura. Lat. 10. 5. S.
Bufalora, t. Italy, ih Milan ; 15 W. Milan.
Buff Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
W. coast of Africa. Lat. 3. 10. N.
Buffalo, p-t. pert of entry, and cap. Niagara
co. N. Y., at the east end of lake Erie, at the
efflux of Niagara river, 22 S. Niagara Falls, SO
ENE. Erie, 240 E. Sandusky, 220 NNE. Pitts
burg, 290 W. Albany, W. 431. Pop. in 1810,
1,508 ; in 1820, 2,095. The village of Buffalo
is situated on Buffalo creek or river, near its
mouth, is pleasant and flourishing ; containing
a court-house, jail, bank, and 2 printing offices.
Being situated on the channel of communica
tion between the Atlantic and the lakes, at the
point where the great western canal joins lake
Eric, it may be expected to become a great
emporium of commerce. At Black Rock, 2
miles below Buffalo, is the present harbour for
vessels. Buffalo river has sufficient depth of
water for a harbour, being 12 or 14 feet, 1 mile
from its mouth ; but. is somewhat obstructed
by sand; this difficulty it is proposed1 to rem
edy by constructing a pier and mole. — This vil
lage, consisting of upwards of 100 houses, was
burnt by the British during the late war, but it
has since been rebuilt, and contained in 1820,
about 200 houses. — .Bordering on the township
is the Buffalo reservation, a tract containing
83,557 acres of land, belonging to the Seneca

Indians. The number of Indians on this tract
is 686. < '
Buffalo, X. Washington'oo. Pa. Pop. 1,430.
Buffalo, X. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 1,597.
Buffalo, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 582.
Buffalo, X. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 482.
Buffalo, X. Jefferson co. Ohio. Fop. 696.
Buffalo, p-v. Mason co. Va., W: 389.
Buffalo, p-v. Lincoln co. N. C. ; W. 454.
Buffalo, v. Niagara co. N. Y., which runs into
the Niagara at the outlet of lake Erie, and at
the village of Buffalo.
Buffalo, r. Northumberland co. Pa., which
runs into W. branch of the Susquehanna, a lit
tle above Lewisburg.
Buffalo, r. Tennessee, which runs SW. into
the Tennessee, Lat. 35. 10. N.
Buffalo, r. Missouri, which runs into the
Mississippi, above the Illinois.
Buffalo, (West,) X. Union co. Pa. Pop. 1,183.
Buffalo, r. Mis. which runs S. of W. and flows
into the Mississippi, at Loftus Heights, 2 above
Fort Adams.
Buffalo Creek, r. Va. which runs into the
Ohio, above Wheeling.
Buffalo Creek, r. N. C. which runs into Broad
river, Lon. 81. 46. W. Lat. 35. 12. N.
Buffalo River, i. Louisiana, which runs into
the Red river, Lon. 92. 26. W. Lat. 31. 23. N. .
Buffalo, X. Union co. Pa. Pop. 2,376.
Buffalo, X. Perry co. Pa. Por. 875.
Buffalo Fork, r. Arkansas, rising near the
river Arkansas, and after a course of about 180
miles, joins White river, at Buffalo shoals, about
700 miles above the Mississippi.
Buffalo, lake, N. A. about 25 miles long, and
from 2 to 10 wide. Lon. 108. 55. W. Lat. 55.
55. N.
Buffalo, or Cow Island, small isl. in the Chi
nese sea, near the coast of Chaimpa. Lon. 107.
28. E. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Buffalo's, cluster of small islands, in the bay
of Bengal, on the coast of Ava. Lon. 94. 25. E.
Lat. 16. 21. N.
Buffalo's Horns, two small islands in the
Mergui Archipelago ; 3 E. St. Clara.
Buffalo's Lake, lake, N. A. Lon. 111. W. Lat.
67. N.
Buffalo Rocks, several single rocks in the bay
of Bengal. Lon. 94. 23. E. Lat. 16. 54. N.
Bufftes, or Buff, isl. Africa, in the mouth of
the river Camarones.
Bufford's Bridge, p-v. Barnwell district, S.
C. ; W. 592.
Bug, or Bog, r. Poland, which rises in Gali
cia, and runs into the Vistula, a few miles NW.
Warsaw. Buga, X. S. A. in Popayan ; 60 NE. Fopayan.
Lon. 76. 21. W. Lat. 3. 55. N.
Buga,. see Bmxe.
Bugano, island, 50 miles in circ, lying off the
SE. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 102. 25. E. Lat. 5.
20. S.
Bugaros, X. Hungary, circle of Great St. Mik-
losch. H. 200.
Bugasong, X. on W. coast of Panay. Lon. 122
5. E. Lat 11. 16. N.
Bugen, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort ;
10 W. Frankfort on the Oder.
Bugey, before the revolution, a province of

BUJ

2C2

BUK

France, of which Belley was the capital ; bound
ed E. by Savoy, S. by Dauphiny, W. by Bresse,
N. by FraneherCompte ; and was dependent
on the government of Burgundy. It is about
60 miles in length, and 16 broad, now in the
department of Ain.
' Bugden, or Bukden, X. Eng., in Huntingdon,
with a weekly market on Saturday; 30 S.
Stamford, 60 N. London. Pop. 924. The bishop
of Lincoln has a palace here.
Bugeat, X. France, in Creuse ; 21 N. Tulle.
Buggard, t.Denmark, Funen ; 10 W.Odensee.
Bugges Bay, see Boney Bay.
Buggil, t. Africa, in Bondou ; 36 SW. Fatte-
conda. Buggulgow, t. Hind., in Baglana ; 45 NE.
Chandor. Bugia, see Boujeiah.
Bugie, s-p. Egypt, on W. coast of the Red
sea. Lon. 38. 40. E. Lat. 22. 15. N.
Bugie, t. Natolia ; 3 S. Smyrna. It is much
resorted to by Europeans on account of its
agreeable situation.
Bugles, see Baxos del Comboi.
Bugnon, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; 3
TJW. Navarreins.
Bugue, (La,) X. France, Dordogne ; 12 SW.
Montignac, 19 SE. Perigueux. Pop. 2,475.
Buguey, X. on N. coast of Lucon. Lon. 121.
52. E. Lat. 18. 26. N.
Bugulma, X. Russia, in Upha ; 120 W. Upha.
Lon. 52. 24. E. Lat. 54. 30. N. Pop. 1,200.
Buguruslansk, X. Russia, Upha, on the Kinel ;
148 WSW. Upha, 160 NW. Orenburg.
Bugutchani, X. Siberia ; 168 E. Eniseisk.
Buhawulpore, X. Hind., capital of a district,
on the Hyphasis, 70 Moultan. Lon. 71. 45. E.
Lat. 30. 40. N. The city is about 4 miles in
eirc, encompassed by a mud wall, and the
houses are built of sun-dried bricks.
Buhl, or Buhel, X. Baden ; 6 SW. Baden, 9
SSW. Rastadt. Lon. 8. 12. E. Lat. 48. 44. N.
Pop. 1,721.
Buhler, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Kocher, at Geislingen.
Buhlitz, X. Pru., in Farther Pomerania; 12
N. Stettin. Lon. 16. 32. E. Lat. 53. 52. N. It
has a seat of justice.
Buhlowilz, t. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 7 WNW.
Hradisch. Buhris, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 30 N.

Bui, r. Russia, which joins the Kama, near
Molevo. Buia, or Buje, strong t. Istria ; when under
the Venetians, the residence of a governor ; 15
S. Trieste. Lon. 13. 43. E. Lat. 45. 32. N. Pop.
1,533. Buia, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 14 NW. Udina.
Buiah, v. Natolia, a small distance SE. Smyr
na ; where the British consul has a house.
Bujana, X. Hind., in Guzerat; 25 S. Janagur.
Bujana, X Hind., in Guzerat. Lon. 71. 25. E.
Lat. 22. 55. N. It is a large and populous town.
Bujalance, X. Spain, in Cordova; 10 E. Cor
dova. Pop. staled from 4,500 to 9,000.
Bujoi, t. Darien ; 5 SE. Porto-Bello.
Buil Bay, bay on S. coast of Cochin-china.
Lon. 108. 51. E. Lat. 11.38. N.
Buillh, or Beallh, X. S. Wales, in Brecknock

shire, on the Wye, with two markets weekly,
on Wednesday and Friday ; 22 SW. Presteign,
171 WNW. London. Lon. 3. 16. W. Lat. 52.
8. N. Pop. 815. It boasts of considerable an
tiquity ; but probably was not a Roman sta
tion, though many antiquaries fix here Bullaum,
About a mile NW. from the town are some salt
springs, called Park Wells.
Buipeda, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 13. 35. S.
Buinaah Point, cape on W. coast of Ireland;
in the county of Mayo, on S. of the entrance
into Newport bay. Lon. 9. 45. W. Lat. 53. 46. N.
Buinsk, X. Russia, Simbirsk ; 36 NNW. Sim
birsk. Pop. 1,308.
Buis, (Le,) t. France, and seat of a tribunal,
in Dr6me ; 22 E. Orange, 32 SSE. Valence.
Lon. 5. 21. E. Lat. 44. 17. N. Pop. 2,215.
Buiskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 64 SE. Nert-
chintsk. Buitrago, see Buylrago.
Bujuk, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond ; 18 SW.
Trebisond. Bujuk Czemage, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania;
6 W. Constantinople.
Buk, X. Pru. Posen ; 18 W. Posen.
Bukameela, X. Africa, capital of a district in
Anziko. Lat. 3. S.
Bukand, X. Turkestan ; 45 NE. Toncat.
Bukans, X. Hungary ; 32 N. Gran.
Bukari, see Buccari. •
Bukari, Bokari, or Bukariza, see Buccari.
Bukarest, see Bucharest.
Bukenfiord, see Aardelsfiord.
Bukharia, Bukhara, Bokhara, ( Great,) said to
signifiy the Country of Learned Men, country,
Asia, forming a part of Tartary, anciently cal.
led Sogdiana, and Bactria. Its extent and
boundaries are not well defined, but seems to
be bounded N and W. by Karasm%nd Turkes
tan, E. by Little Bukharia, and S. by Persia
and North Hindoostan ; about 700 miles long,
from N. to S., and 350 broad. It includes the
three provinces or parts,Buckharia Proper, Sa-
marcand, and Balk, but its limits, extent, and
divisions are variously stated, and not well as
certained. A part of it is included in the king
dom of Cabulistan. The principal towns are
Bukharia, Samarcand, Balk, Badakshan, Ande-
rab, Osrushnah, Termed, and Gaur. — The rivers
are the Jihon, Sirr, Amu, Oxus, and Sqgd.
A considerable portion of the country con
sists of flat sandy desert ; there are several
chains of mountains, from which torrents de
scend, and gold is generally found in their
channels. There are other valuable mineral
products, as rubies, lapis lazuli, marble, Sic,
The valleys are well watered, enjoy a genial
climate, and when cultivated produce abun
dant harvests.
This country is inhabited by two distinct
races, the Taujiks and Usbecks. The Taujiks,
Tajiks, or Taujets, a name said to signifiy citi
zens, are of common stature, fair complexion,
with black expressive eyes, hawk nose, well
shaped face, fine black hair, and thick beard ;
the women beautiful. Their occupations are
agriculture, mechanic arts, and trade. The
Usbecks have long been reputed the most
civilized of the Mahometan Tartars. They

BUK

263

BUL

are short and stout ; their complexion clear
and ruddy, hair black, beard thin, forehead
broad, cheek bones high, and eyes small.
They are brave, surprisingly patient of hunger,
thirst, and fatigue, and renowned for the acti
vity of their movements in predatory war.
They lead a pastoral life, and their favorite
food is horse flesh. — Bukharia is famous for its
literature, the cities of Bukharia and Samar-
cand having long been principal schools of
oriental science.
Bukharia, Bukhara, or Bogar, city, Asia, capi
tal of Great Bukharia, on the Sogd ; 100 W.
Samarcand: About Lon. 61. 58. E. Lat. 39.
20. N. Pop. stated at upwards of 100,000. It
is situated on a rising ground, and is surround
ed by a slender wall of earth and a dry ditch.
The houses are low, and for the most part built
of mud ; but the numerous mosques and cara
vansaries are of stone or brick. The manufac
tures are cotton yarn, calicoes, and soap. The
trade, which was once very considerable, de
clined towards the middle of the last century.
It is still carried on in various articles, and for
eign merchants are encouraged, and all religions
tolerated. The climate is agreeable, yet the
inhabitants are afflicted during summer with a
complaint resembling the Guinea worm, and
the city is infested by serpents and scorpions.
The inhabitants are characterised as being
more civilized than those of the neighbouring
countries, and the city has long been celebrated
for the study of Mahometan theology and law ;
and it contains many colleges capable of ac
commodating from 60 to 600 students each.
Bukharia, (Little,) countiy, Asia, having the
countiy of Calmucks and Eygur N., Chinese
Tartary and the desert of Cobi E., Thibet S.
and Great Bukharia W.; about 700 miles from
E. to W., and 200 from N. to S. The country
is but little known, and its limits not well de
fined, and it is by some stated to be considera
bly larger. — The principal towns, are Yarkan,
Kashgar, Koten, Aksu, Tourfan, and Hami.
The climate is temperate. The countiy lies
amidst deserts, and consists, in great part, of a
vast chain of mountains ; and grain and fruits
are not abundant. The plains at the foot of the
mountains are said to be fertile, producing a
plenty of various kinds of fruits, particularly
melons of a fine quality, and in great request
in China. The mineral productions are gold,
silver, and precious stones. The natives are in
a low state of civilization ; of swarthy com
plexion, black hair, some of them handsome ;
live partly in stone houses and partly in tents ;
have neither tables nor chairs, use no knives
or forks in eating; their usual beverage tea;
practise polygamy ; each wife is purchased
from her parents ; marriage is dissolved at
pleasure ; and the religion is Mahometanism.
Buki, X. Russia, Kiev ; 44 S. Bialacerkiew.
Bukora, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 17 SE. Janagur.
Bukovar, or Vucovar, X. Sclavonia, capital of
the county of Syrmien, on the Danube ; 12
SSE. Eszek. Pop. 5,669. H. 700.
Bukowina, or Bukowine, pr. Austria, forming
a part of Galicia, bounded N. by the Dniester,
E. Si S. by Moldavia, and W. by Transylvania,
Galicia Proper, and Lodomeria. Sq. m. 3,652.

Pop. 230,720. Jews 1,710 ; Gipsies 1,800 ; Ar
menians 3,000 ; the rest Walachians. Families
49,132. H. 40,919. The Greek Church is the
prevailing religion. Chief town, Czernowitz.
Bukcvitza, t. Croatia ; 14 SE. Carlstadt.
Bukow, (Gross,) X. Pru Brandenburg, on the
Stobberow. Pop. 1,000.
Bukow, (New,) X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ;
16 NE. Wismar. Lon. 11, 42. E. Lat. 54. 7. N.
Pop. 887.
Bukowskow, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 10 SSE.
Bechin. Bukukunskoi, (Kamen,) fortress, Russia, in Ir
kutsk ; 720 SW. Doronisk.
Bukupienick, X. Poland, in Lublin; 22 S.
Lublin. Bui, X. Africa, in Tunis ; 70 W. Tunis.
Buia, p-v. Alleghany co., Pa.; W. 233.
Buia, X. on E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 133. 46.
E. Lat. 13. 48. N.
Bulac, or Boulac, X. Egypt, the port of Grand
Cairo, on the Nile, where vessels which bring
goods to that oity abide; lW.Ciaro. Itisalarge
irregular town, and contains a custom-house,
magazines, and a large bazar. In 1799, it was
almost destroyed by the French. Niebuhr
seems to fix on this as the site of the ancient
Litopolis. Bulacan, pr. Lucon or Manilla.
Bulach, X. Switz., in Zurich ; 8 N. Zurich.
Lon. 8. 27. E. Lat. 47. 26. N. Pop. 2,188.
Bulach, (New,) t. Wurt. ; 4 SW. Calw, 20
WSW. Stuttgard. Lon. 8. 43. E. Lat. 48. 42. N.
Pop. 608. In the bailiwick annexed is a moun
tain, in which are found copper and iron ores.
Bulal, t. Africa, in Gambia.
Bulama, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
Africa, 3 from the continent, about 24 miles
long and 12 broad, at the mouth of the Rio
Grande. Lon. 14. 38. W. Lat. 11. 0. N. It is
one of the Bissagoes, extremely fertile.
Bularskaia, X. Russia, on S. side of the Irtisch
opposite Tobolsk.
Bulbul, X. Nubia ; 30 NW. Giessin.
Bulcherry, isl. in the mouth of the Ganges,
about 15 m. in cir. Lon. 88. 40. E. Lat. 210.
35. N.
Bulckau, t. Austria, on a river of the same
name ; 1 W. Schrattentaal.
Bulckau, r. Austria, which runs into the
Taya, 4 W. Laab.
Buldamchelty, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 190 WNW.
Calcutta. Buldat, X. Arabian, Irak ; 20 E. Bagdad.
Bulduruiskoi, X. Russia; in Irkutsk; 132 ESE.
Nertchinsk. Bulg, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5. 5. W. Lat. 58. 33. N.
Bulfrickheim, X. Ger. ; 12 S. Werthiem.
Bulgar, mt. A.Turkey, in Caramania; 30
S. Cogni.
Bulgar, X. Rus., in Kazan, near the Wolga.
It was once called Briachinow, and1 was the
capital city of the Bulgarii, or Bulgares, whcr
formerly inhabited a country on the Wolga. It
is now reduced to about 100 houses.
Bulgaria, (Great,) countiy, Asia, in Russian
Tartary, incorporated into the dominions of
Russia, and forming a part of the government of
Caucasus.

BUL

264

BUM

Bulgaria, (Little,) anciently Masia Inferior,
pr. Eu. Turkey, bounded N. by the Danube, E.
by the Black sea, S. by mount Haemus, and W.
by Servia. The country is fall of mountains,
barren at the top but fertile in pasturage at the
bottom ; and the intervening valleys and plains
produce a great deal of corn and wine. The in
habitants are for the most part Christians, but
exceedingly ignorant: they reckon among
them one patriarch and 3 archbishops, all un
der the authority of the patriarch of Constanti
nople. They speak the Sclavonic language.
They are descendants from the Bulgarii, from
whom the country takes its name. The pro
vince is divided into 4 districts, Sophia, Wid-
den, Nicopoli, and Silistria, each named from
its chief town. Pop. stated from 1,500,000 to
1,800,000. Sophia is the capital.
Bulgneville, X. France, in Vosges ; 10 S.
Neufchateau, 21 W. Epinal. Pop. 899.
Bulilaga, range of mountains, which divide
the empire of Russia from Persia. Lon. 72. to
73. E. Lat. 48. 30. to 51. N.
Bulkh, see Balk.
Bull, small isl. in the Atlantic, near SW.
coast of Ireland, 3 W. Dursey Island. Lon. 10.
9. W. Lat. 51. 33. N.
Bull, rock near W. coast of the island of
Rathlin, in N. channel, 7 NE. Bengore-Head,
on N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat. 55.
19. N. '
Bull River, r. America, which runs into the
river Huron, Lon. 82. 21. W. Lat. 43. 3. N.
Bull Head, cape, Ireland on N. side of Din
gle bay ; 3 SE. Dingle. Lon. 10. 4. W. Lat.
52. 6. N.
Bull-Hill, mt. in the Highlands, N. Y., near
the Hudson. Height 1,484 feet.
Bull Island, S. C. one of the three islands
which form N. part of Charleston harbour, near
the coast. Lon. 79. 44. W. Lat. 32. 56. N.
Bull and Cow, rocks near S. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 53. 42. W. Lat. 46. 55. N.
Bullaum, or Burrium, now Usk.
Bullan Bay, bay of the Atlantic, between the
island of Achil andW. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9.
43. W. Lat. 54. N.
Bullalter, X. Hind., Allahabad, on the Gan
ges; 30 NE. Gazypour.
Bullauda, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 10 S. Rut
tunpour. Bullauspour, X. Asia, in Cahlore ; 159 E.La
hore. It is a well-built town, and the residence
of a female governor. The streets are paved,
and the houses constructed of stone.
Bulk, t. Switz., in Friburg ; 10 S. Friburg. It
has a cas.tle, and a convent.
Bullenmeer, X. Ger., in Oldenburg ; IS N. Old
enburg. Bullapalla, t.Hind., in Cuddapa; 25 SSE.
Cnddapa. Buller's Island, isl. in Mergui Archipelago,
about 6 miles in circ. Lat. 10. 11. N.
Bulles, X. France, in Oise, on the Bresche,
celebrated for its fine flax ; 6 NW. Clermont, 9
ENE. Beauvais. Pop. 936.
Bullet, co. Ken., on the Ohio. Pop. in 1810,
4,311 ; slaves 976. Pop. in 1820, 5,831.
Bullet Lick, salt lick, in Bullet co. Kentucky,
20 miles from the rapids of the Ohio.

Eulletsburg, p-t. Boone co. Kentucky ; W. 517.
Bullfinch Harbour, bay on W. coast of N.
America. Lon. 123. 7. W. Lat. 46. 52. N.
Bulliah, X. Bengal ; 20 WNW. Rangur.
Bultin, X. Africa, in Bursali. Lon. 15. 45. W.
Lat. 13. 40. N.
Bullness, see Bowness.
Bullock, co. central part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 2,305 ; slaves 426. Pop. in 1820, 2,578.
Bullolepour, X. Hind., in Sirhind; 48 miles
from Sirhind.
Bulloah, X. Bengal ; 60 SSE. Dacca.
Bullooah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 32 SE. Goorac-
pour. Lon. 84. 5. E. Lat. 26. 25. N.
Bulloogaul, X. Bengal ; 26 SSE- Dinagepour.
Bulls, (Bay of) on E. side of Newfoundland,
called by the French Baboul. Lon. 52. 20. W.
Lat. 47. 25. N.
Bullskin, X. Fayette co. Pa., on NE. side of
the Youghiogeny. Pop. 1,484.
Bullskin, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio,
in Clermont co.
Bulluary, X. Hind., in Singrowla; 18 ESE.
Saipour. Bullullos, t. Spain, Andalusia; 12 Lucena.
Bully, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 18 N.Rou
en Pop. 1,800.
Bulman, isl. on S. coast of Ireland, at the
entrance of Kinsale harbour ; 2 S. Kinsale.
Buloan, small isl. in the East Indian sea, near
S. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 122. 45. E. Lat.
7. 6. N.
Bulrampour, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 25 NW.
Midnapour. Lon. 86. 50.E. Lat. 22. 41. N. ¦
Bulrampour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 32 E. Bah
raitch, 38 N. Fyzabad.
Bullsedi, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 22 SE. Loheia.
Bulsee, X. Hind., in Surgooja ; 37 ENE. Sur-
gooja. Bullaa, t. Bengal ; 17 WNW. Bissunpour.
Bulum, or Bolm, countiy, Africa, in Upper
Guinea, near the mouth of the Serbora. Lat
7. N.
Bulvsan, X. on SE. coast of Mindanao, near
a mountain to which it gives name. Lon. 124.
8. E. Lat. 13. 2. N.
Bulzig, t. Ger., in Saxony ; 2 S. Zahna.
Bumadus, now Hazir.
Bumangeet, X. Grand Bukharia, on the Sogd ;
40 E. Samarcand.
Bumany, t. Hind., in Baglana ; 18 NE. Amed
nagur. _
Bumm, city, Persia, the present capital ot
Kerman. Lon. 58. E. Lat. 29. 17. N. It is
situated on a plain in the vicinity of high moun
tains, which are generally covered with snow.
It is accounted the strongest town in the coun
try; and was formerly much larger than at
present, as is evident from the surrounding
ruins. Bummoneah, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundla; 15
NW. Mundella.
Bumosa, or Abi Musa, small isl. in the Per
sian gulf; 30 N. Julfar, on the coast of Arabia.
Lon. 54. E. Lat. 26. 15. N.
Bumow, t. Russia, in Perm, S. Perm. H. 200.
Near the town there is an extensive copper
mine. Bumugger, X. Bengal ; 20 SE. Dinagepour.
Bunusar, r. Morocco, which loses itself in a
lake, 20 NW. Mequinez.

BUBJ

265

BUO

Bttnafrafcer Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on N.
•#oast of the county of Mayo, in Ireland ; 7 W.
Killala-bay. Lon. 9. 14. W. Lat. 54. 19. N.
Bumowe, s-p. Scot, in the county of Argyle,
on. S. side of Loch Etive, at the mouth of the
river Awe; 114 NNW. Edinburgh. Lon. 5. 16.
W. Lat. 56. 24. N.
Bunbang, X. Bengal ; 6 SW. Silhet.
Bunbury,v. Eng., ih Cheshire ; 6 Nantwich.
Pop. 574.
Bunch, r. Africa, whioh runs into the Atlan
tic, 10 -E. Cape Ledo. Lat. 8. N.
BuncUdy, see New-Town Barry.
Buncombe, co. W. corner of N. C. Pop. in
1810, 9,277 ; slaves 695. Pop. in 1820, 10,542.
Chief town, Morristown.
Buncowra, X. Hind., Bahar ; 33 SW. Patna.
. Bundapoola, X. Bengal ; 5 W. Tomar.
' Bundar, t. Hind., Surgooja; 20 SW. Surgooja.
Bundar, X. Hind., in Candeish; 30 S. Bur-
hampour. Bundawah, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the right
bank of the Ganges ; 33 W. Arrah.
Bwnde, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Minden; 21
WSW. Minden, 28 NE. Munster. Lon. 8. 25.
E. Lat. 52. 12. N. Pop. 891. Its trade con
sists in thread and coarse linen ; near it is a
medical spring.
Bundeh, mountains, Hind., in Golconda ; 100
N. Hydrabad.
Bundelcund, circar, Hind., in Allahabad. The
country in general is mountainous, stony, and
covered with wood. The land, where it is not
stony, produces all sorts of fruit, but neither
rice nor sugar ; cotton trees are in plenty, and a
species of tree from which the inhabitants gather
a black nut. The principal towns are Chattey-
pour, Mow, Callinger, Senrab, and Pannah.
Bunderaje, X. Hind., in Berar ; 10 E. Akoat.
Bundermalanca, 4. Hind., in the Northern
Circars ; 58 E. by N. Masulipatam.
Bundeszti, X. Walachia, on the Ardjis ; 24 SE.
¦Bucharest. Bundipour, X. Bengal, in Burdwan ; 30 SE.
Burdwan. Lon. 88. 17. E. Lat. 22. 52. N.
Bundowrah, X. Berar ; 35 S. Coomtah.
Bundpour, t. Oude ; 38 E. Fyzabad.
Bundten, see Grisons.
Bundua, X. Bengal ; 20 NW. Toree.
Bunduraul, X. Lahore ; 27 NE. Jummoo.
Bundwdry, X. Oude ; 8 S. Gooracpour.
Bungah-Quohem, lake, Maine, 35 N. Moose-
head lake.
Bwngarim, s-p. Birmah, in the southern pen
insula. Lon. 98. 12. E. Lat. 8. 55. N.
Bungay, X. Eng., in Suffolk ; 38 NNE. Ips-
Wick, 107 NNE. London. Lon. 1. 28. E. Lat.
52. 36. N. Pop. 2,828. It is situated on the
Wavenay, which is navigable for barges to Yar
mouth. It has a weekly market on Thursday.
Bunggra, X. Bengal ; 55 SW. Burdwan. ,
Bungishat, district, Cabulistan, on W. side of
the Indus, about Lat 33. N. The chief towns
are Gowhaut, Kohaut, and Bunnoo.
Bungo, km. Japan, and one of the most con
siderable in the island of Bungo, or Ximo. The
capital is Fumay. The king of Bungo was bap
tized by the name of Francis Civan, and sent a
solemn embassy, to Pope Gregory XIII. in the
year 1582. Lon. 132. E. Lat. 32. 40. N.
Vol. I. 34

Bungo, pr. Africa, in Loango.
Bungong, X. Bengal ; 25 SE. Kishenagur.
Bungteah, t. Bengal ; 12 E. Toree.
Bunguncoonda, X. Bengal ; 33 WSW. Pachete.
Bungurkera, X. Bengal, in Nagpour ; 9 S.
Doesa. Lon. 85. 4. E. Lat. 22. 53. N.
Bungush, or Bungshat, pr. Cabulistan, W. of
the Indus, watered by the Cowmull.
Bunialu, X. Natolia ; 28 W. Castamena.
Bunjara, X. Hind., Candeish ; 6 S. Peploud.
Bunjarata, X. Hind., in Malwa; 12 S. Bilsah.
Bunjary, X. Hind., Berar ; 8 N. Nagpour.
Bunitz, X. Croatia ; 70 miles from Carlstadt,
30 E. Zeng.
Buniva, (an. ffifa,) chain of mountains in
Greece, between Thessaly and Livadia, extend
ing from Thermopylae to Pindus.
Bunnass, r. Hind., which rises near Andean,
in Bilsah, and joins the Heran, after a course
of about 100 miles, to form the Cane.
Bunneyah, X. Hind., Malwa; 15 NE. Raajegur.
Bunno, or- Banow, X. Cabulistan, on the Cow
mul ; 100 ESE. Ghizni, 140 SSE. Cabul.
Bunmuel, X. Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro ;
21 miles from Tiidella.
Bunpoor, X. Persia, in Mekran. Lon. 60. 10.
E. Lat. 27. 50. N. It has a very strong for
tress, and is surrounded by a mud wall, but is
is a state of decay.
Bunree, r. Ireland, which runs into the Moy,
6 S. Killala.
Bunross, r. Ireland, which runs into the bay
of Donegal, 8 WSW. Ballyshannon.
Bunschoten, X. Neth., in Utrecht, near the
Zuydcr-Zee ; 6 N. Amersfert.
Bunseersa, X. Bengal ; 45 SW. Burdwan.
Buntingford, X. Eng.; in Hertford, with a
weekly market on Monday; UN. Hertford,
31 N. London.
Buntwall, x. Canara ; 14 E. Mangalore. Lon.
75. 9. E. Lat. 12. 48. N. It contains about
300 houses, and is a thoroughfare for trade be
tween Mysore and Canara.
Buntwar, X. Hind., Oude ; 10 E. Bahraitch.
Buntzlau, t. Pru. Silesia, in Liegnitz ; 26
NW. Jauer, 42 W. Schweidnitz. Lon. 15. 37.
E. Lat. 51. 13. N. Pop. 3,534. The houses
are chiefly built of stone ; the Catholics have a
church and a convent, and the Lutherans have
a church, and a house of orphans. The castl&
is in ruins. The chief manufacture is a kind of
brown pottery, in great request — Natives, Opitz
and Tcherning.
Buntzlau, (All,) t Bohemia, in Buntzlau, on
the Elbe; 8 SSW. Benatek, 12 SSW. Jung
Buntzlau. Lon. 15.0. E. Lat.50.22.N. Pop.800.
Buntzlau, (Jung,) or Mlada Boleslaw, X Bohe
mia, and capital of the circle of Buntzlau ; 28
NNE. Prague, 58 SE. Dresden. Lon. 15. E.
Lat. 50. 22. N. Pop. 3,534. H. 431. It is well
built, and contains a hospital, a gymnasium,
and 6 churches. — Pop. of the circle 313,592.
Sq. m. 1,611.
Bunwara, t. Bengal ; 4 SW. Noony,
Bunwoot, isl. in the E. Indian sea, granted by
the Sultan of Mindanao, to the English East
India Company ; about 18 miles in circ, Lon.
124. 30. E. Lat. 7. 12. N.
Buon, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 7 ENE.
-Benevento,

BUR

26T5

BUR

Buonalberga, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ;
8 NE. Benevento. Pop. 2,902.
Buonconvento, X. Tuscany, in the Siennese ;
10 SE. Sienna.
Buonhabitaculo, t. Naples, Principato Citra ;
8 N. Policastro. Pop. 3,200.
Buonvicino, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 10
SE. Scalea.
Buoy, small isl. near E. coast of Newfound
land. Buquoi, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 5 W.
Bapaume. Bura, one of the smaller Orkney Islands, be
tween Pomona and Ronaldsha.
Burac, r. or canal, A. Turkey, which extends
from Ourfa to the Euphrates.
Burac, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 45 SE.
Al Modain.
Buragrag, r. Morocco, which i uns into the
Atlantic, at Salee.
Buralle, X. Hind., in Berar ; 58 SW. Ellich-
pour. Buramos, or Three Islands, three small islands
on W. coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Rio
St. Domingo, or Kachao.
Burampour, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 17 SW.
Ganjam, 80 NE. Cicacole.
Burampour, X. Bahar ; 18 S. Patna.
Burano, one of the Venetian islands, with a
town of the same name, in the Dogado. Pop.
5,000. Buraraage, X. Bahar ; 34 N. Hajypour.
Buraru, X. Brazil, in Para; 7 ESE. Pauxis.
Burau, X. Bengal ; 15 S. Curruckdeah.
Buraya, X. Bahar; 34 NNW. Bettiah.
Buras, X. Natolia ; 28 SE. Degnizlu.
Burbaeh, X. Hungary, celebrated for its wine ;
8 E. Eisenstadt.
Burbaeh, X. Switz., Berne ; 18 NNE. Berne.
Burbaeh, t. Nassau ; 8 NW. Dillenburg.
Burbage, X. Eng., in Leicestershire ; 2 SE.
Hinckley. Pop. 1,100.
Burbazzoo, pr. Bengal, bounded N. by Dacca,
E. by Bookareeab, and Caugtnahry, S. by At
tyah, and W. by Betooriah, about 40 miles long,
and from 10 to 20 broad. Mulschi and Belau-
chy are the chief towns.
Burburata, small isl. in the Carribean sea,
near the coast of S. America, Lon. 68. 16. W.
Lat. 10. 25. N.
Burkersdorf X. Weimar ; 2 NW. Weyda.
Burda, r. Hind., which runs into the Goda-
very, 60 E. Neermul.
Burchlein, X. Bav. ; 18 SW. Bamberg.
Burdah, X. Africa, in Tomani, on S. side of
the Gambia. Lon. 12. 10. W. Lat. 12. 36. N.
Burdatilc, X. Grand Bukharia, on the Jihon ;
45 SW. Bukharia.
Burdee, X. Hind., in Allahabad; 32 NNW.
Saipour. Burdgee, t. Hind., Visiapour; 5NE. Huttany.
Burdigala, ancient capital of Aquitaine, now
Bourdeaux. Burdislan, mt. Persia, in the neighbourhood
of Schiras, on which signals were formerly
made-to give notice of the arrival of merchants
from India.
Burdhoo, X. Hind., in Bahar; 22 S. Bahar.
Lon. 8.-.. 44. E. Lat. 24. 51. N.
Burdwan, pr, Bengal, bounded N. by Bir-

boom, E. by the Hoogly, S. by the provinces
of Injellee and Midnapour, and W. by Midna
pour, Bissunpour, and Pachete. About 86 miles
long from N. to S., and 40 to 75 from E. to W.
It contains 2,400 English sq. miles; 262,684 in
habited houses, of which 218,855 are inhabited
by Hindoos, and 43,781 by Mahometans. Pop.
1,444,487. This is one of the most valuable
agricultural districts in India. Burdwan is the
capital; Burdwan, X. Bengal, and capital of a prov
ince of the same name ; 50 NW. Calcutta, 62
SSW. Patna. Lon. 87. 57. E. Lat. 23. 15. N.
It is a large town. The Church Missionary
Society have a missionary here.
Buredgiat, (El,) X. Egypt ; 10 W. Menuf.
Bureil, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 10 S.
Yurcup. Burello, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 9 E.
Nicotera. Buren, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Minden, capital
of a circle, on the Alme ; 13 SSW. Paderborn.
Lon. 8. 40. E. Lat. 51. 30. N. Pop. 1,218.
Buren, X. Neth., in Guelders, and capital of a
county ; 6 SE. Utrecht, 15 N. Bois-le-Ducr.
Lon. 5. 16. E. Lat. 51. 54. N. Pop. 3,500.
Buren, X. Switz., in Berne, on the Aar ; 6 SW.
Soleure. Buren, or Burun, see Kauffbeuren.
Bures, t. Eng., in Suffolk, on the Stour, with
a bridge across. It was anciently a royal villa ;
4 WNW. Nayland. Pop. 710.
Bures, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 13 SE.
Dieppe. Bureway, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 8 NE. Chinna
Balabarum. Burford, X. Eng., in Oxford ; 1 7 NNW. Oxford ;
71 NW. London. Lon. 1. 38. E. Lat. 51. 50.
N. Pop. 1,342. It is situated on the river
Winkrush, with a weekly rfiarket on Saturday;
long famous for making saddles. Here is a
manufacture for rugs and duffels. A little to
the west of the town, at a place called Battle-
Edge, Ethelbald, king of Mercia, was defeated
by Cuthred, king of the West-Saxons.
Burg, or Burgle, X. Saxony, in the Vogtland ;
4 NW. Saalburg.
Burs, X. Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg; 14 NE.
Magdeburg. Lon. 12. 42. E. Lat. 52. 17. N.
Pop. 7,493. H. 1,154. Chh. 4.
Burg, X. Switz., in the Thurgau,ou the Rhine,
opposite to Stein.
Burg, or Tor-Burg, X. Neth., in Zutphen, on
the Issel ; 7 SE. Doesburg, 12 SSE. Zutphen.
Pop. 1,050.
Burg Breitungen, see Herrin Breitungen.
Burg, or Bourg, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
in Dusseldorf; 6 S. Solingen. Pop. 1,401.
Burg Burnheim, X. Bavaria ; 14 NNW. Ans
pach. Near it is a medicinal spring. Pop.
1,100. Burg Eberach, fyc, see Eberach, fyc.
Burg Gemnnde, X. Ger., in Upper Hesse ; 14
SE. Marburg, 15 E. Giessen. Lon. 9. 3. E. Lat
50. 41. N.
Burg-Hamza, or Sour, X. Algiers, in Titterie ;
45 SSE. Algiers. Lon. 3. 59. E. Lat. 36. 7. N.
It is built on the ruins of Auzia, some of the
ancient fortifications of wlrch are yet remain
ing. A Turkish garrison is kept here.

BUR

267

BUR

. Burg Lengenfeld, t. Bav., on the Nab ; 15 N.
Ratisbon, 16 S. Amberg. Lon. 11. 5. E. Lat.
49. 13. N. Pop. 1,400.
Burg Sheidungen, t. Pru. Merseburg ; 3 SE.
Nebra. Burg Swary, fortress, Algiers, bordering on
Sahara ; 40 S. Medea.
Burg Tissumseely, t Africa, in Algiers ; 36
ESE. Tagadepropt
Burg Twilly, (an. Turis Casaris,) X. Algiers ;
28 SSE. Constantina.
Burg el Wed, t. Algiers, in Tremecen ; 66 W.
Tremecen. Burgah, X. Bengal ; 20 SE. Ramgur.
Burgama, X. Bengal ; 35 NNE. Purneah.
Burgaon, now Uslett.
• Burgara, s-p. Hind., on the coast of Malabar;
3 S. Cananor.
Burgas, or Bourgaz, X. Eu. Turkey, in Roma
nia, on a bay of the Black sea ; 68 NNE. Ad-
rianople, 112 NNW. Constantinople. Lon. 26.
27. E. Lat. 40. 14. N. It is a place of consid
erable commerce.
Burgau, X. Bavaria, on the Mindel ; 19 NW.
Augsburg, 20 ENE. Ulm. Pop. 2,400.
Burgau, X. Weimar, Eisenach ; 3 S. Jena.
Burgaut, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundla ; 45 E.
Mundella. Burgdorf X. Hanover, in Luneburg, on the
Aller ; 9 S. Zell ; 14 ENE. Hanover. Lon. 10.
7. E. Lat. 52. 28. N. Pop. 1,492.
Burgdorf, t. Switz., in Berne, and chief place
of a bailiwick; 9 NE. Berne, 12 SSE. Soleure.
Lon. 7. 28. E. Lat. 47. 3. N. Pop. 1,300.— Here
was established the first printing press in Switz
erland, in 1475. About 3 miles from the town
is a sulphurous fountain and baths.
Burgein, X. Egypt; 15 N. Ashmuneim.
Burgel, X. Ger., in Weimar, on the Saal ; 15
ESE. Weimar. Lon. 11. 44. E. Lat. 50.55.N.
Pop. 1,100.
Burgel, see Mark Burgel.
Burgeo, isl. near S. coast of Newfoundland ;
66 NW. Miquelon. Lon. 57. 35. W. Lat. 47.
35. N.
Burgee, isl. S. of Newfoundland. Lon. 57. 37.
W. Lat. 47. 16. N.
Burgeltstown, p-t. Washington co. Pa. ; W.
248. Burgh, X. Eng., in Lincoln, near the sea coast,
with a weekly market on Thursday; 5 NW.
Wainfleet, 127 N. London. Lon. 0. 15. E. Lat.
53. 12. N. Pop. 709.
Burgh Head, cape, Scotland, on the coast of
Murray ; 8 NE. Forres. Lon. 3. 24. W. Lat.
57. 41. N. Near it is a small town or village,
with about 400 inhabitants, situated on a fine
bay. Burgh upon Sands, v. Eng., in Cumberland,
once a Roman station ; 5 NW. Carlisle.
Burghaun, or Burgkhaun, X. Hesse Cassel, in
Fulda, on the Hann, with 2 churches, one for
Roman Catholics, and the other for Lutherans ;
8 NNE. Fulda, 38 E. Marburg. Lon. 9. 43. E.
Lat. 50. 42. N. Pop. 985.
Burgliausen, t. Bavaria, circle of the Lower
Danube, on the Salza; 30 NNW. Salzburg,
50 E. Munich. Lon. 12. 47. E. Lat. 48. 5. N.
Pop. 3,010. It has a strong castle and 4 chh.
Burgholzhauscn, X. Ger. in Hanau; 10 N.
Frankfort on the Maine.

Burginiasium, now Schenck.
Burglen, X. Switz., in Zurich ; 14 E. Zurich.
Burglen, X. Switz., in the Thurgau; 4 NNW.
St. Gall.
Burgli, v. Switz., in Uri ; 3 miles from Altorf.
Burgo, (El,) X. Spain, in Grenada, a few
miles from Ronda. Pop. 1,500.
Burgo d'Osma, see Borgo d'Osma.
Burgee's Gap, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. ; W.
209. Burgong, X. Bengal ; 18 S. Pachete.
Burgos, city, Spain, and capital of Old Cas
tile, and of a province of the same name, situ
ated on the Alarcon ; 112 N. Madrid, 142 N.
Toledo. Lon. 2. 40. W. Lat. 42. 21. N. Pop.
10,000. H. 2,020. Abp. see. It is a place of great
antiquity, and was once the residence of the
kings of Castile. It contains a citadel, a col
lege, 14 parish churches, 24 convents, 4 hospi
tals, and numerous public fountains. It is sur
rounded by old walls, and the streets are narrow,
winding, and gloomy. The cathedral is one of
the most beautiful and best preserved Gothic
structures in Spain. Before the middle of the
16th century, the kings of Castile divided their
time between Burgos and Toledo. — Pop. of the
province 470,600. Sq. m. 7,752.
Burgstadt, X. Saxony, in Schonberg ; 3 E.
Penig. Pop. 1,966.
Burgslal, X. Austria ; 12 SE. Ips. H. 100.
Burgsteinfurt,X. Pru. Westphalia, in Munster,
on the Aa. Pop. 1,300. It has a gymnasium.
Burgstorf X. Han., Hildesheim ; 2 N. Schladen.
Burglhan, t Bavaria ; 12 E. Schwabach.
Burgu, X. Africa, and principal place of a dis
trict, in the Lybian desert ; 210 S. Augela.
Lon. 22. 36. E. Lat. 25. 50. N. This district
is called Berdoa, by Delisle and D'Anville.
Burguetta, or Elburquetla, X. Spain, Navarre, .
in the valley of Ronceval ; 15 S. St. Jean Pie
de Port, 24 ENE. Pampeluna.
Burgui, X. Spain, in Navarre, situated on the
Esca, in the valley of Roncal.
Burguiller, X. Spain, Andalusia ; 9 Seville.
Burgundah, X. Hind., in Hydrabad ; 63 NW.
Rajahmundry. Burgundy, (Circle of) one of the 10 circles
of the German empire, erected in 1512, by
Maximilian. At its original formation it was
very extensive, and comprised, besides the free
county (Franche Comte,) of Burgundy, the
whole 17 provinces of the Netherlands. But
after the Dutch provinces declared their inde
pendence, and the southern part of the circle
was acquired by France, it consisted only of
the Spanish or Austrian Netherlands.
Burgundy, called also Burgundy Proper, or
Lower Bugundy, to distinguish it from Franche
Comte, or Upper Burgundy, before the revolu
tion, a' province of France, including Bresse,
Bugey, and Gex ; near 150 miles in length, and
more than 90 broad ; bordered E. by Franche
Comte, S. by Lyonnois, W. by Bourbonnois
and Nivernois, and N. by Champagne. The
Dijonnois, Auxerrois, Auxois, Autunois, Char-
olois, Briennois, Chalonois, and Maconois,
which take their names from the several towns
were included in this province. Dijon was the
capital. It is very fertile, and the wines are
much esteemed. It novy forms the departments

BUR

268

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of Aube, C6te-d'0r, Saone-and-Loire, and
Yonne. Burgur, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 20 W. Sumbul-
, pour. Burgushali, X. Persian Armenia ; 40 SE. Kan-
jan. Burhai, X. Hind., Oude ; 6 SSE. Manickpour.
Burhalia, X. Syria, in the pachalic of Damas
cus ; 10 NW. Damascus.
Burhampour, fort, ^Bengal ; 10 S. Moorshed
abad, 85 N. Calcutta.
Burhampour, city, Hind., capital of Candeish;
100 N. Aurungabad, 452 S. Delhi. Lon. 76.20. E.
Lat 21. 22. N. It is a large city, built on very
uneven ground ; the houses of earth, covered
with varnished tiles. The walls of the cas.tle are
very lofty, with battlements and large round
towers at intervals. The river Taptee washes
the walls, but the water being brackish, the
inhabitants are supplied from a large basin in
the Meydan. It has a considerable trade in fine
cotton, white and painted, plain and mixed
with gold and silver, for veils, shawls, hand
kerchiefs, Sic. ; but the city is much reduced
from its ancient grandeur. This town is the
head quarters of a singular sect of Mahometans,
named Borah, whose moulah or high priest re
sides here.
Burhampour, X. Bengal, on the Cossimbazar;
5 miles from Moorshedabad.
Burhar, t> Hind., in Oude, on the Dewah; 27
S. Gooracpour.
Burhurva, X. Hind., in Bahar; 15 S. Bettiah.
Buri, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 6 S. Udina.
Buriah, r. Hind., which runs into the Jumnah,
20 S. Delhi.
Buriano, X. Tuscany, in Sienna, near the lake
of Castiglione ; 16 S. Montieri.
Burias, one of the Philippine islands, in the
East Indian sea, about 40 miles in length, from
NW. to SE., and from 3 to 10 broad. Lon. 122.
43 to 123. 12. E. Lat. 12. 46. to 13. 16. N.
Buriats, Buraty, or Bratsky, tribe of Tartars,
Siberia, in Irkutsk, inhabiting on lake Baikal,
and the rivers Angara and Sena. They are
pagans; said to be honest and sincere; in fea
tures resembling the Kalmucks. Number of
males paying tribute computed at 58,097.
Burich, X. Baden ; 5 miles from Philipsburg.
Burieh, or Budcrick, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-
Berg, in Cleves, on the Rhine ; 18 E. Cleves.
Fop. 936. It is remarkable for a victory, which
the troops of the emperor Otho the great ob
fained over the Lorrainers.
Buries, X. on the SE. coast of Timor. Lon.
126. 2. E. Lat. 8. 50. S.
Burk's Canal, inlet on W. coast of N. Ameri
ca. Lon. 232. 10. E. Lat. 51. 57. N. The
entrance is between the continent of New-
Hanover and S. part of King's island.
Burka, or Varaque, s-p. Arabia, in Oman, on
E. coast ; 40 NW. Mascat Lat. 23. 48. N. It
is the residence of the Imam of Mascat, and is
well fortified. Limes are always to be had by
seamen, and in summer months fruits and veg
etables are plentiful ; cattle, sheep, and fowls
are good ; and the inhabitants are well supplied
with excellent fish, on which they chiefly live.
Burke, co. W. part of North Carolna. Pop.

in 181P; 11,007; slaves, lt,433: Pop. ii»lS20,
13,411. Chief town, Morgantown.
Burke, co. N. part of Georgia. Pop. in 1810,
10,858. ; slaves, 4,691. Pop. in 182Q; 11,557.
Chief town, Waynesborough.
Burke, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 20 NNE. Dan
ville, 45 NE. Montpelier, W. 534, Pop. 541.
Burlcee, X. Hind, in 'Gohud ; 25 N. Narwa.
Burken, X. Baden ; 16 NNE. Heilbron, 27 E.
Heidelberg, Pop. 942.
Burkersdorf t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 S.
Zwickau. Pop. 1,074.
Burkerstorf X. Austria ; 8 W. Vienna.
Burkesville, p-t. Cumberland co. Ken., about
50 E. Bowling Green, W- 708. Pop. in 1810,
106. It is the chief town of the county, and
contains a bank.
Burkhausen, see Burghausen.
Burkheim, or Burkein, t. Baden, in Treisam,
in the Brisgaw ; 5 N. Brisach. Pop. 553.
Burkheim, or Purkheim, t. Bavaria ; 7 WSW.
Neuburg. Burkull, X. Hind., in the Candeish ; 70 N.
Burhampour. Burkurry, t. Bengal ; 36 ESE. Dacca.
Burkutta, X. Bengal ; 15 S. Currackdeah.
Buriats, X. France, in Tarn ; 4 E. Castas.
Pop. 1,192.
Burlaw, X. Courland ; 6 S. Libau.
Burlesdon, see Bursledon.
Burley on the Hill, v. Eng., in Rutland ; S
NNE. Okeham.
Burlington, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Chit
tenden co. Vt, on a bay of the same name on
lake Champlain ; 24 SSE. Plattsburg, 32 N-.
Middlebuiy, 38 WNW. Montpelier, 70 N.
Whitehall, 100 S. Montreal, 198 NW. Boston,
W. 501. Lon. 73. 15. W. Lat. 44. 28. N. Pop.
in 1810, 1,690; in 1820, 2,111. The village is
very finely situated, lying in the form of a par
allelogram, having its shortest side on the lake,
100 rods in length ; the other extending back
up a gradual ascent, a. mile from the water.
It contains a court house, a jail, a bank, 2'
printing offices, an academy, a university, 2
handsome Congregational meeting houses, one
of which is an elegant brick building ; 165
dwelling houses, and 50 stores, offices, and
mechanics' shops. Within the township, 1J
NE. from the centre of the village, there is
another village of about 30 houses; at the falls
of Onion river. These falls afford conveniences
for extensive manufacturing establishments.
Here are a woollen manufactory, a paper mill,
an oil mill, a plaster mill, 2 saw mills, and a
grist mill. Burlington is a flourishing town, of
more commercial importance, than any other
in Vermont. About 10 sloops, of from 70 to 100.
tons, which navigate the lake, are owned here.
Two weekly newspapers are published at this
place. The University of Vermont was incorporated
in 1791. The college edifice is a spacious and
elegant, brick building, 4 stories high, 160 feet
long, 75 wide in the central part, and 45 on the
wings, eontaing a chapel, 7 rooms for public
uses, and 46 for students. It is finely situated
on the east side of the village, one mile- distant
from lake Champlain, on an elevation, accord
ing to Capt. Partridge, of 245 feet above the

BUR

269-

BUR

surface of the water, and- commands; an exten
sive and delightful prospect of the lake,, with
its islands, of the high mountains along the
western shore, and the surrounding country.
The libraiy contains 8, or 900 volumes. The
philosophical apparatus is. tolerably, complete..
The funds of the institution consist chiefly in
lands, amounting to about 30,000 acres ; of
which only about 6,400 acres are as yet leased.
The board of trustees is composed of the
governor of the state, the speaker of the house
of representatives, and the president of the
university, ex officiis, together with 15 gentle
men, chosen by the legislature, and holding
their offices 9 years, but capable of a reappoint
ment. The executive government consists of a
president and 6 professors; 1 of languages, 1 of
mathematics and natural philosophy, 1, of sur
gery and the theory and practice of physic, 1
of anatomy and physiology, 1 of chemistry and
pharmacy, and 1 gf botany and materia medica.
The number of undergraduates, in 1821, was 35.
The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday
in August. There are are only two vacations ;
one from commencement, 4 weeks ; the other
from the 2d Wednesday in December, 9 weeks.
The exercises of this institution were sus
pended for two years during the late war, and
the students were all dismissed. In. August
1815 it was reorganized.
Burlington, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 12
NNW. Boston, W. 476. Pop. 508.
Burlington, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. ; 17 W.
Hartford, W. 342. Pop. 1,360.
Burlington, p-t. Otsego, co. N. Y. ; 12 W.
Cooperstown, 78 W. Albany, W. 366. Pop.
2,457. It is a good agricultural town, and
contains 4 houses for public worship.
Burlington, co. N. J. ; bounded NE. by Mid
dlesex and Monmouth cos., E. by Little Egg
Harbour bay, S. by Gloucester co., and NW.
by the Delaware, and Hunterdon co. Pop. in
1810, 24,879 ; in 1820, 28,822. Chief towns,
Mount Holly and Burlington.
Burlington, city, Burlington co. N. J., on the
Delaware, a little below Bristol, on the oppo
site side ; 20 NE. Philadelphia by water, and
17 by land, W. 162. Pop. in 1810, 2,419 ; in
1820, 2,758. The most populous part is situated
on an island in the Delaware, \\ m. long, and
and J in. wide, communicating with the main
land by 4 bridges and causeways. It oontains
a court house, a market house, an academy, a
public libraiy, and 4 houses of public worship ;
1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, 1 for Bap
tists, and 1 for Methodists ; and has some man
ufactures. It is a pleasant town, favourably
situated, and has a good harbour. It has been
made a port of entry, but carries on no foreign
trade. In 1816 it had 302 tons of shipping.
Burlington, X. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 561.
Burlington, X. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 140.
Burlington, X. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 489.
Burlington, or Bridlington, s-p. Eng., in York ;
26 N. Beverly, nearly in the meridian of Lon
don. Lat. 54. 7. N. Pop. 3,741. It is situat
ed, in a bay of the German sea, which affords
a good harbour to vessels in strong gales which
blow from NNW. and NE. \X has a market on
Saturday.

BarUngtom Bay, on W. end of lake Ontario,
BMrlo, t. Pru., Mnnater; 4; NNW. Borcheu.
Burmali, see Birmah.
Burmee, X. Bengal ; 16 SSW. Curruckdeah,
Burmool, a small fortified village on the fron»
tiers of Cattaok. Lon. 85. 10. E. Lat. 20, 21. N.
Bumey's Isl anils, in the Frozen ocean, near
NW. coast of Russia, about 4 miles in circ
Lon. 182. 30. E. La^. 67. 45. N.
Burnham, X. Eng,., in Essex, on N. side of the
river Crouch ; famous for its. oysters; 10 SB.
Maiden. Bop. 1,05,6.
BurnhamrMarkiet; s«p. Eng., in, Norfolk, with
a good harbour, and considerable trade in.corn ;
34 NW. Norwich,. 12&NNE. London. Lon. 0.
48. E. Lat. 53. 4. N. Pop. 845.
Burnley^ t. Eng., in Lancaster, near a. navi
gable canal from. Leeds, to Liverpool ; 26 N.
Manchester, 207 NNW. London. Lon. 2. 17.
W. Lat. 56; 10, N. Pop. 4,368. Here are
manufactures of woollen, and cotton, with
printing houses, dying houses, mills, Sic.
BurnUsoat Island, small isl. on the coast of
Maine, Hancock co. Pop. 218.
Bturntr Island, isl. in Christmas sound, at the
S. extremity of S. America.
Burntisland, or Bmmlisland, t. Scot., in Fife,
and a royal borough ; 9 E. Dunfermline. Pop.
1,934. It is. situated on N. side of the Frith of
Eorth, formerly a place of great trade ; the
harbour is good, deep, and large.
Burnt Island, small island in the Atlantic,
near the coast of Maine. Lon. 68. 15; W. Lat.
44. 9. N.
Burnt Island, small, isl, near the Si coast of
Newfoundland ; 15 ESE. cape Ray. Lon. 56.
0. W. Lat 47. 16. N.
Burnt Islands, cluster of islands in the Indian
sea, WNW. Goa. Lon. 73. 30. E. Lat. 15. 50. N.
Burnt Island, see Polino.
Burnt Island, see Blanche Island.
Bumtlodge, r. N. A., which runs into the Mis
souri, 6 W. Bratton's river.
Burntwood, see Brentwood.
Burntwood, r. and lake, N. America. Lon
99. W. Lat. 56. N.
Burnugger, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 20 NW. Go-
ragot Buroda, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 15 E. Bur
hampour. Buronzo, X. Italy ; 12 NW. Vercelli.
Burow, X. Ger., in Anhalt ; 3 W. Coswick.
Bwrpally, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 10 W. Surnbul-
pour. Burpudda, t. Hind., in Orissa; 7 NNE. Har-
riopour. Burr, small island in the Irish sea, near the
coast of Down ; 12 S. Donaghadee. Lon. 5
21. W. Lat. 54.28. N.
Burra, large and fertile mountain of Arabia,
near Homran.
Burraboom, X. Bengal, Midnapour ; 65 NW.
Midnapour. Lon. 23. 5. N. Lon. 86. 30. E.
Burradirga, X. Bengal ; 35 ESE. Dinagepour.
Burradirga, X. Bengal, Bajoohow ; 7 WSW.
Jalalgunge. Lon. 88. 34. E. Lat. 25. 26. N.
Burragong, X. Hind., Oude ; 15 SW. Fyzabad
Burragunge, X. Hind., Oude ; 20 S. Baraiteb
Burragur, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 38 W. Ganjam
Burrah, X. Bengal.; 52 NW Ramgur.

BUR"

270

BUR

Burrakeera, t. Hind., in Berar ; 6 W. Akoat.
Burramootee X. Hind., in Visiapour; 38 SE.
Poonah. Burrampooter, or Brahmapootra, or Sampoo,
i. Asia, which rises in Thibet, not far from the
source of the Ganges, and takes an easterly
direction through Thibet to within about 220
miles of China ; then turns to a direction south
of west, and joins the Ganges below Lucki-
pour, 40 miles above its entrance into the bay
of Bengal. Though the Ganges and Burram
pooter rise near each other, yet in one part of
their course they are about 1,200 miles distant.
Length about 1,600 miles.
' Burrampour, X. Hind., in the circar of Cica
cole ; 15 SW. Ganjam.
Burrapalong, X Bengal ; 65 S. Islamabad.
Burrapour, t. Hind., in Oude ; 13 NE. Fy
zabad. Burrapungah, one of the branches of the
river Ganges, which runs into the bay of Ben
gal, Lon. 89. 31. E. Lat. 21. 43. N.
Burrard's Canal, inlet of the gulf of Geor
gia, on W. coast of N. America, within point
Gray. Lon. 237. 6. E. Lat. 49. 20. N. The
shores on S. side are of moderate height, and
though rocky, well covered with trees, chiefly
pines. Burrasat, X. Bengal ; 15 NE. Nuldingah.
Burraserai, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 17 NE.
Burrawnay. Burrashegur,X. Bengal; 12 ESE. Kishenagur.
Barraway Gaut, mt. Hind., in Bahar; 22
WSW. Saseram.
Burrawney, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 45 NE.
Burhampour. Lon. 76. 50. E. Lat. 21. 54. N.
Burray, one of the Orkney islands, about 4
miles long, and 1 broad. Lon. 2. 47. W. Lat.
68. 44. N. Pop. 320. It lies between Pomona
and South Ronaldsay.
Burray, one of the Shetland islands, about
10 miles long, but narrow. Lon. 1. 39. W.
Lat. 60. 5. N.
Burree, t. Hind., Allahabad ; 8 SSW. Corah.
Burrellville, t Providence co. R. I., in NW.
corner of the state ; about22 WNW. Providence.
Fop. 2,164. It is a large township, the surface
uneven, but the lands are well adapted to graz
ing. It contains a bank.
Burriage, see Bahraitch.
Burriana, X. Spain, in Valencia, near the sea;
30 N. Valencia. Pop. 6,300.
Burriapour, X. Hind., Bahar ; 33 SW. Arrah.
BurrUVs Bay, on S. side of James river, Isle
of Wight co. Va. ; about 30 miles from Nor
folk. The depth of water from Hampton road
to this bay, is sufficient for ships of the largest
draft. Burriol, see Borriol.
Burrong, X. Hind., in Bahar; 7 N. Saseram.
Burronhutly, X. Bengal ; 29 E. Calcutta.'
Burrough's Bay, bay on W. coast of N. A.,
ih Benin's canal. Lon. 228.54. E. Lat.55.55.N.
Burrow, v. Eng., in Leicestershire ; near it,
on an eminence, is an ancient entrenchment.
Camden places here the ancient Vernometum.
Burrow Head, cape on S. coast of Scot. Lon.
4. 16. W. Lat. 54.41. N.
Burrowbridge, see Boroughbridge.
Bttrrowstounness, see BorrowstownnesSi

Burrlown, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C. ; W. 498.
Burrville, see Clinton.
Burma, t. Bengal, in Hoogly ; 10 S. Cossim-
bazar. Burruak, t. Hind., Cattack ; 26 NE. Cattack.
Burrunghaut, X. Hind., in Oude ; 44 WNW,
Fyzabad. Burruntur, t. Bengal ; 75 NNE. Dacca.
Burrutpour, t. Bengal, in Futtasing ; 20 S.
Moorshedabad. Bur-rye, or Hell, t. Bengal ; 25 NNE. Calcutta.
Bursa, or Brusd, (an. Prusa, or Prusia,) city,
A. Turkey, in Natolia, capital of a sangiac; 60
S. Constantinople. Lon. 29. 12. E. Lat. 40. 1 1.
N. Pop. variously stated from 40,000, to 120,
or 130,000. It is situated on a spacious plain at
the foot of mount Olympus, and, including the
suburbs, is about 6 miles in circuit. It is sur
rounded with walls, and occupies eminences on
each side of a height, which is surmounted by
a castle. The castle, supposed to be the an
cient city of Prusa, is about a mile in circ,
environed by a wall, which indicates its erec
tion at a very remote period. Springs rise in
various parts of the city, some medicinal, and
some hot, and here are batbs in great repute.
It is one of the finest cities in Natolia, and
contains 366 mosques, 3 Greek churches, 1
Armenian, and 4 synagogues, and it is the seat
of a Greek and an Armenian archbishop. The
inhabitants consist of Turks, Greeks, Armeni
ans, ahd Jews. The manufactures are carpets,
satins, silk stuffs, gauze, Sic The bazars are fill
ed with various kinds of merchandise, and the
caravans, which go from Aleppo and Smyrna
to Constantinople, add much to its commerce.
It was the capital of the Turkish empire pre
vious to 1452, when the seat of government
was transferred to Constantinople. — Native,
the physieian Aselepiades.
Bursali, see Salum.
Bursamah, t. Hind., in Bahar; 40 SSW. Patna.
Bursawar, t. Hind. ; 28 W. Allahabad.
Bursch, see Birs.
Burscheidt, X. Pru. Lower-Rhine, near Aix-
la-Chapelle. Pop. 4,175. Here are warm baths.
Bursee, X. Bengal ; 8 E. Islamabad.
Burseeah, X. Bengal ; 6 S. Calcutta.
Burseeah, X. Hind., Malwa; 90 E. Ougein.
Bursin, countiy, Africa, S. Baol, about Lat.
14. N.
Bursledon, v. Eng., on the S. coast of the
county of Hants, situated on a branch of the
Southampton water, where are yards for ship
building ; 5 E. Southampton.
Burslem, X. Eng., in Stafford, celebrated for
its pottery ; 3 N. Newcastle-under-Line. Pop.
8,625. Bursool, X. Bengal ; 10 ESE. Burdwan.
Bursladt, X. Bavaria, in Lower-Maine, on the
Maine; 2E. Miltenburg. Pop. 1,000.
Burtapour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 10 NNW. Fy
zabad. Burton, X. Strafford co. N. H. ; 88 NNW.
Portsmouth. Pop. 209.
Burton, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio, on the Cuya
hoga, about 10 SE. Chardon, W. 342. Pop.
506. Here is an academy.
Burton, t. New Brunswick, on the river St.
John. Lon. 66. 1&. W. Lat. 45. 53. N.

BUS

271

BUS

Burton, or Burton in Kendal, t. Eng. in West
moreland, near the mouth of the river Ken,
With a weekly market on Thursday; 11 N.
Lancaster, 245 N. London. Pop, 574.
Burton upon Stather, X. Eng., in Lincoln, with
a weekly market on Monday; 31 N. Lincoln,
165 N. London. Pop. 526.
Burton upon Trent, t. Eng., in Stafford, on
W. side of the Trent, long celebrated for its
malt and ale; 11 SW. Derby, 124-NNW. Lon
don. Lon. 1. 36. W. Lat. 52. 50. N. Pop. 3,979.
Besides the Trent, it has communications, by
means of canals, either immediately or inter
mediately, with Liverpool, Bristol, Birming.
ham, Coventry, London, Manchester, Hull, Sic.
Sic The market is well supplied, and held on
Thursday. Burtonsville, p-v. Orange co. Va. ; W. 108.
Burtrask, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia; 40 N.
Umea. Buna, X. Bengal; 27 NNW. Bettiah.
Burugerd, X. Persia, in Irak ; 35 E. Nehavend.
Buruluk, X. Russia, in Voronez ; 96 SW. Vo
ronez. Burun, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 60 E.
Emboli. Burunnintapchara, cape in the Caspian sea ;
112 S. Guriev. Lon. 63. 14. E. Lat. 52.50. N.
Buruz, (an. Cibyra,) t. A. Turkey, in Nato
lia ; 30 SSE. Degnizlu.
Burwa, small pr. Bengal, bounded NW. by
Palamow, E. by Nagpour, and SW. by a part
of Orissa, of a triangular form, and about 60
miles in circ. Burwa is the capital.
Burwa, X. Bengal, and capital of a province
nf the same name ; 160 S. Patna, 225 W. Cal
cutta. Lon. 84. 29. E. Lat. 23. 2. N.
Burwa, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 28 NNE. Cattack.
Burwahdy, X. Bengal ; 5 NNE. Curruckdeah.
Burwash,X. Eng., in Sussex; 8 NNW. Battle.
Pop. 1,524.
Bury,X. Hind., in Berar; 12 W. Coomtah.
Bury, X. Eng., in Lancaster, on a oanal which
goes to Manchester; 9 N. Manchester, 190
NNW. London. Lon. 26. W. Lat. 53. 56. N.
Pop. 8,762. Here are large manufactures of
woollen and cotton, and calico printing carried
on. The market is on Thursday.
Bury St. Edmund's, X. Eng., in Suffolk ; 43
SSW. Norwich, 72 NNE. London. Lon. 0. 50.
E. Lat. 52. 20. N. Pop. 7,986. It owes its
name to a celebrated abbey, esteemed one of
the largest and richest in the kingdom. The
town is situated in a healthy spot, and has been
called on that account, the Montpelier of Eng
land. The river on which it stands is naviga
ble from Lynn. It is a borough, and sends two
members to parliament. There are two week
ly markets, on Wednesday and Saturday. The
county assizes are held here.
Burzano, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 10
ENE. Bova.
Burzet, X. France, in Ardeche ; 15 W. Privas.
Pop. 2,600.
Busam, X. Bengal ; 4 S. Toree.
Busana, X. Italy, in Modena; 17 Reggio.
Buscancy, X. France, in Aisne ; 4 S. Soissons.
Buska, X. Piedmont, on the Maira ; 7 W. Co-
ni. Pop. 7,500.
Busaco, convent, Portugal, in Beira, on a

ridge called the Sierra de Busaco, extending K
from the Mondego, memorable for an action
fought near it in 1810, between the French
under Massena, and the English under Wel
lington. Buschdorf t. Prussia ; 30 ESE. Konigsberg.
Buschoff, X. Courland ; 8 S. Seelburg.
Busegana, X. Italy, Padua ; 4 WNW. Padua.
Buselheim, X. Bav. ; 4 W. Volckach.
Busendorf X. Bav. ; 13 N. Bamberg.
Buseno il Foresta, X. Aust. Italy, Padua ; 1 1
SSE. Padua.
Busento, r. Naples, which runs into the sea,
near Policastro.
Buseo, v. Wallachia, capital of a district, on a
river of the same name, which falls into the
Sireth. It formerly had 1,500 houses. Greek
bp. see.
Bush, r. Ireland, which runs into the sea, 3
SW. Bengore head.
Bush, r. Md., which runs into Chesapeak bay,
below Harford.
Bush Creek, r. Pa., which runs into the Dela
ware, in S. part of Wayne co.
Bush Key, or Little Key, islet, near S. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 84. 40. W. Lat. 21. 26. N.
Busheab, or Shech Schaub, isl. in the Persian
gulf, about 12 miles long, and 4 or 5 broad,
low, well planted with trees, and inhabited.
Lon. 53. 4. E. Lat. 27. 2. N.
Busheer, or Bushire, or Abuschahr, or Bender
Boshavir, s-p. Persia, in Farsistan ; 20 S. Ben
der Rigk, 100 WSW. Shiras. Lon. 50. 43. E.
Lat 28. 58. N. Pop. stated from 5, to 10,000,
H. 1,200. It is the principal sea-port of Persia,
situated on the Persian gulf, on the western
extremity of a peninsula, 11 miles long and 4
broad. It is surrounded on 3 sides by water,
and on the land side fortified by a mud wall,
mounting 12 pieces of cannon. The streets
are narrow and meanly built, though the town
presents a handsome appearance at a distance.
Fruits and provisions are cheap and excellent,
but the water, which is very bad, must be
brought 2 miles; and good water 16 miles.
The trade is considerable. The exports are
Persian commodities, such as carpets, wine of
Shiraz, rose water, drugs, pearls, and cotton ;
the imports India goods and English broad
cloth. The English East India company have
a factory here.
Bushkill, X. Northampton co., Pa. Pop. 1,262.
Bushmen, or Bosjesmas, or Boshies-men, sa
vage people, Africa, residing about the sources
of Orange river ; so called from their residing
among the bushes in order to shoot travellers.
Bushtown, see Harford, Md.
Bushwick, X. Kings co., Long/island, N. Y., on
N. side of Brooklyn, and on East river. Pop.
930. Bushy Island, isl. in the Duke of Clarence's
strait, between the Duke of York's island, and
the Prince of Wales' Archipelago.1 Lon. 227.
18. E. Lat. 56. 17. N.
Busir, X. Egypt ; 18 SW. Cairo.
Busir, X. Egypt, on the borders of the Nile ;
7 NW. Ashmunein.
Busir, X. Egypt ; 12 SW. Atfieh.
Busiris, ancient city, Egypt, in the middle of
the Delta, now Abusir.

BUS

272

BUT

Busk, ¦see Bwask.
Busk, X. AnstrianGalioia,tcircle of Zlockzow,
on the Bug ; 25 ENE. Lemberg, 50 N. Halicz.
-Fop. 1,800. 4 chh.
Buskirk's Bridge, p-v. Washington co., N. Y.;
W. 433.
Buskonj small isl. On W. side of the gulf ofj
Bothnia. Lon, 21. 18. E. Lat. 65. 3. N.
Buso, t. Italy, in Rovigo ; 3 SE. RovigO.
Busobiteja, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the j
Euphrates ; 18 NW. Nausa.
Busodra, X. Arabian Irak ; 90 NW. Bassora.
Busow, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 18 NW. Ol
mutz. Busowrah, or Bbosowrah, t. Hind., in the j
Candeish; 25 SSW. Burbanpour.
Bussai, X. Hind., Allahabad; 10 SE. Pannaih.
Bussam, X. Africa, on the Ivory coast. Lon,
4. 15. W. Lat. 5. 15. N.
Bussanpour, t. Hind., in Allahabad; 30 SE,
CaFlinger. Bussarelh, see Bosra.
Bussary, X. Hind., Malwa ; 10 NE. Kihrlassa
Busseah, X. Bengal ; 15 S. Doesa.
Bussd, X. France, Allier ; 5 SE. Cusset
Bussetlo, X. Italy, in Piacenza; 8 SE. -Cremo
na, 17 E. Piacenza.
Bussi, Bussissi, or Boississi, isl. on the coast
of Africa, near Bissao. Lat. 11. 45. N.
Bussiere-Badet, X. France, in Dordogne ; ,8
N. Nontron. Pop. 1,230.
•Bussiern-Galdnde, X. France, in Upper-Vi-
enne ; 15 SW. Limoges.
Bussiere Poitevine, t. France, in Upper-Vi-
-enne ; 10 NW. BeTlac H, 290.
Bussieres, t. France, in Upper-Marne ; 12
SE, Langres.
Bussuoh, X. Hind., in Oude ; 20 NE. Goorac-
pour. Bussolm, X. Piedmont, on the Doria ; 3 S.
'Susa. Bussoo, t. Hind., Allahabad ; 20 W. Jionpour.
Bussovatz, X. Bosnia; 20 S. Serajo.
Bussundur, X. Kemaoon ; 200 ENE. Delhi.
Lon . 80. 42. E. Lat 29. 47. N.
Bussimpour}X. Hind. ; 80 SW. Allahabad.
BussUnt, X. Hind., Bahar ; 22 N. Hajypour.
Lon. 85. 17. E. Lat. 26. 2. N.
Bussy le Grand, t. France, in C6te-d'Or; 12
NE. Semur en Auxois.
Bust, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast Of Lapland. Lat. 66. 40. N.
Buslar, t. Hind., Orissa ; 23 "E. Harriopdur.
Bustard Bay, bay on E. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 208. 18. W. Lat. 24. 4. S.
Bustard -River, r. Canada, which runs into
the river St. Lawrence, 7 W. Manicougan
'Point. Bustee, X. Hind., Oude ; 30 W. Gooracpour.
Bustereh, (an. Cybistra,) X. A. Turkey, in Ca
ramania ; 34 S. Kaisarieh, 130 SE. Konieh.
Bustia, X. Albania ; 52 WSW. Delfino.
Bustion,X. Persia, in Laristan, near the gulf;
60 SE. Lar.
Bustletown, p-t. Philadelphia co., Pa.; 14'
NE. Philadelphia. Here is an academy.
Busto Grande, X. Italy; 16 NW. Milan.
Busvagon, oneof the Calamine islands, about
Lat. 12. N. Length about 50 miles, average
breadth about 13.

Busulgino, settlement, Siberia, on the ilndi-
girda ; 288 NNE. Zaschiversk.
Rusumfi. Persia, Ardirbeitzan ; 12 S. Ardebil,
Busy, t. and fort, St. Domingo, near Port au
Prince. Busza, t.iPbdolia; 52 SW. Barclaw.
Buszedul, X. Walachia ; 75 NE. Bucharest
Butang, X. on N. coast of Java. Lon. 109, ,
51. E. Lat. 6.46. S.
Butcher's Island, small isl. near W. coast of
Hind. ; about 6 miles from Bombay.
ButasZany, X. Moldavia ; 42 NNW. Jassy, 68
S. Choczira. Lon. 27. 3. E. Lat, 4,7. 44. N.
Bute, co. Scot, formed of two islands, Arran
and Bute, and a few smaller ones situated at
the frith of Clyde,- S. of the county of Argyle,
and W. of that of Ayr. Pop. 12,031
Bute, isl. Scot, in the frith of Clyde, and
forming, with Arran, a county, to which it
gives name ; about 12 miles long from N. to S.
and 5 broad from E. to W., separated from the
county of Argyle by a narrow channel, and
the same from the isle, of Arran. Lon. 4. 50.
W. Lat. 55. 48. N. The northern parts are
mountainous, but yield good pasture ; the rest
of the island bears corn. There are 5.church-
es in the island, and several fishing villages ;
the chief place is Rothesay. Pop. 5,824.
Bute's Canal, inlet on W. coast of N. Ameri
ca, in the gulf of Georgia, where Captain Van
couver found a village situated on the face of a
steep rock, containing. about 150 Indians. Lon.
of the village, 325. 8. E. Lat. 50. 24. N.
Bulera, X. Sicily, Mazara; 15 ENE. Alicate.
Buthrotutk,lnow Butrinto.
Buli, X. Tusc, oh the Arno ; 20 NE. Leghorn.
Buli, r. Circassia, which runs into the Cuban,
30. E. Taman.
Butlass, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 4 SW. Buddakano.
Butler, co., W. part of Pa., bounded N. by
Venango co., E. by Armstrong CO., S.iy Alleg
hany co., W. by Beaver co., arid NW. by Mer
cer co. Pop. in 1810, 7,346; in 1820, 10,193.
Butler, bor. p-t and cap. Butler co., Pa.,
about 25 W. Kitanning, 40 N. Pittsburg, W. 230.
Pop. 225 ; including the township 697.
Butler, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. in 1810,
11.150 ; in 1820, 21,746. Chief town, Hamilton.
Butler, co. Ken. ; W. 428. Pop. in 1810,
2,181 ; slaves 274. Pop. in 1820, 3,083.
Butler. X. Columbianaco., Ohio. Pop. 998.
Butler, t. Darke co., Ohio. Pop. 323.
Butler, X. Montgomery co., Ohio. Pop. 1,640.
Butler, co. Alabama. Pop. 1,405.
Butler's Bay, bay on N. side of an island, in
the straits of Magellan, small, and surrounded
with rocks. Lon. 74. 9. W. Lat. 53. 45. S.
Butler's Key, small isl. in the Spanish Maine,
near the MosqUito shore. Lon. 82. W. Lat. 15.
2. N.
Butler Island, small isl. on the coast of Maine,
Hancock co. Pop. 10.
Butlirigm, X. Han., Luneburg, on the Netze;
9 NNW. Luneburg.
Butow, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Coslin ; 28 E.
Polno, 39 NE. New Stettin. Lon. 16. 22. E.
Lat. 54.6. N. Pop. 1,224.
Bulpbur,X Hind., Oude,; 25 NNE. Kairabad.
Butrinto, s-p. Albania, on a gulf to which it
gives name, in the canal of Corfu ; 56 WSW.

BUT

273

BUZ

Delfino. Lon. 20. 15. E. Lat. 40. 4. N. Pop,
2,000. Greek bp. see. The principal employ
ment is fishing. The ruins of the ancient Buthfo-
turn lie about a league from the town.
Bulschawitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 17 ESE.
Brunn. Pop. 1,800.
Butt of Lewis, or Point of Oreby, the N. ex
tremity of the island of Lewis. Ldn. 6. 16,
W. Lat. 58. 31. N..
Buttah, t. Bengal; 5 W. Koonda.
Battel, X. Han., Bremen; 22 NNW. Bremen.
Butlelstedt, t. Ger., in Weimar ; 6 N. Weimar,
20. W. Naumburg. Lon. 11. 24. E. Lat 51.
7. N. Pop. 820.
Butten, t. Arabia ; 28. E. Chamir.
Bullena, X. Bengal ; 43 NNW. Purneah.
Buttenheim, X. Bav. ; 6 SSE. Bamberg. Pop.
.700. Buttera, t. Sicily, Demona ; 12 SW. Piazza.
Buttera, t. on the sea coast of Tunis; 24 SE.
El .lemma.
Butteree, X. Hind., Singrowla ; 7 W. Sajipour.
Bulterfelde, X. Pru. Brandenburg; 5 N. Baer
walde. Bullerhill, mt. N. Y», on W. side of the Hud
son, opposite to Breakneck hill, 3 below New-
burg. Height 1,529 feet.
Buttermilk Bay, NE. point of Buzzard's bay,
Mass. Butternuts, p-t Otsego co. N. Y., on the Una-
dilla; 12 SW. Cooperstown, 87 W. Albany,
W. 343. Pop. 3,601. It is a good agricultural
town, and contains a forge for making bar iron,
-and some water works.
Butternuts, r. N. Y., which runs into the Una-
dilla, in Oxford. Length, 30 miles.
Butterworlh, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near
Manchester. Pop. 4,872.
Buitevant, X. Ireland, in Cork, corporate and
governed by a mayor, but in a state of decay ;
20 N. Cork,
Bulthard, X. Bav. ; 6 SSW. Wurzburg. Pop.627.
Button Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 105. 48. E. Lat. 5. 49. S.
Button Island, small isl. in the Mergui Archi
pelago ; 3 W. from Olive island.
Butlonness, cape, Scot, on SE. extremity of
the county of Angus, in the German sea, at N.
coast of the entrance into the frith of Tay ; 9
E. Dundee. Lon. 2. 45. W. Lat. 56. 28. N.
Button's Bay, bay on N. part of Hudson's bay,
where sir Thomas Button attempted to disco
ver a NW. passage, but lost his ship, and came
home in a sloop made in the countiy.
Butlon's Islands, five small islands, at S. end
of Hudson's straits, near N. coast of Labrador ;
from 10 to 30 N. Cape Chidley. Lon. 65. 10.
W." Lat. 60. 18. to 60. 40. N.
Buttstadt, or Buttsledt, t Ger., in Weimar, on
the Losse ; 12 N. Weimar, 16 W. Naumburg.
Lon. 11. 28. E. Lat. 51. 10. N. Pop. 1,630. It
carries on a great trade in cattle with Poland
and Hungary.
Butty, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 53 NE. Junagur.
Butua, country, Africa, situated NW. of the
countiy of Mocaranga. Lat. 14. S.
Butua, now Budoa.
Butwrune, t. Brazil, St.Paul ; 50 NW. St. Paul.
Butzbach, X. Hesse, in Upper-Hesse, capital of
a district, situated in a plain, marshy but fer-
Vol. I. 35

tile ; 7 SSW. Giessen, 8 SSE. Wetzlaar. Lon.
8. 40. E- Lat. 50. 27. N. Pop. 1,855.
Butzbleler, see Abbenbleter. .,
Bulzow, X. Ger., in Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
on the Warna ; 14 NW. Gustrow, 24 NE.
Schwerin. Lon. 11. 55. E. Lat.53. 53. N. Pop.
2,635. Bungerkela, X. Hind., in Orissa; 28 NNE.
Gangpour. Buxah, X. Hind., Allahabad; 10 W. Jionpour.
Buxadewar, or Buxaduar, or Pasaka, X. Asia,
in Bootan ; 60 SSE. Tassasudon. Lon. 89. 30.
E. Lat. 26. 48. N. This is a place of great
natural strength, and here is a remarkable pass.
The village contains only 10 or 12 houses.
Buxar, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the right bank
of the Ganges ; 54 NE. Benares, 70 SW. Patna.
A little to the westward of the fort is a temple
dedicated to the golden ram, the Mars of the
Hindoos. Buxar, X. Africa, in Cayor, on the right bank
of the Senegal, near the sea ; 32 N. from the
island of St. Louis. Lon. 16. W. Lat. 16. 30. N.
Buxaw, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 33 W. Arrah.
Buxe Fiord, bay on W. coast of West Green
land. Lon. 49. 40. W. Lat 64. 15. N.
Buxenlum, now Policastro.
Buxheim, X. Bavaria, circle of the Iller; 3
Memmingen. Buxheim, X. Wurtemberg, circle of lake Con
stance. Pop. 459.
Buxiduisy, X. Hind., Orissa ; 20 NE. Cattack.
Buxipour, X. Bengal ; 34 SSE. Moorshedabad.
Buxiehude, X. Hanover, in Bremen, on the
Este, which fills the ditches ; 16 WSW. Ham
burg, 18 SE. Stade. Lon. 9. 37. E. Lat. 53. 32.
N. Pop. 1,843.
Buxton, p-t. York co. Maine, on E. side of the
Saco, opposite to Hollis ; 8 NW. Saco, 40 NNE.
York, 118 NNW. Boston, W. 569. Pop. in 1810,
2,324 ; in 1820, 2,590. It is a considerable town.
Buxton, X. Eng., in Derby; 32 NNW. Der
by, 159 NNW. London. Pop. 934. It is cele
brated for its springs of warm water, said to be
sulphurous, but neither fcetid to the smell, nor
nauseous to the taste ; they were known to the
Romans, and are used both externally and inter
nally. Their virtues are said to be alterative
and deobstruent, and they are recommended in
nervous and rheumatic complaints. Here is a
manufacture of cotton.
Buxy, X. France, in Saflne-and-Loire ; 8 SW.
Ch&lons-sur-Saone. Pop. 1,602.
Buxygunge, X. Bengal ; 14 W. Goragot.
Buytrago, X. Spain, in New-Castile, on the
confines of Old-Castile, on the small river Lo-
zoya ; 18 E. Segovia, 86 N. Madrid. Lon. 3.
53. W. Lat. 41. 1. N. It is fortified, and is cel
ebrated for the wool collected in its environs.
Buytron,X. Spain, Andalusia; 27 SM . Seville.
Buyukdere, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, de
fended by a castle ; 12 NNW. Constantinople.
It is the usual summer residence of several am
bassadors. Buza, X. Transylvania ; 16 NNE. Clausenburg.
Buzabad, X. Persia, in Irak ; 15 SE. Cashan.
Buzangois, X. France, in Indre; 11 WNW
Ch&teauroux, 12 ESE. Chatillon sur Indre
Pop. 3,199.
Buzaney, X. France, Ardennes ; 6 N. Grand'
pre, 16 S. Sedan. Pop. 774.

BYK

274

BZO

Buzaw, see Butzow.
Buzet, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 13 NE.
Toulouse, 18 SE. Montauban. Pop. 1,029.
Buzeo, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia ; 75 NNE.
Bucharest, 110 S. Jassy. Lon. 26. 51. E. Lat.
45. 28. N.
Buzjan, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 90 NNW. Herat.
Buzikina, t. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 220 E. Eni-
seisk. ' Buzim, X. Russia, Tobolsk ; 80 NNE. Tomsk.
Buzok, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 21 SW.
Tschurum. Buzrah, X. Bengal ; 8 WNW. Colinda.
Buzuleitzsk, X. Russia, in Upha, on the Sama
ra; 172 SW. Upha, 856 SE. Petersburg.
Buzy, X. France, in Meuse ; 4 SE. Estain, 13
E. Verdun.
Buzzard's Bay, bay on S. coast of Mass., oppo
site Barnstable bay. It sets up between Seakon-
net point on the west, and Chatahunk, one of
the Elizabeth islands, on the east; 35 or 40 miles
long, and 7 wide. It approaches within 3£ miles
of Barnstable bay. It has been contemplated
to unite these bays by a canal. Lon. 70. 33. to
71. 10 W. Lat. 41. 25. to 41. 42. N.
Byans, t. France, Doubs ; 10 SW. Besancon.
Byarem, X. Hind., in the Telligana countiy ;
60 E. Warangole, 89 NE. Hydrabad. Lon. 80.
15. E. Lat. 17. 50. N.
Byarum, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 13 S. Jon-
kioping. Byarum, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 3 S. Cossim-
cotta. Byarum, X. Hind., in Rajahmundry ; 15 ENE.
Rajahmundry. Byberry, t Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 876.
Byblus, now Esbelc.
Byblus, now Babel.
Byce, X. Hind., Oude ; 8 NNW. Nidjibabad.
Bydell, X. Bengal, and chief town of the pro
vince of Bhoderrah; 20 WSW. Dinagepour.
Lon. 88. 25. E. Lat. 25. 36. N-
Byerley, (North,) X. Eng., in the West-Riding
of Yorkshire, near Bradford. Pop. 4,766.
Byfield, parish, Mass., partly in Rowley, and
partly in Newbury ; 4 SW. Newburyport Pop.
755. It is situated round the head of the tide,
on the river Parker, and between this and Mill
river. Dummer Academy, which is well endow
ed, and has a good library, is in this parish,
near Newburyport turnpikp.
Byga, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 40 N. Ramgur.
Bygongong, X. Bengal ; 23 SW. Dinagepour.
Bygdea, t.Sweden, West-Bothnia ; 20 NNE.
Umea. Bygdea Sten, small isl. on W. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 20. 42. E. Lat. 64. 2. N.
Bygelands, t. Norway ; 28 N. Christiansand.
Bygenbary, or Bygonbarry, X. Bengal ; 64 N.
Dacca. Lon. 90. 26. E. Lat. 24. 46; N.
Byk, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs' into the
Dneister, 6 NW. Bender.

Byker, t. Eng., Northumberland ; 2 E. New*
castle. Pop. 3,029.
Bykontpour, X. Bengal, in Bootishazary, on
the borders of Bootan ; 12 NE. Sanasbygotta.
Bykontpour, t. Bengal, in Burdw&n ; 5 E. Burd
wan. Lon. 98. 4. E. Lat. 23. 14. N.
Bykontpour, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the left
bank of the Ganges ; 12 SE. Patna. Lon. 85.
23. E. Lat. 25. 28. N.
Bylce, now Gumish-Kaneh.
Bylan, X. Syria, Aleppo ; 8 NE. Alexandretta
Bynapour, X. Bengal ; 50 SE. Burdwan.
Bynce, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 8 N. Bettiah.
Byrahgur,X. Hind., in Goondwanah, 110 S.
by E. Ruttunpour. Lon. 83. E. Lat. 20. 25. N.
It is a place of some trade, contains about
300 houses, and has a stone fort.
Byraghy, X. Hind. Surgooja; 40 N.Surgooja.
Byrah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 18 E. Fyzabad.
Byram, X. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 672. It ad
joins to Newtown.
Byram, r. which rises in N. Y., and runs into
Long-Island sound. It forms, for a short dis
tance, the boundary between N. Y. and Con
necticut. Byramdurgam, t. Hind., in the Mysore ; 6
SW. Shevagunga.
Byrchanis, now Borcum.
Byrd, X. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,082.
Byreah, X. Bengal ; 22 SSE. Purneah.
Byree, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 35 W. Arrah.
Byron's Harbour, bay on N. coast of Egmont,
between Portland island and Berkley's point.
Byron's Bay, bay on E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 58. 25. W. Lat. 55. 8. N.
Byron's Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, dis
covered by commodore Byron, in the year
1765. Lon. 173. 16. E. Lat. 1. 18. S. It is a
low, flat island, about 12 miles in length, of a
delightful appearance, and full of wood, among
which the cocoa-nut tree was very conspicu
ous. The inhabitants are tall, well proportion
ed, and clean-limbed.
Byron's Strait, narrow sea, which divides
New-Ireland from New-Hanover.
ByschiZjX. Bohemia, Boleslaw ; 6 E. Melnik,
Byseml, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 18 W. Kotta.
Bystricza, X. Volhynia ; 80 NE. Lucko.
Bystrzice, see Habelschwerdt.
Bystryzca, X. Rus., in Wilna ; 24 NE. Wilna.
Byszow, X. Courland ; 42 SSW Goldingen.
Bysesch, (Gros,) X. Moravia, in Znaym; 30
N. Znaym, 42 W. Olmutz. Lon. 16. 9. E. Lat
49. 18. N.
Bytin, t. Rus., in Novogrodek ; 40 SSW. No-
vogrodek. Byurt, see Bieurt.
Bywell, v. Eng., Northampton ; 2 Corbridge.
Byzacium, ancient countiy of Africa, border*
ing on Syrtis ; now part of Tunis.
Byzantium, now Constantinople.
Bso, see Bisul.

c.

CAB
CAAB, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile, with a castle on an eminence, opposite
Asna. Here are some remains of an ancient
temple. Caaba, see Mecca.
Caade.it see Kadan.
C'aana, see Kent.
Caaleah, X. Bengal ; 5 NW. Mulshi.
Ca6, El, v. Egypt, on the Nile ; 10 N. Edfu.
Here is a castle and the remains of a temple.
Ca6a, t. on E. coast of the island of Gilolo.
Lon. 128. 12. E. Lat. 0. 27. N.
Cabdceiro, peninsula, Africa, on the E. coast,
opposite the island on which Mozambique is
situated; about 11 miles long, and 4 broad.
On this peninsula are situated the pleasure
houses of the governor and other opulent in
habitants. Cabaiguan, X. Cuba; 35 SE. Villa del Principe.
Cabal, X. Egypt ; 21 SSE. Asna.
Cabale, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat 13. 40. S.
Cabamo, X. Africa, in Angola, on the Coanza.
Lon. 1. 30. W. Lat. 9. 56. S.
Cabane, t. Brazil, in St. Paul.
Cabannes, X. France, in Arriege ; 6 SE. Ta-
rascon. Cabans, (Les,) X. France, Tarn; 12 NW. Alby.
Cabar-Sufis, now Susa.
Cabarita, small isl. near N. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76. 40. W. Lat. 18. 24. N.
Cabarita, r. on S. side of Jamaica, which runs
into the sea, 1^ W. Savanna la Mer.
Cabarilor, X. Hind. ; 12 NNE. Visiapour.
Cabatras, co. W. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
7,346 ; in 1820, 10,193. Chief town, Concord.
Cabasse,X. France, in Var; 20 NE. Toulon.
Cabbage Inlet, channel between 2 small isl
ands, on the coast of N. Carolina, communicat
ing with New river. Lon. 78.7. W. Lat.34.3.N.
Cabe, r. Spain, which runs into the Minho,
W. Orense, in Galicia.
Cabega de Balea, X. Africa, in Benguela, near
the coast ; 70 N. Benguela.
Cabega del Negro, X. La Paz ; 50 SW. Paria.
Cabega de Vide, X. Portugal, in Alentejo, with
a strong castle ; 9 S. OCrato.
Cabega de Tiguera, t. S. A. in Buenos-Ayres ;
255 NNW. Buenos-Ayres.
Cabegqs, (Las,) t. Spain, in Seville; 12 S.
Seville. It contains several ruins, which shew
that it was once a large city.
Cabegas Rubias, X. Spain, in Seville, on the
borders of Portugal ; 40 NW, Seville.
Cabegas, X. Cuba ; 130 SW. Havanna.

CAB
Cabegon, t. Spain, in Leon, on the PisUeVga^
9 NNE. Valladolid.
Cabegon, X. Spain, in Asturia ; 18 WSW. San-
tander. Cabego, r. Portugal, which runs into the Lima,
7 miles above Ponte de Lima.
Cabell, co. W. part of Va. ; W. 423. Pop. in
1810, 2,707 ; slaves 221. Pop. in 1820, 4,789.
Cabellio, now Carailon.
Cabello, see Porto Cabello.
Cabellsburg or New-Glasgow, p-t. Amherst
co. Va.; 28 ENE. Madison, W. 195.
Cdbenda, s-p. Africa, in Cacongo. Lon. 12.
30. E. Lat 5. 40. S. It is situated on the coast
a little to the north of the river Zaire, and has
a safe and easy landing. It is a great emporium
for trade in slaves. The situation is remarkably
distinguished for its beauty and fertility, inso
much that it has been called the Paradise of
the coast
Cubes, see Gabs.
Cabesa, X. Cuba ; 55 N. St. Yago.
Cabeso, or Cabezzo, X. Africa, in Angola; 15
NW. Maopongo.
Cabesterra, t. Africa, in Fantin. Lon. 1. E.
Lat 5. N.
Cabesterre, or Le Marigot, X. Guadaloupe, on
E. coast. Lon. 61. 44. W. Lat. 16. 10. N.
Cabesterre, a term generally applied to that
part of the W. I. islands, which is most lofty.
Cabezon, X. Spain, on the Pisuerga; 9 N".
Valladolid. The Spaniards under Cuenza were
defeated here in 1808, by the French.
Cabezzo, pr. Angola, between the rivers Co
anza and Rimba. It is well peopled and fertile.
Ca&i, countiy, Nigritia, situated on N. side of
the Niger, E. ofTombuctoo. The city of Hous-
sa is placed within the bounds of this country.
Cabiari, v.- New Grenada, which joins the
Apure, before its junction with the Orinoco.
Cabillen, t. Courland; 10 E. Goldingen.
Cabillonum, now Chalons.
Cabin-Point, p-v. Surry co. Va. on Upper-
Chipoak Creek ; 26 ESE. Petersburg, W. 171.
Cabite, see Cavite.
Cabingaan, small isl. in the Soolo Archipela
go. Lon. 121. 2. E. Lat. 5. 37. N.
Cable Island, small isl. near the coast of Ire
land, on SW. extremity of Youghal Bay, in the
county of Cork ; 3 S. Youghal.
Cabo, or Kabo, powerful km. Africa, N. of
Rio Grande, in Nigritia, about Lat. 12. 15. N.
Cabo, X. Hind., Canara ; 27 N. Mangalore,
Cabo, see Cape.
Cabo de Cruz, see Cape Cruz.

CAB

276

CAC

Cabo Corso, see Cape Coast Castle.
Cabo de Muzon, cape on S. coast of Prince
of Wales's Archipelago, forming the SW. point
of Puerto Cordova. Lon. 227. 29. E. Lat. 54.
42. N.
Cabo de Rocca, cape on W. coast of Portu
gal. Lon. 34. W. Lat. 38. 46. N:
Cabo Roxo, cape on W. coast of Africa, be
tween the rivers Casamanca and St. Domingo.
Lat. 12. 15. N-
dabo de St. Juan, E. point of Porto Rico.
Lat. 18. 30. N.
Ca&o de St. Bartolom, cape on W. coast of the
Prince of Wale's Archipelago, at the entrance
of Puerto del Baylo Bucaroli. Lon. 226. 34.
E. Lat. 55. 12. N.
Cabonzo, r. Africa, which unites with several
streams to form the Bembaroo.
Cabot, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 9 W. Danville,
19 NE. Montpelier, W. 534. Pop. in 1810,S86;
in 1820, 1,032. It is on the height of land be
tween the Connecticut and lake Champlain.
Cabourg, X. France, Calvados ; 10 N. Caen.
Caboze, isl. Mergui Archipelago, near the
coast of Siam. Lon. 97. 20. E. Lat. 12. 43. N.
Cabra, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 20 ESE. Viseu.
Cabra, t. Spain, in Andalusia, at the foot of
a mountain, near the source of a river of the
same name; 3 N Lucena, 25 SE. Cordova.
Pop. 6,000. It contains 1 parish church, 6 con-
Vents, and" a college for the study of philoso
phy and divinity.
Cabra, X. Africa, in Tombuctoo, on the Ni
ger ; 10 SE. Tombuctoo. It is a place of con
siderable trade, and serves asaportto the capital.
Cabramow, X. Hind., Oude; 20 W. Canoge.
Cobras, isl. in the Atlantic, on the Coast of
Africa, near the island of St. Thomas.
Cabras, or Quinziba, one of the Querimba isl
ands, in the Indian sea, near the coast of Afri
ca. Lat. 12. 20. S.
Cabre, X. Cuba ; 30 S. Spiritu Santo.
Cabrella, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 21
ESE. Setuval. H. 300.
Cabrera, (in Latin, Capraria,) small isl. in
the Mediterranean, which takes it name from
the number of goats on it ; 7 S. Majorca. Lon.
2. 43. E. Lat. 39. 8. N. It is about 3 miles
long, and \ mile broad, mountainous and des
ert, no part of it being inhabited except its
port, which is large and safe. The entrance is
Opposite Majorca, defended by a castle, in
which a small garrispn is always kept ; it is
used as a place of banishment for criminals.
Cabrera, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
N.coastof Sardinia. Lon. 9.27. E. Lat.41.15.N.
Cabreres,X. France, in Lot; 13 ENE. Ca-
hors. Pop. 500.
Cabrese, mt. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 10 E.
Cosenza. Cabrdon, see Cape Breton.
Cabreze, r. Africa, which vims into the Man-
zora, 30 SW. Zimbao.
Cabri, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 40 SW. Meschid.
Cabriel, r. Spain, which runs into the Xucar,
soon after it enters*V"alencia.
Cambrieres, t. France, in Venaissin ; 9 N. Ca-
vaillon. Cabrilon, X. on W. coast of Fortunaventura.
Cabrula, t. S. A. in Caraccas, at the conflux

of the Ap'ure and Oronoko ; 220 miles from St
Leon de Caraccas.
Cabul, city, capital of Cabulistan, and of a
province of the same name, with two castles
and a palace, situated at the foot of the Hin
doo Koo mountain, on the river Kameh; 176
ENE. Candahar, 580 NW. Delhi. Lon. 68. 35.
E. Lat. 34. 30. N. This city is at present the
residence and capital of the Abdalli sovereigns
of Cabulistan. It stands in a wide plain, well
watered, and interspersed with walled villages.
The river Kameh, or Cabul, runs through the
plain, over which, at the distance of 3 or 4
miles south of the city, is a bridge built of brick.
It fs surr6unded by a wall If mile in' Circuit.
The houses are built of rough stones, clay, and
unburnt bricks, and make a very mean appear
ance. The town carries on a great trade with
Tartary and the Indies. The Usbecks bring a
great number of horses, and the Persian sheep
and cattle, to be sold here. \
Cabul, (Little,) t. Cabulistan ;,. 10 E; Cabul.
CABULISTAN, or Afghanistan, sometimes
also called Candahar, km. Asia, comprising the
eastern part of Persia, the western part, pf Hin
doostan, and the southern part of. Tartary,
bounded N. by Tartary, E. by Hindoostan, S.
by the Arabian sea, and W. by Persia. With
these limits it includes Beloochistan, which is
by some considered a distinct kingdom- The
principal divisions or provinces are Cabpl, Can
dahar, Balk, Cashmere, Herat, Segestan, Moul
tan, and the country of Beloochistan. Butthe
extent and limits of the country are not well
defined, and the authority of the king over
some of the above divisions is merely nominal.
It is a modern kingdom, and the political state
of some portions of it is uncertain and fluctu
ating. Cities. The principal cities are Cabul, the
capital, Candahar, Cashmere, Herat, Peshawar,
Moultan, Balk, Zareng, Ghizni, Bamian, Fer-
rah, Gaur, and Kelat. .
Population. The population is stated by Mr.
Elphinstone at 14,000,000; of whom 5,700;O0O
are Hindoos; 4,300,000 Afghans, l,500,00OPar-
sees, l,400,000Belooches,and 1,200,000 Tartars.
Face of the country and soil. The face of the
country is greatly diversified, with mountains
valleys, and sandy deserts. In well watered
valleys the soil is very fertile,; but there are
. extensive barren wastes. The Himmaleh moun-
1 tains are in the northern part; and are always
covered with snow. See Afghanislanani Be
loochistan. Cabunge.n, X. Bengal ; 12 NE. Calcutta.
Cabyna, isl. 21 miles long, and 15 broad, ly
ing S. of the eastern limb of Celebes. Lon.
121.53. E. Lat 5. 18. S.
Caca, t. Italy ; 20 NE. Bergamo.
Cacabelos, X. Spain, in Leon ; 40 NW. Leon.
Cacoca, t Africa, in Fez ; 16 S.' Melilla. If
is defended by a strong fort on a rock.
Cacaguales, X. Mexico, in Tlascala.
Cacalaton, X. on NE. coast of Leyta. Lon.
124. 55. E. Lat. 11.20. N.
Cagalla, or Cazalla, t Spain, in Seville ; 21
NNW. Carmona, 40 N. Seville. Pop. 1,000.
n^ Cacapchon, i. Virginia, which runs into the
Totomac, Lon. 7S. 20. W. Lat. 39. 30. N.

CAC

Cacapehon, t. Virginia, on the river of the
same name ; 15 N. Winchester.
Cagarquiber, (Al,) see Algagarquiber.
Caeari, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 10 W.
Umbriatico. Caccavone,X. Naples, Molise; 9N. Molise.
Cace, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 8. 20. N.
Cacella, s-p. Portugal, in Algarva, on S. coast,
about 8 m. W. the mouth of the Guadiana ; 7
WSW. Castromarim. Lon. 7. 28. W. Lat. 37.
9. N.
Cacera del Pagani, X. Naples, in Capitanata ;
13 S. Troja.
Caceres, t. Lucon, composed of Indian huts
and some convents, well built. Bp. see. Lon.
124. 40. E. Lat 14. 15. N.
Caceres, X. Spain, in Estramadura; 20 W.
Truxillo. Pop. 6,000. In the year 1706, the
army of the 'allies defeated the rear guard of
the duke of Berwick near this town.
Caceres, t. Mexico, in Tlascala; 70 NW. Ve-
ra-Cruz. Lon. 98. 56. W. Lat. 19. 50. N.
Caceres, X. S. A. in Popayan, on the Cauca ;
65 S. Santa Fe de Antioquia.
Cachan,see Cashan.
Cachao, Cacho, Kesho, Keeho, or Sac-King,
city, Asia, capital of Tonquin,in a province of
the same name. Lon. 105. 25 E. Lat. 22. 20.
Fop. according to Hamilton, 40,000. Others
have stated the houses at 20,000 ; some of the
missionaries have compared the population to
that of Paris. The city is situated on the
Songkoi, about 80 miles from the sea. It is of
great extent, but open and defenceless. Many
of the houses are of brick, though the greater
part are constructed of mud and timber,
thatched with leaves, straw, or reeds. The
city is healthy; situated in a beautiful country,
well wooded and abounding in lac and silk.
The English and Danes have factories here.
Cachar, country, Asia, tributary to the Bir
man empire, lying S. of Assam, and W. Meek-
ley. The river Soorma crosses it from E. to
W. It is a mountainous and sterile country, in
habited by Hindoos of the Khutri tribe
Cachara, X. Hind. ; 14 NE. Benares.
Cached, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 100. 5. E. Lat. 1.
20. S.
Cachemire, see Cashmere
Caehenonaga, Indian town, Lower Canada,
at the extremity of lake St. Louis, opposite
La Chine. Pop. about 1,200.
Cacheo, see Kachao.
Cachi, see Channar.
Cachibona, or Clyde, r. Dominica, which runs
into the sea on E. coast, a little N. Halifax-bay.
Cachimaio, r. S. A., which rises in Charcas,
passes within 2 leagues of the city of La Plata,
and joins the Pilcomayo,inthe territory of San
ta Cruz de la Sierra.
Cachoeira, t. Brazil, on the St Francisco ;
190 SW. St. Francisco. In the. neighbourhood
are some gold mines.
Cachun Seghien, X. Thibet ;. 28 W. Yolotou-
Hotun. Caehipermaleon, X. Hind., in Carnatic ; 10
NW. Tiagar.
Cackaiah, X. Hind., in Surgooja ; 30 ESE!
Surgooja.

277 CAD
Caeongo, small kingdom, Africa, bounded S,
by the Zaire, which separates it from Congo,
and N. by Loango. The country is mountain
ous, but very fertile. The trade is chiefly in
slaves. The principal towns are Malemba, Ca-
benda, and Caeongo. The last is in Lon. 14.
20. E. Lat. 5. S. .
Caeongo, i'. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic with the Zaire.
Cagorla, see Cazlora.
Cacosin, t. Cuba ; 50 NNW. Bayamo
Cachucha, r. Africa, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 9. N.
Caculo, X. Africa, in Satadoo. Lon. 10. 40.
W. Lat. 13. 55. N.
Coda Water, i. Scot, which runs into Loch
Fine, 9 SW. Inverary.
Cadahalso, X. Spain, in New-Castile ; 6 N. Es-
calona. Cadalen, X. France, in Tarn ; 6 SE. Gaillac,
19 NNW. Castres. Pop.. 1,404.
Cadaludy,X. Hind. ; 15 S. Calicut.
Cadaraquy, see Fort Frontenac.
Cadaval, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 13 SE.
Peniche. H. 116.
Cadaval, X. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montes ; 13
SSW. Mirandela.
Cadaumairion, X. Ceylon, on W. coast ; 18
N. Putelam.
Cadde, X. Bengal ; 35 NE. Nattore.
Cadelen, X. Bohemia ; in Saatz, on the Egra ;
10 S. Saatz.
Cadee, or Caddee, (League of) otherwise
called League of God's House, one of the 12
leagues of the Grisons ; it comprehends 1 1
communities, of which Coire is the chief.
Caden, or Kaden, X. Bohemia; in Saatz, on
the Egra ; 10 E. Saatz. Pop. 2,751.
Cadenac, or Capdenac, X. France, in Lot; 5,
SE. Figeac, 28 ENE. Cahors. Pop. 1,300.
Cadenet, X. France, in Vaucluse, near the Du^
ranee ; 9 S. Apt. Pop. 2,051.
Cadenso, or Cadenio, one of the Laccadive-
islands, in the Indian sea. Lon. 72. 32. E. Lat.
11. 50. N.
Cadequia, s-p. Spain, Catalonia ; 5 NE. Roses.
Cader, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 100 S..

Coder, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad, on the Tee-
nah ; 12 NE. Callianee.
Cader Idris, mt. N. Wales, in the county "of
Merioneth, whose height is 3,550 feet above the
level of the sea. On it are several lakes,.
abounding in fish ; 3 S. Dolgelly.
Cadercita, t. Mexico ; 45 N. Mexico. Fami
lies 760. There are mines of silver and quar
ries of pophyry in the neighbourhood.
Caderi,X. Hind., Mysore; 18 NE.GumipolIam.
Cades-Bay, bay on SW. coast of Antigua; 5
W. Falmouth-hafbour.
Cadarousse, X. France, in Vaucluse ; 3 W.
Orange Pop. 2,786.
Cadgolls, mt. Scot, in Rosshire ; 6 SE. Tain.
Cadi, now Kedous.
Cadiar, X. Spain, Granada; 28 SE. Granada.
Cadiere, (La,) X. France, in Var ; 9 NW
Toulon. Pop. 432.
Cadillac, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Gironde, near the Garonne; 13 N.
Bazas ; 15 SSE. Bourdeaux. Lon. 0 14 E
Lat. 44. 38. N. Pop. 1,326.

CAD

278

CAE

Cadgipara, t. Bengal ; 13 SE. Goragot
Cadgwa, t. Hind., Allahabad ; 7 SE. Corah.
Lon. 80. 53. E. Lat. 26. 3. N.
Cadibona, or Forre de Cadibona, X. Genoa ; 7
N. Savona.
Cadiapatam Point, cape on S. coast of Hind.;
18 NW. cape Comorin.
Cadima, X. Portugal, in Beira, near the sea
coast ; 18 W. Coimbra.
Cadiz, p-t. and cap. Harrison co. Ohio ; 16
NW. St. Clairsville, 25 W. Steubenville, W.
302. Pop. 536; including the township 3,009.
It is a thriving town, and contains the county
buildings and a printing office.
Cadie, (an. Gades and Gadir,) city and s-p.
Spain, Andalusia, in Seville; 45 NW. Gibral
tar, 60 SW. Seville. Lon. 6. 17. W. Lat. 36.
32. N. Pop. 70,000. H. 8,000. Bp. see. It
is it situated at the extremity of the tongue of
land which projects from an insulated tract at
the mouth oi the Gaudalete, called the island
of Leon. The city communicates with the rest
of the island by a road nearly 5 miles long. Its
form is nearly a square of 1£ mile ; is wall
ed, and has trenches and bastions on the land
side. The streets are generally clean, well
paved, and lighted, but in some parts narrow ;
the houses high with small windows, and of
rather gloomy appearance. They are general
ly white-washed and painted yellow. The
harbour is commodious. The bay of Cadiz is
one of the finest in the world, being from 10
to 12 leagues in circ, with excellent anchor
ing ground, defended by 4 forts, and is the
grand rendezvous of the Spanish navy. The
city and country seats in the neighborhood
make a fine appearance, viewed from the har
bour. — Cadiz is the most important commer
cial town in Spain, and is the centre of the
trade with America, being the seat of the great
public board for American affairs since 1726
The imports consistof gold and silver, (amount
ing in 1792, quoted as an average year, to
£5,500,000 sterling), cocoa, tobacco, sugar,
vanilla, Sic The exports to America consist
of hardware, linen, woollens, wine, oil, al
monds, raisins, wax, cinnamon, paper, books,
and medicines. Great quantities of salt are
prepared in the vicinity of this city. The in
habitants of Cadiz, are mostly employed in
commerce ; the manufactures are insignifi
cant. The want of good water is one of the
greatest inconveniences of the place.
Cadiz, X Cuba, situated on N. coast, in a bay
to which it gives name ; 164 E. Havanna. Lon.
79. 55. W. Lat. 23. 2. N.
Cadiz, r. Cuba, which runs into the sea, 10
E. Cadiz.
Cadlatoor, t. Hind., in Tinevclly ; 30 NE.
Palamcotta. Cadmea, now Thiva.
Cadolzburg, X. Bav., in Rezat, surrounded
with walls, and defended by a castle ; 8 W.
Nuremberg, 18 NE. Anspach. Pop. 800.
Cadonum, now Caen.
Cadore, X. Aust. Italy, in the Venetian dele
gation of Belluno, formerly capital of a district
to which it gave name ; 42 NE. Trent, 53 W.
Friuli. Lon. 12. 17. E. Lat. 46. 25. N. The
principal trade of the inhabitants is in iron and

timber. The celebrated Titian Vecelli was a
native of this place. In the year 1797 the
Austrians were defeated here by the French.—
The district of Cadorin was about 25 miles
long, and from 10 to 15 broad, mountainous
and barren, but has excellent pasture, forests)
and iron mines. Pop. about 22,000.
Cadrocapechy, t. Hind., in Coimbetore; 25
S. Damicotta.
Cadouin, t. France, in Dordogne ; 24 S. Pe-
rigueux. Cadours, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 18
NW. Toulouse.
Cadron, p-t. Arkansas, on Cadron Bayou;
near the Arkansas, upwards of 300 miles above
the town of Arkansas, 40 above Little Rock.
It is a new place, with a few houses and estab
lishments for the fur trade.
Cadsand, isl. near the coast of Flanders, at
the mouth of the Scheldt. Lon. 3. 18. E. Lat.
51. 23. N. This island is preserved by lofty
dykes, constructed at a vast expence, from the
inundations of the sea ; and yet scarcely free
from danger when the NW. wind blows with
violence. The land is fertile, and the corn is
equal to any produced in the United Provinces,
the meadows are luxuriant, and the farmers
make a large quantity of excellent cheese.
Cadsand, or Cassandria, t. Holland, in the
island of Cadsand ; 2 N. Sluys. Pop. 577.
Cadunga, X. Bengal 35 NE. Calcutta.
Cody, X. Hind., Visiapour; 15NE. Anamsagur.
Cadyna, now Nedegh. ,
Cadylis, see Jerusalem.
Cadzurim, t. Hind., in Bahar, on the Soane;
10 NE. Rotasgur.
Caen, (an. Cadonum, and Cathom,) city,
France, cap. Calvados, on the rivers Orne and
Odon ; 26 posts W . Paris. Lon. 0. 22. W. Lat.
49. 11. N. Pop. 35,638. H. 8,000. It contains
13 chh., 3 hospitals, an academy of sciences, a
public library, and a museum. Before the re
volution, it was the capital of Lower Norman
dy, with a celebrated university, first founded
by Henry VI. king of England, at that time
nominally king of France, in the year 143J,
for the study of civil and canon law. The uni
versity fell into neglect at the revolution, hut has
been since revived under the title of an academy.
It is surrounded by a high wall, flanked with
21 towers, and is well built, the houses being
constructed of white stone. The manufactures
consist of linens, serges, lace, stockings, and
caps. An active trade is carried on in these
articles, as well as in cider, dye-stuffs, skins,
cattle, and horses. The town is 7 or 8 miles
above the mouth of the Orne, and vessels of
160 tons ascend to it. — Natives, Malherbe, Se-
grais, and Huet.
Cana, now Senn.
Caneopolis, now Kent.
Caerfilly, or Caerphilly, X. S. Wales, in Gla
morgan, on the Rumney; near which are the
remains of a castle ; 30 SW. MonmOuth, 158
W.London. Lon. 3. 20. W. Lat. 51.30. N,
Pop. 1,013. The neighbourhood abounds in
coal and iron ore. It has amarketon Thursday.
Caerleon, t.Eng., in Monmouth, on the Usk;
148 W.London. Lon. 3. 21. W. Lat. 51. 39.
N. Pop. 936. It was once the metropolis of

CAE

279

CAF

all Wales ; and an abp. see from the first estab
lishment of Christianity in the island. King Ar
thur is said to have kept his court, and to have
instituted the order of the knights of the round
table, in this place. It is now much reduced
from its former grandeur., It has yet 2 mar
kets, on Thursday and Saturday.
Caermarthen, or Caermarden, (an. Maridu-
nimj, t. S. Wales, and capital of the county to
which it gives name, on the river Gwilly, about
10 miles from the Bristol channel, and near
the river Towy ; 45 W. Brecon, 212 W. Lon
don. Lon. 4. 22. W. Lat. 52. 14. N. Pop.
7,275. It was anciently surrounded with walls,
and defended by a castle, the gate of which now
serves for a county jail. It is esteemed the
best built town in S. Wales. Its trade is consi
derable, and its chief manufactures are tin plate
and iron. It sends one member to parliament,
and has markets weekly, oh Wednesday and
Saturday. Caermarthenshire, co. S. Wales, bounded N.
by the county of Cardigan, from which it is se
parated by the river Tivy, E. by Brecknock
shire and Glamorganshire, S. by the Bristol
Channel, and W. by Pembrokeshire ; about 45
miles long, and 20 broad. Sq. m. 926. Acres
590,640 ; 228,000 of pasturage ; 1 14,600 of til
lage, the rest unfit for cultivation. Pop. 77,217.
Families 16,083 ; 9,878 engaged in agriculture ;
5,256 in trade and manufactures ; 949 other
wise. The country is in general mountainous,
Woody, and well watered. The air is reckon
ed mild and healthy, and the soil fertile. Coals
and limestone are plentiful.
• Caernarvon, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. W. 174.
Pop. 1,412.
. Caernarvon, X. Berks co., Pa. Pop. 829.
Caernarvon, (an. Segontium, or Seguntio,)
s-p. N. Wales, and capital of the county to
which it gives name, by the side of the river
Menai, with a castle; 9 SSW. Bangor, 253
NW. London. Lon. 4. 30. W. Lat. 53. 6. N.
Pop. 4^595. The walls are defended by a num
ber of round towers, with two principal gates ;
the E. facing the mountains, and the VV. fac
ing the Menai. The town is well built, and
the harbour tolerable, capable of receiving ves
sels of 700 tons, but of difficult access. It car
ries on considerable trade with London, Bris
tol, Liverpool, and Ireland The exports are
copper ore, and slates, also flannels and stock
ings. It sends one member to parliament; has
hot and cold baths. Market on Saturday.
Caernarvonshire, co.N. Wales, bounded N. by
the sea, E. by Denbighshire, S. by Merioneth
shire and the sea, and W. by the Irish sea and
the' Menai. Its length from N. to S. about 40
miles, its breadth from E. to W. 20. Sq. m.
Y75. Pop. 49,336. Families 10,187; 6,667 en
gaged in agriculture ; 2,687 in trade and manu
factures ; 833 otherwise. It is esteemed the
most mountainous county in Wales, and in
cludes Snowdon, the most elevated mountainin
that countiy, it is divided into V hundreds, and
contains one city, viz. Bangor, and 5 market-
towns, Abcrconway, Caernarvon, Pwlhelly,
Crickeith, and Nevin.
Caerphilly, see Caerfilly.
Caerwent, or Catr Gwent, or Caer Went, (an.

Vewta Silurwm,) v, Eng. in Monmouth ; 17
NW. Bristol, 24 ESE. Cardiff. Pop. 375. In
the time of Caradoc of Inir, it flourished as a
university. The remains give evidences of
former magnificence.
Caerwys, X. N. Wales, in Flintshire, former
ly a city of note, and the county town ; 5 W.
Flint, 204 NW. London. Lon. 3. 32. W. Lat.
53. 14. N. Pop. 863. The chief boast of the
town was its being the place where the British
bards met annually, at a particular period, for
trials of skill. Caerwys joins in sending one
member to parliament, and has a market on
Tuesday. Caes, (Dos,) three small islands in the Atlan
tic, near S. coast of Portugal. Lon. 7. 52. W.
Lat. 36. 58. N.
Casaraugusta, now Saragassa.
Casarea, or Cesarea of Palestine, s-p. Syria,
in the pachalic of Damascus; 25 N. Jaffa. Lon.
35. 2. E. Lat. 32. 23. N. It was once a city
of great celebrity, and the seat of the Roman
governors of Palestine. It was first called
Strabo's Tower. It was enlarged ,by Herod;
the streets were beautified and widened ; pa
laces, built of marble, arose from the ancient
ruins ; and theatres, amphitheatres, and other
edifices, were constructed, which, as they .stood
towards the sea, were beheld by navigators
with astonishment. Nothing now remains of
the temples built by Herod, but the ruins of a
few walls, and part of a fortress which stood
near it. Some porphyry columns lie scattered
here and there ; and within the city may be
seen the ruins of a few edifices constructed of
white marble, which, by the injuries of the
weather, have now become totally black. The
situation of the ancient port, which several his
torians have extolled as another wonder of the
world, cannot be distinguished. The city is
now a pile of rains without an inhabitant.
Casarea River, see Cohanzy Creek.
Casarea Augusta, now Anzarbu.
Casarea, now Kaisarieh, and Shershell.
Casarea Philippi, see Baneas.
Cmsarodunum, now Tours.
Casaromagus, now Beauvais; and Chelmesford.
Casar's Creek, t. Greene co., Ohio. Pop. 1,131.
Ca/ara, t' Portugal, Alentejo; 12 E, Moura.
Caffa, or Kaffa, see Theodosia.
Caffa, Straits oj \ or Straits of Jenicale, (an.
Bosphorus Cimmerius,) straits which connect
the Black sea with the sea of Azoph ; about 45
miles long, and 12 miles wide.
Caffra, t. Egypt ; 2 E. Siut.
Caffraria, country, Africa ; in its most ex
tensive sense it comprehends all southern Afri
ca, from the cape of Good Hope, to Benguela
on the west, and to Mosambique on the east.
But in a more limited sense, it is confined to
that portion of country inhabited by a native
people called Caffres, or Koussis ; extending
along the eastern coast upwards of 200 miles
from the great Fish river, which separates it
from the colony of the cape of Good Hope, to
Key's river, which divides it from the country
of the Tambookies.
The Caffres differ in various respects from
the Hottentots, the bordering race. They are
tall, robust, muscular, of handsome figure ¦ and

CAG

280

CAH

though black, or nearly. so, have not a line
¦of the African negro; their countenance is
always cheerful. They are more addicted to
agriculture than the Hottentots. Millet and a
very large species of water melons are their
principal culinary plants. Pasturage is, how
ever, a much more favorite and general occupa
tion ! But they have no horses, sheep, or g-oats ;
cattle being almost their sole possession ; some
of their oxen and cows are of remarkable size.
Their clothes are made of calf skin. They are
often engaged in war with the Bosjesmans, and
their most formidable weapon is an iron spear.
The men take care of the cattle, and the women
cultivate the ground, and manufacture garments
ofskins. Polygamy is permitted. Their intellec
tual attainments are extremely limited. They
have but a very imperfect idea of the Diety
and a future state. The government is in the
hands of little chieftains, who pay obedience to
a general chief.
Cafirislan, or Kutore, or Keltore, mountain
ous region, embracing a great part of the
range of mountains called Hindoo Kho, be
tween Lon. 69. to 73. E. Lat. 35. to 37. N.,
bounded N. by Badakshan, E. by Little Thibet,
S. by Afghanistan, and W. by Cabul and Balk.
Ccfvi, X. Finland, Savolax ; 75 N. Nyslot.
, Cagaida, small isl. in the Spanish Maine. Lon.
79. 47. W. Lat. 9. 40. N.
Cagada, small isl. of the West Indies, near
NE. coast of Porto Rico. Lon. 64. 10. W. Lat.
18.33.N. Cagasa, X. S. A., in Quito ; 55 ESE Lorca.
Cagayan, or Cagean, pr. in N. part of Lucon,
populous and fertile. Bees are said to be so
numerous, that the inhabitants burn wax in
stead of oil.
Cagayan, X. on the NW. coast of Mindanao.
Cagaylan Islands, two small islands in that
part of the E. Indian ocean, called the sea of
Mindoro. Lon. 121. 25. E. Lat 9. 35. N.
Cagayan Sooloo, small isl. in the E. Indian
sea, 20 miles in circ, dependent on Sooloo. Lon.
116. 50. E. Lat. 7. N.
Cagelo, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 6 SW.
Girace. Caggar, or Kenker, r. Hind., which rises in
the Gomaun mountains, in Lon. 86. 40. E. Lat
SO. 45. N., and runs into the sea, at the mouth
of the gulf ofCutch, Lon. 68.5. E. Lat.23.5.N.
Cagli, X. Popedom, in Urbino, near the ruins
of the ancient Callium, on the Cantiano ; 18
S. Urbino, 28. NNE. Perugia. Lon. 12. 39. E.
Lat. 43. 30. N. Pop. 2,000 Bp. see.
Cagliari, (an. Calaris,) s-p. and capital of
Sardinia, situated on S. part of the island, with
a large and secure harbour, at the bottom of a
gulf, screened by a small island, called Pielra
Laida, and defended bv a castleandfortifications.
Lon. 9. 0. E. Lat. 39. 13. N. Pop. 35,000. Abp.
see. It is the residence of a viceroy, and con
tains 38 chh., 23 convents, a theatre, a hospital,
and a university. The trade is in salt, oil, and
wine. Cagmorry, X. Bengal ; 33 SE. Kishenagur.
Cagnano, X. Corsica ; 14 N. Bastia.
Cagnano, X. Naples, Abruzzo Ultra ; 3 NNW.
j\quila. Cagnano, t. Italy; 15 SSW. Brescia.

Cagnes, t. France, in Var ; SJV. Antibes, 6JV.
Nice. .
Cagnete, or Caneto, or Guarco, X. Peru, and
principal place of a government of the same
name, which extends about 60 miles along the
coast, in the audience of Lima ; 80 SE. Lima
Lon. 76.27.W. Lat. 13. 1. S.
Cagnicouvt, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 9
NNE. Brapaume.
Cagno, X. Tyrol ; 10 SW. Bolzano.
Cagnou, t. Africa, in Galam ; 50 SE. Galam.
Cagny, see Boufiers.
Caguan, t, S. America, capital of a district,
in New Grenada ; 105 S. Santa Fe de Bogota.
Lon. 72. 45. W. Lat. 2. 40. N.
Caguanabo, t. Cuba ; 60 NNE. St. Jago.
Cagaunico, X. Cuba ; 55 NNE. St. Jago.
Caguasqui, X. Quito, in San Miguel de Ibarra.
Cagurria, t. Spain, in Navarre, on a small
river, which surrounds it, and almost immedi
ately runs into the Ebro ; 18 NW. Calahorra.
Caha, X. Persia, in Irak ; 40 NE. Hamadan.
Cahabon, X. Guatimala, in Vera Paz ; 25 W.
Vera Paz.
Cahawba, or Cahaba, r. Alabama, which,.after
a southerly course, unites with the Alabama* 60
miles by land below the junction of the'Coosa
and Tallapooosa.
Cahawba, p-t. and cap. Alabama, in D.allas
co., on the west side of the Alabama, on a point
of land, at the junction of the river Cahawba ;
145 N. Pensacola, 150 N. by E. Mobile. Lat.
32. 28. N. Pop. in 1821, about 1,200. H. 120.
The site of this town was a forest till 1819, and
in 1820 it was established the seat of the state
government, to continue till 1825. It contains
a brick state house, a Methodist meetinghouse,
a land office, an academy with 65 students, and
2 printing offices, from each of which a news
paper is issued. Here is a handsome bridge
erected across the Cahawba. The surrounding
country is very fertile.
Cahay'ago, small isl. among the Philippines,
near N. coast of Samar. Lon. 125. 8. E. Lat.
12. 50. N.
Cahede, see Kahede.
Cahete, X. Brazil, in Minas Geraes; 36 NNW.
Villa Rica. ,
Cahir, small isl. in the Atlantic, near W. coast
of Ireland ; 5 S. Clare island. Lon. 9. 53. W.
Lat. 53. 44. N.
Cahirconree, mt. Ireland, in Kerry, between
Dingle and Tralee.
Cahlore, or Kalour, countiy, Hind., on both
sides of the Setledge, between Lahore and the
Himmaleh mountains.
Cahnawagu, p-v. in Johnstown, N Y., near
the Mohawk ; 39 NW. Albany.
Cahocs, or Cahoos, falls in the Mohawk. See
Mohawk. pahokia, p-t. St. Clair co. Illinois, about 1
mile E. of the Mississippi ; 5 miles below St
Louis^ 20 N. Harrisonville, 52 NNW. Kaskaskia,
W. 978. It contains a land office, and, in
1817, had about 100 houses. The inhabitants
are mostly French.
Cahors, (an. Divona,) X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Lot ; IB* posts N. Tou
louse, 72. S.Paris. Lon.l.27.E. Lat. 44. 26. N.
Pop. 10,136. Bp. see. It contains a public

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library and an academy. Before the revolution
the capital of Quercy, on the Lot, which nearly
Surrounds it, in a country celebrated for its
wine, which is the principal article of com
merce. — Native, Marot.
Cahuapanas, X. South America, in Quito ; 85
S. St. Francisco de Borja.
Cahuita, t. New Mexico, in New Leon ; 360
N. Mexico. Lon. 101. 80. W. Lat. 26. N.
Calmn's Key, small isl. in the bay of Hondu
ras. Lon. 89. 15. W. Lat. 16. 5. N.
Cahusac, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 5
ENE. Lauzun.
Cahusac sur Verre, t. France, in Tarn ; 6 N.
Gaillac, 12 NW. Alby. Pop. 1,424.
Caja, r. Portugal, Which runs into the Gua-
diana ; 7 E. Elvas.
Caiac, X. Persia, in Irak ; 64 WSW. Ispahan.
Cajana, or Cdjania, or Cajaneborg, X. Russia,
Finland, in East Bothnia, capital of a district ;
72 SE. Ulea. Lon. 27.45. E. Lat. 64. 14. N.
Pop. 313. It is situated on a lake, on the bor
ders of Lapland, where the river Pytia forms
a tremendous cascade.
Caiano, X. Tuscany ; 9 WNW. Florence.
Cajarc, X. France, in Lot ; 16 E. Cahors.
Caiazacos, X. Cuba ; 40 WSW. Bayamo.
Cajazzb; X. Naples, in Lavora ; bp. see ; 8 NE.
Capua, 20 N. Naples. Lon. 14. 17. E. Lat. 41.
12. N. Pop. 2,765.
Caiber, see IChaibar.
Caico, t. Cuba; 25 SE. Bayamo.
Caieos, or Cayos, cluster of small islands or
rocks, called Little and Great Caieos, between
St. Domingo and the Bahama islands. The
largest, called Grand Caico, is 60 miles long,
and 2 or 3 broad. St. George's Key is the
principal harbour. — Pop. in 1803, 40 whites,
and about 1,200 slaves. Lon. 72. W. Lat. 21.
36. N.
Caieus, now Germaisti.
Caie, r. Syria, which passes by Aleppo and
Old Aleppo, and loses itself in a lake, near Ak-
leh. Cajeegur, X. Bootan ; 58 N. Dinagepour.
Cajem, see Kahem.
Cajeli, or Cayali, or Bouro, X. on a gulf to
which it gives name, on the side of Bouro, in
the Indian sea. Lon. 127. 30. E. Lat. 3. 24. S.
It is considered the capital of the island, yet
has but little trade. The Dutch have a fort here.
Cajeta, now Gaela.
Cajewra, X. Hind., in Oude ; 24 E. Fyzabad.
Caifa, or Caipha, or Haifa, (an. Ephe, Kephe,
Caphe, and Gabe,) s-p. Palestine, situated on S.
side the bay of Acre, at the foot of mount
Carmel; 12 SW. Acre. Lon. 35. 10. E. Lat
32. 44. N. This place was formerly' only a
miserable village, sprang from the ruins of the
ancient city of the same name. At present it is
defended towards the sea by walls, built since
it fell into the hands of the chief of Acre, who
has strengthened it with a citadel, and estab
lished a custom house in it. It presents nothing
remarkable to the observer, as it contains only
a kind of huts thrown together without any
order. It is governed by an Arab lord. In the
neighbourhood maybe seen the remains of the
ancient Caifa, called also Poqphhy in the time
of the Christians.
Vol. I. 36

Cdigwran Bay, bay on E . coast of Lucon .
Lon. 122. 18. E. Lat. 16. 58. N.
Caique, (Grand,) small isl. among the Baha
mas. Lon. 71. 0. E. lat. 19. 50. N.
Caioue,(LiHZe,) smallish SW.of Grand Caique.
Cai-kien, t. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 46 NW. Tchao-king.
Cailack Point, cape, Scot, on NW. coast of
the county of Ross ; 7 E. Udrigil head.
Cai-fong, or Kai-fong, city, China, and capi
tal of Ho-nan ; 315 SW. Pekin. Lon. 114. 28. E.
Lat. 34. 53. N. It is situated two leagues from
the Hoahg-ho ; but the ground around it is so
low, that the river is higher than the city. To
prevent inundations, strong dikes have been
raised, which extend more than 90 miles. This
city having been beseiged in 1642, by an army
of 100,000 rebels, the commander of the troOps
sent to relieve it, formed the fatal design of
drowning the enemy ; the city was overflowed
by breaking down the large dike of Hoang-ho ;
and the inundation was so violent and sudden,
that it destroyed 300,000 inhabitants. It appears
by the ruins, which still subsist, that Cai-fong
must then have then have been 9 miles in circ.
It has been rebuilt since this dismal event, but
in a style far inferior to its former magnificence.
Nothing at present distinguishes it from [ordinary
cities but the extent of its jurisdiction, which
comprehends 4 cities of the second class, and
30 of the third.
Caillenreuth, X. Bavaria ; 4 W. Goszwenstein.
Caino, t Italy, in Brescia ; 7 N. Brescia.
Cajoura, X. Bengal ; 18 WSW. Mahmudpour.
Cai-ping, t. China, Pe-tche-li ; 22 WSW. Lan,
Cai-tcheou, city, Chinese Tartary, on the eulf
of Leao-tong; 240 E. Peking. Lon. 121. 53' E.
Lat. 41. 30. N.
fe ... Cai-tchong, X. Corea; 30 NW. King-kitao.
Cai-yuen, X. Chinese Tartary, in Leao-tong.
376 ENE. Peking. Lon. 123. 41. E. Lat. 42.
40. N.
Cailliou, X. France, in Aude ; 9 SW. Carcas
sonne. Caillere, (La,) X. France, in Vendee ; 13 NE.
Lucon. Cailly, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 10 NNE.
Rouen. Cailo, small isl. in the gulf of Persia ; 240 W.
Ormus. Caiman, see Cayman.
Cai-ping, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 34 S. Tchao-king.
Ca-Ira, p-v. Cumberland co. Va. ; W. 185.
Cdira, r. South America, which runs into the
Oronoko, Lon. 65. W. Lat. 7, 16. N.
Cairney, X. Scot, in Aberdeenshire ; 8 W.
Aberdeen. The linen manufacture has been
lately introduced, and bids fair to flourish.
Cairngorm, mt. Scot, in NE. part of Inver
ness, famous for the beautiful pebbles found
there, some of which are capable of receiving
a high polish. Height 4,050 feet.
Cairnsmuir, mt. Scot, in Kircudbright ; 12
SSW. New Galloway.
Cairnbulg, cape on E. coast of Scot, in the '
county of Aberdeen. Lon. 1. 51. W. , Lat. 37.
36. N.
Cairo, or Canton, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. ; 11
W. Athens, W. 340. Pop. 2,353. It is a con
siderable town, and has some iron works.

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¦Cairo, t. Alexander co. Illinois, on the point
at the junction of the Ohio with the Mississippi ;
80 S. Kaskaskia.
Cairo, p-t. Lancaster co. S. C. ; W. 46S.
Cairo, or Cragfont, p-t. Sumner co. Tennes
see, on the Cumberland ; 30 E. Nashville, W.
722. Pop. about 150.-
Cairo, or Grand Cairo, or El Kahira, city and
metropolis of Egypt, on the east side of the
Nile, a few leagues above the commencement
of the Delta : 59 miles W. Suez, 85 SSW. Da-
mietta, 100 SE. Alexandria. Lon. 31. 20. E.
Lat. 30. 2. N. Pop. usually stated by recent
travellers at 300, or 400,000. According to Dr.
Pococke, 2,000,000 was the prevailing estimate,
which he supposed a great exaggeration- Fa-
raoun states it at 700,000; Browne at 300,000;
and Volney at only 250,000.
It is said to have been founded in 973 by Jau-
har, a general of Moaz, the first Fatamite caliph.
About two centuries after, it was enlarged by
Saladin, and surrounded with walls, and it
became the capital of Egypt and the centre of
its commerce. About the beginning of the 15th
century, it was one of the richest and most
flourishing cities in the world, the emporium of
Egypt, and the common store house of Asiatic
and European commerce ; and its commerce
extended from the straits of Gibraltar to the
remotest regions of India.
Cairo is situated about a mile from the Nile,
on the canal of Kalisch, which is derived from
the river, and traverses the whole city. On the
bank of the river, 1 mile west of the city, is the
town of Bulac, its principal port. The city
extends about 2 miles east and west, and is 8
or 9 miles in circuit. The streets are extremely
narrow, crooked, dirty, and without pavements;
the widest, which traverses the whole city,
would be considered only a lane in Europe.
The houses of the poor are built of mud or
unburnt bricks, and are of only one story; those
of the better sort are of soft stone, of 2, some
times of 3 stories, having all flat roofs with
terraces of stone or tiles. All the houses have
the air of prisons, having no light from the
street, as it is extremely dangerous to have
many windows in such a country ; and the
entering door is very low. The interior of the
houses of the principal inhabitants exhibits the
conveniences suited to the climate, combined
with some degree of elegance. Cairo is said
to contain 720 mosques, 36 synagogues, 12
Coptic churches, 2 Greek churches, and 70
baths. The architectural ornament has been
chiefly bestowed upon the mosques and the
tombs of the mamelukes. Several of the
mosques are magnificent. All of them being
adorned with minarets of the lightest and most
ornamented architecture, agreeably interrupt
the uniformity of the flat-roofed houses, and
are so numerous as to appear at a distance like
the masts of ships in a crowded harbour.
The castle or citadel is a noble object It is
situated on a rock of considerable elevation,
and is about a mile in circuit, but the greater
part of it is ruinous. One of the objects, which
has most attracted the attention of travellers
in the castle, is that wonderful specimen of
ancient art, called Joseph's Well. It is sunk

through solid, though soft rock to the depth of
276 feet. At the mouth it is an oblong square,
24 feet by 18, which dimensions continue to
the depth of 146 feet ; afterwards it is 15 feet
by 9, to the depth of 130 feet. A stair caise of
gentle descent, cut in the rock, winds round
the well, with a partition of about 2 feet in
thickness, left between it and the pit, with afew
small windows, which give a scanty light For
150 feet the descent is easy ; afterwards difficult.
At the western end of the castle are remains of
very magnificent apartments. The grand sa
loon, called Joseph's Hall, is adorned with
large and beautiful pillars of red granite. Above
it is a terrace commanding a view exceedingly
magnificent. You here survey the whole of
Grand Cairo, with all its gardens, fountains,
squares, palaces, mosques, and minarets, stretch
ed at your feet, the ruinous town of Bulac, the
populous town of Fostat, the grand aqueduct,
the majestic stream of the Nile, the verdant
islands, the village of Gizeh, and, though at least
12 miles distant, those eternal monuments of
human skill and folly — the Pyramids.
The commerce of Cairo, though diminished
within the last 3 centuries, is still very exten
sive. Through it the various productions of
Asia and the East Indies, and partly also those
of Europe, are transmitted into the vast regions
of the interior of Africa. The communication
with the interior of Africa is chiefly maintained
by 3 caravans, which go to Sennaar, to Darfur,
and to Mourzouk ; from which places, and
particularly the last, it is extended to Nigritia
and other regions in the interior. The returns
are made in gold, ivory, senna, gums, hides,
ostrich feathers, and above all, slaves. , Every
year a grand caravan is formed by the union
of caravans from Abyssinia, western and north
ern Africa, and Egypt, laden with the mer
chandise of Africa. These meet at the Birket, or
lake of the Pilgrims, 10 miles from Cairo, and
being joined by numerous pilgrims, proceed to
Mecca. After 100 days this great caravan,
sometimes consisting of 100,000 souls, returns,
bringing the choicest productions of the east.
The Arabs constitute the body of the popu
lation. The other races are Copts, Albanians,
Turks, Jews, Syrians, Armenians, Greek and
Catholic Christians ; also Persians, Indians,
Abysinians, western Africans ; and in the slave
market are to be seen specimens of almost all
the native tribes of the continent.
Cairo, (Old,) see Fostat.
Cairo, X. Piedmont, in Mondovi, on the Bor
mida; 12 E. Ceva, 18 S. Acqui. Pop. 4,000.
Cairoan, or Cairwan, supposed to he the
Vicus Augusti of the Itinerary, t. Africa, in the
country of Tunis, and second only to that city
for trade and number of inhabitants ; 60 S.
Tunis, 180 ESE. Constantina. . Lon. 9. 57. E.
Lat. 35. 36. N. It is situated in a barren, sandy
desert, where are found many vestiges of former
magnificence. At half a furlong from the city,
there is a capacious pond and cistern built for
the reception of rain water ; but the pond,
which is the chief provision for their cattle and
ordinary uses, as the other is for their own
drinking, being dried up, or else beginning to
putrefy about the middle of the summer season,,

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283

CAL

it frequently occasions agues, fevers, and various
other distempers. There are at Cairoan several
fragments of ancient architecture ; and the
great mosque, which is accounted to be the
most magnificent, as well as the most sacred
in Barbary, is supported by an almost incredible
number of granite pillars.
Caisar, see Casarea.
Caisimu, X. Cuba ; 30 ESE. Villa del Principe.
Caiston, X. Eng., in Lincolnshire ; 17 NNE.
Lincoln, 157 N. London. Pop. 1,051.
Caithness, co. Scot, bounded NE. and SE. by
the sea, and SW. and W. by Sutherland. The
form is an irregular triangle, its length from N.
to S. 36 miles, and its breadth about 20. The
coast has many bays and capes ; the interior
part is mountainous ; but some parts are low
and produce corn, Sic. for exportation. There
are but few woods, and none which yield what
may be properly called timber. The principal
towns are Thursow and Wick, from which last
jt is sometimes called the county of Wick. Sq.
m. 618. Pop. 23,419. Families 4,714; 3,270
engaged in agriculture, 838 in trade and manu
factures, 606 otherwise.
Caithness, (Ord of) cape on E. coast of Scot.,
at S. extremity of Caithness, and NE. point of
Sutherland, ton. 3. 13. W. Lat. 58. 12. N.
Caitiai, X. Upper Siam ; 7 S. Porselouc
Caivano, X. Naples, in Lavora ; 5 N. Naples.
Caix, X. France, in Somme ; 12 E. Amiens.
Cakenol, X. Golconda; 26 WSW. Hydrabad.
Caket, see Kaket.
Cala, X. Spain, in Seville, on the borders of
Estramadura ; 14 S. Lerena.
Cala, X. Hind. ; 10 SE. Travancore.
Cala, see El Callah.
Calaat el Accaba, see Accaba.
Calaat el Adjerud, see Adjerud.
Calaat el Aouz, fortress, Arabia; 90 S. Calaat
el Moilah.
Calaat Erroan," fortress, Syria, reported to
have been so strong, that Timur Bee did not
think it prudent to attack it; 50 N. Aleppo.
Calaat Islam, fortress, Arabia ; 40 S. Calaat
el Moilah.
Calaat el Moilah, fortress, Arabia Petraja, on
the coast of the Red sea ; 60 S. Accaba. Lon.
39. 54. E. Lat. 28. 10. N.
Calaat el Moubeleh, fortress, Arabia, on the
coast of the Red sea; 40 S. Accaba.
Calaat el Nahel, fortress, Arabia, on the bor
ders of Egypt; 80 NNW. Accaba, 110 E. Cairo.
Calaat el Neguer, fortress, A. Turkey, in Di
arbekir, on the Euphrates ; 42 W. Racca.
Calaat el Wed, (an. Calea,) X. Fez ; 25 SW.
Mejerda. Calabar, see Calbari.
Calabezo, X. Venezuela ; 120 S. Caraccas.
Calabezo, i. South America, which joins the
Portuguessa, 50 S. Calabezo.
Calabite, or Calavite, small isl. among the
Philippines, a little to the S. of Mindoro.
Calaboso, t. Venezuela, between the rivers
Guarico and Orituco, which unite 4 or 5 leagues
below the town, and then flow into the Apure;
52 S. Caraccas. Lon. 67. 45. W. Lat. 8.40. N.
Pop. 4,800.
Calabrese, mt. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 12
ESE. Cosenza.

Calabria Citra, (an. Bruttium,) pr. Italy, in
Naples, bounded N. by the Basilicata, E. by the
gulf of Tarento, S. by Calabria Ultra, and W.
by the Mediterranean and a small part of the
Principato Citra. The provinces of Calabria
Citra and Ultra are traversed by the ridge of
the Apennines. The soil is extremely fertile,
and' produces an abundance of excellent fruit,
corn, wine, oil, hemp, cotton, flax, saffron,
honey, salt, wool, silk, and manna. The prin
cipal towns are Cosenza, Umbriatico, Bisigna-
no, Cassano, Scaled, Cariati, Rossano. Pop.
341,248. Sq. m. 3,350.
Calabria Ultra, (an. Bruttiunc,) pr. Naples,
bounded N. by Calabria Citra, E. S. and W.by
the Mediterranean sea. The productions are
nearly the same as those of Calabria Citra. The
principal towns are Gatanzaro, Crotona, St.
Severina, St. Eufemia, Girace, Squillace, Ni-
castro, and Reggio. Pop. 419,454. Sq. m. 3,143.
It is divided into Calabria Ultra I, and Calabria
Ultra II. The capital of the former is ReggiQj
of the latter Catanzaro.
. Calabrita, X. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea ; 3S
W. Corinth, 40 E. Chiarenza.
Calabrito, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 8
ENE. Acerno. Pop. 2,160.
Calacad, X. Hind. ; 13 SSW. Tinevelly.
Calaceri, X. Hind. ; 45 N. Travancore.
Calacherin, X. Persia, in Irak ; 125 W. Ham-
adan. Calacuccio, X. Corsica ; 10 N. Corte.
Calagdo, X. on E. coast of Mindanao. Lon.
136. 3. E. Lat. 9. 17. N.
Calaginehra, small isl. near the coast of Sar
dinia. Lon. 9. 57. E. Lat 40. 25. N.
Calagody, X. Hind., in Tinevelly; 95 NE,
cape Comorin.
Calaliat, see Kalhat.
Calahorra, (an. Calagurris,) X. Spain, in Old
Castile, near S. side of the Ebro, on the bor
ders of Navarre ; 62 NW. Saragossa, 136 NNE.
Madrid. Lon. 2. W. Lat. 42. 16. N. Pop.
7,200. Bp. see. It contains 3 parish churches
and 3 convents. In the year of Rome 682, this
town, then called Calagurris, siding with Ser-
torius, was besieged by Afranius, one of Pom
pey's generals, and the inhabitants driven to
such extremities that they fed on their wives
and children ; whence the Romans were wont
to call any grievous famine fames Calagurri-
tana. — Native, Quintilian.
Calajocki, X. Finland ; 25 WSW. Brahestad.
Calais, (an. Caletum,) s-p. France, and prin
cipal place of a district, in Straits-of-Calais',
strongly fortified and defended with a citadel ;
5 posts SW. Dunkirk, 34£ N. Paris. Lon. 1. 51.
E. Lat. 50. 57. N. Pop. 7,600. It is surrounded
by a moat and wall, has a large citadel ; the
streets are tolerably wide and regular, and the
houses mostly of brick. The harbour is too
much obstructed with sand to admit large ves
sels, or even common merchant Vessels, except
at high water. In time of peace here are regu
lar packets for the mail to and from England;
and other passage boats are 'continually passing
between this place and Dover, and the inhabi
tants derive their principal support from the
intercourse with England. It has a communi
cation, by means of canals, with St. Oraers,
Gravelmes, Bdurbourg, Dunkirk,. Sic.

CAL

284

CAL

Calalah, X. Candahar ; 10 E. Paishawer.
Calama, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 6 NE.
Reggio. Calama, now Calmina.
Catamarca, X. La Paz ; 22 S. La Paz.
Calamat, X. Persia, in Mecran, on the coast ;
60 E. Guadel. Lon. 63. 4. E. Lat. 25. 20. N.
Calamata, X. Morea, on the river Spinazza ;
13 W. Misitra. Pop. ,5,000.
Calamines, or Calamianes, cluster of islands
in the Indian sea, among those called the Phi
lippine Islands; they are 17 in number, one of
which is 30 miles long, and 12 broad, divided
between the king of Borneo and the Spaniards,
with some independent natives in the interior
parts, who live without chiefs and without laws ;
they are black, and have no fixed places of
abode. About 1,200 on the sea coast have
submitted to the Spaniards, who have a garri
son at a place called Tatay. The country is
mountainous,- and produces some rice, and
.great aaatitities of wax and honey. Lon. 120.
JHVE.' Lat. 12. N.
Calamity Harbour, port on SW. coast of
Bank's Island, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon.
230. 28. E. Lat. 53. 10. N.
Calamocha, X. Spain, in Aragon, on the Xi-
foca ; 14 S. Daroca.
Calamon, (an. Calamos,) t. Syria, on the
coast ; 10 S. Tripoli.
Calan, t. France, in Higher-Pyrenees ; 16 E.
Tarbes. Calana, X. Syria; 18 SW. Damascus.
Calanda, X. Spain, in Aragon, on the river
Gaudaloupe ; 12 WSW; Alkanitz.
Calandro, (an. Charadrus,) t. A. Turkey, in
Caramania ; 100 S. Cogni.
Calanee, X. Ceylon, with a celebrated pagoda ;
6 NE. Columbo.
Calannas, X. Spain, in Seville, near the river
Odiel ; 40 NW. Seville.
Calanta, small isl. among the Philippines,
near S. coast of Lucon. Lon. 124. 2. E. Lat.
12. 48. N.
Calapan, X. on N. coast of Mindoro. Lon.
121. 12. E. Lat. 13. 20. N.
Calapar, X. Hind. ; 50 NNW. Travancore.
Calapizzati, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 8
W. Cariati.
Calapuja, X. La Paz ; 38 N. Chucuito.
Calara, X. Hind., in Tellingana ; 16 SE. Wa-
rangole. Calorie, now Cagliark
Calarumconda, or Cumuldroog, fort, Hind., in
Mysore, near Nundydroog.
Calas Altas, X. Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 40
NE. Villa Rica.
Calascibeta, see Calata Xibela.
Calaseraigue, small isl. in the Mediterranean,
near the coast of France. Lon, 6. 25. E. Lat.
43. 11. N.
Calasio, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 10 E.
Aquila. CalasthocU Indians, on NW. coast of N. A.
No. 200.
Calaslri, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 38 S. Nel-
fore, 58 NW. Madras. Lou. 79. 45. E. Lat. 13.
50. N.
Calata Bellola, t Sicily, in (he valley of Ma
zara ; 6 SE. Sacca. Pop. 7,500.

Calata Fimi, X. Sicily, in the valley of Ma
zara ; 19 ESE. Trapani. Pop. 10,000.
Calata Gerona, or Callatagirone, supposed to
be the ancient Hybla-Herea, X. Sicily, in the
valley of Noto ; 30 SW. Catania, 37 NW. Sy
racuse. Lon. 14. 13. E. Lat. 37. 17. N. Pop.
12,500. This is a handsome, lively, and flour
ishing town ; and is called a royal city ; situ
ated on a lofty single mountain, with a manu
facture of earthern ware.
Calata Nisseia, X. Sicily, in, the valley of Ma
zara ; 27 ENE. Girgenti. Pop. 6,800. ' ,
Calata Xibeta, or Calascibeta,rX. Sicily, in the
valley of Noto ; 28 S. Cefalu, 40 W. Catania.
Lon. 14. 14. E. Lat. 37. 35. N. Pop. 5,500.
Calalaiud, city, Spain, in Aragon ; 37 SW.
Saragossa, 85 NE. Toledo. Lon. 1. 33. W.
Lat. 41. 28. N. Pop. 9,000. It is situated at the
foot of a hill, atthe conflux of the Xalon and Xi-
loca, defended by a castle, situated on a rock. It
contains 18 parishes and 15 convents. — Native,
Gratian.. — It was founded in the 8th century,
from the ruins of Bilbilis, the birth place of
Martial, which stood on a hill about a mile
distant. Calatrava, X. Spain, in La Mancha ; 12 NE.
Civdad Real, 50 SE. Toledo. Lon. 3. 20. W.
Lat. 39. 4. N. It is situated near the Morena
mountains, on the river Guadiana, the chief
place of the knights of Calatrava.
Calau, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort; 15
NW. Cotbus, 42 S. Dresden. Lon. 13. 55. E.
Lat. 51. 45. N. Pop. 1,424.
Calau Ccne, X. Egypt ; 12 S. Abu Girg6.
Calavila, X. on N. coast of Mindoro. Lon.
120. 25. E. Lat. 13. 30. N.
Calavon, r. France, which runs into the Du
rance, about 8 W. Cavaillon.
Calaur Islands, cluster of small islands, ex
tending about 60 miles in length from NW. to
SE. and 30 in breadth. Lon. 121. E. Lat. 6. 50. S.
Calaurea, see Poros,
Calaw, X. Prussia; 11 W. Leibstadt
Calawang, X. on NE. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
100. 24. E. Lat. 2. 9. N.
Calayang, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean, and
most northerly of those called Babuyanes ;
about 18 m. in circ. Lon.l21.30.E. Lat.l9.28.N.
Calbari, or Calabar, (Old,) countiy, Africa,
on a river of the same name, in Upper Guinea.
Duke Town, the principal place on the river, is
in Lon. about 8. E. Lat. 5. 4. N., and contains
2,000 inhabitants. Creek Town, 8 miles N. con
tains 1,500 inhabitants. Old Town was former
ly the capital. The inhabitants are represented
as cruel, treacherous, and dishonest.
Calbari, (New,) r. Africa, which runs into
the Atlantic, Lon. 6. 30. E. Lat. 4. 32. N. New
Calbari, situated on this river, 80 W. Old Cal
bari, contains about 300 H. and is the centre
of the Dutch commerce in this country.
Calbari, (Old,) r. Africa, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 7. 50. E. Lat. 5. 28. N.
Calbata, t. Circassia ; it is large, but the
houses are for the most built with earth and
covered with turf. The inhabitants are Arme
nians, Greeks, Tartars, Jews, Circassians, Sic.
Calbe, or Kalbe, X. Pru. Saxony, in Magde
burg; 12 W. Stendal, 36 WNW. Brandenburg.
Lon. II. 42. E. Lat. 52. 37. N. Pop, 1,092.

CAL

285

CAL

Calbe, t. Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg, on the
Saale ; 20 S. Magdeburg. Pop. 4,892. It son-
tains 3 churches and 3 hospitals.
Calberga, X. Hind., in Hydrabad ; 85 W. Hy-
drabad, 110 E. Visiapour. Lon. 77.23. E. Lat.
17. 25. N. It was formerly avast city; and the
residence of the kings of the Deccan.
Calbiga, X. on W. coast of the island of Sa-
mur. Lon. 124. 55. W. Lat 11.48. N.
Calbis, X. Egypt ; 3 N. Rosetta.
Calbongos, countiy, Africa, near the coast of
the Atlantic ; S. Biafara.
Calbuco, t. Chili, on the island of Chiloe ;
190 S. Valdivia. Lon. 73. 40. W. Lat. 42.45. S.
Calca, t. on NW. coast of Borneo. Lon. 111.
30. E. Lat. 2. 48. N.
Calcar, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Cleves,
about 4 miles from the Rhine ; 5 SE. Cleves.
Lon. 6.8. E. Lat. 51.47. N. Pop. 1,510.
Calcaria, now Tadcaster.
Calcamura, X. Hind., in Oude ; IS N. Kairabad.
Calcasiu, r. Louisiana, which rises several
miles S. Natchitoches, and pursuing a S. course,
passes through a lake of the same name, and 3
miles belowthe lake flows into the gulfofMex-
ico, Lat. 29. 36. N. Lake Calcasiu is about 30
miles long, and 10 or 12 (where widest,) broad.
Calcaylares, or Calcay Lares, X. Peru, and
capital of a jurisdiction, in the bishopric of
Cusco ; 40 SW. Cusco. The jurisdiction is
situated between Cusco and the sea, and is
mountainous, containing about 10,000 inhabi
tants. Calcena, X. Spain, Aragon ; 14 S. Taracona.
Calchagua, pr. Chili, between the rivers Cach-
apool and Teno, and between the Andes and
the sea ; fertile in grain, wine, and fruits ; and
abounds in gold. Breadth on the sea coast 14
leagues, along the Andes 25. Chief town St.
Fernando. Calcheeda, X. Carnatic ; 21 WSW. Nellore.
Calciana, X. Naples, in Basilicata; 16 S. Ace-
renza. Calcinaia, X. Tuscany ; 12 E. Pisa.
Caleinato, X. Aust. Italy, in Brescia; 12 E.
Brescia. Pop. 3,000.
Calcio, X. Aust. Italy, in Brescia, on the Oglio ;
11 NE. Crema, 15 W- Brescia.
Calconda, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 22 NW. Dal-
macherry. Calcutta, city, Bengal, capital of all the Brit
ish possessions in Hindoostan, on E. bank of
the Hoogly, or Bhagirutti river, the west branch
of the Ganges, 100 miles from the sea. Lon.
88. 28. E. Lat. 23. 33. N. Pop. according to
Lord Valentia about 700,000. The police mag
istrates estimated the population in 1802, at
600,000; and including the adjacent country
with a. circuit of 20 miles, at 2,225,000. The
number of houses, shops, and other habitations
in 1798, in the city, exclusive of the old and
new forts, was 78,760 ; of which 4,300 belpng-
ed to British subjects, 640 to Armenians, 2,650
to Portuguese and other Christian inhabitants,
10 to Chinese, 14,700 to Mahometans, and
56,460 to Hindoos. It is the seat of an English
bishop, and contains a cathedral, 1 English, 1
Scotch Presbyterian, 1 Portuguese, 1 Greek,
and 1 Armenian church, several mosques, and
a number of Hindoo temples. It has also a

government house, which is a superb "palace, a
town house, a court house, and a theatre.
Opposite to the town there is good anchor
age for vessels of 500 tons, but the larger ves
sels are obliged to stop at Diamond harbour, 50
miles below. It has excellent advantages of
inland navigation by means of the Ganges.
There are several docks for building ships, and
the commerce is very great, amounting to about
£10,000,000 per annum. The houses belonging
to the English are built of brick, plastered with
chunam, and have a very elegant appearance.
Many of them resemble the palaces of mon-
archs, rather than the houses of merchants.
The streets of the black town, belonging to the
natives, aie narrow and dirty, some of the
houses are brick, two stories high, but the most
of them are mud cottages of one story, with
thatched roofs.
In 1690, at which time Calcutta was only a
village, the English first founded a factory here,
which they afterwards fortified, and named
Fort William. This is now called the Old Fort.
In 1758-9, foundations of the new fort were
laid about a mile lower down the river, and
the name of the former transferred to it. It is
an irregular octagon, having barracks for four
regiments, and is so extensive as to require, in
case of a siege, a garrison of 10, or 15,000
men. Here is a college, instituted by the
marquis of Wellesley, with several professors ;
and about a mile below the fort on the oppo
site side of the river, is a botanic garden, in
which are many curious and valuable plants.
In 1816 a college was instituted here by the
Hindoos for the instruction of their sons in Eu
ropean learning; and in 1820a Mission college
was established, under the direction of the bish
op, with considerable endowments, for the in
struction of the natives, in order to prepare
them to become preachers and schoolmasters.
Calcutta, with its suburbs, extends along the
river about 6 miles, but is of various breadth.
Its local situation is not fortunate, having ex
tensive muddy lakes and an immense forest
near it. It was formerly esteemed very un
healthy, but has been rendered less so by clear
ing away the jungle, draining the streets, and
filling up the ponds, by which a vast surface of
stagnant water has been removed. The city
was formerly nearly encompassed by a trench,
which is now in most places filled. The envi
rons are occupied by pleasant gardens and
country houses ; and the surrounding country
is very populous.
Caldano, c. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, Lon. 16. 41. E. Lat. 39. 49. N.
Caldao, r. Portugal, which runs into the sea
at Setuval.
Caldas, (an. Aqua Caliche,) X. Portugal, in Es
tramadura, with medicinal springs and baths in
much repute ; 10 E. Peniche. Families 231.
Caldas de Baixa, (As,) t. Portugal, in Beira ;
10 NE. Castel Branco.
Caldas da Cima, (As,) t. Portugal, in Beira :
6 NE. Castel Branco.
Caldas da Gerez, v. Portugal, Entre-Duero-e-
Minho, celebrated for its medicinal springs and
warm baths ; 3 miles Montalegre.
Caldas de Montmy, t. Spain, in Catalonia ; 15

CAL

286

CAL

N. Barcelona. This town takes its name from
the waters, but at present is much decayed, and
dwindled into a very inconsiderable place,
with a few privileges to support its rank as a
town. The water is boiling hot, and the peo
ple come constantly to boil their eggs, cab
bage, and all sorts of vegetables, by simply
suspending them under the spout of the foun
tain in a basket ; and yet make use of no oth
er water, when sufficiently cooled, for drink
ing, either alone, mixed with wine, or cooled
with snow in orgeats, sherbets, Sic
Caldas de Rey, (an. Aqua Convenarum,) t.
Spain, in Galicia ; 20 S. Santiago.
Caldecot, v. Eng., in Monmouth ; 6 Chep
stow. Pop. 414.
Caldeira, small isl. in the Indian sea, near
the coast of Africa. Lat 16. 33. S.
Colder, r. Eng., which runs into the Aire, 2
N. Pontefract, in Yorkshire.
Colder, (West,) r. Eng., which runs into the
Ribble, 3 S. Clithero, in Lancashire.
Colder Water, r. Scot, which runs into the
Clyde, about 5 miles above Glasgow.
Colder, or Cawdor, v. and parish Scot., in
Nairnshire, in which are seen the remains of a
castle, once the residence of Macbeth, des
troyed by Malcolm ; 4 S. Nairn. Pop. 850.
Colder, (Mid,) v. and parish Scot, in Edin
burghshire; 12 W. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,408.
Caldera, X. S. A., in Tacuman ; 17 N. Salta.
Caldera, s-p. S. A. in Chili, on the coast of
the Pacific ocean ; 10 N. Copiapo. Lon. 70.
21. W. Lat 26.48. S.
Caldera, r. Guatimala, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, Lon. 85. 16. W. Lat. 9. 30. N.
Caldera, X. on W. coast of Mindanao. Lon.
122. 2. E. Lat. 6. 50. N.
Caldera, (La,) cluster of small islands, near
the coast of Mexico, in Salinas-Bay. Lon. 85.
38. W. Lat 9. 56. N.
Caldero, v. Italy, Verona ; 9 SE. Verona.
Calderino, place of Italy, in Verona, cele
brated for its baths ; called also, The Baths of
Verona. Calderola, X. Popedom, in Ancona; 20 W.
Fermo. Calderoni, or Giagdurognissa, three small
,islands in the Mediterranean, situated 15 miles
S. Candy. The largest is of a triangular form,
about 8m. in circ. Lon. 26. 19. E. Lat. 34.32. N.
Caldonazzo, lake, Tyrol ; 8 ESE. Trent.
Calduendo, X. Spain, in Guipuscoa ; 24 E. Vit
toria. Caldurascian, t. Walachia ; 31 NNE. Bucha
rest. Caldwell, p-t. and capital Warren co. N. Y., at
S. end of lake George ; 62 N. Albany, W.415.
Fop. 723. Itisa pleasant village with neat build
ings, public and private," and is a place of re
sort, on account of the beautiful scenery around
lake George. — Near the village are the ruins
of fort George and fort William Henry.
Caldwell, X. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 2,002. It
adjoins to Newark.
Caldwell, co. Kentucky. Pop. in 1810, 4,268 ;
slaves 579. Pop. in 1820, 9,022.
Caldy, small isl. near S. coast of Wales; 3
S. Tenby.
Calea, now Calaal-el-Wed;

Calealj t. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 152 SE. Tabris.
Caleanpour, X. Bahar ; 30 SE. Bettiah.
Caledon, X. Africa ; 120 E. Cape town. It is
a station of the London Missionary society.
Caledonia, co. E. side of Vt, bounded N. by
Essex co., E. by Connecticut river, S. by
Orange co., and W. by Washington and*%r-
leans cos. Pop. in 1810, 18,740; in 1820,
16,669. Chief towns, Danville and Peacham.
Caledonia, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y., on W.
side of the Genesee ; 16 E. Batavia, 20 S. by
W. Rochester, 235 W. Albany, W. 378. Pop.
2,645. The village is situated on the great road
from Albany to Buffalo, and contains about 50
houses. It is a very excellent agricultural
township, and produces wheat in great quanti
ties, and has several beds of gypsum, also
limestone, iron ore, salt and sulphur springs.
Great or Big Springs, situated on the north side
of the village, are regarded as a curiosity.
The waters, which are impregnated with sul
phur and lime, boil up in great quantities from
the earth in a pond or reservoir of 5 acres. In
this pond, except at the places where the water
boils up, grows a singular weed, 6 or 6 feet
high, and so thick as to be almost impenetra
ble. The surface of the water is covered with
a frothy substance which, when dried, has a
very offensive smell. The temperature of the
water is always nearly the same, extremely
cold, but never freezes. A fine mill-stream is
sues from this pond ; and the quantity of water
varies little by the wetness or dryness of the
season. Caledonia, ancient name of N. part of Scot
land, by some extended to the whole country.'
Caledonia, (New,) country, N. A., west of
the Rocky mountains ; about 500 miles from
N. to S., and nearly 400 from E. Xo W. The
countiy is mountainous ; abounds in lakes, the
largest of which are Stuart's lake and Natteo-
tain lake. The largest rivers are Fraser's and
Natteotain rivers. The thermometer some
times falls 32 degrees below zero ; but the sea
sons are generally milder than in the same par
allel east of the Rocky mountains. The sum
mer never very hot. The natives call them
selves Ta-cullies, by the whites called Carriers ;
estimated at 5,000.
Caledonia, (New,) s-p. and settlement on the
isthmus of Darien, near the gulf of Mexico.
Lon. 77. 36. W. Lat. 8. 30. N.
Caledonia, (New,) large isl. in the S. Pacific
ocean, which, Capt. Cook says, lies nearly
WNW. and ESE. and is about .261 miles long
in that direction ; but its breadth is not consid
erable, not any where exceeding 30 miles. It
is a countiy abounding in mountains and val
leys, of various extent both' for height and
depth. The height of one of the mountains is
estimated at upwards of 7,000 feet. From
these hills spring vast numbers of rivulets, which
greatly contribute to fertilize the plains, and to
supply all the wants of the inhabitants. The
summits of most of the hills seem to be barren,
though some few are clothed with wood, as are
all the plains and valleys. Most, if not every
part of the coast, is inhabited, the isle of Pines
not excepted. Lon. 63. 37. to 167. 14, E. Lat
19. 37. to 22. 30. S.

CAL

287

CAL

Calemut, or Salamaine, r. N. A., which runs
into the Wabash, 12 E. Eel Town.
Calenberg, pr. Hanover, bounded N. by Lu
neburg, E. by Luneburg and Hildesheim, S. by
Brunswick, and W. by Lippe-Detmold, the
Hesse province of Schauenburg, Schauenburg-
Lippe, and the province of Hoya. It takes its
name from an ancient castle, now in runs, situ
ated on the Leine, 11 S. Hanover. It is wa
tered by the Weser and Leine. The country is
in some parts mountainous, in some marshy,
and others sandy, but generally fertile ; pro
ducing wheat, rye, barley, oats, tobacco, hops,
flax, Sic. They reckon 12 towns, the principal
of which are Hanover, Hameln, and Neustadt.
Sq. m. 1,050. Pop. 139,222; of whom 1,477
are Jews, 891 Catholics, 380 Calvinists, the re
mainder Lutherans.
Calenberg, t. Saxony, in Schonburg ; 8 NE.
Zwickau, 48 WSW. Dresden. Lon. 12. 33. E.
Lat 50. 43. N. Pop. 1,200.
Calenberg, X Pru. Westphalia, in Minden ; 3
S. Warburg. Pop. 214.
Calendul, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 3 N. Ashmunein.
Calenzana, X. Corsica ; 5 SE. Calvi. Pop.
1,953. Calenzano, X. Corsica; 6 SE. Calvi. Pop.
1,955.
' Calepio, X. Aust. Italy, in Bergamo, on the
Oglio ; 12 E. Bergamo. — Native, Calepini.
Calelum, now Calais.
Calf, one of the smaller Orkney islands ; 1
N. Eda.
Calf one of the smaller Orkney islands ; 1
N. Flota. Lon. 0. 1. W. Lat. 58. 4. N.
Calf, rock near SW. coast of Ireland, at the
entry of Bantry bay, near S. end of Dursey
island. Calf of Man, small isl. in the Irish sea, near
SW. coast of the Isle of Man. Lon. 4. 43. W.
Lat. 54. l.N.
Calf Pasture River, i. Virginia, which runs
into James river, below Lexington.
Calheta,X. on the island of Madeira, with a
small harbour. H 502.
Calhuco, X. Chili, on the coast of the Pacific
ocean, inhabited by Spaniards, Mestees, and
Indians, with 1 parish church, and 2 convents ;
180 S. Valdivia. Lon. 73.39. W. Lat.42.40.S.
Cali, or St. Yago de Cali, X. S. A., in Popa
yan, where the governor of the province gen
erally reside, on the Cauca; 65 N. Popayan.
Lon. 75. 56. W. Lat. 3. 30. N.
Caliah-Head, cape, Scot, on NW. coast of
Mull. Lon. 6. 15. W. Lat. 56. 37. N.
Cation, t. Hind., in Aurungabad; 28 NE.
Bombay. Lon. 73. 12. E. Lat. 19. 17. N. This
place is surrounded with ruins, and its appear
ance indicates a former state of superior gran
deur. It is still a considerable town, and car
ries on some trade in cocoa-nuts, oil, coarse
cloths, brass, and earthen ware.
Caliapour, X. Bengal ; 60 W. Midnapour.
Calice, X. Africa, in Monoemugi, on the Qui-
limana ; 75 NW. Melinda.
Calico, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
gulf of Saloniki,T4 SW. Saloniki.
Calkoote, X. Hind., Cicacole; 18 N. Ganjam.
Calicaulan, t. Cochin, in a bay on the coast

of Malabaf, where the Dutch have a factory ;
60 S. Cochin. Lon. 76. 32. E. Lat 9. 12. N.
Calicut, or Calicodu, countiy, and once a
considerable empire of Asia, which extended
itself throughout all Malabar. Its chief took
the title of king of kings. The present prince
is a Brahman, and it is the only king dom i
the Indies governed by a Brahman ; every
where else the Brahmans are only secretaries
and ministers. The state, which the Indians
call Malleami, is 75 miles long, and from 14 to
18 broad. The air is pure aud wholesome ; the
soil fertile, but subject to inundations, from the
amazing rapidity of the waters which pour
down from the mountains ; and the sea has fre
quently made such ravages on the coast, as to
oblige the Samorin to remove his residence
from the town of Calicut to Panana. The Sa
morin, it is said, was able to raise an army of
100,000 men. This country was ceded to Great
Britain in 1792.
Calicut, formerly the capital of the kingdom
so called , 76 W. Coimbetore, 95 Seringapitam.
Lon. 75. 44. E. Lat. 1 1. 20. N. In 1800 it con
tained upwards of ¦ 5,000 houses, and about
33,000 inhabitants, and was rapidly improving.
The houses are built of wood, or bricks baked
in the sun, in the midst of which are beautiful
gardens. It is 9 miles in circumference, in
cluding a large village, or fauxbourg, inhabited
.only by fishermen. It is not surrounded by
walls ; the streets are narrow and dirty, but
the trade is considerable, and it is frequented
by vessels from Arabia and the Red sea. The
principal exports aie pepper, teak, sandal wood,
cerdamums, coir cordage, and wax.
Calies, X. Pru., in Brandenburg, chiefly in
habited by cloth-weavers ; 35 ESE. Stargard,
58 NE. Custrin. Lon. 16. 4. E. Lat. 53. 16. N.1
Pop. 1,673.
California, peninsula in the Pacific ocean,
united on N. to the continent of N. America,
from which the other part is separated by a
narrow sea, called the gulf of California, and
bounded S. and W. by the Pacific ocean; near
900 miles in length, and in different places 30,
60, 90, and 120 miles wide. A" chain of moun
tains extends through the peninsula, of which
the greatest height is from 4,500 to 4,900 feet
above the sea. This peninsula is said to have
been discovered by sir Francis Drake, and by
him called New Albion; and the gulf of Cali
fornia has been sometimes called The Vermil
lion Sea, or Purple Sea, or Red Sea. In a pen
insula of so vast an extent, which reaches
nearly from the 23d to the 40th deg. N. Lat.
the soil and climate must naturally be found to
vary. Some parts are continually covered
with flowers, but the greater part is wild, rug
ged, and barren, overrun with rocks and sand,
and destitute of water. From cape St Lucas
to the Colorado, nearly 200 leagues, only two
streams run into the gulf of Californ ia. Pop.
9,000, The principal places are Santa Maria,
St. Ighatio, St. Isidoro, Loreto, St. Estevan,
St. Xavier, St. Yago, Rosalio, St Juan Guada
lupe, and St. Joseph. «¦
California, (New,) countiy, N. America, on
the coast of the N. Pacific ocean, called by
captain Vancouver New Albion, and by captain

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La Perouse, Mew California. It lies N. of the
peninsula, which is called Old California, and
is 600 miles long, and only 30 broad. Square
leagues 2,125. Montery is the capital. There
is not any country in the world which
more abounds in fish and game of every des
cription; hares, rabbits, and stags, are very
common here ; seals and otters are also found
in prodigious numbers ; but to the northward,
and during the winter, they kill a very great
number of foxes, bears, wolves, and wild cats.
The land posesses also great fertility ; farina
ceous roots and seeds of all kinds abundantly
prosper here. The crops of maize, barley,
corn, and peas, cannot be equalled but by
those of Chili ; European cultivators can
have no conception of a similar fertility ; the
medium produce of corn is from 70 to 80 for 1 ;
theextremes60and 100. The population in 1802,
including Indians who have settled and begun
to cultivate fields, was 15,562.
Caliganow,t. Gorcah ; 32 NW. Gorcah. Lon.
83. 53. E. Lat. 28. 45. N.
Calignana, X. Istria ; 2 W. Pedena, 37. S.
Trieste. Lon. 14. 10. E. Lat. 45. 26. N.
Calignana, X. Italy; 8 NE. Crema.
Calil, or Mount of the Well-beloved, mt. Egypt ;
75 SSE. Cairo.
Caliluia, or Ccclalaya,X. Lucon, in a province
of the same name.
Calima, X. S. A., Chocos ; 30 SSE. Zitara.
Calimene, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago; 8
miles long, and 3 broad. Lon. 26. 44. E. Lat.
37. 2. N.
Calinacron, cape on the coast of Natolia, in
the Black sea ; 20 E. Constantinople.
Calinatoor, X. Carnatic ; 15 W. Tiagar.
Calingapalam, (an. Calinga, or Calingoz,) X.
Hind., in Cicacole ; 12 ENE. Cicacole, 39 SE.
Kimnedy. Lon. 84. 20. E. Lat 18. 18. N.
Calini, or Colly, (an. Calinipaxa,) r. Hind.,
which rises in the Dooab, and runs into the
Juma, nearCanoge.
Caliparum, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 32 W.
Damicotta. Calipari, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Squillace, Lon. 16. 50. E. Lat. 38. 32. N.
Calisle, see Santorin.
Calitondo, r. Java, which runs into the sea,
on. S. side, Lon. 109. 12. E. Lat. 7. 36. S.
Colitoor, fortress, Ceylon, at the mouth of a
river of the same name, in an agreeable coun
try, near W. cpast; 28 S. Columbo Lon. 79.
50. E. Lat 6. 34. N. /
Calitri, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra: 33 1
ESE. Benevento. Lon. 15. 20. E. Lat. 40. 57.,
N. Pop. 4,549. '
Calix, X. Sweden, in West-Bothnia, on a ri-
ver of the same name ; 22 W. Tornea. Lon. 23.
6. E. Lat. 65. 52. N.
CaZix, r. Sweden, which rises on the borders
of Norway, and runs into the gulf of Bothnia ;
20 W. Tornea. ,
Calix, (Ofver,) X. Sweden, in West-Bothnia,
50 NW. Tornea.
Calka, or Kalka, country, Asia, bounded N.
by Siberia, E. by Chinese Tartary, S. bylthe
Cobi or sandy desert, and W. by other parts of
Tartary, inhabited by the Eluths and Calmtfcks.
Calken, X. Neth., in E. Flanders, district of
Dendermonde. Pop. 3,941.

Calkenny, t. Bengal; 40 SSW. Dacca,
Calla, X. Bengal ; 40 S. Burdwan.
Calla-susung, t. capital of Bouton, in theln-
dian sea, about a mile from the coast Lon.
123. 30. E. Lat. 5. S. The harbour is not good,
and the bottom rocky. The inhabitants are
Mahometans, and speak the Malay language.
Callabash Bay, bay on S. coast of Jamaica;
HE. Pedro Bluff. Lon. 77.25. E. Lat. 17.
53. N.
Callac, X. France, in North-Coasts; ION.
Bostrenen. Pop. 1,550.
Callacalles, r. Chili, which runs into the P.
ocean, at Valdivia.
Callacoil, or Callacou, fortress; Hind., in
Marawar; 30 N. Ramanadporum, 60 S. Tan
jore. Lon. 78. 44. E. Lat. 9. 50. N.
Calliaqua, s-p., on SW. coast of St. Vincent,
Callcecia, now Galicia.
Callah, or Gellah, X. Algiers ; 50 S. Bona,
Callah, X. Algiers ; 35 W. Suef.
Callali, (El,) X. Algiers ; 13 NNE. Mascar,
40 E. Oran. It is a place of considerable trade,
and the greatest market for carpets in the coun
try ; it is a dirty, ill-built town, without either
drains, pavements, or causeways ; built on an
eminence, and in the midst of other mountains,
which make part of mount Atlas. From some
few large stones and pieces of marble of an
cient workmanship, we may take it to have
been formerly a city of the Romans, the Giblid',
or Apfar, perhaps of Ptolemy.
Callahpoewah, Indians in W. part of N. Amer
ica, on the Multnomah. No. 2,000
Callah Accaba, see Accaba.
Callan, X. Ireland, in Kilkenny, on King's
river; 12 W. Thomastown. Pop. 2,229.
Callander, X. Scot, in Perthshire ; 1 1 NW.
Stirling, 30 AVSW. Perth. Pop. 2,282.
Callanore, or Kullanore, X. Hind., in Lahore;
50. E. Lahore, 254 W. Delhi.
Callant's Oog, v. Holland, on the sea coast.
Callao, s-p. Peru, on a river of the same
name, near the Pacific ocean ; 7 S. Lima, and
it is the port of that city. Lon. 77. 4. W, Lat.
12. 3. S. Pop. about 5,000. The road is one of
the most beautiful, the largest, and safest in the
South sea. Two islands, named St. Laurence
and Callao, and the peninsula, which nearly
reaches them, defend vessels from S. winds;
towards W. and N. it is open, but these winds
never blow with violence; the sea is always
tranquil ; the water is deep and without rocks.
Callao is the rendezvous of from 16 to 17,000
tons of shipping, 5,000 of which are reserved'
for the navigation of the Pacific ocean. The
town was fortified by ten bastions and some
batteries, and defended by a garrison. There
are two fauxbourgs inhabited by Indians. In
1746, this town was destroyed by an earth
quake, when of 4,000 inhabitants only 200 es
caped. Since that time, Collao has been re
built upon the same plan, but a little farther
from the sea.
Callao, isl. in the Pacific ocean, at the en
trance into the port of Callao.
Callao, or Campillo, small isl. in the E.In
dian sea, near the coast of Cochin-China, op
posite, at the distance of 8 miles, to the mouth
of a considerable river; about 5 miles long and

CAL

289

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2 broad. Lon. 108. 30. E. Lat. 15. 45. N. It
contains about 60 houses.
Callas, X. France, in Var ; 4 NNE. Draguig-
nan. Pop. 2,103.
Callasgoody, X. Carnatic ; 28 E. Coilpetta.
Callatya, t. Bengal; 5 W. Dacca.
Callawar, X. Guzerat ; 28 NNW. Junagur.
CoWau)iWa,t.Cuddapa; 20 NW. Cuddapa.
Calle, (La,) X. Africa, in Algiers ; 36 E. Bo
na, 80 W. Tunis. Lon. 8. 46. E. Lat. 36. 8. N.
Pop. 400. Here the French have a factory es
tablished for a coral fishery, and -trade for
grain, wool, hides, wax, Sic. The chief trade is
in grain, wool, leather, and wax.
Calleaye, X. Hind., Kitchwara; 6 N. Ougein.
CaMe, now Oporto.
Callen, X. Ireland, in Kilkenny, on King's ri
ver; 9 SSW. Kilkenny, 16 E. Cashel. Pop. in
1821, 6,656. H. 1,115. Distillation is the princi
pal business.
Collenberg, see Calenberg.
Callenberg, chain of mountains, Ger., which
commence about 5 miles from Vienna, and
cross the duchy of Stiria.
Callendburg, see Callundborg.
Calleo, X. Bengal ; 80^N. Dacca.
Calliagh, (Crum,) rock in the Atlantic, near
Binvey Head, on W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9.
36. W. Lat. 54. 21. N.
Callian, X. France, in Var ; 10 NE. Draguig-
nan. Pop. 1,823.
Callian, or Gallian, (supposed to be an. Cal-
liana,) t. Hind., in Bejapour; 25 E. Basseen,
32 NE. Bombay. It was formerly a large city.
Callianee, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 65 W.
Beder, 85 E. Bejapour. Lon. 76. 54. E. Lat.
17. 45. N. It is large and populous, consisting
of one long street filled with shops ; the houses
are built of.rosewood, and covered with thatch.
Calliano, v. Tyrol, near the Adige, where
are defiles supposed to be an impregnable de
fence to the city of Trent ; 6 m. from Trent.
Callianpour, X. Hind., in Jyenagur ; 23 NNW.
Jeypour. Calliany,X. Hind., in Tellingana; 50 W. Wa-
rangola. Calliaqua, s-p. on SW. coast of St. Vincent,
W. I. The harbour is the best in the island, and
draws thither a great part of the trade.
Calliar, X. Hind., in Bejapour ; 19 W. Currer.
Callifat, (an. Simois,) v. Natolia, near the
junction of the Califat Osmak,with the Mender.
Calligunge, X. Bengal ; 54 N. Dacca.
Calligunge, X. Bengal ; 8 NE. Goragot.
Callinger, X. Hind., in Allahabad, in Bund-
elcund, capital of a district ; 72 WSW. Allaha
bad. Lon. 80. 48. E. Lat. 25. 0. N. Here is a
very large and strong fortress, situated on a
lofty mountain.
Callington, X. Eng. in Cornwall ; 10 S. Laun
ceston, 213 W. London. Lon. 4. 38. W. Lat. 50.
28. N. Pop. 938. It sends two members to
parliament, and has a weekly market on Wed
nesday. Calliondroog, fortress, Hind., in Mysore ; 15
N. Rettinghery.
Callvpolis, now Gallipoli.
Calhpour, X. Hind ; 22 NW. Poonah.
Calltshwa, X. Carnatic ; 5 S. Polore.
Callium,see Cagli.
Vol. I. 5 37

Calloma, or Caylloma, t. Peru, and capital of
a jurisdiction, in the bishopric of Arequipa ;
celebrated for its silver mines ; 46 NNE. Are
quipa ; 140 S. Cusco.
Calloo, fortress on the Scheldt ; 5 W. Ant
werp. Calloro, one of the small Friendly islands ;
Lon. 185. 7. E. Lat. 21. 29. S.
Callow, t. Hind., Visiapour ; 6 E. Sollaponr.
Calluca, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 35
NNW. Kerkisieh.
Callundborg, or Kallundburg, s-p.'Denmark,
in a bay on W. coast of Zealand, with the best
harbour, next to Copenhagen, on the island ;
60 W. Copenhagen. Lon. 11. 6. E Lat. 55. 41.
N. Pop. 1,400. It is now fallen to decay.
Callwis, t. Prussia, in Natangen ; 25 S. Ras-
tenburg. Cally, t. Hind., Barramaul; 16 NE. Darem-
poury. Cally Sindi, r. Hind., which rises near In-
dore, and after joining the Sepra, and some
others, at length falls into the Chumbul.
Callygot, X. Bengal ; 2 S. Calcutta.
Callygunge, X. Bengal, in Baharbund ; 8 SE.
Oliapour. Callyjwry, ,t. Bengal ; 70 NNE. Dacca.
Callypady, t. Carnatic; 17 SSE. Chittoor.
Calm, (La,) X. France, in Aveiron ; 30 NNE.
Rhodez. Calm Point, cape on W. coast of N. A. Lat.
58. 38. N.
Calmac, or Calmuc, part of Tartary, on the
borders of Russia, NE. of Turkestan. The Cal
muc Tartars are strong made men, with broad
faces, flatfish noses, and small eyes, black, and
quick. Their wealth consists in their cattle,
dromedaries, camels, horses, cows, and sheep.
Their religion is idolatrous, and they believe
in the transmigration of souls. They have ma
ny lamas or priests, the principal of which is
called Dalay Lama.
Calmar, s-p. Sweden, in Smaland, capital of
a district near the Baltic ; 150 NE. Copenha
gen, 190 SSW. Stockholm. Lon. 16. 20. E.
Lat. 56. 41. N. Pop. in 1815,4,536. 'Bp. see.
It is defended by walls, ditches, a castle, and
redoubts, and has a gymnasium. Its chief ex
ports are planks, alum; and hemp. This place
was famous for a treaty, called the Union of
Calmar, in 1397. — Its situation is very strong.
On the sea-side is a long mole with stone, along
which boats and ships can ride secure. This
mole is defended by a fortress, called Grimskar.
Behind the old town stands the castle, of very
difficult access, having the sea on one side,
and on the other ramparts, bastions, and ditch
es full of water.
Calmina, or Claros, (an. Calymna, Calama,
and Calydna,) small isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago, near the coast pf Asia; 7 NW. Stan-
chio. Lon. 26. 46. E. Lat. 36. 56. N. This is
a very mountainous island, and it is said that
from it Ephesus may be seen at 80 m. distance.
Calmina, X. Africa, in Dahomy, having a
house for the king, who occasionally resides
there. Pop. 15,000.
Calmont, t. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 21
SSE. Toulouse.
Calmont, t. France, Aveiron ; 7 S. Rhodea.

CAL

290

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Cain, (East,) X. Chester co., Pa. Pop. 1,162.
Cain, (West,)X. Chester co., Pa. Pop. 1,182.
Calne, X. Eng., in Wilts ; 19 E. Bath, 87 W.
London. Lon. 2. 2. W. Lat. 51. 26. N. Pop.
3,547. It was formerly a place of great conse
quence, and memorable for a synod held here
in the year 977, to decide a dispute between
the secular and regular clergy ; when the timber
of the room giving way, many of the priests were
killed. It sends two members to parliament,
and has a good weekly market.
Calobelo, r. Darien, which runs into the
Spanish Maine, Lon. 88. 55. W. Lat. 8. 48. N.
Calogeriza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria; 64 E.
Sofia. Caloiera, or Calogera, small Greek island, in
the Archipelago ; 15 S. Andros. Lon. 25 .16. E.
Lat. 38. 7. N.
Colo Limno, (an. Besbicus,) small isl. in the
Propontis, near the coast of Asia, supposed to
have been separated from the continent by an
earthquake. Lon. 28. 31. E. Lat 40. 21. N.
Calocza, see Colocza.
Calonery Point, cape on E. coast of the isl
and of St. Vincent ; 1 S. Young point.
Caloni, X. Mettelin, in a gulf to which it gives
name, in which are 2 Greek convents.
Calote, X. Abyssinia ; 36 S. Arkiko.
Caloto, X. S. A., Popayan ; 65 SE. Popayan.
Caloude, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 4 W. Car-
mulla, 210 NW. Hydrabad. Lon. 75. 28. E. Lat
18. 42. N.
Colour, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 16 W. Rachore.
Calowz, mountainous and woody district,
Hind., in Lahore, bounded N. by Kaugrah, E.
by Besseer, S. by Nhan, and W. by Punjab;
watered by the Setlej. Capital, Bellaspore.
Calpauny, X. Bengal ; 25 SW. Beyhar.
Calpe, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the coast ; 13
S. Denia. Lon. 0. 8. W. Lat. 38. 37. N.
Calpe, now Gibraltar, mt. on S. point of
Spain, opposite Abyla. See Abyla, and Gib
raltar. Calpenteen, isl. or peninsula, in the Indian
sea, near W. coast of Ceylon, about 40 miles
long, and 6 broad. Lon. 79. 50. E. Lat. 8. N.
It is completely insulated during the north-east
monsoon. Calpenteen, fort and t. of the island of the
same name. Lon. 79. 50. E. Lat 8. 15. N.
Calpeny, one of the Laccadive islands in the
Indian sea. Lon. 73. 29. E. Lat. 10. 5. N.
Calpy, X. Hind., in Agra, on the Jumna ; 1 15
SE. Agra, 115 NW. Allahabad. Lon. 80. 4. E.
Lat. 26. 8. N. It has a good fort, and is a place
of considerable trade, being the entrepot for
the transportation of cotton from the western
and southern provinces into the British territo
ries. Calsary, X. Guzerat; 10 ESE. Junagur.
Calsoe, one of the Faroe islands, in the N.
sea. Lon. 6. 22. W. Lat. 62. 21. N.
Calshot Castle, fortress, Eng., in Hants, at the
mouth of the Southampton water. Lon. 1. 18.
W. Lat. 50. 48. N.
Caltagirone, see Calatagirone.
Caltura, a village and fort on the island of
Ceylon ; 25 S. Columbo.
Calva, one of the smaller Scotch Hebrides,
near the E. coast of South Uist. Lon. 7. 14. W.
Lat. 57. 7. N.

Calvados, dep. France, so called from a long
ridge of rocks, near the coast of what was here
tofore called Normandy ; extending from the
Seine easterly, to the Vire westerly, about 50
miles ; and 30 miles from N. to S. It is bound
ed N. by the English channel, E. by Eure, S.
by Orne and Channel ; which last bounds it on
the W. The principal rivers are the Orne, the
Vire, and the Dive. Caen is the capital. Pop.
505,420. Sq. m. 2,152.
Calvados, ridge of rocks, near the coast of
France, 12 miles in length. Lon. 0. 28. W. Lat.
49. 22. N.
Calvary, (Mount,) also called Golgotha, hill,
near Jerusalem, on which Christ was crucified.
It was NW. of the ancient city, and without the
walls. Calvatone, X. Italy ; 14 W. Mantua.
Calucala, r. Angola, which runs into the Co-
anza, near its mouth.
Calveluzzo, X. Naples, in Basilicata; 10 S.
Potenza. Calventura, small isl. in the bay of Bengal,
near the coast of Ava. Lon. 95. 20. E. Lat. 16.
54. N.
Calventura Rocks, rocks in the bay of Bengal.
Lon. 94. 23. E. Lat. 16. 21. N.
Calverley, X. Eng., in the West Riding of
Yorkshire ; 4 NE. Bradford. Pop. 1,127.
Calvert, co. Md. ; bounded N. by Ann Arun-
dell co., E. by Chesapeake bay, SW. by St. Ma
ry's co., and W. by Prince George co. Pop.
in 1S10, 8,005; slaves 3,937. Pop. in 1820,
8,073. Chief town, Prince Frederick.
Calvert's Island, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean,
near W. coast of N. America. Lon. 128. 10. W.
Lat. 50. 40.
Calves' Islets and Rocks, in Roaringwater bay,
on S. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9. 25. W. Lat. 51.
26. N.
Calveschin, t. Prussia ; 12 NE. Thorn.
Calvi, X. Naples, in Lavora. Bp. see. ; 6 N.
Capua, 27 W. Benevento. Lon. 14. 5. E. Lat.
41. 12. N.
Calvi, X. Corsica, and principal place of a dis
trict ; 33 WSW. Bastia. Lon. 8.45. E. Lat.
42. 34. N. Pop. 1,162. It is situated on a
tongue of land, which forms one of the most
beautiful harbours in the island, called the Gulf
of Calvi, defended by a good citadel, and sev
eral bastions.
Caluja, small isl. in the sea of Mindoro. Lon.
121. 15. E. Lat. 9. 26. N.
Calviella,X. Naples, in Basilicata; 12 SSE.
Potenza. Calvisano, X. Italy; 12 SSE. Brescia. Pop.
3,000. Calvisson, X. France, Gard ; 3 E. Sommieres,
9 SW. Nimes. Pop. 2\400.
Calviti,X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 11 E.
Cariati. Calviz'zano, v. near Naples. Pop. 2,207.
Caluma, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 9. N.
Calumana, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 4. 2.
E. Lat. 13. 48. N.
Calumpan, X on W. coast of Lucon. Lon.
120. 32. E. Lat. 14. 20. N.
Calvo, mt. Naples, in Capitanata ; 11 N. Man-
f.edouia.

CAM

291

CAM

Cahorde, or Calwarde, t. Ger., in Brunswick,
on the Ohra ; 21 NW. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,377.
Calusio, or Colusio, t. Piedmont ; 5 N. Chi-
vasso. Pop. 2,863.
Caluto, t. S. America, in Popayan ; 70 ESE.
Popayan, 85 SSW. Neyva.
Calw, or Calbe, X. Wurt., capital of a district,
in the circle of Schwarzwald, on the Nagold,
with a manufacture of serges and of china ; 16
WSW. Stuttgart, 24 ESE. Rastadt. Lon. 8. 50.
E. Lat. 48. 47. N. Pop. 3,356.
Crdyajury, t. Bengal ; 40 SW. Silhet.
-*,*^2Jnus, now Kalikdoni.
Calydon, city, Greece, in .ffitolia, on the
Evenus ; about 10 WNW. Naupactus.
Calymere Point, on the S. extremity of E.
coast of the Carnatic countiy, in Hind. Lon. 79.
55. E. Lat. 10. 23. N.
Calypso, now Fano.
Calzada, X. Spain, in Old Castile, once the
see of a bishop ; 40 W. Calahorra. Lon. 2. 56.
W. Lat. 42. 19. N.
Calzo, X. Italy, on the Oglio ; 12 NNE. Crema.
Cam, or Granta, r. Eng., which rises near
Saffron-Walden, in Essex, passes by Cambridge,
and joins the Ouse, 3 S. Ely.
Cam, one of the smaller Virgin islands, in the
West-Indies. Lon. 63. 25. W. Lat. 18. 20. N.
Cam, r. Eng., which rises in Gloucestershire,
and runs into the Severn, 6 NNE. Berkeley.
Cam, v. and parish, Eng., in Gloucestershire ;
1 N. Dursley. Pop. 1,501.
Camaches, now Kamak.
Camadoli, X. Tuscany ; 37 E. Florence. Lon.
12. E. Lat. 43. 48. N. Here is a famous mon
astery. Camakura, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 12.E. Jedo.
Camandoo, t. Hind., in Lahore-; 105 NE. La
hore. Camanistigoyen Bay, bay on N. part of lake
Superior. Lon. 88. 55. W. Lat. 48. 24. N.
Camanistigoyen, r. Canada, which runs into
lake Superior, forming a bay at its mouth, Lon.
89. W. Lat. 48. 27. N.
Camamu, X. Brazil, on the coast ; 40 N. Ilheos.
Camana, X. S. A. and capital of a jurisdiction
in Peru, situated on a river of the same name,
near the S. Pacific ocean ; 70 W. Arequipa.
Lon. 73. 21. W. Lat. 16. 17. S. Pop. 1,500.
The country about yields wine and fruits, and
in the town are some manufactures.
Camarawm, now Cambray.
Camanagola, t S. A. in Cumana ; 40 W. Cu
mana. Camapuao, small r. Paraguay, whose water's
are conveyed to the La Plata
Camaran, or Kamaran, isl. in the Red sea,
about 30 miles in length, and 20 in breadth ;
about 8 miles from the coast of Arabia. Lon.
42. 22. E. Lat. 15. 6. N. The inhabitants are
principally employed in fishing, especially for
pearls and coral.
Camarana, see St. Maria de Camarana.
Camarasa, X. Spain, in Catalonia, on the river
Segro ; 3 miles above Balaguer.
Camarana, r. Sicily, which runs into the sea,
on S. coast, Lon. 13. 32. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Camarata, t Sicily, in Mazzara. Pop. 7,500.
Camaratiba, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lat. 6. 35. S.
Camarca, x. Samos ; 6 WNW. Cora:

Camuret, 'X. France, in Vaucluse, on the Aig-
nez ; 4 NE. Orange. Pop. 2,030.
Camargos, X. Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 35 NE.
Villa Rica.
Camargue, orCamarque, (La,) insulated tract,
France, formed by the two principal mouths of
the Rhone, and called the Delta of France. It
is intersected by canals ; belongs to the town
of Aries; marshy and impregnated with salt,
but very fertile, producing excellent pasture,
and feeds numerous cattle and sheep ; but the
air is unwholesome. Sq. m. 200.
Camarina, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 4 S. Terale.
Camaret, t. France, in Finisterre, in a bay to
which it gives name ; 8 S, Brest. H. 100.
Camarinas, X. Spain, near the sea coast of
Galicia ; 40 SW. Corunna.
Camarines, the most southern province of the
island of Luijon, one of the Philippines, in
which are found several springs of warm wa
ter, some of a petrifying quality. Pop. 22,000.
Caceres is the capital.
Camarioca, X. Cuba; 15 E. Havannah.
Camarones, r. Patagonia, which runs into the
Atlantic, forming a bay at its mouth, Lat. 46.
30. S.
Camarones, or Jamour, r. Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic, Lon. 11. 30. E. Lat. 3. 28. N.
Camarones, X. Cuba ; 75 SE. Havannah.
Camarones, r. Peru, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, 36 S. Aries*.
Camarsac, X. France, in Gironde ; 9 E. Bour
deaux. Camarsen, X. Tyrolese ; 12 E. Bormio.
Cambadas, X. Spain, in Galicia, near the sea ;
16 W. Ponte-Vedra.
Cambahee, r. S. C. which is formed by two
branches, caljed North and South Saltketcher,
and runs into St. Helena sound.
Cambala, mt* Thibet, S. of the Sanpoo; 20
SW. Lassa.
Cambara, X. Japan, Niphon ; 40 SW. Nigata.
Cambal, the most southern pr. Abyssinia, in
habited by a people called Seba-adja, who are
a mixture of Christians, Mahometans, and Pa
gans, under a prince nominally tributary to the
negus. It is abundant in fruits. Lon. 37. to
38. E. Lat. 7. to 8. N.
Cambay, city, Hind., in Guzerat; 56 S. Ame
dabad. Lon. 72. 36 E. Lat. 22. 17. N. Fop.
stated at 150,000. Near the town the tides run
with great rapidity and rise and fall 40 feet, so
that at high water ships can anchor near the
town, but at low water the river is almost dry.
When Amedabad flourished, this town was its
seaport, and experienced great prosperity and
had an extensive commerce ; but it is now
much reduced. It was one of the largest and
most beautiful towns in India, situated about a
league from the gulf to which it gives name,
on the river Myhie. The houses are built of
stone, brick, or marble. There are 3 bazars, or
public markets, and 4 public cisterns, which
are capable of supplying the whole town with
water, in times of the greatest drought It is
defended by a strong wall, about 5 miles in cir
cumference ; its principal commerce consists
in spices, elephants' teeth, stuffs of silk and
cotton, and other merchandize, which are
brought from all parts.

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Cambay, (Gulf of) bay, extending about 150
miles into the province of Guzerat.
Cambaza, X. Japan, in Jersingo.
Cambe, (La,) X. France, in Calvados ; 12
WNW. Bayeux.
Cambello, t. Ceram, and principal market for
cloves. Camberg, X. Ger., in Nassau ;~22 N. Mentz, 30
E. Coblentz. Pop. 1,200.
Cambergam, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 8 SW.
Amednagur. Cambernon, X. France, in Channel ; 3 NE.
Coutances. H. 300.
Camberry, X. Cochin ; 12 E. Cranganore.
Camberwell, considerable village, Eng., in
Surry ; 2 S. London. Pop. 11,309.
Cambes, X. France,Gironde ; 9 SSE.Bourdeaux.
Cambione, X. Italy, on the lake of Lugano ; 12
NW. Como.
Cambia, t. Italy, on a small river, which runs
into the Po ; 7 ENE. Valenza.
Cambo, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 8 S.
by E. Bayonne. Pop. 1,200.
Cambodia, or Camboge, or Camboja, or Cam-
boya, country, Asia, between 10 and 15 deg. N.
Lat, bounded N. by Laos, E. by Cochin-China
and Chiampa, S. by the sea, and W. by Siam ;
about 400 miles in length, and 150 in breadth.
Pop. vaguely estimated at 1,000,000. The air
is exceedingly hot, which compels the inhabi
tants to reside chiefly by the sides of rivers or
lakes, where they are tormented by mosquitos.
The soil is fertile, producing corn, rice, excel
lent legumes, sugar, indigo, opium, camphor,
and different medicinal drugs in abundance ;
raw silk and ivory are of little value. Gold of
great purity, amethysts, hyacinths, rabies, to
pazes, and other precious stones are found ;
cattle of the cow kind are exceedingly numer
ous. Elephants, lions, tigers, and almost all the
animals of the deserts of Africa, are found here.
Cambodia, or Donnai, r. Asia, called also in
different parts of its course, Kiou-Long, May-
Kanng, Mecon, or Mioon, which rises in Thibet,
passes through Yunnan, a province of China,
the countries of Laos and Cambodia, and runs
into the Chinese sea, Lon. 104. 10. E. Lat. 10-
N. It is navigable for the largest vessels 40
leagues, and is generally^ miles wide, and very
deep. See Mecon.
Cambodia, or Levek, city, Asia, and capital of
the countiy of Cambodia, situated on a river,
which goes by the several names of Mecon,
Cambodia, Micon, or Japanese river ; 150 miles
from the sea. Lon. 104. 35. E. Lat. 13. N.
It was once a considerable town, but is now a
mean place, with an indifferent palace.
Cambodunum, now Kempten.
Cambona, small isl. in the Indian sea, near S.
coast of Celebes. Lon. 125. 45. E. Lat 5. 22. S.
Cambones, X. France, in Tarn ; 7 E. Castres.
Cambown, t. Eng., in Cornwall ; 12 W. Truro,
269 W. London. Pop. 1,250.
Cambray, (an. Camaracum,) city, France, and
principal place of a district, in North ; 13 posts
SSW. Brussels, 21} NNE. Paris. Lon. 3. 14. E.
Lat 50. 50. N. Pop. 13,799. H. 2,993. Bp. see.
It contains a cathedral, 10 churches, and 2 hos
pitals ; situated on the Scheldt ; before the
revolution, the capital of Cambresis, and the

see of an archbishop. The principal manufac
tures are lace, cambric, soap, and leather..*-*
Fenelon, abp. of Cambray, died here in 1715.
Cambray, see Gouverneur.
Cambremer, X. France, Calvados; 15 E. Caen.
Cambresis, before the revolution, a country
of France, in the environs of Cambray, which
was the capital.
Cambria, the ancient name of Wales.
Cambria, t. Niagara co. N. Y., on E. side of
the Niagara. Pop. 1,134. It is a large town
ship, and includes the village of Lewiston.
Cambria, co. Pa., bounded N. by Clearfield
co., E. by Huntingdon and Bedford cos., S. by
Somerset co., and W. by Westmoreland and
Indiana cos. Pop. in 1810, 2,117; in 1820,
3,287. Chief town, Ebensburg.
Cambria, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 604.
Cambridge, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 35 NNW.
Montpelier, W. 514. Pop. 1,176.
Cambridge, X. Coos co. N. H. ; watered by the
Androscoggin ; 25 NE. Lancaster.
Cambridge, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass., on the
north side of Charles river ; 3 WNW, Boston,
W. 435. Lon. 71. 7. W. Lat. 42. 23. N. Pop.
in 1810, 2,323 ; in 1820, 3,295. It contains a
court house, a jail, a state arsenal, a printing
office, a university, and 5 houses of public wor
ship ; 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopa-
lians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Universalists;
The courts for the county are held alternately
here and at Concord. The court house ana
jail are situated in a small village at Lechmere's
point, a mile from Boston, with which there is
a connexion by Craigie's bridge, across Charles
river. In this village there is a large glass
manufactory. One of the Congregational
meeting houses and the Baptist and the Uni
versalis! meeting houses are in the large village
of Cambridge-port, which is connected with
Boston, by West Boston bridge, across the same
river. The University in Cambridge, the oldest in
the United States, was incorporated in 1638,
and named Harvard College, from its principal
founder. Its endowments have been since
greatly increased by donations from the state,
as well as by numerous acts of private bounty;
and with regard to funds, library, professorships,
and various literary advantages, it is the first
institution of the kind in America. It comprises
a department for undergraduates, and one for
students preparing for each of the learned pro
fessions, theology, law, and medicine.
The buildings consist of University Hall, a
very elegant edifice of granite, 140 feet by 50,
and 42 in height, containing a chapel, 6 lecture
rooms, dining halls, Sic ; Harvard Hall, a brick
edifice, 108 feet by 40, containing the library,
philosophical apparatus, and mineralogical cab
inet; 4 other brick edifices, called Massachu
setts, Hollis, Stoughton, and Holworthy Halls,
each 4 stories high, containing rooms for the
accommodation of students ; Holden Chapel,
containing the anatomical museum, chemical
laboratory, and lecture rooms ; and 3 college
houses of wood, occupied by students. The
library is the largest in the union, and contains
about 28,000 volumes. The philosophical, ap
paratus is probably not surpassed by any in the

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country. The chemical laboratory, anatomical
museum, and cabinet of minerals are all valua
ble. The botanic garden comprises 7 acres,
laid out in an ornamental style, and is furnished
with an interesting collection of trees, shrubs,
and plants, both native and foreign.
The legislative government is entrusted to a
corporation, consisting of the president and 6
fellows ; and to a board of overseers, composed
of the president of the university, the governor
of the state, lieutenant governor, members of
the council and senate, and the speaker of the
house of the representatives, ex ojficiis ; together
with 30 others, 15 clergymen and 15 laymen,
elected for the purpose. The executive gov
ernment of the university, including the several
departments, is composed of the president, 20
professors, and 5 tutors. The course of educa
tion requisite in order to obtain the first degree
in arts in this university, as in American colle
ges generally, is completed in four years.
The studies of which a knowledge is neces
sary in order to admission into the freshman
class, are Grajca Minora, Greek Testament,
Virgil, Sallust, Cicero's Select Orations, ele
ments of ancient and modern geography, arith
metic through alligation medial and alternate,
and algebra to the end of simple equations.
In the Theological School, the course of edu
cation is completed in 3 years, and the students
are divided into 3 classes, Junior, Middle, and
Senior. Tuition is afforded free of expense to
all ; and further assistance is given to such as
are indigent. Graduates of any college, of
suitable character, may be admitted to share in
all the benefits of this institution.
The Law School was established in 1817.
Candidates for admission must be graduates of
some college, or qualified according to the rules
of court to become students at law. Students
in this department, after a course of study of 3
years, one half of which, at least, being passed
at the university, may obtain a degree of LL. B.
The lectures for the medical students are
delivered in Boston, at the Massachusetts Medi
cal College, which is a spacious edifice of brick,
and contains a medical libraiy of about 4,000
volumes. They commence annually on the
3d Wednesday in November, and continue 3
months. In order to obtain a degree of M. D.,
it is necessary for a student to attend 2 courses
of lectures, and to pass 3 years, including the
time occupied in attending the lectures, under
the direction of some regular practitioner. — In
1822, the number of undergraduates was 277 ;
theological students 29 ; law students 13 ; med
ical students 53 : — total 374.
Commencement is held on the last Wednes
day in August. There are 3 vacations ; the 1st
from commencement, 4 weeks and 2 days ;
the 2d, from the 4th Friday in December, 7
weeks ; the 3d, from the 3d Friday in May, 2
weeks. Cambridge, (West,) p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ;
6 NW. Boston, W. 438. Pop. 1,064.
Cambridge, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. ; 35
NE. Albany, W. 380. Pop. 2,491. Here is an
academy. Cambridge, p-t. and cap. Dorchester co. Md.,
on S. side of the Choptank, 18 miles above its

entrance into the Chesapeake ; 15 NW. Vienna,
55 SSE. Baltimore, 55 ESE. Washington. Lon.
76. 7. W. Lat. 38. 33. N. Pop. 1,300. H. 120.
It has a pleasant and healthy situation, and has
increased nearly one half within 5 or 6 years.
It contains a court house, a jail, and an Epis
copal church, all of brick ; a Methodist meet
ing house, a market house, and an academy,
incorporated in 1809, and endowed with an
annual income of $500, and having usually
about 70 pupils.
Cumbridge, p-t. Abbeville district, S. C. ; 56
N. Augusta, 70 WNW. Columbia, W. 595. It
is pleasantly situated on an elevated plain, 7
miles from the Saluda, and contains a court
house, a jail, an academy, and 60 or 70 houses.
The district court is held here. — In 1781, this
town, then in possession of the British garrison,
was beseiged by the American troops under
Gen. Greene.
Cambridge, p-t and cap. Guernsey co. Ohio,
on Will's creek ; 25 E. Zanesville, 45 W., St. ,
Clairsville, W. 303. Pop. 300 ; including the
township, 988. It is a thriving town, and con
tains the county buildings and about 50 dwel
ling houses.
Cambridge, co. Eng., bounded NW. by Lin
colnshire, N. by Norfolk, E. by Suffolk, S.
by Essex and Hertfordshire, and W. by the
counties of Bedford, Huntingdon, and North
ampton ; about 52 miles long, and 26 broad.
It is divided into 17 hundreds, and contains 1
city, (Ely,) 1 university, (Cambridge,) 7 other
market towns, and 163 parishes. Sq. m. 686.
Pop. 101,109. Families 21,022; 12,881 engaged
in agriculture ; 5,303 in trade and manufactures ;
2,888 otherwise. In N. part the lands are low
and naturally bogs, but have been, by great
labour and expense, drained and converted
into rich meadows, or fertile corn land ; the air
is unhealthy, and the water brackish ; and,
notwithstanding all the care and pains taken,
the lands are still subject to inundations. The
SW. part of the county is more elevated, and
the air is more pure ; the SE. part is open and
healthy, and but thinly inhabited.
Cambridge, (an. Garanta and Caergrant,) X.
Eng., cap. Cambridgeshire, on the Cam ; 17 S.
Ely, 51 due N. London. Lat. 52. 13. N. Pop.
11,108. It is situated on both sides of the Cam,
but chiefly on the southeast bank. The river
is crossed by 9 bridges. The town is about 1
mile long, and £ mile broad ; the streets and
buildings irregular. It contains 14 parish chh.,
4 meeting houses for dissenters, and a universi
ty, for which it is chiefly celebrated. It has no
manufacture of consequence ; its chief trade
consists in oil, corn, and iron. Four members
are returned to parliament; 2 by the town, and
2 by the university.
The university of Cambridge is, next to Ox
ford, the greatest in Europe, for the extent and
number of its buildings and institutions, and the
wealth of its endowments. It was founded or
revived, according to some, by Sigebertih 630.
The earliest public instrument, however, con
ceived to be authentic, does not ascend higher
than A. D. 1229 ; though it is supposed to have
subsisted a considerable time before. It now
consists of 13 colleges, 4 halls, the schools, a

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public libraiy of about 100,000 vols'., a senate
house, and a botanic garden, consisting of 5
acres. Each of the colleges and halls, has
apartments for students and fellows, a master's
lodge, a chapel, a libraiy, a hall, and a combi
nation room ; several of these are magnificent
structures. In the following table are exhibited the
names of the several colleges and halls, the
years of their foundation, and the number of
fellows, scholarships, and members belonging
to each in 1802 ; with the exception of Down
ing college, which has been founded since that
date. Found. Eel. Schol. Mem.
1. Peter-House,*  1257  22  48  69
2. Clare-Hall  1326  20  76
3. Pembroke-Hall  1343  15  80
4. Bene't,t  1344  12  60  52
5. Gonvile SiCaius...l348  26  77  104
6. Trinity-Hall  1351  12  14  82
7. King's...  1441  70  94
8. Queen's  1448  20  88
9. Catherine-Hall  1475  14  26  28
10. Jesus  1497  16  41  102
11. Christ's  1560  15  101
12. St. John's  1509  61  114  465
13. Magdalene  1542  17  61
14. Trinity  1546  60  69  548
15. Emanuel  1584  15  50  144
16. Sidney-Sussex  1598  12  53
17. Downing  1807  6 

Total number of members 2,147
The number of members, in 1817, was stated
at 4,634 ; in 1820, members on the boards
3,395; members of the senate 1,558. Previous
to the foundation of Downing College, the
number of fellows was 406, and of scholars 666,
besides 236 inferior officers and servants main
tained on the various endowments. The num
ber of regular professors is 23. See Oxford.
Cambrilla, or Cambriles, X. Spain, in Catalo
nia, near the sea ; surrounded with walls ; 10
WSW. Tarragona. Pop. 1,500.
Cambrnsa, or Porto Venetico, s-p. A. Turkey,
in the gulf of Satalia ; 7 N. Cape Chelidone.
Camburg, X. Ger. Gotha, in Altenburg ; 28
W. Altenburg, 32 SW. Leipsic. Lon. 11.39.E.
Lat. 51.5. N. Pop. 1,404.
Cambusnethan, v. &. parish, Scot, in Lanark
shire, on the Clyde ; 4 Lanark. Pop. 2,591.
Cambyna, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 50
miles in circ, and 10 from S. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 122. 25. E. Lat. 5. 15. S.
Cambulazet, X. France, in Aveiron ; 10 SSW.
Rhodez. Cambusta, see Gebel Tar.
Cambysis-Marium, now Moscho.
Camden, X. Upper Canada. N. Lake Ontario.
Camden, p-t. Lincoln co., Maine, on W. side
of Penobscot bay ; 37 ENE. Wiscasset, 208
NE. Boston, W. 550. Lon. 69. 4. W. Lat. 44.
12. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,607 ; in 1820, 1,825. It
b a place of considerable business in ship-build
ing, and burning lime. From Camden heights
there is a fine view of Penobscot bay and its
islands. Camden, p-t Oneida co., N. Y.. on E. side of
Williamstown, W. 427. Pop. 1,772.
* Or St. Peter's. + Or Corpus Christi.

, Camden, v. Gloucester co., N. J., on E.bank
of the Delaware, opposite to Philadelphia. It
is a pleasant village, and contains a bank and
an academy.
Camden, p-t. Kentco., Delaware ; 6 SE. Do
ver, W. 132.
Camden, co. S. part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 3,941 ; slaves, 2,666. Pop. in 1820, 4,342.
Chief towns, Jefferson and St. Mary's.
Camden, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
5,347; slaves 1,411. Pop. in 1820,6,347. Chief
town, Jonesburg.
Camden, p-t. and cap., Kershaw district, S.
C, on E. side of the Wateree ; 35 NE. Colum
bia, 109 NE. Augusta, 130 NNW. Charleston,
W. 471. Lon. 80. 33. W. Lat. 34. 17. N. Pop.
about 1,000. It is a pleasant town, regularly
laid out, and contains a court house, a jail, an
academy, and 4 places of public worship ; 1
for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for
Baptists, and 1 for Methodists, and has consid
erable trade. The surrounding country is fer
tile and pleasant. The Wateree is navigable
to this place for boats of 70 tons. — Two battles
were fought here during the revolutionary
war ; one on the I6th of Aug. 1780, between
Gen. Gates and Lord Cornwallis, in which the
Americans were defeated : the other on the
25th of April, 1781, between Gen. Greene, and
Lord Rawdon. The Americans had 126 killed
and 100 taken prisoners. The British had about
100 killed.
Camden, or Campden, X. Eng., Gloucester
shire, on the borders of Worcestershire ; 30
NNE. Gloucester, 89 WNW. London. Lon. 1.
48. W. Lat. 52. 4. N. Pop. 1,214. It has a
market on Wednesday.
Came, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 16 E.
Bayonne. Camel, see Alan.
Camel, small isl. near W. coast of Madagas
car. Lon. 48. 5. E. Lat. 14. 20. S.
Camelford, X. Eng., in Cornwall, with a
weekly market on Friday ; 18 N. Launceston,
228 W.London. Pop. 1,100. In 823, the Brit
ons were defeated here by Egbert- It is a
borough, and sends 2 members to parliament
Camelodunum, now Maiden.
Camelon, or Camlin, X. Scot, in Stirling, on
the Carron ; 2 E. Falkirk. Said to have been
anciently a place of consequence, and a sea
port. Vestiges of former grandeur yet remain.
Camelpour, X. Bengal ; 26 NE. Kishenagur.
Camel's Rump, a summit of the Green Moun
tains in Chittenden co. Vt. The summit is on
the E. line of Huntingdon ; 20 E. by S. Bur
lington, 20 W. by N. Montpelier. It is one of
the highest summits of the Green Mountains,
and is 3,960 feet above the site of the state-
house of Montpelier, and 4,188 feet above tide
water. Camen, or Kamen, X. Pru. Westphalia,' in
Arensberg ; 20 SE. Munster, 50 NE. Cologne.
Lon. 7. 46. E. Lat. 51. 55. N. Pop. 1,570 —
Native, John Buxtorf.
Camenz, X. Saxony, in Lusatia ; 13 WNW.
Budissen, 21 NE. Dresden. Lon. 14. I.E. Lat.
51. 16. N. Pop. 3,298. It contains a lyceum,
and a hospital.
Camenz, X. Pru. Silesia, in Munsterb erg ; 5

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S. Frankenstein, 8. SW. Munsterberg. Lon.
16. 41. E. Lat. 50. 20.N.
Comer, X. Brandenburg ; 6 WNW. Belitz.
Camerina, now St. Maria di Camarana.
' Camerino, X. Italy, States of the Church, ca
pital of a delegation of the same name, ncarthe
Apennine mountains, 40 SW. Ancona, 75 NNE.
Rome. Pop. 5,330. Lon. 12. 34. E. Lat. 43. 6.
N. Abp. see. The inhabitants are employed in
the manufacture and trade of silk. The town
contains a cathedral and 19 convents. — Native,
Carlo Maratti.
Cameroon, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near SW. coast of Palawan. Lon. 117. 24. E.
Lat. 7. 57. N.
Camerotta, t. Naples, in Principato Citra;
SW. Policastro.
Cameroua, X. Prussia ; 12 SE. Seidenburg.
Camersfort, X. Bav. ; 5 S. Gerolzhofen.
Camerstein, citadel, Bav. ; 4 SW. Schawbaeh.
Cames, X. Cuba ; 40 W. Bayamo.
Camfer, r. Sumatra, which runs into the
straits of Malacca, Lon. 103. 53. E. Lat. 0. 33. N.
Camicus, now Platina.
Camiguen, one of the Babuyanes islands, on
the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 121. 58. E. Lat.
19.2. N.
Camillus, p-t. Onondaga CO., N. Y. ; 10 NW.
Onondaga, 10 E. Auburn, 64 W. Utica, 160 W.
Albany, W. 400. Pop. in 1810, 2,388, in 1820,
',5,791. It is a large and valuable township,
first settled in 1790, lying on the south side of
Cross lake and Seneca river, and is intersected
by the western canal. Gipsum and a valuable
quarry of sand stone is found here. There are
two post villages in the township, Elbridge and
Nine mile Creek, which see.
Camin, X. Sennaar ; 60 SSW. Gherri.
Caminha, X. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-Min-
ho, at the mouth of the Minho, defended by a
fort and garrison ; 11 NNW. Viana. Lon. 8.
44. W. Lat. 41. 53. N. Pop. 2,520. It has 1
parish church, 2 hospitals, and 2 convents.
Camini, X. Naples, in Lavora ; 7 N. Sezza.
Camim'ec, see Kaminiec.
Caminilza, X. Morea, situated on a small gulf
at the mouth of a river of the same name, an
ciently called Olenus, and the river Mela ; 8
SW. Patras, 24 NE. Chiarenza.
Caminog, small isl. in the N. Pacific Ocean,
NE. Lucon. Lon. 123. 37. E. Lat. 14.24. N.
Caminogari, small isl. Japan, in the strait
between Niphon and Xicoco.
Caminogari, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 140 SW.
Meaco. Caminosequi, small isl. Japan, in the strait
between Niphon and Xicoco.
Camiro, X. Rhodes ; 18 SW. Rhodes.
Camisano, X. Italy, in Vicenza ; 7 SE Vicen
za. Pop. 1,500.
Camisano, X. Italy; 6 NNE. Crema.
Camlole, X. Guzerat ; 10 NE. Brodera.
Comma, r. Africa, which divides Benin from
Loango, and runs into the Atlantic, Lat. 1. 40. S.
Comma, km. Africa; N. the river so called.
Cammanene, now Kaman.
Cammaserai, X. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 18
SW. Jaffierabad.
Cammerolo, r. Naples, which runs into the
Adriatic, Lon. 14. 43. E. Lat. 42. 16. N. |

Cammin, t. Prussian Pomerania, situated near
the mouth of the Oder, on a part called the
Lake of Boden, about 3 miles from the Baltic ;
24 N. Old Stettin, 30 NNW. Stargard. Lon. 14.
52. E. Lat 53. 56. N. Pop. 1,899.
Cammoo, X. Japan, Niphon ; 86 NNE. Meaco.
Camogli, t. Genoa, near the sea-coast ; 10 E.
Genoa. Camoil, X. France, in Morbihan ; ' 4 WSW.
Roche Bernard.
Camolin, t. Ireland, in Wexford; 10 NNE.
Enniscorthy. Camon, t. France, Aude; 12 W. Limoux.
Camopi, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 52. 21. W. Lat. 4. 15. N.
Camera, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 20
NE. Lisbon.
Camora, see Zamora.
Camorla, one of the Nicobar islands, about
29 miles in length from N. to S., but of various
breadth, from 2 miles to 8. The N. part of
the island is flat, but in the SE., where there is
a harbour, it is mountainous. The inhabitants
are few. Lon. 94. E. Lat. 8. 10., N.
Camourasca, settlement in Lower-Canada,
on S. side of the St. Lawrence, below Quebec.
Camosim, or Rio de Cruz, r. Brazil, which
runs into tbe'sea, Lon. 42. 32. W. Lat. 2. 55. S.
Camp, t. Ger., in Nassau, on E. side of the
Rhine, opposite to Boppart Fop. 600.
Camp, v. Holland; 7 NW. Alkmaer.
Campach, r. Carinthia, which runs into the
Moll, near Velacb.
Campagna d'Evoli, X. Naples, in Principato
Citra ; 13 SSW. Conza, 16 ENE. Salerno. Lon.
14. 58. E. Lat. 40. 51. N. Pop. 3,938. Bp. see.
Campagna Di Roma', province of the Pope
dom, comprehending the greater part of an
cient Latium. It is bounded N . by the Sabina,
E. and SE. by Abruzzo Ultra and Lavora, SW.
by the Mediteranean, and NW. by the Patri
mony of St. Peter ; about 44 miles long, and
33 broad. The countiy contains many beauti
ful plains, and the soil is generally fertile; but
great part rendered unwholesome by the Pon
tine marshes, on which account there are few
towns or villages, and the inhabitants are in
general poor. The principal cities or towns
are Rome, Veletri, Frascati, Pelestrina, Terra-
cina, Nettuno, and Ostia.
Campagnac, X. France, in Aveiron ; 25 N.
Milhaud. Pop. 1,600.
Compagnatico, X. Tuscany, near the Om-
brone ; 25 S. Sienna.
Campagne, t. France, in Siraits-of-Calais ; 6
W.Hesdin. Pop. 1,500.
Campaign Creek, r. Ohio, which flows into
the Ohio, 8 miles above the Gallipolis.
Campan, X. France, in Higher-Pyrenees, sit
uated in a valley to which it gives name ; 3 S.
Bagneres-en-Bigore. Pop. 3,640.
Campana, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 8
SSE. Aquila.
Campana, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 9
SW. Cariati.
Campana, small isl. in the S. Pacific ocean
near the coast of Chili. Lat. 48. 50. S.
Campana, r. Chili, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, Lat. 48. 50. S.
Campana, (La.) X. Spain, in Seville; 13 W.
Ecija.

CAM

290

CAM

Campanario, t. Spain, in New-Castile; 10
miles from Palaccio-del-Rey.
Campania, ancient countiy in Italy. Chief
city, Capua; now Lavora.
Campbell, co. Va. ; bounded N. by James
river and Buckingham co., E. by Charlotte co.,
S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Bedford co. ;
W. 218. Pop. in 1810, 11,001 ; in 1820, 16,569.
Chief towns, Lynchburg and New London.
Campbell, co., N. part of Ken., on the Ohio.
Pop. in 1810, 3,473; slaves, 472. Pop. in 1820,
7,022. Chief town, Newport.
Campbell, CO., E. Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
2,669 ; slaves 103. Pop. in 1820, 4,214. Chief
town, Jacksonborough.
Campbell's Fort, in Tennessee, near the con
flux of the Holston with the Tennessee.
Campbellsville, p-v . Green co. Ken. ; W. 654.
Campbelltown, p-v. in Painted Post, N. Y.,
on the Susquehanna ; W. 288.
Campbelltown, t. Dauphin co., Pa. ; 13 E.
Harrisburg, 96 NW. Philadelphia.
Cambelltown, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C. ;
W. 588.
Cambel Town, X. W. Florida, on Pensacola
Bay ; 7 NNE. Pensacola.
Cambellown, s-p. Scot, in Argyle, on E.
coast of the peninsula of Kintyre, in a bay to
¦which it gives name; 30 W. Ayr, 74 S. Invera
ry. Lon. 5. 34. W. Lat. 55. 27. N. Pop. 7,807.
It has a good harbour, with from 6 to 10 fa
thom water, sheltered by hills, and an island at
its entrance. The principal trade is fishing for
herrings, next to which is distilling whiskey.
Cambellown, X. Scot, in Inverness; 10 NE.
Inverness. Campden, see Camden.
Cumpeachy, or SI. Francisco de Campeachy,
s-p. Mexico, in Merida or Yucatan, in a bay
to which to it gives name, on W. coast of the
peninsula of Yucatan ; 90 WSW. Merida. Lon.
90. 31. W. Lat. 19. 51. N. Pop. 6,000. It is
defended by a castle, furnished with cannon,
and has several times been taken from the
Spaniards and plundered, and its port is large,
but shallow. The houses are well built of
stone. The exportation of the wax of Yucatan
constitutes one of the most lucrative branches
oftrade. It has a manufacture of cotton cloth.
It was for a long time the chief mart for log
wood, of which great quantities grew in the
neighbourhood, before the English landed here,
and cut it at the isthmus. — At the time when
it was taken by the Spaniards, it was said to
have contained 3,000 houses, and considerable
monuments of Indian art.
Campeachy, (Bay of) bay in the gulf of
Mexico, on SW. coast of Yucatan, and N. Ta
basco. It takes its name from the town of Cam
peachy. Compel Treve, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine;
15 SW. Rennes.
Campelen, X. Switz., Berne ; 10 WNW. Berne.
Campen, X. Neth., in Overissel, on W. side of
the Issel, near its mouth ; 13 N. Arnheim, 45
NE. Amsterdam. Lon. 5. 48. E. Lat. 52. 37.
N. Pop. 7,019. It was formerly a place of
great trade, and one of the Hanse towns, but
the port is now much choaked up by sand.
Campeneac, t. France, in Morbihan; 4 E.
Ploermel.

Campengpet, X. Upper Siam ; 60 S. Pors&IouC
Campestris, E. part of ancient Cilicia.
Campiglia, t. Tuscany; 26 S. Volterra.
Campignano, t. Popedom, in Perugiano; 8
SSW. Perugia.
Campillo, X. Spain, Seville ; 9 W. Antequera.
Campillo de Altobucy, X. Spain, in New-Cas
tile ; 23 SSE. Cuenca.
Campion, X. Chinese Tartary ; 60 N. the great
wall. Lon. 104. 44. E. Lat. 40. 25. N. Marco
Paulo tells us that there were Christians here,
who had 3 great and fair churches.
Campione, X. Switz., in Tesin, on the lake of
Lugano ; 4 SSE. Lugano.
Campitello, t. Corsica ; 14 S. Bastia.
Campo, X. Genoa ; 9 NW. Genoa.
Cdmpo, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 28 N. Balbastro.
Campo, one of the smaller Philippine islands,
E. of Mindoro. Lon. 121. 33. E. Lat 13. 6. N.
Campo, i. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, forming a deep bay at its mouth. Lat. 2.
20. N.
Campo, X. Tuscany, on the south coast of the
island of Elba. Pop. 1,700.
Campo Basso, X. Naples, capital of the Molise;
10 SE. Molise. Pop. 5,935. It is situated in a
fertile plain, abounding in all the necessaries of
life. The air is wholesome, and the inhabitants
carry on a considerable trade in articles of cut
lery. Campo Bella, long, narrow island, near NE.
coast of Maine. Lat. 44. 48. N.
Campo de Criptana, X. Spain, in New Castile;
43 SE. Toledo.
Campo Dolcino, t. Italy, in the Valtefine ; 5
NW. Chiavenna.
Campo Formio, castle, Italy, in the Friuli; 3
W. Udina ; remarkable for being the place
where the terms of peace were signed between
the emperor of Germany and the French re
public, on Oct. 17, 1797.
Campo Freddo, X. Genoa ; 12 NW. Genoa.
Campo Grande, X. Italy; 16 N. Carara.
Campo de Laulrec, beautiful ridge of woody
hills, near the city of Naples.
Campo Lietlo, X. Naples, in Molise ; 14 E.
Molise. Campo Longo, or Langenau, X. Eu. Turkey,
in Walachia ; 9 S. of the pass at Terzburg, 30
NE. Ribnitz.
Campo Maggiora, X. Naples, in the Basilicata ;
14 SE. Acerenza.
Campo Maggiora, X. Italy, in the Tortonese,
belonging to Piedmont.
Campo di Mare, small island in the Mediter
ranean, near W. coast of Calabria. Lon. 16. 12,
E. Lat. 39. 16. N.
Campo Marino, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 3
SE. Termoli.
Campo Marone, X. Genoa, which owes its
name to the quantity of mulberries in the neigh
bourhood ; 8 NNW. Genoa. .
Campo Mayor, X. Portugal, in Alentejo, for
tified in the modern manner ; 10 NW. Badajoz,
in Spain, 16 SE. Arronches. Lon. 6. 45. W,
Lat. 38. 50. N. Pop. 5,300.
Campo Morto, place of Italy, in the duchy of
Piacenza, near which it is said the Romans
were defeated by Hannibal.
Campo St. Pielro, X. Aust. Italy, in Padua, be-

CAN

297

CAN

tween the Muson and the Tergola ; 12 N. Pa
dua, 16 E. Vicenza. Pop. 3,100. It was once
a strong place, but now an open town.
Campo Santo, place near the city of Modena,
remarkable for a battle fought there between
the Spaniards and the Austrians on the 8th of
February, 1743.
Compo Tosto, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 10
N. Aquila.
Campobello, t. Sicily, in the valley of Maza
ra ; 14 NE. Girgenti.
Campoehioro, X. Naples, Molise ; 11 S. Molise.
Campoli, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra. Bp.
see ; 3 N. Teramo. Lon. 13. 46. E. Lat. 42.
40. N.
Campolieto, X. Naples, in the Molise ; 13 E.
Molise. Campoloro, X. Friuli ; 11 N. Gemona.
Campoloro, t; Corsica; 30 S. Bastia. Pop.
2,100. Campoly, t. Hind. ; 35 WNW. Poonah.
Campora, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 15
NW. Policastro.
Campos, t. Majorca, a few leagues from Pal-
mas. Pop. 2,381. _Yl ¦ '->
Campredon, or Camproton, X. Spain, principal
place of a viguery, in Catalonia, at the foot of
the Pyrenees; 20 SE. Pycerda, 27 NNW. Ge-
rona. Lon. 2. 13. E. Lat. 42. 23. N. Pop. 1,500.
Camroop, formerly an independent kingdom,
Hind., NE. of Bengal, on both sides of theBur-
rampooter ; 300 miles long, and 100 broad ;
now included partly in Bengal, and partly in
Assam. The capital was Kungamutty.
Camps, t. France, in Var ; 3 SE. Brignoles.
Campsella, X. Hind. ; 25 NW. Poonah.
Campsie, v. Si parish, Scot, in Stirling, near
a mountainous tract called Camsie Falls, con
siderable for its manufactures and print-fields ;
7 NE. Dumbarton. Pop. 3,618. The Campsie
hills are 1,500 feet high, and on them are found
beautiful agates.
• Campion, p-t. Grafton co. N. H., on the Mer
rimack; 6 N. Plymouth, 76 NNW. Portsmouth,
W. 548. Pop. in 1810, 873; in 1820, 1,047.
Campugialli, X. Tuscany ; 9 WNW. Arezzo.
Camsha, X. Persia, Farsistan; 25 S. Ispahan.
Camtoos, r. Southern Africa, in E. part of
cape Colony, flowing into a bay of the same
name. Camuda, s-p. Pegu. Lon. 97. 40. E. Lat. 15. N.
Camvellaw, X. Bengal ; 33 N. Purneah.
Camul, t. Tartary, in Tangut Lon. 97. 54. E.
Lat. 37. 15. N.
Camunipaw, v. Bergen co. N. J. ; SW. of
Jersey city.
Camyn, X. Prussia ; 37 SSW. Dantzic.
Cana, one of the smaller Western islands of
Scotland, about 8 SW. Skye. Lon. 6. 29? W.
Lat 57. 9. N.
Cana) or Santa Cruz de Cana, X. Terra Fir-
ma, in Darien ; 35 SSE. St. Maria de Darien.
It was formerly a more^considerable place'than
at present.Cana, (El,) X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia ; 36
SW. Malatia.
Cana, X. Palestine ; 24 WNW. Tabaria, 60 N.
Jerusalem. It is situated on an eminence in
the midst of a valley, and has a chapel, in
which reliques are preserved. It contains, ac-
Vol. I. r 38

cording to Ali Bey,'about 500 families. It was
anciently called Cana of Galilee, to distinguish
it from Cana, or Kanah, belonging to the tribe
of Asher, 7 SE. Sidon. At Cana of Galilee out
Saviour performed the miracle of turning wa
ter into lyine. Dr. Clarke saw here large stone
water pots answering to the description given
of the ancient vessels of the country, lying
about disregarded by the inhabitants.
Canaan, p-t. Essex co. Vt. in NE. corner of
the state, on the Connecticut; 85 NE. Mont
pelier, W. 606. Pop, 277.
Canaan, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on E. side
of the Kennebeck, opposite Bloomfield; 5 E.
Norridgewock, 205 NNE. Boston, W. 646. Pop.
in 1810, 1,275; in 1820, 1,470. It is connected
with Bloomfield by Skouhcgan bridge, which
is erected over falls of that name.
Canaan, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 12 E. Dart
mouth college, 103 NW. Portsmouth, W. 513.
Pop. 1,193.
Canaan, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct; 117 NNW.
Litchfield, 41 NW. Hartford, W. 350. Pop. in
1810, 2,203 ; in 1820, 2,332. It lies on the east
side of the Housatonic, which separates it from
Salisbury. The manufactures consist chiefly of
iron ; there are 2 furnaces, and 7 anchor shops.
The ore is transported from Salisbury. Be
tween Canaan and Salisbury the Housatonic
has falls of about 60 feet, nearly perpendicular,
presenting an object of considerable curiosity.
Canaan, (South,) p-v. Ct. in S. part of Ca
naan ; W. 345.
Canaan, (New,) X. Fairfield co. Ct. ; 6 NW.
Norwalk ; 6 N. Long Island sound, 77 SW.
Hartford. Pop. 1,189. It contains a Congre
gational and an Episcopal church, and an acad
emy. Canaan, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 23 NE.
Hudson, 25 SE. Albany, W. 356. Pop. 2,079.
Canaan, X. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 526.
Canaan, X. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 158.
Canaan, X. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 345.
Canaan, (Land of) see Palestine.
Canabac, small isl. in the Atlantic, near W.
coast of Africa. Lat. 10. 38. N.
Canacadea Lake, in Honeoy, N. Y. between
Honeoy and Hemlock lakes ; 4 miles long, and
J mile broad.
Cana-canim, bay on S. coast of Arabia, at
the mouth of 'a river which passes by several
cities in the Arabian sea. Lon. 47. 5. E. Lat
13. 30. N.
CANADA, country, N. America, belonging to
Great Britain. It was first settled by the French
in 1608, but was taken from them by the Brit
ish in 1759, and was confirmed to Great Britain
by the treaty of 1763. It was divided in 1791,
into the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada.
Lower Canada is bounded N. by New Brit
ain, E. by N. Braitain and the gulf of St. Law
rence, SE. and S. by New Brunswick, and the
states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
and New York, and SW. and W. by Upper
Canada. The Outawas river forms a great part
of the boundary between Upper and Lower
Canada. Above its source the line runs due
N. to Hudson's bay, about Lon. 81. W  Lon
62. to 81. W. Lat. 45. to 52. N, Sq. m. about
230,000. ^

CAN

298

CAN

Divisions. It is divided into 4 districts, viz.
Montreal, Three Rivers, Quebec, and Gaspe,
which were subdivided in 1792, into 24 coun
ties, viz. Bedford, Buckingham, Cornwallis, De
von, Dorchester, Effingham, Gaspe, Hampshire,
Hertford, Huntingdon, Kent, Leinster, Mon
treal, St. Maurice, Northumberland, Orleans,
Quebec, Richlieu, Surry, Warwick, and York.
The minor divisions are, 1st, signiories, or the
original grants of the French government un
der the feudal system ; 2nd, townships, or grants
of land made by the English since 1796, in free
and common soccage.
Chief towns. The principal towns are Que
bec, the capital, Montreal, Three Rivers, New
Carlisle, Sorelle, St. John's, Chambly, La Chine,
and Tadousac
Population in 1763, 70,000; in 1775, 90,000;
in 1814, 335,000; 275,000 native or French
Canadians ; the remainder being a mixture of
English, Scotch, Irish, and Americans.
QMemment. The government is modelled on
the principles of the British constitution. The
executive power is vested in a governor, with
a council of 17 members, all appointed! by the
king of Great Britain. The legislature, or pro
vincial parliament, is composed of a council of
15 members appointed by the king, and a house
of assembly of 52 members, elected by the
people. Religion. About nine tenths of the inhabi
tants are Catholics ; the majority of the remain
der are Episcopalians. There are 2 bishops
residing at Quebec, one Catholic, the other of
the church of England. In 1811 there were
140 Catholic clergymen, 15 of the church of
England, and 3 Presbyterian.
Education. There are respectable seminaries
at Quebec and Montreal, but education is gen
erally much neglected. All the publications
printed in Canada, in 1810, were 4 newspapers,
an almanac, and the acts of the assembly.
Inhabitants. The descendants of the ancient
Canadian colonists retain the politeness, spright-
liness, and easy manners of the old French,
from whom they sprung. Their houses are
built of stone, and plastered, seldom, except in
the towns, of more than one story, and made
extremely warm by means of stoves. Their
furniture is generally of their Own workman
ship, and very simple. Their principal article
of food is peas soup, with a small quantity of
pork boiled in it, and a dish of thick sour milk.
The women and children seldom make use of
any other drink than milk and water, but the
men are passionately fond of rum. During the
6 months of winter a great portion of the
time is devoted to amusements, of which the
most prevalent is dancing.
Climate. The clirqate is healthy, but the ex
tremes of heat and cold are very great; the
thermometer sometimes rising in summer to
100°, and sinking in winter to 40 below 0.
Rivers. The great river of St. Lawrence forms
a striking feature of Canada. The other prin
cipal rivers are the Uttawas or Outawas, Sor
elle, St. Francis, Chaudiere, Saguenay, St.
Maurice, Black, Bustard, Betsiamites, Harrica-
naw, and Rupert.
Lakes. The principal lakes are St. John's,

St. Peter's, Abbitibbe, Mistassin, and Manicou-
agan. Face of the country and soil. Lower Canada
is intersected by ridges of. mountains, which
generally extend from the coast into the inte-i
rior, with intervening valleys of a fertile and
pleasant appearance. The valley through which
the St. Lawrence flows is enclosed on each
side by mountains. It is mostly level, of a very
rich soil, and is thickly settled. The country
lying upwards of 50 miles north of the St,
Lawrence, has been but little explored, and
is only known to be coyefed with immense
forests. Productions. Theproductionsare grass, wheat,
rye, Indian corn, barley, and culinary veget
ables. Commerce. The commerce has been pro
gressively increasing since the country came
i into the possession of Great Britain. The ex-
"ports in 1769, amounted to only £163,000; in
1808, to £1,156,000. The exports consist chiefly
of lumber, firs, grain, and pot and peatl ashes.;
the imports of wines, rum, sugar, molasses, cof
fee, tobacco, salt, coals, and British manufac
tures, amounting in 1808 to £610,000.
Upper Canada is bounded E. and SE. by
Lower Canada, S. by the United States, from
which it is separated by the St. Lawrence and
the chain of the great lakes, New Britain lies
on the north and west, but the limits are not
well defined, the regions on these borders be
ing unsettled. Lon. 74. to about 98. W. Lat. 42.
to about, 50. N.
Divisions. Itis divided into 8 districts, viz.Eas-
tern, Johnstown, Midland, Newcastle, Home,
Niagara, London, and Western. These are sub
divided into 23 counties, viz. Glengary, Stor-
mont, Dundas, Prescott, Russell, Grenville,
Leeds, Carleton, Frontenac, Lenox, Adington,
Hastings, Prince Edward, Northumberland,
York, Durham, Norfolk, Oxford, Middlesex,
Lincoln, Haldimand, Kent, and Essex. These
contain 159 townships, exclusive of Indian
lands, and certain other large portions, that are
reserved for the crown and the maintenance
of the Protestant clergy. The townships con
tain on an average about 61,600 acres each;
total 9,694,400 acres ; of these about 3,000,000
acres are granted in free and common soccage,
2,769,828 reserved for the crown and clergy,
and 3,924,572 still remain to be granted.
Face of the country and soil. The country,
which is thus laid out and surveyed, extends
about 570 miles along the north shore of the
river St. Lawrence, lakes Ontario and Erie, up
to lake St. Clair, varying from 40 to 50 miles
in breadth. The soil consists generally of a
fine dark loam, mixed with a rich vegetable
mould. The whole country presents a great
degree of sameness, an almost uniform level,
rising only a few feet above the banks of the
St. Lawrence, and finely intersected, in every
direction by numerous streams, some of which
are navigable. The ^roducfions are grass, wheat,
Indian corn, flax, hops, Sic. The climate is
healthy, and considerably milder than in Lower
Canada. Further north the country is covered
with immense forests, but is but little known,
except to the Indians.

CAN

299

CAN

Rivers. The principal rivers are the St. Law
rence, Outawas, JNiagara, Trent, Ouse, Red-
Stone, and Thames.
Lakes. One half of the lakes Ontario, Erie,
St. Clair, Huron, Superior, and Lake of the
Woods, is included in Upper Canada. There
are besides lakes Nipissing, Simcoe, St. Joseph's,
he. Chief towns. The principal towns are York,
the capital, Kingston, Newark, Queenstown,
and Chipp'eway.
Population. The population is rapidly in
creasing ; in 1783 it was estimated at only
10,000; in 1814, at 95,000. It consists chiefly
of emigrants from the United States and Great
Britain. Religion. The Methodists are the most nu
merous denomination. There are also Episco
palians, Presbyterians, Baptists, Quakers, and
Mennonists. Government. The executive power is vested
in a lieutenant governor and a council of 6
members, all appointed by the king. The legis
lative power is vested in a council of not less
than 7 members, appointed by the king, and a
house of assembly of 23 members, returned
from the counties.
Canada Creek, (East,) r. N. Y. which runs S.
into the Mohawk, W. Stone Arabia. Length 30
miles. Canada Creek, ( West,) or Upper Canada, r. N.
Y., the largest northern branch of the Mohawk,
Which after a course of about 60 miles joins the
Mohawk in Herkimer. It has a number of cat
aracts ; on the borders of Trenton it descends
in the space of a few rods about 100 feet, pre
senting a picturesque and sublime scenery.
Canada Creek, r. small N. branch of Wood
creek, N. Y.
Canadaway, v. in Pomfret, N. Y. on a small
river of the same name which runs 12 miles
NW. into lake Erie.
Canadian River, r. Arkansas, which runs NE.
into the Arkansas, Lon. 97. 5. W. Lat. 34. 40.
N. It is navigable 100 miles.
Canajoharie, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on
S. side of the Mohawk ; 49 W. Albany, W. 418,
Pop. in 1810, 4,010; in 1820, 4,677. There are
3 churches for the Dutch Reformed, and 1 for
the Baptists in this town.
Canajoharie Creek, r. N. Y. which runs NE.
into the Mohawk, in Canajoharie.
Canaga, X. on E. coast of Mindanao. Lon.
126. 12. E. Lat. 6. 54. N.
Canakampalean, X. Hind., in the Mysore ; 12
E. Sattimungulum.
CANALS, English. The first canal in England,
was made by the duke of Bridgewater in 1756.
Since that time canals have become very nu
merous, opening an internal communication
between most of the great towns for the con
veyance of their manufactures, and also for the
transport of agricultural produce to the sea
ports. They are distinguished by being of mod
erate width, generally straight, passing through
hills by tunnels, and over valleys or rivers by
aqueducts, and few if any are without locks.
Some of the principal are the Ashly de la Zouch
Canal, 50 miles long ; the Basingstoke 37 ; the
Coventry and Oxford; the Chesterfield 45,; the

Ellesmere,S1; the Grand Junction canal, branch
ing off from the Thames at Brentford, 100 ; the
Grand Trunk, opening with the Severn, 135 ;
the Hereford 35 ; the Ghennet and Avon 67 ;
the Lancaster 76 ; the Liverpool and Leeds 130 ;
the Oxford 91 ; the Leicester and Northamp
ton 43 ; the Thames and Severn 30 ; the Wilts
and Berks 52 ; the Warwick and Birmingham
25; the Worcester and Birmingham 31 J miles
long. There are also many others.
Scotland. The Caladonian canal opens a
communication between Murray frith and the
Atlantic ; distance 49 miles, of which 3 nav
igable lakes, Loch Ness, Loch Oich, and
Loch Lochy occupy 37 ; leaving 22 miles of
land. The Forth and Clyde canal, 35 miles
long, intersects the island.
Ireland. The Royal canal and the Grand ca
nal, both form a communication between Dub
lin and the Shannon ; and a branch from the
Grand canal is earned to the Barrow ; thus
connecting Dublin with Waterford.
Canal of Kiel, Holstein, connects the Baltic
with the Eyder, and thus forms a communica
tion with the German ocean ; 22J miles long.
Canal of Briare, in France, was begun by
Henry IV. to form a communication between
the Seine and the Loire, from the town of Bri
are ; at Montargis it is joined by the canal of
Orleans, and in one stream falls into the Seine
at Fontainbleau.
Canal of Languedoc, France, made during
the reign of Louis XIV., extending from Cette
on the Mediterranean to the navigable water
of the Garonne, near Toulouse, 140 miles^
There are various others in France.
In Netherlands the canals are very numer
ous ; a chain of them unites Ghent, Bruges,
Ostend, Nieuport, Furnes, Sic.
In Sweden the most important canal is that
which unites the North sea, at Gottenburg, with
the Baltic at Stockholm.
In Russia a chain of canals and rivers forms
a communication between Petersburg and As
trachan, 1,100 miles.
China is celebrated for its canals, of which
the principal one, called the Imperial canal, ex
tends from Pekin to the Kiang-Ku, about 600
miles. Canals, (United States.) Middlesex canal con
nects the Merrimack with Boston harbour ; 28
miles long. The New York Grand canal, now
making, is to connect lake Erie at Buffalo with
the Hudson at Albany, 253 miles long. The
Northern canal connects lake Champlain with
the Hudson, 23 miles long. A canal connects
Elizabeth river, Virginia, with the Pasquotank,
22 miles long. There are besides various other
canals. Canal de Principe, channel of the N. Pacific
ocean, between Banks's island and Pitt's Archi
pelago. Canal Yslas de Ulloa, inlet of the Puerto del
Baylio Bucaroli, in the Prince, of Wales' Ar
chipelago. Lon. of the entrance, 226. 58 E
Lat. 55. 14. N.
Candle de Roneina, X. Italy, in the county of
Gdritz, on the Lisonzo ; 8 N. Goritz.
Cananca, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Brazil ; 40 miles long, and 5 broad. Lat
24, 55. S.

CAN

300

CAN

Canumoa, X. New Mexico, in the province of
Mayo ; 60 ENE. Santa Cruz.
Canandaigua, or Canandarqua, p-t. and cap.
Ontario co. N. Y., N. of Canandaigua lake ; 88
E. Buffalo, 110 W. Utica, 203 W. Albany, W.
365. Lon. 77. 20. W. Lat. 42. 49. N. Pop. of
the township in 1-810,2,392; in 1820, 4,680;
of the village, about 2,000. The village is situ
ated at the outlet of Canandaigua lake, and
contains a court house, a. jail, 2 banks, one of
which is a branch of the Utica bank, a state
arsenal, a respectable academy, 3 printing offi
ces, from each of which a weekly newspaper
is issued ; and 3 handsome houses of public
worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopa
lians, and 1 for Methodists. It is a pleasant,
well built, and flourishing town, and has an ex
tensive and increasing trade. The surrounding
country is fertile. Canandaigua is said to mean
in the Indian language Chosen Town.
Canandaigua, lake, in Ontario co. N. Y. It
is a very beautiful collection of water, 20 miles
long from N. to S., and from 2 to 3 miles in
breadth. Canandaigua, r. N. Y., which runs from Ca
nandaigua lake, NE. into the river Seneca, in
Junius. Length 45 miles.
Cananea, isl. on the coast of Brazil. Lat.
25. 10. S.
Cana.no, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 2 SSE.
Reggio. Cananore, s-p. Hind., on the coast of Mala
bar, situated at the bottom of a small harbour,
in which is a depth of 14 feet under the guns
of the fort; 15 NE. Tellicheri, 100 WSW. Se-
"ringapatam. Lon. 75. 24. E. Lat 11. 51. N.
The countiy furnishes a large quantity of pep
per, cardamoms, ginger, myrobolans, and tam
arinds. Canopies, X. France, Somme ; 10 N. Amiens.
Canappeville, t France, in Eure ; 9 N. Ev-
reux. Conor, X. S. A. in Quito ; 20 N. Riobamba.
Canara, country, Hindoostan, belonging to
the kingdom of Mysore ; the length is near
180 miles along the coast of the Indian sea, its
breadth from 30 to 90 miles. The air of Ca
nara is very pure, and extremely pleasant ; the
country also is so fertile that it supplies Europe
and several parts of the Indies with rice. The
principal places are Mangalore, Barcelore,
Onore, and Carwar. Pop. 396,672. It is di
vided into North and South Canara.
Canara, r. Canada, which runs into the De
troit, Lon. S2. 42. W.. Lat 42. 32. N.
Can/ari, X. Corsica: 12 NW. Bastia.
Canaribamba, t Quito ; 30 SW. Cuenca.
Canaries, cluster of islands in the Atlantic,
generally considered as belonging to Africa,
the most easterly being about 150 miles from
cape Non. They are 13 in number, 7 of which
are considerable, viz. Palma, Ferro, Gomera,
Teneriffe, Grand Canary, Fuerteventura, and
Lancerota ; the other 6 are very small, Gracio-
sa, Roca or Rocca, Allegranza, Sta. Clara, In
ferno, and Lobos. They are supposed to have
been known to the ancients under the title of
the Fortunate Islands. — The extent and popula
tion of the seven largest, according to Ledru,
are giyen in the following table.

Sq. leagues. Pop: Pop. to sq. I,
Teneriffe  73  70,000  ..958
Fuerteventura  63  9,000  .....142
Grand Canary  60  50,000  833
Palma  27  22,600  837
Lancerota  26  10,000  384
Gomera  14  7,400  528
Ferro  7  5,000  714

270 174,000 644
Hassel states the population of the whole at
181,000, and the square miles at 3,213.
The soil of these islands is very fertile, and
produces all kinds of grain, fruits, and pulse in
great abundance ; but the method of cultiva
tion practised by the natives tends very little to
its improvement AU the islands furnish excel
lent wine, but the preference is given to the
wines of Palma and Teneriffe. The situation
of the Canaries, the salubrity of their climate,
the fertility of the soil, and the quality of their
productions, all conspire to render them the
most valuable of the Spanish colonies.
The present inhabitants of these islands are
descended from a mixture of the Spanish con
querors and the aborigines, on whom the gov
ernment of that period conferred equal privi
leges'. They are strong and well made, but
more swarthy than the natives of Spain.—
The gentry, though few of them are rich, are
rather proud, but polite and hospitable ; some
of them are tolerably well educated and in
formed. The Caharians are blind to the impo
sitions of their priests and lawyers. They are
rigid Catholics ; and it is impossible for a per
son of any other persuasion to live among
them. The bishop resides in Grand Canary,
and has an annual income of about £6,000
sterling. In each island is an office of the in
quisition. Lon. 13. 20. to 18. 10. W. Lat. 27.
30. to 29. 30. N.
Canarin, small island in the sea of Mindoro.
Lon. 120. .16. E. Lat. 10. 33. N.
Canary, X. Pol., Sandomirz ; 16 W. Sandomirz.
Canary, ( Grand,) the most fertile and impor
tant of the Canaries, which gives name to the
whole, about 30 miles long, and 18 broad. The
middle part of the island is very mountainous,
so that on one side it may blow a storm, while
on the other it is quite calm. The air is tem
perate ; the inhabitants have 2 harvests in a
year. The principal town is Palmas, or Cana
ry; other towns are Galder, Tiracnana, and
Luz. The heavens here are seldom overcast,
the sky being almost continually, serene, and
free from storms and thunder. The air is ex
ceedingly wholesome, and the natives enjoy
health and longevity, almost beyond any peo- "
pie in the world. This island is well watered,
and abounds with wood of various kinds; almost
every thing that is planted here will thrive.
Lon. 15. 30. W. Lat. 28. N.
Canary, or Palma, capital of the island of
Grand Canary. Lon. 15. 10. W. Lat. 28. 4.N.
Pop. 9,437. Bp. see. The town is 3 miles in
circuit, and the inhabitants are generally rich.
The harbour is good, and is defended by a for
tress. It is the residence of the governor and
sovereign council of the Canaries, and a tribu
nal of the inquisition.

CAN

301

CAN

Canas, r. Mexico, which runs in the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 10. 28. N.
Canas y Conches, or Tinta, district or juris
diction, Peru, which takes its name from Can-
ches, part of the Cordillera mountains so call
ed ; it is called Tinta, from the name of the
principal town ; it lies 70 S. Cusco.
Canaseraga, p-v. Madison co. N. Y. ; 10 N. by
E. Cazenovi'a, W. 425.
Canaseraga Creek, r.N. Y., which unites with
the Chitteningo, 4 miles from Oneida lake. —
Canaseraga is said to signify in the Indian lan
guage Confines of the plain.
Canastel, X. Algiers ; 15 N. Oran.
Canavezes, X. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-
Minho ; 5 SSE. Amarante, 27 E. Oporto.
Canavo, X. Naples, in Calabria' Ultra ; 4 SE.
Reggio. Canaygong, X. Hind., in the Mahratta coun
try ; 25 NE. Poonah.
Canca, now Cuenca.
Cancale, s-p. France, Ille-and-Vilaine, district
of St. Malo, celebrated for oysters ; 9 E. St. Ma-
lo. Lon. 1. 46. W. Lat. 48. 40. N. Pop. 3,003.
Cancar, Concao, Bonthiames, or Podtameas,
s-p. Cambodia, on a river which runs into the
gulf of Siam, 4 miles below the town. Lon.
104. 6/E. Lat. 10. 24. N. Many Chinese re
side here, who export betel nut, valuable kinds
of wood, tin, cotton, Sic The town had once
more trade than at present.
Canche, r. France, which runs into the sea,
near Etaples, in Straits-of-Calais.
Conches, mt. Peru, which gives name to a
jurisdiction. It is a part of the Andes. Lat.
'14. 10. S.
Conchy, X. France, Somme ; 6 N. Abbeville.
Conchy, X. France, Calvados; i0 W. Beyeux.
Canclion, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 6
W. Monflanquin. Pop. 2,212.
Canczuca, X. Galicia ; 36 W. Lemberg.
Cauda, X. Italy, in Rovigo, on the Tartaro ;
4 WSW. Rovigo.
Candd, r. Eng., which runs into the Eden, at
Carlisle. Candahar, or Kandahar, pr. Cabulistan, be
tween Lon. 64. and 68. E. Lat. 31. and 34. N.
It is an elevated, though level countiy, watered
by th» Heermund and Argandab; very desti
tute of wood and all kinds of fuel ; but in
many parts very fertile, producing all kinds of
grain, fine melons, grapes, Sic, and feeds nu
merous flocks of sheep, and herds of cattle,
camels, Sic It has but few towns, the inhabi
tants consist mostly of migratory tribes, and
pay little attention to agriculture. It has been
alternately subject to Persia and Hindoostan.
Candahar, (an. Alexandria,) city, Asia, capi
tal of the province of the same name. Lon.
65. 30. E. Lat. 33. N. ; 176 WSW. Cabul.
Population estimated at upwards of 100,000.
It is situated on the Heermund, about 3 miles
in circumference, of a square form, and is pop
ulous and flourishing, and has long been a dis
tinguished mart for trade. It is surrounded
with walls and ditches, once the frontier town
of Hindoostan towards Persia. It is situated
in the road from Ispahan to Delhi, and conse
quently is a place of considerable trade and im
portance. The environs are said to be well

cultivated, having fine gardens and orchards,
abounding in delicious melons and grapes.
Candake, X. Candia, orrthe site of the ancient
Gnossus ; 4 ESE. Candia.
Candail, X. Persia, in Mecran ; 148 E. Kidge.
Candaloro, small isl. in the gulf of Satalia, on
the coast of Natolia. Lon. 31. E. Lat. 37. N.
Candanada,X. Cochin; 18 ESE. Cochin.
Candanore, X. Hind., in Golconda; 50 SW.
Hydrabad. Candapuita, t. Hind., in Cuddapa; 40 NNW.
Gandicotta. Candau, X. Courland ; 24 E. Goldingen.
Candavii, now Crasta.
Candaya, X. on W. coast of the island of Si-
bu. Lon. 123. 27. E. Lat. 11. 22. N.
Cande, Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 5 S. by.E.
Landau, 38 NE. Strasburg. Pop. 2,370.
Cande, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire; 10
SW. Segr6, 20 WNW. Angers. Fop. 948.
Candecoste, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
7 SE. Agen.
Candeish, countiy, Asia, in S. part of Hind.,
situated S. of Malwa, 200 miles long, and
about 100 broad ; watered by the Taptee. It
was added to the Mogul empire by Acoar. The
soil is fertile, though mountainous, and produ
ces more cotton than any other province of
Hindoostan. The principal towns are Bur
hampour and Champour.
Candela, X. Naples, Capitanata ; 2 SW. Ascoi.
Candelara Bay, harbour in the gulf of Da
rien, at the mouth of the Atrato. Lon. 77. 6. W.
Lat. 8. N.
Candelaro, r. Naples, which runs into the
sea 3 S. Manfredona.
Candella, isl. in the Mediterranean, separat
ed from the coast of Livadia by a narrow chan
nel, about 5 miles long and 2 wide. Lon. 21.
E. Lat 38. 59. N.
Candely, X. Mysore ; 8 W. Tripatore.
Candemundago, X. Hind., in Golconda; 22
S. Canoul.
Candern, X. Baden, in the Brisgau; 11 NE.
Bale, 52 S. Strasburg. Pop. 1,327. In Oct.
1796, the French were defeated near this place
by the. Austrians.
Candes, X. France, in Indre-and-Loire, at the
conflux of the Vienne and Loire ; 6 NW. Chi-
non, 7 SE. Saumur. Pop. 532.
Candetta, small isl. in the Adriatic, near the
coast of Greece. Lon. 21. E. Lat. 39. N.
Candgi, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 30 SE.
Nisibin. Condi, or Candy, (an. Maagrammum,) city,
Ceylon, and capital of a country, to which it
gives name ; 80 miles from Columbo. Lon. 80.
44. E. Lat. 7. 36. N. The town is a poor,
miserable place, surrounded by a mud wall. It
is about 1 mile long, consisting of one principal
street and many smaller ones. It is situated in
the midst of lofty and steep hills, covered with
thick jungle. The palace is built of a sort of
chunam or cement, perfectly white, with stone
gateways. The air is reckoned wholesome, and
the climate good. The kingdom is divided
into several provinces, some of which are pop
ulous and fertile, intersected with rivers,- and
well furnished with woods. — This kingdom was
annexed to the British dominions in 1816,

CAN

302

CAN

Candia, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 19 SE.
Concord, 36 W. Portsmouth, W. 513. Pop.
3,273. F
Candia, t. Piedmont ; 12 W. Vercelli.
Candia, or Candy, or Kirid, or Kriti, large
island in the Mediterranean, about 170 miles in
length, and from 15 to 30 broad, belonging to
the Turks. Lon. 25. E. Lat. 35. 18. N. Pop.
estimated at 280,000. Turks 150,000 ; Greeks
130,000 ; Jews 200. According to Olivier
only 240,000. Sq. m. 4,176. It was well known
to the ancients under the name of Crete, a rich
and powerful kingdom, with 100 cities ; from
thence called Heeatompolis. St. Paul planted
Christianity in this island, and Titus was the
first bishop. It is traversed by rocky mountains,
the most remarkable of which is the lofty Psi-
lorite, the Ida of the ancients. It enjoys a most
delightful climate, has a very fertile soil, and
with proper cultivation, would produce, in
profusion, the necessaries and luxuries of life.
The country abounds in oil, corn, and fruit-
trees ; on the hills grow vines, which yield
excellent wine. Other articles of commerce
produced in the island are wool, silk, honey,
wax, raisins, saffron, and carob bread. The
principal manufacture is soap. It is divided
into 3 pachalics ; the chief towns of Which are
Candia, the capital of the whole island, Canea,
and Retimo.
Candia, city and s-p. on N. coast of the isl
and of Candia, of which it is the capital. Lon.
25. 18. E. Lat. 35. 19. N. Pop. 12, or 15,000.
Abp. see. It is supposed by some to be on the
site of ancient Heraclea, and by others on that
of Panormus. It is situated in a plain countiy,
on E. side of a large bay, and is of a semi-cir
cular figure, very strongly fortified, and is about
4 miles in circumference. It has about 14
mosques, 6 or 7 of which were churches, 2
Greek churches, 1 Armenian, and 1 synagogue.
The town is ill built, and the harbour is so filled
up with sand that it cannot admit more than
10 merchant vessels. Here are the largest soap
works in the island. — The town is noted for its
24 years' siege by the Turks, from 1645 to 1669.
Candilagor, t. Bengal ; 37 S. Calcutta.
Candlah, t. Hind., in Sehaurunpour ; 31 W.
Merat. Candlemas Isles, two islands in the S Atlan
tic ocean. Lon. 27. 10. W. Lat. 57. 10. S.
Candlemas Shoals, (Baxos de la Candelaria,)
reef of rocks, with many small islands, in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 160. 5. E. Lat. 6. 45. S.
Candor, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. ; 10 E. Spencer,
W. 328. Pop. 1,655.
Candu, two small islands in the Indian sea.
L6n. 73. 35. E. Lat. 5. 30. S.
Candy, see Candi, and Candia.
Candy, t. Bengal ; 8 S. Nuldingah.
Cane, r. Hind., which runs into the Jumnah,
20 SE. Corah, in the subah of Oude.
Canea, s-p. Candia, and capital of the west
ern pachalic ; 60 W. Candia. Lon. 24. 12. E.
Lat. 35. 29. N. Pop. 7,150. It is situated on
N. coast, in a bay about 15 miles wide, between
Cape Maleca and Cape Spada. It has been
generally thought to be built on the spot of the
ancient Cydonia. The city is of an oblong
figure, about two miles in compass, fortified

towards the land after the modern way by the
Venetians, with 4 bastions and a ravelin at me
NE. corner. On N. side of the town is the
port, well defended by a wall ; there is a light
house at the end of it, and a castle in the mid
dle, which serves as a cistern. It is a neat
town, the buildings being almost all Venetian.
Most of the mosques are old churches ; of
which, together with the chapels, there were 25.
Caneadea, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. ; 10 SW,
Angelica, 285 W. Albany. Pop. 696.
Caneda, X. New Mexico ; 120 S. Santa Fe.
Canees, Indians, in E. part of Mexico, between
St. Bernard's bay and Vera Cruz. No. 7,500.
Canella, pr. Ceylon. It contains mines of
precious stones, but the principal riches arise
from the quantity of cinnamou with which it
abounds. Canelli, t. Piedmont, in Asfj; 12 SSE. Asti.
Pop. 3,141.— Native, Aliberti.
Canelos, X. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montes ; 5
NNE. Lamego..
Canelos, t. Quito ; 50 SSW. Archidona.
Canem, or Kanem, country, Negroland, W.
of Nubia, about Lon. 22. E. Lat 17. N.
Canercotta, X. Thibet ; 35 NW. Sirinagur.
Canesus Lake, in Livingston co. N. Y. ;
8 miles long, and 2 broad. It lies chiefly
between Genesee and Livonia, and discbarges
its waters into the river Genesee. — Canesus is
said to signify in the Indian language Long
Ridge. Canes-y-Canches, see Canas-y-Canches.
Canet, t France, in Eastern-Pyrenees ; 5 E.
Perpignan. Canet, X. France, in Herault ; 10 S. Lodeve.
Canet, X. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast ;
27 NE. Barcelona. Lon. 2. 30. E. Lat 41.39.
N. Pop. 2,800.
Canele, see Cagnete.
Caneto, (an. Bedriacum,) X. Aust. Italy, in
Mantua, on the Oglio ; 20 W. Mantua. Pop.
3,151. Caneva, X. Italy, Treviso ; 6 NE. Ceneda.
Canevo, r. Spain, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 6. 31. W. Lat. 43. 35. N.
Canfield, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 10 W. Po
land, 14 S. by E. Warren, 50 N. Stcubenville,
W. 291. Pop. 787.
Canfrane, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 8 N. Jaca.
Canga, X. Africa, and capital of a marquisate,
in Congo, on the right bank of the river Zaire.
Lat. 3. 25. S.
Cangar, t. Hind., Guntoor; 20 SE. Gunloor.
Cangara, X. on N. coast of Leyta. Lon. 124.
48. E. Lat. 11. 15. N.
Cangas de Onis, X. Spain, in Asturia; 32 E,
Oviedo. Cangiano, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; bp.
see ; 27 N. Policastro. Lon. 15. 21. E Lat
40. 35. N.
Cangon,_ X. Africa, in Batta.
Cangoxima, X. Japan, in Ximo, situated on S.
verge of the isle. Lon. 132. 15. E. Lat. 32.
10. N. This is the first seaport the Portuguese
landed at, and they afterwards chose to make
it the centre of their commerce, on account of
its advantageous situation, , and commodious
harbour. On S. side of the river is a stately
building, or custom house, where passengers

CAN

303

CAN

pay a second duty, besides that which is paid
at the first castle. Here are other large and
sumptuous magazines, belonging to the empe
ror, some of which are proof against fire.
Cangpetta, X. Hind., in Baramaul ; 25 SE.
Darempoury. Cangunzo, X. Benguela ; 135 ENE. Benguela.
Canhan, r. Hind., which runs into the Saone,
5 SW. Bidzigur.
Cani, (ap. Dracontia,) two small islands in
the Mediterranean, near the coast of Tunis.
Lon. 15. 30. E. Lat. 37. 45. Nv,
Cam, r. Sicily, which runs into the sea, on
9. coast, Lon. 13. 30. E. Lat. 37. 2. N.
Caniambaddy, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 7 W. Se
ringapatam. Canidole, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 14.
34. E. Lat. 44. 47. N.
Canje, r. Guiana, S. America, which flows
into the Berbice, near its mouth, Lon. 57. 50.
W. Lat. 5. 15. N. It is a fine river, navigable
for schooners 30 miles from its mouth.
Canina, X. Albania ; 8 N. Valona.
Canina, X. Albania ; 4 SE. Valona.
Caninana, X. Tuscany ; 8 NNW. Pistoia.
Canine, X. Africa, in Angola, on the Coanza.
Lon. 17. 28. E. Lat. 8. 50. S.
Canisbay, small fishing town, Scotland, in
Caithness ; 11 N. Wick.
Canischa, X. Hungary, in Szalad ; 96 S.Vienna,
124 NW. Peterwaradin. Lon. 16. 49. E. Lat.
46. 30. N. Pop. 4,000.
Canischitza, r. Hungary, which runs into the
Muhrau, 5 S. Canischa.
Canisala, t. Cherso, in the Adriatic ; 22 N.
Cherso. Canisteo, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y., watered by
the Canisteo ; 20 W. Bath, 265 WSW. Albany,
W. 318. Pop. 891.
Canisteo, r. Steuben co. N. Y., which runs
into the Tioga, near the village of Painted Post.
It is navigable for boats to the village of Ark-
port, in the northern part of the township of
Canisteo, 40 miles. The flats on this river, about
a mile wide, are excellent bottom land. — Ca
nisteo is said to mean in the Indian language,
board in the water.
Canister, (Great,) small island, in the bay of
Bengal, near the coast of Siam. Lon. 97. 40. E.
Lat. 12. 58. N.
Canister, (Little,) small island in the bay of
Bengal, near the coast of Siam ; 6 S. Great
Canister. Canister, (West,) small island in the bay of
-Bengal, near the coast of Siam. Lon. 97. 16. E.
Lat. 12. 37. N.
Canisy, X. France, in Channel ; 4 SW. St. Lo.
Pap. 900.
Caniszat, X. Hungary, on the Theysse ; 10 S.
Segedin. Cankinelly, X. Hind., in Mysore; 45 ENE.
Seringapatam. Canna, or Cannay, one of the Hebrides,
Scot, 3 miles long, and 1 broad ; 3 NW. Rum
island. Fop. 250.
Canna, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 10 N.
Trebisaccia. Canna, or Canne, X. Naples, in Bari ; 5 NE.
Canosa. It is near the site of the ancient Can
na:, where, Hannibal obtained his fourth and

greatest victory over the Romans, 216 B. C. Tte
number slain in the battle has been stated
at 40,000. The traces of the town of Canna) are.
very faint, consisting of fragments of altars,
cornices, gates, walls, vaults, and under-ground
granaries. The field of battle is marked out to
; posterity, by the name of Pezzio di Sangue,Fie&f
of Blood. The peasants show spurs, and heads
of lances, turned up by the plough. It was once
a bishopric, but is now only a titular see.
Cannada de la Cruz, X. S. America, in Buenos
Ayres ; 60 NW. Buenos Ayres.
Cannada de Escobar, X, S. America, in Buenos
Ayres ; 36 NW. Buenos Ayres.
Cannaddr de Moron, X. S. America, in Buenos
Ayres ; 15 NW. Buenos Ayres.
Cannapour, X. Hind., Oude ; 16 N. Lucknow.
Cannaughquenesing, see Conequenessing.
Cannes, s-p. France, in Var ; 5 SW. Antibes.
Pop. 2,616. — Bonaparte landed here on 1st
March 1815, on bis return from Elba.
Cannele, X. Spain, Cordova ; 18 E. Cordova.
Cannete, X. Spain, in Seville ; 15 S. Ossuna.
Gunnobine, or Canobine, v. Si convent, Syria,
by the side of Mount Lebanon, the usual resi
dence of the Maronite patriarch. The descent
to it is very steep, by. a narrow, winding road.
The convent consists of several grottos, cut
into a rock. This situation is the most extra
ordinary and retired that can be imagined,
there being only one way to it, which makes a
secure retreat.
.Cannock, X. Eng., in Staffordshire ; 6 NW.
Litchfield. Pop. 1,143.
Cannonball, r. N. America, which flows into
the Missouri, 1,500 miles from the Mississippi.
Cannonby, X. Eng., in Cumberland, near the
sea coast ; 7 N. Workington. Pop. 2,932.
Cano, small isl. Pacific ocean, near the coast
of Costa Rica. Lon. 84.42. W. Lat. 8. 35. N.
Cano, see G ana-
Canon, (La,) X. S. America, in Quito, on the-
coast ; 140 W. Quito.
Canoah, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 160 WSW.
Meaco. Canobio, X. Sardinian Milanese, in Novara,
on W. coast of lake Maggiora ; 17 E. Domr*
d'Osella, 37 N. Novara. Lon. 8. 41. E. Lat.
46. 3. N. Pop. 1,300.
Canoe, r. Mass., which unites with the river
Taunton, at Taunton.
Canoe Camp, p-v. Tioga co. Pa. ; W. 240.
Canoe River, r. N. America, which runs into-
the Mississippi, Lon. 92. 3. W. Lat. 42. 55. N.
Canoffee, X. Western Africa. The Church
Missionary Society have here 4 missionaries.
Canoga Creek, r. N. Y. which joins the Sen
eca, in Fayette.
Canoge, or Ganouge, circar, in Oude, bounded
N. by the circar of Pattan, E. by the Ganges,
S. by the circar of Etayah, and W. by the
Dooab, about 30 miles long, and 25 broad.
Canoge is the capital.
Canoge, or Canouge, X. Hind., and capital of
a province in Oude, on the Collynuddy, near its
union with the Ganges ; 100 E. Agra, 120 W
Fyzabad. Lon. 89. 14. E. Lat. 27. 4. N. This
place is of great antiquity, and reputed to have
been the capital of India, under the father of
Porus. In the 6th century it is said to have

CAN

304

CAN

had 30,000 shops for the sale of betel, and 6,000
bands of musicians and singers, who were
taxed to government. It is now reduced to a
village. Canol, X. Hind., Visiapour; 20 N. Sollaponr.
Canoloor, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
132. 12. E. Lat. 5. 12. S.
Canonnicut, see Conannicut.
Canonsburgh, p-t. Si bor. Washington co.,
Pa., on a branch of Chartiers river; 7 ENE.
Washington, 18 SW. Pittsburg, W. 244. Lon.
80. 38. W. Lat. 40. 25. N. Pop. 440. It has an
elevated and pleasant situation. — Jefferson
college was founded here in 1802. The col
lege edifice is a spacious building of 3 stories.
The college has funds of only about #8,000, a
library of about 1,000 volumes, and a small
philosophical apparatus. The course of educa
tion is completed in 3 years. — The board of
trustees consists of 21 members, of whom 8 may
be clergymen. The executive government is
entrusted to a president, a vice-president, and
2 professors, one of the languages, and one of
the natural sciences. The number of students,
in 1818, was between 80 and 90.
The commencement is held on the fourth
Wednesday in September. There is a divinity
school connected with the college, under the
direction of the vice-president.
Canooly, X. Hind., Berar; 66 NNE. Mahur.
Canopolis, now Kene.
Canopus, now Aubukir.
Canorasay, small isl. Scot, near E. coast Coll.
Canos de Froeadero, branch of the Puerto
del Baylio Bucaroli, on the coast of the Prince
of Wales' Archipelago, extending about 12 m. E.
Lon. of the entrance 133. W. Lat. 55. 50. N.
Canosa, (an, Canusium,) X. Naples, in Bari ;
31 W. Bari, 72 E. Benevento. Lon. 16. 2. E.
Lat. 41.14. N. Pop. 4,046. Many ruins are
still to be seen which display the grandeur of
ancient Canusium.
Canosa, X. Modena, Reggio ; 8 SSW. Reggio.
Canosio, X. Piedmont; 15 SW. Saluzzo.
Canovia, X. Albania ; 22 S. Durazzo.
Canoul, X. Hind., and capital of a circar, in
Hydrabad ; 95 SSW. Hydrabad, 124 E. Bisna-
gur. Lon. 78. 7. E. Lat. 15. 50. N.
Canowly, X. Hind., Berar ; 20 SSW. Nagpour.
Canourgue, (La,) X. France, in Lozere ; 9
SSW. Maurejols, 13 WSW. Mende. Pop. 2,419.
The inhabitants of which carry on considerable
trade in cattle and woollen stuffs.
Canpour, X. Bengal ; 20 NNE. Kishenagur.
Canquenes, X. Chili, in Maule, between the
small rivers Tutuben Si Canquenes. Lat. 35.40. S.
Canroody, t. Hind., Sohagepour; 16 N. So
hagepour. Cansado, harbour, or port, on W. coast of
Africa ; 45 S. Cape Non.
Causadogha, X. Canada, at the union of the
Utaw'as with the St. Lawrence ; 51 W. Mont
real. Canschan, X. Russia, in Bessarabia, near Ben
der, where the Turks were defeated by the
Russians in 1789.
Cansennat, now Ancaslar.
Cansinalpour, X. Bengal ; 12 SSE. Calcutta.
Canso, (Gut of) narrow strait between the
island of Cape Breton and Nova Scotia.

Canso, isl. with a seaport of the same namej
near NE. coast of Nova Scotia; 40 leagues E.
by N. Halifax. Lon. 60. 45. W. Lat. 45. 32. N,
Constadt, or Kannsladt, X. Wurt, district of
Rothenburg, on E. bank of the Neckar ; 3 NE.
Stuttgart. Lon. 9.20. E. Lat. 48. 50. N. Pop.
2,867. Near it are some medicinal springs ;
and in the town is a manufacture of printed
linens. Canstigal, X. Prussia; 2 SE. Pillau.
Canswa, r. Hind., which runs into the sea,
40 SSW. Junagur, in Guzerat.
Canta, district Si jurisdiction, Peru, bounded
NE. and E. by Tarma, S. by Huarochiri, and-
W. by Chancay ; 24 leagues from N. to S., and
35 from E. to W. ; mountainous. Canta, the
capital, is 70 NE. Lima. Lat. 11. 10. S.
Canta Gallo, t. h district, Brasil ; 120 NE.
Rio Janeiro.
Canta Viega, (an. Carthago vetus,) X. Spain,
in Aragon.Cantagna, X. Naples, in Principato Citra; 8
E. Salerno.
Canial, large and lofty mt, France, 5,918
feet above the level of the sea ; it is always
covered with snow ; 14 WNW. St. Flour, 16
NE. Aurillac Lon. 5. 50. E. Lat. 45. 4. N.
It is situated in the centre of a department to
which it gives name, and which was, before
the revolution, a part of Auvergne.
Cantal, dep. France, bounded N. by Puy de
Dome, E. by Upper Loire and Lozere, S. by
Aveiron, and W. by Lot and Coreze. Pop.
251,436. Sq. m. 2,258. Chief town, Aurillac.
It comprises the greater part of Upper or South
Auvergne. Cantalbary, X. Bootan ; 28 NW. Beyhar.
Cantalupa, t. Piedmont ; 5 S. Alexandria.
Cantana, X. Peru, in Arequipa, near the
coast; 75 W. Arequipa. Lon. 16. 25. S.
Cantap, X. Hind., in Sirowy; 18 N. Jalour.
Cantor, (El,) X. on the coast of Tripoli ; 60
ESE. Cabes. Lon. 11. 20. E. Lat. 33. 50. N.
Canlara, r. Sicily, which runs into the sea,
5 S. Agosta.
Canlarilla, or Alcantarilla, X. Spain, in Mur
cia ; 9 S. Murcia.
Cantaro, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; S
NNE. Policastro.
Cantaya, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, situ
ated in a gulf formed by W. point of Java.
Cantazaro, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 21
SW. Severina ; 9 NE. Squillace.
Caniecroix, X. Brabant ; 5 SE. Antwerp.
Cantee, X. Hind., in Berar; 15 N. Mahur.
Canleleu, t. France, in Lower-Siene; 3 W.
Rouen. Pop. 2,842.
Canterbury, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H., on
E. side of the Merrimack, opposite to Bos-
cawen ; 9 N. Concord, W. 513. Pop. in 1810,
1,426; in 1820, 1,696. Here is a village of
Shakers, containing 2, or 300 souls.
Canterbury, p-t. Windham co., Ct, on W.
side of the Quinibaug, opposite to Plainfield ;
10 E. Windham, 14 N. Norwich, 40E. Hartford,
W.371. Pop. in 1810, 1,812; in 1820, 1,984.
It is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town,
contains 1 woollen and 2 cotton manufac
tories, and comprises 2 parishes, in each
of which is a pleasant village.

CAN

305

CAN

Canterbury, p-t. Kent co., Del. ; W. 126.
Canterbury, (an. Darvenum, Durovernum,
Dorobernia, and Cantwara-byrg,) city, Eng.,
capital of Kent ; 56 E. London. Lon. 0. 55.
E. Lat. 51. 17. N. Pop. 10,498. H. 2,093. It
is the see of an archbishop, primate of all Eng
land, situated in a' valley, between gently ris
ing hills, on the river Stour ; founded before
the Christian a?ra. It is a county of itself,
and the magistrates have authority to deter
mine all law-suits between the citizens, and
to try for capital crimes committed within the
city. Therp are two markets weekly, on Wed
nesday and Saturday. It contains a cathe
dral and 12 parish chh., within the walls, and 3
in the suburbs. The cathedral is spacious and
magnificient, built in the form of a double
cross ; 514 feet long, the height of the great
tower 235 feet. The Jews have a synagogue ;
Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Quak
ers, have each a place of public worship. It
sends 2 members to parliament. The princi
pal manufactures are cotton and silk. It is fa
mous for its brawn. The countiy round about
produces a great quantity of hops.
Canth, or Kanr, t. Silesia, in Breslau, on the
Wistritz; 12 SW. Breslau, 18 NE. Schweid-
nitz. Lon. 16. 47. E. Lat. 50.58. N. Pop. 1,045.
Canti, X. S. A. in Darien ; 12 ENE. St. Ma
ria de Darien.
Cantiano, X. Popedom, in Urbino ; 20 S. Ur
bino, 24 NNE. Perugia. Lon. 12. 39. E. Lat.
43. 25. N.
' Canlick Head, cape on SE. coast of Hoy,
one of the Orkneys. Lon. 2. 69. W. Lat. 58.
40. N.
Cantillina, X. Spain, in Seville, on the Gua
dalquivir; 11 NW.Carmona, 32 NNE. Seville.
Cantoria, X. Piedmont ; 22 NNW. Turin.
Contain, X. France, in Aveiron ; 7 E. Mur de
Barres. Canton, p-t. Norfolk co., Mass.; 14 SW.
Boston, W. 448. Pop. 954.
Canton, p-t. Hartford co , Ct; 13 WNW.
Hartford, W. 351. Pop. 1,322.
Canton, p-t. St. Lawrence co., N. Y.; 15 E.
Ogdensburg, 200 NW. Albany, W. 570. Pop.
in 1810, 699 ; in 1820, 1,337.
Canton, X. Washington co., Pa. Pop. 1,276.
Canton, p-t. Si cap. Stark co., Ohio, situated
in the forks of the Nimishillen Creek ; 45 NW.
Steubenville, 95 WNW. Pittsburg, 130 NE.
Columbus, W. 472. Pop. 1,398. It was com
menced in 1806, and is a flourishing town, and
contains a bank, a printing office, 2 houses of
public worship, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for
Presbyterians. Canton, v. Belmont co., Ohio, on the Ohio,
opposite Wheeling, Va.
Canton, (New,) p-t. Hawkins co., Ten. ; W.
749. Canton, (New,) p-t. Buckingham co., Va.,
on S. side of James river, about 60 W. Rich
mond, W. 166.
Canton, p-t. Si cap. Wilcox co., Alabama, on
the Alabama ; 22 miles below Cahawba. Lat.
32. 10. N. It is a new town with few inhabi
tants, situated on a beautiful eminence, in a
very fertile country.
Canton, or Quang-tclieou, city h s-p. China,
Vol. I. 39

capital of Quang-tong, on the river Pe-kiang or
Canton ; 1020 S. Pekin. Lon. 13. 3. E. Lat.
23. 19. N. Pop. uncertain and very differently
estimated. Some estimate it at from 1,500,000
to 2,000,000; Lecomte at 1,500,000; Duhalde
at 1,000,000; Hassel reduces it to 300,000;
Malte-Brunn and Cannabich to 250,000. It
is one of the richest cities of the empire.
The immense quantity of money which foreign
vessels bring daily to this city, draws hither a
continual crowd of merchants from all the prov
inces ; so that one is sure of finding in its ware
houses the rarest productions of the soil, and
the most valuable of the Chinese manufactures.
The city is situated on a beautiful river, which
is navigable 300 m. further into the interior, and
it has a communication by canals with all the
neighbouring provinces ; the entrance of it is
called Hou-man ; its 'banks, the plains which it
waters, and even the hills which hang over it,
are cultivated, and afford the most enchanting
prospect. The city is composed, as it were, of three
different cities, separated by lofty walls, but so
conjoined, that the same gate serves to go out
from the one and enter the other. These three
cities united, almost form a regular square ; the
streets are long and straight, paved chiefly with
cut stone, and ornamented from space to space
with triumphal arches, and are kept exceeding
ly clean ; some of them are covered ; these
contain the richest shops. The houses present
nothing remarkable but great neatness ; .they
are built of brick and Gonsist only of one story,
and have no windows to the street. People pf
condition are carried here in chairs. The
streets are continually crowded, especially
with porters, who are all loaded, and have for
the most part their heads, legs, and feet bare.
There is no other convenience in this city for
transporting goods from one place to another,
than men's shoulders.
About a league from Canton is the Boat
Town, which consists of about 40,000 barks of
all sizes, which cover the river night and day,
and form a kind of floating city : they all touch
one another, and are ranged so as to form
streets. The people who inhabit them, (differ
ently estimated from 100, to 300,000,) have no
other dwelling, and are prohibited by law from
settling on shore. Each bark lodges a family
and their grand children.
Canton is the only emporium of European
commerce in China, and it is said there are often
5,000 trading vessels lying before the city. The
principal exports are tea, to the extent of 30, or
40,000,000 of pounds yearly, porcelain, nan
keens, silks, mother of pearl, gold in bars, su
gar, tutenague, and many other articles. The
management of trade is vested in a council cal
led hong, consisting of 12 or 14 members, ge
nerally men of great wealth. — The country
around the city is pleasant and healthy, abound
ing in all the necessaries and delicacies of life.
The Church Missionary Society have had a mis
sionary here since 1807, who has translated and
circulated the New Testament in Chinese.
Cantren, X. Baden, on a river which runs ins-
to the Rhine ; 9 NNE. Bale.
Cantu, X. Italy ; 5 SSE. Como.

CAP

306

CAP

Cantwell's Bridge, or Apoquinimink, p-v.
Newcastle co., Delaware, on Apoquinimink.
Creek ; 21 SSW. Wilmington, 49 SW. Phila
delphia, W. 116. It contains about 25 or 30
houses. Cantyre, see Kintyre.
Canvey, isl. Eng., in the mouth of the Thames,
near the coast of Essex, about 5 miles long,
and 2 wide; 5 NW. theNore. It is subject to
inundations, at some particular high tides. The
whole of the land is about 3,600 acres.
Canuck, X. Hind., Benares ; 6 W. Bidzigur.
Canusium, now Canosa.
Canuta, X. Brazil, on the Tocantin river ; 70
SW. Para. Lon. 50. 46. W. Lat. 2. 15. N.
Cany, t. France, and principal place of a
district, in Lower-Seine, situated in a country
which produces great quantities of corn and
flax ; 27 NW. Rouen. Lori. 0. 43. E. Lat. 49.
48. N. Pop. 1,432.
Canyapura, X. Hind., in South Canara. Lon.
75. 4. E. Lat 12. 34. N. It contains about 200
houses. Canyketolce, Indian town, Labrador. Lon. 49.
38. W. Lat 55. 40. N.
Cany Creek, t. Alabama, which flows into
the Tennessee, 20 miles below the Muscle
Shoals. Cany Fork, r. Tennessee, which runs into the
-Cumberland, 50 E. Nashville.
Canze, see Canje.
Cannoval, X. Italy ; 8 W. Lecco.
Canzum, small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Yucatan. Lon. 87. 58. W.
Lat. 21. 3. N.
Cao-chan, X. Corea ; 30 ESE. Hetsin.
Cao-chan-li, t. Corea ; 420 E. Peking.
Cao-lim, X. Asia, [in Corea; 600 ENE. Pe
king. Lon. 129. 27- E. Lat. 42. 40. N.
Cao-lim, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 123. 54.
E. Lat. 42. N.
Cao-Ming, t. China, of the second rank, in
Yunnan. Lon. 102. 44. E. Lat. 25. 22. N.
Cao-lang, t. China, of the second rank, in
Chan-tong; 200 S. Peking. Lon. 115. 54. E.
Lat. 36. 58. N.
Cao-lchin, t. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 15 ESE. Tching-ting.
Cao-y, X. China, of the third rank, in the Pe-
tche-li; 30 S. Tching.
Coo-Yam, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 12 S. Gan.
Coo-Yang, X. Corea; 7 NW. Kingkitao.
Cao-yucn, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chantong ; 42 NW. Tcin-tcheou.
Caom-Lakmas, Red Mount, mt. Egypt, on
which there are the remains of an ancient tem
ple ; 25 N. Syene.
Caorla, X. Italy, on an island of the same
name, in the gulf of Venice, near the coast of
Friuli ; Bp. see. Lon. 12. 56. E. Lat. 45. 38. N.
Pop. 3,412.
Caorle, X. on a small isl. in the Lagunes of
Venice, off the coast of Friuli. Pop. 2,128.
Cap Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 105. 48. E. Lat. 5. 58. S. It is very near
Button island ; and both appear to have origi
nated by a subaqueous volcano. Here are
found a considerable number of edible birds'
nests.

Capaecio, X. Naples, in Principato Citra; Bp.
see ; 20 SE. Salerno, 30 NW. Policastro. Lon.
14. 55.' E. Lat! 40. 27. N.
Capacini, X. Naples, Capitanata ; 4 W. Viesta.
Capalanga, t. on N. coast of Lueon. Lon.
122. 56. E. Lat 14. 40. N.
Capalita, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 97. 30. W. Lat. 16. 14. N.
Capall, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
130. 36. E. Lat. 4. 1. S.
Capaluan, one of the smaller Philippine isl
ands. Lon. 121. 48. E. Lat. 13. 54. N. It is
about 14 miles long, and 5 wide.
Capon, t. Persian Armenia ; 50 E. Nacsivan.
Capanabastla, t. Guatimala, in Chiapa} 70
SE. Chiapa des Espagnoles.
Capanarealte, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, Lon. 94. 56. W. Lat. 15. 42. N.
Capanema, r. Brazil, which runs into the bay
of All Saints.
Caparra, (an. Ambracia,) X. Spain, in Estra
madura, on the Ambroz, 30 Placentia. It is
reduced to a hamlet, but exhibits ancient mon
uments. Capayan, X. S. A. in Tucuman ; 25 S. St.
Fernando. Cap Breton, t. France, in Landes, near the
coast; 9 N. Bayonne. Lon. 1. 22. W. Lat. 43.
38. N.
Capehac, or Kiplchac, or Kiapzac, ancient
country, in Europe and Asia, comprehending
Western Tartary and the eastern part of Asiatic
Russia. Astrachan was the capital.
Capdenac, see Cddenac.
Cape Abacou, cape, near the W. end of S.
coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 74. W. Lat. 18. 4. N.
Cape Acquebella, on the coast of Naples, in
the Adriatic. Lon. 14. 28. E. Lat. 42. 25. N.
Cape Addington, on W. coast of the Prince of
Wales' Archipelago. Lon. 226. 23. E. Lat. 55.
26. N.
Cape Agua, Spain, on the coast of Murcia.
Lon. 1. 2. W. Lat. 37. 32. N.
Cape Aguada, on W. coast of East Florida,
in the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 82. 15. W. Lat.
26. 22. N.
Cape Aguer, or Ger, on W. coast of Morocco.
Lon. 10. 15. W. Lat. 30. 50. N.
Cape Aguja, a double point on the coast of
Peru. Lon. 80. 55. W. Lat. 5. 45. S.
Cape Aguja, on N. coast of S. A. Lon. 74.
10. W. Lat. 11.26. N.
Cape Aguillas, see Cape Anguillas.
Cape Ajo, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Lon. 3. 34. W. Lat. 43. 32. N.
Cape Albatel, on the coast of Algiers ; 30 E.
Cape Tenes.
Cape Albiania, on NW. point of Cyprus.
Lon. 32. 18. E. Lat. 35. 10. N.
Cape Alexander, on W. coast of New Geor
gia. Lon. 156. 6. E. Lat. 6. 45. S.
Cape Algar, on NW. coast of Majorca. Lon.
2. 18. E. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Cape Alice, on the coast of Calabria, in the
gulf of Tarento. Lon. 17. 22. E. Lat. 39. 30. N.
Cape Aloseno, on W. coast of the island of
Elba. Lon. 10. 15. E. Lat. 42. 47. N.
Cape Amanso, on SE. coast of Corsica, and
N. part of the entrance into the bay of Boni
facio,

CAP

307

CAP

Capt Amboise, or Ambeezes, in the Atlantic,
on the coast of Benin. Lon. 10. 50. E. Lat. 4.
15. N.
Cape Ambra, or Ambro, see Cape Natal.
Cape Amoushe, Algiers ; 30 WSW. Cape
Caxines. Cape Anciola, on W. coast of the island of
Cabrera. Lon. 2. 51. E. Lat. 39. 6. N.
CapeAncon, or Anco, N. point of Chiloe, in
the Pacific ocean. Lon. 80. W. Lat. 42. S.
Cape Anderville, on W. coast of France ; 13
WNW. Cherburg. Lon. 2. W. Lat. 49. 43. N.
Cape Andrea, E. point of Cyprus. Lon. 34.
35. E. Lat. 35. 41. N.
Cape Angeli, on W. cost of Natolia. Lon. 27.
E. Lat. 37. 11. N.
Cape Anguala, W. point of the island of Por
to Rico.
Cape Anguillas, on S. coast of Africa, E. the
Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 20. 8. E. Lat. 34.
55. S. This is the most southerly point of Africa.
Cape Anguilla, Newfoundland. Lon. 59. 17.
W. Lat. 47. 54. N.
Cape Anguillones, Spain, on the coast of Ga
licia. Lon. 8. 52. W. Lat. 43. 46. N.
Cape Aniva, on S. coast of Saghalien. Lon.
144. 20. E. Lat. 46. 10. N.
Cape Ann, on W. coast of New Britain, in
the Pacific ocean. Lon. 148. 25. E. Lat. 5.
50. S.
Cape Ann, on the coast of Massachusetts.
Lon. 70. 37. W. Lat. 42. 35. N.
Cape Ann, see Gloucester, Mass.
Cape Antio, on the coast of the Campagna di
Roma. Lon. 12. 30. E. Lat. 41. 30. N.
Cape Antongil, on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 55. 50. E. Lat. 16. S.
Cape Apollonia, Africa, on the Gold coast.
Lon. 3. 10. W. Lat. 5. 0. N.
Ca^e Arbre, on W. coast of Natolia. Lon. 27.
10. E. Lat. 37. 30. N.
Cape Area, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 12.
10. W. Lat. 27. 15. N.
Cape Arenas, on E. coast of Terra del Fuego.
Lat. 53. 30. S.
Cape de las Arenas Gordas, on E. coast of Pa
tagonia. Lat. 38. S.
Cape Argent, on E. side of Newfoundland.
Lon. 55. 15. W. Lat. 50. N.
Cape Agentera, on W. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
8. 36. E. Lat. 39. 28. N.
tape Armi, or Capo dell'Armi, Naples, on S.
coast of Calabria. Lon. 15. 67. E. Lat 37.
52. N.
Cape Arrecise, on S. coast of Africa. Lon. 24.
3. E. Lat. 32. 20. S.
Cape Arruba, on S. coast of Persia, in the
Arabian sea. Lon. 64. E. Lat. 25. 8. N.
Cape Ash-oune-mon-kar, on the coast of Al
giers. Lon. 5. 10. E. Lat. 37. 15. N.
Cape Asinari, NW. point of Sardinia. Lon. 8.
10. E. Lat. 40. 58. N.
Cape Assab, on the coast of Africa, in the
Red sea. Lat. 13. 6. N.
Cape Ava, on the coast of Japan. Lon. 140.
55. E. Lat. 34. 45. N.
Cape Away, SE. point of Niphon. Lon. 140.
40. E. Lat. 35. 10. N.
Cape Baba, on N. coast of Natolia, in the
Black sea, Lon. 31. 51. E. Lat. 41. 8. N.

Cape Baba, (an. Ledum PromonlorivM,) cape1,
Natolia, N. of Adramiti gulf. Lon. 39. 35. N.
On this promontory is the little town of Baba.
Cape Baffa, on SW. coast of Cyprus. Lon.
32. 18. E. Lat. 34. 57. N.
Cape Bajador, NW. point of the island of
Lucon. Lon. 120. 40. E. Lat. 18. 40. N.
Cape Bainetta, on S. coast of St. Domingo,
near a village of the same name. Lon. 72. 51.
W. Lat. 18. 13. N.
Cape Bajoli, on W. coast of Minorca. Lon.
3. 44. E. Lat. 40. 3. N.
Cape Bajona, on E. coast of Africa. Lon. 39.
E. Lat: 15. 15. S.
Cape Balaad, Africa, on N. coast of Moroc
co, in the Mediterranean. Lon. 3. 46. W. Lat.
35. 32. N.
Cape Ballard, Newfoundland. Lon. 52. 42:
W. Lat. 46. 49. N.
Cape Banks, NE. point of Botany Bay, on E.
coast of New Holland.
Cape Barbas, on W. eoast of Africa. Lon.
16, 40. W. Lat. 22. 15. N.
Cape Bardistan, or Bos Bardistan, on the
coast of Persia, in the Persian gulf. Lon. 51.
15. E. Lat. 28. N.
Cape Borfleur, on the coast of France ; 18
E. Cherburg. Lon. 1. 17. W . Lat. 49. 40. N. '
Cape Barnabas, see Cape St. Barnabas.
Cape Barreras, on E. coast of Patagonia.
Lat. 50. S.
Cape Barrington, SE. point of Egmont isl
and. Lon. 164. 32. E. Lat 10. 58. S.
Cape Bono, on NE. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
103. 35. E. Lat. 0. 6. N.
Cape Bartholomew, S. point of Staten Land.
Lon. 68. 21. W. Lat. 54. 58. S.
Cape Bassas, on E. coast of Africa. Lon. 40.
10. E. Lat. 4. 55. N.
Cope Baxos, on W. coast of Africa, in the
Atlantic. Lon. 7. 40. W. Lat. 5. 28. N.
Cope Baxos, (an. Apocopa,) Africa, on the
coast of Ajan. Lon. 48. 14. E. Lat. 4. 45. N.
Cape Baxos, on S. coast of Africa. Lon. 23.
E. Lat. 34. S.
Cape Beechy Head, N. point of Penguin isl
and, in the S. Atlantic ocean. Lat. 50. 56. S.
Cape, (Bear's,) S. point of the island of St.
John, near Nova Scotia. Lon. 62. 12. W. Lat.
45. 53. N.
Cape Beaia, on S. coast of Hispaniola. Lon.
71.20. W. Lat. 17. 42. N.
Cape BeCur, on the coast of Egypt ; 12 NNE.
Alexandria. Cape Bede, lofty promontory on E. coast of
Cooke's river, on W. coast of N. A. ; 12 N.
Cape Elizabeth.
Cape Bedford, on the Coast of Labrador, in
Davis's Straits. Lon. 68. 30. W. Lat. 67. N.
Cape Bedford, NE. extremity of New-Hol
land. Lon. 214. 45. W. Lat. 15. 16. S,
Cape Begu, Spain, on the coast of Catalonia.
Lon. 3. 2. E. Lat. 41. 55. N.
Cape Bellones, on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 50. 20. E. Lat. 16, 5, S.
Cape Berberia, on W, coast of the island of
Formentera. Lon. 1. 20. E. Lat. 38. 41. N.
Cape de Berelos, on N. coast of Egypt ; 30
W. Damletta. Lon. 31. 16. E. Lat. 31. 29. N,
Cape Bermejo, on E. coast of Majorca. Lon.
3. 25. E. Lat, 39. 30. N.

CAP

308

CAP

Cape Beroard, on N. coast of Egypt. Lon.
32. 52. E. Lat. 31. 6. N.
Cape Bislana, see Cape Busiion.
Cape Bianco, see Cape Bianco.
Cape Blanco, Syria, on the coast of the Med
iterranean. Lon. 35. 6. E. Lat. 33. 2. N.
Cape Blanco, on S. coast of the Morea. Lon.
21. 56. E. Lat. 36. 44. N.
Cape Blanco, on W. coast of Natolia. Lon.
26. 18. E. Lat. 38. 14. N.
Cape Blanco, Africa, on N. coast of Tupis.
Lon. 9. 50. E. Lat. 37. 15. N.
Cape Blanco, on S. coast of Sicily. Lon. 13.
10. E. Lat. 35. 28. N.
Cape Blanco, on N. coast of Corsica, a little
to the W. of Cape Corso.
Cape Blanco, on S. coast of Corfu. Lon. 20.
6. E. Lat. 39. 28. N.
Cape Blanco, SW. coast of Cyprus. Lon. 32.
15. E. Lat. 35. 12. N.
Cape Blanco, Spain, on the coast of Asturia.
Lon. 6. 54. W. Lat. 43. 35. N. '
Cape Blanco, on W. coast of Ivica. Lon. 1 .
16. E. Lat. 39. l.N.
Cape Blanco, on S. coast of Majorca. Lon. 2.
42. 45. E. Lat. 39. 21. N.
Cape Blanco, on W. coast of Africa, in the
Atlantic. Lon. 16. 58. W. Lat. 20. 47. N-
Cape Blanco, on W. coast of Africa, in the
Atlantic. Lon 8. 40. W. Lat. 33. 6. N.
Cape Blanco, on the coast of Peru, in the Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 81. 0. W- Lat 4. 19. S.
Cape Blanco, on W. coast of N. A. Lon. 124.
25. W. Lat 42. 53. N.
"" Cape Blanco, Mexico, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 86. 6. W. Lat. 9. 20. N.
Cape Blanco, on N. coast of S. A. Lon. 67.
16. W. Lat 10. 38. N.
Cape Blanco, or Cape St. Jorge, on E. coast
of Patagonia. Lon. 68. W. Lat. 47. S.
Cape Blanco, on E. coast of Calabria. Lon.
17. 25. E. Lat. 38. 59. N.
Cape Blow-me-down, on the coast of Nova-
Scotia, in the Bay of Fundy.
Cape Bluff, on E. coast of Labrador. Lon.
55. 30. W. Lat. 53. N.
Cape Boco, or Cape Marsala, on W. coast of
Sicily, near Marsala.
Cape Bogachua, on SW. coast of Arabia.
Lon. 49. 15. E. Lat. 14. 20. N.
Cape Bojador, on W. coast of Africa, in the
Atlantic. Lon. 14. 20. W. Lat. 26.16.N.
Cape Bolinac, on W. coast of Lucori. Lon.
120. 5. E. Lat 16.27. N.
Cape Bon, or Bas Adder, (an. Promonlorium
Mercurii;) Africa, on NE, coast of Tunis. Lon.
11. 20. Lat. 36. 5S. N.
Cape Bonandrea, N. point of the island of
Scarpanti. Lat 25. 50. N.
Cape Bonandria, Africa, on the coast of Tri
poli, in the Mediteranean. Lon. 23. 14. E.
Lat. 32. 20. N.
Cape Bonavista, on E. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 52. 45. W. Lat. 48. 56. N. '
Cape Boruca, on the coast of Mexico, in the
Pacific ocean. Lat. 8. 24. N.
Cape Boscawen, on W. coast of Egmont Isl
and. Lon. 163. 42. E. Lat. 11. 11. S.
Cape. Bourbon, SW. point of Kerguelen's
land, Lon. 6S. 35. E. Lat. 49. 32. S.

Cape Boy, on S. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9,
38. E. Lat. 39. 15. N.
Cape Brosa, on the isthmus of Darien. Lon.
80. 10. W. Lat. 9. 22. N.
Cape Brebant, on SW. coast of the island of
Mauritius. Lat. 20. 30. S.
Cape Bredanach, on W. coast of Rum, one of
the W. islands of Scotland.
Cape Bree, on W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
109. 57. E. Lat 1.25. S.
Cope Breton, isl. in N. America, in the gulf of
St. Lawrence, separated from Nova-Scotia by
the strait of Fronsac, about 3 miles wide. This
island is about 110 miles in length, and from
20 to 84 in breadth ; full of mountains and
lakes, and intersected by a great number of
creeks and bays. The soil is fertile and abounds
in timber. In the mountains are coal-mines;
in the valleys excellent pasture, and the coast
abounds in fish. The chief towns are Louis-
burg, Sydney, and Arichat. The present seat
of government is at Spanish river, on N. side
of the island. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 59. to 61.20. W.
Lat. 45. 34. to 47. 5. N.
Cape Breton, on. E. coast of the island of the
same name. Lon. 59. 40. W. Lat 45. 65. N.
Cape Brett, on E. coast of the northernmost
island on New-Zealand, forming the NE. point
of the bay of islands. Lon. 185. 24. W. Lat.
35. 10. S.
Cape Brullos, see Cape de Berelos.
Cape Bristol, on the coast of Sandwich land
Lon. 26. 51. W. Lat 59. 2. S.
Cape Broyle, on E. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 52. 35. W. Lat 47. 8. E.
Cape Buller, point of land on E. coast of
New-Britain. Lon. 151. 20. E. Lat. 5. S.
Cope Buller, on the coast of Terra-del-Fuego.
Lon. 67. 40. W. Lat. 53. 58. S.
Cope Buller, on N. coast of South-Georgia.
Lon. 37. 40. W. Lat. 53. 58. S.
Cape Buller, oh the coast of New-Britain.
Lon. 121.23. E. Lat 4. 56^ S.
Cape Burela, Spain, on N. coast of Galicia.
Lon. 7.6. W. Lat. 43. 36. N.
Cape Buron, on S. coast of Malacca. Lon.
103. 22. S. Lat. 1. 18. N.
Cope Burulaque, N. point of Zibu, or Sebu,
one of the Philippine islands. Lon. 122. 31. E.
Lat. 11. 6. N.
Cape Buzzano, on SE. coast of Calabria. Lon.
16. 34. E. Lat/37. 57. N.
Cape Buslibn, or Rds el Heti, in the Persian
gulf, on the coast of Laristan. Lon. 54. 32. E.
Lat. 26. 36. N.
Cape Busto, Spain on the coast of Asturia.
Lon. 6. 30. W. Lat. 43. 37. N.
Cape By,ylen, ' on E. coast of Celebes. Lon.
124. 24. E. Lat. 0. 15. N.
Cape Butifaras, on S. coast of Minorca. Lon.
4. 13. W. Lat. 39. 48. N.
Cape Buzo, (an. Promonlorium Corcyrus,)
NW. extremity of the island of Candia. Lon,
23. 24. E. Lat. 35. 38. N.
Cape Byron, SW. extremity of New-Ireland,
Lon. 149. 2. E. Lat. 2. 30. S.
Cape Byron, on E. coast of New-Holland.
Lon. 153. 30. E. Lat 28. 37. N.
Cape Byron, on NE. coast of Egmont island,
or New Guernsey. Lon.,164.49.E. Lat. I0.40.S.

CAP

309

CAP

. Cape Caamano, on W. coast of N. A., in the
Duke of Clarence's strait. Lon. 228. 17. E.
Lat. 55. 29. N.
Cape Cabron, NE. point of Samana, in the
West-Indies. Lon. 70. W. Lat. 19. 20. N.
Cape Caccia, Sardinia, on W. coast ; 18 W.
Algeri. Lon. 8. 10. E. Lat. 40. 31. N.
Cape Caglia, or Cape Matapan, (an. Tana-
rium,) the SW. point of the Morea. Lon. 22.
30. E. Lat. 36. 34. N.
Cape Calbache, on W. coast of Porto Rico.
Lon. 68. 6. W. Lat. 18. 28. N.
Cape Calmez, on the coast of Nubia, in the
Red sea. Lon. 37. E. Lat. 21. 22. N.
Cape Calhat, see Cape Kalhat.
. Cape Calibong, on N. coast of Java. Lon.
110. 45. E. Lat. 6. 18. S.
Cape Calvi, on N. coast of Corsica ; consist
ing of a high barren mountain. Lon. 8. 40. E.
Lat 42.30. N.
Cape Cambodia, S. extremity of Cambodia,
in the gulf of Siam. Lon. 106. E. Lat. 10. N.
Cape Camaron, on the coast of Honduras.
Lon. 84. 54. W. Lat. 15. 30. N.
Cape Campbell, on E. coast of New-Zealand,
Lon. 183. 45. W. Lat. 41. 44. S.
Cape Canon, see Cape Mesurada.
Cape Canaveral, on E. coast of Florida. Lon.
80.33. W. Lat. 28. 18. N.
, Cape Candy, on N. coast of Celebes. Lon.
121.23. E. Lat. 1. 12. N.
Cape Canet, Spain, on the coast of Valencia.
Lon. 0. 16. W. Lat. 39. 38. N.
Cape. Canso, on Nava Scotia. Lon. 60. 56. W.
Lat. 45. 18. N.
Cape Canso, on NE. coast of Newfoundland.
Lat. 45. 32. N.
Cape Cantin, on W. coast of Morocco. Lon.
9. 12. W. Lat. 32. 35. N.
Cape Canourga, on W. coast of Cyprus. Lon.
34. 36. E. Lat. 34. 50. N.
Cape Capricorn, on NE. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 208. 58. W. Lat. 23. 24. S.
Cape Carava, on N. coast of Sicily. Lon. 14.
59. E. Lat. 38. 15. N.
Cape Carawang, on N. coast of Java. Lon.
107. 10. E. Lat. 5. 45. S.
Cape Caravelle, on NE. coast of Martinico.
Lon. 60. 56. W. Lat. 14. 55. N.
Cape Carbon, on the coast of Algiers. Lon.
5. E. Lat. 37. N.
Cope Carbonaro, on S. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 9.49. E. Lat. 39. O.N.
Cape Carcorella, on the coast of Barca. Lon
18.25. E. Lat. 31. 15. N.
Cape. Carnero, on the coast of Peru. Lat 1
36. S.
Cape Carowze, on N. coast of Hispaniola
Lon. 70. 53. W. Lat. 19. 59. N.
Cape Carthage, on E. coast of Tunis. Lon
10. 14. E. Lat. 36. 52. N.
Cape Carvaeiro, on W. coast of Portugal
Lon. 13. W. Lat. 39. 22. N.
Cape Carvoiero, on S. coast of Portugal. Lon
8. 26. W. Lat. 37. N.
Cape Cascaes, X. Portugal ; 2 SW. Cascaes.
Lon. 9. 25. W. Lat. 38. 42. N.
Cape Catalugna, on N. coast of Majorca.
Lon. 3. 13. E. Lat. 39. 55. N.
Cape Catherine, on W. coast of Africa, in the
Atlantic. Lat. 2. 6.

Cape Catoche, on NE. coast of Yueatan.
Lon. 87.26. W. Lat. 21. 33 N.
Cape Cavalier, on SE. coast of A. Turkey ;
30 W. Alexandretta.
Cape Cavallo, on E. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
9.50. E. Lat. 40. 48. N.
Cape Cavalaria, on N. coast of Minorca.
Lon. 4. 4. E. Lat. 40. 5. N.
Cape Causedo, on S. coast of Hispaniola ; 5
SE. St. Domingo.
Cape Caution, on W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 127. 52. W. Lat. 51. 12. N.
Cape Caxines, or Ras-acon-natter, which
forms the W. point of the bay 'of Algiers. Lon.
3. 20. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Cape Cevera, Spain, on the coast of Catalo
nia. Lon. 3. 3. E. Lat. 42. 26. N.
Cape Cevera, Spain, on the coast of Valen
cia. Lon. 0. 46. W. Lat. 37. 58. N.
Cape Chacon, on S. coast of Prince of Wales'
Archipelago. Lon. 22. 16. E. Lat. 54. 43. N.
Cape Chaillons, on NE. coast of Lake Supe
rior, in Upper Canada. Lon. 85. 5. W. Lat.
47. 45. N.
Cope Chanceley, on S. coast of Arabia. Lon.
56. E. Lat. 18. N.
Cape Charles, on E. coast of Labrador. Lon.
55. 20. W. Lat. 52. 15. N.
Cape Charles, cape of Virginia, at E. side of
the mouth of the Chesapeake ; 12 N. Cape Hen
ry. Lon. 75. 68. W. Lat. 37. 12. N.
Cape Charles, at the entrance of Hudson's
bay. Lon. 75. 15. W. Lat. 62. 40. N.
Cape Charles Island, isl. on SE. coast of La
brador, near Cape Charles. Lon. 55. 20. W.
Lat. 52. 22. N.
Cape Charlotte, S. extremity of the island of
New Georgia. Lon. 36. 11. W. Lat. 44. 32. S.
Cape Chat, on S. coast of the river St. Law
rence. Lon. 66. W. Lat. 49. 10. N.
Cape Chatham, on SW. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 116. 35. E. Lat. 35. 3. S.
Cape Chalebernau, on E. coast of Cyprus
Lon. 34. 47. E. Lat. 35. 36. N.
Cape Chedi, or Ca^e Citti, on S. coast of
Cyprus, near which are several villages. Lon
33. 58. E. Lat. 34. 53. N.
Cape Chelidoni, on S. coast of Natolia. Lon
30. 14. E. Lat. 36. 15. N.
Cope Chidley, or Chudl'eigh, on N. coast of
Labrador, at the entrance of Hudson's straits
Lon. 65. 25. W. Lat. 60. 12. N.
Cape Chigneclo, or Chigniton, in the Bay of
Fundy, between New Brunswick and Nova
Scotia. Lon. 64. 49. W. Lat. 45. 24. N.
Cape Choumay, on E. coast of Cochin-China,
at the mouth of the river Chouma. Lon 107
57. E. Lat. 16. 12. N.
Cape Churchill, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 93.
12. W. Lat. 58. 48. N.
Cape Clear, on S. extremity of the island of
Clare, near S. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9. 34. W
Lat. 51.19. N.
Cape Cleaveland, on E. Coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 147. 5. E. Lat. 19. S.
Cape Coadera, S. A. on the coast of Carac
cas. Lon. 66. 10. W. Lat. 10. 50. N.
Cape Coast-Castle, or Cape Corso, cape,t Si
factory of Africa, on the Gold coast. Lon 1
20. W. Lat. 5. 10. N. Pop. 8.000. It -is the

CAP

310

CAP

capital of the British settlements on the Gold
coast. The town is irregular and dirty, and
the houses are built of clay. The surrounding
country is mostly woody. The English took
possession of this place in 1661. This cape is
formed by an angular point, washed by the sea.
Here the Portuguese settled in 1610, and built
the citadel ; the walls of which are high and
thick, especially on the land side ; built partly
of stone, and partly of brick. The fort has 4
bastions, and 10 pieces of cannon.
Cape Cocos, on E. coast of Madagascar. Lon.
56. E. Lat. 14. 20. S.
Cope Cod, cape and peninsula, comprising
Barnstable co. Mass. on S. side of Massachu
setts bay ; 65 miles long, and from 1 to 20
broad. The soil is generally sandy and barren,
and foe inhabitants derive a great part of their
subsistence from the sea. Lon. of the cape, 70.
14. W. Lat. 42. 5. N.
Cape Codolar, on E. coast of the island of
Formentara. Lon. 1. 30. E. Lat. 38. 41. N.
Cape Cold, N. end of Charles island, on the
coast of East Greenland. Lon. 10. 57. E. Lat.
79. 6. N.
Cope Colnett, on NE. coast of New Caledo
nia. Lon. 164. 56. E. Lat. 20. 30. S.
Cape Colnett, on the coast of New Albion, in
the N.Pacific ocean. Lon.244.E. Lat. 30.58. N.
Cape Colni, on W. coast of A. Turkey, N. the
gulf of Smyrna. Lon. 26. 31. E. Lat. 39. 24. N.
Cape Colonna, or Cape Delle Colonna, (an.
Lacinium,) on E. coast of Calabria. Lon. 17.
29. E. Lat. 39. 6. N.
Cape Colonni, on the coast of Moraa. Lon.
24. 2. E. Lat. 37. 36. N.
Cape Colonni, S. point of Samos. Lon. 26.
48. E. Lat. 27. 41. N.
Cape Colville, on E. coast of New Zealand ;
NE. point of entrance into the river Thames.
Lon. 194. 27. W. Lat. 36. 26. N.
Cape Comfort, in Hudson's bay. Lon 82. 30.
W. Lat. 64. 65. N.
Cape Comin, on E. coast of the island of
Sardinia. Lon. 10. 1. E. Lat. 40. 38. N.
Cape Comorin, (an. Comaria,) S. point of
Hind., in Travancore. Lon. 77.32. E. Lat. 8. N.
Cape Condecedo, on NW. coast of Yucatan.
Lon. 90. 50. W. Lat. 21. 21. N.
Cape Conway, on NW. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 211.28. W. Lat. 20. 36. S.
Cape Coquibacoa, on the coast of Terra Fir-
ma. Lon. 71. 4. W. Lat. 11. 55. N.
Cape Coraco, on E. coast of the island of Me-
telin, in the Archipelago. Lon. 26. 20. E. Lat.
39. 24. N.
Cape Cormachiti, on N. coast of Cyprus, vul-
gularly called Crommon. Lon. 33. 5. E. Lat.
35. 33. N.
Cape Cornwall, at the extremity of England,
on W. coast of Cornwall. Lon. 5. 55. W. Lat.
50. 10. N.
Cape Cornwall, SW. point of land on NW.
side of the passage of Endeavour straits, in New
Holland. Lon. 141. E. Lat. 10. 43. S.
Cape Cornwall, on SW. side of an island near
N. coast of New Holland. Lon. 219. W. Lat.
10. 43. S.
Cape Coron, on S. coast of Morea. Lon. 21.
53. E. Eat. 36. 42. N.

Cape Coronation, on the coast of New Cale
donia. Lon. 167. 8. E. Lat. 22. 5. S.
Cape Corrientes, on S. coast of Cuba. Lon,
84. 23. W. Lat 21. 43. N.
Cape Corrientes, on the coast of Grenada.
Lon. 77. 15. W. Lat. 5. 50. N.
Cape Corrientes, on E. coast of Africa. Lon.
37. 0. E. Lat. 23. 48. S.
Cape Corrientes, on S. coast of Cuba. Lon.
84. 30. W. Lat. 20. 32. N.
Cape Corrientes, on the coast of Mexico, Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 105. 35. W. Lat. 20. 22. N.
Cape Corrubedo, Spain, on the coast of Ga
licia. Lon. 9. 5. W. Lat. 42. 35. N.
Cape Cors, or Corso; see Cape Coast Castle.
Cape Corso, on N. coast of Corsica. Lon. 9.
25. E. Lat 42. 59. N.
Cape Corso, on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 37.
36. W. Lat. 4. 30. S.
Ca^ic Corvoeira, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
17. W. Lat. 21. 30. N.
Cape Corzo, on W. coast of America, in the
Pacific ocean, opposite N. extremity of the isl
and of Madre de Dios. Lat. 50. 10. S.
Cape Couili, on S. coast of Natolia. Lon, 29.
7. E. Lat. 36. 15. N.
Cape Courco, on W. coast of Natolia, at N.
of the entrance into the gulf of Scala Nova.
Lon. 26. 33. E. Lat. 38. 11. N.
Cape Cowar Kelier, on the coast of Africa,
in the Red sea. Lat. 14. 34. N.
Cape Cox, on W. coast of N. A. Lon. 128.
52. W. Lat. 51. 30. N.
Cape Creus, or Cruz, Spain, on the coast of
Catalonia. Lon. 3. 38. E. Lat. 42. 27. N.
Cape Crillon, on S. coast of the island of Sag*
halien. Lon. 142. 54. E. Lat. 45. 57. N.
Cape Crio, on W. coast of Natolia. Lon. 27.
8. E. Lat. 36. 40. N.
Cape Crio, cape of Candia ; 7 SW. Canea.
Lon. 23. 22. E. Lat. 35. 16. N.
Cape Crisnez, on the coast of France, be
tween Boulogne and Calais. Lon. 1. 35. E.
Lat. 50. 50. N.
Cape Croix, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 9.
55. W. Lat. 30. 38. N.
Cape Cross, on E. coast of East Florida. Lon.
84. 50. W. Lat. 46. 27. N.
Cape Cross, on SE. coast of lake Superior.
Lon. 84. 50. W. Lat. 46. 25. N.
Cape Cross, on W. coast of King George the
Third's Archipelago, in the N. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 136. 24. W. Lat. 57. 56. N.
Cape Cruz, see Cape Creus.
Cape Cruz, on S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 77. 42.
W. Lat. 19. 47. N.
Cape Culebras, on N. coast of the isthmus of
Darien. Lon. 78. 52. W. Lat. 9. 36. N.
Cape Culera, Spain, on the coast of Valen
cia. Lon. 0. 18. W. Lat. 39. 8. N.
Cape Cumberland, on the island of E.-.pirito
Santo, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 166. 47. E. Lat. 14. 39. S.
Cape Cumberland, on Kerguelen's Land; 5
SE. half S. from Christmas harbour.
Cape Curiat, see Kuriat.
Cape Dame Marie, see Donna Maria.
Cape Damela, see Cape Skillo.
Cape Danger, or Point Danger, on E. coast
of New Holland. Lon. 153. 30. E, Lat. 28. 8. S.

CAP

311

CAP

Cape Darby, on W. coast of North America.
Lon. 163. W. Lat. 64. 21. N.
Cope Darluch, on W. coast of Minorca. Lon.
3. 45. E. Lat. 39. 56. N.
Cape Data, on W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 110.
21. E. Lat. 3. N.
Cape Dauphin, on S. coast of Kerguelen's
Land. Lon. 69. 10. E. Lat. 49. 28. S.
Cope Deception, on S. coast of New Georgia,
or Land of Arsacides. Lon.l52,3.E. Lat.8.33.S.
Cope Decision, on S. coast of an island near
W. coast of N.America. Lon. 226. 8. E. Lat.
56. 3. N.
Cape Delgado, on the coast of Africa, in the
Indian sea. Lon. 41. E. Lat. 10. 5. S.
Cape Delgado, on the coast of Africa, in the
Indian sea. Lon. 50. 15. E. Lat. 9. 46. N.
Cope Deliverance, on the coast of New Gui
nea, in the E. Indian ocean. Lon. 154. 40. E.
Lat. 11.45. S.
Cape Delongano, see Cape Erigano.
Cape Delle, on the coast of Algiers. Lon. 1.
13. E. Lat. 37. 15. N.
Cape Denbigh, on W. coast of N. America,
forming the extremity of a peninsula in Norton
sound. Lon. 161. 53. W. Lat. 64. 17. N.
Cape Dentekom, on E. coast of Borneo. Lon.
117. 24. E. Lat. 0. 14. N.
Cape Derne, Africa, on the coast of Barca.
Lon. 22. 6. E. Lat. 32. 52. N.
Cope Derradiera, on E. coast of Africa. Lon.
27. 50. E. Lat. 30. 10. S.
Cope Deseada, or Dfsire, on SW. coast of
Patagonia, at the entrance of the straits of Ma
gellan from the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 74. 40.
W. Lat. 52. 52. S.
Cope Desolation, S. point of Greenland, near
Davis's straits. Lon. 47. W. Lat. 61. 45. N.
Cape Desolation, S. A. on SW. coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 72. 12. W. Lat 54. 55. S.
Cope Diamond, on NE. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 97. 40. E. Lat. 4. 45. N.
Cape Digby, on E. coast of Kerguelen's Land.
Lon. 70. 34. E. Lat. 49. 23. S.
Cape Diggs, in the channel from Hudson's
straits to Hudson's bay. Lon. 79. W. Lat. 62.
45. N.
Cope Diggs, or Cape Dudley, in Baffin's bay.
Lon. 59. 7. W. Lat. 76. 48. N.
Cope Dmas, North Wales, being SW. point
of Holyhead. Lon. 4. 50. W. Lat. 53. 22. N.
Cape Disappointment, on S. coast of the isl
and of Georgia. Lon. 36. 15. W. Lat. 54. 58. S.
Cape Disappointment, on W. coast of N. A.
and N. entrance into Columbia river. Lon.
124. 59. W. Lat. 46. 19. N.
Cape Discord, on E. coast of Greenland.
Lon. 44. 30. W. Lat. 60. 30. N.
Cope Dobbs, in Hudson's bay, at S. side of
the entrance of Wager's river. Lon. 86. 30. W.
Lat. «5. N.
Cope Dolphin, E. point of N. entrance into
Falkland's sound.
Cope Domba, on S. coast of Persia, in the
Persian gulf ; 18 WNW. Bender Rigk.
Cape Donna Maria, or Cope Dame Marie, on
W. coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 74. 27. W. Lat
18. 40. N.
Cape Dorfui, see Cape Orfui.
Cape Doro, see del Oro.

Cape Dove, on the coast of Nova Scotia. Lon.
14. W. Lat. 44. 20. N.
Cape Douglas, on W. point of the entrance
into Cook's inlet, on W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 152. 50. W. Lat. 58. 52. N.
Cape Drepani, on E. coast of Greece. Lon. .
24. 2. E. Lat. 39. 56. N.
Cape Dromedary, on E. coast of New Hol^
land. Lon. 150. 6. E. Lat. 36. 21. S.
Cape Dudley, see Cape Diggs.
Cape Dyers, on E. coast of N. America. Lon.
66. 15. W. Lat. 65. 20. N.
Cape Dyvy, Algiers. Lon. 1. 17. E. Lat. 36.
21. N.
Cape East, E. point of Asia, and the domin
ions of Russia, called Tchukotskoi by the Rus
sians. Lon. 169. 32. W. Lat. 66. 6. N.
Cape East, on E. coast of New Zealand.
Lon. 179. E. Lat. 37.42. S.
Co^e East, on E. coast of Madagascar. Lon.
51. E. Lat 15. 8. S.
Cope Edgecumb, on W. coast of N. A. Lon.
135. 63. W. Lat. 57. 3. N.
Cope Edward, on W. coast of King George
Third's Archipelago. Lon. 224. E. Lat.67.39.N.
Cape Egmont, on St. John's island. Lon. 63.
51. W. Lat. 46. 28. N.
Cape Egmont, on W. coast of New Zealand.
Lon. 174. 45. E. Lat. 39. 16. N.
Cape Elizabeth, on W. coast of N. America ;
the E. point of land at the entrance of Cook's
inlet. Lon. 151. 28. W. Lat. 59. 8. N.
Cope Elizabeth, N. A. on the coast of Maine.
Lon. 70. 11. W. Lat. 43. 33. N.
Cape Elizabeth, X. Cumberland co. Maine ; 4
SW. Portland, 116 NNE. Boston. Pop. 1,688.
Cape Engano, on E. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 68. 20. W. Lat. 18. 35. N.
Cape Engano, or Iganno, on N. coast of Lu
con. Lon. 122. 20. E. Lat. 18. 45. N.
Cape Engano Island, small island in the N.
Pacific ocean, near N. coast of Lucon. Lon.
122. 15. E. Lat. 18. 46. N.
Cape English, on S. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 53. 29. W. Lat. 46. 49. N.
Cape Enrage, on W. coast of the island of
Martinico, in the West Indies.
Cape Erqui, on the coast of France. Lon. 2.
37. W. Lat. 48. 35. N.
Cape Espartel, see Cape Spartel.
Cape Espichel, (an. Barbaricum,) on W. coast"
of Portugal. Lon. 9. 14. W. Lat. 38. 23. N.
Cape Espirito Santo, on N. extremity of Sa-
mar island. Lon. 125. 35. E. Lat. 12. 40. N.
Cape Esquimaux, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 94.
50. W. Lat. 61. 12. N.
Cape Estardi, Spain, on the coast of Catalo
nia. Lon. 3. 1. E. Lat. 42. 4. N.
Cape Estieras, on W. coast of Africa. Lat.
0. 50. N.
Cape Evenaar, on E. coast of Celebes. Lon.
124. 5. E. Lat. 0. 12. N.
Cape Euspe, on W. coast of Africa. ' Lat 15
5. S.
Cope Faclie, on W. coast of Borneo. Lon
.109. 30. E. Lat. 0. 37. S.
Cape Fairweather, on E. coast of Patagonia
Lon. 68. 25. W. Lat. 51. 34. S.
Cape Fairweather, on W. coast of N Ameri
ca. Lon. 138. W. Lat. 58. 55. N.

CAP

312

CAP

Cape Falcon,on the coast of Algiers. Lon.
0. 44. E. Lat. 36. 0. N. This point is by the
natives called Ras-el-Harshfa, i. e. the Rugged
Headland. Cape Falcon, on S. coast of' Ivica. Lon. 1.
20. E. Lat. 38. 50. N.
Cape Falcon, on W. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
8. 13. E. Lat 40. 50. N.
Cope False, or Falso, E. point of False Bay,
E. Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 18. 44. E. Lat.
34. 16. S.
Cape False, or False Point, on coast of Hin
doostan, at the mouth of the river Mahanada.
Lon. 86. 48. E. Lat. 20. 20. N.
Cape False, on S. coast of Hispaniola, a little
W. Cape Beata.
Cope False, on the coast of Yucatan, in the
bay of Honduras. Lon. 87. 45. W. Lat. 20.
52. N.
Cape Fanshmo, on W. coast of N. America,
and N. side of Frederick's sound. Lon. 226.
44. E. Lat. 57. 11. N.
Cape Farewell, on SW. coast of East Green
land. Lon. 42. 45. W. Lat. 59. 38. N.
Cope Farewell, on NW. coast of Tavai Foe-
nammoo, the S. island of New Zealand. Lon.
174. E. Lat. 40. 33. S.
Cope Farina, on N. coast of Tunis. Lon. 10.
30. E. Lat. 37. 42. N.
Cape Farruch; on E. coast of Majorca. Lon.
3. 18. E. Lat. 39. 47. N.
Cape Fartac, or Cape Fartash, on S. coast of
Arabia. Lon. 51. 40. E. Lat. 15. 30. N.
Cape Fear, on the coast of North Carolina.
Lon. 78. 9. W. Lat. 33. 48. N.
Cape Fear, or Clarendon, t. N. C, the largest
in the state. It is formed by the confluence of
the NE. and NW. branches, which unite above
Wilmington, 35 miles from the ocean. The
NW. branch rises in N. part of the state, and is
navigable for large boats to Fayetteville. The
NE. branch rises in Sampson CO., and is navi
gable for boats 70 miles.
Cape Fegalle, or Fegalo, on the coast of Al
giers ; called by the Moors, Bas Azintoure.
Lon. 1. 4. E. Lat. 35. 47. N.
Cape Felix, on W. coast of the island of Su
matra. Lon. 96. E. Lat. 4. N.
Cape Fella, on W. coast of Calabria. Lon.
16. 2. E. Lat. 39. 38. N.
Cape Felo, on SW. point of Sicily. Lon. 12.
27. E. Lat. 37. 46. N.
Cape Ferolle, or Point Ferollc, on W. coast
of Newfoundland, N. St. John's bay. Lon. 74.
52. W. Lat. 51.2. N.
Cope Ferrato, on E. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
S. 34. E. Lat. 39. 31. N.
Cape Ferralt, or Cape Mesaff, on the coast of
Algiers. Lat. 36. 2. N.
Co^ie Ferre, on SE. coast of Martinico. Lon.
60. 40. W. Lat. 14. 30. N.
Cope Ferrol, on NW. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 57. 11. W. Lat. 51. 4. N.
Cope Feu, on E. coast of Majorca. Lon. 3.
28. E. Lat. 39. 44. N.
Cape Figalo, on the coast of Epire, at the
entrance of the gulf of Arta. Lon. 20. 32. E.
Lat. 39.20. N.
Cope Figueri, on W. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
9. 46. E. Lat 41. 8. N.

Cape Finisterre, (an. Celticum,) on NW. coast
of Spain. Lon. 9. 18. W. Lat. 42. 53. N.
Cape Fino, on the coast of Genoa. Lon. 8.
6. E. Lat. 44. 19. N.
Cape Fiseraon, on W. coast of Portugal. Lon>
9. 17. W. Lat 39.20. N.
Cope Five Fingers, on SW. coast of New-
Zealand. Lat. 45. 47. S.
Cape Flattery, on W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 124. 30. W Lat. 48. 24. N.
Cope Flattery, on NE. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 147. 0. E. Lat. 14. 56. S.
Cape Fleufieu, on W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 128. 55. W. Lat. 51. 45. N. This is sup
posed to be the same as Cape Cox.
Cape Florida, the most easterly point of East
Florida. Lon. 80. 34. W. Lat. 25. 44. N.
Cape Foggy, on an island, near S. coast of
Alashka, in the North Pacific. Lon. 202. 46. E.
Lat. 56. 31. N.
Cape Fons, on S. coast of Minorca. Lon. 4.
10. E. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Cape Formentor, NE. point of Majorca. Lon.
3. 13. E. Lat. 39. 57. N.
Cope Formosa, on the coast of Guinea, so
called, from its beautiful appearance. Lon. 5.
52. E. Lat. 5. 45. N. It is low, flat, and woody.
Cape Formosa, on the coast of Malacca ; 30
SE. Malacca.
Cape Foulweather, on W. coast of N. A. Lon.
124. 0. W. Lat. 44. 52. N.
Cope Foulwind, on NW. coast of Tavai Poe-
nammoo. Lon. 187. 51. W. Lat. 41. 55. S.
Cape Fox, on W. coast of N. America. Lon.
229. 22. E. Lat. 54. 45. N.
Cape Fox, on N. coast of Anticosti island.
Lon. 62. 10. W. Lat. 42. 29. N.
Cape Foux, on NW. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 74. 14. W. Lat. 19. 46. N.
Cape Francese, on E. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
9. 58. E. Lat. 39. 39. N.
Cape Francois, on N.point of Kerguelen's
land. Lon. 69. 5. E. Lat. 48. 40. S.
Cape Frangois, or Le Cap, called, during
Christophe's reign, Cape Henry, X. St. Domingo,
on the north coast. Lon. 72. 16. W. Lat. 19.
46. N. It was founded in 1670 ; burnt in 1792,
by the blacks ; was the last town retained by
the French in the island, but was surrendered
by them to the blacks, in 1803 ; it then became
the capital of the black emperor, Henry Chris-
tophe. Before it suffered so severely by intes
tine convulsions, it contained a number of
elegant buildings, about 900 houses of stone
and brick, and apopulation of from 8, to 12,000;
some say 20,000 ; 12,000 being slaves. It is
situated in a very fertile tract, and has one of
the most secure and convenient harbours in the
island. It is built on a cape at the edge of a
large plain, 60 miles long, and 12 broad, between
the sea and the mountains. Its situation is not
fortunate, as it is screened from the land wind
by the mountains, and thus left exposed to the
unmitigated fervour of the sun's rays. The plain
is well watered and highly cultivated. It is cut
through by straight roads, 40 feet broad, lined,
with hedges of lime and lemon trees, leading
to plantations, which produce as great a quanti
ty of sugar, as any spot of the same size in the
world.

CAP

313

CAP

Cape Frangois, (Old,) X. h cape, on N. coast
of St. Domingo. Lon. 70. 1. W. Lat. 19. 40. N.
Cope Frederick Henry, N. point of Adventure
bay, in New Holland. Lon. 147. 37. E. Lon.
42. 42. S.
Cape Freels, on E. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 53. 0. W. Lon. 49. 35. N.
Cape Frehel, on W. coast of France, 12 W.
St. Malo. Lon. 2. 13. W. Lat. 48. 38. N.
Cape Frere, on E. coast of Martinico.
Cope del Fresca, on W. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 8. 28. E. Lat. 39. 45. N.
Cope Frio, on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 41.
43. W. Lat. 22. 54. S.
Cape Fronsac, on S. coast of the island of
Cape Breton. Lon. 61. 10. W. Lat. 45. 37. N.
Cope Froward, on N. coast of the straits of
Magellan. Lon. 71. 59. W. Lat. 54. 3. S.
Cope Fry, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 88. W.
Lat. 64. N.
Cape Fullerlon, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 88.
20. W. Lat. 64. 10. N.
Cape Fumos, on the coast of Africa, in the
Indian sea. Lon. 29. 17. E. Lat 27. 30. N.
Cope Galafiguera, on S. coast of Majorca.
Lon. 2. 27. E. Lat. 39. 36. N.
Cope Galera, on the coast of S. A., in the
Spanish Main. Lon. 75. 20. W. Lat. 11. N.
Cape Galera, E. point of the island of Trini
dad. Lon. 60. 30. W. Lat. 10. 45. N.
Cape Galisano, on N. coast of Spain. Lon.
30. 40. W. • Lat. 43. 28. N.
Cape Gallant, on the coast of Patagonia, in
the straits of Magellan. Lon. 73. 29. W. Lat.
53. 40. S.
Cope Gallo, on N. coast of Sicily. Lon. 13.
2. E. Lat. 38. 17. N.
Cape Gallo, (an. Aeritas,) on S. coast of the
Morea. Lon. 21. 53. E. Lat. 36. 48. N.
Cape Garajoa, on W. coast of Africa. Lat.
2. 40. N.
Cape Garapo, France, in the Mediterranean,
about 6 S. Antibes. Lon. 7. 4. E. Lat. 43. 31. N.
Cope Gardefan, see Cape Guardafui.
Cape Gaspe, on the coast of Canada, in the
gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 63. 52. W. Lat.
48. 35. N.
Cope Goto, or Cope de Gat, (an. Charidemum,)
promontory of Spain, on the coast of Grenada,
consisting of an enormous rock of a singular
nature and appearance, 24 miles in circuit, and
13 broad. Lon. 2. 15. W. Lat. 36. 46. N. The
first object that strikes the eye is a rock 200
feet high, about 50 paces from the sea, all crys
tallized in large stones of the size of a man's
leg, with 4 or 5 plates chased one within
another, of a cinereous colour, from 8 to 14
inches long, with a large grain that will take
a good polish. In the centre of this promontory
there are 4 hills near to each other, called the
Sacristan, the Two Friars, the Captain, and the
White Mountain. The other side of the prom
ontory, beyond these 4 hills, is called El Puerto
de la Plata, where the Moorish corsairs lie
lurking for Spanish vessels.
¦Cope Gatlo, or Cape Gaela, (an. Promonlorium
Phrurium and Agrotiri,) on S. coast of Cyprus.
Lon. 33. 8. E. Lat. 34. 34. N.
Cape Gav'areea, on E. coast of Kamtchatka.
Lon. 158. 31. E. Lat. 52. 4. N.
Vol. I. 40

Ca^e George, on S. coast of Kerguelen's lana7
Lon. 70. 13. E. Lat. 49. 54. S.
Cope George, on W. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 59. 10. W. Lat. 48. 48. N.
Cape George, on N. coast 'of the island of
South Georgia. Lon. 36. 32. W. Lat 54. 17. S.
Cape George, on the coast of Peru. Lat. 23.
50. S.
Cape Ger, see Cape Aguer.
Cape Giaraf on the coast of Tripoli. Lon.
11. E. Lat. 34. N.
Cope Girardeau, co. Missouri. Pop. 5,968.
Cope Girardeau, -p-X. Cape Girardeau co. Mis
souri, on the Mississippi ; 20 above the mouth
of the Ohio, 72 below St Genevieve, W. 927.
Lat. 37. 15. N. Pop. 100.
Ca^e Girdo, see Cape Crio.
Cape Gloucester, on S. coast of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 73. 35. W. Lat. 54. 7. S.
Cope Gloucester, high promontory, on E.cbast
of New Holland. Lon. 148. 11. E. Lat. 19.
59. S.
Cape Gloucester, on the coast of Ne!w Britain.
Lon. 148. 15. E. Lat. 5. 54. S.
Cope Gondewar, on the coast of Hindoostan,
in the bay of Bengal. Lon. 82. 55. E. Lat. 16.
,55. N.
Cape Gonsalvo, see Cope Lopez Gonsalvo.
Cape Gonzalo, SE. point of Terra del Fuego.
Lat. 55. 5. S.
Cape of Good Hope, cape Si English settlement,
in S. extremity of Africa, in the countiy of the
Hottentots. Lon. 17. 36. to 2S. 17. E. Lat. 29.
55. to 34. 47. S. It is bounded N. by the river
Koussie, and the country of the Bushmen, E..
by the Great Fish River, S. and W. by the
ocean; 550 miles long, and 230 broad. It is
divided into 5 districts, viz. the Cape, Stellen-
bosch, Drakenstein, Zwellendam, and Graaf
Reynet. Pop. 61,947 ; of whom about 22,000
are whites, the rest negroes and Hottentots.
The chief town is Cape Town. The leading
feature in the aspect of the country, consists of
3 successive ranges of mountains, running par
allel to each other, and to the southern shore
of Africa. The first range is called Large
Kloof, or Long Pass ; the 2d, considerably high
er, Zwarte Berg, or Black mountains ; the, 3d,
still higher, at a distance from Zwarte Berg, of
80 or 100 miles, is called Niewveldt mountain,
and is supposed to be 10,000 feet high. The
plain between the mountains and the sea, is very
fertile and well watered, and there are other
tracts very productive. But a large proportion
of the territory is barren. The climate is gen-1
erally temperate, but subject to be deluged with
rain in the cold season, while in the hot months
scarcely a shower falls to refresh the earth, and
the dry winds become very pernicious. The
productions are wheat, barley, rye, peas, beans,
and particularly brandy and wine, which are
the staple productions. The country farther
inland is much infested with beasts of prey,
such as lions, tigers, leopards, wolves, he.
Game is plentiful, and the number of antelopes:"
and deer prodigious. Among other species of
animals are the elephant, elk, rhinoceros, gi-.
raffa, Sic A great number of beautiful and
rare birds have been found, as well as curious
plants, by naturalists, who have made it their

CAP

314

CAP

business to visit the countiy for that purpose. —
In 1806, it was taken from the Dutch by the
British. — Lon. of the cape, 18. 24. E. Lat. 33.
55. S.
Cape of Good Hope, on N. coast of New-
Guinea. , Lon. 132. 50. E. Lat. 0. 17. N.
Cope Gower, on E. coast of China. Lon. 122.
19. E. Lat. 36. 57. N.
Cape Gracias a Dias, on N. Coast of Hondu
ras. Lon. 82. 48. W. Lat. 15. N.
Cape Gracias a Bias, (False,) on the coast of
Nicaragua ; 63 S. the true Cape Gracias a Dias.
Lat. 13. 36. N.
Cape Grafton, on the coast of New Holland!
Lon. 214. 6. W. Lat. 16. 57. S.
Cape-au-Grai,X. St. Clair co. Illinois. Pop. 29.
Cape Grange, see Cope JlfonJe Christi.
Cape Gregory, on W. coast N. A. Capt. Van
couver places it Lon. 235. 50. E. Lat. 43. 23. N.
Capt. Cook, Lon. 124. W. Lat. 43. 30. N.
Cape Grenville, on NE. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 217. 38. W. Lat. 11. 58. S.
Cape Grenville, on NW. coast of N. A. Lon.
152. .0. W. Lat 57. 33. N.
Cape Greville, on E. coast of the island of
Kodiac, in the N. Pacific ocean, nearW. coast
of N. A. Lon. 208. 25. E. Lat. 57. 33. N.
Cope Grimington, on E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 61. 45. W. Lat. 58. 55.
Cape Gronesse, or Groz Nez, on NW. point of
the island of Jersey. Lon. 2. 18. W. Lat. 4.
22. N.
Cape Gros, Spain, on the coast of Catalonia.
Lon. 1.23. E. Lat. 41. 11. N.
Cope Gros, on N. coast of Minorca. Lon. 3.
51. E. Lat. 40.5. N.
Cope Groso, on E. coast of Minorca. Lon.
4. 16. E. Lat. 39. 54. N.
Cape Groso, on S. coast of Majorca. Lon. 5.
42. E. Lat. 39. 22. N.
Cape Guadel, or Goadel, Persia, in the Ara
bian sea. Lon. 62. E. Lat. 25. 12. N.
Cape Guangivi, on W. coast of Porto Rico.
Lon. 67. 45. W. Lat. 18. 11. N.
Cope Guardafui, or Gardefan, or Gardefui,
(an. Aromata, or Aromatum,) at NE. extremity
of Africa, in the Indian sea, at the entrance in
to the Arabian gulf, and straits of Babel-Man
deb. Lon. 51. 55. E. Lat. 11. 50. N. It is re
presented as a high perpendicular point.
Cope Guigan, on S. point of Samar, one of
the Philippines. Lon. 125. 3. E. Lat. 11. 10. N.
Cape Guilon, or Aguilon, on W. coast of Mo
rocco. Lon. 11. 56. W. Lat. 29. 40. N.
Cape Guiones, on the coast of Mexico, in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 9. 55. N.
Cape Gumielu, see Cape Angeli.
Cape Gyssens, on E. coast of Borneo. Lon.
118. 15. E. Lat. 1. 40. N.
Cape Hammond, S. extremity of Kays island
in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 215. E. Lat. 59.
48. N.
Cape Hamrah, or Ras-el-Hanva, (an. Pro
monlorium Hippi,) on the coast of Algiers.
Lon. 7.58. E. Lat 37. N.
Cope Hanglip, on S. extremity of Africa, and
F.. side of False bay. Lon. 18. 44. E. Lat. 34.
16. S.
Cape Harbour, N. A. on the coast of Maine,
at N. extremity of Wells bay. Lon. 70. 24. W.
Lat. 43. 18. N.

Cape Harghiah, on S. coast of Arabia, Lon ,
47. E. Lat. 13. 30. N.
Cape Harrison, on E. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 57. W. Lat. 54. 49. N.
Cape Hatteras, on the coast of North-Caroli
na. Lon. 75. 30. W. Lat. 35. 14. N. This is one
of the most remarkable and dangerous capes on
the coast of N. America.
Cape Hawke, on the coast of New Holland.
Lon. 152. 23. E. Lat. 32. 14. S.
Gape Heckla, Iceland. Lon. 19. 54. W. Lat.
63. 22. N.
Cape Hector, or James, on W. coast N. Amer
ica. Lon. 131. 7. W. Lat. 51. 57. N.
Cape Henlopen, or James, cape on the coast
of Delaware, at the mouth of Delaware bay ;
18 SW. Cape May. Lon. 75. 6. W. Lat. 36. 47.
N. Here is a lighthouse.
Cape Henrietta Maria, on W. coast of James'
bay, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 82. 30. W. Lat 55.
10. N.
Cape Henry, on E. coast of Virginia, at the
mouth of the Chesapeake; 12. S. Cape Charles.
Lon. 76. 21. W. Lat. 36. 58. N.
Cape Henry, on W. coast of Queen Char
lotte's island, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 132.
27. W. Lat. 52. 53. N.
Cope Henry, see Cape Frangois.
Cape Henslow, on S. coast of New Georgia,
Lon. 160. 38. E. Lat. 10. S.
Cope Herqui, see Cape Erqui.
Cape Herradrun, on W. coast of Panama, S.
A. Lon. 84.21. W. Lat. 9. 37. N.
Cope Higuera, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Lon. 1. 55. W. Lat. 43. 22. N.
Cope Hillsborough, on NE. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 148. 44. E. Lat. 20. 66. S.
Cape Hinchinbroke, on W. coast of N. Amer
ica, at the entrance into Prince William's sound.
Lon. 146. 16. W. Lat. 60. 15. N.
Cope Hinchinbroke, on NE. Nova Scotia.
Lon. 60.40.AV. Lat. 45. 34. N.
Cape Hog, (an. Mons Rhossus,) mountainous
headland on the coast of Syria, which form? S.
point of the bay of Alexandretta. Lon. 38. 8.
E. Lat. 36. 27. N.
Cape la Hogue, France, in the English chan
nel. Lon. 2. 2. W. Lat. 49. 46. N. In the year
1692, the English fleet, under the command of
Admiral Russel obtained a victory over the
French fleet, commanded by Tourville, off this
cape. The French lost four ships in the ac
tion ; three were destroyed the next day; and
13 more, which had taken refuge in the bay of
La Hogue, were burned by Sir Geo. Rooke.
Cope Holland, in the straits of Magellan.
Lon. 72. 34. W. Lat. 53. 57. S.
Cope Holy, in the Frozen ocean. Lon. 479.
40. E. Lat. 72. 32. N.
Cope Honduras, or Punta del Costilla, N.
America, at E. side of the gulf of Honduras.
Lon. 86. 16. W. Lat 16. N.
Cape Hone, (an. Promonlorium Magnum,)on
the coast of Algiers, called by the natives Ras
Hunneine. Lon. 1. 0. W. Lat. 35. 24. N.
Cape Hope, at the entrance of Repulse bay.
in Hudson's bay. Lon. 85. 30. W. Lat. 64. 10. N.
Cape Hope, Mass., on NW. coast of Martha's
Vineyard, with a light-house.
Cape Hope Advance, in Hudson's straits. Lon-
72. 10. W. Lat. 61. 45. N.

CAP

315

CAP

Cape Horn, on S. coast of Terro del Fuego,
and most southern extremity of S. America,
forming part of an island Belonging to the clus
ter called Hermite's Islands. Lon. 67.21. W.
Lat 55. 58. S.
Cape Horn, (False,) S. America; 9 NE.
Gape Horn.
Cape Howe, on E. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 150. E. Lat. 37.30. S.
Cope Hunter, on SW. coast of New Georgia.
Lon. 160.3, E. Lat. 9.42.N,
Cape Jackson, or Point Jackson, on the coast
of NewiHolland. Lon. 175. 10. E. Lat 40. 54. S.
Cape James, see Cape Henlopen.
Cape Janissary ; (an. Sigem»JNatolia,N.ofthe
m outh of the Mender.
Cope Jacquemel, on S. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 73. 25. W, Lat 18. 14. N.
Cope Jacques, on the coast of Chiampa, at
the mouth of the river Cambodia. Lon. 107.
30. E. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Cope Jaques, or Jask, (an. Carpella,) at the E.
extremity of the gulf of Persia, at its entrance
from the Arabian sea. Lon. 57. 30. E. Lat. 25.
49. N. It is known by a remarkable square
rock a few miles to the northward of it. This
rock bearing NNW. and SSE. you can see
.through a large hole that is on the NE. corner.
Le Brun calls it Cape 57. James.
Cape Jacquet, on the coast of Guzerat, in the
gulf of Cutch. Lon. 68. E. Lat. 23. N.
Cape Jeremie, on S. coast of Hispaniola ; 18
E. Cape Donna Maria. Lon. 74. 12 .W. Lat. 18.
16. N. Here is a town within the bay of Leo-
gane, which has considerable trade, and is in
a neighbourhood productive in coffee.
Cape Ibbetson, on NW. coast of Pitt's Archi
pelago. Lon. 229. 30. E. Lat. 54. 4. N.
Cape Icy, on W. coast of N. A., in the Fro
zen sea. Lon. 161. 42. W. Lat. 70. 29. N.
Cope Inorooniang, on N. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 117. 18. E. Lat. 6. 58. N.
Cope Infanta, on S. coast of Africa. Lon.
19. 15. E. Lat. 34. 30. S.
Cape bafreschi, in the bay of Naples. Lon.
15. 28. E. Lat. 39. 59. N.
Cape Inganno, see Cape Engano.
Cape londal, on S. coast of the island of Ivi-
ca. Lon. 1. 16. E. Lat. 38. 90. N.
Cape Jones, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 79. W.
Lat. 54. 50. N.
Cope Irois, the mostW. point of Hispaniola.
Cope Iron, on the coast of Algiers, called by
the Moors, Ras Hadeed. Lon. 7. 27. E. Lat.
36. 57. N.
Cope Island, in cape May co. N. J. ; W. 236.
Cape Juby, on W. coast of Africa, in the At
lantic. Lon. 12. W. Lat 27. 30. N.
Cope Juna, on E. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9.
54. E. Lat. 40. 8. N.
Cope Ivy, or Jibbel Diss, on the coast of Al
giers, at the mouth of the river Shelliff. Lon. 0.
20. E. Lat. 36. 20. N.
Cape Kalhat, or Cape Calhat, or Bos Kalliat,
on E. coast of Arabia. Lon. 58. 30. E. Lat. 23.
18. N.
Cape Garaganskoi, on E. coast of the Cas
pian sea. Lat. 44. 20. N.
Cope Karempi, or Karempibufun, or Cape Pi-
sello, on the coast of Natolia, in the Black sea,
Lon. 33. 10. E. Lat. 42. 20. N.

Cope Kastricum, on NE. coast of the Corn-
island, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 151. 40.
E. , Lat. 46. 30. N.
Cope Ken, see Cape Sarla.
Cape Khilli, on NE. coast of Negropont
Lon. 24. 4. E. Lat. 38. 36. N.
Cope Kidnappers, on E. coast of New Zea
land, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 182. 24. W.
Lat 39. 43. S. It is remarkable for two white
rocks like hay stacks, and high white cliffs on
each side.
Cope, (King William's,) on E. extremity of
New Guinea. Lon. 148. 5. E. Lat. 6. 45. S.
Cape Koameroo, SE. projection of land at
the entrance of Queen Charlotte's sound, on
the island of Tavai-Poenammoo, one of the
New Zealand islands. Lon. 176. 30. E. Lat.
41. 34. N.
Cape Kuriat, or Ras Kurial, on the coast of
Arabia. Lat. 57. 50. E. Lat. 23. 27. N.
Cape Lackidi, on N. coast of the island of
Milo. Lon. 24. 24. E. Lat. 36. 44. N.
Cope Ladoura, on W. coast of Cyprus. Lon.
34. 33. E. Lat. 34. 51. N.
Cape Lahou River, r. Ivory coast, which runs
into Atlantic, Lon. 5. 15. W. Lat 5. 18. N.
Cope Lahou, Africa, on the Ivory coast, with
a town of the same name near it. Lon. 5. 18.
W. Lat 5. 16. N.
Cape Lalang, on NE. coast'of Sumatra. Lon.
98. 52. E. Lat. 2. 40. N.
Cape Lanton, on S. coast of China, at the
entrance of the river Pekiang. Lon. 113. 50.
E. Lat-22. 15. N.
Cape de Larme, on S. coast of Calabria. Lon.
16. 12. E. Lat. 37. 56. N.
Cope Laslres, on N. coast of Spain. Lon. 5.
20. W. Lat 43. 33. N.
Cope Lean, or Loop Head, on the coast of
Ireland, at the mouth of the Shannon. Lon. 9.
49. W. Lat. 62. 32. N.
Cope Lebeche, on W. coast of the island of
Cabrera. Lon. 2. 51. E. Lat. 39. 8. N.
Cape Ledo, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 12.
0. E. Lat. 9. 50. S.
Cape Lentrisca, on S. coast df Ivica. Lon. 1
12. E. Lat. 38. 51. N.
Cape Leone, on the coast of Greece, in the
gulf of Engia ; 8 WSW. Athens.
Cope di Leuca, on E. coast of Naples, at the
extremity of the province of Otranto. Lon. 18
20. E. Lat. 40. 3. N.
Cape Levi, France, on W. coast in the Eng
lish channel ; 7 ENE. Cherburg.
Cape Ham, on the coast of Malacca. Lon
101. 36. E. Lat. 12. 26. N.
Cape Liconda, Africa, on the coast of Trit
poli. Lon. 18. E. Lat. 30. 52. N.
Cape Licosa, on the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Salerno. Lon. 14. 47. E. Lat. 40. 20. N.
Cape Limniti, on N. coast of Cyprus. Lon
32. 44. E- Lat. 34. 30. N.
Cape Undo, on W. coast of the island of Ce-
rigo. Lon. 40. 34. E. Lat. 36. 27. N.
Cape Linguetta, on the coast of Greece, at
the entrance of Adriatic. Lon. 19. 37 E lat
40. 42. N. '
Cope Liri, on W. coast of Sardinia ; 3 E. Cape
Caccia. r
Cape Lisburn, on W. coast of N. America.
ton. 166. 23. W. Lat, 69. 6. N.

CAP

316

CAP

Cape Lisburn, on the island of Spiritu Santo,
one of the New Hebrides. Lon. 166. 57. E.
Lat. 15.41. S.
Cape Locca, or Luco, Africa, on the coast of
Barca. in the Mediterranean. Lon. 25. 20. E.
Lat. 32. N.
Cape Lodo, or Mad Cape, on S. coast of Lou
isiana at the mouth of the Mississippi. Lon. 71.
42. W. Lat. 29. 10. N.
Cape Lognina, on E. coast of Sicily. Lon. 15.
12. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Cape Lookout, on the coast of N. Carolina.
Lon. 76. 37. W. Lat. 34. 22. N. So late as the
year 1771, this cape afforded an excellent har
bour, capacious enough for a large fleet in good
deep water ; but the basin is now filled up.
Cape Lookout, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 89. 10.
W. Lat. 55. 30. N.
Cape Lookout, on W. coast of N. America.
Lat. 45. 32. N.
Cope Lookout, on E. coast of Patagonia, in,
the Atlantic. Lat. 48. 32. S.
Cape Lookout, on W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 124. 30. E. Lat. 45. 22. N.
Cape Lopatka, at S. extremity of Kamtchatka.
Lon. 156. 45. E. Lat. 51. N.
Cape Lopez Gonsalvo, Africa, on the coast of
Benin, forming S. extremity of the gulf of Gui
nea. Lon. 9. 30. E. Lat. 1. 5. S. Near the
cape is a village where provisions may be had
in plenty.
Cape Loral, Africa, on the coast of Tripoli.
Lon. 34. E. Lat. 30. 35. N.-
Cape Louis, on W. coast of Kerguelen's Land.
Lon. 68. 18. E. Lat. 49. 2. S.
Cope Lucas, see Cape St. Lucas.
Cape Luco, see Cape Locca.
Cape Mabo, on the coast of New Guinea.
Lon. 130. 5. E. Lat. 0. 40. S.
Cope Macartney, on E. coast of China. Lon.
122. 16. E. Lat. 36. 54. N.
Cape Machiachaco, Spain, on the coast of
Biscay. Lon. 2. 49. W. Lat. 43. 36. N.
Cape Macri, on the coast of Eu. Turkey, in
N. part of the Archipelago. Lon. 26. 6. E. Lat.
40.- 30. N.
Cape Maguari, on the coast of Brazil. Lon.
49. 58. W. Lat. 0. 16. S.
Cape Mahanguin, S. extremity of the island
o/ Marindugera. Lon. 121.51. E. Lat. 13. 16.N.
Cope Mahrah, on E. coast of Arabia. Lon.
56. 45. E. Lat. 19. 15. N.
Cape Malabar, on SE. extremity of Massa
chusetts. Lon. 69. 55. W. Lat. 41. 34. N.
Cape Malalayor, or S. coast of Borneo. Lon.
114. E. Lat. 3.24. S.
Cape Malea, or St. Angelo, on S. coast of the
Morea. Lon. 23. 12. E. Lat. 36. 27. N.
Cope Maleca, or Melecca, (an. Promonlorium
Ciunnm,) on N. coast of Candia. Lon. 24. 4.
E. Lat. 35. 32. N.
Cape Manambalou, on E. coast of Madagas
car. Lon. 51. 5. E. Lat. 13. 20. S.
Cape Los Manes, on the coast of Darien. Lon.
79. 58. W. Lon. 9. 28. N.
Cape Manifold, on NE. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 209. W. Lat. 22. 43. S.
Cope Manovffi, on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 52. 22. E. Lat. 20. 6. S.
Cape Manuel, on W. coast of Africa; 15 SE.
Cape Verde. Lat 14. 46. N.

Cape Mar, Spain, on N. coast in the Atlantic,
Lon. 4. 58. W. Lat 43. 29. N.
Cope Marechaux, on S. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 73. 23. W. Lat. 18. 16. N.
Cope Maria, Van Diemen; NW. point of New
Zealand. Lon. 172. 42. E. Lat. 34. 30. S.
Cope Marpeveiro, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
12. 30. W. Lat. 38. 9. N.
Cope Marquis, on N. coast of the island of St.
Lucia.( Lon. 60. 42. W. Lat. 13. 50. N.
Cope Marrica, on SE. coast of Arabia. Lon.
56. 25. E. Lat. 18. 30. N.
Cope Marsh, on S. coast of New Georgia,
Lon. 158. 56. E. Lat. 9. 21. S.
Cope Marsalla, see Cape Boco.
Cape Martello, S. point of Negropont Lou.
24. 39. E. Lat. 38. N.
Cape Martin, Spain, on the coast of Valencia,
Lon. 0. 3. E. Lat. 38. 47. N.
Cape Martinet, on- SE. coast of Ivira. Lon. 1.
28. E. Lat. 38. 54. N.
Cape Mastico, S. point of the island of Scio.
Lon. 26. 2. E. Lat. 38. 0. N.
Cape Matala, on S. coast of Candia. Lon. 24,
54. E. Lat. 34. 48. N.
Cope Matapan, see Cape Caglia.
Cape Maias, E. coast of Patagonia. Lat. 45. S.
Cape-Matheo, on S. coast of the island of Scio.
Lon. 25. 58. E. Lat. 38. 13. N.
Cape Matraca, see Cape Mahrah.
Cape Matifou, on the coast of Algiers. Lon.
3. 45. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Cope Maurizzio, in the bay of Naples. Lon.
15. 37. E. Lat. 40. 1. N.
Cope May, co. N. J. bounded N. by Glouces
ter co., SE. by the Atlantic, and SW. by Dela
ware bay ; W. 218. Pop. in 1810, 3,632; in
1820, 4,265.
Cope May, on the coast of New Jersey, at
the mouth of the Delaware ; 18 NE. Cape Hen-
lopen. Lon. 74. 52. W. Lat. 38. 57. N.
Cope May, see Point May.
Cape Mayor, on N. coast of Spain. Lon. 3.
46: W. Lat 43. 29. N.
Cape Mayumba, on W. coast of Africa. Lat.
3. 35. S.
Cape Mayzi, or Cope Maizo, the E. point of
Cuba. Lon. 74. 4. W. Lat. 20. 14. N.
Cape Madaios, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
15. 20. W. Lat. 23. 30. N.
Cape Melle, on the coast of Genoa. Lon. 8.
2. E. Lat. 43. 57. N.
Cope Melecca, see Cape Maleca.
Cape Melvil, NW. point of Hispaniola. Lon.
60. 30. W. Lat 15. 44. N.
Cope Mendocino, N. A. on the coast of New
Albion. Lon. 124. 27. W! Lat. 40. 29. N. Off •
the cape lie some rocky islets and sunken
rocks, near a league from the shore.
Cope Merbat, on S. coast of Arabia. Lon.
53. 20. E. Lat. 17. N.
Cape Mesaff, see Cope Ferratt.
Cape Mesurado, or Mesurata, Africa, on the
coast of Tripoli. Lon. 16. 12. E. Lat. 32.21. N.
Cope Mesurado, Africa, on the coast of Gui
nea. Lon. 10. 45. W. Lat. 6. 16. N.
Cope Meyo, on E. coast of Africa. Lon. 26.
50. E. Lat. 31. S.
Cope Middle, the most westerly point of Sta:
ten Laud, in the straits of La Maire.

CAP

317

CAP

Cape Milazzo, on N. coast of Sicily. Lon. 15.
23. E. Lat. 38. 20. N.
Cape Minarzo, Spain, on W. coast of Galicia.
Lon. 9.10. W. Lat. 42. 51. N.
Cope Minorca, on E. coast of Majorca. Lon.
3. 12. E. Lat. 39. 50. N.
Cape Mirick, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 16.
20. W. Lat. 19. 15. N.
Cape Jtfiseno, (an. Misenum,) on N. side of the
gulf of Naples. Lon. 13. 52. E. Lat. 40. 48. N.
Cape Mistaken, Terra del Fuego; 9 ENE.
Cape Horn. It is the S. point qi the eastern
most of the Hermite's islands.
Cape Magandon, see Mozandem.
Cape Mohanzo, on the coast of Arabia. Lon.
67. 10. E. Lat 24. 25. N.
Cope Mola, on E. coast of Minorca. Lon. 4.
17. E.- Lat. 39. 51. N.
Cope Moncooda, NE. point of the island of
Banca. Lon. 105. 53. E. Lat. 1. 28. S.
Cope Monday, S. A. in the straits of Magel
lan. Lon. 75. 20. W. Lat. 53. 12. S.
Cope Mondego, on W. coast of Portugal. Lon.
8. 50. W. Lat. 40. 2. N.
Cope Mondego, Africa, on the Slave coast.
Lon. 3. E. Lat. 5. 50. N.
Cope Mongon, (Grand,) on the S. coast of
Hispaniola. Lon. 72. 18. W. Lat. 17. 59. N.
Cope Mongon, (Petit,) m,ost southerly point
of Hispaniola. Lon. 72. 20, W. Lat. 17. 57. N.
, Cope Monmouth, on the coast of Patagonia,
in the straits of Megellan, at the entrance of
St. Sebastian's sound.
Cope Montague, on N. part of Hudson's1 bay.
Lon. 88. W. Lat. 66. N. '
Cope Montague, on the coast of Sandwich
Land. Lon. 26. 46. W. Lat 58. 33. S.
Cope Monte, Africa, on the slave coast. Lon.
11. 10. W. Lat. 6.45. N.
Cope Monte Christi, on N. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 71. 45. W. Lat. 19. 54. N.
Cope Monte Santo, (an. Acro-Atnos,) on E.
coast of Eu. Turkey. Lon. 24. 23. E. Lat. 40.
13. N.
Cope Montpelles, on the coast of Canada, in
the river St. Lawrence. Lon. 67. W. Lat. 49.
20. N.
Cope Monze, on the coast of Sindy, W. of
the Indus. Lon. 66. 6. E. Lat. 24. 55: N.
Cope Jlforo, on W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
109. 27. E. Lat.0. 48. N.
Cape Moran, (an. Malana,) on S. coast of Per
sia, Arabian sea. Lon. 64. 50. E. Lat. 25. 14. N.
Cope Morant, or East Point, on E. coast of
Jamaica. Lon. 75. 52. W. Lat. 17. 56. N.
Cope Mararia, Spain, on the coast of Valen
cia. Lon. 0. 1. W. Lat. 38. 40. N.
Cape Moreton, on the coast of New Holland.
Lon. 153. 18. E. Lat. 26. 56. S.
Cape Mart, Eng., on the coast of Devonshire,
in the Bristol channel. Lon. 4. 55. W. Lat. 51.
13. N.
Cope Mount River, r. Africa, which rises in
Guinea, and nuis into Atlantic, N. Cape Mount.
Cope Mount, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 11.
15. W. Lat. 6. 46. N.
Cape Mozandem, or Museldom, at the en
trance of the Persian gulf. Lon. 56. ,5. E. Lat.
26. 19. N.
Cope Mulgrave, on W, coast of N. A. in the

Frozen sea. Lon. 165. 12. W. Lat. 67. 45. N.
Cope Nabend, Naban, or Nabon, on S. coast
of Persia, in the gulf of Persia. Lon. 52. 18. E.
Lat. 27. 27. N.
Cope JVa^os, or Nackouse, see Cape Tenes.
Cape Nao, Spain, on the coast of Valencia.
Lon. 0. 3. E. Lat. 38. 43. N.
Cope Nassau, on the coast of Guinea. Lon.
59. 30. W. Lat. 7. 40. N.
Cape Natal, or Cape Ambra, on N. coast of
Madagascar. Lon. 50. 15. E. Lat. 11. 22. S.
Cape Nava, Naples, on E. coast of Calabria ;
4 SSW. Cape Colonna. Lon. 17. 28. E. Lat.
39. 2. N.
Cape Nave, Spain, on W. coast of Galici'a, a
little N. Cape Finisterre. Lon. 9. 20. W. Lat.
42. 58. N.
Cape Nebo, Japan. Lon. 142. E. Lat. 39. N.
Cope Neddik, or Neddock, on the coast of
Maine. Lon. 70. 43. W. Lat. 43. 10. N.
Cape Negralao, on W. coast of Virginia. Lon.
8. 20. W. Lat. 40. 40. N.
Cope Negrais, on the coast of Ava, in the
bay of Bengal. Lon. 94. 25. E. Lat. 16. N.
Cape Negrele, Spain, on the coast of Murcia.
Lon. 0. 55. W. Lat. 37. 33. N.
Cape Negro, on E. coast of Minorca. Lon. 4.
18. E. Lat. 39. 53. N. - '.
Cape Negro, on W. coast of Corsica. Lon. 8.
39. E. Lat. 41. 45. N.
Cope Negro, on the coast of Tunis. Lon. 8.
30. E. Lat. 37. 32. N.
Cape Negro, on the coast of Benguela. Lon.
12. 20. E. Lat. 16. 5. S.
Cape Negro, on W. coast of Terra del Fuego.
Lat- 54. 5. S.
Cope Negro Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on the
coast of Africa, N. Cape Negro.
Cape JVepean, on S. coast of New Georgia.
Lon. 157. 36. E. Lat. 8. 51. S.
Cape Newenham, on W. coast of N. A. Lon.
161. 55. W. Lat. 58. 34. N.
CapeNizao, on S. coast of Hispaniola; 12
WSW. St. Domingo. Lat. 18. 8. N.
Cape Noir, on W. coast of Terra del Fuego.
Lon. 73. 33. W. Lat. 54. 30. S. It is a steep
rock of considerable height.
Cope Noir, on S. coast of the island of Milo,
Lon. 24. 22. E. Lat. 36. 47. N.
Cope Noli, on the coast of Genoa. Lon. 8.
27. E. Lat. 44. 13. N.
Cape Non, or Nun, on W. coast of Morocco.
Lon. 11. 15. W. Lat. 28. 38. N. '
Cape JVono, on W. coast of Ivica. Lon. 1.
17. E. Lat. 39. 3. N.
Cape Norfeo, Spain, on the coast of Catalo
nia. Lon. 3. 7. E. Lat. 42. 16. N.
Cape Norman, on W. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 55. 58. W. Lat 51. 42. N.
Cape North, on N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 8.
55. W. Lat. 55. 15., N.
Cope North, the most northerly point of the
island of Mageroe, and the most northerly point
of Europe, on the coast of Norway. Lon. 26
I.E. Lat. 71. 11. N.
Cope North, on the coast of Asia, in the Fro
zen ocean. Lon. 179. 9. W. Lat. 68. 56: N.
Cope North, on E. coast of S. America, form
ing the north boundary of Brazil. Lon. 56 6
W. Lat. 1. 48. N. '"

CAP

518

CAP

Cape North, N. part of the island of St. John,
in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 63. 55. W.
Lat. 47. N.
Cape North, NE. point of the island of Cape
Breton. Lon. 60. 12. W. Lat. 47. 2. N.
Cape North, Africa, on W. coast of Morocco.
Lat. 32. 45. N.
Cape North, N. extremity of New Zealand.
Lon. 172. 5. E. Lat. 34. 10. S. It is a peninsula
jutting out to the NE. about 2 miles, and ter
minating in a bluff head, flat at the top.
Cape North, NE. point of the island of Fer
nando Po. Lon. 7. 55. E. Lat. 3. 50. N.
Cape Nose, on the coast of Nubia, in the Red
sea. Lon. 35. 30. E. Lat. 23. 40. N.
Cape Notch, on the coast of Patagonia. Lon.
74. 34. W. Lat. 53. 33. S.
Cape Noto, Japan, on NW. coast of Niphon.
Lon. 137. 54. E. Lat. 37. 36. N.
Cape Nun, see Cape Non.
Cape Nympha, on S. coast of Monte Santo.
Lon. 24. 24. E. Lat. 40. 3. N.
Cape Octonia, on NE. coast of Negropont
Lon. 24. 16. E. Lat. 38. 28. N.
Cope Ogogno, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Lon. 2. 40. W. Lat. 43. 26. N.
Cape Ogurza, on E. coast of the Caspian Sea.
Lat 39. 21. N.
Cope Olaredo, see Cape del Oro.
Cape Oliver, see Cape Petra.
Cape Ommany, S. extremity of the islands in
king George III.'s Archipelago. Lon. 134. 35.
W. Lat. 56. 12. N.
Cape Oneglia, Genoa. Lon. 7. 54. E. Lat.
43. 53. N.
Cape Oonemak, on W. coast of N. America,
forming S. point of Bristol bay. Lon. 196. 10. E.
Lat. 55. 16. N.
Cope Orange, on the coast of Surinam. Lon.
52. 16. W. Lat. 4. 15. N.
Cope Orange, in the straits of Magellan, on
the coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 70. 20. W.
Lat. 52. 35. S.
Cope Orford, on SE. coast of New-Britain.
Lon. 151. 35. E. Lat. 5. 36. S.
Cape Orford, America, on the coast of New
Albion. Off it are several small rocky isles.
Lon. 235. 35. E. Lat. 42. 52. N.
Cope Orfui, or Cape d'Orfui, (an. TabaiPro-
montorium,) on SE. coast of Africa, in the In-
'dian sea. It is variously written, Orfui, d'Orfui,
Arfur, d'Arfur, Carfur, d'Affui, and Daffui.
Lon. 50. 55. E. Lat. 10. 25. N.
Cape d' Oro, (an. Promonlorium Cephareus,)
E. point of Negropont. Lon. 25. 6. E. Lat.
S8. 0. N.
Cape del Oro, or Olerado, on W. coast of Af
rica. Lon. 15. 20. W. Lat. 23. 30. N.
Cape Oropesa, Spain, on the coast of Valen
cia. Lon. 0. 1. E. Lat. 3.0. 0. N.
Cape Orlando, on N. coast of Sicily. Lon.
14. 41. E. Lat. -38. 15. N.
Cape Ortegal, (an. Trileucum,) on NW. coast
of Spain, in the Atlantic Lon. 7. 38. W. Lat.
43. 46. N.
Cape Oudia, or Capoudia, on E. eoast of
Tunis. Lon. 11.2. E. Lat. 30. 45. N.
Cope Oyambre, on N. coast of Spain. Lon.
4. 17. W. Lat. 43. 25. N.
Cape Padron, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
12. 20. E. L^at 6. S-.

Cope Palette, on S. coast of Celebes, in Bony
bay. Lon. 150. 48. E. Lat. 3. 20. S.
Cape Palinuro, on the coast of Naples. Lon.
15. 10. E. Lat. 40. 2. N.
Cope Paliuri, on the coast of Eu. Turkey, in
the gulf of Saloniki. Lon. 23. 46. E. Lat. 39.
50. N.
Cape Palliser, on E. coast of New Britain.
Lon. 151.25. E. Lat. 4. 22. S.
Cape Palliser, on S. coast of Eaheinomauwe,
the N. island of New Zealand, and NE. point
of Cook's strait. Lon. 175. 18. W. Lat. 41.
34. S.
Cape Palma, on the coast of Ancona. Lon.
13. 50. E. Lat. 43. 3. N.
Cape Palma, on W. coast of Africa, in the
country of Angoy. Lat. 5. 50. S.
Cope Palmas, Africa, on the Grain coast.
Lon. 7. 40. W. Lat. 4. 30. N.
Co^>e Palmera, on E. coast of the island of
Formentera. Lon. I. 30. E. Lat 38. 42. N.
Cape Palmero, on E. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
9. 56. E. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Cape Palmerston, on NE. coast of New-Hol
land. Lon. 210. 54. W. Lat. 21. 30. S.
Cape Palmiras, see Point Palmiras.
Cape Palo, on the coast of Albania, in the
Adriatic Lon. 19. 10. E. Lat. 41. 44. N.
Cape Polos, Spain, on the coast of Murcia.
Lon. 0. 48. W. Lat. 37. 34. N.
Cape Pantina, on N. coast of Minorca. Lon.
4. 7. E. Lat. 40. 4. N.
Cape Partridge, on NE. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 56. W. Lat. 15. 15. N.
Cape Pasme, on south coast of Persia, in the
Arabian sea. Lon. 63. E. Lat. 25. 10. N.
Cape Passao, or Passado, on the coast of Peru.
Lon. 80. 20. W. Lat. 0. 27. S.
Cope Passaro, on SE. coast of Sicily. Lon.
15. 38. E. Lat. 36. 41. N.
Cape Passaro, on the coast of California.
Lat. 24. N.
Cape Patang, on E. coast of Cochin China.
Lon. 108. 51. E. Lat. 14. 38. N.
Cope Patani, on E. coast of Malacca. Lon.
101. 56. E. Lat. 7. 10. N.
Cope Patience, on E. coast of the island of
Saghalien. Lat. 49. N.
Cape Patiera,on S. coast of Celebes, in Bony
bay. Lon. 120. 57. E. Lat. 3. 43. S.
Cape Pausilippo, in the bay of Naples ; 2 W.
Naples. Cape Pecora, on W. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
8. 27. E. Lat. 39. 27. N.
Cape Peda, on E. coast of Cyprus. Lon. 34.
55. E. Lat. 35. 30. N.
Cape Pegnas, Spain, on the coast of Asturia.
Lon. 5.53. W. Lat. 43. 41. N.
Cape Pegnas, on E. coast of Terra del Fuego.
Lon. 70. 16. W. Lat. 53. 50. N.
Cape Pelegrino, on W. coast of Lesina, in the
Adriatic. Lon. 16. 26. E. Lat. 43. 40. N.
Cape Peloro, NE. point of Sicily, at the en
trance of the straits of Messina. Lon. 16. E.
Lat. 38. 15. N.
Cope Peloso, on S. coast of the island of
Zante. Lat. 37. 50. N.
Cope Pemaquid, America, on the coast of
Maine. Lon. 69. 27. W. Lat. 43. 48. N.
Cape Pembroke, in N. part of Hudson's bay.
Lon. 82. 29. W. Lat. 62. 51. N.

CAP

319

CAP

Cape Pera, on E. coast of Majorca. Lon. 3.
27. E. Lat. 39. 42. N.
Cope Perpetua, on W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 123. 56. W. Lat. 44. 6. N.
Cope Perpignan^ on NW. coast of Minorca.
Lon. 3. 48. E. Lat. 40. 6. N.
Cape Pelera, on W. coast of Natolia. Lon.
26. 57. E. Lat. 37. 2. N.
Cope Petra, or Olivier, on S. coast of Metelin.
Lon. 26. 24. E. Lat. 39. 6. N.
Cope Phalasio, on E. coast of Negropont.
Lon. 23. 48. E. Lat. 38. 51. N.
Cape Philip, on S. coast of New Georgia.
Lon. 160. 51. E. Lat. 10. 34. S.
Cope Phipps, on W. coast of N. America, at
the entrance into Beering's bay. Lon. 140. W.
Lat. 59. 36. N.
Cape Pillar, on NW. coast of Terra del Fuego,
forming SW. point of entrance into the straits
of Magellan from the Pacific ocean. Lon. 74.
47. W. Lat. 52. 45. S. It is a very high land,
or rather a mass of rocks, which terminate in
2 cliffs formed in the shape of towers, inclining
to NW., and making' the extremity of the cape.
Cape Pinar, on NE. coast of Majorca. Lon.
3. 13. E. Lat. 39. 53, N.
Cape Pine, on S. -coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 53. 25. W. Lat. 46. 44. N.
Cope Pisello, see Cape Karempi.
Cape Pitt, on W. coast of N. A., in Dixon's
entrance. Lon. 132. 10. W. Lat. 54. 50. N.
Cape Pitt, on S. coast of New Georgia. Lon.
158. 29. E. Lat. 8. 55. S.
Cope Pittari, on W. coast of Calabria, in the
straits of Messina. Lon. 15. 59. E. Lat. 37.
59. N.
Cape Plata, Spain,'on the coast of Andalusia,
at the entrance into the straits of Gibraltar, in
the Atlantic Lon. 5. 55. W. Lat. 36. 6. N.
Cape Poge, NE. point of Chabaquiddick
island, near Martha's Vineyard, Mass. Lon. 70.
22. W. Lat. 41. 24. N.
Cope Point, on the coast of Africa. Lon. 3.
W. Lat. 23. 30. S.
Cape Polo, or Pulo, on E. coast of Sardinia,
at S. extremity of the gulf of Cagliari. Lon. 9.
20. E. Lat. 39. 8.-N.
Cope Porcupine, see Cape Blow-me-down.
Cape Porpoise, N. America, on the coast of
Maine. Lon. 70. 23. W. Lat. 49. 21. N.
Cope Porpoise, on the coast of Patagonia, in
the straits of Magellan. Lon. 71. 50. W. Lat.
62. 56. N.
Cape Portland, NE. Nova Scotia. Lon. 60.
3. W. Lat. 45. 48. N.
Cape Prieto, Spain, on the coast of Asturia.
Lon. 4. 53. W. Lat. 43. 38. N.
Cape Primiero, on W. coast of Africa, in the
Atlantic. Lon. 12. 50. E. Lat. 3. 10. S,
Cape Prince of Wales, on W. coast of N. A.
Lon. 168. 17. W. Lat. 65. 45. N.
Cope Prionino, Spain, on N. coast of Galicia.
Lon. 8. 15. W. Lat. 43. 28. N.
Cope Prioro, Spain, on coast of Galicia. Lon.
8. 15. W. Lat. 43. 33. N.
Cope Proby, NE. point of Howe's island, one
of queen Charlotte's islands, in the S. Pacific
ocean. Lon. 164. 31. W. Lat. 11. 3. S.
Cape Providence, in the straits of Magellan.
Lon. 75. 37. W. Lat. 52. 37. S.

Cope Providence, on the coast of Oonalashka,
at the entrance into Samganoodha bay, in the
N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 166. 10. W. Lat. 54.
5. N.Cape Pucalo, or St. Paul, on the Slave coast.
Lon. 3. 40. E. Lat. 5. 58. N.
Cape Puget on W. coast of N. America, and
W. point of entrance into port Bainbridge.
Lon. 212. 9. E. Lat. 59. 55. N.
Cape Pyla, (an. Dades,) on S. coast of Cy
prus. Lon. 34. 17. E. Lat. 35. 59. N.
Cape Queen Anne, on the Gold coast, with an
English fort. Lon. 1. 2. E. Lat. 5. 3. N. .
Cape Queyjos, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Lon. 3. 21. W. Lat. 43. 30. N.
Cape Quiros, on east coast of the island of
Espiritu Santo, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.
84. 58. E. Lat. 15. 44. S.
Cope Quod, or Quada, on the coast of Pata
gonia, in the straits of Magellan, Lon. 74. 6. W.
Lat. 53. 33. S.
Cape Boce, on SE. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 52. 54. E. Lat. 46. 40. N.
Cape Rafael, on E. coast of Hispaniola. Lon.
68. 53. E. Lat. 19. 2. N.
Cope Ramada, Africa, on the coast of Barca.
Lon. 25. 3. E. Lat. 32. 8. N.
Cape Romas, on the coast of Malabar. Lon.
73. 35. E. Lat. 15. 10. N.
Cope Rasal, or Rasal-sem, on the coast of
Tripoli. Lon. 21. 10. E. Lat. 32. 36. N.
Cope Rasal gal, or Rosalgate, or Rasalhat, or
Bas Rouse, on E. coast of Arabia. Lon. 60. 15.
E. Lat. 22. 35. N.
Cope Rasiculmo, on the N. coast of Sicily.
Lon. 12. 49. E. Lat. 38. 18. N.
Cope Rat, Africa, in the Red sea. Lat. 14.
55. N.
Cope Ray, SW. point of Newfoundland. Lon.
59. 15. W. Lat 47. 36. N.
Cope Raymond, on S. coast of Hispaniola. '
Lon. 73. 32. W. Lat. 18. 16. N.
Cape Razo, see Cope Boce.
Cope Regana, on W. coast of Majorca. Lon.
2. 42. E. Lat. 39. 23. N.
Cape Reikianess, on the coast of Iceland.
Lon. 22. 47. W. Lat. 63. 55. N.
Cope Remedios, on W. coast of Mexico. Lon.
93. 5. W. Lat. 12. 50. N.
Cape Reno, SE. point of the island of Skyro.
Lon. 24. 40. E. Lat. 38. 46. N.
Cade Renevate, on S. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 46. 50. E. Lat. 25.' 8. N.
Cape Resolution, near E. entrance of Hudson's
straits. Lon. 65. 15. W. Lat. 61. 29. N.
Cope Rincon, on the coast of Porto Rico.
Lon. 67. 45. W. Lat. 13. 28. N.
Cape Rivers, NW. point of Celebes. Lon. 120.
30. E. Lat. 1. 25. N.
Cape Rizzuto, on the coast of Calabria. Lon.
17. 43. E. Lat. 38. 54. N.
Cape de la Roche, on N. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 70. 35. W. Lat. 19. 42. N.
Cape Roca, on W. coast of. Portugal, called
generally by the English sailors, The Rock of
Lisbon. Lon. 9. 34. W. Lat. 38. 45. N.
Cope Roch, on E. coast of Majorca.* Lon. S.
5. E. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Cape Rodney, New Zealand, being the NW.
point of the' entrance into the Thames. Lon.
184. 53. W. Lat. 36. 15. S.

CAP

320

CAP

Cape Rodney, see Point Rodney.
Cape Rodoni, on the coast of Albania, in the
Adriatic. Lon. 19. 16. E. Lat. 41. 55. N.
Cope Rokit, on N. coast of Africa, at the en
trance into the straits of Babelmandeb ; 60 W.
Cape Guardafui.
Cope Romain, on S. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 49. 29. E. Lat. 25. 38. S.
Cape Roman, on W. coast of East Florida.
Lon. 81.49. W. Lat. 25. 40. N.
Cape Roman, on the coast of Chili, in the S.
Pacific ocean. Lon. 67. 40. W. Lat. 48. 20. S.
Cape Roman, see Cape St. Roman.
Cape Roman, on the coast of South Carolina.
Lon. 79. 6. W. Lat. 33. 3. N.
Cape Romania, SE. point of Malacca. Lon.
104. 15. E. Lat. 1. 18. N.
Cape Rond, on W. coast of N. America. Lon.
123. 48. W. Lat. 45. 43. N.
Cape Roque, on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 35.
40. W. Lat 5. S.
Cope Boso, on the coast of Algiers. Lon. 8.
5. E. Lat. 37. 2. N.
Cape Rosalgate, see Rasagat.
Cape Rosani, on the coast of Romania, in the
Grecian ArchipelagOi Lon. 24. 14. E. Lat 40.
35. N.
Cope Rose, on W. coast of Hispaniola. Lon.
74. 12. W. Lat. 18. 43. N.
Cope Rosieres, Maine, in Penobscot bay.
Cape Rosieres, Canada, in the river St. Law
rence. Lon. 63. 54. W. Lat. 48. 56. N.
Cape Rosito, on E. coast of Calabria. Lon.
16. 40. E. Lat. 40. 5. N.
Cape Rosso, on E. coast of the island of Me-
telin. Lat 39. 18. N.
Cape Rouge, or Bos el Hamrah, on the coast
of Algiers. Lon. 7. 42. E. Lat. 37. 5. N.
Cope Rouge, on NE. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 71.45. W. Lat: 20. N.
Cope Round, on the coast of Patagonia, in
the straits of Magellan. Lon. 71. 32. W. Lat.
53. 47. S.
Cope Roux, Africa, on the coast of Tunis.
Lon. 8. 22. E. Lat. 37. 10. N.
Cape Roxo, on SW. coast of Porto Rico.
Lon. 65. 50. W. Lat. 18. 1. N.
Cape Roxo, Spain, on the coast of Valencia.
Lon. 0. 50. W. Lat. 37. 53. N.
Cape Roxo, SE. point of a small island in the
gulf of Mexico, lying before the niouth of the
river Panuco. Lon. 100. 1 1. W. Lat. 22. 30. N.
Cape Roxo, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 16.
45. W. Lat. 12. 16. N.
Cape Rozett, on W. coast of France. Lon.
2. 0. W. Lat. 49. 28. N.
Cape Rozier, on the coast of Canada, in the
gulf of St. Lawrence ; 9 W. Cape Gaspe.
Cape Rubin, on NW. coast of Iviea. Lon. 1.
21. E. Lat. 39. 5. N.
Cope Runaway, on E. coast of New Zealand.
Lon. 181. 48. W. ' Lat. 37. 32. S.
Cope Ruyperez, on W. coast of Africa. Lat.
18. 20. S.
Cape Sable, on S. coast of Nova Scotia. Lon.
65. 32. W. Lat. 43. 26. N.
Cope Soo/e, S. point of East Florida. Lon.
81. 45. W. Lat. 24. 57. N.
Cape Sacralif, Spain, on the coast of Grena
da. Lon. 3. 20. W. Lat. 36. 40. <H.

Cape St. Agnes, ,on the coast of Patagonia.
Lon. 66. 35. W. Lat. 53. 54. S. ,
Cope St. Al'essio, on E. coast of Sicily. Lon.
15. 38. E. Lat. 37. 50. N.
Cape St. Andrew, on W. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 45. 26. E. Lat. 16. 10. S.
Cope St. Andrew, on E. coast of Patagonia.
Lon. 60. 18. W. Lat. 38. 45. S.
Cape St. Angelo, see Cape Malio.
Cape St. Ann, on the coast of Nova Scotia,
near the mouth of the river St. Lawrence.
Lon. 63. 43. W. Lat. 48. 29. N. ,
Cope St. Ann, in the straits of Magellan.
Lon. 71. 28. W. Lat. 53. 42. S.
Cope St. Ann, (an. Noti Cornu,) on W. Coast
of Africa, at the mouth of the Scherbro. Lat
7. 5. N.
Cope St. Anna, on E. coast of Patagonia, in
the Atlantic. Lat. 37. 8. S.
Cope St. Anthony, on E. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 56. W. Lat. 51. N.
Cope St. Anthony, NW. point of Staten Land,
in the straits of Le Maire. Lon. 63. 47. W.
Lat. 54. 46. S.
Cope St. Anthony, on south coast of Arabia.
Lon. 44. 43. E. Lat. 12. 32. N.
Cade SI. Antonio, on the coast of Valencia.
Lon. 0. 1. E. Lat. 38. 50. N.
Cape St. Antonio, on E. coast of S. America,
on S. of the river Plata. Lon. 55. 45. W. Lat.
36. 30. N.
Cape St. Antonio, W. extremity of Cuba.
Lon. 85. 26. W. Lat. 22. 10. S.
Cape St. Antonij, on NW. coast of Staten
Land. Lat. 54. 45. S.
Cape St. Antonio, N. point of Rhodes. Lon.
27. 45. E. Lat. 38. 28. N.
Cope St. Apollonia, see Cope Apollonia.
Cape St. Augustine, on W. coast of Madagas
car. Lon. 47. 4. E. Lat. 23. 35. S.
Cape St. Augustine, on SE. coast of Minda
nao. Lon. 126. 27. E. Lat. 6. 5. N.
Cope St. Augustine, Brazil. Lon. 35. 5. W.
Lat. 8. 48. S.
Cape St. Barnabas, on SE. coast of an island,
called Kodiak, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon.
152. 40. W. Lat. 57. 13. N.
Cape St. Bartholomew, on SW. coast of Staten
Land. Lat. 54. 58. S.
Cope St. Bartolomo, on W. coast of N- A.
Lon. 133. 58. W. Lat 55. 12. N.
Cape St. Bias, on the coast of the isthmus of
Darien. Lon. 79. 14. W. Lat. 9. 36. N.
Cape St. Bias, or Blaz, on the coast of Flori
da, in the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 85. 35. W.
Lat. 29. 36. N.
Cope St. Bias, on W. co'ast of Africa. Lat.
10. S.
Cope St. Catalina, on SW. coast of the island
of Madre de Dios. Lat. 51. 30. S.
Cope St. Catherine, on W. coast of Africa.
Lat. 2. 20. S.
Cape St. Clara, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
11. 15. E. Lat. 0. 30. N.
Cape St. Diego, the low point of land that
forms N. entrance of the straits of Le Maire.
Lon. 65. 14. W. Lat. 54. 33. S.
Copg St. Epiphany, or St. Pisano, (an. Aca-
mus,) NW. point of Cyprus. LGn. 32. 13. E.
Lat. 35. 25. N.

CAP

321

CAP

Cape St. Esprit, NE. point of Sam&r, one of
the Philippines. Lon. 124. 56. E. Lat. 12.
30. N.
Cape St. Francis, Newfoundland, S. the en
trance into Conception bay. Lon. 52. 25. W.
Lat. 47. 54. N.
Cape St. Francis, on E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 55. 28. W. Lat. 52. 45. N.
Cape St. Francisco, on the coast of Peru.
Lon. 79. 52. W. Lat. 0. 40. N.
Cape St. George, on W. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 59. W. Lat. 48. 30. N.
Cape St. George, S. extremity of the island
of New Ireland. Lon. 152. 21. E. Lat. 5. S.
Cope St. Giacome, Naples, in the gulf of Ta-
rento, on the coast of Calabria. Lon. 17. 13. E.
Lat. 39. 39. N.
Cope St. Giorgio, W. extremity of the island
of Curzola. Lon. 16. 42. E. Lat. 43. 21. N.
Cope St. Gregory, on the coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 58. 23. W. Lat. 49. 20. N.
Cape St. Helen, or Cape Redondo, S. Ameri
ca, in the Atlantic. Lon. 67. 34. W. Lat. 44.
20. S.
Cope St. Helena, on E. coast of the island of
Scio. Lon. 26. 9. E. Lat. 38. 19. N.
Cope St. Helena, on E. coast of Potagonia.
Lat. 44. 40. S.
Cope St. Hermogenes, on W. coast of N. A.
Lon. 207. 42. E. Lat. 58. 15. N.
Cape St. Jago, on the coast of Terra del Fu
ego. Lon. 75. 30. W. Lat. 50. 54. S.
Cope St. James, S. extremity of queen Char
lotte's island. Lon. 229. 6. E. Lat. 51. 58. N.
Cape St. James, on the coast of Chiampa,
in the Chinese sea. Lon. 106. 43. E. Lat. 10.
32. N.
Cape St. Ines, on E. coast of Terra del Fuego.
Lat. 54. 16. N.
Cope St. John, E. point of the island of Sta
ten Land, in the S. Atlantic ocean, E. of the
straits of La Maire. It is composed of a rock
of considerable height, and a rocky islet ly
ing close to N. part. Lon. 64. 7. W. Lat. 54.
46. S.
Cape St. John, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
10. 8. E. Lat. 1. 13. N.
Cope St. John, on NE. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 65. 30. W. Lat. 50. 10. N.
Cope St. John, NE. point of the island of Ni-
caria. Lon. 26. 21. E. Lat. 37. 48. N.
Cape St. John, on E. coast of Rhodes. Lon.
27. 37. E. Lat. 36. 9. N.
Cape St. John, see Cape Crio.
Cape St. Julien, on E. coast of Patagonia, at
the entrance of St. Julien's bay.
Cape St. Lawrence, on NW. coast of the isl
and of Cape Breton. Lon. 60. 10. W. Lat. 47.
2. N.
Cape St. Lawrence, on the isthmus of Darien,
in the bay of Panama. Lon. 80. 25. W. Lat.
7. 40. N.
Cope St. Laurence, or St. Lorenzo, on the
coast of Peru ; 18 S. Callao.
Cope St. Louis, on E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 55. 20. W. Lat. 52. 35. N.
Cope St. Lorenzo, on the coast of Peru. Lon.
80. 43. W. Lat. 1.4. S.
Cope St. Lorenzo, on E. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 9. 53. E. Lat. 39. 34. N.
Vol. I, 41

Cape St. Lucas, see Cape Lucas, the most
southerly point of land, on the peninsula of
California. Lon. 109. 54. W. Lat. 22. 44. N.
Cope St. Lucia, SE. coast of Africa. Lon.
28. 8. E. Lat. 28. 31. S.
Cope St. Lucia, on SW. coast of Patagonia.
Lon. 75. 12. W. Lat. 51. 25. S.
Cape St. Marco, on S. coast of Sicily. Lon.
13.5. E. Lat. 37. 29. N.
Cape St. Marco, on W. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 8. 35. E. Lat. 39. 52. N.
Cope St. Maria, on the coast of Brazil, N. the
mouth of Plata. Lon. 37. 46 W. Lat. 35. S.
Cope St. Mark, on W. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 73. 35. W. Lat. 19. 3. N.
Cape St. Martin, on S. coast of Africa, near
the Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 18. 58. E. Lat.
32. 8. S.
Cape St. Martin, (an. Promontorium Hemo-
roscopium,) on E. coast of Spain, near Denia.
Cape St. Mary, on S. coast of the island of
Caes. Lon. 7. 4. W. Lat. 36. 56. S.
Cope St. Mary, Newfoundland. Lon. 53. 40.
W. Lat. 46. 52. N.
Cape St. Mary, on W. coast of Natolia. Lon.
27. 3. E. Lat. 37. 37. N.
Cape St. Mary, on S. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 45. 15. E. Lat. 25. 42. S.
Cape 47. Mary, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
16. 35. W. Lat. 13. 20. N.
Cape St. Mary, on the coast of Brazil, at the
mouth of the Plata. Lon. 55. 16. W. Lat. 35. S.
Cope St. Mary, on W. coast of Nova Scotia.
Lon. 66. 15. W. Lat. 43. 56. N.
Cope St. Maryde Leuca, Naples, at NE. point
of the entrance into the gulf of Tarento. Lon.
18. 26. E. Lat. 39. 45. N.
Cape St. Mary, on the coast of New Ireland.
Lon. 152. 41. E. Lat. 4. 32. S.
Cope St. Mary, on SE. coast of the island of
Metelin. Lat. 39. 8. N.
Cape St. Nicholas, on NW. coast of Hispani
ola. Lon. 73. 27. W. Lat. 19. 51. N. Two
leagues east of the cape is a town, called the
Mole, or Cape St. Nicholas. See Mole, The.
Cape St. Nicolo, on NW. coast of the island
of Scio. Lon. 25. 44. E. Lat. 38. 40. N.
Cape St. Nicolo, on W. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 8. 28. E. Lat. 39. 25. N.
Cope St. Paul, on the coast of Guinea. Lon.
1. 20. E. Lat. 5. 50. N.
Cape St. Pedro, Spain, on the coast of Cata
lonia. Lon. 1. 40. E. Lat. 41. 15. N.
Cape St. Pisano, see Cape St. Epiphany.
Cape St. Pola, or St. Paul, Valencia. Lon.
0. 38. W. Lat. 38. 13. N.
Cape St. Raphael, at E. end of St. Domingo,
the SE. limit of Samana bay ; 20 SE. Cape
Samana. Lon. 68. 53. W. Lat. 19. 4. N.
Cape St. Remo, on E. coast of the island of
Milo. Lon. 24. 33. E. Lat. 36. 10. N.
Cape St. Rocca, on W. coast of the island of
Elba. Lon. 10. 15. E. Lat. 42. 45. N.
Cope St. Remain, see Cape Romain.
Cape St. Roman, S. A., at the extremity of a
peninsula, on the coast of Terra Firma, extend
ing about 30 m. in length, N. of the town of
Venezuela, and about 15 in breadth. Lon. of
the cape, 69. 58. W. Lat. 11. 12. N.
Cope St. Roque, on the coast of Brazil. Lon
34. 46. W. Lat'. 5. 21. S.

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Cape St. Sebastian, on the coast of California.
Lon. 126. W. Lat. 43. N.
Cape St. Sebastian, on N. coast of Madagas
car. Lon. 49. 44. E. Lat. 12. 30. S.
Ca^e St. Sebastian, on E. coast of Africa.
Lon. 33. 20. E. Lat. 22. S.
Cape St. Sebastian, Spain, on E. coast of
Catalonia. Lon. 3. 22. E. Lat. 42. 3. N.
Cape St. Telia, on S. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
9. 20. E. Lat. 39. 20. N.
Cope St Thomas, on the coast of Brazil.
Lon. 41. W. Lat. 21. 50. S.
Cape St. Todero, on W. coast of Sicily. Lon.
12. 39. E. Lat. 37. 57. N.
Cope St. Vincent, SW. point of Portugal.
Lon. 9. 5. W. Lat. 37. 2. N.
Cope St. Vincent, on W. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 43. 37. E. Lat. 21. 46. S.
Cape St. Vincent, on E. coast of Terra del
Fuego. Lat. 54. 25. S.
Cope di St. Vito, NW. point of Sicily. Lon.
12. 50. E. Lat. 38. 17. N.
Cape St. Zuane, on N. coast of the island of
Candia. Lon. 25. 41. E. Lat. 35. 15. N.
Cape Salanken, on S. coast of Celebes, in
Bony bay. Lon. 120. 48. E. Lat. 4. 15. S.
Cope Salatan, on S. coast of Borneo. Lon.
114. E. Lat. 4. 10. S.
Cope Salinas, on S. coast of Majorca. Lon.
3. 0. E. Lat. 39. 16. N.
Cape Salinas, on N. coast of S. A. Lon. 62.
16. W. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Cape Salinas, or di Salines, see Point de Sa
lines. Cape Salou, Spain, on SE. coast of Catalo
nia. Lon. 1. 6. E. Lat. 41. 6. N.
Cope Samana, at E. end of the island of Sa
mana. Lon. 69. 11. W. Lat. 19. 13. N.
Cope Sambhar, on SW. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 109. 50. E. Lat. 2. 52. S.
Cape Samboangan, on SW. coast of Minda
nao. Eon. 122. 10. E. Lat. 6. 43. N.
Cope Sambro, on SE. coast of Nova Scotia.
Lon. 63. 32. W. Lat. 44. 30. N. On it is a light
house. Cape Samos, W. point of the island of Samos.
Lon. 26. 33. E. Lat. 37. 47. N.
Cope Sampanmango, NW. point of Borneo.
Lon. 116. 52. E. Lat. 7. N.
Cape Sanchelle, on the coast of Portugal ; 2
SE. Cape Roca.
Cape Sandana, on NE. point of Java. Lon.
114. 35. E. Lat 7. 40. S.
Code Sanderrocel, on S. coast of Majorca.
Lon. 2. 40. E. Lat 39. 27. N.
Cope Sandy, on E. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 206. 5. W. Lat. 24. 45. S.
Cope Sandwich, on NE. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 213. 45. W. Lat. 18. 28. S.
Cape Sarta, or Cope Ken, or Rasel Chan, on
S. coast of Persia, in the Persian gulf. Lat. 28.
12. N.
Cape Sassoso, (an. Promonlorium Dion,) on N.
coast of Candia. Lon. 25. 7. E. Lat. 35. 35. N.
Cape Satalan, on S. coast of Borneo. Lon.
114. 50. E. Lat. 4.13. S.
Cape Saunders, on the coast of the island of
S. Georgia. Lon. 36. 57. W. Lat 54. 10: S.
Cope Saunders, New Zealand, on S. coast of
the island of Tavai-Poe-nammoo. Lon. 170.
30. E. Lat. 45. 55. S.

Cape Scaranus, on S. coast of Sicily. Lon,
14. 24. E. Lat. 36. 33. N.
Cape Sciglio, (an. Scylla,) on W. coast of Na
ples, at the entrance into the straits of Messina.
Lon. 16. 1. E. Lat. 38. 12. N.
Cape Scot, on NW. coast of Quadra and Van
couver's island. Lon. 128. 20. E. Lat. 50.48.N.
Cape Segundo, on W. coast of Africa. Lon.
13. 20. E. Lat 3. 40. S.
Cape Serdze Kamen, on NE. coast of Russia.
Lon. 171. 49. W. Lat. 67. 10. N.
Cape Serra, Algiers. Lon. 9. 20. E. Lat 37.
18. N.
Cape Serraina, on S. coast of Sardinia. Lon.
9.31. E. Lat. 39. 23. N.
Cape Serras, on S. coast of Africa. Lon. 23.
45. E. Lat. 33. 45. S.
Cape Serras, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 14.
10. E. Lat. 21. 45. S.
Cape Shallow-Water, on W. coast of N. A.
Lon. 162. 50. W. Lat. 63. 8. N.
Cape Shoalwater, on W. coast of N. A. Lon.
236. E. Lat. 46. 42. N.
Cope Shutup, in the straits of Magellan. Lon.
71. 32. W. Lat. 53. 54. S.
Cope Sidari, or Sidero, N. extremity of the
island of Corfu. Lon. 19. 52. E. Lat. 37. 53. N.
Cape Sidero, NE. extremity of the island of
Candia. Lat. 35. 22. N.
Cape Sydney, on coast of New Georgia. Lon.
161. 7. E. Lat. 10. 48. N.
Cope Sigri, NW. point of the island of Mete-
lin. Lat. 39. 26. N.
Cope Sihel, the most westerly point of Ce-
ram, one of the Moluccas. Lon. 126. 50. E.
Lat. 4. S.
Cape Silleyro, Spain, on W. coast of Galicia.
Lon. 8. 54. W. Lat. 42. 7. N.
Cope Sina, on E. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9.
58. E. Lat. 40. 7. N.
Cope Sisar, on NW. coast of Borneo. Lon.
112. 20. E. Lat. 3.40. N.
Cape Sitoe, on W. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
97. 11. E. Lat. 2. 12. N.
Cope Skillo, or Cope Damela, on E. coast of
Greece. Lon. 23. 36. E. Lat. 37. 26. N.
Cape Small Point, on the coast of Maine,
forming the eastern limits of Casco bay. Lon.
69. 52. W. Lat. 43. 40. N.
Cope Smith, on E, coast of Hudson's bay.
Lon. 79. 40. W. Lat. 61. N.
Cope Smoaky, on E. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 153. 5. E. Lat. 30. 43. S.
Cope South, S. point of New-Zealand, in S.
Pacific ocean. Lon. 167. 25. E. Lat. 47. 20. S.
Cape South, on W. coast of Morocco. Lat. 32.
30. N.
Cope South, S. extremity of New Holland.
Lon. 146. 56. E. Lat. 43. 42. S.
Cape South-West, on S. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 146. 7. E. Lat. 43. 37. S.
Cope Southampton, in N. part of Hudson's
bay. Lon. 86. 3. W. Lat. 62. 10. N.
Cape Spada, on E. coast of Hispaniola. Lon.
67. 56. W. Lat 18. 20. N.
Cape Spada, (an. Promontorium Psacum,) on
W. coast of Candia. Lon. 23. 58. E. Lat. 35.
47. N.
Cope Sparlel, (an. Ampelusia,) Africa, at the
entrance of the straits of Gibraltar, between

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323

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Arzilla and Tangier. Lon.5.57.W. Lat.35.46,N.
Cope Sparlivento, at SE. extremity of Cala
bria Ultra. Lon. 16. 48. E. Lat. 37. 57. N.
Cope Spati, N. point of the island of Cerigo.
Lon. 22. 49. E. Lat 36. 34. N.
Cape Spear, on E. coast of Newfoundland.
Lon. 52. 13. W. Lat. 47. 34. N.
Cope Spencer, on W. coast of N. A. formerly
W. point of entrance into Cross sound. Lon.
65. 4. W. Lat. 58. 13. N.
Cope Stadt, on the coast of Norway. Lat. 62.
10. N.
Cape Stephens, on the coast of New Zealand,
in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 174. 5. E. Lat.
40. 36. S.
Cope Slepliens, on E. coast of New Britain.
Lon. 151. E. Lat. 3. 55. S.
Cape Stephens, on W. coast of N. A. in the
N.Pac ocean. Lon. 162. 17. W. Lat. 63.33. N.
Cape Stiga, on W. coast of Natolia. Lat. 39.
18. N,
Cope Slilo, Naples, on E. coast of Calabria.
Lon. 17. 12. E. Lat 38. 30. N.
Cape Storm, see Cope Tormenlin.
Cape Straki, on the coast of Egypt Lon. 33.
43. E. Lat. 31.5. N.
Cope Subiba, Spain, on the coast of Murcia.
Lon. 1.20. W. Lat. 37. 30. N.
Cape Success, or Cape Good Success, on S.
coast of Terra del Fuego, in the straits of La
Maire. Lon. 66. 14. W. Lat. 54. 58. S.
Cape Suckling, on W. coast of N. America.
Lon. 216. 19. E. Lat. 60. 1. N.
Cape Sugaar, N^ . point of Niphon. Lon. 140.
40. E. Lat. 41. 30. N.
Cope Suliago, N. point of Mindanao. Lon.
125. 35. E. Lat. 9. 51. N.
Cope Swaine, on W. coast of N. America,
and NW. point of entrance into Milbank's
sound. Lon. 231. 40. E. Lat. 52. 13. N.
Cape Sweepstakes, in the straits of Magellan.
Lon. 71. 24. W. Lat. 52: 50. S. '
Cope Table, on E. coast of New Zealand.
Lon. 181. 36. W. Lat. 39. 7, N.
Cope Table, on W. coast of Madagascar. Lon.
47. 5. E. Lat. 16. S.
Cope Taboa, on W. coast of Madagascar. Lat.
16. 20. S.
Cope Tache, on SW. coast of Natolia. Lon.
27. 28. E. Lat. 36. 24. N.
Cope Tagrim, see Cope Ledo.
Cape Talabo, on W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
123. 57. E. Lat. 0. 50. S.
Cope Talcuguano, on the coast of Chili. Lat.
37. S.
Cape Talhado, on S. coast of Africa. Lon.
23. 9. E. Lat. 34. S.
Cape Tamar, in the straits of Magellan, 18
miles from Cape Upright Lon. 75. 40. W. Lat.
52. 51. S.
Cape Tandjong, on W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
112. 45. E. Lat. 5. 24. N.
Cope Talman, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 90. 25
W. Lat. 57. 40. N.
Cope Tavalaro, at S. extremity of Sardinia.
Lon. 8. 27. E. Lat. 38. 53. N.
Cope Taymour, or Taimur, on the coast of Sibe
ria, in the Frozen ocean. Lat. 77.N. Allattempts
to double it have hitherto proved ineffectual.
Cape Teerawhitte, forming S. point of the

isle of Eaheinomauwe, in Cook's strait. Lon.
184. 12. W. Lat. 41. 21. S.
Cope Telling, on NW. coast ot Ireland. Lon.
10. 7. W. Lat. 54. 40. N.
Cope Temendfuse, on the coast of Algiers.
Lon. 3. 35. E. Lat. 37. 15. N.
Cope Temoel, or Point Samso, on W. coast
of Celebes, on the line. Lon. 119. 25. E.
Cope Tenes, on the coast of Algiers. Lon.
1. 10. E. Lat. 36. 36. N.
Cope Tengo, on E. coast of Naples. Lon. 16.
10. E. Lat. 41. 47. N.
Cope Teresi, on S. coast of Cyprus. Lon. 34.
36. E. Lat. 34. 50. N.
Cope Tetuan, on the coast of Fez. Lon. 5.
31. W. Lat 35. 30. N.
Cape Three Forks, on the coast of Fez. Lon.
2. 50. W. Lat. 35. 30. N.
Cope Three Points, on the'coast of Morocco.
Lon. 2. 35. W. Lat. 35. 30. N.
Cope Three Points, on E. coast of America,
in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 90. 16. W. Lat.
15. 56. N.
Cape Three Points, on N. coast of S. A. Lon.
62. 56. W. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Cape Three Points, on E. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 152. E. Lat. 33. 30. S.
Cape Three Points, Africa, on the coast of
Guinea. Lon. 2. 26. W. Lat. 4. 40. N.
Cape Three Points, on E. coast of Patagonia.
Lat. 49. 50. S.
Cope Tiburon, on the coast of S. A. at the
entrance of the gulf of Darien. Lon. 77. 10.
W. Lat. 9. 25. N.
Cope Tiburon, on SW. coast of Hispaniola.
Lon. 74. 29. W. Lat. 18. 20. N.
Cope Tignoso, Spain, on the coast of Murcia.
Lon. 1.16. W. Lat. 37. 30. N.
Cape Togrin, at the mouth of the river Sier
ra Leone.
Cape Tolabo, on E. coast of Celebes. Lon.
122. 50. E. Lat. 0. 45. S.
Cope Tontoral, on the coast of Chili. Lat.27.
30. S.
Cape Torment, on the coast of Canada; 24
below Quebec.
Cope Tormenlin, or Cape Storm, oh SE. coast
of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Cape Torres, Spain, on the coast of Asturia.
Lon. 5. 44. W. Lat. 43. 37. N.
Cape Tortosa, Spain, on the coast of Catalo
nia. Lon. 0. 47. E. Lat. 40. 40. N.
Cope Tosto, on N. coast of Spain. Lon. 9.
10. W. Lat. 43. 13. N.
Cape Tourina, Spain, on W. coast of Galicia.
Lon. 9. 20. W. Lat. 43. 3. N.
Cape Town, capital of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lon. 18. 23. E. Lat. 34. 29. S. Pop. in
1818, 18,173 ; of whom 7,460 were whites ;
1,905 free blacks ; 810 apprentices ; 536 Hot
tentots ; 7,462 slaves. It is agreeably situated,
rather above 30 miles from the Cape of Good
Hope, properly so called, at the head of Table
bay, in a valley, between the Table and Lion
mountains. It is defended by a castle of con
siderable strength, and contains a court-house,
a guard-house, a Calvinistic church, a Lutheran
church, a theatre, and 1,145 houses ; many of
which are magnificent. The tone of society is
wholly commercial, the minds of all classes be-.

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ing bent on trade. There is not a public school,
nor a bookseller's shop in the town. The streets
are broad, but ill-paved. Provisions are|jvery
reasonable. The town is well supplied with
springs of excellent water, sufficient also for
the ships which call at the port. The harbour
is tolerably secure from September to May,
while the SE. winds prevail ; during the rest
of the year, when the wind blows generally
from the N. and NW., ships are obliged to re
sort to False bay, on the opposite side of the
peninsula. — A missionary is supported here by
the London Missionary society.
Cape Townshend, on NE. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 209. 43. W. Lat. 22. 15. S.
Cape Townshend, see Vermillion Point.
Cape Trafalgar, Spain, on the coast of An
dalusia. Lon. 6. 8. W. Lat. 36. 10. N. On the
21st of October, 1805, the British fleet, com
manded by Lord Nelson, obtained a complete
victory over the combined fleets of France and
Spain off this cape. Nelson lost his life in the
action. Cape Traitors, on NE. coast of the island of
Erromango, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 169.
20. E. Lat. 18. 43. S.
Cape Tranquillo, S. point of Rhodes. Lon.
27. 30. E. Lat. 36. 5. N.
Cope Trapani, (an. Drepanum Promontorium,)
on N. coast of Candia; 14 W. Retimo.
Cape Tres Monies, on the coast of Chili. Lon.
-75. 16. W. Lat. 46. 58. S.
Cape Tres Forcas, see Cape Three Forks.
Cape Trevanion, NW. extremity of the island
ofTrevanion. Lon. 164. 52. E. Lat. 10. 39. S.
^Cape Tribulation, on NE. of New-Holland.
Lon. 145. 21. E. Lat. 16. 6. S.
Cope Trinity, on S. coast of the islands of
Kodiak, in N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 154. 26. W.
Lat. 56. 45. N.
Cape Trionto, on the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Tarento. Lon. 16. 57. E. Lat. 39. 48. N.
Cope Trispyrgoi, on the coast of Livadia.
Lon. 23. 29. E. Lat. 36. 53. N.
Cope Trompeur, see Cape Engano.
Cape Troun, on N. coast of Staten island, in
N.Pacific ocean. Lon. 148. 10. E. Lat. 45. 30. N.
Cope Trullo, NW. point of the island of My-
coni. Lon. 25. 19. E. Lat. 37. 28. N.
Cape Tschukotskoi, on the E. extremity of
Asia. Lon. 171. 24. W. Lat. 64. 13. N.
Cape Turn-again, on E. coast of New Zea
land. Lon. 177. 0. W. Lat. 40. 34. S.
Cape Tusishan, on E. coast of Tunis. Lon. 11.
E. Lat 36. 26. N.
Cape Vaca, Spain, on the coast of Asturia.
Lon. 5. 47. W. Lat. 43. 36. N.
Cape Vacas, on S. coast of Africa. Lon. 21.
32. E. Lat. 34. 30. S.
Cape Vandeput, on W. coast of N. A. and E.
point of Prince Frederick's sound. Lon. 227.
12. E. Lat. 67. 5. N.
Cape Vani, on N. coast of the island of Milo.
Lon. 24. 20. E. Lat. 36. 46. N.
Cope Valicano, on W. coast of Calabria Ultra.
Lon. 16. 52. E. Lat 38. 40. N.
Cope Ubarco, on NW. coast of Iviija. Lon. 1.
18. E. Lat. 39. 5. N.
Cape Vedra, Spain, on the coast of Galicia.
Lon. 8. 51. W. Lat. 42. 19. N.

Cape de la Vela, on N. coast of S. A. LoTi,
71.46. W. Lat. 11. 50. N.
Cape Venere; see Capo di Venere.
Cape Ventoso, on NE. coast of the island of
Cabrera, in the Mediterranean. Lon. 2. 65. E.
Lat. 39. 10. N.
Cape Venus, on the coast of Otaheite. Lon.
149. 36. W. Lat. 17. 29. N.
Cape Verde, (an. Arsenarium,) on W. coast
of Africa. Lon. 17. 31. W. Lat. 14. 44. N.
Cape Verde Islands, islands of Africa, in the
Atlantic, so called from Cape Verde opposite to
which they are situated ; 390 W. Cape Verde,
and between 15 and 18 degrees N. Lat. As to
their number, some reckon 10, others 14 or
more, by giving the name of islands to those
which are only rocks. They are in general
mountainous ; the lower hills are covered with
a beautiful verdure, as well as the extensive
valleys between ; but with little water, except
what is found in ponds and wells. They are
said to have been, and probably were known
to the ancients, under the name of Gorgades.
The air is extremely hot and unwholesome ;
it rarely rains, and the ground is so hot that
one can hardly stand in places exposed to the
sun. It is dangerous to pass the night in the
open air, for the great heat is often succeeded
by a sudden cold, which proves mortal to such
as are exposed to it. The soil is for the most
part stony and barren, nevertheless some parts
produce rice, maize, bananas, lemons, oranges,
citrons, pomegranates, figs, and melons ; grapes
are gathered twice a year. The manufacture
of leather and salt form the principal riches.
Two of them, St. Yago and St. Philip, depend
immediately on the king, and are the only ones
that are fortified. The number of inhabitants
is calculated at 100,000. Few whites are now
seen ; the influence of the climate has changed
the ancient Portuguese to negroes. The gov
ernor and priests are often negroes. The chief
town is Porto Praya.
Cope Verde, mountainous cape on the coast
of Peru. Lat. 6. 20. S.
Cape Verde, on the coast of Genoa. Lon. 7.
50. E. Lat. 43. 50. N.
Cape Verdistan, see Cape Bardistan.
Cape Vere, on W. coast of Calabria. Lon. 16.
10. E. Lat. 39. 20. N.
Cope Verga, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 13.
50. W. Lat. 10. 4. N.
Cape Verella, on E. coast of Cochin-China.
Lon. 109. 18. E. Lat. 12. 55. N.
Cape Verella, (False,) SE. coast of Cochin-
China. Lon. 109. 4. E. Lat. 11. 45. N.
Cape Victoria, or Cope Victory, on W. coast
of Patagonia. Lon. 74. 57. W. Lat. 52. 35. S.
Cape Vidio, Spain, on the coast of Asturia.
Lon. 6. 11. W. Lat. 43. 37. N.
Cope Villano, Spain, on the coast of Galicia.
Lon. 9. 14. W. Lat. 43. 11. N.
Cape Villeno, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Lon. 2. 58. W. Lat. 43. 26, N.
Cape Vincent, p-v. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; W.498.
Cape Virgin, on SE. point of S. A. at the en
trance into the straits of Magellan. Lon. 68.
22. W. Lat. 52. 24. S.
Cape Unhasa, on the coast of Africa, in the
Indian sea. Lon. 30. E. Lat. 26. S.

CAP

325

CAP

Cope Unsang, on E. coast of Borneo. Lon.
119. 21. E. Lat. 5.18. N.
Cope Vohemaro, on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 54. 44. E. Lat. 13. 20. S.
Cape Vola, S. A. on N. coast of Caraccas.
Lon. 72. W. Lat. 12. N.
Cape Volpe, on N. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9.
47. E. Lat. 40. 4. N.
Cope Volpe, on S. coast of Natolia. Lon. 27.
44. E. Lat. 36. 38. N.
Cope Voltas, on W. coast of Africa. Lon. 16.
30. E. Lat. 29. 16. S.
Cape Voulovilou, on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 54. 2. E. Lat. 18. S.
Cape Upright, on E. end of Gore island, in
the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 172. 13. W. Lat.
60. 30. N.
Cope Upright, in the straits of Magellan. Lon.
75. 38. W. Lat. 53. 6. S.
Cape Upstart, on NE. coast of New Holland.
Lon. 212. 32. W. Lat. 19. 39. S.
Cope Uries, on N. coast of Staten island. Lon.
149.20. E. Lat. 46. N.
Cope Ursa, Sicily, on N. coast. Lon. 13. 11.
E. Lat. 38. 18. N.
Cope Walsh, on the coast of New Guinea.
Lon. 137. E. Lat. 8. 24. S.
Cape Walsingham of Davis, on E. coast of
America, at N. side of the entrance into Cum
berland straits. Lon. 66. W. Lat. 64. 10. N.
Cape Walsingham of Frobisher, at the SE. ex
tremity of Hale island, in Davis's straits, at the
entrance of Frobisher's straits. Lon. 64. 58. W.
Lat. 62. 50. N.
Cope Webuck, on E. coast of Labrador. Lon.
68. 10. W. Lat. 55.21. N.
Cape West, on W. coast of Tavai-Poe-nam
moo, the S. island of New Zealand. Lon. 193.
17. W. Lat. 45. 54. S.
Cope Weymouth, on NE. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 217. 15. W. Lat. 12. 42. S.
Cope White, or Cape Blanco, N. A. on E.
coast of Nicaragua ; 60 S. Cape Gracias a Dias.
Lon. 83. 4. W. Lat. 13. 15. N.
Cape Whitshed, on W. coast of N. America,
and NE. point of the entrance into Prince Wil
liam's sound. Lon. 214. 29. E. Lat. 60. 29. N.
Cape Whit-Sunday, on S. side of the island of
Kodiak, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 151. 46.
W. Lat. 58. 14. N.
Cope Wostenholm, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 77.
40. W. Lat. 62. 40. N.
Cope Wrath, Scotland, the NW. extremity of
the county of Sutherland. Lon. 5. 18. W. Lat.
58. 40. N.
Cope York, NE. projection of New Holland,
consisting of a double point, one of which is
situated Lon. 141. 36. E. Lat. 10. 37. S. the
other Lat. 10. 42. S.
Cape Young, on N. coast of Chatham island,
in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 183. 2. E. Lat.
43.48. S.
Cope Zambrona, Naples, on W. coast of Ca
labria. Lon. 16. 6. E. Lat. 37. 48. N.
Cope Zangesair, on the Pirate coast. Lon.
72. 53. E. Lat. 17. 36. N.
Cope Ziarel, on the coast of Syria. Lon. 35.
42. E. Lat. 35. 40. N.
Cape Zibeeb, on N. coast of Tunis. Lon. 10.
9. E. Lat. 37. 7. N.

Capet, t. Carinthia, on the Fella; 10 S. Vol-
kemarck. Papibaribe, r. Brazil, in Pernambuco, which
flows into the sea near the city of Pernambuco.
Capelapaire, X. Carnatic ; 14 NW. Gingee.
Capell, t. Aust, in Stiria ; 3 N. Muertznschlag.
Capelle, (La,) X. France, in Straits-of-Ca
lais ; 3 S. Hesdin. It is now dismantled.
Capelle, (La,) X. France, in Aisne ; 12 NE.
Guise. Pop. 1,077.
Capelle, X. Neth., Zealand, island of Walche-
ren ; 6 N. Antwerp. Pop. 1,000.
Capelle op den Bosch, t. Neth., Antwerp ; 6
S. Antwerp. Pop. 2,000.
Capelle la Marival, X. France, in Lot; 8
NNW. Figeac. Pop. 854.
Capellen, X. Stiria ; 8 W. Luttenburg.
Capenou, X. Prussia, in Pomerelia ; 10 E.
Marienburg. Capendu, X. France, Aude ; 9 E. Carcassonne.
Capernaum, city, Palestine, on W. side of
the sea of Tiberias ; 60 N. Jerusalem. Lon. 35.
44. E. Lat. 32. 45. N. Near it were a moun
tain and rivulet of the same name. This city
is famous in sacred history, and in its vicinity
our Lord delivered ' the sermon on the mount.'
Nothing of it now remains.
Capers Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of S. C. Lon. 79. 39. W. Lat. 32. 55. N.
Capes, see Ga6s.
Capestang, t. France, in Herault ; 9 N. Nar-
bonne. Pop. 1,150.
Caphas, mt. Africa, in Nigritia, from which
Ptolemy supposed the river Senegal derived its
source. Lat. 14. 10. N.
Caphe, now Caifa.
Caphon Springs, medicinal springs, in Virgi
nia ; 22 WSW. Winchester. The waters are
impregnated with magnesia, sulphur, soda, car
bonic acid, and are much visited.
Capjack, X. Grand Bukharia ; 25 S. Kotlan.
Capiat, X- Paraguay ; 15 SSE. Assumption.
Capiata,X. Paraguay ; 12 S. Assumption.
Capibari, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 34. 26. Lat. 8. 15. N.
Capis, X. N. coast of the island of Panay-
Lon. 122. 27. E. Lat. 11. 61. N.
Capim, r. Brasil, which runs into the Guama,
20 E. Para.
Capira, r. S. A., in Caraccas, which runs into
the sea, Lon. 66. 56. W. Lat. 10. 15. N.
Capistano, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 20
NE. Squillace.
Capira, X. Panama ; 22 W. Panama.
Capitanata, pr. Naples, bounded N. and E.
by the Adriatic, S. by the country of Bari and
Basilicata, and W. by the Molise. This was the
ancient Apulia Daunica. The whole country
is a vast plain, and the soil generally sandy,
with few trees, and scarcely any springs or ri
vers of fresh water ; yet the land produces a
great deal of corn, and feeds a great number of
cattle ; salt is made along the coast. The Gar-
gano is the only mountain ; on the sides are
plantations of oranges ; the coasts are defended
by 22 towers. The principal towns are Lucera,
Foggia, Salpe, Ascoli, Bovino, Troja, Mantra-"
donia, Monte, St. Angelo, Vieste, Termoli, St.
Severo, and Volturara. Pop. 254,809. Sq. m
3,289.

CAP

326

CAP

Capitanata, X. New Grenada ; 60 NNE. Tunja.
Capitantillo, small isl. among the Philippines,
near E. coast of Sibu. Lon. 123. 40. E. Lat.
11, 15. N.
Capitolias, now Yarmuc.
Capizzi, X. Sicily, Demona ; 7 NW. Trahina.
Capolahou, see Cape Lahou.
Capo Fino, cape on the coast of Genoa.
Lon. 9. 4. E. Lat. 44. 18. N.
Capo d'Islria, (an. ASgida,) s-p. Aust. Illy-
ria, inlstria, in the gulf of Trieste ; 8 S.Trieste.
Lon. 13. 43. E. Lat. 45. 31. N. Pop. 5,119.
Bp. see. It is the capital of a district containing
65,151 inh., in the circle of Trieste. It is situ
ated on an oval rock, in the midst of the sea,
at half a mile distance from the continent, with
which it is connected by means of a stone
bridge. The town is 2 miles in circ, and has
a cathedral church, 30 other churches, 2 nun
neries, 6 monasteries, some other rich pious in
stitutions, 2 hospitals, and a pawn-bank, where
money is advanced on pledges.
Capo de Logo, see Codelago.
Capo delle Melle, cape on the coast of Ge
noa. Lon. 8. 13. E. Lat. 43. 58. N.
Capo di Terra, cape on the coast of Naples,
between Sorento and Massa ; on it are the
ruins of a villa.
Capo di Venere, cape on the coast of Genoa.
Lon. 9. 40. E. Lat. 44. 4. N.
Capodigora, X. Italy ; 21 E. Ferrara.
Capolita, r. Mexico, in Guaxaca, which runs
into the Pacific ocean.
Capoose, t. Hind., Berar; 15SSE. Ellichpour.
Capor, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 9. 10. N.
Capotes, now Kepouh-Daghi.
Capoudia, see Cope Oudia.
Capoul, one of the smaller Philippine islands,
a little S. Lucon.
Cappadocia, ancient countiy in E. part of
Asia Minor ; bounded by Pontus, Armenia, Ci-
licia, and Phrygia ; now a part of Caramania.
Chief city, Mazaca.
Cappareas, now Shehoun.
Cappel, v. Switz., in Zurich ; 9 S. Zurich.
Pop. 475. Here on account of a religious dis
pute, a battle was fought between the Catholics
and Protestants, in the year 1531, in which
Zuinglius, the reformer, lost his life.
Cappel, or Waldkapel, X. Ger., Hesse Cassel;
26 SE. Cassle. Lon. 9. 55. E. Lat. 51. 9. N.
Pop. 844.
Cappel, or Cappeln, or Kappeh, t. Sleswick,
on E. coast ; 16 NE. Sleswick. Lon. 10. E.
Lat 54. 44. N. Pop. 1,150.
Cappeln, X. Pru. Westphalia ; 8 NNE. Teck-
lenburg. Cappeln, (Osier,) X. Hanover, in Osnabruck ;
12 E. Osnabruck.
Cappenberg, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Munster ;
6 NW. Werne.
Capracolla, X. Naples, in Molise ; 13 NW.
Molise. Pop. 2,099.
Caprah, X. Hind., in Oude : 30 N. Kairabad.
Capraja, (an. AZgilon, or Aigilium,) isl. in
fhe Mediterranean, between the coast of Italy
and the N. part of Corsica, about 15 miles in
circumference. Lon. 9. 56. E. Lat. 43. 3. N.
Pop. 1,500. The land is mountainous, dry, and
rough ; and surrounded with rocks, except in

one part, where there is a good harbour, be
longing to a town named Capraja. It was ced
ed to Sardinia in 1815.
Capranu, v. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, on the
Cephissus ; 28 WNW. Thiva. It is a mean vil
lage, containing a few cottages, and several
chh. It is very near the site of ancient Chero-
ncea, of which considerable ruins are still to be
seen, as the remains of a temple, a fountain, a
theatre, acropolis, Sic
Capraria, one of the Trerhiti islands, in the
Adriatic, about 12 miles from the coast of It
aly ; it is very small, and uninhabited. Lon.
15. 26. E. Lat. 42. 10. N.
Capraria, see Gomera, Caberra, and Favag-
nana. Caprera, small isl. in the Mediterranean near
SW. coast of the Morea. Lon. 21. 40. E. Lat.
36. 52. N.
Capresso, (an. Mons Marpessus,) mt. onParos,
celebrated for its marble quarries.
Capri, isl.intheMediterranean, nearthe coast
of Naples, 5 miles long, and 2 broad ; anciently
called Caprece ; whence the emperor Tiberius
issued his bloody orders of execution. The isl
and is mountainous, but fertile, with great plen
ty of game, especially quails. It is said that
60,000, and even 160,000 quails have been
caught on the island in a year. In this island
Tiberius spent the last ten years of his life, iri-
merged in luxurious debauchery, and built 12
villas for the purpose of varying his pleasures,
or at least the scene of them. Pop. 3,580. Lon.
14. 18. E. Lat. 40. 32. N.
Capri, X. in the island so called ; 17 S.Na
ples. Lon. 13. 58. E. Lat 40. 34. N. Pop.
2,046. Bp. see.
Capriana, X. Italy ; 14 NNW. Mantua.
Capriata, X. Piedmont; 12 S. Alexandria..
Here the Austrians were defeated by the French
in 1799.
Capriglia, X. Naples in Principato Ultra; 13
S. Benevento.
Caprino, X. Italy ; 8 WNW. Bergamo.
Caprislano, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 20
E. Aquila.
Capro, X. Africa, in Dongola. on the left bank
of the Nile; 8 S. Mosho.
Caprone, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago,
about 6 miles in circumference ; 2 NW. Stan-
chio. Lon. 26.52. E. Lat 36. 59. N.
Caprycke, X. Neth., in E. Flanders; 14 SE.
Sluys. Pop. 3,239.
Capsa, now Go/so.
Captaja, X. Bengal ; 18 E. Islamabad.
Captain's Rock, rocky island in the river Ut-
awas. Lon. 78. W. Lat. 46. 5. N.
Captina Creek, r. Ohio, which flows into the
Ohio, 23 miles below Wheeling, Va.
Captina Creek, p-v. Belmont co. Ohio; W. 312.
Caplieux, X. France, in Gironde ; S. Bazas.
Pop. 1,152.
Capua, city, Naples, cap. Lavora, on the Vol-
turno ; 15 N. Naples. Lou. 14. 8.E. Lat.41.5.N.
Pop. 7,831. Abp. see. It contains, besides the
cathedral, one collegiate, 16 parish churches,
and 12 convents. Modern Capua is not on the
same spot where formerly the ancient Capua,'
so renowned in history, stood, but about 2 miles
from it, and was partly built out of its ruins. ;

CAR

327

CAR

No city, in Italy, Rome excepted, contains
a greater number of ancient inscriptions, which
were no doubt brought hither from Old Capua.
This city is situated in a very pleasant and
fruitful country on the left shore of the Voltur-
no, and about 12 miles from the sea. Its fortifi
cations are pretty good, consisting of bastions,
ravelins, and other works, all covered with free
stone. The river, as well as its castle, contributes
very much to its strength. Ancient Capua stood
pretty near mount Tifata eastward ; and its
great wealth and power gave umbrage to the
Romans. Capurso, X. Naples, in Bari ; 4 SE. Bari.
Capusa, small island in the Mediterranean,
near NW. coast of Corsica. Lon. 9. 29. E. Lat.
42. 57. N.
Caqueta, large river, S. A., which rises about
60 m. S. Popayan; being enlarged by the ad
dition of several streams, it takes a course due
E. about 300 miles, when it divides into three
branches ; one of which falls into the lea, ano
ther takes the name of Yupura, and the third
forms the principal stream of the Negro.
Cor, or Char, r. Eng., which runs into the
sea, at Charmouth in Dorsetshire.
Car,lake,Ireland, Armagh; 14 SSE. Armagh.
Cora, small isl. near W. coast of Scot. ; 2 S.
the island of Gigo. Lon. 5. 48. W. Lat. 55.
36. N. It is 1 mile long, and J m. broad, in
habited by a few families.
Cora, Pulo Cora, small isl. in the gulf of Siam,
near E. coast of Lower Siam. Lon. 101. 12. E.
Lat. 8.30. N.
Cora, r. Russia, which forms the boundary
between Europe and Asia, for the space of 140
m. and falls into the Arctic ocean.
Cora Veria, see Veria.
Carabash, small isl. near W. coast of Natolia.
Lon. 27.6. E. Lat. 38. 12. N.
Carabaya, or Caravaya, district or jurisdic
tion, Buenos Ayres, about 120 miles in extent
The country is mountainous, but in many places
fertile in grain, fruit, and legumes ; there are al
so mines of gold and silver. St. Juan de l'Oro,
or Caravaya is the capital.
Car.abuco, X. La Paz ; 36 S. Asangaro.
Carac, see Karek.
Caracala, X. Walachia 65 ESE. Widdin, 85
WSW. Bucharest. Lon. 25. 58. E. Lat. 44. 4. N.
Caracatay, a large extent of country W. Chi
na, divided into many states and principalities.
Caracato, X. La Paz ; 10 N. Chucuito.
Caracca, (La,) s-p. Spain, in Andalusia; 6 E.
Cadiz. CARACCAS, country, in the northern part
of S. America, having the Caribbean north, and
New-Grenada west ; watered by the Orinoco
and its branches. It was once called Eastern
Terra Firma, but was styled by the Spaniards
the Captain-generalship of Caraccas, from 1786
to 1810; containing the following provinces:
Provinces Pop. Chief towns.
£en.ezuela>  ) 500,000 \ -Caraccas.
Vannas,  $ ' \ ...Varinas.
Maracaybo,  100,000  Maraybo.
Cumana,  80,000  Cumana.
Spanish Guiana  34,000  St. Thomas.
Margarita island,  14,000  Ascension.

Total 728,000

The population here stated is the estimate cf
Depons. The whites are computed at 2-10ths,
the slaves at 3, the descendants of freemen at
4; the remainder Indians. In 1810, the in
habitants made a declaration of independence,
and assumed the name of the Republic of Vene
zuela. It has since been united with New-
Grenada, under the name of the Republic of
Colombia. See Colombia and Venezuela.
Caraccas, or Leon de Caraccas, city, S. A,,
capital of the Caraccas. Lon. 67. 5. W. Lat.
10. 31. N. Abp. sec. Pop. according to Hum
boldt, in 1800, 40,000 ; in 1812, 50,000. On the
26th of March 1812, the city was partly des
troyed by an earthquake, and nearly 12,000
persons were buried in the ruins. By the po
litical events, which followed this catastrophe,
the population of this ill-fated city was reduced
in 4 or 5 years after the earthquake, to less
than 20,000. The city is some leagues from
the sea, from which it is separated by moun
tains, and is elevated about 3,000 feet above
the ocean. It carries on a considerable trade.
It contains a university, a theatre, 9 churches,
4 hospitals, 3 monasteries, and 2 nunneries. Its
port, named Guayra, has bad anchorage, but-
by the construction of a mole, the road is good.
Caraccio, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 16
S. Sulmona.
Caracena, see Caracossa.
Carach, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa. Lon. 11. 20. N.
Carachaban, X. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 80 W.
Tabris. CaraM, X. Venezuela; 20 E. Truxillo.
Carachnrin, X. Natolia ; 24 E. Tsorkesk.
Caracol, X. S. A., Carthagena ; 55 SE. Car
thagena. Caracosa, or Caracena, X. Spain, in New Cas
tile ; 18 SSW. Siguenca.
Caracu, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 41. 46. W. Lat. 3. S.
Caradoam, X. Hind., in Berar ; 18 SE. Au
rungabad. Caraglio, X. Piedmont, in Coni, on the Grana ;
6 NW. Coni. Pop. 5,200.
Carago, now Rugga.
Caragola, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 22 S. Purneah,
It is situated on N. branch of the Ganges, and
carries on considerable trade.
Caragos, pr. Mindanao, near E. coast. Its
principal production is sago.
Carasu, see Cydnus.
Carahissar, see Aphiom Karahissar.
Carahuasi, X. Peru, Cusco ; 54 WNW. Cusco.
Caralicote, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 30 N.
Beder. Corolla, now Kierali.
Caramon, X. France, in Upper Garonne ; 15
ESE. Toulouse. Pop. 2,292.
Caramon, or Larenda, X. A. Turkey, in Cara
mania, situated in a plain ; 55 S. Konieh, 57 N.
Kelendri. Pop. 3,000 families. H. 1,100; 1,000
belonging to Turks, and 100 to Armenians.
The streets are dirty, and the houses low, and
builtof clay. It contains 24 khans for mer
chants, several mosques, and 6 public baths
Caramon, X. Syria, in Aleppo ; 12 N. Antioch
Caramania, countiy, Asia, which compre
hends the ancient Pamphilia, Lycaonia, and

CAR

328

CAR

Jsauria, and a great part of Cilicia, Pisidia, and
Cappadocia. It had formerly the title of king
dom ; but is now become a province of Turkey,
and divided into 7 sangiacats, viz Konieh, Kai-
sarieh, Kishcher, Nikdeh, Akserai, Isbarteh, and
Selefkieh, or Itschil. It has several lakes well
stored with fish, and which furnish great quan
tities of salt.
Caramanica, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 8
N. Sulmona.
Caramania, t. S. A., in Popayan, on the Cau-
ca. Lon. 74. 48. W. Lat. 6. 12. N.
Carambaba, t. Brazil, on the Tocantin ; 60
SW.Para. Carambis, now Kerepibwrun.
Carambucis, now Dwina.
Caramnassa, r. Hind., which runs into the
Ganges, near Buxar.
Caramout, X. Syria, in the pachalic of Alep
po, on W. side of the lake of Antioch ; 12 N.
Antioch, 18 ESE. Alexandretta. It is defended
-with walls, as a security from the Kurds.
Caran, r. Eng., which runs into the Avon, at
Tewkesbury. Caran, X. Africa, on the Slave coast. Lat. 7.
JO. N.
Carana, now Almakarana.
Carandaga, small isl. in the E. Indian ocean,
and sea of Mindoro. Lon. 120. 25. E. Lat. 10.
25. N.
Caranel, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 18 NW.
Caroor. Carang-Assem, X. on E. coast of the island of
Bali. Lon. 115. 30. E. Lat. 8. 30. S. It has a
good harbour, and is the principal town in the
island, situated in a populous and fertile terri
tory. Carang-Pingang, t on SW. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 103. 45. E. Lat. 5. 16. S.
Carangas, district, S. A., in Buenos Ayres,
*bout 120 miles in length, and 150 W. of the
river Plata. It feeds a great number of cattle,
and in it are several silver mines.
Carangas, X. Peru, and capital of a district
under the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres ; 40 W.
Potosi. Caranja, isl. in the Indian sea, near the Con
can coast ; 9 S. Bombay. Lon. 72. 44. E.
Lat. 18. 55. N.
Caransebes, see Karansebes.
Carapatam, X. Concan ; 15 S. Geriah.
Carapanatuba, r. S. A., in Guiana, which
flows into the Amazon, Lon. 51. W. Lat. 0.
15. N.
Carapella, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 15 E.
Aquila. Carapella, r. Naples, which runs into the
Adriatic, 9 S. Manfredonia.
Carapito, X. Portugal, Beira ; 12 N. Pinhel.
Carascof X. Russia, in Kiev ; 34 W. Bialacer-
kiew. Carasto, t. Genoa ; 14 E. Genoa.
Coram, see Cydnus.
Carava, X. Cyprus ; 20 WNW. Nicosia.
Carauaca, or Santo Cruz de Caravaca, t. Spain,
in Murcia ; 40 WNW. Murcia. Pop. 8,720.
This town is much resorted to an account of a
cross, said to have been brought down from
heaven by two angels.
Caravaggio, t. Italy ; 10 N. Crema.

Caravaggio, or Caravacho, t. S. A., in Buenos
Ayres, and diocess of La Paz, on the coast of
the Pacific ocean ; 50 W. Atacames.
Caravalleda, s-p. Caraccas ; E. of Guayra.
Caravaya, or St. Juan del Oro, t. Peru, and
capital of a jurisdiction, in Buenos Ayres, and
diocess of Cusco ; 150 SE. Cusco. Lon. 69
36. W. Lat. 14. 40. N.
Caraves, small isl. in the E. Indian ocean
Lon. 121. 38. E. Lat. 11. 58. N.
Caravelas, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 18. S.
Caravi, small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago
Lon. 23. 37. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Caravilla, X. Naples, Molise ; 12 NW. Molise.
Caravino, t. Piedmont ; 9 SE. Ivrea. Pop
1,300. Caraw, X. Syria, in Damascus ; 42 NNE. Da
mascus. It is situated on an eminence, in
which are vestiges of a camp ; supposed to have
been anciently called Ocurura; and when in
possession of the Franks, Carinthia.
Carawang, km. Java, on N. side ; E. of Ja-
catra. Carawang Point, E. point of Batavia bay, on
Java. Lon. 107. 10. E. Lat. 5. 57. S. '
Carawang Point, cape on N. coast of New
Guinea. Lon. 133. 30. E. Lat. 0. 20. S.
Caraza, small isl. in the mouth of the river
Volga, where it runs into the Caspian sea ; 70
S. Astrachan. Here goods are landed, and ships
remain, when it is thought necessary to perform
quarantine. Carayan, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 14 NE. Bahar.
Carberry, isl. on S. coast of Ireland, in Dun-
mannus bay. Lon. 9. 33. W. Lat. 51. 31. N.
Carbct St. Jaques, Martinicb, in the West-
Indies. Lon. 61. 10. W. Lat. 14. 39. N.
Carbini, X. Corsica ; 5 E. Tallano.
Carbon, see Alfeo.
Carbonara, X. Naples, in Bari ; 2 SSE. Bari.
Carbone, small r. Spain, which runs into the
Guadalquivir, a little above Seville.
Carbonero,X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 14 NNW.
Segovia. Carboni, X. Naples, in Basilicata; 16 SW.
Turfi. Pop. 2,570.
Carbonne, X. France, in Upper Garonne ; 3 N.
Rieux, 21 S. Toulouse. Pop. 1,643.
Carbu, t. Genoa ; 7 WNW. Finale.
Carbusabad, v. Persia ; 30 Casbin. H. 60.
Carcabuy, X. Spain, in Cordova ; 8 ENE. Lu-
cena. Carcal, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 12 E. Cal-
lianee. Carcal, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 18 SW. Com-
bamet Carcan, r. Asia, which separates the country
of Queda from Malacca, and runs into the
straits of Malacca, Lon. 100. 28. E. Lat. 5.
14. N.
Carcanossi, X. on E. coast of the island of
Madagascar. Lat 24. 30. S.
Carcar, X. Spain, in Aragon, on the Ega ; 9
miles from Calahorra.
Carcara, X. Piedmont, on the Bormida; 12 E.
Ceva. Carcara, X. Barca ; 110 SW. Tolometa.
Carcariola, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 22
W. Aquila.

CAR

329

CAR

Carcassonne, (an. Carcaso,} city, France, cap
ital of Aude ; 15 posts NW. Perpignan, 97 S.
Paris. Lon. 2. 21. E. Lat. 43. 13. N. Pop.
14,652. H. 1,604. Bp. see. It was formerly
the capital of a county, and before the revolu
tion the seat of a governor. It is situated on
the Aude, and is divided into Old and New
Town, and defended by a castle, walls, and
ditches. The New Town is regularly built in
the form of a long square. There is a consid
erable manufacture of fine cloth. '
Carcavee, X. Istria ; 5 SSW. Capo d'lstria.
Carcha, now Kark.
Carchcmish, now KerMssia.
Carcherd, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 45 NW.
Herat. Careraig, small isl. Scot., in the Frith of
Forth ; 3 SW. Burntisland.
Carculla, X. Hind., in S. Canara. Lon. 75. 4.
E. Lat. 13. 12. N. H. 200.
Cardaillac, t. France, in Lot ; 5 N. Figeac,
28 NE. Cahors. Pop. 1,600.
Cardamilia, X. Morea ; 12 SW. Misitra.
Cardamyla, t on N. coast of the island of
Scio. Lon. 26. 3. E. Lat. 38. 34. N.
Carden, X. Pru., in Lower Rhine, on the Mo
selle ; 27 NE. Treves.
Cardennossa, Spain, in Old Castile.; 12 miles
from Avila.
Oardia, now Hexamila.
Cardiff, or Caerdiff, or Coer Diff,X. S. Wales,
anil county town of Glamorganshire^ on the
Taff, about 3 miles from the Severn; 92 E.
Haverfordwest, 164 W. London. Lon. 3. 10.
W. Lat. 61. 28. N. Pop. 2,457 The old walls
are very considerable and extensive. The in
habitants carry on a very considerable trade
with Bristol, and export a great quantity of
cast and wrought iron to London and other
places. The assizes for the county, and the
quarter sessions are held here. Cardiff has 2
markets weekly, on Wednesday and Saturday.
Cardigan, mt. in Orange, N. H.
Cardigan, t. S. Wales, and capital of a coun
ty, to which it gives name ; 97 WNW. Mon
mouth, 225 WSW. London. Lon. 4. 38. W.
Lat. 52. 5. N. Pop. 2,129. It is situated two
miles from the mouth of the Tivey, and h*s
considerable trade ; 292 vessels belonging to
the port, carrying 10,097 tons. It has 2 weekly
markets, and 2 annual fairs. The town was
formerly surrounded with walls, and defended
by a castle, now in ruins.
Cardigan, bay, Atlantic, on W. coast of
Wales, W. and NW. of the town of Cardigan.
Cardiganshire, co. S. Wales, bounded N. by
Merioneth and Montgomery, E. by Radnor and
Brecknock, S. by Carmarthen and Pembroke,
and W. by the Irish sea ; about 40 miles in
length, 20 in breadth, and 100 in circumference.
It contains 5 hundreds, 6 market towns, and
sends 2 members to parliament, one for the
county, and the other for the town of Cardi
gan, Sic. The surface . is mountainous ; there
are valuable mines; but cattle, sheep, and
woo) are the staple commodities. Pop. 50,260.
Families 11,296; 5,864 engaged in agriculture;
1,913 in trade and manufactures ; 3,519 other
wise. Cardina, t. Italy ; 24 ESE. Mantua. -
Vol. I. 42

Cardinal's Island, small isl. hear E. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 63. 0. W. Lat. 59.0. N.
Cardiotesm, small isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago ; 3 W. Sikino.
Carditp, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 8 ESE.
Reggio. Cardona, X. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Car-
donero ; 10 S. Solsona, 36 NW. Barcelona.
Lon. 1.31. E. Lat.41.55.N. Pop.2,400. It
is situated at 'the foot of a rock of salt, which,
on the side of the river, appeai-s cut perpendic
ularly, forming a mass of solid salt between 4
and 500 feet high, without the least creyipe,
fissure, or strata ; nor is any gypsum to. be
found in the neighbourhood. This rock is about
3 miles in circumference, and about the same
height as the adjacent mountains, but its depth
being unknown, it cannot be ascertained on
what basis it rests. This prodigious mountain
of salt, divested of any other substance, is un
paralleled in Europe. Several figures, candle
sticks, caskets, and other toys, are cut out of
this salt as transparent as crystal. This moun
tain has a considerable surface, yet the rain
does not diminish the salt. The river which
runs at its foot is briny, and when it rains the
saltness of the water increases, and kills the
fish ; but this effect does not extend above 9
miles. Careening Islands, cluster of small Islands in
the gulf of Florida, near the coast of East Flo
rida. Lon. 81. 50. W. Lat. 25. 47. N.
Cardonero, r. Spain, which runs into the Llo-
bregat, at Manxes, in Catalonia.
Cardras, v. Si parish, Scot, in -Dumbarton,
on W. side of the Leven ; 3 NW. Dumbarton.
Pop. 2,859. In a castle at this place died the
brave king Robert Bruce.
Carduel, E. part of Georgia, of which Teflis
is the capital. The prince of this country, who
was tributary in part to Persia and part to the
Turks, a few years since revolted, and put him
self under the protection of Russia.
Cardy, rock in the Irish sea, near E. coast of
Ireland, Lon. 6. 10. W. Lat. 53. 39. N.
Careara, t. Persia, Segestan ; 80 SE. Kin.
Careatty, X. Ceylon ; 40 NNW. Trinkamaly.
Carelia, countiy, Finland, now chiefly in
cluded in the Russian government of Viborg.
Carelogorod, see Kexholm.
Carema, X. Piedmont ; 6 NW. Ivrea.
Cmrelmapo, X. Chili, on the coast of the Paci
fic ocean ; 150 S. Valdivia. Lat. 45. 5. S.
Carenytta, isl. in the E. Indian sea; about 50
m. in circ. Lon. 108. 50. E. Lat. 2. 32. N.
Carelstat, -see Carlsburg.
Caremboule; t. Madagascar, near S. coast.
Lon. 48. 29. W. Lat. 25. 20. S.
Catenage Bay, bay Si t. on W. coast of the
island of St. Lucia. Lon. 60. 50. W. Lat. 13.
35. N. Pop. 5, or 6,000. .
Carenave, X. Ceylon; ,54 NW. Trinkamaly,
75 N. Candi.
Carendar, or Caindar, t. Persia, in Chorasan ;
40 S. Nesa.
Carennac, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne on
the Dordogne ; 7 NW. St. Cere. Pop. L195, '
Cartntan, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Channel, with a port for small vessels •
4 posts NNE. Coutances, 35 WSW. Paris. Lop.'

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1. 10. W. Lat. 49. 18. N. Pop. 2,857. It is
situated in a marshy soil, which renders the air
unwholesome. The principal commerce is in
butter, cattle, hemp, and flax.
Carentoire, t. France, in Morbihan ; 34 NE.
Vannes. Pop. 5,681.
Carenz, see Gartz.
Cares, or Karies, t. Eu. Turkey, on Mount
Athos ; 17 SE. Saloniki. The situation is ele
vated and pleasant ; there are several convents,
and a market every Saturday for corn and
other provisions.
Caret, X. Tyrol; 12 SW. Bolzano.
Caret Bay, bay on the coast of America, in
the river Darien, of which it is the only har
bour. Two or three small rivers empty them
selves into it, and two islands lie before it ; the
anchorage ground is good, and free from rocks.
Lon. 77. W. Lat. 8. 10. N.
Caretas, rocks in the river La Plata, on the
coast of Paraguay ; about 9 miles from Monte
Video. . Carevellos, X. Brazil, in the district of Porto
Seguro, and on the river of this name, 6 miles
above the town of Porto Seguro, at the mouth
of the river. It is more populous and better
built, than Porto Seguro.
Carew, v. Wales, in Pembrokeshire ; 5 Pem
broke, 245 London. Pop. 911.
Carey, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near
the coast of Darien. Lon. 77. 30. W. Lat. 8.
30. N.
Carezzano, X. Piedmont, on the Bormida ; 5
SE. Ceva.
Car/a, t. Arabia; 176 NW. Jamama.
Carfagnana, or Castel-nuovo de Carf agnano,
t. Italy, and capital of a lordship, which is an
nexed to the duchy of Massa-Carrara ; 18 N.
Lucca, 37 SW. Modena.
Cargou, see Karek.
Carguayraso, mt. Quito. It is a high summit
of the Andes, N. of Chimborazo.
CorAo, t Hind., in Berar; 58 NNE. Mahur.
-Carhaix, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Finisterre ; 19 S. Morlaix, 27 S. St. Pol
de Leon. Lon. 3. 31. E. Lat. 48. 16. N. Pop.
1,734. It is situated on the Yer.
Carham, v. Eng., in Northumberland ; 5 E.
Kelso, 28 NW. Alnwick. Pop. 163. Near this
town a battle was fought between the English
and the Danes, in which 11 bishops and 2 Eng
lish counts were slain, besides a great number
of soldiers. Here likewise wa? ro!;ght, in the
year 1018, a battle between the English and
the Scots, in which the latter were Victorious.
Cario, ancient countiy in SW. part of Asia
Minor. Chief city, Halicarnassds.
Cariabad, X. Hind., Oude ; 40 N. Lucknow.
Cariaco, s-p. S. A. in Cumana, E. of the gulf
of Cariaco. Lon. «3. 39. W. Lat. 10. 30. N.
Pop. 6,500. It is situated near the mouth of a
river of the same name, on a large plain, cov
ered with plantations. The climate is very hot,
the air damp and unhealthy. Its trade is in
cotton and sugar. The gulf of Cariaco is 68
miles long, and 35 broad, from 80 to 100 fath
oms deep, surrounded by lofty mountains, and
the waters quiet.
Carian, SW. part of Arracan, between 16 and
17 degrees N. Lat. It is a level countiy, adapt
ed to the production of rice.

Carjary, t. Bengal ; 15 W. Curruckdeah. •
Cariathain, (an. Carialha,) t. Arabia ; 240
ENE. Mecca.
Cariati Nuovo, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ;
on SW. coast of the gulf of Tarento ; 25 N. St.
Severino. Lon. 17. 10. E. Lat. 39. 38. N. Bp.
see. Cariati Vecchia^ t. Naples, in Calabria Citra;
2 SW. Cariati Nuovo.
Carribbean Sea, that part of the Atlantic
ocean, which' is bounded N. by the islands of
Jamaica, St. Domingo, Porto Rico, and the
Virgin islands ; E. by the Carribean islands, S.
by Caraccas, and W. by the Musketo shore.
Carribbee Islands, the West India islands so
called, which lie in a line from Anguilla N. to
Tobago S. and from W. boundary of the sea,
called Caribbean Sea. The name has been more
loosely applied to the whole of the West India
islands, but is more particularly understood of
that Archipelago which lies between the 58th
and 63d deg. W. Lon. and the Hth and 19th of
N. Lat. The principal are St. Christopher's
Guadaloupe, Antigua, Montserrat, Mariegalante,
called Leeward Islands; Dominica, Martinico,
St. Lucia, St, Vincent's) called Windward Isl
ands; Grenada, Tobago, Barbadoes, Sic.
Caribbees, small islands^ near the coast of S.
America. Lon. 93. 36. W. Lat. 10. 35. N.
Caribbees, Indians, S. America, W. of lake
Parima. /
Caribou, isl. in lake Superior. Lon. 85. 30. W.
Lat. 47. N.
Caribou, r. Canada, which runs into the Sa-
guenay, Lon. 70. 37. W. Lat. 48. 29. N.
Carical, see Karikal.
Caridien, isl. in the Indian sea, near W. coast
of Ceylon ; 12 miles long, and 2 wide. Lon.
79. 55. E. Lat. 8. 30. N.
Carieboef Mountains, ridge of mountains, in
W. part of N. America. Lon. 115. W. Lat 58.
45. N.
Carigat, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 3 E. Seringa
patam. Carignan, t. France, in Ardennes, formerly
called Ivoy, situated on the Chiers; 9 ESE. Se
dan, 10 NW. Montmedy. Pop. 1,496.
Carignano, 'X. Piedmont, in Turin, formerly
capital of a principality of the same name, on
the Po ; 3 NNW. Carmagnola, 8 S.Turin. Lon.
7. 41. E. Lat. 44. 53. N. Pop. 7,229. Here is
a gymnasium. Carignano, X. Sardinia ; 15 WNW. Terra
Nuova. Carigue, isl. Ireland, on N. coast of Kerry, in
the river Shannon ; 33 W. Limerick.
Carillon, X. Canada, on the Utawas. Lon. 74.
16. W. Lat. 45. 32. N.
Carimata, isl. W. of Borneo. Lon. 108. 52. E.
Lat. 1. 36. S. It is about 30 miles in circ, and
is inhabited. Carimon, isl.. in the straits of Malacca, about
12 miles in length, and from 3 to 5 broad. Lon.
103. 15. E. Lat. l.N.
Carimon Java, cluster of islands in the Indi
an sea. Lon. 110. 15. E. Lat. 5. 48. S.
Carinacou, one of the Grenadilla islands, in
the West Indies, with an excellent harbour ; 16
NE. Grenada. Lon. 61. 22. W. Lat. 12. 30. N.
It is fertile, and produces a great deal of cot
ton, but has little or no fresh water.

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Carinena, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 20 N. Cala-
taiud. Pop. 2,036.
Caringa, t. Hind., in Goondwana; 40 W.
Nagpour. Caringapalam, X. Hind.; 10 SE. Tinevelly.
Corini, (an. Hyccara,) X. Sicily, in the valley
of Mazara, the birth-place of the celebrated
Lais ; 9 WNW. Palermo. Pop. 4,000.
Carinish Point, cape on SW. coast of Ireland:
Lon. 9. 58. W. Lat. 51. 37. N.
Carinola, (an. Forum Claudii,) X. Naples, in
Lavora ; 4 SE. Sezza, 13 NW. Capua. Bp. see.
Pop. 431.
Carinthia, countiy, Austria, bounded N. by
Stiria and the archbishopric of Salzburg, E. by
Stiria, S. by the Venetian territories and Car
niola, and W. by the Tyrolese. The countiy is
very mountainous and woody ; its chief wealth
consists ti its mines, particularly of lead, which
is the purest in Europe ; also iron, copper,
quicksilver, Sic The principal manufactures
are those of iron and steel. Carinthia is divid
ed into Lower and Upper. The principal towns
of Lower Carinthia are Clagenfurt, St. Veit, St.
Andr6e, Wolfsberg, and Gurk; the principal
towns of Upper Carinthia are Villach and Ge-
mund. A great number of lakes are found in
Carinthia, the largestof which, called Wordstsee,
is 8 miles long, and abound? in fish. Pop. in
1812, 282,454. Sq. m. 4,400.— Carinthia now
forms a part of the Austrian kingdom of Illyria,
and the government of Laybach, and is divided
into two circles, Clagenfurt and Villach.
Carisbrook, v. Si parish, Eng., in .the Isle of
Wight, 1 m. Newpbrt, formerly a considerable
town with a priory of black monks, but at pres
ent retaining no marks of its former conse
quence, except the remains of a castle. Pop.2,229.
Caritan Point, cape on W. coast of the island
of Negros. Lon. 122. 48. E. Lat. 9. 30. N.
Caristo, or Castel Rosso, X. Eu. Turkey, in
Negropont; 45 SE. Negropont. Lon. 24.35.
E. Lat. 38. 3. N. Greek bp. see. It is situ
ated at S. extremity of the island. It was for
merly called Caristus, and esteemed one of the
principal towns of Eubcea.
Caristran, X. Eu. Turkey, Romania ; 65 NW.
Constantinople. Caritena, see Garitena.
¦ Carily, r. Scot, which runs into the Esk, in
the county of Forfar.
Carivelan, or St. Ninian's, one of the smaller
Hebrides among those called Sheant islands.
Lon. 6. 20. W. Lat. 57. 53. N.
Carizal, t. New Mexico, in New Navarre ;
140 SW. Casa Grande.
Carl Gustavadst, or Esehilstuna, X. Sweden, in
Sudermania ; 54 W. Stockholm. Lon. 16. 18.
W. Lat. 59. 20. N.
CoW Gustaffs, X: Sweden, in West-Bothnia;
12 N. Tornea. Lon. 23. 58. E. Lat. 65. 58. N.
Carta le Comte, (Le,) X. France, in Arriege ;
21 NNW. Tarascon. Pop. 989.
Carlat, X. France, in Cantal ; 5 SE. Aurillac.
Pop. 920.
Carlat, or Carlo de Roquefort, v. France, in
Arriege ; 22 W. Mirepoix. Pop. 400. Native,
Bayle. Carlburg, X. Bavaria, with a castle built by
Charles the Bald, on the Main, opposite Carl-
stadt ; 12 N. Wurzburg.

Carleby, see Karleby.
Carlentini, t. Si fortress, Sicily, in the valley
of Noto ; 2 E. Lentini. Pop. 4,000. ,
Carlepont, t. France, in Oise ; 4 S. Noyon.
Carleton Cove, on N. coast of Anticosti. Lon.
62. 30. W. Lat. 49. 27. N.
Carlestein, fortress, near Prague.
Carlingford, s-p. Ireland, in Louth, in a bay
to which it gives name ; chiefly celebrated for
its oysters ; 24 SSE. Armagh, 47 N. Dublin.
Lon. 6. 8. W. Lat. 54. 1. N. Pop. 4,000. It
exports butter and linen.
Carlin Settlement, see Franklin.
Carlisle, t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 20 NW. Bos
ton. Pop. 681.
Carlisle, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. ; 9 W. Schoha
rie, 36 W.Albany, W.384. Pop. 1,583. There isa
place in this township where ice is said to be
found throughoutthe summer; anda mill stream
which has a subterraneous passage of 2 miles.
Carlisle, bor. St cap. Cumberland co. Pa. ; 16
W. Harrisburg, 114 W. Philadelphia, W. 101.
Lon. 77. 10. W. Lat. 40. 12. N. Pop. in 1810,
2,491 ; in 1820, 2,908. It is pleasantly situated,
regularly laid out, built chiefly of stone and
brick, and has considerable trade. It contains
a court house, a jail, a market house, 2 banks,
and 7 houses of public worship, 1 for English
Presbyterians, 1 for German Presbyterians, 1
for Scotch Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians,
1 for Lutherans, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for
Roman Catholics.— Dickinson College was
founded in this town, in 1783, and continued a
respectable and flourishing institution, till about
1816, when its operations were suspended. It
has been reorganized, and its operations were
recommenced in Jan. 1822. The officers con
sist of a president, who is also professor of
moral philosophy, and three professors ; 1 of
mathematics and natural philosophy, 1 of Lat
in, Greek, and Hebrew, and 1 of rhetoric,
belles lettres, and the philosophy of the human
mind. There is a grammar school connected
with the college.
Carlisle, p-v. Nicholas co. Kentucky.
Carlisle, p-t. Si cap. Sullivan co. Indiana ;
223 Indianopolis, W. 762.
Carlisle, (an. Luguvallium, and Lugubalum,)
city, Eng., and capital of Cumberland ; 104 S.
Glasgow, 300 N. London. Lon. 2. 50. W. Lat.
54. 54. N. Pop. 12,531. Bp. see. It is sur
rounded with a wall, and defended by a castle
and citadel. The walls and citadel are in a
ruinous state, but the castle is kept in repair.
It contains 2 churches, with several other
places of religious worship. It sends 2 mem
bers to parliament. It is-situated at the conflux
of the rivers Eden, Peterell, and Cauda, which
soon after fall into the sea, in Solway Frith.
The principal manufactures in Carlisle are cot
ton-yarn, cotton and linen checks, grey cot
tons, osnaburghs, coarse linen, drills, pocket
ing, worsted-shag, silk and cotton fancy pieces,
stamped cottons, hats, shamois and tanned
leather, linseys, nails, coarse knives, stockings,
dressed flax, soap, candles, nankeens, and ropes.
There are two markets weekly, Wednesday and
Saturday. The town sessions are held 4 times a
year, and the assizes for the county once a year.
Carlisle, (New,) t Lower Canada, capital of

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the district of Gaspe, on Chaleur bay. Lat. about
48. N. It contains a church, a court house, a
jail, and 40 or 50 houses.
Carlisle Bay, bay, Barbadoes, S.Bridgetown.
Carlisle Bay, bay, Antigua ; 3 W. Falmouth.
Carlisle Bay, bay on S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 77. 6. W. Lat. 17. 47. N.
Carlisle Lagoon, bay on N. coast of the isl
and of Egmont, or New Guernsey, in the S.
Pocific ocean, between How's point and Port
land's island. Lon. 164. 16. E. Lat. 10. 43. S.
Carlo, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, about 20
miles in circ. It has a town in the centre,
called Kirkby. Lon. 24. 40. E. Lat. 65. 2. N
Carlos Bay, bay on the coast of East Florida,
in the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 82. 20. W. Lat.
26. 40. N.
Carlobago, or Carlbpago, X. Austria, in Croa
tian military district, on the gulf of Quarnero, in
Morlachia; 40 S. Bukari. Lon. 15. 13. E.
Eat. 44. 32. N. Pop. 788. H. 192. It is situated
at the foot of a craggy mountain, near the
channel which separates the island of Pago
from the continent, which is about two miles
across, and on account of the wind sometimes
impassable for several days successively. Near
the town is a convent of capuchins.
Cdrlosa, X. Brazil, on the St. Francis. Lat. 15. S.
Carlollo, (La,) flourishing village, Spain, in
Andalusia ; 15 S. Cordova. The houses are
Scattered about ; the parish church, inn, direc
tor's house, some shops and dwellings for
handicraftsmen, form a very neat village on
an eminence.
Carlovassi, X. on N. coast of Samos. Lon. 26.
46 E. Lat. 37. 51. N.
Carlovitza, or Carlowitz, or Karlowitz, X.
Aust. Sclavonia, on the Danube ; 7 SE. Peter-
wardein, 30 NW. Belgrade- Pop. 5,797. Greek
Abp. see. Here is a Greek gymnasium, which
had, in 1817, 164 students. It contains 850
houses ; 300 of stone, the others mean huts.
This town is remarkable for a peace concluded
here, in 1699, between the emperor of Germa
ny and the Turks.
Carlow, or Catherlough, co. Ireland, bounded
N. by Queen's county, Kildare, ai. Wicklow,
SE. by Wexford, SW. and. W. b> Xilkenny ;
26 miles long, and 23 in its greatest breadth.
It contains 214 square m':les, and 220,098 Eng
lish acres, and 50 parishes. Pop. estimated. at
78,000. H. 13;000. Some parts are rough and
mountainous, but others are plain and fertile.
The principal towns are Carlow, Leighlin-
bridge, and Tullow. Three members are re
turned to parliament ; 2 for the county, and 1
for the town of Carlow.
Carlow, t Ireland, in Carlow, on E. side of
the Barrow; 16 NNE. Kilkennv, 34 WSW.
Wicklow. Lon.>6. 58. W. Lat. 52. 50. N. Pop.
6,575. It is the county town, well built, and
finely situated in a rich and highly varied
country. The Roman Catholics have a large
seminary here. It sends 1 member to parlia
ment. Carlsbad, or Kaisercarlsbad, or Wary, X. Bohe
mia, In Elnbotren, on the river To pal, near the
F.gra ; 6 NE. Elnbogen, 56 W. Prague. Lon.
12. 52. E. Lat. 50. 12. N. Pop. 2,366. It
is situated in a narrow valley, between moun

tains, and is famous for its hot mineral waters.
The town derives its chief support from the
strangers, who visit the place on account of
the waters. — A conference of the allied sove
reigns of Europe was held here in 1819.
Carlsbago, s-p. Croatia, with a good harbour;
S. ofZengg. Pop. 995.
Carlsbrun, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 6 S.
Leutmischl. Carlsburg, Alba Carolina, or Belgrad, (an,
Apulum, and Alba Julia,) X. Trannsylvania, on
the Marosch ; 32 NW. Hermanstadt, 49 S. by
W. Clausenburg. Lon. 23. 35. E. Lat. 46. 4. N.
Pop. 5,500. Bp. see. It was formerly the resi
dence of the princes of Transylvania, and now
the chief town of a palatinate of the same name.
It contains 2 Greek chh., 1 Luth., 1 Ref., and 2
synagogues. It is pleasantly situated at the foot
of a chain of mountains, bounded on the E. by
a fertile valley, and is a well built town, and
the only regular fortress in the country.
Carlsbwrg, or Carlestadl, X. Hanover, in Bre
men ; 25 W. Stade, 30 N. Bremen. Lon. 8. 37.
E. Lat. 53. 33. N.
Carlscrona, or Carlscroon, s-p. Sweden, cap. of
the province of Blekingen, or Carlscrona. Lon .
15. 33. E. Lat. 56. 17. N. Pop. in 1810, 10,639 ;
in 1815, 1 1,860. The greatest part stands upon
a small rocky island, which rises gently in a
bay of the Baltic ; the suburbs extend over
another small rock, and along the mole close to
the basin, where the fleet is moored. It isadorned
with one or two handsome churches, and a few
tolerable houses of brick, but the generality of
the buildings are of wood. The suburbs are
fortified towards the land by a stone wall. The
entrance into the harbour, which by nature is
extremely difficult, from a number of shoals
and rocky islands, is still further secured from
the attack of an enemy's fleet, by 2 strong forts,
built on 2 islands, under the batteries of which
all vessels must pass. The harbour is large
and commodious, with depth of water sufficient
for ships of the first rate. The exports are timber,
tar, potash, tallow, and marble. Carlscrona is
the principal depot of the Swedish navy.
Carlsfeld, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 16 S.
Zwickau, 28 SSW. Chemnitz. Pop. 636.
Carlshamn, or Carlshaven, s-p. Sweden, in
Blekingen in the Baltic ; 22 W. Carlscrona,
Lon. 14. 51. E. Lat. 56. 11. N. Pop. in 1815,
3,849. Here is a woollen manufacture, and a
forge for copper, and a timber yard.
Carlshaven, X. Hesse Cassel, at the conflux of
the Dimel and the Weser, with a harbour for
boats.; 1 E. Helmershausen. Pop. 1,110.
Carlshoff, islet in the S. Pacific ocean, about
9 miles in circ. Lon. 140. 30. W. Lat. 15. 45. N.
Carlesmarckt, t. Pru. Silesia, in Brieg, on the
Stober ; 8 NE. Grottgau, 9 E. Brieg. Lon. 17.
40. E. Lat 50. 47. N. Pop. 400.
Carlsoar, small island in the Baltic, near W.
coast of the island of Gothland.
Carlsruhe, i. e. the rest or repose of Charles, X.
Ger., capital of the grand duchy of Baden, in
Pfinz-and-Enz ; 3 miles E. of the Rhine, 2
NW. Durlach, 34 S. Manheim, 34 NW. Stut-
gard,'44 NE. Strasburg. Lon. 20. 45. E. Lat.
49. N. Pop. in 1812, 13,711; Luth. 8,928;
Cath. 3,433 ; Ref. 605 ; Jews 737. Pop. in 1819,

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15,100. H. 940. It was founded in 1715 by
the margrave Charles William, and is now the
residence of the grand duke of Baden, who has
a fine palace and delightful gardens. The plan
of the town is regular, but very singular, being
in the form of a fan ; the palace being taken
as the centre, the streets proceed at equal dis
tances, in the form of radii. The number of
streets in the original plan was 32 ; of which
only 9 have been built, all close to each other.
The remaining 23 are lined with poplars, which
add much to the beauty of the town. The
houses are constructed with as much regularity
as the streets, being almost all of stone, and of
equal size and height. The town is surrounded
by a forest, and the view from the top of the
palace is extremely beautiful.
The palace is surrounded by a botanic gar
den, and contains a libraiy of 70,000 volumes,
a philosophical apparatus, a cabinet of minerals
and medals, and a cabinet of natural history.
The town contains 5 churches, a lyceum with
17 teachers, an institution for the deaf and
dumb, and other seminaries. The chief sup
port of the town is derived from the court and
some petty manufactures, adapted to fashiona
ble company.
Carlsruhe, (Pokoy,) X. Pru. Silesia, in Oppeln.
Pop. 600.
Carlstadt, t. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 150
NNE. Gottenburg, 170 W. Stockholm. Lon.
13. 9. E. Lat. 59. 20. N. Fop. 2,375. Bp. see,
and has a gymnasium. It is built on an island,
called Tingwalla, in the river Clara, on N. side
of the Wenner lake, agreeably situated, and
commercial, with manufactures of woollen and
linen, copper, and iron. Near it is a medicinal
spring. Carlstadt, X. Bavaria, Lower Maine, on the
Maine ; 12 NW. Wurzburg. Pop. 2,083.
Carlstadt, or Carlowitz, X. Croatia, Aust. Illyr-
ia, in Laybach, capital of a circle, at the con
flux of the rivers Culpa and Corona ; 65 E. by
N. Fiume, 164 SSW. Vienna, 204 W. Belgrade.
Pop. 3,224. Greek bp. see. It is the most ac
tive trading town in Croatia. — Pop. of the cir
cle 108,205. Sq. m. 1,441.
Carlsteiri, fortress, Sweden, in Bohus, near
the town of Marstrand.
Carlstein, citadel, Bohemia, in the circle of
Beraun ; 5 E. Beraun.
Carlton's Island, island in the St. Lawrence,
with an excellent harbour, store-house, fort,
and garrison.
Carlton Island, isl. in lake Ontario, a little E.
Wolf island.
Carlucet, X. France, in Lot ; 9 E. Gourdon.
Carlus, X. France, in Dordogne ; 6 E. Sariat
Carmagnola, t. Piedmont, in Turin ; 11 SSE.
Turin, 13 NNE. Saluzzo. Lon. 7. 43. E. Lat.
44. 50. N. Pop. 12,000. Here are 4 large
fauxbourgs, 500 paces from the town ; they are
well peopled, and divided into 4 parishes. Car
magnola has only one parish within the walls.
The market is very much frequented, not only
by the Piedmontese, but also by the inhabitants
of Dauphiny, Nice, and the country of the
Genevese. Carmagnac, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon.
15. 2. E. Lat 44. 30. N.
Carmana, now Sirgian.

Carmania, now Kerman.
Carmarthen, now Caermarthen.
Carmeaux, t. France, in Tarn. Pop, 849.
Carmeden, v. Prussia. — Here the Prussians
were defeated by the French, in 1806.
Carmel, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 35 NNW.
Castine, 240 NE. Boston, W. 670. Pop. 153.
Carmel, p-t. Putnam co. N. Y. ; 26 SE
Poughkeepsie, W, 314. Fjp. 2,247.
Carmel, mountain, or mountainous region,
Palestine, about 2,000 feet in height. It lies on
the Mediterranean, 10 S. Acre. Lat. 32. 30. N.
Its sides are steep and rugged, and it has the
shape of a flattened cone, and is very rocky.
The Carmelites have still a convent on this
mountain ; and there are many remains of mo
nasteries, and other magnificent buildings.
Carmel Water, r. Scot, which runs into the
Irvine, in Renfrewshire.
Carmen, or Karmoe, isl. near west coast of
Norway, about 14 miles long, and 2 broad. Lat.
59. 30. N.
Carmi, p-t. Si cap. White co. Illinois, on the
Little Wabash, 20 miles above its mouth, 40 N.
Shawneetown, W. 831. It is a flourishing town,
situated in a very fertile country. The Little
Wabash is navigable for some distance above
the town.
Carmignano, X. Naples, Otranto ; 10 N. Nardo.
Carmina, t. Grand Bukharia ; 30 NE. Buk
haria. Carmo, X. Brazil, in Goyas, on the river To
cantin ; 145 NE. Villaboa. Lat. 15. 18. N.
Carmona, (an. Carmo,) X. Spain, in Andalusia;
33 NE. Seville, 40 SW. Cordova. Lon. 5. 40.
W. Lat. 37. 28. N. Pop. 12,685. It was es
teemed by Caesar one of the strongest towns
in the country. Carmona is a large town,
standing boldly on a high hill. Its castle, in
rains, covers a vast extent of ground, and con
tains many buildings, that served for a palace
and fortress to Don Pedro the Cruel, and his
family. — Carmona has many Roman remains
of walls, inscriptions, Sic. to shew as proofs of
its ancient importance.
Carmona, t. Spain, in Toledo ; 15 Toledo-
Pop. 2,400.
Carmulla, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 70 N.
Visiapour, 88 E. Poonah. Lon. 75. 22. E. Lat.
18. 40. N. It is a considerable town, with a
stone fort.
Canta, t. Italy ; 7 SSW. Breno.
Carnabat, X. Eu. Turkey, in Ttomania, cele
brated for its manufacture of Turkey leather .;
50 W. Burgas.
Carnac, X. Egypt, on a part of the site of the
ancient Thebes, on the right bank of the Nile,
where there are some magnificent ruins. See
Luxor ein and Thebes.
Carnada, see Carnatic.
Carnal Manzala, X. Arabia ; 40 ESE. Mecca.
Carnamart, r. Irelend, which runs into Gal
way bay, 12 W. Loughrea.
Carnaprayaga, v. Hind., in Sirinagur. Lon.
79. 15.^. Lat 30. 17. N.
Carnarven, see Caemamen. .
Carnatic, country, Hind., lying along ,lhe
coast of Coromandel, from Cape Comorin, in
Lat. 8. to 16. N. ; 500 miles in length, andfrom
40 to 100 in breadth. The Carnatic, orCarna-

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da, anciently called Narasinha, in early periods
was subject to the king of Bisnagar. Since the
year 1787, the whole country has been under
the subjection or absolute control of the Eng
lish East India Company. The soil is generally
sandy, and the climate is one of the hottest in
India. The country of Ongole, Mudura, and
Tinevelly, is included in the Carnatic. The
principal towns are Arcot, Madras, Ongole,
Pondicherry, Cuddalore, Tanjore, Tritchinopo-
ly, Madura, and Tinevelly. The principal rivers
are the Pennar, the Paliar, and the Cauvery.
Carnatic Gur, t Carnatic ; 18 SW. Arcot.
Carnaul, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 50 N. Patna.
Lon. 76. 47. E. Lat. 29. 42. N.— Two battles
were fought here, in 1739 and 1761.
Camoul, X. Hind., in the Balaghaut district ;
127 SSW. Madras.
Carnschuinaig, mt. Scot, near Kincardine, in
the county of Ross.
Carneland, cluster of small islands in the
Spanish Main, near the coast of Nicaragua.
Lon. 83. 46. W. Lat. 13. N.
Camera, one of the smaller Cape Verde isl
ands, which is little more than a rock.
Carnero, see Quarnero.
Carness, cape, Scot., on N. coast of the isl
and of Pomona; 2 N. Kirkwall. Lon. 2. 48.
W. Lat. 58. 53. N.
Carnesville, or Franklin, p-t. Si cap., Frank
lin co., Georgia, on the Salwegee ; 125 NW.
Augusta, W. 641. Pop. in 1810, 88.
Carnia, t. Ceylon, with hot springs ; 6 S.
Trinkamaly. Cornet, X. France, in Channel; 11 S. Avran
ches. H. 230.
Carnew, v. Ireland, in Wexford.
Carney, X. Syria ; 5 S. Bairout. '
Carnicobar, small isl. in the Indian sea, and
the most northerly of those called Nicobar.
Lon. 93. 12. E. Lat. 9. 10. N. Carnicobar is
a low level island, hardly more than 6 feet
above the level of the sea, exceedingly fertile.
Industry is unkown, for nature supplies all the
wants of the inhabitants ; nor is it understood
that they have any religion.
Carniola, (Duchy of,) countiy, Austria,
bounded N. by Stiria and Carinthia, E.by Dal
matia and Croatia, S. by Istria and the Adriatic,
and W. by Goritz, Friuli, and the Adriatic.
It measures, in its greatest extent, 120 miles from
E. to W. and 100 from N. to S. It is for the
most part mountainous ; some of the moun
tains are covered with wood, others are naked,
and many of them have their tops continually
covered with snow. There are, however,
many fruitful valleys and fields, which yield
not only good pasturage, but excellent corn,
hemp, flax, and millet. The country contains
mines of iron, quicksilver, cinnabar, lead, alum,
marble, Sic The manufactures are woollens,
linens, and lace. The common people are of
Scalvonic origin, but the nobility are for the
most part Germans. The two principal lan
guages are the Scalvonic and the German.
Most of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics.
The duchy of Carniola was divided into Up
per Carniola, of which Laybach is the capital ;
Lower Carniola, the principal town of which is
Gurckfeld, or Kersko; Middle Carniola, the

capital of which is Gottschee ; Inner Carniola,
of which Duin, or Tybein, is the chief town ;
and Austrian Istria, including the county of
Mitterberg, the signiory of Castua, the territory
of Idria, the territory of Tulmino, the county
of Goritz, the county of Gradisca, and the ter
ritory of Aculega. The principal rivers are the
Save, Laybach, Gurk, and Culpa. — Carniola
now forms a part of the Austrian government
of Laybach, in Illyria, and is divided into the
3 following circles : Sq.m. Pop.
Laybach,  1,426  139,088
Neustadtel,... 1,647  166,527
Adelsburg  1,460......104,200
4,533 ¦ 409,815
Carnitz, X. Pomerania ; 5 N. Greiffenberg.
Carno, r. Wales which rich runs into the Se
vern, in Montgomeryshire.
Carnoet, or Cornet, X. France, in North-
Coasts; 18 SW. Guingamp. Pop. 1,100.
Carnon, see Cornom.
Carnoulles, X. France, Var ; 15 ENE. Toulon .
Carnsore Point, SE. point of Ireland, in the
county of Wexford, in St. George's Channel.
Lon. 6.20. W. Lat. 52. 11. N.
Carntogher, mountains, Ireland, between the
counties of Londonderry and Tyrone ; 14 S.
Londonderry. Carnuntum, now Petronell
Carnwrath, t. Scot, Lanerkshire ; 23 SW.
Edinburgh. Pop. 2,680.
Caro, X. Piedmont ; 13 E. Ceva, 16 S. Acqui.
Caro,, t. France, Morbihan ; 30 NE. Vannes.
Caroea, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa, a little S. of Prince's island.
Lon. 7. 15. E. . Lat. 1. 36. N.
Carocedo, X. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montes ; 6
S. Outeiro.
Carolalh, t. Silesia, capital of a district, in
Glogau, on the Oder ; 15 S. Gros Glogau, 20 ,
NE. Sagan. Lon. 15. 50. E. Lat. 51. 44. N.
Pop. 625.
CAROLINA, (NORTH,) one of the U. S. ;
boundedN. by Virginia, E.by the Atlantic, S.by
S.Carolina, and W. by Tennessee. Lon. 75.45.
to 84. W. Lat. 33. 50. to 36.30. N. ; 430 m. long,
and 180 broad. Sq. m. 48,000. Pop. in 1790,
393,751; in 1800, 478,103 ; in 1810, 555,500;
179,090 blacks. Pop. in 1820, 638,829; whites
419,200 ; white males 209,644 ; white females,
209,556 ; slaves 205,017 ; free coloured 14,912.
Persons engaged in agriculture 174,196; in
manufactures 11,844; in commerce 2,551.
Militia in 1817, 50,387.
TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE.
1810. 1820.
Counties. Pop. Pop. Chief Towns.
Anson 8,831 12,534 Wadesborough.
Ashe 3,694 4,335 Ashe
Beaufort 7,203 9,850 Washington
Bertie 11,218 10,805 Windsor
Bladen 5,671 7,276 Elizabethtown
Brunswick 4,778 5,480 Brunswick
Buncombe 9,277 10,542 Ashville
Burke 11,007 13,411 Morgantown
Cabarras 6,158 7,248 Concord
Camden 5,347 6,347 Jonesburg
Carteret 4,823 5,609 Beaufort

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Caswell 11,757 13,253 Leasburg
Chatham 12,977 12,661 Pittsborough
Chowan 5,297 6,464 Edenton
Columbus 3,022 3,912 Whitesville
Craven 12,676 13,394 Newbern
Cumberland 9,382 14,446 Fayetteville
Currituck 6,985 8,098 Indiantown
Duplin 7,863 9,744 Sarecto
Edgecomb 12,423 13,276 Tarborough
Franklin 10,166 9,741 Louisburg
Gates 5,965 6,837 C. H.
Granville 15,576 18,222 Williamsborough
Greene 4,867 4,533 Snow Hill
Guilford 11,420 14,511 Martinville
Halifax 15,620 17,237 Halifax
Haywood 2,780 4,073 C. H.
Hertford 6,052 7,712 Winton
Hyde 6,029 4,967 Germantown
Iredell 10,972 13,071 Statesville
Johnson 6,867 9,607 Smithfield
Jones 4,968 5,216 Trenton
Lenoir 5,572 6,799 Kingston
Lincoln 16,359 18,147 Lincolnton
Martin 5,987 6,320 Willjamston
Mecklinburg 14,272 16,895 Charlotte
Montgomery 8,430 8,693 Henderson
Moore 6,367 7,128 Alfordstown
Nash 7,268 8,185 CH.
10,866 Wilmington
13,242 C. H.
Onslow " 6,669 7,016 Swansborough
Orange 20,135 23,492 Hillsborough
Pasquotank 7,674 8,008 Nixonton
Pitt 9,169 10,001 Greenville
Perquimans 6,052 6,857 Hartford
Person 6,642 9,029 Roxborough
Randolph 10,112 11,331 C. H.
Richmond 6,695 7,537 Rockingham
Robeson 7,528 8,204 Lumberton
Rockingham 10,316 11,474 Danbury
Rowan 21,543 26,009 Salisbury
Rutherford 13,202 15,351 Rutherfordton
Sampson - 6,620 8,908 C. H.
Stokes 11,645 14,083 Salem
Surry 10,366 12,320 C. H.
Tyrell 3,364 4,319 Elizabethtown
Wake 17,086 20,102 Raleigh
Warren 11,004 11,158 Warrenton
Washington 3,464 3,986 Plymouth
Wayne 8,687 9,040 Waynesborough
Wilkes 9,054 9,967 Wilkesborough

New Hanoverll,465
Northampton 13,082

Total 555,500 638,829
Towns. There are no large townsin this state.
Raleigh is the seat of government. The other
most considerable towns are Newbern, Fayette
ville, Wilmington, Edenton, Washington, Hills
borough, Halifax, Tarborough, Salisbury, and
Salem. Education. There is a college at Chapel
Hill, and academies are established at Raleigh,
Warrenton, Fayetteville, Newbern, Salem,
Salisbury, Pittsborough, Louisburg, Oxford, Wil
liamsborough, Murfreesborough, Wilmington,
Tarborough, Hillsborough, Greensville, Greens-
borough, Shoccoe Springs, in Halifax co., and
in some other places. An increasing attention
is now paid to education in this state.
Government. The legislative power is vested
in a senate and house of commons, both chosen

annually. . One senator and two members of
the house of commons are sent from each
county ; and one of the latter from each of the
towns of Newbern, Wilmington, Edenton,
Fayetteville, Halifax, Salisbury, and Hillsbo
rough. The governor is chosen by joint ballot
of both houses, and is eligible 3 years in 6.
Religion. The principal denominations of
Christians in N. C, are Methodists, Baptists,
Presbyterians, Quakers, Moravians, and Episco
palians. Rivers. The principal rivers are the Roan
oke, Chowan, Neuse, Pamlico or Tar, Cape
Fear, and Yadkin.
Face of the country. N. C, in its whole width ,
for about 60 miles from the sea, is generally a
dead level, varied only by occasional openings,
in the immense forest with which it is covered.
After traversing this tedious plain we are at length
relieved by the appearance of hills and moun
tains ; from the summits of which we behold a
beautiful countiy stretching west far beyond the
range of vision, and adorned with forests of
lofty trees.
Soil Sf productions. In the level parts, the soil
generally is but indifferent. On the banks of some
of the rivers, however, and particularly the Roan
oke, it is remarkably fertile ; andinotherpartsof
this champaign country, glades of rich swamp,
and ridges of oak-land, of a black and fruitful
soil, form an exception to its general sterility.
The sea coasts, the sounds, inlets, and lower
parts of rivers, have invariably a soft muddy
bottom. That part of the state which lies west
of the mountains is for the most part remarka
bly fertile, and abounds with oak trees of va
rious kinds, walnut, elm, linn, and cherry trees ;
the last of which grows there to such a size
that, many of them are 3 feet in diameter. The
soil and productions, in the hilly country, are
nearly the same as in the northern states.
Wheat, rye, barley, oats, and flax, are the crops
most generally cultivated, and seem to suit
well the nature of the soil. Throughout the
whole state Indian corn and pulse of all kinds
are abundant. Cotton is raised in considerable
quantities. Of the plains in the low country, the large
natural growth is almost universally pitch
pine, a tall and beautiful tree, which, grows
here to a size far superior to the pitch pine of
the northern states. This valuable tree affords
pitch, tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lum
ber, which, together constitute about one half
of the exports of N. C. It is of two kinds, the
common and the long leaved. The latter dif
fers from other pines, not in shape, but in the
length of its leaves, which are nearly half a
yard long, and hang in large clusters. The trees
in the low countriesboth of N. and S. Carolina,
are loaded with quantities of a long, spongy
moss, which, hanging in clusters from the limbs,
give the forests a singular appearance. The
misletoe frequently engrafts itself upon the
trees in the back countiy. In this part plums,
grapes, blackberries, and strawberries grow
spontaneously ; also several valuable medicinal
plants, as ginseng, Virginia snake root, Seneca
snake root, and some others. The rich bottoms
are overgrown with canes, the leaves of which

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336

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continue green through the winter, and afford
good pasture for cattle.
Agriculture^ North-Carolina is far removed
from that perfection of culture which is neces
sary to give it the full advantage of the natural
richness of its soil and the value of its produc
tions. One great cause of its backwardness, in
agricultural improvement, is the want of inland
navigation and of good harbours. It has sever
al large rivers, but their mouths are blocked
up with bars of hard sand. The best of the in
different harbours in this state are Wilmington,
Newbern, and Edenton. The most of the pro
duce of the upper country, consisting of tobacco,
wheat, maize, Sic has hitherto been carried to
Charleston S. C, and to Lynchburgh, and Pe
tersburg, Va. Since 1815 the state has been
zealously engaged in an extensive system of
internal improvements. These improvements
relate to the navigation of the sound, inlets,
and the rivers Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Cape
Fear, Yadkin, Catawba, Sic. ; the construction
of canals, and roads, and the draining of marsh
es and swamps.
Climate. Like all the southern states, N. C. has
a considerable diversity of climate, occasioned
by the physical peculiarities of its different parts.
In the level part of the country intermittent
fevers are frequent during the summer and au
tumn. During thesesickly seasons the counte
nances of the inhabitants have a pale yellowish
hue, occasioned by the prevalence of billions
affections. Many fall victims during the winter
to pleurisies and peripneumonies. In the wes
tern and hilly parts, the air is as pure and sa
lubrious as in any part of America, and the inha
bitants live to a great age. The heat of the sum
mer's day is succeeded in the evening by a
grateful and refreshing coolness. Autumn is
/temperate and serene, and in some years the
.winters are so mild, that autumn may be said
to continue till spring. Wheat harvest com
mences in the beginning of June, and that of
Indian corn early in September.
CAROLINA, (SOUTH,) one of the U. S.
bounded N. by North -Carolina, E. by the At
lantic, SW. Si W. by Georgia. Lon. 78. 24. to
83. 30. W. Lat. 32. to 35 .8. N. ; 200 miles long,
126 broad ; containing 28,000 square miles.
Pop. in 1790, 240,000; in 1800, 345,591; in
1810,415,115 ; 200,919 blacks; in 1820,502,741 ;
whites, 237,440; white males, 120,934; White
females, 1 16,506 ; slaves, 258,475; free coloured
«,«26. Militia in 1821,23,729.
TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE.
1810. 1820,
Districts. Poo.
Abbeville 21U50
Barnwell 12,280
Beaufort 25,887

Charleston city 24,711
Charleston dist 38,468

Chester Chesterfield
ColletonDarlington
Edgefield Fairfield Georgetown
Greenville

11,479 5,564
26,369 9,047

Pop. 23,-167 14,750
32,19924,78033,13022,302 6,645
26,404 10,949

Chief Towns.
AbbevilleBarnwell Beaufort

ChesterChesterfield
Dorchester Darlington

Horry
Kershaw LancasterLaurensLexington Marion Marlborough NewburyOrangeburguPendletonRichland Spartanburgh SumterUnion
Williamsburgh
York

4,349

3,025

9,867

12,432

6,318

8,716

14,982

14,189

6,641

8,083

8,884

10,201

4,966

6,425

13,964

16,104

13,229

15,653

22,897

27,022

•9*027

12,321

14,259

16,989

10*054

25,369

10,995

14,126

l -6,871

8,716

10,032

14,936

Conwaybor'gh Camden
Lancaster Laurens Granby
Marion Marlborough
NewburyOrangeburghPendleton Columbia Spartan burgh
Statesville
UnionWilliamsbtirghYork

23,160 25,119 Edgefield
11,857 17,174 Winnsborougn
15,679 17,603 Georgetown
13,133 14.530 -Greenville

415,115 502,740
Towns. Columbia is the seat of government.
Charleston is the largest town. The other most
considerable towns are Georgetown, Beaufort,
and Camden.
Education. There ds a college at Columbia,
which is liberally supported. Colleges have also
been incorporated at Beaufort, Winnsborough,
and Cambridge ; but they have not taken a
higher rank than academies. There are also
academies at Camden, Orangeburgh,5Pmeville,
Columbia, and some other places. There is>a
considerable and increasing attention paid to
education. Free schools are established through
out the state, and $30,000 annually appropriat
ed by the legislature to their support.
Government. The legislature consists of a sen
ate and house of representatives. The senate
consists of 43 members, chosen every 4 years
by districts. The representatives are chosen
every 2 years. The governor and lieutenant
governor are chosen biennially, by a joint bal
lot of both houses.
Religion. The principal denominations of
Christians in S. C. are Presbyterians, Episcopa
lians, Baptists, and Methodists.
Manners and customs. The distinguishing vir
tues of the Carolinians are hospitality to stran
gers, and charity to the indigent and distressed.
The planters, who in general have large in
comes, live in a luxurious and splendid style,
devoting much of their time to the pursuit of
pleasure, and possessing much of that pride and
dignity of spirit, which characterize an inde
pendent countiy gentleman. The virtues of the
farmers of the upper countiy are less brilliant,
but more substantial. They have fewer vices,
are of more frugal and industrious habits, and
exhibit greater fortitude in the reverses of .for
tune. Labour in the lower country is perform
ed almost entirely by slaves.
Rivers. The, principal rivers are the Wacca-
maw, Pedee, Black River, Santee, Cooper,
Ashley, Slono, Edisto, Asheppo, Cambah.ee,
Coosaw, Broad, and Savannah.
Face of the country. South Carolina is divid
ed by nature into two parts, which, from their
physical situation, have been called Upper and
Lower Carolina. The latter is supposed to
have once been under the dominion of the
ocean. Towards the coast the countiy is a
level plain, extending more than 100 miles
westward from the sua. Here the eye-finds no

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337

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relief from the dull uniformity of boundless
forests, swamps, and level fields. This fatigu
ing plain is succeeded by a curious range of
little sand hills, resembling the waves of an
agitated sea. This singular country occupies
an extent of about 60 miles. It is extremely
barren, enlivened here and there by spots of
verdure, or by some straggling pines ; and its
few inhabitants earn a scanty subsistence by
the cultivation of corn and sweet potatoes.
After passing these sand hills, we come next to
a remarkable tract of ground, called the Ridge,
which, on its approach from the sea, is lofty and
bold, but on the northwest is level from its sum
mit. This is a fine belt of land, extending from
the Savannah to Broad river, fertile, well cul
tivated, and watered by considerable streams.
The countiy beyond this ridge resembles, in
its scenery, the most interesting of the northern
states. The traveller is gratified by the pleas
ant alternation of hill and dale ; the lively ver
dure of the hills is contrasted with the deeper
tints of the extensive forests, which decorate
their sides ; and in the valleys'-broad rivers roll
their streams through the varied beauties of
luxuriant and cultivated fields. From these de
lightful regions the ground still continues to rise,
till we reach the western limit of the state.
Here 7 or 8 mountains run in regular direction,
the most distinguished of which is Table Moun
tain ; other mountains are Oolenoy, Oconee,
Paris's, Glassey, Hogback, and King's. These
are all in the districts of Pendleton, Greenville,
Spartanburg, and York.
Soil. The soil of S. C. is divided into six
classes ; 1. Tide swamp. 2. Inland swamp. 3.
High river swamp, or low grounds, distinguish
ed by the name of second low grounds. 4. Salt
marsh. 5. Oak and hickory high land. 6. Pine
barren. The first two classes are peculiarly
adapted to the culture of rice and hemp ; the
third is most favourable to the growth of hemp,
corn, and indigo. The salt marsh has been
much neglected. The oak and hickory land is
remarkably fertile, and well adapted to the cul
ture of corn, as well as indigo and cotton. The
pine barren, though the least productive, is so
much more salubrious than the other soils in
the low country, that a proportion of pine bar
ren is an appendage indispensably necessary to
every swamp plantation.
Productions. The staple commodities of this
state are cotton and rice, of which great quan
tities are annually exported. These -articles
have so engrossed the attention of the planters,
that the culture of wheat, barley, oats, and
other crops equally useful, but less profitable,
has been almost wholly neglected. So little
wheat is raised throughout the state that con
siderable quantities are annually imported.
Cotton was not raised in any considerable
quantities till as late as 1795. Before that pe
riod indigo was, next to rice, the most import
ant article of produce ; but it is now neglected.
Tobacco thrives well. The exports, in 1816,
amounted to 10,849,409 dollars. The fruits
which flourish best are pears, pomegranates,
ahd water melons ; the latter in particular,
grow to an enormous size, and are superior
perhaps to any in the world. Other fruits are
Vol. I. 43

figs, apricots, nectarines, apples, peaches, olives,
almonds, and oranges.
Climate. The period of vegetation compre
hends, in favourable years, from 7 to 8 months,
commencing in January or February, and ter
minating in October or November. The frosts
generally in the months of Nov., Dec, Jan., and
Feb., are too severe for the delicate productions
of more southern latitudes. The low country
is seldom covered with snow; but the moun
tains near the western boundary, are often
mantled in that wintry robe. Frost sometimes
binds up the earth, but seldom penetrates deep
er than two inches, or lasts longer than 3 or_4
days. At some seasons, and particularly m
February, the weather is very variable. The
temperature has been known to vary 46 de
grees in one day. In Charleston for 7 years the
thermometer was not known to rise above 93
degrees, or to fall below 17 above 0. The num
ber of extreme hot days in Charleston is sel
dom more than 30 in a year ; and there are
about as many sultry nights, in which the heat
and closeness of the air are such as to prevent
the enjoyment of sound sleep.
The low countiy is infested with all the dis
eases which spring from a warm, moist, and
unelastic atmosphere. Of these the most fre
quent are fevers, from which the inhabitants
suffer more than from any, or perhaps from all
other diseases together. The districts of the
upper country enjoy as salubrious a climate as
any part of the United States.
Carolina, (La,) X. Spain, and chief of a new
settlement in the Morena mountains ; 20 NE.
Andujar, 28 N. Jaen. Pop. 2,050. It stands on
a fine hill that towers over the whole settle
ment, and indeed over most parts of the prov
inces of Grenada and Cordova. The whole
town is new from the foundations; the streets
are wide, and drawn in straight lines, but the
ground is not sufficiently levelled. The houses
are upon an uniform plan, without the least
decoration. Caroline, or Speedwell, p-t Tioga co. N. Y. ;
12 NE. Spencer, W. 342. Pop. 1,608.
Caroline, co. E. side of Md., bounded NW. by
Queen Anne co., E. by Delaware, S. by Dor
chester co., and W. by Talbot co. Pop. in 1810,
9,453 ; slaves 1,520. Pop. in 1820, 10,108.
Chief town, Denton.
Caroline, co. Va., bounded N. by the Rappa-
hannoc, ESE. by Essex, King and Queen, and
King William cos., SW. by Hanover co., and
NW. bv Spotsylvania co. Pop. in 1810, 17,544;
slaves "10,764. Pop. in 1820, 18,008. Chief
towns, Port Royal, and Bowling Green.
Caroline, or New Philippine Islands, chain of
islands in the Pacific ocean, lying in Lon. 136. to
156. E. and Lat. 6. to 10. N. They are suppos
ed to be 30 in number; but are little known to
European navigators.
Carolstadt, see Carlstadt.
Carolunga, X. Walachia ; 12 SSW. Ibraili. .
Caroly, or Curute, one of the Laccadive isl.
in the Indian sea. Lon. 72. 35. E. Lat. 10. 32. N.
Caromb, t. France, in Vaucluse ; 5 Carpen-
tras. Pop. 2,263.
Coron, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 75 S. Suster.
Corona, t. Switz., in Tesin ; 4 S. Lugano.

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Carondelet, or Vide Poche, French village,
Missouri; on the bank of the Mississippi, six
miles below St. Louis, nearly opposite to Caho-
kia. Pop. about 500. It is a beautiful and ro
mantic village.
Carongoly, t. Carnatic ; 40 S. Madras.
Caronia, X. Sicily, near N. coast in the valley
of Demona, on the river'of the same name ; 5
NE. Mistretta. Lon. ,14. 40. E. Lat. 38. 6. N.
Carora, X. S. A. in Venezuela ; 70 S. Vene
zuela ; 110 NE. Gibraltar. Lon. 69. 36. W.
Lat. 9. 52. N. Pop. 6,200. It is situated on
Morera river, is well built, and has some trade.
The inhabitants of the vicinity are employed
chiefly in rearing cattle.
Caroni, r. S. America, which runs into the
Orinoco, 72 leagues from its mouth. Lon. 63.
W. Lat. 8. 30. N. It is a large river, wide and
deep, but of so rapid a current as to be useless
for navigation. lis source is upwards of 400
miles from its mouth.
Caroon Billet, see Beled Kerun.
Caroor, see Carroor.
Carori, r. Guiana, S. A. which runs into the
Orinoco. Lat. 8. 25. N.
Carosa, X. Italy, on the Po, opposite Piacenza.
Carotcotty, X. Thibet ; 57 S. Gangotri.
Cdrouge, t. France, in Orne; 12 NW. Alen-
con. Pop. 1,950.
Carouge, see Carrouge.
Carovigno, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 3 E. Osluni.
Pop. 2,819.
Caroul, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 25 ESE.1
Koudur. Corp River, r. N. A. which runs into lake Su
perior, Lon. 85. 33. W. Lat. 46. 32. N.
Carp River, r. N. A. which runs into lake
Michigan, Lon. 85. 10. W. Lat. 44. 50. N.
Carpanadigo, X. Genoa ; 9 ENE. Genoa.
Carpanedo, X. Italy, in the Trevisan, on the
Brenta ; 5 SSW. Cismone, 10 N. Bassano.
Carpansano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 5
N. Martorano.
Carpas, or Carpasy, X. Cyprus ; 22 NNE. Fa-
magusta. It is situated on a promontory at NE.
part of the island, founded about 2 miles from
the ancient COrpasia; the residence of an aga
and a cady ; about it are the ruins of several
churches. Carpathian, or Crapale Mountains, (an. Car-
pathes,) chain of mountains reaching from the
borders of Saxony to the Black sea, and sepa
rating Moravia from Silesia, Transylvania and
, Hungary from Galicia and Bukowine, and Wa
lachia from Moldavia. They are a continua
tion of the . Bohemian range, but are much
higher. They are rich in minerals. The most
elevated summits are in Hungary, and are cov
ered with perpetual snow. Some of the high
est summits are Lomnitz, Krivan, and Kesmark.
Carpathos, X. S. A. in Peru, and jurisdiction
of Guamalies. Most of the inhabitants' are wea
vers, or employed in manufacturing baizes and
serges. Carpalhus, now Scarpanto.
Carpella, now Cape Jaques.
Carpegna, X. Popedom, in Urbino; 12 W.
Urbino. "
Carpenedolo, X. Italy ; 15 SSE. Brescia. Pop.
4,000.

Carpentaria, large bay on N. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 130. 50. E. Lat. 10. 20. S. That
part of the country which borders on the bay,
is also called Carpentaria.
Carpenter's Point, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. ; W.
269. Carpenter's River, or Suerre, r. Guatimala,
which rises in the province of Costa Rica, and
runs into the Spanish Main, Lon. 82. 50. W.
Lat. 9. 52. N.
Carpentras, (an. Carpentoracte,) t. France, in
Vaucluse, on the river Audon ; 12 NE. Avig
non. Lon. 5. 3. E. Lat. 44. 3. N. Pop. 8,489.
It contains a cathedral, a synagogue, 3 hospit
als, 11 churches, and a library of 80,000 vols.
Before the revolution it was the see of a bishop
and capital of Venaissin, with many vestiges of
Roman magnificence ; it is surrounded with
walls. Carpenzano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 10
S. Cosenza.
Ourpestriera, r. Naples, which runs into the
sea, 9 E. St Severino.
Carpi, X. Italy, capital of a principality in Mo
dena ; 7 N. Modena, 24 S. Mantua. Lon. 10.
59. E. Lat. 44. 45. N. Bp. see. Pop. 3,000.
Carpi., X. Aust Italy, in Verona, on the Adige ;
5 S. Legnano. It is celebrated for a victory
gained by Prince Eugene over the French in
1701. Carpignana, X. Italy ; 12 NW. Novara.
Carpignana, X. Naples, in Otranto; 7 NW.
Otranto. Carpignone, X. Naples, Molise ; 12 SW- Molise,
Carpio, X. Spain, in Leon ; 9 WSW. Medina
del Campi.
Carpio, X. Spain, in Cordova ; 24 N. Cordo
va. Pop. 4,000.
Carpio, t. Spain, in Estramadura; 7 Badajoz.
Carpis, now Garbos.
Carpori, isl. S. America, at the mouth of the
Aracuari. Lat. 1. 40. N.
Carpour,X. Carnatic; 30 NE. Tanjore.
Carpuih, X. h fortress, A. Turkey, in Aladu-
lia ; 12 Arzenga.
Carquefou, X. France, in Lower-Loire ; 6NE.
Nantes. Pop. 1,200.
Con-a River, r. Ireland, which runs into Din
gle bay ; 14 W. Killarney.
Carrabat, X. Candahar ; 120 NE. Candahar.
Carrafa, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 15
NNE. Boua.
Carraghroe, mt. Ireland, in Tyrone ; 16 SW.
Strabane. Corrama, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Chili. Lat. 35. 50. S.
Carrantasca Lagoon, gulf or bay on the coast
of Honduras. Lon. 83. 50. W. Lat. 15. 32. N.
Carrantasca Shoals, or Hobbies, rocks and
islets on the coast of Honduras, extending 40
miles in length, and 12 in breadth. Lon. 83. W.
Lat. 16. N.
Carrapateira, X. Portugal, in Algarve ; 10 N.
Sagres. Carrar, t. Hind., in Boujepour, on the Kistna.
Lon. 74. 15. E. Lat. 17. 25. N. It is a consid
erable town, about a mile long. .
Carrara, t. Italy, capital of a small principal
ity, connected with the duchy of Massa; 5NW.
Massa, 25 NW. Pisa, 53 SE. Genoa. Lon. 10.

CAR

339

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4. E. Lat. 44. 3. N. Pop. 8,443. The envi
rons are celebrated for quarries of beautiful
white marble, used in statuary and building.
Carrara, together with Massa, was given to be
possessed in full soveriegnty by the Archduch
ess Maria Beatrix D'Este, in 1815, to revert on
her death to the duke of Modena.
Carrascal, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 32 NE
Segovia. Carree, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 22 N. Nattore.
Carretas, X. Peru, Cusco ; 40 WNW. Cusco.
Carri, t. Piedmont ; 8 NNW. Ceva.
Carrick on Shannon, X. Ireland, and shiretown
of the county of Leitrim ; 36 S. Ballyshannon,
70 NW.. Dublin. Lon. 8. W. Lat. 53. 55. N. It
is an inconsiderable place.
Carrick on Suir, t. Ireland, in Tipperary, on
the Suir, which is navigable for sloops to this
place ; 10 E. Clonmel, 12 NW. Waterford.
Lon. 7. 8. W: Lat. 52. 23. N. Pop. about 11,000.
It is irregularly built ; has considerable trade,
and is famous for the manufacture of woollen
cloth, called ratteen.
Carrickameel, rocks, near W. coast of Ire
land, in the Atlantic. Lon. 10. 4. W. Lat. 53.
15. N.
Carrickarede, mts. Ireland, in Mayo ; 12 NE.
Castlebar. Carrickarede; small isl. in North-Channel, near
N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6. 9. W. Lat. 55. 14. N.
Carrickaskilly, rock, on W. coast of Ireland ;
5 SE. Slyme Head, Lon. 10. 9. W. Lat. 53.20.N.
Carrickburn, mt. Ireland, in Wexford ; 1 SW.
New Ross. In 1798 it was a rebel station ; and
Scnllabogne, a seat at the foot of it, was made
a prison for the royalists.
Carrickchad, mt. Ireland, Sligo ; 6 SW. Sligo.
Carrickfergus, s-p. Ireland, in Antrim, on the
NW. coast of Carrickfergus bay, or Belfast
Lough; 8 NW. Belfast. Lon. 5. 42. W. Lat. 54.
43. N. Pop. 3,400. The assizes for the county
are held here, as likewise for the town, which
is a county of itself. It was once the principal
seaport of the north of Ireland, but its trade
has been chiefly transferred to Belfast. It has
a castle, and sends one member to parliament.
The inhabitants are employed in spinning,
weaving cotton, and in the fishery in the bay.
Carrickirk, rock on W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
10. 7. W. Lat. 53. 22. N.
Carrickmacreily, mt. Ireland, in the county
of Wicklow ; 5 W. Wicklow.
Corrickmacross, flourishing town, Ireland, in
Monaghan ; 19 SSE. Monaghan, 40 NNW.
Dublin. Carrickruagh, mt. Ireland, in the county of
Wicklow ; 6 SW. Gorey.
Carrier River, r. America, which runs into
the Detroit, Lon. 82. 46J W. Lat 42. 28. N.
Carrion, r. Spain, which joins the Pisuerga,
near Duennas.
Carrion di los Condes, X. Spain, on the river
Carrion, in Leon, on the frontiers of Old Cas
tile ; 20 N. Placencia, 40 W. Burgos. Lon. 4.
39. W. Lat. 42. 18. N. Pop. 2,400. It contains
10 parish churches, 10 convents, and two hos
pitals. Carrock, mt. England, in Cumberland, 2,265
feet above the level of the sea.
Carrodunum, now Cracow.

Carrog, r. North- Wales, which runs into the
sea, 4 SW. Caernarvon.
Carrolton, p-t. Si cap. Green co. Illinois ; 46
Vandalia, W. 854.
Carrolville, X, Jefferson co. Alabama. *
Carron, r. Scotland, which runs into the sea,
near Stonehaven, in the county of Kincardine.
Carron, small r. Scot, which runs into the
Forth, 3 E. Carron works.
Carron, v. Scot, in Stirlingshire, situated on
a river of the same name ; 2 N. Falkirk, 26
NW. Edinburgh. Iron works were erected here
in 1760, now become, probably, the largest in
Europe. Iron is not only extracted from the
ore, but cast into every variety of form.
There are about 20 furnaces, and the quantity
of iron annually smelted is stated at 6,500 tons ;
about 2,000 people are constantly employed,
and 200 tons of coal consumed every week.
All kinds of iron goods are manufactured here ;
heavy ordnance, cylinders, steam engines,
pumps, boilers, and all kinds of ponderous ap
paratus used in war or the arts, The carronade,
a kind of short ship-gun, derives its name from
having been first made here.
Carron Island, small isl. near the coast of N.
C. in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76. 10. W. Lat.
35. 46. N.
Carroor, X. h fort, Hind., in Mysore, and pro
vince of Coimbetore, on the Ambravetty ; 38
W. Trichinopoly, 65 E. Coimbetore. Lon. 78.
12. E. Lat. 10. 57. N. H. 1,000. In 1799 it
was ceded to the British.
Carroor, X. Hind., Mysore ; 5 N. Sacrapatam.
Carrouge, or Carrougas, X. Switz., in Geneva,
on the Arve ; 3 Geneva. Pop. 3,200.
Carr's Mountain, mt. New Hampshire, in Ells
worth and Warren.
Carru, X. Piedmont, in Mondovi, on the Ta-
naro ; 4 S. Bene. Pop. 4,000.
Carrya, t. Guzerat ; 22 NW. Amedabad.
Carrypour, X. Hind., Oude ; 35 SSE. Pillibeat.
Cars, or Kars, (an. Chorsa, or Chorzene,) X.
Turkish Armenia, on a river which runs into
the Aras ; 80 ENE. Erzerum, 90 W. Erivan.
Lon. 42. 30. E. Lat. 37. 25. N.
Cars, r. Armenia, which joins the Aras, a lit
tle above Armavir.
Carsehi, X. Grand Bukharia, in Samarcand ;
30 S. Samarcand. The citadel was built by
Timur Bee.
Carsewini, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 51. 56. W. Lat. 2. 55. N.
Carsignano, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 12
E.'Reggio. Carsoli, X. Naples, Abruzzo Ultra ; 20 SSW.
Aquila. Cdrsumblia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia ; 12 W.
Precop, 25 W. Nissa.
Cart Water, r. Scot, which runs into the
Clyde, 3 N. Paisley.
Cartage, or Carthage, city, Guatimala, capital
of Costa-Rica. Lon. 84. 6. W. Lat. 10. 6. N.
Bp. see. It is situated on the river Cartagd,
10 leagues from the Atlantic, and 17 from the
Pacific, was formerly rich, flourishing, and com
mercial, but now reduced.
Cartago, r. Guatimala, in Costa-Rica, which
runs into the Pacific ocean, Lon. 85. 14. W
at. 9. 40. N.

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340

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Carlago, X. S. A. in Popayan ; 140 NNE. Po
payan. Lon. 75. W. Lat, 4. 35. N. Pop. 5, or
6,000. The town is situated on an elevated,
pleasant plain, and the streets are straight and
spacious. Carlat, t. Bessarabia, on the Danube ; 28 W.
Ismail. Carlama, t. Spain, in Grenada, situated on
an eminence ; 12 NW. Malaga.
Cartama, X. Spain, Grenada ; 18 SW. Alhama.
Cartapanatuba, r. S. America, which forms
the boundary between the French and Portu
guese dominions in Guiana.
Cartaruola, X. Italy, Padua ; 14 N. Padua.
Cartaya, X. Spain, in Seville ; 52 W. Seville.
Carteia, t. Spain, the ruins of which are 4 W.
Gibraltar, and east of Algeziras.
Cartenedi, X. Prussia; 30 SE. Konigsberg.
Cartenna, now Tennis.
Cartennus, see Kabrah.
Cartepilly, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 19 E. Ban
galore. Carter, co. East Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
4,190; slaves 262. Pop. in 1820, 4,835. Chief
town, Elizabethtown.
Carter's Bay, bay on W. coast of N. America.
Xon. 231. 42. E. Lat. 52. 48. N.
Carter's Creek, r. N. C, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 76. 46. W. Lat. 34. 42. N.
Carteret, co. N. C, on Core sound. Pop. in
1810, 4,828 ; slaves 1,172. Pop. in 1820, 5,609.
Chief town, Beaufort
Carteret, isl. in the South Pacific ocean. Lon.
164. 14. E. Lat. 8. 26. S.
Carteret's Harbour, bay on SE. coast of New
Ireland. Lon. 152. 19. E. Lat. 5. S.
Carteret's Point, NW. extremity of the island
of Egmont, or New Guernsey. Lon. 163. 50. E.
Lat. 10. 42. S.
Cartero, (an. Ceratus,) r. Candia, which runs
into the sea, 3 S. Candia.
Carter's Key, small isl. among the Bahamas.
Lon. 78. 40. W. Lat. 26. 47. N.
Carter's Mountain, mt. Albemarle co. adjoin
ing Monticello, a little to the SW. ; 2 S. Char
lottesville. It is about 800 feet above the Ri-
vanna. Cartersville, p-t. Cumberland co. Va., on S.
side of James river ; 48 W. by S. Richmond,
W. 171.
Carthage, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; 168 NW.
Albany, W. 464.
Carthage, v. Monroe co. N. Y., in Brighton,
on E. bank of the Genesee, at the Lower Falls,
5 miles above the lake ; 3 NNE. Rochester. A
bridge erected here across the river, consisting
of a single arch, of 352 feet chord, resting on
abutments of solid rock, which rise with an
almost perpendicular front to the height of 150
feet, fell a year or two since.
Carthage, X. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 312.
Carthage, p-t. Si cap. Moore co. N. C. ; 40
NW. Fayetteville, W. 343.
Carthage, p-t. h cap. Smith co. Tennessee,
on the Cumberland ; 50 E. Nashville, 140 W.
Knoxville, W. 685. Pop. in 1818, about 400.
It contains a court house, a jail, an academy, a
printing office, a Baptist and a Methodist meet
ing house.
Carthage, ancient and celebrated city, Africa

Proper, once the rival of Rome, and the empo
rium of Northern Africa ; 10 NE. Tunis. Lon.
10. 40. E. Lat 36. 40. N. Pop. during the
Punic wars, estimated at 70Q,000. It consisted
of 3 parts ; Byrsa, or the citadel ; Megara ; and
the Cothon, or port. — There are no triumphal
arches or architectural ruins visible at a disr
tance, but there are to be seen foundations of
houses, cisterns, caverns, pieces of marble, and
broken columns. Among the ruins, the most
remarkable is the great reservoir for containing
the water conveyed into the city, and which
consists of 20 contiguous cisterns, each 100
feet in length, and 30 in breadth. The most
splendid monument connected with Carthage
is the great cistern, by which water was con
veyed from the mountain of Zowan, a distance
of 50 or 60 miles. The port bears the name of
El Mersa.
Carthage, see Cartago.
Carthagena, (an. Carthago-nova,) s-p. Spain,
in Murcia; 25 SSE. Murcia, 115 SSW. Valen
cia. Lon. 1. 0. W. Lat. 37. 36. N. , Pop. 25,
or 29,000. Bp. see. It is situated at the bottom
of a small bay in the Mediterranean It is de
fended by a fort, and has the best harbour in
the Mediterranean, if not in Europe. It con
sists of a natural basin of great depth, reaching
close to the town, and secured from every
wind by surrounding hills, and by an island at
its entrance. This bay abounds in mackerel,
so much that a small island at the entrance of
the harbour is from thence called Scombraria.
The neighbouring countiy produces great quan
tities of rushes, called Sparta, from whence the
town itself received the name of Spartaria, and
the countiy that of Spartarius Campus. Dia
monds, rabies, amethysts, and other precious
stones, are found here. It was a long time the
Indies of the Romans, and there are still silver
mines in the environs.
Carthagena, pr. S.America, in New Grenada,
bounded N. by the Caribbean sea, E. by the
river St. Martha, S. by a part of Terra Firroa,
and W. by the sea and the gulf of Darien. The
country is composed of mountains and valleys,
covered with large and small forests. The va
riety of plants and trees, as well as fruits,, is
wonderful ; the earth is covered with perpetual
verdure. Wheat and other grain of Europe,
do not flourish well, but Indian corn and rice
are raised sufficient for the consumption of the
inhabitants. The climate is very hot ; from
May to December there is almost a continual
succession of rain and tempest. Nothing can
surpass the variety and beauty of the birds ;
poultry, pigeons, partridges, and geese are good
and plentiful. The fruits peculiar to the country
are pine-apples, papayas, plantains, Sic. The
principal town is Carthagena. Pop. in 1770,
59,233 whites, 13,993 Indians, and 7,770 slaves.
Pop. in 1816, stated at 210,000.
Carthagena, city, Si s-p. S. America, capital
of the province of the same name. Lon. 77.
30. W. Lat. 10. 25. N. Pop. stated from 16,
to 25,000. Bp. see. It contains a handsome
cathedral, several churches, convents, and mo
nasteries. The streets are straight, and well
paved ; the houses are chiefly of stone, and of
one story above the ground floor, with balco-

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nies in front. The city is situated on a sandy
island, which forms a narrow passage on the
SW. The bay is one of the best in the countiy.
It extends 7 miles from N. to S., and has a safe
anchorage, though the many shallows at the
entrance make a careful steerage necessary. —
Carthagena, together with its suburbs, is equal
to a city of the third rank in Europe. It is
well peopled, though most of its inhabitants
are descended from the Indian tribes.
The climate is very hot. From May to No
vember, which is the winter here, there is al
most a continual succession of thunder, rain,
and tempests ; so that the streets have the ap
pearance of rivers, and the country of an ocean ;
from this otherwise shocking inconvenience the
inhabitants save water in reservoirs, as the wells
only supply them with a thick brackish sort,
not fit to drink.
Carthaginensis, ancient province, in SE. part
of Spain ; now Valencia and Murcia.
Carthago, see Cartago, and Carthage.
Carthago vetus, now Coiifo vieja.
Carthaus, X. Prussia ; 17 SW. Dantzick.
Carthea, see Zeia.
Carthkenny, r. S. Wales, which runs into the
Tave, 7 WSW. Caermarthen.
Cartmel, X. Eng., in Lancashire, situated on a
promontory, which runs out into a bay of the
Irish sea ; 16 from Lancaster, 260 NNW. Lon
don. Lon. 3. 8. W. Lat. 54. 14. N. Pop. 1,204.
It has a small harbour for boats ; with 2 mar
kets weekly, on Tuesday and Saturday.
Cartute,X. Hind., Travancore ; 60 Angenga.
Cartwright's Sound, bay on W. coast of queen
Charlotte's island, between Point Hunter to the
N., and Point Buck to the S.
Caru, t. Persia, in Irak ; 20 S. Cashan.
Canajals, X. Spain, in Leon ; 28 S. Astorga.
Carvajales, t Spain, Leon ; 9 N. Zamora.
Carvalhal, X. Portugal, Beira; 15 SE. Oporto.
Carvalho, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 12 SE. Co-
imbra. Carvalleda, (La,) X. S. A., in Caraccas, on the
coast ; 10 N. Caraccas.
Carvallo, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 16
SSW. Lanciano.
Carvel of St. Thomas, one of the smaller Vir
gin islands, West Indies ; 7 SW. St. Thomas.
Carver, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 8 W. Ply
mouth, 40 S. Boston, W. 447. Pop. 839. Here
is a pond, which contains valuable iron ore,
and the town has 3 furnaces.
Carver's River, branch of the river St. Pierre,
in N. America.
Carvendonck, X. Pru. Cleves ; 8 SE. Cleves.
Carugna, X. Piedmont ; 8 SW. Ivrea.
Canillan, small isl. near W. coast of Scot, a
little N. of the island of Gigo. Lon. 5. 47. W.
Lat. 55. 41. N.
Carvin, t. France, Straits-of-Calais, in the
district of Bethune ; 12 E.Bethune. Pop. 4,522.
Carumba, i. Brazil, which runs into the Pa
rana. Carunapalla, X. Hind., in Travancore ; 27
NNW. Ajenga.
Carvoeira, r. Portugal, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 9. 21. W. Lat. 38. 57. N.
Caruthsville, p-v. Lincoln co. N.C. ; W.486.
Carwaiten, or Grawatten, t. Prussia, in Sma
land ; 44 N. Konigsberg.

Corwar, s-p. Hind.,'in Canara; 45 SSE. Goa.
Lon. 74. 3. E. Lat. 14. 53. N. This was for
merly a noted seat of European commerce, but
it went to ruin in the reign of Tippoo. It is
situated in a bay at the mouth of a river, which.
is navigable for vessels of 300 tons. There are
several islands, which form the harbour, but
none inhabited.
Carwaree, X. Hind., Carnatic ; 20 S. Ongole.
Carwaree, X. Hind., Carnatic ; 20 S. Nellore.
Cory, r. Ireland, which runs into the sea,
near Balycastle, in the county of Antrim.
Carya, X. Hind., in Oude ; 25 N. Kairabad.
Caryapara, X. Bengal ; 10 E. Bucculoe.
Carysfor.d Reef, rocks in the gulf of Florida,
near the coast of East Florida. Lon. 80. 30. W.
Lat. 25. 20. N.
Cary gong, X. Hind., in Baglana; 10 S. Bah-
belgong. Carystus, see Caristo.
Casabelloto, X. Aust. Italy ; 22 E. Cremona.
Casabinda, X. S. A., in Chaco ; 100 NNW. St.
Salvador de Jugui.
Casabranca, X. Portugal, in Estramudara, on
the left bank of the Tagus ; 10 E. Abrantes.
Coso Calanda, X. Naples, in Molise ; 21 ENE.
Molise. Casa Fuerte, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 4 NW.
Xerumenha. Casa Fuerte, X. Brazil, on the Corixas. Lat.
10. 40. S.
Coso Grande, X. Mexico, in Sonora, on the
Gila. Lon. 113. 23. W. Lat. 33. 40. N. It is
so called from an immense ancient edifice, still
existing, which is said to have been built by
the ancient Mexicans, in their emigration from
the coast of California.
Casa JVoua, t. Piedmont ; 8 WNW. Vercelli.
Coso Massima, X. Naples, in Bari ; 1 1 SW-
Conversano. Coso Vilieri, X. Naples, Lavora; 7 SE. Sora.
Casablanca, X. Chili, in Quillota, on the Pacific
ocean. Casac, or Cazac, country, Asia, in Persia, on-
the frontiers of Armenia, governed by princes
of its own, nominally ,subject to Persia ; about
15 miles from N. to S., and rather more from
E. to W. The inhabitants are descended from
the Cosacs, and are represented as a rude and
barbarous people. Casac, or Cazac Lore, is the
name of the capital. ,
Casaccia, t. Switz., in the Grisons ; 12 NE.
Chiavenna. Casada, lake, Chatauque co. N. Y. ; 7 miles
from Dunkirk, on lake Erie. Casada Creek,
the outlet of this lake, communicates with that
branch of the Conewango, which flows from
Chatauque lake. See Dunkirk.
Casagunge, t. Hind., Oude ; 44 W. Lucknow.
Casada, X. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 45 NW. Khaibar.
CosoZ, or Casale, t. Piedmont, capital of
Montferrat, on the Po ; 15 NW. Alexandria, 34
ENE. Turin. Lon. 8. 34. E. Lat. 45. 12. N.
Pop. 16,151. It contains a cathedral, 16 chh.,
2 hospitals, and a gymnasium. It was formerly
well fortified, and defended by a citadel, which
was much admired. It was remarkable for a
victory obtained by count Harcourt over the
Spaniards, in 1640.
Casalado, X. Italy ; 20 SSE. Brescia.

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Casale, I. Aust. Italy, in Padua ; 6 SW. Mon-
iagnana. Casale, t. Italy, in Treviso ; 3 SE. Trevigio.
Casale Borgogne, t Piedmont; 12 NE. Turin.
Pop. 2,500.
Casale Buttano, X. Italy, on a navigable ca
nal ; 8 NW. Cremona, 14 SE. Crema. Lon. 9.
58. E. Lat. 45. 14. N.
Casale Grande, X. Italy ; 9 SW. Modena.
Casale Morano, t. Italy ; 12 NW. Cremona.
, CosaZe Maggiore, t. Italy, in Lucca ; 15 W.
Lucca. Casale Maggiore, t. Aust. Italy, delegation of
Cremona, on the left bank of the Po ; 12 N.
Parma, 20 E. Cremona. Lon. 10. 25. E. Lat.
45. N. Pop. 5,624.
Casale Nuovo, t. Italy, near the conflux of the
Adda and Po ; 5 W. Cremona.
Casale Nuovo, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 11 N.
Lucera. Casale Nuovo, t. Naples, in Basilicata ; 15 S.
Tursi. Casale Nuovo, X. Naples ; 15 N. Policastro.
Pop. 3,510.
Casale Nuovo, see Manduria.
Casale Pustulengo, X. Italy ; 10 SE. Lodi.
Casalegio, v. Parma, in Piacenza ; 6 SW. Pi
acenza. Casalino, see Miniaci.
Casalpo, X. Parma ; 9 ENE. Parma.
Casamansa, r. Africa, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 12. 28. N.
Casame, X. on W. coast of Madagascar. Lat.
17. 10. S.
Casan, see Kazan.
Casanara, r. Venezuela, which rises in the
deserts of Chita, and flows into the Meta, 75
leagues above the junction with the Orinoco,
and in Lon. 71. W. Lat. 5. 4. N. It is a large
river, navigable for sloops throughout the year.
Casano, X. Italy ; 8 S. Tortona.
Casapa, t. Paraguay ; 10 SE. Assumption.
Casardbonela, X. Spain, Grenada ; 6 miles
from Alora. Pop. 4,000. It is situated on a
high hill, having a steep descent to the valley
below. Casarin, X. Tunis ; 60 NNW. Gafsa.
Casasa, or Cagaga, s-p. Africa, in Fez, at the
mouth of a large river in the Mediterranean ;
18 S. Mclilla. Lon. 3. W. Lat. 35. 8. N.
Cosos Grandes, X. New Mexico, in New Na
varre ; 300 SE. Casa Grande.
Casasola, X. Spain, in Leon ; 25 SW. Sala
manca. Casavoli, t. Naples, Bari ; 14 SW. Monopoli.
Casbin, or Casvin, or Caswin, (an. Arsacia,)
city, Persia, in Irak Agemi, in a vast sandy
plain, 9 W. the highest branch of mount Taurus;
180 SE. Tabris, 240 NNW. Ispahan. Lon. 49.
33. E. Lat. 36. 11. N. Pop. according to
Ueauchamp, 12,000 ; Olivier, 20, or 25,000 ;
Gardanne, 60,000. Is was once 6 miles in cir
cumference, and contained 12,000 houses, but
from the civil wars of the country, it was so
reduced, that Mr. Hanway counted no more
than 1,000. The beautiful palaces are in ruins,
the walls are destroyed, and it has neither forts
nor garrison to defend it. Nadir Shah built a
new palace here, adjoining to the old one ; the
wall of which was a mile and a half in circum

ference, thick and lofty, • with only one ell-
trance, which is an arched gate ; within are 4
large squares, with trees, fountains, Sic The
city is square, about a mile each way, and sur
rounded with a wall. It is greatly incommoded
by the want of good water. Its gardens pro
duce the finest grapes in Persia. It is supposed
by some to be on the site of ancient Ecbatana.
Casbuona, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 5 W.
Strongoli. Cascr, t. Peru, Truxillo ; 45 ESE. Truxillo.
Cascabel, (El,) rocky islet in the Spanish
Main ; 65 SW. Jamaica. Lon. 79. 5. W. Lat.
17. 30. N.
Cascade Bay, creek in Dusky bay, on S. coast
of New Zealand.
Cascade Bay, bay Si port in the straits of Ma
gellan, on the coast of Terra del Fuego. ' A
remarkable water-fall,' says Monsieur Bou
gainville, " in the interior part of the port, de
termined me to call them, bay and port of the
cascade. The cascade is formed by the waters
of a little river, which runs between several
high mountains ; and its fail measures about 50
or 60 toises, i. e. 300 or 360 feet, French
measure." Cascade Canal, inlet on W. coast of N. Amer
ica. Lon. of its entrance, 232. 29. E. Lat.
52. 25. N. '
Cascade Point, cape on west coast of New-
Zealand, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 189. 4.
E. Lat. 44. 5. S.
Cascaes, (an. Cascale,) s-p. Portugal, on N.
side of the Tagus ; 15 W. Lisbon. Lorn 9. 22.
W. Lat. 38. 44. N. Pop. 2,484.
Cascante, (an. Cascantum,) X. Spain, in Na
varre ; 6 S. Tudela ; 45 NW. Saragossa. Lon.
1. 42. W. Lat. 42. 7. N. Pop. 2,600.
Cascastel, X. France, in Aude ; 17 SSW. Nar-
bonne. Caschau, or Cassovia, X. h cap. Upper Hunga
ry, and of the county of Aba-ujvar, on the
Hernath ; 100 S. Cracow, 105 NE. Buda, 124
NW. Clausenburg. Lon. 20. 40. E. Lat. 48.
43. N. Pop. 8,647. H. 1,200. Bp. see.' It is
the first in rank of 5 free towns, an old strong
place, situated in an agreeable country, and
contains a royal academy, a gymnasium, a nor
mal school, and an extensive pottery-work.
Cascia, t. Popedom, Spoleto ; 5 NW. Norcia.
Casco Bay, bay in Maine, between Cape Eliz
abeth on WSW., and Cape Small point on ENE.
Within these capes, which are about 20 miles
apart, there are about 300 small islands ; most
of which are cultivated, and are much more
productive than the main land on the coast of
Maine. Portland harbour is on W. side of the
bay. Casco, (New,) p-v Cumberland co. Maine ;
W. 667.
Cascumpec Harbour, on N. coast of the isl
and of St. John, in N. A. Lon. 63. 55. W. Lat.
46. 45. N.
Cose Pilote, (La,) X. on S. coast of Martinico.
Caseletle, X. Piedmont ; 8 NW. Turin.
Caselle, X. Piedmont, on a small river, which
runs into the Stura ; 6 N. Turin. Pop. 3,070.
Caselle, X. Aust. Italy ; 10 S. Verona.
Casena, or Cassena, km. Africa, in Negroland,
at S. side of the Niger ; W. Bornou.

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Casenberg, t. Prussia ; 9 S. Osterrod.
Caseni, t. Persia, in Irak ; 610 E. Ispahan.
Caserta, or Caserta Nova, t. Naples, in Lavo
ra ; 5 E. Capua, 13 N. Naples. Pop. 4,289.
Bp. see. Here is a most magnificent palace,
built by the king of Naples, afterwards Charles
III. king of Spain. The two principal fronts
are 787 feet in length, and contain 5 stories, of
37 windows each. The richest marbles are
displayed with profusion, most of them dug out
of quarries within the realm.
Casevel, X. Portugal, Alentejo ; 14 SW. Beja.
Casey, co. Kentucky. Pop. in 1810, 3,285 ;
slaves 242. Pop. in 1820, 4,349. Chief town,
Liberty. Cash Clap Settlement, p-v. Johnson co. Ten. ;
W. 907.
Cosft River, r. Illinois, which flows into the
Ohio, 7 miles above its entrance into the Mis
sissippi, 15 below Wilkinsonsville.
Cashan, or Cachan, or Kaschan; X. Persia, in
Irak ; 80 N. Ispahan. Lon. 51. 30. E. Lat. 33.
64. N. Pop. 30, or 40,000. H. 5,000. It is
said to have formerly contained 150,000 in
habitants. It carries on a large trade in silk,
stuffs, brocades, Sic, and was once famous for
its potteries. Among the inhabitants are Chris
tians, Jews, and Gentoos ; the number of houses
was estimated by Chardin at 6,500, chiefly of
earth and brick. There were 40 mosques, a
great many caravanseras, and 3 grand sepul
chral monuments, erected in honour of 3 des
cendants of Ali.
Cashan, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 34 NE. Herat.
Cashel, city, Ireland, in Tipperary ; 13 NW.
Waterford, 43 NNE. Cork. Lon. 7.50. W. Lat.
52. 31. N. Pop. in 1821, 5,969. H. 1,142. It
is the see of an archbishop, and was formerly
the capital of the kingdom of Munster. It con
tains an elegant cathedral, a well endowed
school, and sends 1 member to parliament.
Cashel, mountains, Ireland, in the county of
Galway ; 30 WNW. Galway.
Cashendal Bay, or Red Bay, bay, Ireland, on
E. coast of Antrim. Lon. 5. 53. W. Lat. 55.
4. N.
Cashgar, see Kashgar.
Cashie, r. N. C, which runs into the Roanoke,
Lon. 77. 3. W. Lat. 35. 57. N.
Cashin, r. Ireland, formed by the union of the
Feal and Gale, in the county of Kerry, which
empties itself into the Shannon.
Cashleh Bay, bay, Atlantic, on W. coast of
Ireland. Lon. 9. 36. W. Lat. 53. 13. N.
Cashmere, or Cachemire, or Kashmir, countiy,
Asia, for a long period belonging to Hindoos
tan, latterly an appendage to Cabulistan, but
now claims independence ; about 90 miles
long, of an oval form ; 40 or 50 miles, where
widest, broad ; chiefly between Lon. 73. Si 76.
E. Lat. 34. Si 35. N. The natives have a tra
dition, that in ancient times it was an immense
lake, or basin, and that one of their deities cut
through the range of mountains on the south
west, and allowed the waters to run off. It is
now a fertile valley, surrounded on all sides by
mountains, whence descend numerous rivulets.
It is watered by the Chelum, Little Sind, Kis-
kengonga, and other rivers. The countiy is
entered by 7 passes. The climate is delightful,

and the country beautiful, and styled by the
Moguls, the terrestrial paradise of India. Rice
is the principal food of the inhabitants. Great
quantities of saffron are exported to Hindoos
tan and other countries ; but its greatest source
of wealth is shawls. The inhabitants are Hin
doos. They are ingenious and lively, of an olive
complexion ; and the women handsome.
Cashmire, Sirinagur, or Serinaghur, (an. Cos-
pira,) city, Asia, capital of the countiy of
Cashmere. Lon. 73. 43. E. Lat. 34. 20. N,
Pop. estimated from 150, to 200,000. It extends
3 miles on each side of the river Chelum, over
which there are 5 wooden bridges ; its breadth
is nearly 2 miles. It is without walls or forti
fications, but has a small citadel, where the
governor resides. The streets are narrow and
dirty; the houses mostly of wood, many of
them of 3 stories ; with sloping roofs, covered
with fine earth, which in summer is sown with
flowers, exhibiting a lively appearance. There
are no public buildings of importance, but in
the environs are remains of several palaces,
built by the emperors of Hindoostan. Its great
est ornament is a beautiful lake, called the
Dall, which extends from the NE. quarter of
the city, in an oval circuit of 5 or 6 miles. On
the east side of the lake is a mosque, dedicated
to Solomon the son of David.
The chief manufacture is that of delicate and
unrivalled shawls, in which 16,000 looms are
said to be employed. The shawls are made of
the wool or hair of a kind of goat, found only
in Thibet. Three people are employed at one
loom, and they manufacture in a year only 1
shawl, if a very fine one, or 6 or 8 common
ones. Cashna, or Cassina, or Kassina, city, Africa,
and capital of a kingdom, situated between
Bornou and Tombuctoo ; 220 WNW. Bornou,
690 ESE. Tombuctoo. Lon. 11.34. E. Lat.
16. 30. N. A large proportion of the country
of Cashna consists of land of great fertility, in
terspersed with arid wastes. The countiy is gen
erally level, and is said to contain 1,000 towns
and villages ; the emperor is called the Sultan
of all Soudan, i. e. Negroland. The principal
articles of traffic are sena, gold dust, slaves,
cotton cloths, goat skins, ox and buffalo hides,
and civet. Cashna has no salt lakes or mines,
but is supplied with salt from Bornou.
Cashville, p-v. Spartanburg, S. C. ; 111 Co
lumbia, W. 504.
Cashy, small countiy, Asia, governed by a
rajah, dependent on Thibet ; a little N. Oude.
Cashy, X. Asia, and capital of a countiy of the
same name ; 120 N. Fyzabad. Lon. 82. 50. E.'
Lat. 28. 42. N.
Casior-, see Casarea.
Casibli, fortress, Sicily, in the valley of No
to ; 12 SW. Syracuse.
Casignana, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 17
NE. Bova.
Casliki, X. A. Turkey, on W. coast of Natolia.
Lon. 22. 25. E^. Lat 37. 22. N.
Casilinwn, ancient town, Italy, on the Vel-
turnus, opposite to Capua.
Casiliski, t. Prussia ; 3 N. Marienburg.
Casimersburg, t. Pomerania ; 14 ENE. Col-
berg.

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Casimir, t. Poland, on the Vistula, on the
side opposite to Cracow, from whichit is only
separated by a bridge. It was built for a uni
versity, and contained 11 colleges and 14
schools. Casimir, or Casmy, (an. Eleutherus,) r. Syria,
which runs into the sea, 4 N. Sur. In this river
the emperor Barbarossa was drowned.
Casimir, see Kozimiers:
Casino, r. Naples, which runs into the sea, 2
NW. Cape Stilo.
Casiquari, see Cassiquiori.
Cosir el Cabir, see Alagar Quiber.
Casium, now Catieh.
Caskets, rocks in the Atlantic, near the coast
of France. Lon. 2. 20. W. Lat. 49. 49. N.
Caslona, X. Spain, in Jaen ; 7 W. Baeza. It
was anciently a rich and illustrious city, under
the Carthagenians, and after them, under the
Romans, and called Castulo, or Castalo. It
bore a considerable rank among the cities of
Bcetica, and gave name to a part of the Sierra
Morena, which was called Saltus Castulonensis ;
but it has long since lost its grandeur. The
remains of an aqueduct show it to have been
very magnificent.
Casma, X. Peru, in Lima ; 25 SE. Xauxa.
Casmy, see Casimiri
Coso, (an. Casus,) small isl. in the Mediterra
nean ; about 6 S. the island of Scarpanto. Lon.
26. 42. E. Lat. 35. 33. N.
Casoli, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 15 SSE.
Civita di Chieta.
Cason, X. Switz., Tesino ; 3 NNE. Bellinzona.
Vasorate, t. Italy ;, 11 SSW. Milan.
Casoria, X. Italy, near Naples. Pop. 5,700.
Caspe, X. Spain, in Aragon, at the conflux of
the Guadaloupe and the Ebro ; 35 S. Balbastro,
-44 SE. Saragossa. Lon. 0. 3. W. Lat. 41. 17. N.
Pop. 8,200. , The country round produces corn,
wine, oil, and saffron.
Caspian, or Beautiful, small lake in Greens
boro', Vt. It is a head water of the Lamoile.
Caspian Sea, large lake, or inland sea, Asia,
bounded N. by Russia, E. by Tartary and Per
sia, S. by Persia, and W. by Persia, Circassia,
and Russia ; 646 miles in length from N. to S.,
and from 100 to 265 in breadth ; supposed to
be the largest lake in the eastern part of the
globe. The water is as salt as that of the ocean,
of a bitter taste, and of an ochre colour, with
out ebb or flow. Though in some places it is
exceedingly deep, yet if abounds in shallows,
so as to prevent the navigation of ships, which
draw more than 9 or 10 feet of water. Among
the rivers, which flow into it are the Volga,
Ural, and Kur. It has no outlet. The fisheries
here, which are veiy valuable, occupy and
train many seamen. The coasts are divided
among the Russians, Persians, and Tartars. The
Caspian sea was by the ancients called the
Hyrcanian Sea; the Tartars call it Akdingis,
i. e. the White Sea; the Georgians call it the
Kurlshensian Sea; and by the Persians it is
styled Gursen.
Cost Band, t. Persia, in Mecran.
Casr Caroon, or Kasr Kerun, an ancient tem
ple of Egypt, which Dr. Pococke supposes to be
the temple of the labyrinth. The present build
ing is about 165 feet long, and 80 broad ; 27
W- Fayoura.

Cassa, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 45 SE. Niab.
Cassabar, X. Natolia, in a plain about mid
way between Alah-Sheyr and Magnisia, near
the foot of Mount Sypnilus. It is said to con-
tain about 6,000 houses, 6 or 7 mosques, and 1
Greek church.
Cassadgath, lake, N. A. Lon. 106. 15. W.
Lat. 62. 32. N.
Cassagnas, t. France, Lozere ; 8 SE. Florae.
Cassagne, (La,) X. France, in Dordogne ; 7
SE. Montighac.
Cdssagnes, X. France, in Aveiron ; 10 S. Rho-
dez. Pop. 1,432.
Cassalegas, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 12 from
Talavera. Cassandra, (Gulf of) (an. Toronaic Gulf)
bay on the coast of Eu. Turkey, in NW. part of
the Archipelago, E. the gulf of Saloniki. Lon.
23. 50. E. Lat. 40. N.
Cassandra Nova, (an. Potidaa h Cassandria,)
Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, situated on N. coast
of the entrance in the gulf of Saloniki ; 15 SE.
Saloniki. Cassandria, or Cadsand; t. Holland, in the
island of Cadsand ; 2 N. Stays.
Cassano, t. Naples, in Bari ; 15 S. Bari, 90 E:
Benevento. Cassano, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 12
W. Conza.
Cassano, X. Naples, ih Calabria Citra; 21
NW. Rosano, 119 ESE. Naples. Lon. 16. 30. E.
Lat. 39. 48. N. Bp. see. Pop. 4,000.
Cassano, t. Italy, in Milan, on the Adda ; 16
NE. Milan. Lon. 9. 30, E. Lat. 45. 32. N.
Pop. 6,000. Near this town the French were
defeated by the Austrians, on the 27th of April
1799 ; the loss of the allies was about 3,000 ;
the loss of the French 4,000 killed and wound
ed, and 5,000 prisoners.
Cassarano, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 8 WNW.
Allesano. Cassareen, (an. Colonia Scillitana,) t. Africa,
in S. part of Tunis ; 100 S. Bona, 120 SW. Tu
nis. It is situated on an- eminence, near a
small river, called Derbe. Upon a precipice
immediately over the river is a beautiful tri
umphant arch, and in the plain below several
sepulchral monuments.
Cassaro, (II,) X. Sicily, in the valley of Noto;
15 W. Syracuse.
CaSsay, see Meckley.
Cassede, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 6 from San-
guesa. Cassedy's Creek, p-v. Nicholas co. Kentucky;
W. 538.
Cassegana, one of the smaller Friendly Isl
ands; 12 S. Annamooka.
Cassel, (an. Castellum Cattorum,) t. Ger., cap
ital of the electorate of Hesse, or Hesse Cassel,
in Lower Hesse, on the Fulda ; 50 SE. Pader-
born, 84 NE. Coblentz, 84 NNE. Mentz. Lon.
9. 39. E. Lat. 51. 18. W. Pop. 19,000. The
river Fulda divides it into 2 unequal parts, one
of which is called the Old Town, the other the
New, which are united by a bridge of 120
paces in length ; the former is ill built ; the
streets are narrow and winding, the houses ir
regular, old, and for the most part built of
wood. The New Town is divided into Upper
and Lower, the. latter is -small, and is as ill built

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as the Old Town ; the Upper New Town, cal
led also the French town, is built With great
regularity and elegance. The streets are wide
and straight ; the houses uniformly built in a
good style, with many magnificent palaces and
public buildings. There are 7 Reformed chh.,
1 Luth., 1 Cath. ; a theatre, a magazine of corn
andwood, an anatomical theatre, apubliclibraly
of 80,000 volumes, a museum, the arsenal, found-
ery, and barracks. The other objects of interest
are the pleasure gardens, with the orangery,
the public baths, the menagery, and above all
the fine castle Weissenstein, about half a mile
from the town, with its feeautiful fountains and
cascades. The great school called Collegium
Garolimum, was founded in 1709. There is at
tached to it a seminary for schoolmasters, and
an academy of painting and sculpture. Hereare
manufactures of porcelain; earthenware, and
woollens ; but the trade is not great. — Cassel
was the capital of Jerome Bonaparte's short
lived kingdom of Westphalia.
Cassel, X. Ger., in Hesse Darmstadt, situated
on the Maine, opposite to Mentz, with which it
has a communication by means of a bridge of
boats. Pop. 1,100.
Cassel, or Mont Cassel, (an. Caslellum Mori-
norum,) X. France, in North ; 6 posts WNW.
Lille, 7£ ESE. Calais. Pop. 3,604. It is situ
ated on a hill which commands the countiy
round for a great extent, including in its view
32 cities and towns, and the castle of Dover,
across the English Channel.
GaSsemabad, t. Persia, in Irac ; 18 S. Com.
Casseneuil, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne,
on the Lot ; 5 NW. Villeneuve d'Agen^ Pop.
2,789. Casser, X. Arabian Irac, on the Tigris ; 120
SSE. Bagdad.
Cassera, X. Hind., in Mewat ; 18 NNE. Ma-
cherry. Casserbary Gaut, mountainous pass of Hin
doostan, between the circar of Arungabad and
Baglana ; 25 N. Chandor.
Cassereen, see Cassareen.
Casseres, r. Africa, which runs into the sea,
N. the river Sierra Leone.
Cassergunge, X. Bengal ; 46 NNE. Pucculoe.
Cassia, country, Sumatra. The inhabitants
live in villages, independent one of another,
and are always at war.
Cassimpour, X. Bengal ; 16 N. Dacca.
Cassilhas, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 3 S.
Lisbon. Cassina, X. Piedmont ; 6 N. Acqui. Pop. 3,414.
Cassina, see Cashna.
Cassinum, see St. Germane.
Cassipour, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 52. 6. W. Lat. 3. 46. N.
Cassiquairi, large branch of the Rio Negro,
S. A., which communicates with the Orinoco
and the Rio Negro, 30 W. Fort Rio Negro.
The Rio Negro flows into the Amazon, and by
the Cassiquiari there is a communication be
tween the great rivers Amazon and Orinoco.
Cassir, X. Algiers ; 18 W. Boujeiah.
Cassir Aseite, X. Tunis, supposedly Dr. Shaw,
to be built on the site of Civitas Siagitana.
Cassir Altyre, (Plains of) district, Algiers, in
Constantina,n little N. of Seteef, inhabited by a
Vol. I. 44

tribe of Arabs called Raigah,who are celebrat
ed for breeding the best horses in the countiy.
Cassir Rowley, X. Tunis ; 12 NW. Herkla.
Cassir Jebbir, (an. Nedagara,) X. Algiers ; 48
E. Tiffesh.
Cassis, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, on
the coast of the Mediterranean, with a small
port ; 8 SE. Marseilles. Pop. 2,030.
Cassius, mt. see Jebel Ocrab.
Cassopo, X. Corfu ; 8 N. Corfu.
Cassava, (Plain of,) tract of country in Eu.
Turkey, which separates Rascia from Bulgaria,
celebrated by the victories of the two first
Amurath's. Cassovia, see Caschau.
Cassowly, t. Hind., near Agra.
Cassumba, X. Hind,, in Candeish ; 12 SW.
Ghuprah. Castabuena, t. Istria ; 6 S. Capo d'lstria.
Caslagnadolo, X. Italy ; 6 SSE. Brescia.
Caslagnito, X. Piedmont, on the right bank of
the Po, opposite Chivazzo.
Castagnola, X. Piedmont, on the Po ; 7 NW.
Carmagnola, 8. S. Turin. Pop. 3,085.
Castahana Indians, N. A., at the sources of
the Platte. No. 1,500.
Caslamena, see Kastamouni.
Castanet, X. France, in Upper-Garonne; 6
SSE. Toulouse. Pop. 853,
Castanetto, X. Corsica ; 13 NE. Corte.
Castanheira, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 18
NE. Lisbon
Castanheira, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 24
ESE. Coimbra.
Castanheira, X. Portugal, Beira ; 7E.AVeiro.
Castania, t. Samos ; 9 NNW. Cora.
Castano, X. Italy ; 18 WNW. Milan.
Castanowitz, see Castainitza.
Castegio, X. Piedmont; 5 NE. Voghera. Pop
2,020, The Austrians were defeated at this
town in 1800 by the French.
Castel, X. Carniola; 13 SSW. Gottschee.
Castel, X. Bav.; 10 SW. Amberg. Pop. 660.
Castel Batdo, X. Italy, in Padua; IS W. Rovi
go, 30 SSW. Padua. Pop. 3,000. It has a
citadel built in 1282.
Castel Belforie, X. Tyrol; 11 NNW. Trent.
Castel Bom, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 8 SSE. Al-
meyda. Castel Bonifacio, X. Candia ; 12 SSW. Candia.
Castel Branco, X. Portugal, in Beria; 54 SE.
Coimbra. Lon. 7. 12. W. Lat. 39. 27. N. Pop.
3,726. It has a double wall, flanked with 7
towers, and defended by an old castle. It con
tains 2 churches, 2 hospitals, a poor house, and
2 convents Castel Buono, X. Sicily, in the valley of Demo-
na; 12 S. Cefalu.
Castel Culler, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
5 SE. Agen.
Castel Durante, or Urbanea, X. Popedom, in
Urbino, on the Metro ; 7 SW. Urbino, 40 N.
Perugia. Lon. 12.25. E. Lat. 43. 45. N. Bp. see.
Castel Fidardo, t. Ancona ; 10 S. Ancona.
Castel de Fellis, t. Spain, in Catalonia, near
the sea ; 6 SW. Barcelona.
Castel Follit, X. Spain, in Catalonia, at the
foot of the Pyrenees ; 15 NW. Gerona.
Castel Fiorentino, t. Tuscany ; 16 SSW. Flo
rence.

CAS

346

CAS

Castel Forle, X. Naples, Lavora. Pop. 3,485.
Castel Franc, t. France, Lot ; 3 NW. Luzech.
CastelFranco di Solto, X. Tuscany, in Florence.
Pop. 2,400.
Castel Franco, X. Candia, near S. coast ; 16
SSW. Retimo.
Castel Franco, X. Aust. Italy, in Venice, dele
gation of Treviso, on the Muson. Pop. 6,000.
Castel Francone, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 5 SE.
Lecce. Castel Franco, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ;
15 NE. Benevento.
Castel Gandolpho, t. Popedom, in the Cam-
pagna-di-Roma ; 12 E. Rome.
Castel Giufredo, X. Italy ; 13 SW. Peschiera,
14 NW. Mantua.
Castel Giuliano, X. Popedom, in thePatrimo-
nio ; 3 S. Bracciano.
Castel de las Guardas, X. Spain, in Andalusia ;
24 Seville.
Castel de Jaci, fort, Sicily ; 9 NE. Catania.
Castel Jaloux, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
10 SW. Tonneins, 21 WNW. Agen. Lon. 0. 10.
E. Lat. 44. 19. N. Pop. 1,757. It carries on a
considerable trade in honey, cattle, and wine.
Castel Leon, X. Spain, in Catalonia; 60 N.
Balaguer. Castel Leone, X. Aust. Italy, Cremona ; 6 SE.
Crema, 15 WNW. Cremona. Pop. 4,190.
Castel Madama, X. Popedom, in the Campag-
na-di-Roma ; 3 NE. Tivoli.
Castel Marmora, X. Natolia ; 28 SW. Mogla.
Castel Melhar, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 15 N.
Pinhel. Castel Mende, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 8 ENE.
Almeida. Castel Mirabel, t. Candia ; 8 S. Spina Longa.
Castel Moron, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
9 W. Villeneuve d'Agen. Pop. 1,641.
Castel Moron d' Albert, X. France, and seat of
a tribunal, in Gironde ; 27 SE. Bourdeaux.
Castel Nova, t Portugal, in Beira ; 9 N. Cas
tel Branco.
Castel Nuovo, X. Naples,Lavora ; ION. Venafro.
Castel Nuovo, X. Piedmont ; 17 NW. Asti.
Pop. 2,500.
Castel d'Oggio, X. Italy ; 3 W. Mortara.
Castel Ponzone, X. Italy ; 14 E. Cremona.
Castel Protissa, X. Candia, on S. coast; 25
SSW. Candia.
Castel di Quinzane, X. Italy; 15 SSW. Brescia.
Castel Rapani, X. Morea; 32 SSE. Misitra.
Castel Rodrigo, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 10 NW.
Pinhel. H. 68.
Castel Rosso, see Carislo, and Castello Rosso.
Castel Sagrat, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
18 E. Agen.
Castel St. Pietro, X. Tyrol ; 12 SSW. Bolzano.
Castel Sarasin, X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Upper-Garonne ; 24 ESE. Agen,
30 WNW. Toulouse. Lon. 1. 12. E. Lat. 44. 2.
N. Pop. 6,104.
Castel Sardo, X, Sardinia. Pop. 4,500.
Castel Selino, X. Candia, on S. coast, nearW.
extremity; 21 SW. Canea. Lon. 23. 42. E.
Lat. 35. 15. N.
Castel Tornese, X. Morea, situated on an emi
nence near the sea, and defended with a kind
of castle : 10 S. Chiarenza.
Castel Ubaldo, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ;
2SW. Alanieh.

Castel Veterano, X. Sicily, in the valley of
Mazara ; 8 S. Mazara. Pop. 9,000. .
Caslelanza, X. Italy; 14 NW. Milan.
Caslelaun, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, in Coblentz;
22 SSW. Coblentz, 26 NW. Creutznach. Lon. 7.
23. E. Lat. 50. 3. N. Pop. 620.
Castelculier, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
4 ESE. Agen.
Castelet, (La,) X. France, in Aisne ; 10 N. St.
Quentin. Pop. 411.
Caslell, ci-devant county, Ger., situated be
tween the bishopric of Wurtzburg, the princi
pality of Anhalt, the lordship of Limburg, and
the county of Schwartzenburg ; now included
in Bavaria. Pop. 15,000.
Castellalmonte, X. Piedmont; 7 SSW. Ivrea.
Pop. 5,020.
Castellane, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Lower-Alps, situated at the foot of a
mountain, on the river Verdon, in a pleasant
and fertile spot ; 20 SE. Digne, 36 W. Nice.
Lon. 6. 35. E. Lat. 43. 51. N, Pop. 1,962.
Castellanetta, X. Naples, in Otranto ; Bp. see ;
17 WNW. Tarento, 18 ESE. Matera. Lon. 16.
55. E. Lat. 40. 50. N. Pop. 4,592.
Castellana, X. Naples, in Bari ; 3 SW. Mono-
poli. Caslellano, X. Italy, Verona ; 16 SW. Verona.
Castellanzo, X. Italy; 16 WNW. Milan.
Castellan, X. Italy ; 10 N. Mantua.
Castellaro, t. Genoa ; 5 W. Vintimiglia.
Castellasso, X. Piedmont; 7 S. Alexandria.
Pop. 4,745.
Castellato, X. Mexico, in Culiacan ; 50 E. St.
Miguel. Castellengo, X. Piedmont ; 8 SE. Biella.
Caslelletlo, X. Piedmont ; 6 NE. Corri.
Caslellttto, X. Italy ; 15 NW. Cremona.
Castellier, t. Tyrol ; 7 SSE. Bolzano.
Castellina, X. Parma; 12 WNW. Parma.
Castellio, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 16
WSW. Policastro.
Castello Delia Abbate, t. Naples, Principato
Citra ; 29 SW. Cangiano. Pop. 1,724.
Castello d'Albori, X. Naples, in Principato Ul
tra ; 10 NE. Benevento.
Castello Aquila, X. Popedom, in Spoleto ; 10
NW. Narni.
Castello Arragonese, s-p. Sardinia; Bpjsee;
18 NE. Sassari. Lon. 8. 50. E. Lat. 40. 50. N.
Castello Bianea, X. Genoa ; 7 N. Albenga.
Castello Bolognese, X. States of the Church ; 6
S. Imola, 8 N. Faenza.
Castello di Bivona, (an. Hippo, or Hipponium,
and Vibona, and Valentia,) X. Naples, in Cala
bria Ultra ; 6 W. Monte Leone. This charm
ing countiy was called, in the fables of the
Greeks, the Seat of Love ; and here they say
Proserpine frequently came from Sicily to
gather the flowers of Hipponium.
Castello Cerrelo, X. Tuscany ; 18 W. Florence.
Castello di Chiara, X. Sardinia ; 43 NE. Cag-
liari. Castello Chiarissa, t. Friuli ; 8 NW. Gemona.
Castello Franco, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ;
4 NW. Cosenza.
Castello Franco, X. Naples, Principato Ultra;
14 ENE. Benevento.
Castello Franco, X. Italy, in Treviso ; 9 WSW.
Trevigio.

CAS

347

CAS

Castello Franco, t. Genoa; 11 NE. Vintimiglia.
Castello Franco, t. Italy ; 12 W. Bologna.
Castello Gulielmo, t. Italy, in Rovigo ; 14
WSW. Rovigo.
Castello Guidone, X, Naples, in Molise ; 11 N.
Molise. Castello Lanhazo, t. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-
e-Minho ; 4 E. Braga.
Castello Maggiore, t. Lucca ; 12 WNW. Lucca.
Castello a Mare, t. Sicily, in the valley of
Mazara, on a bay of the Mediterranean ; 22
WSW. Palermo. Lon. 12. 54. E. Lat. 38. 3. N.
Here is a magazine for corn.
Castello a Mare di Stabia, s-p. Naples, in Prin
cipato Citra, built near the ruins of Pompeia,
and Stabia. Bp. see ; 4 NE. Sorrento. Lon. 14.
17. E. Lat. 40. 40. N. Pop. 5,968. It contains
6 parish churches and 10 convents.
Castello a Mare delta Brucca, (an. Helia, or
Velia,) X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; Bp. see ;
18 W. Policastro. Lon. 15. 6. E. Lat. 40. 11.
N. Pop. 6,081. This was the residence of Zeno.
Castello Marinha, X. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-
e-Minho ; 5 NW. Barcelos.
Castello Mevale, t Italy, in Spoleto; 13 N.
Spoleto. Castello tlella Minerva, t. Naples, in Princi
pato Citra ; 16 SW. Amalfi.
Castello Monardo, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ul
tra ; 14 SW. Aquila.
Castello Mende, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 7 ENE.
Almeyda. Castello Nogarola, t. Aust. Italy ; 13 SSW.
Verona. Castello Navdto, X. Aust. Italy ; 20 W. Milan.
Castello de Nubrega, X. Portugal, in Entre-
Duero-e-Minho ; 6 N. Braga.
Castello Nuovo, t. Friuli ; 18 NW. Udina.
Castello Nuovo, X. Italy ; 22 SE. Brescia.
Castello Nuovo, t. Dalmatia, in the gulf of
Cattaro ; 10 NW. Cattaro. Pop. 1,800.
Castello Nuovo, X. Modena ; 5 SSE. Modena.
Castello Nuovo, X. Italy, on the Po ; 20 NW.
Ferrara. Castello Nuovo, X. Piedmont ; 7 W. Ivrea.
Castello Nuovo, X. Italy ; 9 NNW. Reggio.
CastelloNuovo de Carfagnano, see Carfagnano.
Castello Nuovo di Terzi, t. Italy, in Piacenza ;
5 S. Busseto.
Castello de Onigo, X. Italy, in Treviso; 12
NW. Trevigio.
Castello della Orso, X. Naples, in Principato
Citra; 6 SSW. Salerno.
Castello Pellegrino, or Castle Pilgrim, for
tress, Palestine, near the sea coast, built by
Raymond, count of Toulouse, who was buried
there, in the time of the crusades ; 10 WSW.
Caipha. Lon . 35. 3. E. Lat. 32. 38. N.
Castello Pignano, X. Naples, in Molise; 3
ESE. Molise.
Castello de la Plana, X. Spain, in Valencia,
near the sea-coast ; 22 E. Segorba. Pop. 10,733.
Castello di Ponte, X. Italy, in Belluno ; 4 N.
Belluno. Castellodi Quinzano,X. Italy; 15 SSW.Brescia.
Castello di Porpeta, X. Friuli ; 10 S. Udina.
Castello de Real, X. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-
e-Minho ; 18 NNE- Braga.
Castello Rosso, small isl. in the Mediterrane
an, near the coast, of Natolia. Lon. 29. 22. £.

Lat 36. 8. N. It is high and rocky, and about
2 miles in length. There is a town and castle
on the highest part of it, on the site of the an
cient Cistene. It has, a fine though small har
bour, and contains 250, or 300 houses ; 30 Turk
ish ; the rest Greek.
Castello della Ripa, X. Italy, in Spoleto ; 8
SW. Todi.
Castello St. Giavani, X. Italy, in Piacenza; 10
W. Piacenza.
Castello St. Georgio, X. Italy, in States-of-the-
Church ; 10 N. Bologna.
Castello St. Pielro, X. Italy, in States-of-the-
Church ; 5 NW. Imola, 13 SE. Bologna. Pop.
3,100. Castello di Sangro, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ci
tra ; 15 SE. Solmona.
Castello de Seixas, t. Portugal, in Algarva ;
22 N. Sagres.
Castello Seprio, t. Italy ; 10 SW. Como.
Castello de Sorotico, X. Portugal, Entre-Duero-
e-Minho ; 6 NE. Amarante.
Castello di Trezzo, X. Aust. Italy, on the Ad
da ; 17 NE. Milan.
Castello Veil, X. Spain, in Catalonia ; 9 miles
from Terramosi.
Castello Venzago, t. Italy ; 15 SSE. Brescia.
Castello Vetere, (an. Caulohia,) t. Naples, in
Calabria Ultra; 12 N. Gierace. Lon. 16. 42. E.
Lat. 38. 15. N. Pop. 4,500. It contains 1 col
legiate and 9 parish churches, and 4 convents.
Castello Vetro, X. Italy ; 9 SSW. Modena.
Castello de Vide, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 9
ENE. Portalegre. Lon. 7. 9. W. Lat. 39. 16. N.
Pop. 5,721.
Castello de Vollurno, t. Naples, in Lavora,
near the sea ; 1 1 WSW. Capua.
Castello, or Caslellon d'Ampurias, s-p. Spain,
in Catalonia, situated on an island, at the mouth
of a river which runs into the gulf of Rosas ; 5
WSW. Rosas, 18 NE. Gerona. Lon. 2. 53. E.
Lat. 42. 15. N.
Castellwccio, X. Naples, Capitanata; 6W. Troja.
Castelluccio, X. Italy ; 9 W. Mantua.
Castellum Menapiorum, now Kessel.
Caslellum Morinorum, now Cassel.
Castelluzza, X. Naples, in Principato Citra;
12 E. Salerno.
Castelluzza di Schiavi, X. Naples, in Capitana
ta; 8 E. Troja.
Castelnau de Barbarens, t. France, in Gers ;
S SE. Audi. Pop. 807.
Castelnau de Gratte, t. France, in Lot-and-
Garonne ; 18 N. Agen.
Castelnau de Bonnefoux, X. France, in Tarn ;
3 W. Alby. Pop. 1,158.
Castelnau sur Gupie, t. France, in Lot-and-
Garonne ; 4 NNW. Marmande.
Castelnau de Magnoac, t. France, and seat of
a tribunal, in Higher-Pyrenees ; 15 NNE. St.
Gaudens, 20 E. Tarbe. Pop. 1,066.
Castelnau de Medoc, t. France, in Gironde ;
14 NNW. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,008.
Castelnau de Montmirol, t.' France, in Tarn ¦
6 NW. Gaillac. Pop. 2,452.
Castelnau de Montratier, X. France, in Lot'- 4
S. Cahors, 15 N. Montauban. Pop. 4,271. '
Castelnau de Riviere-basse, t. France, in Up
per-Pyrenees ; 21 NNE. Pau.- Pop. 1,227,
I Castelnau de Strettefond, t. France, in Upp
Garonne ; 12 N. Toulouse, Pop. 1,4

i Upper-

CAS

348

CAS

Castelnaudary, X. France, in Aude ; 12 posts
W. Narbonne, 92 S. Paris. Lon. 2. 2. E. Lat.
43. 19. N. Pop. 7,610. It was, before the rev
olution, the capital of Lauragais, situated on an
eminence near the grand reservoir which sup
plies the canal of Languedoc
CastelnovodeScrivio,t Piedmont. Pop. 5,414.
Castelrene, X. France, in Aude ; 4 SW. Li-
moux. «
Coster, t. Pru. Cologne, on the Erfft; 8 ENE.
Juliers. Pop. 385.
Caster, see Caistor.
Castera Lectourois, X. France, in Gers ; 10 E.
Condom, 3 N. Lectoure. Pop. 670.
Castets, X. France, in Landes, in the district
of Dax ; 7 N. Dax.
Castiabe, X. Egypt ; 7 SSW. Fayoum.
Castigliona, t. Piedmont ; 5 SSW. Asti. Pop.
4,489. _
Castiglione, X. Italy, on the Muzzo, near its
union with the Adda ; 10 SE. Lodi.
Castiglione, X. Popedom, in the Perugiano, on
the lake ; 12 W. Perugia.
Castiglione, X. Popedom, in the Campagna-
di-Roma ; 12 E. Rome.
Castiglione, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 5
SW. Martorano.
Castiglione, t. Lucca ; 18 N. Lucca.
Castiglione, X. Lucca ; 8 SW. Lucca.
Castiglione, X. Tuscany, on a lake near the
sea; 12 S. Massa. Lon. 10. 52. E. Lat. 42.46.
N. This lake, which is 6 miles in diameter,
and communicates with the sea, produces
great quantities of salt. The reservoirs contain
4,859,000 cubic feet of water, which, after
evaporation, leaves 11,000,000 pounds of salt.
Castiglione, X. Genoa; 20 E. Genoa.
Castiglione, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 5
NE. Salerno.
Castiglione, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 6
ESE. Civita Borella.
Castiglione, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 17
SSW. Cosenza. Pop. 1,251.
Castiglione, X. Sicily, in the valley of Demo-
na; 9 WNW. Taormina.
Castiglione, X. Italy ; 9 W. Mantua.
Castiglione Aretino, X. Tuscany ; 7 S. Arezzo.
Castiglione de Gatti, X. Italy ; 20 S. Bologna.
Castiglione Montovane, X. Italy ; 7 N. Mantua.
Castiglione della Stivera, X. Italy, in Mantua,
defended by some fortifications and a citadel ;
15 SE. Brescia, 20 NW. Mantua. Lon. 10. 32.
E. Lat. 45. 23. N. Pop. 4,891. This place was
taken by the allies in the year 1701 ; and in
1706, the imperialists were defeated here by
the French. In the beginning of August, 1796,
a battle was fought near this town, between
the Austrians and French, in which the latter
took 6,000 prisoners.
Castigluini, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 9
ENE. Conza.
Castil Blanco, X. Spain, in Andalusia ; 15 N.
Seville. Castile, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 254 W. Alba
ny, W. 375.
Castile, (New,) pr. Spain, bounded N. by Old
Castile, E. by Aragon and Valencia, S. by Mur
cia, Jaen, and Cordova, and W. by Estrema-
dura ; 220 miles long, and 160 broad. It con
tains the following subdivisions or provinces.

Provinces: Sq. m. Pop. Capitals.
Madrid  l,330.;...228,500...Madrid
Guadalaxara.. 1,970  121,100.. .Guadalaxara
Cuenca  11,410  294,300...Cuenca
Toledo  8,863  370,600...Toledo,
La Mancha.... 7,620  205,600...Ciudad Real

31,193 1,220,100
The surface is diversified, consisting partly of
extensive plains, and partly of ranges of moun
tains, of which the most remarkable is Sierra
de Cuenca. The principal rivers are the Tagus,
Guadiana, and Xuoart. The climate is- tempe
rate, the soil naturally fertile; but the cultiva
tion back-ward, and the countiy thinlyinhabit-
ed. The productions are wheat, barley, hemp,
flax, wine, oil, saffron, honey; sheep, cattle, Sic.
It contains 1 archbishopric, (Toledo,) 1 bishop
ric, (Cuenca), and formerly had 3 universities,
Alcala, Toledo, and Siguenca.
Castile, (Old,) pr. Spain, bounded N-. by As
turia and Biscay, E. by Navarre and Aragon,
S. by New Castile, and W. by Leon ; 220 miles
long, and 120, where widest, broad. It contains
the following provinces or subdivisions.
Provinces. Sq. m. Pop. Capitals.
Avila  2,600  118,100  Avila
Segovia  3,502  164,000  Segovia
Soria  -,4,118  199,000  Sorla
Burgos  7,752  470,600*..

18,372 951,700
The surface is diversified with mountains,
plains, and valleys. The soil is generally fer
tile, but in some parts stony and unfruitful. The
productions are rye, barley, wheat, madder, in
some parts, wine, but its chief wealth consists
in its pasturage, which feeds hundreds of thou
sands of sheep and cattle. Its butter is excel
lent, and its wool, particularly that of Segovia,
is much celebrated for its fineness. The country
is remarkably bare of trees, as is also much of
New Castile. The rivers are the Ebro, Duero,
Xalon, Carrion, and Tormes.
Castillo de Sancho Abarga, t. Spain, in Na
varre ; 15 miles from Tudella.
Caslillon, X. France, in Gironde, on the Dor
dogne ; 24 E. Bourdeaux, 38 SW. Ferigaeux.
Pop. 2,580.
Caslillon, t. France, in Arriege ; 7 SW. St
Girons, 25 W. Tarascon. Fop. 821.
Caslellonnes, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
5 E. Lauzun. Pop. 1,744.
Castine, r. Maine, which runs into Penobscot
bay. It is 14 miles long, and navigable 6 miles.
Castine, s-p. and cap. Hancock co. Maine, on
E. side of Penobscot bay ; 34 S. Bangor, 122
ENE. Portland, 260 NE. Boston, W. 693. Lon.
68. 46. W. Lat. 44. 24. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,036;
in 1820, 975. It is situated on a promontory
on the east side of Penobscot bay a little below
the entrance of Penobscot river into the bay.
It has an excellent and veiy spacious harbour,
capable of receiving ships of the largest size,
and accessible at all seasons of the year. Its
natural situation is such that it might easily be
made a place of immense strength. It is plea
sant town, contains a court house, a jail, and a
bank, and has considerable trade.
Caslion, t. Friuli ; 7 W. Palma Nuova.

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349

CAS

Castione, t. Italy, in Milan ; 18 NE. Bergamo.
Castione, t. Italy, on the east side of the Olo-
na; 10 SW. Como.
Castle-Acre, t. Eng., Norfolk ; 5 NNW. Swaff
ham. Pop. 902. Here are remains of a castle.
CosMe Bay, or Kisimul Bay, bay at S. end of
the island of Barray.
Castle Carey, X. Eng., in Somerset ; 12 SSE.
Wells, 117 W. London. Pop. 1,406.
Castle Dawson, X. Ireland, in Deny.
Castle Douglas, X. Scot, in Kirkudbright, on
the Cree ; formerly called Castle Stuart ; 9 N.
Wigton. Castle Dermot, X. Ireland, in Kildare ; 7 SE.
Athy. This was formerly a walled town, with
4 gates, and residence of the Irish kings, who
bore the name of Dermot.
Castle Durrow, X. Ireland, belonging to the
county of Kilkenny, but insulated with about
2, or 3,000 acres of land, in Queen's county ;
14 NNW. Kilkenny.
CosHe Hedingham, X. h parish, Eng., in Es
sex ; 7 Braintree, 47 London. Pop. 1,052.
Castle Island, small isl. Mass., in Boston har
bour ; 3 SE. Boston. Fort Independence,
which belongs to the U. S., is on this island.
Castle Lehan, or Castle Lyons, X. Ireland, in
Cork, near the river Bride ; 8 E. Tralee.
Castle Martyr, X. Ireland, Cork ; 15 E. Cork.
Castle Pilgrim, see Castello Pellegrino.
Castle Point, cape on S. coast of N. island of
New Zealand. Lon. 183. 15. W. Lat. 41. S.
CosMe Rising, X. Eng., in Norfolk, said to have
been a well frequented sea port ; 5 NE. Lynn,
103 NW. London. . Pop. 300. At present the
harbour is choaked up with sand, and the town,
though a corporation and borough, sending 2
members to parliament, is much gone to decay.
The remains of a castle stand on S. side of the
town. Castle Rushing, see Castletown.
Castlebar, X. Ireland, the shire town, and
most considerable in the county of Mayo ; 35
N. Galway, 39 SW. Sligo. Lon. 9. 8. W. Lat.
53. 50. N. Pop. about 5,000. It carries on a
considerable linen trade.
Castlecomer, X. Ireland, in Kilkenny, situated
near extensive coal mines ; 10 N. Kilkenny.
H. 200.
Castleford, (an. Lagecium, Lagentium, Legeo-
lium,) X. Eng., in the West Riding of Yorkshire,
near the union of the Aire and the Calder ; 3
N. Pontefract. Pop. 890.
Castlehaven, small town, Ireland, with a cas
tle ; 19 SW. Bandonbridge. It is situated in a
bay, to which it gives name, on S. coast of the
county of Cork. The western extremity of the,
harbour is called Galleon Point.
Castleholm, one of the islands, on which
Stockholm is built
Casllemaine, v. Ireland, in Kern;, on the
Mang ; 152 Dublin.
Castlepollard, X. Ireland, in West Meath ; 10
N. Mullingar.
Castleton, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. ; 65 N. Ben
nington, 80 SSW. Montpelier, W. 434. Pop.
1,541. Here is an academy. Bombazine lake
is chiefly in this town.
Castleton, p-v. Rensselaer co. N. Y. ; 9 Alba
ny, W. 357.

Castleton, t' Eng., in Derbyshire; situated in
the Peak. Pop. 931.
Castleton, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 2 S. Roch
dale. Pop. 6,723.
Castletown, p-t. Richmond co. N. ¥., on N.
end of Staten island ; 9 SW. New, Yoric, W.
220. Pop. 1,527. The Marine Hospital, which
may accommodate 2, or 300 sick, and the
Quarantine and Health establishments of the
city of New York, are in this town.
Castletown, or Castle Rushing, (an. Sodo,}
chief town of the Isle of Man, near S. coast ;
the residence of the governor and most of tha
officers. Lon. 4. 40. W. Lat. 54. 4. N. H. 500.
Here the chanceiy court is kept every first
Thursday of the month ; and the head court, or
jail delivery, twice a year. It has a beautiful
castle, built of freestone.
Castletown, X. Scot., in Roxburgshire, on the
Liddal ; 18 SSW. Jedburg.— Native, J. Arm
strong. Caston, or Cawston, X. Eng., in Norfolk, with
a weekly market on Wednesday ; 1 1 N W. Nor
wich, 113 NNE. London. Pop. 356.
Castor's River, r. Newfoundland, which runs
into the harbour of St. John's.
Castoria, X. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, situat
ed on a lake ; 30 W. Edcssa.
Castoria, (an. Celethrum,) r. Eu. Turkey,
which empties itself into a lake, to which it
gives name, in Macedonia, and afterwards the
name is changed to Vistritza.
Caslra Cornelia, now Gellah.
Castravan Mountains, considerable mountains
of Syria, which branch off from mount Leba
non towards the sea, chiefly inhabited by Dru
ses ; 20 S. Tripoli.
Castrede d'Alva, X. Portugal, in Tras-os^Mon-
tes, on the Duero ; 12 SE. Espadacinta.
Caslres, city, France, Tarn, cap. of a district;,
20 S. Alba, 34 E. Toulouse. Lon. 2. 15. E. Lat
43. 27. N. Pop. 15,386. H. 1,681. Bp. see-.
It is situated on the Agout, and contains many
elegant public and private buildings, and has=
manufactures of woollen, cotton, and silk. In
the reign of Louis XIII. the inhabitants were
chiefly Protestants, and formed a kind of re
public ; but since that time the walls have been
destroyed, and the town laid open. Turquoise
stones have been found in the neighbourhood.
— Natives, Dacier, Rapin, and Boyer.
Castres, X. France, in Gironde ; 10 SE. Bour
deaux. Pop. 804.
Caslrezzato, X. Italy; 11 W. Brescia.
Cosb-i, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, built on the
site of the ancient Delphi ; 14 NW. Livadia. It
contains about 70 wretched cottages, and the
inhabitants are miserably poor. Remains of
antiquities, as mutilated inscriptions and frag
ments of pillars are seen in all parts of the vil
lage. The remains of the gymnasium and sta
dium are still visible, the latter having preserv
ed even its marble seats. But of the far-famed
temple of Delphi, not a trace remains.
Castri, (an. Hermione,) t. Eu. Turkey, on SE
coast of the Morea; 12 E. Cape Skillo' 48 SE
Argo. Castries, X. France, in Herault ; 6 NE. Mont-
pellier. Pop. 511.
Castries, (Bay of) bay on E. coast of Chinese

CAS

350

CAT

Tartary, situated at the bottom of a gulf in the
strait of Saghalien. Lon. 141. 0. E. Lat. 51.
29. N.
Castricum, v. Holland ; 5 S. Alcmaer.
Castricum Bay, bay on E. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 124. 35. E. Lat. 0. 28. N.
Castro, X. Spain, Aragon ; 10 NE. Balbastro.
Castro, X. S. A., in the island of Chiloe. Lat.
43. 40. S.
Castro, (an. Mylilene,) s-p. isl. of Metelin, and
the capital ; 30 SW. Adramiti. Lon. 26. 28. E.
Lat. 39. 12. N. Pop. 7,200. Turks 4,000. Greeks
and Armenians 3,000. Jews 200. It is situated
on NE. coast, facing the gulf of Adramiti, with
2 harbours, one of which is capable of receiv
ing large vessels. There are considerable ves
tiges remaining of its former grandeur and
magnificence. There are 2 castles, one ancient,
the other modern, each furnished with a Turk
ish garrison and commander. There are many
Greeks, and some Armenians ; the former have
4 churches, and a metropolitan. The chief
trade is ship-building.
Castro, duchy, Italy, in the States-of-the-
Church, is bounded N. by the Orvietan, E. by
the Patrimonio, S. by the sea, and W. by the
Siennese ; 25 miles long, and from 8 to 13
wide. '
Castro, X. Italy, and capital of a duchy, in the
dominions of the pope ; 50 NW. Rome. Loil.
11. 35. E. Lat. 42. 33. N.
Castro, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 4 SSW. Otran
to. Lon. 18. 22. E. Lat. 40. 18. N. Pop. 7,789.
Bp. see.
Castro, see Scan, and Stalimene.
Castro, t. Spain, Cordova; 17 SW. Cordova.
Castro, r. Spain, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lon. 9. 18. W. Lat. 43. 2. N.
Castro Bom, see Castel Bom.
Castro de Caldulas, t. Spain, in Galicia ; 27
NE. Orense.
Castro Dayro, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 15 SSW.
Lamego. Castro Geritz, or Castro Xeris, t. Spain, in
Old- Castile ; 20 W. Burgos.
Caslro Giovanni, X. Sicily, in the valley of
Noto ; 40 W. Catania, 63 SW. Melazzo. Lon.
14. 50. ,E. Lat. 37. 30. N. Pop. 10,000. This
was the ancient Enna, particularly famous for
the worship of Ceres and Proserpine ; and it
was supposed that the latter was carried away
by Pluto from a neighbouring wood.
Caslro de Goes, X. Portugal, in Beira; 9NW.
Viseu. Caslro Marim, s-p. Portugal, in Algarva, at
the mouth of the Guadiana, strongly fortified ;
12 ENE. Tavira. Lon. 7. 22. W. Lat. 37. 12. N.
Pop. 1,800.
Castro Mocho, X. Spain, in Leon ; 15 W. Pa-
lencia. Caslro Novo, or Castel Novo, X. Sicily, in the
valley of Mazara ; 20 SE. Palermo. Lon. 13.
48. E. Lat. 37. 47. N. Pop. 3,904.
Caslro Nuovo, X. Dalmatia, built by a king of
Bosnia, defended towards the sea by inaccessi
ble rocks, and towards the land by a citadel
and castle.
Caslro Nuovo, X. Naples, in Basilicata ; 15
WSW. Tursi. Pop. 2,150.
Caslro Riale, t. Sicily, in the valley of Demo-

na ; 15 SW. Messina. Lon. 15. 22. E. Lat, 38.
7. N. Pop. 9,344.
Castro de Rey, X. Spain, in Galicia ; 15 W.
Modonedo. Castro del Rio, X. Spain, in Cordova ; 15 SE.
Cordova. Pop. 4,600.
Castro Trionto, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ;
HE. Rossano.
Castro Verde, t. Spain, in Galicia; 15 ENE.
Mondonedo. Castro Verde, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 4 NE.
Ourique. Pop. 2,765. — In 1139, a battle was
fought near this town, between the Christians
and the Moors, in which the former were vic
torious. Castro Vetrano, X. Sicily, in the valley of Ma
zara ; 8 NE. Mazara.
Castro Vicente, X. Portugal, in Tras-os-Mon-
tes ; 18 E. Mirandela.
Castro Villara, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 6
W. Cassano. Pop. 5,600.
Castro Virreyna, t. Peru, in the bishopric of
Guamanga, capital of a district, 60 W. Guaman
ga, 120 SE. Lima. Lon. 74. 45. W. Lat. 12.
50. S. The countiy is situated near the Andes,
is fertile, and feeds a great number of Peruvian
sheep, whose wool forms the principal article
of its commerce. In the province are several
silver mines, and one of gold.
Castro de Urdiales, X. Spain, in Biscay, on the
sea-coast, with a castle and an arsenal ; 8 E.
Laredo, 15 NW. Bilbao.
Castrop, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg,
which contains 1 church for Roman Catholics,
and 2 for Protestants of different persuasions ;
7 W. Dortmund, 27 SSW. Munster. Lon. 7.
25. E. Lat. 51.32. N. Pop. 548.
Caslropol, X. Spain, in Asturia, on the borders
of Galicia ; 14 E. Mondonedo.
Caslrosaros, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 44
W. Gallipoli, 45 SSW. Trajanopoli.
Castrozato, X. Italy ; 12 W. Brescia.
Caslrup, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Munster ; 5
SSE. Cloppenburg.
Castua, or Khoslo, t. Istria ; 30 SE. Trieste.
Lon. 14. 19. E. Lat 45. 29. N. Pop. 417. It
is situated on a mountain, near the Adriatic, and
has a castle.
Castulo, now Cazlona.
Casvin, see Casbin.
Casus, now Coso.
Caswell, co. N. part of N. C. ; W. 307. Pop.
in 1810, 11,757 ; slaves 2,299. Pop. in 1820,
13,253. Chief town, Leasburg.
Caszua, see Cassovia.
Cat Island, or St. Salvador, or Guanahana, or
Guanimina, one of the Bahama islands ; about
60 miles in length from N. to S., and 12 in its
mean breadth. Pop. in 1797, 657. This was
the first island discovered by Columbus, who
called it Vt. Salvador. Lon. 75. W. Lat. 24.
30. N.
* Cat Rock, rock near SW. coast of Ireland ; 1
SW. Crow-Head.
Cat Island, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of Florida. Lon. 88. 49. W. Lat.
30. 8. N.
Cat Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 91. 40. W.
Lat. 52. 30. N.
Car Falls, cataracts in the river Utawas, in
Canada ; 219 W. Montreal. '

CAT

351

CAT

Cat Keys, two or three small islands among
the Bahamas, which afford a harbour. Lon. 80.
50. E. Lat. 25. 10. N.
Cat Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipelago,
about 3 miles in circ. Lat 10. 21. N.
Catabamba, jurisdiction, Peru, in the bishop
ric of Cusco, bounded Nl by Abancay, SW. by
Chilques and Masques, W. by Chumbivilcas,
and NW. by Aimaraez ; 75 miles long, and 23
broad. Pop. about 10,000. The capital is of
the same name, sometimes called Tumbabam-
ba. It is mountainous, but feeds a great num
ber of cattle, and in it are found mines of silver.
and gold.
Catabamba, t. Peru, chief place in the juris
diction of the same name ; 90 SW. Cusco.
Catabangan, X. Lucon, in San Miguel bay.
Lon. 123,45. E. Lat. 13. 58. N.
Catabaw, r. which rises in NW. part of N. C.
and passes into S. C, where it takes the name
of Wateree. It unites with the Congaree, about
30 SE. Columbia, to form the Santee.
Catabaws, Indians, on the Catabaw, near the
borders of North and South Carolina, No. 4,
or 500. They reside on a reservation of 144,000
acres of land on the Catabaw.
Catabuhu, r. S. America, which runs into the
Negro, about 200 miles above Fort Rio Negro.
Catachauca, X. Quito ; 25 NW. Loxa.
Cataco, see Morgan.
Catcea, now Kas.
Catahoula, parish, Louisiana. Pop. 2,287.
Catahdula, p-v. Catahoula, Louisiana ; 60 Al
exandria) W. 1,328.
Catakola, r. Africa, which joins the Coanza
at its mouth.
Cataka Indians, N.A. at the head of Tongue
river, Louisiana. No. 300.
Catahunk, one of the Elizabeth isls. Mass.
Catakecaumene, part of ancient Phrygia.
Catalaunum, now Chalons sur Marne.
Calalina Harbour, bay on E. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 53. 45. W. Lat. 48. 38. N.
Catalonia, (an. Taraconensis,) pr. Spain,
bounded N. by France, E. and SE. by the Med
iterranean, on the SW. by Valencia, and W. by
Aragon ; its form is nearly that of a triangle,
the base towards the Mediterranean being
about 140 miles in length, the side towards
France 120, and that towards Aragon 140. The
country in general is mountainous, but inter
sected with fertile valleys, while the mountains
themselves are covered with valuable woods
and fruit trees. Corn, wine, oil, flax, hemp,
legumes, and almost every kind of fruit, are
abundant ; here are quarries of marble of all
colours, of crystal, and alabaster ; here are also
found topazes, rubies, jaspers, and other pre
cious stones; mines of lead, tin, iron, alum,
vitriol, and salt, and formerly of gold and sil
ver. On the coast is a coral fishery. Catalonia
is naturally much less fertile than either of the
Castiles, but it far surpasses both, and indeed
every other province in Spain, in the industry
of its inhabitants, as well as the improvements
which they have effected in manufactures, ag
riculture, and commerce. Pop. 858,818. Sq.
m. 12,111. It has usually been divided1 into 15
vigueries, pr jurisdictions. The principal towns
are Barcelona, Tortosa, Tarragona, Gerona,
and Villa Franca de Panades.

Calaludy, X. Hind., on the coast of Malabar ;
16. S. Calicut.
Colon, or Pulo Colon, small-isl. in the Chi
nese sea, near the coast of Cochin-China. Lon.
108. 51. E. Lat. 15. 15. N.
Catanavan, X. on S. coast of Lucon. Lon.
122. 10. E. Lat. 15. 51. N.
Catanbuco, X. S. A. in Popayan ; 5 S. Pasto.
Catanduanes, one of the Philippine isls. about
34 miles long from N. to S. and from 15 to 20
broad. It abounds in rice, oil of palms, cocoas,
honey, and wax. Lon. 124. 26. E. Lat. 14.8. N.
Catang, r. Cochin-China, which runs into
the sea of China, Lon. 108. 3. E. Lat. 15. N.
Catangasa, small isl. among the Philippines,
N. of Sibu. Lon. 123. 48. E. Lat. 11. 42. N.
Catanhede, X. Portugal, in Beira; 13 WNW.
Coimbra. Catania, (an. Catana,) city, Sicily, in the val
ley of Demona, on the borders of the valley of
Noto, the see of a bishop, and suffragan of
Monreal ; 47 SSW. Messina, 85 ESE. Palermo.
Lon. 15. 6. E. Lat. 37. 30. N. Pop. variously
estimated at from 40, to 80,000. Bp. see. It is
situated on a gulf of the Mediterranean, at the
foot of Mount Etna. This city has been re
peatedly visited by tremendous earthquakes,
and was laid in ruins by one, in 1693, when
18,000 people were destroyed ; and upon the
situation which it occupied, the present city is
built ; the lava serving at the same time for
a foundation, as well as a quarry, from which
stone was dug for its construction. — Catania is
reviving with great splendour, and has much
more the features of a metropolis and royal
residence than Palermo ; the principal streets
are wide, and well paved with lava. Most of
the edifices have an air of magnificence, un
known in other parts of the island, and the
town has a title to rank among the elegant
cities of Europe. Here is a university with
3 faculties, much celebrated in Sicily. The in
habitants have always been noted for their
superiority over the other Sicilians in polite
ness. The Benedictine convent of St. Nicholas
is very large ; every part has been rebuilt since
the earthquake of 1693.
An obelisk of red granite, placed on the back
of an antique elephant of touchstone, stands in
the centre of the great square, which is formed
by the town-hall, seminary, and cathedral.
The cathedral, dedicated to St. Agatha, the
patroness of the city, has suffered so much by
earthquakes, that little of the original structure
remains. The other religious edifices are pro
fusely ornamented, but in a bad taste. The
harbour, though one of the largest in the island,
is not much frequented, but the trade is consid
erable. The exports are wheat, barley, wines,
oil, Sic
Catanzaro, (an. Canlalium,) X. Naples, cap.
Calabria Ultra II., the seat of a governor, and a
tribunal of justice ; 9 NE. Squillace. Lon. 16.
54. E. Lat. 38. 59. N. Pop. 10,896. Bp. see.
Its situation, on an eminence, in a pass be
tween the mountains and the sea, was well
adapted for repelling those who landed from
Africa or Sicily. In 1593, it became the capi
tal of the province. The chief trade is.in corn,
silk, and oil.

CAT

352

CAT

Catao, t. Thibet; 15 WSW. Yolotou.
Catara, t. Hind., in Oude ; 5 E. Kairabad.
Catara, X. Arabia ; 76 SE. El Catif.
Cataract River, r. N. A. which runs SW. into
the Columbia below the falls.
Cataractonium, now Thornbury.
Cataraugus, co. SW. part of N. Y. ; bounded
N. by Niagara and Genesee cos., E. by Alle
ghany co., S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by
Chatauque co. Pop. 4,090. Chief town, Elli-
cottsville. Cataraugus, r. N. Y. which after a W. course
of 40 miles falls into lake Erie, between Eden
and Hanover, 25 SSW. Buffalo. — Cattaraugus
is said to signify in the Indian language, stink
ing clay.
Cataro, see Cattaro.
Cataringa, X. on S. coast of Borneo, on a
river of the same name. Lon. 111. 40. E. Lat.
3. 4. S.
Catarmahal, t. Northern Hindoostan, in Al
mora. Lon. 79. 38. E. Lat. 29. 40. N. An an
nual fair is held here.
Cote Altos, X. Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 36
NNE. Villa Rica.
Cotos Altos, or Catos Altos, X. Brazil, in Rio
Grande ; 200 NE. Rio Janeiro. Pop. 2,000.
Catawba, see Catabaw.
Catawessy, or Catawissa, p-t. Columbia co.
Pa., on S. side of the Susquehanna, at the en
trance of a small river of the same name ; 26
ENE. Sunbury, 144 WNW. Philadelphia, W.
183. Pop. 2,580.
Calcheedo, X. Carnatic ; 24 W. Nellore.
Catchowl, one of the Nicobar islands. Lat.
S3. 58. E. Lat. 7. 55. N.
Catchwana, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 20 S. Na-
gore, 36 WNW. Agimere.
Catcott, v. Eng., Somerset ; 5 Bridgewater.
Pop. 445.
Cotcour, X. Bengal ; 8 SW. Nogong.
Cateau Cambresis, X. France, in North, on the
Seille; 15 SE. Cambray. Pop. 4,060. On the
29th of March, 1794, the French were defeated
near Cateau, by the Prince of Cobourg, with
the loss of 5,000 killed.
Cateapally, t. Hind., in Tellingana; 18 W.
Warangole. Catechimen, X. Prussia ; 12 NE. Konigsberg.
Cdtelet, see Caslelet.
Catetant Creek, r. N. Y. which joins the Os
wego ; 23 miles long.
Catfirthvae, bay, on NE. coast of ^Shetland ;
10 N. Lerwick. Lon. 1. 20. E. Lat. 60. 24. N.
Colli," X. Karasm, on the Gihon, near lake
Aral ; 50 miles from Urkonge.
Cathanls, i . Maine, which runs S. into Mer-
rymeeting bay, at Bowdoinham.
Calharineberg, t. Bohemia, in Saatz. Pop. 800.
Catharineberg, in Buchholz, see Buchholz.
Catharine's Town, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. ; 20
NW. Spencer, 165 NW. New York, W. 319.
Pop. 2,478.
Calliay, name by which the northern prov
inces of China are sometimes called.
Calhem, or Calema, or Kadhema, or Gran, or
Koueit, s-p. Arabia, in Lachsa, in a bay of the
Persian gulf, governed by a sheick. ton. 48.
10. E. Lat. 27. 40. N. The inhabitants are
chiefly employed in fishing for pearls.

Cdlhenon, X. France, in Moselle ; 4NNE.Th.i-
onville. Catherinestadt, see Katherinesladt.
Catherlough, see Carlow.
Catherthun, Black and White, two hills, Scot;
4 N. Brechin. They are remarkable for remains
of ancient fortifications, ascribed by some to
the aborigines of the country. On one of them
is an elliptical mound of stones, 462 feet by 200,
with a deep ditch ; on the other are circular
entrenchments. Cathlacommatup, Cathlacumup, and Cathla-
naquiah, Indians, on W. side of N. A. on Wap-
patoo island. No. 1,000.
Cathlamah, Indians, N. A. on the Columbia
No. 500.
Catholica, X. Italy ; 9 SSE. Rimini. It took
its name from the circumstance of some bish
ops retiring thither from a council held at Ri
mini, which inclined to favour Arianism.
Catholica, (La,) X. Sicily, in the valley of
Mazara ; 12 NW. Girgenti.
Catia, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile ;
5 S. Siut
Catieh, (an. Casium,) X. Egypt,near the coast
of the Mediterranean ; 80 NNE. Suez, 105 NE.
Cairo. Lon. 32. 55. E. Lat. 30. 56. N.
Catif, (El,) supposed to be an. (ferro, t. Ara
bia, in Lachsa, near the Persian gulf, on a river,
which is navigable for vessels of considerable
size, taking advantage of the tide, about 25
miles from the island of Bahhrein ; 132 S. Bas
sora, 420 S. Ispahan. Lon. 47. 16. E. Lat. 27.
10. N. Pop. stated at 10,000. The inhabitants
earn their subsistence by the pearl fishery, and
other fisheries.
Calignola, t. Italy, between Imola and Fa
enza. Catile, p-v. Rapide co. Louisiana.
Catingoor,X. Hind., in Golconda; 50 ESE.
Hydrabad. Catistobole, r. West Florida, which runs into
the gulf of Mexico, Lon. 85. 16. W. Lat. 29.
46. N.
Cativa, X. Brazil, St Paul ; 80 SW. St. Paul.
Catlalogan, X. on W. coast of the island of
Samar; Lon. 124. 38. N. Lat 11. 58. N.
Catlen, r. Ger., in the principality of Gruben-
hagen, which runs in the Rabme, at Catlenburg.
Catlenburg, t. Hanover, in Grubenhagen; 16
SSE. Einbeck. Pop. 2,254.
Catleitsburg, p-t. Greenup co. Kentucky; 157
Frankfort, W. 435.
Caiman Islands, two small islands among the
Philippines. Lon. 121. 44. E. Lat. 13. 40. N.
Catmandu, or Catamandtfo, city, Asia, capi
tal of Nepaul ; 154 N. Patna, 400 E. Delhi.
Lon. 85. 16. E. Lat. 28. 10. N. It is situated
in the valley of Nepaul, on the river Bishen-
mutty, 40 miles from the Himmalah mountains.
It is reckoned the present capital of Nepaul,
and was once the capital of an independent
kingdom, which extended from N. to S. 12 or
13 days' journey, as far as the borders of Thi
bet, and nearly as much from E. to W. The
houses are built of brick and tile ; of 2, 3, and
4 stories, and of mean appearance. The streets
are narrow and filthy. The/1 city is a mile long,
and where widest, half a inile broad. Some
years ago Catmandu, including its dependent

CAT

353

CAV

villages, was reckoned to contain 22,000 houses ;
and they have since increased. The number
within the city is reckoned at upwards of
6,000 ; and there are supposed to be as many
as 10 persons to a house ; making upwards of
60,000. The number of persons to a house out
of the city, is estimated at 8 ; making the pop
ulation of the city and district about 186,000.
Cato, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y., on S. side of
lake Ontario ; 24 N. Auburn, W. 395. Pop. in
1810, 1,075; in 1820, 4,021.
Colon, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 5 N. Lancas
ter. Pop. 1,061.
Catona, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 4 N.
Reggio. Calooba, X. on NW. coast of the isl. of Timor.
Lon. 125. 15. E. Lat. 8. 56. S.
Catoorguddy, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 9 NW.
Tripatore. Catopaxi, see Cbtop&xi.
Catorce, Mexico, in St. Luis Potosi, one of
the richest mines in Mexico, discovered in
1773, and stated to yield annually from
£740,000 to £840,000.
Cotore, t. S. A., St. Martha ; 10 N. Teneriffe.
Catos Altos, X. Brazil, in N. Villa Rica. Pop.
2,000. Catrah, t. Hind., in Benares ; 25 Merzapour
Catoury, X. Hind., Bahar; 15 WSW. Bahar. .
Catrine, v. Scot., in Ayr, first founded in 1787,
for the purpose of carrying on the cotton man
ufacture ; 9 NW. Ayr.
Catron, t. Fezzan ; 75 SSW. Mourzouk.
Cat's Creek Mills, p-v. Washington co. Ohio ;
W. 327.
Catsal, t. Chinese Tartary ; 28 W. Coucha.
Catsanitz, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia; 30 ESE.
Pristina. Catskill, p-t Si cap. Greene co. N. Y., on W.
bank of the Hudson ; 5 SW. Hudson, 31 S. Al
bany, W. 330. Pop. 3,510. Catskill village is
pleasantly situated, near the mouth of Catskill
river, and contains a court house, a jail, a bank,
an academy, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Presbyterians, and 1 for Episcopalians, and
upwards of 200 houses. It has some manufac
tures, and considerable trade. A weekly news
paper is published here.
Catskill, r. N. Y., which runs SE. into the
Hudson, in Catskill ; 35 miles long.
Catskill, the largest and most extensive
mountains in New York. They extend W. the
Hudson, in Ulster, Greene, Albany, and Scho
harie counties. Among the highest summits
are Round Top and High Peak. The former,
according to Capt. A. Partridge, is 3,804, the lat
ter 3,718 feet above tide water. A turnpike,
Which crosses this range, winds up till it reaches
th e elevation of 2,273 feet
Cattack, X. Hind., in Orissa, and district Of
Cattack, situated on an island, in the river Ma-
hanada, surrounded with walls ; 184 SW. Cal
cutta, 228 S. Patna. Lon. 86. E. Lat. 20. 32. N.
It is a place of consequence, as it is situated in
the road from the circars to the government of
Bengal. The island is of an oblong form, about
3 miles long, and 1 broad.
Cattacum, t. Hind. ; 26 NNE. Coimbetore.
Ca«oio, t. Italy, in Padua ; 5 S. Padua.
Cattaro, s-p. Aust., in Dalmatia, capital of a
Vol. I. 45

circle of the same name, (formerly called Ve
netian Albania,) at the bottom of the gulf of
Cattaro, on E. side of the Adriatic ; 25 WNW.
Scutari, 30 SSE. Ragusa. Lon. 18. 58. E. Lat.
42. 17. N. Pop. 4,000. H. 600. Bp. see. It
contains a cathedral, 17 Catholic churches and
chapels, 1 Greek church, and a hospital. It has
a remarkable harbour, one of the most secure'
in Europe, being defended by a castle and
strong battlements, and enclosed with rocks of
such height, that the sun is seen in winter only
a few hours in the day. — Pop. of the circle
31,576. Sq. m. 280.
Cattegat, large gulf of the North sea, between!
North Jutland to the W., Norway to the E.,
and the Danish islands of Zealand, Funen Sic.
to the S. ; about 120 from N. to S., and between"
60 and 70 from E. to W.
Cattenaw, X. Prussia ; 68 E. Konigsherg.
Catterick, X. Eng., in the North Riding of
Yorkshire ; 22 N. Borongbbridge. Pop. 641.
Cattoun, or Caytone, English settlement on
W. coast of Sumatra. Lon: 101. 45; E. Lat. 3.
20. S.
Cattya, t. Bengal ; 15 SW. Silhet.
Ca(it, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lon. 38. 36. W. Lat. 3. 40. S.
Catura, t. Syria, in Aleppo ; 15 N. Aleppo.
Catus, X. France, in Lot ; 7 NNW. Cahprs.
Pop. 1,134.
Catwyck, v. Holland, on the borders of the
sea, near which the Rhine loses itself in the
sand ; 6 NW. Leyden. Pop. 1,186. The Ro
mans built a castle near this village, called Arx
Brilanica, and the ruins are sometimes visible,
when the sea retires more than usual.
Catzenelnbogen, co. Ger., extending along the
banks of the Rhine and Maine, and divided by
the Maine into Upper and Lower. The former
now constitutes a part of the Hesse province of
Starkenburg ; the latter is included in the duchy
of Nassau.
Catzenelnbogen, t. Si castle, Ger., in Nassau,
Lower Catzenelnbogen ; 22 ESE. Coblentz, 28
NNW. Mentz. Lon. 7. 57. E. Lat. 50. 13. N.
Pop. 593. Near it is an iron mine.
Co»o, one of the smaller Orkney islands,
about 3 miles S. Pomona. Lon. 3. 1. W. Lat
58. 41. N.
Cono, t. Italy ; 3 W. Cremona.
Cano, (La,) t. Naples, in Principato Citra ;
Bp, see ; 4 NW. Salerno, 22 SE. Naples. Lon
14. 32. E. Lat. 40. 33. N. Pop 24,212. The
inhabitants carry on a great trade in silk and
linens. Cauachi, X. S. A., in Quito, on the river of the
Amazons ; 90 NE. St. Joachim de Omaguas.
Cavade, lake, Tyrol ; 12 WNW. Trent.
Cavado, r. Portugal, which runs into the sea,
near Espbsenda.
Cavagan, X. on W. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120
20. E. Lat. 14. 55. N.
Cavaglia, t. Piedmont ; 16 W. Vercelli. Pop
2,900. Cojjoi, t. Hind., in Calicut ; 25 NNW. Telli-
cherry. Cavaillon, (an. CabelUo,) X. France, in Van-
cluse, on the Durance ; 12 SE. Avignon 16
WSW. Apt. Pop. 5,192. Before the revolu
tion the see of a bishop, in the county of Ve-

CAV

354

CAU

naissin. It contains many remains of Roman
magnificence. Cavaillon, t on S. coast of St. Domingo ; 70
W. Jaquemel.
Cavala, X, Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 15 WNW.
Villa Rica.
, Cavala, or La Cavale, (an Neapolis,) s-p. Eu.
Turkey, in Romania ; 30 E. Emboli, 200 W.
Constantinople. Lon. 24. 48. E. Lat. 40. 43.
N. Pop. 3,000. It is situated on a peninsular
rock, at N. end of the Archipelago, and for
merly had strong fortifications.
Cavaler Maggiore, X. Piedmont ; 3 N. Savig-
liano, 19 S. Turin. Pop. 4,945.
Cavaleri, small isl. Eu. Turkey, in the Archi
pelago, between SW. end of Negropont, and
the continent of Greece. Lon. 24. 10. E. Lat
38. 7. N.
Cavalerie, (La,) X. France, in Aveiron ; 6 SE.
Milhaud. Pop. 760.
Cavales, r. S. A., which runs into the Rio
Dulce, near St. Miguel de Tucuman.
Cavalese, t. Tyrol ; 20 NNE. Trent.
Cavalia, t. Africa, on the Ivory coast.
Cavalli, small isl. near SE. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 10. E. Lat. 39. 12. N.
Canalleros,X. N. A., on NW. part of the bay
of Panama ; 75 SW. Panama.
Cavalley, cluster of small islands, in the S.
Pacific ocean, near the coast of New Zealand ;
9 NW. Point Pocock. Lon. 185. 42. E. Lat.
35. 3. N.
Cavalles, r. Africa, on the Grain coast, which
runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 7. 30. W. Lat., 4.
28. N. '-'
Cavallos de Fam, two small islands in the
Atlantic, near the coast of Portugal, about 2
SSW. Esposenda. Lon. 8. 25. W. Lat. 41. 30. N.
Cavallos Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on W. coast
of Africa. Lat. 24. 12. N.
Cavan, X. Ireland, in the county of the same
name ; 41 ESE. Sligo, 53 NW. Dublin. Here
is a barrack for a troop of horse. It is the shire
town, and before the union sent 2 members to
the Irish parliament.
Cavan, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Ferma
nagh and Monaghan, E. by Monaghan and
Meath, S. by Meath and Longford, and W. by
Leitrim ; rather more than 40 miles long, and
about 20 broad, containing 30 parishes. Pop.
in 1801, about 90,000. H. 18,000. Sq. m. 470.
The soil is chiefly a stiff clay, which produces
naturally a coarse, rushy pasture ; but in some
places it has been much mended by cultivation.
The principal towns are Cavan, Belturbet, and
Cootehill. The county sends two members to
parliament. Cavana, t Peru, in Cusco ; 100 SW. Cusco.
Cavanlandalum, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 15
NW. Carongoly.
Cavaronisi, small isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago, near W. coast of Myconi.
Cavarcera, Aust. Italy, in Venice, on the right
bank of the Adige ; 16 NE. Rovigo. Pop. 7,000.
It has a considerable trade. It was formerly
called Cope d'Argine.
¦Cavaxiri, small isl. of Japan, near S. coast of
the island of Ximo.
Cavayan, X. on W. coast of Negros. Lon. 122.
32. E. Lat. 10. 6. N.

Cavazates, t. Cuba ; 120 E. Havannah.
Caub, t. Ger., in Nassau, formerly in the pal
atinate of the Rhine ; 20 S. Coblentz, 28 W.
Mentz. Lon. 7. 40. E. Lat. 50. 3. N. Pop.
1,050. Near it is the citadel of Gutenfels, and
on an island in the Rhine, opposite, is a watch
tower, called the Pfalz, or Pfalzgrevenstein,
which serves for the defence of the town, and
the collection of toll.
Caubul, see Cabul.
Came, X. Great Bukharia ; 70 SE. Anderab.
Cauca, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 18 N. Segovia.
It is a place of great antiquity, and belonged to
the Vaccae.
Cauca, r. S. A., which rises in a lake, 40 S.
Popayan, and after a course of about 500 miles,
passing near the towns of Popayan, Buga, Cali,
Anserma, and Antioquia, falls into the Magda-
lena, 15 N. Mompox.
Caucasus, vast chain of mountains, Asia, be
tween the Black and Caspian seas. They com
mence near the mouth of the Kuban, run gen
erally in an ESE. direction, and approach the
Caspian sea, north of the Kur. The range is
about 400 miles in length, and it declines in
height, as it approaches the seas, on each side.
Throughout the range, where the height is the
greatest, there is a tract about 5 miles in
breadth, that is covered with eternal ice. El-
burus, the most elevated summit, is said to be
17,786 feet above the sea. The ranges present
an exceedingly diversified surface, abounding
in terrific precipices and deep valleys ; while
in other parts, they stretch out into level plains,
in some parts very fertile. They contain a great
variety of minerals, and abound in numerous
animals, as deer, wild cats, leopards, wolves, .
jackals, Sic This tract is inhabited by a variety
of tribes, differing in civilization ; some ac
knowledging no authority, but subsist by dep
redations on their neighbours. They are Chris
tians, Mahometans, and Pagans.
Caucasus, or Caucasia, (Government of) pr.
Russia, which takes its name from the moun
tain so called ; bounded NW. by the sea of
Azoph and the country of the Cosacs, NE. by
the governments of Saratov and Upha, E. by
the Caspian sea and the river Ural, S. by the
river Cuban and Georgia. In these boundaries
is included the government of Astrachan, which
has heretofore been united with Caucasus. Sepa
rate from Astrachan, it is divided into 5 circles,
viz. Georgievsk, Alexandrov, Stavropol, Kizli-
ar, and Mosdok. Pop. 105,000. Sq. m. 55,120.
The principal towns are Ekaterinograd, Kizliar,
and Eiskoi.
Cauchan, X. Bessarabia ; 60 NNW. Akerman.
Cauchumili, small Turkish isl. in the Medi
terranean ; 20 SW. Stanchio. Lon. 26. 24. E.
Lat. 36. 30. N.
Caudamatris, X. Ceylon, on W. coast ; 64 NW.
Candia. Lon. 80. E. Lat. 8. 20. N.
Caudar, r. Spain, which runs into the Xucar,
a little above Cuenca.
Cauder, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
132. 9. E. Lat. 5. 2. S.
Caudebec, X. France, in Lower Seine, situated
on the Seine ; 8 E. Havre, 15 W. Rouen. Lon.
0. 18. E. Lat. 46. 31. N. Pop. 2,996. It is
surrounded with walls, flanked with towers.

CAV

355

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The town is not large, but populous and com
mercial. Caudecoste, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
7 SE. Agen. Pop. 1,230.
Caudergunge, X. Hind., in Rohilcund, on the
Ganges ; 15 S. Budayoon.
Caudete, t. Spain, in Murcia. Pop. 2,976.
Lon. 0. 31. E. Lat. 38. 40. N.
Caudies, X. France, in Eastern-Pyrenees ; 27
WNW. Perpignan. Pop. 1.490.
Caudipan, countiy or kingdom, in Celebes.
Caudrot, X. France, in Gironde, on the Ga
ronne ; 5 W. Reolle.
Cave-Hill, mt. Ireland, in the county of An
trim ; 4 N. Belfast
Cose, r. N. A. which runs into the Mississip
pi, Lon. 93. 30. W. Lat. 44. 43. N.
Cavedan, r. Persia, which runs into the Bend
Emir, 25 SE. Neubendjam.
Cone Town, p-t. Washington co. Pa. ; 200 W.
Harrisburg, W. 236.
Cauen, see Kowno.
Cavendish, p-t. Windsor co. Vt, on Black
river; 13 WSW. Windsor, W. 451. Pop. in
1810, 1,295; in 1820, 1,551. Here is an acade
my. The channel of the river in this town has
been worn 100 feet deep, and very large rocks
have been undermined.
Caveripatam, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 90 E. Se
ringapatam, 130 WSW. Madras. Lon. 78. 22.
E. Lat. 12. 22. N.
Caversundrum, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 23
NNW. Gandicotta.
Cavery, see Cauvery.
Caverypank, t. Hind., in the Carnatic. Lon.
79. 32. E. Lat 12. 59. N. It is a considerable
town. Here is a large tank, or reservoir, about
8 miles long, and 3 broad.
Caverypatam, (an. Chaberis,) t. Hind., in the
Carnatic ; 12 S. Tanjore.
Caveryporum, X. Hind., in Coimbetore, on the
Cauvery ; 80 SE. Seringapatam.
Caverzano, X. Italy, Belluno ; 4 NW. Belluno.
Cavesas, cluster of small isl. in the Spanish
Main, a little E. Cape St. Bias. Eon. 28. 30. W.
Lat. 9. 30. N.
Cavesville, p-v. Orange co. Va. ; W. 1 J9.
Cauga, or Couga, see Fittre.
Caughenewaga, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y. ;
43 Albany, W. 404.
Caugmahry, or Caugmary,nr. Bengal, bound
ed N. byBurbazzoo and Pookareah, E. by
Dacca, S. by Attyah, and W. by Burbazzoo ;
about 25 miles long, and from 5 to 10 broad.
Caugmahry is the chief town.
Caugmahry, X. Bengal, Si cap. of a province ;
20 NW. Dacca, 125 NE. Calcutta. Lon. 90 E
Lat. 24. 14. N.
CaviaAa, isl. in the mouth of the Amazons,
of a triangular form, about 120 miles in circ,
situated a little to the N. of the equinoctial line.
Caviana, t. Brazil, in Para ; 25 SW. Para.
Caviano, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 7 N. Naples.
Caviconda, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 18 N. Chin-
na Balabaram.
Cavicunga, X. on JN. coast of Lucon. Lon
121. 13. E. Lat 18. 45. N.
Cavillargues, X. France, Gard; 8 NE. Uzes.
Cavilli, small isl. in E. Indian sea. Lon. 121.
E. Lat. 9. 12. N.

Carinas, t. Peru, in Cusco ; 60 SSE. Cusco.
Cavite, X. Lucon ; 9 SW. Manilla. Lon. 121.
0. E. Lat. 14. 29. N. Pop. 4,000. It is situated
on the bay of Manilla, andis the port of that city.
It has a good depth of water. It was formerly a
considerable place.
Caukny, t. Bengal ; 42 SSE. Curruckpour.
Caulabaugh, X. Cabul, on the Indus; 110 N.
by W. Moultan. Lon. 70. 46. E. Lat. 32. 11.
N. It is inhabited by an Afghan tribe called
Awans. The houses are built on platforms cut
out of the declivity of a hill. This town
has been long noted for an inexhaustible store
of the finest rock salt, and it has alum works.
Caulne, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 10 SW.
Dinan. Caulone, mt. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 8
NE. Oppido.
Caulonia, see Castella Vetere.
.Caumont, X. France, in Calvados; 12 SSW.
Bayeux. Pop. 2,151.
Caumont, X. France, in Vauclure ; 8 E. by S.
Avignon. Pop. 1,583.
Caumpelly, X. Hind., in Golconda; 40 SE
Warahgole. Caundapaddy, t. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 32
E. Damicotty.
Course, (La,) X. France, principal place of a
district, in Tarn ; 21 ENE. Castres. Pop. 2,612.
Caunes, (Les,) X. France, in Aude ; 21 WNW.
Narbonne, 10 NE. Carcassonne. Pop. 1,743.
Caunglass Point, cape of Ireland, on W.
coast, in Kerry. Lon. 10. 8. W. Lat. 51. 58. N.
Cauniah, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 16 NE. Bahar.
Caunitoor, X. Carnatic ; 12 SE. Carongoly.
Caunpore, see Cawnpour.
Caunsrahead, cape of Ireland, on W. coast,
in Kerry. Lon. 10. 20. W. Lat. 52. 8. N.
Canuck, X. Hind., Benares; 7 S. Bidzigur.
Counus, now Kaigeuz.
Cavogliero, bay on S. coast of St. Domingo ;
70 E. St. Domingo.
Cavore, X. Piedmont, in Pignerole; 8 S. by
E. Pignerole. Pop. 5,673.
Cauqueues, t. Chili, on the river Maule. Lon.
73. 35. W: Lat. 32. 24. S.
Caura, r. Guiana, S. America, which runs
into the Orinoco, Lat, 7. 50. N.
Caurium, now Coria.
Cauro, X. Corsica; 9 ESE. Ajazzo.
Causamul, one of the smaller Scotch Hebrides.
Lon. 7, 38. W. Lat. 57. 34. N.
Caussade, X. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne ;
12 NE. Montaubon. Pop. 4,132.
Cautekporum, t. Bengal ; 30 S. Dacca.
Cauten, r. S. A. which rises in Chili, and runs
into the Pacific ocean, Lat. 38. 30. S.
Cauteres, X. France, in Higher-Pyrenees; 5 /
W. Lus. Pop. 659. /
Canlgunge, t. Hind., in Bahar, on N. side of
the Ganges, opposite Bar.
Cautnagur, X. Bengal; 20 S. Midnapr
Lon. 87. E. Lat. 22. 5. N. , ,
Cauto,X. Cuba; 25 NE. Bayamo. /
Cauro, r. Cuba, which runs into XhseA-
NW. Bayamo. Lon. 77. W. Lat/tfllum-
Cauvery, r. Hind., which riseshding a
nore country, passes by Seringj itself by
haddy, Tritchinopoly, fee., ani1
course of nearly 400 miles

CAY

356

CAY

two branches into the bay of Bengal, one near
Devicotta, and the other near Negapatam.
Caux, before the revolution, a countiy, in
France, in Normandy, about 150 miles in circ,
lying between the ocean and the Seine, Vexin,
Normandy, Picardy, and the country of Bray.
The land is fertile in grain, hemp, fruits, Sic.
The coast abounds with fish, and the forests
with game. Caudebec is the capital.
Cawah, X. HJnd., in Bahar ; 12 NW. Bahar.
Cawastagny, X. Bengal, 12 NE. Midnapour.
Cawb; t. Africa, Kordofan ; 230 W. Sennaar.
Cawderchuck, X. Hind., in Rohilcund ; 10 S.
Budayoon. Cawenisque, r. Pennsylvania, which runs in
to the Tioga, on the borders of New-York,
Lon. 77. 11. W- Lat 42. 1. N.
Cawnpour, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 45 SW.
Lucknow, 98. NW. Allahabad. Lon. 80. 38. E.
Lat. 2.6. 27. N. A brigade of the company's
troops is stationed here, this being the chief
military station in the ceded provinces.
Cawood, X. Eng., in East riding of York, with
a weekly market on Wednesday; 10 SW.
York, 190 N. London. Pop. 1,053. Here was
formerly a castle or palace, belonging to the
archbishops of York, where Cardinal Wolsey
Was arrested.
Cawoor, t on SW. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
103. 15. E. Lat. 4. 52. S.
Cawthorne, X. h parish, Eng., in W. riding of
Yorkshire; 4 Barnsley. Pop. 1,208.
Caxamarca, or Quaxamarka, jurisdiction,
Peru, in Truxillo. The inhabitants are for the
most part Indians, and chiefly weavers. Pop.
46,000. Caxamarca, X. Peru, capital of a jurisdiction
of the same name ; about 70 miles from the
Pacific ocean, 280 N. Lima. Lon. 78.35. W.
Lat. 7. 3. S. Pop. 12,000. It was at one time a
royal city, where the emperor Atahualapa was
put to death, after having been defeated and
imprisoned by Pizarro.
Caxamarquilla, t. Peru, in Truxillo, and juris
diction of Patas, on a river of the same name ;
40 E. Caxamarca, 110 ENE. Truxillo.
Caxamarquilla, see Patas.
Caxatambo, pr. Peru,bounded;N. by Huailasor
Guailas ;|NE.by Conchuios, E. by Huamalies, or
Guamalies, SE. by Tarma, S.by Chancay, and
NW. by Santa ; 100 long, and about as wide ;
elevated, mountainous, and cold. Caxatambo,
the capital, is in Lat. 10. 27. S.
Caxton, X. Eng., Cambridgeshire ; 10 S. Hun
tingdon, 49 N. London. Pop. 317. It was
the birthplace of Caxton, the earliest English
printer, and of Mathew Paris, the historian. .
fay, X. China, of the second rank in Petche-
li ; 125 SSW. Peking. Lon. 115.20. E. Lat.
38. 3. N.
Caya, r. Spain, which runs into the Guadiana,
tieai; Badajoz.
Cairn, r. Spain, in Catalonia, which runs into
eMe^terranean, near Tamarit.
¦ayai\S. A. on E. coast of the island of
"o;^ NNW. Para.
Jv^a^00 ^'e*> c'uster of islands lying
CaW?„;Sorneo. Lon. US. 50. E. Lat
\about 20 miles in circ
^X?, and Cuyahoga.

Cayaleri, small isl. in the channel between
the coast of Greece, and the island of Negro
pont. Lon. 24. 6. E. Lat. 38. 9. N.
Cayamba, t. S. A., in Quito ; 35 NE Quito.
Cuyambe, Cayamburo, or Cayambe-Urcp, mt
S. A., one of the highest summits of the Andes,
under the equator, 50 NE. Quito. It rises, ac
cording to the measurement of Humbolt, and
Condamine, to the height of 20,000 feet; in
the form of a truncated cone.
Cayambe-urcu, X- S. America; 30 NE. Quito.
Cayana, see Cajana.
Cayapas, X. S. A., in Quito ; 50 N. Quito.
Cayapas, t. S. A., in Quito ; 36 NW. Ibarra.
Cayapas, r. Brazil, which runs into the Parana.
Cayar, or Caypr.
Cayas, or Rubicon, the prinpipal town of the
island of Lancerotta, and formerly the see of a
bishop, containing about 200 houses, and a
monastery. It is defended by a castle,, on
which some guns are mounted ; 5 N. Porto de
Noas. Caybobo, t. on S. coast of the island of Ce-
rara. Lon. 128. 33. E. Lat. 3. 8. S.
Caye, (Grand,) or North-Caye, cluster of
rocks among the Bahama islands, extending 30
miles in length from E. to W., and from 3 to 10
in breadth. Cayemgunge, t. Hind., in Oude ; 20 NW.
Furruckbad. Cayenne, or French Guiana, pr. S. A. Lon.
51. to 54. 30. W. Lat. 1. 30. to 5. 30. N. Bound
ed N. by Dutch Guiana, NE! and E. by the At
lantic, S. by the Portuguese Guiana, and W.
by Spanish and Dutch Guiana. Length 550
miles, breadth 240. It includes the island of
Cayenne. See Guiana.
Cayenne, isl. S. A., in the Atlantic ocean,
near the coast of.Guiana, belonging to France,
in French Guiana, 18 miles long, and 10
broad. The land is high near the coasts, but
low in the centre ; the soil is a black sand, cov
ering a loamy clay fit to make bricks. The
hills are cultivated, and the pastures feed a
great number of horses, sheep, goats, and
cattle, which roam at will. It produces sugar,
cocoa, coffee, and indigo, which with maize,
cassia, and vanilla, form its principal com
merce. — Ithas a town of the same name, which
is situated at N. point of the island, near the
mouth of the river Cayenne, has a large
and convenient port, and is the capital of the
colony and the seat of government, and con
tains according to some only about 200 hous
es ; according to others 6, or 7,000 inhabitants.
Lon. 52. 14. W. Lat. 4. 56. N.
Cayenne Bay, bay on SW. coast of the island
of St. Vincent; 2NW. Kingston bay.
Cayes, two small islands among the Baha
mas ; 15 NW. Mahaguana.
Cayes, (Les,) or Aux Cayes, s-p. on S. coast
of Hispaniola ; 30 SSE. Port-au-Prince. Lon.
74. 31. W.. Lat. 18. 13. N. This town, a few
years since, contained 12, or 15,000 inhabitants.
It is now very much reduced. The harbour is
inferior; but the surrounding country is fertile.
Cayetar, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 15 N.
Ti nevelly.
Cayeux, t. France, in Somme ; 10 N. Mont-
didier. Pop. 2,300.

CAY

357

CAY

Caygufr, t. Popayan ; 32 SE. Barbacoa.
Cuyhoca, t. Mexico, in Guaxaca, on the Gua-
zacoalco, near the gulf of Mexico; 180 ENE.
Guaxaca. Lon. 95. 26. W. Lat. 18.6. N.
Caylar, (Le,) t. France, in Herault ; 7 N.
Lodeve. Caylin, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Chili. Lat. 44. 25. S.
Caylloma, see Calloma.
Caylux, X. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne ; 21
NE. Montaubon. Pop. 5,131.
Caymans, rocks and islets near NE. coast of
Honduras, Lon. 83. 8. W. Lat. 15. 48. N.
Caymans, three small islands of the West In
dies, near the bay pf Honduras, called Great
Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brock ;
the former is inhabited by descendants of the
bucaniers, and is situated, Lon. 81.40. W. Lat.
19. 20. N.
Caymites, three islands near W. coast of
Hispaniola, the largest about 12 miles in circ. ;
36 W. Cape Donna Maria.
Cayne, r. Wales, which joins the Severn, 4
W. Newton, in Merionethshire.
Caynourd, X. Africa, Galam ; 30 S! Galam.
Cayo, (El,) X. Cuba ; 60 E. Spiritu Santo.
Cayo d'Afuero, rock, or small isl. on S. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 79. 52. W. Lat. 21. 35. N.
Cayo de Anguilla, one of the small Bahama
islands, Lat. 25. 8. N.
Cayo Blanco, rock, or small isl. near N. coast
of Cqba. Lon. 80. 22. N. Lat. 23. 23. N.
Cayo Blanco, rock, or small isl. near S. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 83. 40. W- Lat. 21. 42. N.
Cayo Blanco, rock, or small isl. near S. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 80. 1. W. Lat 21. 30. N.
Cayode Compos, rock, or small isl. near S».
coast of Cuba. Lon. 82. 48. W. Lat. 21. 25. N.
Cayo Confiies, or Sugar Key, rock or small
isl. near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 77. 40. W.
Lat. 22. 11. N.
Cayo de Cruz, rock, or small isl. near N.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 77. 32. W. Lat. 22. 20. N.
Cayo de Sal, one of the small Bahamaislands.
Lat. 25. 20. N.
Cayo Frances, rock, or small isl. near N. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 78. 50. W. Lat. 22. 25. N.
Cayo Gorda, small isl. surrounded with rocks,
in the Spanish Main. Lon. 83. 8. W. Lat. 15.
45. N.
Cayo Grande, or Angular Key, rock or small
isl. near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 84. 20. W.
Lat 22. 44. N.
Cayo Guana, rock, or small isl. near N. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 77. 4. W. Lat. 21. 58.' N.
Cayo Guinches, see Dutch Key.
Cayo Inglez, rock, or small isl. on S. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 79. W. Lat. 21. 1. N.
Cayo Largo, cluster . of islets, in the bay of
Honduras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 90.
W. Lat. 16. 10. N.
Cayo Largo, rock, or small isl. near N. coast
pf Cuba. Lon, 85. 12- W. Lat. 22. 30. N.
Cayo Largo, rock, or small isl. near S. coast
of Cuba. Lon- 79. 30. W- Lat 20. 54. N.
Cayo de Macknos, rock, or small isl. near S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 79. 56. W. Lat. 21. 44. N.
Cayo de Mao Afuera, rock, or small isl. near
S. cpast of Cuba. Lon. 79. 40. W. Lat. 21. 16.N.
Cayo de Mi, rock, or small isl. near S. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 78. 12. W. Lat. 20. 33. N.

Cayo de Moa, rock, or small isl. near N. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 74. 25. W. Lat. 20. 50. N.
Cayo del Oeste, rock, or small isl. near S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 79. 12. W. Lat. 21. 2. N.
Cayo de Palambas, rock, or small isl. near S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 79. 14. W. Lat. 21. 12. N.
Cayo Palone, rock, or small isl. nearN. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 77. 10. W. Lat. 22. 10. N.
Cayo de Pickdras, rock, or small isl. near N.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 80. 20. W. Lat. 23. 23. N.
Cayo de Puercas, rock, or small isl. near N.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 83. 50. W. Lat. 22. 55. N.
Cayo Romano, rock, or small island, near N.
coast of Cuba. Lon . 77. 20. W. Lat. 22. 6. N.
Cayo de St. Maria, rock, or small island, near
N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 78. 36. W. Lat. 22.
30. N.
Cayo de Sanlinal, rock, or small island, near
N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 76. 40. W. Lat. 21.
48. N.
Cayo de la Siberia, rock, or small isl. near S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 82. 35. W. Lat. 21. 22. N.
Cayo Suzio, small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Yucatan. Lon. 87. 45. W.
Lat. 21. 16. N.
Cayola, r. Mexico, which runs into the Paci
fic ocean, Lat 15. 50. N.
Cayenne, r. of the island of St. Christopher,
which runs into the sea, J SE. Madan's point.
Cayor, X. Africa, and capital of a country of
the same name, bordering on the Atlantic.
Lon. 14. 40. W. Lat. 17. N.
Cayora, t. S. A., in Cordova ; 25 NNE. Cor
dova. Cojros Blancos, islets or rocks, near S. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 77. 40. W. Lat. 19. 59. N.
¦ Cayos de Cavillones, islets or rocks, near S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 79. .15. W. Lat. 21. 2. N.
Cayos de Diego Peres, island, surrounded with
rocks, near S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 82. 15. W.
Lat 21. 24. N.
Cayos dos Indies, cluster of rocky islets, near
S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 83. 45. W. Lat 21
52. N.
Cayos de Polacca, cluster of small islands, in
the bay of Honduras, near the coast of Vera
Paz. Lon. 90. W. Lat. 15. 50. N.
Cayos de Poques, see Anguilla.
Cayos de Ramera, islets or rocks, near S. coast
of Cuba. Lon. 77. 40. W. Lat! 21. N.
Cayos de St. Sebastian, islets or rocks, near
S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 83. 6. W. Lat. 22. 4. N.
Cayos de Sal, islets or rqcks, near N. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 75. 22. W. Lat. 21. 42. N.
Cayos de Zapalilla, cluster of islets and rocks,
in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89. 17. W. Lat
16. 3. N.
Cayres, t. France, in Upper Loire ; 8 SSW.
Le Puy.
Cayro, t. Corsica ; 8 E. Ajaccio.
Cayster, now Minderscare.
Caytaypera, or Flaman, r. Brazil, which runs
into the Atlantic, Lat. 0. 38. S.
Cayte, X. Brazil, in Para, on the Cataypera,
near its mouth ; 105 NE.. Para. Lon. 48. 12 W
Lat. 0. 30. S. ' * .
Caytone, see Callown.
Cayvaram, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 23 NE. Ban
galore. Cayuga, co. New York., E. of Cayuga lake ;

CEB

358

CED

bounded N. by lake Ontario and Oswego co.,
E. by Oswego, Onondaga, and Courtland cos.,
S. by Tompkins co., and W. by Cayuga lake
and Seneca co. Pop. in 1810, 29,843 ; in 1820,
38,897. Chief town, Auburn.
Cayuga, p-v. in Aurelius, N. Y., on E. side of
Cayuga lake ; 178 W. Albany, W. 363. Abridge
is built here across the lake.
Cayuga, lake, N. Y., between Cayuga and
Seneca cos. ; 25 S. lake Ontario. It is 38 miles
long, and from 1 to 4 broad. It discharges its
waters at N. end by Seneca river. Caynga
bridge, across this lake, is \\ mile long. — Ca
yuga, in the Indian language, is said to mean
the tribe of the big pipe.
CayUga Creek, r. N. Y., which unites with
Buffalo creek, in SE. corner of Buffalo. Length
28 miles.
Cayugas, Indians, one of the Six Nations.
They reside in Upper Canada. No. 500.
Cayuquets,. Indians, on NW. coast of N. A.
Cayula, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. ; 10 NW. Spen
cer, W. 363. Pop. 1,889.
Cayula Creek, r. N. Y., which runs S. into
the Susquehanna, near its union with the Ti
oga. ' Length 35 miles.
Cayza, X. Buenos Ayres ; 30 S. Potosi.
Caza-forte, fort, Brazil, in Goyas, on the To-
cantins ; 380 NNE. Villaboa.
Casa de Pedro, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lat. 22. 45. S.
Cazaban, r. Candia, which runs into the sea,
3 E. Candia.
Cazac Lore, see Lore.
Cazal, X. Arabia; 80 NE. Medina.
Cazalla, see Cacalla.
Cazals, X. Franee, in Lot ; 9 SW. Gourdon.
H. 110.
Cazaubon, X. France, in Gers ; 18 W. Con
dom. Pop. 2,266.
Case, t Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 95 SE. Mecca.
Caseca, or Cazegoot, small isl. in the Atlantic,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 11. 10. N.
Cazenovia, p-t. Si cap. Madison co. N. Y. ;
110 WNW. Albany, W. 386. Pop. in 1810,
1,151 ; in 1820, 3,909. Here is a pleasant and
flourishing village, which contains a court
house, a jail, a printing office, a Presbyterian
meeting house, and has considerable trade and
manufactures. Cazeres, X. France, in Upper Garonne ; 6 SW.
Rieux. Pop. 1,773.
Cazeres, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 12
W. Nogaro.
Cazes de Mondenard, X. France, in Lot ; 3 SE.
Xauzerte. Cazma, X. Peru, in Lima, near the coast; 46
SSE. Santa, 105 SSE. Truxillo. Lat. 9. 30. S.
Cazorla, Cagorla, or Caslora, (an. Castulo, or
Castalo,) t. Spain, Andalusia, in Jaen, on the
Guadalquivir; 12 E. Ubeda. Pop. 1,200.
Cazouls, X. France, Herault; 5NW. Beziers.
Cazza, small island in the Adriatic. Lon. 16.
39. E. Lat. 43. 6. N.
Cazzar, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates ;
30 NW. Anbar, 55 W. Bagdad.
Cazzola, small isl. in the Adriatic, near the
coast of Dalmatia. Lon. 16. 44. E. Lat 43.
8. N.
Cea, t. Portugal, in Beira; 2J SSE Viseu.
Fop. 300.

Cea, I. Spain, in Leon ; 23 ESE. Leon.
Ceanmharra, hill, in the island of Tiree, near
W. coast of Scotland, remarkable for a great
number of caves, to which sea fowls, eagles,
and ravens resort ; some of these caves are up
wards of 50 yards deep.
Ceauce, t. France, in Orne ; 6 S. Domfront
H. 240.
Ceaux, X. France, in Vienne ; 6 E. Loudon.
Cebassat, X. France, in Puy-de-DOme ; 3 N.
Clermont. Pop. 1,694.
Cebenna, now Sevennes.
Cebola, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 15 W. To
ledo. Pop. 2,500.
Cebreras, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 20 SSE.
Avila. Cebri, see Cibu
Cecil, co. Md., see Coecil.
Cecil, X. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,154.
Cecina, r. Tuscany, which runs into the Med
iterranean, at Vada.
Cecir de Mer, small island in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Chiampa. Lon. 108. 28. E.
Lat. 11. 12. N.
Cecir de Terra, small isl. in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Chiampa. Lon. 108. 39. E.
Lat. 10. 25. N.
Cecir Bay, bay on S. coast of Chiampa. Lon.
108. 6. E. Lat. 11. 8. N. .
Ceclavin,X. Spain, in Estramadura; 11 Ala-
cantara. Pop. 3,000.
Ceeuba, mt. Naples, in Lavora ; 6 S. Fondi.
Cedar Creek, r. N. J., which runs ' ' the At
lantic, Lon. 74. 18. W. Lat. 39. 56. j.,.
Cedar Creek, i-. Delaware, which runs into
Delaware bay, Lon. 75. 24. W. Lat; 38. 56. N.
• Cedar Creek, hundred, in NE. corner of Sus
sex co. Delaware. Pop. 2,280.
Cedar Creek, rivulet, Rockbridge co. Va.,
which runs into James river. It is remarkable
for its Natural Bridge ; which see.
Cedar Creek, i. S. C., which runs into the
Great Pedee.
Cedar Island, isl. in Pamlico sound, near the
coast of N. C. Lon. 76. 40. W. Lat. 34. 52. N.
Cedar Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75. 40. W. Lat. 37.
39. N.
Cedar Lake, lake, N. A., from 4 to 12 miles
wide ; communisating with the Saskashawine ;
60 E. lake Winnipeg. Lon. 100. 5. W. Lat.
53 8. N.
Cedar Point, cape on the coast of Maryland,
at the mouth of the Patuxent Lon. 76. 30. W.
Lat 38. 20. N.
Cedar Point, s-p. Charles co. Md., on the
Potomac ; 12 SSE. Port Tobacco, 69 SSW.
Baltimore. Cedar River, r. Mississippi, which runs S. into
the gulf of Mexico. It is E. of the Pascagoula,
and unites with it at its mouth.
Cedar River, or Kechikigon, r. North West
Territory, which runs into lake Michigan, Lon.
87. 2. W. Lat. 43. 15. N.
Cedar River, r. Canada, which runs into lake-
Erie, Lon. 82. 25. W. Lat. 42. 24. N.
Cedars, (The,) v. Si fort, Canada, on the river
St. Lawrence ; 30 miles above Montreal. H.
40. It is a place of great resort for travellers
and traders,

CEL

359

CEL

Cedarville, p^-v. Cumberland co. N. J. ; 79
S. Trenton, W. 191.
Cedavim, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 20 NW. Cas
tel Rodrigo.
Cedegolo, t. Italy, in Brescia ; 8 N. Breno.
Cedeyra, X. Spain, in Galicia ; 15 N. Ferrol.
Cedobriga, now Setuval.
Cedogna, (an. Aquilonia,) X. Naples, in Prin
cipato Ultra, at the foot of the Apennines, in a
state of decay ; 12 NW. Melfi. Lon. 15. 24. E.
Lat. 41. 1. N. Pop. 4,493. Bp. see.
Cedron, see Kidron.
Cedros, t. New Mexico, in Mayo ; 60 NE.
Santa Cruz.
Ceester, t. Holstein ; 11 W. Pinnenberg.
Ceesler Muhe,X. Holstein ; 13 W. Pinnenberg.
Cefalonia, see Cephalonia.
Cefalu, (an. Cephaladis,) s-p. Sicily, in the
valley of Demona, on N. coast of the island ;
30 E. Palermo, 75 W. Messina. Lon. 14. 5. E.
Lat. 38. 4. N. Pop. 6,500. H. 1,460. Bp. see.
It is a place of trade, and the fishery is produc
tive, but the harbour will not contain above 30
or 40 vessels.
Ceglia, X. Naples, in Bari ; 5 SSE. Bari.
Ceglia, t. Naples, in Otranto ; 7 S. Ostuni.
Cehegin, t. Spain, Murcia ; 37 W. Murcia.
. Ceilhes, X. France, in Herault ; 35 NW. Mont
pelier. Pop. 917.
Ceira, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 3 SE. Coimbra.
Ceira, r. Portugal, which runs into the Mon
dego, about 3 SE. Coimbra.
Ceizeriat, t. France, in Ain ; 6 ESE. Bourg
en Bresse. Pop. 1,100.
Celame, now Nedroma.
Celano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, near a
lake of the same name ; 15 S. Aquila, 16 W.
Sulmona. Lon. 13. 27. E. Lat. 42. 6. N. Pop.
4,000. This lake, anciently called Fucinus, is
40 miles in circumference, and daily increasing.
— The emperor Claudius to drain this lake em
ployed, according to Seutonius, 30,000 men 11
years, to convey the water into the Liris, now
the Garigliano ; and the emissary, or under
ground canal, constructed for the purpose, yet
remains nearly entire, though filled with earth
and rubbish.
Celano, r. Italy, which runs into the* gulf of
Tarento, Lon. 16. 53. E. Lat 39. 39. N.
Celaya, X. Mexico, in Guanaxuato. Lon. 101.
5. W. Lat. 21. 0. N. It is on a plain, 6,018 feet
high. Celbridge, X. Ireland, in Kildare, on the Lif-
fey; 10 Dublin.
Celebes, isl. in the E. Indian sea, of an irreg
ular shape, about 500 miles long, and about
200 broad ; called by the natives and Malays,
Negree Oran Buggess, and sometimes Torino
Macassar. Sq. m. about 90,000. It is divided
into 6 states or kingdoms, viz. Goa, Bony, Wa-
joo, Sopin, Selindrin, and Mandar. Goa extends
a considerable way along the W. and S., and
contains, besides Macassar, 2 Dutch forts, Bon-
tyn and Bulo Cumbo. The government is mo
narchical, and the king is called Karuang, and
sometimes Rajah Goa. — Bony, or Pony, is E-
of Goa, entirely under the influence of the
Dutch, and is governed by a prince, called Pa-
jong, who is elected for life by 7 Orancayos, or
nobles.— Wajoo, or Warjoo, or Tuadjoo, is sit

uated N. of Bony, and is governed by a prince
elected for life by the Orancayos.— Sopin is sit
uated in the centre of the island, towards the
eastern side, to the E. of Bon.^— Selindrin is of
small consideration, and is NW. of Sopin. —
Mandar lies on W. and NW. coast. The inhabi
tants are Mahometans.
The heat of this island would be excessive
if it were not moderated by the abundant rains.
The trees are always green, fruit and flowers
in all seasons, jasmines, roses, carnations and
other befautiul flowers, grow without culture ;
orange trees and citrons, shade the plains, with
mangoes, bananas, and other fruits ; cotton
trees cover the extensive plains. It produces
no spice except pepper ; the inhabitants raise
a great number of cattle ; the oxen are larger
than those of Europe. In the forests are large
herds of deer, wild hogs, and a great variety
of monkies, large and ferocious ; some with
tails, and some without ; some walking upon
four legs, others upon two. — The principal ar
ticles which the Dutch obtain from this island,
are rice, gold, ivory, deals, and sandal wood ;
cotton , camphor, ginger, long pepper, and pearls.
The Dutch are said to have had 370 towns and
villages under their control. Their principal
settlement is at Macassar. Lon. 118. 40. to
124. 15. E. Lat 2. 0. N. to 5. 40. S.
Celeia, see Cilley.
Celenito, r. Calabria, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, Lon. 16. 56. E. Lat. 39. 39. N.
Celenza, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 12 E.
Civita Borello.
Celenza, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 5 NW.
La Volturara.
Celethrum, now Castoria.
Celette, X, France, Loir-and-Cher ; 4 S. Blois.
Celindro, or Kelendri, or Chelindreh, (an.
Calendris,) small s-p. A. Turkey, in Caramania,
on a bay of the same name ; 25. W. Selefkeh,
54 N. Cerino in Cyprus. Courriers from Con
stantinople embark here for Cyprus. It is a
poor place, but exhibits many ruins.
Cellar Dykes, decayed town of Scotland, in
Fife, on the Frith of Forth, between Crail and
Kilrenny. Cellar Head, cape on E. coast of the island
of Lewis. Lon. 6. 70. W. Lat. 58. 26. N.
Celle, or Marien Celle, X. Lower Stiria, on
the confines of Austria, with a celebrated ab
bey; 12 N. Pruck.
Celle, X. France, in Two-Severs; 10 SE
Niort Pop. 1,052.
Celle sur Thiers, X. France, in Piiy-de-Dome •
6 E. Thiers. '
Cellefrouin, X. France, in Charente ; 9 N. La
Rochefoucault H. 280.
Cellent, X. Spain, Catalonia ; 8 N. Manresa.
- Cellerfeld, see Zellerfeld.
Cellis, X. Neth., Hainaut; 11 NE. Tournav
Pop. 2,000. 3'
Cellino, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra • 7 E
Teramo. , .
Cellino, t Naples, in Otranto ; 10 E. Oria.
Celme, X. Spain, in Galicia, on the Lima • lg
S. Montesura. '
Celnius, now Spey.
Celonza, t. Naples, in Capitanata; 5 NW
Volturara.

CEN

360

CER

Celo, small isl. in the Adriatic, near the
coast of Istria. Lon. 14. 7. E. Lat. 44. 55. N.
Celorico, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 9 NW- Guar
da. Pop. 1,180. It contains 3 churches.
Celsa, t. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 25 SW.
Cangiano. Celsa, or Julia Celsa, now Xelsa.
Celtica, the name of France, before its con
quest by the Romans.
Celtieum, now Cape Finisterre.
Celydnus, now Vojussa.
Cenani, t. on E. coast of Cyprus; 14 NE.
Famagusta. Canapatam, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 28 SW.
Bangalore, 34 NE. Seringapatam.
Cerieenighe, t. Italy, in the Bellunese; 25
WNW. Belluno.
Cenchrea, the E. port of Corinth; now Kenkri.
Ceneda, t. Aust. Italy, in Treviso ; 20 N. Tre-
vigio. Lon. 12. 20. E. Lat. 45. 58. N. Pop.
8,140. Bp. see.
Cenequenga, t. S. America, in St. Martha;
20 E. St. Martha.
Cenia, r. Spain, which runs into the Mediter
ranean, 8 NE. Pensicola. It separates the prov
inces of Catalonia and Valencia in its course.
Cenis, (Mount,) part of the Cottian Alps,
which separates the marquisate of Susa from
Maurienne, between Turin and Chamberry,
equi-distant from both ; 9,956 feet high. Across
this mountain is one of the most important
passes of the Alps, from Savoy to Piedmont
It was formerly difficult, but rendered easy by
Bonaparte. Not far from the top is a hospital,
on a plain, and near it a lake 2 miles in circ.
Cenis, or Mont Cenis, X. France, in Saone-
and-Loire; 10 S. Autun. Pop. 1,070.
Cenizas, small isl. in Pacific ocean, near the
coast of New Albion ; 2 WNW. Point Zuniga.
Ceno, or Zeno, r. Italy, which runs into the
Taro ; 3 SSW. Parma.
Cenomanni, division of Cisalpine Gaul.
Cenomani, now Mans.
Cenotaph Island, isl. in Port Francais. The
island is situated about 3 miles from the en
trance of the port.
Centallo, t. Piedmont ; 4 N. Coni. Pop. 3,601.
In November 1799, the French were defeated
here by the Austrians:
Centellos, X. Spain, in Catalonia ; 10 S. Vique.
Centinel, (Great and Little,) two islands in
the E. Indian sea, the former 18 W. Great An
daman. Lon. 92. 30. E. Lat. 11.35. N. The
latter, 21 NW. Little Andaman. Lon. 92. 27. E.
Lat. 11. N.
Cento, X. States-of-the-Church, in Bologna,
on the Reno, surrounded with an earthern ram
part and a ditch ; 13 NNW. Bologna, 14 SW.
Ferrara. Lon. 11. 17. E. Lat. 44. 43. N. Pop.
4,001. — Native, II Guercino.
Cento Pozzi, t. Naples, Bari ; 3 N. Matera.
Centorbi, (an. Centuripa,) X. Sicily, in the
valley of Demona, at the foot of Mount Etna ;
29 WNW. Catania. Pop. about'3,000. Near it
is found a stone- which dissolves in water like
soap. This was anciently one of the richest
cities in Sicily.
Ceniovalli, X. Switz., Tesin ; 11 WNW. Lo
carno. Centre, co. central part of Pa. ; bounded N.

by Lycoming co., E. by Northumberland co.,
S. by Mifflin and Huntingdon cos., and W. by
Clearfield co. Pop. in 1810, 10,681 ; in 1820
13,796. Chief town, Bellefonte.
Centre, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 972.
Centre, X. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 937.
Centre, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 2,094;
Centre, X. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,801.
Centre, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. ; 69 Raleiuh
W. 327. S '
Centre, t. Monroe co. Ohio. Pop. 1,292.
Centre, X. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 277.
Centre, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,487.
Centre-Furnace, p-v. Centre co. Pa. ; W. 179.
Centre-Harbour, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on
N. side lake Winnipiseogee; 50 N. Concord,
W. 552. Pop. 486.
Centre Square, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y. :
92 Albany.
Centreville., p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. ; 20 NW.
Angelica, '30 SW. Moscow, W. 348. Pop. 422.
Centreville, p-v. Ulster co.JV. Y., W. 290.
Centreville, p-v. Crawford co. Pa., W. 322.
Centreville, p-t. and cap. Queen Anne cb.
Md. ; 15 S. Chester, 21 N. Easton, W. 71. It
is pleasantly situated in a fertile tract of coun
try, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Meth
odist meeting-house, an academy with an an
nual donation from the state of 800 dollars, ancT
about 50 houses, and is a place of some trade.
Centreville, p-v. Fairfax co. Va. ; 23 W. by
S. Washington.
Centreville, p-v. Pendleton S. C ; W. 561.
Centreville, p-v. Wilkes co. Georgia, 89 Mil-
ledgeville, W. 656.
Centreville, or Falls of Cahawba, p-t. Si cap.
Bibb co. Alabama, 112 Cahawba, W. 837.
Centreville, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio; 9 SE.
Dayton, W. 486.
Centreville, v. Fairfield co. Ohio ; 14 SE. Co
lumbus. Centreville, p-v. Columbia co. Ohio, 150 Co
lumbus, W. 300:
Centreville, p-t. Wayne co. Indiana ; 35 N.
Brookville, 70 Indianopolis, W. 593.
Centreville, p-v. Bourbon co. Ken. ; 25 Frank
fort, W. 641.
Centrdn, v. Savoy, formerly the capital town
of a people called Centrones ; 3 ENE. Monstier.
Centum Cella, now Civita Vecchia.
Centuri, s-p. Corsica ; 17 N. Bastia. Lon. 9.
31. E. Lat. 42. 53. N.
Centuroja, t. Walachia, on the Oltez ; 20 NE.
Krajova. Ceos, now Zia.
Cepha, now Hesn Keifa.
Cephalonia, br Cefalonia, (an. Samos, and
Epirus Melauna,) considerable island in the
Mediterranean, one of the seven Ionian islands,
the first in size and the second in rank, near
the coast of Livadia to the NE., and near the
coast of Morea to the SE., opposite to the gulf of
Lepanto ; about 40 miles in length, and from
10 to 20 in breadth. Lon. 20. 40. to 21. 18. E.
Lat. 38. to 38. 28. N. Pop. 60,000, nlostly Greeks.
Sq. m. 340. Argostoti is the chief town. The
soil is very fertile. The principal productions
are raisins, currants, oil, wine, citrons, melons;
pomegranates, and cotton. — The air is very
warm, the trees are covered with flowers all

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the winter, and bear ripe fruit twice a year, in
April and November ; but those which grow in
the latter month are smaller than the others.
Corn is sown in the winter, and reaped in June.
Cephalcsdis, now Cefalu.
Cephalonia, t. in the island so called. Lon.
20. 59. E. Lat. 38. 20. N. Bp. see. It was much
damaged by an earthquake, in 1766.
Cephareus Promonlorium, see Cape d'Oro.
Cephissus, see Athens.
Cepi, X. W. coast of Natolia ; 2 NW. Milets.
Cepio,, t. Istria ; 4 S. Pedena.
Cepida, t. La Paz, on W. coast of lake Titi-
caca ; 60 NW. La Paz.
' Cepino, X. Italy, Valtelin ; 35 SW. Bormia.
Cera, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 24 miles
in circumference. W. of Timorlaut Lon. 131.
45. E. Lat. 7. 20. N.
Ceraligui, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 15 SSW.
Calberga. Ceram, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 170
miles long, and 60 broad. Sq. nr. about 4,000.
Lon. 128. to 131. E. Lat. 2. 48. to 3. 33. S. It is
supposed to contain 30,000 fighting men ; but
the internal parts are little known. Along the
coasts, the Dutch have had influence and power
enough to destroy the clove trees, which would
else yield a quantity sufficient to lower the
price. A chain of high mountains runs from
E. to W. The highest appears from the sea
about 7,000 feet in elevation.
Ceramlaut, isl. of the E. Indian sea, near the
island of Ceram, about 5 miles long, and hard
ly 3 wide ; mountainous and uninhabited. It
has a bay on the north coast. Lon. 131. 20. E.
Lat. 3. 30. S.
Ceramus, now Keramo.
Cerasus, now Keresoum.
Cerati, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 6 N. Lecce.
Ceratus, now Cartero.
Cerbalos, t. Spain, Leon ; 22 NNW. Palencia.
Cerbica, now Sbekkah.
Cerboli, small isl. or rather rock, in the Med
iterranean, near the coast of Tuscany, a little
to the N. of Elba. Lon. 9. 35. E. Lat 42. 51. N.
Cereal, X. Hind., Canara ; 24 N. Mangalore.
Cercenasco, t. Piedmont; 2 N. Saluzzo, 21
SSW. Turin.
Cercharo, X. Naples, Calabria Citra ; 6 NNE .
Cassano. Cerchiari, v. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, 9 ENE. Cassano.
Cercina. now Querkeiness.
Cercoil, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 18 NW. Dalma-
chery. Ceircy la Tour, X. France, in Nyevre ; 8 ENE.
Decise. Cerdagne, (La,) countiy on the Pyrenees, sit
uated partly in Spain, in Catatonia ; and partly
in France, in what was formerly called Rousil-
lon ; Puycerda is the capital of the former, as
Mont Louis was of the latter.
Cerdon, X. France', in Ain ; 12 SE. Bourg en
Bresse. H. 220.
Cereo, t Italy, in Milan ; 4 W. Legnano.
Ceremuage, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 10 S.
Datnicotta. Cerenees, or Cerance, X. France, in Channel ;
7 S. Coutances. Pop. 2,207.
Cerens, x. France, in Sarte ; 10 S. Le Mans.
Vol. I. 46

Cerenza, or Gerenza, X. Naples, on a rock, in
Calabria Citra; 30 E. Cosenza, 30 S. Rossano.
Lon. 17. 4. E. Lat. 39. 20. N. Bp. see.
Ceres, X. M'Kean co. Pa. Pop. 425.
Ceres, t. Piedmont, in Turin. Pop. 4,742.
Ceresius, see Lugano.
Ceresola, X. Piedmont ; 15 S. Aosta.
Ceresola, X. Italy ; 13 NW. Mantua.
Cerestown, Jp-t. M'Kean co. Pa. ; 203 NW.
Harrisburg, W. 342.
Ceresuola, t. Italy ; 12 NNW. Bergamo.
Ceret, X. France, in E. Pyrenees, and princi
pal place of a district ; 15 SW. Perpignan. Lon.
2. 50. E. Lat. 42. 28. N. Pop. 2,386. It is sit
uated on the river Tech, over which is a bridge
of one arch, supposed to be the highest and
boldest in France. — It was here that the com
missioners of France and Spain met in the.
year 1660, to settle the bounds of the two king
doms. — A battle was fought near this town be
tween the French and Spaniards on the 1st of
May 1794, in which the latter were defeated,
with the loss of 200 pieces of cannon, and 2000
prisoners. Cerezo, X. Spain, Old Castile ; 20 E. Burgos.
Ceri, X. Popedom, in the Patrimonio ; 13 W.
Rome, 13 E. Civita Vecchia,
Cerigat, X. Hind., Calicut ; 18 W. Palicaud-
chery. Cerigliano, or Cigliano, X. Naples, in Basili
cata ; 10 S. Tricarico.
Cerignano, X. Italy, in Rovigo ; 6 ESE. Ro
vigo. Cerigneo, t. Italy, in Friuli ; 8 N. Udina.
Cerignola, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 20 S.
Manfredonia, 55 E. Benevento. Lon. 15. 56. E.
Lat. 41. 13. N. Pop. 6,900. It is remarkable for
a victory obtained here in the year 1503, by
Gonsalvo, generally called the Great Captain,
over the Duke of Nemours, who was slain iu
the commencement of the battle.
Cerigo, (an. Cythera,) isl. in the Mediterra
nean, separated from the Morea by a narrow
strait, and belonging to the Ionian republic of
the Seven islands. Lon. 23. 0. E. Lat 36. 2S.
N. Pop. 8, or 10,000. Sq. m. 95. It is diy and
mountainous, and produces neither corn, wine,
nor oil, sufficient for the inhabitants ; yet some
of the valleys are fertile ; sheep, hares, quails,
turtles, and falcons, are abundant. — It was an
ciently sacred to Venus.
Cerigo, or Kupsuli, (an. Cythera,) X. on W.
coast of the island of Cerigo, defended by a
castle, situated on a sharp rock, surrounded by
the sea, with a small harbour. Lon. 22. 54. E.
Lat. 36. 28. N. Pop. 1,200. Greek bp. see.
Cerigotto, (an. ASgilia,) small isl. in the Med
iterranean, between Cerigo and Candia, about
5 miles in circ. Lon. 23. 22. E. Lat. 35. 54. N
Pop. 100 Greeks.
Cerilly, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Allier ; 7 W. Moulins, US. Bourses
Pop. 2,336. 6
Cerino, or Cerines, (an. Cerynia,) s-p. Cyprus
on N. coast, governed by an aga and a cadi;
16 NW. Nicosia. Lon. 35. 35. E. Lat. 35 30
N. Pop. 200. The country round is esteemed
the most fertile in the island, and well watered
The principal productions are barley, silk, cot
ton, oil, and carob heanu.—The ruins of edifices

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and . the remains of walls, which are pf very
remote antiquity, are still to be seen in the
neighbourhood. — The citadel of'Cerines is built
on an immense rock, near the sea shore. The
coast of Caramania may be seen here from the
sea shore.
Cerino, X. Italy ; 13 NE. Bergamo.
Cerisano,X. Nap., Calabria Citra; 4 W. Cosenza.
Cerisay, X. France, in Two-Sevres ; 6 SSE.
Chatillon sur Seine. Pop. 928.
Cerisiers, X. France, in Yonne ; 16 NNW. St.
Florentin. Pop. 1,220.
Cerisola, v. Piedmont; 5 E. Carmagnola. In
1544, a battle was fought here between the
French under the command of the Duke of
Vendome, and the Imperialists under the Mar
quis of Guasta, when the latter were defeated,
with the loss of 2,000 men, and the baggage
and artillery.
Cerisy, X. France, in Channel ; 7 NE. St. Lo.
Pop. 2,102.
Cerisy la Salle, X. France, in Channel ; 6 E.
Coutances. Pop. 2,357.
Cerlier, see Erlach.
Cerna, r. Piedmont, which runs into the Se
sia, 5 NW. Vercelli.
Cerna, mt. See Jibbel Iskell.
Cernache, t. Portugal, Beira ; 4 S. Coimbra.
Cernay, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 15 NE.
Befort. Fop. 1,088.
Cernay-en-Dormois, t. France, in Marne ; 10
S. St. Menehold.
Cerne, or Cerne Abbas, or Cerne Abbey, X.
Eng., in Dorset, so called from an abbey, of
which only the porter's lodge remains; 8 N.
Dorchester, 121 W. London. Pop. 795. This
town has long been celebrated for its strong
beer. It has a market on Wednesday.
Cerne, see Arguin, and Fedala.
Cernitz, X. Switz., in the Lower Engadina,
with a mineral spring ; 24 SE. Coire.
Cerno do Frio, or Cold Mountains, district, in
Brazil, in Minas Geraes, between Lat 18. and
19. S., consisting of ragged mountains, and
chiefly remarkable for diamond mines.
Cernobio, (an. Canobium,) X. Italy, in Milan,
on lake Como at the influx of Breggia, and not
far from. the town of Como.
Cemon,X. France, in Marne; 8 S_. Chalons
sur Marne.
Cernu, X. Morocco ; 7 Sasia.
Cemy, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise; 7 E.
Estampes. Cero, X. Italy, Verona ; 6 NNE. Verona.
Ceroewa, small island in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 130. 16. E. Lat. 6. 12. S.
Ceron, one of the Calamianes islands. Lon.
120. 21. E. Lat. 12. N.
Ceroneso, t Candia, on N. coast; 20 E. Candia.
Cerou, r. France, which runs into the Aveiron.
Cerreto, t. Popedom, Umbria ; 10E. Spoleto.
Cerrito, or .Cerreto, t. Naples, in Lavora ; with
a cathedral, a collegiate church, and 3 con
vents ; 5 NNE. Telesa, 18 NNW. Benevento.
Pop. 4,598,
Cerro de Nevada, X. Chili; 90 E. Conception.
Lon. 71. 30. W. Lat 36. 54. S.
Cerros, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean, situated
in an extensive bay, on the coast of California,
about 60 miles in circ. The southern part of

the island, which is the highest,, is occupied by
fhe'base 6f a very remarkable andlofty peaked
mountain. The peaked mountain is situated
Lon. 244. 58. E. Lat. 28. 8. N.
Certaldo, or Castro Callaldo, t Tuscany, in
the territory of Sienna. The poet Boccaccio
was born here in 1313.
Certosa, t. Italy ; 5 N. Pavia.
Cervaro, t. Naples, in Principato Citra; 9
ENE. Policastro.
Cervaro, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, Lon. 16. E. Lat. 41. 36, N.
Cervera, r. Spain, which runs into the Segre
a little above Lerida, in Catalonia.
Cervera, t. Spain, and capital of a vjgneryi
to which it gives name, in Catalonia ; 30 N.
Tarragona, 45 NW. Barcelona. Lon. 1. 5. E.
Lat. 41. 36. N. Pop. 5,000. It is enclosed with
walls, and -has a citadel, a church, 5 convents,
and a university founded in 1717, having 43
professors and 800 students.
Cervera, X. Spain, in Catalonia, situated on
the coast of the Mediterranean, between Ro
sas and Collioure ; 10 N. Rosas.
Cervera, t. Spain, New Castile; 18 Cuenca.
Cervera, X. Spain, in Leon ; 15 ENE. 'Lean.
Cenera, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 15 SSE.
Calahorra. Cenetori, (an. Csere,) t. Popedom, in the Pa-
trimonio ; 5 S. Bracciano.
Ceni, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of the Morea, on ,E. side of the -en
trance into the gulf of Kolokitia; 6 N. Cerigo.
Lon. 22. 55. E. Lat. 36. 28. N.
Cervia, X. States-of-the«Church, in Ravenna,
12 SSE. Ravenna. 15 NW. Rimini. Lon. 12.
19. E. Lat. 44. 16. N. Pop. 4,041. Bp. see. It
is near the Adriatic sea, from whence canals
are cut to admit of sea water, whichis here evap
orated, and great quantities of salt made.
Cenieres, t. France, Loire ; 1 8SW.Roanne.
Pop. 400.
Cervignano, X. Italy, in Friuli; 5 S. Palma
Nuova. Pop. 1,423.
Ceninara, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra } 12
SW. Benevento. Pop. 5,153.
Cervione, X. Corsica ; 20 E. Corte. Pop. 1,008.
Cervon, t. France, Nyevre ; 3 E. Corbigny..
Cerynia, see Cerimes.
Cesano, t. Italy ; 5 W. Milan.
Cesano., r. Italy, which runs into the Adriatic ;
6 NW. Senigaglia. ,
Cesoro, r. New Granada, which after a course -
of upwards 200 miles, falls into the Magdakjna,
Lat. 8. 46. N.
Cesarea, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 40 SE.
Yurcup. Cesarea Creek, see Cohanzy Creek.
Cesembre, small island, in the English chan
nel, near the coast of France. Lon. 1. 59. W.
Lat. 48. 41. N.
Cesena, t. States-of-fhe-.Church, Ravenna ; 18
S. Ravenna, 25 NNW. Urbino. Lon. 12. 13. E.
Lat. 44. 9. N. Pop. 8,089. Bp. see. R contains
21 convents and a theological college.
Cesenatico, s-p. States-of-the-Church, Raven
na, in the Adriatic ; 8 NE. Cesena, 15 SE. Ra
venna. Lon.l2.21.E. Lat. 44. 12. N. Pop.3,604.
Cesge, t. Africa, in the countiy of Ambozes,
at the mouth of the Rio del Rey.

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363

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CeAi t. Popedom, in Spoleto, on the edge of
b lofty mountain, or rock, exposed to the sun
from its rising. to its setting ; 6 N. Narni, 10 S.
Spoleto. Cesles, tt Hungary ; 15^NNE. Stuhl-Weissen-
ftttrg: Cesono, t. Italy; 13 N. Brescia.
Cessares, territory, in N. part of Patagonia.
Lat. 48. S.
Cessenon, t. France, Herault ; 9 N. Beziers.
H. 400.
Cessieux, X. France, Iisere; 27 ESE. Lyons.
Cestayrols; t! France; in Tarn ; 9 N. Alby.
Pop. 1,034.
Cestos, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat 6. 40. N.
Cestos; (Little,) r. Africa, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lat. 5. 22. N. "
Cestrus, r. Natolia, which runs SWc. into the
Mediterranean, at Satalia.
Cesy, X. Palestine ; 6 S. Saphet
Ceti, X. Arabia, in Oman, near the Arabian
gulf; 12 ESE. Mascat.
Cetina, (an. Tilurus, or Titurus,) r. Dalmatia,
which rises about 8 SB; Knih, and runs into
the Adriatic, at Almissa.
Cetina, t. Turkish Dalmatia, on a river of the
same name ; 30 NE. Spalatro.
Ceton, X. France", in Orne ; 10 SE. Bellesme.
Pop. 2,669.
Ceton, X. France', in Orne, on the Hoigne ; 30
ESE. Alencotf. Pop. 2,670.
Cetrairo, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra, near the
coast; 21 NNW, Cosenza. Lon. 16. 10. E.
Eat. 39. 33. N. Pop. 4,582.
Cette, s-p. France, on the coast of the Medi
terranean, in Herault ; 10 NE. Agde, 14 SW.
Montpellier. Lon. 3. 47. E. Lat. 43. 24. N.
Pop. 6,984. H. 900. It is well built, has a se
cure and commodious harbour, protected by
forts, and provided with a light-house. It has
considerable trade, and is the port of Montpel
lier. The canal of Languedoc begins at" this
place. Ce»o, t. Piedmont, in Mondovi, on the Ta-
naro; 40 W. Genoa, 48 SSE. Turin. Lon.
8. 15. E. Lat 44. 23. N. Pop. 5,473. It is sur
rounded on all sides with hills. It was ancient
ly celebrated for its cheese, made of ewes-milk.
This cheese, called by the Italians rubiola, is
much esteemed even now. It has one collegi
ate church, and 3 convents.
Cevennes, see Sevennes.
Ceverta, X. Naples, Calabria Ultra; 10 NNE.
Bova. Cetiio, t. Switz., in Tesin ; 10 N. Locarno.
Cevolla, t. Spain, in New-Castile; 25 NW.
Toledo. Cevora, r. which rises near Aronches, in Por
tugal, and runs into the Guadiana near Bada-
joz, in Spain.
Ceuta, s-p. Africa, on S. coast of the Medi
terranean, in Fez, belonging to Spain, with a
good harbour for small vessels ; the see of a
bishop, suffragan of Lisbon. Lon. 5. 11. W.
Lat. 35. 48. N. Pop. 7,449. It contains a cathe
dral, 8 churches, 5 convents, and 3 hospitals.
In 1665, a battle was fought near this town be
tween the Moors and the Spaniards, in which
the former were defeated with great Joss. Jt

withstood a Vigorotfs' siege against the Moors in
1697. It is situated in the narrowest part of
the Mediterranean, not above 15 miles from
Gibraltar. Ceylon, isl. in the Indian sea, situated to the
SE. of the peninsula of India, from which it is
separated by a' narrow sea, about 60 miles wide ;
of an oval form, 240 miles from N. to S. and
where widest 135 from E: to W. Lon. 79. 50.
to 82: 10. E. Lat: 6. 50. to 9. 51. N. This isl
and was called by the ancients Taprobana, Sa
fe, and SieUdeba; and is called by the natives
Cingala, who are thence denominated Cingalese ;
the Arabians call it Serendib. It is exceedingly
fertile, producing several kinds of rice, and all
the fruits of the Indies ; but the most valuable
production is cinnamon ; 340,000 lbs. of which
are sent annually to England. The cinnamon
of this island is esteemed the best in the world.
Other productions are ginger, pepper, carda
moms, sugar, cotton, mangoes, long pepper, Sic.
Among the trees is one called the talipot, the
trunk of which resembles a large mast crowned
with long leaves at the top, one of which is
said to be of sufficient magnitude to cover 15
persons. — Among the animals maybe reckoned
buffaloes, hogs, goats, deer, bears, tigers, mon
keys, jackals, and elephants ; which last are
numerous; and are considered superior to those
of any other part of the world, in beauty and
sagacity. — Among the birds are peacocks, par
rots, a black bird, called carlos, as large as a
swan, which never lights on the ground, but
always sits on trees, with short legs; large head;
and long bill ; partridges, woodcocks, snipes,
sparrows, Sic Many serpents are found here',
some of which are said to be of an uncommon
size. Here are mines of gold, silver, and other
metals, but only those of iron are permitted to
be wrought. Precious stones are fcrand of sev
eral sorts, as sapphires, topazes, hyacinths, tur
quoises, and the finest rabies in the world.
Here are also valuable pearl fisheries.
The climate of Ceylon is much more tempe
rate than that of India. In a great part of the
island, the ah- is salubrious and delightful. The
medium heat of the thermometer, according to
Mr. Cordiner, is about 81 degrees, and nearly
the same throughout the year.
Candi, a country in the interior, is very
mountainous. Its chief town is of the same
name. — The other principal towns in the island
are Columbo, Point de Galle, and Trinkamaly.
Ceylon was visited by the Portuguese,
in 1505, who maintained possession 153
years, but were expelled by the Dutch. The
Dutch settlements were captured by the British,
in 1796, and the island ceded to them, in 1801,
by the peace of Amiens ; and it now forms one
of the British governments of India. The Cin
galese are mostly pagans, the worshippers of
Boodh, and are divided into castes. They are
said to consist of 3 distinct races ; the Veddahs
or Beddahs, the native Cingalese, and the- off
spring of foreigners, by alliances with the na
tives. The Cingalese have a language, and use
characters peculiar to themselves. Mr. Cordi
ner estimates the whole population at 1,500,000.
This estimate, however, rests on no certain
data. The number of native Christians has

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364

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been stated at 200,000, of whom 50,000 are
Catholics. Some estimate the number much
higher. — In 1816, a mission was established in
tne district of Jaffna, in the northern part of
Ceylon by the American Board. The 2 prin
cipal stations are at Tillipally and Batta Cotta.
In 1820, the mission consisted of 6 ordained
missionaries, a physician, and a printer ; with
15 schools and about 700 children ; besides a
boarding school, containing 48 males, and 9
females. Ceyras, t France, in Herault; 7 E. Lodeve.
Ceyslreat, X. France, in Ain ; 4 ESE. Bourg
en Bresse.
Ceyserieu, X. France, in Ain ; 5 N. Belley.
Ceyssac, X. France, Gironde ; 10 SE. Blaye.
Cezan, X. France, in Gers ; 10 N. Auch. Pop.
471. Ceze, r. France, which runs into the Rhone,
2 W. Caderousse. .
Cezimbra, small s-p. Portugal, on the Atlan
tic ; 10 W. Setuval. Pop. 1,800.
Cezy, X. France, in Yonne ; 3 NW. Joigny.
H. 180.
Cha, X. China, of the third rank, in Fo-kien ;
25 SSW. Yen-ping.
Chaala, now Khaulan.
Cha-tcheou, X. Asia, in Thibet ; 160 SSE. Ha
mi. Lon. 96. 17. E. Lat. 40. 22. N.
Chaalons, see Chdlons.
Chabanois, X. France, in Charente ; 9 S. Con
folent, Pop. 1,144.
Chabaquiddick, isl. Mass., near the E. end of
Martha's Vineyard.
Chabeuil, X. France, in Drome ; 6 SE. Va
lence. Pop. 4,040.
Chains, X. Persia, in Kerman, at the edge of
a desert, on the confines of Segestan ; 115 NE.
Sirgian. Chablais, (Duchy of,) pr. Savoy, which
stretches along the southern bank of the lake
of Geneva, as far as the Valais, which bounds
it E. ; on the S. it is bounded by Faucigny, and
W. by Geneva. The country is mountainous and
populous. Chief town, Thonon. Pop. 36,568.
Sq. m. 364.
Chablis, X. France, in Yonne, celebrated for
its white wine ; 9 E. Auxerre. Pop. 2,223.
Chablotoka, r. Bohemia, which runs into the
Elbe, near Melnick.
Chabno, X. Volhynia ; 68 NE. Zytomiers. ,
Chabons, X. France, in Isere ; 30 SE. Lyons.
Chaboras, now Kliabur.
Chabottes, X. France, Higher Alps ; 7 N. Gap.
Chabra Islands, two small rocky islands in a
large bay, on S. coast of the island of Candia,
called by the Greeks, Paximades. Lon. 24. 58.
E. Lat. 34. 50. N.
Chabria, X. Persia ; 60 NE. Asterabat.
Chabrilland, X. France, Drome ; 3 W. Crest.
Chabris, X. France, in Indre ; 22 NNW. Is-
soudun. Chacabuco, X. Chili ; 65 E. Valparaiso.
Chaca-hamar, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 92.
37. E. Lat. 44. 50. N.
Chaca-tergaso, t Thibet ; 42 NNE. Tchon-
tori. Chacanga, see Chicanga.
Chacanza, or Salada, r. Peru, which runs into
the Pacific ocean, Lat. 2.1. 30. S,

Chacao, t. S. A., in the isl. of Chiloe, where
the governor formerly resided. Lon. 74. 16. W.
Lat. 42. 20. S.
Chacao, X. on W. coast of Madagascar. Lat.
18. 10. S.
Chdcao, small isl. in the Indian sea, near W.
coast of Madagascar. Lat. 17. 45. S.
Chad, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire; 3 S.
Saumur. r
Chacewater, X. Eng., in Cornwall, near which
are several rich copper mines, which, within
the circle of 2 miles, are said to produce to the
value of £15,000 every month ; 5 W. Truro,
262 W. London.
Chdcapoyas, district, S. A., in Peru, lying E.
of the Andes, with a town of the same name.
There are 2 or 3 others. Pop. 10,000.
Ghacapoyas, or St. Juan de la Frontera, X. Pe
ru, and capital of a jurisdiction in the diocess
of Truxillo ; 150 NE. Truxillo. Lon. 77. 28. W.
Lat. 6. 12. S.
Chachilla, X. S. A., in Cordova; 40 NNW. St.
Jago del Estero. ,
Chacki, or Fort Hastings, small fortified t.
Hind., in Bahar ; 20 S. Ghidore, 64 NW. Na-
gore. Lon. 86. 30. E. Lat. 24. 33. N.
Chaco, (Le,) pr. S. America, in Buenos Ayres,
bounded N. by Chiquitos, E. by Paraguay, S.
by the plains of Manos, and W. by Tucuman
and Tarija. It is about 700 miles long, and 400
broad. It is represented as fertile, and is wa
tered by the Pilcomayo. It is chieffy inhabited
by various tribes of uncivilized Indians. Pop.
estimated at 100,000.
Chacktoole Bay, bay on W. coast of N. A. It
is a veiy open road, and not a safe station.
It lies S. of Norton sound, between Cape Den
bigh and Besborough island.
Chactaws, see Choclaws.
Chacultury, X. Bengal ; 25 SW. Rogonatpour.
Chadaghi, t. Persia, Farsistan ; 50 W. Shiras.
Chadara, (an. Zucchabba,) X. Algiers, on the
Shershell ; 54 SW. Algiers.
Chadderton, t. Lancashire, Eng., 5 miles from
Manchester. Pop. 4,133.
Chadenar, X. France, in Lower Charente ; 4
Pons. H. 230.
Chader, isl. Arabian Irak, formed by a river,
running from the Euphrates to the Persian gulf,
which extends from Bassorah'nearly to El Ca
tif, 245 miles long, and 30 wide.
Chdfdlaya, W. branch of the mouth of the
Mississippi, which runs into St. Bernard's bay.
Chafer, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 50 S. Shiras.
Chagding, or Chagong, X. Birmah, on W. bank
of the Irrawaddy, opposite to Ava, partly at the
foot, and partly on the side of a hill, sometimes
the residence of the king. Lon. 96. 0. E. Lat.
21. 56. N. It stands very high, being built on
the slope of several hills, the tops of which are
covered with numerous temples, most of them
ornamented with spires and gilded roofs,
forming one of the handsomest landscapes in
the world. The houses are of timber, with
tiled roofs. The town derives great riches
from its quarries of beautiful white marble, and
the manufacture of idols. These are chiefly
statues of Boodh or Gaudama, the deity of the
country, sitting cross-legged, on a pedestal. It
is likewise a mart for cotton exported to China.-

CHA

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Chagdnta, t. S. A., in La Paz ; 25 S. Oruro.
Chagford, see Chegford.
Chagnon, t. France, in Rhone ; 18 S. Lyons.
Chagny, X. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ; 10
NNW. Chalons-sur-Saone. Pop. 2,214.
Chugre, r. S. A., in the isthmus of Darien,
which runs into the sea, 30 WSW. Porto Bello.
Lon. 80. 16. W. Lat. 9. 17. N. The greater
part of the commerce between Porto Bello and
Panama is conducted by this river.
Chagrin, X. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 733.
Cliagrin River, r. Ohio, which runs into lake
Erie, in NE. part of Cuyahoga co.
Chagrin Rirer, p-v. Cuyahoga co.Ohio ; W. 407.
Chahaigne, X. France, in Sarte ; 5 NE. Cha
teau du Loir. H. 320.
Chahar, X. Cyprus ; 32 ENE. Nicosia.
Cha-ho, X. China, Pe-tche-li ; 7 S. Chun-te.
Cha-ho-tchon, X. Chinese Tartary; 30 SW.
Ning-yuen. Cliaia, r. Siberia, which runs into the Oby,
20 NE. Obdorskoi.
Chaibar, or Kaibar, strong town, Arabia ; 152
NE. Medina.
Chailard, (Le,) t. France, in Ardeche ; 13
NW. Privas. Pop. 1,725.
Chaillac, t. France, in Indre ; 12 SSW. Ar
genton. Chailland, X. France, in Mayenne ; 10 N. La
val. Pop. 2,093.
Chaillesles Marais, X. France, in Vendee ; 9
WSW. Fontenay le Comte. Pop. 1,702.
Chaille sous les Ormeaux, X. France, in Sarte ;
10 E. Sable.
Chaillevette, X. France, in Lower Charente ; 5
S. Marennes. Pop. 2,675.
Chaillotte, v. France, in Seine ; 1J W. Paris.
H. 220. It is remarkable for glass and crystal
works. Chailloue, X. France, in Orne ; 3 N. Sees.
Pop. 1,100.
Chain Island, in the S. Pacific ocean ; about
15 miles long, and 5 broad. Lon. 145. 50. W.
Lat. 17. 23. S.
Chain-Shot Island, small isl. in Pamlico sound,
near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76. 35. W. Lat.
34. 55. N.
Chaingy, X. France, in Loiret ; 5 W. Orleans.
H. 340.
Chaise, (IA,) X. France, in North Coasts ; 5
SE. Loudeac
CAoise Dieu, (La,) X. France, in Upper-
Loire ; 13 Brioude, 18 NNW. Le Puy. Pop.
1,322. Chaise le Vicomte, (La,) X. France, in Ven
dee ; 5 E. La Roche sur Yonne. Pop. 800.
Chaivin, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean. Lat. 40. S.
Chajuk, X. Charasm, on the frontiers of Grand
Bukharia. Chaken Khan, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ;
20 NNE. Tarsus.
Chakeni-kouzey, X. Candahar ; 120 ENE. Can
dahar. Chala, small s-p. Peru, on the Pacific ocean,
near the river Arequipa.
Chalaa, X. Algiers; 50 SW. Tremecen.
Chalabre, X. France, in Aude ; 10 SW. Limoux.
Pop. 2*006.
Chalain, or Lo Potherie, X. France, in Mayne-
and-Loire ; 21 NW. Angers.

Chalais, X. France, in Charente ; 5 W. Attbe-
terre. Pop. 456.
Chalamont, X. France, in Ain ; 12 S. Bourg-
en-Bresse, 12 NNE. Montluel. Pop. 1,280.
Chalan, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 40 NW. Shiras.
Chalangon, t France, Ardeche; 9 N. Privas.
Chalaoar, see Jalour.
Chalaronne, r. France, which runs into the
Sa6ne,near Toissey.
Chalau, or Kalau, X. Pru. Lusatia; 46 SW.
Frankfort on the Oder. Pop. 1,339.
Chaloutre, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 7
E. Provins.
Chalawaz, or Jlialawar, district, Hind., in
Guzerat, between the gulfs of Cambay and
Cutch ; 90 miles long, and 40 broad.
Chalcedon, now Kadi-keni.
Chalcia, now Karki.
Chalris, now Negropont and Old Aleppo.
Chalco, lake, Mexico ; S. of lake Tezcuco.
Chalco, X. Mexico, near a lake, to which it
gives name ; 20 SE. Mexico.
Chalawara, circar, Hind., in Guzerat, bound
ed N. by Chuwal, E. by Goelwara, S. by Cott-
wara, and W. by Jutwar and Hilliar; about 90
miles in length from E. to W., and from 35 to
45 broad.
Chalcounda, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 12 NE
Gurramconda. Chalcuitos, (Los,) X. Mexico, in Zacatecas.
Chaldau, the SE. part of ancient Babylonia,
and often used for the whole.
Chaldesaygues, X. France, in Cantal ; 12 S. St.
Flour. Chalency, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 13
SSW. Langres.
Chalette, t. France, in Aube ; 12 SE. Arcis
sur Aube.
Chaleur Bay, large bay of the Atlantic, in the
gulf of St. Lawrence, between the province of
New Brunswick and S. part of Lower Canada.
Lon. 65. W. Lat. 48. N.
Chalgrove Field, spot of ground, near Thame,
in Oxfordshire ; where, in 1643, was a skirmish
between the royalists under prince Rupert, and
the parliament soldiers under John Hampden.
The latter were defeated, and their leader mor
tally wounded.
Chaligny, X. France, Meurte ; 5 SW. Nancy.
Chaligrave, v. Si parish, Eng., in Bedford
shire ; 3 Dunstable. Pop. 633.
Chalim, X. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montes ; 20 S.
Braganca. Chalim-pou, t. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 121. E.
Lat. 41. 12. N.
Clialin, r. Russia, which runs into the Kars-
koi sea, Lon. 71. 14. E. Lat. 73. 5. N.
Chalinarques, X. France, in Cantal ; 12 N. St.
Flour. Chalindrey, t. France, in Upper Marne ; 5
SE. Langres.
Chaliol le Vieux, summit of the Cottian Alps,
France, in Higher Alps ; 10,224 feet above the
sea. Chalk Level, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va. ; W. 256.
Chalke, or Karki, one of the Prince's islands
in the sea of Marmora. Lon. 28. 55. E Lat
40. 52. N.
Chalkore, t. Bengal ; 18 S. Boglipour. Lon
87. 4. E. Lat. 24.58. N.

CBA

366

CHA

ChalUtmeotaUy, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 22 E.
Chinna Balabaram.
Challans, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Vendee ; 21 N. Sables cVOlonne, 48
NW. Fontenay le Comte. Pop. 2,429.
Challant t. Piedmont; 11 ESE. Aosta.
Challin, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 15
W. Angers. H. §30.
Challock, v. Eng., in Kent ; 10 Canterbury.
Pop. 306.
Cliallonois, before the revolution, a small
country of France, in the environs of Chalons
sur Saflne.
Chalo, r. Asia, which rises near Lassa, passes
through the province of Yunnan in China, the
country of Laos and Tonquin, and empties it
self into the gulf of Coshin-Ghina in the eastern
sea, opposite the island of Hainan.
Chalonne, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire,
situated near coal mines ; 12 SW. Angers. Pop.
4,922. Chalonne, isl. in- the Loire, a little below the
town of the same name, about three miles in
length, with a village.
Chatons sur Marne, or Chaalons, (an. Cato-
launum.) city, France, capital of Marne ; 20J
posts NNW. Langres, 20J E. Paris. Lon. 4. 22.
E. Lat. 48. 57."N. Pop. 10,784. Before the
revolution, it was the see of a bishop, and chief
place.of the generality of Champagne ; there
are manufactures of coarse woollen cloth. It
is situated on the river Marne, is well built, and
contains a Gothic cathedral, 10 churches, a
public library of 30,000 volumes, a museum, a
botanic garden, and a cabinet of natural, histo
ry. — Natives, La Caille, Catalaunici, and Attiias
Niederlage. Chalons sur Sdone, (an. Cabillonum,) city,
France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire, on the Saone ; 14
posts N. Lyons, 46* SSE. Paris. Lon. 4. 51. E.
Lat. 46. 47. N. Pop. 10,431. H. 1,257. Bp. see.
It is surrounded with walls, and defended by a
citadel. The principal commerce consists hi
corn, wine, and wood.
Chalbo, t. Thibet. Lon. 89. 15. E. Lat. 28.
18. N.
Chalosse, before the revolution, a small coun
try of France, in the environs of St. Sever.
Chalsey, X. Hind., Baglana ; 40 NE. Chandor.
Chaltaron, t. Thibet ; 10 WNW. Coucha.
Chalvanca, or Chumbilvilais, X. Peru, Si prin
cipal place of a jurisdiction ; 90 W. Cusco.
Chains, X. France, in Upper Vienne ; 15 SSW.
Limoges. Pop. 1,204.
Chalybon, now Aleppo,
Cham, pr. Cochin China.
Cham, or Kahm, X. Switz., in Zug, on S. side
of the lake of Zug ; 7 S. Zug.
Cham, t. Bavaria, in Regen, on the Regen, at
its conflux with a river, called Champl, or
Kampl; 24 NE. Ratisbon, 64 E. Nuremberg.
Pop. 1,820.
Cham, X. Lower Siam, at the mouth of a river
on E. coast. Lon. 100. 30. E. Lat. 12. 50. N.
Cham de Couce, X. Portugal, in Estramadura;
18 N. Thomar.
Chama, or Shama, X. Africa, on the Gold
coast, situated at the mouth of a river of the
same name, which separates the country of Ja-
bin from that of Commani, and runs into the
Atlantic. Lon. 2. 45. W. Lat. 5. 5. N.

Cha-ma-ki, t. Formosa. Lon. 120. 14. E. fiat.
22. 10. N.
Chambah, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 100 NE. La
hore. Lon. 75. 33. E. Lat. 32. 28. N.
Chamabuzon, r. Honduras, which runs into
the bay, Lon. 88. 45. W. Lat. 15. 45. N.
Chamaill&rie, X. France, in Puy-de-Ddme ; 2
SW. Clermont Ferrand. Pop. 1,227.
Chamalucan, r. Mexico, which runs iutb the
bay of Honduras, Lat. 15. 40. N.
Chamara, X. on N. coast of the island of Java.
Lon. 108. 2, E. Lat. 6. 20. S.
Chamarande, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 5
NNE. Estampes.
Cha-ma-tao, small isl. near the coast of China,
in the Eastern sea. Lon. 120. 50. E. Lat 37.
58. N.
Chamaya, X. Peru, in Truxillo ; 52 NW. Cha-
capoyas. Chamaze, X. France, in Mayenne; 4 SW.
Chateaugontier. Chambe, X. Armenia ; 120 SE. Erivan.
Chamberet, X. France, in Correze ; 15 N. Tul
le. Pop. 2,220.
Chamberry, or Chamberi, (an. Cameria, Ca-
merium, and Cameriaeum,) capital of Savoy, at
the conflux of two small rivers, near the Isere ;
12i posts E. Lyons. Lon. 5. 55. E. Lat. 45.
26. N. Fop. 11,991. H. 1,985. Bp. see. It
contains a cathedral, 2 parish churches, 14 con
vents, 4 hospitals, a college, and a public libra
ry. In its vicinity are excellent baths, much
frequented in summer. It is situated in a de
lightful valley, and is defended by a casUe
pfeced on an eminence. Its suburbs are iarge
and elegant ; all the houses have piazzas. It
has considerable manufactures, and distilleries. .
— At this place the emperor Sigismund erected
the earldom of Savoy into a dukedom, and it
was once the residence of the princes ; but af
ter the court was removed to Turin, it lost
much of its splendour.
Cliamberslmrg, p-t. bor. Si cap. Franklin cd.
Pa. ; 14 N. Maryland line, 52 W. York, 76 NW.
Baltimore, 137 W. Philadelphia, W. 92. Lon.
77. 32. W. Lat. 39. 67. N. Pop. in 1818,2,304;
2,086 whites, 218 coloured. It is situated on
elevated ground, at the confluence of Falling
spring With Con'ococheague creek, which af
ford excellent seats for manufactories and mills.
It contains a large merchant mill, a paper mill,
an oil mill, a fulling mill, 2 breweries, and a
spinning factory with about 600 spindles.
It is a pleasant, flourishing, and healthy town,
and contains a court house, a jail, countyoffices,
a market house, a bank, an academy, 7 houses
of public worship, and 320 dwelling nouses, of
which 22 are of stone, 96 of brick, and 202 Of
log and frame. Several of the churches are
large, having spires with 2 bells in each. In the
vicinity of the town there are large quantities
of blue limestone, freestone, and marble. It is
on the turnpike from Harrisburg to Pittsburg,
and there is also a turnpike from the borough
to Baltimore. The surrounding country is fer
tile and well cultivated.
Chambicha, X. S. A. in Tucuman ; 50 SW. St.
Fernando. Chambly, or Fort Chambly, v. Si fort, Canada;,
on the river Chambly ; 11 N. St. John's, 80 N.

CHA

367

CHA

Burlington. Lon. 72. 59. W. Lat. 45. 48. N.
It contains about 100 houses, and extensive
barracks. It is a great thoroughfare, the road
from the U. S. to Montreal passing through it.
Chambly, or Chamblee, r. Canada, which runs
from lake Champlain as far as Fort Chambly,
after which it is called Richlieu, and continues
its course to the river St. Lawrence. It is no w
usually called Sorelle. See Sorelle.
Chamblis, or ChamblyfX. France, in Oise ; 19
WSW. Senlis. H. 260.
Chambois, X. France, Orne ; 6 NE. Argentan.
Chambon, (Le,) X. France, in Loire ; 3 SW.
St. Etienne. Pop. 1,180.
Chambon, X. France, in Creuse, and seat of a
tribunal, in the district of Evaux ; 3 W. Evaux,
8E. Gueret Pop. 1,482.
Chambonlive, X. France, in Correze ; 5 E.
Uzerche. Chambord, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 10 E.
Blois. Pop. 417.
Chambose, X. France, in Rhone ; 7 W. Ville-
franche en Beaujolois. H. 250.
Chambrais, t. France, in Eure ; 5 W. Bernay.
Pop. 1,000.
Chambre, (Le,) t. Savoy, on the Isere. The
inhabitants are subject to the goitre, or swel-
lingof the neck ; 23 NE. Chamberry. Pop. 500.
Chambran, X. Neth., in Hainaut, on the Dan
der ; 8 SE. Ath.
Chambuck, X. Bengal ; 55 SW. Calcutta. Lon.
87. 48. E. Lat. 21. 5. N.
Cham-chouspou, X. Chinese Tartary ; 8 NNE.
Ning-yuen. Chamchaz, X. Armenia ; 145 E. Erivan.
Cham'e, X- S. A., in Panama, near the Pacific
ocean ; 28 SW. Panama.
Chamicuro, X. Quito ; 16 S. La Laguna.
Chameirat, X. France, Correze ; 3 SW. Tulle.
Chamelet, X. France, in Rhone ; 9 W. Ville-
franche. Chamilly, small isl. in the river St. Lawrence.
Lon. 75. W- Lat. 45. N.
Chamir, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 50 NE. Lohe-
ia. Lon. 43. 5. E. Lat. 17. 12. N.
Chamir, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 30 W. Gam-
bron. Lat. 27. 12. N.
Chami-lalunia, X. S. A., in Chocos ; 45 E. Zit-
tara. Chamitsche, X. Russia, in Mogilev ; 40 SSW.
Mogilev. Chamka, or Tchamka, X. Thibet ; 229 SE.
Lassa, 150 NE. Ghergong. Lon. 95. E. Lat.
28. N.
Chamnetskoi, fortress, Russia, [on the confines
of China ; 168 SW. Verch Udinskoi.
Chamouni, Chamounis, Chamounix, or Cha-
moix, t. Savoy, in Upper Faucigny ; 12 ESE.
Chamberry, 42 SE. Geneva. Pop. 1,500. It is
situated in a celebrated vale, which lies N. of
Mont Blanc, SE. of the lake of Geneva; 18 m.
long, and 1£ broad. The. river Arve flows
through the centre of it. The scenery surround
ing the vale is unrivalled in beauty and gran
deur.. It is 3,300 feet above the sea.
Champagnac, t. France, in Dordogne ; 12 N.
Perigueux. Pop. 905.
Champagnac, X. France, in Upper Vienne ; 5
ESE. Roche Chouart. Pop. 1,440?!
Champagnac, X. France, in Cantal ; 5 NE.
Mauriac H. 300.

Ckampagnac-de-Bel-Air, t. France, in Dordog
ne ; 9 S. Nortrou.- Pop. 800.
Champagne, X. France, in Dordogne ; 10 N.
Riberac. Pop. 1,060.
Champagne, X. France, in Ain ; 10 N. Belley.
Champagne, before the revolution, a country.
of France, bordered E. by Lorraine and Fran-i
che Comte, S. by Burgundy and Nivernois, W.
by the Isle of France and Picardy, and N. by
Flinders ; it is about 195 miles in length, and
135 broad; the land is fertile, and produces
that celebrated v/iin, called after its name ;
much grain and pasturage. Troyes was the
capital. Pop. 1,200,000. Sq. m. 11,880. It now
forms the whole of the departments of Arden
nes, Marne, Upper Marne, Aube, and part of
those of Yonne and Seine-and-Marne.
Cliampagne Mouton, X. France, in Charente ;
10 Confolent. Fop. 1,600.
Champagne St. HUaire, v. France ; 10 Poi-.
tiers. Champagnieu, X. Savoy ; 14 W. Chambery.
Champagnole, X. France, in Jura ; 9 SE. Po-
ligny. Pop. 1,474.
Champah, pass, through mountains ofBengal,
in the province of Ramgur ; 45 N. Ramgur.
Champaign, co. west part of Ohio. Pop. in
1810, 6,303 ; in 1820, 8,479. Chief town, Ur-
bana. Champaneer, circar, Hind., N. of the Nerbud-
dah, about 60 miles from its mouth.
Champaneer, t. Hind., and capital of a circar
of the same name ; 64 SE. Amedabad, 85 N.
Surat- Lon. 73. 36. E. Lat. 22. 25. N. It is
surrounded by a wall 950 yards long, and 350
broad, defended by 42 towers. The houses of
the present town are miserable huts, erected on
pillars and blocks of the once magnificent edi
fices of the Moguls.
Champaney, X. France, in Upper Saone, dis=-
trict of Lure. Pop. 1,968.
Champapour,X. Bengal, in Shalberis; 30 SSW-
Goragot. Champaran, see Bettiah.
Champgon, X. France, in Mayenne ; 6 NE'-
Mayenne. Champdeniers, X. France, in Two-Sevres ; 10>
N. Niort. Pop. 1,193.
Champdieu, X. France, Loire ; 3 N. Montbri-
son. Champeaux, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne ;
7 NE. Melun.
Champeix, t. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 7
NW. Issoire. Pop. 1,954.
Champenieres, t. France, in Charente ; 6 NE.
Angoulesme. H. 620.
Champeon, X. France, in Mayenne ; 9 NE.
Mayenne. H. 240.
Champernagur, X. Bengal ; 4 W. Boglipour.
Lon. 87. E. Lat. 25. 15. N.
Champeton, r. Mexico, which runs into the
bay of Campeachy. Lou. 91. 56. W. Lat. 18.
50. N.
Champigne, X. France, in Maine-and-Loire •
14 N. Angers. H. 230.
Champignelle, t. France, in Yonne ; 9 N. St.
Fargeau. Champigny, X. France, in Yonne ; 14 N bv
W. Sens. . H. 200. '
Champigny sur Vende, t. France, in Indre-
and-Loire ; 7 S. Chinon. Pop. 979.

CHA

368

CHA

jion,n-t. Jefferson co. N. Y., on S. side
of Black river; 12 E. Watertown, 22 E. Sack-
et's Harbour, 58 S. Ogdensburg, 68 N. by W.
Utica, 140 NW. Albany, W. 460. Pop. in 1810,
1,471 ; in 1820, 2,080. The surface of the town
ship is uneven, but not hilly, and the soil ex
cellent. Champion, v. in Painesyille, Ohio.
Champl, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Regen,
at Cham.
Champlain, X. Canada, on the left bank of St.
Lawrence. Lon. 72. 14. W. Lat. 18. 50. N.
Champlain, p-t. Clinton co. N. Y., on NW.
part of lake Champlain, watered by the Chazy;
15 N. Plattsburg, W. 536. Pop. 1,618. It con
tains valuable mills, and has some trade.
Champlain, lake, N. A., between N. Y. and
Vermont, extending from between Fairhaven Si
Whitehall, to the distance of 25 miles north of
Canada line ; 128 miles long, and from 1 to 15
broad ; containing 600 square miles, about two
thirds of which lie in Vermont. It contains
upwards of 60 islands, the largest of which are
North and South Hero, and Motte island, and it
receives the waters of several rivers. The Otter
Creek, Onion river, Lamoile, and Missisque
flow into it from Vermont ; and the Chazy,
Saranac, Sable, Bouquet, and Wood rivers from
New York. It discharges its waters northward
into the St. Lawrence by the Sorelle. A steam
boat plies on this lake between Whitehall and
St. John's. The shipping on the lake, in 1816,
amounted to 800 tons, belonging chiefly to
Burlington. The principal towns on the lake
are Burlington, St. Alban's, Plattsburg, and
Whitehall.— On the 11th of Sept. 1814, com
modore Macdonough, commander of the Amer
ican fleet, gained a complete victory over the
British fleet, on this lake.
Champlemy, X. France, in Nyevre ; 16 SSW.
Clamecy. Pop. 1,042.
¦ Champlitle, X. France, in Upper-Sapne ; 12 N.
Gray, 27 W. Vesoul. Lon. 5. 36. E. Lat. 37.
47. N. Pop. 2,654.
Champour, X. Bengal ; 30 SE. Moorshedabad.
Champrond, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 15
W. Chartres. Pop. 720.
Chomprouenl, X. Savoy.; 9 N. Chambery.
Champ's Race Ground, p-v. Prince William
co. Va. ; W. 33.
Champterceir, X. France, in Lower- Alps; 3
W. Digne.
Champloce, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;
12 WSW. Angiers. H. 260.
Champtoceoux, X. France, Maine-and-Loire,
containing about 1,000 inhabitants; 4 WSW.
Ancenis. Pop. 1,113.
' Champvans, X. France, Jura ; 3 SW. Dole.
Champvant, X. France, in Upper-Sadne ; 3 S.
Gray. Champtou, t. Thibet ; 75 NNW. Cont-Choud-
song. Chamulgoody, X. Carnatic ; 28 E. Coilpetta.
Chamuny, I. Savoy ; 9 E. Salanche.
Chamuny, mt. Savoy, S. of the town of Cha
muny. Chamusea, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 9 E.
Santaren. Pop. 2,400.
Chamuti, r. Naples, which runs into the sea,
6 SSE. Girace.

Chamuti, t. Naples, Calabria Ultra ; 5 SSW.
Girace. Chanac, X. France, in Lozere ; 7 SW. Mende.
Pop. 1,665.
Chanaid, small isl. Scot, near the SW. ex
tremity of the island of Ua.
Chanak Kalesi, X. h citadel, A. Turkey, built
to defend the strait, called the Dardanelles.
Here is a small park of artillery, and a manu
factory of pottery. Pop. 8,000.
Chanas, X. France, in Isere ; 4 SW. Vienne.
Chanca, i . which forms a boundary between
Portugal and the Spanish province of Seville,
and runs into the Guadiana, 25 N. Ayamonte.
Chancaillo, s-p. Peru, NW. of Lima. Lat 12.
5. S. Changay, t. Peru, and principal place of a
jurisdiction in the archbishopric of Lima ; 30
S. Lima. Lat. 11. 34. S. It is a wealthy town,
containing 300 houses, and many Indian huts.
Chance-Bay, bay on N. coast of an island in
the straits of Magellan ; 2 W. Butler's bay.
Chanceaux, X. France, in C6te-d'0r ; 18 NW.
Dijon. Chanceford, p-t. York co. Pa., on W. side of
the Susquehanna ; 36 SE. Harrisburg, W. 77.
Pop. 1,248.
Chaneeford,( Lower,) t.Yorkco.Pa. Pop. 965.
Chancelade, X. France, in Dordogne ; 3 NW.
Perigueux. H. 200.
Chancellaria, t. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 7 W.
O'Crato. Chancha, X. Egypt, at the entrance of a des
ert ; 6 E. Cairo.
Chan-chan, X. Corea ; 12 SW. Long-Kouang.
Chancy, X. Savoy, on the Rhone ; 8 SW. Ge
neva. Chanda, X. Hind., in Berar ; 67 S. Nagpour,
218 E. Aurungabad. Lon. 79. 54. E. Lat. 20.
2. N. Chandah, X. Hind., in Candeish; 30 SW. Bur-
hanpour. Chandail, circar, Hind., in the country of
Allahabad, SW. Benares.
Chandalcotta, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 17 E.
Adoni. Chandapour, X. Hind., Bahar; 16 SW. Bahar.
Chandahree, X. Hind., in Lahore, capital of a
district on the Betwah ; 105 N. by E. Lahore.
Lon. 74. 41. E. Lat. 33. 24. N. H. 14,000. It is
a neat and flourishing town, and has an exten
sive manufacture of fine cotton cloth.
Chandarya, X. Bengal ; 34 NE. Calcutta.
Chandek, X. Hind., in Arungabad ; 15 SSE.
Jaffierabad. Chanderbaun, X. Bengal ; 30 S. Burdwan.
Chandegheri, see Kandegeree.
Chandeleur Islands, cluster of islands in the
gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Mississippi,
Lon. 88. 48. to 88. 58. W. Lat. 29. 30. to 29.
45. N.
Chandercoona, t. Hind., in Bengal, in Burd
wan ; 32 SSW. Burdwan. Lon. 87. 38. E. Lat.
22. 45. N. Pop. 18,145.
Chandere, t. Hind., Aurungabad ; 110 NNE.
Poonah. Chanderee, X. Hind., and capital of a circar or
district in the Malwa country, near the river
Betwha; 148 S. Agra,'192 N. Ougein. Lon. 78.
43. E. Lat. 24. 48. N. It once contained 14,000
houses ; and is now the residence of a rajah.

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Chandergeri, X. Hind., in Canara ; 15 S. Man-
galore. Chandergunge, t. Bengal, in Dacca ; 28 S.
Comillah. Charldernagore, t. Bengal, on the Hoogly, 20
miles abo ve Calcutta, 82 S. Moorshedabad. Lon.
88. 26. E. Lat. 22, 50. N. Pop. 41,377. It be
longs to the French, being their only settle
ment in Bengal. It is a neat town, nearly a
mile long, the houses mostly of 2 stories, built
of brick and mortar, plastered with chunam,
with flat roofs. It has a small territory, extend
ing 2 miles along the river, and 1 mile inland.
Chandgherry,X. Hind., in the Carnatic; 62
WNW. Madras.
Chandgherry, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 90 NNW.
Seringapatam. Chandghos, X. Bengal, Burdwan. Pop. 3,718.
Chandgunge, X. Bengal, in Burbazzoo ; 10 N.
Nulshi. Chandgunge, X. Bengal ; 86 NNW. Dacca.
Chandi, X. Nubia ; 40 NNE. Gerri. Lon. 33.
28. E. Lat. 16. 36. N.
Chandieu, X. France, Loire ; 3 N. Mohtbrison.
Chandiga, r. Siberia, which runs into the Ad-
Ian. Lon. 135. 14. E. Lat. 62. 10. N.
Chandler's Gore, small district, Oxford co.
Maine. Pop. 42.
Chandler's River, r. Maine, which runs into
Englishman's bay.
Clmndlersville, see Jonesborough.
Chandor, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 52 NE. Nas-
suck, 80 NW. Aurungabad. Lon. 74.28. E. Lat.
20. 8. N.
Chandoul, X. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 150 NE.
Tabris. Chandpour, X. Hind., in Sumbul ; 27 S. Nid-
jibabad. Chandpour, X. Bengal ; 18 S. Kishenagur.
Chandpour, X. Bengal ; 22 SSW. Purneah.
Chandpour, X. Bengal ; 10 S. Silhet.
Chandpour, t. Bengal, in Chittigong; 38 N.
Islamabad. Chandpour, X. Bengal ; 16 S. Islamabad.
Chandpour, X. Bengal ; 60 NE. Dacca.
Chandpour, X. Bengal, on the left bank of the
Megna ; 30 SSE. Dacca. It is celebrated for
its excellent oranges.
Chandpour, X. Hind., Allahabad ; 9 S. Corah.
Chandra-Gupti, or Chandra- Guii, X. h fort,
Hind., NW. extremity of Mysore. Lon. 75. 8.
E. Lat. 14. 23. N. H. 100. It was once a
place of celebrity.
Chandree, see Chanderee.
Chandui, s-p. Quito ; 16 WSW. Guayaquil.
Chandun, X. Bengal ; 30 S. Curruckpour.
Chanes, one of the smaller Shetland islands.
Lon. 1. 43. W. Lat 60. 9. N.
Chang, X. China, of the second ranlc, in Chen-
si ; 495 SW. Peking. Lon: 99. 33. E. Lat. 33.
50. N.
Changa, or Xanga, small isl. in the Indian
sea, near the coast of Africa, at the mouth of a
river of the same name. Lon. 39. 50. E. Lat.
10. 45. S.
Changail, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 17 NW. Dur-
bungah. Changamali, t. Hind., in Barramaul, where
there is a pass across the mountains to the Car
natic ; 100 SW. Madras.
Vol. I. 47

Changaprang, X. Thibet; 195 NNE. Catman
du; 242 W. Lassa. Lon. 86. 52. E. Lat. 31.
6.N. Changasari, X. Russia, in Viborg; 80 WNW.
Viborg. Chang-ehe, city, China, of the second rank,
in Quang-si ; 1,210 SSW. Peking. Lon. 96. 17.
E. Lat: 22. 6. N.
Chang-choui, X. China, of the third rank, in
Honan ; 45 SE. Hiu.
Change, X. France, in Sarte ; 3 SE. Le Mans.
H. 370.
Chang-hai, X. China, of the third rank, in Ki-
ahg-nan ; 18 SE. Song-kiang.
Chang-hang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Fo-kien ; 50 S, Ting-tcheou.
Chang-hia-long, X. China, of the second rank,
in Quang-si ; 1,200 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 4.'
E. Lat. 23. 27. N.
Chang-ho, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chang.tong ; 18 SW. Vou-ting.
Chang4n;X. China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si ; 1,165 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 24.
E. Lat. 23. 3. N.
Chang-kao, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si; 30 WSW. Choui-tcheou.
Changlasee X. Thibet, which gives name to
a district, near the river Sanpoo ; 190 NNE.
Catmandu, 204 W. Lassa. Lon. 87. 32. E. Lat.
29. 30. N.
Changlee, or Changli, X. A. Turkey, on W.
coast of Natolia, inhabited chiefly by the Turks;
9 SSW. Scalanova. Near it is another town
called Giaur Changlee, which is inhabited by
Christians. Chang-lin, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-si ; 18 NW. Ping.
Chang-ling, X. Corea ; 5 SSW. Hoang.
Chang-nan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chen-si ; 42 SE. Chang.
Chang-se, X. China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si ; 1,180 SSW. Peking. Lon. 107. 14.
E. Lat. 22. 10. N.
Chang-tcheou, X. Corea ; 20 W. Long-kouang.
Chang-tching, X. China, of the third rank, in
Honau ; 24 SSE. Kouang.
Chang-tsai, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 38 N. Yun-hing.
Chang-yeon, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 30 NNE. Nanngarr.
Chang-yu, X. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang; 18 ESE. Chao-king.
Change, X. France, Mayenne; 3 N. Laval.
H. 330.
Changy, X. France, in Loire ; 10 NW. Roanne.
H. 320.
Chanieres, X. France, Gironde ; 12 E. Blaye..
Chaniewieze, X. Russ., in Novogrodek ; 56 SW.
Novogrodek. Chankalamay, t. Hind., Cuddapa ; 18 SSW.
Combam. Chankter, t. Hind., in the Mahratta country ;
15 W. Poonah.
Chan-lin, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-si ; 8 NW. Ko-hoa.
Chanmanning, X. Thibet, where the grand
Lama sometimes resides; 116 W. Lassa, 266
NE. Catmandu. Lon. 89. 20. E. Lat. 30. 54. N.
Channar, or Chachi, X. S. A. in Cordova ; 125
N. Cordova.

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Channel, the English name pf the department
of France, called La Manche. See Lo Manche.
Channel Creek, one of the months of the
Ganges, E- of the islands of Sagpr.
Channi-Oudouc, X. Chinese Tartary, in the
country of the Moguls. Lon. 114. 14. E. Lat.
42. 51. N.
Channonat, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome, cele
brated for its mineral waters ; 6 S. Clermont.
H. 250.
Chanonry, t. Scot, in Ross-shire, united with
Rosemarkie, and now called Fortrose.
Chanparq, t Bengal ; 32 NE. Calcutta.
Chanprong, X. Thibet ; 245 W. Lassa. Lon.
86, 41. E. Lat. 29. 43. N.
Chan-si, pr. China, which is one of the small
est of the empire, is bounded on E. by Petche-
li, S. by Honan ; W. by Chen-si, and N. by the
great wall. Its climate is healthy and agreeable
and the soil is fruitful, It abounds in musk,
porphyry, marble, lapis-lazuli, and jasper of
various colours ; iron mines, salt-pits, and crys
tals, are also common here. This province is
full of mountains. Chan-si comprehends in its
district five cities of the first class, and eighty-
five of the second and third. Sir George Staun
ton estimates the population of this province at
27,000,000. Chansola, X. Bengal ; 23 SE- Islamabad.
Chanta, X. Bengal ; 25 NW. Bissunpour.
Chmtabovm, s-p. Siam, on the frontiers of
Cambodia. Chantada, X. Spain, in Galicia ; 20 N. Orense.
Chanlagir, r. Siberia, which runs into the
Enisei, Lon. 91. 34. E. Lat. 51. 50. N.
Chantaunay, X. France, in Vendee; 15 N.
Foritenay-le-Comte. Pop. 1,421.
Chantee, t. Thibet ; 9 S. Jhansu Jeung.
ChanleUe le Chateau, X. France, in Allier ; 9
N. Gannat Pop. 1,113.
Chantenay, X. France, in Lower Loire ; 2 W.
frarttes. Pop. 2,200.
Clianlenay, X. France, jn Sarte ; 15 WSW. Le
Mans. Chantersier, t. France, in Lower Alps ; 3 m.
from Digne.
Ghantilly, t. France, in Oise; 5 W. Senlis, 13
SSE. Clermont. Pop. 2,029. The prince of
Conde had a magnificent palace here, with
beautiful gardens, a menagerie, extensive park,
and curious water works. The stable was
thought to exceed any thing of the kind in
Frapce ; and the forests, for the purpose of
keeping game for the chace and the gun, ex
tended many mijles in circumference.
Chanlonay, X. France, in Vendee ; 12 W. La
Chataigneraye. Pop. 1,421.
Chan-long, pr. China, bounded E. by Pe-
tche-li and by part of Honan, S. by Kiangnan,
E. by the Eastern, sea, and N. by the same and
part of Pe-fche-li. It is divided into 6 districts,
which.cpntain 6 cities. of the firat class, and 114
of- the second and third! Sir George Staunton
estimates the number of people in this province
at24,000. Tci-nan is the capital.
Chantringe, t. France, in Mayenne ; 7 N.
Mayenne. IL 270.
Chan-yn, t. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si; 25 ENE. Sou.
Chao-hing, city, China, of the first rank, in

Tche-kiang ; 673 SSE. Peking. Lon. 120. W
E. Lait. 30. 10. N.
Chaoim, t. Chinese Tartary ; 8 S. Geho.
Chao-keouing, t. China, in Chang-tong ; 65
SE. Tci-ngin.
Chao-maAng, t. Thibet ; 10 N. Chap-ma7ii|g..
Hotun. Chao-ma-i,ng-Holun, X. Thibet ; 285 E. Hami,
Lon. 100. 10- E. Lat. 41. 10. N,
Chaonia, the NW. part of ancient Epirus.
Chao-ou, city, China, of the first rant, in Fo-
kien ; 775 S. Peking. Lop. 117. 19. E. Lat.
22. N.
Chao-pai, t. Chinese Tartary. Lob. 122. 44. E.
Lat. 42. 13. N.
Chaoiping, X. China, of the 3d rank, in Quang-
si ; 15 SE. Yong-ngang.
Chaora, one of the smaller Cape de Verde
islands. Chao-tcheou-fou, city, China, in Quang-tong,
on a navigable river ; 232 Canton. Families
10,000. It is surrounded by walls, and has a
considerable garrison, and some trade.
Chaau, one of the smaller Cape de Verde
islands, pr rather a rock ; 8 W. St, Nicholas.
Chaource, t. France, in Aude ; 15 S. Troyes,
Pop. 1,630.
Chapada, X. Brazil, in Goyas ; 70 NE. Villa
Boa. Chapala, lake, Mexico, in the province of
Guadalaxara, 54 miles in length, and 15 in
breadth ; 15S. Guadalaxara.
Chaparang, or Dsaprong, t, Thibet, situated
near the head of the Ganges ; 140 NNE. Siri
nagur. Lop. 79. 22. E. Lat. 33. 10. N.
Chaparral, t. Spain, in Grenada; 15 m. from
Antequera. Chapel Hill, p-t. Orange co. N. C, near the
head of New Hope creek, a branch of the Haw;
12 S. by E. Hillsborough, 28 WNW. Raleigh,
180 NNW. Wilmington, W. 312. Lon. 79. 3. W.
Lat; 35. 40. N. It has an elevated and healthy
situation, and contains 25 or 30 houses. The
surrounding countiy is hilly, abounding in
springs, and the soil is not remarkably fertile.
This is the seat of the University of North
Carolina, which was incorporated in 1793:; and
degrees were first conferred in 1797. Tbe plan
of the university embraces 3 buildings for the
accommodation of students. Two of these are
finished ; the principal edifice and one wing» of
brick. The other buildings are Person Hall,
for public worship, a president's house, apd
houses for the steward. The funds consist of
30, or 40,000 dollars, in bank stock, 50, or
60,000 acres of land, and all escheated proper
ty. There is a good chemical apparatus. The
college library contains from 1,500 to 1,800
volumes, and there are 2 libraries belonging to
2 societies, each containing. as many. The exec
utive officers consist of a president, who is also
professor of moral philosophy, and 4 professors,
1 of mathematics, 1 of chemistry, 1 of langua
ges, and 1 of rhetoric.; and 2 tutors. The
number of students, in 1821, was 135. The
board of trustees consists of 55 members. ; , of
which the governor of the state is, ex offiehj
president The commencement is held on the first
Thursday in June, after which there is a vaca-

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tion of 6 weeks; there is another vacation pf 4
weeks in December. — It is a well regulated and
flourishing institution. There is connected with
it a preparatory school.
Chapel Key, small isl. in the bay of Hondu
ras, near the coast Pf Mexico. Lon. 88. 40. W.
Lat. 18. N.
Chapel in the Frith, X. Si parish, Eng., in
Derby, on the borders Pf Cheshire, with a mar
ket on Saturday ; 20 ESE. Manchester, 165 N.
London. Lon. 1. 52. W. Lat. 53. 22. N. Pop.
3,042. Chapeligod, v. Ireland, on the Liffey ; 2£ W.
Dublin. Chapelle Agnon, (La,) X. France, in Fuy-de-
Dflme ; 5 N. Ambert. H. 380.
Ckapille d'Angillon, (La,) t. France, in Cher ;
16 N. Bourges. Pop. 549.
Chapelle Aubry, (La,) t. France, in Mayne-
and Loire ; 8 S. St. Florent.
Chapelle Basse, (La,) t. France, in Lower-
Loire ; 9 NE. Nantef. Pop 3,200.
Chapelle Blanche, (La,) X. France, in Mayne-
and-Loire ; 3 Bourgueil. Pop. 3,400-
Chapelle la Erbree, X. France, in Ille-and-Vi
laine ; 4 E. Vitre.
Chapelle sur Erdre, (La,) X. France, in Lower
Loire; 6 N.Nantes. Pop. 1,100.
Chapelle la Mouch, (La,) t. France, in Ma
yenne ; 13 NW. Vilaine. Pop. 1,500.
Chapelle sur Ordre, (La,) X. France, in Low
er Loire ; 5 N. Nantes. Pop. 1,100.
Chapelle sur Oreuse, (La,) X. France, in Yon
ne ; 6 S. Sens.
Chbpelle de Quinchay, (La,) X. France, in
Sa6ne-and-Loire ; 1 S. Macon.' Pop. 1,300.
Chapelle le Reine, (La,) X. France, in Seine-
and-Marne ; 5 NW. Nemours.
Chapelle St. Laurent, (La,) X. France, in Two
Sevres; 11 NW.Partenay.
Chapelle St. Mesmin, (La,) X. France, in Loi
ret; 3 W.Orleans.
Chapelle Talliferet,(La,) t. France, inCreuse;
4 S. Gueret
Chapelle la Thireuil, (La,),t. France, in Two
Sevres ; 13 WSW. Partenay.
Chapelle en Vercors, (La,) X. France, in
Drome ; 13 N. Die.
Chapelness, cape, Scot, on the coast of the
county of Fife, in the frith of Forth ; 1 W. Eli-
ness. Chapitoulas, settlement of Lower Louisiana,
on the banks of the Mississippi.
Chapman, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 355.
Chaman's Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on the
coast of Africa, a little S. of Table bay. ,
Chaporo, t. Concan, on the coast of Malabar ;
12 NW. Goa.
Chaplain's Fork, r. Kentucky, which runs in
to the Rolling Fork, Lon. 86. 1. W. Lat 37.
34, N.
Chappermunda, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 20 W.
Palamow. Chappes, t, France, Aube ; 10 SE. Troyes,
Chappigvmge, t. Bengal ; 26 S. Moorsheda
bad. Chappoy, X. France, in Jura ; 7 SSE. Salins.
Chapraral, X. Chili, and jurisdiction of Co-
quimbo. Chaprmigh. t. Thibet. Lon . 79. 37. W. Lat,
33. 29, N.

Chaplico, p-t. St. Mary's cp. Md. ; 11 WNW
Leonardtown, W. 53,
ChapvJc, t. Hind, in Bahar ; 55 SSW. Patjia.
Chaqui, Buenos Ayres, La Paz ; 35 E. Potosi.
Chaquilon, X. Persia, in Segestan, in ruins ;
90 NE. Zareng.
Char, t. Arabia ; 140 NW. Mecca.
Char, i-. France, which runs into the Bour
tonne, near St. Jean d'Angeli.
Char, r. Cyprus, which runs into the sea, 2 E.
Limesol. Char, r. Eng., which rises in Dorsetshire, and
runs into the sea, at Charmouth.
Charabaun, or Tsieribon, s-p. on N. coast of
Java; 130 E. Batavia. Lon. 109. 4. E. Lat.
6. 5. S. It is situated in a countiy, which pro
duces plenty of rice, sugar, coffee, pepper, cot
ton, Sic, which the Dutch purchase at a low
price. Charabcy, t. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 60 W.
Asterabat. Charadro, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 12
NNW. Anemur.
Charadrus, now Calandro.
Charagio, X. Corsica ; 2 S. Cervione.
Charak, or Tsjarak, (an. Seroff,) X. Persia, in
Laristan ; 20 SE. Nachelo. It is situated on
the shore of the Persian gulf, at the foot of a
mountain, opposite of the island of Kenn, and
Jras a port of consequence some centuries ago.
Charamokotan, one of the small Kurile isl
ands, in the North Pacific ocean. Lon. 155. E.
Lat. 49. 50. N.
Charamond, X. Bengal ; 28 N. Mauldah.
Charancy, t. France, in Moselle ; 10 WSW.
Longwy. Charapoto, X. Quito, near the coast ; 20 NNE.
Monte Christo. Lat. 0. 50. S.
Charasm, or Karasm, (an. Aria,) countiy, A-
sia, bounded N. by Turkestan, E. by Grand
Bukharia, S. by Chorasan, and W. by the Cas
pian sea ; about 320 miles from N. to S., and
about as much from E. to W. The country is
in general fertile. Urkonje is the capital, and
the usual residence of the khan in the winter.
The khan is said to be able to raise an army of
40, or 50,000 horsemen. Charasm was in for
mer times full of cities, towns, and castles ; re
markable for their strength and abundance of
people. At present the cities are but few, and
reduced below the condition of ordinary towns,
through the destructive power of the Usbeks,
who have brought rain and poverty wherever
they settled.
Charatzaiska, fortress, Siberia, on the borders
of China ; 84 SW. Selengisk.
Charavend, t. Persia ; 120 SE. Ispahan.
Charbas, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 15 N. Roop-
nagur. Charbuisovka, r. Kamtchatka, which runs in
to the Penzinskoi gulf, 70 SSW. Tigilskoi.
Choreas, or Chayanta, pr. Buenos Ayres,
bounded E. by Brazil, and W. by the Andes ;
about 900 miles long ; between Lat 20. Si 28.
S. This extensive region is divided into 13
districts, and comprehends large desert tracts,
composed in the west of rugged and impene
trable mountains, and towards the east, of vast
plains. The mountainous part is rich in mines,
and has a cold and rigorous climate, but the

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plains are liable to excessive heat. It is inhab
ited by various tribes of Indians. White popu
lation estimated at 120,000.
Choreas, city, Buenos Ayres, capital of the
province of the same name ; 25 SE. Oruro.
Lon. 67. 42. W. Lat. 18. 50. S. Pop. estimat
ed at 30,000.
Charcas de Angola, X. S. America, in Buenos
Ayres ; 90 NW. Buenos Ayres.
Charco, X. Bootan ; 8 N. Tassasudon.
Charcollp, X. Bengal ; 60 S. Comillah.
Charcowah Indians, in west part of N. A., on
the Multnomah. No. 200.
Charcnon, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 70 SE. Schiras.
Chard, X. Eng., in Somerset, situated on the
borders of Devonshire ; 15 S. Taunton, 141 W.
London. Lon. 3. 20. W. Lat. 50. 53. N. It
has a large weekly market, held on Monday.
Chorda, X. Bengal ; 10 SW. Midnapour.
Chardogne, X. France, in Meuse ; 4 N. Bar-
le-Duc. Chardon, p-t. Si cap. Geauga co. Ohio, about
40 miles E. Cleaveland, 160 NE. Columbus, W.
341. Pop. 430.
Charedsch, or Charek, see Karek.
Charente, r. France, which rises in dep. Up
per Vienne, passes by or near to Civray,JRuffec,
Verteuil, Mansle, Angoulesme, Jarnac, Cognac,
Saintes, Rochefort, Sic, and runs into the sea,
about 8 miles below Rochefort, opposite to the
isle of Oleron. Length 100 miles.
Charente, (Department of) one of the new
divisions of France, bounded N. by Vienne, E.
by Upper Vienne, S. by Dordogne, and W. by
Lower Charente. It takes its name from the
river Charente, which passes through it. Above
56 miles in length from NE. to SW., and 30
wide on an average. It is divided into 5 ar-
rondissements, Angouleme, the capital, Cognac,
Barbezieux, Confolens, and Ruffec. Pop.
326,885. Sq. m. 2,240.
Charentcnay, X. France, Yonne ; 7 S. Auxerre.
Charenton, X. France, in Seine ; 3 SE. Paris.
Pop. 810. Here the Protestants had their prin
cipal church, and a printing office, till the rev
ocation of the edict of Nantes, when the church
was converted into 2 convents.
Charenton, t. France, in Cher; 5 E. St. A-
mand, 21 SSE. Bourges.- Pop. 1,148.
Charera, (La,) X. Cuba ; 5 W. Havannah.
Chareri, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 9 S.
Gierace. Chareri, r. Naples, which runs into the sea,
10 SSE. Gierace.
Charetle, p-t. Montgomery co. Missouri, on
N. side of the Missouri ; 40 above St. Charles.
Chargey, X. France, Upper Saone ; 3 N. Gray.
Chargner, X. Berar ; 45 SE. Aurungabad.
Charia, or St. Adrian, v. Eu. Turkey, Morea;
7 NW. Argo. It is supposed by some to be the
spot where the city of Mycena stood.
Charidemum, now Cope Gata.
Charje, X. Egypt, in the Great Oasis ; 120 SW.
Suit . Lon. 29. 40. E. Lat. 25. 50. N. It is a
halting place for caravans.
Charikdran, X. Candahar ; 25 NW. Cabul.
Charillos, (Los,) X. Peru, in Lima.
Charinos, X. S. A., in Quito ; 22 NNW. Jaen
de Bracamoros.

' Charing
Pop. 912.

t. Eng., in Kent; 7 W. Ashford:

Charjoo, X. Grand Bukharia, on the Gihon ;
100 SE. Bukharia.
Chariquil, X. Persia, Irak ; 90 SE. Hamadan.
Charisasar, X. Candahar ; 15 NE. Candahar.
Charit, X. Arabia; 24 N. Sana.
Charite sur Loire, (La,) X. France, in Nyevre,
on the Loire ; 13 NNW. Nevers. Lou. 3. 6. E,
Lat. 47. 11. N. Pop. 4,011. Here are manu
factures of woollen and hard ware.
Chariton, p-t. Howard co. Missouri, on N.
bank of the Missouri ; 20 W. Franklin.
Charkiera, X. Hind, in Hindia; lOE.Hurdah.
Charkina, fortress, Russia, on the Don, in
Caucasus ; 200 NE. Astrachan.
Charkliqueu, X. A. Turkey, t chiefly inhabited
by tanners, who manufacture the beautiful mo
rocco leather; the caravans stop here 2 or 3
days : it is situated between Erzerum and Tocat
Charkov, city, Russia, and capital of a gov
ernment "of the same name ; 352 S. Moscow,
640 SSE. Petersburg. Lon. 36. 26. E. Lat.
50. 0. N. Pop. 15,000. H. 1,532. It contains 10
churches, 2 convents, a university, a gymna
sium, and other seminaries. Fourgreat yearly
markets are held here.
Charkov, or Slobodsk-Ukraine, government,
Russia, bounded N. by Kursk, E. by Voronetz,
S. by Ekaterinoslav, W. by Tchernigov and
Kiev ; Charkov is the capital. It is about 180
miles in length, and from 40 to 80 in breadth.
Pop. about 800,000. Sq. m. 13,000.
Charlburg, X. Eng. in Oxford ; 6 W. Wood
stock, 68 WNW. London. Pop. 1,074.
Charleburg, v. L. Canada; 4 N. Quebec. H.
40, and 1 ch. It is pleasantly situated.
Charlemont, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 14 W.
Greenfield, 110 WNW. Boston, W. 417. Pop.
1,081. Charlemont, X. France, in Ardennes, on a
mountain near the Meuse ; 10 N. Meziers, 24
SW. Namur. Lon. 4. 50. E. Lat 50. 7. N.
Pop. 1 ,310. It is small, but well fortified.
Charlemont, X. Ireland, in Armagh ; 8. N. Ar
magh. It is a garrison town, with barracks for
3 companies of foot.
Charleroy, or Charles sur Sombre, t. Nether
lands, in Namur, on N. side of the river Sam-
bre, in a place formerly called Charnoy; 20
ENE. Mons, 20 NE. Maubeuge. Lon. 4. 32.E.
Lat 50. 26. N. Pop. 3,744. It has manufac
tures of glass, hardware, and woollen stuffs ;
and in the neighbourhood are extensive pits of
turf and coal. It was taken by the French un
der General Valence, in the month of Novem
ber 1792, with 4,000 prisoners. It was recover
ed by the Austrians in the month of June, 1793,
when the French were twice defeated, once
with the loss of 4,000 men, and again of 7,000.
On the 25th of July, 1794, it again surrendered
to the French at discretion, with the garrison
of 3,000 men, and 60 pieces of cannon.
Charles, co. Md., bounded N. by Prince
George co. E. by St. Mary's co. SW. and W.
by the Potomac. Pop. in 1810, 20,245 ; slaves
12,435. Pop. in 1820, 16,500. Chief town,
Port Tobacco.
Charles City, co. . Va., bounded N. New
Kent co., E. by James City co., S. by James
river, and W. by HenricP. Pop. in 1810, 5,186;
slaves, 3,023. Pop. in 1820, 5,255. The court
house is 35 SE. Richmond, W. 154.

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Charles Island, or Island of Dogs, at Xhe mouth
af the river Gambia in Africa, where the Eng
lish had a settlement, but were driven away ;
since which time the island has been unin
habited. Charles Fort, fort on W. coast of the island
of Barbadoes ; 1 S. Bridge-town.
Charles Fort, fort, Ireland, at E. side of the
entrance into Kinsale harbour, in county of
Cork ; 2 S. Kinsale.
Charles Fort, fort on W. coast of the island
of St. Christopher; 1 SE. Sandy-Point.
Charles Island, isl. in Hudson's straits. Lon.
79. 85. W. Lat. 62. 40. N.
Charles's Island, small isl. in that part of the
straits of Magellan, called Royal Reach, about
4 miles in length ; 6 SSW. Fortescue's bay.
Charles River, r. Mass., which flows into
Boston harbour, dividing Boston and Charles
town. The source of the principal branch is
a pond bordering on Hopkinton. It is navi
gable for lighters and large boats to Watertown,
7 miles. Charlesburg, p-v. Montgomery co.Md.; W.26.
Charleston, p-t Montgomery co. N. Y. on S.
side of the Mohawk ; 40 WNW. Albany; W. 412.
Pop. in 1810, 5,282; in 1820, 5,365. It is of
large extent, and contains 4 houses of public
worship. .
Charleston, p-t. Cecil co. Md.; lOW.Elkton,
47 NNE. Baltimore, W. 63. Pop. 300. It has
an academy and a meeting house.
Charleston, district, S. C. Pop. exclusive of
the city, in 1810, 38,468. Slaves, 33,714. Pop.
in 1820, 33,130.
Charleston, city, h s-p. S. C. in a district of
the same name; 120 SSE. Columbia, 118 NE.
Savannah, 590 SSW. Baltimore, 780 SSW.
New-York, W. 553. Lon. 79. 54. W. Lat. 32.
47. N. Pop. in 1790, 16,359 ; in 1800, 18,712 ;
in 1810, 24,711; 11,668 whites, and 13,043
blacks ; in 1820, 24,780 ; 5,323 free white
males, 5,330 free white females ; 12,552 slaves ;
1,475 free people of colour.
It is situated on a tongue of land formed by
the confluence of the rivers Cooper and Ashley,
which unite just below the city, and form a
spacious and convenient harbour, communicat
ing with the ocean below Sullivan's island, 7
miles from Charleston. At the mouth of the
harbour, there extends, from shore to shore,
a sand bank, which, though dangerous to ves
sels, has openings by which they are navigated
across it. The harbour is defended by fort
Piiikncy and fort Johnson, which are on isl
ands, the former 2, and the latter 4 miles below
the city ; and by fort Moultrie on Sullivan's
island. Charleston contains a state house, a city hall,
a custom house, a guard house, a theatre, an or
phan house, a hospital, an alms house, 6 banks,
including a branch of the U. S. bank, a college
edifice, now occupied by a classical school, and
17 houses of public worship, 3 for Episcopalians,
3 for Presbyterians, 3 for Methodists, 2 for
Congregationalists, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Ro
man Catholics, 1 for French Protestants, 1 for
Baptists, 1 for Friends, and a Jews' synagogue.
Public worship is also held in the orphan house.
There are 6 newspapers published here, 4 daily,

and 2 thrice a week. The Charleston Library
contains about 13,000 volumes, and the Frank-.
lin Library Society has about 2,000. The Or
phan Asylum is a noble and well endowed insti
tution, which supports and educates about 130
orphan children. Provision is made by the
legislature for educating at the S. C. college, at
the expense of the state, such boys as manifest
extraordinary talents: There are several other
charitable societies richly endowed,, particular
ly the South Carolina Society, the St. Andrew's
Society, and the Fellowship Society, instituted
for the relief of widows and orphans.'
The city is regularly laid out in parallel
streets, which are intersected by others nearly
at right angles. The tongue of land on which
it is built, was originally indented with creeks
and narrow marshes, which have been filled
up, and it is drier and more elevated than most
parts of the low countiy of S. Carolina. Many
of the houses are elegant and furnished with
piazzas. It is much the largest town in the
state, and was formerly the seat of government.
It has an extensive and flourishing commerce.
The shipping owned here, in 1816, amounted
to 36,473 tons ; in 1820, to 28,403 tons. The
number of vessels which, in 1816, arrived here
from foreign ports, was 337 ; coastwise 882.
That dreadful distemper, the yellow fever,
has made frequent ravages in Charleston ; but
its effects have been chiefly confined to persons
from more northern situations ; and the climate
of the city is accounted healthy to the native
inhabitants, more so than that of most other
Atlantic towns in the southern states ; and its
superior salubrity attracts the planters from the
surrounding countiy, and it is the favourite re
sort of the wealthy from the West Indies. It
affords much agreeable society, and is reckon
ed one of the gayest towns in the United States.
Charlestown;(New,) p-t.Penobscotco. Maine;
58 NW. Castine, W. 714. Pop. 344.
Charlestown, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H., on the
Connecticut ; 12 N. Walpole, 30 S. Dartmouth
College, 80 W. Portsmouth, W. 453. Lon. 72.
29. W. Lat. 42. 46. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,501 ; in
1820, 1,702. Here is a pleasant and handsome
village, about half a mile from the river, con
taining a court-house, a jail, and a Congrega
tional meeting house. A bridge is built here
across the river. The courts for the county are
held alternately here and at Keene.
Charlestown, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 1 N.
of the centre of Boston, with which it is con
nected by a fine bridge across Charles river ;
W. 437. Pop. in 1810, 4,959; in 1820, 6,591.
It is a pleasant and flourishing town, much the
largest in the county of Middlesex, and is ad
vantageously situated for trade and manufac
tures. It contains the state prison, an insane
hospital, United States' navy yard, an alms
house, a market house containing a spacious
town hall, 2 printing offices, and 4 houses for
public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for
Baptists, and 1 for Universalists. It has con
siderable trade, and various manufactures of
pot and, pearl ashes, rum, leather, particularly
morocco,, cordage, silver, tin, brass, pewter,
and also ship building. It is a port of entry in
'conjunction with Boston. There are 2 bridges

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across Mystic river, one connecting Charles
town with Chelsea, the other connecting it with
Maiden. There is also another connecting the
town with Craigie's bridge, leading to Cam
bridge. The. U.' S. navy yard consists pf about 60
acres of land, on which are built a large brick
warehouse, several arsenals; magazines for va
rious kinds of stores, a large brick mansion
house for the superintending officer, and a ma
rine hospital. The. state prison is at the west
end of the .town, and is built of granite, 200
feet by 44, of 6 stories. The prison yard is 500
feet by 400, enclosed by a wall 15 feet high.
The Massachusetts Insane Hospital, is delight
fully situated upon Pleasant hill, on the west
side of the town. It has an elegant house for
the siiperin tendant with buildings, one on each
side, handsomely built of brick, 3 stories high.
The General hospital, connected with this, is
situated in Boston.
Bunker, Breed's, and Cobble, (now Pleasant)
hills, celebrated in the history of the American
revolution are in this town. Bunker Hill bat
tle, so called, was fought on Breed's hill, June
17, 1775. In this battle the loss, in killed and
wounded, of the British, was 1,055; of the
Americans, 449.
Charlestown, p-t. Washington co., R. I., on
the Atlantic ; 19 WSW. Newport; 40 SW. Pro
vidence, W. 388. Pop. 1,160. Here are the
remains of the Narraganselt Indians, once a
numerous and powerful tribe, but now reduced
to 410 souls. They own a tract of about 3,000
acres of land, generally in a bad state of culti
vation. A missionary is supported among them
by the society for Propagating the Gospel.
Charlestown, p-t. Chester co. Pa., on W. side
of the Schuylkill ; 7 W. Norristown, W. 164.
Pop. 2,069.
Charlestown, v. Lancaster co. Pa., on E. bank
of the Susquehanna ; 4 miles below Columbia.
Charlestown, p-t. and eap. Jefferson' co. Va. ;
« SW. Harper's Ferry, 185 NNW. Richmond,
W. 63. It contains a court-house, a jail, a mar
ket house, and about 50 houses.
Charlestown, X. Kenhawa co. Va., on the Ken-
hawa, at the junction of the Elk river, about
300 WNW. Richmond. Near this town are salt
works. Charlestown, Va. see W'elVsburg.
Charlestown, X. Berkley co. Va. ; 20 NE.
Winchester. Charlestown, v. Mason co. Ken., on the Ohio ;
& N. Washington, 60 NE. Lexington. Pop. 21.
Charlestown, p-t.Portage co. Ohio ; 181 NNE.
Columbus, W. 334. Pop. 246.
Charlestown, p-t. Si cap. Clark co. Indiana ; 2£
miles from the Ohio, 14 above the falls, 32 SW.
Madison, 121 Indianopolis, W. 610. Pop. 900.
H. 120, mostly of brick. It was laid out in
1809, and contains a court house, a Methodist
meeting house,, and a school house, all of brick-
Ih the vicinity are several mills. The channel
for the water which carries a large flour mill
in the neighbourhood, has been dug through a
hill 70 feet high, and 360 through, the whole solid ;
j-ock. There are several interesting caves near. :
Charlestown. t. cap. island of Nevis, on W.
coast, Lon. 62. 40. W. Lat. 17. 10: N. It has

many good houses, and is well provided with
every necessary. Towards the sea there are 2
fountains, one of hot water, the other cold. It
is near a very steep mountain said to be 1 J, m.
high ; the summit 4 miles from the bay of
Charlestown. Charlestown ofAboyne, X. Scot, in Aberdeen
shire ; 29 W. Aberdeen. This place is much
frequented by invalids, for the benefit Of goaf 9
whey. Charlevdl, t. France, in Eure ; 10 SE. Rouen.
Pop, 640.
Charleville, t. France, in Ardennes, on the
Meuse, which- separates it from Mezieres, with
a bridge of communication. Pop. 7,724.
¦Charleville, t. Ireland, in Cork; 22 S. Lim
erick, 31 N. Cork.
Charley, X. Hind., Candeish > 6 S. Chuprah.
Charlieu, t. France, in Loire ; 3 N. Roatine,
12 NW. Lyons. Pop. 2,829.
Charlotte, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt, E. lake
Champlain; 13 S. Burlington, W. 490. Pop,
1,526. Charlotte, p-v. Monroe co. N. Y., in Gates ;
at the mouth of the Genesee ; 245 W. Albany,
W. 406. It is a flourishing village, and has
considerable trade.
Charlotte, p-t. Si cap. Mecklenburg co. ET.C:
44 SSW. Salisbury, W. 409. Pop. in 1800, 124.
Charlotte, p-t. Si cap. Dickson co. Tennessee;
about -35 W. Nashville, W. 783.
Charlotte, fort, S. C, on NE. side of the Sa
vannah ; 1 mile below Petersburg, 52 NW. Au
gusta. Charlotte, co. Va., N. of the Roanoke, bound
ed NE. by Prince Edward co., E. by Lunenr
i burg and Mecklenburg cos., SW. by the Roan
oke, and W. by Campbell co. ; W. 228. Pop.
in 1810, 13,161 ; slaves 7,579. Pop. in 1820,
13,290. Chief town, Maiysville.
Charlotte's Bay, bay on SE. coast of Noya
Scotia. Lon. 63. 63. W. Lat. 44. 35. N.
Charlotte-HuU, p-t St. Mary's co. Md.; 56
SSE. Washington. It derives its name from an
academy, which consists of 3 brick buildings
calculated to aecommodote 100 students. It is
the most respectable and flourishing institution
of the kjnd in Maryland, and receives from the
state an annual donation of 2,000 dollars. The
situation is elevated, pleasant, and healthy.
Charlotte's Town, X. Dominicp, on W. coast,
formerly called Roseau. Lon. 69. 29. W. Lat
15. 25. N-
Charlotte's Town, X. island of St. John, in the
gulf of St, Lawrence, situated about the centre
towards the S. coast. Lon. 63. 7. W- Lat 46.
15. N. It is the capital of the island and the
residence of a lieutenant governor.
Charlotte River, r. East-Florida, which runs
into the gulf of Mexico, forming a bay at its
mouth, Lon. 82. 40. W. Lat. 27. N.
Charlotteburg, X. Brunswick co. N. C- It is
on a small island near the coast.
Charlottenhurg, X. Ger., in Nassau, built by
the French refugees ; 4 SW. Holzapfel.
Charloitenburg, t. Upper Canada, on lake St.
Francis. Charlotfenburg, t. Wurt. ; 3 SE. Qhringen.
Charloitenburg, t. Pru., in Brandenburg,,gov-
ernment of Berlin, on fee Spree, chieflyinnali-

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ited by Lutherans and Calvinists ; 3 W. Berlin.
Pop.. 3,233. It owes its existence to a chateau,
built in 1696. The road to Berlin is a grand
promenade. Charlottenlund, t. Denmark, in the island of
Zealand ; 4 N. Copenhagen.
Charlottesville, p-t. Si cap. Albemarle co. Va. ;
40 ESE. Staunton, 86 WNW. Richmond, W.
134. Lon. 78. 52. W. Lat. 38. 2. N. It is very
pleasantly situated, and contains an elegant
court house, a jail, and 100 to 150 houses. It
is 1 mile from the Rivanna, and is laid out in
squares of three or four acres. The Univer
sity of Virginia was established here by the
legislature in 1817, and the buildings are to be
completed this year (1822). They comprise 10
pavilions for the accommodation of professors;
109 dormitories, and 6 hotels for the lodging
and dieting of the students. The whole ex
pense of the buildings is stated at #207,710.
The site is a little distance out of the village,
and occupies 200 acres. The institution is to
receive annually from the Virginia literary
fund the- sura of #15,000.
Charlottesville, t. Upper Canada, on N. side of
lake Erie.
Charlton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 14 SW.
Worcester, 52 WSW. Boston, W. 384. Pop.
2,134. Charlton, p-t Saratoga co. N. Y. ; 8 SW.
Ballston<-Spa, 25 NW. Albany, W. 401. Pop.
1,953. Charlton, r. Missouri, which runs into the
Missouri, 220 miles from the Mississippi.
Charlton Island, isl. in S. part of Hudson's
bay. Lon. 80. W. Lat, 52. 8. N.
Charlton Island, small isl. at E. extremity of
lake Ontario. Lon. 76. 33. W. Lat. 44. 3. N.
Chariy, X, France, in Aisne ; 6 SW. Chateau
Thierry. Pop. 1,560.
Ckarmes, t France, in Vosges; 7 NE. Mire-
court. Pop. 2,686. This place is famous for a
treaty between the Duke of Lorraine and Car
dinal Richelieu, in the year 1633, by which the
duke surrendered the dukedom to France.
Charmogol, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 200 N.
Herat. Charmondol, t. Bengal ; 18 SE. Kishenagur.
Charmont, X. France, Marne ; 14 NE. Vitry.
Charmotas, now Sharm el Kimen.
Charmouth, t. Eng., in Dorset, at the mouth of
a small river called Char ; 3 E. Lyme. Pop. 451 .
Charmour, X. Hind., in Berar ; 66 S. Nagpour.
Charnet, r. Eng.,Whichrises in Staffordshire,
and runs into the Dove, 5 N. Uttoxeter.
Charnizay, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 10
S. Loches.
Charny, X. France, in Yonne ; 19 NW. Aux-
erre. Fop. 813.
Charny, X. France, in Meuse; 3 N. Verdun.
Charollais, before the revolution, a small
country of France, called from Charolles, the
capital ; now in the dep. of Saone-and-Loire.
Charolles, X. France, in SaOne-and-Loire ; 21
ESE.Bourbon Lancy,24W. Macon. Pop. 2,407.
Charon, X. France, in Lower-Charente ; 9 N.
Rochefort. Charon, X. Hind., in Oude; 8 SW. Fyzabad.
Charon, r. U. Canada, which runs into lake
Superior, Lon. 85. W. Lat. 47. 20. N.

Chatonne, v. France ; 1 E. Paris.
Chant, X. France, in Cher, on, the river Ar
non ; 6 NE. Issoudun, 12 SW. Bourges. . Pop.
850. Charpey, t. France, in Drome ; 9 E. Valence.
Pap. 2,328.
Charpote, now Kartbirl.
Clmtpowny, t. Bengal ; 35 NNE, Rangamatty.
Charran, now Heren.
Charrar, or Kroro, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 15
E. Mastura.
Charrara, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 48 NW.
Schiras. CAorre Cvittou, t. Candahar ; 42 SW. Cabul.
Charres; X. Arabia ; 9 NNE. Sana.
Chafroux, t-France, in Allie*; 6 N. Gannat.
Pop. 1,415.
Charroux, X. France, in Vienne ; 4 E. Sivrav,
24 S. Poitiers. Pop. 1,681.
Chars, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 9 NW.
Pontoise. Gharsoorah, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 10 SW. Herat.
Chartiers, X. Washington co. Pa. ; 5 SW. Pitts
burg. Pop. 1,330.
Chartiers, r. Pa. which runs N. into the Ohio,
4 miles below Pittsburg.
Chartrain, before the revolution, a small
countiy of France, in the environs of Chartres,
which is the capital.
Chartre sur le Loire, (La,) t. France, in Sarte ;
i 6 ENE. Chateau-du-Loir, 22 SE. Le Mans.
Pop. 1,551.
Chartres, (an. Autricwm, and Camutum,) city,
France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 11 posts SW. Pa
ris, 18* NNE., Tours. Lon. 1. 13-. E. Lat. 48.
27. N. Pop. 13,009. H. 2,000. Bp. see. It is
one of the most ancient towns of the country,
and contains a cathedral, 8 churches, a hospital,
a public library of 25,000 volumes, and a cabi
net of natural history. The streets' are narrow,
but some of the houses are uncommonly neat,
and the cathedral is esteemed one of the most
beautiful churches in the kingdom: It is situ
ated on the Eure, over which is a bridge, the
work, of the- celebrated Vauban. The principal
trade is in corn, wine, and manufactured goods.
— Natives, Regnier, the. poet, Nicolle, Des-
portes, and Brissot
Chartreuse, or Grand Chartreuse; famous Car
thusian monastery, France, a little NE. Greno
ble, situated at the foot of high mountains. It
was founded in 1086, was the head of all the
orders in Europe; attached' to 173 cloysters, and
was the cradle of the Chartreirx monks, , and
their chief residence.
Charu, X. Bengal;, 15 S. Koonda.
Charwah, X. Hind., Candeish ; 10 S. Hindia .
Charybdis, now called Calofaro, and La Rema,
celebrated whirlpool, in the gulf of Messina,
between the coast of Calabria and the island of
Sicily, opposite to Scylla in Italy, and 6 miles
from Cape Blanco. It is formed by the meet
ing of contrary currents in a narrow part of the
channel. It was represented by the ancients
as very formidable ; but the passage is now
attended with little danger; whether the differ
ence is to be ascribed to their exaggeration, or
to the operation of time and the effect of earth
quakes. The earthquake of 1783 is said to have
much diminished its remaining violence.

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Chasasa, X. Fez, on N. Coast ; 17 S. Melilla.
Chasow,<XJ Hind., in Agimere; 22 W. Ran-
tampour.' ' >¦¦ ¦•-.,
Chassair, or Casair, X. Morocco, about 18 m.
from Mount Atlas; 75 NW. Fighig. Near it are
mines of lead and antimony, which the inhabi
tants carry to Fez to be disposed of.
Chasselay; X. France, in Rhone ; 6 N. Lyons.
Pop. 1,280.
Chasseneuil, X. France, in Charente ; 11 NE.
La Rochefoucault
¦Chassensal, X. France, which runs into the
Ardfiche, not far from its source.
Chasserades, t. France, in Lozere ; 8 N. Vil-
lefort Chasseral, -highest mt of the lower chain of
Jura, in Neufchatel, between Val St. Imier and
Valde RuZ ; about 5,000 feet above the sea.
Chassiers, X. France, Ardeche ; 10 W. Viviers.
Cliassiron, (Tower of) light house on the N.
point of the island of Oleron, near the coast of
France, which has two fires to distinguish it
from! the tower of Cordovan. Lon. I. 24. W.
Lat. 46. 3. N.
Chassircough, t Thibet ; 82 SE. Lahdack.
Lon. 79. 14. E. Lat. 34. 32. N.
Chaslanl's Bluff;\n Alabama, on the Mobile ;
27 miles, above Mobile.
Chastelet, see Chatelet.
Clidstellar, t- Savoy; 9 NE. Chamberry.
Chata, X. Tennessee ; 22 SSW. Knoxville.
Chata-Hatcha, or Pea River, r. Florida, which
runs into the gulf of Mexico, in St. Rose's bay.
Lon. 84. 46. W. Lat. 30. 23. N.
Chatahoochee, r. which rises in the Appala
chian mountains, runs across NW. part of Geor
gia, forms a part of the W. boundary of the
state, dividing it from Alabama, and in Lat. 30.
45. N. receives1 Flint river, and takes the name
of Appalachicola.. '
Chataigneraye; (La.) X. France, and principal
place of a. district, in Vendee ; 10 N. Fontenay
le Comte; 43 SE. Nahtes. Lon. 0. 39. W. Lat.
46. 41. N. Pop. 990.
Chataiska, r. Siberia, which runs into the
Enisei near Turucharisk.
Chalaisko, t, Siberia, on E. side of the Enisei ;
156 N. Turuchansk.
Chalanga, r. Russia, which runs into the Fro
zen sea, extending itself by the addition of
many rivers into a. large gulf at its mouth. Lat.
74. 40; N.
Chatauque, cP. N. Y. ; bounded NW. by lake
Erie, E. by Cataraugus co., S. and W. by Penn
sylvania. Pop. in 1810, 2,381 ; in 1820, 12,568.
Chatauque, lake, in Chatauque co. N. Y. ; 9
E. lake Erie ; 18 miles long, and from 1 to 3
broad. The head of the lake is 9 miles from
Dunkirk on lake Erie. A branch of the Cone-
wango, which runs into the Alleghany river,
flows from this lake. From the head of this
lake there is a free navigation through the Con-
ewango and Alleghany, to Pittsburg.
Chatauque, p-t Si cap. Chatauque co. N. Y. ;
30 SW. Buffalo, 357 W. Albany, W. 439. Pop.
in 1810, 1,039 ; in 1820, 2,518.
Cha-tcheou, or Qua-tcheou, X. Asia, in Thibet ;
160 SSE. Hami. Lon. 95. 19. E. Lat. 40. 22. N.
Chalchur, t. Hind.,Ballogislan ; 15 S. Dadari.
Chateau Arnoux, X. France, in Lower-Alps ;
7 S. Sisteron.

Chaleau-belair Bay, bay on W. coast of the
island of St. Vincent, in the West Indies. Lon.
61. 17. W. Lat. 13. 14. N.
Chateau-bourg, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine;
7 W. Vitre. Pop. 1,161.
Chateau-briant, X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Lower-Loire ; 27 SSE. Rennes,
32 N. Nantes. Lon. 1. 17. W. Lat. 47. 44. N.
Pop: 3,049.
Chateau Cambresis, see Cateau Cambresis.
Chateau Chalons, t France, in Jura ; 6- N.
Lons-le-Saunier. Fop. 641.
Chateau Chinon, X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Nyevre, situated near the
source of the Yonne ; 16 WNW. Autun, 32 E.
Nevers. Lon. 4. 0. E, Lat. 47. 4. N. Pop.
3,156. It has considerable trade in cloth, leather,
wood, and wool.
Chateau Cornet, fortress, isl. of Guernsey. '<•
Chateau Dauphine, strong fortressjTiedmont,
in the marquisate of Saluzzo ; 15 W. Saluzzo,
30 SSW. Turin. Lon. 7. 10. E. Lat 44. 33. N.'
Chateau-dun, or Dun sur Loire, X. France,
principal place of a district, in Eure-and-Loir ;
25 S. Chartres. Lon. 1. 25. E. Lat 48. 4. N.
Pop. 6,146. It is well built, situated on an
eminence, near the Loir, and its neighbour
hood produces excellent cider.
Chateau-fort, X. France, in Siene-and-Oise ;
5 NE. Chevreuse.
Chateaugay, or Chatauga, p-t. Franklin co.
N.Y. ; 10 E. Malone, 32 NNW. Plattsburg, W.
586. Pop. 828.
Chateaugay, r. N. Y., in Franklin co. which
runs into the St. Lawrence, opposite to the isl
and of Montreal. A battle was fought On the
banks of this river between the Americans and
Canadians, Oct 26, 1813.
Chateau Gay, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 3
SW. Riom.
Chateau Gerard, X. France, Yonne ; 14 SSE.
Tonnerre. Chateau Giron, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine;
4 WNW. La Guerche, 7 SE. Rennes. Pop. 1,473.
Chateau Gombert, t. France, Mouths-of-the-
Rhone ; 4 NE. Marseilles.
Chateau Gontier, X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Mayenne, on the -May
enne ; 15 S. Laval, 15 W. Sable. Lon. 0. 38.
W. Lat. 47. 50. N. Pop. 4,834. It has manu
factures of linen and woollen, and some trade
in wax ; also a provincial academy, having
sometimes 500 students.
Chateau d'lf, fortress and three small islands,
near the coast of France, in the Mediterrane
an ; 3 WSW. Marseilles.
Chateau Joux, fortress, France, in the de
partment of Doubs, near Pontarlier.
Chateau London, X. France,- in Seine-and-
Marne ; 7 S. Nemours, 18 SSW. Montereau.
Fop. 1,960. It contains 3 parishes.
Chateau Laudren, t. France, in North Coasts ;
7 WNW. St. Brieux.
Chaleau-lin, X. France, principal place of a
district, in Finisterre ; 12 N. Quimper. Lon. 4
1. W. Lat. 48. 12. N. Pop.. 3,172. The inhabi
tants cany on a considerable trade in slates for
covering houses. In the environs are a medi
cinal spring, and some mines of copper and
iron. :

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377

CHA

Chateau du Loir, t. France, and principal
place of a district, in Sarte ; 21 NNW. Tours,
21 SSE. Le Mans. Lon. 0. 30. E. Lat. 47. 41.
N. Pop. 2,652. In the environs is made a great
deal of the wine, called Claret.
Cliateau Lombard, fortress A. Turkey; in Ca
ramania ; 104 SSW. Cogni.
Chateau en Marche, X. France, LoweivSeine ;
6 N. Montvilliers.
Chateau Meillant, t. France, and principal
place of a district, in Cher, with an ancient
castle ; 24 SSE. Issoudun, 31 S. Bourges. Lon.
2. 17. E. Lat. 46. 34. N. Pop. 2,238.
Cliateau Neuf, t. France, in Cote-d'Or ; 17
SW. Dijon.
Chateau Neuf, X. France, & principal place of
a district, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 6 W.LaFleche,
13 N. Angers. Lon. 0. 25. W. Lat. 47. 41. N.
Pop. 916.
Chateau Neuf t. France, Var ; 3 NE. Grasse.
Chateau Neuf, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ;
7 S. St. Malo. Pop. 539. .
Chateau Neuf, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire >
9 ESE. Marcigny.
Chateau Neuf, t. France, in Loiret ; 12 E.
Orleans. Pop. 3,127.
Chateau Neuf, t. France, in Upper- Vienne ;
17 SE. Limoges. Pop. 1,154.
Chateau Neuf sur Charente, t. France, in
Charente ; 10 WSW. Angoulesme. Pop. 2,184.
Chateau Poinsat, t; France, in Upper Vienne ;
18 N. Limoges. Pop. 3,823.
Chateau Portien, X. France, in Ardennes ; 6
W. Rethel. Pop. 1,027.
Chateau Regnault, X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Indre-and-Loire ; 15 NE.
Tours, 18 W. Blois. Pop. 2,518.
Chateau Renard, X. France, in Loiret ; 13 SW.
Sens, 13 E. Montargis. Pop. 2,088.
Chateau Renard, t France, in Mouths-of-the-
Rhone ; 9 NE. Tarascon. Pop. 3,272. It is cel
ebrated for its excellent white wine.
Chateau Renard, t. France, in Ardennes ; 10
NW. Sedan.
Chateau Richer, X. Canada, on the St. Law
rence ; 18 NE. Quebec.
Chaieaugai, r. Canada, which runs into the
St. Lawrence, Lon. 73. 28. W. Lat. 45. 25. N.
Chateau Salins, X. France; Si principal place
of a district, in Meurte ; so called from the salt
works, which are very extensive ; 15 NE. Nan
cy, 21 SE. Metz. Lon. 6. 35. E. Lat. 48. 49. N.
Pop. 2,1 19.
Chateau Thierry, t. France, principal place of
a district, in Aisne, on the Marne ; 6 posts W.
Epernay, 12 NNE. Paris. Lon. 3. 29. E. Lat.
49. 3. N. Pop. 4,160. Near it is a medicinal
spring. — Native, La Fontaine.
Chateau Vieux, t. France, in Rhone ; 8 SW.
Lyons. Chateau la Vallier, X. France, in Indre-and-
Loire ; 15 N. Langeais. Pop. 678.
Chateau Villain, X. France, in Isere; 16 E.
Vienne. Chateau Villain, X. France, in Upper-Marne ;
16 WNW. Langres. Pop. 1 ,341 .
Chateauneuf, t. France, in Higher Alps ; 10
S. Serres.
Chateauneuf, t. France, in Cher ; 13 ESE.
Issoudun, 14 S. Bourges. Pop. 1,719.
Vol. L 48

Chateauneuf du Faou,X. France, in Finisterre';
16 NE. Quimper. Pop. 2,163-
Chateauneuf de Galaure, t. France, in Drome ;
13 N. Romans.
Chateauneuf de Mazenc, t. France, in Drome;
9 E. Montelimart
Chateauneuf du Pope, t France, in Mouths-
of-the-Rhone ; 9 N. Avignon. Pop. 1,118.
Chateauneuf de Randon, X. France, in Lozere ;
12 NE. Mende. Pop. 2,187.
Chateauneuf de Rhdne, t. France, on E. side
of the Rhone, opposite to Viviers.
Chateauneuf en Thimerais, X. France, Si .prin
cipal place of a district, in Eure ; 12 S. Dreux,
13 NW. Chartres. Lon. 1. 20. E. Lat. 48. 35. N.
Pop. 1,271.
Chateauneuf, au Val de Bargis, t. France, in
Nyevre ; 10 NE. Charite.
Chateauroux, t. France, capital of Indre, sit
uated in a fertile country, on the Indre ; 15
posts N. Limoges, 32 SSW. Paris. Lon. 1. 46.
E. Lat. 46. 49. N. Pop. 8,428. Here is a large
woollen manufacture. It. contains 4 churches,
a publ'-c library, and a botanic garden.
Chateauroux, t. France, in Higher Alps ; 5 N.
Embrun. Chateen, t. Little Bukharia.
Chalet, or Chati, t. France, in Ardennes ; 6
SE. Grandpre.
Chatel, t. France, in Vosges, on the Moselle,
and district of Epinal. Pop. 1,165.
Chatel Censoy, t. France, in Yonne ; 12 W.
Avalon. Fop. 1,016.
Chatel Gmon, v. France, in Puy-de-Dome ;
3 N. Riom ; celebrated for its mineral water.
Chatel sur Mozelle, X. France, in Vosges ; 10
E. Mirecour. Pop. 1,200.
Chatel de Neuve, t. France, in Allier ; 10 S.
Moulins. Chatelandrun, X. France, in North-Coasts; 10
WNW. St. Brieux. Pop. 900.
Chaleldon, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 18
ENE. Riom. Pop. 1,647.
Chatelet, X. Neth., in Hainaut, on the Sam-
bre ; 13 W. Namur, 24 W. Mons. Lon. 4. 40. E.
Lat. 50. 25. N. Pop. 1,920.
Chatelet, (Le,) t. France, in Seine-and-
Marne ; 6 E. Melun. Pop. 1,004.
Chatelleroult, X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Vienne ; 5 posts NNE. Poitiers,
44 SSW. Paris. Lon. 0. 37. E. Lat. 46. 49. N.
Pop. 8,193. It is situated on the Vienne. The
principal employment is in making clocks and
cutlery. , , Chatellet, (Le,) t. France, in Cher ; 6 NNE.
Chateau Meillant. Pop. 1,200.
ChatellulB, t. France, in Creuse ; 12 SW.
Boussac. Pop. 330. i
Chatallux-le-Marchieux, t. France, in Creuse ;
5 NE, Bourganeuf. >
Chotenay, X. France, in Seine ; 6 S. Paris.
Chatenois, t. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 3 W
Schelestat Pop. 2,748.
Chatenoy, t. France, in Vosges ; 6 SE. Neuf-
chateau. Pop. 1,122.
Chater, r. Eng., which joins the Welland, near
Stamford. Chatham, co. central part of ,N. C. Pon. in
1810, 12,097; slaves, 3,635. Pop. in {soo
12,661. Chief town, Pittsborough ^

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Chatham, co. E. part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810,13,540; slaves, 10,752. Fop: in 1820,
19,948. Chief town, Savannah.
Chatham, t. Coos co. N. H. ; 87 N. Ports
mouth.' Pop. 298.
Chatham, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass., in SE.
extremity ' of the state ; 20 E. Barnstable, 85
SE. Boston, W. 508. Pop. 1,630. This town
is remarkable for many shipwrecks on its
shores. The inhabitants are employed chiefly
ih the fisheries.
Chatham, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct., on E. side
of the Connecticut, opposite to Middietown ;
17 S. by E. Hartford. Pop. 3,159. The prin
cipal harbour is at Middle Haddam landing, 6
miles below the city of Middietown. From
this place large quantities of wood and timber
are shipped for New York and Long Island.
Ship building has frequently been carried' on
here to considerable extent. In this town are
inexhaustible quarries of red free-stone, called
Connecticut stone. It is easily wrought, and
valuable for building. Great quantities are an
nually obtained from the quarry, and sent to
most of the principal cities in the Union.
Chatham, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 18 NE.
Hudson, W- 373. Pop. 3,372.
Chatham, p-t. Morris co. N. J., on the Passaic;
13 NW. Elizabethtown,-W. 228. Pop. 1,832.
Chatham, p-t Chester co. Pa.; W. 121.
Chatham, p-t.- Chesterfield co. S. C, on W.
side of the Great Pedee ; 15 NNE. Greenville,
150 NNE. Charleston, W. 436.
Chatham, X. U. Canada, on the river Thames ;
164 WSW. York.
Chatham, t. Eng., in Kent, on the Medway,
united to the city of Rochester, of ¦ which it is
considered a suburb; 30 E. London. Pop.
12,652. It is celebrated for its dock. An im
mense quantity of naval stores of all kinds are
kept ready in magazines and warehouses, ar
ranged in such regular order, that whatever is
wanted may be procured without the least con
fusion. Above 20 forges are constantly at.work ;
anchors are- made, some of which weigh 5 tons.
In the rope-house, which is, 700 feet iri length,
cables have been made 120 fathoms long, and
22 inches round. The dock-yard is about a
mile long ; the sail loft 209 feet in length, and
large store rooms, one of which is 658 feet long.
Here isa'hospitai for decayed seamen and their
widows. The town is defended by Fort Pitt,
and very extensive fortifications, called the
lines, and, with the exception of Portsmouth,
Chatham is considered the most regular and
complete fortress in Great Britain.
Chatham Four Corners, p-v. Columbia CO.
N. Y. ; 26 SE. Albany, W. 346.
Cliatham Bay, or Punjo Bay, bay on SW.
coast of East Florida, in the gulf of Mexico.
Lon. 81. 30. W. Lat. 25. 30. N.
Chatham House, station, N. A., belonging to
the Hudson's bay company. Lon. 98. W. Lat.
55. 24. N. '
Chatham Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 183.10. E. Lat. 44. S.
Chatham Sound, spacious channel or sound
of the S. Pacific ocean, between the islands of
Hundas and Stephens, and-Wi coast of N. A.
Chatham Strait, channel-of the North Pacific

oceau, on the coast of N. A., between king
George the Third's Archipelago and Admiralty
island'; rather more than 100 miles in length
from N. to S. This strait Mr. Whidbey consid
ers as likely to be one of the most profitable
places for procuring the skins of the sea-otter
on the whole coast.
Chati, or Khali, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, near
the Persian gulf; 80 NE. Lachsai
Chatillon; t. France, Seine ; 4 SSW. Paris.
Glialilloto, t. France, in Dvome ; 10 NW. Ly
ons. Pop. 1,207.
Chatillon, X. Savoy, on lake Bourget; 15 N.:
Chambery. Chatillon, t. Piedmont, in Aosta, on the Doria
Baltea ; 9 SE. Aosta. Pop. 1$00:
Chatillon en Barois, t. France, in Nyevre; 8
NW: Moulins. Pop. 631.
Chatillon sous les Cotes, t. France, in Meuse ;
6 E. Verdun.
Chatillon sur Courtine, t. France, in Jura ; 7
E. Lons-le-Saunier.
Chatillon les Dombcs, X. France* Si principal
place of a district, in Ain ; 12 SW. Boiire en
Bresse. Lon. 6. 2. E. Lat. 46. 7-. N. Pop.
3,195. Chatillon sur Indre, t. France, and principal
place of a district, in Indre ; 1 1 SSE. Loches,
: 23 NW. Chateauroux. Lon. 1. 15. E. Lai. 46.
59. N. Pop. 2,609.
Chatillon sur Lbing, t France, in Loiret; 12
S. Montargis. Pop. 1,996.
Chatillon sur Loire, t. France, in Loiret ; 9
SE. Gien. Pop. 1,980.
Chatillon sur Marne, t. France, in Marne ; 9
WNW. Epernay. Pop. 1,002.
Chatillon de Michaille,X. France, in Ain ; 7 E.
Nantua.: Pop. 1,270.
Chatillon sur Saone, t. France, in Vosges ; 9
SE. La Marche. Pop. 5,976.
ChaliUon sur Seine, t France, principal place
of a district, in Cote-d'Or; 24 E. Tonnere, 38
NW. Dijon. Lon. 4. 36. E. Lat. 47. 51. N. Pop.
3,700. It is built on both sides of the Seine.
There are some iron forges in the neighbour
hood. Chatillon la Sevre, r. France, in Two-Sevres j
21 W. Thouars, 36 N. Niort. Fop. 512.
Chatillon en Vendelais, X. France, in Hle-and-
Vilaine; 6 N. Vitre.
Chatmel, t. Bengal ; 20 SE. Nattore.
Chatna, X. Bengal ; 56 NNW. Midnapour.
Lon. 86. 50. E. Lat. 23. 20. N.
Chatonnay, X. France, in Isere ; 15 E. Vienne,
22 SE. Lyons. Pop. 2,128.
Chatra, X. Hind., in Bahar; 18 S. Patna.
Chatre, (La,) t. France, h principal place of
district, in Indre ; 18 SSE. Chateauroux, 22 S.
Issoudon. Lon. 2. 4, E. Lat. 46. 35. N. Pop.
3,463. Here is a woollen manufacture, and the
| inhabitants carry on a large trade in cattle ; it
has 2 churches.
Chatroy, t. Hind., in EMore ; 20 N. Ellore.
Chatrum, X. Hind., Mysore ; 18 S. Bangalore.
. Chatteris, t. Eng., in Cambridgeshire ; 12
WNW. Ely, 71 N. London. Pop. 2,580.
Chatterpour, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 120 ESE.
Allahabad, 158 SE. Agra. Lon. 79. 57. E. Lat.
25. N, This place is large, and well built of
stone, but is muchta populous than formerly.-

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379

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Chatterton, t. -Eng., in Lancashire ; 7 NNE.
Manchester. Pop. 3,452.
Chattibarty, t. Hind., in Surgooja ; 20 NNE.
Surgooja. Chattour, X. Carnatic ; 16 SW. Madura.
Chain, r. N. A., which runs into lake Michi
gan, Lon. 85. 60. W. Lat. 86. 10. N.
Choli ali, t. Hind., in the Sewee country ; 60
WNW. Chatzan.
Chatzan, t. Hind., in the Sewee country ; 90
W. Moultan, 210 S- Cabul.
Cliau, t. Africa, in Sennaar; 20 SE. Giessin.
Chacaignes, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;
12 S. Angers. Fop. 1,622.
Chavanay, t France, in Loire, on the Rhone ;
21 S. Lyons. Pop. 1,815.
Chavanne, X. France, Ain ; 8 WNW. Botirg.
Charange, t. France, in Aube ; 18 E. Arcis
sur Aube.
Chauco Mayo,X. Peru, Lima ; 40 N. Xauxa.
Chaudeburg, v. France, in Moselle, celebrat
ed for its medicinal waters, near Thionville.
Chaudes Aigues, t. France, in Cantal, which
takes its name from a hot mineral spring ; 12
S. St. Flour. Pop. 2,040. The principal com
merce is in skins and glue.
Chaudiere, r. ^rhich rises in Maine, near the
sources of the Kennebeck, and runs N. into the
St. Lawrence, 6 miles above Quebec. Length
120 miles. Four miles above the entrance into
the St. Lawrence, the river has a remarkable
cataract of about 120 feet perpen dicular. The
width of the river, at the falls, is 240 feet.
Chaudron, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;
15 SW. Angers.
Cnanes, (an. Aqua Flavia,) X. Portugal, in
Tras-os-Montes, near the confines of Spain, de
fended by a castle, walls, and bastions, situated
on the Tamega ; 36 W. Braganca. Lon. 7. 14.
W. Lat. 41. 42. N. Pop. 3,650. Several ves
tiges exist of its ancient magnificence
ChaufaiUes, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire ;
12 E. Marcigny. Pop. 2,155.
Chaufontaine, v. Neth., in Liege, district of
Verviers. Pop. 625. Here are chalybeate
springs. Cliauk, t, Bengal ; 4 S. Goragot.
Chdukunday, X. Africa, near the river Gambia,
in the kingdom of Jemarrow.
Chaul, X. Hind., on the coast of Malabar, with
a good fort, and defended by a citadel ; 18 S.
Bombay. ,
Chdulan, t. Africa, in Fez ; 10 SE. Fez.
Chaulmes, t. France, in Somme ; 7 S. Pe-
ronne. Pop. 1,627.
Chaulnes, X. France, in Seine-and-Loire ; 20
ESE. Paris.
Chaumergny, X. France, Jura ; 9 W. Poligny.
Chaumont, p-v. Jefferson co. N.Y., in Browh-
ville, on E. end of Chaumont bay, which. ex
tends from the E. end of lake Ontario ; about
12 NW. Brownville.;village, 195 NW. Albany,
W. 487.
Chaumont, X. France, Si principal place of a
district, in Oise ; 13 SSW. Beauvais, 33 W. Sen-
lis. Lon. 1. 58. E. Lat 49. 15. N. Fop. 1,088.
It takes its name from an artificial mountain, on
which a fortress was built.
Chaumont, X. Savoy ; 6 NE. Seissel.
Chaumqnlyt. Neth.jin Luxemburg; 6 S. Bas-
togne.

Chaumont, t. France; in Ardennes ; 9 NNW.
Rethel. Pop. 900. ;
Chaumont sur Thaonne, t. France; in Loire-
and-Cher; 17 E. Blois. Pop. 040.
Chaumont, X. Piedmont, in Susa. Pop. 4,500.
Chaumont en Bdssigny, city, France, Si cap.
of Upper Maine, situated on a mountain, near
the river Marne ; 4 posts NNW. Langres, 29
ESE. Paris. Lon. 5. 14. E. Lat. 48. 7. N. Pop.
5,872. H. 1,100. It contains a botanic garden;
a cabinet of minerals and natural history, and
a library of 25,000 volumes, and has a manu
facture of coarse woollen cloth, and a consid
erable trade in deer and goat skins.
Chaumussy; X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ';
12 S. Loches.
Chawmuzy, t. France, Marne ; 8 SW. Reims.
Chaunay, t. France, Vienne ; 6 NW. Civray/.
Ghdunkey, t. Hind., in Bahar; 20 N. Bettiah.
Lon. 84. 36. E. Lat. 27. 3. N.
Chauno, X. Bengal ; 13 S. Koonda.
Chauny, t. France, and principal place of a
district, in Aisne, on the Oise ; 2 pOsts E. No-
yon^ N. Soissons. Lon. 3. 16. E. Lat. 49. 37.
N. Pop. 3,800.
Chawp, (La,) t. France, in Drome ; 16 E.
Lebuis. Chauques, small isl. in the S. Pacific ocean,
between the island of Chiloe and the coast of
Chili. Lat. 43. 20. S.
Chauriat, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 4NW.
Billpm. Chauriol, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome; 8 E.
Clermont. Chaust, or Cust, the most easterly and most
extensive province of Fez ; in general moun
tainous, stony, and unfruitful ; but in some pla
ces fertile, and capable of feeding numerous
herds of cattle.
Chaussey, small isl. in the English channel,
near the coast of France; 8 W. Granville. Lon.
1. 48. W. Lat. 48. 50. N.
Chaussin, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 9 S.
Dole. Pop. 1,103.
Chautlan, t. Mexico, in Chiapa. The inhabi
tants carry on a considerable trade in cocoa,
pottery, salt, and dates.
Chautra, t. Hind. ; 15 N. Agra.
Chauvigny, t. France, in Vienne, on the 'Vi
enne ; 12 E. Poitiers. Pop. 1,608.
Chaux, X. France, in Charente ; 20 SW. An-
goulesme. H. 500.
Chaux de Fondsflarge and beautiful village,
Switz., in Neufchatel; 9 NNW. Neufchatel.
Pop. 2,900. It is the capital of a jurisdiction,
which produces a very little corn, but feeds a
great number of cattle. The inhabitants are
industrious, and annually export from 10, to
16,000 watches of gold and silver.
Chaya, X. Hind., Malwa ; 28 SSW. Seronge.
Chayabibas, t. S. A., in Quito ; 80 WSW, St.
Yago de la Laguna.
Chayanta, see Choreas.
Chayenne, see Chyenne.
Chaynpour, t. Hind., in Bahar; 22 W. Sasse-
ram. Lon. 83. 43. E. Lat. 25. 3. N.
Chazay, X. France, in Rhone; 8 NW. Lyons
Pop. 605. J
I Chazay, X. France, in Rhone ; 8 NW. Lyons
[ Chazelet, t. France, in Indre ; 7 SSW Ar
genton.

CHA

380

CHE

Chassellcs, t. France, in Loire ; 21 WSW.
Lyons. Pop. 2,364.
Chazy, p-t. Clinton co. N. Y., W. lake Cham
plain; 183 N.Albany, W. 529. Pop. in 1810,
1,466 ; in 1820, 2,313.
Chazy, r. Clinton co. N. Y., which runs into
lake Champlain, in NE. corner of the county.
Length 50 miles.
Che, t. China, of the third rank, in Honan ;
36 WNW. Se.
Cheadle, X. Eng., in Staffordshire, in a country
abounding with coal ; 15 NE. Stafford, 146
NNW. London. Lon. 2. W. Lat. 53. N. Pop.
3,191. There are very extensive copper, brass,
and tin works in the neighbourhood.
Cheadle Bulkeley, t. Eng., in Cheshire ; 3 SW.
Stockport. Pop. 2;509. Adjoining is Cheadle
Moseley, with 1,290 inhabitants.
Cheall, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 22 SE. Lahore.
Cheapo, r. America, which runs into the bay
of Panama, 30 E. Panama. This is a consid
erable river, but the entrance is unsafe for
ships, on account of the shoals.
Cheapo, t. America, in Panama, on the river
Cheapo. The chief support of the inhabitants
is feeding cattle.
Cheat, r. Virginia, which runs into the Mo
nongahela, 5 N. Morgantown.
Chebacco, see Essex.
Chebbe, see Egra.
Cheber Sebz, see Kech.
Chebib, or Tellitz, mt. Africa, in Fez, on
which are several towns.
Chebucto Bay, bay on SE. coast of Nova
Scotia, near the head of which stands the city
of Halifax. Lon. 63. 31. W. Lat. 44. 40. N.
Cheburgan, X. Persia, in Chorasan, near the
Jihon. It was taken by Timur Bee.
CAeco, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 17 SSE.
Molino. Checay, X. New Mexico, in Cinaloa ; 54 NW.
Cinaloa. Che-cheou, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang, on the river Yang-tse ; 32 ENE. Fong.
Chechmeband, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 70 NW.
Zareng. Chechmurat, t. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 200
NE. Tabris.
Chechy, or Chelsy, X. France, in Loiret; 6E.
Orleans. Pop. 1,600.
Checmansik, t. Natolia ; 12 E. Scalanova.
Checo, t. Thibet; 70 SSE. Lassa. .*.
Checo, or Keeio, or Tong-tow, X. Asia, Si cap.
of Tonquin, situated on the river Sonkoi, 100
miles from its mouth. See Cachao.
Che-eong, t. China, df the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 10 SE. Tong-tchouen.
Chedabueto Bay, bay at the eastern extremity
of Nova Scotia. Lon. 61. 0. W. Lat 45. 25. N.
Chedder, v. Si parish, Eng., in Somerset ; 7
NW. Wells. Pop. 1,276. It is celebrated for its
cheese. ,
Chede, or Citti, t. Cyprus, on S. coast ; 10 S.
Larnic. Cheduba, isl. in the bay of Bengal, near the
coast of Ava, 30 miles long, and 9 wide, Lon.
93. 38. E. Lat. 18. 51. N.
Clieebuco, t. Hind., in Oude ; 25 SSE. Bah
raitch. Cheego Hills, hills, Hind., near S. coast of
tire country of Cutch.

Cheego Muddi, t. Hind., in the country of
Cutch, at the mouth of the river Caggar ; 22
SW. Boogebooge. Lon. 68. 42. E. Lat 23. 5. N.
It is the port of Boogebooge, and has consider
able trade.
Cheek's Cross Moads, p-v. Hawkins co. Ten
nessee ; W. 503.
Cheena-chin,X. Thibet ; 8 S. Jemlah. Lon,
81. 37. E. Lat. 30. 27. N.
Cheera, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 8 NE. Bopaltol.
Cheeran, t. Hind., in Bahar, on the Ganges ; 9
ESE. Chupra, 18 W. Patna.
Cheesadawd, lake, N. A., about 70 miles in
circ. Lon. 106. W. Lat. 63. 15. N.
Cheesapany, X. h fort, Nepaul. Lon. 85. 30.
E. Lat. 27. 23. N.
Cheetapour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 10 NW. Kair
abad. Lon. 81. E. Lat 27.35. N.
Cheatmow, t. Bengal ; 28 S. Palamow.
. Che-fang, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
cchuen; lONW.Han.
Chef-Boutonne, t France, in Two-Sevres; 8
S. Melle. Pop. 1,422.
Chefete-kan, t. Caramania ; 100 E. Cogni.
Cheffes, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 9N.
Angers. H. 220.
Chegford, or Chagford, t. Eng., in Devon ; 15
W.Exeter. Pop. 1,197.
Chegiasar, t. Persia, in Irak ; 100 WSW. Ha-
madan. Chegoimegon, or Sandy Point, long, narrow,
and sandy peninsular, in SW. part of lake Su
perior, NW. Territory. — On the west side lies

Chehereston, t. Persia, in Irak, E. of Ispahan,
to which it appears as a fauxbourg.
Chejou, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 50 E. Jallindar.
Cheiro, small isl, in the Grecian Archipelago.
Lon. 25. 38. E. Lat. 36.55. N.
Cheito, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 120 S. Shiras.
Cheitore, t. Hind., in the circar of Oudipour ;
43 N. Oudipour, 76 S. Agimere. Lon. 74, 55. E.
Lat. 25. 22. N. It was formerly one of the
principal fortresses of India, and residence of
the Rana, chief of the Rajpoots, now removed
to Oudipour. It is situated on a very high
mountain, and said to be 8 miles in circ, sur
rounded with towers and bastions ; and from
the foot of the mountain to the top, said to be 4
miles. A barrier of 7 gates must be passed. It
is now nearly deserted, and become a resort of
tigers and other beasts of prey.
Cheiwan, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 40 S. Saade.
Che-kang, X. China, of the third rank, in Ki-
ang-nan ; 33 ESE. Tchi-tcheou.
Cheki, t. Georgia, between Teflis and the
Kur. Chekoutimis Indians, indians of Canada, on
the coast of the river Saguenay.
Chekwall, t. Hind., Lahore ; 90 NW. Lahore.
Che-leou, t. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si ; 42 SW. Fuen-tcheou.
Chelicut, X. Abyssinia, in Tigre ; 8 E. Antalo.
Lon. 40. 37. E. Lat. 13. 22. N. It has of late
been the occasional residence of the sovereign,
and is chiefly distinguished for its church,
which is one of the finest in Abyssinia; com
posed of three concentric walls, and the inside
adorned with numerous paintings.
Chelimcotta, see Challamcotally.
Chelindrek, see Celindro.

CHE

381

CHE

Chelles, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 12
WSW. Meaux.
Chelm, X. Poland, in Lublin, formerly capital
Of a palatinate of the same name ; 108 SE. War
saw, 396 E. Breslaw. Lon. 23. 24. E. Lat 50.
57. N. Pop. 900. H. 400. Greek bp. see. It
has a castle, a cathedral, and a Reformed
church, but is very much decayed. — On 8th
June 1794, the Poles were defeated by the
Prussians, near this town.
Chelmer, r. Eng., which runs into the sea, a
little belofy Maiden.
Chelmicz, X. Rus., in Minsk ; 50 E. Mozyr.
Chelmsford, p-t.' Middlesex co. Mass., on S.
side of the Merrimack ; 24 NW. Boston, W.
462. Pop. in 1810, 1,396 ; in 1820, 1,535. Mid
dlesex canal commences here, near the head of
which there is a manufactory of glass. Large
quantities of beautiful granite, much used in
building, are obtained in this town, and trans
ported down the canal, to Boston and its vi
cinity. Chelmsford, (an. Cesaromagus,) X. Eng., and
principal town of Essex, situated at the conflux
Of the Chelmer and the Can ; 22 W. Colchester,
29 E.London. Lon. 0.34. E. Lat. 51.44. N.
Pop. 4,649. Here the assizes and the quarter
sessions for the county are held, and members
of parliament for the county are chosen. The
market is held every Friday.
Chelmsee, see Culmensee.
Chelmze, t. Prussia, in Culm ; 8 SE. Culm.
Chelm, t. Brandenburg ; 'NW. Salzwedel.
Chelow, see Schilu.
Chelsea, p-t Si cap. Orange co. Vt., 24 SSE.
Montpelier, W. 505. Pop. in 1810, 1,327 ; in
1820, 1,462.
Chelsea, X. Suffolk co. Mass. ; 6 NE. Boston.
It is connected With Charleston by a bridge.
Lon. 71. 0. W. Lat. 42. 25. N. Pop. in 1810,
594; in 1820,642.
Chelsea Landing, p-v. in Norwich, Ct, at the
confluence of the rivers Shetucket and Nor
wich. It is the port or landing of the city, and
contains about 200 houses ; 2 S. Norwich, 14
N. New London, W. 371.
Chelsea, v. Si parish, Eng., in Middlesex, on
N. side of the Thames ; 1 J W. London. Pop.
18,262. Here stands the great national asylum
for decayed and maimed soldiers, Chelsea hos
pital, being the noblest building, and one of the
best foundations of the kind in Europe. It
stands near the river, and is built of brick, ex
cept the ornamental parts, which are of free
stone. The principal building is a large quad
rangle, open on the south side ; the east and
west wings are each 365 feet long ; the whole
length from east to west 790 feet. The yearly
expense of the house establishment, defrayed
by annual grant of parliament, varies from
£27,000 to £30,000. Connected with the hos
pital is a royal military asylum, founded in
1801, for the education and maintenance of
soldiers' children. Here is a physic garden,
and a place of public resort, called Ranelagh.
Chelt, i. Eng., which rises in Gloucestershire,
and passes by Cheltenham to the Severn.
Chelienham,X. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 783.
Cheltenham, t. Eng. in Gloucester, on the
Chelt; 10 ENE. Gloucester, 94 NW. London.

Lon. 2.4. W. Lat. 51.54. N. Pop. 8,325. It
is celebrated for its medicinal waters, and with
in a few years has become a place of public re
sort, and honoured with the residence ofthe royal
family in the year 1788. About 4,000 persons
during the summer visit the waters, which are
used as a laxative and restorative to invalids.
It has a weekly market on Thursday.
Chelva, or Xelva, t. Spain, in Valencia; 18
SW. Segorbe. Pop. 7,200.
Chelum, or Jlielum, navigable r. Asia, which'
flows through the country of Cashmere. It is
a principal branch of the Behat.
Chemach, or Kemach, X. A. Turkey, in S. part
of Caramania.
Chemal, X. Persia, in Chusistan; 110 S. Sus-
ter. Chemale, X. Natolia, 3 miles from Bergas.
The town is full of ancient ruins. At a place
called Lydia Hamam, 2 miles distant, there is
a granite column, 37 feet long, of one entire
stone. There are hot springs 2 miles distant.
Chemazi, X. France, in Mayenne; 4 SW.
CMteau Gontier. H. 300.
Chemchu Bay, bay on E. coast of Cochin-
China. Lon. 109. 1. E. Lat. 13. 36. N.
Che-men, X. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 20 SSW. Kia-hing.
Chemere, X. France, in Mayenne ; 13 SE.
Laval. H. 200.
Chemery, t. France, Ardennes; 7 S. Sedan,
Chemille, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire, on
the Iromme ; 10 NE. Chollet Pop. 3,1 12.
Chemin, r. America, which runs into lake
Michigan, Lon. 86. 35. W. Lat. 42. 15. N.
Cheminon, X. France, in Marne ; 10 E. Vitry
le Francois. Chemmis, now Aehmin.
Chemnitz, or Kemnitz, t. Saxony, capital of a
district, in Erzgebirg; 32 SW. Meissen, 36
WSW. Dresden. Lon. 12. 50. E. Lat. 50. 45.
N. Pop. 10,835. H. 948. It contains 5 church
es, 2 hospitals, and a gymnasium with six class
es, and has considerable manufactures of can
vass, caps, stockings, Sic.
Chemnitz, r. Ger. which rises in Upper-Sax
ony, and runs into the Muldau, 5 NE. Penig!
Chemnitz, see Kamnitz.
Chemorchy, X. Bootan ; 50 S. Tassassudon.
Chemung, p-t. Tyoga co. N. Y. ; 10 SW. Spen
cer, 208 WSW., Albany, W. 308. Pop. 1,327.
It is watered by the Tioga, or Chemung river.
Chemung in the Indian language is said to sig
nify Big Horn, or Horn in. the Water.
Chenac, X. France, in Lower Charente ; 14
SW. Saintes. H. 280.
Chenal Ecarte, isl. in N. part of Lake St.
Clair, in Canada. It contains 300 acres.
Chenango, co. N.Y., bounded N. by Madison
co., E. by Otsego and Delaware cos., S. by
Broome co., W. by Broome and Courtland cos.
Pop. in 1810,21,704; in 1820, 31,215. Chief
town, Norwich.
Chenango, p-t. h cap. Broome co. N.Y., on
the Susquehanna ; 40 SW. Norwich, 63 S. Man-
lius, 148 WSW. Albany, W 295. Pop. in 1810,
1,420 ; in 1820, 2,626. See Binghampton.
Chenango, r N.Y. which runs SSW. through
Chenango co., and joins the Susquehanna, 18
E. Oswego. Length 90 miles.

CHE

382

CHE

Chenango Forks, p-v. Broome co. N. Y. ; 155
WSW. Albany, W. 306.
Chenay, X. France, in Two-Sevres; 8 SE.
St. Maixent. Pop. 1,100.
Chenco Bay, on W. coast, of Sumatra. Lon.
100. 10. E. Lat. 1.11. S.
Chencour, or Chemkon, X. Armenia, on the
frontiers of Georgia, which has a beautiful
castle, grand caravanseras, and several mosques;
160 NE. Erivan.
Chendi, or Chandi, X. Africa, in Nubia, on the
Nile, the capital of a district, containing about
250 houses. Lon. 33. 25. E. Lat. 16. 39. N.
Chendereycaconda, X. Hind, in Mysore-; 3 W.
Chinna Balabaram.
Chendoul, r. Cabulistan, which runs into the
Kameh, 25 E. Paishawur.
Chene, X. Switz. in Geneva, on the Arve;
E. Geneva. Pop. 2,606.
Cliine Populeux, (Le,) t. France, in Arden
nes ; 16 S. Mezieres. Pop. 1,200.
Chenebrun, t. France, in Eure ; 24 S. Evreux.
Chenerailles, t. France, in Creuse ; 9 N. Au-
busson. Pop. 709.
Chenerelh, see Tabaria.
Cheneroypatam, X. Hind, in Mysore ; 30 NW.
Seringapatam. Chines, r. Plaquemines parish, La., which
runs SE. into Black lake.
Chenel, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 100 SW.
Cogni. Chenga, see Tschenga.
Chen-in, X. Corea ; 30 WNW. Tsintcheou.
Chenipoltan, X. Carnatic ; 32 N. Nellore.
Chenock, X. Hind, in Allahabad ; 20 SE. Jion-
pour. Chenonceau, X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ;
6 SE. Amboise.
Chenoye, (La,) X. Canada, on the left bank of
the St. Lawrence. Lon. 73. 20. W. Lat. 45.
45. N.
Chen-si, pr. China, bounded E. by the Hoang-
ho', which separates it from Chan-si; S. by
Se-tchuen and Hou-quang, N. by Tartary and
the great wall, and west by the country of the
Monguls. Chen-si is one of the most extensive
provinces of the empire. This province in ge
neral is very fertile, commercial, and rich. It
is divided into two parts, the eastern and west
ern ; and contains 8 fou, or cities of the first
class, and 106 of the second and third. Accor-
-ding to the calculation of sir George Staunton,
the number of inhabitants amounts to 30 mil
lions. Sin-gan is the capital.
Chen-tang, see Tsien-tang.
Chen-yang, or Moug-den, city, Chinese Tar
tary, and capital of a district, in the country of
the Mantchew Tartars ; 54 ENE. Peking. Lon.
122. 10. E. Lat. 41. 40. N. It is situated on
an eminence. The Mantchew Tartars have
been at great pains to ornament it with several
public edifices, and to provide it with maga
zines of arms and store-houses. They consider
it as the principal place of their nation.
Chen-yang, district, Chinese Tartary, com
prehending what was called Leao-tong, and
extending as far as the great wall, which bounds
it on the S.
Chenzini, or Chinling, X. Poland, in Sando
mirz; 16 E. Malagocz. Pop. 1,500. Near it

are mines of silver and lead, and quarries of
marble. Cheou, t. China, of the second rank in Kiang-
nan; 455 S. Peking. Lon. 116. 23. E. Lat.
32. 34. N.
Cheou-quang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chang-tong; 15 NE. Tcin-tcheou.
Cheou-tching, X. China, of the third rank, in
Fo-kein ; 62 NE. Kiennhing.
Che-ou-tchang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang; 15 SW. Yen-tcheou.
Cheou-tchang, X. China,, of the third rank, in
Chang-tong; 27 NE. Po.
Cheou-yang, t. China, in Chan-si ; 10 E. Tai-
yuen. Chepanny, t. Hind, in Candeish ; 10 E. Hindia.
Chepelio, small isl. in the gulf of Panama ;
18 miles from Panama.
Chepido, X. Paros, on E. coast; near it, on an
eminence close to the sea, is the castle of Ke-
falo. Che-ping, t. China, of the third rank, inKoei-
tcheou; 15 W. Tchi-yuen.
Che-ping, city, China, of the second rank, in
Yun-nan; 1,230 SSW. Peking. Lon. 102. 10.
E. Lat. 23. 49. N.
Chepo, or St. Christoval de Cliepo, X. S. A. in
Darien, on a river of the same name ; 27 E.
Panamo. Chepoor, t. in the isthmus of Darien. Lon. 77.
50. W. Lat. 10. 42. N.
Chepstow, s-p. Eng. in Monmouth, situated
near the mouth of the Wye, over which is a
bridge of stone and timber ; 28 SW. Gloucester,
134 WNW. London. Lon. 2. 36. W. Lat. 51.
42. N. Pop. 2,581. It is well built, and has a
beautiful and romantic situation, and was for
merly walled round, and defended by a castle,
part of which remains.
Chequatan, or Segutanato, t. Mexico, in Me
choacan. Chequiligasta, t. S. A. in Tucuman ; 18 SSE.
St. Miguel de Tucuman.
Cher, r. France, which rises near Auzance,
in Creuse, passes by Montlucon, Ainay le Vieux,
St. Amand, Chateauneuf, St. Florent, Vierzon,
Menetou, Villefranche, Chabris, Selles, St. Aig-
nan, Montrichard, Blere, Sic, and joins the
Loire a few miles below Tours.
Cher, dep. France, bounded on N. by Loiret,
E. by Nyevre, from which it is separated by
the Allier, S. by Allier, and W. by Indre-and-
Loire ; it takes its name from the river Cher,
whichcrosses apart of it. It is divided into 3 ar-
rondissements, Bourges, the capital, St. Amam,
and Sancerre. Pop. 228,158. Sq. ih. 2,815.
Cherac, X. France, in Lower-Charente ; 34
S. Saintes. Pop. 1,800.
Cherasco, X. Piedmont, in Mondovi, capital of
a county, situated on a mountain, at the con
flux of the Stura with the Tanaro ; 15 E. Sa
luzzo, 20 SSE. Turin. Lon. 7. 55. E. Lat. 44.
42. N. Pop. 11,166. Cherasco is considered
as the key and boulevard of Savoy, being situ
ated on the frontiers of Piedmont, Montferrat,
and Milan; and strong both by art and nature.
It has 7 parish churches, 4 within the walls, and
3 without. — The comte is about 9 miles in dia
meter ; the land is fertile, the plains producing
great plenty of corn, and the hills, which are of

CHE

383

CHE

various heights, produce wine, both good, and
in quantities for exportation.
Cheraw, p-v. Darlington district, S. C. ; 101
Columbia, W. 436.
Cheraw Hills, S. C. on W. side of the Great
Pedee ; 10 NW. Greenville.
Cherburg, or Cherbourg, s-p. France, in Chan
nel ; 10 posts N. Coutances, 41 WNW. Paris.
Lon. 1. 37. W. Lat. 49. 39. N. Pop. 11,389.
It is situated at the bottom of a large bay, be
tween cape Barfleur and cape la Hogue. Build
ing of small vessels, and a manufacture of wool
len stuffs, form the principal employment of the
inhabitants. This port has always been consi
dered by the French as an object of great im
portance in the navigation of the English chan
nel, and immense sums have been expended in
the erection of piers, deepening and enlarging
the harbour, and erecting fortifications. After
the peace of 1783, the French government de
termined to make Cherburg a great naval de
pot, and at different attempts, before 1808, ex
pended more than £2,000,000 in constructing a
vast bulwark, to break the water, rendering the
road a safe anchorage. Afterwards, under Bo
naparte, a basin was formed 1,000 feet long,
770 wide, occupying 18 acres; having a
depth of 50 feet, and capable of containing 60
sail of the line. In addition to this, a wet dock
has been constructed of equal dimensions.
The cost of the basin and dock was nearly
£5,000,000. Cherchesene, X. Curdistan ; 62 S. Kerkut.
Chercot, t. Hind, in Golconda ; 8 NW. Ra-
chore. Chercoucliy, X. Carnatic ; 24 NNE. Tanjore.
Chercy, X. France, in Yonne ; 12 W. Sens.
Cheren-tabanan, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon.
119. 33. E. Lat. 41. 32. N.
Cherepe, X. Peru, in Truxillo, near the Pacific
ocean; 25 SSE. Lambayeque. Lat. 7. S.
Cheribon, principality, Java, E. of Jacatra.
Lon. 108. 35. E. Lat. 6. 46. S. It is divided
into 9 districts, and contains about 90,000 fixed
inhabitants, besides strangers. This country is
divided between two princes, both of whom
are feudatories of the Dutch East-India com
pany. The productions are coffee, timber, cot
ton yarn, areca, indigo, sugar, and also a little
pepper : this last article formerly grew here in
such abundance, that in the year 1680, the
bhar of 375 lbs. was paid for, at the rate of no
more than ten Spanish dollars.
Cheribon, Sheribon, or Tcheribon, X. Java,
capital of the principality of the same name ;
170 E. Batavia. It is situated at the bottom of
a deep bay, and was formerly a station of some
importance. Cheribon Reef reef in the E. Indian Sea,
near N. coast of Java. Lon. 108. 34. E. Lat
6. 9. S.
Cheri Kiamen, post of Chinese Tartary ; 15
SE. PetouneHotum
Cheri-Oujou, t. Chinese Tartary; 8 S. Geho.
Cherin, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 50 E. Sivas.
Cherith, rivulet, Syria, E. of the Jourdan,
which it joins below Bethsan.
Cherium, now Chieri.
Cherkes, walled town, A. Turkey , 45 W.
Tosia.

Clierkes, t. Cyprus, the residence of an agfl
and a cadi ; 12 NE. Nicosia.
Cherki, t. Hind., Ballogistan; lOSW.Dadani.
Chermansik, t. Natolia ; 30 NNE. Miletus.
Chermelick, t. Diarbekir ; 20 WSW. Ourfa.
CAero, small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago.
Lon. 25. 40. E. Lab 36. 53. N.
Cherodga, t. Bengal ; 7 SSW. Toree.
Cherokee Comer, p-v. Oglethorpe co. Georgia;
8J miles from Athens, W. 675.
Cherokees, Indians, in the SE. part of Ten
nessee, NW. part of Georgia, and the NE. part
Alabama. The Tennessee river forms a part of
their northern boundary. The greatest length
of the Cherokee countiy is about 250 miles,
and the breadth from 100 to 150. Before the
late cession of a small portion of their territory,
the numberof acres was estimated at 15,054,720.
or 23,520 square miles. They have about 65
towns and villages, containing from 50 to 5C0
souls each. Since agriculture has been intro
duced among them, they Jive in a more dispers
ed manner than they formerly did. Their habr
itations are log cabins. Intermarriages have in
many instances taken place between the Cher
okees and the whites, who live among them or
in the neighbourhood, and some of the mixed
breed have large plantations, and carry on ag
riculture with more spirit and success than the
full blooded Cherokees. Pop. in 1809, 12,395 ;
males 6,116; females 6,279 ; negro slaves 583 ;
whites 341. Horses, 6,519 ; black cattle 19,165;
sheep 1,037 ; swine 19,778 ; grist mills 13, saw
mills 3; wagons 30 ; total value, including the=
slaves, estimated at #571,500.
The rivers of the country are the Tennessee ;
Sequotchee creek, Battle creek, and Crow
creek, which flow into the Tennessee from the-
N. ; Tellico, Hiwassee, Chickamaugah creek^
Lookout creek, Racoon creek, and Wills creek,.
flowing into it from the south ; the Coosa with.
its head branches Oostanaulee andEtowee, th&
Talapoosa, and the Chatahoochee.
The face of the countiy is diversified; part
mountainous, part hilly, and part very level.
The principal mountains are Cumberland moun
tains and Walden's Ridge, north of the Tennes
see ; south of the river are Lookout mountain
and Unicoi mountains. Racoon mountain and
others, of the Alleghany range are in the eas
tern part, — The soil in most of the low ground
and some of the upland, is very fertile. In the
low and marshy ground fever and ague pre
vails ; but in the upland country the climate is-
salubrious and delightful.
The Cherokees have made considerable at
tainments in the useful arts, particularly in the
manufacture of cotton and woollen cloth,, and
in agriculture. They have upwards of 500
looms and 500 ploughs. They generally adopt
the modes of dress common among white peo
ple, and are very neat and cleanly in theirper-
sons, and are universally in the practice of
bathing. They are well formed, in some in
stances possess fine countenances, have good
natural capacity, and are of hospitable charac
ter. The Moravians have a missionary amon»
them at Spring Place ; and the American Board
of Commissioners have also an establishment at
Brainerd; and schools have been established

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in various places. — Several years since a part
of the Cherokees emigrated to the Arkansas ter
ritory, and have settled on both sides of the
river Arkansas, 400 or 500 miles from its mouth,
occupying a fertile tract of country. Their
number is estimated at 6,000. A missionary
establishment has been formed among them at
Dwight See Brainerd, Dwight, Sic.
Cheronnac, X. France, in Charente ; 15 S.
Confolent. H. 230.
Cheroneea, ancient city in NW. part of Bce-
otia, famous for the Victory of Philip, over the
Athenians and Thebans, B. C. 338, the death
blow to Grecian liberty ; for the defeat of Mith-
ridates by Sylla, B. C. 85 ; and for the birth of
Plutarch ; 28 WNW. Thebes. Lon. 23. 25. E.
Lat. 38. 40, N. See Capranu.
Cheroneso, see Ceroneso.
Cheroniso, X. on NE. coast of Negropont ; 25
E. Negropont.
Cherowly, X. Hind., in Oude ; 36 SE. Etaya.
Cheroy, X. France, in 'Vonne; 10 W. Sens.
Pop. 984.
Cherriton, see Chariton.
Cherry Island, island, between Norway and
Greenland. Cherry Grove, p-t. St Clair co. Illinois ; 59
Vandalia, W. 843.
Cherry Plains, p-v. Wake co. N. C. ; W. 308.
Cherry Valley, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 14 NE.
Cooperstown, 53 W. Albany, W. 384. Pop. in
1810, 2,775; in 1820, 3,684. Here is a large,
handsome, and finely situated village, which
contains an academy, a meeting house, a print
ing office, and has considerable trade. The 1st,
2d, and 3d Western turnpikes meet here and
are intersected by other large roads.
Cherryfield, X. Washington co. Maine, watered
by the Narragaugus ; 30 W. Machias. Pop. 723.
Cherrytree, X. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 297.
Cherryville, p-v. Northampton co.Pa.; W.212.
Cherryville, p-t. Rapide, La. ; 325 New Or
leans, W. 1,395.
Cherso, or rather Cherso and Osero, (an.
Crepsa, Brigeide, Absyrlides, and Absyrtius,) isl.
in the gulf of Venice, subject to Austria, divid
ed into two parts. This island or islands lie
between the coast of Istria and Dalmatia, ex
tending from N. to S. about 60 miles in length,
with a very unequal breadth. The soil is in
general mountainous and stony, and produces
olives, wine, figs, silk, a little corn ; and is said
to support 70,000 sheep. Lon. 14. 36. E. Lat.
45. 8. N. Pop. 6,003. Sq. m. 160.
Cherso, s-p. Si capital of the island of Cherso,
in the Adriatic. Pop. 3,572. Bp. see. It is situ
ated behind a deep bay on the W. coast, which
almost divides the island nearly into equal parts,
forming a harbour capable of sheltering a nu
merous fleet. The streets are narro w and dirty .
The usual language is the Sclavonian.
Cherson, gov. Russia, bounded N. by Kiow
and Poltava, E. by Ekaterinoslav, and Taurida,
S. by the Black sea, SW. by Besserabia, and
W. by Moldavia. Pop. 300,000 ; or according
to other statements 499,000. Sq. miles about
19,000. Cherson, Kherson, or Koslov, X. Russia, capital
of a government of the same name, onthe Dnie
per, 60 m. above its mouth ; 128 SW. Ekateri

noslav, 812 S. Petersburg. Lon. 32. 54. E. Lat.
46. 40. N. The population of this town has
been veiy fluctuating ; about 10 years after its
foundation it is said to have contained nearly
50,000 ; while in . 1803, after the ruin of its
trade, there were not above 10,000. It was
founded as lately as 1778, chiefly by the exer
tions of prince Potemkin, made a free port,
and was expected to become the centre of the
commerce of the Black sea. But from the bad
choice of its situation, the difficulty of navigat
ing the Dnieper, and the unhealthiness of its
climate, it gradually fell into decline, and is
now completely eclipsed by the neighbouring
port of Odessa. It contains a dock for the con
struction of large vessels ; from which several
men of war and frigates, as well as merchant-
ships, have been launched. — The humane Mr.
Howard died in this town, on the 20th day of
January, 1790.
Chersonesus, or Chersonese, (Thracian,) pen
insula, W. of the Hellespont, and E. of the gulf
of Melas. It is about 60 miles long, and 7
broad. The isthmus is now called Erisso.
Chersonesus, now Peniscola.
Chersonesus Cimbrica, now Jutland.
Chersonesus Taurica, now Crimea.
Chersopoli, X. on E. coast of the island of
Corfu ; 5 S. Corfu.
Chertsey, X. Eng., in Surrey, near the banks
of the Thames ; 20 WSW. London. Lon. 0.
24. W. Lat 51. 23. N. Pop. 3,629. Here was
formerly an abbey, of which only part ot the
walls now remains. It has a market on Wed
nesday. Cherves, X. France, in Charente ; 3 NW. Cog
nac. Pop. 1,200.
Cherveux, X. France, in Two-Sevres ; 7 NE.
Niort. Pop. 1,215.
Cherugatta, t. Cochin ; 18 NE. Cranganore.
Cherwell, r. Eng., which rises in Warwick
shire, and runs into the Thames tit Oxford.
Chesapeake Bay, bay of United America, in
the states of Virginia and Maryland, and one
of the largest in the known world. Its entrance
is between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, 12
m. wide, and it extends 270 miles to the north
ward, dividing Virginia and Maryland. It is
from 7 to 20 miles broad, and generally as much
as nine fathoms deep ; affording many commo
dious harbours, and a safe and easy navigation.
It receives the waters of the Susquehanna, Po
tomac, Rappahannock, York, and James rivers,
which are all large and navigable.
Chesapedktown, p-v. Coccil co. Md. ; W. 100.
Chesham, X. Eng., in Bucks, with a weekly
market on Wednesday ; 10 SE. Aylesbury, 29
WNW. London. Lon. 0. 37. W. Lat 51. 42.
N. Pop. 2,071. The principal trade of the
town is in lace, shoes, and wooden-ware.
Cheshire, co. SW. part of N. H., bounded N.
by Grafton co., E. by Hillsborough co., S. by
Massachusetts, and W. by Vermont. Pop. in
1810, 40,988 ; in 1820, 45,376. Chief towns,
Charlestown, Keene, and Walpole.
Cheshire, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 17 NNE.
Lenox, 140 W. Boston, W. 404. Fop. 1,202. It
has a manufactory of window glass, and is cel
ebrated for its excellent cheese.
Cheshire, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct.; 13 N. New

CHE

385

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Haven, 25 SSW. Hartford, W.318. Pop. 2,281.
It is a pleasant town, comprises 2 Congrega
tional parishes, and contains an Episcopal.
church and an academy. The academy; styled :
the Episcopal Academy of Connecticut, incor
porated in 1801, is a very respectable institu
tion, has a fund of about #25,000, a library of
200 volumes, and usually about 70 students,
and is under the direction of a principal and a
Erofessor of languages. The anniversary is
eld on the 1st Wednesday in October.
Cheshire, co. Eng., bounded on N. by the
Irish sea and by the counties of Lancaster and
York, E. by the counties of Derby and Stafford,
S. by Salop, and W. by the counties of Flint
and Denbigh ; about 50 miles long and 25
broad ; divided into 7 hundreds, which contain
101 parishes, one city, and 11 market towns.
Pop. 227,831. Families 44,502 ; 16,396 engag
ed in agriculture ; 23,043 in trade and manu
factures ; 5,063 otherwise. Sq. m. 1,040. It has
been long noted for cheese of the best quality ;
other productions are corn, excellent salt, coal,
iron-ore, mill-stones, timber, alum, hops, Sic.
Cheshunl, X. Eng., in Hertfordshire ; 13 N.
London.' Pop. 1,670.
Chesil Bank, prodigious heap or body of peb
bles, thrown up by the sea, running from the
island of Portland to near Abbotsbury, 16 miles
in length.
Che-sinen, t. China, of the third rank, in
Chen-si ; 45 NW. Hing-ngan.
Chesley, X. France, in Aube ; 9 SE. Ervy.
Chesne, X. France,1 Ardennes ; 15 S. Mezieres.
Chesne-Tonex, X. Savoy ; 30 E. Geneva. Pop.
1,900. Chesnut Creek, branch of the Kenhawa in S.
part of Virginia.
Chesnut Hill, p-v. Strafford co. N. H. ; 58
Concord, W. 509.
Chesnut Hill, p-v. Hall co. Georgia ; 80 Mil-
ledgeville, W. 617.
Chesnut Hill, p-t. Northampton co. Pa., on
N. side of Blue mountain ; W. 220. Pop. 1,026.
Chesnut Ridge, mt. which extends from Md.
NE. through Fayette and Westmoreland coun
ties, Pa.
Chessy, t. France, in Rhone ; 12 NW. Lyons.
Pop. 520.
Chesla, X. S. A., in La Paz ; 70 NW. La Paz.
Chester, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. ; 16 SW. Wind
sor, W. 447. Pop. in 1810, 2,370; in 1820,
2,493. Here is an academy.
Chester, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H., on the
east side of the Merrimack river and Manches
ter, 6 NNE. Londonderry, 15 NNW. Haverhill,
22 SSE. Concord, 30 W. by S. Portsmouth, W.
490. Pop. in 1810, 2,030 ; in 1820, 2,262. The
township extends southeast about 20 miles in
length, and is of various breadth, and has 2
meeting houses. The principal village consists
of a single street about a mile in length, situat
ed on an elevated swell of land, commanding
a very extensive view, embracing the ocean to
the southeast, 22 miles distant. The Isle of
Hookset Falls, on the Merrimack, are near the
NW. corner of the township, and Massabesic
pond lies mostly in the western part.
In this township are 2 remarkable caves.
One, called the Devil's den, is in Mine hill in the
Vol. I. 49

western part, on the east side of Massabesic
pond. The hill is about £ mile in diameter,
about 400 feet high, almost perpendicular on
the south side. The entrance of the, cave,
which is on the south side, is 10 yards above
the base, and after a passage of various dimen
sions, 25 feet in length, opens into the princi
pal apartment, which is 15 or 20 feet square, 3
or 4 feet high, floored and ceiled by a regular
rock. From the wall are dependent numerous
excrescences of the form and size of pears,
which on the approach of a torch, throw out
a sparkling-lustre with innumerable hues. The
other cave is on the west side of Rattlesnake
hill, 7 SW. of the east meeting house. The
principal entrance is 11 feet high and 4 wide.
It extends about 20 feet into the side of the hill,
and after forming a semi-circle of 53 feet in
length, passes out on the same side. Its great
est breadth is near the middle, about 15 feet,
and its greatest height is at the principal en
trance, 1 1 feet.
Chester, (New,) p-t. Grafton co. N. H.; 16 S.
Plymouth, W. 527. Pop. 971.
Chester, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 20 NW.
Springfield, 119 W, Boston, W. 387. Pop. 1,526.
Chester, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct, in Say brook,
on W. side of the Connecticut ; 6 miles below
Haddam, W. 347.
Chester, p-t. Warren co. N. Y., E. of the Hud
son on W. side of Scroon lake ; 90 N. Albany,
W. 439. Pop. 1,013. Here is a natural stone
bridge across a stream called Stone Bridge
creek, which is a great curiosity.
Chester, (East,) p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. ;
4 E. of the Hudson, 40 N. New York, W. 243.
Pop. 1,021.
Chester, (West,) see West-Chester.
Chester, p-t. Morris co. N. J. ; 55 Trenton,
W. 245. Pop. 1,212.
Chester, X. Burlington cb. N. J. Pop. 2,253.
Chester, co. SE. part of Pa., bounded NE. by
Montgomery CO., SE. by Philadelphia and De
laware cos., and Delaware state, S. by Mary
land, W. by Lancaster co., and NW. by Berks
co. Chief town, West-Chester. Pop. in 1810,
39,596; in 1820,44,451.
Chester, bor. Si cap. Delaware co. Pa., on
NW. bank of the Delaware, between Chester
and Ridley creeks ; 15 SW. Philadelphia, W.
122. Pop. 657 ; including the township 1,259.
It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court
house, a jail, a market house, a Quaker meet
ing-house, an Episcopal church, and is a place
of considerable resort of company from Phila
delphia. — Asbestos is found in the vicinity.
Chester, v. Shenandoah co. Va. ; 20 SSW.
Winchester. Chester, v. Cumberland co. Va., on SW. bank
of James river ; 6 S. Richmond.
Chester, X. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,171.
Chester, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 269.
Chester, X. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 697.
Chester, X. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 551.
Chester, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. ; 104 S. by W.
Albany, W. 266.
Chester, district, N. part of S. C. Pop. in
1810, 11,479; slaves 2,743. Pop. in 1820, 14,189.
Chester, p-t. Si cap. Chester district, S. C. ;
58 NNW. Columbia, W. 460. It contains an
academy, and about 30 houses.

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386

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Chester, r. Maryland, which runs into the
Chesapeake, 14 SW. Chestertown.
Chester Gap, pass, over the Blue mountains,
in Virginia ; 16 SE. Winchester.
Chester Ridge, mountains, Pennsylvania, in
which iron and iead ores are found ; 140 WNW.
Philadelphia. Chester, (an. Deva,) city, Eng., and capital of
Cheshire, on the Dee, about 20 miles from the
Irish sea; 145 N. Bristol, 181 NW. London.
Lon. 2.53. W. Lat. 53. 11. N. Pop. 17,472.
Bp. see. The city is square, and surrounded by
a wall, nearly two miles in circ. ; it contains a
cathedral, 9 parish churches, a Roman Catholic
chapel, and 8 places of worship for Dissenters
of different persuasions. The streets are hol
lowed out of a rock to the depth of one story
beneath the level of the ground on each side ;
and the houses have a sort of covered portico
running on from house to house, and from street
to street, level with the ground behind, but one
story above the street in fort. The castle is a
noble structure ; the walls are evidently Nor
man. It has 2 yearly fairs, the most consider
able in the north of England, held on the 5th
July and 10th Oct., each lasting 14 days. The
manufactures are not extensive ; they consist
chiefly of tobacco, snuff, shot, white lead,
iron, tobacco pipes, and leather. It sends 2
members to parliament
Chester, X. Nova Scotia, in King's bay ; 22
WSW. Halifax.
Chester in the Street, X. Eng., in Durham, sit
uated in a valley, on W. side of the river Wear,
in a neighbourhood abounding in coals ; 6 N.
Durham, 263 N. London. Fop. 1,726.
Chesterfield, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on E.
side of the Connecticut, opposite Dummerston;
11 WSW. Keene, 100 W. Portsmouth, W. 426.
Pop. in 1810, 1,839; in 1820, 2,110. It is very
pleasantly situated, and contains a cotton man
ufactory and a respectable academy, with a pre
ceptor and a preceptress, and from 50 to 100
students. — Spafford's Lake, situated a mile north
of the meeting-house, is a beautiful lake about
9 miles in circuit, having an island near its cen
tre, containing 20 acres, on which is a grove of
trees, which renders it a delightful resort in the
summer. Chesterfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 15
WNW. Northampton, 105 W. Boston, W. 398.
Pop. 1,447.
Chesterfield, p-t. Essex co. N. Y., bounded N.
by Sable river, and E. by lake Champlain ; 18
S. Plattsburg, W. 497. Pop. 667. Adgate's
falls, on Sable river, in this town, is a cataract
of 80 feet. The channel has perpendicular walls
on each side, 1 mile long, and nearly 100 feet
high, and as regular as a work of art. There
is a bridge across this channel 96 feet above
the water. In the SW. part of the town there
is a cavern in which ice is found throughout
the year. Iron ore abounds in this town.
Chesterfield, X. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 2,087.
Chesterfield, co. Va. ; bounded N. by James
river, which separates it from Henrico co., E.
-and S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Powhatan
co. The C. H. is 12 SSW. Richmond, W. 138.
Pop. in 1810, 9,979 ; slaves 6,015. Pop. in 1820,
,18,003. Chief town, Manchester.

Chesterfield, district, N. part of S. C. ; W. 439.
Pop. in 1810, 6,664 ; slaves 1,639. Pop. in 1820,
6,645. Chesterfield, p-t. St. Louis co. Missouri; 26
St. Louis, W. 904.
Chesterfield; t. Eng., in Derby, situated in a
beautiful vale, called the Valley of Scarsdale ;
26 N. Derby, 149 N. London. Lon. 1. 30. W.
Lat. 53. 20. N. Pop. 4,476. In this town are
several potteries and silk mills, and a cotton
mill, with large iron founderies in the neigh-
hood ; iron ore and coals are both dug near tie
town ; a navigable canal has been made from
hence to the Trent, 5 miles below Gainsbor
ough. The market is on Saturday.
Chesterfield Key, islet, near N. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 77. 20. W. Lat. 22. 15. N.
Chesterfield Inlet, bay on W. side of Hudson's
bay, about 200 miles long, and 15 wide. Lon.
of-the mouth, 90. 40. W. Lat. 63. 30. N.
Chesterfield Shoals, shoals in the straits of
Mozambique. Lon. 43. 50. E. Lat. 16. 5. S.
Chesterford, (an. Ieiani and Camboricum,) t.
Eng., in Essex ; 13 N. Saffron Walden. Many
antiquities have been discovered, and the
foundations of the walls were visible a few
years since.
Chestertown, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Kent
co. Md., on Chester river, about 16 miles from
its confluence with the Chesapeake ; 35 S. Elk-
ton, 40 ESE. Baltimore, 77 SW. Philadelphia,
W. 80. It contains a court house, a jail, an
Episcopal church, a Methodist meeting house,
and about 150 houses, and has some trade. The
shipping owned here, in 1816, amounted to
2,108 tons.
Washington College, which was incorporated
in 1782, is in this town, and a handsome brick
building 180 feet long, and 3 stories high, has
been erected, but the institution has never as
sumed the form of a college, and the building is
appropriated to the accommodation of a res
pectable Latin, and an English school. It re
ceives from the state an annual donation of
800 dollars.
Chesterville, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine ; 30
NW. Augusta, W. 637. Pop. 612.
Chesuncook, lake, Maine, 10 or 15 miles NE.
Moosehead lake. The western and main branch
of the Penobscot passes through it. It is one
of the largest lakes in Maine.
Cheta, r. Siberia, which runs into the Cha-
tanga, Lon. 107. 29. E. Lat. 70. 20. N.
Cheta, r. Russia, which runs into the Enisei,
Lon. 85. 14. E. Lat. 60. 40. N.
Che-tcheou-ouei, t. China, in Hou-quang ; 700
SSW. Peking. Lon. 108. 54. E. Lat. 30. 16. N.
Che-tching, t. China, in Quang-tong ; 24
WSW. Hoa.
Che-tching, t. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 90 SE. Ki-ngan.
Chetecan Head, cape on W. coast of the isl.
of Cape Breton. Lon. 60. 45. W. Lat 46. 40. N.
Chetham, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 3 N. Man
chester. Pop. 752.
Cheticolon, t. Carnatic ; 9 ESE. Terriore.
Chelimaches, see Lafourche.
Chetimaches, (Grande,) lake, Louisiana, about
33 miles SW. Donaldsonville. It is long and
narrow. A tribe of Indians of the same name
live near it.

CHI

387

CHI

Qhetiqua, r. Lower Siam, which runs into
the sea, Lon. 98. 20. E. Lat. 11. 5. N.
Chetran, t Arabia ; 6 S. Kalaba.
Che-tsien, city, China, of the first rank, in
Koei-tcheou ; 875 SSW. Peking. Lon. 107. 44.
E. Lat. 27. 30. N.
Che-tsuen, t. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 35 NE. Mao.
Che-tsung, city, China, of the second rank, in
Yun-nan ; 1020 SSW. Peking. Lon. 103. 39. E.
Lat. 24. 56. N.
Chetumal Bay, see Hanover Bay.
Cheturgow, X. Hind., in Ballogistan ; 6 SW.
Bahbelgong. Chevagnes, t. France, in Allier; 9 E.Moulins.
Pop. 850.
Chevancyle Chateau, t. Neth., in Luxemburg;
3 N. Montmedy.
Chever, see Kkauar.
Cheverney, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 7 S.
Blois. H. 220.
Chevilly, t. France ; 5 S. Paris.
Cheviot Hills, hills, Eng., in the county of
Northumberland, which formed a free chace,
called Cheviot, corruptly Chevy Chace, the seat
of the encounter between the Percys and the
Douglases, celebrated in an ancient popular
song ; 6 m. from the borders of Scotland, 18 S.
Berwick. Height 2,680 feet.
Chevire, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 5
NW. Bauge. H. 300.
Chevregny, t. France, in Aisne ; 5 S. Laon.
Chevres, X. France, in Charente ; 18 E. An-
goulesme. H. 240.
Chevreuse, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 8
SW. Versailles. Pop. 1,730.
Chevron, t. Savoy ; 16 E. Chamberry.
Cheux, t. France ; 6 W. Caen. Pop. 1,027.
Chewase, X. Tennessee ; 24 SW. Tellico.
Chewny, t. Hind., Candeish ; 18 E. Hurdah.
Chews, r. Maryland, which runs into the Ches
apeake, Lon. 76. 19. W. Lat. 38. 55. N.
Che-yam-hoei-Hotun, t. Asia, in Corea ; 437
ENE. Peking.
Cheze, (La,) t. France, in North-Coasts ; 4
SE. Loudeac. Pop. 358.
Cheynow, t. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 6 E. Tabor.
H.91. Chezery, X. France, in Ain, district of Gex ;
8 NW. Geneva. It was ceded by Savoy to
France, in 1760.
Chesty I'Abbaye, X. France, in Aisne ; 4 SSW.
Chateau Thierry. Pop. 1,204.
Chiacar, X. Thibet; 66 SE. Lassa.
Chiacupi, t. Peru ; 50 miles from Cusco.
Chiametlan, pr. Mexico, bounded N. by Cul-
ican, on E. by the Zacatecas, S. by Xalasco,
and W. by the Pacific ocean. The soil is gen
erally fertile ; and many mines of silver are
found in the country.
Chiametlan, t. Mexico, cap. of the province of
the same name ; 325 NW. Mexico. Lon. 109.
6. W. Lat 22. 58. N.
Chiametlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, Lon. 106. 20. W. Lat. 23. N.
Chiametlan Islands, cluster of small islands in
the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Mexico.
Lat. 22. 20. N.
Chiampa, country, Asia, bounded N. by the
desert of Cochin China, E. fa S. by the Indian

sea, and W. by Cambodia. It is little known .
The soil produces rice, several sorts of fruits
and herbs, pepper, cinnamon, benzoin, eagle,
and columba wood ; gold, silver, silk, cotton,
and porcelain, are likewise to be found here.
Among the rare animals are rhinoceroses, and
elephants of an extraordinary size and surpris
ing docility. The sea abounds with excellent
fish. There are 60 good harbours, which occa
sion the inhabitants to apply themselves much
to trade and navigation ; that of Faifo is one of
the most considerable.
Chiana, (an. Clanis,) r. Italy. The central
part of the river is marshy, and the water is
said to flow in a S. direction into the Tiber, by
one mouth, near Orvieto ; and N. by another
into the Arno, about 3 NW. Arezzo.
Chianantla, t. Mexico, in Tlascala ; 60 S. Pu-
ebla de los Angelos.
Chianni, X. Tuscany ; 16 ESE. Leghorn.
Chianti, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, Lon. 13. 48. E. Lat. 43. 18. N.
Chiapa, pr. Guatimala, bounded N. by Ta
basco, Eby, and Vera Paz, S. by Guatimala,
SW. by Sonusco, and W. by Guaxaca; 210 m.
long, and 135 broad. Its principal productions
are grain and fruit, with excellent pastures, on
which they feed a great number of cattle.
There are no mines of gold and silver.
Chiapa dos Espagnols, or Civdad Real, t. Gua
timala, and province of Chiapa; bp. see; 380
SE. Mexico. Lon. 94. 46. W. Lat. 17. 3. N.
It contains 1 parish, with 3 convents, and about
400 Spanish families, with a fauxbourg, con
taining about 100 Indian families. Its principal
commerce is cocoa, cotton, and cochineal.
Chiapa, or Chiapa dos Indies, X. Guatimala, in
Chiapa ; 30 W. Chiapa dos Espagnols, 350 S.
Mexico. Lon. 95. 20. W. Lat. 17. 5. N. Pop.
about 20,000; or stated at 4,000 Indian families.
During the day the heat is violent, while the
nights are cool. The inhabitants are chiefly
Indians, and are wealthy. They raise a great
quantity of sugar.
Chiarenza, or Clarence, (an. Cyllene,) X. Eu.
Turkey, on W. coast of Morea, near the Medi
terranean, on the river Sillus ; once a conside
rable place, but now almost ruined ; 80 W.
Corinth, 84 SW. Livadia. Lon. 21. 16. E. Lat
38. 11. N.
Chiari, t. Aust. Italy, in Brescia, between
Brescia and Crema ; 12 W. Brescia. Lon. 9.
56. E. Lat 45. 32. N. Pop. 6,828.
Chiaromonte, X. Sicily, Noto ; 25 W. Syracuse.
Lon. 14. 40. E. Lat. 37. 4. N. Pop. 6,500.
Chiascio, r. Popedom, which runs into the Ti
ber, 5 S. Perugia.
Chiasellis, X. Friuli ; 7 W. Palma Nuova.
Chiatla, t. Guatimala, in Chiapa ; 100 SE.
Chiapa dos Espagnols.
Chiavan, t. Persia, Ghilan ; 120 NW. Reshd.
Chiavari, t. Genoa; 15 SE. Genoa. Pop.
7,684. It is situated near the gulf of Rapallo,
has considerable manufactures, and is celebrat
ed for its yearly fairs.
Chiavenna, (County of) county, Lombardy,
belonging to Austria, now included in the del
egation of Sondrio, situated at the foot of the
Rhetian Alps, N. of the lake of Como, about 24
miles long, and 18 wide. The country is fertile

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in wine and pastures. The inhabitants raise a
good deal of silk, but not corn sufficient for
their wants ; this they obtain of their neigh
bours for cattle, wine, and silk. The inhabitants
are Catholics. Pop. about 18,000.
Chiavenna, X. cap. of the county ; 35 S. Coire,
38 N. Como. Lon. 9. 28. E. \Lat 46. 12. N.
Pop. 2,800. It is situated at the foot, and upon
the side of a mountain. The principal articles
of exportation are stone pots, called lavezzi,
and raw silk. — The principal object of curiosity
in the environs of Chiavenna, is the fortress in
ruins, seated upon the summit of a rock, which
overlooks the town, and celebrated in the his
tory of the Grisons, for its almost impregnable
strength. Chiavorico, t. Italy, in Friuli ; 13 W. Udina.
Chiavoroto, t. Carinthia ; 8 S. Tarvis.
Chiautla, X. Mexico, in Tlascala; 20 SW.Pu-
ebla de los Angelos.
. Chiaw, { Gulf of) bay on E. coast of the isl.
of Gilolo. Lon. of the entrance, 123. 56. E.
Lat. 1. 21. N.
Chibara tai Kiamen, post of Chinese Tartary ;
18 N. Geho.
Chibiane, (an. Corinea,) v. Cyprus, celebrated
for its wine.
. Chiblone, X. Hind., in Concan ; 20 ESE. Se-
verndroog. Chicacotta, X. on the borders of Bootan, a
small distance from the boundary of Bengal,
fortified with a bank and a stockade ; SO N.
Rungpour, 75 S. Tassasudon. Lon. 89. 25. E.
Lat. 26. 31 N.
Chicago, r. Illinois, which flows into lake
Michigan, on the west side, and near the south
end. It is navigable for boats 11 miles, then
commences a portage of 7 miles across a prairie
to the Flein, a head branch of the Illinois. The
prairie is so low as sometimes to be covered
with water, and passable for boats. — A canal to
unite, the rivers has been contemplated.
Chicago, or Fort Dearborn,v.h military post,
Illinois, on the Chicago, near its entrance into
lake Michigan ; about 220 S. Fort Howard, on
Green bay, 300 SSW. Michilimackinac. Lat.
41. 53. N. It contains 10 or 12 dwelling houses.
The garrison consists of about 160 men. The
fortifications consist of a stockade, enclosing
barracks, quarters for the officers, magazines,
provision stores, Sic, defended by bastions.
The surrounding country is exceedingly beau
tiful and fertile, consisting of woodland and
prairies, with a varied surface, and a fine cli
mate. .
Chicalapour, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 10 S. Chin-
na Ballabaram.
Chicama, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 7. 45. S.
Chicamocha, Sogamoso, Gallinazos, r. New
Grenada, known by these names in different
parts of its course. It rises from the Andes,
runs north, and flows into the Magdalena, Lat.
7. 10. N.
Chicanga, or Chacanga, km. Africa, which
was formerly a part of the country of Moca-
ranga, rich in gold mines. It is called Monica,
from the principal town, which is on the river
Sofala, in Lon. 28. E. Lat. 20. 15. S.
Chkapee, r. Mass., which rises in Worcester

co., and runs SW. into the Connecticut, in N.
part of Springfield,
Chicar, t. Hind., on SW. coast of Guzerat ; 6
from the island of Diu, 34 S. Chittour.
Chicaris, X. Imiretta ; 20 W. Cotatis.
Chicarongo, X. Africa, in the countiy of Bo-
roros ; 20 N. Tela.
Chicaur, X. Carnatic; 16 S. Chittore.
Chiccamagga, r. Tennessee, which runs into
the Tennessee, 6 miles above' the whirl.
Chica Island, see Jeso.
Chichas, jurisdiction, Buenos Ayres. This
district is isituated NNE. Of Potosi, in the in-
tendancy of which it is included. Its length
from N. to S. is about 140 miles, and its breadth
about 100. From 50, to 60,000 marksof silver,
and about 100,000 piastres,, in gold, are on an
average, annually extracted from the mines of
the province ; and the plains give food to
numerous herds of cattle. Tupiza and St. Jago
de Gutagata are the chief towns.
Chiche, X. France, in Two Sevres ; 6 SE.
Bressuire. Pop. 1,175.
Chiche, see St. Osith.
Chichery,X. Bengal ; 34 S. Palamow. Lon.
14. 26. E. Lat. 23. 14. N.
Chichester, p-t Rockingham co. N. H. ; 8 E.
Concord, 45 NW. Portsmouth, W. 511. Pop.
1,010. Chichester, (Lower,) X. Delaware co. Pa., on
the Delaware, SW. of Chester. Pop. 502.
Chichester, (Upper,) t. Delaware co.Pa. Pop.
413. Chichester, (an. Regnum,) city, Eng., capital
of Sussex, on the river Levant, which a little
below joins an arm of the sea; 36 SE. Win
chester, 61 SSE. London. Lon. 0. 47. W. Lat.
50. 50. N. Pop. 6,425. Bp. see. Merchant
vessels are frequently built and repaired here,
and sometimes ships of war. Chichester con
tains an elegant Gothic cathedral, 410 feet long,
with a steeple 297 feet high, 6 parish churches,
and other public buildings, and sends 2 mem
bers to parliament. Two markets are held
weekly, on Wednesday and Saturday, for corn
and provisions ; and on every other Wednesday
a market for live sheep and cattle. — Natives,
Chillingworth, Juxon, and Collins.
Chickahominy, r. Virginia, which runs into
the James river, 6 NW. James-town. It is na
vigable for boats 60 miles.
Chickamaugah Creek, r. which rises in Geor
gia, runs through a part of Cherokee country,
and flows into the Tennessee, a few miles above
Lookout mountain. A district of country
through which it flows, is called by the same
name, and contains the new missionary station,
Brainerd. Chickasaw Agency, in the country of the
Chickasaws, Mississippi, 27 W. Cotton Port,
130 SW. Huntsville, W. 988.
Chickasaw Bluff, in NW. corner of Mississip
pi, on E. bank of Mississippi, Lat. 35. N.
Chickasaw, r. Indiana, which runs into the
Wabash, below Vincennes.
Chickasaw, r. in NW. part of Tennessee,
which runs W. into the Mississippi.
Chickasaws, Indians, whose territory is in
cluded within the chartered limits of the states
of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi, And

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Alabama; bounded W. by Mississippi river,
N. by Ohio river, E. by Tennessee river,
and Alabama, and S. by the country of
the Choctaws. The boundary " line com
mences on the Mississippi a little below Lat.
34. N., proceeds up this river to the en
trance of the Ohio ; up the Ohio to the junction
of the Tennessee ; up the Tennessee to Cany
creek, about 20 miles below the Muscle shoals;
up Cany creek to its source, thence in a line to
the Tombigbee, down this river to the mouth
of Oketibbeha, where it meets the Choctaw
line ; and from this point in a north-west di
rection to its commencement on the Mississip
pi. A large portion of the countiy is very fer
tile and valuable.
The Chickasaws, according to*tle statement
of Col. Cocke, the United States' agent for
this tribe, consist of 6,456 souls, of whom 680
are warriors. The number of males to females
is stated as 4 to 1. This inequality is imputed
to the practice of polygamy, which is extremely
prevalent among this tribe. The Chickasaws
are considerably advanced in many of the arts
of civilized life.
Chickasawhoy, p-v. Mississippi ; 50 W. St. Ste
phens, W. 1,098.
Chickasawhay, r. Mississippi, which flows S.
near E. side of the state, and joins the Pasca-
goula, about 40 miles from its mouth.
Chicken Bay, bay on S coast of Java. Lon.
114. 14. E. Lat. 8. 40, S.
Chicken-Head, cape, on E. coast of the island
of Lewis. Lon. 6. 10. W. Lat. 58. 10. N.
Chickisalungo, r. Pennsylvania, which runs
into the Susquehanna, a little above Columbia.
Chickley, X. Hind. Candeish ; 12 E. Chuprah.
Chickley, t. Hind. Baglana ; 30 SSE. Surat.
Chickoory, X. Hind, in the country of the
Poonah Mahrattas ; 40 SSW. Merritch. Lon.
74. 50. E. Lat. 16. 23. N. It is a large town,
and has a manufactory of cloth, and an exten
sive bazar.
Chicksaw Bluff, see Wolf-River.
Chiclana, X. Spain, in La Mancha; 2 N.
Ubeda. Chiclana, X. Spain, in Seville; 16 SE. Cadiz,
52 S. Seville. Pop. 10,000. It is a delightful
place, where the merchants of Cadiz have
countiy houses.
Chicorata, X. New-Mexico, in Cinaloa; 30 E.
Cinaloa. Chicova, X. Africa, and capital of a district in
Mocaranga, on the Zambese. Lon. 30. 20. E.
Lat. 16. 30. S.
Chicoutami, settlement in Canada, on the ri
ver Saguenay.
Chicuito, jurisdiction, S. A. in Buenos-Ayres,
about 108 miles long, and 75 wide.
Chielefa, X. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, near
the gulf of Coron ; 12. W. Kolokitia.
Chiemsee, lake, Bavaria, in the circle of the
Iser, between the Inn and Salza ; 12 miles
long, and 8 broad ; it contains several islands,
particularly Herrenwerd and Frawenwerd, on
the left of which is a town called Chiemsee,
which is the see of a bishop ; 15 W. Salzburg.
Chienpour, X. Hind., in Candeish; 47 NNE.
Burhanpour. Chiento, r. Italy, which runs into the Adriatic

between Firmo and Recanati. Lon. 13. 46. E.
Lat. 43. 14. N.
Chieri, (an. Cherium, or Carium,) X. Pied
mont ; 6 E. Turin. Lon. 7. 48. E. Lat. 45. 4.
N. Pop. 10,060. It is situated on the declivity
of a hill, in an agreeable country, the air soft
and healthy ; the hills to the N. and E. are
covered with vines, while those to the W. and
S. are covered with fruit trees of different
kinds ; the land is fertile, and the inhabitants
industrious ; they have manufactures of cloth
and silk. It is surrounded by an ancient wall
defended by towers, with a fosse ; and had for
merly a fortress, named Rochetta, demolished
in the sixteenth century. It has 6 gates, and 4
grand squares or places, 7 parish churches, 12
convents, and 4 hospitals.
Chiers, (La,) r. France, which runs into the
Meuse, between Mouzon and Sedan.
Chiesa, X. Italy, Valteline ; 6 S. Sondrio.
Chiesa, (La,) (an. Cleusis,) r. Italy, which
runs into the Oglio, at Caneto, in the Mantuan.
, Chieli, see Civita de Chieti. ¦
Chiella, (La,) X. France, in Jura; 11 NE.
Orgelet. Chieuli, t. Naples, in Capitanata ; 13 SSE.
Tcrmola. Chievres, X. Hainaut ; 4 S. Ath. Pop. 2,883.
Chifuncte, r. Louisiana, which flows into lake
Pontchartrain, a little below Madisonville.
Chiggre, X. Nubia; 200 S. Syene. Lon. 34.
20. E. Lat. 21. N.
Chiggeron, r. Persia, which runs into the
Caspian sea, a little N. Amol.
Chigneclo Bay, the northern arm of the bay
of Fundy, Nova-Scotia, into which the Petitco-
diac falls. The spring tides here rise 60 feet.
Chigy-sur- Varme, X. France, in Yonne ; 6 ESE.
Sens. Chihemecomet, or Chickminock-cuminock, isl.,
on the coast of N. C, near Roanoke island.
Chi-hing, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-tong ; 18 SW. Nanyong.
Chignolo, X. Italy ; 10 S. Lodi, 14 E. Pavia.
Chihuahua, X. Mexico, in Durango, on a small
branch of the Conchos; 180 NW. Mexico.
Lon. 104. 30. W. Lat. 28. 50. N. Pop. 11,600.
It is surrounded by silver mining stations.
Chikkolee, X. Hind, in Mysore ; 11 SW. Se
ringapatam. Chilare, r. Naples, which runs into the Can-
delaro, 7 W. Manfredonia.
Chilca, s-p. Peru, in the Pacific ocean, about
40 S. Callao. Lat. 12. 32 S.
CHILI, country, S. A. bounded N. by Buenos
Ayres, E. by Buenos Ayres and Patagonia,
from which it is separated by the Andes, S. by
Patagonia, and W. by the Pacific ocean. Lon.
69. to 74. W. Lat. 24. to 45. S.; about 1,400
long, and from 100 to 200 broad. Sq. m. about
200,000. Pop. stated in 1806, at 720,000; by
Malte-Brun, in 1820, and a Spanish journal, at
900,000. Another statement, said to be found
ed on a census, makes it 1,200,000, exclusive of
independent Indians.
Divisions. It is divided info 2 intendencies,
St. Jago and Conception, which are subdivided
into 13 provinces, viz. Copiapo, Coquimbo,
Quillota, Aconcagua, Melippa, St. Jago, Ran-
cagua, Colchagua, Maule,Itata, Chilian, Pucha-

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cay, and Huilquilemn. — The islands are Co-
quimbanes, Mugillan, Totoral, Fajaro, Masa-
piero, Juan Fernandes, Mocha, and the Archi
pelago of Chiloe.
Chief towns. The chief towns are St. Jago,
the capital, Conception, Valparaiso, Valdivia,
Chilian, Coquimbo, St Fernando, and Petorca.
Rivers. The rivers are numerous, but small,
and have generally rapid currents. Some of
the principal ones are the Maule, Biobio, Cau-
ten, Tolten, Valdivia, Chaivin, Bueno, and Sin-
fondo. Face of the country and soil. Chili presents a
plain, gradually rising in elevation as it recedes
from the coast and approaches the Andes.
From this sloping conformation it is fertilized
and beautified by numerous rivers flowing from
the Andes ; and of these, 53 communicate di
rectly with the Pacific ocean. The country,
intercepted between the foot of the Andes and
the Pacific ocean, is divided into 2 equal parts,
the maritime and midland. The maritime part
is intercepted by.3 ridges of mountains, running
parallel with the Andes, between which are nu
merous well watered valleys. The midland
country is generally level, of great fertility, and
enjoying a delightful climate. The great chain
of the Andes extends throughout towards the
eastern limits, and presents a number of sum
mits, the height of which has been estimated
at upwards of 20,000 feet. Among the Chilian
Andes there are said to be 14 volcanoes in a
state of constant eruption, and a still greater
number that discharge smoke at intervals.
Productions. Chili abounds with vegetable,
animal, and mineral productions. Maize, rye,
barley, pulse, wine, oil, sugar, cotton, and
fruits of various kinds, are cultivated. It has
luxuriant pastures, which feed numerous herds
of cattle. It is rich in mines of gold, silver,
copper, tin, and iron. All the metals are found;
also a variety of earths and precious stones. It
is free from dangerous or venomous animals,
which are so much dreaded in hot countries,
and has but one species of small serpent, and
that perfectly harmless.
Climate. The climate is remarkably salubri
ous, and the weather generally serene. In the
northern provinces it rarely rains, in some parts
never, but dews are abundant ; in the central
part, rain often continues 3 or 4 days in succes
sion, followed by 15 or 20 days of fair weather ;
in the southern provinces rains are much more
abundant, and often continue 9 or 10 days
without cessation. The rainy season com
mences in April, and continues through August.
Snow falls abundantly on the Andes, but is
never seen on the coast Earthquakes are com
mon. Government. Chili was formerly a colony of
Spain, but in 1810 the people took the govern
ment into their own hands, and in 1818 made a
declaration of absolute independence, which
has been hitherto uninterrupted, and recently
acknowledged by Portugal. The new govern
ment is republican. The army in 181S was
stated at 8,400 regular troops; the militia at
28,960 men, and the revenue at $ 2,177,967.
Indians. The part of Chili lying south of the
river Biobio, in Lat. 36. 44. S., is inhabited

chiefly by Indians. The Ardueanians inhabit
the countiy between the rivers Biobio and Val
divia. They are enthusiastically attached to
liberty, and are implacable enemies of the
Spaniards, who have never been able to subdue
them. Chilesburg, p-t. Caroline co. Va., 45 Rich
mond, W. 68.
Chillicolhe, p-t. & cap. Ross co. Ohio, on W.
bank of the Scioto, 45 miles in a right line, and
70 according to the windings, from Its mouth,
42 S. Columbus, 70 SW. Zanesville, 93 E. by
N. Cincinnati, W. 407. Lon. 82. 57. W. Lat
39. 18. N. Pop. 2,426. It is pleasantly situated
on the borders of an extensive and fertile plain,
regularly laid out, the streets crossing each
other at right angles, and is a flourishing town.
It contains a court house, a jail, a market
house, 3 banks, including a branch of the Unit
ed States bank, 3 printing offices, each pub
lishing a weekly paper, 3 houses of public wor
ship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Seceders, and
1 for Methodists ; a rope walk, 4 cotton manu
factories, and a steam mill. In the vicinity of
the town there are many valuable mills.
Chillicothe, (Old,) an old Indian town, Ross
co. Ohio ; 12 NW. Chillicothe. Pop. 199.
Chilili, X. New-Mexico ; 80 S. Santa Fe.
Chilisquaque, or Chilisguage, t. Northumber
land co. Pa. Pop. 1,035. It lies between the
E. and W. branches of the Susquehanna, and is
watered by a river of the same name, which
flows into the W. branch of the Susquehanna,
6 miles above Northumberland.
Chilka, lake, Hind, on the sea coast of the
province of Cattack, and NW. side of the bay
of Bengal. This lake seems the effect of a
breach of the sea over a flat sandy shore, and
extending about 36 miles in length, and from
10 to 13 in breadth, with many inhabited isl
ands in it ; on NW. it is bounded by a ridge of
mountains ; 40 S. W. Cattack.
Chilkore, t. Bengal ; 15 S. Boglipour.
Chillama, X. Bengal ; 8 NW. Roganatpour,
Lon. 86. 43. E. Lat. 23. 36. N.
Chillambaram, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, on
the coast of Cormandel ; 8 S. Porto Novo, 100
SSW. Madras. Here is a celebrated Pagoda
highly venerated by the Hindoos. The whole
structure is 1332 feet in one direction, and 936
in another.
Chilian, or Chilan, X. Chili, capital of a dis
trict; chiefly inhabited by Indians; 75 NE.
Conception. Lon. 72. 30. W. Lat. 36. S. H.
360. Chilian, mt. S. A. in Chili. Lat. 36. S. Its
height is estimated at 20,000 feet.
Chilian, pr. Chili, bounded N. by Maule, E.
by the Andes, S. by Huilqnilemu, and W. by
Rata ; 60 miles from E. to W., 30 from N. to
S. ; level and fertile.
JChillan, e. Chili, which runs into the Rata.
Chillates, Indians, on NW. coast of N. A. No.
150. Chilleiros, t Portugal, in Estramadura; 14
NW. Lisbon.
Chilleurs, t. France, in Loiret ; 14 NE. Or
leans. H. 250.
Chillis, or Khillis, or Kles, t. Syria, in the
pachalic of Aleppo; 10 SSW. Antab, 15 X.

CHI

391

CHI

Aleppo. It has 15 mosques, large bazars, and
is a noted mart for cotton. Many medals have
been found here.
Chillisguage, see Chilisquaque.
Chilloa, t. S. A. in Carthagena ; 20 S. Mom-
pox. Chillon, t. Switz. in Vaud ; 5 ESE. Vevay.
Near this place, on a rock in the lake of Ge
neva, is an ancient castle or chateau, built in
1,238, by Amadeus IV. count of Savoy.
Chilluckittequaw Indians, N. America, on the
Columbia, 220 miles from its mouth. No. 1,400.
Chillumcotta, X. Hind, in Mysore ; 20 E. Chin-
na Balabaram.
Chillumeal, t. Hind, in Cuddapa ; 17 NW.
Cuddapa. Chilly, t. France, in Jura; 3 SW. Lons le
Saunier. Chilmark, X. Duke's co. Mass., on SW. end of
Martha's Vineyard; 12 W. by S. Edgartown,
90 S. Boston. Pop. including the Elizabeth
isles, 695.
Chilmary, X. Bengal, principal town of pro
vince of Patladah ; 32 SE. Rungpour, 190 NNE.
Calcutta. Lon. 90. 3. E. Lat. 25. 26. N.
Chilminar, see Tchilminar.
Chilhey, small, isl. in the Arabian sea, near
the coast of Persia. Lon. 65. 44. E. Lat. 25. N.
Chilnucook, or Grand Lake, lake, Maine, at
the head of the St. Croix.
Chiloe, considerable island in the S. Pacific
ocean, on the coast of Chili. Lon. 72. 45. W.
Lat. 43. S. ; 140 miles long, and 60, where
widest, broad. It produces all necessary re
freshments and provisions, except wine ; and
much ambergrise is found here. The cedar
trees grow to an amazing size. There are many
small islands E. Chiloe, in a narrow sea, called
the Archipelago of Chiloe, which separates the
island from the continent These islands form
a jurisdiction formerly under the viceroy of
Lima. Pop. of the whole, 26,000. Chief town,
San Carlos. There are 47 islands in the Archi
pelago of Chiloe, 32 of them inhabited.
Chilok, r. Siberia, which runs into the Selen-
ga, near Selenginsk.
Chilon, t. La Plata ; 70 NE. La Plata.
Chilone, mt. Naples, in Capitanata ; 14 SW.
Lucera. Chilongery, t. Hind, in Mysore; 45 NW.
Seringapatam. Chilow, v. Ceylon, on a small river with a
church and fort.
Chilpanzingo, city, Mexico ; 60 N. by E. Aca
pulco. Lat. 17. 36. N.
Chilques, t. Peru, and capital of a jurisdiction
of the same name, in Peru ; 45 S. Cusco, 130 N.
Arequipa. Chiltepec, r. Mexico, which runs into the
gulf, Lon. 94. 6. W. Lat. 18. 18. N.
Chiltepec, X. Mexico, in Tabasco ; 25 NW.
Tabasco. Chiltem Hills, ridge of hills, which crosses the
county of Bucks, a little S. of the centre, reach
ing from Tring, in Hertfordshire, to Henly, in
the county of Oxford.
Chiltz, Indians, on NW. coast of N. A. No.
700. Chilvers Colon, t. Eng. in Warwickshire.
. Pop. 1,873.

Chimalapa, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, at Tehuantapec.
Chimay, X. Neth. Hainaut, often ruined by
wars, and as often rebuilt ; 10 posts ENE.
Cambray, 15 SE. Lisle. Pop. 2,083. Near it
are mines of iron, with founderies and forges.
Chtmbarongo, X. Chili ; 90 SSE. Valparaiso.
Chimbivilcas, t. Peru, in Cusco ; 80 WSW.
Cusco. Chimbo, t. Quito, capital of a jurisdiction ;
15 W. Riobamba, 90 S. Quito: The town con
tains about 80 families.
Chimborasso, X. Quito; 25 SW. Riobamba.
Chimborazo, mt. S. A. in Quito, province of
Riobamba; about 100 S. by W. Quito. Lat.
about 2. S. It is the most elevated summit of
the Andes, rising to the height of 21,440 feet
above the level of the sea, and covered with
perpetual snow 2,600 feet from the summit,
and upwards. It presents a magnificent spec
tacle when seen from the shores of the Pacific
ocean, after the long rains of winter, when the
transparency of the air is suddenly increased,
and when its enormous circular summit is seen
projected upon the deep azure blue of the
equatorial sky. The great rarity of the air,
through which the tops of the Andes are seen,
adds very much to the splendour of the snow,
and aids the magical effect of its reflection.
This mountain was ascended in 1802 by
Humboldt and Bonpland, who reached to with
in 2,140 feet of the summit, being by baromet
rical measurement, 19,300 feet above the level
of the sea; a greater elevation than ever was
before attained by man. Their further ascent
was prevented by a chasm 500 feet wide. The
air was intensely cold and piercing, and, owing
to its extreme rarity, blood oozed from their
lips, eyes, and gums ; and respiration was diffi
cult. One of the party fainted, and all of them
felt extreme weakness. Condamine ascended,
in 1745, to the height of 15,815.
Chimeltenango, X, Guatimala ; 8 N. Guatimala.
Chimepanipestick, i. Canada, which runs into
the river St. Lawrance, Lon. 61. 25. W. Lat.
50. 5. N.
Chimera, or Chimara, t. fa fortress, Eu. Tur
key, capita) of a district, in Albania, situated on
a rock near the sea coast, opposite the island of
Corfu, noted for its warm baths ; 18 S. Valona.
Lon. 19. 33. E. Lat. 40. 19. N. Pop. 1,900.
Chimilyconda, t. Hind, in Golconda; 8 SE.
Combamet. Chimleigh, see Chumieigh.
Chimnahpum Indians, N. A. on the Colum
bia, near the entrance of Lewis' river. No.
1,860. Chimneer, X. Hind, in Berar ; 35 S. Nagpour.
Chimney, X. Ceylon ; 94 SE. Candy.
Chimo, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 8. 10. S.
Chimtai, mt. Chinese Tartary, in a ridge run
ning along the eastern coast of Corea ; the me
dium height of which is 4,480 feet.
China, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine ; 25 NE.
Hallowell, 80 NE. Portland, W. 634. Pop. 894.
It contains an academy.
China, t Genesee co. N. Y. ; 34 SE. Buffalo,
36 SSW. Batavia. Pop. 780.
CHINA, country, Asia, called by the Chinese,

cm

392

CHI

Tehmg-km, Or TAe Middle Kingdom. The
Western Moguls called it Catay ; the Mantchew
Tartars, Nkantourou ; the Japanese, Thau;
«nd the people of Cochin-china and Siam, Cin.
China, properly so called, lies between Lon.
100. and 122. E. Lat 21. and 44. N. ; bound
ed N. by Chinese Tartary, E. by the ocean, S.
by the ocean, Tonquin, Cochin-china, and
Laos, and W. by Thibet and Chinese Tartary.
The western boundary is formed by mountain
ous tracts and deserts, but little known . Sq. m
about 1,300,000; according to Templemann,
1,486,000; Hassel, 1,724,000. It is divided in
to 15 provinces. The adjacent countries sub
jected to the Chinese government, such as the
islands of Hainan and Formosa, Leaotong and
Tartary, are nbt included in this estimation ;
for if we reckon from' the most southern point
of the island of Hainan to the northern extrem
ity of Tartary, which is under the dominion of
the emperor of China, we shall find that the
territories of this prince are more than 2,700
miles in extent from N. to S. and about 4,500
miles from E. to W., reckoning from the Eastern
sea as far as the countiy of Cashgar, con
quered by the Chinese, in 1759.
The population of China, which has been the
subject of keen dispute and much calculation,
has been variously estimated. According to a
Chinese publication, the number of families
paying taxes, in 1743, was 28,514,488, which
at 5 to each family, would give 142,572,440.
Some statistical reports recently translated by
Dr. Morrison, give the result of a census made by
the late emperor, Kia-Kin, at about 145,000,000.
Father Amiot calculates it at 200,000,000, but
M. de Guignies thinks 150,000,000 the highest
probable estimate. Travellers agree in assert
ing the appearances of a crowded population.
Estimating the population at 200,000,000, and
the square miles at 1,300,000, would give
about 154 to a square mile, a density not equal
to some countries in Europe. The following
table exhibits three statements in a more detail
ed form ; but by a comparative view of their
variations, one may readily detect their com
plete inconsistency. The statement for the
year 1743 is founded upon the report of the
French missionaries ; that for 1761, upon the
authority chiefly of Father AUerstein ; and that
for 1794 was communicated to the English
embassy by the Chinese officers of state.
Provinces. 1743. 1761. 1794.

Fe-tch-li Kiang-nan
Kiang-siTche-kiangFo-kien Hou-quangHo-nanChan-tongChan-si Chen-siSe-tcbuen
Quang-tongQuang-si
Yun-nan Koei-tcheou

16702765
26766365 66S1350
15623990 7643035
4264850
126372S012159680 8969475
1480403515181710 6006600 1 143450
1189825 255445

15222940
45922420 1100664015429690 S063671
16909923 16332507
25180734 9768189
14699475 27829766797597
394741420788023402722

150029855' 1975457Q0

3800000032000000 19000000
21000000 15000000
27000000250000002400000027000000300000002700000021000000 10000000 8000000
9000000

333000000

According to the statements of the Chinese,,
these 15 provinces contain 4,402 cities, and the
sea coasts are defended by 439 castles, and cov
ered by 2,920 towns ; many of which, in popu
lation arid extent, are equal to walled cities ;
while the villages, scattered over the interior,
are declared to be Innumerable. There are also,
according to the same authorities, 1,145 royal
hospitals, 1,159 triumphal arches, 208 monu
ments dedicated to the memory of virtuous fe-
mals, and 272 public libraries.
Revenue, fyc. M. De Guignes calculates the
amount of the revenue of the Chinese empire
at £31,555,555 sterling; and the amount ofthe
expenditure at £22,222,222 sterling. Accord
ing to the statement of the Chinese government
to lord Macartney, the amount of their standing
army, even in times of peace, is 1,000,000 in
fantry, and 800,000 cavalry ; but M. De Gu
ignes estimates the whole at 842,000.
Cities. The principal cities are Pekin, the
capital, Canton, the chief port, Nankin, Singan,
and Hang-cheou.
Rivers. The Hoang-ho and Kiang-ku, or
Yang-tse, are two of the largest rivers in Asia.
Face ofthe country. The face ofthe country
is much diversified, though much of it is level,
intersected by numerous rivers and canals,
with occasional mountains. The principal
mountainous tracts are in the northern and
western parts. Lakes and swamps are nume
rous, and are said to cover one fourth part of
the country.
Climate. The northern parts are said to be
colder than countries under the same parallel in
Europe ; in the south the climate is hot, but
the air is generally healthy, and the people
commonly live to a great age.
Soil and Productions. A great part Of China
has a fertile soil. The prevailing crop in the
southern provinces is rice. Tea, barley, millet,
wheat, buck wheat, maize, pease, and beans are
common. Tea is the most celebrated vegetable
product. It is the leaf of a shrub, which grows
both in mountainous and level districts, but
flourishes best in a light rocky soil. The shrubs
yield crops of leaves, 3 years after being sown,
but require to be renewed every 5 or 6 years.
Agriculture. The land is under very excellent
cultivation, and agriculture is held in high es
timation. The emperor annually, at the vernal
equinox, performs the ceremony of holding the
plough ; an example, in which he is followed
by all the great officers throughout the empire.
Exports. The most important exports are
tea, silk, nankins, porcelain, sugar, cinnamon,
and camphor.
Minerals. The principal minerals are gold,
silver, mercury, copper, lapis lazuli, loadstone,
and marble.
Canals. The inland navigation, by means of
rivers and canals, which every where abound, is
unparalleled. The Imperial Canal is the greatest
work ofthe kind in the world. It extends from
Pekin to [the Kiang-ku, about 600 miles. It is
said to have employed 30,000 men upwards of
40 years in its construction.
The Chinese Wall. The great wall, which
bounds China on the north, is the most enor
mous fabric in the world. It is 1,500 miles long,

CHI

393

CHI

passing over a vast chain of mountains ; 30 feet
high, on the plain, 16 or 20 when carried over
rocks and elevated grounds ; and of such thick
ness that 6 horsemen can easily ride abreast
upon it. It is said to have been completed 214
years before the christian era.
Inhabitants. The Chinese, from their physi
ognomy and general appearance, exhibit proofs
of MongUl origin. They have a square, flat
face, small nose, but broad at the root, pale
yellow complexion, and long black hair. Their
hair is plaited into a tail, reaching from the
crown of the head sometimes as low as the
calf of the leg, the rest of the scalp being close
ly shaven. According to the ideas of the'Chi-
nese, the chief beauty of the females consists in
the smallness of their feet, which are swathed
from earliest infancy, in order to prevent their
growing to the natural size. In their character
the Chinese are represented as remarkably vain,
timid, artful, jealous, and vindictive. Drunk
enness is very uncommon. Polygamy is per
mitted; and women are in a state ofthe most
abject degradation.
Religion. The prevailing religion is a species
of Shamanism, which exists here under the ti
tle of the religion of Fo ; but no religion is es
tablished or supported by the government.
Temples and pagodas, however, are every
where common, and daily open for the visits of
devotees.
i ¦ Government. The government is patriarchal
and despotic, watchful and jealous, though not
violent. The emperor is styled, " Holy Son of
heaven, sole Governor of the earth, great Fa
ther of his people." Nobility and qualification
for office depend entirely on literary distinction.
The chief officers are styled mandarins. Of
these there are 9 orders. The highest class are
viceroys, or governors of provinces ; the lowest
are entrusted with the collection of the reve
nue. The penal code is severe ; but executions
are not numerous, in proportion to the number
of the inhabitants.
Literature. Learning, to a certain degree, is
much encouraged. No person can become a
mandarin, till he has obtained at least 2 de
grees in literature. The Chinese are a reading
people, and every town and village has its
school. The art of printing was practised in
China before its invention in Europe. It is not
performed, however, with moveable types, but
with blocks of wood. The only vehicle of po
litical information is the official gazette, which
is published daily at Pekin, and circulated
throughout the empire.
Language. The Chinese language is entirely
original and unique. The art of writing is con
sidered as a modification of the hieroglyphical
mode. The number of characters is computed
at 35,000, or 40,000 ; one third of which is
more than sufficient for the common purposes
of life, and for understanding most of their
books. The effective elements of the charac
ters is stated at 130, or at most 214.
Commerce. The Chinese empire is quite un
rivalled with regard to inland navigation,
which is facilitated by innumerable rivers and
canals. It has been asserted, that a number of
people, equal to the whole population of Great
Vol.L 50

Britain, subsist entirely on the water. Internal
trade is carried on by the simplest form of bar
ter. Foreign commerce is viewed with a
jealous eye, from the assumption, that China,
on account of the multitude of her varied pro
ductions, stands in no need of foreign inter
course. Europeans are allowed to trade only
at two points, aXKiachta, the emporium for the.
overland trade of Russia ; and at Canton, which
is appropriated to the maritime states. The
imports of Great Britain from China, in 1811,
amounted to 21,231,849 pounds of tea, 81,397
pounds of silk, 316,616 pieces of nankins, mis
cellaneous articles to the value of £9,630 ;
total value £3,660,830. Value of exports to
China the same year, woollens £896,137, lead
56,783, miscellaneous 11,245; total £963,715.
China Grove, p-v. Georgetown district, S.C. ;
W. 469. Lon. 79. 30. W. Lat. 33. 37. N.
Chinabalabaram, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 90 NE.
Seringapatam. Lon. 77. 55. E. Lat. 13. 20. N.,
This town was almost destroyed in 1792, but
is now recovering, and contains upwards of
400 houses.
Chinabukeer, X. Pegu, on an isl. at the mouth
pf the Ava, which gives name to one ofthe
branches of the river ; 50 SW. Sirian. Lon. 96.
15. E. Lat. 16. 20. N.
Chinacota, X. New Grenada ; 20 N. Pam
plona. Chinalaph, now Shellif
Chinampet, t Hind., in the Carnatic ; 30 N.
Bomrauzepollam. Chinampet, X. Carnatic ; 11 S. Madura.
Chinapa, X. New Mexico, in New Navarre ;
150 ESE. Casa Grande.
CAimapaiom,'see Madras.
Chinapatam, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 35 NE.
Seringapatam.. Lon. 77. 24. E. Lat. 12. 39. N.
It is an open town, containing about 1,000
houses ; and the surrounding countiy is very
beautiful. Chinaub, see Chunaub.
Chinca, valley, Peru, where the ancient incas
had formerly built a temple, dedicated to the
sun. It once contained 25,000 inhabitants, now
reduced to about 500 families ; the town, which
gives name to a valley, lies 12. N. Pisco.
Chinchacocha, t. Peru, and capital of a juris
diction, in Lima ; 70 NE. Lima.
Chinchanchi, X. Yucatan ; 10 N. Merida.
Chinchcam, X. Mysore ; 40 E. Baddammy.
Chinchelly, X. Hind., in Berar ; 40 ESE. Au
rungabad. Chinchew Bay, a spacious bay Si harbour, on
the coast of Cochin China, completely shelter
ed from winds. Lat. 13. 50. N.
Chinchilla, X. Spain, in Murcia; 58 NNW.
Murcia, 77 SW. Valencia. Lon. 1. 52. W. Lat.
38. 48. N. Pop. 4624.
Chinchio, t. Dalmatia ; 6 E. Spalatro.
Chinchon, X. Spain, in Toledo ; 18 ESE. Ma
drid^ Pop. 3,680.
Chinchoor, X. Hind., in Aurungabad. Pop.
5,000. It is pleasantly situated on the road from
Bombay to Poonah.
Chinchorra, or Northern Triangles, reef of
rocks in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 87. 50 W
Lat. 18. 50. N.
Chinchoulee, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 15 S,
Renapour.

CHI

394

CHI

Chinchura, X. Bengal ; 20 SSW. Dinagepour.
Chincleput, X. Hind., capital of a district, be
tween Madras and Palar river, on the Palar, 35
Madras. Chindapow, t. Hind., id Oude ; 28 NE. Kai
rabad. Chine, (La,) X. Lower Canada, finely situated
on the banks of the river, at the E. extremity
of lake St. Louis ; 8 miles from Montreal. The
town contains only about 20 dwelling houses, but
is the centre of considerable commerce, and has
some store-houses belonging to government,
and to merchants of Mon treat
Chiney, or Ciney, X. Netherlands ; 10 NE.
Dinant, 28 SSW. Liege. Lon. 5. 12. E. Lat.
50. 18. N. Pop. 1,060.
Ching, t. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang; 30 S. Chao-hing.
Ching, X. China, of the second rank, in Pe-
tche-li; 125 SSW. Pekin. Lon. 115. 20. E.
Lat. 38. 4. N.
Ching-hai, X. Corea ; 60 ESE. Kang-tcheou.
Chingalamola, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 8 SW.
Anantpour. Chingercally, X. Bengal ; 48 S. Moorly.
Chingleput, fortress in the Carnatic ; 30 SSW.
Madras, 45 N. Pondicherry. Lon. 80. 10. E.
Lat. 12. 42. N.
Chmgoleagul, small isl. in the Atlantic near
the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75. 26. E. Lat. 37.
56. N.
Chingoma, or Singen, small isl. near the coast
of Africa, at the mouth of the Zambese, about
100 miles in circ. Lat. 18. 30. S.
Chin-gonga, r. Hind., which rises in the El-
lichpour countiy, and runs into the Godavery,
16 SW. Neermul.
Chingoteague, small isl, in the Atlantic near
the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75. 20. W. Lat. 37.
46. N.
Chingoteague Inlet, narrow channel between
two islands, near the coast of Virginia. Lon.
75. 42. W. Lat. 27. 52. N.
Chingu,see Xingu.
Chini, small island, in Saline's bay, near the
coast of Costa Rica.
Chiniropooram, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 35 NW.
Seringapatam. Lon. 76. 40. E. Lat. 12. 53. N.
The town, fort, and suburbs contain upwards
of 900 houses.
Chiniz, t. Persia, in Farsistan, situated on the
gulf of Persia ; 140 W. Shiras.
Chin-kieou, -X. China, of the third rank, in
Ho-nan ; 45 NE. Yun-hing.
Chin-li, X. on NW. coast of the island of Hai
nan, of the third rank ; 12 W. Kiong-tcheou.
Chin-mou, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chen-si, on the river Kiu ; 60 NNW. Kia.
Chinna Daraporum, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 6
NNW. Dindigul.
Chinna Kadayoor, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 13 N.
Daraporum. Chinnachin, X. Northern Hindoostan, in Jem-
lah. Lon. 81. 35. E. Lat. 30. 29. N.
Chinnana, t. Hind., in Jummoo ; 45 N. Jum-
moo. Chinnook, r. N. America, which flows into
the Columbia, near its mouth.
Chinnook Indians, N. A. on the Chinnook
and Columbia. No. 400.

Chinny Arcaud, t. Hind., in the Carnatic; 16
SE. Bomrauzepollam.
Chinon, X. France, and principal place of &
district, in Indre-and-Loire ; 13 SE. Saumur,
24 WSW. Tours. Lon. 0.11. W. Lat. 47. 10.
N. Pop. 6,110. It is situated on the Vienne,
and defended by a strong castle. — Natives, Ra
belais and Quillet.
Chinoar,X. Hind., in Boujepour; 42 NNW.
Balbary. Chinoor, X. Hind., in Berar, in the Godavery.
Lon. 80. 8. E. Lat. 19. S.
Chinradurgam, fort, Hind., in Mysore ; 15 W.
Ryacotta. Chinrama, r. Celebes, which runs into Bony
bay, Lon. 120. 40. E. Lat. 2. 53. S.
ChAnroyputtun, t. Hind., Mysore, with a stone
fort. Lon. 76. 40. E. Lat. 12. 63. N. H. 900.
Chinsacata,- X. S. A. in Cordova ; 35 NNE.
Cordova. Chinsura, t. Bengal, on W, side of the Hoog
ly, belonging to the kingdom of the Nether
lands ; 18 N. Calcutta. Lon. 88. 28. E. Lat
22. 52. N. The houses are built in the Euro
pean style. The town is populous and com
mercial. The fortress is defended by four bas
tions and a ditch, according to the European
form of military architecture ; 24 cannons de
fend the passage of the river. The town ex
tends half a mile or more along the bank ofthe
river and £ mile inland. A small territory also
is connected with the town. The houses are
in general of two stories, built with brick and
mortar, and plastered inside and out with
white chunam. This is the principal Dutch set
tlement in Bengal. — The London Society have
3 missionaries here with schools.
Chinlapollam, X. Hind., in Golconda; 53 S.
Hydrabad. Chintamypet, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 22
WSW. Tritchinopoly.
Chintapilly, t. Hind., in the circar of Gun-
toor ; 12 NW. Guntoor.
Chin-tchen, t. China, of the third rank, in
Chen-si ; 20 N. Tong.
Chiny, X. Neth., in Luxemburg, on the Se-
moy ; 15 W. Arlon, 27 W. Luxemburg. Lon. 5.
20. E. Lat. 49. 34. N. Pop. 843. It was first
surrounded with walls about the year 950, by
Arnold de Bourgogne ; and was heretofore cel
ebrated for its beauty and riches, but has suf
fered greatly in different wars.
Chin-yong, see Chen-yon.
Chioggia, see Chiozza.
Chios, see Scio.
Chiova, X. Africa, and capital of a marquisate,
in Congo; 110 SW. St. Salvador.
Chiourlic, t, Eu. Turkey, in Romania; the
see of a Greek bishop, on a river' of the same
name ; 50 NW. Constantinople.
Chioz, t. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 36 N. Mal-
ogocz. Chiozza, or Chioggito, small isl. in the Adri
atic, near the coast of Italy, not far from the
mouth of the Brenta, with a town of the same
name ; the town contains 3 churches, and 8
monasteries; 13 S. Venice. Lon. 12. 12. E.
Lat. 45. 13. N. Pop. 15,000. Bp. see.
Chipiona, X. Spain, in Seville, on a rock, near
the coast of the Atlantic, near the mouth ofthe

CHI

395

CHI

Guadalquivir ; 5 SW. San Lucar de Barremeda.
Chipook Creek, r. Virginia, which runs into
James river, Lon. 77. 4. W. Lat. 37. 8. N.
Chippawyans, Indians, in N. A. ; E. of Slave
lake. No. 7,500.
Chippenham, t. Eng., in Wilts ; 13 ENE. Bath,
93 W.London. Lon. 2. 8. W. Lat 61. 27. N.
Pop. 3,410. It sends two members to parlia
ment : there is a considerable manufacture of
superfine woollen cloth. A market is held on
Saturday. Chippepar, t. Carnatic ; 8 NW. Coilpetta.
Chippewa, X. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 443.
Chippewa, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 681.
Chippeway, X. Upper Canada, on the Chippa-
way or Welland ; 2 NW. Niagara falls, 10 S.
Queenstown . This place is famous for a victory
gained near it, by the American troops over the
British, on 5th of July, 1814.
Chippeway, r. U. S. in NW. Territory, which
runs SW. into the Mississippi, Lon. 92. W. Lat.
43. 45. N. Length about 300 miles.
Chippeways, Indians, in NW. Territory, on
the Chippeway, in Michigan Territory, and in
Canada on the Utawas. No. according to Pike,
11,177; 2,049 Warriors.
Chipping-Norton, X. Eng., in Oxford, with a
weekly market on Wednesday; 20 NW. Ox
ford, 74 WNW. London. Lon. 1. 30. W. Lat.
61. 52. N. Pop. 1,975. Here are manufactures
of horse-clothing, and harateens.
Chipping- Ongar, see Ongar.
Chipping-Sodbury, see Sodbury.
Chiquimulla, X. Guatimala, in Honduras ; 50
W. Gracias a Dios.
Chiquitos, pr. S. A. in Buenos-Ayres, inhabit
ed, in the year 1732, by 7 Indian nations, each
composed of about 600 families. The coun
try is mountainous and marshy ; but the more
healthy soils produce a variety of fruits with
out culture ; the varilla is common, and a kind
of cocoa is found, whose fruit is more like a
melon than a cocoa-nut. It lies to the S. of
Moxes. Chirac, X. France, in Lozere ; 3 SW. Marve-
jols. Pop. 1,580.
Chirat, t. France, in Charente ; 3 N. Chaba-
nois. H. 270.
Chirazzo, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, Lon. 14. 4. E. Lat. 42. 42. N.
Chircira, see Manzora.
Chircooly, X. Carnatic ; 9 WNW. Ongole.
Chireumally, X. Hind., in Guntoor ; 20 SSE.
Guntoor. Chirens, X. France, in Isere ; 15 NNW. Gre
noble. Pop. 1,510.
Chirezour, t. Curdistan ; 60 E. Mosul.
Chirinos, X. Quito ; 25 NW. Jaen.
Chiriqui, or Chiriquita, X. Guatimala, in Ve-
ragua, on the coast of the Pacific ocean, with
a harbour, about a league from the sea, and 8
miles from the town ; 90 W. St. Jago. Lon.
83. 36. W. Lat. 8. 20. N.
Chiriqui, r. Mexico, which runs jnto the Pa
cific ocean, Lon. 83. 36. W. Lat. 8. 36. N.
Chirivicola, X. Naples, in the Capitanata ; 9
SW. Viesta.
Chiriqui Lagoon, large bay on the coast of
Mexico, in the Spanish Main. Lon. 82. W.
Lat. 8. 50. N.

Chirk, t. North Wales, in Denbighshire ; 6 N.
Oswestry. Pop. 1,142.
Chirkoury, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 14 N.
Ramgur. Chirnside, v. Scot, in Berwick ; 8 NW. Ber
wick. Chiro, r. Peru, which runs SW. into the Pa
cific, Lat. 4. 40. S.
Chiry, t. France, in Oise ; 3 SSW. Noyon.
Chisamo, or Kisdomo, (an. Cysamus,) t. Can
dia, on N. coast, in a bay between Cape Spada
and Cape Buzo ; 25 W. Canea. It was the port
of the ancient city Aptera, which is about 5
miles distant to the SE.
Chislehurls, v. Eng., in Kent, near Bromley.
Chismie, see Kishme.
Chisme, or Cisme, or Tchesme, (an. Cissus, or
Cyssus;) s-p. A. Turkey, on W. coast of Nato
lia, opposite the island of Scio, between which
and the continent is a narrow stiait; 40 W.
Smyrna. Lon. 26. 17. E. Lat. 38. 24. N. It has a
good harbour, and its territory furnishes grain
and fruit in abundance.
Chisoin, or Cisoing, t. France, in North, with
an abbey ; 6 NNW. Orchies.
Chiswell's Islands, cluster of small islands, in
the N. Pacific ocean, near west coast of N. A.
Lon. 211. 10. E. Lat. 59. 31. N.
Chissouemelau, r. Canada, which runs into the
Pickouagamis, 69 NW. St. John's lake.
Chiswick, v. Eng., in Middlesex, on the left
bank of the Thames ; 5 W. London. Pop. 3,892.
Here are many elegant buildings.
Chitapella, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 25 NW. Dal-
macherry. Chitcheena, isl. in the Caspian sea, about 10
miles long, and 2 broad, near W. coast. Lat.
43. 40. N.
Chitchelee, X. Hind., in Surgooja ; 44 E. Sur
gooja. Chitchura, X. Berar ; 22 ESE. Comtah.
Chitel, X. Hind., Guzerat; 32 N. Chitpour.
Chitlong, X. Nepaul. Lon. 85. 62. E. Lat. 27.
29. N. It is a small town, containing a few
brick and tiled houses.
Chitma, X. Hind., in the circar of Ruttunpour;
18 NE. Ruttunpour.
Chito, X. S. A., in Quito ; 60 S. Loxa.
Chitore, or Chetor, X. h fortress, Hind., in A-
gimere, capital of a district, situated on the top-
of a mountain, and is a place of great strength.
Chitpour, or Chiltipour, X. Hind., in Guzerat,
celebrated for its manufacture of chintzes ; 172
SW. Amedabad. Lon. 73. 3. E. Lat. 23. 45 N.
In 1567, this town, then in possession of an in-
dian prince, was besieged and taken by the
emperor Akbar. The garrison consisted of
8,000 soldiers, and the inhabitants amounted to
about 40,500; of these, 30,000 were killed.
Chitries, X. Morea, on the gulf of Coron. It
is a seaport of the Mainots.
Chitro, or Chitri, X. Eu. Turkey, in Macedo
nia ; 36 SSE. Edessa. This is supposed to be
the ancient Pydna, once the capital of Mace
donia, where Cassander put to death the wife
and son of Alexander the Great. In the neigh-'
bourhood, Paulus vEmilius, the Roman general,
defeated Perseus.
Chiltagong, or Xatigan? or Shatigan, circar,
Hind., between the Burrampooter river and A-

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racan, where the Portuguese made the first set
tlement. It is not so fertile in corn, as many
other parts of Bengal, and has but few cotton
manufactures, but produces excellent timber.
The capital of Islamabad, sometimes called
Chittagong. Sq. m. 3,000. Pop. about 1,200,000.
Chittagong, see Islamabad.
Chittamonpour, X. Bahar ; 18 N. Hagypour.
Chillapet, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 45 NW.
Pondicheny. Chittapilla, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 20 SCud-

Chitteldroog, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 85 NNW.
Seringapatam, 95 E. Bednore. Lon. 76. 29. E.
Lat. 14. 10. N. This is a fortress of prodigious
strength, situated on a high and steep rock.
Chittenden, co. W. side of Vt, bounded N.
by Franklin co., E. by Washington Co., S. by
Addison CO., and W. by lake Champlain. Pop.
in 1810, 18,120; in 1820, 16,055. Chief town,
Burlington. Chittenden, X. Rutland co. Vt. ; 30 NW. Wind
sor. Pop. 528.
Chilteningo, r. N. Y., which rises in Cazeno-
via, and runs into Oneida lake; 25 miles long.
Chitteput, X. Carnatic ; 14 N. Gingee.
Chittergour, t Orissa ; 46 SW. Cattack.
Chittim, or Chetim, the Hebrew name of Cy
prus, and Cilium.
Chillimoty, X. Carnatic; 42 N. Travancore.
Chitlinham, X. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 956.
Chitloor, t. Carnatic ; 38 NW. Arcot, 70 W.
Madras. Lon. 79. 15. E. Lat. 13. 16. N.
Chitloor, X. Hind., in Dindigul ; 30 W. Din
digul. Chitlra, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 72 SSW. Bahar,
83 S. Patna. Lon. 84. E. Lat. 24. 13. N.
Chitwa, t. Hind., in Cochin ; 12 N. Cranga-
nore. Lon. 76. 2. E: Lat. 10. 23. N.
Chiva, X. Spain, in Valencia ; 15 WNW. Va
lencia. Pop. 2,300.
Chiva, see Khieva.
Chivazzo, or Chivasso, X. Piedmont, in a plain,
near the union of the river Oreo with the Po ;
11 NE. Turin, 12 S. Ivrea. Lon. 7.47.E. Lat.
45. 12. N. Pop. 5,450 ; 9 churches. It has an
advantageous situation, and is defended with
ancient find new walls, bastions, and large fos
ses filled with water.
Chiuchiu, X. La Plata ; 32 S. Atacames.
Chiverney, t France, in Loir-and-Cher, On S.
side ofthe Conon; 9 SE. Blois.
Chivremont, see Bouvignes.
Chiumla, see Shiumla.
Chiusa, (La,) X. Italy, in Verona ; 9 NW.
Verona. This is a strong frontier town, situated
on the Adige, in a narrow pass, on the road
leading to Germany.
Chiusa, X. Piedmont ; SE. Coni. Pop. 5,969.
Chiusa di Venzone, (La,) X. Italy, in Friuli, on
a small river, called Filla, which runs into the
Tajamento ; a frontier pass on the borders of
Carintliia ; 14 Friuli, 17 N. Udina.
Chiusano, t. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 13
SSE. Benevento. Pop. 2,318. •
Chiusclla, r. Piedmont, which runs into the
Oreo, 1 WSW. Foglisso.
Chiusi, (an. Clusium,) X. Tuscany, in Sienna;
31 SSE. Sienna, 40 SSE. Florence. Lon. 12.
E. Lat. 43. 42. N. Bp. see. Pop. 100. It was .

a city of the Etrurians, and the residence of
Porsena, but is now reduced to a mean village.
— Native, Michael Angelo Buonaroti.
Chiustengi, see Kustangi.
Chiutaja, see Kiutaja.
Chize, X. France, Two Sevres, near the Bou-
tonne; 10 SW. Melle, 11 S. Niort. Pop. 600.
Chizilorabad, X. Curdistan ; 70 SSE. Kerkuk.
Chlenn, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 18 SE.
Konigingratz. ClUomin, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 13 NNE.
Prague. Chlopan, X. Volhynia ; 72 ENE. Lucko.
Chlumetz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 5 SW.
Konigingratz. Pop. 2,026.
Chlumetz, X. Bohemia, in Beraun; 7 SE.
Knin. H. 34.
Chmielnik, X. Rus. Podolia ; 50 NE. Kaminiec
H. 253.
Chmielowka, X. Podolia ; 46 ENE. Braclaw.
Chnin, see Knin.
Choam-yu-so, X. China, in Quang-tong; 48
ESE.Kao-tcheou. Choana, now Kom.
Choara, now Kaur.
Choarypal, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 5 S. Er-
road. Choasp, (an. Choaspes,) r. Persia, which cros
ses the province of Chusistan . from N. tq S.,
passes by Suster, and runs into the Shatel Arab.
It is thought, by some, to be the ancient Eulk-
us, or Ulai of Daniel.
Chobar, see Churbar.
Choboltivo, X. Volhynia; 36 W. Lucko.
Chobra, X. Hind., Bahar ; 20 NE. Hajypour.
Choc Bay, bay on W. coast of the isl. of St
Lucia, a little N. of Carenage bay.
Chocbar, see Chokbar.
Chocape, X. Peru, in Sana, containing about
70 Spanish families ; 80 N. Truxillo.
Chockpugry, X. Bengal ; 25 SE. Kishenagur.
Chocoya, X. S. A., in Peru; 25 N. Lipes. Lon.
68. 24. W. Lat. 21. 15. S.
Choccharmo, X. Thibet ; 27 NE.Toson7Hotun.
Choco, pr. S. A., in New Grenada, bounded
N. by the provinces of Darien and Carthagena,
E. and S. by Popayan, and W. by the Pacific
ocean. The soil, climate, Sic. are similar to
those of Popayan. Platina is found in this
province. Chocsoo-cocha, t. Peru, in Guamanga; 40 SW.
Guamanga. Chocolate River, r. America, which runs into
lake Superior, Lon. 87. 16. W. Lat. 46. 22. N.
Chocope, X. Peru, in Truxillo ; 30 N. Truxillo.
Choctaw, r. which rises in Alabama, and pas
ses through West Florida, and runs into St.
Rosa bay.
Choctaw Agency, in the Choctaw country,
Mississippi ; 4 W. Pearl river, 120 NE. Natchez,
W. 1,147. Here is a post office. It is in a fine
prairie country.
Choctaws, or Flat Heads, Indians, residing
between the Mississippi and the Tombigbee,
partly in Alabama, but mostly in Mississippi.
Their territory is'bounded N. and NE. by that
ofthe Chickasaws- Their number is estimated at
about 20, or 25,000. They are a hardy, intrepid,
and, ingenious race, and have made, within the
last 20 years, great advances in agriculture and

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other arts of civilized life. They raise cotton,
and manufacture it into cloth for their ordinary
use, and often appear well clad in garments of
their own making. — In 1818, the American
Board of Foreign Missions established a mission
among the Indians at Elliot, on the Yalo Busha,
a branch of the Yazoo ; and another establish
ment has been since made on the Ook-tib-be-
ha creek, a branch of the Tombigbee. The
mission has hitherto prospered. According to
a late report, there were belonging to it 200
neat cattle, a blacksmith's shop, various im
plements of husbandry, and mechanic tools,
and a school house, containing 60 or 70 chil
dren. Choczim, or C'okzim, X. Russia, in Podolia,
situated on S. side of the Dniester, near the
frontier of Poland ; 64 WNW. Mogilev, 107 N.
Jassy. Lon. 27. E. Lat 58.50. N. Pop. 20,000.
It formerly belonged to Turkey, being included
in the province of Moldavia, but was ceded to
Russia, with Bessarabia, in 1812. . It is very
irregularly built, and was made a fortress of
great strength, in 1718. — It is remarkable for 2
victories gained here by the Poles over the
Turks, in 1621 and 1683.
Chocul, X. Bengal ; 35 E. Moorshedabad.
Chodacut, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 27 E. Bettiah.
Chodda, now.Kidge.
Chodivoja,X. Walachia; 32 SSW. Bucharest.
Chodoroslau, t. Aust Galicia ; 20 SE. Lem
berg. Chodsesen, X. Pru., in Posen, district of Brom
berg, on the Netze. Pop. 2,593.
CAoe Mapauk, lake, Thibet, about 60 miles
in circ. Lon. 81. 10. E. Lat. 33. 38. N.
Chogda, X. Bengal ; 17 S. Kishenagur.
Chogong,X. Bengal ; 13 NE. Nattore.
Chohan, circar, Hind., in Allahabad.
Choluren, or Kohren, X. Saxony, in Leipsic ;
20 SSE. Leipsic. Pop. 402.
Choinitz, see Conitz-
Choiseuil, t. France, in Upper Marne ; 12 NE.
Langres. Choisy, X. France, in Seine, on the Seine ; 5
S. Paris. Pop. 1,150.
Choisy, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne; 12 N.
Provins. Choisey Bellegarde, X. France, in Loiret ; 22
W. Montargis.
Choisy le Roy, or Choisy sur Seine, X. France,
in Seine, on the Seine ; 6 S. Paris. Pop. 1,200.
Choka, X. Bengal, near the Ganges ; 36 N.
"Moorshedabad. Chokbar, X. Sindy, in Nusserpour, on the In
dus ; 20 SW. Nusserpour, 30 NE. Tatta.
Choke, X. Thibet ; 145 SSE. Lassa.
Chokey, X. Hind., in Berar; 52 NW. Maltoy.
Chokoor, X. Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo,
on the left bank of the Orontes ; 30 E. Latakia.
Cliola, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 8. S.
Cholawia, X. Rus. Minsk ; 42 SE. Minsk.
Choice, X. Hind., Visiapour; 50 SW. Poonah.
Chollet, X. France, principal place of a district,
in Mayne-and-Loire ; 18 W. Argenton, 27 SSW.
Angers. Lon. 0. 4S. W. Lat. 47. 3. N. Pop.
4,709. In Feb. 1794, the royalists were defeated
near this town, with great loss.
Cholm, X. Russia, in Pskov, on the Lovat ;

180 S. Petersburg. Lon. 31. 14. E. Lat. 57. N.
Clwlmogori, X. Russia, in Archangel, on the
Dwina ; 28 S. Archangel, 360 NE. Petersburg.
Pop. 500.
Cholmondeley's Island, bay or inlet, on E.
coast of the Prince of Wales' Archipelago, in the
North Pacific ocean. Lon. 228. 13. E. Lat. 55.
16. N.
Cholong, X. Thibet; 57 NNW. Chao-ma-hing-
Hotun. Choltitz, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim.; 6 NW.
Chrudim. H. 82.
Cholula, X. Mexico, in Puebla ; 60 E. Mexi
co. Lon. 98. 8. W. Lat. 19. 2. N. Pop. 16,000.
It was formerly a city of Anahuac, containing
in the time of Cortes, according to his account,
40,000 houses, independent of the adjoining
villages or suburbs, which he computed at as
many more. Its commerce consisted in man
ufactures of cotton, gems, and plates of clay ;
and it was much famed for its jewellers and
potters. With respect to religion, it may be
said that Cholula was the Rome of Anahuac.
The surprising multitude of temples, of which
Cortes mentions that he counted more than
400, and in particular the greater temple erect
ed upon ah artificial mountain, which is still
existing, drew together innumerable pilgrims.
This temple, which is the most ancient and
celebrated of all the Mexican religious monu
ments, is 164 feet in perpendicular height, and
at the base it measures on each side 1,450 feet.
It has 4 stories of equal height, and appears to
have been constructed exactly in the direction
of the 4 cardinal points. It is built in alternate
layers of clay and bricks, and is supposed to
have been used both as a temple and a tomb.
Cholzen, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim. H. 192.
Chomelis, X. France, in Upper-Loire ; 13 N.
Le Puy. H. 230.
Chomlah,X. Thibet; 40 S. Toudsong.
ChOmmerac, X. France, in Ardeche ; 3 SE.
Privas. Pop. 1,672.
Chomonchouan, lake, Canada ; 219 NW. Que
bec. Lon. 75.40. W. Lat. 39. 20. N.
Chomoton, or Chomulow, see Commotau.
Chomsk, X. Rus. Grodno ;. 56 E. Brzesc.
Chonac, or Koulei-Hsar, (an. Colonia,) X. A.
Turkey, in Sivas ; 40 NNE.. Sivas, 130 WSW.
Erzerum. Chonad, X. Hungary, situated on the Marosch ;
bp. see ; 25 N. Temesvar.
Chonas, X. France, in Isere ; 13 S. Vienne.
Chond, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut > 190 SW.
Amanzirifdin. Chonday, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 18 S. Bur-
hanpour. Chone, X. S. A., in Quito ; 100 WSW. Quito.
Chongbey, X. Thibet. Lon. 79. 41. E. Lat.
33. 27. N.
Chongong, X. Quito ; 40 W. Guayaquil.
Chong-tcheou, X. Corea ; 25 SW. Outcheou.
Chonos, isl., in the S. Pacific ocean, 20 miles
long, and 5 broad, near the coast of Chili ;
about it are a number of small islands and rocks,
called the Chonos Archipelago. Lat. of the
whole 44. to 47. S.
Chonos, (an. Colosse,) X. Natolia, on the Mein-
der, a little S. Degnizlu.
Choohoond, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 25 NE. Raa-
jngur. .

CHO

398

CHO

Chooka, t. Bootan ; 30 S. Tassasudon.
Chook-choo, one of the Ladrone islands. Lon.
113. 44. E. Lat. 21. 55. N.
Choo-Moorty, t. Thibet. Lon. 78. 54. E. Lat.
33. 57. N.
Clioonpour, t. Hind., Malwa; 32 SE. Bilsah.
Choorhut, t. Hind., in Boggilcund ; 25 E. Re-
wah ; 80 SW. Benares.
Chaos, t. France, in Ardennes ; 10 NW. Me-
zieres. Choper, r. Russia, which runs into the Don,
near Choperskaia.
Choperea, X. Bengal ; 4 W. Palamow.
Chopersk, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the Cho
per; 140 W. Saratov, 648 SSE. Petersburg.
Pop. 928.
Choperskaia, t. Russia, in the country of the
Cosacs, on the Don ; 60 SW. Arcbadinskaia,
192 NE. Asoph.
Chopora, X. Hind., in Soonda ; 12 NW. Goa.
Chopper, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the left bank
ofthe Ganges; 26 ESE. Hajypour.
Chopra, or Chobra, t. Hind., in Bengal ; 30
NE. Patna. It is the residence of the collector
of Saron and Champooran, districts which yield
an annual revenue of 14£ lacks of rupees. The
French and Dutch once had factories here,
chiefly for the purchase of saltpetre.
Choptank, r. which rises in Delaware, and
runs through Md. into Chesapeake bay, S. of
Tilghman's island.
Chopunnish Indians, N. A., on the Kooskoos-
kee and Lewis' river. No. 4,300.
Chopunnish, r. branch of the Kooskooskee, in
the Rocky mountains, N. A.
Chor Essire, or Churchoir, X. Persia, in Far
sistan, on the coast of the Persian gulf ; 44 S.
Busheer. Lon. 51.30. E. Lat. 28. 28. N. Here
are the ruins of a large castle, and of a pier.
Choramba, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 14 E.
Darpre. Choran Kiamen, post of Chinese Tartary ; 20
WNW. Nimgouta.
Chorapa, X. S. A., in Quito ; 25 W. Jaen.
Chorasan, or Korasan, pr. Persia, bounded N.
by Charasm and the countiy of the Usbec Tar
tars, E. by Bukharia and Candahar, S. by Se-
•gestan, and W. by Mazanderan and the Caspian
sea ; 450 miles in length, and 420 in breadth.
This countiy was anciently known by the name
of Ariana and Bactria. The principal towns are
Herat, Meschid, Kencf, Talekan, Merwa, Za-
weh, Sic.
Chordzin, now Tell-oui.
Choren, see Chohren.
Chorfakan, see Khorfakan.
Charges, (an. Caturiges,) X. France, in Higher
Alps ; 10 W. Embrun. Pop. 1,547. It was burnt
by the duke of Savoy, in 1692.
Chorillos, (Los,) X. Lima ; 6 S. Lima.
Chorin, X. Brandenburg; 6 S. Neu Angerm-
nude. Chorley, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near the source
ofthe small river Chor, from which it received
its name ; 20 NW. Manchester, 201 NW. Lon
don. Lon. 2. 48. W. Lat. 53. 37. N. Pop. 5,182.
Here are very large manufactures of cotton,
fustians, calicoes, and muslins. The environs
abound in mines of coal, lead, and alum, with
quarries of flag, slate, ashlar, and mill-stones.
There are 2 markets, on Tuesday and Saturday.

Chornah, t. Hind., Bahar ; 15 W. Rotasgur.
Choral, X. Russia, on the river of the same
name, in Kiev ; 100 SE. Kiev, 252 S. Peters
burg. Fop. 1,250.
Chorol, r. Russia, which runs into the Psol,
near Goltva, in Kiev.
Choromoros, r. Tucuman, which runs into the
Rio Dulce ; 20 SW. St. Miguel de Tucuman.
Chorosciessow, X. Rus. Kiev; 64 WNW. Kiev.
Choroski, X. Volhynia ; 18 NW Zytomiers.
Chorossoza, X. Rus. Grodno ; 28 N. Bielsk.
Chorro Manean, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon 120.
50. E. Lat 43. 18. N.
Chorsa, or Chorzene, now Kars.
Chosciabad, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 37 SW.
Sirgian. Choseso, X. Volhynia ; 64 E. Lucko.
Chostlarn, t. Bavaria ; 22 WSW. Passau.
Chota, t. Peru, in Caxamarca ; 60 NW. Caxa
marca. Chota, p-v. Blount co. Tennessee ; 73 Mur-
freesborough, W. 580.
CAota, t. Bahar ; 20 NW. Durbungah.
Chotastilz, t. Bohemia, Czaslau ; 2 N. Czaslau.
Choteesgur, see Ruttunpour.
Chotiebors, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 12 SSE.
Czaslau, 48 SE. Prague. Lon. 15. 25. E. Lat.
49. 50. N. H. 340.
Chotminsk, t. Russia, in Charkov ; 52 NNW.
Charkov, 588 SSE. Petersburg. Pop. 1,678.
Chotow, X. Rus. Minsk ; 22 SW. Minsk.
Chotul, X. Bengal ; 15 SSW. Calcutta.
Cholusitz, t. Bohemia, in Czaslau, where the
king of Prussia obtained a complete victory, in
1742 ; 5 N. Czaslau. H. 120.
Chotzemitz, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim, near the
Elbe ; 5 NE. Kaurzim.
Chotzen, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 3 NNE.
Hohenmaut. Chouang-leou, X. China, of the third rank, in
Se-tchuen; 11 SW. Tching-tong.
Chouangtal, t. Tartary, in Hami; 9 NW.
Tchontori. CAouM, t. Hind, in Allahabad ; 7 W. Currah.,
Chouca, X. Africa, in Upper Guinea, on the
river Maguiba, surrounded with rocks.
Choudagong, t. Bengal ; 12 S. Comillah.
Chouddpilly, X. Hind, in Dowlatabad ; 8 N.
Indelovoy. Choueri, or Kulle, or Gorgu, or Korgo, small
isl. in the Persian gulf, near the coast of Per
sia, and separated from the island of Karek by
a channel about a mile broad, which is a safe
passage for ships. It produces water and some
dates. Lon. 50. 30. E. Lat. 29. 10. N.
Choug, or Shogle, t. Syria, on the river 0-
rontes; 20 SE. Antioch. Here all travellers
without distinction are entertained in an excel
lent caravansera gratis for 3 days. It is in the
road from Aleppo and Saida.
Choui-chan, X. Corea ; 12 NW. Haimen.
Choui-frong, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 25 NE. Ki-ngan.
Choui-yng, X. Corea ; 20 SSW. Haimen.
Choui-king, t. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 65 E. Kan-cheou.
Choui-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang ; 12 S. Ouentcheou.
Choui-tchang, t. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang; 36 WNW. Tchu-tcheo.

CHO

399

CHR

Choui-tchang, t. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 18 W. Kieou-kiang.
Choui-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-si; 712 S. Pekin. Lon. 114. 64. E.
Lat. 28. 25. N.
Choui-Yuen, t. Corea ; 37 NE. Haimen.
Choukary, t. Hind, in Bundelcund ; 42 E.
Callinger. Choukee, mt. Bootan ; 120 E. Tassasudon.
Choul, (Lower,) s-p. fa fort, Hind., on the coast
of Concan, with a harbour for small vessels,
and a fort, formerly belonging to the Portu
guese ; 25 S. Bombay. Lon. 72. 46. E. Lat.
18. 36. N. Upper Choul, another s-p. fa fort,' is
not far distant.
Choulny, t. Hind, in Earamaul ; 21 S. Da-
rempoury. Chou-lou, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 12 SW. Ching.
Choumay, r. Cochin-china, which runs into
the Chinese sea, Lon. 107. 67. E. Lat. 16. 12. N.
Choupatou, X. Thibet ; 265 E. Lassa.
Chour, r. Cyprus, which runs into the sea, 9
NE. Famagusta.
Chouragur, X. Hind, in Gurry Mundlah ; 40
N. Deogur, 57 SW. Gurrah.
Chourapilly, t. Hind. Mysore ; 35 E. Colar.
Chourtang, X. Thibet ; 235 ESE. Lassa.
Choury, t. Hind, in Goondwanah ; 55 N. Nag
pour. Chousgimyan, t. Persia, in Chorasan; 220
NNE. Herat.
Choii-icheuen, X. Corea ; 30 S. Haimen.
Choutea, X. Bahar ; 170 WNW. Calcutta.
Chou-yang, t. Corea ; 40 NE. King-ki-tao.
Chouwera, X. Hind, in Guzerat ; 30 N. by E.
Wankaneer. Chouzi, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 15
NW. Tours. Pop. 3,314.
Chowan, r. N. Carolina, formed by the union
of 3 rivers, in the state of Virginia, which runs
into Albemarle sound, Lon. 76. 55. W. Lat.
36. 4. N.
Chowan, co. NE. part of N. Carolina. Pop.
in 1810, 5,297; slaves, 2,789. Pop. in 1820,
6,464. Chief town, Edenton.
Chowarah,X. Hind, in Oude, on the Dewah ;
45 SE. Fyzabad. Lon. 83. 13. E. Lat. 26. 30. N.
Chowdiapaleam, X. Hind, in Coimbetore ; 8
SE. Erroad.
Chowka, X. Hind, in Malwa; 30 SE. Bopaltol.
Chowka, t. Hind, in Bundelcund ; 6 S. Chat-
terpour. ,
Chowney, X. Hind, in Gohud ; 10 E. Raat.
Chowny, t. Hind, in Bundelcund ; 40 N. Chat-
terpour. Chowpareh, X. Hind, in Lahore, on the Indus ;
150 W. Lahore. Lon. 70. 50. E. Lat. 32. 12. N.
Chowry, one of the Nicobar islands, in the
E. Indian sea. Lon. 93. 30. E. Lat. 8. 27. N.
It is low, level, of a square form, and scarcely
half a league in diameter.
Chowsar, X. Hind, in Bahar, on the left bank
ofthe Dewah ; 4 S. Buxar.
Chowta, X. Hind, in Bengal; 36 SW. Moor
shedabad. Cho-yang, t. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 10 ENE. Siang-yang.
Choynika, or Konilz, X. W. Pru., in Dantzic,
on the Brahe ; 30 SSW. Dantzic. Pop. 2,499.

Lutheran churches, 2. Catholic church, 1.
Gymnasium, 1.
Chozevka, X. Siberia, on the river Tchiuna ;
180 ESE. Eniseisk.
Chrast, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 5 SE. Chru
dim. Pop. 1,200. It has a castle.
Chrast, X. Bohemia, in Boleslau ; 6 SE. Mel-
nik. Chrast, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 6 SE.
Chrudim. Pop. 1,200.
Chrebet Chandabga, range of mountains be
tween Russia and Chinese Tartary. Lon. 96.
to 101. E. Lat. 52. N.
Chrebet Dirjak, range of mountains between
Russian Tartary and Chinese Tartary. Lon.
96. E. Lat. 52. to 53. N.
Chrestoia, t. Istria ; 9 ESE. Capo d'Istria.
Chremnitz, see Cremnitz.
Chrisacra, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 4
NNE.Cirella. '
Christburg, or Kischpork, t. Prussia, in Mari
enwerder ; 12 SE. Marienburg, 20 S. Elbing.
Lon. 19. 13. E. Lat. 53. 54. N. Pop. 2,218.
Christburg, (Alt,) X. Prussia ; 7 SE. Christ
burg. Christchurch, parish, Charleston district, S. C.
Christchurch, X. Eng. in Hants ; 12 E. Poole,
101 WSW. London. Lon. 1. 45. W. Lat. 50.
43. N. Pop. 1,553. It is situated at the con
flux of the Avon and the Stour, about 3 miles
from the sea; a corporation and a borough
town, sending 2 members to parliament. Here
is a good salmon fishery.
Christdala, t. Sweden, in Smaland; 48 N.
Calmar. Christevnsfeld, or Christainsfeld, Moravian.
town of North Jutland.
Chrislianpreis, or Christian Peries, fort of
Holstein, erected by Christian IV. to defend th&;
town of Kiel ; 6 N. Kiel.
Christian, co. SW. part of Kentucky. Pop
10,469. Chief town, Hopkinsville.
Christian Sound, large arm of the Pacific
ocean, N. Cape Decision. Lon. 225. 50. E
Lat. 56. 13. N.
Christiana, hundred, in N. end of Newcastle
co. Delaware. Pop. in 1810, 6,693; in 1220,
8,355. Within it are the towns of Wilmington.
and Newport.
Christiana, r. Delaware, which rises in Pa.,
unites with the Brandywine, and flows into the
Delaware. It is navigable for vessels drawing-
14 feet of water to Wilmington, for those draw
ing 9 feet to Newport, and for those drawing 5
feet to Christiana-bridge. Length, 20 miles.
Christiana, or Christiana-Bridge, p-t New
castle co. Delaware, on the Christiana; 9 SW
Wilmington, 36 SW. Philadelphia, W. 100. It
has about 50 houses, and carries on a brisk
trade to Philadelphia in flour.
Christiana, (Great,) small isl. in the Grecian
Archipelago; 9 SW. Santorini. Lon. 25 15
E. Lat. 36. 20. N.
Christiana, (Little,) islet, or rock, near the
SE. coast of Great Christiana.
Christiania, city, s-p., capital and seat of go
vernment of Norway, and of the diocess of
Christiania, or Aggerhuus, situated in a bay or
gulf, about 25 miles from the sea. Lon 10 49
E. Lat. 59. 55. N. Pop. 11,000. H. l,60o!

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CHU

The town, though not large, is the best built
and most thriving place in Norway, having an
excellent harbour, regular streets, and neat
stone houses. It is the seat of the governor of
Aggerhuus, of the supreme court of justice,
and the see of a bishop, who is motropolitan of
Norway. It is divided into three parts, the city
and suburbs, the fortress of Aggerhuus, and the
old town of Opslo, or Anslo. A great annual
fair is held here on the 13th January. The city
contains a large military hospital, a military
school, a house of correction, 2 theatres, a
gymnasium, and a university, which was form
ed out of an academy in 1812, and has 16 pro
fessors. It has an excellent harbour ; the prin
cipal exports are tar, soap, iron, copper, planks,
and deals.
Christianople, or Christianobel, s-p- Sweden,
in Blekingen, on the Baltic. Lon. 16. E. Lat.
56. 15. N. Pop. 119.
Christiansand, s-p. Norway, cap. of a gov
ernment and bishopric of the same name, op
posite the island of Fleckeren. Lon. 8. 3. E.
Lat. 58. 8. N. Pop. 4,787. It is the see of a
bishop, and residence of the governor, and
contains a gymnasium ; the situation is conve
nient, and it has some trade in timber. — Pop.
ofthe government, 133,711. Sq. m. 14,800.
Christiansburg, t. Montgomeiy co. Va. ; 80
WSW. Lynchburg, 200 WSW. Richmond.
Christiansburg, fort, Africa, on the Gold
coast, belonging to Denmark, being the chief
settlement of that nation.
Christians- Oe, or Ert-Holm, group of islands,
in the Baltic, belonging to Denmark ; named
from the chief island, which bas a much fre
quented port, a light-house, and a castle. Lon.
14. 47. E. Lat. 55. 13. N.
Christianstad, X. Santa Cruz, in the West-In
dies, defended by a fortress on north coast.
Lon. 63. 23. W. Lat. 17. 46. N.
Christianstadt, X. Sweden, capital of a district,
in Schonen ; 57 W. Calscrona. Lon. 14. 69.
E. Lat. 56. N. Pop. in 1815, 2,762. The
town is well built, and strongly fortified ; the
houses are all of brick, and mostly stuccoed
white. Christianstadt, X. Pru. Lusatia, on W. side of
the Bober; 32 W. Glogau, 54 NE. Dresden.
Lon. 15. 15. E. Lat. 51. 52. N. Pop. 608.
Christiansville, p-t. Mecklenburg co. Va. on
the Meherrin ; 128 SSW. Richmond, W. 251.
Christiansund, s-p. Norway, in the island of
Fossen, with a commodious harbourand wharf;
36 NW. Drontheim. Pop. 1,642. The chief
trade is in timber.
Christie's Island, one of the Aladin islands, in
the Mergui Archipelago, of an oval form, and
10 m. in circ. Lat. 9. 16. N.
Christiem's Sea, see Baffin's Bay.
Chrisliern's Straits, see Hudson's Straits.
Christignelh, i. Wales, which runs into the
Dee, in Denbighshire.
Christina, t Finland; 82' ENE. Tavasthus.
Christina, X. Finland ; 50 WSW. Nyslot
Christinehamn, t. Sweden, in Warmeland, on
lake Wenner ; 16 E. Carlsbad. Lon. 13. 48. E.
Lat. 59. 20. N. Pop. 1,338.
Chrislinesladt, s-p. Finland ; 55. SSW. Vasa.
Lon. 21. 18. E. Lat. 62. 16. N.

Christisca, t. Plus. Podolia; 44 SSW. Bra-
claw. Christmas Harbour, or Baie de VOiseau, good
and safe bay on N. coast of Kerguelen's land,
Lon. 69. 4. E. Lat. 48. 41. S.
Christmas Island, island of the Pacific ocean,
about 15 or 20 leagues in circ. Lon. 215. 53.
E, Lat. 59. 37. N.
Christmas Sound, bay on the S, coast of Ter
ra del Fuego. Lon. of the entrance, 70. 16.W.
Lat. 55. 27. S.
Chrislofher, t. Poland, in Sandomirz; 16
SSW. Sandomirz.
Christorf X Bohemia, inBoleslau; 6 SSW,
Krottau. Chroberg, X. Poland, in Sandomirz; 52 W.
Sandomirz. Chroma, r. Siberia, which runs into the Fro
zen sea, Lon. 139. 14. E. Lat. 73. N.
Chronus, now Pregel.
Chrudim, t. Bohemia, and capital of a circle
of the same name, situated on a river called
Chrudiraka ; 50 E. Prague, 100 SE. Dresden.
Lon. 15. 40. E. Lat. 49. 53. N. Pop. 4,514.
The circle contains 33 towns: it is principally
remarkable for the great number of fish-ponds,
and an excellent breed of horses. Sq. m. 1,357.
Pop. 241,786.
Chrudimka, r. Bohemia, which runs into the
Elbe, near Paddubitz.
Chrysopolis, now Scutari.
Chvalinsk, X. A. Russia, in Saratov, on the
Volga ; 350 SE. Petersburg. Lon. 43. E. Lat.
52. 25. N.
Chuapa, X. Chili, on a river of the same name^
60 SSE. Coquimbo.
Chuapa, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 31. 16. S.
Chuar, X. Hind, in Guzerat; 35 SE. Puttatf
Suramaut Chubonian, X. Hind, in Lahore; 52 W. Firo-
sepour. Chuckerdaw, X. Bengal ; 15 SE. Curruckdeah.
Chuka, large stone fortress, Bootan, near
which there is a chain bridge of remarkable
construction over the river Tchinchiew. Lon.
89. 27. E. .Lat 27. 20. N.
Chuckerya, X. Bengal ; 42 S. Islamabad.
Chuckgroo, or Amrutsur, X. Hind, in Lahore;
22 SW. Callanore.
Chuckmussy, X. Hind, in Bahar; 11 W. Dnr-
bungah. Chuckrabatla, X. Hind, in Ruttunpour; 32
SW. Ruttunpour.
Chuckwa, X. Hind, in Bahar ; 13 SE. Bahar.
Chucuito, X. Buenos-Ayres, La Paz, on Lake
Titicaca, called also the Lake of Chucuito ; 175
S. Cusco. Lon. 70. 26. W. Lat. 16. S.
Chudaly, X. Hind. Guzerat ; 40 WNW. Gogo.
Chudenitz, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 8 SE.Tein-
itz. Chudleigh, X. Eng. in Devonshire, with a
weekly market on Saturday ; 9 WSW. Exeter,
183 W. London. Lon. 3. 35. W. Lat. 50. 36.
N. Pop. 1,832. The woollen manufacture is
carried on in this town.
Chuganserai, X. Candahar, on a river of the
same name; 80 NE. Cabul. Lon. 70. 8. E.
Lat. 34. 55. N.
Chuganserai, r. which rises in fjbe Kuttore

CHU

401

CHU

country, and runs into the Kameh, near Jalala
bad, in Cabulistan.
Chuilla, X. Guatimala, in Chiapa ; 130 SE.
Chiapa dos Espagnols.
Chukaws, Indian village, West-Florida, near
the Appalachicola. Lon.84.57.W. Lat. 31.52.N.
Chukotskijah, pr. Siberia', and the most east
erly of the dominions of Russia, extending from
the 157th to the 189th degree of E. Lon. and
from 63. to 73. 20. N. Lat.
CAuZamoni,district,Buenos-Ayres,E.ofLaPaz,
celebrated for its plantations of cocoa or betel.
Ckuldistan, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 60 SSE.
Ispahan. Chuli, see Xuli.
Chuhuteka, or Xeres, t. Guatimala, on N. side
of the river Fonseca. Lon. 90. W. Lat. 13.
20. N.
Chulymisser,X. Hind. Candeish ; 30 S. Indore.
Chulm, or Culm, X. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 6
NE. Eger.
CAum Creek, r. Virginia, which runs into the
Chesapeake, Lon.. 76. 14. W. Lat. 39. 22. N.
Chumarly, X. in Hind. Guzerat ; 20 W. Gogo.
CAum6e, v. Quito, in Cuenca. Lat. 3. 10.
S. According to Humboldt it is 12,000 feet
high. Near it are excellent hot baths.
Chumbivilcas, jurisdiction, Peru, near 90
miles in extent, with some mines of gold and
silver. The soil is fertile, and produces corn
and pasture for cattle in the greatest plenty.
Chumbivilcas, see Chalvanca.
Chumbull, r. Hind, in Agra, which rises in
Malwa, near Mundu, and after a course of about
440 miles, flows into the Jumna, 20 SE. Etaya.
Chumka,X. Hind. Bahar; 60 NNW. Bettyar.
Chumleigh, or Chimleigh, X. Eng. in Devon,
with a weekly market on Wednesday ; 20 NW.
Exeter, 193 W. London. Pop. 1,340.
Chumpa, X. Bengal ; 15 S. Palamow.
Chumpagaut, X. Hind., in a mountainous pass ;
27 N. Ganjam.
Champaneer, see Champaneer.
Chumperpour, X. Bengal ; 6 W. Boglipour.
Chumra, X. Hind., in Orissa; 46 E. Boad.
Chumularee, mt. Thibet, held sacred by the
Gentoos ; 7 NE. Paridsong.
Chunacally, small province, Bengal, bounded
N. and E. by Raujeshy, S. by Kishenagur, and
W. by Futtasing and Raujeshy. Cossimbazar
is the chief town.
Chunah, t. Hind., Visiapour ; 5 W. Poonah.
Chunah, circar, Hind., in Allahabad, bounded
N. by Benares, E. by Shawabad and Rotas, S.
by the circars of Singrowla and Chandail, and
W. by Boggilcund ; about 60 long, and 32 broad.
Chunargur is the capital.
Chunargur, or Chunar, X. h celebrated for
tress, Hind, in Benares, situated S. side of the
Ganges, on a rock, and surrounded with walls
and towers ; ceded to the English by the Na
bob of Oude ; 13 S. Benares. Lon. 83. 5. E.
Lat. 25. 10. N. The town of Chunar is situated
east of the fort, but is considered but little more
than the bazar of the garrison ; consisting of a
straggling collection of native huts and Europe
an burgalows. — The Church Missionary society
has a missionary bere.
Chunaub, (an. Acesines,) r. Asia, which rises
in the mountains, between Hindoostan and
Vol. I. 61

Thibet, and runs into the Indus, 20 W. Moul
tan. Length, including its windings, about 420
miles. Chunau-gaut, X. Hind., in Gohud, on the
Sinde ; 15 NE. Nawa.
Chuncher, X. Hind., in Singrowla ; 10 S. Sai-
pour. Chunchunpour, X. Hind., in Oude; 30 SE,
Goorackpour, Clmndaul, X. Bengal ; 22 WNW. Ramgur.
Chunder, X. Moultan, in the Afghan territo
ries, on the Dummoody river ; 75 S. Moultan.
Chundipora, X. Bengal ; 48 SSW. Dacca.
Chundli, small province, Bengal, bounded
W. by Raujeshy, and elsewhere by Bettooriah.
Chundsah, X. Bengal ; 5 S. Toree.
Chundual, X. Bengal ; -10 S. Nattore.
Chundula, X. Hind., in Sohagepour ; 28 N.
Sohagepour. Chundun, X. Hind., in Bejapour ; 10 N. Sat-
tarah. Chung, X. China,of the third rank, in Pe-tche-
li ; 20 NE. Peking. -
Chun-king, city, China, of the first rank, in
Se-tchuen ; 760 SSW. Peking. Lon. 105. 44. E.
Lat. 30. 50. N.
Chun-lieou, X. Corea ; 25 ENE. Koan-tcheou.
Chun-ngan, X. China, of the 3d rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 33 N. Kiu-tcheou.
Chun-ning, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan ; 420 SW. Peking. Lon. 99. 44. E.
Lat. 24. 37. N.
Chun-sag, X. Daghestan, not far from W. coast
of the Caspian sea. H. about 600.
Chun-tchan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Fo-kien; 20 WNW. Yen-ping.
Chun-tchuen, X. Corea ; 22 SE. Han-tcheou.
Chunte, city, China, of the first rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 200 SSW. Peking. Lon. 114. 19. E.
Lat. 37. 5. N.
Chun-tien, X. Corea ; 27 SSE. Koang-tcheou.
Chun-yan, X. Corea ; 25 S. Han-tcheou.
Chunnapunna, X. Hind., Malwa ; 14 E. Sagur.
Chunquen, small island, in the Pacific oceau,
near the coast of Chili. Lat. 44. 50. S.
Chunquinga, X. Peru, Cusco ; 100 W. Lampa.
Chuppaleah, t. Bengal ; 8 SE. Nattore.
Coupparah, t. Hind., in Goondwanah ; 56 DJ.
Ramteak, 75 N. Nagpour. Lon. 80. 2. E. Lat.
22. 22. N. This town is situated on a river, and
famous for the manufacture of iron.
Chuprah, t. Hind., Si cap. of Sarun, in Bahar ;
95 ENE. Benares, 272 NW. Calcutta. Lon. 84.
56. W. Lat. 25 47. N.
Chuprah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 48 SE. Goorack
pour. Chuprah, X. Hind., in the Candeish country ;
50 W. Burhanpour, 112 SSW. Indore. Lon. 75.
22. E. Lat. 21. 18. N.
Chuquinga, t. Peru, in Guamanga; 120 S.
Guamanga. Chuquisaca, see Lo Plata.
Chur, see Coire.
Chura, t. Guzerat ; 70 SW. Amedabad.
Churacooty, t. Hind., in Orissa; 38 SSW.Ba-
lasore. Churacooty, t. Bengal ; 34 WSW. Midnapour.
Churamund, X. Bengal, and principal place in
Delawrpour; 40 SE. Purneah, 72 N. Moor
shedabad. Lon. 88. 16. E. Lat 25. 26. N.

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402

CIC

Churan, t. Bengal ; 10 SW. Dacca.
Churaquer, X. Armenia ; 48 W. Erivan.
Churaschjt. Arabia; 44 S. Saade.
Churau, t Hind., in Allahabad ; 52 WNW.
Corah. Churbar, or Chobar, X. Persia, in a bay of the
Araiban sea, on the coast of Mecran ; 77 S.
Kidge. Lon. 60. 3. E. Lat. 25. 20. N.
Chunar, X. Hind., in Bundelcund, on the
Jumna ; 40 N. Callinger.
Church Bay, bay of the isl. of Rathlin, near
NE. extremity of Ireland.
Church Creek, X. Dorchester co. Md. ; 7 SW.
Cambridge. Church Hill, p-v. Queen Ann's co. Md. ; 9 NE.
Centreville, 85 SW. Philadelphia, W. 80.
Church Hill, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C. ; 96
Columbia, W. 545.
Church Hill, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C. ;
W. 544.
Church Island, small isl. in Currituck sound,
near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76. 8. W. Lat. 36.
22. N.
Church Point, cape on W. coast of Barbadoes;
1 N. Hole Town.
Church Rock, rock in the bay of Bengal, near
the coast of Ava. Lon. 94. 14."E. Lat. 17. 32.N.
Church, (States of the,) see States of the
Church. Church Stretton, (an. Bovium,) X. Eng., situ
ated in the most hilly part of Shropshire, where
innumerable flocks of sheep are kept ; 13 S.
Shrewsbury, 153 NW. London. Pop. 954. The
principal manufacture is making coarse cloth
tor the packing of hops and wool.
Churchill River, r. N. A.; which runs into
Hudson's bay, Lat. 59. N.
Churchoir, see Chor Essire.
Churchtown, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. ; 30 ENE.
Lancaster, 50 WNW. Philadelphia, W. 137.
Churchville, p-v. Middlesex co. Va. ; 80 Rich
mond, W. 141.
Churco, X. Caramania ; about 46 miles from
the island of Cyprus.
Churgeea, X. Bengal. Here is a pass across
the mountains ; 14 SW. Tomar.
Churn, r .'Eng., which rises in Coberley,or Cu-
berley ; 3 miles from Cheltenham, in Gloucester
shire, where it called Thames Head, and Seven
Heads. At Cricklade it is called the Thames.
Churnet, r. Eng., which rises in Staffordshire,
and runs into the Dove.
Chursan, X. Arabia ; 32 NE. Chamir.
Churwalden, v. Switz., in Grisons, which gave
name to a district ; 5 SE. Coire.
Churya, X. Bengal, Nagpour ; 28 N. Doesa.
Chusistan, or Kusistan, pr. Persia, bounded
N. by the Irak Agemi, E. by Farsistan, S. by
the gulf of Persia, and W. by the Tigris, which
separates it from the Arabian Irak. The coun
try is extensive, but thinly inhabited. It pro
duces corn, rice, cotton, sugar, tobacco, and
dates. The northern part is mountainous, but
the southern , flat and marshy. This country
was called by the Greeks, Susiana, from Susa,
the capital.
Chuska, X. Thibet; 25 WSW. Tankia.
Chuta, pr. Bengal, between Ramgur and
Nagpour. Chuta, X. Hind., in Oude ; 40 ENE. Goorac-
pour.

Chuta Boggah, t. Bengal, in Bettiah"; 20 NW.
Bettiah. Lon. 84. 26. E. Lat. 26. 53. N.
Chutanawar, t. Hind., in Bahar; 23 W. Bou
jepour. Chute, r. Eng., which runs into the Avon,
near Bath.
Chutteah, t. Hind., Oude ; 30 ESE. Fyzabad.
Chutteah, t. Hind:, Bahar; 25 NE. Nagpour.
Chutlergunge, X. Burdwan; 32 SSW. Burd
wan. Lon. 67. 38. E. Lat. 22. 48. N.
Chutterkote, X. Hind., in Bundelcund; 26 NE.
Callinger. Chultypaloo, X. Bengal ; 8 SSW. Ramgur.
Chuttypaloo, pass, Bengal, from the province
of Rumgur into the province of Nagpour ; 10
SW. Ramgur.
Chuwall, circar, Hind. ; about 100 miles
long, and from 23 to 40 broad. The river Pud-
dar crosses it. Janagur appears to be the chief
town. Chniwasch, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 70 SE.
Zareng. Chwaslow, X. Rus. Kiev ; 40 SSW. Kiev.
Chychendy, X. Hind., Oude ; 20 NNW. Corah.
Chyenne, or Chayenne, r. N. A., which runs
inter the Missouri, 1,310 miles from the Missis
sippi. Chyennes, Indians, about the heads of the
Chyenne and White river. No 2,000.
Chynepour, X. Bengal; 10 NW. Palamow.
Chyrot, X. Hind., Bahar ; 24 N. Durbungah.
Chylee, X. Hind., in Berar; 45 S. Nagponr.
Ciais, or Citais, X. Mingrelia, near the Black
sea ; 12 S. Anarghia.
Cialis, country, Independent Tartary, with a
capital ofthe same name ; bounded N.by Elulh,
E. by sandy deserts, S. by Grand Thibet, and
W. by Turkestan.
Cianganery, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 33
ENE. Travancore.
Ciono, t. Piedmont; 12 SE. Ivrea.
Ciora, t. Brazil. Lon. 38. 23. W. Lat. 3. 21. S.
Ciarnaux, see Czernaucii.
Cibalas, or Cibola, pr. N. A., in New Mexico,
inhabited by Indians.
Cibao, mt. near the centre of the isl. of His
paniola, which abounds in mines of gold, silver,
and copper.
Cibulon, X. Thibet; 8 NE. Zuenga.
Cibyra, see Buruz and Iburah.
Cicasica, pr. Peru, bounded N. and NE. by
the Andes and Larecaxa, E. by Cochabamba,
SE. by Paria and Oruro, SW. by Pacages, and
SW. by Omasyos ; 80 leagues from E. to W.
The surface, soil, and climate are various. Pop.
estimated at 50,000. It contains mines of gold
and silver, and yields an abundance of cocoa.
The capital is of the same name ; 40 NNW. 0-
ruro. Cicacole, X. Hind., in the circar to which it
gives name; 150 NE. Rajamundry, 308 E.
Hydrabad. Lon. 84. 8. E. Lat. 18. 16. N.
Cicacole, circar, Hind., on NW. coast of the
bay of Bengal, the largest and most fertile of
the northern circars ; 150 miles in length, and
from 60 to 30 in breadth.
Cicero, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y., on SW. side
of Oneida lake ; 57 W. Utica, W. 404. Pop. in
1810, 250 ; in 1820, 1,303.
Ciclut, fortress, Dalmatia, situated in an isl-

CIN

403

CIN

and, formed by the river Narenza ; 5 SW. Na-
renza, 40 N. Ragusa. Lon. 18. 9. E. Lat. 42.
67. N.
Cicoli, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 13 SW.
Celano. Cicolla, r. Dalmatia, which runs into the
Kerka ; 3 N. Scardona.
Cidagar, or Cidaia, X. Java.
Cidrasso, X. Italy, in the Valteline ; 5 SW.
Sondrio. Cieehanowiec, X. Russia, Grodno, in Bialys-
tock, on the Nurzek ; 75 NE. Warsaw. , Pop.
2,651. Jews 1,715.
Ciecieref r. which rises in Poland, and runs
into the Dnieper, 28 W. Kiev.
Ciekanow, or Ciechanow, X. Poland, in Maso
via ; 40 N. Warsaw. Pop. 751.
Cienegas, X. S. A., in the province of St. Mar
tha ; 20 S. St Martha.
Ciercellee, mt. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile, once celebrated for its marble quarries.
Cieux, X. France, in Upper- Vienne ; 13 NW.
Limoges. Pop. 1,200.
Cifuentes, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 22 S.
Siguenca. Cigliano, X. Piedmont, Vercelli. Pop. 3,055.
Cigliano, X. Popedom, in the Orvietan ; 4 N.
Orvieto. Ciguatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, Lon. 108. W. Lat. 2. 24; N.
Cilia, t. on east coast of Malacca, on a river
of the same name. Lon. 101. 20. E. Lat. 7.
10. N.
CiAa, r. Malacca, which runs into the Chi
nese sea, Lon. 101. 22. E, Lat. 7. ,11. N.
Cilbianus Campus, now Durgut.
-Cilicia, ancient country, SE. part of Asia
Minor, now a part of Aladulia. Chief city,
Tarsus. Cilley, (an. Celtia,) X. Stiria, on the rive Save,
and capital of a circle ; 130 SSW. Vienna. Lon.
15. 25. E. Lat. 46. 40. N. Pop. 1,508. The
inhabitants of the town speak German and
Sclavonian, but those in the villages only the
latter. The circle contains 1,314 sq. m. 170,480
inhabitants, 38,945 H.
dim, see Silm Menou.
Cilma, see Gelmah.
Ciloca, X. Peru, on the coast of the Pacific
ocean ; 40 W. Arequipa.
Cilongo, pr. Congo, near the Atlantic.
Oman Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main,
near the Musquito shore. Lon. 82. 56. W. Lat.
11.45. N.
Cimbergo, X. Italy ; 4 N. Breno.
Cimbria, and Cimbrica Chersonesus, now Jut
land. Cimeges, X. France, in Dordogne ; 7 SW. Ber-
gefac. Cimolis, now Argentiera.
Cimone, mt. Italy, N. of mount Velino. It is
a summit of the Apennines, 6,000 feet above
the level of the sea.
Ghmbrishamn, or Cimbrishaven, s-p. Sweden,
in Schonen ; 24 S. Christiantadt : Pop. 848.
Cin, or Cini, t Lower Siam, at the mouth of
a river, on E. coast, Lon. 99. 52. E. Lat 11.
40. N.
Cinaloa, pr. N. A., on west side of Mexico,
comprehended under the intendancy of Sono-

ra, lying between New Biscay and the gulf of
California; 300 miles long, 150 broad. The air
is pure and healthy, the land good and fertile,
producing abundance of maize, legumes, fruits,
and cotton. The natives are robust and war
like, and were with difficulty brought to submit
to the Spaniards ; they make use of bows with
poisoned arrows, clubs of red wood, and buck
lers. Pop. 60,000.
Cinaloa, or St. Felipey St. Jago, t. Mexico,
in a province of the same name ; 630 NW. Mex
ico. Lon. 106.40. W. Lat. 26. 26. N. Pop. 9,500.
Cinaloa, r. New Mexico, which-runs into the
gulf of California, Lat. 25. 40. N.
Cinapak,, X. on W. coast of the isl. of Minda
nao. Lon. 124. 25. E. Lat. 6. 34. N.
Cinca, r. Spain, which rises in the Pyrenees,
crosses the province of Aragon, and joins the
Segre, a little before its union with the Ebro.
Cincinnati, city, & cap. Hamilton co, Ohio,
on N. bank of the Ohio, 20 miles above the
mouth of the Great Miami, 122 above Louis
ville, 465 below Pittsburg by water, and 300 by
land ; 85 N. Lexington, 93 W. by S. Chillicothe,
109 SW. Columbus, W. 504. Lon. 84. 27. W.
Lat. 39. 6. N. Pop in 1805, 500; \n 1810,2,540;
in 1815, 6,500; in 1820, 9,642, Buildings in
1819, 1,890;- 432 of brick, 1,458 of wood;
dwelling houses 1,304.
The city is divided into 4 wards, regularly
laid out, and well built, and its situation is
pleasant, healthy, and considerably elevated.
It contains a court house, 3 brick market hous
es, 4 banks, a Lancasterian school, a public
libraiy of 1,400 volumes, a medical college, in
stituted in 1820, 10 places of public worship, a
hospital, a museum, 4 printing offices, a steam
mill, 87 feet by 62, of 9 stories, 1 woollen and
4 cotton manufactories, 2 glass houses, a sugar
refinery, 2 breweries, a type foundery, an air
and brass foundery, also the building of the
Cincinnati Manufacturing Company, which is
150 feet by 37, of 4 stories, besides other man
ufacturing establishments. The funds of the
Lancasterian Seminary have lately been in
creased by a subscription of $30,000, with a
view of erecting it into a college. Mathe
matics, natural philosophy, chemistry, and the
learned languages are now taught here.
Cincinnati was first laid out in 1788, and be
gan to flourish after 1794, since which time its
growth in population, wealth, and trade has
been exceedingly rapid, and it is now the largest
town in the western country above New Or
leans. -«
Cincinnatus, p-t. Courtland co. N. Y. ; 14 SE,
Homer, 140 W. Albany, W. 354. Pop. 885.
Valuable iron ore is found here.
Cinerelh, see Tabaria.
Cinesi, t. Sicily, in the valley of Mazara ; 20
W. Palermo. Excellent manna is collected in
its neighbourhood-
Ciney, see Chiney.
Cingolo, X. Popedom, in Ancona ; 22 SW. A-
nana, 72 NW. Fermo.
Cinkowicza,X. Russia ; 25 WNW. Sluck.
Cinolis, now Kinoli.
Cinque Mars. X. France, Indre-and-Loire; 10
NW. Tours.
Cinque Ports, seaports, Eng., on the coasts of

C1R

404

CIR

Kent and Sussex ; Dover, Sandwich, Hastings,
Hithe, Romney, Winchelsea, Rye, and Seaford.
They were originally only 5, the 3 latter having
been declared ports subsequent to the first in
stitution. They are under a lord warden, and
were endowed with considerable privileges.
They are all borough towns, sending each two
members to parliament, under the title of Bar
ons of the Cinque Ports.
Cinque Villas, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 6 NE.
Almeida. Cinquel, X. Sumatra, on W. coast of a river of
the same name.
Cinle, see Zinte.
Cintegdbelh, t. France, in Upper Garonne,
situated on the Arriege ; 16 S. Toulouse. Pop.
2,984. Cinthiania, see Cythania.
- Cintra, t. Portugal, in Estramadura, situated
between the mountains of Cintra, anciently
called the Mountains ofthe Moon, at the mouth
ofthe Tagus ; 13 NW. Lisbon. Pop. 1,900.
Cintruenigo, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 9NW. Cas-
cante. Cinzano, ,1. Piedmont ; 5 SSE. Chivazzo.
Ciolarhaiidala, see Coromandel.
Ciopra, X. Napaul ; 14 SW. Nogarcot
Ciorlu; see Chiourle.
Ciotat, (La,) s-p. France, in Moufhs-of-the-
Rhone ; 12 SE, Marseilles, 22 SSE. Aix. Lon.
5. 37. E. Lat. 43. 11. N. Pop. 6,117. It is situ
ated at the bottom of a bay, in the Mediterra
nean, in a country, which produces delicious
fruit, oil, and excellent wine. The harbour is
in the form of a horse-shoe, and defended with
several forts.
Cipieres, X. France, in Var ; 10 N. Grasse.
Cipsela,X. Romania; 24 NNW. Gallipoli.
Cipuria, X. Mingrelia; 16 WSW. Rnki.
Ciquatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, Lat. 24. 5. N.
Ciro, t. Sardinia, on E. coast ; 32 NE. Cagli-
ari. Loh. 9. 50. E. Lat. 39. 41. N.
Ciro, small isl. near E. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 9. 55. E. Lat 39. 38. N.
Circaum, now Monte Circcllo.
Circar, name given in Hind., to a tract of
countiy, which, in the opinion of Maj. Rennel,
is not very dissimilar to the term county, in
England, few of them being of less extent than
the largest English county.
Ci¥cars, (Northern.) These are five circars,
lying to the north ofthe Carnatic, or Madras;
Cicacole, Condapilly, Ellore, Rajamundry, and
Guntoor. The first four occupy the sea-coast
from the Chilka lake, on the confines of Cat
tack, to the northern bank of the river Kisthah,
forming, comparatively, a long, narrow slip of
countiy, 350 miles long, and from 20 to 75
wide. The English have divided the country
into five collectorships, Ganjam, Vizagapatam,
Rajamundry, Masulipatam, and Guntoor. The
country is well watered, the soil fertile, pro
ducing abundance of rice, all other kinds of
grain, tobacco, sugar, and cotton. The manu
factures are salt, muslins, chintzes, calicoes, Sic.
Pop. estimated at 2,500,000, mostly Hindoos.
Sq. geo. m. 17,000.
Circassia, in Russian Tcherkess, countiy, A-
sia, occupying a great part of the territory be

tween the Black and Caspian seas. Its extent
and boundaries are not well defined, but have
been stated as follows ; bounded N. by the riv
er Don, E. by the Caspian sea and the mouths
of the Volga, S. by Mount Caucasus and the
Black sea, and W. by the Black sea and sea of
Azof. The country is pleasantly diversified
with mountains, valleys, woods, lakes, and riv
ers ; not wanting in natural fertility, but badly
cultivated. It is included in the Russian gov
ernment of Caucasus ; inhabited by a multitude
of small, independent, and hostile tribes. These
tribes acknowledge a species of vassalage to
Russia, but neither pay tribute, nor perform
military service. The government is a feudal
aristocracy, similar to that which existed in
Europe, in the 12th century. The favourite
occupation of the Circassians is war, and their
chief pride is placed in their arms and their
horses. Their agricultural produce is barely
sufficient for their own use. They raise many
sheep and bees; their grain is chiefly millet,
with a little barley and maize. Their principal
traffic consists in slaves, honey, wax, skins of
cattle, deer, and tigers.
The Circassians were partially converted to
Mahometauisin during the last century ; a part
of them formerly professed Christianity ; but
their religion is, in a great degree, paganism.
They are remarkably distinguished by the ele
gance of their external appearance. Theimen
are tall, of an athletic, though slender form ;
their features expressive, their air haughty and
martial. The beauty of the females has been
long celebrated, both in Europe and the East ;
and Circassian captives are esteemed the
brightest ornaments of an eastern seraglio.
Every care is taken to preserve this valued
quality. The Circassian or Georgian girls are
sold for the seraglios of Turkey and Persia,
from £20 to £100, according to their beauty.
The merchants, who come to purchase them,
are mostly Jews.
Circecium, now Kerkisia.
Circei, see St. Felicita.
Circello, see Monte Circello.
Circleville, p-t. fa cap. Pickaway co, Ohio, on
E. side the Scioto ; 18 N. Chillicothe, 24 S.
Columbus, W.424. Lon. 81. W. Lat. 39. 40. N.
The site of the town consists of 2 ancient forts,
nearly equal in size, and adjacent to each
other ; one an exact circle, the other an exact
square, each of its sides being 55 rods long.
The circle is surrounded by two walls of earth,
enclosing a ditch ; the square by a single wall,
about 10 feet high, where it is not removed.
The walls of the circular fort were about 20
feet high, measuring from the bottom of the
ditch. The town of Circleville covers all the
circle, from which it derives its name, and the
western half of the square. These walls will
almost entirely disappear in a few years. The
town is esteemed a curiosity, on account of its
site and form. It is situated 3 miles N. of the
Pickaway Plains, in a fertile countiy ;: is a
flourishing town, and contains an elegantbrick
octagonal court house, a market house, and has
considerable trade.
Circou, r. Malacca, which runs into the Chi
nese sea, Lon. 101. 24. E. Lat. 7. 19. N.

CIS

I

405

CIT

Cirl, t. France, in Lower Charente ; 7 N.
Rochefort. Ciretta, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, near
which were formerly mines of gold, silver, and
lead, vestiges of which are now visible ; 8 SSE.
Scalea, 28 SSE. Policastro. Lon. 15.55. E. Lat.
39. 48. N.
Cirella, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Calabria. Lon. 15. 54. E. Lat. 39.
46. N.
Cirencester, or, as it is pronounced, Ciceter,
(an. Durocornovium,) i. Eng., in Gloucester
shire, near the river Churn ; 17 SE. Gloucester ;
90 W.London. Lon. 1.40. W. Lat. 51. 44. N.
Pop. 4,540, Two markets are held weekly, on
Monday and Friday ; it sends two members to
parliament. Cirenza, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 12 N.
Gierace.
t Cirenza, see Acerenza.
drey, X. France, in Meurte ; 3 E. Blamont.
Pop. 800.
Giriamhava, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 34. 36. W. Lat. 8. 42. S.
Cirie, X. Piedmont, in Turin, on the Doria ;
8 NNW. Turin. Pop. 3,461. It is situated near
the foot of the Grecian Alps, and contains 3
parish churches, and several religious houses.
Cirica, t. Popayan ; 80 N. Cali.
Grig, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 11.30. S.
Cirignola, (La,) t. Naples, in Bari ; 30 ESE.
Lucera. Lon. 16. E. Lat 41. 18. N.
Cirknilz,X. Carniola, situated on a lake, sur
rounded with steep and rude mountains, with a
considerable staple for salt ; 14 SSW. Laybach,
168 SSW. Vienna. Lon. 14. 20. E. Lat. 46.
5. N.
Cirknitz, (an^ Lugea Palus,) lake, Carniola ;
6 from Laybach ; 7 m. long, and 3 broad ; re
markable for the phenomena which it exhibits.
The waters retire through apertures at the bot
tom, and in 25 days the bed of the lake becomes
dry, and is cultivated ; and always within four
months the waters return, and it is again filled.
The lake sometimes thus empties itself thrice
in a year, and sometimes not once for several
years. Cirl, see Zirl.
Ciro, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 22 NNE.
St. Severina. Lon. 17. 23. E. Lat. 39. 25. N.
Cirsago, X. Italy, in Belluno ; 8 NE. Belluno.
Cirto, now Constantina.
Cirvalla, X. Hind.,Golconda ; 40 SSE. Canoul.
Cirvalla, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 38 WSW.
Gandicotta. Cisalpine Republic, state of Italy, created by,
or at least under the protection of, the French
republic, in 1796, and acknowledged by the
emperor of Germany, in 1797, at the peace of
Campo Formio. It included the duchies of
Milan, Mantua, Modena, and Guaslallo ; the
Bergamasco, the Bressan, and that part of the
Veronese, which lies on the right bank of the
Adige ; the Ferrarese, Bolognese, and Romag-
na, with a small part of the Grisons, and the
Italian bailiwicks; comprehending 3,447,384
inhabitants. It was divided into 20 departments.
In the year 1805, it was formed into a kingdom,
and Napoleon, emperor of the French, crowned

at Milan ; andcin 1814, the greater part of this
countiy was restored to Austria.
Cisano, X. Italy ; 10 WNW. Verona.
Cislago, t. Italy ; 15 NNW. Milan.
Cismar, t. Holstein, not far from the Baltic ;
17 N.Travemunde. Lon.11.2. E. Lat.54.14.N.
Cisme, see Chisme.
Cismone, r. Tyrol, which runs into the Bren-
ta, near Kofel.
Cismone, X. Aust. Italy, in Vicenza ; 24 NW.
Trevigio, 27 N. Vicenza. Lon. 11. 42. E. Lat.
45. 54. N. Pop. 1,800.
Cisso, now Pago.
Cissus, now Chisme.
Cistene, see Castello Rosso.
Cistema, X. Piedmont ; 12 ESE. Turin.
Cisterna, t. Popedom, in the Campagna di
Roma ; 6 NE. Nettuno. ,
Cisterna Nuova, X. Naples, in the Capitanata ;
4 SE. Monte Angelo.
Cisternino, X. Naples, in Bari ; 16 SSE. Mo
nopoly Pop. 3,588.
Citais, see Gas.
Citeaux, X. France, in C6te d'Or, and district
of Beaune ; 3 E. Nuits. Pop. 670.
Cithibeb, or Citibeb, X. Morocco, in Tedla ;
9 E. Tefza.,
Citium, see Larnic and Chedi.
Citlaltapetl, see Orizaba.
Citluc, t. Dalmatia, belonging to the Turks,
fortified ; 12 N. Narenza, 60 E. Spalatro.
Glow, t. Bohemia, Schlan ; 10 SE. Raudnitz.
Citlaro, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra, near the
coast of the Tuscan sea ; 18 W. Bisignano.
Citta di Castello, (an. Tifernum,) X. Popedom,
in Umbria, on the Tiber ; 23 SW. Urbino, 9?
N. Rome. Lon. 12. 14. E. Lat. 43. 28. N.
Pop. 6,000. It contains 10 churches and 20
convents. Cittadella, or Ciuda Della, or Jamna, s-p.
Minorca, with a good harbour on NW. coast
surrounded with walls and bastions. Lon. 3.
50. E. Lat. 40. 2. N. Pop. 2,400. It contains
2 churches and 4 convents.
Cittadella, t. Italy, in Padua, on the Brentel-
lo ; 19 NNW. Padua. Lon. 11. 45. E. Lat.
45. 38. N. Pop. 5,800.
Citta Ducale, see Civita Ducale.
Cilta Nuova, X. Istria ; 7 S. Umago, 16 S.
Capo d'Istria. Lon. 13. 20. E. Lat. 45. 35. N.
Pop. 832. Bp. see. It is situated on an isth
mus at the mouth of the Quieto, which forms a
harbour for vessels of the largest size. It is a
very old, decayed town, and supposed to oc
cupy the site of ancient AZnomia, or CEnomia.
Cilia Nova, X. Macedonia ; 35 SW. Scopia.
Citta detta Pieve, X. Popedom, in Perugia ; 18
W. Perugia, 69 N. Rome. Lon. 12. 4. E. Lat
43. N. Bp. see. Pop. 2,400.
Citta del Sole, X. Tuscany, on the Montone ;
16 SSW. Ravenna, 36 NE. Florence.
Citta Vitloriosa, see Vittoriosa.
Citlab, X. Arabia, in a small bay ; 2 miles from
Mascat. Citti, see Chedi.
Cittowany, X. Samogitia ; 10 N. Rosienne.
City Point, p-v. Prince George co., Va., on
the S. side of James' river, at the junction of
the Appomatox ; 100 m. above Hampton roads
12 E. Petersburg, 25 SE. Richmond, W. 15s'.

CIV

406

CLA

Lon. 77. 32. W. Lat. 37. 18. N. James river
is navigable to this place for large ships, which
come up here to load.
Ciucior, t. Thibet ; 15 SW. Lassa.
Civdad de Bahia, see St. Salvador.
Civdad de las Palmas, see Canary.
Civdad Real, X. Spain, and capital of La
Mancha, celebrated for a manufacture of lea
ther for gloves ; 57 S. Toledo. Lon. 4. 3. W.
Lat. 39. N. Pop. 6,400. Here are 3 churches,
9 convents, and 5 hospitals.
Civdad Real, X. S. A. on the Oronoko. Lon.
66. 15. W. Lat. 7. 50. N.
Civdad Real, see Chiapa dos Espagnols.
Civdad Realde Guayra, t. S. A. in Paraguay,
near the Parana ; 230 ENE. Assumption. Lon.
54. 31. W. Lat. 24. 45. S.
Civdad de los Reyes, X. S. A. in St. Martha.
The land is fertile, and abounds in pastures.
Civdad del Rey Felippi, X. built in the year
1585, oh the continent of S. A., near the straits
of Magellan, but soon abandoned.
Civdad del Rio del St. Pedro, X. S. A., in Bra
zil, situated at the mouth of the river St Pedro.
Lon. 34. 15. W. Lat. 32. S.
Civdad Rodrigo, (an. Lancia, or Mirobriga,)
t. Spain, in Leon, on the river Aguada; 45
SSW. Salamanca. Lon. 6. 33. W. Lat. 40.
25. N. Pop. 11,000. Bp. see. It was built by
Ferdinand H. as a rampart against Portugal,
from which it is only about 8 miles distant. —
The fort containing 6,000 men was surrendered
to the French under Massena, July 10, 1810,
having been bombarded 25 days ; and on 19th
Jan. 1812, it was taken by storm by the British,
under lord Wellington, after a siege of 11 days.
Civeaux, t France, in Vienne ; 8 W. Mont-
moriilon. Civida, or Civita, X. Italy, on the Oglio ; 3
SW. Breno, 25 miles from Brescia.
Cividad del, or Citta di Friuli, see Friuli.
Civita, (La,) X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ;
24 E. Ariano.
Civita d'Antina, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ;
11 NW. Sora, 25 S. Aquila.
Civita Aquana, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra;
15 E. Aquila.
Civita d'Arno, X. Popedom, in the Perugiano ;
3 ENE. Perugia.
Civita Borella, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ;
18 S. Lanciano, 50 N. Capua. Lon. 14. 14. E.
Lat. 41. 55. N. Bp. see.
Civita de Cascia, X. Popedom, in Umbria ; 5
SW. Norcia.
Civita Caslellana, X. Popedom, in St. Peter,
on a mountain near the Tiber ; 24 N. Rome.
Lon. 12. 22. E. Lat. 42. 18. N. Bp. see.
Civita di Chieti, or Teli, (an. Teate,) city,
Naples, and capital of Abruzzo Citra ; 78 NE.
Rome, 93 N. Naples. Lon. 14. 2. E. Lat. 42.
22. N. Pop. 12,234. Abp. see. It contains 4
churches and 9 convents, and is situated near
the Pescara.
Civita de Conte, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra;
5 NE. Civita Borello.
Civita Durale, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on
the Velino ; 5 E. Rieti, 20 WNW. Aquila. Lon.
13. 4. E. Lat. 42. 28. N. Pop. 8,747. Bp. see.
Civita Lavinia, X. Popedom, in the Campagna
di Roma ; 4 miles from Veletri.

Civita Lupdrella,t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra;
2 N. Civita Borello.
Civita Mandonia, s-p. Naples, in Calabria
Citra, on the gulf of Tarento ; 15 NNE. Bisig-
nano. Lon. 16. 30. E. Lat. 39. 52. N. Near it
are the ruins of Sybaris.
Civita a Mare, X. Naples, in Capitanata, near
the sea, once bp. see ; 13 ESE. Termola.
Civita Nuova, t. Popedom, in Ancona, in the
road from Loretto to Fermo ; 7 miles from the
former, and 9 from the latter.
Civita Nuovo, X. Naples, in the Molise; 5
NNW. Molise.
Civita di Penna, (an. Pinna,) t. Naples, in
Abruzzo Ultra; 10 SE. Teramo, 23 ENE.
Aquila. Lon. 13. 55. E. Lat. 42. 27. N. Pop.
7,266. Bp. see.
Civita Reale, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 13
NW. Aquila.
Civita de St. Angelo, X. Naples, in Abruzzo
Ultra, on a mountain ; 50 ENE. Aquila, 84 N.
Capua. Civita Tomassa, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ;
6 SW. Aquila.
Civita Vecchia, or Malta, t. situated on a hill
in the centre of the island of Malta, strongly
fortified. Pop. 5,000. Bp. see. The town is
so situated, that from it may be seen the whole
island, and sometimes the coasts of Africa and
Sicily. Civita Vecchia, (an. Centum Celiac,) s-p.
Popedom, in the Patrimony of St. Peter; 27
NW. Rome. Lon. 11. 45. E. Lat. 42. 5. N.
Pop. 12,000. The port was enlarged and ren
dered commodious by Trajan ; it is one of the
best in the papal dominions, and next to Anco
na in commercial importance. The Popete
gallies lie here. The air is unhealthy, and the
water not good.
Cevita Vecchia, s-p. N. coast of the island of
Lesina, with a convenient harbour; 8 NE.
Lesina. Civitara, t. Naples, in Capitanata; 2 NE.
Dragonera. Civitella, fortress, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra;
7 N. Teramo, 24 S. Fermo.
Civitella,X. Naples, inOtranto ; 5 NE. Tarento.
Civitella, X. Tuscany ; 20 S. Sienna.
Civitella, t Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 15 S.
Sulmona. Civitella dell' Abazed, X. Naples, in Abruzzo
Ultra ; 24 E. Aquila.
Civrac, X. France, in Gironde ; 7 E. Libourne.
. Civray, or Sivray, X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Vienne, on the Charente ;
25 S. Poitiers, 27 SW. Montmorillon. Lon. 0.
24, E. Lat. 46. 9. N. Pop. 1,484.
Civry, X. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 7 ENE.
Chateaudun. Gus, now Kemlik.
Ciza, X. Tucuman ; 12 N. St. Fernando.
Cizi, valley, France, of which St Jean-Pie-
de-port is the capital.
Ckeboe, X. Norway ; 6 SSE. Drontheim.
Clachland, small isl. Scot, near E. coast of
Arran. Lon. 5. 10. W. Lat. 55. 33. N.
Clackamus, r. N. America, which rises from
Mount Jefferson, and flows into the Multnomah.
Clackamus Indians, N. America, on the Clack
amus. No. 1,800.

CLA

407

CLA

Clackmannan, t. Scot, in the county to which
it gives name, situated on a small river, about
a mile from the Forth ; 6 ESE. Stirling. Lon.
3. 50..W Lat. 52. 7. N. Pop. 3,605. There
are 3 collieries, and some considerable, iron
works in the parish. Near the town is an an
cient building, called Clackmannan tower, long
a seat of the Braces.
Clackmannanshire, co. Scot, surrounded on
all sides by Perthshire, except on the SW.,
where it is bounded by the river Forth, which
divides it from Stirlingshire. It is about 9 miles
broad from N. to S., and where longest from E.
to W. about 12 miles. Sq. m. 48. Pop. 12,010.
Families, 2,781 ; 280 engaged in agriculture ;
893 in trade and manufactures ; 1,608 other
wise. This is a plain fertile country towards
the Forth ; but the N., which is bordered by
the Ochill hills, abounds both with corn and
pasture. Clackstar Indians, N.America, near the mouth
ofthe Multnomah. No. 1,200.
Cladaw, t. Pru. Dantzic ; 9 S. Dantzic.
Cladovia, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia.
Clagenfurt, X. Austria, capital of Carinthia,
and of a circle ofthe same name, on the Glan,
built square, and surrounded with a good wall ;
50 N. Trieste, 132 SW. Vienna. Lon. 14. I.E.
Lat. 46. 40. N. Pop. 9,143. H. 730. Bp. see.
It is well built, and contains 7 churches, 2 hos
pitals, a gymnasium, a lyceum with a library.
Here is a manufacture of cloth, and a society
for the promotion of agriculture and useful arts.
Pop. of the circle, 162,759. H. 26,932. Sq. m.
1,874. Claggon Bay, bay, Ireland, on the coast of
Galway, S. Claggon Point.
Claggon Point, cape, Ireland, on W. coast of
the county of Galway. Lon. 10. 4. W. Lat. 53.
34. N.
Claiborne, co. E. Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
4,798 ; slaves, 327. Pop. in 1820, 5,508. Chief
town, Tazewell.
Claiborne, co. Mississippi, on E. side of the
river Mississippi. Pop. in 1810, 3,102 ; in 1820,
6,963. Claiborne, or Fort Claiborne, p-t. Si cap. Mon
roe co., Alabama, on the Alabama, at the head
of schooner navigation, 60 miles above Fort
Stoddart, and about 100 from the gulf of Mexi
co ; 26 E. St. Stephens, 80 N. by W. Pensacola,
88 S. Cahawba, W. 1,031. Lon. 87.50. W. Lat.
31. 50. N. It is one of the most considerable
and flourishing towns in Alabama. The river
is navigable to this town at all seasons, for ves
sels drawing 6 feet water.
Claida, X. Arabia ; 20 E. Jidda.
Gain, r. France, which passes by Poitiers,
and runs into the Vienne, 3 S. Chatellerault
Gains, X. Eng. in Worcestershire ; 4 NNE.
Worcester. Pop. 1,463.
Claira, t.France, in Eastern-Pyrenees; 5NE.
Perpignan. Clairac, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, ad
vantageously situated in a valley, on the Drot ;
3 SE. Tonneins, 13 N. W. Agen. Pop. 5,900.
The inhabitants raise tobacco and corn, and
make a great quantity of wine and brandy.
Claire, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 10 N.
Rouen.

Clairevaux les Vauxdain, X. France, in Jura,
9 SE. Lons le Saunier. Pop. 1,200.
Clairvaux, t.France, in Aube, which took its
name from a celebrated abbey built there in
the year 1115; 6 S. Bar sur Aube.
Clairvaux, or Clenaux, t. Neth. Luxemburg,
on the Wiltz ; 6 NE. Bastogne. Pop. 860.
Claise, r. France, which runs into the Creuse,
near la Haye.
Claix, X. France, in Isere; 4 S. Grenoble.
Pop. 1,348.
Clam, X. Austria ; 1 W. Gran.
Clamart sous Meadon, v. France ; 4 SSW.
Paris. Clamecy, X. France, principal place of a dis.
trict, in Nyevre, at the conflux of the Beuvron
and the Yonne; 21 S. Auxerre, 33 NNE.Nevres.
Lon. 3, 35. E. Lat. 47. 27. N. Pop. 5,034.
Clamonoctomich Indians, on NW. coast of N,
A. No. 260.
Claniatas, Clannarminnamuns, and Clannah-
quehs, Indians, N. A., »n Wappatoo island, in
the Columbia. No. 510.
Clanis, now Chiana.
Clano, see Klan.
Clapham, v. Eng. in Surry, with numerous
country houses, inhabited by rich citizens ; 3
S. London. Pop. 3,864.
C7ap River, r. Louisiana, which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 91.22. W. Lat. 30. 49. N.
Clapps Isles, small islands in the E. Indian
sea, near S. coast of Java. Lon. 105. 27. E.
Lat. 7. 6. S. They are uninhabited.
Clara, (La,) X. Cuba; 18 NW. Spiritu Santo.
Clara, r. America, which runs into the De
troit, Lon. 82. 45. W. Lat. 42. 34. N.
Clara, or Mel, isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Siam, in the Mergui Archipelago; about
9 miles in circumference. Lon. 97. 50. E. Lat.
11. 4. N.
Claramonte, X. Sardinia ; 14 SE. Sassari. Lon.
8. 45. E. Lat. 40. 46. N.
Ctaratumba, X. Poland, in the palatinate of
Cracow; 4 E. Cracow. It has a celebrated
abbey. " Clare, X. Eng. in Suffolk ; 14 S. Bury St Ed
munds, 56 NNE. London. Lon. 0. 38. E. Lat.
52. 50. N. Pop. 1,170. It is situated on the
Stour, with the ruins of a castle and a monas
tery ; there is a weekly market on Friday. —
According to Camden, the titles both of Clare
and Clarence were taken trom this town.
Clare, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Galway, on
E. by Tipperary, S. by Limerick and Kerry,
and W. by the sea. It contains 79 parishes,
about 17,400 houses, and 104,000 souls. Some
parts of the county are mountainous, which
however feed a great number of cattle and
sheep ; while the more level grounds are very
fertile, and yield good crops of corn and hay.
Chief town, Ennis.
Clare, r. Ireland, which runs into the Corrib,
4 N. Galway.
Clare, isl. Ireland, near SW. coast of Cork,
about 3 miles long, and one wide. On NW.
point of this island, on a rock in the sea, stands
a castle ; to the E. of which is the cove of Tra
Kieran, or St Kieran's Strand, where a pillar of
stone, is found with a rude cross, supposed to
be the work of that saint. This stone is held in

CLA

408

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great veneration, and much resorted to by pil
grims annually on the 5th of March, St. Kie-
ran's festival. This island has frequently been
plundered. Lon. 9. 32. W. Lat. 51. 51. N.
Clare, isl. Ireland, near the coast of Mayo,
about 4 miles long, and 1* wide. Lon. 9. 49.
W. Lat. 53. 49. N.
Clare, v. Ireland, in Clare ; 2 S. Ennis.
Claremont, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H., on E. side
ofthe Connecticut; 11 N. by E. Charlestown,
24 N. Walpole, 25 S. by W. Dartmouth college,
50 W. by N. Concord, W. 472. Pop. in 1810,
2,094; in 1820,2,290. The principal village is
pleasantly situated on Sugar river, 4 E. of the
Connecticut, and contains 2 handsome meeting
houses, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 built
jointly by Methodists and Universalists ; a pa
per mill, and several other valuable mills.
There is an Episcopal church 2J W. of this vil
lage. Clarence, or Willink, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y.,
on the Tonnewanta; 280 W. Albanv, W. 412.
Pop. in 1810, 1,331 ; in 1820, 3,278.
Clarence, r. France, which joins the Nave to
form the Robek, near St. Venant.
Clarence, see Chiarenza.
Clarendon, p-t. Rutland co. Vt; 34 W. Wind
sor, W. 435. Pop. 1,712. In the W. part of
this town, on the SW. side of a mountain, is a
curious cave, with an entrance 2^ feet in dia
meter, descending with an angle of 35 or 40
degrees with the horizon to the distance of 31
feet, where it opens into a spacious room 20
long, 12£ wide, and 18 or 20 high. The water
is constantly percolating through the top, and
has formed stalactites of various shapes.
Clarendon River, see Cape Fear River.
Clarendon, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 208 W.
Albany, W. 405.
Clar.endon,\. Eng. in Wilts ; 3 NE. Salisbury.
Here was once a royal palace, in which the
parliament was several times convened.
Clarendon, parish of the island of Jamaica.
Clarendon Fort, fort on W. coast of Barba
does; 2 S. Speight's town.
Claret, t. France, in Herault; 15 N. Mont-
pellier. Claret, t. France, in Lower- Alps ; 1 1 N. Sis-
teron. Claridon, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio ; 270 N. E.
Columbus, W. 350. Pop. 398.
Clarimonte, t. Naples, in Basilicata ; 13 SW.
Tursi. Garitza, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, at the
mouth of the Peneo ; 20 E. Larissa. Lon. 22.
54, E. Lat. 39. 45. N.
Clark, co. Ohio, N. of Green co., formed in
1818. Pop. 9,533. Chief town, Springfield.
Clark, co. central part of Kentucky. Pop. in
1810, 11,519; slaves, 2,934. Pop. in 1S20,
11,449. Chief town, Winchester.
Clark, co. W. part of Georgia. Pop. in 1810,
7,628 ; slaves, 2,394. Pop. in 1820, 8,767 —
Chief towns, Athens and Wafkinsville.
Clark, co. Indiana. Pop. 8,709. Chief town,
Charlestown. Clark, co. Alabama. Pop. 5,839. Chief town,
Woodstown. ¦Clark, X. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,210.
Clark, co. Illinois. Pop. 931. Chief town,
Aurora.

Clark, co. Arkansas. Pop. 1,040. — W. 1,312.
Clark, X. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 1,892.
Clark's Creek, i. Pa., which runs .into the
Susquehanna, ton. 77. W. Lat. 40. 21. N-
Clark's Ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. ; W
128. Clark's Fork, r. N. America, which rises in
the Stony mountains, and runs into the Yel
lowstone. Clark's River, r. N. America, which rises in
the Stony mountains, and, after a winding
course of about 900 miles, joins the Columbia
about 600 miles from its mouth.
Clark's River, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Ohio, Lon. 89. 12. W. Lat. 36.42.N.
Clarksborough, p-t. Jackson co. Georgia ¦
110 NW. Augusta, W. 689.
Clarksburg, X. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 33 NNE.
Lenox, 125 W. Boston, Pop. 274.
Clarksburg, p-t. Montgomery co. Md. ; 15
miles from Fredericktown, W. 28.
Clarksburg, p-t. fa cap. Harrison co. Va., on
E. side of the Monongahela, 40 miles above
Morgantown ; 325 NW. Richmond, W. 227.
Clarksfield, p-t. Huron co. Ohio, 137 Co
lumbus, W. 396.
Clarksfield, p-t. Clinton co. Ohio, 85 Colum
bus, W. 360.
Clarksfield, p-t. Pike co. Missouri, 83 St.
Louis, W. 974.
Clarkson, p-t. Monroe co. N. Y. on Lake On
tario; 20 W. by N. Rochester, W. 386. Pop.
1,612. Clarkstown, p-t. Si cap. Rockland co. N.Y.,
on W. bank of the Hudson ; 28 N. New York,
W. 261. Pop. 1,808. Here is a small village
called New City, which contains a court house
and jail.
Clarksville, p-v. Greene co. Pa. ; 239 Harris-
burg, W. ?61.
Clarksville, t. Mississippi, on E. bank of the
Mississippi ; 30 S. Natchez.
Clarksville, p-t. fa cap. Montgomery co. Ten
nessee, on N. bank of the Cumberland ; 60 NW.
Nashville. W. 762. Lon. 88. 57. W. Lat. 36.
25. N. It contains a court house, a jail, anda
printing office, and near the town there is an
academy. Clarksville, X. Clark co. Indiana, on the Ohio,
below the rapids, 2 miles below Jefferson ville.
It has a safe harbour for boats, was first sef>
tied in 1783, and contains only about 40 houses.
Clarksville, p-t. Clark co. Alabama ; 118 Ca
hawba, W. 1,060.
Clan, t. Chili, which runs into the Maule, at
Cauqueues. Claros, see Calmiha.
Clarthy, r. Wales, in Cardigan, which joins
the Clarwan at NW. extremity of Brecknock.
Clarwen, r. Wales, which runs into the Wye,
near Rhaider-Gowy.
Classberg, mt. Ger. ; 10 W. Meinungen.
Classendorf X. Bohemia, in the circle of Lei-
meritz; 5 N. Camnitz.
Clavandy, t Hind., in Coimbetore ; 15. NNE.
Daraporum. Classet, X. N. A., near the coast of the N. Pa
cific ocean, about 2 miles from Cape Flattery.
The inhabitants resemble in most respects the
people of Nootka ; their persons, garments, and
behaviour, are very similar.

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409

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Clatsop Indians, N. A., at the mouth of the
Columbia. No. 200.
Clatt, v. Scot, Aberdeenshire ; 10 S. Huntly.
Clauda, now Gozo.
Claudiopolis, now Bastan fa Eskelib.
Cloven, see Chiavenna.
Claverack, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 6 E. Hud
son, 35 S. Albany. Pop. 2,813. This is an ex
cellent agricultural town, and contains good
lime stone, some slate, and a mineral spring.
Claverack Creek, r. N. Y., which joins Kin-
derhook Creek, N. of Hudson city. Length 28
miles. Clavijo, v. Spain, in Old Castile ; 6 miles from
Logronno. It is remarkable for a victory obtain
ed by King Ramira over the Moors.
Clavo, X. Corsica ; 8 ESE. Ajaccio.
Clous, X. Tyrol, Bregentz ; 1 NNE. Bregentz.
Clausen, X. Tyrol ; 6 SW. Brixen. Pop. 900.
Clausen, X. Pru. in Lower Rhine ; 5 S. Wittlich.
Here a battle was fought in 1735.
Clausenburg, or Colosvar, X. Transylvania,
capital of the Land of the Hungarians and of a
county of the same name, on the Samos ; 145
NNE. Belgrade, 225 ESE. Vienna. Lon. 23. 35.
E. Lat. 46. 44 N. Pop. 20,000. H. 1,200. It be
came the seat of government of Transylvania
about 1790. It is situated in a romantic valley,
surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains, and
has a handsome public square, several elegant
streets, fine gardens, and public walks. It con
tains 5 Cath. chh. 2 Calvinist, 1 Luth. 1 Unita
rian, 2 hospitals, a Catholic college containing,
in 1814, 232 students ; a Reformed College
with 636 students ; and a Unitarian College with
206 students.
Clousthal, X. Hanover, in Upper Hartz. 15 S.
Goslar, 25 NE. Nordheim. Lon. 10. 20. E. Lat.
51. 48. N. Pop. 7,092 ; mostly miners. H. 816.
It contains 2 churches, an house of orphans, a
public school, a small garrison, and a mint for
coining money. Near it are silver mines.
Clausz, X. Austria ; SSW. Steyr.
Clausnitz, X. Hanover, in Erzgebirg; 14 SSE,
Freyberg. Clawedok, r. Denbighshire, in North-Wales,
which runs into the Clwyd, 4 N. Ruthin.
Clay, X. Eng., on N. coast of Norfolk, with a
small harbour ; 28 ENE. Lynn. Lon. 1. E. Lat.
52. 58. N. Pop. 595. It has large salt works,
from whence salt is sent to Holland and the
Baltic, as well as to the coast of England.
Clay, r. Lower Siam, which runs into the
gulf, Lon'. 100. 25. E. Lat. 8. 31. N.
Clay Branch, r. N. H., which runs into the
Connecticut, S. of Orford.
Clay, co. Ken. Pop. in 1810,2,398; slaves 141.
Pop. in 1820, 4,393. . Chief town, Manchester.
Claye, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 7 W.
Meaux, 15 E. Paris. Pop. 810.
Clayetle, (La,) t. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ;
10 ENE. Marcigny. Pop. 1,089.
ClaysvUle, p-v. Washington co. Pa. ; 251 W.
Harrisburg, W. 246.
Clayton, X. Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 518.
Clayton, X. Eng., in the West Riding of York
shire ; 3 SW. Bradford. Pop. 2,469.
Clayton le Moor, t. Eng., in Lancashire. Pop.
1,423. Claytonsville, p-v. Buncombe co.N.C; W.579.
Vol, I, 52

Clazomena, now Vourla.
Gear Creek, X. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 2,444.
Clear Creek, X. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 309.
Clear Creek, X. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 1,174.
Clearfield, co. central part of Pa., bounded N.
by M'Kean co., E. by Lycoming and Centre
cos., S. by Cambria co., and W. by Indiana and
Jefferson cos. Pop. in 1810, 875 ; in 1820, 2,343.
Clearfield, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 875.
Clearfield, X. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 515.
Gearach, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5.22. W. Lat. 57. 55. N.
Cleat, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5. 12. W. Lat. 58. 4. N.
Cleaveland Bay, bay on NE. coast of New
Holland, W. of Cape Cleaveland. *
Clebucz, X. Dalmatia; 11. SSE. Mostar.
Cleberg, X. Prussia ; 4 SE. Allenstein.
Cie6urg,orK7e6urg,t.France, in Lower Rhine;
28 SSW. Deux-Ponts.
Clecy, t France, in Calvados ; 10 W. Falaise.
Pop. 2,141.
Cledagh, r. Wales, which runs into the Usk,
in Monmouthshire.
Cledagh, r. Wales, which runs into the Neath,
5 N. Neath, in Glamorganshire.
Cledagh, r. Wales, which runs into the Neath,
at Neath, in Glamorganshire.
Cledagh, r. Wales, which runs into the Muth-
vey, 2 E. Langadok, in Caermarthenshire.
Cledagh, r. Wales, which runs into the Clethy,
in Pembrokeshire.Cledaghvagh,r.Eng., which runs into the Usk.,
1 W. Abergavenny.
Cleden, X. France, Finisterre ; 6 W. Pontcroix.
Cleden, X. France, Finisterre ; 5 SW. Carhaix.
Cleder, X. France, Finisterre ; 4 W. St. Pol-
de-Leon. Cleedewen, r. Wales, which runs into the Dun-
gledy, in Pembrokeshire.
Cleenish, isl. Ireland, lake Erne ; 3 Enniskillen.
Gees, (Les,) or Les Esclees, X. Switz., in Berne,
situated on the Orbe, on the road to France ; 8
SW. Yverdun.
Clef, (Le,) lake, Louisiana. Lon. 93. 6. W.
Lat. 32. 3. N.
Clefmont, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 17 S.
Bourmont Clefs, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 6 N.
Bauge. Cleguerec, X. France, Morbihan ; 6 NW. Pon-
tivy. Pop. 3,793.
Clement Town, p-t. Amelia co. Va. ; W. 189.
dementi, X. Albania ; 44 N. Dulcigno.
Clements fehr, X. Prussia, Pomerelia ; 10 NNE.
Marienburg. Clement Town, p-v. Amelia co. Va. ; W. 189.
Clemont, t. France, in Loiret ; 12 SW. Gien.
Clemont, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 12 E.
Chaumont. Clenze, X. Hanover, in Luneburg ; 30 SE.
Luneburg, 40 ENE. Zell. Lon. 11. 15. E. Lat.
52. 56. N.
Clenze, (Lower,) X. Hanover, in Luneburg ; 8
SW. Luckow.
Cleobury, or Geobury Mortimer, t. Eng., ift
Salop, on the Temde, with a market on Thurs
day; 8 W. Bewdley, 136 NW. London, Pop
4,582. Lon. 2. 32. W. Lat. 52. 24, N,
Clerac, see Clairac.

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410

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Cleres, X. France,Lower-Seine ; 10 N. Rouen.
Clerevaux, t.France, Aveiron; 8 NW. Rhodez.
Clerff, see Clairvaux.
Clergoux, X. France, in Correze ; 6 NE. Tulle.
Clerieux, X. France, Drome ; 5 NW. Romans.
Clerince, X. Rus. Podolia; 44 SSW. Braclaw.
Clerke's Islands, in N. Pacific Ocean, are two
islands of considerable extent. Lon. 189. 45. E.
Lat. 63. 24. N.
Clerke's Rocks, cluster of Rocks in the S. At
lantic Ocean, about 40 E. the island of Georgia.
Lat. 55. S.
Clermont, p-t Columbia co. N. Y., on E. bank
of the Hudson ; 45 S. Albany, W. 332. Pop.
1,164. The elegant seat of the late Robert R.
^.ivingston, is in this town.
Clermont co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 15,820.
Chief town, Williamsburg.
Clermont, t. Savoy ; 4 E. Sayssel.
Clermont, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 9
W. Agen-
Clermont en Argonne, t France, and chief
place a district, in Meuse, situated on an emi
nence, surrounded with woods and pastures ;
7 E. St. Menehould, 12 WSW. Verdun. Lon. 5.
9. E. Lat. 49. 7. N. Pop. 1,598.
Clermont,or Clermont en Beauvaisis,X. France,
and principal place of a district, in Oise, situated
on an eminence, near the Bresche ; 7J posts N.
Paris ; 8 S. Amiens. Lon. 2. 30. E. Lat 49. 22.
N. Pop. 1,995.
Clermont Ferrand, (an. Auguslonemetum, and
Arvemi Claramons,) city, France, capital of
Puy-de-Dome : 23± posts W. Lyons, 46| S. Pa
ris. Lon. 3. 5. E. Lat. 45. 47. N. Pop. 30,397.
H. 2,167. Bp. see. It contains an elegant cathe- ,
dral, 9 chh., 5 hospitals, an academy, a botanic
garden, and a public library. The streets are
mostly narrow, crooked, and gloomy. Before
the revolution it was the capital of Auvergne,
situated on a small eminence, at the foot of a
lofty mountain. Its commerce is in corn, wine,
wool, woollen stuffs, tammies, serges,linen,lace,
fac. — There are some mineral springs near ; and
the water of a brook, which passes through one
of the fauxbourgs, petrified a wooden bridge to
perfect stone, so that carriages can pass over. —
It is called Clermont Ferrand, from the town of
Montferrand being united to it, and forming
One of the fauxbourgs. — Nalive, Blaise Pascal.
Clermont Gallerande, X. France, in Sarte ; 3
NE. La Fleche. H. 290.
Clermont de Lodeve, X. France, in Herault;
20 W. Montpellier. Pop. 5,224. The chief trade
is in wool and cattle, with manufactures of
cloth and hats for exportation.
Clerval, t France, in Doubs ; 21 NE. Besan
con. Pop. 1,118.
Gervaul, X. France, Vienne ; 5 N. Chatelle-
rault. Clery, t. France, Somme ; 3 NW. Peronne.
Clery, t. France, in Loiret ; 7 SW. Orleans. .
Pop. 2,439.
Clethy, r. S. Wales, which rises in Pembroke
shire, about 5 SE. Newport, and joins the Dun-
gledy, 4 N. Pembroke.
Cleton, r. Wales, which runs into the Dee, 2
below Bala, in Merionethshire.
Getter, \: Wales, Cardiganshire, which runs
into the Dovy, a few miles below Machynleth.

Cleveland, district, Eng., in York, on the bor
ders of Durham.
Cleveland, p-t. fa cap. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on
Lake Erie at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, 54
NW. Warren, 131 NW. Pittsburg, 170 NE. Co
lumbus, W. 387. Lon. 81.46. W. Lat. 41. 31. N.
Pop. 606. It contains a bank, and has some
trade. It is a noted place for embarkation to
various parts of the lake. During the late war
it was a considerable depot for provisions, and
munitions of war, and also a place for building
various kinds of boats.
Cleves, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, near N. bend
of the Ohio, 4 NE. the mouth of the great Mi
ami, 16 W. Cincinnati, W. 520.
Cleves, t. Virginia ; 2 N. Port Royal.
Cleves, (an. Clivia,) city, Pru., capital of a
government of the same name, in the province
of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, formerly capital of a
duchy to which it gave name in Westphalia ;
12 SE. Nimeguen, 65 NW. Cologne. Lon. 6. 7.
E. Lat. 51. 48. N. Pop. 4,789. It is a neat town,
and has an ancient castle of Schawanenburg,
a collegiate ch., 1 Lutheran, 1 Calvinist, 1 Men-
onist, and a synagogue ; is the seat of a medi
cal college and a gymnasium. It is situated on
the river Kermisdal, rather more than 2 m, from
the Rhine, on the brow of a hill, surrounded
with walls, but not strongly fortified. W
Cleves, ci-devant duchy, Ger. bounded N.'by
Overissel and the bishopric of Munstef,:E. by
the bishopric of Munster and county of Reck
linghausen, S. by the county of Mark. and
duchy of Berg, and W. by Guelderland and
Brabant ; about 40 miles in length and from 10
to 12 in breadth. Sq. m. 880. Pop. 125,000,- The
air is healthy, but the soil is unequal. — The in
habitants chiefly cultivate corn, tobacco, and
legumes. — The principal towns are Cleves',fCal-
car, Wesel,Duisburg, Xanten, Rees, and Em
merich. — The present Prussian government of
Cleves includes the above, together with some
additional territories. It is divided into 6 cir
cles^ and contains 210,625 inb. and 1,145 sq.
miles. CleiMs, now Chiesa.
Clew Bay, or Newton Bay, large bay on W.
coast of Ireland, 12 m. from E. to W. and 7
from N. to S. with a great number of small
islands. Lon. 9. 40. W. Lat. 53. 49. N.
Clilchy lo Gorenne, t. France, in Seine ; 3
NNW. Paris. Pop. 1,360.
Clie, lake, Upper Canada. Lon. 80. W. Lat.
44. 20. N.
Cliff, or Cliff Regis, or King's Cliff, X. Eng., in
Northampton, with a weekly market on Tues
day ; 8 S. Stamford, 88 N. London. Lon. 0. 31.
W. Lat. 52. 35. N. Pop. 966.— Native, Win.
Law. Clifford, p-t. Susquehanna co. Pa. ; W. 274.
Pop. 681.
Cliffy River, r. Virginia, which runs into the
Kenhawa, Lon. 81.8. W. Lat. 37. 52. N. ,
Clifton, v. Saratoga co. N. Y., in the town
ship of Half-moon.
Clifton, v. fa parish, Eng., in Gloucestershire ;
1 W. Bristol. Pop. 6,981. It is surrounded by
romantic scenery, and from the salubrity of its
air, has been called the Montpellier of England.
Great numbers of visitants are attracted by its

CLI

411

CLO

famous medicinal springs, called Bristol Hot-
wells, mentioned in the article Bristol.
Clifton, X. Eng., in Lancashire; 5 N. Man
chester. Pop. 904.
Clifton, v. Eng., in Cumberland, on the Low-
ther; 2 S. Penrith.
Clihapotin, X. Volhynia; 72 E. Lucko.
Climi, t. Morocco ; 10 NW. Tarudant
Clinch, mt. NE. part of Tennessee, SE. of
Clinch river. It divides the waters of the Hols-
ton and Clinch rivers.
Clinch, r. Tennessee, which rises in Va., and
runs SW. into the Tennessee, at Kingston. It
is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and navigable
for boats 200 miles.
Clinchamps, X. France, Calvados ; 5 S. Caen.
Clingenberg, X. Bavaria, in Lower-Maine, on
the Maine ; 12 S. Aschaffenburg, 22 E. Darm
stadt. Lon. 9. 9. E. Lat. 49. 49. N. Pop. 805.
Cling, t. fa castle, Bavaria ; 4 ENE. Wasser-
burg. Gingen, or Klingen, X. Ger. in Schwartzburg
Sondershausen, on the Helbe ; 16 N. Erfurt.
Clino, X. Eu., Turkey, in Thessaly; 22 W.
Zeiton, 40 S. Larissa.
Clino, X. Trent ; 22 WNW. Trent.
Clinovo, or Kliuno, t. Turkish Dalmatia, gene
rally used as a place of rendezvous in time of
war, and a depot of arms and provisions ; 30
ENE. Spalatro.
Clinton, X. V. Canada, on SW. part of lake
Ontario. Clinton, p-t. Kennebeck co., on K. side of the
Kennebeck; 26 N. Augusta, 196 NNE. Boston,
W. 635. Pop. in 1810, 1,050 ; in 1820, 1,356.
Iron is manufactured here.
Clinton, co. NE. part N. Y. ; bounded N. by
Canada, E. by by lake Champlain, S. by Essex
co., and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1810,
8,002 ; in 1820, 12,070. Chief town, Plattsburg.
Clinton, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y., in the town
ship of Paris ; 9 W. by S. Utica, 102 W. by N.
Albany, W- 383. It is a pleasant village, and
contains a female boarding school,- a Congre
gational meeting house, and about 60 houses.
Hamilton College is about a mile W. of this
village. The situation is elevated, healthy, and
remarkably pleasant. This institution was
originally established as an academy, styled
Hamilton Oneida Academy, and was erected in
to a college, in 1812. It has received conside
rable patronage from the state legislature, and
is well endowed. There are two college
buildings ; 1 of 3 stories, containing a chapel,
library room, laboratory, and 17 rooms for stu
dents ; the other an elegant stone edifice, 80
feet by 40, of 4 stories, containing 32 rooms for
students. The library contains about 2,000
vols., and funds are appropriated to increase it.
The board of trustees consist of 24 members,
chosen promiscuously from the clergy and
laity. The executive government is entrusted
to a president, 3 professors, 1 of the languages,
1 of mathematics and natural philosophy, and 1
of chemistry, and 2 tutors. The number of stu
dents, in 1821, was 100.
Commencement is held on the 4th Wednes
day of August. There are 3 vacations ; the 1st,
from commencement, 6 weeks ; the 2d, from
the 2d Wednesday in January, 3 weeks ; the

3d, from the second Wednesday in May, 4
weeks. Clinton, X. Duchess co. N. Y., on E. side of
the Hudson ; 10 N. Poughkeepsie, 70 S. Alba
ny. Pop. in 1810, 5,494; in 1820, 6,611. This
township was large, and contained 3 post villa
ges, Staatsburg, Pleasant Valley, andlJSyde Park,
and 8 houses of public worship, 3 for Friends, 2
for Presbyterians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for
Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists ; but since
1820, Pleasant Valley and Hyde Park have been
incorporated as separate towns.
Clinton, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 8,085.
Chief town, Wilmington.
Clinton, p-t. Knox co. Ohio, on Owl creek,
1J NW. Mount Vernon, 44 NE. Columbus, W.
409. Pop 834.
Clinton, X. Franklin co. Ohio, between Co
lumbus and Worthington. Pop. 518.
Clinton, X. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 338.
Clinton, or Burrville, p-v. Anderson co. Ten
nessee ; W. 559.
Clinton, p-t. fa cap. Jones co. Georgia ; 20
W. Milledgeville, W. 697. Pop. in 1810, 85 ; in
1820, 841. It contains a court house, a jail, and
a Methodist meeting house.
Clinton Hill, p-t Illinois ; 41 N. Kaskaskia.,
W. 967.
Clinton, p-t. Rowan co. N. C. ; 150 Raleigh,
W. 385.
Clinton's Harbour, bay on W. coast of N. A.
Lon. 136. W. Lat. 52. 12. N.
Clinlonville, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ; 145 W.
by N. Albany, W. 385.
_„. Clissa, (an. Andelrium, and Mandetrium,) for
tress, Dalmatia ; 10 N. Spalatro, 28 E. Sebeni-
co. Lon. 16. 44. E. Lat. 43. 30. N.
Clissau, or Glissau, v. Poland, between War
saw and Cracow. — It is memorable for a battle
between Charles XII. of Sweden, and Augus
tus II. of Poland.
Chisseval, mt. Scot, in the island of Harris,
2,700 feet above the sea.
Clisson, X. France, and principal place of- a
district, in Lower-Loire, on the Sevre ; 15 SE.
Nantes, 18 S. Ancenis. Lon. 1. 12. W. Lat. 47.
3. N. Pop. 1,178.
Gissura, pass across the mountains, from
Bulgaria into Macedonia and Servia ; 25 S.
Nissa. Gist, r. Eng., which runs into the Ex, a little
below Exeter.
Clitch, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near N.
coast of Cumbava. Lon. 117. 1. E. Lat. 8.9. S.
Githcro, X. Eng., in Lancashire, on the river
Ribble; 31 N. Manchester, 213 NNW. London.
Lon. 2. 20. W. Lat. 53. 56. N. Pop. 1,767. It
sends 2 members to parliament, and has manu
factures of cotton, and a medicinal spring; the
market is on Saturday.
Clitow, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen, celebrated for
its rich silver mines. -
Gilumno, (an. Gitumnus,) r. Italy, which
passes by Spoleto, and joins the-Topino between
that town and Perugia.
. Clivegir, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near Coin.
Pop. 1,193.
Cloak Bay, bay of the North Pacific ocean,
caused by the proximity of North island, to
queen Charlotte's island. Lon. 133. 25. W Lat
54. 24. N. '

CLO

41;

CLU

Gobuc, see Clebucz.
Cloche, (La,) small isl. in lake Huron. Lon.
81. 48. W. Lat. 45. 43. N.
Clochnaban, mt. Scot, one of the Grampian
chain ; crowned with a perpendicular rock, 90
feet high. Height 2,370 feet.
Gockville, p-v. Madison co. N. Y. ; 137 W.
by N. Albany, W. 360.
Cloden, X. Saxony, near the Elbe ; 12 SSW.
Wittenburg, 48 NNW. Dresden. Lon. 12. 56. E.
Lat. 51.44. N.
Clodagh, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Erne, 8 S. Enniskillen.
Ciodowo,t.Poland,Kalisch;24ESE.Gnesna. Clodra, X. Weimar, Neustadt ; 3 E. Weyda.
Clody, r. Ireland, which runs into the Banh,
3 S. Kilrea.
Cloghcr, city, or rather village, Ireland, in
Tyrone ; bp. see ; the cathedral is also the par
ish church; 20 W. Armagh, 70 NNW. Dublin.
Lon. 7. 5. W. Lat. 54. 25. N.
Clogher Head, cape on E. coast of Ireland,
in the county of Louth. Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat. 53.
47. N.
Clohars Carnoet, X. France, in Finisterre ; 4
S. Quimperle.
Clolugh, r. Ireland, which runs into the Suir,
7 WNW. Waterford.
Clonakilty, t. Ireland; in Cork, situated in a
bay of the Atlantic, called Clonakilty Bay ; 20
SW. Cork. Lon. 8. 50. W. Lat. 51. 37. N.
Clonard, v. Ireland, Meath, near the Boyne ;
11 SSW. Trim.
Clones, X. Ireland, in Monaghan ; 10 SW.
Monaghan. — Here was formerly an abbey of
regular Augustine canons.
Gonfert, city or village, Ireland, in Galway;
36 E. Galway. Bp. see. The cathedral and
church are the same.
Clonmell, X. Ireland, cap. Tipperary, on the
Suir; 11 SSE. Cashel, 22 WNW. Waterford.
Lon. 7. 42. W. Lat. 52. 14. N. It consists of 4
cross streets, regularly built, and carries on
considerable trade. It sends 1 member to par-
ment — Native, Laurence Sterne.
Gonmess, small isl. on NW. coast of Ireland,
in Sheep Haven ; 25 NW. Londonderry.
Clonmines, X. Ireland, in Wexford, once cele
brated for its mines ; 15 SW. Wexford. Lon. 6.
61. W. Lat. 52. 14. N.
' Clonnie, r. Scot, which runs into Loch Ness.
Clonlarf v. Ireland, in Dublin, near the sea ;
2 NE. Dublin. It is a neat village, much fre
quented for sea bathing.
Cloppenburg, t Ger., in Oldenburg, capital of
a circle; 35 WSW. Bremen, 60 NNE. Munster.
Lon. 7. 59. E. Lat. 52. 50. N. Pop. ofthe town
741; ofthe circle 26,741.
Closter Camp, place in the late archbishopric
of Cologne, near Rhinberg, where the Hano
verians were worsted by the French, in 1760.
Closter Neuburg, X. Austria, on the Danube,
capital of the circle, below the Mannhartsberg ;
11 NNW. Vienna. Pop. 3,240. This town owes
its rise to a rich convent of regular Augustine
canons, founded by St. Leopold, in 1114,
which, in 1730, was rebuilt in a magnificent
style. In it are preserved the body of the
founder, and the arehducal crown made here,
in 1516. The library of the monastery contains

26,000 printed volumes, with several Hebrew,
Arabic, and Latin MSS. Here is a dockyard
for constructing light armed vessels, for pro
tecting the navigation of the Danube.
Closter Seven, X. Hanover, in Bremen, on the
Ane ; 24 NNE. Bremen. Pop. 763. It is mem
orable for a convention entered into between
the duke of Cumberland and the duke of Riche
lieu, commander of the French armies, in 1757,
by which 38,000 Hanoverians laid down their
arms, and were dispersed.
Cloten, v. Switz., in Zurich, large and popu
lous, in which a great number of antiquities
have been discovered ; 6 NNE. Zurich.
Clolnitza, t. Poland, in Lublin ; 18 WSW.
Lublin. Cloudy Bay, bay on NE. coast of Tavai Po-
enammoo, the S. island of New Zealand ; 10
NNW. Cape Campbell.
Cloven Cliff, rock projection on N. part of
an island, near the NW. coast of Spitzbergen ;
so called by Captain Phipps, from its resem
blance to a cloven hoof. Lon. 9. 59. E. Lat. 79.
53. N.
Cloven Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipelago,
about 7 in circ. Lat. 10. 13. N.
Clover Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Ohio, Lon. 87. 3. W. Lat. 37. 34. N.
Clover Dale, p-v. Botetourt co. Va. ; 159 W.
Richmond, W. 207.
Clover Garden, p-v. Chatham co. N. C. ; 47
Raleigh, W. 313.
Clough, l . Fez, which runs into the Atlantic,
at Old Mahmora.
Clough Mills, p-v. Laurens district, S. C. ; 16
Columbia, W. 691.
Clowadok, r. South Wales, which runs into
the Ython, at Llanbaden, in Radnorshire.
Clowy, lake, N. A. Lon. 106. 15. W. Lat. 62.
20. N.
Clowey, r. N. A., which runs from lake Clow-
ey to lake Athapescow.
Cloye, or Clois, X. France, in Eure-and-Loire ;
5 SW. Chateaudun. Pop. 1,520.
Cloyne, small t. Ireland, in Cork ; 15 E. Cork.
Bp. see.
Cluden, or Cairn, r. Scot., which after a
winding course of 30 miles, flows into the Nith,
3 N. Dumfries.
Clugny, isl. in the S. Indian ocean, near N.
coast of Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 68. 40. E. Lat.
48. 46. S.
Clugny, see Guny.
Cluis Dessous, X. France, in Indre; 6NW. Ai-
gurande. Cluis Dessus, X. France, in Indre ; 10 E. Ar
genton. Pop. 1,492.
Gun, i. Eng., which runs into the Temde, 6
W. Ludlow, in Shropshire.
Gundert, or Klundert, strong town, Holland,
formerly called Neuwervaert, situated on a river
or canal, which runs from the Merwe, and
forms the tract, on which this town, and Wil-
liamstadt stand, into an island; SESE.William-
stadt, 10 WNW. Breda. Lon. 4. 23. E. Lat 51.
39. N. Pop. 648.
Clunie, parish, Scot., in Perthshire, on NE.
side ofthe Tay, not far from Dundelk, with a
lake of the same name, 2£ miles in circ. Pop.
1,060. At the outlet of the lake stands Clunie

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413

COA

castle, the supposed birth place of the admira
ble Crichton.
Cluny, t. France, in SaOne-and-Loire, situat
ed between, 2 mountains, on the Grflne ; 9 NW.
Macon, 21 S. Chalons-sur-Sa6ne. Pop. 3,814.
Here was a Benedictine abbey, founded by
William, duke of Aquitaine, at one time the
most celebrated in France. Its funds were vast,
and its edifices had the appearance of a well
built city. The church is supposed to be one
of the largest in France. The town contains 3
parishes. Cluse, place, Switz., where there is a passage
over the edge of Mount Jura ; 10 NE. Soleure.
Cluse, (La,) X. Savoy, on the Arve ; 24 SE.
Geneva. Pop. 1,748. It contains a hospital and
a gymnasium. Cluse, (La,) or L'Ecluse, fortress, France, in
Ain, on the right bank of the Rhone. La Cluse
has nothing remarkable, except its situation,
whichis particularly interesting, being as though
stuck to the bare rock of the Jura.
Clusium, now Chiusi.
Clusone, X. Lombardy, in Bergamasco,onthe
Serio ; 18 NE. Bergamo. Pop. 3,077.
Cluvesyeck, X. Holstein ; 5 ENE. Rendsburg.
Clwyd, or Cluyd, r. North Wales, which runs
through a vale of the same name, passes by
Ruthin, St. Asaph, fac, and runs into the Irish
sea, 6 m. below the latter town. The vale of
Clwyd is reckoned one of the most beautiful
and fertile tracts in Wales.
Clybea, or Aklibia, (an. Gupea, or Clypea,
and Aspis,) X. Africa, in Tunis, on a projecting
headland, on E. coast, which, from its supposed
resemblance to a shield, gave name to the town ;
42. E. Tunis. Lon. 11. 21. E. Lat. 36. 29. N.
Pop. 4,000. Nothing remains of the ancient
town. The castle is a modern edifice, and is
• about a mile from the ancient spot.
Clyde, r. Vermont, which rises in Random,
and runs NW. 25 miles into lake Memphre-
magog Clyde, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. ; 246 W. by N.
Albany, W. 404.
Clyde, (an. Glota,) r. Scot, which rises in S.
part of Lanerkshire, passes by Lanerk, Hamil
ton, Glasgow, Renfrew, Dumbarton, fac, and
forms the arm of the sea, called the Frith of
Clyde, at S. extremity of the island of Bute.
It is 70 miles long, and becomes navigable at
Glasgow. It has romantic falls, particularly at
Corra-house and Stonebyres, of 84 and 80 feet
perpendicular. Clydesdale-, district, Scot, in S. part of Lan
erkshire. Clysma, now Kolzum.
Clytheness, cape, Scot,in the German ocean,
on SE. coast of the county of Caithness. Lon.
3. 3. W. Lat. 58. 18. N.
Cnidos, see Crio. This town was anciently
famous for the temple of Venus, and for a naval
battle fought near it, between the Lacedemo
nians and Persians.
Cnopiiz, v. Carinthia, which runs into the
Drave, about 6 SW. Saxenburg.
Cnothondorf t. Hungary ; 18 W. Tokay.
Coo, (an. Cuda,) r. Portugal, which runs into
the Duero, 12 S. St. Joanno de Pesquiera.
Coa, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near S.

coast of the island of Floras. Lon. 121. 61. E.
Lat. 8. 50. S.
Coacher, t. Hind., in Bahar; 17 N. Saseran.
Coadinlen, t. Pru. Samland ; 14 NW. Tilsit.
Coddlaloor, X. Hind., in Tinevelly, near the
coast ; 25 E. Coilpetta.
Coagarmora, X. Bengal ; 24 S. Moorley.
Coaguilla, or Cogguilla, pr. Mexico, com
prehended under the intendancy of St Luis
Potosi. Coal Mines, p-v. Chesterfield, Va. ; 12 Rich
mond, W. 135.
Coalsmouth, p-v. Kenhawa co. Va. ; 12 miles
from Kenhawa C. H., W. 376.
Coaley, X. Eng., in Gloucestershire ; 5 N.
Dursley. Pop. 909.
Goanama, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 54. W. Lat. 5. 35. N.
Coon Creek, r. Virginia, which runs into the
Potomac, Lon. 76. 34. W. Lat. 38. 4. N.
Coango, r. Africa, which rises in the interior
parts, and is one of the principal tributaries, or
the main branch of the Congo or Zaire. It
unites with the northern branch, nearly 100 m.
above the cataracts.
Coanawini, r. Guiana, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 51. 56. W. Lat. 2. 55. N.
Coanjedla, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 25 WNW.
Culloor. Coanjong, X. Pegu, on an island, in the river
Persain ; 36 N. Persain.
Coanza, i . Africa, which rises far in the inte
rior parts, and after crossing Angola, runs into
the Atlantic, Lon. 13. 10. E. Lat. 9. 30. S.
Coari, X. Brazil, on a river of the same name ;
170 W. Fort Rio Negro.
Coari, r. S. A., which runs into the river of
the Amazons, in Brazil, Lat. 4. 5. S.
Coascourchy,X. Hind., in the Carnatic; 8 NNE.
Nattam. Coasina, X. Corsica ; 5 N. Cervione.
Coast Castle, see Cope Coast Castle.
Coataron, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 45 N. Is-
takar. Coatapec, X. Mexico ; 30 S. Mexico.
Coatesville, p-t. Chester co. Pa. ; 75 Harris-
burg, W. 144.
Coatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, Lat. 15. 12. N.
Coaloor, t. Hind., in Dindigul j 6 N. Ootam-
paleam. Coavo, or Cuavo, r. Africa, which runs into
the Indian sea, Lon. 40. 20. E. Lat. 8. 40. S.
Coazza, t Piedmont, in Susa. Pop. 3.112.
Co6o, t Arabia, Nedsjed ; 135 NE. Mecca.
Cobadonga, t. Spain, Asturia ; 35 E. Oviedo.
Cobagua, small island in the Caribbean sea,
near the coast of S. A. Lon. 64. 26. W. Lat. 10.
50. N.
Coban, see Vera Paz.
Cobbe, X. Africa, in Dar-Fur. Lon. 28. 8. E.
Lat. 14. 11. N. Pop. about 6,000. It is about 2
miles long, but extremely narrow. It is the
chief residence of the merchants in Dar-Fur,
and has considerable trade.
Cobbesseconte, r. Maine, which runs into the
Kennebeck, at Gardiner.
Cobelskill, or Cobuskill, p-t. Schoharie co.
N. Y. ; 36 W. Albany, W. 370. Pop. 2,440.
Cober, r. Eng., in Cornwall, which runs into
the English Channel, a little below Helston .

COB

414

COC

Cobham, X. Surrry co. Va., on S. side of James
river ; 8 W. Jamestown.
Cobi, desert part of Tartary, called by the
Chinese, Chamo, bounded N. by the country of
the Kalkas, E. by the Monguls and Chinese
Tartary, S. by China, and W. by Calmuc Tar
tary. Co6i, r. which rises in Imiretta, crosses Min
grelia, and runs into the Black Sea, 26 S.
Anarghia. Co6i, t. Mingrelia, on a river of the same
name ; 20 S. Anarghia.
Cobijah, s-p. S. A. on the coast of Peru, in
the Pacific Ocean ; with a good harbour for
vessels carrying the metal from the neighbour
ing mines. Lon. 70. 20. W. Lat. 22. 20. S.
Coblentz, (an. Confluentia and Confluentes,)
city, Pru. capital of a government in the pro
vince ofthe Lower Rhine, formerly the capital
of the electorate of Treves ; 36 N. W. Mentz,
54 N. E. Treves. Lon. 7. 34. E. Lat. 50. 22. N.
Pop. 10,691. H. 1,050. It contains 14 Catholic
churches, 1 Lutheran, 1 Calvinist, a gymnasium,
and a seminary. It is situated at the conflux of
the Rhine and the Moselle : with a bridge of
boats over the former, and a stone bridge over
the latter. — In the time of the Romans, it was
the station of the first legion ; after them, the
residence of the successors of Charlemagne. It
was surrounded with walls in the year 1249, and
fortified since that time. The town was former
ly imperial. The government of Coblentz is
divided into 13 circles. Pop. 350,416. Sq. m.
2,490. Coblentz, X. Switz.,in Aargau, at the conflux of
the Aar and the Rhine ; 10 NNW. Baden.
Cobo, r. Africa, which rises in Sofala, and runs
into the Indian Sea. Lat. 19. 45. S.
Cobos, X. S. A. in Tucuman ; 25 SSE. Salta.
Coboze, small isl. in the Indian Sea, near E.
coast of Siam. Lon. 97. 20. E. Lat. 12. 43. N.
Cobra, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic,
10 E. Cape Apollonia.
Cobrador, one of the smaller Philippine Isl
ands ; 3 miles from the island of Romblon.
Cobras, isl. S. A. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Brasil, on S. side of the river Janeiro, '
opposite the city.
Cobras, small isl. in the Indian Sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lat< 6. 45. S.
Coire, (El,) X. Cuba ; 10 W. St. Jago.
Cobscook, p-v. Washington co. Maine, 241 NE.
Portland. W. 795.
Coburg, or Saxe-Coburg, principality, Ger.,
in Upper Saxony, on N. side of the kingdom of
Bavaria. It is composed of Saxe-Coburg with
30,021 inh. and 152sq.m. ; Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
with 22,074 inh. and 172 sq. m., and the county
of Themar with 5,271 inh. and 45 sq. m. ; the
county of Baumholder also, west of the Rhine,
belongs to the principality, with 22,078 inh.
and 174sq. m.; total population 79,436. Sq. m.
543. It has 12 towns, the principal of which are
Coburg and Saalfeld. The inhabitants are
mostly Lutherans. The country is watered by
the Itsch, Steinach, Rodach, and Werra. It is
generally mountainous, comprising a part of
the elevated tract called the Thuringian forest.
There are level tracts, fertile and productive of
corn, flax, hops, and fruit ; and also good pas

turage. Iron, copper, coal, alum, marble, gyp
sum, and chalk are found.
Coburg, (an. Mtlocabus fa Coburgium) capital
of the above principality, on the Itsch ; 23 N.
Bamberg, 40 SSW. Weimar, 100 ENE. Frank
fort on the Maine. LPn. 10. 58. E. Lat. 50. 15.
N. Pop. 7,746. H. 750. It is situated in a
pleasant vailey between two mountains, is tol
erably well built, the residence of the duke, and
has a castle, 5 churches, a gymnasium, an acad
emy, 2 public libraries, and a cabinet of natural
history. It has manufactures of gold, silver,
porcelain, and particularly of articles made of
petrified wood, with which the country abounds.
Here are held 6 annual fairs. In the environs
there are extensive quarries of marble.
Coco, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the Eresma ;
22 NW. Segovia, 24 SSE. Valladolid. Here is a
castle in which Philip William, prince of Orange,
was imprisoned.
Cocalico, X. Lancaster, cq. Pa. It is situated
between Cocalico and Conestoga Creeks, NNE.
Lancaster. Pop. 4,590.
Cocasset, r. Mass., which joins Rumford river,
in S. part of Norton.
Cock Bihar, see Coos Beyhar.
Cocha, X. Peru, in Cusco ; 70 S. Cusco.
Cochabamba, X. Buenos Ayres, in the province
of Cochabamba ; in a fertile valley ; 90 NNW.
La Plata, 140 SW. Potosi. Lon. 67. 24. W. Lat.
18. 25. N. — The province has a mild climate,
and produces an abundance of grain, also su
gar, and cattle. Pop. about 70,000.
Cochacaja, X. Peru, in Cusco ; 70 WNW. Cusco.
Coche, small isl. in the Caribbean Sea, be
tween the island of Margarita and the continent
of S. A. Lon. 64. 6. W. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Cocheeo, or Dover river, r. N. H., which runs
SE. into the Piscataqua, 4 miles below Dover.
Cocheclon, p-v. Sullivan co. N. Y., in Bethel,
on the e"ast side of the Delaware, opposite to
Damascus, W. 317.
Cocheim, or Kocheim, X. Pru. Lower Rhine,
in Coblentz, on the Moselle ; 30 NE. Treves,
46 NE. Luxemburg. Lon. 7. 7. E. Lat. 50. 12.
N. Pop. 1,819. Formerly Imperial.
Cocher, r. Ger. which runs into the Neckar,
near Wimpfen, in Swabia.
Cocherel, t. France, in Eure ; 7 E. Evreux.
It is noted for a victory gained by Guesclin over
the king of Navarre, in the year 1564.
Cochilla, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, between Cassano and Rossano.
Cochim, r. Brazil,in Cuyaba, which unites with
the Taquari.
Cochin, s-p. Hind., on the coast of Malabar,
in a countiy to which it gives name, chiefly re
sorted to for pepper ; 150 NW. Cape Comorin.
Lon. 76. 15. E. Lat. 9. 57. N. This city stands
at N. W. point of an island, which is about 70
miles in length, and 8 in breadth. The form of
the city is nearly semicircular, and is about 1J
mile in circumference : on the land side it is
fortified by 6 large bastions and a cavalier, and
to the eastward it has an irregular outwork ; on
the water side it is provided with a substantial
wall. Cochin has 3 gates : the principal build
ings are the church and the government house.
The streets, which are in general wide, are
neatly kept, but they are not embellished with
many handsome houses.

COC

415

COD

Cochin, country, India, on the coast of Mala
bar, situated to the N. ofthe Travancore. The
inhabitants are mostly Hindoos and Mehom-
etans. The rajah is a vassal of the British.
Cochin-china, country, Asia, bounded N. by
Tonquin, E. by the Indian Sea, part of which,
between the continent and the island of Hainan,
is called the Gulf of Cochin-china ; S. it is
bounded by Chiampa, and W. by Laos and
Cambodia. It extends upwards of 400 miles
along the sea of China, and upwards 100 in
breadth. The capital is Taifoe. It is divided
into 6 provinces, and is said to contain 50 sea
port towns. The sovereign is absolute, and has
an army stated at 113,000 men ; 40,000 trained
in the European manner. The prevailing reli
gion is that of Buddhu. The language is called
Anamitic, and is quite distinct from that of
China. The principal productions are rice of several
sorts, sugar, millet, maize, pepper, indigo, saf
fron, carthamus, tea, silk, fac. The sugar-cane
is eaten as fruit in Europe ; the inhabitants cul
tivate two kinds, and the commerce is im
mense ; China alone is said to take, one year
with another, 800,000 quintals. Other articles
of commerce are odoriferous woods, ivory,
musk, honey, wax, silk, and pepper. The man
ners of the inhabitants are simple ; they are
affable, mild, laborious, and hospitable; their
chief nourishment consists in rice and fish.
Cochino (an. Hephestias,) X. of the island of
Lemno. Lon. 25. 22. E. Lat. 39. 57. N.
Cochinos, or Hog Islands, cluster of small
islands in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 87. 10. W.
Lat. 15: 58. N.
Cochinotzu, X. Japan, in the isl. of Ximo ; 18
SW. Ximabara.
Cochiti, X. New Mexico ; 25 S. Santa F6.
Cochransville, p-v. Chester co. Pa. ; W. 129.
Cockburne, see Columbia.
Cockburn Islands, group of small islands near
NE. coast of New Holland. Lon. 217. 18. W.
Lat. 11. 52. S.
Cockburnpalh, fishing town, Scot, on the sea
coast of Berwick ; 8 SE. Dunbar, 14 NW. Ber
wick. Cocke, co. in E. part of E. Tennessee. Pop.
in 1810,5,154; slaves 436. Pop. in 1820,4,892.
Chief town, Newport.
Cocker, r. Eng., which runs into the Derwent,
at Cockermouth. Cockermouth, X. Eng., in Cumberland, situated
at the conflux of the Cocker and the Derwent ;
42 N. Kendal, 299 N. London. Lon. 3. 15. W.
Lat. 54. 35. N. Pop. 2,964. The principal man
ufactures carried on here are hats for exporta
tion, shalloons, coarse woollens and coarse
linen ; with considerable tanneries. There are
two markets weekly, on Monday and Satur
day. It sends two members to parliament.
Cockleshell Bay, bay on E. coast of the island
of St. Christopher. Lon. 62. 22. W. Lat. 17.
22. N.
Code, r. Darien, which runs into the Spanish
Main, Lon. 80. 35. W. Lat 9. 5. N.
Coco, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 7. 8. N.
Coco, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near the
coast of Veragua. Lon. 82. 30. W. Lat. 8. 10. N.

Cocoa Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sftai
near the coast of the island of Pora. Lon. 9&.
27. E., Lat. 2. 29. S.
Cocoa Island, see Mount of Cocoas.
Cocoa Islands, two small islands in the E.
Indian sea, near W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 95.
50. E. Lat. 2. 58. N.
Cocoa Point, cape on the coast of the island
of Tinian.
Cocoa-Nut, t. Susquehanna co. Pa: Pop. 508.
Cocoa-Nut Bay, bay on W. coast of Robert's
Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 219. 48. E.
Lat. 7. 35. S.
Cocoa-Nut Key, small isl. in the Spanish
Main, near the Musquito shore. Lon. 82. 20. W.
Lat. 15. 52. N.
Cocoa Nut Key, small isl. in the bay of Hon
duras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 89. 8. W.
Lat. 16. 25. N.
Cocoa-NutTsland, small isl. near W. coast of
Sumatra. Lon. 95. 35. E. Lat. 4.38. N.
Cocoa-Nut Island, small isl. at the entrance
of Carteret's harbour, on SE. coast of New
Ireland. Cocoa-Nut Point, SE. extremity of the island
of Gilolo. Lon. 128. 26. E. Lat. 0. 44. S.
Cocoa-tree Point, cape on NW. coast of the
island of Bali. Lon. 114. 33. E. Lat. 8. 2. S.
Cocomcrachi, Jesuit missionary settlement,
Mexico ; 120 WSW. Mexico.
Cocomeschi, X. New Mexico, in Mayo ; 140
ESE. Santa Cruz.
Cocorin, X. New Mexico, in Hiaqui; 25 S.
Riochico. Cocorocuma, small isl. in the Spanish Main,
near the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82. 26. W. Lat
15. 50. N.
Coconato, X. Piedmont ; 4 S. Verrua. Pop.
2,480. Cocorota, see St. Felipe.
Cocorto, t Thibet; 50 SW. Tchonton.
Cocos Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
E. of the island of Nassau. Lon. 100. 3. E. Lat.
3. 11. S.
Cocos Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean ; 12
miles in circuit. Lon. 273. 6. E. Lat. 5. 35. N.
Cocos Islands, see Great and Little Cocos.-
Cocos, (Great,) or the Rat, small isl. in the
E. Indian sea. The land is pretty high, and
covered with wood. Lon. 93. 33. E. Lat. 14.
8. N.Cocos, (Little,) small isl. in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 93. 25. E. Lat. 13. 57. N.
Cocospone, X. New Navarre ; 115 S. Casa
Grande. Cocovo, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
121. 10. E. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Cocson, (an. Cucusus,) X. Natolia, in the defiles
of Taurus.
Cocsu, t A. Turkey, in Marasch ; 40 NNE.
Marasch. Cocumont, t. France, in Lot-and-Garohne ;
6 SW. Marmande. Pop. 1,528.
Cocytus, r. Epirus, in the vicinity of the Ache
ron, and called by the poets one of the rivers
of hell.
Codagunge, X. Hind., in Oude ; 14 S. Fur-
ruckabad. Codaid, see Kaudir.
Codaly, X. Hind., in Concan ; 37 N. Goa.

COE

416

COG

Codameamally, X. Hind., Marawar ; 9 NNW.
Trumian. Codanus Sinus, now Baltic.
Codbeck, r. Eng., in N. Riding of Yorkshire,
which passes by Thirsk, and joins the Willow-
beck about 3 miles below that town, and both
together fall into the Swale,, about 2 miles from
their union.
Coddarama, X. Guzerat ; 15 N. Surat.
Code, i'. Panama, which flows into the Span
ish main, Lon. 80. 35. W. Lat. 9. 5. N.
Codelago, X. Switz., Tesin ; 3 N. Mendrisio.
Coddors, X. Circassia. Lon. 42. 11. E. Lat.
44. N.
Coddors, (an. Corax,) r. Asia, which separates
Mingrelia from Abascia, p^A runs into the
Black sea.
Cod's Head, cape on SW. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 10, 27. W. Lat. 51. 42. N.
Codeceiro, t. Portugal, in Beira; 6 S. Guarda.
Coded, t. Albania ; 16 E. Valona.
Codjeedeep, small isl. near the coast of Ben
gal at the mouth of the Ganges. Lon. 88. 34. E.
Lat. 21. 28. N.
Codlipilly, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 5 NE. Ban
galore. Codina, X. Sardinia ; 14 ESE. Oristagni.
Cadma, X. Persia, Segestan ; 154 SSW. Zareng.
Codogno, (an. Cotoneum,) X. Italy ; 4 W. Piz-
zeghitone, 12 SSE. Lodi. Pop. 7,986. Here
the Austrians were defeated in 1746 ; and by
the French in 1796, the day before the ba*ttle
of Lodi.
Codolsberg, X. Bavaria ; 8 W. Nuremberg, 18
NE. Anspach.
Codorus, r. York co. Pa., which runs by York,
and flows into the Susquehanna, about 8 miles
above Columbia.
Codorus, X. York co. Pa., on the Codorus,
SW. of York. Pop. 2,183.
Codour, t. Hind., in Sollapour ; 7 ENE. Sol-
lapour. Codours, see Coddors.
Codropio, X. Italy, in Friuli, on the Stella ; 10
SSW. Udina. Here Bonaparte resided, at a seat
called Passeriano, during the conferences for
peace at Campo-Formio.
Cod Roy, i. Newfoundland, which runs into
the sea between Cape Ray and Cape Anguille.
Cod's Ferry, p-v. Wabash co. Illinois ; 92 Van-
dalia, W. 908.
Codrum, X. Bengal ; 20 S. Palamow.
Cacil, co. NE. part of Md. bounded N. by
Pennsylvania, E. by Delaware, S. by Kent CO.,
and W. by Chesapeake bay and the Susque
hanna. Pop. in 1810, 13,066 ; slaves 2,467.
Pop. in 1820, 16,048. Chief town, Elklon.
Cozcilton, p-t. Ccecil co. Md., between Bohe
mia and Sassafras rivers, 8 E. of the head of
the Chesapeake, 18, S. Elkton, 60 E.Baltimore,
60 SW. Philadelphia. H. 20.
Coel, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 33 N. Agra, 65 SE.
Delhi. Lon. 78. 27. E. Lat. 27. 48. N.
Code-Syria, or Cato Syria, ancient country,
between Libanus and Antilibanus. Damascus
was the capital.
Coemene, t. on E. coast of Ceylon ; 8 S.
Trincoli. Coenalcer, t. Ceylon, near S. coast; 100 S.
Candl.

Cozne, or Cavnopolis, now Keni,
Canobium, now Cernobio.
Coevorden, see Covorden.
Coesfeld, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Munster; 14
W. Munster. Lon. 7. 18. E. Lat. 51. 56. N.
Pop. 2,061. It contains 2 churches, a hospital,
and a gymnasium ; it was formerly Hanseatic.
Coesnon, r. France, which runs into the sea
between Pontorson apd Mont St. Michael.
Coelivi, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 56.
20. E. Lat. 7. 30. S.
Coeuvres, or Estrees, X. France, in Aisne; 7
SW. Soissons. Pop. 450.
Coeymans, p-t. Albany co. N. Y., on W. side
of the Hudson; 11 S. Albany, W. 349. Pop.
2,872. Coeze, X. Savoy ; 10 SE. Chamberry.
Cofanes, X. S. A. in Quito ; 60 E. Ibarra.
Coffeeville, p-t. Clark co. Alabama ; 146 Ca
hawba, W. 992.
Coffo, X. Africa, in Benin, on the Formosa ;
10 NE. Benin.
Coffey's Ferry, p-v. Pulaski co.Ken.; W. 655.
Coffin Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of S. C. Lon. 79. 59. W. Lat. 32. 43. N,
Coffin Island, see Savron.
Cofra de Perota, mt. Mexico. Lon. 97. 8. W.
Lat. 19. 29. N. It is 13,514 feet high.
Cogo, isl. Abyssinia, in the lake of Dembea,
with a town.
Cogareto, X. Genoa ; 9 ENE. Savona.
C'ogazza, X. Italy ; 6 NNW. Brescia.
Cage, X. Hind., in Baglana; 30 NE. Basseen.
Cogead, lake, N. America, 50 miles long, and
10 broad. Lon. 109. W. Lat. 66. N.
Cogeses, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 13 SE. Val
ladolid. Coggershall, X. Eng., in Essex, with a weekly
market on Thursday ; 9 W. Colchester, 44 NE.
London. Lon. 0. 40. E. Lat. 51. 53. N. Pop.
2,471. It is situated on the river Pant, and has
long been famous for its manufacture of baize,
called Coggershall Whites. — From some Ro
man antiquities found here, it has been by some
supposed to be the ancient Canonicum.
Coggia, or Cocia, t. Corsica ; 6 S. Vico.
Coghnawaga, v. of Iroquois Indians, L. Can
ada, on the St Lawrence, 10 miles from Mon
treal. Pop. about 900. It contains a church,
a missionary's house, and about 140 houses,
mostly built of stone, formed into 2 or 3 rows,
irregular and dirty.
Cogi, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 20 SSW. Sanga.
Cogliano, X. Naples, in Principato Citra; 13
NNW. Cangiano.
Coglionisi, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 8 S. Ter-
mola. Cognac, or Coignac, t. France, principal place
of a district, in Charente ; 13 E. Saintes, 21 W.
Angoulesme. Lon. 0. 14. W. Lat. 45. 46. N.
Pop. 2,827. The vicinity abounds in excellent
red and white wines, and the town is famous
for the brandy called Cognac.
Cognac, X. France, in Upper- Vienne ; 20 SE.
Confolent. Cogne, valley, Piedmont, belonging to the
bishop of Aosta ; it takes its name from a small
river which waters it. The mountains which
surround it are rich in mines of iron and cop
per ; it contains 13 villages, of which Cogne is
the principal ; 6 S. Aosta.

COI

417

COL

Cogni, see Konieh.
Cogno, X. Italy ; 7 NNW. Bergamo.
Cogolla, r. Spain, which runs into the Naga-
rella, in the country of Rioja.
Cogolludo, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 20 W.
Siguenca. Cogolo, t. Italy, Verona ; 8 NE. Verona.
Cogom, r. Asia, which runs into the sea, near
Martaban. Cogoreto, or Cogurelo, v. Genoa, said to be
the native place of Christopher Columbus.
Congregot, X. Bengal ; 42 ESE. Calcutta.
Coguir, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 20 W. In-
delovoy. Cohahlarishkit, r. N. America ; E. branch of
Clark's river.
Cohahuila, pr. Mexico.
Cohanzy Creek, or Casarea, r. N. J. which
runs into Delaware bay, Lon. 75. 17. W. Lat.
39. 22. N.
Cohara, t. Hind., in Oude ; 18 W. Kairabad.
Cohary, r. Hind., which unites with the
Chumbull, 10 E. Binde. .
Cohary, t. Hind., in Hissar; 15 SE. Hissar.
Cohasset, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 20 SE. Bos
ton, W. 461. Pop. 1,099. Cohasset rocks, which
have been fatal to many vessels, lie off this
town, about 3 miles from the shore.
Cohayabitas, X. S. A. in Quito ; 90 S. St. Fran
cisco de Borja.
Cohocton, see Conhocton.
Co-hong, X. Thibet ; 20 SW. Tien-tsang.
Cohorut, X. Bengal ; 10 W. Nagore.
Cojapour, X. Hind., Oude ; 38 SE. Fyzabad.
Coiba, or Quibo, small isl. in the Pacific
ocean, near the coast of Veragua. Lon. 82. 26.
W. Lat. 8. N.
Coidure, X. Carnatic ; 13 NE. Volconda.
Cojeda, X. Caraccas ; 30 NE. Segovia Nueva.
Coiffy-la-Ville, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 3
SW. Bourbonne les Bains.
Coilapaliam,X. Hind., Coimbetore ; 17 NNW.
Daraporum. Coillee, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 22 NNW. Dur-
bungah. Lon. 85. 50. E. Lat. 26. 25. N.
Coilpetla, X. Hind., in the Carnatic; 25 N.
Palamcotta, 46 S. Madura.
Coilandy, X. Hind. ; 25 SE. Tellichery.
Coilurapetta, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 8 NE.
Arivacourchy. Coilure, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the Soane ; 7
ENE. Arrah.
Coimbetore, or Coimbetoor, pr. Hind., in My
sore, and S. part of the dominions of Tippoo
Sultan. The country is separated from the
country of Travancore, Cochin, and the Nayrs,
by lofty mountains, called the Western Gauts ;
a continuation of which also bounds it on N. ;
on E. it is bounded by the Carnatic, and S. by
Dindigul, and is divided into North and South
Coimbetore. It is fertile, producing sugar, cot
ton, rice, and betel leaf; and well watered by
several rivers ; the principal towns are Coimbe
tore, Erroad, and Carroor. In 1799, on the
death of Tippoo, and the division of his terri
tories,. Coimbetore was ceded to the English
East India Company.
Coimbetore, t. Hind., and capital of the pro
vince to which it -gives name, situated at the
foot ofthe Western Gauts. on the river Novel;
Vol.1. 53

90 S. Seringapatam, 252 SW. Madras. Lon. 77.
7. E. Lat. 10. 58. N. Pop. 12,000. H. 2,000.
This city formerly contained upwards of 40,000
inhabitants ; but it suffered much by the wars
of the British and the Mysore sovereigns.
It is now recovering. The exports are tobacco,
cotton, thread, cloth, sugar, betel, fac.
Coimbra, (an. Coimbriga, or Coimbrica,) city,
Portugal, in Beira, situated on a mountain, near
the river Mondego ; 90 NNE. Lisbon. Lon. 8.
25. W. Lat. 40. 13. N. Pop. 11,871. H. 3,003.
Bp. see, and seat of the inquisition. It contains
a cathedral, 7 churches, a hospital, and a uni
versity. It was built by the Romans, about
300 years before Christ. The university was
originally founded in 1290, at Lisbon, but was
transferred hither in 1306, and is now the only
one in Portugal. It consists of 18 colleges with
ample funds. The course of study here is di
vided into 6 branches, viz. theology taught by
8 professors ; canon law by 9 ; civil law by 8 ;
medicine by 6; mathematics by 4; and phi
losophy by 4. The number of students in 1804,
was 1,431, and in 1817, about 1,400. To the
university belong a botanic garden and a libra
ry of 40,000 volumes.
Coincy, X. France, in Aisne ; 6 N. Chateau
Thierry. Pop. 952.
Coioacan, see Culuacan.
Coin, or Chur, bishopric and principality,
Ger., which formerly included all the provinces
of Rhetia, now reduced to a narrow circle.
Coin, or CAur, (an. Curia,) X. Switz., capital
of the canton of the Grisons, situated at the foot
ofthe Alps, in a rich valley; 22 ESE. Glarus,
32 N. Chiavenna. Lon. 9. 37. E. Lat. 46. 46.
N. Pop. 2,425. Bp. see. It contains a cathe
dral, 2 Reformed churches, a library, a Latin
school, and a philological college.
Coin, r. Portugal, which runs into the Min-
ho near its mouth.
Coitsville, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 541.
Coil's Gore, district, Franklin co.Vt. Pop. 274.
Coker, r. Eng., which rises in the county of
Lancaster, and runs into the Irish sea ; 5 NW.
Garstang. Co-kiang, t. China, of the third rank; in Se-
tchuen ; 20 ESE. Tche-li-leou.
Cokeriampetty, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 11 S.
Sankerydurgam. Co-king, city, China, of the first rank, in Yun
nan ; 1,160 SW. Peking. Lon. 100. E. Lat. 26.
35. N.
Cokzim, see Choczim.
Col, one of the Western islands of Scotland,
about 13 miles long, and 3 broad; 11 NW.
from the island of Mul. Lon. 6. 32. W. Lat. 56.
38. N. Col, in the language of Dr. Johnson, is
not properly rocky, but rather one continued
rock, of a surface much diversified with protu.
berances, and covered with a thin layer of
earth, which is often broken, and discovers the
stone. Pop. 1,227.
Col, X. Hind., in Soonda ; 8 S. Goa.
Col of Arez, passage of the Pyrenees, in the
road from Prats de Molo, in France, to Cam-
predon, in Spain.
Col of Argenliere, passage of the Alps, be
tween Nice and Saluzzo.
Col of Lima, passage of the Alps, between
Sospello and Coni.

COL

418

COL

Col of Pertus, passage of the Pyrenees, be
tween Boulou and Junquere.
Col of Paracols, passage of the Pyrenees, be
tween Ceret, in France, and Ampurden, in
Spain. Col of Tenda, passage of the Alps, between
Piedmont fa Nice, over the mountains of Tenda.
Cola Rocks, rocks in the Caribbean sea. Lon.
63. 16. W. Lat. 11. 15. N.
Colaba, small island and fortress, belonging
to Angria, on the coast of Concan ; 20 S. Bom
bay. Lon. 72. 53. E. Lat. IS. 39. N.
Colah, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 16 WSW, Mir-
zapour. Golaircotta, X. Hind., in Ellore; 10 E. Ellore.
Colalte, r. Mexico, which runs into the Paci
fic ocean, Lat. 16. 10. N.
Colamungdlum, X. Hind. ; 55 E. Cochin.
Calamassanapilly, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ;
¦5 SW. Pullumnaire.
Colon, X. Peru, in Piura ; 9 N. Payta. The
inhabitants raise a great deal of grain, and feed
a number of cattle, which they dispose of to
Payta, and other towns.
Colon, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 4. 55. S.
Colander, X. Bengal ; 22 SE. Midnapour.
Colanelly, X. Hind., Mysore ; 13 SE. Erroad.
Colangoelu, X. Hind., in Malabar. Lon. 76.
49. E. Lat. 10. 42. N. It contains upwards of
1,000 houses, many of which are inhabited by
Zamul weavers.
Colangooda, X. Hind., Calicut; 10 S. Palilaud-
chery. Colapelly, t Hind., in Condapilly; 15 E.
Condapilly. Colapour, X. Hind., in Ellichpour ; 12 SW.
Omrautty. Color, X. Hind., in Mysore, capital of a dis
trict, which after the death of Tippoo was as
signed to the Nizam ; 35 ENE. Bangalore, 135
W.Madras. Lon.7S. 19.E. Lat. 13. 19.N. H.700.
Color, r. Spain, which runs into the Huelba,
15 N. Seville.
Colaria, X. S. A. in Tucuman ; 26 N. St. Fer
nando. Colarddos, (Los,) islets and rocks, near the
NW. of Cuba. Lon. 85. 3. W. Lat. 32. 30. N.
Colaroone, i. Hind,, a branch of the Cauvery,
which divides from the main stream towards
the N. a few miles above Tritchinopoly, and
rnns into the bay of Bengal, 25 N. Tranquebar.
Colarpour, X, Hind., Berar ; 27 S. Ellichpour.
Colarus, or Colasar, X. Hind., in the Gohud,
chiefly inhabited by Gentoos ; 30 SSW. Narwa,
125 S. Agra.
Colatto, X. Italy, Treviso ; 6 SSW. Ceneda.
Colatty, t. Hind., Cochin ; 15 N. Cranganore.
Colaveram, t. Hind., Coimbetore ; 17 WNW.
Animally. Colavery, X. Hind.; 3-1 SE. Cochin.
Colacasape, X. Peril, Truxillo ; 80 NE. Piura.
Colbatz, X. Pru. Pomerania; 8 SSW. Star-
gard. Lon. 15. 5. E. Lat. 53. 20. N.
Colbene, X. Africa, on the coast of Tripoli ;
90 SE. Mesurata.
Colberg, s-p. Pru. Pomerania, in Cosslin, sit
uated at the. mouth of the Persante, near the
Baltic, belonging to Prussia ; 98 NNE. Custrin,
124 NE. Berlin. Lon. 15. 37. E. Lat. 54. 8. N.

Pop. 6,097. It is a pretty large and flourishing
town, with manufactures of linen and woollen.
The fishery is profitable; and in a neighbour
ing meadow are some salt springs. It was an
ciently one of the Hanse towns. ¦ It has 5 Lu
theran churches and a gymnasium.
Colbert's Ferry, p-v. Lauderdale co. Alabama,
252 Cahawba, W. 837.
Colburee, X. Bengal ; 8 E. Calcutta.
CoZcAo, t. S. A. in La Plata ; 30 S. Ornro.
Colchabar, X. Hind., in Oude; 24 WNW. Kai
rabad. Colchagua, jurisdiction, Chili. Chief town,
St. Ferdinando.
Colchester, p-t. Chittenden, co. Vt, on lake
Champlain and N. side of Onion river ; 6 N.
Burlington, W. 524. Pop. 960. This town con
tains several mills, and has considerable trade
in lumber.
Colchester, p-t. New London co. Ct. ; 14 W.
Norwich, 19 E, Middleton, 23 SE. Hartford, W.
351. Pop. in 1810, 2,697; in 1820, 2,152. It
has a pleasant village, with an elevated and
pleasant situation, and containing an academy,
styled Bacon Academy, which is one of the best
endowed, and most flourishing academies in the
state. It was established in 1800, and has a fund
of #35,000, and usually about 90 students. The
building is of brick, 75 feet by 34, and of 3 stories.
In 1819,the southern part of Colchester was set
off to form a part ofthe new town of Salem.
Colchester, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. ; 21 S.
Delhi, W. 368. Pop. 1,064.
Colchester, p-t. Fairfax co. Va., on Occoquan
river ; 12 NE. Dumfries, W. 20.
Colchester, X. Eng., in Essex, on the river
Colne ; 18 SSW. Ipswich, 51 NE. London.
Lon. 0. 59. E. Lat. 51. 53. N. Pop. 12,544. It
is situated on the north side of an eminence on
the Colne, 8 or 9 miles from the sea. Vessels
of 100 tons can come up to it It contains an
ancient castle, and has been encircled by walls,
now much decayed. It consists of 16 parishes,
8 of them within the walls, and has 12 parish
churches, 7 places of worship for dissenters; a
hospital, 2 alms houses, a custom house, and
barracks for 800 men. It is a place of consid
erable trade and manufacture. The principal
manufacture consists of woollen cloth, particu
larly baize. Oysters form a considerable article
of trade. It sends 2 members to parliament ;
has 2 weekly markets and 3 annual fairs. — It is
an ancient town, supposed to be the Colonia of
the Romans, and the native place of the em
press Helena, the mother of Constantine.
Colchis, ancient country of Asia, E. of the
Euxine sea, now Mingrelia, Guriel, and part of
Georgia. Cold Creek, r. Ohio, which- flows into San
dusky, W. of Sandusky*.
Cold River, r. N. H., which rises in Cold
Pond in Acworth, and runs into the Connecti
cut, at Walpole.
Cold Spring, p-v. Cape May.co. N. J.; 12
Trenton, W. 288.
Cold Spring Inlet, a channel between two
small islands on the coast of N. J. Lon. 74. 49.
W. Lat 30. N.
Coldenham, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. ; 94 Alba
ny, W. 286.

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419

COL

Colding, or Kolding, t. Denmark, in Ripen ;
24 NE. Ripen. Lon. 9. 29. E. Lat. 33. 60. N.
Pop. 1,700. It is situated between mountains,
on the river Thueths, which runs into the Lit
tle Belt about 6 miles below, forming a bay at
its mouth, called Colding Fiord. It is ancient,
and was formerly the residence of many Dan
ish kings, who adorned it with several edifices.
At present the harbour is filled up, and its com
merce nearly annihilated.
Coldingham, t. Scot., in Berwick; 8 NW.
Berwick. Lon. 2. 13. W. Lat. 65. 54. N. Pop.
2,391. Here are the remains of a religious
house of great antiquity. Coldingham gives
name to a barren and rude district, called Col
dingham Moor.
Colditz, X. Saxony, capital of a district, in
Leipzic, on the Mulda ; 21 SE. Leipsic, 36 W.
Dresden. Lon.l2.42.E. Lat.51.7.N. Pop.1,565.
Coldstream, X. Scot, in Berwick, on N. side
of the Tweed, with a fine bridge over that
river; 13 SW. Berwick, 334 N. London. Lon.
2. 19. W. Lat. 55. 40. N. Pop. 2,269.
Coldwater Lake, lake, N. A. Lon. 111. W.
Lat. 54. 56. N.
Cole, r. Virginia, which runs into the Kenha
wa, Lon. 81. 52. W. Lat. 38. 13. N.
Colea, (an. Casa; Calventi,) t. Algiers ; 12
SW. Algiers.
Cole Bruens, X. Louisiana, near the Mississip
pi. Lon. 91. 15. W. Lat. 32. 25. N.
Cole's Creek, r. Louisiana, which runs into
the Mississippi. Lon. 91. 21. W. Lat. 31. 55. N.
Coleapol, X. Bengal, in Midnapour ; 48 WNW.
Midnapour. Lon. 86. 44. E. Lat. 22. 53. N.
Colebrook, p-t. Coos co. N. H., on the Con
necticut ; 30 N. Lancaster, W. 575. Pop. 470.
Colebrook, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. ; 6 E. Nor
folk, 19 NNE. Litchfield, W. 375. Pop. 1,274.
Colebnokdale, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,046.
Colebrook Dale, v. Eng., in Shropshire, on
the Severn ; 14 SE. Shrewsbury, 148 NW. Lon
don. It is situated in a valley of the same
name, celebrated for its beautiful and romantic
scenery ; but is chiefly remarkable for its iron
works, which are the most extensive in Eng
land ; and for a magnificent cast iron bridge
over the Severn, the first that was made in
Britain, being erected in 1799.
Coleche, or Coliche, s-p. Hind., in Travan
core, with a safe harbour for small vessels; 12
SSW. Travancore.
Coleford, t*-Eng., in Gloucestershire, on the
borders of Monmouthshire, with a weekly mar
ket on Friday; 23 WSW. Gloucester, 123 W.
London. Lon. 2. 38. W. Lat. 51.51.N. Pop.
1,551. Near it are considerable iron works.
Colegnola, t, Italy, Verona ; 8 ESE. Verona.
. Coleneto, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, 4 E. Rossano.
Colentum, see Morter.
Colerain, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 9 WNW.
Greenfield, 16 SW. Brattleborough, 29 N.North
ampton, 104 W. by N. Boston, W. 420. Pop.
in 1810, 2,016 ; in 1820, 1,961.
Coferoine, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,088.
Coleraine, X. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 986.
Coleraine, X. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 471.
Coleraine, X. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Great
Miami ; 20 or 25 NW. Cincinnati. Pop. 1,906.

Coleraine, X, Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 866.
Coleraine, p-v. Bertie co. N. C. ; 174 Ra
leigh, W. 261.
Coleraine; X. Camden co. Georgia, on St. Ma
ry's river, 45 miles from its mouth.
Coleraine, X. Ireland, in Londonderry, on the>
river Bann, about 3 miles from the sea, with a
valuable salmon fishery ; 25 ENE. London
derry, 29 NNW. Antrim. Lon. 6. 29. W. Lat.
55. 8. N. Fop. 4,500. It was formerly a place
of great consideration, bp. see, and the chief
town of a county ; whereas it is now only the
head of one of the baronies, in the shire of
Londonderry ; but it sends one member to par
liament. It is of a tolerable size, and elegantly
built. Cole's Grove, p-t. fa cap. Pike co. Illinois ;
112 Vandalia, W. 952.
Coles, p-v. Woodford co. Ken ; 13 miles from
Lexington, W. 569.
Coleshill, X. Eng., in Warwickshire, with a
market on Wednesday ; 10 E. Birmingham, 103
NW. London. Lon. 1. 36. W. Lat. 52. 30. N.
Pop. 1,639.
Coleshy, X. Hind., in Travancore ; 30 NW.
Cape Comorin.
Colesville, p-v. Broome co. N. Y., in Wind
sor ; 165 WSW. Albany, W. 300.
Colesville, p-v. Chesterfield co. Va. ; 31 Rich
mond, W. 154.
Colesville, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.; 15 An
napolis, W. 55.
Colgony, X. Bengal ; 16 E. Boglipour.
Colgrove Sound, strait of the North sea, be
tween the islands of Yell and Fitlar.
Colgu, X. Hind., in Callicut ; 37 ENE. Telli-
chery. Colhares, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 10
WSW. Setuval.
Colibina, small isl. Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mexico. Lon. 88.30. W. Lat. 12. 50. N.
Coligny, X. France, in Ain ; 12 N. Bourg.
Pop. 1,672.
Colihaut, X. on W. side of Dominica.
Colima, t. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 210 W.
Mechoacan. Lon. 103. 30. W. Lat. 19. 20. N.
Pop. 360 families. It is situated in one of the
most fertile valleys of Mexico, 24 miles wide,
reaching to the sea; the town is large and rich.
Near it is a mountain of the same name, 8,622
feet high, with a volcano.
Colime.r, X. France, Orne ; 4 W. Mortagnc.
Colin, mt. Ireland, in Antrim ; 15 N. Antrim
Colin, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 28 E. Prague.
Pop. 4,387.
Colina, X. S. A., in Chili ; 25N. St. Jago de la
Nouvelle Estramaduca.
Colinda, X. Bengal, capital of Ahmirabad ;
68 SSE. Dacca. Lon. 91. 23. E. Lat. 22.58. N.
Colinda, f. Bengal ; 28 S. Comillah.
Colindres, X. Spain, in Asturia ; 18 SE. San-
tander. Coll, or Colla, see Col.
Collabaug, or Callabag, t. Hind., in Malwa ;
44 W. Chandaree. Lon. 77. 58. E. Lat. 24.53.N.
Collabegoon, X. Birmah, on the right bank of
the Irawaddy ; 25 N. Raynangong.
Collahunny, X. Bengal, in Pachete ; 8 SSW.
Rogonatpour. Collacood, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 14 SW.
Culloor.

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COL

Colladera, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 15 N. Bahar.
Colladicooda, t. Hind., in Calicut ; 10 NW.
Palicaudchery. Collares, t. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 6 N.
Cascaes. Collasar, see Colarus.
Colle, X. Tuscany ; 9 NW. Sienna, 25 S. Flor
ence. Pop. 1,500.
Colle, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 15 W. Gemona.
Colle di Castiglione, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo
Ultra ; 7 SW. Aquila.
Colle Dunenzo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ;
7 N. Civita Borella.
Colle Duo, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 23
SW. Aquila.
Colle di Lavarete, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo Ul
tra ; 8 NW. Aquila.
Colle Peschiolo, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ;
10 S. Aquila.
Colle Salvieta, t. Tuscany ; 10 m. from Pisa.
Collechio, X. Italy, in Parma ; 4 W. Parma.
Colleda, or Kar-Coln, X. Pru., in Merseburg,
on the Unstrutt ; 12 N. Weimar, 16 NNE. Er
furt. Pop. 1,700.
Collegal Pettah, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 30
ESE. Seringapatam. Lon. 77. 14. E. Lat. 12.
13. N. It contains 600 houses, and 2 large
temples. Collen, t. Prussia, in Culm ; 4 N. Culm.
Collen, t. Prussia ; 18 SE. Heilsberg.
Collet-de-Dezes, (Le,) X. France, in Lozere ;
12 S. Villefort.
Colleton, district, east part of S. C. Pop. in
1810, 26,359 ; slaves 21,858. Pop. in 1820,
26,404. Collewah, X. Birmah, on the left bank of the
Irawaddy ; 20 W. Ava.
Colli, (Le,) t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 15
W. Celano.
Collier, t. N. C, on a creek, which runs into
the Atlantic ; 14 NE. Wilmington. Lon. 77. 55.
W. Lat. 34. 19. N.
Collinee, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 15 SE.
St. Brieuc.
Collinsburg, p-v. Centre co. Pa. ; W. 215.
Collin's Settlement, p-v. Lewis co. Va. ; W.
262. Collinsville, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. ; 153
Harrisburg, W. 215.
Collioure, X. France, in East-Pyrenees, with
a small port on the Mediterranean, defended by
a castle on a rock, chiefly inhabited by fisher
men ; 15 SE. Perpignan, 15 E. Ceret Lon. 3.
5. E. Lat. 42. 32. N. Pop. 1,178. The Spaniards
were defeated by the French, near this town,
in the month of May 1794. The National Con
vention decreed, that a column should be
erected on the spot, in memorial that " here
7,000 Spaniards laid down their arms before
the Republicans."
Colliwilly, X. Ceylon ; 50 W. Trinkamaly.
Collispauk, X. Carnatic ; 24 WNW. Gingee.
Collmcn, or Cullmen, X. Saxony, in Leipsic ;
6 ENE. Mutschen.
Collobrieres, X. France, Var ; 18 NE. Toulon.
Collong, isl. in the straits of Malacca ; about
15 miles in circ, separated from the island of
Lumhagan, and 2 or 3 smaller, by a channel,
to which it gives name. Lon. 101. 30. E. Lat.
3. 2. N.

Collong, r. Asia, which runs into the straits'of
Malacca, Lon. 101. 29. E. Lat. 3. 2. N.
Collonge, X. France, in Ain ; 15 SSW. Gex.
Collonges, X. Savoy. Pop. 2,250.
Collops Magnus, now Cull.
Collos, (Os,) t. Portugal, in Alentejo; 36
SW. Beja.
Collumpton, see Cullvmpton.
Collymuddy, r. Hind., which rises in the su
bah of Delhi, and runs into the Ganges, 5 SE.
Canoge. Colm, small isl. Scot, in the Frith of Forth ; 6
SE. Dunfermline.
Colm, small isl. near north coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4. 9. W. Lat. 58. 30. N.
Calmar, X. Holstein ; 5 SE. Gluckstadt.
Colmar, (an. Columbaria or Argentivaria,)
t. France, and capital of Upper-Rhine ; 7£ posts
S. Strasburg, 9£ N. Bale. Lon. 7. 26. E. Lat.
48. N. Pop. 14,115. It is situated on two small
rivers, the Fecht and the Lauch, and surround
ed by a wall, flanked with towers. It contains
a hospital, an arsenal, a great public school, a
library of 20,000 vols., and very pleasant pub
lic walks, and has a considerable manufacture
of fine calico, woollen cloth, stockings, hard
ware, and gunpowder. — In 1674, the elector of
Brandenburg and duke de Bourgonville were
defeated near this town, by Marshal Turenne.
—Native, Pfeffel.
Colmars, t. France, in Lower- Alps ; 17 NE.
Digne, 22 N. Castellane. Pop. 898.
Colmberg, or Kolhenberg, t. Bavaria, in Re
zat ; 9 NW. Anspach. Pop. 650.
Colme, (La,) r. France, which branches front
the river Aa, at Watte, in Straits-of-Calais.
See Aa.
Colmenar de Orejo, t. Spain, Toledo, on the
confines of New Castile ; 21 NW. Talavera de
la Reina. Pop. 2,049.
Colmenar Viejo, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 15
NE. Escurial. Pop. 4,000.
Colmensee, t. Prussia ; 14 SE. Culm.
Colmilz, t. Austria ; 4 SSW. Drossendorf.
Colmnitz, X. Sax., Erzgebirg ; 6 E. Freyberg.
Colmreulh, t. Bavaria ; 6 NE. Forcheim.
Coin, r. Eng., which passes by Uxbridge and
Colnbrook, and runs into the Thames, at
Staines, separating the county of Middlesex
from Buckinghamshire.
Coin, r. Eng., which runs into the sea, near
Colchester. Coin, r. Eng., which runs into the Thames, at
Cricklade. Colnah, t. Bengal, in Boosnah ; 13 SSE.Mah-
mudpour. Colnbrook, X. Eng., in Bucks, on the river
Coin, with a weekly market on Wednesday; 3
E. Windsor, 17 W. London. Lon. 0. 32. W. Lat.
51. 29. N.
Colne, X. Eng., in Lancashire, with a weekly
market on Wednesday ; 32 N. Manchester,214
NNW. London. Lon. 2. 7. W. Lat. 53. 48. N.
Pop. 5,336.
Colo, X. Poland, in Kalisch ; 20 N. Kalisch.
Coloal, X. Hind., Canara; 12 S. Mangalore.
Coloca, t. S. A., in Buenos Ayres ; 42 N. Santa
Cruz de la Sierra la Nueva.
Colochina, see Colokitia.
Colocza, X. Hungary, in Pest, on the Danube,

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421

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formerly a city of consequence, but now much
gone to decay, in consequence of repeated
wars; 60 N. Bacs, 136. SE. Vienna. Lon. 18.
54. E. Lat. 46. 33. N. Pop. 4,016. Abp. see. It
contains a college and a seminary.
Colodi, X. Lucca ; 7 miles from Lucca.
Coloe, now Dobarua.
Cologna, X. Italy, in the Paduan, containing
about 300 houses ; the chief trade is in wine
and silk.
Cologna, X. Italy, in the Vicentin ; 20 S. Vi
cenza. Pop. 6,200. Trade in wine and silk.
Cologne, or Cologn, a secularized archbish
opric fa electorate, Ger., in Lower Rhine, di
vided into several districts by other estates, now
forming a part of the Prussian province of Ju
liers-Cleves-Berg. The greater part was situ
ated upon the Rhine, between the duchies of
Juliers and Berg ; another part between Juliers
and Treves ; the duchies of Recklinghausen
and Westphalia form another. The soil is une
qual ; being composed of mountains and for
ests, sandy lands, and fertile fields ; there is
plenty of game, fish, and mineral springs, and
vineyards, from which is made excellent wine.
The inhabitants are in general Catholics. Pop.
217,000. It now forms the greater part of the
Prussian government of Cologne.
Cologne, (an. Colonia Agnippina,) city, Pru.,
capital of a government, in the province of Ju
liers-Cleves-Berg, formerly capital of an arch
bishopric, to which it gave name, founded by
the Ubii ; 20 SSE. Dusseldorf, 80 NNE. Treves,
95 NW. Frankfort-on-the-Maine. Lon. 6. 55. E.
Lon. 50. 55. N. Pop. 49,150. H. 7,404. It con
tains a catheral, 9 collegiate churches, 19
Catholic parish churches, 17 monasteries, 39
nunneries, 49 chapels, 19 hospitals, a Catholic
gymnasium, and a Protestant consistory. It is
built in the form of a crescent, on the borders
of the Rhine, and fortified in the ancient man
ner. The streets are narrow, winding, and
gloomy, and the houses ill built. The walls have
a number of towers, and are about 7 miles in
circuit. Cologne has long held a conspicuous
rank in Catholic Germany, both from the in
fluence of its university, and the number and
zeal of its clergy. In 1794, the ecclesiastics of
all ranks amounted to at least 2,000. The uni
versity, which was established in 1388, was
suppressed by the French, who erected in its
stead a lyceum,to which is attached an exten
sive library, a museum, a philosophical ap
paratus, and a botanic garden.
Cologne, from its favourable situation, has
been long noted for its commerce, and was
once regarded as one of the 4 principal Hanse
towns. — Natives, Agrippa, Rubens, Anna Maria
Schurman, Vondel, and Vorstius. — Pop. of the
government 321,608. Sq. m. 1,462, Itis divid
ed into 1 1 circles.
Cologne, X. France, in Gers ; 18 E. Auch.
Pop. 848.
Cologne, see Berlin.
Colognoli, X. Tuscany ; 6 E. Leghorn.
Cologny, X. Switz. ; 2 NE. Geneva.
Cologuola, X. Italy ; 16 E. Bergamo.
Colokitia, or Kolokitia, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on S.
coast of the Morea, in a gulf, (an. Laconic Gulf)
to which it gives name ; 25 SSE. Misitra. Lon.

22. 34. E. Lat. 36. 47. N. This was formerly
the seaport of the city of Sparta, and named
Gytheum. Colomay, X. Aust. Galicia ; 5 NE. Halicz.
Colombe, (La,) X. Franfee, in Channel ; 12
SE. Coutances.
Colombes, X. France, in Seine ; 3 NW, Paris.
Colombey aUx Belles Femmes, t France, in
Meurte ; 15 SW. Nancy. Fop. 858.
COLOMBIA, (Republic of) South America,
formed of the late viceroyalty of New Grenada
and the captain-generalship of Carraccas, or
republic of Venezuela ; bounded N. by the Ca
ribbean sea, E. by Dutch, French, and Portu
guese Guiana, S. by Amazonia and Peru, from
which it is separated by the Amazon, and W.
by the Pacific ocean. Lon. 58. to 82. W. Lat.
12. 30. N. to 6. S. Fop. stated by Malte-Brun,
in 1820, and by a Spanish journal, at 2,500,000;
New Grenada 1,600,000, fa Venezuela 900,000.
Towns. The principal towns are Santa Fe
de Bogota, the capital of New Grenada ; Carac
cas, and St. Thomas, capitals of Venezuela ;
Quito, Popayan, Carthagena, Cuenca, Riobam
ba, Otobalo, Guayaquil, Merida, Panama, Cu
mana, Maracaybo, Barcelona, and Truxillo.
Rivers. It is watered by the great river Ori
noco, and its branches. The Amazon forms
the southern boundary ; and the country is
watered by many of its tributaries. The other
principal river is the Magdalena.
Mountains. The ranges of the Andes extend
through the country. Towards the southern
part of it are found the celebrated summits of
Chimborazo, Antesana, Pichinca, Cotopaxi,
Cayamba, Ourcou, and Altair.
The face of the country, soil, and produc
tions are various. New Grenada is rich in
minerals, and Venezuela abounds in cattle. —
See JVew Grenada and Venezuela.
On the 17th Dec. 1819, the congress of Vene
zuela, at St. Thomas of Angostura, made a de
claration of the fundamental law of union of
the republic of Colombia. On the 17th July
1821, the representatives of New Grenada and
Venezuela, in general congress, at the city of
Rosario de Cucuta, declared the following,
among others, fundamental laws of the union
of the people of Colombia ; that the people of
New Grenada and Venezuela be united in one
body, as a nation, under the name of the Re
public of Colombia; that the government be
popular and representative ; the nation free
and independent of the Spanish monarchy, as
well as of all other foreign powers ; that the
government consist of legislative, executive,
and judiciary authorities ; that the territory be
divided into 6 or more departments, having an
administration dependent on the national gov
ernment; that when the state of the nation
shall admit, a new city shall be founded, as the
capital of the republic, which shall bear the
name of the liberator, Bolivar, the site to be
determined by congress ; that there be an an
nual national festival of three days, on Dec.
25th, 26th, and 27th.
The republic has been divided into 7 depart
ments, viz. Venezuela, Sulia, Boyacca, Cundi-
narmaca, Magdalena, Cauca, and Orinoco. In
1821, a law was passed, establishing a uni-

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422

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form system of education, and instituting in
each ofthe provinces a college, with at least 2
professors. The constitution is said to resem
ble that of the United States, but the president
is elected for 7 years.
Colombier, X. France, in Upper-Sa6ne ; 4 NE.
Vesoul, 10 W. Lure.
Colombier, X. Switz., 'in Neufchatel ; 2 SW.
Neufchatel. Pop. 800,'
Colombier le Jeune, X. France, in Ardeche ;
17 N. Privas.
Colombiers, X. France, in Aveiron ; 1 1 W.
Rhodez. Colonche, X. Quito ; 70 NW. Guayaquil.
Coloni, X. Palestine ; 12 W. Jerusalem.
Colombraro, X. Naples, in Basilicata ; 4 SSW.
Tursi. Colonia, X. Istria; 5 SSE. Rovigno.
Colonia, (an. JEquum- Colonia,) t.Eu. Turkey,
in Dalmatia ; 24 N. Spalatro.
Colonia, now Chonac, and Lorbus.
Colonia, see St. Sacrament, and Colchester.
Colonia Fragana, now Koln.
Colonia Agrippina, now Cologne.
Colonia Marcia, now Marchena.
Colonic, X. Albany co. N.Y., on W.side ofthe
Hudson ; now annexed to the city of Albany.
Golonna, see Nemea.
Colonna, (an. Sunium,) v. fa cape, Eu. Tur
key, in the most southern part of Livadia. Lon.
24. 2. E. Lat. 37. 36. N. It has many remains
of antiquity.
Colonna, X. Popedom, in the Campagna, di
Roma;. 12 Rome.
Colonne, X. France, in Jura ; 6 WNW. Po-
ligny. Colonnoor, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 6 NNE.
Nellore. Colonsa, or Colonsay, one of the Western
Islands of Scot. ; 6 miles long, and 2 broad, in
Argyleshire, with rugged hills and fertile val
leys. The island of Oronsay lies between this
and Isla. Lon. 6. 8. W. Lat. 56. 7. N. -Pop.'786.
Colonsa, one of the Western Islands, near
SW. coast of Mull. Lon. 6. 14. W. Lat. 56. 30.N.
Coloor, X. Hind., in the circar of Guntoor, in
which is a diamond mine, situated on S. side of
the Kistnah ; 13 NW. Condavir.
Colophon, X. Ionia ; 8 or 10 NW. Ephesus.
No vestige of it now semains.
Colopo, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 1. N.
Colorado, r. Guatimala, which runs into the
Spanish Main, Lon. 82. 50. W. Lat. 10. 15. N.
Colorados, (Los,) X. S. A., in Tucuman ; 105
NE. Salvador de Jujui.
Colorado, r. Mexico, which runs into the bay
of St. Bernard, Lat. 29. N. 600 miles long.
Colorado, r. Mexico, which runs SW. into the
gulf of California, Lat 33. N. Length, about
1,000 miles.
Colorado, or Riviere Rouge, r. Louisiana,
which runs into the gulf of Mexico, 50 S. New
Orleans. Colorado, see Desaguero.
Colorados, (Los,) numerous cluster of small
islands or rocks, near the NW. coast of Cuba.
Coloran, or Coleroon, r. Hind., which after a
course of 80 miles, flows into the Cauvery, at
Devicotta.

Coloredo, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 7 NW. Udina.
Colorno, t Italy, Parmesan ; 7 N. Parma.
Colos, X. Transylvania ; 4 N. Colosvar.
Coloso, X. S. A., Carthagena ; 32 S. Tolu.
Colosse, t. Cyprus, on the river Lycus ; 30
SE. Baffa. The environs are most beautifully
adorned with mulberry trees for the silk
worms, and also with a great number of orange
and lemon gardens ; at the S. end there is an
ancient preceptory of the knights of St. John of
Jerusalem, which is now in ruins : there are
likewise the remains of a very high aqueduct
that conveyed water to it. It is the opinion of
some that the ancient city of Curium was here.
Coipsse, t. Asia Minor, now Chonos.
Colosvar, see Gausenburg.
Colovety, X. Hind., in Barramaul ; 16 NNW.
Namacul. Coloumasar, X. Hind., in Marawar; 20 N.
Trumian. Colour, X. Hind., Palnaud ; 40 miles from Ti-
merycotta. Colour, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 30 N. Seringa
patam. Colourpour, X. Hind., in Guntoor; 15 S. W.
Guntoor. Colpes, X. Tucuman ; 15 N. St. Fernando.
Colpo, t. fa capital of a jurisdiction, in Peru.
Colquemarea, t«La Plata ; 30 S. Oruro.
Colsir, X. Thibet ; 50 NE. Harachar-Hotun.
Colsom Bay, bay on N. coast of the island of
Ruatan. Colsom Point, cape on E. coast of Yucatan.
Lon. 89. 15. W. Lat. 18. 10. N.
Colter's River, i. N. A. which runs S. into
Lewis's River.
Colnet Village, p-v. Barnstable co. Mass. ; 81
Boston, W. 481.
Colugo, or Irongale, fortress, Grand Bukha
ria, in a passage cut through rocks ; 80 W. Sa-
gainian. Columbatz, X. fa fortress, Eu. Turkey, in Ser
via, on the Danube ; 35 E. Semendria.
Columbia, p-t. Washington co. Maine, on
Pleasant river ; 18 SW. Machias, 321 NE. Bos
ton, W. 757. Lon. 67. 41. W. Lat. 44. 39. N.
Pop. 537.
Columbia, formerly Cockburne, p-t. Coos co.
N. H., on E. side of the Connecticut; 19 N.
Lancaster, W. 570. Pop. 281.
Columbia, p-t. Windham co. Ct. ; 9 W. Wind
ham, 22 E. Hartford, W. 354. Pop. 941.
Columbia, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Rensse
laer co., E. by Massachusetts, S. by Dutchess
co., and W. by the Hudson. Pop. in 1810,
32,390; in 1820, 38,330. Chief town, Hudson.
Columbia, p-v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. ; 234
NNW. Albany, W. 522.
Columbia, p-t. in Sussex co. N. J., on E. side
of the Delaware ; 20 miles above Easton, 74
Trenton, W. 222.
Columbia co. Pa., intersected by the east
branch of the Susquehanna ; bounded N. by
Lycoming co., E. by Luzerne co., S. by Sus
quehanna co., and W. by Northumberland co.
Pop. 17,621. Chief towns, Catawissa SiDanvillc.
Columbia, p-t & bor. Lancaster co. Pa., on
E. side of the Susquehanna ; 10 W. Lancaster,
12 E. York, 46 SE. Harrisburg, 72 W. Philadel
phia, W. 98. Pop. 1,891. . It is a pleasant and

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flourishing town, and has considerable trade,
chiefly in lumber. It contains a bank, and 3
houses of public worship, 1 for English Presby
terians, 1 for German Presbyterians, and 1 for
Methodists. A large proportion of the houses
are handsomely built with brick. Here is erect
ed across the Susquehanna an excellent cover
ed bridge, l\ mile in length, which cost 230,000
dollars. Columbia, (District of) tract of country 10
miles square, on both sides of the Potomac,
about 120 miles from its mouth, ceded to the
United States, by Virginia and Maryland in
1790. It includes the cities of Washington,
Alexandria, and Georgetown. It is under the
immediate government of Congress. Pop. in
1810, 24,023 ; slaves, 5,395. Pop. in 1820,
32,039. The exports of this district, in 1816,
amounted to 1,680,811 dollars.
Columbia, p-t. Fluvanna co. Va., on N. side
of James- river, at the junction of the Rivanna ;
52 WNW. Richmond, W. 151. It has conside
rable trade in tobacco.
Columbia, p-t. Si cap. Tyrrel co. N. C. ; 187
E. Raleigh. W. 336.
Columbia, p-t. Si cap. S. C, in Richland dis
trict ; 35 SW. Camden, 73 NE. Augusta, 120
NNW. Charleston, W. 507. Lon. 81. 7. W.
Lat. 33. 57. N. Pop. in 1816, 2,058, of whom
1,031 were whites. It is situated opposite to
the confluence of the Saluda and Broad rivers,
which unite to form the Congaree. From the
river there is a gradual ascent for one mile ;
then commences a plain of between 2 and 3
miles in extent, gradually descending on every
side. This elevated plain forms the site of the
town, which presents a handsome and extensive
prospect. The town was formed in 1787. It is
regularly laid out. The streets intersect each
other at right angles, and are 100 feet wide.
Columbia is a flourishing town, and contains
a statehouse, a court house, a jail, a market
house, a branch of the state bank of S. C, an
academy for males, and one for females, a col
lege, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Epis
copalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists,
and 1 for Methodists. The state house is of 2
stories, 170 feet by 60; and is situated, in the
central part of the town. The Presbyterian
church is an elegant edifice, . presenting in its
front two lofty spires ; and the Episcopal church
has a bell and an organ. The houses display
much taste and elegance. They are mostly of
wood ; but the taste for building with brick is
now predominating. A steam boat plies be
tween this town and Charleston.
The South Carolina College was founded in
this town in 1802, but the first graduation did
not take place till 1807. It is under the liberal
patronage of the state legislature, from which it
receives an annual grant of 10, or 12,000 dollars.
The college buildings are two edifices, of 3 sto
ries, about 210 feet long, and 25 wide, contain
ing a chapel, recitation rooms, and rooms for
the accommodation of students. These build
ings stand opposite to each other ; at the head
of the opening between them, stands the presi
dent's house, a large building. In a range be
low on one side are two large tenements for
two professors, and a steward's house; on the

other side are two similar tenements for profes
sors, and a large building containing the philo
sophical apparatus, and libraiy, with an obser
vatory upon its summit. These buildings are all
of brick, and regularly arranged, and make an
impressive appearance. The libraiy contains
about 5,000 volumes. The chemical apparatus
and the . philosophical are both extensive, and
cost upwards of 7,000 dollars.
The board of trustees is composed of the
governor, lieutenant governor, president of the
senate, speaker of the house of representatives,
the judges of the state, together with 13 mem
bers elected by the legislature every 4 years.
The executive government is entrusted to a
president, 4 professors, 1 of languages, 1 of
moral philosophy and logic, 1 of chemical and
experimental philosophy and mineralogy, and
1 of mathematics, mechanical philosophy, and
astronomy ; and 2 tutors. The number of stu
dents, in 1818, was upwards of 100. There is but
one session in a year, which continues 9 months,
and one vacation of 3 months, commencing
about the 1st of July. The commencement is
held on the 1st Monday in December, during
the sitting of the legislature.
Columbia, co. N. part of Georgia ; Pop. in
1810,11,242; slaves, 5,980. Pop.in 1820, 12,695.
At the courthouse, 40 W. Augusta, there is an
academy. W. 605.
Columbia, p-t Herkimer co. N. Y. ; 8 S. Her
kimer, 80 WNW. Albany, W. 403. Pop. 2,051.
Columbia, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the
Ohio, at the conflux of the Little Miami ; 5 E.
Cincinnati, W. 507. Pop. of the township 2,814.
The village contains about 50 houses.
Columbia, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. 195 NE.
Columbus, W. 380. Pop. 181.
Columbia, p-t. Si cap. Adair co. Kentucky; 17
miles from Greensburg, W. 658. Pop. 175.
Here is a bank.
Columbia, p-t. Gibson co. Indiana ; 176 In-
dianopolis, W. 725.
Columbia, p-t. fa cap. Maury co. Ten., on
Duck river ; 40 SW. Nashville, 40 Murfreesbo-
ro, W. 768. Pop. 300. It contains a bank and
a printing office.
Columbia, p-t. fa cap. Marion co. Mississippi,
110 Natchez, W. 1,225.
Columbia, r. North America, which rises ac
cording to Mackenzie, in the Rocky moun
tains, about Lon. 121. W. Lat. 54. 23. N.,
within a few miles of the source of the Unijah
or Peace river ; and after a course of about
1,500 miles, it flows into the Pacific ocean be
tween Point Adams and Cape Disappointment,
Lon. 123. 54. W. Lat 46. 19. N. The three
great tributaries of this river are the Multno
mah, Lewis's river, and Clark's river, all flowing
into it on SE. side ; the Multnomah 139 miles
from its mouth, Lewis's river 413, and Clark's
600 miles. At the point ofthe junction of Lewis's
river the Columbia is 960 yards wide. The tide
flows up 183 miles, to within 7 miles of the
great rapids. Vessels of 300 tons may reach the
Multnomah, and large sloops may ascend as
high as the tide. Above the rapids the navigation
is good for 65 miles, where it is interrupted by
the long narrows ; and 6 miles higher up, i.e. 261
miles above the mouth of the river, ft is inter-

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rupted by falls of 20 feet perpendicular; above
the falls the navigation continues good to the
junction of Lewis'sriver. The portages around
these obstructions of the navigation amount in
all to 5 miles.
The entrance of the Columbia lies between
breakers which extend from Cape Disappoint
ment to a point on the southern shore, over a
sort of bar or extensive flat. The entrance into
the river and the egress out of it, are difficult at
all seasons, and from October to April extreme
ly dangerous ; and in the opinion of experienc
ed navigators, it cannot at any season be en
tered by loaded vessels of 400 tons. The wes
terly wind prevails on this coast, and the sea
breaks on the bar with great violence. The
first modern navigator that entered this river,
was Mr. Gray, commander of the ship Colum
bia of Boston. He entered it in 1791, and
since that time the river has been known by
the name of Columbia. It was before called
the Origon and River of the West.
The country bordering on the Columbia to
wards the ocean, is covered with heavy timber,
consisting almost wholly of fir, of which Capts.
Lewis a"d Clark mention 7 species, some
growing to a great height. The soil is fertile,
composed of a dark rich loam. The length of
the valley from north to south, has never been
ascertained. The climate is much milder than
in the same parallel on the Atlantic coast
Columbian Grove, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va. ;
102 Richmond, W. 216.
Columbian College, see Washington Cily.
Columbiana, co. E. part of Ohio. Pop. 22,033.
Chief town, New Lisbon.
Columbiana, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio ; 6
NE. New Lisbon, 55 NW. Pittsburg, W. 296.
Colombo, X. Ceylon ; 70 SW. Candy. Lon.
79. 47. E. Lat. 6. 58. N. Pop. estimated at up
wards of 50,000. It is the capital of the island,
the seat of government, situated on the SW.
part. The plan of the city is regular, nearly
divided into 4 quarters by two principal streets,
and the town is built more in the European
style than most garrisons in India, though but
few of the houses have more than one story.
It is a place of considerable trade ; but the
harbour is difficult of access, and unsafe for
large vessels. Scarcely any place in the world
displays a greater variety of nations, manners,
and religions.
Columbus, p-t. Franklin co. Ohio, and the
capital of the state ; 42 N. Chillicothe, 60 W.
Zanesville, 104 NW. Marietta, 109 NE. Cincin
nati, W. 418. Lon. 83. 3. W. Lat. 39. 47. N. It
is situated on E. bank of the Scioto, on a plea
sant site of rising ground, just below the con
fluence of the Whetstone, with the Scioto, and
is within 20 miles of the centre of the state. It
was laid out in 1812, and contained, in 1817,
about 200 houses, and 1,400 inhabitants. It
contains a state house, a building for the public
offices, a penitentiary, a market house, a bank,
and 2 printing offices, from each of which a
newspaper is published.
In the centre of the town there is a public
square containing 10 acres. On W. side of this
area are erected the state house, and building
for the public offices, both of brick, the former
75 feet by 50, and the latter 120 by 25.

Columbus, co. N. C. Pop. in 1810, 3,022 ;
slaves 703. Pop. in 1820, 3,912. Chief town,
Whitesville. Columbus, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. ; 12 NW.
Norwich, 88. W. Albany, W. 356. Pop. 1,806.
Columbus, p-t. Bartholomew co. Indiana ; 29
Indianopolis, W. 642.
Columpa, t. Cambodia; 130 NNW. Cam
bodia. Columpihan, one of the smaller Philippine
islands, near N. coast of Leyta. Lon; 124. 21.
E. Lat. 11.20.N.
Coluri, or Colouri, (an. Calami's, Pithyusa, h
Cychria,) isl. in the gulf of Engia, near the
coast of Livadia, about 7 miles long, and 2
wide ; famous in the history of Greece for the
signal victory gained over the Persians ; 10 W.
Athens. Lon. 23. 36. E. Lat. 38. N. Pop. 1,000.
Colwyn, v. S. Wales, in Radnorshire ; 8 SW.
Radnor. Here are the remains of a castle,
called Castle Maud.
Colyton, see Cullyton.
Com, see Kom.
Coma, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 7. 30. S.
Coma, t. Syria, in the road from Aleppo to
Bassora, where there is a spring of warm water ;
150 ESE. Aleppo.
Comachio,X. Italy, in the States-of-the-Church,
in a marshy country, called The Valley of Co-
machio ; 28 E. Ferrara, 49 S. Venice. Lon. 12,
10. E. Lat. 44. 41. N. Pop. 5,000. Bp. see.
The inhabitants are mostly fishermen.
Comade, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 9 E. Surat.
Comagene, ancient country, Asia; now a part
of Marasch.
Comwn, t. Walachia; 5 N. Viddin.
Comana, X. Cappadocia, on the Sams, famous
for the temple of Bellona. Now El Boston.
Comania, countiy, Asia, the same with Da
gestan, which see.
Comanava, t. Macedonia ; 28 ESE. Skopia.
Comarau, or Santos Anges, X. Brasil, on the
river Negro ; 115 W. Fort Rio Negro.
Comoro, X. Brazil, on the river Amazon ; 36
SE. Pauxis.
Comdreeah, t. Bengal ; 10 N. Islamabad.
Comareeah, X. Guzerat ; 23 E. Godra.
Comargong, X. Bengal ; 25 NW. Nattore.
Comartch, r. S. Wales in Brecknockshire,
which runs into the Yrvon, 8 W. Bealth.
Comau, X. S. A. in Para, on the river of the
Amazon ; 6 NW. Macapa.
Comayagua, see Valladolid.
Comb Martin, X. Eng., on N. coast of Devon
shire in the Bristol Channel, with a small creek
for boats ; 39 W. Bridgewater, 176 W. London.
Lon. 4. W. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop. 732. Near it
are silver mines, which formerly produced a
considerable quantity of ore.
Combo, t. Africa, Kaarta ; 95 E. Kemmoo.
Combahee, see Cambohee.
Camham, t. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 65 N. Cud
dapa. Lon. 79. 8. E. Lat. 15. 28. N.
Combamet, X. Hind., in Golconda; 68 E. Hy
drabad. Lon. 80. 2. E. Lat. 17. 19. N.
Combanson, X. Congo ; 25 SE. Sundi.
Combarya, t. Bengal ;. 8 W. Bissunpour.
Combe, (La,) X. Savoy; 9. NNW. Annecy.
Combeau Fontein«,t.France,,in Upper-Saone;
7 S. Jussey, 11 WNW. Vezoul.

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425

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Combeny, r. S. Wales, in Caermarthenshire,
which runs into the Loughor, 6 NE. Llanelthy.
Combermere, lake, Eng., in Cheshire, on the
borders of Shropshire ; 5 S. Nantwich.
Combi, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat.. 3. 30. S.
Combiconum, t. Carnatic ; 20 NE. Tanjore.
Combir Bay, bay on E. coast of Cochin-china.
Lon. 109. E. Lat. 13. 23. N.
Combir do Mer, small isl. in the Chinese sea,
near the. coast of Cochin-china. Lon. 109. 58.
E. Lat. 13. 44. N.
Combir da Terra, small isl. in the Chinese
sea, near the coast of Cochin-china. Lon. 109.
9. E. Lat. 13. 24. N.
Comble,X. France, Somme ; 9Peronne. Pop.
1,600. Combo, X. on N. coast ofthe island of Cumba-
va. Lon. 118. 18. E. Lat. 8. 21. S.
Comb-Omb, i. e. The Hill of Ombo, t. Egypt,
on the right bank of the Nile, opposite to an
island anciently called Ombos. There are great
ruins about the hill, especially of an ancient
temple. The people of Ombos were famous
for the worship of the crocodile.
Combondongdon, isl. in the E. Indian sea, a-
bout50 miles in circ. Lon. 104. 24. E. Lat. 0.
27. S.
Combonore, X. Hind., in Barramaul ; 8 NE.
Darempoury. Combooconam, X. Hind, in Tanjore ; 20 NNE.
Tanjore. Lon. 79. 25. E. Lat 11. N. This
was the ancient capital of the Chola race, and
there are still remains indicating its ancient
splendour. Combourg, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 7
S. Dol. Pop. 4,170.
Combrailles, before the revolution, a small
country of France, in Auvergne, of which E-
vaux was the capital.
Combre, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire; 7
W. Segre. H. 230.
Combregoudou, X. Africa, and capital of a dis
trict, in Bambouk ; 90 S. Galam.
Combret, X. France, in Aveiron ; 24 E. Alby.
Pop. 1,255.
Combretonium, now Stretford.
Combrovde, t. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 6
N. Riom. Pop. 1,514.
Combwmpadoo, X. Hind, in Hydrabad ; 70 E.
Hydrabad. Comcha, or Comicha, t. Persia, where the
caravans rest in the road from Ispahan to Or-
mus. Comeer, X. Hind, in Newel ; 20 NW. Fatty-
pour. Comenitza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Albania; 40
NW. Arte, 52 SW. Delfino.
Comercally, t Bengal, in Boosnah ; 37 NW.
Mahmudpour. Lon. 89. 20. W. Lat. 23. 54. N.
Comerchin, X. Romania ; 62 E. Emboli.
Comergunge, X. Bengal ; 15 NE. Dinagepour.
Comerla, t. Hind, in Cuddapa; UN. Gandi-
cotta. Comerparah, t. Bengal ; 28 SSE. Mahmud
pour. Comerpour, X. Bengal, on the left bank ofthe
Ganges ; 15 NE. Moorshedabad.
Comery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic ; 26 ENE.
Coilpetta. Vol. I, 64

Comesaggio, or Comessazo, X. ttaly;4NE.
Sabionetta. Comeisagio', r. Italy, which runs into the Og-
lio, 9 NE. Sabionetta.
Cometta, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 32 NW, Gan-
dicotta. Comezzano, X. Italy ; 12 WSW. Brescia.
Comfodoli, see Ghunfude.
Comhola, r. Ireland, which runs into Bantry
bay, 3 N. Bantry.
Comitdah, X. Bengal, in Chittagong ; 23 NNW.-
Islamabad. Comillah, t: Bengal, and capital of a district,
annexed to Bengal fromTiperah; 160 ENE.
Calcutta, 171 ESE. Moorshedabad. Lon. 91.
15. E. Lat. 23. 25. N.
Cominaig, X. Carnatic ; 27 W. Madura.
Comines, X. France Si Netherlands, on the
Lys, which divides it into two parts ; 7 N. Lille,
25 S. Bruges. The part on the right bank of the
Lys belongs to the French dep. of North. Pop.
4,570. The smaller part, on the left bank, is
included in West Flanders. Pop. 2,677. This
town is greatly reduced from its former gran
deur by accidents and war. — Philip de Comines,
author of the celebrated Memoirs of his own
Time, was born of an illustrious family in this
place. Comino, small island in the Mediterranean,
between Malta and Gozo.
Comis, (an. Comisene,) small pr. Persia,
bounded on N. by Mazanderan, E. by Chora
san, S. by Couheston, and W. by Irac. Bis-
tain is the capital.
Comisserah, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 26 NW. Sa
seram. Comite, r. La., which rises in Mis., and joins
the Amite, 12 miles E. Baton Rouge.
Comitlan, t. Guatimala, in Chiapa; 70 SE.
Chiapa dos Espagnols.
Commana, X. Walachia ; 20 SSW. Bucharest.
Commani, see Commendo.
Commantawana, bay on N. coast of the island
of St. Vincent; 1 E. Tarraty Point.
Commondagur, t. Hind., in Sehaurunpour;
21 S. Merat.
Commendo, or Commani, or Kommani, km.
Africa, on the Gold coast, about 20 miles
square, formerly a part of the. kingdom of Fe-
lu, or Zabu, but now an independent kingdom
of itself. The natives are of a warlike disposi
tion, and so numerous, that the king is said to
be able, in this little kingdom, to raise an army
of 20,000 men ; his ordinary body guard is com
posed of 500 men, well armed.
Commendo, (Grand,) or Guaffo, t. Africa,
capital of the kingdom of Commendo, and res
idence of the king, situated at some distance
from the coast. Lon. 3. 34. W. Lat. 5. 16. N.
It is well inhabited and large, containing about
400 houses.
Commendo, (Little,) X. Africa, situated on the
Gold coast, close to the shore of the Atlantic
Lon. 3. 34. W. Lat. 5. 12. N. It was once -a'
place of great note, and one ofthe finest towns
in Guinea. At present it exhibits only the re
mains of a once flourishing. great city. ¦ Here,
the English and Dutch have forts.
Commeno, X. Turkish Albania; 36 NE. Alba-
sani.

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426

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¦Commequiers, X. France, in Vendee; 15 N.
Sables d'Olonne. Pop. 1,200.
Commeragh, mountains, Ireland, in the coun
ty of Waterford ; 8 N. Dungatson.
Commercy, t France,, priiacipfll place of a
district, in Meuse ; 16 E. Bar-le-Duc, 24 SSE.
Verdun. Lon. 5. 40. E. Lat '43. 46. N. Pop.
3,418. Commtrfuta, t. Assam, on the Burrampooter ;
50 E. Rangamatty.
• Commin, X. Hiitd., in the Deccan ; 65 N. Cud
dapa. Commingas, before the revolution, a countiy
of France, in Gascony, about 45 miles in length,
and 18 in breadth ; the see. of a bishop, whose
residence was at St. Bertrand, the capital.
Commonava, t. Macedonia; SONNE. Akrida.
Commotou, or Ghomotm, or Chamutou, t. Bo
hemia, in Saatz ; 10 NW. Saatz, 38. S. Dresden,
42 NW. Prague. Lon. 13. 26. E, Lat. 50. 26. N.
Pop. 5,200. Large quantities of alum are prer
pared here.
Comnioulah Dkgah, t. Hind., in Oude.; 35 W.
Lucknow. Commulachuck, t Hind., in Bahar, on the
Soane; 9 NE. Arrah.
Cortmi, t Carnatic; 33 N. Nellore.
Como, (an. Comum,) city, Aust. Italy, capital
of a delegation ia the government of Milan; 20
N. Milan. Lon. 9. 6. E. Lat. 45. 48. N. Pop.
14,693, or, as by another statement, 7,228. Bp.
see. It is pleasantly situated at S. end Of a. lake
to which it gives. name ; in, a plain, almost sur
rounded with mountains; large, populous, and
commercial, and contains 12 parish churches.
The town is surrounded by a wall, guarded, by
picturesque towers, and) backed by a oonical
eminence, on which stand the ruins of an an
cient castle. The houses are neatly built of
stone, and the cathedral is a handsome edifice
of white marble, hewn from the neighbouring
quarries. — This town was the birth-place of the
younger Pliny, and the inhabitants have placed
his statue on the outside of one of the chnr.ehes*
with a Latin, inscription, bearing the date of
1499.— Pop. of the delegation, 298,956. Sq. m.
1*228: Como, (an. Lasrius,) lake, Italy, in the govern
ment of Milan. Its. greatest] length is 36 miles
from N. to S., and its breadth; from 1 to 4. Its
elevation above the sea is 70Q;feet ; towards the
5, it is divided into. two branches, at tlieendof
One stands Como, and at the end of the other
Leeco, The river Adda passes through it, and
several towns and- villages. are situated on its
banks; whiph are adorned with vines, chesnuts,
and. almpnd-trees.
Comoda, or Commoda, isl. in the E. Indian
sea, about 24 miles long from N.to S. and 10 in
breadth, separated from E. part of Cumbava,
by the strait of Sapy, and from W. coast of
Floras by the strait of: Mangei-ay. Lon. 119.
48. E. Lat. 8. 36. S.
Comoli s*p. Nubia, on the Red sea. Lat 22.
33. N.
Comoh, fc. Hind,,.in Guzerat; 8 S. Amedabad.
Comoro, or Comnwrro, or Gomara Islands,
islands in the Indian sea, betwieen the northern
extremity of Madagascar., and. the continent of
Africa ; they are four in number, Angareja, call

ed also Comora, Mohilla, Joanna, and MayJot-
ta. The inhabitants are uncivilized, soJ that
Europeans have never ventured to make a long
abode there. These islands are extremely fer
tile, well stocked with cattle, sheep, hogs, and
birds of various kinds. They produce likewise
sweet and sour oranges, citrons, hananasVhoney,
sugar canes, rice, ginger, cocoa nuts, fac. Lon.
43. to 45. E. Lat. 11. 10. to 13. S.
Comma, see Angareja.
Comora, (Little,) small island in the Indian
sea. Lon. 43. 15. E. Lat. 11. 18. S.
Comorin Bay, bay on E. coast Cochin-china.
Lon. 109i E. Eat. 1.1. 54. N.
Comorn, or Comora, X Hungary, and capital
of a county to which it gives name ; 36 SE.
Presburg,64 SE. Vienna. Pop. 9,283. H. 1,400.
Cath. churches 5, Luth. 1, Ref. 1, arid Greek 1.
It is situated at the conflux of the Waag, and the
Danube,: strongly! fortified, and defended by a
fortress. It is chiefly inhab i ted by Hungarians^
or Rascians, who follow the Greek church. In
the year 1783, it was almost wholly destroyed
by an earthquake.— Pop. of the county 1 1 1,864.
Sq. m. 1,138. Produce^ wheat, wine, fruit, fac.
Compach, r. Carinthia, which runs intra Moll,
near Vallach.
Company's Island, isl. in N. Pacific ocean,
about 60 in. in. length, and 30 to 45 in breadth.
This island appears to be uninhabited, and the
same as one called Uriup by the Russians. Lon.
151. 20. E. Lat. 46. N.
Compe-, t. Ludamar; 12 E. Benowm.
Compeyre, t France, in Aveiron, on the
Tarn ; 3 N. Milhaud. Pop. 1,018.
Compiano, X. Italy, in Parma, on. the Tafo ;
12 miles from Pontremoli.
Compiegne, t. France, and principal place of
a district, in Oise, with a, forest of wood, con
taining 27,000 acres, 100 of which are cut every
year ; 28 E. Beauvais. Lon. 2. 54l E. Lat. 49.
23. N. Pop. 7,058. The principal commerce
consists in corn, wine, and wood; the wine is
much esteemed. — The first organ ever seen in
Europe was given to this church by king Pepin.
Compignana, X. Tuscany ; 7 SW. Lucca.
Complutum, now Alcalu,
Compoli, X. Naples, in Lavora ; 4 E. Sorai
Composta, (La,) X. Savoy ; 9 ENE. Chamber}-.
Campostella, or San Jago de Cumpostella, (aa.
Brigantium,) city, Spain, and capital of Galicia;
98 W. Astocga. Lori. 8. 30. W. Lat. 42.52. N.
Pop. 21,334. It-is situated in a beautiful plain,
on all sides surrounded with agreeable hills,
between the Sar and Sarella, whichunite about
half a league below. Abp. see. In the metro
politan church are preserved, as they believe,
the remains of St James, the patron of Spain,
to whom the church is dedicated; and from
whom the town is named ; there. are 12 parish
churches, 14 religious houses^ and 4- hospitals.
The annual revenue of the archbishop is said to
amount to 60,000 ducat* c a university was esr
tablished here in the year 1532, consisting of
4 colleges.— The order,pf Sti Jago takes.its title
from this city, the knights of which possess 8SJ
commanderies, with an annual income of
200,000 ducats,
Composlella, (Jiaova,) X. Mexico, in Guada
laxara, built by Nunez de Guzman ; once the

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427

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see of a bishop, removed to Guadalaxara ; 800
W«W. Mexico. Lon. 106. II. W. Lat. 21. 20.
N. 'flhere are silver mines in the neighbour-
hood. Gompre\^naCj t. France, in Upper- Vienne ;
10 N. LimOgits.
Comps, t. Fr«nce, in Var ; 10 N. Draguis&ah.
Fop. 800.
Compsa, now Cdiv«a.
Compsey, i. Hind. >i Bednore ; 15 NW. Si-
mogu. Comtdh, t Hind.; 54 WSW. Allahabad.
Comtah, t. Hind., in Berar; 65 NE. Nagpour.
Compton, (Little,) Indian nam» Seconnet; p-t.
Newport to. R.,I., on- the main land, on E. side
of Nareaga'nset bay; 9 ENE. Newport, W. 442.
Pop. 1,580
Compton, X. Bergen co. N, J. Pop. 2,8rs,
Compton, v. Eng.. in Warwickshire.
Comra, X. Bengal ; 20 NNW. Moorshedabad.
Comrie, X. Scot, in Perthshire, on the Etne,
over which a bridge is built ; 12 W. Perth.
Comtu, t Berks co. Pa.,i on the Schuylkill,
opposite Reading. Pop. 2,017.
Co-mum, now Como. •
Conacon Alfae, t. Italy, in the Veronese ; 10
N. Verona.
Canamand, r. S. A., in Surinam, which runs
into the Atlantic, Lat. 5. 45. N.
Conanore, X. Hind., in Marawar; 25 NNW.
Ramanadporum. Conaquenesing, see Conequenessing.
Conara, t.Hindi,m CicAcole ; 28>SW. Cicacole.
Conatoor, X. Carnatic ; 5 SSE. Gikigee.
Gonawdng®, see Goneuiango.
Conawingo, p-v. Ccecil co. Md., W. 88.
Conca, X. Corsica ; 12 N. Porto Vecchio.
Coned, r. Raly, which runs into the Adriatic,
x 7 SE. Rimini.
Conco„t New-Grenada, in St. Martha; 5 E.
St Martha.
Concan, country, Asia, situated On W. coast
of the; Peninsula of India, between Bombay and
Goa, separated from the rest of the continent
by a ridge of mountains called the Gouts .- ft
was anciently called Lymirica, .and once form
ed a part of the kingdom of Visiapour. The
principal towns are Choirl, Bancout, DabUl,
SeverndrOog, Gheria, Tarflana, and Sunderdoo.
Concarneau, s-p. France, in Finisterre ; 10
SSE. Quimper. Lon. 3. 50. W. Lat. 47. 52. N
Pop1. 1,352.
Conceigaon, t. Brazil, in Para1; 45 N. Para.
Conceigaon; t. Brazil; 50 SW. Rio Janeiro1.
Concelho de Anciaens, X. Portugal, in Tra4os-
Montes ; 8 WNW. Mirandela.
Concelho de Castanheira, X. Portugal, in Tra-
lOs-Montes ; 78 NW. Terre de Moncorvo.
Concelho de Jales, X. Portugal, in Tra-los-
Montes ; 10 WSW. Mirandela.
Concellana, t. Naples, in the Basilicata; 5S.
Acerenza. Concentayna,X. Spain, in Valencia; 25 N.Ali-
cant Pop. 5,000.
Concepgao, t. Brazil, in Rio Grande ; 80 N.
Villa Rica.
Conception, r. America, in the isthmus of Da
rien, which runs into the Spanish Main, L6n,
78. 15. W. Lat 9. 4. N.
Conception, (La,) or Fe«co,city fa s-p. Chili,

on the fcoAst of the S. Pacific Ocean, cap. of a
jurisdiction ; formerly the capital of Chili. LOn.
73'. 55. W. Lat 36. 49, S. Pop. 13,000. The
bay of Conception is one of the most commo
dious harbour's found in any part of the world.
The city is of great extent, because the houses
are built only one story high, that they may be
the better able to resist the earthquakes thai
happen every year. It is the residence of the
bishop, and of the major-general, who is at the
head ofthe military department — There is hot
in the universe a soil more fertile, than that of
this part of Chili. Grain yields sixty for one ;
trie vineyards are equally productive ; and the
plains are covered with innumerable flocks,
which multiply beyond conception, though
abandoned entirely to themselves. All the in
habitants have to do is to set up fences round
their respective possessions, artel to leave the
oxen, horses, mules, and sheep in, the enclo
sures. The common price of a fat ox is $8 ;
thataf a sheep j. of a dollair ; but there are few
purchasers, and the natives are accustomed
, every yTeav to kill a great number of oxen, of
which the hides and tallow are alone preserved,
and sent to L^na. There is no particular dis
ease incident to this country. There are at
Conception several persons, who have com
pleted a century.
Conception, t. Paraguay ; 20 SE. Assumption.
Conception, t. Paraguay. Lon. 57. 16. W.
Lat. 23.23. S. Pop. 1,550.
Conception, (La,)_ s-p. Guatipala; in Veragua,
on the Spanish Main, with a harbour formed
by the river Veragiia ; 90 W. Panama. Lon. 81.
28. W. Lat. 8. 52, N.
Conception, X. S. A., in Popayan, on the Meta ;
25 NE. St. Juan de los Llanos.
Conception, or Nueslra Senora de la Concep
tion, or Tamarcca,X. Brazil, capital of the isl.
of Tamaraca, on south side of it ; 14 N. Olinda.
Lon. 35. 6. W. Lat. 3. 0. S. It formerly con
tained 200 houses, but is now in a state of de
cay. Conception, X. New Mexico, in Cinaloa ; 75
NE. Cinaloa.
Conception, X. S. A., in Chiquitos; 150 ENE.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra la Nueva.
Conception, see Alamagan.
Conception, X. New Mexico; 70 S. Santa Fe.
Conception, X. New Navarre; 185 SSW. Casa.
Grande. Conception, X. New Mexico ; 45 E. Sumas.
Conception Bay, bay on east coast of New
foundland. Lon. 52. 40. W. Lat. 47. 40. N.
Conception de Poo, t. S. A., in Cumana ; 92
S. by W. Barcelona, 152 SE. Caraccas. Lon.
60. 10. W. Lat. 8. 43. N. Pop. 2,300. It is a
small town, situated in the most fertile part of
the province.
Conception de Salava, (La,) X. Mexicd, in Me-
| choacan. Conception de la Vega, (La,) t. St. Domingo,
in NE. part ofthe island ; 38, E. Daxabon ; bp.
see ; founded by one of the family of Colum
bus. It contains several parish churches and
convents. Conception Point, Oape on W. coast of the
island of Paraguay. Lon. 117. 21. E. Lat 8.
21. N.

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428

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Conoeze, X. France, Correze; 28 NW. Brive.
Concha, X. Peru, in Cusco.; 50 S. Cusco.
Concha, X. S. A., in Tucuman ~ 88 N. St. Mi
guel de Tucuman.
Conchaehitou, X. Mississippi, on the Pascagou-
la. Lon. 86. 43. W. Lat. 32. 15. N.
Conchanagur, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 22 S. Is
lamabad. Conchas, rocks in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Africa, a little N. of the isl. of St. Thomas.
Conchas, X. Buenos Ayres, on the La Plata.
Conchas, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 5. 6. S. .
Conches, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 18
NNE. Pau.
Conches, X. France, in Eure ; 9 SW. Evreux.
Pop. 2,259.
Conchon, X. Bengal ; 35 S. Mauldah.
Conchas, r. Mexico, which runs N. into the
del Norte, Lat. 31. N. ; 300 miles long.
Conchas, see Rio Solatia.
Conchote, X. Bengal ; 11 E. Burdwan. I-jn.
8S. 10. E. Lat. 23. 15. N.
Conchucos, jurisdiction, Peru, in Me arch
bishopric of Lima.
Concleh, X. Cyprus ; 6 E. Baffa,
Concobar, now Kenghevar.
Concobella, X. Africa, in Anzi&o, and residence
of a prince subject to Micocco. Lon. 18.
39. E. Lat. 2. 55. S. It is situated on the north
bank of the Congo, about 20 miles above the
cataracts, and is a considerable town.
Concolin, X. France, in Isere ; 13 NE. Gre
noble. Concord, p-t. Essex co. Vt, on the Connecti
cut; 38 ENE. Montpelier, W. 544. Pop. 806.
Concord, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H., on both
sides of the Merrimack ; 52 SE. Dartmouth
College, 45 WNW. Portsmouth, 63 NNW. Bos
ton, 100 WSW. Portland, W. 505. Lon. 71. 29.
W. Lat. 43. 12. N. Pop. in 1810, 2,391 ; in
1820, 2,838. This town is the seat of the state
government. The principal village is pleasantly
situated on W. side of the river, chiefly built
on one street, nearly 2 miles long. It contains
a state house, a state prison, both of stone, a
court house, a Congregational meeting house, 2
banks, 3 printing offices, and about 200 dwel
ling houses. The state house, erected in 1817,
is a large and very elegant edifice, and cost
#60,232. Three weekly newspapers are pub
lished in this town.
Much of the trade of the upper countiy cen
tres here ; and the importance of the town is
increased by the boat navigation, which is
opened between this place and Boston, by
means of the Merrimack river, and Middlesex
canal. There are 2 bridges in Concord across
the Merrimack ; one in the north part, the
other connecting the town with Pembroke. In
NE. part of the township, there is a village of
about 30 houses.
Concord, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 17 NE. Ha
verhill, W. 550. Pop. 1,126.
Concord, (Indian name, Musquetequid,) p-t.
Middlesex co. Mass., on Concord river.; 16
WNW. Boston, 30 ENE. Worcester, W. 456.
Pop. in 1810, 1,633 ;in 1820, 1,788. This is a
Tileasaot town, and contains a court house, a
jail, a Congregational meeting-house, and a

printing office, and has some trade. Here are
3 bridges across Concord river. The courts
for the county are held alternately here end at
Cambridge. — In this town, the provintftd con
gress met, in 1774, and here was mpJe the first
resistance to the British, on the lflh of April
1775, Concord, r, Massi, formed *y two branches,
which unite near the centre^ Concord, whence
it flows NE., and N. thrpfgh Bedford and Bit-
lerica, and joins the M^rimack, at Tewksbury.
It is remarkable for «e gentleness of its cur
rent. Middlesex /a"181 is supplied with water
from this river.
Concord, t/Oelaware co. Pa.; 21 SW. Phil
adelphia.. <fop. 1,032. It is watered by the W.
brancb^of Chester creek, and contains 3 mer-
chanfmills, 2 paper mills, and 2 churches.
/Concord, t. Niagara co. N. Y. ; 26 S. Buffalo.
Pop. 2,786.
Concord, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. ; 52 Albany,
W. 413. Pop. 571.
Concord, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. ; 72 Harris-
burg, W. 124. ,
Concord, p-t. Sussex co. Delaware, on Deep
creek, which makes up from the Nanticoke ; 5
Seaford, 6 N. Laurel Town, 12 SW. George
town, W. 143. H. 20. Several schooners be
long here, by which a trade is carried on,
chiefly with Baltimore. Good bog iron ore
and some mineral springs are found in the
neighbourhood. Concord, X. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 53.
Concord, X. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 507.
Concord, p-v. Campbell co. Va. ; 118 Rich
mond, W. 220.
Concord, p-t. fa cap. Cabarras co. N. C, on
Rocky river; 20 SW. Salisbury, W. 398.
Concord, X. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 591.
Concord, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 209.
Concord, X. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 347.
Concord, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop, 2,234.
Concord, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,035.
Concordia, or Vidaha, p-t. in the parish of
Concordia, Louisiana, on the Mississippi,.oppo-
site to Natchez; W. 1,284. It is the seat of
justice, though only a small village.
Concordia, district, Louisiana, on W. side of
the Mississippi, N. Red river. Pop. 2,626.
Concordia, X. Italy, in Mirandola, on the Se-
chia ; 5 W. Mirandola.
Concordia, X. Friuli ; 24 SSW. Udina, 30 E.
Trevigio. Lon. 12. 50. E. Lat. 46. 45. N. It is
in ruins, having been laid waste by the soldiers
of Attila, and never recovered.
Concordia, X. Timor, and residence of a Dutch
governor. Concoures, X. France, in Aveiron ; 7 NNE.
Rhodez. Concots', X. France, in Lot ; 9 ESE. Cahors.
Pop. 930.
. Concressaut, or Concorsaut, X. France, in Cher,
on the Saudre, almost ruined by the civil wars ;
35 N. Bourges. Pop. 453.
Concul, t. Hind., in Sehaurunpour ; 7 S.
Hurdwar. Condala, X. Hind., Tellingana ; 9 S. Byarem.
Condalavery, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 20 E.
Koudour. Condally, t. Hind., Berar ; 27 W. Nagpour.

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429

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Condom, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 15. 18. S.
Condanore, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 24 E. Ado
ni, 120 SSW. Hydrabad. Lon. 77. 43. E. Lat.
1'5. 35. N.
Condapilly, X. Hind., Si cap. of a circar of the
same name, situated near the bay of Bengal ;
80 ESE. Rajamundry, 108 SE. Hydrabad. Lon.
80. 30. E. Lat 11. 37. N.
Condapilly, circar, Hind., bounded NE. by
Ellore, SE. by the bay of Bengal, SW. by the
river Kistnah, which divides it from Guntoor,
and NW. by Golconda ; 60 m. long, 25 broad.
Condapilly is the capital.
Condapour, i. Hind., in Golconda ; 17 S. Hy
drabad. Condaramarla, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 15 N.
Guniipollam. Condo(, t. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 22 SE.
Clermont. Condatchy, X. Ceylon, on a bay to which it
gives name. Lon. 80. E. Lat. 8. 45. N. In this
town is carried on an extensive pearl fishery.
Condal-en-Ferrieres, X. France, in Cantal ; 10
N. Murat Pop. 1,460.
Condole, now .Rennes, and Norlhwich.
Condavir, X. Hind., in the circar of Guntoor,
situated on a mountain ; 25 SW. Condapilly, 26
W. Guntoor. Lon. 80. 19. E. Lat. 16. 22. N.
Gonde, X. France, in North, situated at the
conflux of the Haisne and the Scheldt ; 6 NNE.
Valenciennes, 13 W. Mons. Lon. 3. 39. E. Lat.
50. 27. N. Pop. 5,978. It is a strong town, and
has a castle, which gives the title of prince to
a branch of the royal family.
Condi, X. France, in Aisne ; 7 SE. Chateau-
Thierry. Condi, t Africa, in Foulis, on the Senegal ;
30 S. Goumel.
Condi, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 4. 52. N.
Condi sur Noireou, X. France, in Calvados ;
12 E. Vire, 17 W. Falaise. Pop 3,030.
Condi sur Hon, or Condi VEveque, X. France,
in Eure ; 12 SW. Evreux.
Condi Quoja, or Upper Quoja, country, Af
rica, NE. of Quoja.
Condeau, t. France, in Orne ; 10 E. Bellesme.
Fop. 852.
Condel, t. Hind., in Soonda ; 24 SE. Goa.
Condeligourki, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 10 E.
Chinna Balabaram.
Condemundago, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 21 S.
Canoul. Condeon, X. France, in Lower Charente ; 25
SE. Saintes. Pop. 1,400.
Conder, r. Eng., in Lancashire, which runs
into the Irish sea, 3 S. Lancaster.
Condercum, now Benwell.
Conderilla, see Madeira River.
Conderputty, t. Mysore ; 16 N. Sirpy.
Condesuyos d' Arequipa, X. Peru, & cap. of a
jurisdiction ; 70 NW. Arequipa. Lon. 73. 10. W.
Lat. 16. 12. S. Here is gathered a species of
wild cochineal, which forms the principal arti
cle of the trade of the province.
Condetta, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 4 S.
Boulogne. Condiolax, X. Finland ; 60 NNE. Nyslot
Condolory, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 30 SE.
Tooliapour.

Condom, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Gers; 18 SSW. Agen, 21 NNW.
Auch. Lon. 0.22. E. Lat. 43. 58. N. Pop.6,917.
Before the revolution, it was the see of a bishop.
It is neither rich nor commercial.
Condomois, before the revolution, a country
of France, of which Condom was the capital.
Condor de Apaeheta, X. La Paz ; 80 N. Potosi.
Condore, or Pulo Condore, isl. in the E. Indian
sea, 60 miles from Cochin-china. Pulo Condore
is high and mountainous, and surrounded by
several smaller islands, some of which are less
than one, and others two miles distant. It
takes its name from two Malay words, Pulo,
an island, and Condore, a calabash ; of which it
produces great quantities. It is of the form of
a crescent, extending near 8 miles from the
southernmost point in a NE. direction ; but its
breadth no where exceeds 2 miles. Lon. 106.
25. E. Lat. 8. 40. N.
Condorilla, X. Peru ; 25 N. La Plata.
Condoroma, t. Peru, in Arequipa; 60 SE.
Arequipa. Candour, X. Carnatic ; 4 N. Tanjore.
Candour, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 15 S. Gooty.
Condoyowah, X. Birmah, on the Irawaddy;
25 SW. Ava.
Condoyowah, X. Birmah, on the left bank of
the Irawaddy; 30 W. Ava.
Condoz, X. Grand Bukharia ; 60 NW. Ande-
rab. Lon. 67. 22. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Condrapalty, X. Hind., in the circar of Raja-
mundy ; 18 SE. Rajamundy.
Condrieux, t.France, situated on the Rhone;
celebrated for its wine, produced from vines
originally brought from Dalmatia by the empe
ror Probus ; IS below Lyons. Pop. 4,350.
Condumeni, X. Africa, in Nalus. Lon. 13. 21.
W. Lat. 10. 2. N.
Condyeura, X. Bengal ; 54 NE. Pucculoe.
Conecocheague, see Conococheague.
Conecuh, r. which rises in Alabama, and runs
through West Florida into Pensacola bay. It
is navagable upwards of 100 miles.
Conecuh, co. Alabama. Pop. 5,713.
Conedogwinit Creek, r. Pennsylvania, which
runs E. into the Susquehanna, a little above
Harrisburg. Conejerah, small isl. in the Mediterranean, N.
of Cabrara. Lon. 2. 24. E. Lat. 39. 11. N.
Conemaugh, r. Pa., which rises from the Al
leghany mountains, and runs WNW. into the
Alleghany under the name of Kiskemanetas ;
29 NNE. Pittsburg.
Conemaugh, X. Somerset co. Pa. Pop 378. ]
Conemaugh,X. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,555.
Conemaugh, p-t. Cambria co. Pa. ; 22 SSW.
Ebensburg, 26 NNE. Somerset, W. 216. Pop.
ofthe village, 116; township, 807.
Conequenessing, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 977.
It is watered by a creek of the same name,
which flows into Beaver creek.
Conersreit, X. Bav.; 34 NNE. Amberg.
Conersreit, (Unter,) X. Bav.; 4NW.Bayreuth.
Conestago, r. Lancaster co. Pa., which runs
SW.'into the Susquehanna, about 15 miles be
low Columbia.
Conestago, X. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,805.
Conewago, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 945.
Conewago Creek, r. Pa., which runs WSW.

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430

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into the Susquehanna, 4 or 5 miles below the
Swatara. Conewago, r. York co. Pa., which runs ENE.
into the Susquehanna nearly opposite the river
of the same name on E. side.
Conewango, X. Warren co. Pa. Pop. 892.
Conewango, r. which rises in N.Y., one branch
coming from Chatauque lake, and another from
Casada lake. It flows into the Alleghany, at
Warren, Pa. The two branches are navigable
for boats to the lakes whence they rise.
Canfida, see Ghvmfade.
Conflans, X. Savoy, near the conflux of the
Isere faDoron ; 18 E. Chambery. Pop. 1,313.
Conflmis, t. France, in Upper-Sa6ne ; 7 W.
fcuxeuil, 12 N. Vesoul. Pop. 746.
Cowflans, ot Con fta nl, before the revolution,
a valley of France, in Rouissilon, surrounded
by the Pyrenees, and watered by the river
Tet. Villefranche sur le Tet was the capital.
Conflans, St. Honerine, X. France, in Seine-
anoVOise ; 15 SW. Paris. Pop. 1,900.
Conftuentia, now Coblentz.
Confolent, or Confalens, X. France, and prin
cipal place of a district, in Charente, on the
Vienne ; 31 NE. Angoulesme, 36 SSW. Poitiers.
Lon. 0. 45. E. Lat. 46. 2. N. " Pop. 2,045.
Cbnfartinb, t Italy ; 4 N. Ferrara.
Cong, t China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan ;
15 S. Hoai-king.
Cong, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchujen ; 25 S. Soui-tcheou.
Cong, v. Ireland, in Mayo, formerly a town
«f note, and residence of the kings of Con-
naught; 16 W. Tuam. The ruins of several
churehesand; religious houses are yet visible.
Conga, %. Persia, in Irak ; 100 NW. Ispahan.
-CaiugaUorX. Peru, in Guamanga; 18 E. Gua
manga. Coiigapaukoo, t. Hind., in Tellingana; 10 SE.
Warangole. Congar, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 25 SSE.
Renaponr. Congaree, r. S. C, formed by the Saluda and
Broad rivers, which unite at Columbia: After
a course of 30 miles it unites with Wateree to
form the Santee.
Congayempaleam, X. Hind., in Coimbetore j
25 W. Caitoor.
Congeoal, X. in Condapilly; 20 Masulipatam.
Conglaton, X. Eng., in Cheshire, on the river
Bane, with considerable silk and cotton manu
factures ; 10 SW. Macclesfield, 194 NW. Lon
don. Lon. 2. 22. W. Lat. 53. 13. N. Pop.
4,(516. It has a market on Saturday.
Cong-mou-ing, X. China, in Se-tchucn; 42 NW.
Hoe-li. . Congo,. or Kongo, km. Africa, bounded N. by
Loango and Anziko, from which it is separated
by theiriver Zaire or Congo, S. by Angola, and
W. by the Atlantic. It extends several hundred'
miles into the interior, but the eastern limits
are uncertain, and are said to be composed of
lofty and rugged mountains. The climate is
hot in summer, the winters are mild as the
finest springs of Italy. Snow never falls, un
less upon the highest mountains ; ice is un
known ; the days and nights are nearly equal.
In the winter very heavy rains sometimes
fall, so as to inundate the countrv. The soil

is good, and generally produces two crops in a
year. This countiy was first discovered by the
Portuguese in 1487, who sent missionaries and
established forts and factories. They represent
ed the country as very populous ; but captain
Tuckey and his companions in their late expe
dition up the Zaire, saw no evidence of the
great population which the Portuguese had de
scribed. The largest towns on the Zaire were
Coolo, with 100 huts, Embomma with 60, and
Inga with 70 huts. The natives are described
as good humoured, lively, and hospitable. They
practise polygamy, have a rude kind of agricul
ture, and their huts and household furniture are
very simple. The countiy produces maize,
cassava, sweet potatoes, pulse, cabbages, spin-
ash, pepper, capsicum, sugar-cane, tobacco,
banana, oranges, limes, pine-apples, and papawi
It abounds in wild animals. The principal
town of the Portuguese is St. Salvador. The
principal rivers are the Zaire, or Congo, Dan-
do, Coanza, Vambra, and Barbela. Lon. 14. to
21. E. Lat. 3.to 8.30. S.
Congo, see Zaire.
Congo, r. America, which rises in the isth
mus of Panama, and runs into the bay of Pa
nama. Congo, see Kunk.
CongeJlatta, X. Congo-. Lat. 5. 10. S.
Congo Lima, small isl. of Japan, in the strait
between Niphon and Xicoco.
Congoma, r. Peru, which runs into the Paci
fic ocean, Lat. 0. 35. S.
Congon, or Congoon, or Konkun, s-p. Persia,
in Farsistan, on S. side of a large river, which
runs into the Persian gulf; 110 S. Schiras. Lon.
52. 5. E. Lat. 27. 52. N. Pop. 6, or 7,000. It is
a place of some trade, and a market for pearls
brought from the Bahrein islands, and horses for
exportation to India.
Congong, X. Meckley ; 60 W. Munypour.
Congondy, t. Mysore ; 5 ESE. Bodicotta.
Congonhaz, I. Brazil, in Minas Geraes; 27
W. Villa Rica.
Congoralink, X. Grand Bukharia ; 36 NE.
Badashkan. Congorlan, X. Persia, in Irak; 75 NNE. Ha
ni adan. Congrehoi, small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Mexico. Lon, 88. 32. W.
Lat 18. 18. N.
Congreiro, r. Honduras, whieh runs into the
bay, Lon. 87. 30. W. Lat. 15; 40. N.
Congress, X. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 250.
Congrier en Pouanoe, X. France, in Mayenne ;
20 SW. Laval. Pop. 1,100.
Congshohn, one of the islands on which
Stockholm is built.
Cong-tchin, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-si ; 20 NE. Ping-lo.
Cong-tchvuha, X. Thibet ; 45 S. Tchontori.
Conguntla, X. Hind., Mysore ; 20 E. Balhary.
Conliocton, or Cohocton, p-t. Steuben co. N.Y.,
near the head waters ofthe Conhocton ; 20 NW.
Bath, 33 SSW. Conandaigua, 40 SW. Geneva
Pop. 1,560.
Conliocton, r. N. Y., which rises in S. part of
Ontario co., and joins the Tioga, near Painted
Post. It is navigable for' boats to Bath. Length,
70 miles.

CQN

431

CON

Coni, or Cuneo, X. Piedmont, capital of a ter
ritory of the same name, at the confluence of
the Stura and Gezzo ; 31 S. Turin. Lon. 7. 40.
E. Lat. 44. 22. N. Pop. 16,500. Bp. see. It
is a very strong town, almost impregnable, and
contains several churches and convents. The
surrounding country, which is watered by 4 su
perb canals, produces grain of all kinds in abun
dance. Conicasi, t. New-Mexico, in Mayo ; 56 NE.
Santa Cruz.
Conjeuh, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 35 E. Calcutta.
Conjepaleam, X. Hind., in Coimbetore; 19
NNE. Coimbetore.
Conjeveram, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 20 E.
Arcot. Lon. 79. 60. E. Lat. 12. 52. N. The
streets are wide, and cross each other at right
angles; the 'houses have mud walls, and are
rOofed with tiles, and the town has a flourishing
appearance. Here is a great pagoda.
ConigKone, t. Sicily, in the valley of Mazara;
16 SW. Pelermo. Pop. 7,232.
Conijedlah, X. Hind., in Ellore; 15 N. Ellore.
Conjimere, X. Hind., in the Carnatic, on the
coast of Coromandel, where the English had
once a factory ; 12 N. Pondicherry.
Coni!, X. Spain, in Andalusia, on the coast of
the Atlantic, in a bay to which it gives name ;
18 SSE. Cadiz. Lon. 6. 9. W. Lat. 36. 16. N.
Fop. 3,000. The inhabitants are much engaged
in fishing, especially for tunnies, which former
ly brought in 80,000 ducats yearly, but has of
late years much fallen off.
€onil,X. Mexico, in Yucatan ; 110 NE. Merida.
Conim, or Konin, X. Poland, in Kalisch ; 18
SSE. Gnesna.
Coningburg, X. Mainland, the principal of the
Shetland islands ; 5 S Kirkwall.
Conisberg, or Kongsberg, or Konsberg, X. Nor
way, in Aggerhuus, situated in the midst of
mountains, in which are some mines of silver ;
36 SW. Christiana. Lon. 9. 45. E. Lat. 59. 37.
N. Pop. in 1801, 6,810. H. 1,500. The mines
were formerly lucrative, but are now unproduc
tive. Here is a royal mint and a school for
teaching metallurgy. (
Conisbrough, v. Eng., in Yorkshire; 5 SW.
Doncaster ; formerly a city of note, and by the
Britons called Coer Conan. Here are the re
mains of an ancient castle. Pop. 1,047.
Coniston Water, lake, Eng., in Lancashire,
which empties itself into the river Leven, 9 S.
Hawkshead. Conitz, or Choinitz, X. Prussia, in Dantzic ;
40 S. Dantzic. Pop. 2,500.
Coniwaugh, X. Pegu ; 25 SSW. Pegu.
Conka, X. Carnatic ; 18 N. Nellore.
Conkair, X. Hind., in Gundwana ; 90 S. by W.
Ruttunpour. Lon. 82. 15. E. Lat 20. 48. N.
Conkere, post of Chinese Tartary. Lon. 101.
48. E. Lat. 44. 50. N.
Conleysville, p-v. Ashe co. N. C. ; 199 Raleigh,
W.334. Conlie, X. France, in Sarte; lONW.LeMans.
Pop. 1,405.
Conliege, X. France, in Jura ; 2 SE. Lons le
Saunier. Conlolongi, t. Borneo; 120 N. BanjarMasslm.
Conna, now Ras.
Connagooda, x. Hind,, in Marawar'; 6 E.
Tripatore,

Connanicut, or Canonicut, isl.it. I., in Narra-
gansett bay, on the west side of the island of
Rhode island ; 8 miles long, about 1 in average
breadth. It is a beautiful island, of a fertile soil,
producing good crops of grass and grain. It
contains the town of Jamestown.— On the south
end, at a place called Beavev Tail, there is a
light-house. Con/naught, one of the four provinces of Ire
land, bounded N. by the Atlantic ocean, E. by
the counties of Fermanagh, Cavan, Longford)
Westmeath, and King's county ; S. by (the coun
ty of Clare and the sea ; and W. by the sea. ft
contains 5 counties, viz. Galway,'Leitrim,Mayo,
Roscommon, and Sligo, which include 296 par
ishes, 4,108 square miles, 95,821 houses; one
archbishopric, and 5 bishoprics.
Connaux, X. France, in Gard ; 9 NE. Uses.
Conneaut, r. Ohio, which runs N. into lake>
Erie, near the line between Ohio and Pennsyl
vania. Conneaut, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio ; 220 Colum
bus, W. 383. .
Conneaut, X. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 631.
Conneauttee, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 438.
CONNECTICUT, one of the United States,
bounded N. by Massachusetts, E. by Rhode
Island, S. by Long Island sound, and W. by
New York. Lon. 71. 20. to 73. 15. W. Lat. 41,
to 42. 2. N. ; 88 m. long, and about 53 in average
breadth. Sq. m. 4,664. Pop. in 1756, 130*6*1;
in 1774, 197,365; in 1782, 209,150; in 1790r
237,946; in 1800, 251,002; in 1810, 261,942;
in 1820, 275,248 ; white males 130,807 ; white
females 136,374 ; free coloured persons 7,870 ;
slaves 97. Persons engaged in agriculture
50,518 ; in manufactures, 17,541 ; in com
merce 3,581. Militia in 1821, 22,100.
TOTOGRAPHICAL TABLE.
1820.
Counties. Towns. Pop. Chief Towns.
Fairfield  18  .42,739  \ Fairfield
( Danbury
Hartford  18  47,264  Hahtjpokd
Litchfield  22  .41,267  Litchfield
Middlesex  7  23,405  Middietown
New Haven....l7  39,616  N. Haven
New London 15  35,943  j Norwich"1
Tolland  10  14,330  Tolland
Windham  15  31,684  Windham

122 275,248
Towns. Hartford and New Haven are the
seats of the state government. The legislature
meets at Hartford in the spring, and at New
Haven in the autumn. There are 5 incorporate
ed cities, Hartford,- New Haven, Middietown,
New London, and Norwich ; and 3 boroughs',
Bridgeport, Stonington and Guilford. Litchfield,
Fairfield,Danbury, Windham, Wethersfield,Far-
mington, Windsor, East Windsor, Suffield, En
field, Haddam, Derby, Stratford, Milford, Stam
ford, and several others, are considerable' and
pleasant towns.
Education. There is a college at New Haven
and there are 6 incorporated and 26 unincor
porated academies. Those at Cheshire1 and
Colchester are the principal. There is an asy
lum for the education ofthe deaf and dumb, at

CON

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Hartford, and a school -for the education of
heathen youth at Cornwall. Good schools are
common throughout the state. The state has a
fund, which in 1821, amounted to #1,858,094,
the interest of which is appropriated to the sup
port of schools. In no part of the world are the
common and useful branches of education more
generally understood. The inhabitants are dis
tinguished for their habits of industry and so
briety. Government. The present constitution was
framed in 1818. The legislature, styled the gen
eral assembly, is composed of a seriate of 12
members, and "a house of representatives ; 80
towns sending each 2 representatives, the other
towns, founded since the charter of Charles II,
in 1662, send 1 each. The governor, lieutenant
governor, senators, and representatives are all
chosen annually in April. The general assem
bly has one stated session, in each year, on the
1st Wednesday in May, alternately at Hartford
and New Haven. Judges of the supreme and
superior courts hold their offices during good
behaviour, but become disqualified at the age
of 70. — No person is compelled to join, or sup
port, or to be classed/with, or associated to
any congregation, church, or religious associa
tion. But every person may be compelled to
pay his proportion of the expenses of the socie
ty to which he may belong, but he may sepa
rate himself from the society by leaving a writ
ten notice of his wish with the clerk of such
society. Religion. The number of religious societies
ofthe several denominations, in 1819, was stat-
as follows ; Congregationalists 210, Baptists 89,
Episcopalians 74, Methodists 53, Separatists 7,
Quakers 7, Universalists 2, Sandemanians 2,
Shakers 1. .
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Connec
ticut, Housatonic, Thames, Farmington, and
Naugatuck.— The principal harbours are those
of New London and New Haven.
Face of the country. The face of the country
is/ greatly diversified by mountains, hills, and
valleys. There are but few level tracts, nor any
considerable mountains. The greatest eleva
tion is a range of small mountains on the west
side of Connecticut river, being a continuation
of the Green mountains. The hills are generally
of moderate size, and occur in quick succes
sion, presenting to the traveller an ever vary
ing prospect.
Soil. The soil is generally rich and fertile,
though intermixed with portions that are com
paratively thin and barren ; and the whole is
well watered. It is generally in a state of good
cultivation, resembling, in many parts, a well
cultivated garden.
Productions. The principal productions are
Indian corn, rye, wheat in many parts, oats,
barley, buck wheat, flax in large quantities,
some bemp, potatoes, pumpkins, turnips, pease,
beans, 8ic. Orchards are very numerous, and
cider is made for exportation. The state is,
however, generally better adapted to grazing
than to tillage ; and its fine meadows and pas
tures enable the farmers to feed great numbers
of neat cattle, horses, and sheep. The quantity
of butter and cheese made annually, is great,

and of well known excellence. Beef and pork
of superior quality, are also abundant. The state
is generally laid out in small farms, from 60 to
300 and 400 acres. It is intersected by numer
ous roads, which are generally kept in a good
state of repair.
Climate. Though exposed to the extremes of
heat 'and cold, and to sudden changes of tem
perature, the country is very healthful. The
northwest winds, which prevail during the win
ter, are keen, but the serenity of the sky dur
ing the same season, makes amends, in some
degree, for the severity of the weather. In the
maritime towns, the weather is particularly va
riable, changing as the wind blows from sea or
land ; in the inland country it is less so.
Commerce. The foreign trade of this state is
principally with the West Indies ; but its coast
ing trade is the most considerable. Its exports
consist of beef, pork, cattle, horses, mules, but
ter, cheese, maize, rye, flax-seed, fish, candles,
and soap. The whole amount, in 1816, was
593,806 dollars. Almost all the.produce ofthe
western part of the state is carried to N. York.
Manufactures. The manufacturing industry
of Connecticut is greater in proportion to the
population than that of any other state in the
Union, except Rhode Island. The manufactures
consist of cotton and woollen goods, tin ware,
iron, gin, glass, paper, snuff, powder, leather,
shoes, clocks, buttons, fire arms, carriages, he.
Minerals. Mines of different kinds have been
found in this state, but in general they have
not been wrought to any considerable extent,
with the exception of iron ore, which abounds
in Salisbury and Kent, of an excellent quality,
and is also found in other places. There is a
lead mine on the Connecticut, 2 miles from
Middietown, which was wrought during the
revolutionary war. Copper mines have been
discovered and opened in several places, but
having proved unprofitable, they have been neg
lected. Marble isibund in Washington, Milford,
Brookfield, and New Milford ; porcelain clay
in New Milford and Cornwall ; black lead in
New Milford and Marlborough ; cobalt in Chat
ham ; and excellent free stone in Chatham,
Haddam, and East Hartford. There are several
mineral springs, but none of much note, except
those of Stafford and Suffield. The one at Staf
ford is the most celebrated in New England.
Connecticut, the great river of New England.
It has its source on the N. border of N. H., and
separates N. Hampshire from Vermont, passes
through Massachusetts and Connecticut, and
flows into Long- Island sound between Say-
brook and Lime. Its general course is S. by
W. till it reaches Middietown, Ct. ; afterwhich
it has a SSE. course to its mouth. Its whole
length is 410 miles. It is navigable for vessels
drawing 10 feet of water to Middietown, 36
miles, for those drawing 8 feet to Hartford, 50
miles ; and by means of locks and canals, it
has been rendered navigable to the Fifteen
Mile Falls, Bath, N. H., 250 miles above Hart
ford. The boats which navigate the river carry
from 12 to 20 tons in descending, and about
two thirds as much in returning.
The falls on this river which have been rem
edied by artificial means, are at Enfield, Ct,

CON

433

CON

the Willemantic falls, at South Hadley, Monta
gue, Walpole, Plainneld, and Lebanon. Of these,
Bellows falls, at Walpole, are the most remark
able. The perpendicular fall in the river which
has been overcome, by means of locks and dams,
between Springfield, Mass., and Hanover, N. H.,
a distance of 130 miles, is 200 feet
The Connecticut flows through a fine coun
try. The land bordering upon it is generally
of an excellent quality, and there are upon its
banks many beautiful and flourishing towns ;
among which are Haverhill, Hanover, Charles
town, and Walpole, N. H. ; Newbury, Windsor,
and Brattleborough, Vt. ; Greenfield, Hadley,
Northampton, and Springfield, Mass. ; Hart
ford, and Middietown, &c. Ct.
Connecticut, lake, in N. part of N. H. It is
the source of the principal branch of the river
Connecticut ; 5} miles long, and 2£ broad. Lat.
45. 2. N.
Connedicut Resene, or New Connecticut, the
northeast part of the state of Ohio. The extent
is 120 miles from E'. to W., and 52 from N. to
S. It contains 4,000,000 acres ; comprises 7
counties, Ashtabula, Trumbull, Portage, Geau
ga, Cuyahoga, Medina, and Huron ; and is set
tled principally by emigrants, from the states
of Massachusetts and Connecticut.
Connellsville, bor. Fayette co. on N. side of
the Youghiogany ; 267 W. Philadelphia, W. 200.
Fop. 600. It has a pleasant and. elevated situ
ation, and commands a handsome prospect. In
the neighbourhood of the town there are sev
eral merchant mills, furnaces, forges, and many
other mills. The river is navigable to this town.
Conneri, X. France, in Sarte ; 16 ENE. Le
Mans. Pop. 1,272.
Connern, or Coenern, or Konneron, t. Pru., in
Magdeburg ; 33 S. Magdeburg, 24 SW. Dessau.
Lon. 12. 5. E. Lat. 51. 44. N. Pop. 1,767.
Connersville, p-t. h cap. Fayette co. Indiana ;
65 Indianopolis, W. 679.
Conniacombi, t. Carnatic ; 37 S. Tinevelly.
Connie, (La,) r. France, which runs into the
Loire, a little below Ch&teaudun.
Connigurry, X. Hind., Golconda; 9S. Culloor.
Conniott, X. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 285.
Connipour, X. Bengal ; 13 ENE. Mahmudpour.
Connoic Bay, bay, on S. coast of Newfound
land ; 60 E. Cape Ray.
Connon, r. France, so called also Aa, which
runs into the Beuvron, 6 SE. Beuvron.
Connor, r. Jamaica, which runs into the sea,
between Rocky point and Port Morant
Connor, v. Ireland, in Antrim ; bp. see, unit
ed with the see of Down in the year 1554, un
der the archbishop of Armagh ; 6 N. Antrim.
Conococheague, r. Pa., which is formed by
two branches, one of which, the east branch,
rises on N. side of South mountain in Adams
co., the other, the W. branch, rises in N. side of
North mountain, in Franklin co. They unite 3
miles N. of Maryland line, and the river passes
through that state, and falls into the Potomac
at Williamsport,
Conolfingen, t. Switz., Berne ; 7 ESE. Berne.
Conoloway Creek, r. Pennsylvania, which runs
into the Potomac, near Hancock's Town, Md.
Conopoli, X. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia; 10 NE.
Lepanto. Vol. I. 55

Conoslein Ehgers, see Engers.
Conou, X. Persia, in Larislan, on the coast of
the Persian gulf; 66 ESE. Lar.
Conpas, X. New Navarre; 210 SSE. Casa
Grande. Conquel, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of France. Lon. 2. 59. E. Lat. 47. 29. N,
Conques, X. France, in Aveiron ; 18 N. Rho-
dez. Pop. 1,248.
Conques, X. France, in Aude ; 4 NE. Carcas
sonne, 10 ESE. Montolieu. Fop. 1,591.
Conquest, p-t. Cayuga co. N.Y., lately formed
from a part of Cato ; 176 W. Albany, W. 379.
Conquet, (Le,) s-p. France, in Finisterre ; 10
W. Brest. Lon. 12. 54. E. Lat. 48. 22. N. Pop.
1,270. Conradsburg, fortress; Africa, on the Gold
coast, built for the defence of Elmiria.
Conradsreulh, X. Bav., Upper Maine ; 4 S. Hof.
Pop. 700.
Consaburus, now Consuegra.
Consar, X. Persia, in Irak; 80 NW. Ispahan.
Lon. 50. 42. E. Lat. 35. 20. N.
Consarbruck, or Conz, t. Pru. Treves, at the
conflux ofthe Sarre and Moselle ; 3 S. Treves.
Lon. 6. 40.- E. Lat 49. 38. N. Pop. 351.
Consbach, X. Sweden, in South Gothland ; 32
N. Wardberg.
Conselve, X. Italy, in Padua, formerly the
see of a bishop, who was the Italian vicar of
the empire ; 10 S. Padua, 10 N. Rovigo. Lat.
45. 13. N. Pop. 5,700.
Consentia, now Cosenza.
Conserans, or Couserans, before the revolu
tion a country of France, in Gascony, and the
diocess of a bishop, whose residence was at St.
Lisier, the capital. It is bounded on the E. by
Foix, on the S. by Catalonia, and on the N.
and W. by Commingcs.
Conset's Bay, bay on NE. coast of Barbadoes,
N. Conset's Point ; 10 NE. Bridgetown.
Conse('sPoini,capeon NE. coast ofBarbadoes.
Consiglione, X. Sicily, in the valley of Ma
zara ; 19 S. Palermo.
Consorani, now St. Lizier.
Consow, X. Poland, in Sandomirz; 28 SE.
Radom. Constable, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y., on Canada
line ; 14 NW. Malone, 221 NNW. Albany, W.
567. Pop. 637.
Constable, small isl. in the Atlantic, on the
coast of Guiana, at the mouth of Approuak.
Lat. 4. 50. N.
Constadt, or Kunstadt, t. Silesia, in Oels ; 24
NE. Brieg, 38 E. Breslau. Lon. 18. 3. E. Lat.
51.2. N. Pop. 1,113.
Constance, or Kosniiz, city, Baden, situated
on a lake called Boden sea, or the lake of Con
stance, and capital of the See-kreis, or Circle of
the Lake ; 30 ENE. Zurich. Lon. 9. 8. E. Lat
47. 36. N. Pop. 4,503. Bp. see. It contains a
cathedral, 4 parish churches, and a lyceum. It
is very ancient, and was formerly imperial.
From the year 1414 to 1418, was held here a
famous council, which condemned the tenets of
Wicliffe, and sentenced John Huss and Jerome
of Prague to be burned. — Native, Tasius,
Constance, or Boden Sea, (an. Brigantimis )
lake, situated between Ger. and Switz., about
40 miles in length, and where broadest ttboa\

CON

434

CON

12 across, of an oval form ; the river Rhine
passes through it. The fishery, though not so
productive as formerly, is still considerable, and
the trouts of the lake are famous throughout
Germany. — Its banks are fertile, and lined with
pleasant towns and villages. The NW. side of
the lake is divided into two parts by a broad
slip of land ; these divisions are called the lakes
of Zell and Uberlingen, from the two towns of
Radolphzell, or Zell, and Uberlingen. The
Rhine passes only through the lake of Zell.
Constantia, v. Africa, near the Cape of Good
Hope, between Table bay and False bay ; cel
ebrated for its wine, produced from vines, said
to be originally brought from Schiras, in Per
sia. Lon. 18. 30. E. Lat. 34. 0. S.
Constantia, or Rotterdam, p-t. Oswego co. N.
Y., on N. side of Oneida lake ; W. 439. Pop.
767.. Large quantities of iron ore are found here.
Constantia, p-v. Acadia parish, Louisiana; 57
New Orleans, W. 1,315.
Constantia, now Coutances, Tel Kiuran, and
Kustangi. Constantina, X. Spain, in Andalusia ; 42 NNE.
Seville, 50 SW. Cordova.
Constantina, or Costhinah, (an. Cirla,) X. Af
rica, and capital of E. district of Algiers, on the
Rummel ; 160 E. Algiers, 180 W. Tunis. Lon.
6. 24. E. Lat. 36. 25. N. Pop: according to Has
sel 100,000. It was anciently one of the strong
est towns of Numidia; and it is now a strong
town, situated upon a high rock. Here are to
be seen many ruins of the ancient city ; among
which are 20 cisterns and the greatest part of a
triumphal arch.
The province of Constantina extends on the
coast ofthe Mediterranean from the river Boo-
berak to the river Zaine, which separates it
from Tunis. The province of Titterie bounds
it on W., and the Sahara on S. ; about 220
miles being its mean extent from E. to W., and
1 10 from N. to S. Both the N. and S. parts are
mountainous, and in some parts rocky, but it
is generally fertile, and pays a greater revenue
to the state than the other two. It forms a part
of the ancient Mauritania Casariensis and Nu
midia. Constantinople, city, Eu. Turkey, capital of
the Turkish empire, on the west side of the
Thracian Bosphorus or strait of Constantinople,
and on the north side of the sea of Marmora;
1,500 ESE. Paris. Lon. 28. 55. E. Lat. 41. l.N.
Pop. variously estimated ; by Eaton atlessthan
300,000 ; Dalaway 400,000 ; Eden 426,000 ;
Olivier 500,000; Turner, in 1815, 600, or700,000;
Hebesci 1,500,000. Hassel states it at 500,0005
250,000 Turks, 150,000 Greeks, 40,000 Franks,
30,000 Armenians, and 30,000 Jews. Accord
ing to Iuchercau in 1819, by calculation from
•the daily consumption of corn, the population
was computed at about 900,000; and calcula
tions from the annual mortality made it nearly
the same ; 630,000 Turks, 120,000 Greeks,
'70,000 Armenians, 50,000 Jews, 2,000 Franks.
Houses, accordi ng to Hassel, upwards of 80,000 ;
Iuchereau about 100,000.
It was called by the ancients Byzantium ; the
eastern nations call it Constantiniah ; the Turks
Islamboul, or Slamboul. It was built anew by
Constantine, who transferred the seat of the

empire from Rome to this city in 328, and from
him it was named Constantinople. It continued
the seat of the eastern empire till 1453, when
it was taken by the. Turks, and from that time
it has been the metropolis of their dominions.
The harbour is one of the best in the world,
both for security and convenience. It lies on
the north side of the city, has an easy approach
both from the Black sea and the Archipelago,
and is capable of receiving above 1,200 ships.
From the curve it describes, and from the rich
cargoes that were wafted thither, it obtained, at
a remote period, the name of Golden Horn,
which it still retains. Of the ships in the har
bour very few are Turkish; they are French,
Italian, British, Dutch, &.c, exchanging the pro
duce of their respective countries for that of
Turkey, Poland, and Russia. The imports con
sist of tin, cotton goods, groceries, glass, fur
niture, and other manufactures ; exports gold,
money, diamonds, he. The principal manufac
ture exported is a kind of silk stuff, interwo
ven with cotton. Nearly 10,000 looms are em
ployed by Armenians in this manufacture. The
city stands chiefly on a slope, presenting a de
lightful prospect to the approaching spectator.
The 7 eminences on which it is built seem, at
a distance, to rise above each other in beauti
ful succession ; and the prospect is terminated
by a fine green hill in the back ground. Its
form exclusive of the suburbs resembles an un
equal triangle, having the longest side on the
west. It is enclosed on the three sides by walls,.
the most remarkable being the ancient wall of.
Theodosius on the west or land side, 5 miles in
length. The greater part of the suburds are
entirely open. The interior presents a striking
contrast to the exterior beauty of the city ; the
streets being in general narrow, gloomy, slant
ing, and dirty ; the private houses iow, and built
of slight wood work or earth. It contains 14
imperial mosques, 200 common ones, 300 mess-
gids, 500 fountains, 23 Greek churches, 9 Cath
olic, 3 Armenian ; also a Russian, and a Swe.
dish Lutheran church ; 35 public libraries, in
some of which are 15,000 volumes. The small
mosques and messgids are distinguished from
the private houses only by their minarets. The
large mosques are ornamented with columns
taken from the ruined temples of Greece. The
oldest and most remarkable mosque is that of
St. Sophia, originally built for a church by Con
stantine, and rebuilt by Justinian. It is 269
feet long, and 243 broad, and has 4 minarets.
The seraglio with its gardens, occupies one
of the 7 hills ; the one on which ancient By
zantium was built. It consists of avast assem
blage of buildings inhabited by the sultan and
his court' and the officers of government. The
part occupied by the women is called the ha
rem. The seraglio like the city appears much
finer at a distance, than on a near approach.
The entrance of the first court is very wide, and
lofty, and is called Baba-hoomajin, or Sublime
Porte. At a distance of about 1,000 paces from
the outer gate, is the entrance of the second,
called the Baba-Salem, or gate of Health. The
gate of the third court, called the Baba-Saadi,
or gate Happiness, opens into the apartments
of the women. Into this court none but-Ma-

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hometans attached to the palace, are permitted
to enter. In these abodes of magnificence and
misery, are immured upwards of 500 unfortu
nate females devoted to the pleasure of a sin
gle master. — Among the antiquities of Constan
tinople the Hippodrome or ancient circus of the
Greeks, called by the Turks Atmeidan, is re
markable. The area is about 250 paces in
length, and 150 in breadth, and is constantly oc
cupied by public games and exhibitions.
The suburb of Galata stands opposite to the
seraglio on the north side of the harbour, and
is inhabited only by merchants and seafaring
people. To the westward is the suburb of Tor
phana, so called from the cannon foundery. On
the heights above this suburb stands Pera, in
habited chiefly by individuals in the suites of
European ambassadors to the Porte. On an
adjacent hill stands the suburb of St. Demetri,
inhabited by Greeks. Scutari, though situated
on the eastern or Asiatic side of the Bosphorus,
is also accounted a suburb. The castle of the
seven towers is a state prison near the sea of
Marmora. The name Porte is said to be taken
from Porta Aurea, one of the gates of the city
towards the sea of Marmora. — The plague com
monly visits Constantinople every year and
makes great ravages. Though the climate is
not healthy, yet the prevalence of the plague is
said not to be occasioned so much by any
thing in the locality of the city, as by the ob
stinate carelessness of the Turks.
Conslantinow, or Stano Constanlinow, X. Rus
sia, in Vohynia, on the river Slucza ; 8. NNW.
Braclaw, 96 SE. Lucko. Lon. 27. 20. E. Lat
49. 40. N. Pop. 4,032.
Constantinow, t. Aust. Galicia, in Kaminiec ;
65 NE. Kaminiec. Lon. 25. 58. E. Lat 49.
40. N.
Constanza, (an. Salamis,) X. SE. part of Cy
prus ; once the capital of the island ; now a
mean place.
Consterwalde, X. Prussia, in Pomerelia; 5 S.
Marienburg. Consuegra, (an. Consaburus,) X. Spain, in New
Castile, containing 2 parishes, and 3 convents ;
25 SSE. Toledo, 64 W. Cuenca. Pop. 5,432. It
belongs to the knights of Malta.
Cbnsumah; X. Bengal ; 17 N. Dinagepour.
Conta, r. Genoa, which runs into the sea, near
Albenga.' Conta, X. Orissa ; 31 NW. Harriorpour.
Contalagur, X. Bengal ; 8 N. Dinagepour.
Contanagur, X. Bengal, in Dinagepour; 100
N. by E. Moorshedabad.
Contas, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 14. 20. S.
Contay, X. France, in Somme; 10 NNE.
Amiens. Contay, X. Hind, in Bengal ; 20 E. Jallasore.
Contchoudsong, X. Thibet; 380 ENE. Lassa.
Lon. 97. 28. E. Lat. 30. 20. N.
Conlessa, X. Eu., Turkey, with a port ; 48 E.
Saloniki. Lon. 24. 8. E. Lat. 40. 57. N. It is
situated in the province of Macedonia, in a
smaft island, at the bottom of a gulf, (an. Stry-
monic Gulf) to which it gives name, at the
mouth of the river Strimon.
Conlessa, X. Sicily, in Mazaro. Pop. 2,500. -
Contest, X. France, in Mayenne, on the May
enne ; 6 S. Mayenne.' H. 200.

Conteville, t. France, in Eure, at the mouth of
the Seine; 6 NW.Pont Audemer, 28 W.Rouen.
Pop. 900.
Contezendo, X. Prussia, in Pomerelia, on the
Vistula ; 8 W. Marienburg.
Cordial, X. France, in, Meurte ; 6 NNW.
Dieuze. Conligliano, X. Popedom, in Spoleto, near a ,
lake to which it gives name ; 9 W. Rieti.
Contigne, t. France, in, Mayne-and-Loire ; 3
N. Chateauneuf. H. 220.
Contin, \. Prussia ; 3 W. Konigsberg.
Contoira, X. Piedmont; 23 NNW. Turin.
Contoocook, r. N. H., which rises in Jaffrey
and Rindge, and runs N. E. into the Merrimack,
between Concord and Boscawen.
Contou, X. Africa, on the banks of the Falemi,
S. Galam.
Contoul, X. Bahar ; 12 N. Durbungah.
Contoy, see Loggerhead Key.
Contrarietis, (Isle des,) small isl. in the Pa
cific Ocean. Lon. 161. 56. E. Lat 9. 46. S.
Contreki, X. Arabia; 180 S. Mascat.
Contreras, cluster of small islands in the Pa
cific ocean, near the coast of Guatimala. Lon.
82.56. W. Lat. 8. 10. N.
Centres, X. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 10 S.
Blois. Pop. 1,317.
Conlrone, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 10
SB- Campagna d'Evoli. Pop. 1,181.
Contumacas, X. Peru, Lima; 65 SE. Truxillo.
Contursi, t. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 25
E. Salerno. Lon. 15. 20. E. Lat. 40. 39. N. Pop.
2,620. Conly, X. France, in Somme, on the Selle ;
12 S. Amiens. Pop. 710.
Conu, X. Corsica ; 12 N. Ajaccio.
Gonversano, X. Naples, in Bari ; 15 ESE. Bari.
Lon. 12. 7. E. Lat. 41. 9. N. Pop. 3,289. Bp. see.
Conversera, island in the Adriatic, near the
coast of Istria. Lon. 13. 46. E. Lat. 45. 20. N.
Conversion de St. Paul, (La,) small island
in the Pacific ocean, discovered by Quiros in
1606. Conway, p-t. Strafford co. N. H., watered by
the Saco; 67 N. Portsmouth, W. 555. Pop. in
1810, 1,080, in 1820, 1,365.
Conway, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 6 SW.
Greenfield, 100 W. Boston, W. 403. Pop. 1,705,
Conway, see Aberconway.
Conway, (an. Toisobius,) r. N. Wales, which
rises from a lake, situated where the three
counties of Caernarvon, Denbigh, and Merio
neth meet, 12 N. Dolgelly ; and, after dividing
the county of Denbigh from that of Caernar
von, falls into the Irish Sea, atAberconway.
Conway Town, X. N. A. in New Brunswick;
45 SSE. Fredericktown.
Conwayborough, p-v. Georgetown district,
S. C. ; 153 Columbia, W. 453.
Conyadee, X. Bengal ; 26 E. Midnapour.
Conyat, X. Crawford co; Pa. Po_p. 562.
Conyngham, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa.; 102 N. by
E. Harrisburg, W. 210.
Conyowwah, t. Birmah, on the right bank of
the Irawaddy ; 50 SW. Ava.
Conz, see Consarbruck.
Conza,.(an. Compza,) city, Naples, in Princi
pato Ultra, of which it was once the capw
tal, situated at the foot of the Apennines, near

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the head of the Ofanto; 48 E. Naples. Lon. 15.
12 E. Lat. 40. 51. N. Pop. 3,327. Abp. see. Its
principal commerce is marble.
Coochebar, district, Bengal, between Lat 26.
and 27. N., bounded N. by Bootan, E. by Ran-
gamutty, SW. by Rungpore. Sq. m. 1,300. It
was once an independent kingdom, now in
cluded mostly in the collectorship of Rungpore.
Chief towns, Bayhar and Lolbayar.
Coodavi, X. Hind, in Coimbetore; 14 NNW.
Daraporum. Coogdarra, X. Bengal ; 7 NE. Caugmahry.
Voogreel, X. Hind, in Sumbulpour; 30 SSE.
Sumbulpour. Coohoor, X. Hind, in Ellicpour; 10 ESE. El-
licpour. Cooke's Bay, bay on W. coast of Easter Island.
Lon. 109. 35. W. Lat. 27. 11. S.
Cook's Intet,ov Cook's River, inlet, N. America,
which runs into the N. Pacific ocean, between
Cape Elizabeth and Point Banks, i. e. between
Lon. 207. 9. and 207. 45. E. Lat. 58. 42. and
69. 10. N. Captain Cook sailed up this river
210 miles, as far as Lon. 210. E. and Lat. 61.
30 N. without finding its source. Vancouvre
has since explored it.
Cook's Island, two small islands in the Mer-
gui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 45. N.
Cook's Strait, strait in the S. Pacific ocean,
which divides the two islands of New Zealand.
Cooklujah, v. Natolia ; 4 E. Smyrna. It con-
"tains a Greek church and about 100 houses, all
- Greek. Cookkoo-oose, Indians, on W. coast of N. A.
No. 1,500.
Cook's Settlement, p-v. St. Genevieve co. Mis
souri, 97 St. Louis, W. 929.
Cooksee, X. Bengal ; 26 N. W. Burdwan.
• Cook's Town, p-t. Fayette co. Pa. ; 203 Har-
risburg, W. 228.
Coolabba, small isl. in the E. Indian Sea, near
the coast of Concan ; 18 S. Bombay. Lon. 72.
18. E. Lat. 18. 43. N.
Coolair, X. Hind., in the Carnatic; 40 W.
Nellore. Coolangee, X. Hind, in Baramaul ; 21 E. Ca-
veripatam. Coolany, r. Ireland, which runs into the Ard-
naglass Bay, 5 SW. Sligo.
Coolbarya, X. Bengal ; 2S WSW. Nagore.
Coolee, X. Bengal ; 10 S. Ramgur.
Coolgrenny, X. Ireland, in Wexford ; 3 SSW.
Arklow. Coolidge Landing, v. Maryland, on the Pa-
taxent ; 28 SSW. Annapolis.
Cooli-pou, post of Chinese Tartary ; 6 N. Tie-
ling-Hotun. Cooloo, X. Congo, on the Zaire, at the falls of
Yellala, 120 miles from the mouth of the river.
Pop. 300. This is the highest point of naviga
tion on the river.
Cooloo, X. Hind., Lahore, on the Bengal river ;
130 N. E. Lahore.
Cooloo, X. Hind., in Orissa; 39 SW. Cattack,
65 ESE. Boad. Lon. 85. 20. E. Lat 20. 18. N.
Coolpahar, t Hind., in Gohud ; 15 S. Raat.
Coolspring, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 596.
Coalville, p-v. Athens co. Ohio ; 110 Colum
bus, W. 332.
Cooly Point, cape, Ireland, at N. entrance

into Dundalk Bay, on the coast of Louth. Lon
6. 7. W Lat. 53. 57. N.
Coolybunra, X. Bahar ; 15 N. E. Nagpour.
Coolynorcha, t. Hind, in Guzerat; 10 SE.
Puttan Sumnaut
Coomareah, X. Hind. Godra ; 25 SW. Tandla.
Coomassie, or Cummazee, X. Africa, capital of
Ashantee; 120 NNW. Cape Coast Castle. Lon.
2. 6. W. Lat. 6. 30. N. Pop. estimated by Mr.
Bowdich, in 1818, at 15,000 ; stated by the in
habitants at 100,000. It is situated in a vale,
surrounded by an unbroken mass of the deepest
verdure. Four of the principal streets are half
a mile long, and from 50 to 100 yards broad.
The houses are low and small, of a square or
oblong form, composed of canes wattled to
gether, and plastered with clay and sand. The
town has considerable trade. The king's harem
contains 3,333 women.
Coomtah, X. Hind, in Goondwanah; 46 NE.
Nagpour, 110 SW. Ruttunpour. Lon. 80. 50. E.
Lat. 21. 33. N.
Coomtah, X. Hind., in Canara; 10 N. Onore.
Coonaterrah, X. Calicut ; 33 ENE. Paniany.
Coonatoor, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 12 SE. Cave-
ripatam. Coondabarry, X. Hind., in Naderbar ; 25 SSW.
Naderbar. Coondapaddy, t. Hind., in Coimbetore; 9
NW. Erroad.
Coondapour, t. Hind., in Canara; 6 NW.Bar-
celore, 30 SE. Onore. H. 300.
Coontah, X. Orissa ; 8 SW. Harriorpour.
Coontah, X. Bengal ; 60. W. Midnapour.
Coonum, X. Carnatic ; 26 N. Madras.
Coontara, X. Bengal, 7 W. Rogonatpour.
Coopa, X. Persia, in Irak ; 30 ENE. Ispahan,
Coopachitty, t. Coimbetore ; 20 W. Erroad.
Coopah, X. Allahabad ; 24 N. Gazypour.
Coopang, X. on W. coast of Timor, in a bay.
Lon. 124. 1. E. Lat. 9. 57. S. Pop. 5,000. The
bay forms an excellent harbour for shipping.
This settlement was formed by the Dutch as
early as 1630.
Cooper, co. Missouri. Pop. 6,959. Chief
town, Boonville.
Cooper, r. S. C, which runs into Charleston
harbour on E. side of the city. A canal con
nects it with the Santee, which opens a com
munication with Charleston and the interior
country. Cooper's Ferry, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J.;
W. 141.
Cooper's Island, isl. on N. coast of Java, near
Batavia ; about 3,200 feet in circ. The Dutch
East-India Company have on it several ware
houses, chiefly for coffee.
Cooper's Island, one of the Virgin Islands, in
the West Indies, about 5 miles long, and from
1 to 2 wide. Lon. 65. 57. W. Lat. 18. 7. N.
Cooper's Island, one of the Bermuda islands.
Cooper's Island, rock of considerable height,
about 5 miles in circ, in the S. Atlanitc ocean.
about one mile from E. coast of the island of
Georgia. Lon. 36. 4. W. Lat. 54. 57. S.
Cooperstown, p-v. h cap. Otsego co. N. Y., in
the township of Otsego, at S. end of Otsego
lake ; 66 W. Albany, W. 367. Lon. 74. 57. W.
Lat 42. 44. N. Pop. 783. It is a handsome and
flourishing village, and contains a court bouse, a

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jail, 2 chh. and 3 printing offices, from each of
which is issued a weekly newspaper. In 1812
the number of houses and stores was 1 10. The
Susquehanna first takes its name here at the
outlet of the lake, and it affords advantages for
various water works. The manufactures and
trade of the place are considerable.
Cooperstown, v. Hartford co. Md. ; 7 NW.
Bel-Air, 24 E. Baltimore.
Coopilly, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 6 S. Cicacole.
Coorah, X. Hind., in Kitchwara ; 15 SSE. Raa-
jegur. Coorapilla, X. Carnatic; 8 S. W. Pullumnare.
Coorawar, X. Allahabad ; 40 W.Benares.
Cooreah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 35 W. Kairabad.
Coorg, or Corga, circar or district, Hindoos
tan, governed by a rajah, situated among the
Western Gauts, between Canara and Mysore.
It is full of mountains and forests, which shelter
innumerable tigers and elephants. The soil is
fertile, and the climate temperate .
Coosah, X. Bengal ; 25 WSW. Beyar.
Coorung, X. Bengal, in Birbbom ; 33 W. Na-
gore. •
Coos, co. N. part of N. H., bounded N. by
Canada, E. by Maine, S. by Strafford co., SW.
by Grafton co., and W. by Vermont. Pop. in
1810, 3,991 ; in 1820, 5,549. Chief town, Lan
caster. Coos, (Lower,) tract of countiy, N. H., in
which Haverhill is situated. It lies east of the
Connecticut, and south of the Lower Ammo-
noosuc. Coos, (Upper,) tract of countiy, N. H., in
which Lancaster is situated. It lies east of the
Connecticut, and south of the Upper Ammo-
noosuc. Coos, see Slanchio.
Coos Beyhar, province, Bengal, bounded N.
and NE. by Bootan, E. by Goolah, S. by Bit-
trebund and Rungpour, and W. by Booda and
Bootishazary ; about 50 m. long, and 28 broad.
Beyhar is the capital.
Coos Beyhar, see Beyhar.
Coosa, or Abacooche, r. which rises near the
line between Tennessee and Georgia, passes
through NW. part of Georgia, enters Alabama,
and unites with the Tallapoosa, 3 miles by land
below Fort Jackson, to form the Alabama.
Welumka, or the great shoals, are 5 m. above
the fort, and are the head of navigation.
Coosada, X. Autauga co. Alabama, on the Ala
bama, 1 mile below the junction of the Coosa
and Tallapoosa.
Coosaw, or Coosawhatchie, river,S. C, which
runs SSE. into Broad river and Whale branch,
which separate Port Royal island from the
main land.
Coosawhatchie, p-t. Beaufort district, S. C, on
the Coosaw ; 27 NW. Beaufort, 70 WSW.
Charleston, W. 624. Lon. 81. W. Lat. 32.26.N.
It contains a court house, a jail, and a few
houses. The courts for the district are held
here. Coosbarya, X. Bengal ; 16 SE. Moorshedabad
Coosera'h, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 10 SE. Bahar.
Cooserynagur,X. Hind., in Bundelcund; 50 S.
Chatterpour. Coosmah, X. Hind., in Benares ; 8 NW. Bid-
zigur.

Coospellar Indians, N. A., on the Columbia,
N. of Clark's river. No. 1,600.
Coosugurry, X. Bengal ; 20 NNW. Gooragot.
Coosumbah, X. Hind., in Baglana;. 28 SSW.
Tolmani. Coosy, or Coso, r. which rises in the moun
tains of Thibet; and runs into the Ganges, 20
E. Boglipour, in Bengal.
Cootakaera, X. Bengal ; 40 SSW. Doesa.
Cootalley, X. Carnatic ; 30 SE. Tinevelley.
Cootee, t. Bengal ; 35 E. Doesa.
Cootehill, X. Ireland, Cavan ; 11 NE. Cavan.
Coolah, X. Hind., Allahabad; 20 NW.Currah.
Cootra, X. Hind., in Allahabad, on Betwah
river ; 55 N. by W. Chatterpour.
Cootslown, p-t. Berks co. Pa. ; 17 NNE.
Reading, 73 NNW. Philadelphia, W. 161. It
has 40 or 50 houses.
Cooty, X. Hind., Bahar ; 24 ENE. Hajypour.
Copacavana, X. S. A., in La Paz, near W. coast
of lake Titicaca; 20 SE. Xuli.
Copalnagur, X. Bengal ; 17 W. Comillah.
Copatz, t. in isl. of Cherso ; 8 N. Cherso.
Copauldurgam, t. Mysore ; 10 SSE. Certapa-
tam. Cope, t. Carnatic ; 12 W. Tritchinopoly.
Copenhagen, p-v. Lewis co. in Denmark
township N. Y. ; 154 NW. Albany, W. 284.
Copenhagen, (in Danish, Kiobenhaven, i. e.
Merchants' Harbour,) city, s-p. h cap. of Den
mark, on the east coast of the isl. of Zealand, in
a channel of the Baltic, called the Sound; 20 S.
Elsinore, 170 NE. Hamburg, 300 SW. Stock
holm, 600 NE. London. Lon. 12. 35. E. Lat.
55. 41. N. Pop. in 1760, 70,514; in 1801,
90,000; in 1804,100,974. Jews 2,400. H.4,054.
Births, in 1820, 2,225 ; of which 852 were out
of wedlock. Deaths 1,162.
It is built on a low tract, surrounded with
small lakes, and partly intersected by inlets of
the sea, yet it is accounted healthy. It consists
of the old and new town, and Christiansha-
ven ; of an oblong form, surrounded with walls,
about 5 miles in circuit. It is fortified towards
the land side with regular ramparts and bas
tions, and is environed with a wet ditch, which
is both broad and deep. Many of the streets
are broad and well paved, having side-walks';
others are very narrow and inconvenient. The
houses are mostly modern, built of brick and
stuccoed ; some are of white calcareous stone ;
the finer edifices of free-stone or Norwegian
marble. It is one of the best built cities in the
north of Europe, and on approaching it from
the sea it presents a magnificent view ; the
avenues on the land side are likewise very
beautiful. The harbour is very excellent, formed by a
narrow arm of the sea, or channel, running
between the city and the opposite island of
Amack. It is of sufficient depth to admit the
largest ships, and capable of containing 500 '
merchantment, though the entrance is so
narrow, that only one can enter at a time.
About 400 vessels belong to the port, manned
by nearly 6,000 seamen. Its foreign commerce,
which has been subject to great variation, has
been carried on chiefly with the ports of the
Baltic, with Germany, France, Portugal, Italy,
and the West Indies. The manufactures con-

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¦sist of linen, sail-cloth, ticking, cotton stuffs,
woollens, leather, spirituous liquors, and por
celain. Here are anchor founderies, roperies,
and extensive dockyards.
Copenhagen is not only the residence of the
court, but the seat of all the great public estab
lishments of the kingdom. It contains a cathe
dral, 20 churches, 3 synagogues, 22 hospitals,
4 royal palaces, 3 gymnasia, several learned so
cieties, public libraries, and other establish
ments. The small Gothic castle of Rosenburg
is a royal palace, remarkable for its museum,
which contains the regalia, with valuable col
lections of minerals and medals. The gardens
are very extensive, and form the principal
promenade of the citizens. The observatory
is 130 feet high, and about 70 in diameter, and
is remarkable for a spiral carriage road, made
of brick, on a veiy easy ascent. The university,
founded in 1479, consists of 4 faculties, and
has 20 ordinary, and 16 extraordinary profes
sors, a library of about 60,000 volumes, an
anatomical theatre, museum of natural history,
one of the best botanic gardens in Europe,
containing about 7,500 plants, and usually 600
or 700 students, of whom 168 are maintained
from the public funds. The royal library con
tains upwards of 260,000 printed volumes, and
30,000 MSS.— In 1728, two thirds of the town
were destroyed by fire. In 1794, nearly 1,000
houses were burnt ; another great fire happen
ed in 1795. In 1807, it was bombarded by
the British, and above 300 houses, including
the cathedral and a part of the university, were
destroyed, and twice that number damaged.
Copenane, r. S. A., in Surinam, which runs
into the Atlantic, Lat 5. 56. N.
Copet, t. h barony, Switz., in Vaud, on a lake
of Geneva, in the bailiwick of Nion ; 4 S. Nion,
7 N. Geneva. Pop. 1,805.
Copi, see Cobi.
Copiapo, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, N. of the town of Copiapo.
Copiapo, jurisdiction, Chili, rich in gold
mines, situated in N. part of Chili. There are
likewise mines of iron, copper, sulphur, and
lead ; the whole soil is impregnated with sal
gem. Saltpetre is common. From Copiapo
to Coquimbo is neither town nor village.
Copiapo, s-p. Chili, which gives name to a
jurisdiction ; 140 NNW. Rioja. Lon. 71.18. W.
Lat. 27. 10. S. Pop. 1,700. It is situated on a
river of the same name, 12 leagues from the
sea. The houses are irregularly built.
Copias, now Limne,
Copinshaw, one of the smaller Orkney isl
ands. Lon. 2. 47. W. Lat. 58. 48. N.
Copis, X. Mingrelia, on the coast of the Black
sea ; 15 S. Anarghia, 40 W. Cotatis.
Copishang, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 12 W. Bahar.
Copland Island, small island, Ireland, with a
light house, near NE. coast of Down, in the
Irish sea ; 11 ESE. Carrickfergus/ Lon. 5. 24.
W. Lat. 54. 39. N.
Copley, X. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 169.
Copnaliow Head, cape on W. coast of Skye.
Lon. 6. 40. W. Lat. 57. 22. N.
Coppay, one of the smaller Western Islands
of Scotland ; 2 W. from the SW. extremity of
the isl. of Lewis. Lon. 7. 8. W. Lat. 57. 49. N .

Coppenbrugge, X. Hanover ; 19 SW. Hanover.
Pop. 944.
Coppenwindo, X. Bav. ; 7 SE. Geroldshofen.
Copper Island, small island, in lake Superior,
near E. coast. Lon. 85. 20. W. Lat 47. 21. N.
Copper Island, see Midnoi.
Copper Indians, Indians, N. A. Lon. 113. W.
Lat. 67. N.
Copper River, r. NW. Territory,- which runs
SSW., and joins the Chippeway, about 30 m.
aboves its mouth. Length 250 or 300 miles.
Coppermine Hills, hills, N. A. Lon. 112. W.
Lat. 68. 30. N.
Coppermine River, r. N. A., which runs into
the sea, Lon. 11 1. 5. W. Lat. 69. N.
Coppermine River, r. U. Canada, which runs
into lake Superior, Lon. 84. 50. W. Lat. 46.
54. N.
Copronilza, t. Croatia, small, but fortified ;
25 S. Varasdin. Pop. 3,417.
Coptos, now Keft.
Coq, (Le,) X. Africa, iii Galam, on the Sene
gal ; 25 SSW. Cayar.
Coqueiros, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 11. 31. S.
Coquet, r. Eng., in Northumberland, which
runs into the sea, 7 SE. Alnwick.
Coquet, small isl. Eng., in the German ocean,
about a mile in circ, near the coast of Nor
thumberland. Lon. 1 36. W. Lat 55. 13. N.
Coquinoca, X. Peru ; 75 SE. Lipes.
Coquimbo, Or Serena, jurisdiction, in Chili.
The fertility and beauty of the countiy have
induced many families to reside here. The
country produces corn enough to supply annu
ally 4 or 5 vessels, of 400 tons each, for Lima.
There are many mines of gold and silver.
Coquimbo, X. S. A., Si cap. of a jurisdiction,
in Chili, the second town founded by Valdivia,
about a quarter of a league from the sea, on a
river of the same name ; 10 SW. Rioja. Lon.
71. 19. W. Lat. 29. 55. S. Pop 500 families of
Spaniards and people of colour, with some In
dians. The harbour is accounted one of the
best, on the west coast of S. A., and is much
frequented. The streets are built in a line,
from N. to S., and E. to W. ; well watered and
shaded with fig-trees, palms, oranges, olives;
he., always green. The number of houses be
tween 3, and 400.
Cor, X. Chinese Tartary, in the desert of Co
bi. Lon. 93. 29. E. Lat. 44. 16. N.
Cora, X. New Navarre ; 210 S. Casa Grande.
Cora, or Chora, X. h cap. island of Samos, on
the site of the ancient Samos.' Lon. 26. 52. E.
Lat. 37. 40. N. Greek bp. see.
Corace, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf of
Squillace ; 4 S. Belicastro. Lon 16. 56. E. Lat.
38. 50. N.
Coracesium, now Alanieh.
Corachic, X. Hind., in Sindy, 50 miles from
Tatta. Lon. 67. 16. E. Lat. 24. 51. N. Pop.
about 8,000. The bay of Corachie affords good
shelter for shipping, and from the 1st of Sept.
to the last of May, ships of 3, or 400 tons may
enter the port. It is the only seaport in the
province of Sindy, and the commerce is con
siderable. Coradge, (an. Kerseos;) r. Syria, which runs
into the Mediterranean, 4 S. Tortosa.

COR

439

COR

' Corah, circar, Hind., in Allahabad, bounded
N. by the Ganges, which divides it from Oude,
E. by Currah, SW. by the Jumna, and W. by
the subah of Agra ; about 60 m. long, and from
12 to 25 broad. - Corah is the capital.
Corah, X. Hind., h cap. of a circar of the .
same name, in the subah of AUahabah ; 90 NW.
Allahabad, 140 SE. Agra. Lon. 80. 43. E. Lat
26. 7. N. |
Corai, r. Georgia, which runs into the Cas»
pian sea, N. of Tarki.
Coral de Boranca, X. S. A., in Cordova ; 80
N. Cordova.
Corallum, t. Hind., in Cicacole; 40 NE. Ra
jamundry. Corally, X. Bengal ; 28 E. Dacca.
Corambah, X. Bengal, in Nagpour ; 15 NW.
Doesa. Lon. 84. 50. E. Lat. 23. 12. N.
Corambah, X. Hind., Bahar ; 10 NW. Bahar.
Corampour, X. Hind., in Ballogistan ; 20 SE.
Dadari. Coranna, country, S. part of Africa; S. Or
ange river.
Corarupa, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat 18. 30. S.
Corapani, X. Imiretta, on the Rione ; 35
ESE. Cotatis.
Corusu, t. Japan, Ximo ; 76 N. Nangasaki.
Corax, now Coddors.
Coray, X. France, in Finisterre ; 12 WNW.
Quimper. Coraygong, X. Hind., in Visiapour; 12 E. Sat-
tarah. Corazan, see Chorasan.
Corazema, X. Upper Siam ; 100 NNE. Louvo.
Corazon, mt. S. A., between Pinchinca and
Ilinissa ; covered with perpetual snow.
Corbach, X. Ger., in Waldeck, of which it is
the capital ; 12 NW. Waldeck, 70 E. Cologne.
Lon. 8. 54. E. Lat. 51. 16. N. Pop. 1,600. It
has a gymnasium, a Lutheran and a Reformed
church. It was formerly- imperial. — In the
year 1760, the Hanoverians were defeated by
the French, near this town.
Cobara, X. on NW. coast of Corsica ; 8 NE.
Calvi. Lon. 9. 3. E. Lat. 42. 31. N. Pop. 997.
Corbara, X. Popedom, Umbria; 8 SW. Todi.
Corbaro, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra; 8 S.
Squillace. . Corbeau, (De,) r. N. A., which joins the
Mississippi on W. side* Lat. 46. N. It is a large
river, nearly equal to the Mississippi, at the
point of junction. The south fork rises near
the sources of St. Peter's river ; another branch
is oonnected with Otter Tail lake, and thus
with Red river.
Corbeck, X. Brabant; 5 S. Louvain.
Corbeil, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Seine-and-Oise, situated on both
sides of the Seine, at its conflux with the
Juine ; 9 NNW. Meiun, 15 S. Paris. Lon. 2.33.
E. Lat. 48. 36. N. Pop. 3,200. It contains 3
fauxbourgs, and 4 churches. The principal trade
is tanning leather.
. Corbeilles, X. France, in Loiret ; 8 NW. Mon-
targis. Corbelin, X. France, Isere ; 30 ESE. Lyons.
Corbeny, or Corbigny, X. France, in Aisne,
with a celebrated, church dedicated to St. Mar-
c'ulf ; 15 NNW. Rheims. Hither the kings of

France, after their unction, formerly retired lo
spend une neuvaine, or nine days in prayers, by
which they were to receive the power of cur
ing the scrofula, or king's evil.
Corbera, X. Spain, in Valencia ; 20 S. Valencia.
Corbelta, X. Italy ; 12 W. Milan.
Corbet's Inlet, inlet in Honduras bay. Lon.
93. W. Lat. 62. 30. N.
Corbey, see Coney.
Corbie, X. France, in Somme ; 9 E. Amiens,
18 W. Peronne. Pop. 2,057.
Corbieres, X. Switz., and chief place of a bai
liwick, in Friburg; 10 S. Friburg..
Corbieres, valley, France, near the Pyrenees,
celebrated for a victory which Charles Martel
obtained over the Saracens.
Corbigny, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in the Nyevre ; 27 NE. Nevers. Lon.
3. 45. E. Lat. 47. 16. N. Pop. 2,315.
Corbigny, t. France, in Nyevre, district of
Clamecy. Pop. 2,315.
Corbils, place, Saxony, near Meissen, where-
a battle was fought in the year 1759, between
the Prussians and Imperialists.
Corbola, X, Aust. Italy, in Rovigo ; 12 ESE.
Rovigo. Corbridge, (an. Corstopium,) X. Eng., in Nor
thumberland, formerly aborough, sending mem
bers to parliament ; 4 E. Hexham. Pop. 1,182.
Corby, X. Eng., in Lincolnshire ; 17 NE. Stam
ford, 107 N. London. Lon. 1. 30. W. Lat. 52.
50. N. Pop. 436. It has a market on Thursday.
Corcan, see Jorjan.
Corcange, see Urkonje.
Corcas, or Grand Corcas, isl. N. St. Domingo.
Lon. 70. 55. W. Lat. 21. 54. N.
Corcelle, r. France, which runs into the Ar-
roux, near Autun.
Corcia, X. Corsica ; 14 NNW. Corte.
Corcieux, X. France, in Vosges ; 7 SSW. St.
Diey. Coreobado, mt. S. A., in Chili. Lat. 43...S.
It height is estimated at 20,000 feet.
Corcora, X. Abyssinia; 160 SSE. Sire.
Corcyra, see Corfu, h Curzola.
Corcyrus Promonlorium, see Cape Buzo.
Corczycz, t. Volhynia ; 46 N. Constantinow.
Corczyn, or Kortschin, X. Poland, in Sando
mirz, on the Vistula; 48 WSW. Sandomirz.
Pop. 1,000.
Corcova, X. Romania ; 22 S. Tergozyl.
Corda, now Cumnock.
Cordelieres, mountains, S. A. See Andes.
Cordemais, X. France, in Lower Loire, district
of Savenay. Fop. 2,646.
Cordes, X. "France, in Tarn; 10 N. Caillac.
Pop. 2,303.
Cordes Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan, on
the coast of the Patagonia; 5 ESE. Fortescue
bay. Cordes Toulousianes, X. France, in Upper-
Garonne ; 20 NW. Toulouse.
Cordeshagen, X. Pomerania ; 10 W. Coslin.
Cordesse, X. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ; 6
N. Autun.
Cordevanpatty, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 13
SW. Negapatam.
Cordevato, X. Friuli ; 5 N. Concordia.
Cordevol, r. Italy, which runs into the Fia-
vo, between Belluno and Feltri.

COR

440

COR

Cordignano, t. Italy, in Treviso ; 8 E. Tre-
vigio. Cordilleras, see Andes.
Cordla, X. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, on the
Black sea ; 30 SW. Trebisond.
Cordon, small island in the Pacific ocean,
near W. coast of Nicaragua, at the entrance of
the bay of Realejo.
Condonas, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 6 SE. Aviano.
Cordova, pr. Spain, and once an independent
kingdom, a part of Andalusia, bounded N. by
Estramadua and La Mancha, E. by Jaen and
Grenada, S. by Seville, and W. by Seville and
Estramadura. The country is partly cdvered with
the mountains of Morena and with vast plains,
with sharp, naked rocks, and deep valleys be
tween. Fruits are abundant, as grapes, olives,
figs, citrons, &c. Myrtles, lentisks, pines, wild
olives, he. grow without care. Game is abun
dant, with a great number of sheep and goats.
The principal towns are-Cordova, Lucena, and
Montilla. Pop. in 1797, 252,028. Sq. m. 4,583.
Cordova, (an. Corduba, h Colonia Patricia,)
ancient and rich city, Spain, on the Guadalqui
vir, about a league from the Morena mountains ;
75 NE. Seville. Lon. 4. 46. W. Lat. 37. 52. N.
Pop. 35,000. H. 3,300. Bp. see. It contains
a cathedral, 16 churches, 40 convents, 16 hos
pitals, and 2 colleges. The cathedral, originally
a mosque, built about the year 692, is a magni
ficent monument, 534 feet by 387. It was a
town of consideration under the Romans ; the
two Senecas, and the poet Lucan, were born
here. The bridge was built by the Moors, and
is supported by 16 arches. It is said to have
contained in the time of the Moors a popula
tion of 300,000. The ancient palace of the
Moorish kings is large and beautiful, but has
been converted into stables, in which 100
Andalusian horses are usually kept. — In the
first ages after its foundation, this city possessed
a university, in which all the sciences were
cultivated. Gallio, the orator, and many other
eminent men, studied here. This university
flourished also under the Moors. Cordova is
remarkable for a kind of leather called from
this town, Cordovan, or Cordwain. — Natives,
the two Senecas, Lucan, Averroes, Gonzalves,
and Ferdinand de Cordova.
Cordova, pr. S. A., in Buenos Ayres, about'
100 leagues in length, and 70 in breadth, cross
ed by several chains of mountains, and watered
by several rivers. The principal town is called
by the same name, besides which there are
some towns and villages. The inhabitants feed
a great number of cattle and horses, which form
their principal trade. Serpents are numerous ;
some of them are of an amazing size, and ex
ceedingly dangerous, others are harmless. This
province is but little known.
Cordova, X. S. A., and capital of the province
of Tucuman, in Buenos Ayres, founded in 1550,
by Nugnez Prado, and about 20 years after
erected into a bishopric ; 450 by the common
road NNW. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 65. 10. W.
Lat. 31. 20. S. Pop. according to Mr. Bland,
about 10,000. It contains about 1,500 Spanish
inhabitants, with about 4,000 negroes. It has
a handsome cathedral, and a spacious market
place. The college formerly belonging to the

Jesuits, is a large edifice, now appropriated to
public purposes. The adjacent country is fruit
ful, abounding in excellent pasture.
Cordova, (New,) see Cumana.
Cordova, t. Mexico, in Vera Cruz ; 60 W.
Vera Cruz; 70 ESE. Puebla de los Angelos.
Lon. 96. 56. W. Lat. 18. 50. N. Bp. see. Pop,
6,000. It is a handsome town, mostly built of
«)ne, and has a great trade in sugar, of which
ere are 33 mills.
Cordova, X. New-Grenada, in St. Martha; 15
S. St. Martha.
Cordovan, (Tower of) light house, at the
mouth of the river Gironde, on the coast of
France. Lon. 1. 10. W. Lat. 45. 35. N.
Cordovato, X. Friuli ; 6 N. Concordia.
Cordilandt, see Courtland.
Corduba, now Cordova.
Core Bank, narrow isl. on the coast of N. C,
about 40 miles long, and hardly 2 broad. Lon.
76. 26. to 76 50. W. Lat. 34. 22. to 34. 55. N.
Core Sound, bay on the coast of N. C, be
tween Pamlico sound and Cape Lookout ; 20
miles long. Lon. 77. 5. W. Lat. 34. 38. N.
Corea, km. Asia, hounded N. by Chinese
Tartary, E. by the sea of Japan, S. by a narrow
sea, which parts it from the Japanese islands,
and W. by the Yellow sea, which parts it from
China ; about 500 m. from N. to S., and 150
from E. to W. It is a peninsula, being every
where surrounded with the sea, except towards
the N. This country consists of 8 provinces,
in which are found 40 grand cities, called kiun ;
33 of the first rank, called fou ; 58 tcheous, or
cities of the second rank ; and 70 of the third,
called Men ; besides a great number of fortres
ses, well garrisoned. — The N. part of Corea is
barren, woody, and mountainous ; infested
with wild beasts, and but thinly inhabited, but
the southern division is rich and fertile, breeds
great numbers of large and small cattle, be
sides fowl, wild and tame, and a great variety
of game ; it likewise produces silk, flax, and
cotton. — The king of Corea pays an annual
tribute to China, but in the interior administra
tion is independent. The prevailing religion is
that of Fo or Buddha. Pop. vaguely estimated
at 6, or 8,000,000. Sq. m. about 88,000. King-
ki-tao is the capital.
Cored, X. Egypt, situated in a fertile country,
surrounded with gardens^ and defended by a
castle, but of no great strength, as the wall is
of earth, and the gates destitute of fastening ;
15 NE. Belbeis.
Coreglio, X. Lucca ; 15 N. Lucca.
Corella, X. Spain, in Navarre, on the Alhama;
8 W. Tudela, 38 S. Pamplona. Pop. 3,600.
Corelly, X. Hind., ih Guzerat ; 14 N. Amood.
Corena, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 22. 55. S.
Corendelin, X. Switz., in Soleure ; 10 N. So
leure. Corenlin, or Corontin, see Courantin.
Corera, X. Guzerat ; 15 WNW. Junagur.
Corf-castle, X: Eng., in Dorset, in the centre
of what is called the Isle of Purbeck ; 18 SSW,
Poole, 121 W. London. Lon. 2. 6. W. Lat. 50.
38. N. Pop. 744. It sends 2 members to parlia
ment, and has a market on Tuesday.
Corfu, (an. Scheria, Plmacia, Corcyra, and

COR

441

COR

Drepano,) island, in the Mediterranean, at the
mouth of the Adriatic, near the coast of Alba
nia ; about 45 m. long, and 24 wide. Lon. 21.
20. E. Lat. 39. 40. N. Pop. 60,000. Sq. m. 229,
The air is healthy, the land fertile, and the
fruit excellent. Oranges, citrons, the most de
licious grapes, honey, wax, and oil, are exceed
ingly abundant. Some parts are mountain
ous and barren, and good water is scarce.
Salt forms a great part of its riches. The cap
ital has always borne the name of the island.
— This island was taken by the French, and
given to them by the treaty of Campo Formio.
In March 1799, it was taken from them by the
Russians aud Turks, and united with Cephalo
nia, Zante, fcc. to form a republic, under the
denomination of the Seven Islands.
Corfu, (an. Corcyra,) capital of the island of
the same name. Lon. 21. 1. E. Lat. 39. 38. N.
Pop. 16,000. Abp. see. It is the seat of govern
ment of the Ionian islands. It is fortified, and
defended by 2 fortresses ; it has a good har
bour, and considerable trade. In 1818, a uni
versity was established here, under the auspi
ces of the British government, by the earl of
Guilford, who was appointed chancellor, and
nominated Greeks to the different chairs, of
the first abilities. The number of students soon
amounted to 150.
Corgia, X. Italy ; 13 NNW. Bergamo.
Corga, see Coorga.
Corgolin, X. France, Cote-d'Or ; 5 N. Beaune.
Cori, X. Popedom, in Campagna di Roma ;
10 S. Palestrino.
Cori, t. Hind., in Mewah ; 12 NE. Macherry.
Curia, (an. Caurium,) X. Spain, in Estrama
dura, on the Alagon ; 90 W. Toledo, 110 WSW.
Madrid. Lon. 6. 16. W. Lat 39. 56. N. Pop.
4,500. Bp. see. It contains 2 churches, 2 con
vents, and 2 hospitals ; near it are medicinal
springs. Corio, t Spain, in Seville, on the Guadal-
aivir ; 7 miles from Seville. Pop. 2,400.
Coria, X. Portugal, Beira ; 16 SE. Pesquiera.
Coriaco, see Curiaco.
Coriahgunge, X. Hind., in Dooab ; 45 WNW.
Pattiary. Corian, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 30 W. Herat.
Coriderva, rock, situated 2 miles SW. Ila, one
of the Western Islands of Scotland.
Corigliano, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 23
NNE. Cosenza. Lon. 16. 43. E. Lat. 39. 37. N:
Fop. 8,000.
Corigliano, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 10 W. Ot
ranto. Lon. 18. 19. E. Lat. 40. 30. N.
Corimba, t. Africa, on the island of Loanda.
Corimpo, X. New Mexico, in Mayo ; 24 NE.
Santa Cruz.
Corinattum, X. Hind., Coimbetore ; 18 ENE.
Coimbetore. Corinea, now Chibiane.
Coringa, X. Hind., in (he northern circars,
and district of Rajamundry, on the bay of Ben
gal ; 28 SE. Rajamundry. Lon. 82. 29; E. Lat
16. 49. N. A wet dock has been formed here,
capable of taking in a frigate. The trade of the
post is considerable.
Corinja, X. Hind., in Berar ; 42 W. by N.
Nagpour. <
Corinth, p-t. Orange co. Vt. ; 26 SE. Mont-
Vol. I. 56

pelier, W. 516. Pop. in 1810, 1,876 ; in 1820,
1,907. Corinth, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 16 NW.
Bangor, 52 N. Castine, 256 NE. Boston, W. 710.
Pop. 296.
Corinth, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. ; 20 N. Balls-
ton, W. 413. Pop. 1,490.
Corinth, or Corinto, or Corito, or Coranlo, or
Kordos, X. Greece, in the Morea ; 46 WNW.
Athens, 340 SW. Constantinople. Lon. 23. 28.
E. Lat. 37. 56. N. Pop. stated from 2, to 5,000.
Greek abp. see. Corinth now presents more
the appearance of a village, than a town. The
walls are about 2 miles in circuit. The houses,
which are tolerably large and well built, are
scattered in groups, and separated by gardens
and cornfields. It is situated near a narrow
isthmus, to which it gives name, and which
joins the Morea to the rest of Greece ; between
the gulf of Lepanto, (anciently the Gulf of Co
rinth,) and the gulf of Engia, (anciently the
Saronic Gulf.) It had anciently two harbours,
Cenchrea, on the Saronic gulf, and Lecheum,
on the gulf of Corinth. The latter now forms
the port. It was formerly a powerful city, till
it was totally destroyed and burnt by Mummi-
us, the Roman consul, B. C. 146. The riches
found in the city were immense, and the met
als melted and mixed together by the fire, form
ed what was called Corinthian brass. — The
temple of Venus possessed above 1,000 female
slaves, as courtezans.
Traces ofthe ancient walls are still discerni
ble, and the remains of a temple ; but the most
interesting monument of antiquity is the cita
del, or Aero Corinthos, situated on a ridge, a
little above the town, and still fortified. Above
the bazar or market, are eleven columns, sup
porting their architraves, of the Doric order,
fluted, and wanting in height near half the
common proportion to the diameter. Within
them, towards the west end, is one taller, not
entire, which it is likely contributed to support
the roof; they are of stone, not marble.
Corinth, (Gulf of) now Gulf of Lepanto.'
Corio, X. Piedmont, in Turin. Pop. 5,132.
Coriola, t. Brazil, in Goyas, on the Tocantin
river; 100 NE. Villa Boa. Lat. 15. 52. N.
Corisco Islands, two islands in the Atlantic,
near the coast of Guinea, belonging to Benin.
One is called Great, and the other Little Coris
co; the largest is covered with trees. Lat. 1.
10. N.
Corito, X. Spain, in Leon ; 17 SSW. Leon.
Coritachitly, X. Carnatic ; 26 E. Tanjore. ,
Coritapetty, X. Hind., in Dindigul ; 13 E. Oo-
tampaleam. Corixas, i. Brazil, which runs N. into the
Amazon, Lon. 49. 30. W. Lat. 2. S.
Cork, county, Ireland, formerly a kingdom,
bounded N. by the county of Limerick, E. by
the counties of Tipperary and, Waterford, on
SSE. and SW. by the sea, and W. by the coun
ty of Kerry ; 99 English miles in length, and 71
in breadth. The land is generally good. Trip
principal towns are Cork, Kinsale, Youghal'
Mallow, Donneraile, and Bandon-bridfce lj>or.'
TOtoOO11 1813' ^ 523'936 ' by C''aSUS> '" W,
Cork, city, Irelajjd, capital of the coumy of

COR

442

COR

Cork ; 126 SW. Dublin. Lon. 8. 28. W. tat.
51. 54. N. Pop. in 1814, 64,394. H. 8,600. Bp.
see, united with Ross. It was originally built
on an island, formed by the river Lee, but is
now greatly extended on the opposite banks of
both branches of the river, It is 15 miles from
the sea, and its harbour,.or cove, 9 miles below
the town, is celebrated for its safety and capa
ciousness. Its entrance, deep and narrow, is
defended by a strong fort on each side. Cork
is the second city in Ireland, and exports great
quantities of salt provisions ; and during the
slaughtering season, 100,000 head of cattle are
prepared. The other exports are butter, can
dles, soap, whiskey, hides, pork, rabbit-skins,
linen, woollens, yarn, he. Its manufactures
are sail-cloth, sheeting, paper, leather, glue,
glass, coarse cloth, Sic.
The approaches to the town were formerly
2 large stone bridges ; to which 3 others have
been added. The public buildings are generally
of a plain exterior. The principal ones area
stately cathedral, exchange, market house, cus
tom house, town house, 2 theatres, several
hospitals and churches, large barracks, he.
The Cork Institution is an incorporated scien
tific establishment, in which lectures are de
livered on chemistry, agriculture, and botany.
The houses of the city are generally old and
not elegant. — It sends two members to parlia
ment Corker Key, small isl. in the bay of Hondu
ras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88. 44. W.
Lat. 18. 10. N.
Corkin's Creek, r. Pennsylvania, which runs
into the Delaware, Lon. 75. 10. W. Lat. 41.
16. N.
Corlay, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 15 NW.
Loudeac. Pop. 1,190.
Corleone or Corigleone, X. Sicily, in Val de
Mazara ; 24 SSW. Palermo. Lon.13.26. W. Lat.
38. 54. N. Pop. 12,000. It is beautifully situ
ated in a valley.
Corling, X. Pru., in Pomerania, on the Per-
sante; 14 SE. Colberg, 36 E. Cammin. Lon.
15. 45, E. Lat. 54. 2. N. It has considerable
woollen manufactures, and is the chief place
of a bailiwick.
Cormantin, (Great,) X. Africa, on the Gold
coast, in the territory of Fantin; large and
populous, containing 1,200 men, who are all
traders or fishermen. Lon. 1. 8. E. Lat. 5. 5. N.
Cormantin, (Little,) t. Africa, on the Gold
coast, where the Dutch have a fort ; 4 WSW.
Great Cormantin.
Cormat, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 30 ESE. Lar.
Cormatin, X. h fortress, Curdistan. Here Ti-
mur Bee was killed by an arrow, shot from the
Walls, as he was viewing the place.
Cormeilles, X. France, in Oise ; 4 WNW. Bre
teuil. Cormeilles, t. France, in Eure ; 9 NNE. Li-
sieux. Pop. 1,225.
Cormery, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 7
SE. Tours. Pop. 815.
Cormia, r. Tuscany, which runs into the
Mediterranean, near Piombino.
Cormicy, t. France, Marne ; 10 NW. Rheims.
Pop. 2,565.
Cormolain, X. France, in Calvados ; 10 SSW.
Bayeux.

Cormons, X. Austria^ in Goritz ; 7 SW. Goritz,
12 SE. Udina. Pop. 3,598.
Cormorandiere, small island in the straits, of
Magellan, near the coast of Terra del Fuego,
which forms a bay ; 10 NW. Beaubassin.
Corn Islands, see Manglares.
Coma, or Kama, or Come, (an. Apamea Dig-
bo, and Didigua,) t. Arabian Irak, at the union
of the Tigris and Euphrates ; 60 NW. Bassora.
Lon. 46. 38. E. Lat. 30. 50. N. Pop. 300 fami
lies, who trade with Bassora. On this spot
some learned men have fixed the Garden of
Eden. It is only a small mean place, surround
ed with a mud wall, Jand containing but few
inhabitants. Comago, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 13 S. Cal-
ahorra. Comaka, or Comacha, small barren island in
the Red sea, near the coast of Nubia, about 2
miles in circ. The shape has been compared
to a lizard with its legs sprawling out. Lat. 23.
36. N.
Comaletto, X. Italy ; 12 NW. Cremona.
Cornau, X. Han., Diepholz; 6 N. Diepholz.
Come Island, isl. 10 miles long, and 1 wide,
ir. the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of West-
Florida. Lon. 88. 32. W. Lat. 30. 11. N.
Come, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 7 E.
Angers. Come Royal, X. France, in Lower-Charente ;
7 W. Saintes.
Cornegliano,t. Italy, Parma; 12 SW. Parma-.
Cornegliano, X. Italy, in Treviso ; 12 N. Tre-
vigio, 35 SW. Udina.
Corneillan, X. France, in Landes ; 6 S. Aire.
Corneille, (La,) X. France, in Orne ; 12 SW.
Falaise. Cornero, X. Italy ; 2 N. Breno.
Corneto, X. Popedom, in the Patrimonio, on
the Marta, near its mouth ; 38 NW. Rome.
Lon. 11. 43. E. Lat. 42. 15. N. Bp. see. Pop.
2,000. Cornelia, t Persia, in Irak ; 80 E. Ispahan.
Cornigliano, X. Piedmont ; 5 WNW. Alba.
Cornigliano, t. Italy ; 15 E. Milan.
Cornillia, X. Genoa ; 5 SW. Spezza.
Cornillon, X. France, in Gard ; 7 SW. Font
St. Esprit.
Cornimont, t. France, in Vosges ; 9 E. Be-
miremont Cornish, p-t. York co. Maine, on the Saco ;
45 N. York, 118 NNE. Boston, W. 560. Pop.
1,088. Cornish, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H., on E. side
of the Connecticut, opposite to Windsor ; 7 N.
Claremont, 15 S. Dartmouth college, W. 540.
Pop. 1,701.
Cornito, X. Naples, in Pricipato Citra; 7 SSW.
Cangiano. Cornito, X. Naples, in Basilicata; 15 SSE.
Potenza. Como, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra; 12 NE.
Aquila. Cornogal, X. Ceylon ; 30 NNW. Candi.
Cornoleda, t. Italy ; 16 N. Bergamo.
Cornom, or Carrion, r. Lower Siam, which
runs into the gulf of Siam, Lon. 100. 20. E. Lat.
8. 43. N.
Cornon, or Pulo Cornon, isl. in the gulf, near
E. coast of Lower Siam, about 30 miles in circ.
Lon. 100. 13. E. Lat. 9. 52. N.

COR

443

COR

Carwmem, t. Italy ; 18 N. Bergamo.
Cornouaille, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire ;
SI W. Angers. H. 240.
Cornouailles, before the revolution, a country
of France, in Bretagne.
Comville, p-t. Somerset co Maine ; 11 ENE.
Norridgewock, 210 NNE. Boston, W. 551. Fpjp.
662. Coraus,t. Sardinia; 18 SE. Bosa.
Cornus, t. France, in Lot ; 10 E. Cahors.
Cornus, X. France, in Aveiron ; 14 E. St. Af-
rique. Pop. 950.
Cornwall, t. Addison co. Vt. ; 46 S. Burling
ton. Pop. 1,120.
Cornwall, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct., on E. side
of the Housatonic; 10 NW. Litchfield ; 38 W.
Hartford, 48 NW. New Haven, W. 339. Pop.
1,662. — A Foreign Mission School was estab
lished here, in 1817, under the direction of the
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
The object of it is to educate heathen children
so that they may be qualified to instruct their
countrymen in christianityand the arts of civ
ilized life. The number of pupils, in 1822, was
34 ; of whom 19 were American Indians, and
9 from the islands ofthe Pacific ocean.
Cornwall, p-t. Orange co. N. Y., on W. side
of. the Hudson ; 58 N. New York. Pop. in
1.810, 1,769 ; in 1820, 3,fJ20. West Point is in
this town ; which see.
Cornwall, the most westerly county of Eng
land, almost an island, being surrounded on all
sides by the sea, except towards the E., where
it is bounded by Devonshire, for the length of
43 miles from N. to S. The general" aspect of
the countiy is dreary and sterile, .with occa
sional fertile valleys. In some places it is al
most 18 miles across ; in others, about 13 ; and
in some not more than 5. The whole length
is about 78 miles. Sq. m. 1,407. Pop. in 1811,
188,117. Families 44,189; 17,465 engaged in
agriculture ; 10,954, in. trade and manufactures ;
15,770 otherwise, it contains 9 hundreds, 201
parishes, and 758,484 acres. The mines of
Cornwall consist chiefly of tin, copper, and
some lead. Cornwall returns 44 members to
parliament, viz. 2 for the county, and 2 each
for 21 boroughs. Launceston is the .capital.
Cornwall, X. U.Canada, on the St. Lawrence,
near St. Regis.
Cornwall Bridge, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct ; 41
W. Hartford, W. 338.
Cornwall Furnace, p-v. Lancaster co. Fa. ;
W. 136.
Cornwall, (JVeMi,,) country, in W. part of N.A.,
bordering on the Paoific ocean, situated NNW.
New Hanover, extending from Gardner's Ca
nal, Lat. 53. 15. to Frederick's sound, 57.5. N.
On this coast are found the Prince of Wales'
Archipelago, Queen Charlotte's Islands, Pitt's
Archipelago, Duke of York's Islands, isl. of Re-
villa Gigedo,and innumerable other smaller ones.
Cornwall is, X. on W. coast of Nova Scotia ;
42 NW. Halifax. Lon. 64. 15. W. Lat 46. 10. N.
Corny, X. France, in Moselle ; 7 S. Metz.
Coro, t. S. A., in Popayan ; 105 SE. Popayan.
Coro, or Venezuela, X. Venezuela, capital of
the province or district of Coro ; 33 leagues
' N. Barquisimeto, 65 NE. Maracaybo, 80 W.
Caraccas. Lon. 69. 40. W. Lat. 11.24.N PPp.

10,000. It is situated on a, dry, sandy plain, oa
an isthmus which divides the lake of Maracaybo
from the Caribbean sea. The streets are regu
lar, but the houses are.mean. The port is indif
ferent, and the commerce of the town is incon
siderable. Coroa, shoals in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Africa ; 15 SW. the island of Pemba.
Coroa de Moma, shoals in the Indian spa,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 16. 50. S.
Coroade St. Antonio, shoals in the Indian sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 16. 5. S.
Corolgotohy,X. Bengal ; 15 ENE. Kishenagur.
Corollada,X. Caraccas ; 10 N. Caraccas.
Coromandel, (Coast of) the E. coast of Hin
doostan along the Carnatic, so called, extend
ing from Cape Calymere, Lat 10. 20. to the
mouth of the Kistnah, Lat. 15. 45. N.
Conn, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 4
WSW. Vihiers. Pop. 2,060.
Conn, (an. Corone, or Corona,,) s-p. Eu. Tur
key, in the Morea, situated on a gulf to which
it giyes name, anciently called the Gulf of
Messene, with a large harbour ; 80. SSW. Co
rinth. Lon. 21. .59. E. Lat. 36. 47. N. Pop.
8,000. Greek abp. see. It carries on some trade
in corn and oil.
Coron, one of the Calamianes Islands. Lon.
120. 21. E. Lat 12. N.
Corona, (La,) X. Italy, Verona ; 14 WNW.
Verona. Coronados, (Los,) cluster of small islands,
consisting of 2 islets and 3 rocks, occupying a
space of about 5 m., in the N. Pacific ocean ; 12
m. from the coast of New Albion. Lat 32.23.N.
Coronata, small isl. near the W. coast of Na
tolia. Loni 27. 10. E. Lat. 37. 3. N.
Coronata, isl. in the Adriatic, 15 miles long,
and 3 broad. Lon. 15. 45. E. Lat. 44. 5. N.
Coronda al Reig, X. Persia, in Irak ; 35 NW.
Ispahan. Corondel, spring of water, or small river of
Arabia Petraea, supposed by some to be the
Marah of foe Scriptures. Near it are some hot
springs, called Humman Pharaoune. It runs
into the Red sea, 50 SSE. Suez.
Coronil, X. Spain, Andalusia; 30 S. Seville.
Coronisi, small isl. oh the coast ofthe Morea,.
in the gulf of Napoli. Lon. 22. 58. E. Lat. 37.
29. N.,
Coronum, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 10 E. Cicacole.
Corooraa, one of the Pelew islands.
Coror, r. Abyssinia, which runs into the Ta-
caze, 30 NW. Amba Salam.
Copreau, X. France, COte-d'Or ; 7 S. Beaune.*
Corpoon's Bay, bay on NW. coast of the isl
and of St. Christopher ; 2 SW. Diep Town.
Corps, X. France, in Isere ; 20 SE. Grenoble.
Pop. ,1,038.
Corpsund les Trois Mains, X. France, in Ille-
and Vilaine ; 9 S. Rennes.
Corpus, t. Guatimala, Nicaragua ; 36 N. Leon]
Corpus-, t. Paraguay, on the river Parana;
180 SE. Assumption.
Corra, (an Alexandria,) X. Persia, in Seges
tan, on the lake Zai-e ; 15 SE. Kin. '
Corra, r. Persia, which runs into the lake
Zare, near the town of Corra, in Segestan.
Corraan, peninsula of Ireland, on W. coast of
(I Mayo, separated from Achil island by a narrow

COR

444

COR

channel. It is about 7 miles from E. to W. and
from 2 to 4 wide.
Corrales, X. Spain, in Leon ; 7 S. Zamora.
Corrans, X. France, in Var ; 3 N. Brignolles.
Correah, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundlah; 8 S.
Belharee. ¦Correga, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 10
NNE. Peniche.
Correggio, X. Italy, and capital of a small
principality in the duchy of Modena ; 10 NW.
Modena, 20 S. Mantua. Lon. 10. 46. E. Lat.
44. 46. N. Pop. 3,500. It is defended by a
castle. From this town the painter, Antonio de
Allegris, took the name of Correggio.
Corregiolo, r. Italy ; 7 S. Mantua.
Correse, X. Popedom ; 12 N. Tivoli.
Correze, dep. France, bounded N. by Creuse,
E. by Puy-de-Dome and Cantal, S. by Lot, SW.
by Dordogne, and NW. by Vienne. It is di
vided into 3 arrondi9sements, Tulle, the capital,
Brlves, and Ussel. Pop. 254,271. Sq. m. 2,280.
Correze, r. France, which rises about 20 miles
NE, Tulle, passes by that town, Correze, Brive,
Sic and joins the Vezere, 3 miles below Brive.
It gives name to a department through which it
passes. Correze, X. France, in Correze, on a river of
the same name; 8 NE. Tulle. Pop. 1,350.
Corriah, X. Hind, in Goondwanahj 45 N.
Nagpour. Corrientes, (Las,) X. Buenos Ayres, in Santa
Fe, at the union of the Parana and Paraguay;
440 N. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 60. 36. W. Lat 27.
50. S. Pop. about 6,000.
Corrientes Bay, see Ensenada de Arenas.
Corrigrua, X. Ireland, in Wexford ; 7 SW.
Newborough. Corrin, X. Persia, Irak ; 80 NW. Ispahan.
Corrina, X. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 411.
Corrofin, X. Ireland, Clare ; 7 NNW. Ennis.
Corropoli, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 38
ftNE. Aquila.
Carry, X. Hind., Calicut : 13 SSE. Telichery.
Corrystown, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y., 46
Albany, W. 418.
Corsairs, cluster of islands in the gulf of En
gia, near the coast of Morea; 5 NW. Cape
Skillo. -Corsano, t. Naples, Otranto ; 3 E. Alessano.
Corsara, small isl. in the Adriatic Lon. 15.
29. E. Lat. 44. 13. N.
Corse, t France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 7 NE.
Angers. H. 400.
Corsee, X. Hind., Bejapore, in Raybaugh, on
the Kistnah. Lon, 74. 50. E. Lat. 16. 40. N.
Corsegoules, X. France, Var ; 13 N. Antibes.
Corsellesj t Switz, in Vaud ; 7 NNE. Lau
sanne. Corseul, t. France, in N<orth-Coasts ; 6 WNW.
Dinan, 13 E. Lamballe.
Corsham, t. Eng., in Wilts, with a weekly
market on Wednesday ; 9 NNE. Bath, 98 W.
London. Pop. 2,395. King Ethelred had for
merly a palace here, and it was once the chief
residence of the earls of Cornwall. It is con
siderable for its woollen manufacture.
Corsiara, t. Persia, in Farsistan; 100 SW.
Schiras. Corsica, called Kyrnon, Kyrnos, or Cyrnosby
the Greeks, and Corsica by tha Romans, isl. in

the Mediterranean, between the territory of
Genoa and the island of Sardinia ; belonging
to France ; about 110 miles in length, and of
unequal breadth. Sq. m. 3,880. Pop. 174,702.
It was for a time formed into 2 departments,
Goto and Liamone, which in 1811, were united
intol. Ajaccio is the capital. The other princi
pal towns are Bastia, Porto Vecchio, and Caliri.
Corsica is covered with mountains. The
principal chain divides the island into 2 une
qual parts; the summits (the 2 highest are
Monte Rotondo 9,900, and Monte d'Oro 8,720
feet high) are covered with snow the most of
the year. It is watered by a multitude of
streams and rivulets. The most noted lakes are
Creno, Ino, and Stagno di Diana. The cold in
winter is intense ; the heat of summer is mod
erated by sea breezes ; putrid exhalations in low
grounds often give rise to fevers. The soil,
though stony, and but little cultivated, is pro
ductive in corn, wine, oranges, lemons, figs, &c,
but the chief wealth consists in oil, chestnuts,
and timber. The fisheries are valuable.
Corsoe, r. Africa, which runs into the Medi
terranean, 22 E. Algiers.
Corsoer, s-p. Denmark, on W. coast of the:
island of Zealand, built on a promontory, which
extends into the Great Belt ; 52 SW. Copen
hagen. Lon. 11. 15 E. Lat 55. 20. N. Pop.
1 ,300. The harbour is excellent for small ves
sels, but not deep. It is defended by a castle
surrounded with ramparts, which serves also as
a magazine for corn.
Corslopium, now Corbridge.
Cortale, X. Hind., near the coast of Malabar ;
8 E. Tellichery.
Carte, t. Corsica ; 27 SW. Bastia. Lon; 9. 9.
E. Lat. 42. 18. N. Pop. 2,092. It is situated in
the centre of the island, at the foot of a rock,
at the conflux of the rivers Restonica h Tavig-
nano ; enlarged and fortified by the French. It
was, during the possession of the island by the
English, made the capital, the seat -of the par
liament, and the residence of the viceroy.
Corte Magiore, X. Piacenza ; 6 W. Piacenza.
Corlegana, t. Spain, in Andalusia; 38 NW.
Seville. ' ¦
Cortellazzo, small isl. near S. coast of Sardinia,
on N. side of the gulf of Cagliari.
Cortellona, X. Italy ; 10 E. Pavia.
Cortemiglia, X. Piedmont, on the river Bormi
da; 4 N. Gorzegno, 16 E. Cherasco. Pop. 1,990.
Part of the town is defended with a wall and
ancient towers ; to the other part, which is
built at the foot of a hill, the river serves for a
wall. It anciently had a large and beautiful cas
tle, now fallen to' decay.
Cortene, fortress, Georgia, situated on a lofty
mountain. In 1403, it was taken by Timur-Bec ;
the commander and garrison were beheaded,
and their wives and children made slaves.
Cortes, X. Spain, Navarre ; 21 from Tudella.
Corlica, small isl. near W. coast of Natolia.
Lon. 27. 11. E. Lat. 38. 7. N.
Corticos, X. Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes ; 9 E.
Mirandella. Cortigiano, t Italy, Padua ; 21 NNW. Padua.
Cortisadas, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 20
NE. Thomar.
Corllandt, see Covdtlandl.

COR

445

COS

Corlona, t. Tuscany, and one of the twelve
ancient cities ; 42 SSE. Florence, 83 N. Rome.
Lon. 11. 58. E. Lat. 23. 16. N. Pop. 4,000. Bp.
see. It has a celebrated academy, and contains
7 churches, built with taste, and adorned with
beautiful paintings, and 12 convents of both
sexes. The walls were constructed of large
blocks of stone, without cement, many parts of
Whinh are in good preservation.
Corturiacum, now Courtray.
Com, r. Brasil, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lon. 40. 10. W. Lat. 3. 12. S.
Conano, mt. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 10 E.
Severina. Corvara, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 23 E.
Aquila. Corvero, X. Spain, Valencia ; 9 NW. Gandia.
Corvey, v. Pru., Westphalia, in Minden, on
W. bank of the Weser ; 14 NW. Gottingen, 24
E. Paderborn. Lon. 9. 24. E. Lat 61. 39. N.
Pop. 53. Here was a celebrated abbey, and this
was the seat of a bishop.
Coningradi, X. Bulgaria ; 5 SW. Nissa.
Corvino, mt. Naples, in Capitanata ; 8 NNW.
Lucera. Corullon, t. Spain, in Leon ; 32 W. Astorga.
Corumbah, t. Hind., in Bahar; 190 WNW.
Calcutta. Coruna, X. Bengal ; 12 SSW. Palamow.
Corunkeer, t. Hind., in Ellichpour; 12 ENE.
Akowla. Corunna, La, (an. Magnus Portus,) s-p. Spain,
in Galicia; of which it is called the capital,
from being the seat of a royal audience, of a
governor-general, and the intendant of the pro
vince ; 28 N. Compostella, 30 -NW. Lugo. Lon.
8. 17. W. Lat. 43. 21. N. Pop. 4,000, exclusive
of the military. Hassel states the whole at
11,000. It is divided into Upper and Lower
Town ; the former situated on the side of a hill
surrounded with walls, and defended by a cas
tle ; the latter, called also Pexaria, is situated
at the bottom of a hill, on a tongue of land,
washed on 3 sides by the waters of the Atlantic.
The town is of a circular form, fortified in the
ancient manner, and contains 1 collegiate and 4
parish churches, and 4 convents. The harbour
is large and safe, and defended by 2 castles. —
A severe battle was fought here,January 14,
1809, by the French, under Soiilt, and the Brit
ish, under Sir John Moore. The latter general
was killed.
Corvo, the most northerly of the Azore isl
ands in the Atlantic, about 4 leagues in circ.
with a small port. Lon. 31. 3. W. Lat. 39. 42.
N. Pop. 738. It is said to have derived its
name from the number of crows found there on
the first discovery.
Corvol Orgueilleuse, t. France, in Nyevre ; 6
SW. Clamecy. Pop. 1,211.
Corns, (an. Cyrrhus,) X. Syria, in the pachalic
of Aleppo ; 15 SW. Antab, 40 NNW. Aleppo.
It was formerly a bishopric, and the see of the
celebrated Theodoret The ruins of the castle
are still visible.
Corway-peak, mt. in Burton, N. H.
Coraien, t North" Wales, in Merionethshire;
10 W. Llangollen, 202 WNW. London.
Corybary, X. Bengal ; 8 S. Calcutta.
Corycus, now Surco.

Corydon, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana, on Indian
creek, 15 miles above its entrance intotheOhio ;
8 E. Blue river, 25 SW. Louisville, 108 S. ' In-
dianopolis,W.647. Pop. in 1819, about 1,000. It
was commenced in 1809, and was for a while the
seat of the state government. Two newspapers
were published here in 1818. In the vicinity
is a cave which produces epsom salt and salt
petre. Coryvrekan, gulf' or bay between the island
of Jura and Scarba, on W. coast of Scotland,
with a dangerous whirlpool.
Cos, see Stanchio.
Cosa, see Coosy.
Cosacs, or Cossacs, or Cosaques, or Kosdks, a
military nation inhabiting the frontiers of the
Russiam empire. There are several divisions
of them, but the Don Cosacs, who inhabit on
the Don and its branches, are regarded as the
principal stock. The countiy of the Don Co
sacs is bounded by the Russian governments
Saratov, Caucasus, Voronetz, Charkov, and
Ekaterinoslav. Pop. 355,261. Sq. m. 81,740.
Tcherkask is the chief town. The country is
in many parts very fertile. It is divided into
112 stanitzas, or cantons ; of which 62 are on
the Don, 9 on the Donetz, 20 on the Choper,
11 on the Medveditza, and 10 on the Bouzou-
look. . The Don Cosacs are of the Greek reli
gion, and are in subordination to the Russian
government, yetjaossess a constitution of their
own, which is at once military and democratic.
They are hospitable, brave, and of very mar
tial appearance. They neglect agriculture, and
derive their support from the breeding of cat
tle, fishing, and trade. They are trained up for
soldiers, and can at any time furnish 50,000
cavalry completely equipped. Their chief is
styled Hetman, i. e. Headman
The Malo-Russian Cosacs, inhabit between
the Dnieper, and the Dneister. They are of
later origin than the Don Cosacs, and are nu
merous. Tchernomorski, or Cosacs of the Black sea,
are a branch of the Malo-Russian Cosacs. They
inhabit a territory of about 1,000 square miles
and their number is stated at 39,395. They are
much less civilized than the Don Cosacs.
TAei Cosacs of Volga have 1,000 men regis
tered for service, and the Grebenskoi Cosacs
have 1,200. .
The Orenburg Cosacs inhabit along the Sa
mara and the Upper part of the Ural, and can
raise 20,000 men.
The Cosacs of the Ural, or Jaik, are supposed
to have 30,000 men fit to bear arms.
The Siberian Cosacs are estimated at 100,000.
t— The whole number of Cosac male popula
tion, in the Russian dominions, is estimated at
500,000 ; of these about 200,000 are liable to
be called upon for government service.
Cosali, r. which rises in the Himmaleh moun
tains N. of Nepaul, and after a SSE. course of
400 miles, joins the Ganges, 45 miles above
Rajemal. Cosale, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 6 SE.
Civita Borella.
Cosalsurar, t. Hind., in Berar; 48 E. Not-
chengong. Cosedley, X. Bengal ; 32 NE. Calcutta.

COS

446'

cos

C'osdaugtt, see Casada Lake.
Coseile, (an. Sybaris,) r. Calabria, which runs
inXo the gulf of Tarento, .Lon. 16. 42. E. Lat.
39. 46. N.
Coseir, (El,) or Cosseir, t. Egypt, on the coast
»f the Red sea ; 90 E. Kene, 250 SSE. Suez.
Lon. 34. 8. E. Lat. 26. 8. N. The houses are
built of clay, and the regular inhabitants are
few, though strangers continually passing, make
the town appear populons. Caravans from
Kous and Kene travelling through the moun
tainous and desolate country, bring hither corn
and other productions of Egypt to be exchang
ed for the coffee of Mocha. The town contains
neither custom house nor magazines. Provis
ions are scarce, and even the butter is brought
from Arabia- Old Coseir is situated about 3
miles to the N. Coseir is supposed by D'An-
pille to he the Prhiloteras Portus of Ptolemy ;
byKreet MyosHormos; and by Sicard Berenice.
Gosel, .or Kosel, X. Pru. Silesia, in Oppeln,
near the Oder, fortified by Frederick II. ; 23
SSE. Oppeln, 32 ESE. Neisse. Lon. 18. 3. E.
Lat 50. 17. N. Pop. 2,269.
tCosenilz, X. Prussia ; 50 ENE. Culm.
.Cosenza, (an Cosentia,) city, Naples, capital
pf Calabria Citra, situated on 7 small hills at
the foot of the Apennines ; 145 SE. Naples.
Lon. 16. 2.7. E. Lat. 39. 22. N. Pop. 8,222. Ahp.
see. The metropolitan is the only church
Within the walls.; but there are three parish
churches in the fauxbourgs. There are 12 con
vents. The environs are beautiful, populous,
And well cultivated, producing abundance of
corn, fruit, oil, wine, and silk. — This town was
anciently the capital of the Brutii, and a place
of consequence in the second Punic war. Co
senza has frequently suffered from earthquakes,
particularly in the year 1638.
Cosepary, X. Carnatic ; 18 NW. Tiagar.
Coseus, X. Arabian Irak ; 80 S. Bagdad.
Casguriachi, X. Mexico, in New Biscay; 115
WNW. Parral.
•Cothabarya, X. Bengal ; 16 S. Kishenagur.
rCoshakan, X. Curdistan ; 30 SW. Betlis.
Coshodon, co. in central part of Ohio. Pop.
?,086. Coshocton, p-t. .h cap. Coshocton c». Ohio,
on E. side of the Muskingum; 28 N by E.
Zanesville, 66 E. by N. Columhus, W. $2.
Cosia di Donna, small isl. near W. coast of
Sardinia; 54 WSW. Bosa.
¦Cosici, X. Italy, in the Friuli ; 6 NE. Friuli.
Cosina, see St. George's Key.
' Cosinissa, small isl. in the Grecian Archipel
ago. Lon. 25. 44. E. Lat. 36. 36. N.
Coslan, small isl. in the English channel, near
the coastof France. Lon. 3. 23. W. Lat. 48.-54.N.
CosU, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria; 25 NE.
Marcenopoli, 52 SSE. Silistria.
Cosliaco, t. Istma ; 12 W. Fiume.
Coslin, see Cosslim.
Cosmaar, X. Bengal ; 22 E. Ramgur.
Cosmin, t. Pru. Fosen ; 16 W. Kalisch. Pop.
1,673. Cosmin, X. Pegu, on an island formed by the
branches of the river Irawaddy, or Ava; 24
ESE. Persain.
Cosmoledo, cluster of rocks and islets, in the
Indian sea. Lon.4g. 30. E. Lat. 9, 40. S.

ffornu, t. Bengal ; 10 NNE. Burwah.
Cosnac, X. France, in Lower Charente, near
the Gironde ; 18 S. Saintes. H. 250.
Come, X. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Nyevre, on the Allier ; 27 N. Nevers.
Lon. 3. 0. E. Lat. 47. 25. N. Pop. 4,907. The
principal trade of the inhabitants is cutlery. In
the environs are mines of iron, and a number
of forges. It was often taken and retaken in
the wars of the 16th century.
Come, X. France, in Allier; 8 S. Cerilly.
Pop. 996.
Cospour, or Cospore, t. capital of the small
district of Cachar, subject to the Birman em
pire ; 376 E. Patna. Lon. 92. 67. E. Lat. 24.
66. N.
Cossacks, see Cosacs.
Cossaijura, t. Bengal ; 24 SE. Midnapour.
Cossay, pr. Asia, in N. part of Ava.
Cosse le Vivier, X. France, in Mayenne; 9
SSW. Laval. Pop. 3,412.
Cosst di Donna, small isl. in the Mediterra
nean, near S. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 8. 20. E.
Lat. 89. 57. N.
Cossibogon,X. Hind., Cicacole; 25E.Kimady.
Cossidea, X. Bengal ; 70 SE. Dacca.
Cossimabad, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 10 N.
Gazypour. Lon. 83. 53. E. Lat. 25. 47. N.
Cossimbazar, t. Bengal, on the river Hoogly,
which surrounds it; 90 N. Calcutta. Lon. 88.
26. E. Lat. 24. 6. N. It is about a mile S. Moor
shedabad, of which capital it may be consider
ed as the port. It is one of the largest inland
trading towns in Bengal, and has long been
famous for its silk manufactures, and is also
noted for its stockings. It lies in a central sit
uation for trade, and has always been the place
of residence for different European factors.
Cossimbazar, or Cossimbuzar, r. Bengal, which
separates from the Ganges about 30 miles be
low Rajemal, passes by Moorsedabad, Cossim
bazar, he. and at Nuldea joins the Jellinghyto
form the Hoogly.
Cossimcotta, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 68 SW.
Cicacole, 80 NE. Rajamundry. Lon. 83. 7. E.
Lat. 17. 40. N.
Cissimpour, pr. Bengal, bounded N.lby'Soo-
rore, and elsewhere by Dinagepour; JO miles
long, and 3 broad.
Cossio, now Bazas.
Cossipour, X. &. fortress, India, in Almora ; 28
N. Rampour, 92 ENE. Delhi. Lon. 79. 20. E.
Lat. 29. 14. N.
Cossipour, t. Hind., Bahar ; 34 WSW. Arrah.
Cosseir, see Coseir.
CossUn, or Coszlin, t. Pru. Pomerania, capital
of a government, on the river Nisbeck, 3 miles
from the Baltic; 28 NNW. NewStettin,'68NE.
Stargard. Lon. 15. 27. E. Lat 54. 9. N. Pop.
3,726. H. 555. The government is divided into
9 circles, and contains 238,884 inhabitants, and
3,480 sq. m.
Cossobamba, X. Quito ; 12 SW. Latacunga.
Cossoevoey, small isl. in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 132. E. Lat. 4. 21. S.
Cossonay, X. Switz., in Vaud, built in theyear
442, and at one time a large town, but now
much reduced ; 8 NW. Nion. Fop. 2,230.
Cossova, (Plains of) tract of Eu. Turkey, in
Servia. Here, in 1386, a battle was fought by

COT

447

COT

the Turks under Amurath I, against the united
forces of the Hungarians, Walachians, he. This
is supposed to be the ancient Campus Merula.
Costa, r. Guinea, which crosses the Ivory
coast, and runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 4. 5. W.
Lat. 5. 15. N.
Costa, t. Switz., in Tesin ; 6 W. Locarno.
Costa, t. Italy ; 20 N- Bergamo.
Costa Alia, t. Italy, Cadorin ; 6 W. Cadore.
Costa Head, cape on N. coast of the island of
Pomona. Lon. 3. 3. W. Lat. 59. N.
Costa Rica, pr. Guatimala, bounded N. by
Nicaragua, E. by the Spanish Main, SE. by Ve-
ragua, and W. and SW. by the Pacific ocean ;
150 miles in length, and nearly as much in
breadth ; it is full of deserts and forests, thinly
peopled, and ill cultivated. A great part of the
inhabitants live independent of the Spaniards.
The principal commerce consists in cattle,
hides, honey, and wax. It has ports in aach
sea. Carthage is the capital.
Costa Rica, r. Guatimala, which runs into the
Escondida, 5 miles from St. Carlos, in Nica
ragua. !
Costainitza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia ; 33 S.
Nissa. Costainitza, or Castanowitz, t. Croatia, on the
borders of Bosnia ; 34 NNW. Banjaluka, 42 SE.
Agram. Lon. 17. E. Lat. 45. 30. N. Pop. 1,074.
Costignola, or Costigliola, t. Piedmont ; 6
SSE. Saluzzo, 8 NNW. Coni. Pop. 2,600.
Costheim, or Kostheim, X. Hesse, province of
the Rhine, on an island in the Rhine, near the
mouth of the Maine ; taken possession of sev
eral times during the siege of Mentz, as a place
of considerable importance ; on the side of the
river opposite to Mentz, 1 mile to the E. Pop.
1,024. Coston's Inlet, channel between two small
isls. of N.J. Lon. 74. 36. W. Lat. 39. 14. N.
Costow, or Costway, r. Eng., which runs into
the Derwent, 2 N. New Malton, in the East
Riding of Yorkshire.
C'oslosa, t. Italy, in Vicenza; 6 S. Vicenza.
It is celebrated for the quarries of beautiful
white marble mentioned by Pliny, one of which
is oval, 3 miles in circumference, near 650
yards long, and 490 broad; this mine has been
gradually dug out, and the excavation formed
within it is supported by upwards of .1,000
square pillars of marble.
Costosa, X. Italy; 11 SW. Verona. '
Coswick, X. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg, on an
eminence near the Elbe, with a chateau ; 6 E.
Dessau, 12 SE. Zerbst. Lon. 12.32. E. Lat. 51.
55. N. Pop. 1,940.
Cosyra, now Pantalaria.
Catabamba, district, Peru, bounded N. by
Abancay, S. by Chilques and Masques, W. by
Chumbivilcas, and NW. by Aimaraez ; 76 miles
from E. to W., and 23 from N. to S. ; moun
tainous and cold. Pop. 10,000.
Cotah, t Bengal ; 36 NW. Burdwan.
Colamangulam, X. Mysore ; 9 E. Colar.
Cotamna, X. Russia, between Novgorod and
Tver, where there are some large blue stones,
which John Basilowitz ordered to be removed
from the sepulchres at Revel, and carried to
Moscow ; but news arriving of his death, they
were nnloaded and left here.

Cotuntin, 'or Coutantin, of Cofenlirtj before
the revolution a country of France, in Lower
Normandy, including the towns of Coutanccs,
Valogne, St. Souveur, Cherburg, Barfleur, G&
rentaii, Ville-Dieu, Granville, &.c.
Cotapam, t. Carnatic; 64 S. Tanjore.
Cotapar, t. Carnatic ; 14 NNE. Ongoli.
Cotate, t. Carnatic ; 15 SSE. Travancore,
Cotaringen, X. Borneo, on S. coast ; 100 Vf>
Banjar Massim.
Cota-Tengah, t, Borneo ; 30 N. Banjar Massin.
Cotatis, or Kutatis, or Cutais, t. Asia, the ca
pital of Irimetta, on the river Riona, containing
about 200 houses, and a palace for the prince ;
110 WNW. Teflis, 160 NNE. Erivan. Lon. 43;
10. E. Lat. 42. 26. N. It is the seat of a Greek
metropolitan, and is an old city with extensive)
ruins. The walls are thick, and it is defended
by strong towers. This is supposed to be the
ancient Cyta,the country of Medea, famous for
its poisonous herbs.
Cotay, t. Peru, in Guamanga ; 24- NW. Guan-
cavelica. Cotbanawer, t. Hind., in Jyenagur ; 18 ESE.
Parasaoli. Cotbus, or Cotibus, or Cotnilz, t. Pru. Lusa
tia, now in Brandenburg, and government of
Frankfort, capital of a circle, on the Spree ; 35
SSW. Frankfort on the Order, 48 NNE. Dres
den. Lon. 14. 22. E. Lat. 51. 46. N. Pop.
6,751. H. 799. It contains a lyceum, and 4 chh.,
3 Catholic, and 1 Calvinist. Pop. of the circle,
30,595. Sq. m. 440.
Cote, (La,) one of the richest, most popu
lous, and most beautiful districts in Switzerland,.
in Vaud, about 15 miles in length, at a little dis
tance from the lake of Geneva ; celebrated for
its wine, which bears the name of the district.
Cote, X. Allahabad ; 27 E. Gazypour.
Cote, t. Allahabad ; 15 SSW. Cnrrab.
Cote Caungra, strong fortress, Hind., Lahore:
105ENE.Lahore. Lon. 75. 42. E. Lat. 32.20. N.
Cote Cossum, X. Delhi ; 18 SE. Rewari.
Cote-d'Or, dep. France, named from a moun
tain, situated to the south of Dijon. It is bound
ed N. by Aube, NE. by Upper-Marne, E. by
Upper-Saone, SE. by Jura. S. by Sadne-and-
Loire, and W. by Nyevre and Yonne. It wa*
formed chiefly out of the province of Burgundy.
The form is irregularly oval ; 65 miles from N.
to S., and from 25 to 50 from E. to W. It is
divided into the arrondissements of Dijon, the
capital, Beaune, Semur, and Chatellon sur
Seine. Pop. 355,436. Sq. m. 3,500.
Cote St. Andre, X. France, in Isere ; celebrat
ed for its wine ; 18 SE. Vienne. Pop. 3,617.
Cote-sans-Dessein, p-t Callaway co. Missouri,.
on N. bank of the Missouri, opposite the mouth
of the Osage, 60 miles below Franklin, 133 by
the river above the Mississippi, 127 W. St.
Louis, W. 1,021. This was first settled by Xhe
French in 1808, and took its name from a re
markable hill or bluff on whioh it is situated..
The bluff extends a mile along the bank of thev
Missouri, rising from the water's edge in the
form of the roof of a house, to the height of
about 150 feet. It is composed of beautiful
rock for building.
Coteaux, (Les,) t. St Domingo, near Cap«
Tiburon. r

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448

COT

Coteckney, r. N. C, which runs into the
Neuse, 20 NW. Newbern.
Coteen, X. Hind., in Cuddapah; 18 NE. Gan-
dicotta. Cotemul, t. Ceylon ; 20 S. Candi. Lon. 81.
E. Lat. 7. 15. N.
Cotes-du-Nord, see North-Coasts.
Coteswould Hills, hills, Eng., in the county
of Gloucester ; remarkable for the number of
sheep fed there, and the goodness of the wool ;
a few miles SE. Gloucester.
Cothen, X. Ger., and capital of Anhalt Co-
then ; 10 E. Bernburg, 12 SW. Dessau Lon.
12. 4. E.. Lat. 51. 47. N. Pop. 5,270. It con
tains 2 churches, 2 schools, and an orphan-
house for Calvinists and Lutherans. Here is
likewise an hospital, and a castle where the
prince resides.
Cothibeb, t. Morocco, in Tedla.
Cothy, r. S. Wales, in Caermarthen, which
runs into the Towey, 3 ENE. Caermarthen.
Cotiari, small island near E. coast of Ceylon ;
20 SSE. Trinkamaly. Lon. 81. 35. E. Lat. 8.
16. N.
Cotiel, X. Borneo ; 140 N. Banjar Massim.
Cotignac, X. France, in Var; 6 E. Barjols.
Pop. 3,277.
Cotignola, X. Italy, in States-of-the-Church ;
25 SSE. Ferrara. It is small, but surrounded
with walls and ditches.
Cotile, p-v. Rapide, Louisiana, 330 New-Or
leans, W. 1,400.
Cotla, X. Hind., in Kitchwana; 22 SSW. Ra-
googur. Cotla, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 40 NW. Poonah.
Colo, or Verhou, X. Africa, on the Slave coast;
16 ENE. Cape Mondego.
Cotoea, X. S. America, in Chiquitos ; 40 NW.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra Nueva.
Cotocache, X. in Otabalo, S. America.
Cotombo, see Tombo.
Cotopaxi, an enormous volcanic mountain
ofthe Andes, in Quito; 35 SSE. Quito, NNE.
Chimborazo. Lat. about 0. 40. S. The form is
the most beautiful of the colossal summits of
the Andes. It is a perfect cone, which, being
covered with an enormous layer of snow,
shines with the most dazzling splendour at the
setting of the sun, and detaches itself in the
most picturesque manner from the azure vault
of heaven. The crater is surrounded by a small
circular wall, which, when viewed through a
telescope, appears like a parapet.
Cotopaxi is the loftiest of those volcanoes of
the Andes, which have been recently liable to
eruption. Its height above the sea is 18,898
feet. It is the most tremendous volcano in
Quito, and its explosions have been most disas
trous, spreading destruction over the surround
ing plains. Remarkable eruptions took place
in 1698, 1738, 1742, 1744, 1766, and 1768; and
one in 1803. In 1698, the eruption destroyed
the city of Tacunga with f ths of its inhabitants,
and other settlements. In 1738, the flames
rose nearly 3,000 feet above the brink of the
crater; and in 1744, its roarings were heard as
far as Honda, on the Magdalena, 600 miles dis
tant. — Humboldt found it difficult to ascend the
mountain, in 1802, as far as to the limit of per
petual snow, and he pronounces it impossible

by any human art to reach the summit. AccoraV
ing to Humboldt, the great mountains of the
Andes are composed chiefly of porphyry.
Cotour, t. Mysore ; 14 W. Vencatighery.
Cotputly, t. Hind., in Mewat; 8 SSW. Delhi,
90 NNW. Agra. Lon. 76. 50. E. Lat. 27. 35. N.
Cotran,X. Sennaar; 55 SW. Gherri.
Cotrona, t. Naples, in Principatro Citra,
founded by a colony of Greeks ; 14 W. Cangiano.
Cotronei, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 10 W.
St. Severina. Pop. 4,640.
Cotrona, see Crotona.
Colrongiano, X. Sardinia; 10 E. Sassarf.
CoMo, t. Saxony, in Meissen ; 4 S. Pirns.
Cotta, t. Bengal ; 18 SW. Goragot
Cotta, or Cottica, X. Hind., in the Nayrs coun
try; 18 SE. Tellichery.
Cotta, X. Golconda; 50 WSW. Rachore.
Cotta, t. Dowlatabad ; 16 E. Koudar.
Coltacotla, X. Cuddapa; 11 SSW. Combam.
Cotlacotta, t. Mysore ; 20 S. Tameredi.
Cotton, X. Little Bukharia, a place of consi
derable trade between the Tartars and the In
dian merchants.
Cottopalam, X. Carnatic ; 22 SE. Nellore.
Cottapilla, t. Hind., in the Carnatic; 26
WNW. Bomrauzepollam.
Cottapilla, X. Mysore ; 25 Rettinghery.
Cottapilly, X. Golconda ; 28 SE. Warangole.
Cottapollam, t. Cicacole ; 10 SW. Cicacole.
Cottapollam, X. Condapilly; 20 N. Condapilly.
Cottapollam, t. Golconda ; 15 S. Culloor.
Cottapollam, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 17 WSW.
Gurramunda. Coltapoloor, X. Hind., in the Carnatic; 31
NE. Bomrauzepollam.
Cotlaseveru, X. Mysore ; 22 S. Tademeri.
Cottenbach, t Bav. ; 3 N W. Bayreuth.
Cotlaput, X. Hind., in Baramaul ; 25 E. Da-
rempoury. Cottee, t Hind., in Berar; 90 S. by W. Patna.
CotRlah, X. Hind., in Mewat; 72 W. Agra,
82 S. Delhi. Lon 77. 7. E. Lat. 27. 24. N.
Cottiwar, circar, Hind, in Guzerat, bounded
N. by Chalawara, E. by Goelwara, S. by Bar-
rea, and W. by Sorut ; about 60 miles long, and
40 broad.
Colton-Gin-Port, Alabama, on the Tombig
bee, at the head of navigation ; 60 S. by W.
Florence. Cotton Port, p-t. h cap. Limestone co. Alaba
ma, on the Limestone, one mile above its en
trance into the Tennessee, about 100 from the
falls of the Black Warrior, 280 N. by W. Ca
hawba, W. 773. The river is navigable to this
place for keel and flat bottomed boats at all
seasons. The town was laid out in 1818.
Cottycoon, X. Bengal ; 45 W. Moorshedabad.
CotooA, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 25 SE. Bettiah.
Cotulah, X. Bengal; 15 SSW. Palamow.
Cotumba, X. Hind., in Bahar, which gives
name to a district; 25 SE. Saseram. Lon. 84.
24. E. Lat. 24. 38. N.
' Cotuy, (El,) t. St. Domingo ; 70 NNE. St.
Domingo, 110 ESE. Cape Francois.
Cotuy, or Yuna, j . Hispaniola, which.passes
by El Cotuy, and empties itself into the bay of
Samara. Cotwally Hossainpour, small province of Ben
gal, S. Dinageppur.

cov

449

cou

Cotyoeum, now Kiutaja.
Cotym, v. Hind., in Travancore ; 18 Aleppie.
This is a station of the church missionary so
ciety, and a college with liberal endowments
has been established near this place, for the
purpose of educating ministers for the Syrian
churches. It is under the direction of the mis
sionaries, and had, in 1820, 25 students.
Cotyore, ancient city, Pontus, on the Euxine
sea ; 616 leagues NW. Babylon.
Cotzio, or Cozzat, t. Bosnio, on the river
Drave ; 104 SW. Belgrade ; 108 SE. Banjaluka.
Cava, t. Portugal, in Beira; 9 NE. Viseu.
Covanore, t. Hind., in Marawar ; 20 SSW.
Tripatore. Couang-yang, t. Corea ; 40 SSE J£ oang-tcheou.
Covarubias, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 16 S.
Burgos. Coubbet Elilmi Veladeb, see Kech.
Coubou, X. on NE. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
99. 55. E. Lat. 2. 18. N.
Coucha-Holun, X. , Thibet; 180 WSW. Tour-
fan. Lon. 84. 24. E. Lat. 42. 52. N.
Couchahar, X. A. Turkey, in the road from
Smyrna to Tocat
Cou-chan, X. Corea ; 85 ENE. King-ki-tao.
Couchetou, X. Thibet; 27 ENE. Acta-Hotun.
Couches, t. France-, in Saonc-and-Loire ; 12
ESE. Autun. Pop. 1,277.
Cou-chi, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 30 ENE. Kou-ang.
Couchoumili, cluster of small islands, in the
Grecian Archipelago ; 5 SE. Stamphalia.
Cottciio, v. Cyprus, with about 10 families,
and some gigantic ruins of a wall, palace, he.
Couco, district, Africa, governed by an inde
pendent king or chief. The country is moun
tainous, but fertile, and is situated between Al
giers and Boujeiah.
Couconda, t. Africa, in the country of Bia-
fares, on the Rio Grande. Lon. 11. 6. W. Lat.
11. 15. N.
Couconda, (Little,) t. Africa ; 30 W. Couconda.
Coucou-tchacsac, X. Thibet ; 12 N. Cha-tcheou.
Coucouron, X. France, in Ardcsche; 27 W.
Privas. Pop. 1,000.
Coucy, X. France, in Aisne, situated on the
Oise, and seat of a tribunal ; 12 W. Laon, 13
ESE. Noyon. Pop. 725. It is divided into
two parts, called Coucy le Chapelle and Coucy
le Chateau.
Cauda, X. Tunis ; 50 S. Tunis.
Coudahully, X. Hind., in Mysore, ceded to
Great Britain in 1799 ; 45 SE. Seringapatam.
Coudel, X. Africa, in the countiy of the Fou-
lis, on the Senegal; 12 SW. Goumel.
.Ctvdray, (Le,) X. France ; 6 NE. Paris.
Coudras, or Coudre, isl. Canada, in the St.
Lawrence, 45 miles below Quebec. Lon. 70.
23. W. Lat. 47. 23. N.
Coudures, t. France, in Landes; 3 S. Gre
nade. Pop. 834.
Cot>e, t. Ireland, in Cork ; 9 N. Cork. It is
a considerable and handsome town, and a great
resort of fleets during war.
Covelo, see Covolo.
Covelong, X. Hind., in the Carnatic, on the
sea coast ; 20 S. Madras.
Coventry, X. Orleans co. Vt, at S; end of lake
Memphremagog, and is watered by Black river;
60 NNE. Montpelier. Pop. 282.
Vol.1. 57

Coventry, t. Grafton co., N. H. ; 9 E..Haver-
hill. Fop. 315r
Coventry, t. Kent co. R. I.; 15 SW. Provi
dence. Pop. in 1810, 2,928 J in 1820, 3,139.
It is watered by the Pawtuxet, and contains 10
cotton manufactories and a paper mill. On the
south branch ofthe Pawtuxet there is a village
containing 3 cotton manufactories, and about
40 dwelling houses.
Coventry, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. ; 18 E. Hart
ford, W. 354. Pop. 2,058. It contains 3 con
gregational parishes, is well watered by the
Willimantic and Skungamug, head branches of
the Quinibaug, has a glass manufactory, a
cotton manufactory, and 2 paper mills. Wan-
gumbog pond or lake, in this town, is 2 miles
long, and 1 broad.
Coventry, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. ; 7 W. Je
richo, W. 333. Pop. 1,431.
Coventry, X. Chester co. Pa., on S. side ofthe
Schuylkill, opposite Pott's grove Pop. 1,977,
Coventry, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 400.
Coventry, city, Eng., in Warwickshire ; IS
SE. Birmingham, 48 NW. Oxford, 91 NNW.
London. Lon. 1. 30. W. Lat. 52. 24. N. Pop.
17,923. H. 3,448. Though situated in War
wickshire, it constitutes, in conjunction with
adjacent villages, a separate county. It is an
ancient town, and was once a bishop see, now
transferred to Litchfield ; the bishop being styl
ed bishop of Litchfield and Coventry. It has 3
parish churches, one of which, St. Michael's,
has one of the most elegant towers in England,
136 feet high ; 5 meeting houses for Dissenters,
a free school, he. The streets are generally
narrow, and the houses of ancient architecture.
The principal manufactures are ribbons and
watches., which are very extensive. In 1808
there were 2,819 silk and ribbon looms. It
sends 2 members to parliament; market on
Friday ; and several annual fairs. The Oxford
and Coventry canals afford great facilities for
commerce. CoveripavJc, X. Hind, in the Carnatic ; 9 E.
Arcot It is remarkable for a victory obtained
by the British under Col. Clive over the French
and Indians in 1754 ; the French threw down
their arms, and surrendered prisoners of war.
Coveriporum, fortress, Hind., in the Mysore
countiy, situated on W. side of the Cauvery ;
60 NNE. Coimbetore, 65 SE. Seringapatam.
Lon. 77. 54. E. Lat. 11. 49. N.
Covert, X. Seneca co. N. Y., on W. side Se
neca lake ; 15 NW. Ithaca, 20 S. Waterloo.
Pop. 3,439.
Coueron, X. France, in Lower-Loire ; 7 W.
Nantes, Pop. 2,500.
Couesnon, r. France, which runs into the
Authion by two streams, near Beaufort, in
Mayne-and-Loire. Couesnon, r. France, which runs into the
English Channel, Lon. 2^33. W. Lat. 48. 30. N.
Couet, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 5 SW. Del-
mont. Coufa, X. Arabian Irak ; 122 S. Bagdad.
Cougan, t. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 18 N. Pa. ¦¦¦>¦¦
Cougin-pe, post of Chinese Tartary ; 30 S.
Tchahan Soubarkan.
Couhi Verac, X. France; in Vienne ; 9 SSE
Luzignan. Pop. 1,221.

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450

COU

Couheston, or Cohesion,' fir . Persia, bounded
N. by Chorasan, SE. by Segestan, SW. by Irak,
and NW. by Comis ; abbot 220 miles in length,
and from 80 to 150 in breadth.
Covilhao, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 18 SW. Guar
da. Pop. 3,500. It has woollen manufactures
and warm baths.
Covin, see Couvin.
Covington, p-t. Genesee eo. N. Y. ; 20 SE.
Batavia, W. 371. Pop. 2,144.
Covington, p-t. Tioga co. Pa. ; 133 Harrisburg,
W, 252. Pop. 555. ,
Covington, X. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 90.
Covington, p-t. Campbell co. Ken. ; separated
from Newport by Licking river, on the Ohio,
opposite Cincinnati ; W. 505. It is very finely
situated, and the streets are so planned that
they appear to be a continuation^ of those of
Cincinnati. Covington; p-t. St. Tammany's parish, Louisi
ana, on lake Ponchartrain ; 33 New Orleans;
W. 1 107. It is a place of some trade.
Covington, co. Mississippi. Pop. 2;230.
Covington, p-t. Botetourt co. Va. ; 220 Rich
mond, W. 260.
Covington, p-t. h cap. Washington co. Illi
nois, 46 Vandalia, W. 812.
Couir, see Cui.
Coulaba, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the coast of Malabar; 2 E. Bombay.
Coulam, X. Tinevelly, on S. coast of Hind. ;
15 NE. Cape Comorin. Lon. 77. 20. E. Lat. 8.
10. N,
Coulan, (an. Colis, or Coliasj s-p. Hirtd.,on
the coast of Malabar, in the Travancore county,
situated on a navigable river, with a good har
bour; 52 NW. Travancoret Lon. 76. 34. E.
Lat. 8. 54. N. It is a place of considerable
trade. Herbert says, that at one time, it con
tained 100,000 inhabitants. On the sea-coast
between Coulam and Sadras are situated 7
temples which are reckoned master-pieces of
Indian architecture, being cut out pf the hardest
rock. Coulanges les Vineusez, X. France, in Yonne ;
6. S. Auxerre ; celebrated for its vineyards.
Fop. 1,654.
Cowiunges sur Yonne, X. France, in Yonne ;
15 S. Auxerre. Pop. 1,068.
Coulans, X. France, in Sarte ; 7 E. Le Mails.
H. 260.
CouLasgur, t. Carnatic ; 17 E, Arcot.
Coulding's Harbour, bay on W. coast of N. A. ;
15 N. Portlock's harbour.
Coulemu, or Coulemo, X. Chili, capital of
Rata, on the Itata. Lilt. 36. 2. S. It is a small
place. Couleuvre, X. France, in Allier ; 6 NE. Cerilly.
Pop. 1;250.
Coulibceuf, X. France, in Calvados ; 5 ENE.
Falaise. Coulibaiii, X. Dominica, on W. coast; 16 S.
Portsmouth. Lon. 61. 29. W. Lat. 15. 30. N.
Coulney, or Fuulney, i . Eng., which runs into
the Ouse, in Yorkshire.
Coulombiers, (Les,) X. France, in Vienne ; 4
NE. Lusignan.
Coulombs, X. France, in Eure-and-Loire, near
Nogent le Roi.
Cou-lommitn, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne,

and seat of a tribunal ; 24 NNW. Provins ; 30
NE. Melun. Pop. 3,533.
Coulon;or Dalai, large lake, Chinese Tartary
in the country of the Kalkas. Lon. 116. 54. E.
Lat. 49-. N.
Coulongi, t. France, in Aisne ; 13 NE. Cha
teau Thierry.
Coulonges les Royavx, t. France, in Two-
Sevres ; 10 NNW. Niort. Fopi 1,720.
Coulonghe, t. France, in Orne ; 7 NE. Dom-
front. H.270.
Coulons, t. France, in Loiret ; 7 SW. Gien.
Coultschi, t . Thibet ; 15 W. Dharmsaleh.
Goumour, post of Chinese- Tartary. Lon. 126.
17. E. Lat. 49. 38. N.
Couna, of Coyna, t. Portugal1, in Estramadu
ra ; 6 SSE. Lisbon-.
Council Bluffs, military post belonging to th*
U. S. on E. bank of the Missouri, about 50
miles above the junction of the La Fratte, and
650 above the junction of the Missowi-with the-
Mississippi. Lon. 96. 42. W. Lat. 41. 31. N. It
is an important station, the highest up the Mis
souri, that is occupied by the United States as
a military position.
Counda, X. Hind, in PalnSud ; 14 W. Thn-
ercotta. Country Harbour, t. Nora-Scotia ; 60 E.
Halifax. Covolo, fortress, Tyrol, to. guard a jtass in the
road from Germany to RaJy, on the Brente,
and borders of the Veronese, where the Aus-
triansrwere defeated by the French, in Septem
ber, 1796; 20 N. Vicenza, 23 E. Trent.
Covorden,or Koevorde; city, Nefh.,in Drenthe ;
45 S. Embderi, 60 NE. Arnheim. Lon. 6. 33. E.
Lat. 52. 42. N. Fop. 1,533. It is one of Xhe
strongest places in Netherlands!, forming the
Key to Groningen, Overissel;, and Friesland.
The fortress is in the form of a pentagon, and
is accounted the chef d'eeuvire of the celebrated
Cohorn. Coundour, t. Hind, in Gboty; 13 S. Goofy.
Coupang, X. Timor, where the Dutch have a
settlement. Lon. 123. 28. E.' Lat. 10. 10. S. It
is situated in a large bay, which affords an ex
cellent road for shipping.
Coupele, defile, in the mountain, between
Hindoostan and Thibet, E. of the Ganges, near
Loldong. Here was a celebrated pagode, which
was taken by Timur-Bec.
Coupiac, t. France, in Aveiron ; 18 E. Alby.
Couplrain, X. France, in Mayenne; 7 N.
Vilaine. Pop. 409.
Cour, X. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 9 S.
Blois. Coura, r. Portugal, which runs into the 'Due
ro, 4 NE. Lamego.
Couradiej t. Hind., in Bahar ; 22 S. Arrah.
Courantin, or Corentin, r. Guiana, which flows
into the Atlantic, Lon. 56. 26. W. Lat. 6. 5. N.
Its entrance is about a league wide, but it is
shallow, and crowded with quicksands.
Courbali, X. Africa, in the countiy of Baifares.
Lon. 14. 13. W. Lat. II. 45. N.
Courbau-ajaton, post of Chinese Tartary, in
the country of tbe Kalkas. Lon. 107. 48. E. Lat.
42. 24. N.
Courbeville, t. France,- in Mayenne ; 7 SW.
Laval. H.250.

cou

451

COU

Courcelle, t France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 6
NW. Bapaume.
CotXrcetles, t. France, in Upper-Marne ; 12 S.
Langres. Courchamp, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;
4 SW. Saumur,
Courchier, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 42 NW.
Ongole. Courciti, X. France, in Mayenne ; 15 E. Ma
yenne, 10 NNE. Ervy. H. 350.
Courcon, t. France, in Yonne ; 12 S. Auxerre,
18 E. St. Fargeau. Fpp. 1,200.
Cwreouton, X. Thibet ; 46 NE. Tosun-Hotun.
Courdemange, t France, in Marne ; 3 S. Vitry
le Francois.
Coure, post, Chinese Tartary. Lon. 123. 51.
E. Lat 46. 2. N.
i Courgains, X. France, Sarte ; 18 N. Le Mans.
Coufgegur, t. Hind., Mysore ; 17 W. Sirpy.
Courgis, t. France, Yonne ; 5 E. Auxerre.
Courgieaux, t. France, in Marne; 9 WSW.
Sezanne. Courgna, X. Piedmont, on the Oreo ; 10 SW.
Ivrea. Courland, formerly a duchy dependent on
Poland, but since 1795, a government of Rus
sia, bounded N. by the gulf of Riga and Livo
nia, E. by Polotsk, S. by Wilna, and W. by the
Baltic Pop. 450,000. Sq. m. 10,800. It was
formerly divided into Courland Proper, Semi-
gallia, and the bishopric of Pitten- It is how
divided into 5 circles; Mittaw, the capital,
Selburg, Tuckum, Goldingen, and Hasenpoth.
Other towns are Libau, Windau, Swikum, and
Jaeobstadt. Amber is found on the coast.
Though cultivation is backward, the soil is fer
tile, and produces .good corn, and great quanti
ties of excellent flax. The woods abound with
bears, wolves, and ejks. The religion is chiefly
'Lutheran. Courle, France, in Two-Sevres ; 15 SW-
Thouars. Courlin Islands, two small islands near the W.
coast of Scotland ; 4 E. island of Scalpa.
Courmetou, X. Thibet; 22 W. Orto.
CourmonteroZ, t. France, in Herault ; 5 W.
Montpellier. 'Cournillion, t. France, in Drome-; 12 S. Die.
Cournon, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 2 W.
Billon. Pop. 2,124.
Couronne, (La,) X. France, in Charente ; 3
>SW. Angouleme. It is celebrated for its man
ufacture of paper.
Couroullac, X. Thibet ; 12 SW. Harchar.
. Cqurpiac, X. France, in Gironde ; 9 NE. Ca
dillac. Courpiere, X. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 18 E.
.Clermont Ferrand. Pop. 3,168.
Cours, X. Dar-Fur ; 12 NNW. CobbeV
Coursan, X. France, in Aude ; 3 N. Narbonne.
Pop, 1,500.
Coursegmdes,X. France, Var; 6 N. St. Paul.
Courson, t. France, in Lower-Charente; 12
W. Rochelle. Pop. 800.
Courson, X. France, Yonne ; 10 SW. Auxerre.
Court of Aldermen, cluster of small islands,
/Or rocks, near E. coast of New Zealand, in the
S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 183. 37. W. Lat. 36. 57.
S, They lie in the compass of about half a
league every way, and 5 leagues from the main ;

between which and these lie other islands,4post
of them barren rocks, of which there is a great
variety ; some of them are inhabited.
Courla, fort, Hind., in Bahar; 22 SE. Dur-
bungah. Lon. 86. 26. E. Lat. 26. 1. N.
Cov/rlableau, r. Louisiana, which is formed by
Bayou Crocodile, and Bayou Boeuf, and joins
Atchafalaya, about 30 W Baton Rouge.
Courlallum, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 1,6
WNW. Tritchinopoly. .
Courlallum, t. Carnatic ; 30 NE. Tanjore.
Courtanvaux, X. France, in Loir-and-Cher ;
12 W. Vendflme.
Courlenay, X. France, in Loiret ; 13 SW. Sens.
Pop. 2,485.
Courteron, X. France, in Aube ; 6 S. Bar-sur-
Seine. Courthezon, X. France, Mouths-of-the-Rhdne,
situated on the Seille ; 3 S. Orange. Pop. 2,364.
Courtine, (La,) X. France, in Creuze ; 12 S-
Felletin. Courlison, t. France, in Marne ; 6 NE. Cb&-
lons-sur-Marne. Courtland, co. N. Y. ; bounded N. by Onon
daga co., E. by Madison and Chenango cos,, S.
by Broome co., and W. by Tompkins and
Cayuga cos. Pop. in 1810, 8,808; in 1820,
16,507. Chief Town, Homer.
Courtland, p-t. West Chester co. N. Y., on
the Hudson ; 40 N. New York. Pop. in 181Q,
3,054; in 1820, 3,421. The village of Peekskill
is in this township.
Courllund,,p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y. ; 146 Alba
ny, W. 385.
Courtland, p-t. Lawrence co. Alabama, 277
Cahawba. W. 806.
Courtlary, x. Switz., Berne ; 7 NW. Bienne.
Courtmacshery Bay, bay on S. coast of Ire
land, and county of Cork. Lon. 8. 40. W. Lat.
51. 36. N.
Courtomer, t. France, in Orne ; 5 E. Seez.
Pop. 800.
Courtonne la Ville, X. France, in Calvados ;
6 SE. Lisieux.
Courlray, or Cortryck, (an. Corluriacum,) X.
Neth., in West Flanders ; 22 SW. Ghent, 24 S.
Bruges. Lon. 3. 16. E. Lat. 50. 49. N. Pop.
12,982. H. 2,000. . It is situated on the river
Lys, and celebrated for its manufacture of table
linen and lace.
Courtwright, p-t. Fairfield co. Ohio; 118 Co
lumbus, W. 416.
. Courville, X. France, in Eure-and-Loire, on
the Eure; 7 W. Chartres. Pop. 1,381.
Courzieux, t. France, Rhone ; 10 W. Lyons.
Coms, see Kous.
Cousa, r. Africa, which rise's in Congo, and
runs into the Atlantic, Lat. 7. 5. S.
CoMamvor Cousha, X. Little Bukharia, which
was taken and plundered by Timur-Bec ; 70
ENE. Acsu.
Cousance, t. France, in Jura; 10 S. Lons le
Saunier. Pop. 1,152.
Couset, see Ruse!.
Coussay, X. France, Vienne ; 10 SSE. Loudon.
Caussergues, t. France, in Aveiron ; 29 SE.
Rhodez. Coussey, X. France, in Vosges ; 3 N. NeuteM-
teau. Pop. 700.
Cousson, v. France, which runs into the Loire,
near Blais.

cow

452

COX

Coautahou, X. Thibet ; 25 E. Manas-Hotun.
Coutances, (an. Constantia,) city, France, and
capital of a district in dep. of Channel; 33
WSW. Bayeux. Lon. 1. 26. W. Lat. 49. 3. N.
Pop. 8,507. Bp. see. It contains a cathedral,
2 churches and a hospital, but is indifferently
built. The principal, trade is in grain, butter,
and cattle. There are manufactures of woollen
and linen cloth. The cathedral is accounted
one ofthe finest Gothic edifices in Europe.
Cou-tcheng, X. Corea ; 37 SW. Tsin-tcbeou.
Cou-lching, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-Ii; 18 SSW. King.
Cou-tching, X. Corea ; 22 SSE. Koang-tcheou.
Cou-tching-keon, small Chinese island. Lon.
120. 14. E. Lat. 35. 55. N.
Couterne, X. France, in Orne ; 60 SE. Dom-
front Pop. 270.
Cou-tien,t. China, of the third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 32 SSE. Kier.-nhing.
Coutoudou-Hotun, t. Chinese Tartary ; 225
E. Peking. Lon. 111. 23. E. Lat. 40; 28. N.
Coutour, X. Hind., in Dindigul ; 6 N. Oolam-
paleam.
, Cbutras, X. France, in Gironde, situated at
the conflux of the file and Drilme ; 9 NNE.
Libourne. Pop. 3,060. In October 1585, a bat
tle was fought here between the Catnolics, tin
der the Duke de Joyeuse, and the Huguenots,
commanded by the king of Navarre, afterwards
Henry IV. in person, when the latter obtained
a complete victory.
Coutreki, t. Arabia, in Oman, on the sea coast.
Lat. 20. 58. N.
Couture, (La,) t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ;
4 NE. Bethune. Pop. 2,140.
Couture d'ArgenSon, X. France, Two-Sevres ;
24 SE. Niort
Couvertoirade, X. France, in Aveiron ; 12 SE.
Milhau. Couvignon, X. France, in Aube ; 3 WSW. Bar
sur Aube.
Couvin, or Cuivin, t. Netherlands, in Liege ;
15 SSW. Liege. Pop. 2,539.
Couxea, X. Upper Guinea, in the countiy of
Sierra Leone. Lon. 9. 24. W. Lat. 7. 30. N.
Cou-yang, X. Corea; 5 SW. Tsin-tcheou.
Couzon, t. France, Ardennes; 0 SE. Sedan.
Cow, rock on S. coast of Ireland, about a
mile E. the Bull. Lon. 10. 7. W. Lat. 51.32. N.
Con) Island, small isl. in Paik's Passage, be
tween the continent of Hindoostan and Cey
lon. Lon. 79. 50. E. Lat. 9.37. N.
Cow Island, see Buffalo Island.
Coir, or Cowmull, r. Hind., which runs into
the Sind, 30 miles below Attock.
Cowal, district, Argylesbire, extending as a
peninsula betwen Loch Fine and the Frith of
Clyde. * Cow and Calf rocks, near the E. coast of
Ireland, in Dundrum bay ; 4 W. St. John's point.
Lon. 6. 40. W. Lat. 54. 13. NJ
Cow and Calf, rocks, at S. entrance of the
English channel, on the coast of Cornwall.
Lon. 5. 2. W. Lat. 50. 33. N.
Cow and Calf, two small islands in the E.
Indian sea. Lon. 93. 45. E. Lat. 14. 51. N.
Cow's Bay, bay of the Atlantic, on the coast
of Benguela.
^ Cow Pasture River, r. Virginia, which ruhs
into James river in Botetourt co.

Coway Slakes, place of England, near Cbert-
sey, where Ca?sar is said to have passed the
Thames. Cowbridge, X. S. Wales, in Glamorgan, with
a weekly market on Tuesday ; 12 W. Cardiff,
176 WNW. London. Pop. 850. The Easter
quarter sessions for the county are held here. ,
Cowda, X. Africa, in Tunis; 5 NW- Tunis.
Cowdersporl, p-t. h cap. Potter co. Fa. ; 40 W.
Wellsborough, 177 NNW. Harrisburg, W. 280.
Cowee, t. of the Cherokees, on the Tennes
see. It contains about 100 families.
Coweliske, r. N. America, which runs S into
the Columbia,' 100 miles above its entrance into
the Pacific ocean. It is 150 yards wide, deep
and navigable for some distance.
Cowen, r. Wales, which runs into the Tave,
in the county of Caermarthen.
Cowes, s-p. on N. coast of the Isle of Wight,
situated on the river Meden, which divides it
into E. and W. Cowes ; 9 WSW. Portsmouth,
10 SSE. Southampton. West Cowes fort is sit
uated Lon. 1. 19. W. Lat. 60. 46. N. Pop. 2,664.
The harbour is as safe as any in the British
channel, and by far the most convenient for
vessels bound to Holland, and the east coun
tries ; and is much frequented by ships to repair
damages sustained at sea, and to water, until
the season permits them to proceed on their
respective voyages.
Coweta, p-t. on W. side of Georgia, on the
Chatahooche, W. 799.
Cowie, r. Scot, which runs into the sea a lit
tle N. of Stonehaven, in Kinkardineshire.
Cowie, X. Scot, in Kincardineshire, erected
into a burgh of barony by Malcolm Canmnre ;
2 N. Stonehaven. Near it are the remains of
an ancient castle.
Cowie, (El,) X. Nubia ; 10 S. Terfowir.
Cowishar, t. Thibet. Lon. 80. 40. E. Lat. 32.
10. N.
Cowkparah, X. Bengal ; 40 W. Midnapour.
Cowl, or Coel, t. Hind., in Agra; 45 NNE.
Agra. Cowl Diirga, or Doorg, X. fsfort, Hind., in the
district of Bednore. Lon. 75. 11. E. Lat. 13.37.
N. H. 200.
Cowley, one of the Gallapagos islands, in the
Pacific ocean, situated on the equinoxial line.
Cowlewdroog, X. Hind., Bednore ; 6 S. Bednore.
Cowmul, r. Afghanistan, which rises W.Ghiz-
ni, and after a course of 190 miles, joins the
Indus. Cowpens, place in Union co. S. C, between
the Pacolet and Broad river ; famous for the
defeatof the British under Col. Tarleton, by the
Americans under Gen. Morgan, Jan. ll',»1781.
Cowper's Hill, p-v. Robeson co. N. C. ; 92
Raleigh, W. 341.
Cowra, X. Bengal ; 10 miles from Koonda.
Cowreea, X. Bengal ; 10 W. Rogonalpour.
Cowtab, X. Hind., Oude ; 16 ESE- Lucknow.
Cowyat, X. Burmab, on the Irawaddy ; 35 W.
Ava. Coxackie, p-t. Greene co. N. Y., on W. side
of the Hudsbn ; 8 N. Catskill, 20 S. Albany,
W. 341. Pop. 2,355. The village of Coxackie
is about a mile west of the river.
Coxova, t. on W. coast of the island of Lu
can. Lon. 120. 47. E. Lat. 16. 54. N.

CRA

453

CRA

Coxwyck, X. Norway ; 44 NNE. Romsdal.
Coya, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5. 12. W. Lat! 58. 5. N.
Coy arna, X. Popayan ; 115 NNE. Popayan.
Coyau, v. Tennessee, on the river Tennessee,
30 miles below Knoxville.
Coyba, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the cOast
of Mexico ; 12 miles long, and 5 broad. Lat. 7.
58. N.
Coyeah, X. Hind., Oude ; 24 SW. Kairabad.
Coyegem, X. Flanders ; 6 S. Courtray.
Coygach Point, see Ru More.
Coyl, r. Hind., which rises 20 N. Nagpour, in
the province of Bahar, and joins the Soane, 34
S. Conjoor ; they both together form the Braro-
ne, 10 miles above the bay of Bengal. Length
270 miles.
Coyna, see Couna.
Coypu, r. Chili, which runs into the Ralema,
near Puren.
Coyr, X. Hind., in Berar; 60 N. Berar.
Coyron, mt. France, in Ardeche, which gives
name to a district.
Coytlastla, X. Mexico, in Vera Cruz ; 15 NW.
Vera Cruz.
Coz, X Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes ; 12 SW.
Leyria. Cozachi, X. Mexico, in New Biscay ; 140 NW.
Parral. Cozi, X. France, Lower Charente ; 12 SSW.
Saintes. Pop. 1,889.
Cozumel, isl. N. A. near E. coast of Yucatan,
inhabited by native Indians ; the country is
fertile, and abundant in fowl and cattle ; 40
miles long, and from 3 to 10 wide. Lon. 87.
58. W. Lat. 19. 56. N.
Cozza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia ; 30 SSE.
Bosna Serai.
Cozzano, X. Corsica; 21 E. Ajaccio.
Cozzo, X. Sardinian Milanese ; 9 SW. Vige-
vano, 16 S. Novara.
Crab Island, see Bieka.
Crab Island, small isl. at the mouth of the
river Cambodia, near the coast of Chiampa.
Lon. 106. 27. E. Lat. 10. 15. N.
Crab Orchard, p-v. Preston co. Va. ; W. 195.
Crab Orchard, p-t. Lincoln co. Kentucky, W.
of Dick's river ; '25 SE. Danville, W. 609.
Crab Valley, bay on W. coast of the island of
Antigua ; 2 S. Reed point.
Crabbenda, v. Holland ; 8 N. Alcmaer.
Cracatoa, isl. in the E. Indian sea. This is
the southernmost of a group of islands in the
entrance of the strait of Sunda, about 3 leagues
in circ. Cracatoa is esteemed very healthy in
comparison with the neighbouring countries.
Lon. 105. 36. E. Lat. 6. 6. S.
Cracau, X. Magdeburg ; 2 ESE. Magdeburg.
Crach, fortress, Arabia Petraea, built in the
twelfth century, by a Saracen lord, on the site
of the ancient Petra.
Crackerout, X. Prussia ; 25 SSW. Memel.
Cracow, X. Naples, Basilicata ; 8 NNW. Tursi.
Cracow, (an. Cracovia, and Corrodunum,) free
city, Poland, near the borders of the kingdom
of Poland, Galicia, and Silesia, on the Vistula
at the junction of the Rudowa ; 128 SSW. War
saw, 125 SE. Breslaw, 150 NE. Vienna, 264 S.
Konigsberg. Lon. 19. 57. E. Lat. 50. 4. N. Pop.
in 1810, 26,736. H. 1,776. Bp. see. It is situ

ated in an extensive plain, and when viewed
from a distance its steeples and antique towers,
its castle and wide space covered by buildings,
convey the impression of an extensive city;
but these vestiges of antiquity are unoccupied.
The great ditch of the ramparts is choaked with
mud and filth ; the streets are crooked, and
badly paved; the houses, though massy and
spacious, are in many instances decaying.
It has' 3 suburbs, one of which, Casimir; lies
on the opposite side of the river, and is inhab
ited chiefly by Jews. The cathedral, dedicated
to St. Stanislaus, contains the tombs of the an
cient Polish kings, and formerly contained the
crown jewels and regalia. It is well situated
for commerce. The articles of trade consist of
wood, fish, Hungarian wine, wax, honey, and
linen cloth. It was founded in the 13th centu
ry, and is said to have once contained 70,000
inhabitants. Here is an university, formed in
1346, which ranks as the first in Poland, con
sisting of 4 faculties, and having the supervi-
sorship of 14 grammar schools dispersed through
the city. — Cracow was made a free city by the
Congress of Vienna in 1815. The territory at
tached to it includes 413 sq. miles, and 61,000
inhabitants. The government is republican,
and the religion Catholic.
- Cradley, X. Eng., in Worcestershire ; 5 NE.
Stourbridge. Pop. 1,434.
Cradoo, X. Africa, on the Slave coast. Lon. 3.
10. E. Lat. 6. 30. N.
Craftsbury, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 35 N. Mont
pelier, W. 550. Pop. 605.
Craiburg, X. Bav. ; 10 NE. Wasserburg. Pop.
645. Craich, r. Ger., which runs into the Rhine,
opposite to Spire.
Craig-Alvie_ mt. Scot., in SW. part of the
county of Murray, a little N. the river Spey.
Craigan, mt. Scot, in Perth ; 15 NW. Perth.
Craigbenyon, mt. Scot., in Ferth ; 3 NE. Cal-
lender. Craigchonichan, place, Scot., near Kincar
dine, in Ross-shire, where the marquis of
Montrose was defeated by Col. Strachan.
Craig Davie, or Bervie Brow, cape, Scot, on
E. coast of the county of Kincardine. Lat. 66.
49. N.
Craigendive, small isl. near W. coast of Scot
land ; 4 E. the island of Jura.
Craiggag Point, cape, Scot., on E. coast of
the county of Sutherland; 16 NE. Dornoch.
Lon. 3. 38. W. Lat. 58. 3. N.
Craig-Leith, small isl. Scot., in the Forth, 1
N. Berwick. Lon. 2. 46. W. Lat. 56. 5. N.
Craig Logan, cape, Scot., on the NW. ex
tremity of the county of Wigton; 9 NNW.
Strathrawer. Craigmillar Castle, ancient fortress, Scot.,
once a royal castle ¦, 3 S. Edinburgh.
Craig-Phadric, conical hill, Scot., 1,150 feet
high ; 2 NW. Inverness. The summit is sur
rounded by a rampart 220 feet long, and 110
broad, the stones of which are firmly connect
ed by vitrified matter. The approach to the
top is by a road 10 feet broad, cut out of the
solid rock.
, Craigow, mt. Scot., in Inverness ; 18 E. Fort
Augustus.

CRA

454

CRA

CraU, X. Scot., in Fifeshire ; 18 SE. St. An
drews, 39 NE. Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 37. W. Lat.
&6. 1'6. N,. Pop. 1,650. It was erected into a
Wgh by Robert Bruce ; situatedat N. entrance
of the frith of Forth.
Crailing,v.h parish, Scot.,. in Roxburghshire ;
? S. Kelso. Pop. 695.
Crain, or Crainburg, X. Carniola, on the Save ;
20 W. Laybach, 20 N. Trieste. Lon. 14. 11. E.
Lat. 46. 20. N. Pop. 1,400. It contains five
churches and a convent It was formerly the
residence of the margraves, who received their
title from the town. In it is a citadel.
Crainberg, mt. Carniola , 6 NW. Feldes.
Craimfeld, X. Upper Hesse ; 14 W. Fulda.
CrakaUy'or ¦Croka, t. Saxony, in Meissen ;. 19
NNE- Dresden. Pop, 200.
Crakaiu, t. Prussia; 10 NNW. Marienburg.
Crake, t. Eng., which rises in the part of
Lancashire called Furness, and joins the Leven, ;
at its mouth.
Crakenish Point, cape, Scot., on W. coast of
the island of Skye. Lon. 6. 19. W. Lat.57. 14. N.'
CraliovaveUka, X. Sclavonia, on an island
formed by a small river, near the Save ; 52 E.
•Calstadt, 156 S. Vienna. Lon. 17. 40. E. Lat.
45. 44. N.
Cramahe, t. Upper Canada, on N. side of
lake Ontario.
Cramentan, X. S. coast of Borneo. Lon. 114.
48- E. Lat. 3. 13. S.
Cramlow, t. Poland ; 32 NW. Cracow.
Cramond, (an. Alalena,) X. h parish, Scot.,
in the county of Edinburgh, at the mouth ofthe
.river Almond, which forms a harbour for small
vessels ; 5 W. Edinburgh. Here are vestiges
«f a Roman station. Pop. 1,563.
Cramond, small island, Scot, in the Forth ;
A NW. Leith.
Crampel, i. Ger., which runs into the Ihne,
M Stargard. .
Cranach, see Cronach.
Cranach, r. Ger., in Franconia, which runs
into the Rotach, near Cronach.
Cranberry, p-t. Middlesex co. N. J. ; 15 SSW.
New Brunswick, W. 190.
Cranberry, X. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 765.
Cranberry, isl. on the coast of Maine, SE. of 1
Mount Desert.
Cranbrook, t.Eng., in Kent ; 13 S. Maidstone,!
48 SSE. London. Lon. 0. 40. E. Lat. 50. 55.
N. Pop. 2,994.
Cranhutn, or Cranborne, X. fcparish, Eng., in
Dorsetshire, on the borders of Hampshire and
Wilts, situated near a large chase which extends
as far as Salisbury ; it has a market on Thurs
day; 12 SW. Salisbury, 98 WSW. London.
Lon. 1. 54. W. Lat 50. 56. N. Pop. 1,605.
Crone Island, isl. in the Potomac ; 30 SW.
Annapolis. Crane Island, narrow island, about 6 miles in
length, in Hunting sound, on the coast of N.C.
'Lon. 76. 45. W. Lat 34. 40. N.
Cranenburg, X. Pru. in Cleves ; 3 W. Cleves.
Fop. 955. Formerly fmperial, and surrounded
with walls in the year 1414.
Craney, small isl. Va., in Hampton Toad, at
the mouth of Elizabeth river; 5 SW. Fort
George. There is a strong fort on this island
which defends the entrance of James and Eliz
abeth rivers.

Cranfield, X. Eng., in Bedfordshire ; 6 SSW.
Bedford. Pop. 961.
Cranganore, X. India, in Cochin, situated on
the coast of Malabar, with an irregular fortress ;
58 SSE. Calicut Lon. 75. 58. E. Lat. 10. 23.
N. This town was formerly inhabited by«
great number of Jews.
Crangen, t. Pru. Pomerania; 6 NNE. Pol-
now, 16 E. Cosslin.
Cranpschen, X. Prussia ; 4 E. Thorn.
Cransac, v. France, in Aveiron ; 15 NW.
Rhodez, celebrated for its mineral waters. Pop.
479. Cranston, t. Providence co. R. I., on W. side
of Narraganset bay ; 5 S. Providence. Pop.
2,274. This township contains 7 cotton manu
factories, and 5 houses of public worship, 3 for
Baptists, 1 for Friends, aud 1 for Methodists.
Here is found iron ore. _See Pawtuxet.
Cranston, v. &. parish, Scot., in Edinburgh
shire ; 9 SE. Edinburgh. Pop. 960.
Crantzperg, X. h- castle, Bavaria ; 16 NNE.
Munich. Pop. 271.
Craon, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Mayenne, near the river Oudon ;
5 S. Laval, 9 W. Chateau Gontier. Lon. 0.52.
W. Lat. 47. 51. N. Pop. 3,-312.
Craon, X. Hind., in Berar; 50 WNW. Mahur.
Craonne, X. France, in Aisne ; 10 SE. Laon.
Pop. 900.
Cfqpak, see Carpathian.
Crdpmo, t. Naples ; 20 W- Vieste.
CrapoWe, t. France, in Upper-Loire ; 18
N. Le Puy en Velay. Pop. 3,216.
Crasta, (an, Candavii,) mt. Eu. Turkey, in
Albania ; 4 N. Albasano.
Craslanovitza,t. Croatia, on the river Unna;
20 SW. Gradisca, 26 NW. Banjaluka.
Crali, (an. Crathis,) r. Naples, which rjses
about 4 S. Cosenza, and runs into the gulf of
Tarento, Lon. 66. 43. E. Lat. 39. 45. N.
Cratia, now Gherede.
Crato, (O,) X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 10
W. Portalegre, 43 N. Evora. Lon. 7. 21. W.
Lat. 39. 9. N. Pop. 3,000. It is surrounded by
an ancient wall, and contains a church, an hos
pital, and a convent.
Cratowness, cape on E. coast of Scotland, in
the county of Kincardine ; 3 S. Stonehaven.
Cravant, t.France, in Yonne ; 9 SE. Auxerre.
Pop. 1,622. It is remarkable for a battle fought
here in the year 1423, between the English and
the French.
Cravalore, X. Hind., in Aurungabad; 70 E.
Aurungabad. Craven, co. SE. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
12,676,; slaves, 5,050. Pop. in 1820, -13,394.
Chief town, Newbern.
Crawford, co. NW. part of Pa. ; bounded N.
by Erie co., E. by Warren co., S. by Venango
and Mercer cos., and W. by Ohio. Pop. in
1810, 6,178; in 1820, 9,378. Chief town, Mead-
villi;. ,
Crawford, co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Pop.
2,6S3. Chief town, Mount Sterling.
Crawford, co. Illinois. Pop. 3,022. Chief
town, Palestine.
Crawford, fort, Louisiana, on the Moynes,
90 miles above its mouth.
Crawford, co. Michigan. Pop. 493.

CRK

455

CRE

Crawford, X. Scot., in Lanarkshire-, chiefly in
habited by miners, of whom 800 are employed
in lead works near the town ; 40 S. Glasgow,
364 N. London. Pop. 4,671. Native gold has
sometimes been found in the gravel under the
peat, washed away by the rains. The country
about is called Crawford muir. Here was for
merly a castle.
Crawford, (New,)X. Jamaica ; 14 N. Kingston.
Crawford, (Old,) t. Jamaica; UN. Kingston.
Crawford's Dike, t. Scot., in Renfrew, on the
Clyde, with a convenient harbour, capable of
containing vessels of considerable burthen ; 2
miles above Greenock.
Cray, r. Eng., which runs into the Darent,
near Dartford, in Kent.
Craye, r. Wales, which runs into the Uslk, in
Glamorganshire. Crayford, t. Eng.^in Kent, on the small river
Cray ; 2 W. Dartford, 13 ESE. London. Pop.
1 ,553. This place is famous for a great battle
fought here, in 457, between Hengist the Sax
on, and Vbrtimer the British king,- in which the
tatter lost 4,000 men, and 4 of his chief com
manders. Creances, X. France, in Channel ; 10 S. Cou-
tances. Pop. 1,940.
Creange, or Krichingen, X. France, in Moselle ;
38 WSW. Deux Fonts.
Crccchio, X, "Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 10 E.
Civita di Chieti.
Creche, r. America, which runs into the Mis
sissippi, Lon. 90. 5. W. Lat 36. 49. N.
Crecy, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 7 S.
Meaux. Pop. 1,040.
Crecy, or Cnssy en Ponthieu, X. France, in
Somme ; 10 N. Abbeville, 100 N. Paris. Pop.
1,318. It is celebrated on account of a battle
fought here on the 26th of August, 1346, be
tween the English and French. Edward III.
and his son, the Black Prince, were both en
gaged, and the French were defeated with great
slaughter, 30,000 foot and 1,200 horse being left
dead in the field ; among whom were the king
of Bohemia, the count of Alengon, Louis count
of Flanders, with many other of the French
nobility. This battle is famous for being the
first in which gunpowder was made use of.
Crecy sur Serre, X. France, Aisne ; 7 N. Laon.
Pop. 1,900.
Credan Head, cape, Ireland, on W. coast of
Waterford harbour. Lon. 6. 69. W. Lat. 52.
10. N.
Credera, v. Italy, in Bergamasco ; remarka
ble for being the place where the order of Au
gustine friars first originated.
Credit, r. Upper Canada, which runs into the
W. end of Lake Ontario.
Crediton, or Kirton, X. Eng. in Devon, for
merly the see of a bishop, removed to Exeter
in the year 1050; 8 SE. Exeter^ 180 W. Lon
don. Pop. 5,178. There is a large manufac
ture of serges carried on here. The market is
on Saturday for provisions, wool, and yarn.
Credo, mt. Savoy; E. of Lyons. .
Credy, r. Eng., which runs into the Ex, near
Exeter. Cree, r. Scot., which rises in SE. part of
Ayrshire, and rnns into Wigton bay, at Cree-
town.

Creei; or Knistenaux, Indians, N.A., rending
about Lon. 105. 12. W. Lat. 55. N. They are
of moderate stature, well proportioned, active,
have keen black eyes, and open countenances.
Creech, t. Scot., in Sutherland; 7 W. Dornoch.
Creegerstown, t. Frederick co. Md. ; 12 NNE.
Fredericksburg. Cnek Agency, Baldwin co. Georgia, on Flint
river ; 30 W. by S. fort Hawkins, 63 W. Mil
ledgeville, W. 738. Here is a post office.
Creeks, Indians, in the western part of Geor
gia, and the eastern part of Alabama, in the*
country watered by the Chatahoochee, Tala-
poosa, and Coosa The number of warriors is
about 6,000, and of souls about 20,000. They
suffered severely in 1813-14, in the war with
the U. S. They are accounted the most warlike*
tribe found E. ofthe Mississippi. Some of their
towns contain from 150 to 200 houses. They
have made considerable advances in agricul
ture, and raise horses, cattle, fowls, and hogs,
and cultivate tobacco, rice, and corn.
Crees, Indians, at the source of- the Mississip
pi; No. 800.
Cree-Town, s-p. Scot, in Kirkcudbrightshire ;
42 NW. Dumfries, 384 N. London. Lon. 10-
22. W. Lat. 55. 59. N. It receives its name
from the river, and was formerly called Ferny
town of Cree, from a ferry or passage kept. A
considerable number of vessels belong to the
port, from 20 to 60 tons. A little below the-
town, vessels of 500 tons may anchor with,
safety. Creich, or Kreich, see Craich.
Creiehgow, or Crichgaw, country, Ger., be»-
tween Swabia and the Lower Palatinate.
Crefeld, see Crevelt.
Creglingen, t. Wurt, on the Tauber; 22 S..
Wurzburg, 30 NW. Anspach. Pop. 967.
Creikowitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 24 SSE,
Brunn. Creil, X. France, in Oise ; 6 NW. Senlis, 7 S-
Clermont. Pop. 976.
Creil de Bournezeou, t.France, in Vendee J
10 ESE. La Roche sur Yonne. Pop. 840.
Creilsheim, t. Wurtemberg, on the Jaxt ; 19
WNW. Dunckelsbuhl, 24 WSW. Anspach. Lon.
10. 8. E. Lat. 49. 10. N. Pop. 3,143.
Crema, city, Aust. Italy, in the delegation of
Cremona, formerly capital of a district called
Cremasco; 22 ESE Milan.' Lon. 9. 42. E.
Lat. 45. 22. N. Pop. 8,800. Bp. see. It is si
tuated on the river Serio, well built, fortified,
populous, rich, and commercial. It contains S
parish churches, and 16 convents for devotees
of both sexes. The Cremasco, between the Ad
da and Oglio, was 74 miles long, and 46 broad ;
level, but fertile in corn, flax, and silk.
Crembs, r. Carinthia, which runs into Lyzer,
about 6 N. Millstatt.
Crembsperg, X. Carinthia ; 7 N. Millstatt.
Cremeaux, X. France, Loire; 5 S. Roanne
H. 250.
Cramieu, X. France, in Isere, in the district
of La Tour du Pin ; 18 E. Lyons. Pop. 2,123.
Cremitten, X. Prussia, in Samland ; 15 E. Ko
nigsberg. Cremmen, X. Pru.,in Brandenburg ; 22 NNW
Berlin, 30 NNE. Brandenburg. Lon. 13 3 E
Lat. 52. 48, N. Pop. 1,757.

CRE

456

CRE

Cremnitz, or Kremnilz, free town, Hungary,
in Barsch, situated on the side of a hill ; 56 N.
Gran, 100 E. Vienna. Lon. 19. 13. E. Lat 48.
45. N. Pop. 9,678. H. 1,200. It is situated
amidst lofty mountains, and contains 3 church
es, 1 Lutheran, 1 Calvinist, and I Catholic, and
a Lutheran gymnasium, and has a castle built
on an eminence. It is celebrated for its mines
of gold and silver, and is the oldest mining town
in Hungary, and one of the most considerable.
The situation is elevated, and the air is very
cold. The town itself is very small, not con
taining 50 houses, but the fauxbourgs are of
, great extent.
Cremona, city, Aust. Italy, capital of the Cre-
monese, or delegation of Cremona, in the gov
ernment of Milan ; 38 SE. Milan. Lon. 10.2.
E. Lat. 45. 8. N. Pop. 23,256. Bp. see. It is sit
uated in a delightful plain, watered by the Og-
lio, about \ mile from the Po, over which is a
bridge of boats, protected by a fort, as the town
is by a castle. A canal, which passes through
the town, forms a communication between the
Oglio and the Po ; the circumference is about
5 miles. The principal streets are wide and
straight, adorned with some small squares, and
a few palaces, but the houses in general are not
well built. It contains 44 churches, 43 con
vents, and an obscure university or lyceum.
The tower of Cremona is a curious edifice, con
sisting of 2 octagonal obelisks, surmounted by
a cross, 372 feet high ; presenting from the top
an extensive view of the course of the Po, and
the vast plains of Lombardy. — Native, Vida. —
The delegation of Cremona includes the Cre-
monese, and is very fertile, particularly in corn,
fruit, and wine. Pop. 204,350. Sq. m. 657.
Crempe, or Krempe, X. Holstein, on a small
river, which soon after runs into the Stoer ; 4
N. Gluckstadt, 27 NW. Hamburg. Pop. 970.
The chief trade of the inhabitants is in cattle.
Crems, or Krems, X. Austria, in the Land be
low Enns, capital of the circle above the Mann-
hartsberg, on the Danube ; 23 SW. Znaym, 32
WNW. Vienna. Lon. 15. 24. E. Lat. 48. 73. N.
Pop. 3,563. Here is a gymnasium.
Crems, or Krems, r. Austria, which runs into
the Danube, near the town of Crems.
Cremsdorf t. Bavaria ; 3 NW. Ebern.
Cremsier, or Cremsir, X. Moravia, in Prerau,
on the Morava ; 20 S. Olmutz. Lon. 17. 24. E.
Lat 49. 17. N. Pop. 3,802. It was formerly a
small village, till Bruno, bishop of Olmutz, pur
chased the site and built a fine palace, which
soon rendered it populous ; it is walled and for
tified, and contains a gymnasium and four
churches. Cremsmunster, X. Austria, circle of Traun, on
the Crems ; 25 SE. Lintz. Pop. 1,000. It con
tains a celebrated Benedictine abbey and a
gymnasium. Crenan Craig, cape, Scot, on the coast of the
county of Wigton, in Luce Bay ; 13 SSE.
Stranraer. Crendriek, lake, N. Carolina. Lon. 76. 55. W.
Lat. 35. 46. N-
Creon, X. France, in Gironde ; 10 SE. Bour
deaux. Pop. 877.
Crepon, x. France, Calvados ; 6 NE. Bayeux.
Crepsa, now Cherso.

Crepy, or Crespy, X. France, principal place
of a district, in Oise; 12 S. Compeigne, 12
ENE. Senlis. Lon. 2.57. E. Lat. 49. 14. N. Pop.
.2,305. CrSpy en Laonnois, t. France, in Aisne ; 4
NW. Laon. Pop. 1,146.
Cresapsburg, p-t. Alleghany co. Md. ; 2 miles
from the Potomac ; 8 N. Frankford, W. 127.
Crescent Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
It is a low island, about 6 or 7 miles in circ.
Cresentino, X. Piedmont, in Vercelli, on the
Po, in a fertile countiy, but low situation ; 19
WSW. Vercelli, 20 NE. Turin. Lon. 8. 0. E.
Lat. 45. 15. N. Pop. 3,962. Here are 2 churches,
and several religious houses.
Cresina, X. Italy ; 6 NNW. Brescia.
Crespino, X. Italy, 15 NE. Ferrara.
Cressanges, X. France, in Allier; 10 SW.
Moulins. Cressensac, X. France, in Xot -Pop. 4,500.
Cressy, see Crecy.
Crest, (Le,) t. France, in Puy-de-Ddme; 6
SE. Clermont Ferrand. Pop. 1,134.
Crest, X. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Drome ; 13 SSE. Valence, 15 N. Mon-
telimart Lon. 5. 6. E. Lat. 44. 44. N. Pop.
4,015. Near it is a castle, a few years since
used as a state prison for state criminals, guard
ed by a company of infantry or invalids.
Crete, now Candia.
Crevacora, X. Piedmont ; 12 W. Biella.
Crevalcora; X. Italy ; 8 SW. Cento.
Crevant, X. France, in Indre. In 1423, a bat
tle was fought here between the English and
the French, in which the latter were defeated.
Crevasta, t. Albania; 35 SSE. Durazzo.
Crevasta, (an. Apsus,) r. Albania, which runs
into the Adriatic, near the town of Crevasta.
Crevecozur, X. h fortress, Holland, situated at
the conflux of the Dommel and the Meuse ; 4
N. Bois-le-Duc, 20 E. Breda.
Crevecozur, X. France, Calvados ; 15 SE. Caen.
Crevecoeur, X. France, North, on the Scheldt ;
4 S. Cambray. Pop. 1,500.
Crevecasur, Dutch fort and factory in Africa,
on the gold coast
Crevelt, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, in Dusseldorf;
6 NW. Dusseldorf, 16 S. Meurs. Lon. 6. 22. E.
Lat. 61. 18. N. Pop. 12,977. It is well built,
contains 4 churches, and has considerable man
ufactures, particularly of fine linens. Near it the
French were defeated by the Hanoverians, in
the year 1758. The French in this battle lost
7,000 of their best troops in killed, wounded,
and prisoners.
Crevic, X. France, Meurte ; 4 NW. Luneville.
Crevilcnte, X. Spain, in Valencia. Lon. 1. 43.
W. Lat. 38. 28. N. Pop. 7,200.
Creuilly, X. France, Calvados ; 9 NW. Caen.
Pop. 1,066.
Creuse, dep. France, which takes its name
from the river Creuse, which passes through it.
Gueret is the capital. Pop. 226,224. Sq. m.
2,265. Creuse, i . France, which rises about 8 miles
S. Felletin, crosses the department to which it
gives name, and the department of Indre, sep
arates the department of Indre-and-Loire from
that of Vienne, till about 5 E. La Have, it loses
itself in the river Vienne.

CRt

45T

CRI

CreUse, (Little,) t. France, which runs into
the Cr'eiise, near Fresselines.
Creusen, t. Bav., in Upper Maine ; 7 S. Bay-
reuth. Pop. 1,050.
Creutz, or Knits, or Korosd, t. Croatia, capi
tal of a county, near the source of the river
GlOcovni; 16 SE. Varasdin, 118 S. Vienna.
ton. 16. 60. E. Lat. 46. 7. N. Pop. 1,819. Unit
ed Greek bp. see. Population of the county
75,632. Sq. m. 636.
Creutz, t. Austria ; 5 W. Efferding.
Creutz, X. Prussia, in Smaland ; 27 NW. Ko
nigsberg. Creutz, X. Bav., ; 4 WNW. Aichstatt
Creutzberg, X. Ger., in Hesse Cassel ; 25 ESE.
Cassel. Lon. 15. 20. E. Lat 6i. 5. N.
Creutzberg, Or Clussboreck, t. Pru. Silesia, in
Breslau, surrounded with walls and ditches, with
a Castle and 2 chureues ; 26 NE. Grotgau, 28
ENE. Brieg. Lop. 18. 16. E. Lat 60. 56. N.
Pop. 2,239. The principal trade Of the inhabi
tants is in honey, wax, leather, afld flax.
Creulzburg, X. Prussia, ih Konigsberg; 14
SSW. Konigsberg. Lon. 20. 30. W. Lat. 54. 27.
N. Pop. 1,511.
Creulzburg, or Creutzberg, X. Ger., ih Wei
mar, and district of Eisenach, near the Werra,
over which is a bridge of stone ; 7 NNW. Eise
nach, 12 SW. Muhlhausen. Lon. 10. 16. E. Lat.
51.6. N. Pop. 1,672. It has a castle; and in the
neighbourhood are salt works.
Creutzburg, t. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 10 NE.
Teutsoh Brod. H. 138.
Creutznach, or Creutzendch, t. Pru., Lower
Rhine, in Coblentz, capital of a circle, on the
Nahe; 6 S. Bingen; 30 WNW. Worms. Lon.
7. 49. E. Lat. 49. 48. N. Pop. 6,121. About 3
miles from the town are valuable salt mines.
Creutzoff, X. Courland ; 16 SSW. Mittaw.
Crewkerne, X. Eng., in Somerset, situated on
the borders of Dorsetshire, about a mile from
the Parret, with some manufactures of dowlas,
sailcloth, girtweb, and stockings ; 20 SE. Taun
ton, 133 W. London, ton. 2. 58. W. Lat. 50.
48. N. Pop. 3,021. The market on Saturday is
well supplied with provisions and corn.
Crewsville, p-v., Hanover co. Va. ; W. 109.
Crewyn, r. Wales, which runs into the Wye,
at Builth.
Cribe-lahpu, X. Africa, on the Ivory coast ; 7
E. Cap-Iahou.
Crichton, X. Scot., in Edinburghshire; 11 SE.
.Edinburgh. Pop. 1,082.
Crichton's Island, small isl. in the Mergui Ar
chipelago. Lat. 10. 41. N.
Crickietli, or Crickeath, X. N. Wales, in Caer
narvon, on the coast of the Irish sea, with a
market on Wednesday. It is defended by a
castle ; 21 S. Caernarvon, 236 NW. London.
Pop. 368.
Crickhowell, X. S. Wales, in Brecknock, near
the Usk ; 3 ESE. Brecknock, 149 WNW. Lon
don. Lon. 3. 55. W. Lat 31. 54. N. Pop. 643.
It is much resorted to by invalids, for the pur
pose pf drinking goats' milk and whey. The
ruins of an ancient castle are yet visible. There
is a market on Thursday, well supplied with
fish and provisions.
Cricklade, X. Eng., in Wilts, on the Thames,
anciently a place of some consequence ; 30 W.
Vol. I. 58

Oxford, 83 WNW. London. Lon. 1.53. W. Lat.
51. 38. N. Pop. 1,556. The river Thames is
navigable to this town ; and a canal is How
made between the Thames and the Severn,
which joins the former at this place. It has a
weekly market on Saturday.
Crieff, X. Scot, in Perth, situated at the foot
of the Grampian hills; 18 W. Perth, 57. N.
Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 52. W. Lat. 56.23.N. Pop.
3,390. It has a weekly market on Thursday.
Criel; X. France, in Lower-Seine, near the
sea; 4 SW. Eu, 10 SW- Dieppe. Pop. 1,450.
Criffel, mt. Scot., in Kircudbright, near the
mouth of the Nith ; 1,831 feet high.
Crillon Bay, bay on S. coast Of the island of
Saghalien, hear Cape Crillon.
Crim Cremenda, or Solal, X. Russia, in Tauris ;
24 NW. Theodosia. It was formerly the capi
tal of the Crimea, but after the country became
subject to the Tartars it gradually declined.
Crimal, X. Hind., in Rajamundry; 30 ftW.
Rajamundry. Crimea, br Crini tartary, (an. Chersonesus,
TaUrica,) peninsula, Eu. Russia, in the north of
the Black sea, having the straits of Caffa arid
the sea of Azof on the east, and connected with
the continent on the north by the isthmus of
PerekOp ; forming the southern part of the gov
ernment of Tdurida; 208 miles long, and 124
broad. Sq. m. 5,600. Pop. in 1793, 157,125 ';'
now nearly doubled. It is said to have once
amounted to 1,500,000. The chief towns are
Akmetchet, Sevastopol, Theodosia or Caffa',
Eupatoria, Kertsch, Bacca-Scrai, and Balaklava.
The river Salgir divides it into 2 parts, of
Which the northern consists almost entirely of
a vast undulating plain, composed of heaths of
steppes, Without a single tree, and fit only for
pasture. Its chief riches consist of its flocks of
sheep and salt-marshes, which are very produc
tive. The climate is cold and moist in winter,
and hot and sultry in summer. — The southern
portion is represented as one of the most de
lightful spots on the globe. It has mountains of
considerable height with valleys ofthe greatest
fertility, producing corn, flax, hemp, tobacco,
vines, olives, figs, pomegranates, &c. The as
pect of the country is beautiful and picturesque,
and the climate delightful. — The inhabitants
consist of Tartars, Greeks, Russians, Armeni
ans, and Jews.
Crimeln, X. Ger., in Neustadt ; 2 N. Weyda.
Crimmitzscliau, X. Saxony, Erzgebirg, on the
Pleisse ; 8 NW. Zwickau. Lon. 12. 18\ E. Lat.
50. 45. N. Pop. 1,616. The inhabitants carry on
manufactures of cloth, flannels, and linen.
Crinils, t. Saxony, Erzgebirg ; 6 S. Zwickau.
Crio, X. A. Turkey, on SW. point of Natolia ;
near it are the ruins of ancient Cnidos. Lon
27. 10. E. Lat. 36. 46. N.
Criquebauf sur Mer, t. France, in Calvados,
on the sea coast ; 7 W. Harfleur, 7 N. Pont 1'
Eveque. Criquelot, X. France, in Lower Seine ; 7 N.
Montivilliers. Pop. 1,442.
Crispalt, mt. Switz., in Uri ; 10 SE. Altorff.
Cris, (Big and Little,) 2 points on N. shore of
lake Superior, between which is a fine harbour.
Crispello, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra; 25 E.
Civita Borella.

COR

458

COR

Crissey, km. Java, on N. coast, situated E. of
Samarang. Cristiana, small isl. of the Grecian Archipel
ago. Lon. 25. 16. E. Lat. 36. 20. N.
Croche, lake, N. America. Lon. 109. 25. W.
Lat. 56. 40. N. It is 18 miles long, but narrow
and winding.
Croughpatrick, mt. Ireland, in Mayo ; 3 SW.
Castlebar. It is 2,666 feet above the level of
the sea.
Croak, r. Honduras, which runs into the bay,
Lon. 88. 12. W. Lat. 15. 25. N.
Croara, t. Italy ; 18 SW. Modena.
Croatia, (an. Liburnia, part of ancient Illy-
ricum,) province of the Austrian empire with
the title of kingdom, attached the kingdom of
Hungary; extending from the Drave to the
gulf of Venice ; bounded N. by Hungary, from
which is separated by the Drave, E. by Scla
vonia and Bosnia, SW. by the gulf of Venice,
and W. by Carniola and Stiria ; about 160
miles long, and 100 broad. The eastern part of
Croatia, lying between the rivers Unna and
Verbas, belongs to Turkey. Austrian Croatia is
divided into civil and military. The civil de
partment includes the counties of Agram, Wa-
rasdin, and Creutz. Pop. 381,126 ; or according
to another statement 358,732. H. 40,046. Sq.
m. 3,646. The military department contains
3,800 square miles, 396,483 inhabitants, 38,022
houses. Total population 777,567. The Litto-
rale, now included in Ulyria, formerly made a
part of Croatia.
The southern division of the countiy is al
most wholly covered with mountains, and is
cold, rocky, and barren ; subject to an impetu
ous wind, called bora, which continues from
September to May. In the northern part there
are tracts of great fertility. The rivers are the
Drave, Save, Culpa, and Unna. The produc
tions are maize, barley, buck wheat, millet,
oats, prunes, wood, honey, 8ic. There are
mines of iron and copper. The trade is carried
on with Turkey by land, but chiefly with Italy
by water. The inhabitants are chiefly Germans
and Sclavonians ; the latter the most numer
ous. The religion is Catholic and Greek.
Croce,'( Old,) X. W. coast of Sumatra. Lon.
103.47. E. Lat. 5.11. N.
Crocialonum, now Valogenes.
Crockness, cape on E. coast of Hoy, one of
the Orkney Islands. Lon. 3. 2. Lat. 58. 40. N.
Crocodile River, r. America, which runs into
lake Winebago, Lon. 87. 50. W. Lon. 43. 45. N,
Croeodilopolis, see El Kab, and Democrat.
Croq, X. France, in Creuse ; 8 E. Felletin.
Crocy, X. France, in Calvados ; 6 E. Falaise.
Croever Reich, or Croefer Reiet, small district,
Germany, on N. side of the Moselle.
Crogham,r. Ireland, which runs into Oughter
Lough, 6 W. Cavan.
Croghansville, X. Ohio, Sandusky co. laid out
in 1817, on E. bank ofthe Sandusky, opposite
to Fort Stephenson, 12 m. above the mouth of
the river, 105 N. Columbus. Pop. 78.
Croghan's Gap, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. ; 28
Harrisburgh, W. 111.
Croja, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, anciently
the capital and residence of the Albanian kings ;
20 NE. Durazzo Bp. see. The famous Scander-

berg used this place as a fortress, from whence
he continually harassed the Turks ; but when
the Turks became masters of Albania, they
destroyed the fortifications.
Croisetle, (La,) X. France, in Marne, near
Chalons sur Marne. It is remarkable for a
slaughter of the English by the inhabitants,
with the assistance of Charles of Anjou, king of
Naples. Croisic, (Le) s-p. France, in Lower-Loire,
about 9 miles from the mouth of the Loire,
surrounded with salt marshes ; 21 W. Nantes,
Lon. 230. W. Lat. 47. 18. N. Pop. 2,310. The
inh. carry on a considerable coasting trade.
Croay, small Scotch island, near S. coast of
Harris. Lon. 7. 6. W. Lat. 57. 48. N.
Croissille, X. Savoy ; 11 NNW. Annecy; 10 S.
Geneva. Croisilles, X. France, in ^Straits of Calais ; 9
N. Bapaume.
Criox, (La,) lake, Louisiana. Lon. 93. 10. W.
Lat. 32. 3. N.
Croix, (La,) mt Piedmont, in the district of
the Four Valleys ;. 13. W. Pignerol.
Corix, (La,) X. France, in Eiire-and-Loir ; 6
SE. Louviers.
Croix St. Leufroy, (La,) X. France, in Eure ;
6 NE. Evreux.
Croix sur Meuse, (La,) X. France, in Meuse ;
12 SSE. Verdun.
Crokane, mountains, Ireland, in the county of
Cork; 5 N. Dungarvan.
Crolles, X. France, in Isere ; 10 NE. Greno
ble. The inhabitants carry on a considerable
trade in wine.
Cromach Craig, mt. Scot, in the county of
Perth ; 5 N. Crieff.
Cromach Head, cape, Scot, on N. coast of
the county of Bamff; 3 NW. Cullen.
Cromarty, s-p. Scot., capital of the county of
the same name, situated in the Frith of Mur-
ray,at the mouth of the Frith of Cromarty. Lon.
3. 55. W. Lat. 57. 40. N. Pop. 2,208. Here is a
manufacture of coarse cloth, and a considera
ble coasting trade in corn, thread, yarn, fish,
and skins. The harbour is excellent
Cromarty, small county, Scot, bounded N. by
a frith or river, called the Frith of Cromarty,
E. by the Frith of Murray, and every where
else by the county of Ross. This county is the
smallest of the kingdom, being only 12 miles
long and 3 broad. Cromarty is the chief town.
Pop. 3,052.
Cromary, X. France, Sa6ne ; 7 N. Besancon.
Cromau, or Kromlow, X. Moravia, in Znaym ;
18 NE. Znaym. Lon. 16. 13. E. Lat 49. 2. N.
Pop. 1,360.
Crombach, X. Pru. Cologne ; 7 NE. Siegen.
Cromer, s-p. Eng., on NE. coast of Norfolk,
with a harbour for fishing vessels, being chiefly
inhabited by fishermen ; 23 N. Norwich, 127
NNE. London. Lon. 130. E. Lat. 52. 55. N.
Pop. 848. It is a place of resort for sea-bathing,
and has a weekly market on Saturday.
Cromford, X. Eng., in Derbyshire ; celebrated
for its lead mines ; 2 N. Wirksworth. Pop. 1,259.
Cromont, X. France, Somme ; 7 E. Abbeville.
Crompton, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near Man
chester. Pop. 4,746.
Crompton Point; NE. point of the island of
Dominica. Lon. 61. 21. W. Lat. 15. 42. N.

CKO

4t>y

CRO

Cromwell's Ledge, isl. near E. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 53. 30. W. Lat. 50. 12. N.
. Crona, X. France, in Sadne-and-Loire ; 8
NNW. Bourbon Lancy.
Crona, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5. 3. W. Lat. 58. 12. N.
- Cronach, fortified town, Bav., Upper-Maine,
near the river Cronach ; 30 NE. Bamberg. Lon.
11. 1. E. Lat. 50. 17. N. Pop. 2,380. Near it
stands a mt. fortress, called Rosenberg.
Cronachy r. Bav., which joins the Rotach, 1
NE. Zeulen.
Cronberg, mt. Switz. ; 3 Appenzel.
Cronborg, or Cronenbag, or Koonberg, strong
fortress, Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
situated on a point of land on W. coast of the
Sound, a little E. Elsinore and opposite to Hels-
ingborg, in Sweden ; 24 N. Copenhagen. Lon.
12. 35. E. Lat. 66. 3. N. Its form is nearly
square, 232 by 214, flanked with 4 towers, con
taining extensive barracks. Criminals are con
fined here at hard labour. Adjoining to a royal
palace, about half a mile from Cronborg, is a
garden, called Hamlet's Garden.
Crone, or Koronow, X. Pru. Posen, in Brom
berg ; 56 S. Dantzic. Fop. 1,136.
Cronebane, mines of Ireland, in the county of
Wicklow ; 8 SSW. Wicklow. The copper mines
are in a hill 1,000 feet high. They are not
wrought at present
Cronenburg, see Kronberg.
Cronenburg, X. Pru., Coblentz ; 10 NW. Ge-
roldstein, Pop. 3,929.
Cranheim, X. Bav. ; 3 W. Gunzenhausen.
Cronlesgrun, X. Bav. ; 5 NW. Bayreuth.
Cronobey, see Wexio.
Cronoby, X. Finland ; 8 Gamla Karlby.
Cronschwitz, X. Weimar ; 2 NE. Weyda.
Cronspurg, X. Bav. ; 2 SW. Altorf.
Cronstadt, or Kronschat, s-p. Russia, situated
on the island of Retusari, in the gulf of Finland ;
20 W. Petersburg. Lon. 29.52. E. Lat. 59. 68.
N. Pop. 40,000, of whom as many as 10,000
are sailors. The town comprehends the E. part
of the island, is spacious, containing a number
of good houses, churches, and public edifices ;
1 but, on account of many inferior buildings,
mean houses, vacant places, Sic. by no means
handsome. It is the principal station of the
Russian fleet, and is populous, especially in the
shipping season, when the streets are thronged
with mariners from all the ports of Europe.
The marine hospital is on a very extensive
scale. In -1788, it had at several times, 25,007
patients ; and in 1789, it had 16,809. . Of the
former number, 20,924 went out cured J and of
the latter 12,974.
Cronstadt, or Kronstadt, or Brassau, X. Tran
sylvania, in Saxenlarid, capital of a district ; 50
ENE. Hermanstadt. Lon. 25. 15. E. Lat. 45.
43. N. Pop. in 1787, 18,118; estimated in 1817,
at 24,000. H. 3,200. It contains a Lutheran
and a Catholic academy, and a public library,
and has a large trade. It is situated about 5
miles from the river Alt, near the borders of
Walachia, from which it is separated by moun
tains ; chiefly inhabited by Germans. The
suburbs are inhabited by Bulgarians, Hungari
ans, and Saxons.
Crooked Haven, bay, Scot, on N. coast of the

county of Bamff; 3 NW. Cullen. Lon. 2. 49.
W. Lat. 57. 40. N.
Crooked Island, or Samana, one of the Ba
hama Islands. Lon. 73. 55. W. Lat. 23. 10. N.
Crooked Creek Bridge, p-v. Armstrong co.
Pa. ; W. 196.
Crooked Lake, in Steuben and Ontario coun
ties, N. Y. ; between Pulteney and Wayne, in
Steuben co. ; 5 W. Seneca lake, 18 miles long,
1£ broad.
Crooked Creek, t. Pa., which runs into the
Alleghany, 8 or 9 miles belowJKittaning.
Crooked Creek, r. S. C, which runs into the
Pedee, 2J below Naked Creek, 25 miles long.
Crooked River, r. Georgia, which runs into the
Atlantic, 14 N. St. Mary's.
Crooked River, r. Maine, which rises in Alba
ny, runs SSE., and flows into Sebago pond.
Crooked Reach, channel in the straits of Ma
gellan, between the coast of Patagonia, and an
island extending from Passage point to St. Je
rome's point.
Croomdah, t. Hind, in Baglana ; 26 NE.
Amednagur. Croondah, X. Hind., in Aurungabad, 90 NE.
Poonah. '
Cropalati, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 11
SE. Rossano.
Cropani, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, reduced
to a village by an earthquake ; 9 ENE. St. Se-
verina. Cropascia, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 7 W.
Umbriatico. Cropedy, v. Eng., in Oxfordshire, on the Chef-
well, 3 N. Banbury, 78 NW. London.
Crosby, p-t. Hancock co,' Maine ; 120 NE.
Portland, W. 674.
Crosby, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the great
Miami, opposite to Coleraine ; 18 N. Cincinnati,
W. 525. Pop. 1,721.
Crosicien, X. Aust, Galicia; 52WSW.Lemberg.
Crosne, v. France, near Paris.
Crosne, X. Aust., Galicia ; 80 WSW. Lemberg.
Cross Anchor, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C. ;
81 Columbia, W. 513.
Cross Creek, X. Washington, co. Pa. It is wa
tered by a river of the same name, which runs
into the Ohio. Pop. 1,908.
Cross Creek, X. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 1,651.
Cross Creek, r. Va., which runs into the Ohio,
Lon. 80. 38. W. Lat. 46. 19. N.
Cross Creek, see Fayetteville.
Cross Fells, mt. Eng., in Cumberland, and
one of the loftiest ih South-Britain.
- Cross Island, isl. in Lake Huron. Lon. 84. 10.
W. Lat. 45. 55. N.
Cross Island, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, near
the coast of Maine, at the entrance into Ma-
chias Bay. Lon. 67. 15 W. Lat. 44. 30. N.
Cross Island, one of the smaller Shetland isl
ands. Lon. 1.41. W. Lat. 59. 46. N.
Cross Keys, p-v. Southampton co. Va. ; 69
Richmond, W. 210.
Cross Keys, p-v. Union district, S. C. ; 75 Co
lumbia, W. 519.
Cross Kirk, t. Scot, on S. coast of the island
of Sanda. Lon. 2. 31. W. Lat. 59. 6. N.
Cross Lake, lake, N. Y. ; 17 S. lake Ontario.
Cross Land, X. England, in the west riding of
Yorkshire; 4 SW, Huddersfleld, Pop. 1,221,

CRO

460

CRO

Cross River, p-v. West-Chester co. N. Y. ; W.
281. Cross River, large r. Western Africa, which
flows into the Atlantic, at the head of Old Ca
labar bay, in Lon. 7. 40. E. Lat. 5. 40. N.
Cross Roads, v.Kent co. Md.; 2 S.St. George's.
Cross Sound, bay ofthe N. Pacific ocean, be
tween King George Ill's Archipelago and the
continent of North- America. Towards the east
it communicates with Chatham's strait. The
entrance is situated between Cape Spencer and
Cape Cross. Lon. of the entrance 223. 40. E.
Lat 58. 8. N.
Crossen, t. Pru., Brandenburg, in Frankfort,
formerly the capital of a duchy of the same
name; situated on the Oder, near its conflux
with the Bober; 21 SE. Frankfort on the Oder,
68 ESE. Berlin. Lon. 15. 7. E. Lat. 52. 4. N.
Pop. 3,258. It contains 2 churches for Luther
ans, 1 for Calvinists, manufactures of cloth, and:
extensive breweries. It is surrounded with oldi
walls. Crossen, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg. Pop, 279.
Crossin, X. Poland, Lublin ; 24 SW. Lublin.
Crossenam Elster,X.Tm., Saxony,in Merseburg,
on the Elster; 11 S. Naumburg, 22 E. Weimar.
ton. 11. 54. E. Lat. 50. 56. N. Pop. 381.
Crossgotes,v.Scot,inFife ; 4 E.Dunfermline.
Crosswell Bay, bay on S. coast of Norfolk
Island. Crosswicks, v. Burlington co. N. J. ; 8 SE.
Trenton. Crastolq, r. Italy, which runs into the Po, 1
NW. Luzzara, in the duchy of Mantua.
Crotched Mountain, mt. New-Hampshire . Lon .
71. 50. W. Lat. 42>57. N.
Crotchy, or Corachie, X. Sindy, about 4 or 5
miles from the place where vessels lie, in the
river Larrybunder, and about a mile from the
side of a creek, which has water only for small
boats ; 50 W. Tatta. Lon. 67. 16. E. Lat. 24.
51. N. Pop. 8,000. It is fortified with a mud
Wall, and flanked with towers. Caravans can
not reach Tatta, on account of the branches of
the Indus ; but find no difficulty in reaching
Crotchy, bringing from the interior countiy
cotton, (raw and spun) almonds, raisins, dates,
gram, ghee, oil, hides, and some piece-goods ;
carrying back sugar, rice, pepper, &o.
Crotenay, X. France, in Jura ; 6 SE. Poligny.
Crotendorf t. Sax., in Erzgebirg ; 18 S. Chem
nitz. Pop. 1,700. Near it is a quarry of beauti
ful marble.
Croton Creek, r. in Dutchess and West Ches
ter counties,N. Y. It runs SW. into the Hudson,
in Courtland ; 40 miles long.
Crotona, or Croton, or Cortrona, s-p. Naples,
in Calabria Ultra ; 10 SE. St. Severina. Lon.
17. 25. E. Lat. 39. 8. N. Pop. 4,640. Bp. see.
This town is defended by a single wall and a
castle erected by Charles V. The houses are
mean, and the streets narrow. It is famous for
being the place where Pythagoras held his
school. Crotorf X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg ; 11 ESE.
Romberg. Crotoy, (Le,) s-p. France, in Somme, about
3 miles from the sea, on N. side of the river
Somme; 10 NW. Abbeville. Lon. 1. 42 E.
•Lat 50. 19. N. H. 180. It had formerly a good
harbour, but is now little frequented.

| Cnttendwf, or Krotlendorf, fc Saxony, in Erz-
\ gebirg ; 18. S. Chemnitz. Pop.1,693.
Crotzka, fc Hungary,, on S. side of the Dan
ube; 15 SE. Belgrade. In the year 1739, a
bloody battle was fought here between the Im
perialists and the Turks.
Crou, X. Africa, on the gold coast ; 5 SE. San-
gain. Crou, (Lat) r. France,, which runs into tho
Seine, a little below St. Denys.
Crouch, r. Eng., in Essex, which runs into the
sea, 10 NE. Rochfort ; celebrated for its oyster-
beds. Crovet, t. Savoy ; 2 NE- Montmelian.
Croughnamalin, mountains, Ireland, ia the*
county of Mayo ;: 10 WNW. Killala.
Criupiere, t. France, in. Ppy-de-Rume; 5 S.
Theirs. Croulin Islands,, two small islands; near W.
coast of Scot. Lon., 5. 50. W.. Lat. 57; 19-. N.
Croulelle, tt Francej.in Vienne; 4 SW. Poi
tiers. Crouy; t France* in Seine-and-Marne-; 1ft
NE. Meaux. Ht 240.
Crovy, small isl. in. tho E, Indian sea,, near N.
! coast of Florae. Eon. 122; 42. E, Lat. 8. 1. S.
Crouzilld, X. France, in UpperrVienne ; 17
SE. Limpgesi H. 330.
Grow; r» Tennessee, which runs into tho Ten
nessee, opposite Crow Town.
Crow Indians, N. A., on the Yellowstone and
the heads of the Missouri. No. 3,500;
Crow Island, small isl. in the Currituck sound,.
near the coast of N. C. Lon. 7.6. 4, W. Lat.
36. 24. N.
Crow Head, cape, Ireland, on SW. coast of
the county of Cork.. Lon. 10.2.W. Lat. 51.32.N.
Crow Meadow, r. Illinois, which runs into the
Illinois, 240 miles, from the Mississippi.
Crow Taing, cape, Scot, on NW. coast ofthe
island of Ronaldshay.
Crowland, or Croyland, t. Eng., in Lincoln,
near which- formerly stood a celebrated: abbey,
ruins of which remain ; 12 NNE. Peterborough,,
93 N. London. Lon. 1. 7. W. Lat. 52; 40. N.
Pop. 1,879, The inhabitants derive a consider
able gain from wild ducks, caught in decoys.
Crowle, t Eng., in Lincolnshire, with a mar
ket on Saturday; 36 N.Lincoln, 169 N. Lon.
don. Pop. 1,424: Lon.l. 49. W. Lat 56, 36. N.
Crown Island, island in the Eastern sea, near
NE. coast of New-Guinea. Lon. 146. 50. E.
Lat. 5. 18. S.
Crown Islands, two small fortified islands in
the Baltic, at the entrance into the harbour of
Copenhagen. Crown-Point, p-t. Essex co. N.Y., on lake
Champlain ; 12 N. Ticonderoga, 96 N. Albany,
W. 452. Pop. in 1810, 1,082; in 1820, 1,522.
Lat. 44. 3. N. Lon. 72. 29. W. Crown-Point
fort, celebrated in the history of. American
wars, was in NE. part of this town, on lake
Champlain, on an eminence elevated 47 feet
above the lake, and 15 N. Fort Ticonderoga. It
is now in ruins.
Crows-nest, mt., in the Highlands, N.Y., near
the Hudson. Height above tide water, 1,418
feet. Crowsinlle, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C;
W. 651.

CRU

461

cso

Croxton Kyriel, v. Eng.,, in Leicestershire ;
8 NE. Melton Mowbray. Here was formerly a
monastery, in which the bowels of king, John
were interred.
Cray.,X. France, in Somme,; 5 NW, Amiens.
Croy, or Crouy, isl. in the S. Indian sea. It
is-of considerable height, and about 9 miles in
Hire. Lon. 68. 34. E. Lat. 48. 40. S/
Croyere, (La,) Islands, group of 5 islets, in
the N. Pacific ocean, so called by Perouse.
Capt. Dixon called them Hazy islands. Lon.
134. 41. W. Lat. 55. 50. N.
Croydon, t. Cheshire co. N. H.; 24 NE.
Charlestown, 80 W. Portsmouth. Pop. in 1810,
862; in 1820, 1,060. Croydon mountain ex
tends in a, NE. direction through this town.
Croydon, X. Eng., in Surry, with a weekly
market on Saturday, principally for corn ; 10
S. London. Lon. 0; 5. W. Lat. 51. 22. N.
Pop. 7,801. Here was, till within a few years,
a. palace of the archbishop of Canterbury,.which
was alienated and; sold.by authority of parlia
ment in the year 1780, and- is now employed
for a cotton manufacture.
Crozet, X. France, in Loire ;; 10 NW. Roanne.
II. 300;
Grosan, X. France, in Finisterre; 16 NW.
Chateaulin. Pop. 6,492.
Cruach Lussa, mt. Scot.,, in Argyleshire, dis
trict of Knapdale ; 3,000 feet high.
Cmachan, nit Scot, in Argyleshire, the per
pendicular height is 3,390 feet above the level of
the sea ;: 26 S. Fort William.
Cruanacarra, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
W. coast of Ireland. Eon. 9. 55. W. Lat. 53.
15. N.
Cruanakilly, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
W. coast of Ireland. Lon.9.59.W. Lat.53.18.N.
Cruces, Xi. Darien, S. A., on the Chagre.
Cruckfalla, mt. Ireland, in the county of Do
negal ; 3 SE. Bloody Farland's point.
Crucoli, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 6 SE.
Cariati. Gftidbn, or Crvdane, v. Scot., in Aberdeen
shire ; 25 N. Aberdeen.
Cruden Bay, bay, Scot, formed by a river of
the same name, on E. coast of the county of
Aberdeen ; 8 S. Peterhead. Lon. 1. 48. W.
Lat. 57. 21. N.
Crugerstown, p-v. Frederick co. Md. ; W. 55.
Cruikston, v. Scot, in Renfrew ; 2 E. Paisley.
Here are the ruins of a castle, originally be
longing to a powerful family of the name of
Croc. Cruit, small isl. in the Atlantic, near NW.
coast of Ireland ; 10 S. Bloody Farland's point.
Lon. 8. 19. W. Lat. 55. 2. N. .
Crulay, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 10 E.
Verneuil. Crum, X. Bav. ; 4 ESE. Hasfurt.
Crumarad, mt Ireland, in Donegal; 2 N.
Killybegs. Crumau, see Cromau.
Cramau, or Krumlaw, X. Bohemia, in Bechin,.
on the river Muldau; 32 S. Bechin, 76 S.
Prague. Lon. 14. 13. E. Lat 48. 59. N. Pop.
4,291, '
Crumlin Water, r. Ireland, which runs into
the Lough Neagh ; 6 S. Antrim.
Crummock Water, lake, Eng., in Cumberland,
which abounds with char and trout.

Crump Island, small isl. in the West Indies',
about a mile long; NE. of Antigua. Lon. 61.
25. W: Lat. 17. 14. N.
Cruna del Cande, X. Spain, in Old Castile, on
the Duero, near Arauda de- Duero.
Cruswitz, X. Poland, in Brsesk, under Fo-
piel,, in the beginning of the 9th century, made
the capital of the kingdom ; 30 NE. Gnesna.
This was the native place1 of Piastus, who, in
830, from being a. wheel-wright,. was elected to
the throne of Poland.
Crusyt,, t. France, in Herault ; 14. W. Keziers.
H. 220.
Cruti, t Switz,, in Uri ;, 6. NNW. Altdorff.
Cruxhdven, see Cuxhaven/., .)
Cruys, t. France, in Lower-Alps ; 7 SW. Sis*
teron. Cruysfiord, bay on the coast of Norway ; 20?
S. Bergen.
Cruz, (La,) X. Popayan ; 50 S', Popayan.
Cruz,, Rio; Grass,, see Camosim.
Cruz de Padre, small island near the: coast oft
Cuba. Lon. 80; 5. W. Lat. 23. 11. N.
Cruzani, X. Corsica, on the . Liamone ; 18
NNE. Ajaccio.
Cntaes, t. Panama ; 1'5 NW. Panama.
Cruzcool, branch of the Ganges, which runs
into the- bay of Bengal, Lorn 91. 8. E. Lat. 21.
30. N.
Cruzy,.t. France, Herault; 12 W. Beziers..
Cruza le Chatel,.X. France, in Yonne; 10 E.
Tonnere. Crynfa, X. Africa, in Tunis; 8 SW. Tunis.
Crystal Mountains, Africa, which pervade the
kingdoms of Congo, Angola, and Benguela.
Crystal Hills, p-v. Pulaski co., Arkansas ;. 50*
Little Rock, W. 1,217.
Csaba, X. Hungary, in Bekes.; 36 NE. Vasar-
hely. Lon. 20. 55. E. Lat, 46. 42. N. Eop.
12,000. H. 2,000.
Csagyavitza, r. Sclavonia, which runs into*
the Drave, 9 E. Vilevo.
Csakathurn, X. Hungary, situated! on a smalt
river, betwen the Muer and the. Drave,. cele
brated for its wine ; 20 W. Canischa, 95 S-
Vienne. Lon. 16. 28., E. Lat. 46. 35. N.
Gsanad, co. Hungary, watered. by the Maros,
producing wheat, cattle, he. Pop. 34,641. Sq.
m. 614. Chief town, Mako.
Csanad, X. Hungary, in Csanad; on. the Ma
ros; 64 N.. Belgrade, 200 SE. Vienna. Pop.
5,900. CsoiA, t. Hungary, in Borschod ; 24 S. by W.
Tokay. Cserepaxa, X. h castle, Hungary ; 8 NE. Erlau.
Cseringrad, X. Sclavonia, on the Danube; 5
N. Peter wardin.
Cserna, i. Hungary, which runs into; the
Danube, near Orsova.
Cserna, X. Sclavonia ; 20 S. Eszek.
Csernick, X. Sclavonia; 11 NE. Gradisca.
Lon. 17. E. Lat. 45. 36. N.
Csetnek, t. Hungary, in Gomor, on a river of
the same name. Lon. 20. 22. E. Lat. 48. 39.
N. Pop. 3,800. H. 600. A Lutheran gymna
sium. Csogod, X. Transylvania ; 16 E. Udvarhely.
Csokaku, t. h castle of Hungary; 12 NNE.
:Stulweisen.| Csongrad, co. Hungary, watered ; by the

CUB

462

CUB

l

Theisse ; level, having no mountains. Produce,
cattle, tobacco, melons, &c. Pop. 64,217. Sq.
m. 1,435. Chief town, Zegedin.
Csongrad, t. Hungary, in the county of the
same name, at the conffux of the rivers Keres
and Theisse ; 22 N. Zegedin.
Csorona, t Hungary, in Oedenburg ; 22WSW.
Raab. Csyeck, or Osyck, X. Prussia ; 22 N. Culm.
Ctesiphon, capital' of Parthia, how Jtfodoin.
Cuabang, or Tanghoa, t Cochin-china, near
the mouth of a river which runs into the Chi
nese sea. Lon. 105. 25. E.- Lat. 19 15. N.
Cuadac, s-p. Tonquin, on a river called Cua-
dac orRokho, near its mouth. Lon. 105.23.
E. Lat. 19. 55. N.
Cuadac, or Rokho, r. Asia, which rises in the
Chinese province of Yunnan, passes through
Tonquin, and runs into the Chinese sea, Lon.
105. 25. E. Lat. 19. 54. N.
Cuidian, t. Grand Bukharia, on a river of the
same name ; 55 W. Sangnien.
Cuadian, r. Grand Bukharia, which runs into
the Saganien, 6 S. Cuadian.
Cuama, see Zambese.
Cub, (North,) small isl. in James's bay, Hud
son's bay. Lon. 80. 50. W. Lat. 54. 25. N;
Cub, (South,) small isl. in James's bay, Hud
son's bay. Lon. 80. 30. W. Lat. 53. 42. N.
Cuba, the largest West India island, at the
entrance of the gulf of Mexico ; 764 miles long,
and from 74 to 134 broad. Lon. 74. 2. to 84.
55. W. Lat 19. 48. to 23. 15. N. Sq. m.*49,000.
Pop. stated in 1820, at 664,200. Whites. 350,000.
Coloured, 314,200 ; of these, 181,968 slaves.
Another statement is as follows : slaves, 225,286;
free coloured people, 115,691 ; total of the po
pulation, 620,980. It forms a captain-general
ship, and is divided into 2 governments, that of
Cuba or St; Jago de Cuba, and the Havannah ;
and is subdivided into jurisdictions and districts.
The principal towns are the Havannah, St. Jago
de Cuba, Villa del Principe, Bayamo, and Ma-
tanzas. A chain of mountains extends the whole
length of the island from east to west, dividing
it into 2 parts. From these 158 rivers pour
down into the plains ; and at the foot of the
mountains the country opens into extensive
meadows, which afford pasture to numerous
herds of cattle both wild and tame. The tem
perature is warm and dry, milder than that of
St. Domingo. The months of July and August
are rainy ; the rest of the year hot and dry.
The rivers abound in fish, the forests in choice
and large timber. The soil is of great fertility,
so that the fields are always covered with
flowers and odoriferous plants, and the trees
with foliage; and it produces, in abundance,
ginger, long pepper, and other spices ; aloes,
mastic, cassia, fistula, manioc, maize, cocoa,
honey, he. ; tobacco, accounted the best in
America ; sugar and coffee in great quantities.
The aggregate exports for 5 years, from 1815 to
1819, amounted to#81,224,808 09. It contains
some very abundant mines of copper and load
stone ; also some iron, gold, rock crystals, and
numerous medicinal springs.
Cu6a, t. Portugal, Alentejo; 9 NNW. Beja.
Cuba, see St. Jago de Cuba.

Cubagua, small isl. near the coast of Cuma
na. in S. A. between the island of Margarita
and the continent. The soil is dry, barren, and
nitrous, without fresh water, and producing lit
tle else but rushes. Lon. 63. 30. W. Lat. 10.
56. N.
Cubaimarou, r. of the island of St. Vincent,
which runs into the sea, in a bay of the same
name. Cubaimarou Bay, bay on S. coast of the isl.
of St. Vincent. Lon. 61. 11. W. Lat. 13. 6.N.
Cubale, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat 13. 36. S.
Cuban, r. Russian Tartary, which rises in
Mount Caucasus, and empties itself by two
mouths, one into the sea of Azoph, the other
into the Black sea.
Cuban Tartary, part of Tartary, situated N.
of Persia, now united to Russia, which takes its
name from the river Cuban.
Cubb's Creek, r. Virginia, which runs into the
Staunton river, Lon. 79. W. Lat. 36. 47. N.
Cubcabia, X. Africa, in Dar Fur ; W. Cobbe.
Cubellas, X. Spain, in Catalonia. Pop. 3,600.
Lon. 0. 27. E. Lat. 41. 15. N.'
Cubessa, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed,. in the road
from Aleppo to Bassora; 130 WSW. Meschid
Ali. Cubjac, X. France, in Dordogne ; 7 E. Peri-
gueux. Pop. 913.
Cubio, see Gubbio.
Cubilsa, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 16 N'. Hodeida.
Cublanc, X. France, in Dordogne ; 10 SW.
Brive. H. 240.
Cubola, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 20 SE. Achita.
Cucana, X. Friuli ; 7 W. Palma la Nuova.
Cucchiara, small isl. in the Adriatic, near the
coast of Naples ; 18 NW. Vieste.
Cuchecunna, X. Candahar ; 68 WNW. Canda
har. Cuccia Nova, X. Croatia ; 32 ESE. Agram.
Cuchimochi, X. Japan, on the island of Ximo ;
25 S. Naka.
Cuchut, X. New Navarre ; 160 SSE. Casa
Grande. Cuckanara, see Jagrenatporum.
Cuckeree, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 15 SW.
Pannah. Cuckfield, X. Eng., in Sussex, in the read from
London to Brighthelmstone, with a weekly
market of Friday ; 14 N. Brighthelmstone, 40
S. London. Pop. 2,083.
Cuckmere, r. Eng., which runs into the sea,
3 W. Beachy Head.
Cuckold's Point, cape on E. coast of Barba
does. Lon. 58. 28. W. Lat. 13. 32. N.
Cuckouville, p-v. Louisa co. Va. ; W. 123.
Cucubia, X. Dar Fur ; 2$ days' journey W.
Cobbe. It commands the western roads, and
has a market twice a week.
Cucula, X. Hind., in Guntoor; 27 NE. Inna-
conda. Cucuron, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone;
7 S. Apt. Pop. 2,802.
Cucurpe, t. New Navarre ; 15 S. Casa Grande.
Cucusus, now Cocson.
Cucuta, X. New Grenada ; 40 N. Pamplona.
^uda, now Coa.
Cudabi, t. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile;
2 S. Feshn.

CUE

463

CUL

Cudaly, t. Hind., Guzerat; 40 NW. Gogo.
Cudanapattam, X. Hind., in the, Carnatic ; 10
S. Pullumnaire.
Cuddafur, X. Hind. ; 24 E. Benares.
Cuddalore, X. Hind., on the coast of Cqro-
mandel, in the Carnatic, situated near where
St. David's stood; 15 SSW. Pondicherry, 85
NE. Tritchinopoly. Lon. 79. 55. E. Lat. 11.40.
N. It is a considerable town, and has a strong
situation. Cuddapa, or Kirpa, t. Hind.,. and capital of a
circar to which it gives name, belonging to the
Nizam ofthe Deccan ; 58 W. Nellore, 116 NW.
Madras. Lon. 78. 57. E Lat 14. 25. N.
Cuddapa, circar, Hind., bounded N. by the
countiy of Golconda, E. by the Carnatic, and
SW. and W. by the Mysore, ceded to the Ni
zam ofthe Deccan by Tippo Sultan. The prin
cipal towns are Cuddapa, Gandicotta, and Com-
bam. Cuddren, X. Hind., Sindy, on the route from
Hydrabad to Luckput Bunder.
Cuddumrusil, or Cuddwn Rusoul, i. e. The
Footstep of the Prophet, X. Bengal ; 8 NNW. Is
lamabad. Here is a stone on which is an im
pression of a human foot, said to be that of
Mahomet ; much visited by pilgrims.
Cudgenere, X. Hind.,- in Kitchwana ; 18 S.
Rajegur. Cudgi, x. Hind., in Bahar; 34 SSW. Arrah.
Cudgwah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 10 E. Corah.
Cudhar, X. Bengal ; 33 SSE. Curruckpour.
Cudjeree, t. Bengal, on the Hoogly ; 45 SSW.
Calcutta. Lon. 38. 5. E. Lat. 21. 52. N.
Cudjera, t. Bengal ; 38 SSE. Ghidore.
Cudimoody, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 13
WNW. Carroor.
Cudjwa, X. Hind., in Allahabad, and district
of Korah.
Cudoogal, t. Golconda ; 24 S. Hydrabad.
Cudivoia, X. Walachia ; 30 SW. Bucharest.
Cudrefin, X. Switz., in Vaud, On E. bank of
the lake of Neufchatel ; 5 SE. Neufchatel, 21
W. Berne. Lon. 6. 49. E. Lat. 46. 59. N. Pop.
,180. Cudruah, X. Hind., in Guzerat, on the Myhie ;
50 SE. Mahmoodabad.
Cudwah, t. Bengal ; 40 ESE. Dacca.
Cue, X. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 100 SW. Tauris.
Cueba, t. S. A. in Tucuman ; 85 N. St. Sal
vador de Jugui.
Cuellar, X. Spain, in Segovia ; 30 Segovia.
Pop. 3,000.
Cuello, t New Grenada, on the Magdalena ;
36 WNW. Santa Fe de Bogota. Pop. 1,000.
Cuenga, or Bamba, X. S. A. and capital of a
jurisdiction, in New Grenada, and audience of
Quito ; 150 S. Quito. Lon. 79. 13. W. Lat. 2.
55. S. Pop. upwards of 20,000. The streets are
straight and broad, and the houses mostly of
adobes, or unburnt bricks. The environs are
very fertile and pleasant. The town contains
3 churches, 4 convents, 2 nunneries, a hospital,
a chamber of finance, he.
Cuenga, (an. Canea,) city, Spain, in New
Castile, capital of a province ; 75 E. Madrid,
100 WNW. Valencia. Lon. 2. 16. W. Lat. 40.
10. N. Pop. 6,000. Bp. see. It contains a cathe
dral, 13 parishes, 6 monasteries, a hospital, a
seminary, and 3 colleges. It was built by the

Moors, on a high and craggy hill, between the
rivers Xucar and Huescar, which makes it na
turally strong. — Native, Louis Molina. — The
north and east part of the province is moun
tainous and fit only for sheep pasture ; the other
parts are$ fertile, producing corn, hemp, fruit,
ftc.— Pop. 294,290. Sq. m. 11,884.
Cuenga, X. Spain, in Leon ; 32 S. Leon.
Cuencari, t. Mexico, in New Biscay ; 62 S.
Panal, Cuera, or Zuera, t. Spain, in Aragon, on the
Gallego ; 10 N. Saragossa.
Citemaoaca, or Cornavaca, or Quauhnahuac,
t. Mexico, capital of a province of the same
name. In the time of Cortes it was the capital
of a people called Tlahuicas ; 40 SSW. Mexico.
Lon. 100. 56. W. Lat. 19. 20. N.
Cuers, X. France, in Var; 9 NNE. Toulon.
Pop. 4,890.
Cuevas, t. Mexico, in New Biscay ; 70 NW.
Parral. Cuevas, X. New Biscay ; 150 SW. Parral.
Cufa, t. Arabian Irak, near the frontiers of
Arabia Deserta, on the Euphrates ; 4 SE. Mes-
ghid Ali, 90 S. Bagdad. It is now in ruins. •
Cugnascp, X. Switz., Tesino ; 5 S. Bellinzona.
Cui, or Coiiir, X. Lower Siam, on W. coast of
the gulf; 170 SSW. Juthia. Lon. 99. 56. E. Lat.
11.40. N.
Cujaba, or Cuiaba, see Cuyaba.
Cujavia, pr. Poland, on the banks ofthe Vis
tula, now belonging to Russia and Prussia.
Cuicior, X. Thibet ; 30 SW. Lassa.
Cuelle, X. France, in Mayenne ; 15 WSW.
Laval. H. 260.
Cuillif X. Switz., in Vaud, on N. coast of the
lake of Geneva, surrounded with walls and
ditches in 1440; 5 SE. Lausanne. Pop. 2,110.
Cvjo, see Cuyo.
Cuisery, t. France, in- Saone-and-Loire ; 13
SSE. Chalons. Pop. 1,301.
Cuitaperi, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia, on
the Tornea ; 25 N. Tornea.
Cuivaniemi, X. East Bothnia, at the mouth of
a river so named, which runs into the gulf of
Bothnia; 25 N. Ulea.
Cuivin, see Couvin.
Cuizeau, or Cuisseau, see Cuseau.
Cul de Cohe, bay, of the island of Martinico,
on N. part of the Cul de Sac Royal.
Cul de Sac, general term for a bay in the
West India islands.
Cul de Sac des Anglois,Joay of Martinico, on
SE. coast, a little S. Cape Ferre.
Cul de Sac Frangois, bay of Martinico. Lon.
60. 53. W. Lat. 14. 34. N.
Cul de Sac, (Grand,) bay, on W. coast of the
island of St. Lucia.
Cul de Sac, (Grand,) bay, on N. coast of
Guadeloupe. Lon. 61. 53. W. Lat. 16. 30. N.
Cul de Sac Marin, bay on S. coast of Martin
ico. Lon. 60. 45. W. Lat. 14. 31. N.
Cul de Sac, (Petit,) bay of Guadaloupe ; 7 S.
Grand Cul de Sac
Cul de Sac Robert, bay of Martinico, on E.
coast. Lon. 61. W. Lat. 14. 34. N.
Cul de Sac Royal, bay, on W. coast of Mar
tinico. Lon. 61. W. Lat. 14. 30TN.
Cul de Sal Vache, bay of Martinico. Lon. 60.
57. W. Lat. 14. 31. N.

CUL

464

CUM

GUaro, now Grenoble.
Culdameri, t Hind., in Singrowla; 35 SE.
Saipeur. Oulebra, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
W.eoastofLucon. Lon. 120.5. E. Latl5.57.N.
Citlebras, r. Mexico, which separates the pro
vince of Costa-Rica from that of Veragua, and
runs into the Spanish Main. Lon. 82. 30. W.
Lat. 9. 20. N.
Culeche, see Coleche.
Culeihat, t. Africa, in Morocco ; 32 N. Mo-
gador, 120 W. Moroeco.
Culemburg, X. Holland, in Guelderland, on S.
side of the Leek ; 16 N. Blois le Due, 27 SSE.
Amsterdam. Lon. 5. 8. E. Lat. 51. 58. N.
Culhat, X. France, in Puy-de-DOme ; 10 E.
Riom. Pop. 2,900.
Culiacan, pr. Mexico, bounded N. by Cinao-
la, E. by New Biscay, S. by the Pacific ocean,
and W. by the gulf of California ; about 200
miles long, and 90 broad. The soil is fertile,
and the air healthy. There are some silver
mines. The principal towns are Culiacan, Pe-
tatlan, and St. Miguel.
"Culiacan, X. N. A., and capital of a province
of the same name, in Mexico, on a river called
also Culiacan ; 480 NW. Mexico. Lon. 108. 23.
W. Lat. 24. 22. N. Pop. 10,800. It is celebrated
in Mexican history under the name of Kueicol-
huacan. Culiacan, r. N. A. which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 109. W. Lat. 24. 20. N.
Cull, (an Collops Magnus,) s-p. Algiers, situ
ated at the bottom of a gulf, in the country of
Algiers, with a tolerable port. Lon. 6. 40. E.
Xat 37. 40. N. At present there are but small
remains of grandeur.
Cullatour, X. Hind., in Tinevelly ; 85 NE.
Cape Comorin.
Cullan, X. France, in Cher ; 30 S. Bourges.
Culleanpour, t. Bengal ; 40 W. Silhet.
Cullen, s-p. Scot., in Bamff, at the mouth of
a river of its own name, in the frith of Murray;
12 W. Bamff. Lon. 2. 44. W. Lat. 57. 38, N.
Fop. 1,076. It is a royal burgh. The chief em
ployment of the inhabitants is in the linen man
ufacture and fishing.
Cullera, X. Spain, in Valencia, on the sea-
coast, at the mouth of the Xucar ; 10 NNW.
Gandia, 21 S. Valencia. Fop. 5,000.
Culles, X. France, Saone-and-Loife ; 10 SW.
Chalons. Culloden Muir, heath, Scot., in Inverness ; 4
E. Inverness. It is celebrated for a victory ob
tained in the year 1746, by the Duke of Cum
berland, over the unfortunate prince Charles
Stuart, which for ever destroyed the hopes of
that family and their friends.
Culloor,.t Hind., in Golconda, celebrated for
its diamond mines ; 15 W: Rajahmundry, 100
E. Hydrabad. Lon. 80. 37. E. Lat. 17. 12. N.
Culloor, t Hind., Guntoor; 20 E. Guntoor.
Cullore, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 12 E. Surat.
Cullum, X. Bengal ; 10 ENE. Nattore.
Cullumpton, or Collumpton, X. Eng., in De
von, with a weekly market on Saturday ; 11 N.
Exeter, 159 W. London. Lon. 3. 20. W. Lat.
50. 55. N. Pop. 2,917. Here are manufactures
of sagathies, serges, and other woollen goods.
Cully, or Cuilli, see Cuilli.

Cuttyton, or Colyton, t. Eng., iri Devon, with .
a weekly market on Thursday; 15 W. Lyme,
150 W. London. Lon. 3. 8. W. Lat. 50. 47. N.
Pop. 1,641.
Culm, city, Pru. Marienwerder, formerly ca
pital of a palatinate of the- "same name ; 18
NNW. Thorn. Lon. 18. 10. E. Lat, 53, 10. N.
Pop. 3,888. This town was built in the 13th
century, and is situated on the Vistula. It is
large, without commerce, and thinly inhabited,
and has a Catholic academy. It was once Han-
seatic, and had, till lately, the privilege of coin
ing money.
Culm, r. Eng., which runs from Cullumpton,
in Devonshire, to the Ex.
Culm, X. Bohemia, in Saatz; 8NE. Eger.
Culmain, X. Bavaria ; 14 E. Bayreuth.
Culmbach, Bav. in Upper Maine, on the
Maine; 15 NNW. Bayreuth, 25 NE. Bamberg.
Lon. 11. 30. E. Lat.50.5.N. Pop. 3,360. H.470.
Culmbach, see Bayreuth.
Culmensee, or Chelmsee, X. Prussia, in Mari
enwerder ; 12 SE. Culm. Pop. 741.
Culmitzsch, t. Weimar ; 7 E. Weyda.
Culmos, X. Finland; 15 S. Jamsio.
Culmstock, X. Eng., in Devonshire ; 3 E. Cul
lumpton, 160 W. London. Pop. 1,496.
Culnah, X. Bengal ; 26 SE. Moofley. Lon.
89. 38. E. Lat. 22. 50. N.
Culnah, X. Bengal ; 12 SW. Kishenagur.
Culpatty, t. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 48 NNW.
Damicotta. Culpee, X. Bengal, on the Hoogly; 28 S. Cal
cutta. Culpeper, co. NE. part of Va., bounded NE.
by Fauquier co., SE. by Spottsylvania and
Oranges cos., SW. by Madison co., and NW.
by Shenandoah co. Pop. iri 1810, 18,967;
slaves, 8,312. Pop. in 1820, 20,944. Chief
town, Fairfax.
Culross, X. Spot, in Perth, on the Forth ; 17
S. Stirling, 22 NW. Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 49. W.
Lat. 56. 4. N. Pop. 1,611. It is a royal burgh.
Culsey, X. Bengal ; 12 NW. Goragof.
Cultepec, X. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 60 SE.
Mechoacan. Culuacan, or Coioacan, X. Mexico ; 6 SSE.
Mexico. Indian families, 1,885.
Culwara, t Hind., in the GoOndwana ; 21 W.
Coomtah. Cuma, t. Gilolo, at the bottom of a bay.
Cuma, small island in the Mediterranean ; 5
W. Naples.,
Cuma, t. Naples, in Lavora ; 4 NW.Pozzuolo.
Cuma, X. Brazil, near the coast of the Atlan
tic ; 20 NW. St. Luis de Marannon.
Cuma, now Nemourt.
Cuma,,e\ty, Campania, near Puteoli; 5 NW,
Naples. It is now in ruins. Here was a tem
ple, consecrated to Apollo and Diana, and in
the temple a hollow, dug out of a rock, called
the cave of the Sibyl.
Cumaja, X. Hind., in Jushpour ; 18 NE. Odey-
pour. Cumamotta, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 22 N. Udo.
Cumana, pr. Venezuela, bounded N. h E. by
the Caribbean sea, S. by foe Orinoco, and W.
by the Unara, which separates from the pro
vince of Venezuela. Sq. m. about 57,000. Pop.
stated from 80, to 90,000. Chief towns, Cuma-

CUM

465

CUM

ha, the capital, Barcelona, Cumanacoa, and Ca
riaco. In the western part* toward the coast, the
soil is tolerably fertile ; the eastern part is dry
and sandy, affording, nothing but an inexhaust
ible mine of marine and mineral salt; on the
Orinoco the country, is fit only for pasturage ;
other parts are exceedingly fertile. In the in
terior is a range of mountains, of which Tume-
riquisi, the most elevated, is 5,900 feet high.
Cumana, or New Cordova, X. S. A., and capi
tal of a province of the same name, in Vene
zuela. Lon. 64. 10. W. Lat. 10. 28. N. Pop. es
timated by Humboldt at 18, or 19,000; by De-
pons at 24,000. It is situated near the mouth
of the gulf of Cariaco, about a mile from the
sea, on an arid, sandy plain. The. climate is
hot, subject to earthquakes, and the houses low
and lightly built. On the 14th Dec. 1797 more
thanthreerfourths of them were destroyed by an
earthquake. The inhabitants carry on a con
siderable trade in cocoa, and other productions
of the countiy. The road is commodious for its
depth and of semicircular form, which defends
it from the violence of the winds.
Cumanacoa, t. Cumana, S. A. ; 60 SE. Cu
mana. Lon. 63. 59. W. Lat. 10. 16. N. Pop.
4,200. The environs are very fertile, and pro
duce large quantities of tobacco.
Cwmardu; X. Hind., in Bahar; 15 S. Patna.
Cumaryah, X. Bengal ; 20 E. Dacca.
Cumbach, X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 4 NW.
Gabel. Cumbal, X. S. A„ in Popayan ; 45 SSW Pasto.
Oumooiia, or Sumbava, isl. in the E. Indian
sea; 180 miles in length from E. to W. and
from 20 to 40 broad. Lon. 1 16. 20. to 1 19. 30.
E. Lat. 8. 5. to 9. 2. S. Toihboro, a tremen
dous volcano, is on this island.
Cumbava, X. on N. coast of the island of Cum-
bava. Lon. 117. 5. E. Lat. 8. 27. N.
Cumbaya, X. Quito, S.A.
Camber, t. Ireland; in Down ; 9 SE. Belfast.
Cumberland, p-v. Cumberland co. Maine ; 12
Portland, W- 564-
Cumberland, co. SW. part of Maine, bounded
W. 8i N. by Oxford co., E. by Lincoln co., SE.
by the Atlantic, and SW. by York co. Pop. in
1810, 42,831 ; in 1820, 49,445. Chief town,
Portland. Cumberland, t. Providence co. R. I., bound
ed N. and E. by Massachusetts, and SW. by
Pawtucket river ; 8 N. Providence. Pop. in
1810, 2,110 ; in 1820, 2,653. It contains a large
nail manufactory, a marble mill, and 8 cotton
manufactories. Cumberland, co. N. J., bounded N. by Glou
cester co., E. by cape May co., S. by Delaware
bay, and W. by Salem co. Pop. in 1810, 12,670;
in 1820, 12,868. Chief town, Bridgetown.
Cumberland, X. Adams co. Pa. Pop, 1,022.
Cumberland Valley, X. Bedford co. Pa. Pop.
683. Cumberland, X. Greene co. Pa., W. of the
Monongahela. Pop. 1,731.
Cumberland, co. Pa., W. of the Susquehanna,
bounded N. by Mifllin co., E. by Dauphin co.,
S. by the Susquehanna, which divides it from
York and Adams cos., and SW. and W. by
Franklin co. Pop. 23,606. Chief town, Carlisle.
Cumberland, p-t & cap. Alleghany co. Md.,
Vol. I. 69

on the Potomac, at the junction of Will's creek,
70 W. Hagerstown, 130 ESE. Wheeling, 150 W.
by N. Baltimore, W. 135; It is a considerable*
town, and contains a court house, a jail, a mar
ket house, a bank, and 4 hpuses of public wor
ship, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Roman Catholics,
1 for Methodists, and 1 built jointly by the Pres
byterians and Episcopalians. In and adjoining
the town are 3 merchant flour mills, 2 of them ,
only now in operation. Two newspapers are
published here. The mountains in the vicinity
abound in stone coal, great quantities of which
are transported down the Potomac in flat and
keel boats. The great western road, made, by
the U. S. government, extends from this town
to the banks of the Ohio at Wheeling, and a
survey has been made from thence to the Mis
sissippi, 600 miles further.
Cumberland, co. central part of Va., bounded .
N. by James river, E. by Powhatan and Ame
lia cos., S. by Prince Edward co., and W. by ,
Buckingham co. ; W. 179. Pop. in 1810, 9,392;
slaves, 6,102. Pop. in 1820, 11,023. Chief
town, Cartersville.
Cumberland, co. central part of N. C. Pop,
in 1810, 9,382; slaves, 2,796. Pop. in 1820,
14,446. Chief town, Fayetteville.
Cumberland, co. S. part of Ken. Pop. in
1810, 6,191 ; slaves, 1,768. Pop. in 1820, 8,058..
Chief town, Burkesville.
Cumberland, X. New-Kent co.Va., on SW. side
of the Pamunky, about 35 E. Richmond.
Cumberland Gap, pass, through the Cumber
land mountains, in Claiborne co. Tennessee ;
130 S. Lexington, 180 Murfreesborough, W,
627. Here is a post office.
Cumberland Mountains, in Tennessee. The
range commences in SW. part of Pa., and in
Va. it takes the name of Laurel mountain, pass
es through SE. part of Kentucky, and termin
ates in Tennessee ; 80 SE. Nashville. A con
siderable portion of this mountain in Tennessee
is composed of stupendous piles of craggy rocks.
It is thinly covered with trees, and has springs.
impregnated with alum. Lime stone is found
on both sides of it.
Cumberland, isl., on the coast of Georgia, 20
S. Frederica, between the mouth of the great
Satilla and prince William's sound. It is about
20 miles in circumference. Lon. 81 40 W
Lat. 31. N.
Cumberland, r. which rises in the Cumberland
mountains, Va., and runs through Kentucky and
Tennessee into the Ohio, 60 miles from the
Mississippi. It is navigable for large vessels to
Nashville near 200 miles, and for boats of 15
tons 300 further. At certain seasons vessels of
400 tons may descend from the distance of 400
miles to the Ohio.
Cumberland Head, headland, N. Y., project
ing into lake Champlain, N. of Plattsburg,. and
opposite South Hero.
Cumberland Hill, p-v. Providence co EI-
12 Providence, W. 428. ' ' '*
Cumberland, co. Eng., bounded N. by Scot
land and the Solway frith, 30 miles; E by
Northumberland and Durham, 58 miles ; S i by
Westmoreland and Lancashire, 69 miles; W by
the Irish sea, 67 miles : in all 224 miles in ciro
58 in length, and rather above 30 jn breadth'

CUM

466

CUN

Sq. m. 1,516. Pop. in 1811, 133,744. Families,
38,390; 10,868 engaged in agriculture ; 11,448
in trade and manufactures ; 6,074 otherwise.
The surface is diversified with plains and emi
nences; open, braky, heathy commons, and ir
regular inclosures, in some parts enriched with
rising plantations. The soil is various ; fertile,
rich, strong loams occupy but a small portion
of this countiy ; dry loams, including the vari
ous degrees from the rich brown loam to the
light, sandy soils, are found in a greater pro
portion than any other. — A little below Carlisle
was the famous Picts' wall, built in the year
121, by the emperor Adrian, across the island,
from the German ocean to the Irish sea ; about
100 miles in length, 8 feet wide, and 12 feet
high, to prevent the incursions of the Picts and
Scots. — The principal productions of Cumber
land are black lead, coals, copper-ore, lapis,
calaminaris, and salmon. Cumberland con
tains one city, viz. Carlisle, and 15 towns.
Cumberland Bay, bay on W. coast of the
isl. of St. Vincent. Lon. 61. 18. W. Lat. 13. 12. N.
Cumberland Bay, bay on NE. coast of the
island of Juan-Fernandez. Lat. 33. 40. S.
Cumberland Bay, bay on N. part of N. A.
Lon. 65. 20. W. Lat. 66. 42. N.
Cumberland Bay, large bay on the NE. coast
of the island of Georgia. Lon, 36. 35. W. Lat
54. 16, S.
Cumberland Bay, bay on NE. coast of Ker-
guelenV land, between Cape Cumberland and
Point Pringle.
Cumberland Bay, bay on the coast of Ameri
ca, N. Cumberland island.
Cumberland Fort, see Fort Cumberland.
Cumberland Harbour, bay on SE. coast of
Cuba. Lon. 76. 50. W. Lat. 20. 30. N.
Cumberland House, settlement, N. A., near
the Pine-island lake. Lon. 102. 13. W. Lat.
53. 56. N.
Cumberland Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 140. 36. W. Eat. 19. 18. S.
Cumberland Islands, cluster of islands near
NE. coast of New-Holland. Lon. 148. 32. E.
Lat. 20. 36. S.
Cumberland Straits, strait in the North sea,
W. Davis's strait, beginning Lon. 65. 30. W.
Lat. 63. 35. N.
Cumbermere, X Hind., Sirowy ; 37 S. Sirowy.
Cumbernauld, v. h parish, Scot., in Dumbar
tonshire ; 14 NE. Glasgow. Pop. 2,334.
Cumbinama,X. S. A., in Quito ; 40 NE. Jaen.
Cumbray, (Little,) small isl. Scot., with a
light house, about half a mile S. Great Cumbray.
Lon. 4. 43. W. Lat. 55. 47. N. Pop. 18.
Cumbray, (Mickle, or Great,) isl. Scot, about
6 miles in circ. at the mouth of the Clyde, be
tween the isle of Bute and the county of Ayr.
Lon. 4. 42. W. Lat. 55. 48. N. Pop. 487.
Cumeldroog, see Calarumconda.
Cumendo, X. Italy; 6 NE. Bergamo.
Cumenolly, X. Bengal ; 32 NW. Burdwan.
Cumiana, X. Piedmont; 6 N. Pinerolo, 12
SW. Turin. Pop. 4,507.
Cumicumuna, r. S. America, which runs into
the Orinoco, Lon. 65. W. Lat. 3.30. N.
Cumieres, t. France, in Marne ; 3 NW. Eper-
nay. It is celebrated for its wines.
Cuminpilly, X. Hind., Ellore ; 10 NE. Ellore.

Cumlapour,tM\nA., Visiapour; 15 SE. Currer.
Cumlosen, t. Pru. Brandenburg, on the Elbe;
5 NW. Wittenberg.
Cumly, t. h fort, Hind., in South Canara; 20
S. by E. Mangalore.
Cummazee, see Coomassie.
Cummersee, t. Mecklenburg; 7 S. Gnoien.
Cummington, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 20
NW. Northampton, 110 W. Boston. Pop. 1,060.
Cummoo, t. Hind., in Bickaneer; 15 S. Bick-
aneer. Cumnacallich, 'or Carlin's Step, remarkable
mt. Scot., in the island of Arran, 2,840 feet high.
Its summit consists of vast quadrangular co
lumns rising wildly behind Goatfell, and over
looking a horrid chasm of several hundred feet
deep. Cumnashawas, bay, on E. coast of Washing
ton island, in N. Pacific ocean, with a village.
Lon. 131.28. E. Lat. 52. 3. N.
Cumnock, (New,) v. h parish, Scot, in Ar
gyleshire; 17 ESE. Ayr. Pop. 1,381. In the
parish is a lead mine, with limestone, freestone,
and coal.
Cumnock, Old, (an. Corda,) v. fa parish, Scot,
in Ayrshire, with mines of lead and coal, and.
quarries of limestone and freestone ; 15 ESE.
Ayr. Pop. 1,991.
Cumo, t. Finland, on a river of the same
name, which runs into the gulf of Bothnia ; 24
SE. Biorneborg.
Cumray, t. Bundelcund ; 15 SE. Fannah. /
Cumpulungo, X. Walachia ; 56 NNW. Bucha
rest. Cumru, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 2,462.
Cumshoshaw's Sound, bay on E. coast of
Queen Charlotte's island,in the N. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 132. W. Lat. 53. 10. N.
Cana, X. Upper Lusatia ; 4 S. Gorlitz.
Cunalter, X. Hind., in Travancore ; 25 N.
Travancore. Cunaxa, place, Assyria, about 150 miles from
Babylon ; famous for a great battle fought be
tween Artaxerxes and his brother Cyrus the
younger, B. C. 401.
Cundagose, X. Bengal ; 6 S. Burdwan.
Cundamahully, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 50 NW.
Seringapatam. Cundamungulwn, t. Carnatic ; 20 NNE. Tan
jore. Cundapour, see Coondapour.
Cundera, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 30 W. Poonah.
Cundi, X. Africa, on the Zaire, opposite Congo.
Cundigurry, X. Hind., in Mysore; 20 SW. Pe-
riapatam. Cwndinamaria, pr. New Grenada.
Cundola, t Guzerat ; 48 NE. Junagur.
Cundole, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the Soane ;
11 S. Arrah.
Cundoor, X. Hind., in the circar of Condapilly ;
8 NE. Condapilly.
Cundwagunge, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 10
SE. Chatterpour. Lon. 80. 7. E. Lat. 24. 52. N.
Cundwah, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 44 N. Bur
hampour. Cundwali, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 15 SE.
Chatterpour. Cundwah, t. Bengal ; 13 W. Purneah.
Cundyeura, X. Bengal ; 62 NNE. Dacca.
Cuneges, X. France, in Dordogne; 7 SSW.
Bergerac.

CUP

467

CUR

Cuneni, r. Africa, which rises in Bemba, and
afterwards changes its name to Bembarogue.
• ' Cwneo, see Coni.
Cuneus, now Algarva.
Cung, see Kunk.
Cungevelle, t. Carnatic ; 17 N. Terriore.
Cungwar, t Hind., Sumbul; 15 W. Sumbul.
Cunistorges, see Niebla.
'Cunitland, t. Mexico, in Guaxaca; 15 W.
Guaxaca. Cunivos, jurisdiction, Peru, on the Maragnon ;
300 NNE. Lima.
Cunlhat, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 9 NNW.
Ambert. Pop. 2,826.
Cunnatacuddoo, t. Hind., in Coimbetore; 9
SE, Coimbetore.
Cunnersdorf see Kunnersdorf
Cunningham, district, Scot., in Ayrshire.
Cunningham's Island, small island, in Lake
Erie, a. short distance NW. of the entrance of
Sandusky bay.
Cunnoor, r. Wales, which runs into the Tave,
in the county of Glamorgan.
Cunuguati, or Cunugnales, or Nueva Villa
Bica,X. S. A., in Buenos- Ay^es, and province of
Paraguay. Cunt/, small isl., Ireland, in Sligo Bay ; 5 W.
Sligo. Cuolagh Bay, bay, Ireland, on SW. coast of
the county of Cork, at S. side of the entrance
into Kenmare river. Lon. 9. 63. W. Lat 51.
38. N.
Cuomi, X. China, of the third rank, in Chang-
tong ; 15 NW. Kiao.
Cuorgne, X. Piedmont, on the Oreo ; 10 SW.
Ivrea. Pop. 3,250. Here is a gymnasium.
Cupar, X. Scot, in Fifeshire ; 15 SE. Perth,
23 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 1. W. Lat. 56. 18. N.
Pop. 4,758. It is the county town, neat, well
built, with paved streets, situated on N. bank of
the river Eden, where it is joined by a small
stream, called St Mary.
Cupar-Angus, X. Scot, in the counties of An
gus and Perth, near the Tay ; 12 NNE. Perth,
13 SW. Forfar. Lon. 3. 14. W. Lat. 56. 33. N.
Pop. 2,690. The streets are paved and lighted
¦with lamps. Near it are the marks of a square
camp, formed by Agricola ; on the centre of
which Malcolm IV. founded a Cistertian monas-
tery. Cupco, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia;- 20 N.
Suczava, 100 NW. Jassy.
Cupertino, t. Naples, Otranto ; 6 NE. Nardo.
Cupertool, X. Hind., in Lahore.
Cupica, s-p. h bay, S. A., on SE. side of Pa
nama, following the coast of the Pacific ocean,
from Cape St. Miguel to Cape Corrientes. This
is thought by Humboldt the most favourable
point for connecting the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans by a canal. From the bay of Cupica
there is a passage of only 15 or 18 miles over
a countiy quite level and suited to a canal, to
the head of navigation of . the river Naipi, a
branch of the river Atrato, which flows into
the Atlantic. Gogueneche, a Biscayan pilot, is
said to have first pointed out this spot as almost
the only place where the chain of the Andes is
completely interrupted, and a canal thus made
practicable. Cupinova, t. Servia, on the river Save ; 16
SSW. Belgrade.

Cupola, small round island, in the Mergui
Archipelago. Cuperteleh, X. Lahore ; 14 S. Jallinder.
Cupperwange, t. Guzerat ; 25 ESE. Amedabad.
Cuppis, X. Finland.
Cuq, X. France, in Tarn ; 15 NE. Castres.
Cuq, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 8 SE.
Agen. Pop. 622.
Curagao, isl. in the Carribean sea, about 75
m. from the continent of S. A., belonging to
the Netherlands ; 30 miles long, and 10 broad ;
producing sugar and tobacco, also large and
small cattle ; but not generally fertile. It has
several good ports, particularly one on the
southern coast, called St. Barbara, where a
great trade was formerly carried on by the
Dutch in African slaves. Lon. 69. 26. W. Lat.
12. N. Pop. 8,500. The principal towns are
Curacao and Williamstadt. The city of Curacao
is well situated, and elegantly built. It is full
of store-houses, and provided with every spe
cies of merchandize. Williamstadt is considered
the capital.
Curaconda, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 46 W.
by S. Guntoor.
Curan, X. on E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 117. 30.
E. Lat. 1. 57. N.
Curaray, r. S. A., which runs into the river of
the Amazons.
Curatuck Creek, see Currituck.
Curba, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 15. 24.
E. Lat. 44. 13. N.
Curchi, X. Hind., Bahar ; 25 NE. Maisery.
Curco, (an. Corycus,) X. A. Turkey, in Car
amania ; 35 SW. Tarsus. It is near a mountain
of the same name.
Curcondap, X. Hind., in Hydrabad ; 95 E. by
S. Hydrabad.
Curcumbaury, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 23
miles from Bomrauzepollam.
Curcunda, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 8 SW.
Culloor. Curcuson, X. Little Bukharia ; 45 S. Acsu.
Curdistan, (an. Assyria,) country, Asia, in
habited by the Curds, part of it lying in Arme
nia, and part in Persia. The Curds are suppos
ed to be descendants from the ancient Chalde
ans ; they live chiefly by plunder, and are not
subject either to the Turks or Persians; they
have great numbers of cattle, which they drive
with them, and are often shifting places in
search of a new pasture. Among the towns are
Van, Betlis, Amadia, Kerkook, and Ardebil.
Cure, r. France, which runs into the Yonne,
a little above Cravant.
Curee, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 10 E. Saseram.
Curel, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 3 N. Join-
ville. Curelassos, X. on S. coast of Floras island.
Lon. 121. 45. E. Lat. 8. 53. S.
Curematay, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 6. 20. S.
Curemonte, X. France, in Correze; 13 SE.
Brive. Pop. 729.
Curen, X. Africa, in Barca, anciently called
Cyrene, by a colony of Greeks, who settled
here from the island of Thera. Lon. 21. 20. E.
Lat. 32. 48. N. It was once the capital of a
flourishing Greek colony. It still has an excel
lent road for vessels, but scarcely any inhabi-

CUR

CUR

•fonts, the trade having been transferred to
Derne and Bingazi.
Curenah, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 15 S. Bahar.
Curgie, v. Scot., with a small harbour, on
coast of the county of Wigton, in Luce Bay ;
3 N Mull of Galloway.
Curgong, X. Bengal ; 45 SE. Moorshedabad.
Curia, now Coire.
Curia Mwria, bay on SE. coast of Arabia, 40
miles long, and 16 broad, containing several
islands. Lon. 57. E. Lat 17. 45. N.
Curias, or Curium, see Piscopia, and Cblosse.
Curiaco Bay, see Coriaco.
Curicta, now Veglia.
Curigliano, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on a
river of the same name ; 6 W. Rossano.
Curigliano, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento,"5 NE. Curigliano.
Curiguara, X. La Paz ; 70 SW. La Paz.
Curimon, X. Chili ; 70 NE. Valparaiso.
Curio,t. A. Turkey, Caramania; 15E.Seltefkeh.
Curipum, X. Hind., in the Northern Circars ;
40 NW. Cicacole.
Curisch Haff, or the Gulf of Courland, lake,
or gulf of Prussia, along side of the Baltic, from
¦which it is separated by the Curisch Nerung,
extending from Memel to Lablaw, about 70
miles. The breadth is very unequal, being wide
to the S. and narrow towards the N.
Curisch Nerung, tongue of land, separating
the Curisch Haff from the Baltic.
Curlew Mountains, mountains, Ireland, in the
county of Sligo ; 17 S. Sligo.
Curlignano, X. Naples, Otranto : 8 W. Otranto.
Curobis, now Gurba.
Currticpour, X. Bengal ; 4 S. Midnapour.
Curraghoe Mountains, mts. Ireland, in the
county of Tyrone ; 15 SW. Strabane.
Currah, circar, Hind, in Allahabad, bounded
N. and NE. by the Ganges, which separates it
from the circar of ManickpoUr, SE. by the cir
car of Allahabad, SW. by the Jumnah, and W.
by the Corah. Currah is the capital.
Currah, X. Hind., and capital of a circar, in
Allahabad, on the Ganges ; 30 NW. Allahabad,
70S. Lucknow. Lon.81.36. E. Lat.25.45.N.
Curraly, X. Hind., in Oude ; 20 W. Allahabad.
Curranpour, X. Hind., in Bahar; 33 WSW.
Arrah. Curraw, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 20 S. Arrah.
Current Island; small isl. in the Pacific ocean,
scarcely larger than a rock. Lon. 134. 3. E.
Lat. 4. 40; N.
Cnrrer, X. Hind., in the country of Visiapour ;
22 SSE. Sattarah, 60 W. Visiapour. Lon. 74.
36. E. Lat. 17. 28. N.
Currie, v. h parish, Scot., in Edinburgshire,
on the Leith; 5 SW. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,321.
Here is an old castle, called Lenox Tower,
occasionally the residence of Mary queen of
Scots, f'when love was young, and Darnley
kind " About a mile from it is the romantic
glen, where the scene of Ramsay's Gentle Shep
herd was laid.
Curribarry, pr. Bengal, boundedN.by Ranga-
matty, E. by Assam, S. by Dacca, and W. by
Patladah and Baharbund ; about 40 miles long,
and 20 broad. It is mountainous and woody.
Carringur, X. Bengal; 4 N. Midnapour.
Vn.rrimgp.nge, t Bengal ; 35 SW. Silhet.

Currituck Creek, r. N. C, which runs into the
Pamlico sound, Lon. 76. 42. W. Lat. 35. 26. N.
Currituck, co. NE. part of N. C. ; W. 263.
Pop. in 1810, 6,985; slaves, 1,631. Pop. in
1820, 8,098.
Currituck, isl., in the Atlantic, near the coast
of N. C-. ; about 30 miles long, and 2 broad.
Lon. 75. 58. W. Lat. 36. 10. N.
Currituck Inlet, narrow channel between Cur
rituck and another sriiall island. Lon. 76. 2. W.
Lat. 36. 13. N.
Currituck Inlet, (New.) narrow channel be
tween 2 small islands on the- coast of N. C. Lon.
76. 1, W. Lat. 36. 24. N.
Curro, X: Hind.; 45 NW. Poonah.
Currode, t. Hind., in Orissa ; 30 E. by N.
Bustar. Curron, X. Hind., Bahar ; 26 WNW. Arrah
Currowly, X. Hind., Baglana ; 25 S. Damaun.
Curruagee, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 27 W. Arrah.
Curruah, X. Hind., in Sohagepour; 10 N. So
hagepour. Curruckdeah, circar, Bengal, bounded NE. by
Ghidore, E. by Birboom, S. by Pachete, and
SW. by Ramgur; 50 miles long, and 25 broad.
Curruckdeah is the capital.
Curruckdeah, X. Bengal, and capital of a circar
of the same name ; 85 SE. Patna, 162 NW. Cal
cutta. Lon. 86. 20. E. Lat. 24. 25. N.
Curruckpour, circar, Bengal, bounded NE.by
Boglipour, SE. by Hendooa, SW. by Ghidore,
and W. and NW. by Bahar; about 55 miles
long, and 26broad. Curruckpour is the capital.
Curruckpour, X. Bengal and capital of a circar
of the same name, situated in a mountainous
district ; 78 ENE. Patna, 180 NNW. Calcutta,
Lon. 86. 43. E. Lat. 25. 7. N.
Currumass, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 60 SE. Delhi.
Currwmfully,r. Hind., which runs into the bay
qf Bengal, 10 miles below Islamabad.
Currumpoody, X. Hind., in the Palnaud; 15
SE. Timerycotta.
Currumpour, X. Bengal; 40 SE. Nattore.
Curry, fort, Hind., in Bahar ; 21 S. Bahar.
Curry Waugh,p-v.ls\e of Wight co. Va. ; W.216.
Currydah, X. Bengal ; 22 S. Dinagepour.
Curryhee, mt. Franklin co. Georgia, 3 mites
froiri Tuccoa falls. The height is estimated at
1,500 or 1,600 feet, and the summit- presents a
view of singular grandeur.
Curryulnaur, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 26 SW.
Periapatam. Corso, t. Hind., in Bahar; 23 SW. Patna.
Cursay, or Curzay, X. France, in Vienne ; 12
SW. Poitiers. Pop. 837.
Curso, X. Hind., iii the circar of Sumbulpour;
12 SW. Sumbulpour.
Curtalone, X. Italy ; 4 W. Mantua.
Curtchavid,X. Hind., in the circar of Cuddapa ;
28 NNE. Cuddapa.
Curtelly, X. Hind., in the circar of Ruttun
pour; 10 NW. Dumdah.
Curlicera, X. Walachia, on the Alaut ; 16 N.
Brancovani. Curuan, X. on S. coast of the island of Min
danao. Lon. 122. 25. E. Lat 6. 52. N.
Curuan, or Quariana, range of small islands
in the Atlantic, near the coast of Brazil, N. the
Amazon. Lat 0. 50. N.
Curval, t. France, jn Tarn ; 12 E. Alby.

cus

469

CUT

Curumah, X. Hind,, in Bahar ; 70 SSE. Patna.
Curume, X. S. A. in Popayan ; 30 NW. Santa
Fe de Antioquia.
Cunens, p-v.. Lawrence co. Mississippi; W.
1,114. Curuguaty, X. Paraguay. Lon. 56. 54. W, Lat.
24. 28. S. Pop. 2,260.
Cumpa, X. Brazil, on S. side of the river of
the Amazons, built by the Dutch ; now in pos
session of the Portuguese ; 60 E. Para. Lon.
63. 10. W. Lat. 1. 24. S.
Curupu-luba, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Amazon, at Curupa.
Cururui, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 11.30. S.
Cururuy, r. Brazil, which runs into the Parana.
Curwan, X. Guzerat ; 24 NE. Baroach.
Curwar, X. Hind., in Oude ; 35 SSE. Pillibeat
Curwinsville, p-v. Clearfield co. Pa.; 169
Harrisburg, W. 233.
Curya, X. Oude ; 30 E. Mahomdy.
Curygong, X. Bengal ; 18 E. Rungpour.
Curypum, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 90 W. by N.
Ganjam. Curzelow, X. Poland ; 52 N. Cracow.
Curzola, or Corzola, (an. Corcyra Nigra,)
small isl. Dalmatia, in the gulf of Venice, ceded
by Ragusa to the Venetians in the year 1386,
and now belonging to Austria. It abounds in
wood, which makes the situation convenient
for building ships ; and produces good wine. It
contains one city, and several villages ; 30 miles
long, and 8 broad. Lon. 17. 6. E. Lat. 43. 17.
N. Pop. 6,447. Sq. m 233.
Curzola, t. at E. end of the island so called.
It is fortified with strong walls and towers, and
has a good harbour. Pop. 800. Bp. see.
Curzolari, (an. Oxiaz, Echina Insula, and
Echinades,) island, or rather 5 small islands,
which are little more than rocks, in the Medi
terranean, near the coast of Greece ; 12 E.
Cephalonia. Lon. 21. 18. E. Lat. 38. 36. N.
Cusana, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 21 SW. Udina, 28
W. Palma la Nuova.
Cusano, X. Naples, in Lavora ; 22 NE. Capua.
Pop. 3,409.
Cusawago Creek, r. Pa. which joins French
Creek, at Meadville.
Cusco, or Cuzco, city, Peru, capital of an in-
tendency ofthe same name, the ancient capital
ofthe Peruvian empire ; 550 ESE. Lima. Lon.
71. 4. W. Lat. 13 42. S. Pop. stated from 20,
to 32,000. Bp. see. It was founded, accord
ing to tradition, in 1043, by Manca Capac, the
first Inca of Peru, on a rough and unequal
plain, formed by the skirts of various moun
tains, which are washed by the small river
Guatanay. The wall was of an extraordinary
height, and built of stone with an astonishing
neatness. The Spaniards in 1534, found the
houses built with stone ; and amongthematem-
ple of the sun, a great number of magnificent
palaces, whose principal ornaments were of
god and silver, which glittered on the walls. —
Cusco is at present a large city ; the houses are
built of stone, and covered with red tiles ; the
apartments are well distributed ; the mouldings
of the doors are gilt, and the furniture not less
magnilicent. The cathedral church is large, all
of stone, and of an elegant and noble architec

ture. There are 6 parish churches, 9 convents,
4 hospitals, 4 nunneries, a college, and a uni
versity. About three fourths of the inhabitants
are Indians.
Cuse, X. France, in Doubs ; 9 N. Baume.
Cnserund, or Casereund, t. Persia, in Mekran.
Lon. 60. 43. E. Lat. 26. 20. N. H. 600. It is
situated in a fertile valley which produces
wheat, rice, and dates in great abundance.
Cuseuswr, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 75 S. Ispahan.
Cushai, r. N. C. which runs SE. into Albe
marle sound, N. of the Roanokte.
Cushancollam, X. Hind., in Marawar ; 20 SW.
Ramanagur. Cusheeny, r. Ireland, which runs into the Lit
tle Barrow, 7 ENE. Fortarlington.
Cushendon Bay, small bay of Ireland, on E.
coast of the county of Antrim. Lon. 5. 53. W.
Lat 55. 7. N.
Cushhook Indians, N. America, on the Mult
nomah. No. 650.
Cushing, X. Lincoln co. Maine ; 33 E. Wis
casset, 200 NE. Boston. Pop. 600.
Cusmow, X. Bengal ; 20 SSE. Currucpour.
Cussac, X. France, in Upper Vienne ; 7 SW.
St. Flour. Pop. 2,564.
Cussansee, X. Bengal ; 30 NW. Purneah.
Cussens, r. Cumberland co. Maine, which
runs into Casco bay.
Cusset, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Allier, on a small river, which soon
after joins the Allier ; 24 SE. Montmirault, 27
S. Moulins, Lon. 3. 32. E. Lat. 46. 8. N. Pop.
3,946. Cussewago, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 642.
Cussiano, t. Italy ; 6 W. Faenza.
Cussii, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile ;
15 S. Ashmunein.
Custee, t. Bengal ; 45 SE. Moorshedabad.
Custine, or Condi sur Moselle, X. France, in
Meurte, on the Moselle ; 6 NNW. Nancy.
Custor, r. Hungary, which runs into the The
isse, near its conflux with the Danube.
Cuslrin, or Kustrin, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in
Frankfort, on the Oder, formerly capital of the
New Mark of Brandenburg ; 48 E. Berlin. Lon
14. 48. E. Lat. 52. 38. N. Pop. 4,585. H. 562.
It is very strong by art and nature, and con
tains only about 200 houses within the walls ¦
but the 3 fauxbourgs are more extensive, and
handsomer than the town. There are 4 churches
3 magazines, 2 hospitals, a gymnasium, fac. .'
Cusus, now Waag.
Cutaki, X. Hind., in North Canara, above the
Western Gauts. Lon. 74. 48. E. Lat. 14. 52. N.
Cutch, countiy, Hind., bounded N. by the"
sandy deserts, which separate it from the coun
try of Agimere, E. by Guzerat, S. by an arm of
the sea, called the Gulf of Cutch, and W. by
Sindy. The principal towns are Booge-booge
and Tahej. 6
Culchaw, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the Soane •
25 SSW. Arrah. '
Cutchnagur, see Noanagur.
Cutchnor, X. Hind., in the circar of Chande
ree ; 21 N. Seronge.
Cutchogue, p-v. Suffolk co. N. Y. ; W 340
Cutchubary, X. Bootan ; 34 NW. Bisnee
Cutfoot Creek,, r. N. €., which runs into tho
Neuse, Lon. 86. 68. W. Lat 34. 57. N.

cux

470

CYt>

Cutgurrah, t Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 24 NE.
Ruttunpour. Cuthni, t. Kemaoon ; 70 NW. Kerigar.
Cuthur, t Hind., Guzerat ; 45 SSW. Gogo.
Cutigliano, t. Tuscany; 15 NNW. Pistoia.
Cutkurry, t. Hind., in Boggilcund; 40 ENE.
Rewah. Cutlamary, X. Bengal, on the right bank of
the Ganges ; 18 ENE. Moorshedabad.
Cutro, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra.
Cutsalmim Indians, N. America, on the Co
lumbia. No. 1,200.
Cuttack, see^Cattack.
Cultapetty, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 8 NNE. Co
imbetore. Cuttapowr, t. Hind., in Guzerat, on the gulf
of Cutch ; 50 SSW. Gogo.
Cuttamungulum, t. Hind., in the Carnatic;
24 SE. Palamcotta.
Cuttera, X. Hind., in Rohilcund; 20 SSE.Be-
reilly. Cutteragvrra, t. Mysore ; 15 SSW. Amboor.
CuHerya, X. Bahar ; 37 SW. Boglipour.
Cuttiparah, t. Orissa; 36 W. Balasore.
Cuttoolpour, t. Bengal ; 14 E. Bissunpour.
Cutlofe, t. Guzerat, on the Taptee ; 10 E.
Surat. Cuttree, X. Hind,, in Bahar ; 10 SE. Bahar.
Cutlry, X. Bengal ; 30 S. Purneah.
Cutis, isl. on the coast of Maine, opposite
to York co.
Cullub Minor, a remarkable pillar, Hind. ; 15
SW. Delhi. Its base is a polygon of 27 sides,
and is 242 feet high ; having a regular spiral
staircase inside leading to the summit.
Cuttupdeah, small isl. in the bay of Bengal,
near the coast. Lon. 93. 7, E. Lat. 21. 49. N.
Cutwa, t. Bengal, on the Hoogly ; 30 S. Cos
simbazar, 75 N. Calcutta. The Baptists have 4
missionaries here, with a number of schools
under their direction.
Cutwara, fort, Hind., in Oude; 35 N. Ma-
nickpour. Lon. 81. 33. E. Lat. 26. 20. N.
Cutwara, X. Hind., in Oude ; 10 N. Lucknow.
Cuty, or Nealam, t Thibet ; 240 WSW. Lassa.
Lon. 87. 5. E. Lat. 28. 22. N.
Cuvagna, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 5 N. Udina.
Cuves, X. France, Channel ; 10 E. Avranches.
H. 220.
Cuvilty, X. France, in Somme ; 7 SE. Mont-
didier. Cuvio, t. Italy ; 15 NW. Como.
Cuvo, r. Africa,- which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 12. 30. S.
Cuxac, X. France, Aude ; 5 NE. Narbonne.
Cuxhaven, s-p. Ger., belonging to the city and
government of Hamburg, at the mouth of the
Elbe ; 60 WNW. Hamburg. Lon. of the light
house 8. 49. E. Lat. 53. 52. N. Pop. 386. The
harbour is large and commodious ; one of the
safest on the coast, and is resorted to in all
cases of danger. Here vessels generally take
in pilots to go up the river to Hamburg, fac.
These pilots are privileged, and by their statutes
are compelled always to keep a yatcht out at
sea near the outermost buoy, with pilots ready
to conduct any vessel which may demand as
sistance. Cuxella, t. Peru, in Truxillo ; 50 W. Chaca-
pore.

Cuyn, or Zuya, r. Spain, which rises in the
mountains of La Mancha, and runs. into the
Guadiana, near Serena, in Estramadura.
Cuya, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near NE.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 117. 50. E. Lat.6.27.N.
Cuyaba, or Jesus de Cuyaba, X. Brazil, capital
of Matto Grosso, on the river Cuyaba, nearly
300 miles above its entrance into the Paraguay ;
280 W. Villa Rica. In the neighbourhood of
this town are the most western mining stations
in Brazil, long celebrated for the quantity of
gold they produce. The town is well provid
ed with meat, fruits, and vegetables, and the
surrounding country is fruitful.
Cuyaba, r. Brazil, which runs into the Para
guay, Lat, 19. 10. S.
Cuyahoga, co. Ohio, on lake Erie. Pop. in
1S10, 1,459; in 1820,6,326. Chief town, Cleve
land. Cuyahoga, r. Ohio, which rises in Geauga co.,
and after a winding course of above 60 miles,
flows into lake Erie, at Cleveland. It is nav
igable for a considerable distance, and is con
nected with the Taskarawas, a branch of the
Muskingum, by a portage of 7 J miles.
Cuyck, t. Brabant, in a small territory of the
same name, of which Grave is the capital ; 4
ESE. Grave, 12 W. Cleves. Pop. 1,200.
Cuyo, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
121. 5. E. Lat 10. 58. N.
Cuyo, or Cujo, or Cuyto, or Chiquito, former
ly a province of Chili ; but being situated on
E. side of the Andes, placed under the viccroy-
alty of Buenos Ayres. It is now divided into
three provinces, Puhta St. Luis, Mendoza, and
St. Juan. It is bounded N. by Tucuman, E. by
the province of Cordova, and S. and W. by
Chili. It produces excellent grapes, and wine
and brandy are principal exports. There are
several towns, the chief of which are Mendoza
and St. Juan de Frontera.
Cuyolepec, X. Mexico, in Fuebla; 80 SSE.
Puebla de los Angelos.
Cuyuco, t. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 6 NE.
Zacatula. Cuzar, X. Grand Bukharia, situated on a
mountain ; 20 S. Kesh.
Cuzcatlan, see St. Salvador.
Cuzeau, X. France, in Saone-and-Loire ; 10
SSE. Loutrans. Pop. 1,694.
Cyabu, r. Brazil, which runs into the Para
guay. Cyclades. The ancients reckoned 53 islands
in the jEgean sea, between Tenedos and Crete,
which they comprehended under two general
denominations. Those which form a circle
round Delos, they called Cyclades, from the
Grfeek word cycios, a circle. Those at a greater
distance, they call Sporades, from the Greek
word speiro, to spread or scatter. The Cyclades,
according to Strabo, were Helena, Ceos, Cyth-
nus, Seriphus, Melos, Siphus, Cimolis, Prepe-
sinthus, Olearus, Naxos, Paros, Cyrus, Tenos,
Myconus, Andros, and Gyaros. Most of these
are situated S. of Delos, so that it is not strictly
in the centre.
Cydomus, now Gadamis.
Cydames, r. Natolia, which runs S. into the
Levant, at Tarsus. It is now called Carasu.
Cydonia, now Canea.

CYR

471

CZE

Cylipenus, now Gulf of Riga.
Cyllene, now Chiarenza.
Cu Hen his Mons, now Monte di Viterbo.
Cyme, now Nemourt.
Cynthiania, p-t. fa cap. Harrison co. Ken
tucky, on a branch of Licking river; 13 N.
Paris, 24 N. Lexington, W. 526. Pop. in 1810,
369. It is a flourishing town, and contains a
court house, a jail, a market house, a bank, an
academy, and had in 1817, about 100 houses.
It has some cotton and woollen manufactures,
and there are several valuable mills in the town
and vicinity.
Cynthiania, p-t. Pasey co. Indiana ; 202 In-
dianopolis, W. 750.
Cymryd, v. North Wales, in Caernarvon ; 2
Aberconway. Cyparissa, now Arcadia.
Cyparisi, or Tyros, X. Morea ; 18 S. Argo.
Cyprus, isl. in the Mediterranean sea ; about
50 S. ofthe coast of Asia Minor. Lon. 33. E.
Lat. 36. N. ; about 150 miles long, and 75
broad. Sq. m. 8,330. Pop. according to Con
nor, in 1820, 64,500 ; 40,000 Greeks ; 14,000
Turks ; 600 Maronites.
It was known in ancient times by many dif
ferent names ; as Acamdnlis, Ceraslis, Asphelia,
Amathusia, Macaria, Cryptos, Colinia, Erosa,
Paphos, Salumis, Cytherea; in the Old Testa
ment Chetim and Chittim. It was consecrated
to Venus, and represented by the poets as the
birthplace of that goddess, and the abode of the
Graces. It was much celebrated in ancient
times for its ample population, (computed at up
wards of 1,000,000,) its great fertility, its smiling
aspect, and above all as the abode of gaiety
and pleasure. Dr. Clarke thus describes its pres
ent impoverished state under the oppressive
government of the Turks ; " agriculture neg
lected, inhabitants oppressed, population des
troyed, pestiferous air, contagion, poverty, in
dolence, desolation."
It is nearly traversed from east to west by
two chains of mountains, very lofty, and cov
ered with snow in the winter. In the level
parts the summer heat is intense. The soil is
naturally very fertile. The staple production
is wine, very famous in the Levant, but un
pleasant to English palates, on account of a
sickly sweetness. Other productions are corn
of excellent quality, cheese, wool, silk, and
salt. The island was once famous for mines,
the positions of which cannot now be recog
nised. The Cypriots, like their ancestors, are
greatly addicted to pleasure. They are tall, well
made, and have an agreeable air; the females
still display that beauty of form and features
for which they were so much celebrated in an
cient times. — None of the Greek islands offers a
richer harvest to the antiquary. Extensive col
lections of gems, medals, and intaglios may be
easily made. The chief towns are Nicosia
Larnic, and Famagusta.
Cyrenaica, NW. part of ancient Lybia, now a
part of Tripoli ; see Mesurada.
Cyrene, now Curen.
Cyrnos, see Corsica.
Cyropolis, now Kesker.
Cyrrhus, and Cyrrhestka, now Corus.
Cyrrts, now Knr.

Cysamus, now Chimaso.
Cyta, now Cotatis.
Cylliaum, now Settia.
Cythera, now Cerigo,
Cythnus, now Thermia.
Cytorus, now Kadros.
Cyzicus, formerly an island, now a peninsula
on the south side of the sea of Marmora. Its
chief town, of the same name was of some note
in ancient times, but is now in ruins.
Czarskoselo, or Tsarskoselo, the summer resi
dence of the Russian sovereigns ; 14 miles from
Petersburg, towards Novgorod. The palace is
of brick and is nearly 800 feet long, and has
splendid apartments.
Czachec, X. Rus. Grodno ; 28 ENE. Brzesc.
Czarnaki, t. Podolia ; 60 NNE. Kaminiec.
Czarnewezyce, X. Rus. Grodno ; 10 NNE.
Brzesc. Czarnikow, t. Prussia, in Posen ; 26 N. Po
sen. Pop. 1,722.
Csarnokozynecsie, t. Podolia; 12 W. Kami
niec. Czarnowaus, t. Pru. Silesia, in Oppeln ; 4 N.
Oppeln. Pop. 618.
Czarlekow, X. Podolia ; 30 NW. Kaminiec.
Czartorisko, t. Volhynia; 42 NNE. Lucko.
Czaslau, or Tschaslau, X. Bohemia, capital of
circle to which it gives name, on the Crudem-
ka; 42 ESE. Prague. Lon. 16, 24. E. Lat. 49.
49. N. Pop. 2,524. In the church is a tomb of
the celebrated Zisca, the chief of the Hussites.
Pop. ofthe circle 178,259. Sq.m. 1,314.
Czaslawsk, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 12 SW.
Ledetsch. Czatalda, (an. Crannum,) X. Greece, in Thes-
salv, on a river, upon the road to Zeiton.
Pop. 3,000.
Czatzja, X. Hungary, on the river Kussutsha ;
48 N. Cremnitz, 104 NE. Vienna.
Czay Kowka, X. Volhynia ; 38 NE. Zytomien.
Czazac, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia ; 20 NNE
Novibasar. Czazin, X. Croatia ; 20 SSW. Novi.
Czazniki, t. Rus. Polotsk ; 45 SE. Polotsk.
Czechowitz, t. Moravia, Teschen. Pop. 1,865.
Czechtitz, X. Bohemia, < in Czaslau; 10 SW.
Ledetsch. Czeczora, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the
Pruth ; 14 E. Jassy.
Czeilte, t. Hungary ; 20 W. Topoltzan.
Czekryn, t. Rus. Kiev ; 44 SSE. Czerkasy
Czelakowilz, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 8 SE,
Kosteletz. Czenstochowa, or Czestowchow, t. Poland, in
Kalisch, on the Warta ; 50 NNW. Cracow.
Pop. 3,026.
Czerekwe, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 80 SE. Pil-
gram. H. 160.
Czerlosin, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 7 NW.
Mies. Czernahora, X. Moravia, in Brunn; 14 N.
Brunn. Lon. 16. 23. E. Lat 49.8. N. Pop. 690.
Czernaucii, or Ciarnaux, X. Moldavia, on the
Pruth; 9 NNW. Jassy; 18 S. Choczim. Lon
26. 54. E. Lat. 48. 35. N.
Czernavoda, t Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 12
S. Ruscek, 42 N. Ternova. '
Czemigov, see TcAernigou.
Czernitz, or Tscherinek, (an. Zernes,) t. Wa-

DAC

472

DAC

lachia, near N. side of the Danube ; 44 E. Bel
grade, 106 W. Bucharest. Lon. 22. 17. E Lat
44. 52. N.
Czemitz, t. Bohemia, in Saatz; 8 S. Saatz.
Czemilz, r. Croatia, which runs into the Ve-
tika; 9 S. Ivanitz.
Czemqbel, t Rus. Kiev ; 60 N. Kiev.
Csemogrod, X. Rus. Kiev; 40 ENE. Zyto-
miers. Czernowitz, t. Hungary, on the Gran; 11
NNW. Bukans.
Czernowitz, t. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 13 ESE.
Tabor. ,
Czernowitz, or Tchernowitz, X. Austrian Gali,
cia, capital of Bukowina, on S. bank of the
Pruth ; 95 NW. Jassy, 140 SE. Lemburg. Lon.
26. 33. E. Lat. 48. 26. N. Pop. 5,411. H, 820.
Greek abp. see. It is pleasantly situated, and
contains a provincial school ana a central cus
tom house.
Czersk, t. Poland, in Masovia, on the Vistula ;
30 S. Warsaw. Pop. 410.
Czerwenitz, v. Upper Hungary, not far from
Cassovia ; remarkable for its opal mines.
Czerwinsk, X. Poland, on the Vistula ; 25
WNW. Warsaw. Fop. 246.

Czerwonagrad, t. Podolia; 30 W. Kaminiec.
Czestin, X. Bohemia, Czaslau ; 13 Czaslau.
Czetezula, X. Moldavia ; 6 S. Jassy.
Czetnek, X. Hungary ; 26 W. Caschau.
Czelwernia, X. Volhynia ; 16 N. Lucko.
Czeucani, X. Moldavia ; 5 W< Birlat
Czicsereda, X. Transylvania ; 85 NE. Herman-
stadt. Lon. 25. 20. E. Lat. 46. 34. N.
Czierl, v. in Tyrol, situated in the midst of
precipitous and rocky mountains.
Cziglin, X. Sclavonia ; 7 NW. Brod.
Czirkwitz, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau; 4 NW.
Czaslau. Czirniechow, t. Volhynia; 12 W. Zytomiers.
Cznielow, t. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 24 NW.
Sandomirz. Czochwiace, X. Rus. Kiev; 4 S. Bialacerkiev.
Czongrad, see Csongrod.
Czornow, X. Rus. Grodno ; 18 SSW. Brzesc.
Czudnatz, t. Poland, Lublin ; 40 NW. Lublin.
Czudnow, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 24 SW. Zyto
miers. Pop. 3,330.
Czugur, r. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, which
runs into the Pruth, near Stephanowze.
Czyrkassi, X. Russia, in Kiev, on the Dnieper;
95 SSE. Kiev, 130 E. Braclaw.

D.

DAALHAUSEN, t. Pru. Westphalia, in
Minden ; NNE. Warburg.
Daalheim, see Dalem.
Ifabai, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile;
20 S. Cairo.
Daben, X. Pomerania; 18 NW. Treptow.
Dabenkanoo, X. Hind., in Mewar; 26 ESE.
Cheitore. Daber, X. Pru. Pomerania; 18 NE. Stargard.
Lon. 15. 21. E. Lat. 53. 42. N. Pop. 856.
I Dabhausen, X. Pru. Coblentz ; 8 NW. Wetz-
lar ; near it are mines of copper.
Dabo, or Dachsperg, X. France, in Meurte,
situated on the mountains of Vosges, near the
source of the Sarre ; 7 SSW. Savern.
Dabogya, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 35 E. Gohud.
Daboyan, settlement, Mexico, in Cinaloa,
between Mayo and Fuerte.
Dabrashin, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile; 12 N.Cairo.
Dabul, X. India, on the coast of Concan ; 75
S. Bombay. Lon. 72. 58. E. Lat. 17. 52. N.
The principal commerce is in pepper and salt.
Dabusia, x. Grand Bukharia ; 45 W. Samar
cand. Dabzyca, t. Poland ; 20 WNW. Kalisch.
Dacadma, lake Amazonia, in the country pos
sessed by the Portuguese, formed by an arm of
the Maranon.

Dacarron, large convenient bay on W. side
ofthe most considerable ofthe Falkland islands.
Dacca, city, Hind., in Bahar; 35 E. Bettiah.
Lon. 85. 23. E. Lat. 26. 38. N.
Dacca Jelalpore, pr. Bengal, chiefly between
Lat. 23. and 24. N.; bounded N. by Mymun-
singh, E. by Tipperah, S. by Backergunge, and
W. by Ranjeshahy and Jessore. Sq. m. 15,397.
Pop. 938,712 ; 14J Mahometans to 13 Hindoos.
It is watered by the Ganges and Burrampooter,
and their branches ; esteemed the richest and
largest district of Bengal, and the granary for
rice, which is the principal production. Other
articles are betel nut, tobafcco, cotton, fac. —
Principal towns, Dacca, Narraingunge; Suner-
gong, and Rajanagur •
Dacca, city, Bengal, capital of the above dis
trict, and for 80 years the capital of Bengal, on
the Boor Gunga, or Old Ganges, a deep and
broad river, 100 miles from the sea ; 120 ESE.
Moorshedabad, 130 NE. Calcutta. Lon. 90.
17. E. Lat. 23. 42. N. Pop. estimated at 150,
or 200,000. Its situation is extremely favourable
for trade, as the river communicates with the
various inland navigations. The houses of the
wealthy are built of brick, but the bazars are
only tiled or thatched ; but as every vacant spot
is filled up with trees, from a distance it looks
like a grove. The country around is level.

DAF

473

DAft

overflowed during the Tairiy season, *nd almost
always covered with verdure. In this city and
vicinity are manufactured those beautiful mus
lins, which are exported to all parts of the ci
vilized world. Here is also an extensive manu
facture of shell bracelets.
Daccapilly, X. Hind., in Palnaud ; 15 E. Ti-
meiycotta. Dachau, X. Bavaria, capital of a district, in
Isar, on an eminence, near the river Ammer,
with a seat of the late elector ; 10 NW. Munich.
Pop. 901,
Dadieet, r in NW. part of Louisiana, which
iraws S. into the N. end of lake Bistineau.
Dachsbach, X. Bav. ; 7 NE. Neustadt.
Dachshincut, pr. Assam, S. of the Burram-
pooter. Dachsltin, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 8 W.
Strasburg. Pop. 482.
Dachstetten, X. Bav. ; 9 NNW. Anspach.
Dachstull, X. Pru. Treves ; 22 SE. Treves.
Docio, now Walachia, Moldavia, Bessarabia,
Transylvania, and a part of Hungary.
Dacino, v. Quito, in Pasto, which flows S. and
joins the Coco, in Lat. 30. S.
Dado, X. Italy ; 15 NNW. Bellinzona.
Davkenem, or . Dackquenem, X. Flanders; 8
NE. Ghent. Pop. 3,396.
Dackilceali, r. Bengal, which runs into the
Ganges. Dackowny, X. Hind., in Malwa; 10 NW.
Chanderee. Dackhul, peninsula of Tunis, situated between
the gulf of Tunis and Hamam-et. Cape Bon
forms N. extremity.
Dacuro, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat. 68. 35. N.
Dadacardim, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 60
S. Diarbekir.
Dodai, t. Natolia ; 20 NNW. Castamena.
Dadari, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 52 W. Delhi, 100 ]
SE. Sirhind. Lon. 76. 41. E. Lat. 28. 47. N.
Dadaslana, X. Bithynia, on the Sangaris, be
tween Ancyra and Nice.
Dadebi, X. Turkish Armenia, in Kars ; 22 E.
Ardanoudje, 30 NNE. Kars.
Dadeler,X. A.Turkey , Caramania ; 12 N. Cogni.
Daden, X. Pru., in Coblentz, near which are
some mines of copper; 8 S. Siegen. Pop. 861.
Dadinan, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 20 N. Jaron.
Dadist, Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, near Parnas
sus, near the river Cephissus; 50 N. Castri,
75 S. Larissa. Pop. 9,000. Here are consider
able ruins supposed to be those of the ancient
<eity of Amphiclea.
Dadivan, plain, Persia, about 12 or 15 miles
in circ. ; between Schiras and Lar, covered
with trees of oranges, citrons, and pomegran
ates, to which the English and Dutch mer
chants of Ormus generally retire in the summer.
Dadizede, X. Neth., in West Flanders; 13 E.
by S. Ypres. Pop. 1,550.
Dadlemullet, t. Africa, in Kontu.
Dael, r. Ger., which runs into the Roer, 5
miles above Werden.
Dael, r. Ger., which runs into the Sieg, 3
miles above Siegberg.
Dafar, see Dofar.
Daffen, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa. Lon. 18. E. Lat. 33. 20. S.
Vol. I. 60

Dafne, r. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, -which
runs into the Urana, between Marcenopoli and
Varna. Dafuskee, see Dawfmkey.
Dagabat, isl: in that part of the Caspian sea,
called the gulf of Balkan.
Dagelet, isl. in the sea of Japan, about V
miles in circ. It is very steep, but covered
With the finest trees from the sea shore to the
summit. Lon. 130. 57. E. Lat. 37. 22. N.
Ddgenham, v. Eng., in Essex, on the left
bank of the Thames ; 6 E. London.
Dageou, X. Africa, in Bergoo ; 60 N. Wara.
Dagerort, t. Russia, in the island of Dago ; 84
WSW. Revel. Lon. 22. 9. E. Lat. 58. 66. N.
Daghestan, pr. Asia, on W. coast of the Cas
pian sea, between Circassia and the province pf
Schirvan, inhabited by Tartars, subject to Rus
sia, and included in the government of Cauca
sus ; 134 miles long, and from 30 to 40 broad.
Tarku is the capital.
Dagjour, see Dashour.
Daglan, X. France, in Dordogne ; 8 S. Sarlat.
Dagma, or Dagomar, X. Arabia, in Oman, near
the sea coast ; 20 NW. Kalhat Lat. 23. 21. N.
Dagno, X. Albania, on the Drin ; 15 SE.
Scutari. Dago, or Daghoe, isl. Russia, in the Baltic,
situated between the gulf of Riga and the gulf
of Finland, about 30 miles long. Lon. 22. 14.
E. Lat. 59. N.
Dagonville, X. France, in Meuse ; 9 E. Bar le
Due. Dagou, or Dagua, X. Egypt, on the Nile, a
harbour for thieves and pirates ; 12 N. Cairo.
Dagsborough, p-t. fa hundred, Sussex co. De
laware, S. of Indian river ; 127 S. Philadelphia.
W. 144. Pop. 2,204.
Dagsal, X. Cahlore ; 56 ESE. Bullausponr.
Dagua, r. America, which runs into the Paci
fic ocean, Lat. 4. 22. N.
Dagupan, X. on W. coast of Lucon. Lon.
120. 30. E. Lat. 16. 13. N.
Dagurer, t. Hind., Berar ; 50 NNW. Mahur.
Dagwumba, orDegomba, km. Africa, north of
Ashantee. Chief town, Yahndi.
Dahaman, X. Algiers ; 22 SW. Tiffesh.
Dahay Point, NW. extremity of the island of
Panay. Lon. 121.55. E. Lat. 12. 4. N.
Dahera, X. Nubia; 20 SW. Sennaar.
Dalidor, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 62 SW. Patna.
Dahdor, r. Hind., which runs into the Ma-
hany, 8 N. Bahar.
Dahhi, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 46 SE. Loheia.
Dahhlak, or Dalaka, or Dalacca, (an. Orine,)
isl. in the Red sea, near the coast of Abyssinia ;
about 66 m. in length, and 4 in breadth ; cele
brated for its pearl fishery. — The inhabitants,
who are numerous, are of the same religion
with the Abyssinians ; they are black, brave,
addicted to piracy, and sworn enemies to the
Mahometans. Lon. 40. 18. E. Lat. 15.44. N.
Dahhr Aspan, chain of mountains, on the
coast ofthe Persian gulf, in Laristan, lying SE.
Cape Nabend, extending about 50 miles froin
NW. to SE. Lat. 27. 18. N.
Dahhmak, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 19 SSE.
Abu-Arisch. Dahl, or Dal, r. Sweden, which runs through
the provinces of Dalecarlia and Gestricia, and

DAI

474

DAL

empties itself in the gulf of Bothnia, 12 ESE.
Gefje. Length, 250 miles.
Dahlen, X. Sax., in Meissen ; 23 NW. Meissen.
Lon. 13.4. E. Lat. 51. 23. N. Pop. 1,300.
Dahlen, see Dalen.
Dahme, t. Pru., in Potsdam ; 40 S. Berlin.
Lon. 13. 23. E. Lat. 51. 53. N. Pop. 2,890.
Dahmec,t. Persia, Segestan ; 45 W. Bost.
Dahmuss, X. Algiers, in Tremecen, near the
coast of the Mediterranean, anciently a Ro
man station called Castra Germanorum; 15 W.
Shershell. Lon. 2. 10. E. Lat. 36. 24. N.
Dahn,X. Bav., Rhine; 13W. Landau, Pop.579.
Dahna, (Al,) extensive desert, Arabia, in
Nedsjed, SW. of the Arabian Irak.
Daholespour, X. Bengal; 25 SW. Dacca.
Dahomy, or Dauma, country, Africa, on the
Slave coast, situated about 60 or 70 miles from
the Atlantic; called also Fouin. Dahomy, as
known at present,is supposed to reach from the
sea coast about 150 or 200 miles inland, though
no European has penetrated above half that dis
tance; the capital, Abomey, lies in about 9
deg. and 50 min. N. Lat., and between the 3
and 4 deg. E. Lon. The soil is a deep rich clay,
of a reddish colour, with a little sand on the
surface, except about Calmina, where it is
more light and gravelly; but there is not to be
found a stone as big as an egg in the whole
countiy, so far as it has been visited by the
Europeans. Of farinacious vegetables the
country yields a plentiful supply ; viz. maize,
millet, or Guinea-corn, of different sorts ; a
kind of peas, or rather kidney beans, called
callavances; and also a species of beans called
ground-beans. — Pine-apples, melons, oranges,
limes, guavas, and other tropical fruits also
abound in this fertile country.
The government is perhaps the most perfect
despotism on the earth, and the religion is pa
ganism. Within the walls of the different roy
al palaces in Dahomy, are immured not less
than 3,000 women. Several hundreds of these
are trained to arms under a female general,
and subordinate officers, appointed by the king
in the same manner as those under the agaow.
The general character of the Dahomans is
marked by a mixture of ferocity and politeness.
Chief town, Abomey.
Dahra, small isl. in the Red sea, near the
coast of Arabia ; 3 SW. Loheia.
Dahrije, X. Egypt, situated on E. branch of
the Nile ; 13 SSW. Damietta.
Daina, t. Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo,
supposed to be the ancient Emma; 24 ENE.
Antioch. Here are considerable ruins.
Daino, small isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon.
15. 24. E. Lat. 44. 9. N.
Dainur, X. Persia, in Irak ; 70 W. Hamadan,
300 NW. Ispahan. Lon. 46. 20. E. Lat. 35. 10. N.
Dajon, X. Africa, in Agouna.
Daipilly, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 20 NW. Cica
cole. Dair el Kamar, or House of the Moon, X. Sy
ria, in Tripoli ; 18 NE. Saide. Pop. estimated
by Light, iii 1814, at 5,000, Maronites and
Druses. It is situated on the side of a hill, at
the foot of which is a rivulet, a branch of the
Damouna, anciently Tarnyras. It is the resi
dence of the Emir, or prince of Druses, who

has a palace here. The town is extensive, but
ill built, and has manufactures of silk.
Dair Karran, t. Curdistan ; 30 SSE. Kerkuk.
Dajabon, r. St. Domingo, which flows NNW.
and runs into the bay of Manzanillo.
Dairago, t. Italy ; 12 NE. Novara, 15 NW.
Milan. Daisan, ("an. Scirlus,) r. A. Turkey, which
waters Ourfa.
Daisoor, X. Hind., Carnatic ; 18 S. Arcot.
Daix, now Ural.
Dakelia, or Sharkieh, district, Lower Egypt,
E. of the Nile.
Dakki, X. Nubia, on the Nile, 9 miles above
Guerfeh Hassan. Here is a fine temple quite
perfect, with hieroglyphics in a good state of
preservation. Data, r. Switz., which runs into the Rh6ne,
not far from Leuk, in the Valais.
Dalaborg, or Daleborg, t. Sweden, and capi
tal of Dalia, on W. side of lake Wenner; 30 NE.
Uddevalla. Dalacca, see Dahhldk.
Dalai, see Coulon.
Dalalpour, X. Hind., in Bahar, 36 ESE. Hajy-
pour. Lon. 86. 2. E. Lat. 25.30. N.
Dalaro, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast
of Sweden. Lon. 18. 14. E. Lat. 59. 5. N.
Dalavypetty, t. Hind., in Coimbetore; 11 NW.
Erroad. Dolby, t. Sweden, Schonen ; 4 ESE. Lund.
Dalby, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 70 NNW.
Fhilipstadt Dalcke, r. Ger., which runs into the Embs, 3
NW. Wiedenbruck, in Osnabruck.
Dale, or Dali, X. Cyprus, anciently called
Idalium, and one of the four cities consecrated
to Venus ; 12 S. Nicosia It is delightfully situ
ated on an eminence, surrounded with groves
of trees.
Dale, r. Ireland, in Donegal, which runs into
the Foyl, a little below Lift'ord.
Dalecarlia, Dalland, Thailand, or Dalarne, pr.
Sweden, bounded N. by Helsingland, E. by
Gestricia and Westmanland, S. by Warmeland,
and W. by Norway ; 240 miles in length, and
40 in breadth ; containing many mountains, ia
which are mines of silver, copper, and iron,
intermixed with fertile pastures ; the principal
productions are corn, wood, and hemp. The
principal towns are Fahlun, Hedemora, and
Soter. Sq. m. 9,395. Pop. 124,816.
Dalehr, fortress, Sweden, built on a rocky-
island, with a garrison to guard the entrance,
and receive the duties of vessels going to
Stockholm. Dalem, X. Pru. in Minden ; 7 E. Buren.
Dalem, or Daalheim, X. Neth., in Limburg,on
the river Bervine ; 8 NE. Liege, 13 SW. Aix-
la-Chapelle. Lon. 5. 43. E. Lat. 50. 44. N.
Pop. 820.
Dalem, or Dalen, X. Pru., in Aix-la-Chapelle ;
12 SE. Ruremond, 12 N. Juliers. Lon. 6. 12. E.
Lat. 51. 6. N. Pop. 3,645.
Dalem, see Bervine.
Dalenburg, t. Hanover, in Luneburg-Zell, on
theNetze ; 16 ESE. Zell. Lon. 11. E. Lat. 53.
13. N. Pop. 552.
Daleschilz, X. Moravia, in Znaym ; 16 NNE.
Znaym. Pop. 434.

DAL

47S

DAM

Dalffen, t. Holland, in Overissel, on the Vecht ;
24 SW. Covorden.
Dalfheim, X. Ger. in Hesse ; 6 NW- Worms.
Dalheim, X. Prussia, in Konigsberg ; 14 SSE.
Konigsberg. Dalia, or Daal, or Dalsland, pr. Sweden, in
West Gothland, about 84 miles in length, and
39 in breadth, situated between the Wenner
lake and the government of Bahus; full of
mountains and forests towards the N. ; but to
wards the S. it produces corn sufficient for the
inhabitants ; it has a number of mines. Cattle,
fish, butter, and cheese, are the chief articles.
Eop. 44,000. The principal to*n is Dalaborg.
Dalias, t. Spain, in Grenada ; 18 WSW. Al
meria. Dalinow, X. Austrian Poland, in Galicia ; 20
SW. Zytomiers.
Dalkarsby, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 18
NNE. Umea.
Dalkeith, t. Scot., in the county of Edinburgh ;
7 SE. Edinburgh, 377 N. London. Pop. 4,709.
It is situated on a tongue of land, between two
branches of the Esk, which unite a little N. of
the town. The environs abound in coal, and
there is a large trade in cattle and corn. Near
the town is Dalkeith-house, a magnificent seat
of the Duke of Buccleugh, which is erected
upon the site of an ancient castle of considera
ble strength.
Dalkey, small isl. in St. George's channel, near
the coast of Ireland, a little S. of Dublin Bay.
Lon. 6. 5. W. Lat. 53. 20. N.
Dalkowicze, X. Lithuania, in Minsk ; 32 NE.
Minsk. Dalla, island fa district, Burmah, in the Delta
of the Irrawady. The principal is of the same
name, situated on the eastern side of one of
the branches of the Irrawady.
Dallamoulel, X. Africa, in Satadoo. Lon. 10.
30. W. Lat. 13. 36. N.
. Dallas, X. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 455.
Dallas, co. Alabama. Pop. 6,003. Chief town,
Cahawba. Dalloa, X. Bengal ; 7 S. Calcutta.
Dally, settlement, Barbadoes, near the west
coast. Dallacolty, t. Hind., in Coimbetore; 24 S.
Coimbetore. Dalmacherry, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 86 NW.
Madras, 95 NE. Bangalore. Lon. 79. 5. E. Lat.
13. 43. N.
Dalmanutha, city, Syria, on the E. side of
the sea of Tiberias. Lon. 35. 45. E. Lat 32.
30. N. Some suppose this to be the same as
Magdala. Dalmatia, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. ; 40
Harrisburg, W. 152.
Dalmatia, see Primorie.
Dalmatia, pr. Austrian empire, with the title
of kingdom, bounded N. by Illyria, E. by Bos
nia and Albania, and SW. by the Adriatic. Lon.
12. 10. to 16. 40. E. Lat. 42. 25. to 45. 35. N.
Sq. m. 5,830. Pop. 295,089. It is divided into
6 circles, Zara, Spalatro, Macarsca, Ragusa,
and Cattaro. Zara is the capital of the whole.
It is formed chiefly of what was formerly styled
Venetian Dalmatia. Dalmatia in its widest ac
ceptation formerly comprehended a part of
Bosnia, Herzegovina, a part of Albania, called

Lower or Turkish Dalmatia, and the Liltorale,
or Hungarian Dalmatia, which now forms a
part of the government of Trieste.
The surface of a great part of Dalmatia is
hilly and unproductive, but there are many
beautiful and fertile valleys. The natural scene
ry is, very magnificent; the forests on the moun
tains are of great extent, and abound in ship
timber. The rivers are short, but a number of
them are navigable ; the principal are Cettina,
Cherka, and Narenta. The country is rich in
iron mines, marble, and gypsum. The chief
productions are maize, wheat, grapes, olives,
other fruits, and silk, but agriculture is in a
low state of inprovement. The climate is tem
perate and salubrious in the interior, but un
healthy in many parts on the coast. The isl
ands are numerous ; the principal are Brazza,
Lesina, Corzola, and Melada. No part of Eu
rope abounds more in good harbours, but little
use has been made of them. The inhabitants
of the maritime towns are mostly Catholics, and
speak Italian ; those of the interior are chiefly
of the Greek church, and are Morlachians and
Haiducks, both, particularly the latter, in a low
state of civilization. Dalmatia derives its name
from its ancient capital Delminium or Delmium.
It formed a part of ancient Illyrium, and the
country still exhibits many remains of antiquity.
Dalmelington, v. fa parish, Scot, in Ayrshire,
abounding in coal. Pop. 787.
Dalmeny, v. fa parish, Scot., in Linlithgow
shire, on S. side of the frith of Forth. Fop. 996.
Dalmow, X. Hind., in Oude ; 15 SW. Bereilly.
Lon. 81. 23. E. Lat. 26. 6. N.
Dairy, X. Scot, in Ayrshire; 8 N. Irvine, 24
S W.Glasgow. Pop. 1,000; of the parish 2,815.
Dalrymple's Point, cape of the island of Dom
inica; 2 S. Charlotte's Town.
Dalsheim, X. Hesse, 8 W. Worms. Pop. 609.
Dalsland, see Dalia.
Dalton, p-t. Coos co. N. H., on E. side of the
Connecticut ; 8 S. Lancaster, W. 559. Pop. 347.
Dalton, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 12 NNE.
Lenox, 129 W. Boston, W. 377. Pop. 817.
Here are 2 paper mills,and a cotton and woollen
manufactory. Dalton, t. Eng., in Lancashire, in a peninsular
district, called Furness ; about 2 miles from the
Irish sea; 38 N. Lancaster, 276 NNW. London.
Lon. 3. 6. W. Lat. 54. 8. N. Pop. 643. It has a
market on Saturday. In the town is an ancient
castle. Native, Romney.
Dalrupiril, one of the islands called Babu
yanes, in the Pacific ocean, about 25 miles in
circumference. Lon. 121. 20. E. Lat. 19. 15. N.
Dalwein, X. Prussia ; 17 S. Dantzic.
Dalwin, t. Prussia ; 8 S. Brandenburg.
Dam, see Damme.
Dama, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 220 ENE.
Mecca. Dama, X. Africa, in Ludamar ; 54 ENE.
Benowm. Damae, X. Java, on N. coast, where the Dutch
have a factory.
Damala, X. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea ; 40 SE.
Napoli de Romania. Bp. see. It is built near
the site of the ancient Trazen, the ruins of
which still remain, consisting of vestiges of the
walls and several ruined temples.

DAM

4TO

DAMt

Damamhur, see Demenhur.
Damapetla, X. Hind., in Golconda; 45 NW.
Rajamundry, 140 E. Hydrabad. Lon. 81. 16iE.
Lat 17. 25. N.
Damapoury, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 18 SE.
Neermul. Damaquiel, r. Darien, which flows into the sea
at Los Arboletes.
Damar, X. Arabia, in Yemen, capital of a dis
trict, and residence of a Dola; 56 N. Sana, 94
NE. Mocha. Lon. 44. 12. E. Lat. 14. 32. N. It
contains about 5,000 houses, with a university,
in which Mr. Niebubr was informed there were
600 students.
Z)a)n«r,t Arabia, in Oman; 70 N.Oman. Lon.
49, 14. E. Lat. 16. N
Damara, country, SW. part of Africa, N. of
Namacqua Land.
Damarabail, X. Persia, Mecran ; 100 N. Kieh.
Damaran, or Dwmaran, isl. in the E. Indian
sea, »f a triangular form, and about 45 miles in
circ, near E. coast of Palawan. Lon. 1 19. 51. E.
Lat. 10. 7. N.
Damar as, a rude Caffre race, Southern Africa,
on the east coast to the north of Orange river
Damaraupet, X. Hind., Berar; 20 NE. Neermul.
Damariscolla, r. Maine, which flows into the
sea E. of Boothbay, and W. of Bristol.
Domas, t. St. Domingo, which flows into the
lake of Enriquillo.
Damascus, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. ; W. 41.
Damascus, X. Wayne co. Pa., on W. side of
the Delaware ; 18 NW. Bethany. Pop.,366.
Damascus, p-t. Logan co. Ohio ; 156 Colum
bus, W. 545.
Damascus, pachalic, A. Turkey, comprehend
ing the eastern part of Syria with the most of
Palestine. It is considered the first pachalic in
point of importance in the Turkish empire. It
includes besides Damascus, the capital towns of
Hamah, Jerusalem, Hebron, Nablous, Jaffa,
Gaza, Ramla, fac The surface is various, partly
mountainous, and partly consisting of valleys
interspersed with plains. Some districts are
poor and sandy, others very fertile.
Damascus, called by the inhabitants Damesk,
pr Demesk, by the Arabs, Sham, or El Scham
Sherif city, Syria, capital of a pachalic of the
same name ; 60 E. Saide, 120 NNE. Jerusalem,
ISO'S. by E. Antioch, 276 SSW. Diarbekir. Lon.
36. 30. E. Lat. 38. 30. N. Pop. estimated by
Browne aad AH Bey at 200,000; 20,000 Catho
lics, 5,000 Greeks, 1,000 Jewish families. Vol-
ney States it at only 80,000, Hassel at 100,000 ;
the inhabitants as high as 400,000.
It te situated in am extensive and fertile plain,
watered by the river Barrady, forming a circuit
of 25 or 30 miles, formed into gardens and
stored with fruit trees of every description.
The city is about 2 miles long, surrounded by
walls defended by towers, which are now fallen
into a ruinous state. The streets are mostly
narrow, but well paved,and have elevated foot
paths on each side. The houses in the suburbs
are built of earth or bricks baked in the sun,
and are surmounted with cupolas. The houses
in the interior are constructed of more substan
tial materials, usually 2 stories high, with flat
roofs, but have few windows, and the city has
a monotonous appearance. There are about

500 magnificent houses, entitled' to the name of
, palaces ; but their splendour is confined to tho
! interior. The furniture of many is worth from
'¦ £5,000 to £25,Q00, consisting of sofas, carpets,
mirrors, fac. Damascus contains a great num
ber of fountains, and the waters of the Barrady
are distributed by numerous canals through Xhe
city, as well as among the gardens in the vicini
ty. Tlier are more than 200 mosques, only one,
called Zeia, deserving particular notice on ac
count of its extent. The patriarch of Antioch
usually resides here. There are 8 synagogues,
3 Franciscan monasteries, and a Greek, Maron
ites Syrian, and" am Armenian church. The cas
tle is a fine rustic edifice. } wife in circuit, and
within it resembles a small town.
Damascus is the centre of the commerce of
Syria; and its trade is rendered more consider
able by its forming the rendezvous to all the
pilgrims from the north of Asia to Mecca. Their
number amounts annually to 30, or 40,000 ;
and many arrive several months before the de
parture ofthe caravan. The city then presents
the appearance of an immense fair, every place
being filled with camels, horses, mules, and
merchandize. Commerce is carried on chiefly
by caravans, of which the principal is that which
goes annually with the pilrims to Mecca. This
expedition is conducted with great pomp, and is
partly of a commercial, and partly of a religious
nature. Three caravans, each accompanied by
above 2,500 armed men, go thrice a year to
Bagdad ; those to Aleppo travel twice or thrice
a month ; others go to Cairo and various other
places. The manufactures are extensive, con
sisting of arms, silk and cotton stuffs, soap,
leather, sweet meats, fac. The sabres formerly
manufactured here were very celebrated, and
had the quality of being perfectly elastic.
Damascus was anciently the capital of the
kingdom of Syria ; it is one of the most venerable
cities in the world for its antiquity, and is known
to have existed in the time of Abraham. It was
taken and destroyed by Tamerlane in 1400;
repaired by the Mamalukes; and wrested from
them by the Turks in 1506, since which it has
formed the capital of one of their pachalics.—
Native, Ismael Abulfeda.
Damasein, r. St. Domingo, which flows into
the sea at Pimiento.
Damasensa, t. Africa, in the country of Ja-
| gra, on a river of the same name, which runs
into the river Gambia.
Damaso, X. Italy ; 28 N. Como.
Damaun, s-p. Hind., in Aurungabad, on the
coast of the Arabian sea, in possession of the
Portuguese ; 25 SW. Durrampour, 53 S. Surat.
Lon. 72. 58. E. Lat. 20. 22. N. Pop. 6,000. The
Persees have a temple here, in which they pre
tend that the holy fire brought with tbem when
they fled from Persia, is yet burning, having
never been extinguished.
Damazen, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 8
E. Castel Jaloux. Pop. 1,000.
Dambach, X. France, in Lower Rhine; 18
SSW. Strasburg. Pop. 2,761.
Dambach, X. Austria ; 8 ESE. Freustadt.
Dambanna, X. Africa, in Konkodoo. Lon. 9.
30. W. Lat. 12. 38. N.
Dambek, or Damke, X. Pru., in Brandenburg,
on the Jetze; 4 S. Saltwedel.

DAM

477

DAN1

Damblain, t. France, in VosgeS; 5 E. La
Marche. Pop. 960.
Dambrouckza, X. Aust. Galicia; 8 NE. Lem
berg. Damdun, t. Bengal ; 4 NE. Calcutta.
Damegdn, or Damgan, X. Persia, in Mazan
deran; 140 ENE. Teheran. Lon. 53. 36. E.
Lat. 35. 50. It is supposed to be the ancient
Hecaton-pylos, for some time the capital of the
Parthian empire. It is supplied with many
springs of rock- water, called from their excel
lence, the waters of Kosrow, or Kosioes.
Darnel, or Cayor, country, Afriea, on the
banks of the Senegal, at a small distance from
the Atlantic.
Damelans, t. on W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
111. 51. E. Lat. 3.2. N.
Damelen, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 6 W. Belitz.
Darner, X. Nubia, capital of a district of the
same name. It contains a large mosque and
about 500 houses, neat and uniformly built in
regular streets. It has schools for the study of
law, which have acquired considerable reputa
tion. Damery, or Damerie, X. France, in Marne, on
the Marne ; 4 W. Epernay. Pop. 1,837.
Dame's Gore, N. H. Grafton co. Pop. 28.
Damersheim, X. Bavaria ; 10 NW. Neuburg.
Damgard, or Damgarten, X. Pru., in Pomera
nia, on the Reckenitz ; 22 SW. Stralsund. Lon.
12. 28. E. Lat. 54. 18. N. Pop. 678.
Damianovitz, X. Croatia ; 52 ESE. Carlstadt,
64 S. Varasdin.
Damiatte, X. France, in Tarn ; 10 W. Castres.
Damicotta, X. Hind., in the Coimbetore coun
try ; 30 N. Coimbetore, 60 S. Seringapatam.
Lon. 77. 11. E. Lat. 11. 28. N.
Damieita, or Damiat, s-p, Egypt, first built at
the E. mouth ofthe Nile, and called Thamiatis,
under the government of the Lower Empire ;
85 NNE. Cairo. Lon. 31. 50. E. Lat. 31. 26. N.
Pop. according to Binos 30,000 ; according to
Savary 80,000. Damietta daily increased as
Pelusium declined. It is the emporium of com
merce between Egypt and Syria, situated on
the Phatmetic branch of the Nile. The city is
without walls, built in the form ofthe crescent,
on the winding bank of the river, 6 miles from
the sea. It is larger and not less agreeable than
Rosetta, and has several squares. Bazars filled
with merchandize, okals, or khans, under the
porticos of which are Ihdian stuffs, silks from
Mount Lebanon, sal ammoniac, and quantities
of rice, bespeak it a commercial place. The
houses, especially near the river, are very high ;
most of them have pleasant saloons built on
the terraces, from which charming places, open
to every wind ; there is a view of the grand lake
lying on the other side, and of the Nile, which
traverses a rich country between them both.
Various grand mosques, with high minarets,
ornament the city. The public baths, faced with
marble, are similar to those of Cairo. Multi
tudes of boats and small vessels incessantly fill
the port of Damietta. Some, named Sherra
serve to load and unload the ships that anchor
in the road ; others are coasting pilot-boats.
There is a great trade between this city and
Syria, Cyprus, and Turkey.
Damins, X. Switz., Grisons ; 10 NNE. Ilantz.

Damische See, targe lake, Ger., or rather an
expansion of the Oder, in Upper Saaony, N.
Damm, 8 miles long, and 2 wide.
Damisierla, X. Carnatic ; 40 NW. Nellore.
Damm, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Stettin, on tho
Plone, where it runs into the Damische See, or
Oder; 5 E. Old Stettin. Pop. 2,177. Lon. 14.
50. E. Lat. 63. 28, N. The inhabitants are em
ployed chiefly in manufacturing steel.
Damm, (New,) see Neudamm.
Dammarie, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 6 S.
Chartres. Dammartin, t. France, Seine-and-Marne ; 10
NW. Meaux, 17 NW. Paris. Pop. 1,918.
Dammartin, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 18
NW. Montfort
Damme, X. Oldenburg ; 12 S. Vechta.
Damme, or Appingaidam, X. Neth., in Gronin
gen, in the Ommelands, on the river Damster,
the capital of a district, containing 40,731 in
habitants. Damme has a communication with
Groningen by means of a canal ; 2 W. Delfzyl,
14 NE. Groningen. Lon. 6. 40. E. Lat. 53. 17.
N. Pop. 2,660.
Damme, X. Neth., in West Flanders, on the
canal between Bruges and Sluys ; 3 NNE. Bru
ges, 6 SSW. Sluys. Pop. 787. It forms a cita
del to the city of Bruges, and could at any
time inundate the countiy, if that city were
besieged. Damme, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 60
miles in circ, with a large bay on E. coast.
Lon. 128. 36. E. Lat. 7. 20. S.
Dammer, X. Silesia ; 4 SE. Militsch.
Dammer Cappi see Beeban.
Dammersfeld, mt. Ger., in Fulda ; 3,640 feet
above the level of the sea.
Dammoo, X. Hind., Baglana ; 18 S. Damaun.
Damna, X. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 80 S. Damascus.
Damnal, X. Hind., Golconda ; 60 W. Adoni.
Damodpour, X. Bengal ; 8 SSE. Nuldingah.
Dumoiamul, X. Bengal ; 12 S. Calcutta.
Damoony, X. Hind., Sagur; 35 ENE. Saeur
Damoot, X. Hind. ; 52 NW. Poonah.
Damorda, t. Bengal ; 20 N. Kishenagur.
Damol, pr. Abyssinia, in SW. part of that em
pire, about 40 miles long from N. to S. and 20
from E. to W.
Damour, or Damouna, r. Syria, supposed to be
the ancient Tamyras. It runs into the Medi
terranean between Saide and Bairout.
Damoylalla, t. Bengal ; 8 S. Calcutta.
Dampa, t. Africa, in Bambarra ; 120 WNW.
Sego. Dampier's Strait, channel from E. Indian sea
to the Pacific ocean, between the island of
Waygoo, and the island of Battanta.
Dampierre sur Salon, X. France, in Upper
Sa6ne ; 8 N. Gray. Pop. 1,344.
Dampierre le Fraisans, X. France, in Jura ; 10
NE. Dflle.
Damm, X. Hind., Dindigul ; 10 E. Dindigul.
Damsee, lake, Brandenburg; 9 NW. Prenz-
low. Damisong, X. Bootan ; 54 SW. Tassasudon
Lon. 88. 24. E. Lat. 27. 11. N.
Damster, r. Holland, which runs into the Ems
at Delfzyl. '
Damville, X. France, in Eure ; 10 S. Evreux
Pop. 920.

©AN

478

DAN

Damvilliers, X. France, in Meuse ; 11 N. Ver
dun, 11 S. JMontmedy. Pop. 809.
Dan, r. which has its sources partly in Vir
ginia, and partly in North Carolina. It flows
through the counties of Stokes and Rocking
ham, N. C, and through the S. part of Pittsyl
vania co., and through Halifax co. Va., and on
the eastern side of the latter, unites with the
Staunton to form the Roanoke. It is navigable
as far as Danville, where there are falls 22 feet
10 inches, perpendicular. See Danville.
Dan, originally Laish, or Lashem, afterwards
Casarea Philippi, now Paneas, city on N. bor
der of Palestine, near the sources of the Jor
dan. See Paneas, and Beer-sheba.
Dan, now Hulet Panias.
Dana, X. Worcester co. Mass. ; 31 WNW.
Worcester, 70 W. Boston. Pop. 664. It is wa
tered by Swift river, which passes through a
pond here, called Potopaug.
Danarakie, X. Persia, in Irak ; 40 NW. Gncr-
den, 60 E Ispahan.
Danaster, see Dneister.
Danas, settlement of Indians, Quito, S. of Si-
bambe. Lat. 2. 9. S.
Danbury, X. Grafton co. N. H. ; 17 SSW. Ply
mouth. Pop. 467.
Danbury, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. ; 33 WNW.
New Haven, 70 NNE. New York, W.297. Pop.
in 1810, 3,606; in 1820,3,873. Here is a pleas
ant village, which contains a court house, an
academy, and 2 churches ; and has some manu
factures and trade. The courts for the county
are held alternately here and at Fairfield. In
1777, this town was burnt by the British, and
a large quantity of military stores destroyed.
Danbury, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 157.
Danby, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. ; 42 N. Benning
ton, W. 433. Pop. 1,607. Here is a remarkable
cave. Danby, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. ; 8 NE. Spencer,
Wi 335. Pop. 2,001.
Dancali, country, Africa, lying on the Red
sea, just where the coast, after bearing a little
E. of N. from Suez, makes an elbow, and
stretches nearly as far as the straits of Babel-
mandeb. It has the mines of fossil salt imme
diately on the N. and NW., a desert part of the
province of Dewara to the S. and the sea on
the N. ; but it has no port, excepting a spacious
bay, with tolerable anchorage, called the bay
of Bilur, and corruptly, the bay of Bayloul, in
Lat. 13. 3. N. The kingdom of Dancali is
bounded E. at Azab by part of the kingdom of
Adel, and the Myrrh countiy. The inhabitants
are Mahometans.
Dance Point, cape of Virginia, in James river.
Lon. 76. 57. W. Lat. 37. 12. N.
Dancora, small isl. near the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 22. 20. S.
Danda, X. Congo, at the mouth of a river
which runs into the Atlantic. Lat. 8. 30. S.
Danda, r. Africa, which divides Angola and
Congo, and falls into the Atlantic, at the town
of the Danda. It is navigable 100 miles.
Danda, X. Hind., in Sehaurunpour; 35 S. Se
haurunpour. Dandar, circar, Hind., in Guzerat, bordering
on the Puddar ; SW. of Oudipour.
Dander, X. Hind., in Bahar; S NE. Saseram.

Dandridge, p-t. & cap. Jefferson co. Tennes
see, on French Broad river, 15 miles above its
junction with the Holston ; 33 SE. Knoxville,
W. 520. Pop. in 1810, 112. It contains a Presby
terian church, a court house, and a jail.
Dandunakin, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 30 SW.
Shahigian. Dane, r. Eng., which runs into the Wever, at
Northwich, in Cheshire.
Dane's Island, small isl. in the North sea,
near NW. coast of Spitzbergen. Lon. 9. 15. E.
Lat. 79. 43. N.
Dangala, see Dongola.
Dangana, X. Africa, in Hoval, on the Sene
gal ; 20 N. Ender.
Dange, X. France, in Vienne ; 3 N. Chatelle-
rault Fop. 678.
Dangeau, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 9
NNE. Chateaudun.
Danger Island, small isl. in the S. Pacific
ocean. Lon. 181. 42. E. Lat. 18. 32. S.
Danger, (Islands of) islands in the Pacific
ocean, seen by commodore Byron, in June 1765.
Dangerous Archipelago, range of low islands,
in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 141. 40. W. Lat.
17. 30. S.
Danger River, r. Africa, which runs into the
Atlantic, a little N. of the equinoctial line.
Dangines, small isl. in the Indian sea, near
the coast of Africa. Lat. 4. S.
Dangolsheim, X. France, in Lower Rhine ; 14
WSW. Strasburg. Pop. 700.
Dangu, t. France, in Eure ; 3 SW. Gisors.
Danholm, small isl. belonging to Swedish
Pomerania, near Stralsund.
Danicalqui, r. Chili, which runs SSE. and
joins the Semuro.
Danicha, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Cha-
tanga ; 360 NNE. Turuchansk. Lon. 98. 14. E.
Lat. 70. 45. N.
Daniel, settlement Barbadoes, near the west
coast. Daniel, port, Brazil, in Seara, between the
rivers Garorasu and Hook.
Daniel, small isl. in the Meuse, a little below
Stockem. Danielsville, p-v. Spottsylvania co. Va. ; 85
Richmond, W. 78.
Danielsville, p-t. fa cap. Madison co. Georgia;
90 N. Milledgeville, 120 NW. Augusta, W. 624.
5 miles N. of this town is a chalybeate spring,
the waters of which are said to have much
efficacy in chronic complaints. It is becoming
a place of fashionable resort.
Danilov, X. Russia, in Jaroslavl ; 28 ENE.
Jaroslavl, 360 ESE. Petersburg. Pop. 1,250.
Danilowicze, t. Rus. Wilna ; 44 S. Braslaw.
Danio, X. Africa, in Whidah ; 3 W. Sabi.
Dankali, see Dancali.
Darin, X. France, in Meurte ; 3 N. Phalsburg.
It is celebrated for its medicinal springs.
Dann, X. Bavaria ; 2 SE. Herricden.
Dannavan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 118. 50. E. Lat.
4. 49. N.
Dannemarie, X. France, in Upper Rhine ; 9 E.
Befort. Pop. 722.
Dannemoine, X. France, Yonne ; 3 N. Ton-
nere. Danncmora, or Danmora, the most celebrated

DAN

479

DAN

iron mine in Sweden, in Upsal ; 30 N. Upsal,
60 NNW. Stockholm. It has a singularly beau
tiful situation on the side of a hill, surrounded
by lakes. In the neighbourhood are the estab
lishments for smelting, hammering, and casting
the iron ; forming several villages, each with 3
or 4 regular streets, a church, a school, and a
hospital. The mine alone employs about 1,200
individuals. The iron from. this mine exceeds
that of any other mine in Sweden in quality ;
but not in quantity, amounting yearly to about
4,000 tons. The main opening is about 50
fathoms deep, and 50 feet wide.
Dannenburg, or Danneberg, X. Hanover, cap
ital of a county, in Luneburg, on the Jetze;
36 ESE. Luneburg, 54 NE. Zell. Lon. 11. 12.
E. Lat. 53. 10. N. Pop. 1,426. Beer iB the prin
cipal article of commerce.
Dannereut, X. Bav. ; 2 ENE. Gefrees.
Dannersreut, X. Bav. ; 5 SSE. Culmbach.
Dannge, r. Prussia, which runs into the sea,
at Memel.
Dannowitz, t. Moravia, in Brunn ; 25 S. Brunn.
Danstadt, X. Bavaria, on the Rhine ; 9 NW.
Spire. Pop. 600.
Dantoon, X. Bengal ; 10 N. Jellasore.
Dantzciker heister Nerung, the extreme E.
point of the Hohe Nerung.
Dantzic, city fa s-p. West Prussia, capital of
a government, on the west side of the Vistula,
5 miles above its entrance into the Baltic ; 68
WSW. Konigsberg, 230 NE. Berlin. Lon. 18.
38. E. Lat. 54. 21. N. Pop. in 1818, 58,623.
H. 6,327. It is traversed by 2 small rivers, the
Motlau and Radaune, which soon after join the
Vistula. It consists properly of 3 towns, the
Vorstadt or Foretown, the Alstadt or Old Town,
and the Rechstadt It is surrounded with ram
parts, lined with brass cannon ; but a more ef
fectual defence consists in the power of laying
the country on one side under water, and re
sisting assailants on the other from fortified
heights. The harbour is formed by the mouth
of the Vistula, and is defended by forts; it
communicates by a canal with the Motlau, and
the cargoes of vessels drawing more than 8
feet water are conveyed to the city in barks.
The road or gulf of Dantzic is an arm of the
sea sheltered from the north winds by a tongue
of land, on which stands the town of Hela.
Dantzic has long been one of the principal
granaries of Europe. The most important ar
ticle of export is corn from Prussia and Poland,
brought down the Vistula in small vessels ; al
so, potash, hemp, flax, linen, timber, fac. The
number of ships entered here, in 1802, was
1,674; cleared, 1,916; in 1815, an unfavorable
year, entered only 459 ; cleared, 377. It is an
ancient city, long noted for its commerce, and
was a leading member of the Hanse towns.
It contains an elegant cathedral, a town house,
an arsenal, 21 churches, 12 Luth., 7 Cath., and
2 Ref. ; an academy, a cabinet of natural his
tory, 3 Latin schools, and a gymnasium with a
library of 27,000 vols. The houses are builtof
brick or stone, commonly of 3 or 4 stories. 
Natives, Hevel, Cluverius, and Arcbenbolz.
Pop. ofthe government, 258,400. Sq. m. 3,127.
It is divided into the circles of Dirschau, Star-
gard, and Marienburg.

Danuba, t. Africa, in Tomani.
Danube, p-t. Herkimer co. N.Y., on S. side of
the Mohawk, opposite to Manheim, 68 WNW.
Albany, W. 416. Pop. 3,187.
Danube, (an. Ister, hDanubius,) r. Germany,
which rises in the Black Forest, in Baden, hav
ing one head spring near Donaueschingen, and
another near St. Georgen, and becomes navi
gable at Ulm ; passes through Swabia, Bavaria,
Austria, Hungary, Servia, Bulgaria, Walachia,
and Moldavia ; and empties itself into the
Black sea, by several months, between Lat. 44.
55. and 45. 30. N. ; 35 E. Ismail. It receives
60 rivers, great and small, in its course, among
which are the Inn, Drave, Save, Teisse, ana
Pruth, and runs near to, or washes the walls of
the following cities and towns : — Eschingen,
Ulm, Donawert, Neuburg, Ingoldstadt, Straub-
ing, Passau; Lintz, Ips, Stein, Tulln, Vienna,
Presburg, Raab or Javarin, Comorn, Gran, Vi-
cegrad, Waitzen, Pest, Buda, Coloeza, Baja,
Ulok, Peterwaradin, Belgrade, Semendria,Vipa-
lanka, Orsova, Viddin, Nicopoli, Russig or Rus-
cek, Dristra, Kassovat, Kirsova, Ibrail, Reni,
Rakel, Isakzi, Ismail, Tulcza, Kilia, fac. It is
about 1,800 miles long ; its breadth various ; for
a great way above its mouth, 2 or 3 miles wide.
Though much larger than the Rhine, it is sel
dom to be compared with that river for the
sublimity of its scenery, it shores being often
low, and its channel filled with shoals and
small islands. It abounds in fish, and is parti
cularly noted for large sturgeon. — On account
of the rapidity of its current and its emptying
into a sea not much frequented, it serves but
little the purposes of foreign commerce.
Danube, circle, Baden, comprising the west
ern part of, Furstenburg, the district of Villin-
gen, the Klettgau, and the eastern part of the
Brisgaw. Pop. 72,735. Towns, 18. Capital,
Villingen. Danube, circle, Wurt., in S. part, divided in
to 17 districts. Pop. 329,900. Sq. m. 2,279.
Chief town, Ulm.
Danube, (Lower,) circle, Bavaria, formed
from the greater part of Lower Bavaria Proper,
and the principality of Passau. Pop. 352,1931
Sq. m. 3,853. Passau is the capital. The other
principal towns are Straubing, Vilshofen, Lan
dau, and Daggendorf.
Danube, (Upper,) circle, Bavaria. Pop.
476,604, mostly Catholics. Sq. m. 4,192. The
chief towns, Augsburg, Aichstadt, Neuburg,
Dillingen, Gunzburg, Hockstadt, Donawert.
Danvers, X. Essex co. Mass. ; 15 NE. Boston.
Pop. in 1810, 3,127 ; in 1820, 3,646. It bord
ers on Salem, on the NW., and its largest set
tlement is a continuation of the principal street
of Salem. It consists of 2 parishes, in each of
which is a large Congregational meeting house.
Large quantities of leather, brick, and earthen
ware are manufactured here. Most of the cat
tle, sheep, fac. for the supply of Salem market,
come to this town. At the head of Beverly ri
ver, 2 miles from Salem, there is a pleasant
village, containing a Baptist meeting house and
a large iron manufactory. Considerable busi
ness has been done at this village at ship building.
Danville, t. Cumberland co. Maine. Pop
1,085.

DAO

480

DAR

Danville, p-t. fa cap. Caledonia oo. Vt. ; 28
ENE. Montpelier. 165 NNW. Boston, W. 535.
Lon. 72. 2. W. . Lat. 44. 26. N. Pop. 2,300.
This is a pleasant and valuable agricultural
town, and it has a small village containing a
court house, a jail, a printing office, a Congre
gational meeting house, and it is a place of
some trade.
Danville, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y.; 20 NW.
Rath, W. 338. Pop. 1,565.
Danville, p-t. Columbia co. Pa., on the Sus
quehanna, at the entrance of Mahoning creek,
11 miles above Northumberland; 69 N. by E.
Harrisburg, W. 176. There is a copper mine
near this town.
Danville, p-t. Pittsylvania co. Va., on the ri
ver Dan, 130 miles by water, and 116 by land
above the great falls of the Roanoke, about 70
S. by W. Lynchburg, 150 SW. by W. Richmond,
W. 291. Lon. 79. 25. W. Lat. 36. 34. N. Pop.
in 1818, about 500. It contained, in 1818, an
academy, a printing office, 3 warehouses for
the inspection of tobacco, a flour inspection, 3
saw mills, a manufacturing mill, and some
others, most of them very recently erected. It
is situated at the falls of the Dan, on a wide
and beautiful plain, rising gradually from the
river to a high eminence, which commands an
extensive and picturesque prospect, embracing
a view of the faHs, the gentle current of the
river below, and the verdant hills and cultivat
ed fields of the surrounding country. The im
provements projected a few years since in the
navigation of the Dan above this place, and at
the falls of the Roanoke, opening a direct water
communication with Norfolk, gave a sudden
start to the prosperity of Danville. The Roa
noke Navigation Company have constructed a
canal with locks around the falls, with a basin
formed in the centre ofthe town, safe and con
venient for the batteaux navigation ofthe river.
Danville is becoming the Upland depot of an
extensive commerce, embracing not only the
adjacent fertile districts of Virginia and North
Carolina, but also a great part of East Tennes
see. The articles of commerce consist of wheat,
flour, tobacco, cotton, whiskey, brandy, Indian
corn, beef, pork, butter, poultry, lumber, and
iron. Batteaux carrying from 8 to 12 hogsheads
of tobacco, and from 30 to 40 barrels of flour,
have a convenient navigation from this place
to the falls of the Roanoke.
Danville, X. Knox co. Ohio ; 13 NE. Mount
Vernon. Danville, p-t. fa cap. Mercer co. Ken., on
Dick river; 35 SSW. Lexington, 40 S. Frank
fort, W. 585. Pop. in 1810, 432. It contains
a court house, a jail, a bank, a printing office, a
church, and valuable mills and manufactories.
It is a flourishing town, and contained, in 1817,
about 200 houses. A charter for a college at
this place has been granted by the legislature.
The surrounding country is fertile and popu
lous. Danum, now Doncaster.
Danvou,X.France,'m Calvados; 18 S. Bayeux.
Danyelow, X. Austrian Poland, in Galicia ; 64
E. Lemberg.
Daogaut, X. Thibet ; 40 S. Gorka.
Daon, X. France, in Mayenne ; 6 S. Chateau
Gontier.

Daoudcandy, t. Bengal, on an island, in the
Megna ; 20 SE. Dacca.
Daoudnagur, X. Hind., in Bahar; 50 SSW.
Patna. Lon. 64. 31. E. Lat 25. 4. N. Near it
is a diamond mine.
Dapella, X. Hind., in Sollapour ; 25 S. Cal-
berga. Daphne, now Battelma.
Dapitan, t on N. coast of Mindanao.
Daplass, t. on NE. coast of Lucon. Lon,
122. 36. E. Lat. 14. 28. N.
Dar, see Dhar.
Dar Bergoo, see Bergoo.
Dar Beyda, X. Fez ; 20 SW. Salee.
Dar Cooka, X. Africa, in Fittree ; 250 S. Bor
nou. Lon, 22. 56. E. Lat. 15. 50. N.
Dar Fungaro, t. Africa, in Dar Fur. Lon. 27.
27. 32. E. Lat. 11. 15. N.
Dar el Hamar, X. Arabia; 13 S. Accaba.
Daps, r. Sleswick, which runs into the Little
Belt, 14 NE. Hadersleben.
Dar el Hamara, X. Africa, in Fez., said to
have been built by the Romans. Lon. 8. 46. W.
Lat. 34. 20. N. The trade is principally in corn
and oil.
Dar Kulla, see Kulla.
Dar Mara, X. Dar Fur. Lon. 27. 40. E. Lat.
12. N.
Dor Runga. X. Nigritia. Lon. 23. 50. E. Lat.
12. 16. N.
Dar el Said, X. Dar Fur; 150 S. Cobbe.
Dar el Soldan, X. Egypt ; 40 E. Cairo.
Dar el Soldan, X. Africa ; 12 SW. Tunis.
Dar Toomurke, t. Dar Fur; 130 SW. Cobbe.
Daraan, or Darhan, or Dargan, t. Charasm,
near the Gihon ; 180 WNW. Sarmarcand.
Darabgerd, or Darab-guierd, X. Persia, in
Farsistan, said to have been founded by Darius;
100 ESE. Schiras, 260 SE. Ispahan. Lon. 54.
20. E. Lat. 29.8. N. Pop. 15, or 20,000. It is
large, but not populous; near it salt is found of
various colours, white, black, red, and green.
A considerable manufacture of glass is carried
on here.
Daradus, now Senegal.
Darah, or Dras, r. Africa, which rises in the
greater Atlas, not far from Tefza, and runs into
the Atlantic, near Cape Non.
Darah, or Dras, countiy, Africa, bounded N.
by Morocco, Gezula, and Tafilet, E. and S. by
Zahara, and W. by Sus, and takes its name
from the river Darah, or Dras, which passes
through it. The principal produce is indigo
and dates. The. inhabitants are Arabians and
Mahometans, and some districts of the countiy
are dependant on Morocco. Lon 4. to 8. W.
Lat. 28. to 31. N.
Darahobusz, X. Russia, in Volhynia; 11 N.
Ostrog. Darakardin, (an. Dora h Anastasipolis,) X. A.
Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 15 SW.Nisibin.
Daramajon, t. on N. coast of Java ; 30 E.
Batavia. Darangera, X. on W. coast of Ceylon ; 10 SSE.
Calitoor. Daranduk, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 10 SW
Oudighir. Daranldsia, now Monsiier.
Daraporum, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 32 NW.
Dindigul, 42 SE. Coimbetore. Lorn. 77. 30. E
Lat. 10. 45. N.

DAR

481

DAR

Daraporum Keelan, X. Coimbetore ; 18 NE.
Daraporum. Darapsa, now Bomion.
Daraveram, X. Hind., Mysore ; 6 SW.Tadimeri.
Darbeida, X. Morocco. Lon. 7. 30. W. Lat.
33.37 N.
Darbel, t. Asia, in Seweestan ; 45 N. Sehwan.
Darby, p-t, Delaware co. Pa., on Darby
creek, which runs into the Delaware ; 7 SW.
Philadelphia, W. 130. Pop. 1,004. The village
contains about 60 houses.
Darby, (Upper,) t.Delaware co.Pa. Pop. 692.
Darby, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 392.
Darby, p-t. Columbia co. Georgia ; W. 597.
Darby, see Derby.
Darchin, t. Persia, Kerman ; 15 W. Bamm.
Darda, t. & fortress, HuHgary ; 30 S. Bacs.
Dardana, or Town of the Dardenelles, X. Eu.
Turkey, in Romelia, at the foot ofthe castle of
the Dardanelles. Lon.26. 19. E. Lat. 49. 9. N.
It contains 1,200 houses.
Dardanelles, or Strait of Gallipoli, (an. Hel
lespont,) strait, between Asia and Europe, form
ing a communication between the Archipelago
and the sea of Marmora. It resembles an im
mense river flowing majestically between two
elevated and fertile hills. It is without rocks
or shoals, and has in some parts a depth of 60
fathoms, and generally 8 or 9 fathoms within a
mile from the shore. It is 60 miles long, and i
from 1 to 4 miles wide.
Dardanelles, two castles, one on each side of
the strait, so called, between the Archipelago
and the sea of Marmora, built in 1658 by Ma
homet IV. to guard the entrance of the narrow
sea, which is here only 2,700 yards wide. The
one on the European side is called Sestos, or
the castle of Romania, or of Europe, the other,
on the Asiatic side, is called Abydos, or the
castle of Natolia or Asia. These are called the
Old Dardanelles, or 2d castles of Europe and
Asia, to distinguish them from two others, built
at the entrance ofthe strait, 10 miles SW., one
on each side, and called the New Dardanelles,
pr 1st castles of Europe and Asia.
Dardania, ancient country of Troas, and an
other N. of Macedonia.
Dardenne, p-t. St. Charles co., Missouri ; 110
St. Louis, W. 1,001.
Dardessen, or Dardesheim, X. Pru. Magdeburg-
12 NW. Halberstadt, IS SE. Brunswick. Lon'
II. E. Lat. 51.59. N. Pop. 5,280.
Dane, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 60 S. Zareng.
Dane de Camuna, X. Persia, in Mecran ; 180
W. Kidge.
Darempoury, X. Hind., in Mysore; 88 E. Se
ringapatam, 90 SW. Arcot. Lon. 78. 30. E
Lat. 12. 11. N. ,
Daren, X Persia, in Mecran ; 30 SW. Kidge.
Daren, r. Wales, which runs into the sea, 15
SW. Pwhely.
Darensee, lake, France, in Upper Rhine, in
the valley of Munster, 3 miles above the village
of Sulzern. It is surrounded with mountains
and rocks covered with fir trees, which form
around its waters a sort of amphitheatre, ex
cept at the south, where there is an issue to
wards Munster. It is violently agitated before I
and during a storm, and throws up petrifac
tions, particularly fossil shells.
Vol.1.- 61 '

Darent, r. Eng., which runs into the Thames,
3 N. Dartford. The mouth near the Thames is
called Dartford Creek.
Darfur, Darfoor, or Dar Fur, km. Central
Africa, between Abyssinia and Bornou, having
Kordofan and the country of the Shilluks east,
separating it from Sennaar and Abyssinia ; Ber
goo west, which separates it from Bornou and
, Begherme, and barbarous nations south. The
extent and limits are not well defined. Pop.
estimated by Browne at about 200,000 ; army
about 2,000 men. The chief towns are Cobbe,
the capital, Sweini, Kourma, Cubcabia, Rill,
Cours, Shoba, Gidid, and Gelle. The religion
is Mahometan, the government despotic.
The seasons are divided into wet and dry,
the wet beginning in June and ending in Sep
tember. Agriculture is the chief employment.
The principal grains are the dokn, a species of
millet, and kassob ; but little wheat is raised.
Water melons, gourds, hemp, Cayenne pepper,
tobacco, tamarinds, fac are' cultivated. The
camel, of various species, is common. The
wild animals are the lion, leopard, hyena, wolf,
jackal, buffalo, elephant, hippopotamus, rhino
ceros, camelopardalis, crocodile, fac.
The houses of the inhabitants are extremely
simple, the roofs flat, the walls built of clay.
The Furians are quite black, the hair short and
woolly, of very dissolute manners ; poligamy
has no limits, and the closest ties of kindred
often no bar to matrimonial connexions. —
Commerce is carried on by caravans chiefly
with Egypt ; in a less degree with Mecca. The
principal exports are slaves, camels, ivory ; the
horns, teeth, and hides of the rhinoceros and
hippopotamus ; ostrich feathers, gum, pimento,
paroquets, and white copper.
Dargan, see Daraan.
Dargel, r. Ireland, in Wicklow, which runs
into St. George's channel, '9 SSE. Dublin.
Darghesin, X. Persia, in Irak; 25 NNE. Ha-
madan. Dargies, t. France, in Somme ; 5 S. Foix.
Dargun, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 6 SE.
Gnoien. Pop. 800.
Dariabad, X. Bengal ; 7 SW. Boglipour.
Daried, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 10 N. Com-
bamet. Darien, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. ; 75 SW. Hart
ford, W. 269. Pop. 1,126.
Darien, p-t. fa s-p. M'Intosh co., Georgia, on
the north and principal channel of the Alta-
maha, near its entrance into St. Simon's sound,
12 miles from the bar, 63 SSW. Savannah, 165
SE. Milledgeville, W. 722. Lon. 81. 37. W. Lat
31. 23. N. Pop. in 1810, 206 ; in 1820, upwards
of 1,000. It stands on a high sandy bluff, and'
contains a Presbyterian meeting house, a bank,
and a printing office. It has lately risen into
importance, and is a flourishing town. The
bar has 14 feet at low water. Exertions are
making to remove the obstructions to the na*
vigation, and to render this the emporium of
the fertile country watered by the Oatmulgee
and Oconee, branches ofthe Altamaha.
Darien, pr. S. America, in New-Grenada,
bounded NW. by the province of Panama, NE.
by the Spanish Main, E.by Zinu, S. by Choco,
and W. by the Pacific ocean. This province is

DAR

482

DAR

almost wholly in the power of the natives, who
are said to amount to 30,000. The chief towns
are Cana and St. Maria de Darien. It is moun
tainous and rugged, interspersed with fertile
plains. Darien, (Gulf of) on the coast of the pro
vince of Darien ; 26 leagues from N. to S.,and
9 from E. to W. Several rivers flow into it,
the largest of which is the Atrato. The coast
is full of sharp and inaccessible shoals, and on
ly towards the West and south are there fit
places for disembarking. The limits of the gulf
are sometimes extended to the sea that washes
the shores ofthe provinces of Panama and Da
rien. Darien, (Isthmus of) neck of land, which
unites North and South America, composed of
the provinces of Darien and Panama, which
belong to New-Grenada, and of Veragua, which
belongs to Guatimala. It lies in the form of a
crescent, about the great bay of Panama on
the south, and having the gulf of Mexico on
the north. It is 300 miles long, and generally
about 60 wide, but where narrowest, between
the ports of Porto Bello and Panama, only 37.
This part is sometimes called the isthmus of
Panama. The country here is made up of sick
ly valleys and stupendous mountains, which
seem to be placed as eternal barriers between
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, whioh can be
distinctly seen at the same time from the sum
mits. These mountains here forbid the idea of
a canal ; but by going Lat. 12. N., and joining
the head ofthe lake Nicaragua to a small river,
which runs into the Pacific ocean, and forming
a canal 30 miles long, through a low, level
country, a communication between the two
seas becomes practicable. See 'Cupica.
Darinagur, X. Hind., in Oude ; 20 SW. Nidji-
babad. Darke, co. W. side of Ohio. Chief town,
Greenville. Pop. 3?m.
Darkehmen, or Darkenen,X. Pru., in Gumbin
nen, on the Aftgerap ; 20 NE. Angerburg, 65
SE. Konigsberg. Lon. 22. 20. E. Lat 54. 13. N.
Pop. 1,735.
Darkesville, p-v. Berkley co. Va. ; W. 94.
Dorking, or Dorking, t Eng., in Surry, situ
ated at the angle of two valleys surrounded
with hills; 11 E. Guilford, 24 SSW. London.
Lon. 0. 15. E. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop. 3,259. The
church is collegiate. The market, particularly
celebrated for the quantity of poultry, is kept on
Thursday. -The principal trade is mealing.
D_arlaiton,X. Eng., in Staffordshire ; 7 S. New-
Gasfle-unaer-Line. Pop. 4,881.
Darley, t. Eng., in Derbyshire ; 21 N. Derby.
Pop. 990.
Darlingt6n,p-t. Warwick co. Indiana, a short
distance from the Ohio, about 40 SSE. Prince
ton. DarJinf fefe,district, N. part of S. C. ; W. 436.
Pop.in 1810, 9,047; slaves,2,731. Pop.inl820,
10,949. Darlington, X. Eng.,in Durham, on the Skern ;
18 S. Durham, 238 N. London. Lon. 1. 35. W.
Lat. 54. 38. N. Pop. 5,059. It has considerable
manufactures of linen and woollen ; there is a
weekly-market on Monday, well supplied with
corn and provisions; and 2 members are sent

to parliament— Near the town are some deep
pits, called Hell Kettles ; the diameter of the
largest is 30 yards, and of the smaller 25; the
depth from 6 to 19 feet.
Barmadijira, t. Thibet; 10 N. Sarangpour,
50 NE. Giti. Lon. 80. 30. E. Eat. 32. 31. N. .
Darmstadt, city, Ger., in Upper-Rhine, and
capital of Hesse Darmstadt, or grand duchy of
Hesse, 14 S. Frankfort on the Maine ; 18 ESE.
Mentz, 32 N. Heidelberg. Lon. 8. 36. E. Lat.
49. 5& N. Pop. 18,020. H. 970. It is situated
on the small river Darm, is a handsome regu
larly built town, the residence of the grand
duke, and contains an elegant palace, 4 chh., 2
hospitals, a provincial college, <a gymnasium,
riding school, military school, a public library,
and a cabinet of natural history. It is inclosed
by an old stone wall, but not regularly fortified.
Among the principal curiosities are the palace
of the landgrave Louis VII., and the Modern
residence of the grand duke with its beautiful
gardens, libraiy, and collections. — Nafive,Sturz.
Darnall, i . Wales, which runs into the Wye,
3 NW. Rayader Gowy.
Dames, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. ; W. 18.
Darnetal, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 2 E.
Rouen. Pop. 5,033.
Darney, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Vosges ; 16 WSW. Epinal. Fop.
1,033. Darnigheim, X. Ger., Hesse Cassel, in Hanau ;
3 W. Hanau.
Darnis, now Derne.
Darnley's Island, in Torres strait, between
New Holland and New Guinea ; 15 miles in
circ. The inhabitants are stouter than Europe
ans ; the men go entirely naked, the women
wear aprons. Lon. 142. 59. E. Lat. 9. 39. S.
Darocca, X. Spain, in Aragon, on the Xilocn,
in a valley between two hills ; 38 SSW. Sara-
gossa. Lon. 1.24. W. Lat.41.15.N. Fop.2,863.
The town is large, containing 7 parish churches,
1 of which is collegiate, and 5 convents; but
it is not,pnpulous.
Daroo, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 25 S.Kabris.
Daroon, X. Bengal ; 28 N. Islamabad.
Darore, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 50 E. Pe-
rinda, 95 NW. Beder. Lon. 76. 43. E. Lat. 18.
44. N.
Darracoote, t. Hind., in Cicacole; 33 NW.
Ganjam. Darrah, t. Bengal ; 36 SE. Curriokpour.
Darraway, t. Hind., in Tatta, on a branch of
the Indus, which is called after the town ; -65
SW. Tatta.
Darrea, t. Hind., Bahar ; 45 WSW. Arrah.
Darreahpour, X. Bengal ; 5 SE. Purneah.
Darrug, X. Hind., in ' Ruttunpour ; 11 NW,
Raypoar. Daro, r. Spain, which runs through the city
of Grenada, and joins the Xenil a little below.
Dars, small isl. or rather a peninsula, in the
Baltic, belonging to Anterior -Pomerania, sepa
rated from the island of Zingst by the river
Prerow, and united, for the most part, to the
continent of the duchy of Mecklenburg, by a
narrow strip of land. It contains 2 villages, and
a farm. Lon. 12. 26. E. Lat. 54. 28. N.
Darsena, t. Persia, in Kerman ; 80 ENE.
Sirjian.

DAS

483

DAV

Darshel, t. Curdistan ; 10 NE. Van.
Dart, (an. Domatium,) r. Eng., which rises in
Dartmoor, passes by Totness, and runs into the
English Channel, a little below Dartmouth.
Dartement, r. Madagascar, which runs into the
straits of Mozambique, Lon. 5. 4. E. Lat. 23. 30. S.
Dartford, t. Eng., in Kent, on the river Da-
rent, in the road from London to Canterbury ;
11 W. Rochester, 15 E. London. Lon. 0. 12. E.
Lat. 51. 27. N. Pop. 3,177. Here was a cele
brated nunnery, which Henry VIII. converted
to a royal palace j it is now become a gentle
man's seat. The river Darent, or Hartford creek,
as it is called, will admit boats to bring up goods
to the town. It has a good weekly market on
Saturday. Dartmoor, extensive, rugged, mountainous
tract, Eng., in the western part of Devonshire,
usually called the forest of Dartmoor, but at
present having no appearance of a forest, ex
cept what is afforded by an assemblage of
dwarf oaks, intermixed with ash and willow;
reaching from Brent S., to Oakhampton N., 20
ipiles, and 5 to 15 wide, and occupying 53,644
acres ; in all which space is no town, and only
2 villages. Here is a large prison where many
prisoners of war are frequently confined.
Dartmouth, p-t. Bristol co. Mass., on Buz
zard's bay ; 7 SW. New-Bedford, 27 S. Taun
ton, 62 S. Boston, W. 451. Pop. 3,636.
Dartmouth College, see Hanover.
Dartmouth, s-p. Eng., situated at the mouth
of the Dart, on the English Channel, said to
have been formerly called Clifton; 31 S. Exeter,
204 WSW. London. Lon. 3. 35. W. Lat. 60. 17.
N. Pop. 3,595. The harbour is safe, and large
enough to contain 500 ships. The principal em
ployment of the inhabitants consists in the New
foundland and other fisheries, in which about
350 vessels are employed. It sends 2 members
to parliament, and has a weekly market on Fri
day for corn and provisions, and one almost
every day for fish.
Daru, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 90 NE. Sirjian.
Daruvar, X. Sclavonia, in Posega, at the foot
of a mountain. Lon. 17. 26. E. Lat. 45. 37 N
Pop- 3,000.
Danenum, now Canterbury.
Darwar, considerable fortress, Hind., in Be
japore, lately ceded to the British; 88 Beja
pore, 90 ENE. Goa. Lon. 75. 9. E. Lat. 16. 5. N.
Darwen, r. Eng., in Lancashire, which runs
into the Ribble, near Preston.
Darwen, (Lower,) X. Eng., in Lancashire, near
Blackburn. Pop. 1,646. There is another place,
called Upper Darwen. Pop. 4,411.
Darwent, see Derwent.
Dory, X. Hind., on the left bank of the Indus •
20 N. Behker.
parz, see Dors.
Dasan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
SW. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 121. 30. E. Lat
«. 46. N.
Dasburg, X. Pru. Treves. Pop. 1,042.
Daschitz, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 7 NNE
Chrudim. Daschitz, see Dalschitz.
Dascho, or Dasso, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin,
on a bay of the Baltic; 17W.Wismar. Lou 11
5. E. Lat 50. 55. N. Pop. 1,737.

Dashour, or Dagjour, (an. Acanthus,) t. Egypt,
on the left bank of the Nile ; 15 S. Cairo. It is
distinguished by its mosques, and also by some
remarkable pyramids in its neighbourhood.
Dasonkar, X. Hind., in Berar ; 32 W. Mahur.
Dassau, see Dascho.
Dassawn, r. Hind., which runs into the Bet-
wha, 10 W. Raat
Dassel, X. Hanover, in Hildesheim ; 17 SSE.
Hameln, 22 SSW. Hildesheim. Lon. 9. 40. E.
Lat. 51. 48. N. Pop. 1,419.
Dassen, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
"Africa, between the Cape of Good Hope, and
Saldanny bay. Lon. 18. 2. E. Lat 33. 26. S.
Dast Swak, X- Persia, in Farsistan ; 70 S.
Schiras. Dastira, ancient city, in W. part of Turkish
Armenia. Lon. 40. 0. E. Lat. 39. 10. N. Near
this city Mithridates was defeated by Pompey
with great loss.
Dat^al Samim, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed : 250 W.
Cathem. Date, X. on E. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128. 25.
E. Lat. 0. 24. N.
Datha, X. Hind., in Oude ; 10 S. Currah.
Dalhpach, X. Arabia; 16 NE. Medina.
Datliboo, X. Africa, Bambarra; 100 E. Sego.
Datschitz, X. Moravia, in Iglau, on the Teya ;
24 S. Iglau, 25 NW. Znaym. Lon. 15. 21. E.
Lat. 49. 3. N. Pop. 1,575.
Datta, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 30 SW. Gogo.
Datteah, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 28 E. Narwa.
Lon. 78. 48. E. Lat. 25. 43. N.
Dalwah, X. Bengal ; 16 NE Ramgur.
Ddu Gledheu, (i, e. Two Swords,) r. S. Wales,
which runs into the Clethy, near Milford-Haven.
Davagoodam, X. Hind., in Rajamundry ; 31 S.
Rajamundry. Davanagiri, X. Hind., Mysore, in Chitteldroog.
Lon. 77. 2. E. Lat. 14. 24. N. H. 500. It has
an extensive manufacture of blankets, and car
ries on considerable trade.
Dauba, X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 16 WNW.
Jung Buntzel. Pop. 1,045.
Daubensee, lake, Bavaria ; 10 S. Traunstein.
Z>a«»cnsee,lake. Switz., on mount Gemmi.
Daubow,X. Hind., in Bopaltol; 20 NW. Hus-
singabad. Dauchingen, v. Baden, circle ofthe Danube;
6 S. by W. Rothweil. Pop. 600.
Daudie, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 16 N. Ashmunein.
Daudpour, X. Bengal ; 14 SW. Mahmudpour.
Daudpour, t. Bengal ; 16 S. Moorshedabad.
Daudyana, now Diadin.
Davenport, p-t. Delaware, co. N. Y. ; about
12 N. Delhi. W. 350. Pop. 1,384.
Daventry, or Daintry, (an. Banavolum,) t. Eng.,
in Northampton, with a market on Wednesday ;
19 SE. Coventry, 72 NW. London. Lon. 1. 9.
W. Lat. 52. 16. N. Fop. 2,758. The principal
trade is making whips.^-Native, Bp-Wilkins.
Daugieliszki, X. Lithuania ; 50 NNE. Wilna.
Daughn, or Thaun, t. Pru., in Treves ; 12 S.
Simmern. Dsiughn, X. Pru., in Treves ; 25 W. Coblentz,
David, settlement, in S. part of Jamaica.
David Point, on the coast of Nova Scotia, in
the gulf of St. Lawrence, at the entrance of
Chaleur bav.

DAU

484

DAX

DAvid Point, cape on N. coast of the island
of Grenada. Lon. 61.23. W. Lat. 12. 20. N.
Davidgrodek, X. Rus. Minsk ; 60 E. Pinsk.
Davidova, lake, Russia, in Tobolsk; 208 NNE.
Turuchansk. Davidova, X. Russian Siberia, on the Lena, in
Irkutsk ; 24 NNW. Vercholensk.
Davidova, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Kiren-
ga ; 60 S. Kirensk.
Davidow, X. Russia, in Minsk, on the Sluez;
60 E. Pinsk. Pop. 3,200.
Davidshoff, X. Prussia, in Oberland ; 5 SSE.
Passenheim. Davidson, co. West Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
15,608; slaves 6,305. Pop. in 1820,20,154. Chief
town, Nashville.
Davidsonville, p-t. fa cap. Lawrence co. Ar
kansas, on Black river, 3 miles above the junc
tion of Spring river ; 40 N. Batesville, 170 Lit
tle Rock, W. 1052. Lat. 36. 10. N. It contains
a court house of brick and a jail. The houses
are mostly built of logs. Black river is naviga
ble for keel boats at all seasons, and steam
boats may ascend as far as Davidsonville.
The country around is generally fertile and well
watered. Davies, co. Ken. Pop. 3,876. Chief town,
Owensborough. Davies, co. Indiana. Pop. 3,432. Chief town,
Washington. Davis, onp of the small Philippine islands.
Lon. 123. 58. E. Lat. 9. 42. N.
Davis' Cove, harbour on W. coast of Jamaica;
2 N. Green island harbour.
Davis' Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipelago,
of an oval form, about lOmiles in circumference.
Lat. 9. 40. N.
Davis' Land, isl. In the S. Pacific ocean, sup
posed to be the same as Easter Island.
Davis' Inlet, r. or arm of the sea, on E. coast
of Labrador ; the mouth situated, Lon. 60. 10.
W. Lat. 56. 20. N.
Davis'. Straits, narrow sea, which divides
Greenland from N. A. Lat. 60. to 80. N.
Davisbonugh, p-v. Washington co. Georgia,
41 Milledgeville, W. 657.
Davistown, see Monlville.
Daulakee, r. Persia, which runs into the Per
sian Gulf, N of Busheer.
Daulakee, X. Persia, in Fars, on the Daulakee ;
about 30 NE. Busheer. Pop. 5,000.
Daule, t. Quito, jurisdiction of Guayaquil, in
a district and on a river of the same name ; 20
N.Guayaquil. Daule, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 2. 8. S.
Dauli, one of the head branches of the
Ganges, which rises in the Himalaya moun
tains. Daulsen, t. Han., in Verden ; 4 NNE. Verden.
Dauma, see Dahomey.
Daumat al Gendal, or Duma, t. Arabia, in
Nedsjed; 260 ENE. Madian.
Daumazan,X. France, in Arriege ; 24 W. Mi-
repoix. Pop. 680.
Daumeray,X. France, in Maine-and-Loire ; 14
W. La Fleche. H. 270.
Daun, X. Aust., in Stiria ; 4 E. Judenburg.
Dauney, r. S. A. in Urriaba, whiclv flows W.
and joins the Orinoco, Lat. 3. 7. N.

Davos, t. Switz. fa capital of a district of the
same name, in Grisons ; 60 SE. Zurich. Lon.
5. 59. E. Lat. 46. 46. N. In the district are 2
lakes well furnished with fish ; and mines of
copper, lead, and silver; the inhabitants breed
a great number of cattle. Pop. of the district
2,000. Dauphin, isl. in N. part of the gulf of Mexico,
at the mouth of Mobile, on the coast of Alaba
ma, 5 miles from Massacre island, about 12
miles long, but narrow ; it is very barren. Lon.
88. 10. W. Lat. 30. 15. N.
Dauphin, co. Pa. ; bounded N. by Northum
berland co., NE. by Berks co., S. by Lancaster
co., SW. by the Susquehanna, which separates
it from York, Cumberland, and Mifflin cos,
Pop. 21,653. Chief town, Harrisburg.
Dauphiny, before the revolution a country
of France, which once made part of the king
dom of Burgundy, but became an appanage of
France, and the eldest prince always takes the
title of Dauphin. The country is fertile, in
some places, producing corn, wine, olives,
hemp, barley, oats, salt, wood, copperas, silk,
varnish, crystal, iron, copper, and lead ; but
two thirds of the country are mountainous and
barren. It now forms the following depart
ments : Pop. Chief towns.
Isere  471,660  Grenoble
Drome  253,372  Valence
Upper Alps ....124,763  Gap.

849,795

Daura, countiy, Africa, situated between
Bornou and Cashna.
Daurak, X. Persia, Chusistan ; 50 ESE. Suster.
Dauria, tract of countiy, Siberia, on the bor
ders of Chinese Tartary, incorporated in Ir
kutsk. Nertchintsk was the capital.
Dausar, or Calaat Giabar, X. A. Turkey, in
Diarbekir, on the Euphrates ; 30 SW. Racca.
Dausenas,X. Courland; 16 WSW. Seelburg.
Daussenau, t. Ger., in Nassau, on the Lahn ;
3 NW. Nassau, 10 ESE. Coblentz. Lon. 7. 50.
E. Lat. 50. 18. N.
Daulre, X. Canada, on the left bank of the
St. Lawrence. Lon. 73. 3. W. Lat. 46. N.
Dauw, X. on S. part of Celebes.
Dawaaty, X. Bengal ; 32 ENE. Rangamatty.
Dawapour, X. Hind., Gohud ; 48 ENE. Raat.
Dawfuskey, isl. on the coast of S. C. ; 7 miles
long and 2} broad ; 3 NE. of the mouth ofthe
Savannah. Dawl, X. Bengal ; 25 SW. Silhet.
Dawlc, X. Bohemia, Beraun ; 12 SE. Beraun.
Dawley, X. Eng., in Shropshire ; 3 SE. Wel
lington. Pop. 3,869.
Dawlish, X. Eng., in Devon, near the coast,
and frequented in the summer as a bathing
place ; 2 N. Teignmouth. Pop. 1,424.
Dawnagur, X. Hind., Orissa ; 40 NW. Cattack.
. Dax, or Dacqs, or Ax, (an Aqua Tarbelliae,
and Aqua Augusta,) X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Landes, on the Adour ;
20 NE. Bayonne, 26 SW. Monte de Marsan.
Lon. 1. 3. W. Lat. 43. 42. N. Pop. 4,398. It is
surrounded with walls, flanked with towers,
and celebrated for its warm baths ; the spring

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485

DEB

of which discharges 543 cubic feet of water in
fifteen minutes ; before the revolution it was
the see of a bishop.
Daxabon, or Dajabon, or Dahabon, or Laxa-
bon, t. St. Domingo ; 250 NW. St. Domingo.
Lon. 72. W. Lat. 19. 32. N.
Daxberg, t. Austria ; 2 W. Efferding. _
Daxenbach, or Taxenbach, t. Austria, in Salz
burg; 30 S. Salzburg.
Daymar, t. Arabia, Oman ; 220 S. Mascat.
Daymollah, X. Persia, in Comis ; 30 Bistain.
Daya, X. on W. coast of Sumatra, on a river
of the same name ; 30 S. Acheen.
Dayton, p-t. & cap. Montgomery co. Ohio,
on the Great Miami ; 25 N. Lebanon, 52 N.
Cincinnati, 66 W. by S. Columbus, W. 576.
Pop. 1,000; including the township 3,530. It is
a flourishing town, and contains a court house,
a bank, a printing office, an acauemy, a library,
2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians,
and 1 for Methodists, and has considerable
trade. Here is a bridge across the river.
Dea, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 60 SW. Kin.
Deabagen, X. Candahar; 30 NW. Candahar.
Dead, r. Wales, which runs into the Neverh,
near Newport, in Pembrokeshire.
Dead River, r. in N. part of N. H. which runs
into Margallaway river.
Dead River, r. Maine. It is the great western
branch of the Kennebeck, which unites with it,
about 20 miles below Moosehead lake.
Dead Sea, or Asphallites, i. e. the Lake of Bi
tumen, anciently called also the Sea of Sodom,
Salt Sea, and Lake Sirbon, and now by the
Arabs Bahheret-Lut; i. e. the Seo of Lot, lake,
Palestine, about 60 or 70 miles long from N. to
S., and 10 or 15 wide ; according to Mariti 180
miles in circuit ; but its dimensions are stated
with considerable diversity. It is bordered on
the east by lofty hills, having rugged and fright
ful precipices ; on the north by the plain of
Jericho, through which it receives the river Jor
dan ; other streams flow into it, but it has no
Visible outlet. The water is clear and limpid ;
uncommonly salt, and even bitter; and of
greater specific gravity than any other hitherto
discovered. The proportion of the weight ofthe
salts held in solution to the whole weight ofthe
water, varies according to different experiments
by Chemical analysis, from 25 to nearly 50 per
cent. The chief ingredients are muriate of mag
nesia,' muriate of lime, and muriate of soda.
Fragments of sulphur and bitumen, and mines
of fossil are found near the shores; and great
quantities of asphaltum, or mineral pitch, are
seen floating on the surface ofthe water.
The fishes carried hither from the Jordan,
according to the concurring testimony of tra
vellers, speedily perish ; but the latest observers
affirm that there are small ones in the lake pe
culiar to itself, as also that a few small and low
vegetables may be seen in it. The immediate
vicinity is destitute of vegetation, dull, cheer
less, and inanimate ; hence probably its name
of Dead Sea. Among the absurd fables for
merly circulated respecting this sea, it was
affirmed that the pestiferous vapours hovering
over it were fatal to birds attempting to fly
across. But this is contradicted by various re
cent travellers. "The waters of this lake," says

Dr. E. D. Clarke, " notwithstanding the num-<
berless assertions to the contrary, swarm with
fishes, shells abound on its shores, certain birds
make it a place of peculiar resort, and there is
nothing insalubrious in its exhalation." Five
cities, including Sodom and Gomorrah, situated
on this spot, were swallowed up, according to
the scriptures, on account of their unparalleled
iniquity. The neighbourhood of the lake
abounds in volcanic products, and on the wes
tern shore are many ruins. A kind of fruit,
called the apple of Sodom, of beautiful appear
ance, but never ripening, and when opened dis
closing nothing but ashes, is frequently men
tioned in history. But no fruit with these
characteristics, has been found by recent tra
vellers. Deadham, see Dedham.
Deadman's Boy, bay, on E. side of Newfound
land, S. of St. John's harbour.
Deadman's Island, one of the Magdalen isl
ands. Lon. 61. 50. W. Lat. 47. 20. N.
Deadman's Head, or Deadman's Point, cape,
Eng., on the coast of Cornwall, in the English
channel. Lon. 4. 48. W. Lat 50. 30. N.
Deal, (an. Dola,) t. Eng., on the coast of
Kent, between the North and South Forelands ;
72 ESE. London. Lon. 1. 24. E. Lat. 51. 14.
N. Pop. 7,351. It has no harbour, but the sea
between the shore and the Goodwin sands,
called the Downs, is generally a secure road
for ships. Deal is not reckoned one of the
Cinque ports, but is a member of Sandwich. A
hoy sails every other week to London. There
are 2 markets weekly, on Tuesday and Saturday.
Deal, v. Monmouth co. N. J. ; 7 S. Shrews
bury. Dean, forest, Eng., in Gloucester, between
the river Severn and the county of Monmouth.
This forest once contained 30,000 acres of land,
in which were 23 parishes, and 4 market towns,
with great abundance of fine timber. The iron
forges have lessened the quantity of wood, but
not consumed it, as care is said to be taken in
cutting it. The hills abound in iron ore.
Dean, (Great,) or JlficAeZ Dean, t. Eng., in
Gloucestershire, situated in the forest, to which
in all probability it gives name, with a market
on Monday ; 12 W. Gloucester, 120 W. Lon
don. Pop. 563.
Deane, r. Eng., which runs into the Trent,
near Newark.
Deane s Canal, inlet of the Pacific ocean ex
tending NNE. of King's island into the coast of
New Hanover, about 30 miles N. a little inclin
ing E. The entrance is in Lon. 232. 38 E
Lat. 52 27. N.
Deanliatta, t. Bengal ; 30 SE. Beyhar.
Dearadere, r. Bulgaria, which runs into the
Marcza, near Demotica.
Dearborn, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine - 22
NNW. Augusta, W. 625. Pop. 463.
Dearborn, co. SE. corner of Indiana. Pop.
11,468. Chief town, Lawrenceburg.
Dearborn's River, r. North America, which
rises in the Rocky mountains, and after a SE
course of 200 or 300 miles runs into the Mis
souri. Dearee, X. Hind., Bahar; 62 SSW. Patna
Debacally, X. Bengal; 19 ENE. Kishenagur.

DEC

486

DED

Debalpour, t. Hind., in the Malway country ;
21 W. Indore, 13 S. Ougein. Lon. 75. 50. E.
Eat. 23. 3. N.
Debalpour, t. Hind., and capital of a district,
in the country of Moultan, situated on the great
road from Delhi to Moultan ; 70 SE. Lahore,
150 E. Moultan. Lon. 73. 32. E. Lat. 30. 5. N.
Debarki, X. Nubia; 80 ESE. Sennaar. Lon.
34. 15. E. Lat. 13. 11. N.
Debeltus, now Zagora.
Deben, r. Eng., in Suffolk, which rises near
Debenham, and runs into the sea, at Harwich.
Debenham, X. Eng., in Suffolk, with a market
on Friday ; 14 N. Ipswich, 83 NNE. London.
Lon. 0. 11. E. Lat. 52. 14. N. Pop. 1,224.
Deberndorf, t. Bav. ; 3 SW. Codolzburg.
Debi-koh, t. Persia, in Laristan ; 5 N. Lar.
Debin, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 38 E. Chamir.
Deblow, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim; 4 SSW.
Chrudim. Deborus, now Dibra.
Debowe, X. Africa, in Whidah ; 15 W. Sabi.
Debra, t. Bengal ; 15 E. Midnapour.
Debra Libano, t. Abyssinia; 165 S. Gondar.
Lon. 37. 45. E. Lat. 9. 55. S.
Debra Morium, X. Abyssinia ; 60 S SE. Gondar.
Debra Selalo, X. Abyssinia ; 90 SW. Gondar.
Debra Semona, X. Abyssinia ; 1 10 S. Gondar.
Debrah, X. Bengal ; 25 WSW. Purneah.
Debreczin, or Debretzin, royal free town, Hun
gary, capital of Bihar, without walls ; 67 WNW.
Colosvar, 165 ESE. Vienna. Lon. 21. 38. E.
Lat. 47. 16. N. Pop. in 1815, 38,962. H. 4,300.
It is situated in a spacious plain, and is a true
Hungarian village, increased to the size of a
city ; meanly built, the houses being almost
wholly of only one story. It is next to Pest
the greatest trading town in Hungary, has 4
great annual fairs, and is celebrated for its vari
ous manufactures, particularly its bread, soap,
and commontobacco pipes, ofwhich 11,000,000
are annually made. It trades in cattle, corn,
Wool, tobacco, and other products of the sur
rounding country. It obtained the privilege of
a royal free town in 1715. It contains a Cath
olic gymnasium and a Calvinistic college,
which had, in 1815, 636 students, and a library
of 20,000 volumes; and is an institution of
considerable repute.
Debrowhosliz, or Drzewohostice, X. Moravia, in
Prerau ; 8 SE. Prerau. Pop. 1,022.
Deca, r. Spain, which runs into the Xalon, 6
miles below Anza, in Aragon.
Decapolis, country of Judea, which contained
ten cities, on both sides of the Jordan, extend
ing both north and south of the lake of Genesa-
reth, and including the cities of Caesarea-Philip-
pi, Capernaum, Bethsaida, and Scythopolis.
Decatur, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 635.
Decatur, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 121.
Decatur, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 12 SE. Coop-
erstown, W. 975. Pop. 908.
Decatur, p-t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 101.
Deccan, or (Ae Country of the South, extensive
countiy, Hind., bounded N. by the Narbuddah,
and S. by the Kistnah, extending across the
peninsula from sea to sea. During the reign of
the Great Mogul Aurungzebe, i. e. in the latter
half of the 17th century, this countiy was an
nexed to the kingdom of Delhi, and divided

into 6 governments, Candeish, Amednagur,
Beeder, Golconda, Bejapore, and Berar; the
capitals were Burhampour, Aurungabad, Hul-
berga, Bejapore, and Hyderabad.
Deccan Shabazpour, isl. in the mouth of the
Ganges, about 25 miles long, and 10 broad.
Lon. 98. 58. E. Lat. 22. 30. N.
Deception Bay, bay on W. coast of N. Amer
ica, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 124. 5. W.
Lat. 46. 10. N.
Deception Passage, narrow channel of the N.
Pacific ocean, between W. coast of America
and Whidbey*s island. Lat. 48. 10. N.
Dechambeau, X. Canada, on the left bank of
the St. Lawrence. Lon. 71. 53. W. Lat.46.38.N.
Dechana, r. Peru, which runs into the sea
near the island of Lobos.
Decima, see Desima.
Decimo, X. Sardinia ; 9 NW. Cagliari.
Decize, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Nyevre, situated at the conflux of the
Airon and Loire, on an island ; 15 SE. Nevers.
Lon. 3. 32. E. Lat. 46. 50. N. Pop. 2,212. Near
it are coal mines ; and antimony is found con
tained in a sulphurous ochre.
Deckabarry, t. Bengal ; 30 E. Nagore.
Deckampour, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 24 S. Bo-
paltol. Deckenal, X. Hind., Orissa ; 60 SW. Balasore.
Deckendorf, X. Bavaria, on the Danube ; 28
NW. Passau, 38 ESE. Ratisbon. Lon. 12. 55. E.
Lat 48. 47. N. Pop 2,557.
Deckerstown, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. ; 13 NE.
Newton, 20 SW. Goshen, W. 217. H. 12.
Deckingen, or Deggingen, X. Wurtemburg on
the Vils ; 4 N. Weissenstein. Pop. 1,276.
Decla, X. Hind., Nelisuram; 8 NW. Nelisuram.
Decolato, X. Naples, in Capitanata; 10 SW.
La Vulturara.
Decowly, X. Hind., in Bahar; 20 W. Patna.
Decturapour, one of the Laccadive islands, in
the Indian sea. Lon. 72. E. Lat. 12*8. N.
Decurchulta, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour; ION.
Dumdah. Decz, or Dees, X. Transylvania, on the river
Samos ; 7 NW. Samosvivar.
Dedard, X. Transylvania ; 8 W. Kercsztier.
Deddington, X. Eng., in Oxford ; market on
Saturday; 16 N. Oxford, 69 WNW. London.
Lon. 1. 14. W. Lat. 51. 59. N. Pop. 1,296
Dedeler, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 21 NW.
Cogni. Dedes, mt. Africa, which forms a boundary
between Morocco and Sugulmessa.
Dedham, p-t. fa cap. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 10 SSW.
Boston, 30 NE. Providence, W. 432. Lon. 71.12.
W. Lat. 42. 16. N. Pop. in 1810,2,172; in 1820,
2,493. It is a pleasant and valuable agricultural
town, and contains 4 Congregational meeting
houses, an Epis. ch., and a Baptist meeting
house. It is watered by Charles and Neponset
rivers, and by Mill creek, and has good water
privileges for mills and manufactories. It con
tains a woollen manufactory, a nail manufacto
ry, 2 cotton manufactories, 2 paper mills, 2 trip
hammer shops, and other valuable mills, and
various manufactures. The principal village is
pleasantly situated on Charles river, and con
tains 2 of the Congregational meeting houses,
the Episcopal church, a court house, a jail, a

DEfc

487

DEG

bank, 2 printing offices, and about 100 dwelling
houses ; a number of which are large and ele
gant. It is on the turnpike from Boston to
Providence, and a turnpike leads from this place
to Hartford.
Dtdham, t. Eng., in Essex, on the Stour, on
the borders of Suffolk, from which it is sepa
rated by the river, with a weekly market on
Tuesday ; 7 NNE. Colchester, 58 NE. London.
Lon. 0. 57. E. Lat. 51. 58. N. Pop. 1,432.
Dee, r. which rises in the county of Merio
neth, crosses the county of Denbigh, separates
that county from Cheshire, and runs into the
Irish sea about 15 NW. Chester.
Dee, r. Irelahd, which crosses co. of Louth,
and runs into the sea, 4 NE. Dunleer.
Dee, (an. Deva, or Diva,) r. Scot, which rises
in NW. part of Kircudbrightshire, from Lock
Dee, and runs into Solway Frith, about Smiles
beloW Kircudbright. It rises fi om the north side
of the mountain of Cairntoul, from the wells of
Dee, which are elevated 4,000 feet above the
level ofthe sea. It traverses a country abound
ing in mountainous and picturesque scenery,
and has several noted water falls. It has valua
ble salmon fisheries.
Dee, r. Scot, which rises in the borders of
Inverness, and runs into the German ocean, at
Aberdeen. Deel, r. Ireland, in the county of Mayo, which
runs into Lough Conn.
Deemah, X. Bengal ; 14 WNW. Purneah.
Deena, X. Africa, in Ludamar ; 27 NE. Be-
nowm. It is a large town, the inh. are mostly
¦Moors. Deencote, t. Hind., in Lahore, on E. side of
the Sinde, where is a pass across that river ; 32
S. Attock. Lon. 71. E. Lat. 32. 38. N.
Deensen,v. BrunsWick,Wolfenbuttel. Pop.636.
Deep Bay, bay on E. coast of the island of
Antigua; 1 S. Green island.
Deep Bay, bay on W. coast of the island of
Paraguay. Lon. 118. 51. E. Lat. 10. 12. N.
Deep Bay Point, cape, on W. coast of the
island of Paraguay. Lon. 1 18. 10. E. Lat. 9. 24. N.
Deep Greekjp-v. Pasquotank co. N. C. ; W. 236.
Deep Sea Bluff, cape on W. coast of N. Ame
rica, in Broughton's Archipelago. Lon. 283. 29.
E. Lat. 50. 52. N.
Deeping, ox Market Deeping, X. Eng,, Lincoln,
with a weekly. market on Thursday ; 8 N. Pe
terborough, 89 N. London. Lon. 1. 16. W. Lat.
52. 40. N. Fop. 1,220.
¦Deepgong, t. Bootan ; 24 NW. Dinagepour.
Deer, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,075.
Deer Creek, X. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 584.
Deer Creek, X. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 1,532.
Deer Creek, r. Ohio. It is a western branch
of the Scioto, and joins the main river, 7 N.
Chillicothe. Deer Creek, rivulet,Ohio, which flows into the
Ohio on E. side of Cincinnati.
Deer Isle,.isl. fa p-t. on E. side of Penobscot
bay, in Hancock co. Maine ; 9 SSE. Castine,
220 NE. Boston, W. 711. Pop. in 1810, 1,507;
in 1820, 1,842. It contains about 16,000 acres.
Deer (Great,) small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119. 36. E. Lat
5. 12. S.
Deer, (Little,) rocky islet in the E. Indian

sea, near W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119.38. E.
Lat. 5. 5. S.
Deer, (New,) v. & parish, Scot., in Aberdeen
shire; 14 S. Fraserburgh, 27 N. Aberdeen. Pom.
3,100. Near it are the remains of an abbey found
ed for Cistertian monks.
Deer, (Old,) parish, Scot, in the counties of
Aberdeen and Banf, 8 W. New Deer. Fop.
3,646. Deerness, t. Scot., on E. coast of Pomona.
Lon. 2. 36. W. Lat. 58. 50. N.
Deer Island, small isl. in the bay of Galway.
Lon. 9. W. Lat. 53. 9. N.
Deerfield, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 18
ESE. Concord, 35 NW. Portsmouth, W. 624.
Pop. in 1810, 1,851; in 1820,2,133.
Deerfield, p-t. Franklin co. Mass., on W. side
of the Connecticut ; 4 S. Greenfield, 98 W. Bos
ton, W. 403. Lon. 72. 41. W. Lat. 42. 33. N.
Pop. in 1610, 1,570; in 1820, 1,868. Here is a
pleasant and handsome village, containing a
Congregational meetinghouse and an academy.
It is situated in a very fertile tract of country,
watered by Deerfield river, is an excellent ag
ricultural town, and has the finest meadows in
the state.
Deerfield, X. Oneida co. N. Y., on the Mohawk,
opposite to Whitestown. Pop. 2,346.
Deerfield, X. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1 ,903.
Deerfield, p-t. Tioga co. Pa. ; 170 N. Harris-
burg. W. 283. Pop. 678.
Deerfield, p-t. Portage co. Ohio ; about 20>
ESE. Ravenna, 30 W. Poland, W. 338. Pop. 430.
Deerfield, X. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 1,104.
Deerfield, X. Warren co. Ohio, on the Little
Miami ; 25 NE. Cincinnati. Fop. 1,695.
Deerfield, X. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 558.
Deerfield Street, p-v. Cumberland co. N. J. i
W. 176.
Deerfield River, or Bocomtic, j-. which rises in
Stratton, Windham co. Vt., passes into Massa
chusetts, pursues an easterly course, and flows
into Connecticut river, between Deerfield and
Greenfield. Its passage through the mountains
is singular and romantic. There is frequently
not, sufficient room by the side .of the river, for
the public road, and'it is formed on the side of
the mountain leaving the river below, in some
places, to the distance of 2 or 300 feet.
<Beerong,.p-t . Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 19 NW
Amherst, W. 479. Pop. 1,415.
Deerpark, p-t. Orange co. N. Y.,; 30 W..New-
burg, W. 290. Pop. 1,340.
Deetpour, t. Bengal ; 46 N. Dacca.
Defar, X. Nubia; 60 E. Dancali.
Defertines, X. Franceyin Allier ; 3 NE. Mont-
lui;on. Deffersbach,X. Bav.; 5 NW. Schwabach.
Dtfilah, r. Africa, in Tunis, which has no
communication with any other ; about 18 m.
in length, near the mountain of Truzza.
Degagnac, X. France, in Lot ; 12 N. Cabers
Pop. 1,877.
Degena, r. S. A., which rises in -Carthagena
and runs into the Spanish Main, Lon. 76. 21 W
Lat. 8. 45. N.
,Degerby,see Louisa.
Degerfors, X. Sweden, in West-Bothnia • ,3«
NNW. Umea. ' ' *
Degerloeh, t. Wurt. ; 3 S. Stulgard.Fop. 1,000.

DEI

48S

DEL

Degersheim, t. Bav. ; 7 NW. Treuchtlingen.
Deggingen, see Deckingen.
Degligi, X. Ceylon ; 16 ESE. Candy. Eon. 80.
68. E. Lat. 7. 34. N.
i)egn«com,or De»necAojn,t.Neth.,in Overissel,
on the Dinckel ; 10 NW. Bentheim.
Degnezo, X. Transylvania; 10 NW. Bistricz.
Degnizlu, or Denizsley, X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 108 ESE. Smyrna. Lon. 29. 13. E. Lat.
37. 51. N. Pop 30,000. It is near the ruins of
the ancient Laodicea, destroyed by an earth
quake, which swallowed up many of the inhab
itants ; excellent grapes grow in the environs.
About 1715 it was destroyed by an earthquake,
in which 12,000 people perished. It was rebuilt
with unburnt brick. To the E. and S. are moun
tains covered with snow.
Dego, t. Piedmont; 15 SSW. Acqui. Pop.
1,700. Degomba, X. Africa, capital of a kingdom
north of the mountains of Kong ; 50 W. Kaffa-
ba, 140 E. Kong. Lon. 1 W. Lat. 11. 50. N.
This kingdom is represented as wealthy and
civilized, and distinguished by the art, else
where unknown in Africa, of taming the ele
phant. Degourpa, X. Hind., in Guntoor ; 24 N. Moo-
tapilly. Deh Bouzour, X. Persia, in Irak; 80 NNW.
Ispahan. Deh Couchek, X. Persia, in Irak ; 48 NW. Is
pahan. Dehabad X. Persia, in Irak ; 8 N. Natens.
Deham, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 28 WNW. Sana.
Dehasp, (an. Badrus,) r. Grand Bukharia,
which runs into the Jihon, 30 NW. Balk.
Dehatya, X. Hind., Oude ; 25 NNE. Lucknow.
Dehe, X. Persia, in Irak ; 24 SW. Natens.
Dehebar, X. Persia, Kerman ; 70 SW. Sirjian.
Dehesa, settlement, Chili, in the district of
Conception, at the mouth of the Mapocho.
DeAi CoiiA, or Debaku, X. Persia, in Laristan ;
9 W. Lar.
Dehi Domba, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 100 SSE.
Schiras. DeAi Daneh, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 60 NE.
Herat. Dehigherdou, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 100 N.
Schiras. Dehi Kourd, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 21 NW.
Lar. Dehibend, t. Persia, in Chusistan; 36 SW.
Aberkoh. Debibond, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 60 NE. Is-
tachar. Dehid, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 20 N. Istachar.
Dehkair, X. Persia, Faristan ; 7 S. Darabgherd.
Dehne, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 108 E. Meschid.
Dehnee, X. Hind., Lahore ; 28 W. Koochaub.
Dehr, X. Africa, capital of a district, in Nubia,
on the Nile, the residence of the Cacheff ; 130
SSW. Syene. It is a collection of miserable
huts. DeAri, t. Persia, Irak ; 40 NNW Sultania.
Dehrung, elevated and fertile district, Assam,
on N. side of the Burrampooter; 3 miles square.
Dehtly, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 20 N. Junagur.
Dehtiez, X. Hungary ; 15 NW. Leopoldstadt.
Deidesheim, see Deydesheim.
Oeifan, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 32 N. Sana.

Deiggitsch, r. Ger., which runs into the Kain-
ach about a mile SE. Voitsberg.
De«7ingen,t.Wurt., Ober Hogenberg. Pop.700.
Deinach, t. Wurtemberg, in the Black Forest ;
3 SSW. Calw. It is noted for mineral springs.
Deinek, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia; 36 W.
Birlat, 66 SSW. Jassy.
Deinsburg, t. Carinthia; 5 N.Ebernstein.
Deinse, or Deynse, t. Flanders, on the Lys ;
9 S W.Ghent. Lon. 3. 37. E. Lat. 50. 59. N. Pop.
2,598. Deim, r. or canal, Prussia, in Samland, which
forms a communication from the Pregel at Ta-
pian, to the Curisch Haff; 3 N. Ladiau.
Deir, or Dyre, X. Cordofan ; 150 W. Sennaar.
Deir, (El,) or Taphsach, (an. Thapsacus,) t.
Syria, on the Euphrates ; 55 SE. Racca, HOE.
Aleppo. Lon. 39. 45. E. Lat. 35. 18. N. It was a
celebrated pass, and made use of by Cyrus, Da
rius, and Alexander ; and the last had a dock
for the building of ships.
Deir el Abulifi, t. Egypt, a little N. Birket el
Kerun ; 45 SW. Cairo.
Deir el Aduvieh, t. Egypt, on the right bank
of the Nile ; 6 S. Cairo. Here is a Coptic con
vent. Deir el Akul, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ;
23 SE. Al Modain.
Deir Emelac, X. Egypt, on the right bank of
the Nile ; 12 S. Achmim.
Deir Ettun, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile, celebrated for its figs, whence the name ;
2 S. Cairo. Near it is a mosque, called Atter-
Ennaby, greatly venerated by Mahometans, be
ing founded on the spot where the first calif
Oman left the print of his foot.
Deir Habuha, X. Egypt, on the right side of
the Nile ; 6 NE. Achmim.
Deir el Kamr, see Dair el Kamar.
Deir Saferan, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, the
residence of the patriarch of the Jacobite Chris
tians ; 10 NW. Mardin. Here is a convent, in
which, it is said, the original charter remains, by
which Mahomet confirmed the free toleration
of worship to the Christians.
Deirut, X. Egypt, on the Nile ; 3 NW. Faoua.
Lat. 31. 13. N.
Deitenberg, X. Wurzburg ; 2 N. Schweinfurt.
Deiva, X. Genoa ; 7 W. Brugneto.
Deizabad, X. Persia, in Irak ; 90 N. Ispahan.
Deizisau, X. Wurtemberg, bailiwick of Esslin-
gen, on the Neckar. Pop. 700.
Dek, island, Abyssinia, in lake Dembea.
De-lcalb, p-t St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the
Oswegatchie ; 20 miles from the St. Lawrence,
216 NW. Albany, W. 503. Pop. 709.
Dekian, X. Persia, Faristan ; 25 S.Kazeron.
Dekin, X. Africa, and capital of a country, on
the Tacazze; 110 S. Jalac. Lon. 34. 30. E.
Lat. 17. 6. N.
Dekuk, X. Curdistan ; 35 SW. Cherezur.
Delagoa, or Lagoa, or Bay of Lorenzo Mar
ques, bay of the Indian sea, on E. coast of Africa,
about midway between Mozambique and the
cape. It is supposed to be inhabited by about
10,000 Caffres, under various chiefs. Gold dust
and elephants teeth are found here. It extends
about 20 leagues from N. to S. and 7 from E. to
W. It has many shoals. Delagoa river flows into
it, and is navigable for boats200 miles. Lat. 26. S. .

DEL

489

DEL

Delam, X. Persia, in Farsistan 5 60 NW. Bender
Rigk. Lon. 49. 10. E. Lat. 29. 50': N.
De la Fouche Bay, bay on W. coast of N. A.
Lon. 132. 29. W. Lat 52. 39. N.
Delai Jeung, X. Bootan ; 9 SW. Tassasudon.
Lon. 89. 22. E. Lat. 27. 46. N.
Delaram, X. Persia, Segestan ; 90 NE. Zareng.
Delas, r. Wales, which runs into the Yrvon,
6 SW. Builth.
Delas, now Diala.
Delalin, X. Aust. Galicia ; 24 S. Stanislawow.
Delaval Bay, bay on N. side of the river St.
Lawrence. Lon. 82. W. Lat. 26. N.
Delawar, X. Hind., in Guzerat, on the coast ;
10 NW. Puttan Sumnaut
Delaware, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Otsego
co.,-NE. by Schoharie co., SE. by Greene and
Sullivan cos., SW. by the Delaware, which se
parates it from Pennsylvania, and W. by Broome
and Chenango cos. Pop. in' 1810, 20,303 ; in
1820, 26,587. Chief town, Delhi.
Delaware, co. SE. part of Pa. ; bounded NW.
and NE. by Chester co., E. by Philadelphia co.,
SE. by Delaware river, and S. by Delaware
state. Pop. in 1810, 14,734; in 1820, 14,810.
Chief town, Chester.
Delaware, r. U. S., which rises in Catskill
mountains N. Y. In its course it separates Pa.
from N. Y. and N. J., and loses itself in Dela
ware bay, about 5 miles below Newcastle. It
is navigable for a 74 gun ship to Philadelphia,
55 miles ; for sloops to Trenton, 90 miles, and
for boats 100 further. The whole length, from
its source to the. bay, is about 300 miles. The
principal towns on the Delaware, besides Phi
ladelphia, are Easton and Bristol, Pa., Trenton,
Bordentown, and Burlington, N. J.
Delaware Bay, large bay, or arm of the sea,
between the states of Delaware and New-Jer
sey, formed by the mouth of the Delaware river
and several other smaller ones. It is 65 miles
long, and in the centre about 30 miles across,
and about 18 at its mouth, from Cape Henlo-
pen to Cape May. Lon. ofthe mouth, 75 W.
Lat. 38. 50. N.
DELAWARE, one of the U. S., bounded N.
by Pennsylvania, E. by Delaware river and
bay, S. and W. by Maryland. Lon. 74. 56. to
75. 40. W. Lat. 38. 29. to 39. 47. N. ; 92 miles
long, and 23 broad. Sq. m. 2,120. Pop. in
1790, 59,094 ; in 1800, 64,272 ; in 1810, 72,674;
in 1820, 72,749; white males, 27,904; white
females, 27,377; free blacks, 12,958; slaves,
4,509. Persons engaged in agriculture, 13,259 ;
in manufactures, 2,821 ; in commerce, 533.
Militia, in 1821,7,451.
Cos. Hundreds. Pop. Chief Towns.
Kent 5 20,495 Dovek.
Newcastle 9 24,429 \™^
Sussex 11 27,750 Georgetown.
25 72,674
Towns. Dover is the seat of government.
Wilmington is the largest town. The other
most considerable towns are Newcastle, George
town, Smyrna, Milford, and Lewistown.
Religion. Presbyterians are the most numer
ous denomination of christians. The number
of congregations of the several denominations
Vol. J. 62

has been stated as follows :— Presbyterians 24,
Episcopalians 14, Baptists 8, Friends 4. There
are besides a considerable number of Methodists.
Government. The legislature consists of a
senate chosen for 3 years, and a house ot rep
resentatives chosen annually on the first Tues
day in October. The governor is chosen by
the people for 3 years, but can hold the office
only 3 years in 6.
Rivers. The principal rivers besides the De
laware which forms a part of the boundary, are
Brandywine creek, Christiana creek, Duck
creek, Mispillion creek, Indian river, Choptank,
and Nanticoke.
Face of the Country. The general aspect of
this state is that of an extended plain, favour
able for cultivation. Some of the upper parts
of the county of Newcastle, indeed, are irre
gular and broken. The heights of Christiana
are lofty and commanding, and the bills of
Brandywine are rough and stony ; but in the
lower country there is very little diversity of
level. The highest ridge between Delaware
and Chesapeake bays passes through this state.
On the summit of the ridge there is a chain of
swamps, from which a number of waters de
scend on the west to Chesapeake bay, and on
the east to the river Delaware. Along the De
laware river, and about 9 miles into the inte
rior, the soil is generally a rich clay, which
produces large timber, and is well adapted to
the purposes of agriculture ; but between this
tract and the swamps the soil is light, sandy,
and of an inferior quality. In the, county of
Newcastle the soil is a strong clay ; in Kent it
is mixed with sand, and in Sustex the sand
greatly predominates.
Productions. The principal articles of pro
duce are wheat, Indian corn, rye, barley, oats,
flax, buck wheat, and potatoes. The county of
Sussex contains some excellent grazing lands,
and it exports great quantities of timber, ob
tained from Cypress swamp, on Indian river,
which extends about 6 miles from E. to W.,
and nearly 12 from N. to S. The staple com
modity is wheat, which is produced of a supe
rior quality, and is highly esteemed for its un
common softness and whiteness, and is prefer
red in foreign markets. Large establishments
have been erected for manufacturing wheat in
to flour. Of these the Brandywine mills, in the
vicinity of Wilmington, are the most important.
These are the finest collection of mills in the
United States, and are celebrated both for the
excellence and the quantity of flour which they
manufacture. Minerals. Delaware contains very few mi
nerals. In the county of Sussex, and among
the branches of the Nanticoke, are large quan
tities of bog iron ore, well adapted for casting.
Before the revolution it was wrought to a great
extent, but since that event the business has
declined. Delaware, X. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 424.
Delaware, t Pike co. Pa. Pop. 737.
Delaware, co.in central partof Ohio. P.7 339.
Delaware, p-t. fa cap. DelaWare co. Ohio' on
the Whetstone; 25 N. Columbus, 65 NW
Zanesville, W. 404. Lat. 40. 18 N. Pop. 369-
including the township, 695. It is pleasantly

DEL

490

DEL

Situated, and contains a brick court house; and
about 60 houses, a number of which are hand
somely built with brick.
Delaware, t. King William co. Va., on a point
of land where the Pamunky and Mattapony
unite to form York river, about 28 m. above
Yorktown. Delaware, too. Indiana. Pop. 3,679.
Delawares, Indians, once a numerous and
powerful tribe, who possessed a part of Penn
sylvania, New-Jersey, and New-Xork, and
were able to furnish 600 warriors. They re
moved, and resided about 60 years in Ohio ; but
of late chiefly on White river, Indiana; a part in
Upper Canada. In 1818, they sold their lands
in Indiana to the U. S., with a view to remove
west of the Mississippi. No. 1,000.
Delawrpour, pr. Bengal, bounded N. by Din-
¦ agepour, E. by Soorore and Dinagepour, S. by
' Dinagepour, nnd W. by Rajemal ; nearly of a
triangular form ; the base towards N. about 16
miles, and each of the sides about 13. Chura-
mund is the capital.
Delbatta, X. Hind., in Concan ; 40 S. Severn-
droog. Delbruck, X. Pru.,in Minden, nearwhich Ger-
manicus defeated the Bructeri ; 8 WNW. Pa-
derborn. Pop. 845.
Delcito, X. Naples, Capitanata ; 10 SSE. Troja.
Dele, district, Brazil, in the middle of the
captainship of Seara.
Delebio, t. Lombardy, in Sondrio, on a small
river, which soon after runs into the Adda ; 5
NW. Morbegno. Near this town the duke of
Milan obtained a celebrated victory over the ,
Venetians, in the year 1432, or 1434.
Delden, X. Neth., in Overissel; 9 WSW. OI-
denzeel, 25 ENE. Zutphen. Pop. 1,098.
Delec, settlement, Quito, in Cuenca.
Deleh, t. Africa, -in Nubia ; 10 SE. Giesin.
Delehameit, v. Syria, inhabited'by Maronites ;
where is a church, built after the model ofthe
temple of Balbeck ; supposed to be the ancient
Aphaca; 10 N. Balbeck.
Delfin, see Dauphin.
Delfino, or Delvino, or Delonia, (an. Eleus,)
one of the principal towns of Lower Albania;
60 SSW. Edessa, 356 W. Constantinople. Lon.
20. 30. E. Lat. 40. 4. N. Pop. 8,000. It is a
strong place, and defended by a castle.
Delft, (an. Delphi,) city, Neth., in S. Holland,
on a canal called the Schie, which, after tra
versing the city, runs into the Meuse at Schie
dam and Delftshaven ; 8 NW. Rotterdam, 29
SSW. Amsterdam. Lon. 4. 22. E. Lat. 52. 1.
N. Pop. 13,852. It is tolerably well built, but
isold and of gloomy aspect ; most of the streets
divided by narrow stagnant canals, except in
the centre there are two spacious streets, with
broad canals, bordered with rows of trees. It
has 9- churches. The old church contains the
tombs of admirals Van Tramp and Heyn. In
the new church is a superb monument erected
to' the memory of prince Maurice and of Hugo
Grotius, who was born here in 1583. Here are
manufactured earthen ware, called Delft ware,
tobacco pipes, icloth, and carpets. Butter and
beer are articles of wholesale trade.
_ Delftshaven, s-p. Neth., in S. Holland, on N
side of the Meuse, with a canal cut to join the

Schie, by means of which boats may pass to
Delft, the Hague, and other places; 2 SW. Rot
terdam, 8 SSE. Delft. Lon. 4.20. E. Lat 51.
54. N. Pop. 2,680. It is strongly fortified, and
well defended by dams.
Delfzuyl, or Delfzyl, fortress, Neth., in Gron
ingen, in the Ommeland, at the mouth of the
Damster, where it empties itself into the Ems ;
11 WSW. Emden, 15 NE. Groningen. Lon. 6.
44. E. Lat. 53. 19. N. Pop. 811. It has often
been demolished and rebuilt, and is nowastmng
place, fortified with good ramparts, 7 bastions,
and a citadel, with large and deep ditches,; the
harbour is very convenient, and will contain a
great number of vessels.
Delgada, point, on N. coast pf foe straits of
Magellan. Delhi, p-t. fa cap. Delaware co. N. Y., on the
Delaware ; 68 W. Catskill, 90 SW. Albany, W.
354. Pop. 2,285.- The township is extensive ;
near its centre there is a pleasant village con
taining the county buildings, and3P or 40 houses,
Delhi, X. Hamilton co. Obfo. Pop. 1,158.
Dethi, pr. Hind., bounded NW. by Lahore,
N. by the Himaleh mountains, which separate
it from Thibet, E. by Kemaoon and Oude, S.by
Agra, and W. by Agimere and Moultan ; lying
chiefly between Lat. 28. and 31. N. ; about 25Q
miles long, and 180 broad. Fop. estimated at
about 5,000,000; Hindoos, Mahometans, and
Seiks. The chief towns are Delhi, Sehaurun
pour, Sirhind, Tanaser, and Anopsheer. The
principal rivers are the Ganges and Jumnah.
A great part of it is steiiie for want of water.
It was formerly much more wealthy and popu
lous than at present ; having been the seat of
various wars, it has been miserably laid waste,
and in some parts almost depopulated- The
most fertile parts yield good pasture, wheat,
bailey, and sugar cane. — The part east of the
Jumnah, with a considerable district round the
city of Delhi, belongs in fact to the British, but
its, revenues are alotted to support the family
and establishments of the emperor, or great
mogul, now reduced to the humiliating state of
dependency on a foreign power. The southern
part is possessed by native chiefs in alliance
with the British. The countiy northwest ofthe
Jumnah, and south ofthe Setledge is occupied
by a, number of petty Seik chiefs.
Delhi, city, Hind., capital of the province of
Delhi, for many years of Hindoostan, on the
Jumnah ; 92 NNW. Agra, 300 NW. Allahabad.
Lon. 77. 9. E. Lat. 28. 43. N. Pop. variously
estimated from 100, to 200,000. The ancient
name was Indrapul, Inderput, or Inderprest;
the Mahometan name is Shahjehanabad. It
was for a long time the capital of Hindoostan,
the seat of the great mogul, the boast of India ;
and during the era of its splendour, said to have
occupied a site 20 miles in length, and the
ruins now cover nearly as. great a space. It was
taken, in 1193, by the Mahometans, under Cut-
tubaddecn Khan, who fixed his residence here,
and on his succeeding to the throne, it became
the capital of Hindoostan. In 1398, it was taken,
pillaged, and reduced to a heap of ruins by Ta
merlane. It afterwards partially recovered, till
towards the end of the 16th century, when
Akbar transferred the seat of royalty to Agra.

DEL

491

DEM

In 1631, the emperor Shah Jehan founded the
new city of Delhi on the west bank of the Jum
nah, near the ruins of the old city, and gave it
the name of SJtahjehanabad. During the reign
of Aurengzebe, the third son of Sha Jehan, the
revenue Of the city amounted to £3,813,594;
and its population was computed at 2,000,000,
probably an exaggeration. It continued to in
crease in splendour and importance till the in
vasion of Nadir Shah in 1739, when 100,000
inhabitants were massacred, and j£32,000,000
sterling of plunder are said to have been col
lected. It was again pillaged and depopulated
in 1756, 1769, and 1760, by Ahmed Abdallah.
Since 1803 it has been in reality subject to the
British government, though still the residence
of the emperor or great mogul, who has a. no
minal authority, but is virtually dependent on
the British.
Modern Delhi contains the remains of many
splendid palaces, and is adorned with many
beautiful mosques still in good repair, the most
remarkable of which is Jama Musjid, or great
cathedral. This mosque is 261 feet long, the
whole front faced with white marble,^urround-
¦ed at top with 3 magnificent domes iof white
marble, flanked by 2 minarets. The city has
2 spacious streets, leading from the palace to
the principal gates, and many good houses
built of brick. The rest of the streets are nar
row and irregular ; and the houses built without
order, of brick, mud, bamboos, and mats, gene-
rally covered with thatch, resembling a motley !
group of villages, rather than an extensive
town. The bazars are but indifferently furnish
ed. Cotton cloths and indigo are manufactured
in the town and neighbourhood. In the vicin
ity, on the banks of the Jumnah, corn, rice,
millet, and indigo are principally cultivated. —
The Baptists have a missionary here.
Delis, r. Malacca, which runs into the Chi
nese sea, Lon. 103. 58. E. Lat 2.33. N.
Delisle's Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipela
go, about 12 miles in circ. Lat. 10. 38. N.
Delitzsch, or Dolitzsch, X. Pru. Saxony, in
Merseburg, containing 3 churches and a cha
pel ; 12 N. Leipsic, 16 E. Halle. Lon. 12. 19.
E. Lat. 51. 33. N. Pop.2,507.
Deliverance,(Islands of) cluster of small isT-
ands, near E." coast of New-Georgia, in the S.
Pacific ocean. Lon. 162. 30. E. Lat. 11. 1. S.
Delium, ancient town, Bceotia, opposite
Chalcis ; famous for a battle fought 424 B.C.
' Delkenheim, X. Ger., in Nassau ; 5 NNE.
.Mentz. Pop. 414.
Delkiras, X. Natolia; 40 W. Tocat
Dellamcotta, fortress, Asia, in Bootan, which
commands the principal pass over the moun
tains; 50 SW. Tassasudon, 175 N. Moorsheda
bad. Lon. 88. 36. E. Lat. 27. 2. N.
Delle, t. France, in Upper-Rhine; 9 SE.
Befort Pop 820.
Dellua, X. Bengal ; 60 N. Dacca.
Dellq, t. on N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 98.
12. E. Lat. 3.48. N.
Dellys, or Teddeles, s-p. Algiers; 45 E. Al
giers. This is a small place, built out of the
ruins of an ancient city, partly at the foot, and
partly on the declivity of a high mountain ;
supposed by Dr. Shaw to have been called
Rusucarmm, or Rusuccorte.

Delmar, X. Lycoming co. Pa. ; 25 NW. Wil-
liatnsport Deloo, t. on N. coast of the island of Tiirior,
belonging to the Portuguese. Lon. 125. 45. E.
Lai. 8.23. S.,
Delm, X. Hanover, in Bremen. Pop. 2,042.
Delme, X. France, in Meurte ; 6NW. Chateau
Satins. Delme, r.. Ger., which runs into the Weser,
near Delmenhprst
Delmenhorsl, X. Ger., in Oldenburg, capital of
a .circle, pn the river Delme, near its union with
the Weser; 7 SW. Bremen. Lon. 8. 40. E.
Lat. 53. 3. N. Pop. 1,392.
Delminium, or Dalminium, city, lllyricum,
ancient capital of Dalmatia; 63 N. Epidaurus.
Delmont, or Delemont, or Delsperg, X. Switz.,
in Berne, situated on the side of a hill, near the
conflux of the Biers and the Some ; 12 ESE.
Porrentrui, 16 SSW. Bale. Lon. 7. 11. E. Lat
47. 27. N. Pop. 1,062. It contains an episco
pal palace, and 2 convents.
Delora, r. Chili, in. the province of St. Jago,
which flows into the Pacific, Lat. 34. 45. S.
Delos, anciently called also Lagia, Ortygia,
Asteria, Clamidia, Pelasgia, Pyrpyle, Cynlhus,
and Cynmthus ; now Dili, Ilegi, Sdili, and
Sdilks, isl. Archipelago, celebrated in ancient
times as the birth place of Apollo and Diana,
and as the centre of the cluster of islands call
ed Cyclades. It contained a magnificent tem
ple dedicated to Apollo, erected at the joint ex
pense of all the Grecian states, .and was cele
brated for its Oracle. The island is now covered
with ruins, among which the columns, altars,
porticoes, and inscriptions, attest its former
grandeur. It is only 8 miles in circuit, of rocky
surface, and uninhabited. It is sometimes call
ed Little Delos, and the island Rhenea, lying
near it, Great Delos. . See Rhenea.
Deloud, X. Hind., ;in Malwa; 20 miles from
Bopaltol. Delphi, p-v. Onondago co. NY., in Pompey ;
113 W. Albany, W. 400.
Delphi, p-t." Marian co. Ten. ; 90 Murfrees-
borough, W. 670.
Delphi, or Delphos, now Castri, and Delft,
Delsperg, see Delmont.
Delta, name given to a tract of country, en
closed between the branches of the Nile in
Egypt, from its supposed resemblance to the .
Greek letter so called. It is likewise applied
to the mouths of the Ganges, ofthe Ava, and
other rivers.
Delting,X. Shetland; 11 NNW. Lerwick.
Delvin, X. Albania ; 36 SW. Delfino.
Delvino; or Dolonia, see Delfino.
Delyca, X. Hind., Baglana ; 30 NNE. Chandor.
Dema, r. Russia, which runs into the Bielaia,
at Upha. .'
Demachados, t. Buenos-Ayres ; 21 NNW.
Buenos-Ayres. Demote, X. Egypt; 6 NW. Mansora.
Demala, see Mala.
Demalcotta, X. Golconda ; 10 SE. Canoul.
Demange aux Eaux, X. France; in Meuse ; 8
W. Vaucouleurs.
Demass, or Demsass, t. Tunis, on E coast; 8
SE. Lempta. Lon. 11. I.E. Lat. 35. 26.N.
jPemai'enrf, t. Persia, in Irak; 60 E. Casbm.-

DEM

492

DEN

Demavend, mt. Persia, in Irak, N. of Teheran ,
and S. ofthe Caspian sea; said to be upwards
of 10,000 feet high.
Dembacani, X. Gedumah, on N. side of the
Senegal. Lon. 10. 56. W. Lat. 15. 3. N.
Dembea, large lake, Abyssinia,' in a province
of the same name, in W. part of that country.
It is supposed to be 450 miles in circ. and con
tains many islands, one of which is a place of
confinement for state prisoners. The Bahr-el-
Azrek, the Abyssinian Nile, flows through it.
Demberari, X. Africa, in M'ocaranga. Lon. 30.
50. E. Lat. 18. 30. S.
Dembo Aembo, X. Africa, in Congo ; 45 NW.
Maopongo. Dembo Angongo, pr. in S. part of Congo.
Dembo Quingengo, pr. in SE. part of Congo.
Demelsdorf X. Bavaria ; 10 NE. Bamberg.
Demenhw, or Damanhur, or Demenhur el
Wohost, (an, Hermopolis Pafva,) X. Egypt, on a
canal made from the left branch of the Nile, to
lake Mareotis ; 24 S. Rosetta, 34 ESE, Alexan
dria. Lon: 30. 47. E. Lat. 30. 59. N. It is a poor
town, badly built, but large, and the residence
of a bey. The inhabitants carry on a consid
erable trade in cotton.
Demer, r. Netherlands, which passes by Has-
selt, Diest, Arschot, fac, and runs into the
Scheldt, between Antwerp and Dendermond
Demerary, or Demarara, r. S. A. in Dutch
Guiana; which after a course of about 200 miles
flows into the Atlantic, Lon. 58. 25. W. Lat. 6.
40. N. It is 2 miles wide at its mouth, and is
navigable for ships of considerable burden
nearly 100 miles. It affords an excellent har
bour, but the bar will not admit vessels draw
ing more than 18 feet.
Demarara, pr. Guiana, which derives its name
from the above river. It originally belonged
to the Dutch, was ceded to Great Britain in
1814. It extends about 100 miles along the
coast, lying on the east of Essequibo, and on
the west of Berbice. The soil is very fertile,
producing abundant crops of sugar, coffee, cot
ton, rice, fac The exports to Great Britain in
1807, consisted of 19,337 hogsheads of sugar,
4,722 puncheons of rum, 23,604 bales of cot
ton, 12,390,102 pounds of coffee, 1,694 casks of
molasses. The climate resembles that of S.
Carolina. For 20 miles up the river the coun
try consists of extensive meadows and is per
fectly level ; then appears some sand hills ;
afterwards the country becomes mountainous
and broken. Pop. in 1805, including Essequi
bo, 3,610 whites, 5,140 coloured and free ne
groes ; 47,440 slaves, 56,190 Indians, and in
1815, 2,871 whites, 2,980 people of colour, and
77,080 slaves. — The Methodists have 2 mission-
arieshere^Chief town, Stabroek.
9H ¦HRmazonia, which flows into the
Demerosesa, now Dumfries.
Demesk, see Damascus.
Demetrias, see Akkar, and Kerkuk.
Demetrias, X. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, on the
gulf of Volo ; Greek abp. see ; 30 S. Larissa.
Demeu, X. France, Gers ; 6 W. Vic Fezensac.
Demianka, r. Russia, which runs into the Ir
tisch, near Demianskoi.
' Demianskoi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, situated at

the conflux of the Demianka and the Irtisch ;-.
100 NNE. Tobolsk. Lon.69. 22. E. Lat. 59.35. N.
Demiliague, small islands, in the Indian sea,,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 11. 6. S.
Demiquian, r. Indiana, which runs into the
Illinois, 23 miles above the Sagamond.
Demir Capi, X. Natolia ; 20 SE.' Balikesri.
Demm, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 20 SSW. Chamir.
Demmin, X. Prussia; Pomerania, in Stettin ;
on the Peene ; 26 S. Stralsund. Lon. 13. 2. E.
Lat. 53. 54. N. Pop. 3,806. Grain forms the
principal article of its commerce.
Demnau, X. Prussia ; 24 SSE. Konigsberg.
Democrat, X. Egypt, thought by Norden to be
the ancient Crocodilopolis ; 40 miles Asna.
Demona, (Val di, or Valley of) pr. Sicily, oc
cupying NE. part of the island, extending from,
the strait of Messina to Catania, having the
valley of Mazzara west, and the valley of Noto
south ; 112 miles long, and 65, where widest,
broad. Pop. 521,000. H. 93,265. Chief towns,
Messina, the capital, Melazzo, Cefalu, and
Taorraina. The countiy is mountainous and
woody, and fertile only on the banks of the
rivers. The productions are silk, hemp, flax,
olives, pistachio nuts, lemons,v oranges, cur
rants, figs, and sulphur.
Demonte, or Demona, X. Piedmont, near the
Stura; 11 W. Coni, 14 SSW. Saluzzo. Lon. 7.
24. E. Lat. 44. 21. N. Pop'. 6,000. It has a cit
adel and 3 churches.
Demopolis, p-t. Marengo co. Alabama; 125
Cahawba, W. 918.
Demopolis, p-t. Walton co. Georgia ; 95 Mil
ledgeville, W. 713.
Demotica, or Dimotuc, X. Eu. Turkey, in Ro
mania, situated near the Mariza; 12 S. Adrian-
ople, 115 NW. Constantinople. Pop. 8,000.
Greek abp. see. 2 Greek churches. It is situat
ed in a very agreeable country, has a citadel,
and is tolerably well built
Denain, X. France, in North, on W. side of
the Scheldt ; 4 NE. Bouchain, 5 SW. Valen
ciennes. Pop. 927.
Denara, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 38 SW. Arrah.
Denat, X. France, Tarn ; 7 N. Alby. Pop. 334.
Denavaca, X. Ceylon ; 50 S. Candy.
Denbigh, bor. fa cap. Denbighshire, in N.
Wales, on the side of a rocky hill, on a branch
of the river Clwyd ; called by the Welsh, Cled-
vryn yn Rhos, i. e. the craggy hillin Ross; 61 E.
Holyhead, 208 NW. London. Lon. 3. 21. W.
Lat. 53. 12. N. Pop. 2,714. The town is well
built, and the inhabitants carry on a consider
able trade in gloves, shoes, and other articles
of leather. There is a market on Wednesday.
Denbighshire, co. N. Wales, bounded N. by
th'e Irish sea, NE. by Flintshire, E.by Cheshire
and Shropshire, S. by Merionethshire, and W.
by Caernarvonshire ; about 38 miles long, and
18 broad ; and is divided into 12 hundreds. The
principal tjjwns are Denbigh, Wrexham, Ruthin,
and Llanrwst The country is in general moun
tainous, and some of the mountains always cov
ered with snow ; and in some are mines of
lead. Pop. 60,352 ; 21,104 engaged in agricul
ture, 6,960 in trade and manufactures.
Deckenfeld, X. Bavaria; 3 NNW. Burg Ebe
rach. Dender, r. Flanders, which passes by Lessi-

DEN

498

DEN

fles, Ninove, Alost, fac, and runs into the
Scheldt, at Dendermond.
Dendera, (an. Tentyra,) X. Egypt, at the edge
of a small but fertile plain, about a mile from
the left bank of the Nile ; 48 SSE. Girge, 242
S.Cairo. Lon. 32. 31. E. Lat. 26. 8. N. It is
the residence of an Arabian prince, who takes
the title of Emir. The people of Tentyra were
famous for their enmity to the crocodile. The
inhabitants of this city were great worshippers
of Isis and Venus. The remains of 3 temples,
the largest of which is in a high state of preser
vation, still exist. The largest and one of the
other two were dedicated to Isis ; and the for
mer affords the noblest specimen remaining of
Grecian architecture. From the many heaps
of ruins that are seen, the city appears to have
been large ; they extend about 1 mile from E. to
W. and half a mile from N. to S. The town has
been much frequented since the time of its an
cient splendour, for the buildings are almost
filled up with ashes and rubbish.
Denderbelle, X. Flanders ; 3 S. Dendermond.
Dendermond, or Termond, X. Neth., in East
Flanders, capital of a district ; 14 E. Ghent, 17
NW. Brussels. Lon. 4. 20. E. Lat. 51. 1. N.
Pop. 6,208. It is situated at the union of the
Dender and Scheldt, in a very fertile countiy,
and surrounded with meadows well watered by
those two rivers, which, by means of sluices,
will in a short time produce water enough to
inundate all the neighbouring country. It has
2 parish churches, 3 convents, and 2 hospitals.
Denderwyndeke, X. Flanders ; 3 S. Ninove.
Deneacolly, X. Bengal ; 22 SE. Burdwan. Lon.
88. 13. E. Lat. 22. 57. N.
Denee, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 7 S.
Angers. Deneebow, X. Birmah, on the Irawaddy; 45
NNW. Rangoon. Lat. 17. 17. N.
Denevaca, see Denavaca.
Deneuvre, X. France, in Meurte ; 10 SE. Lu
neville. Fop. 1,471.
Denezi, I. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 8 W.
Sauinur. Dengarlen, see Damgard.
Denghe, X. Persia, in Irak ; 50 S. Casbin.
Dengling, X. Saltzburg ; 20 NW. Saltzburg.
Denguin, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 3
W. Lescar. •
Denia, (an. Dianium,) s-p. Spain, in Valen
cia ; 38 NNE. Alieant. Lon. 0. 2. W. Lat. 38
50. N. Pop. 2,000. The entrance into the har
bour is difficult and dangerous. The chieftrade
is in raisins and almonds.
Deningen, v. Baden, where the French des
troyed a bridge across the river Eltz, in 1796.
k Denkendorf X. Wurt., Rothenburg. Pop. 1,285]
Denizley, see Degnizlu.
Denkina, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 55 E. Serin
gapatam. Denkingen, X. Baden ; 3 ESE. Pfullendorf
Pop. 800.
Denkon, X. Poland, in Sendomir; 22 NW
Sendomir. H. 130.
Denmark, p-t. Oxford co. Maine; 30 SW
Paris, W. 594. Pop. 792.
Denmark, or Harrisburg, p-t. Lewis co. N Y
on Black river; 150 NW. Albany, W. 450. Pop!

Denmark, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, E, of Jef- '
ferson ; 230 NE. Columbus, W.379. Pop. 111.
DENMARK, km. Europe, the continental
part of which is composed of Jutland, Sleswick,
Holstein, and Lauenburg ; the insular part of
Zealand, Funen, Langeland, Laaland, Falster,
Bo'rnholm, Amack, Samsoe, Arroe, Lessoe, and
other smaller islands. It has. Mecklenburg, the
territories of Lubec and Hamburg, and the river
Elbe, on the S. On all other sides it is surround
ed by the sea. Iceland and the Faroe islands
belong to Denmark. Sq. m, Pop.
Jutland  9,500  440,000
Zealand  2,607  327,300
Funen  1,193  127,000
^o^r'San'dsl1'030  ™>™>
Sleswick  3,434  278,342
Holstein  3,254  360,000
Lauenburg  214  34,938
21,252 1,667,580
Iceland about  40,000  48,063
Faroe islands  500  6,209

1,720,272
Population. The population, including all the
foreign possessions, was stated by Malte Brun,
in 1820, at 1,811,400. Births in 1820, 32,376;
out of wedlock 3,089. Deaths 23,532.
Danish foreign possessions. A part of Green
land; Santa Cruz and St. Thomas in the West
Indies ; Tranquebar on the coast of Coroman-
del ; some factories in the Nicobar islands ;
Christiansburg and other small places on the
coast of Guinea.
Towns. The chief towns are Copenhagen,
the capital, Altona, Flensborg, Elsinore, Oden-
see, Sleswick, Kiel, Gluckstadt, Aalborg, Aar
huus, Viborg, and Ripen.
Government. Absolute monarchy.
Revenue. Between £1,500,000 and 2,000,000.
Military Force. About 30,000 men.
Navy. The navy consists of 3 ships of the
line, four frigates, and some smaller vessels ;,
seamen 4,000. — The whole number of seafaring
people is upwards of 40,000.
Religion. Lutheranism is the established reli
gion, with 7 bishops and 2 superintendants; but
other religions are tolerated.
Education. Considerable attention is paid to
education. There are 2 universities, at Copen
hagen and Kiel ; a college at Odensee, and an
academy at Altona.
Language. The language is a dialect of the
Teutonic, but French and High Dutch are spo
ken at court.
Inhabitants. The Danes are tall and robust,
with good features and complexion ; flaxen,
yellow, or red hair, very hospitable.
Face of the country. The continental part
forms a long continued plain, interrupted by
few hills ; watered by no large rivers, but has
numerous rivulets and lakes.
Soil and productions. The soil is generally
sandy, but a large proportion is fertile, produc
ing oats, barley, beans, pease, madder, greaf
quantities of potatoes, some wheat and tobacco :
and much of it is good for grazing.

DEO

494

DER

Climate. The climate is healthy and Uniform
ly temperate, but the atmosphere during a great
part Of the year is humid and cloudy.
Commerce. Denmark is remarkably well sit
uated for trade, and its commerce is consider
able. The exports consist of grain, horses, cat
tle, beef, pork, butter, and cheese. The ship
ping, in 1800, amounted to 250,000 tons.
Denmark, (New,) country, N. A. ; S. of New
'North Wales.
tienn, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 40 E. Zebid.
Lon. 43. 43. E. Lat 14. 15. N.
Dennewitz, v. Pru. Brandenburg ; 2 Juter-
bock. Pop. 130. The Prussians and Swedes
obtained an advantage over the French here,
September 6th, 1813.
Dennis, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass., on Barn
stable bay ; 9 ENE. Barnstable, 76 SE. Boston,
W. 492. Pop. 1,997. It contains three meeting
houses ; 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Quakers. Dennis Creek; p-v. Cape May co. N. J.; W. 208.
Denny's Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main,
near the Musquito shore. Lon. 83. 30. W. Lat.
14. 28. N,
Denny's River, i. Maine, which joins Schoo-
dic river.
Dennysville, p-t. Washington co. Maine. ; 18
W. Eastport, W. 804. Lon. 67. 11. W. Lat. 44.
54. N. Pop. 557.
Denowan Point, cape on W. coast of Minda
nao. Lon. 124. 24. E. Lat. 6. 33. N.
Denrehout, X. Flanders ; 5 S. Alost.
Denschenbu/rg, X. Holstein ; 5 N. Lubeck.
Denschendorf X. Denmark, in the island of
Femern ; 4 W. Borg.
Denseray, X. Hind., Dooab ; 35 NW. Pattiany.
Dente, r. Ger. which runs into the Roer, near
Juliers. Denti, r. on E. coast of Sumatra, which runs
into the sea of Java, Lon. 105. 44. E. Lat. 4.24. S.
Dentila, country, Africa, between the Gam
bia and Faleme rivers, S. of Bondou. Lon. 10.
to II. 30. W. Lat. 11. 30. to 13. N.
Denton, p-t. fa cap. Caroline co. Md., on the
•Choptank ; 37 SSW. Chester, W. 85. It is a
small town, regularly laid out, and contains a
bank. Denton, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 5 SE. Man
chester. Pop. 1,594.
Dentrecasteaux, harbour and strait, on S. side
of Van Diemah's Land.
Denlshal, see Donshal.
Dentzheim, t. Fru. Treves ; 10 NE. Treves.
Denutar, t. Egypt, on the Nile; 8 NE. Sha-
bur, 62 NNW. Cairo.
Denzlingen, X. Baden ; 6 N. Freyburg. Pop.
1,030. Deodhur, t. Hind., on NW. frontier of Guze
rat, 175 Moorshedabad. Lon. 88. 32. E. Lat.
26. 59. N. H. about 1,000. It is surrounded by
a wall and ditch, and has a citadel.
Deogur, X. Hind., in Berar, formerly a capital
city and residence of a rajah ; 55 NNW. Nag
pour, 75 NE. Ellichpour. Lon. 79. 12. E. Lat.
21. 64. N.
Deogur, X. Hind., in Agra ; 20 S. Gohud.
Deogur, the Mansion ofthe Gods, the name of
several hill forts, Hind., the one best known is
in Bahar, on the road leading from Saugor at the

mouth ofthe Ganges, to Gyah. Lon. 86. 40. E.
Lat. 24. 30. N.
Deogur, X. Hind., in Bahar; 72 SE. Bahar.
Deogur, X. Bengal ; 33 SE. Ghidore, 48 NW.
Nagore. Lon. 86. 49. E. Lat. 24. 30. N.
Deolah, t. Bahar; 20 N. Durbungah.
Deolary, X. Almora ; 10 W. Rampour.
Deals, or Bourg-Dieu, see Bourg-Dieu.
Deong, r. Guinea, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 11. 30. W. Lat, 7. 25. N.
Deongen, X. Persia, in Segeslan ; 33 SW. Kin.
Deonhally, X. & fort, Hind,, in Mysore ; 19
NNE. Bangalore. Lon. 77. 54. E. Lat. 13. 15. N.
Deonnelly, X. Hind., in the Mysore country,
the native place of Hyder Ali ; 19 NNE. Ban
galore. Deony, t. Hind., Visiapour ; 25 N. Anamsagur.
Deopour, X. Bengal ; 27 SSE. Curruckdeah,
Lon. 86. 21. E. Lat. 24. 4. N.
Deorbedga, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 16 N.
Dumdah. Deorcodra, X. Golconda ; 35 SE. Hydrabad.
Deorsagur, X. Golconda ; 20 WSW. Rachore.
Deotan,X. Baglana; 15 E. Bahbelgong.
Deoto Roto, one of the small Soolo islands,
Lon. 120. 4. E. Lat. 5. 57. N.
Depa, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 18 S. Midnapour.
Depatla, X. Mysore ; 25 NW. Dalmachery.
Deoury, X. Hind., in Bahar; 38 SW. Bahar.
Deport, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees, on the
Gave, opposite Orthes.
Depaty, rock, near S. coast of the island of
Copland, in N. channel of the Irish sea.
De Peyster's Islands, small isls. in the Pacific
ocean, discovered May 1819. Lon. 181. 43. W.
Lat. 8. 5. S.
Depignano, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 3
SSW. Cosenza.
Deposit, p-v. in Tompkins, N. Y., on the De
laware ; 14 SE. Oquago, W. 361. This village
has considerable trade in lumber.
Deppen, v. W: Prussia ; 15 SW. Guttstadt.
Depps, X. Bavaria ; 5 NNE. Bayreuth.
Deptford, X. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 3,282.
Dtplford, X. Eng., on the Thames, partly in
Kent, and partly in Surrey ; 4E. London. Pop.
19,833. It was generally known in ancient
records by the name of Deptford Stroud, alias
West Greenwich. It is now a large and popu
lous town, though it has no market, and is di
vided into Upper and Lower Deptford.
The greatest support and consequence of
Deptford arises from its royal dockyard, with
its fine wet docks, and numerous buildings for
the manufacture and preservation of naval
stores. The space occupied by the whole is
not less than 31 acres. Besides the national
docks, there are several others belonging to
ship-builders for merchants' vessels*. At Dept
ford is the society ofthe Trinity House, found
ed 1515, by sir Thomas Spert, for the regula
tion of seaman, and the convenience of ships
and mariners on the coast. There are annually
relieved by this company about 3,000 poor sea
men, their widows, and orphans, at the expense
of £6,000.
Depuch's Island, isl. on NW. coast of New
Holland, 4 or 5 miles long, the whole of volca
nic appearance. Lon. 113. 47. E. Lat. 20. 35 N
Der, t. Egypt; 11 S. Siut

DER

495

DER

Der Maklub, X. Curdistan ; 40 SW. Erbil.
Deraii, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 60 NNW. Ja-
Biama. Derazina, t. Volhynia ; 28 NE. Lucko.
Derbak, r. Persia, which runs into the Cas
pian sea, a little N. Derbend.
Derbamont, X. France, in Vosges; 10 NW.
Epinal. Derbane, r. Louisiana, which flows ESE. and
joins the Ouachitta, Lat. 32. 37. N. It is navi
gable for large boats 30 or 40 miles.
Derbane Lake, lake, Louisiana. Lon. 93. 3.
W. Lat. 32. 2. N.
Derbane River, r. Mississippi, which runs into
the bay of Pines, Lon. 88. 19. W. Lat. 30. 22. N.
Derbe, X. Piedmont ; 10 W. Aosta.
Derbe, now Alah-Dag.
Derbend, or Derbent, X. Persia, in Schirvan,
capital of a principality, belonging since 1806,
to Russia, on W. coast of the Caspian sea.
Lon. 48. 58. E. Lat 41. 62. N. Pop. about
4,000. H. 650. It has a veiy bad harbour with
but little commerce. This place is divided into
three quarters, appropriated to different pur
poses, each having their distinct walls, which
serve also to render the ground more equal on
the declivity. The upper town, which is about
half a mile square, constitutes the citadel, and
is incomparably the strongest, The walls of the
middle town are above 30 feet high, near 20
feet thick at the foundation, and 12 or 15 in the
upper part, having a breast work of about 3
feet thick, and port-holes at convenient dis
tances, for muskets, or bows and arrows. Great
quantities of saffron are produced in the neigh
bourhood, and there are fine gardens. On S.
side of Derbend are many vineyards and gar
dens, which are continued for 8 miles P.
Derbend, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 20 N,
Adrianople. Derbend Capi, i. e., the Iron Gates, narrow
pass, in the mountains of Bulgaria, between
Nissa and Filippopoli.
Derbenil, X. Abascia, on the Black sea; 25
SW. Anakopia.
Derbent, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 110 NE. Herat.
Derbent, X: Persia, Chorasan ; 90 S. Abiverd.
Derbent, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 110 S. Abiverd.
Derbesak, X. Syria ; 10 SE. Alexandretta.
Derbeta, X. Jlubia, on the Red sea. Lon. 39.
10. E. Lat. 17. N.
Derbinskoi, Tartarian village, Russia, in Ir
kutsk, on the Lena. Lon. 116. 14. E. Lat. 60
20. N.
Derby, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 65 NNE. Mont
pelier, W. 579. Pop. 925. It lies on E. side of
lake Memphremagog, bordering on Stanstead
in Canada.
Derby, (Indian name Pougasset,) p-t.New Ha
ven co. Ct, on E. side of the Housatonic, 12 m.
above its mouth, and at, the junction of the
Naugatuc ; 9 W. by N. New Haven, 38 SW
Hartford, W. 313. Fop. 2,0S8. The Housatonic
is navigable to this town for vessels of 80 tons,
and the falls of the Naugatuc afford seats for
various mills and manufacturing establishments.
Derby has considerable manufactures, and also
some trade, though less than formerly. The
manufacturing village of Humphreysville is
within the township. See- Humphreysville.

Derby, t Pickaway co- Ohio. Pop. 53(5.
Derby, see Darby.
Derby, p-t. Madison co. Ohio, on Derby
creek ; 20 WNW. Columbus, 56 NW. Chilli
cothe, W. 441.
Derby Creek, r. Ohio. It is a western branch
of the Scioto, and after a course of about 76
miles, joins tbe Scioto, opposite CircleyjJ)e.
Derby, X. Eng., capital of the county to wpich
it gives name, situated on the Derwent ; 126
NNW. London. Lon. 1. 28. W. Lat. 62. 66. N.
Pop. 13,043. It is populous and well b.uttt, and
contains five parish churches, eight meeting
houses for dissenters, 3 alms houses, an excel
lent county infirmary, an armory, and a town
house. It has an extensive manufactures, par
ticularly of silk, cotton, porcelain, and spar j
also of iron, lead pipes, lead shot, white and
red lead, tin plate, fac. Derbyshire spar and
marble are manufactured into agreat variety pf
forms both for use and ornament. It sends-
2 members to parliament, has a weekly market,
and 7 annual fairs. — Natives, Richardson, Flam-
stead, and Wright.
Derby, (West,) X. Eng., Lancashire; 3 NNE.
Liverpool. Pop. 3,698.
Derby Haven, s-p. Isle of Man, with a custom.
house ; 2 E, Castletown.
Derbyshire, co. Eng., bounded NW. by Che
shire, N. by Yorkshire, E. by the counties of
Nottingham and Leicester, S. by the counties
of Leicester, and Stafford, and W. by the coun^
ty of Stafford ; about 56 miles in length from
N. to S., and from 18 to 33 broad ; containing
772 sq. m. 662,080 acres ; 500,000 acres of ara
ble or pasture lands. Pop. 185,487. FamiMes-
37,460 ; 14,283 engaged in agriculture ; 15,625
in trade and manufactures, 7,352 otherwise.
Towards the NW. it is very mountainous, anel
that part is called the High Peak. The east and
southern parts are called the Low Peak, and
are more level and fertile. A large part of the
soil is barren, and produces but little corn.
Among the principal productions are cattle,
sheep, cheese, and camomile. Its mineral pro
ductions are very valuable, consisting of lead,
iron, coal, lime, spar, mill stones, fac. Among
the mineral springs are Buxton, Matlock, arid
Keddlestone. In the eounty are many remark
able chasms and caves, as Poole's Hole, Elden
Hole, and Peak Cavern.
Dereham, (East,) or Market Dereham, X. Eng.,
in Norfolk, with a market of Friday ; 16 W.
Norwich, 100 NNE. London. Lon. 0. 65. E.
Lat. 52. 40. N. Pop. 2,888. Another place call
ed West Dereham. Pop. 449.
Dereia, X. Syria ; 6 S. Damascus.
Derenburg, X. Pru. in Magdeburg ; 6 WSW.
Halberstadt ; 17 E. Goslar. Pop. 2,003.
Derindeh, X. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 56 E. Sivas.
Derenperg, X. Austria ; 3 S. Ebenfurth
Derental, t. France, Lower Seine. Pop. 5,000.
Dereviannoe, t. Russia, in Ustiug, on the Vit-
chegda ; 76 E. Ust Sisolsk.
Dereviannoe, X. Russia, in Olonetz, on W.
coast of lake Olonetz ; 12 S. Petrovadsk.
Derewnia, X. Rus. Grodno ; 42 ENE. Novo
grodek. Derg, r. Ireland, which runs from Lough
Derg to the river Foyle, 8 E. Donegal.

DER

496

DES

Dergah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 3 N. Bahraitch.
Dergasp, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 40 SW. Bost,
110 E. Zareng. Lon. 63. 48." E. Lat. 32. 5. N.
Dergong, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 30 S. Chatter
pour. Detgues, (Les,) X. France, in Aveiron ; 15 S.
Rhodez. Derhaliah, X. Syria ; 20 S. Damascus.
Deriabad, X. Hind., in Oude ; 35 E. Lucknow.
Lon. 81. 53. E. Lat. 26. 53. N.
Deriabi, one of the islands called Kartan, at
the entrance of the gulf of Curia Muria. Lon.
55. 55. E. Lat. 17. 35. N.
Deriase Nemet, lake, Persia, in Farsistan ;
10 SE. Shiras.
Derig, small isl. near W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8. 24. W. Lat. 24. 55. N.
Derkian, X. Natolia ; 36 E. Amasreh.
Derkul, r. Russia, which runs into the Do
netz, 36 S. Bielovodsk.
Derkus, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the
Black sea ; 27 NW. Constantinople.
Dermbach, or Termbach, X. Weimar, in Eise
nach ; 16 W. Smalkalden, 22 ENE. Fulda.
Pop. 1,249. It contains 2 churches.
Dermon, X. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,379.
Derne,- or Derna, (an. Darnis,) X, Africa, and
capital of Barca, near the, coast ofthe Mediter
ranean, the residence of a sangiac. Lon. 22.
10. E. Lat. 32. 48. N. It is said to have been
built by the Moors, when driven out of Spain.
This town was taken by Gen. Eaton, in 1805.
Dernie, t.' Grand Bukharia ; 25 N. Vashgherd.
Dernis, or Demisch, X. h fortress, Dalmatia,
situated on a mountain, near the river Kerka;
18 N. Sebenico.
Derate, X. Egypt, in an island formed by the
canal between Cairo and Rosetta. Lon. 31. 44.
E. Lat. 30. 40. N.
Derpez, t. Persia, in Laristan ; 60 NE. Lar.
Derpt, see Dorpat.
Derra, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 46 SE. Loheia.
Derramgunge, X. Bengal ; 52 SSE. Dacca.
Derreira, X. Nubia, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 30 NE. Gherri.
Derri, X. Nubia on the Nile ; 105 S. Syene.
Lon. 32. 24. E. Lat. 22. 14. N.
Derriabad, t. Oude ; 10 S. Mahomdy.
Derriapour, t. Bahar ; 25 ENE. Bahar.
Derrounah, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 30 Tershiz.
Derrik, X. Persia, in Ghilan ; 130 NW. Reshd.
Derry, X. Dauphin co. Pa., on side of the Sus
quehanna, at the mouth of the Swatara. Pop.
2,256. There is a remarkable cave in this town,
20 feet wide, and 9 high, containing many pet
rifactions. Derry, X. Mifflin co. Pa., on the Juniatta, W.
of Lewistown. Pop. 1,551.
Derry, X. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,66.2.
Derry, X. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 2,301.
Derry, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 902.
Derry, see Londonderry.
Derry, or Dory, or Dcfry, r. N. Wales, which
runs into the Avon, near Dolgelly.
Derry, X. Guzerat ; 48 NNE. Chitpour.
Derryfield, see Manchester.
Dersau, see Dirschau.
Dersena, t. Persia, in Segestan, 228 SSW. Za
reng. Derlal, x. Persia, in Segestan ; 30 W. Dergasp,

Dertensk, t. Persia, Irak ; 90 W. Kermansha.
Dertingen, X. Wurt, district of Maulbronn.
Pop. 1,612.
Dertona, now Tortona.
Derval, X. France, in Lower-Loire ; 12 W."
Ch&teau-Briant Pop. 1 ,553. Here was a castle
which belonged to Sir Robert Knolles, an Eng
lishman, in the service of Edward III.
Denes, X. Persia, Kerman ; 110 E. Arokhage.
Dervio, X. Italy, on E. coast of the lake of
Como ; 18 NNE. Como.
Derville, v Scot, in Forfar. Pop. 400.
De Ruyter, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. ; 34 SW.
Utica, 130 W. Albany, W. 365. Pop. 1,214.
Derwara,t. Hind., Guzerat; 25 S. ChitpOur.
Derwent, r. Eng., in Cumberland, which rises
about 6 S. Keswick, and runs into the Irish sea,
near Workington.
Derwent, r. Eng., which runs into the Ouse,
5 SE. Selby, in Yorkshire.
Derwent, r. Eng., which rises in Northumber
land, and enters the Tyne, about 3 miles above
Newcastle. Derwent, r. Eng., which rises iii N. part of the
county of Derby, and, passingthrough the coun
ty, joins the Trent, 8 ESE! Derby.
Derwent Fells, mt. Eng., celebrated for its
mines of black lead, a little S. Keswick.
Derwent Water, lake, Eng., in Cumberland,
formed by the river Derwent, about 4 miles
long, and rather more than 1 wide, with several
small islands, one of which is called Derwent.
The N. part of this lake is very near Keswick.
Derwent, r. Van Diemen's Land, which flows
into Sullivan's Cove on S. side of the island.
Derwent, harbour, New Holland, in the settle
ment of Botany Bay. It has a road-stead 48
miles in length completely land-locked, from 2
to 8 miles wide, affording the best anchorage.
Desaguadero, (San Pedrodel,) settlement, Bu
enos Ayres, in Parages, on lake Titicaca.
Desaguadero, or St. Juan, r. Guatimala, which
runs from the lake of Nicaragua into the Span
ish Main, Lon. 82. 50. W. Lat. 10. 18. N.
Desaguadero, settlement and seat of the silver
mines, Peru, in Chucuito.
Desaguadero, t. Chili ; 300 E. Valdivia. Lon.
67. 30. Lat. 40. 5. N.
Desaguero, or Colorado, r. S. A., which is
formed from a' number of streams»that rise from
the Andes of Cuyo, and after a course generally
SE. of nearly 1,000 miles flows into the Atlan
tic, Lat 39. 45. S.
Desaigne, t. France, in Ardeche ; 16 N. Pri
vas. Pop. 3,440.
Desana, X. Piedmont ; 5 SW. Vercelli,
Desburrah, X. Guzerat ; 25 W. Baroach.
Descabazado, mt. S. A., in Chili. Lat. 35. S.
Its height is estimated at more than 20,000 feet.
On its summit there is a plain 6 miles" square,
having in the middle a deep lake.
Deschel, X. Brabant ; 13 S. Herentals.
Deschkin, X. Russia, in Orel ; 24 N. Orel, 484
SSE. Petersburg. Pop. 460.
Deschnay, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 21
ENE. Konigingratz.
Deschno, X. Bohemia, Boleslaw ; 4 W. Aycha.
Desconorida Point, on the coast of Yucatan,
between the river Arines and the point Piedra.
Deseada, or Desirada, or Desiderada, the first

UiSS

497

BET

-of the Caribbee islands, discovered by Colum
bus in the year 1494; belonging to France,
about 10 miles long,. and hardly 5 broad. The
soil is in some places (black and good, in others
sandy and unproductive ; 16 E- Guadaloupe.
Ion. 61. 16. W. Lat. 16. 30. N. Pop. about
1,000. i)eseaden,t.Persia,in Segestan ; 75 NW.Zareng.
Deseado, a convenient port on the coast of
Patagonia, in the sea of Magellan. Lat. 47. 38. S.
Desecho, small island near the W. coast of,
Porto Rico.
Desen, t. Greece, Magnesia ; 2 S. Agia. H. 160.
Desenik, X. Hungary ; 10 S. Levens.
Desenzano, or Dissenzano, X, Italy, in Brescia,
celebrated for its wine ; 15 E.Brescia. Lon. 10. \
35. E. Lat. 45. 29. N. Fop. 3,400.
Desertines, t. France, in Mayenne ; 12 W.
Mayenne. i
Z)es/ord,par.,Eng.,LeicesteTBhire,6 Leicester. j
Deshak, t. Persia, in Segestan.
Desima, small island of Japan; originally
made by art, in 1635, to confine the Portuguese.
It is of ail oblong form, and joined to the city
of Nangasaki by a stone bridge, with a wooden
draw-bridge at the end : where the bridge joins
the«ity, there is a strong carps de garde, posted
night and day. It is not, in its greatest extent,
above 240 paces in length, and not more than
80 broad ; there is a street across it with houses,
or rather huts, on both sides.
Desine, X. Arabia, Oman ; 240 SW. Mascat.
Desise, t. France, in SaOne-and-Loire ; 15 E.
Autun. Desmalandan, small island, in the Indian sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 1 1. 45. S.
Desna, r. Russia," which runs into the Dnieper,
near Kiev.
Desoja, X. Spain, Navarre ; 10 SW. Estella.
Desolation Island, see Kerguelen's Land.
Despair, (Island of) small isl. in the straits
of Magellan, near Cape Quod.
Despensa, t. Guatimala, Costa Rica, on N. coast
of Salinas Bay ; 10 S. Nicoya.
Dcsplanes, see Plein.
Dessau, (an. Dessavia,) city, Ger., and capital
of Anhalt Dessau, on the Muldau, near its union
with the Elbe ; 28 SE. Magdeburg ; 48 SW.
Potsdam. Lon. 12. 18. E. Lat 51.60. N. Pop.
9,420. It ii divided into Old and New Town,
has 3 fauxbourgs, and was surrounded with
walls in 1341, by Prince Leopold. There are 2
churches for Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for
Catholics, a synagogue, a gymnasium, a hospi
tal, and an orphan-house ; with manufactures of
cloth, stockings, and hats. It is the residence of
the duke Anhait Dessau, is a well built town,
and has pleasant environs. — Moses Mendelsohn
was born bere about 1730.
Dessel, small river of the county of Mark,
which runs into the Ose.
Dessenoar, X. Hind., Oude ; 23 S. Fyzabad.
Dessoubre, r. France, which runs into the
Doubs, at St. Hypolite.
D' Easting's Bay, bay on W. coast of Saghalien.
Lon. 142. 52. E. Lat. 48. 59. N.
Dcstaktubde, t. Russia, in Irkutsk; 48 W.
Yakutsk. Deslierro, settlement, Amazonia, on the Ama
zon, near the mouth of the-Furup.
Vol. I. 63

Destruction Island, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean,
near W. coast of America, about 3 miles in
circuit, low, and nearly flat at the top, with a
barren aspect. Lon. 235. 49. E. Lat. 47. 37. N.
I>estien<Mroda,see Dog Island.
Desunney, r. Wales, in Merioneth, which runs
into the Irish sea, 5 SE. Surnabugh point.
Desvres, or Desurenes, t. France, Straifs-of-
Calais ; 9 SE. Boulogne, 16 WSW. St. Omer.
Pop. 2,109.
Deswarte, r. Brabant, which runs into the
Demer, near Diest.
Detern, X. Hanover, in East Friesland ; 1 S.
Stickhausen. Pop. 813. ,
Detmold, X. Ger., capital of the principality of
Lippe-Detmold, 24 NNE. Lippstadt, 25 SSW.
Minden. Lon. 8. 45 E. Lat. 54. 53. N. Pop.
2,369. H. 325. It is a well built town, the seat
ofthe prince, and contains a gymnasium, 1 Lu
theran and 2 Calvinist churches. It is situated
on the small river Werre, near the mountain of
Teutberg. Detroit, r. N. America, which runs from lake
St. Clair to lake Erie ; its course is nearly S.
with a gentle current and depth of water for the
navigation of large vessels ; the banks are cov
ered with settlements, and the country is ex
ceedingly fertile. Near the banks of the river
are many fine orchards of appletrees, peartrees,
and cherrytrees, producing as fine fruit as any
in the United States, and presenting a very
agreeable view as one sails up the river. It is 2T
miles long, and ^ m. wide opposite to Detroit,
enlarging as it descends.
Detroit, city, port of entry, and capital of
Michigan Territory, in Wayne co., On W. side
of the river Detroit, between lakes St. Clair and
Erie, 18 N. ofthe W. end ofthe latter,and 9 S.
of the former ; 300 S. by E. Michilimackinac,
302 W. by S. Buffalo, W. 566. Lon. 82. 58. W.
Lat. 42. 24. N. Pop. in 1810, 770 ; in 1820,
1,422, exclusive of the garrison. It is finely situ
ated, regularly laid out in a square J mile on
on each side, with spacious streets, having an
elevation of about 40 feet above the river, of
which it commands beautiful views. It contains
a council house, a penitentiary, a market house,
a bank, an academy, an arsenal, a government
store house, a magnificent Catholic church of
stone, a Presbyterian church, a lyceum, a bible
society, and several other associations. The
town is defended by fort Shelby ; and the bar
racks adjoining are capable of quartering seve
ral regiments. In 1819, there were 142 dwel
ling houses, and 131 stores, public buildings fac.
Several of the buildings are of brick and stone,
but they are mostly of wood and painted, and
there is a general appearance of taste and neat
ness. It is advantageously situated, and has a
considerable and growing commerce, and is a
place of importance in the fur trade. It has 12
attorneys and 8 physicians. It was wholly de
stroyed by fire in 1805, but the streets have been
since laid out regular and wide, and the town
built in an improved style. The shipping be
longing to this port in 1818, amounted to 849
tons ; the value of exports #69,330 ; imports
k 15,611. — Detroit was settled by the French
from Canada as early as 1683. — In 1818-19 the
average temperature at Detroit was for Nov.

DEU

498

DEV

43°, Dec. 25°, Jan. 30°, Feb. 33° ; in Albany,
N. Y., the same year, Jan. 22°, Feb. 29°.
Dattelbach, X. Bavaria, Lower Maine, on the
Maine ; 9 E. Wurzburg. Pop. 2,132.
Dettelsau, X. Bav. ; 3 N. Windsbach.
Dettendorf t. Bav. ; 5 E. Neustadt.
Dettez, X. France, Saone-and-Loire ; 8 WSW.
Montcenis. Dettingen, v. Bavaria, in Lower Maine, on E.
side of the Maine ; 6 NW. Aschaffenburg, 9 S.
Hanau. Here a battle was fought in 1743 by
the English, under the command of King George
II. in person, and the Earl of Stair, and the,
French under the command of the Duke of
Noailles. Dettengen unlre Urach, X. Wurtemberg, dis
trict Urach. Pop. 2,267.
Dettingen am Schlosberg, X. Wurtemberg, dis
trict of Kirchheim. Pop. 1,911.
Detlor, r. Wales, which runs into the Tivy, in
Cardigan. Deva, X. Transylvania; 10 W. Millenbach.
Pop. 8,800. Here is a valuable copper mine.
Deva, s-p. Spain, in Guipuscoa; 15 W. St.
Sebastian. Lon. 2. 24. W. Lat. 43. 19. N.
Deva, r. Spain, which passes by Mondragon,
Placentia, fac. and runs into the sea, at Deva.
Deva, now Chester, fa Dee.
Deval, X. Ceylon ; 15 SSW. Batacola.
Devalcotty, X. Thibet, on the left bank of the
Ganges ; 10 S. Gangotfi.
Devalcotty, t. Thibet, on the right bank of the
Ganges ; 55 NW. Sirinagur.
Devana, now Aberdeen.
Devaprayaga, t. Hind., in Serinagur, at the
junction of two branches of the Ganges. Lon.
78. 31. E. Lat. 30. 9. N. H.250. Here is a cel
ebrated temple, much visited by pilgrims.
Devave, t. Candahar ; 60 SE. Cabul, 160 E.
Ghizni. Deucar, X. Thibet, capital of a small country
governed by a rajah. Lon. 82. 10. E. Lat. 28.
10. N.
Develi Karahisar, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania;
22 SW. Kaisarea, 110 E. Cogni.
Develto, or Zagoria, t.Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria,
near the Black sea ; 58 NE. Adrianople, 106
NNW. Constantinople. Lon. 27. 22. E. Lat. 42.
24. N. Abp. see.
Devenish, isl. Ireland, situated in Lough Erne,
on which are the ruins of a celebrated monaste
ry ; 3 N. Enniskillen.
Deventer, X. Neth., capital of a district in
Overissel, formerly a free and imperial city, on
the Issel ; 46 E. Amsterdam. Lon. 6.3. E. Lat.
52. 18. N. Pop. 10,088. H. 1,600. It contains 7
chh., and an athanaeum or academy, and has 6
gates, and is surrounded by a wall flanked with
a great number of towers, and defended with
large and deep ditches, filled with the waters of
the Issel. It has manufactures of linen, and con
siderable trade in cattle, butter, and cheese.
Deveril, r. Eng., which runs into the Willy,
near Warminster, Wiltshire.
Deveron, r. Scot, which runs into the Frith
of Murray, at Bamff.
Deveze, t. France, in Gers ; 14 W. Miranda.
Deugh Water, r. Scot, which rises in N. part
of Kirkcudbrightshire, and joins the Ken, ION.
New Galloway.

Deviac, t. France, in Charente ; 15 S. Angou-
lGsmc Deviataia, r. Siberia, which runs into the Ose-
noka, Lon. 149. 34. E. Lat. 62. 25. N.
Devicotta, s-p. fa fort, India, in Tanjore, situ
ated at the mouth' of N. branch of the Cauvery,
in the bay of Bengal ; 20 N. Tranquebar. Lon»
79. 56. E. Lat. 11. 21. N.
Devicza,X. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 48 SSW.
Sandomirz. Devidan, t. Hind., Dindigul ; 17 S. Dindigul.
Devie's Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 79. 42. W. Lat.
32. 53. N.
Devil, (Isle pf) one of the Molucca islands.
Devillan, small isl. near W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9. 59. W. Lat. 54. 5. N.
Devil's Bridge, see Teufel's Bruck,
Devil's Basin, harbour, in N. part of Christmas
sound, on the coast of Terra del Fuego.
Devil's Hole, chasm of rocks, .forming a bay
on E. side of the Niagara, N.Y.; 4 miles below
the falls. It is semicircular, about 1,200 feet in
circumference, and is remarkable for a great
eddy, and a violent commotion of the water.
Devil's Key, small isl. on the Spanish Main,
near the Mosquito shore, surrounded with rocks.
Lon. 82. 35. W. Lat. 14. 5. N.
Devil's Island, see Juro.
Devil's Islands, (Islands de Diable,) duster of
small islands near the coast of Guiana. Lon. 53.
26. W. Lat. 5. 12. N.
Devil's Race, rocks, near S. coast of Jamaica,
off Cullabash bay.
Devin, t. Curdistan ; 10 NE. Van.
Devipatnam, X. Hind., in Marawar ; 10 miles
from Ramanadporum.
Deviryconda, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 35 ESE.
Hydrabad. Devistan, X. Prussia ; 3 N. Allenstein.
Devizes, X. Eng., in Wilts, of great antiquity j
19 E. Bath, 89 W. London. Lon. 1. 59. W.
Lat. 51. 21. N. Pop.3,750. It contains 2 chh.
and a chapel, besides a place of worship for
Dissenters. It was anciently called De Vies,
or The Vies. There are 2 markets weekly, on
Monday and Thursday. The manufactures and
trade of the town are very considerable. De
vizes is a corporation and a borough town, re
turning 2 members to parliament.
Deule,v. France, which runs into the Lys, at
Deulemont. Deulemont, X. France, in North, at the con
flux of the Deule and the Lys ; 6 NW. Lille.
Deulgong, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 34 S. Bur-
hanpour. Devon, r. Scot., which runs into the Forfn^
3 E. Stirling.
Devonshire, co. Eng., bounded N. by the Bris
tol channel,' E. by Somersetshire and Dorset
shire, S. by the English channel, and W. by
Cornwall, from which it is separated almost the
whole extent by the river Tamar ; about 70
miles from N. to S., and about 60 from E. to
W. It is divided info 33 hundreds, which con
tain one city, Exeter, 40 market towns, among
which are Plymouth, Tavistock, Dartmouth,
Tiverton, and Plympton. Sq. m. 2,493. Pop,
383,308. Families, 79,415 ; 33,044 engaged in
agriculture ; 30,977 in trade and manufactures;

DEW

499

DHI

15,394 otherwise. A large portion of the coun
ty is open and uncultivated ; it has however
fertile vales; and the climate is particularly
mild. Deuprag, t. Thibet, at the conflux of the Al-
laknandara and Ganges ; 21 S. Sirinagur, 130
N. Delhi. Lon. 78. 7. E. Lat. 30. 42. N.
Deurah, X. Hind., in Bundelcund; 75 SW.
Allahabad. Dewen, see Dueren.
Deutan, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 25 E. Chandor.
Deulsch-krone, t. W. Prussia, in Marienwer
der, capital of a circle ; 16 ESE. Mark-isch-
Friedlaud. .Fop. 2,370. It has a gymnasium.
Deulschleuten, X. Aust. Silesia, in Teschen ; 12
SE. Ratibor, 15 N. Teschen.
Deutschenoffen, or reudscAeno/en, v. Tyrol ;
8 SE. Bolzano. Here the French were defeat
ed by the Austrians in April 1797.
Deutikem, or Dotekom, X. Holland, in Zut
phen, on the Old Issel ; 4 SE. Doesburg. Pop.
1,351. Deutingen, X. Switz., Berne ; 18 NNE. Berne.
Deux Ponts, ci-devant duchy, Ger., in Upper
Rhine', composed of the ancient county of the
same name and the county of Veldentz ; bound
ed on one side by what were formerly called
Alsace and Lorraine, and on the other by the
electorate of Treves, and the Lower Palatin
ate ; it was much intersected by the possessions
of divers princes. II now forms a part of the
Bavarian circle of the Rhine.
Deux Ponts, (in German Zweybrucken,) city,
Bavaria, capital of a district, in the circle of
the Rhine, formerly capital of a duchy of the
same name, on the Erlbach; 46 W. Manheim,
58 SSW. Mentz. Lon. 7. 25. E. Lat. 49. 16.
N. Pop. 4,976. It has a castle, 1 Lutheran and
2 Calvinist churches, and a gymnasium. Deux
Ponts is well known for its valuable editions of
the Greek and Latin classics, named Bipont from
this town. The establishment for printing them
has been removed to Strasburg.
Dewaert, small island, S. A., in Lat. 56. 21. S.
Dewah, or Gogra, r. Hind., which crosses the
country of Oude, and joins the Ganges, 15 W.
Patna. Length, 700 miles.
Deb-wary, t Bengal ; 43 NW. Ramgur.
Dewalgong, X. Hind., in Aurungabad; 25 SSE.
Jaffierabad. Dewan, t Hind., in Guzerat ; 15 E. Cambay. J
Dewarbazur, t Bengal ; 25 SW. Silhet.
Dewaneole,X, Orissa; 20 NW. Sonepour.
Dewangunge, t. Morung ; 22 SE. Amerpour.
Dewangunge, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 25 ESE.
Goragot Lon. 89. 52. E. Lat. 25. 10. N.
Dewanserai, X, Hind., in Bengal ; 12 N. Moor
shedabad. Dewar, X. Hind., in Bahar; 10 E. Chittra.
Dewarcote, X. Thibet, and capital of a district.
Lon. 78. 3. E. Lat. 30. 58. N.
Dewasghera, t. Hind., in Kitchwara ; 25 W.
Sheergur. Deweysburg, t Caledonia co. Vt. ; 22 ENE.
Montpelier. Pop. 200.
Dewgawry, mt. Hind. ; 22 S. Ruttunpour. _
Dewgur, X. Hind., in Concan ; 31 S. Geriah.
Dewree, X. Hind., in Goondwana ; 90 NNE.
*«agpour. Dewry, t. Hind., in Berar; 12 NNE. Notch-
engong.

Dewryah, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 18 N. Ray-
pour. Dewsar, X. Orissa ; 15 W. Sumbulpour.
Dewsburgh, X. Eng., in the west riding of
Yorkshire ; 5 W. Wakefield. Pop. 6,509.
Dexen,v. E. Prussia, in Konigsberg; 20 SE.
Brandenburg. H. 20. Here is a seminary for
schoolmasters. Dexter, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 125 NE.
Portland, W. 679. Pop. 461.
Dexera,v. S. A., r. in Carthagena, which flows
into the sea, by the side of the river Zinu.
Deydesheim, X. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine ;
14 WNW. Spire. Pop. 1,304.
Deynse, X. Neth., in Flanders, on the Lys ; 9
SE. Ghent Pop. 3,000.
Deyrah, X. N. Hind., in Serinagur, capital of
the lower division of the province, populous,
and well built of stone. Lon. 77. 45. E. Lat.
30. 19. N.
Dezd, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 22 SE. Soria.
Dezaigne, X. France, in Ardesche, on the
Danie K 15 W. Tournon. Pop. 3,440.
Dezana, (La,) isl. in the Pacific ocean, sup
posed to be the same now called Osnaburg
Island. Dezcnsano, X. Aust. Italy, in Milan, on S.
bank of lake Garda ; 15 S. Brescia. Pop. 3,400.
Dezful, or Dezphoul, X. Persia, in Chusistan,
on the Abzal ; 10 N. Jondisabur, 28 W. Fostar.
Pop. about 15,000. Here is an elegant bridge
of 22 arches, 450 paces long, 40 high, and 20
broad. Dezize, X. Egypt, on the Nile, supposed to be
the place where the prophet Jeremiah was bu
ried, near Cairo.
Dezkak, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 1 10 ENE.
Zareng. Dfjesan, X. Arabia, in Yemen, on the coast of
the Red sea ; 22 W. Abu-Arisch.
Dgarota, X. Turkish Armenia, in Cars ; 65
NNE. Cars.
Dgeraseli, (an. Gerasa,) X. Syria, in Damas
cus; 15 NE. lake Genesareth, 40 SSW. Damas
cus. Here are seen magnificent ruins of Gera
sa, as temples, amphitheatres, fac.
Dgiaron, see Jaron.
Dghioun, see Sihon.
Dhahi, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed; 40 NNW. Ja-,
mama. Dhalac, see Dahhlak.
Dhame, see Dahme.
Dhan, see Dalm.
Dhapour, t. Hind., Baglana ; 28 N. Junere.
Dhar, or Dar, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 36 SSW.
Ougein, 42 W. Indore. Lon. 75. 25. E. Lat. 22.
48. N.
Dharmsaleh, t. Thibet; 60 S. Sarangpourj
92 ESE. Giti. Lon. 81. 25. E. Lat. 31. 42. N.
DhatErek,X. Arabia, Hedsjas; 40 ENE. Mecca.
Dhat el Jamin, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 45 N.
Khaibar. Dhelly, Portuguese settlement, on N. cOast
of the island of Timor, where is a populous
town. Lon. 125. 30. E. Lat. 8. 35. S. The
Portuguese and Chinese carry on considerable
trade here. The exports consist of sandal
wood, birds' nests, wax, fac.
Z>Ai Almona, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas; 25 S.
Vadiklora.

DIA

500

DIB

DM Sohdin; t. Arabia, Hedsjas J 60 N. Niab.
Dhonee, c. Thibet, which runs into the Bur-
rampooter, at Luekeigereh.
Dhoolpour, X. Hind., in Agra,, on the Chum-
bul ; 32 S. Agra, 78 E. Rantampour. Lon. 78.
24. E. Lat. 26. 48. N. It is a considerable town.
Dhoopour, t. Hind., in Kotta ; 15 S. Kotta.
Dhore, X. Gorcah ; 40 WNW. Gorcah. Lon.
83.45. E. Lat. 28. 28. N.
Dhul, lake, Cachemire ; 5 NE. Cachemire.
Dhuna, X Candahar ; 8 E: Candahar.
Diable Isles, see Devil's Islands.
Diachcr, X Persia, Mazanderan ; 24W. Zaweh.
Diacovar, or Diakovar, t. Sclavonia;. 14 SW.
Eszek, Pop. 3,000, Bp. see.
Diadin, or Diadem, (an. Doludfrjana,) X. Turk
ish Armenia ; 72 SSW. Erivan, 140 ESE. Er
zerum. H. 600. It is situated on the eastern
Euphrates. Near the town is a large monastery
of Armenians.
Diaferi, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 235 N.Herat.
Diagunge, X. Bengal; 25 W. Dacca.
Diala, (an. Delas,). r. Curdistan, Which rises
a few miles N. Sherezur, and runs into the Ti
gris, 10 below Bagdad.
Djam, t. Persia, in Chorasan ; 80 SE. Mes-
chid, 100 N. Herat.
Diamant, (Le,) t. Martinico, on S. coast.
Lon. 60. 24. W. Lat. 14. 26. N.
Diamante, small isl. close to SW. coast of
Martinico. Diamante, X. Chili ; 120 ENE. La Conception.
Lon. 71. W. Lat. 36. 5. S.
Diamante, one of the smaller Philippine isl
ands^. Samar. Lon. 124.10. E. Lat. 12.18. N.
Diamintz, see Dunamund.
Diamond, small isl., West-Indies, near SW.
coast of Martinico ; 2 S. Cape Diamond.
Diamond, small isl. in the bay of Bengal,
near SW. coast of Ava. Lon. 94. 30. E. Lat.
15. 50. N.
Diamond Harbour, harbour on the Hoogly,
35 miles in a right line below Calcutta, but
much farther by the windings ofthe river. The
-village is poor, consisting of thatched houses,
and a few petty shops ; and the place is un
healthy. The company's ships generally un
load here, and take in a part of their homeward
bound cargoes.
Diamond Point, cape on N. coast of Sumatra,
in the strait of Malacca. Lon. 97. 52. E. Lat.
5. 0. N.
Diamond River, r. N. H., which runs into the
MargaHaway. Diamond River, r. Sumatra, which runs into
the straitsof Malacca, Lon. 97.41. E. Lat.4.36.N.
Diamond Rock, rock in the Atlantic, near the
African shore, E. of Prince's island. Lon. 7.
40. E. Lat. 1. 55. N,
Diamper, or Udeamper, X. India, in Cochin,
said to be inhabited by Christians of St. Thom
as ; 15 W. Cochin. Lon. 76.21. E. Lat. 9.57. N.
.Dion Make, X. Madagascar ; 100 N. Carembole.
Dian Raholl, X. Madagascar ; 110 NNE Ca
rembole, Dian Raval, X. Madagascar; 60 NNE. Ca
rembole. Diana's Bank, or Diana's Shoal, small islet,
in the Indian sea, scarcely above the level of
the water, and only visible from the mast head

at 6 miles distance. Lon. 151.5.E. Lat. 15.45.S,
Dianga, X. Bengal; 10 N. Chittigong. ¦>•.
Djdnik, t. A. Turkey, in SiVas ; 16. Wi Sam-
soun, 48 NNW. Amasreh.
Dianium, now Denia.
Diano, t> Naples, in Principato Citta; 18
NNW. Polifeastro. Ftp. 4,176.
Diano, t. Genoa, about 2 miles from the sea,
and 2 from Oneglia.
Diapoli, small isl. in the Grecian Archipela
go, near the coast of Macedonia. Lbn. 23. 94.
E Lat. 40. 10, N.
Die*, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 190- NNE. Herat.
Diar Frimgi, part of mount Sinai, So called
because they say it was formerly the resort of
the Franks.
Diarbekir, pachatic, A. Turkey; including a
part of ancient Mesopotamia and Armenia,
bounded N. by Armenia, E. by Kurdistan, S.
by Bagdad and Ourfa, and W. by Marasch. Sq.
m. stated from 22 to 36,000. Pop. estimated at
800,000. It is situated mostly between the ri
vers Euphrates and Tigris, and about their
sources. It is very mountainous, interspersed
with narrow and fertile valleys, and abound*
with the most romantic scenery. It formerly
comprehended the paebalics of Bagdad and:
Curdistan. Diarbekir, or Kara Amid, (an. Amida,) city,
A. Turkey, capital of the pachalic of Diarbe
kir, on W. bank of the Tigris; 80 NE. Ourfa,
160 NE. Aleppo. Lon. 39. 52. E. Lat. 37. 55.
N. Pop. stated by Kinnier at 38,000; Gar-
danne, 80,000; Hassel, 100^000. H. 8,000. It
is encompassed by a lofty thick wall of black
stone, the admiration of all who behold it. It
is fortified by 72 towers, but the whole is now
in a neglected and ruinous state. The town is
also surrounded by a ditch, and has a strong
castle. The streets are paved, but narrow and
dirty ; the houses built of hewn stone, present
ing a handsome appearance. There are sever
al fine bazars, well stored with rich merchan
dize ; the trade is extensive ; considerable ex
ports are sent to Bagdad and Constantinople.
Extensive manufactures are carried on here in
iron, copper, silk, wool, cotton, and leather.
The inhabitants are mostly Turks ; but there are
also Armenians, Curds, Catholics, and Jacob
ites. The men are distinguished for their
courtesy and affability, and the women enjoy
an extraordinary degree of liberty. The sur
rounding territory is exceedingly fertile, and
the height of the walls and towers, and the
minarets of the mosques, combined with the
windings of the Tigriss and the elevation of the
neighbouring mountains, exhibit extraordinary
grandeur. DjOshenkir, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 6
NW. Kif-shehr.
Diast, X. Egypt ; 3 N. MansOra.
Diavolo, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago.
Lon. 23. 12. E. Lat 37. 27. N.
Dibbie, lake, Africa, formed by the expansion
of the waters of the Niger ; of an irregular form,
and about 15 miles in circumference ; nearly
in the meridian of Greenwich. Lat 14. 30. N.
Dibbong, X. Africa, Kaafta ; 35 E. Kemmoo.
Dibdonda, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 20 ENE,
Oudighir.

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691

DIE

Dibe, oiPeschiera, t. Egypt, on the coast of
the Mediterranean ; 18 SE. Damietta.
DM, t. Egypt, on W. side of the Nile ; 8 SE.
Rosetta. Dibio, now Dijon.
Dibru, (an. Deborus, fa Uscana,) X. En. Tur
key, in Macedonia, on the confines of Albania;
30 N. Akrida.
Dicalaya, X. on E. side of Lucon, in Caiguran
bay. Lon. 122. 15. E. Lat. 17. 6. N.
Dichme, r. Brandenburg, which runs into the
Jetze, near Salzwedel.
Dick Sand, small island in the North sea,
near the coast of Denmark. Lon. 8. 61. E.
Lat. 54. 6. N.
Dickinson, t. Franklin co. N. Y. ; 12 W. Ma-
lone, 230 N. Albany. Pop. 495.
Dickinson, X. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,007.
Dickinsonville, p-v. Powhatan co.Va. ; W. 163.
Dickinson College, see Carlisle.
Dicks, r. Kentucky, which runs into the Ken
tucky, Lon. 84.56. W. Lat. 37. 40. N. Length,
50 miles.
Dickscove, v. Africa, on the Gold coast, situ
ated on a small creek, which admits only boats.
Lon. 2. 45. W. Lat. 4. 56. N.
Dickson, co. West Tennessee, on W. side of
the Cumberland. Pop. in 1810, 4,516 ; slaves,
980. Pop. in 1820, 6,190. Chief town, Charlotte.
Dicksville, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. ; 98 Ra
leigh, W. 337.
Dickvel, X. Ceylon, near S. coast; 102 S.
Candy. Lon. 80. 55. E. Lat. 5. 58. N.
Dickwasset, or Digdeguash, r. New-Brunswick,
which flows into Passamaquoddy bay.
Dicomano, t. Tuscany ; 15 NE. Florence.
Didamnum, or Didynna, see Magnes.
Dictum, now Ambleside.
Didam, X. Neth., in Guelderland; 4S. Does-
burg. Pop. 2,034.
Diden, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 20 N. Mastih.
Didwana, t. Hind., in Agimere ; 30 NE. Na-
gore; 51 N. Agimere. Lon. 75, 16. E. Lat.
27. 27. N.
Didyme, now Salina.
Die, t. France, principal place of a district,
in Drdme, on the Drome ; before the revolution
the see of a bishop ; 30 N. Montelimart. Lon.
5. 27. E. Lat. 44. 46. N. Pop. 3,968.
Diebach, t. Neth., in Luxemburg ; 4 WSW.
Luxemburg. Djebail, (an. Biblos, or Boublos,) X. Syria, on
an eminence, near the sea ; 2 N. of the river
Ibrahim, about 20 S. Tripoli. Pop. 6,000. It
had formerly a harbour.
Dieber, t. Prussia, in Oberland ; 8 S. Holland.
Dieburg, X. Ger., in Hesse, in Starkenburg;
24 ESE. Mentz. Pop. 2,245.
Diecsin, see Tetschen.
Djedda, see Jidda.
Dieditz, X. Moravia, in Brunn. Pop. 1,258.
Diego de Alvarez, small isl. in the Atlantic.
Lon. 10. W. Lat. 38. 53. S.
Diego Garcias, or Chagas, small island off the
coast of Africa, in the Indian sea. Lon. 72. 10.
E. Lat 7. 25. S.
Diego it Ramires, isl. near tlie coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 68. 39. W. Lat. 56. 28. S.
Diego Ruys, or Rodriguez, isl. in the Indian
ocean ; 300E. Mauritius. Lon. 63- 10. E. Lat.

19. 30. 5. ft ii about 26 miles long and 1&
broad, possessing a mild climate. The country
is mountainous, and in many places full of rocks
and large stones, which cover the surface,
though there are others in which the soil is ex
cellent, and calculated to produce fruit-trees
and vegetables of every kind. The whole isl
and abounds with mountains, woods, and rocks.
Diego Sowez, isl. in the Indian sea, nearE.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 50. 20. E. Lat. 12.
12. S.
Diekinh, t. Neth., in Luxemburg, capital of
a district, on the Sarnie; 16 N. Luxemburg.
Lon. 6. 20. E, Lat. 60. 5. N. Pop. 1,290.
Diet, X. Prussia ; 8 S. Osterrod.
Diele, r. Moldavia, which runs into the Pruth,
near Czezora.
Dielette, r. France, which runs into the Eng
lish channel, 15 WSW. Cherburg.
Diemen, X. Holland ; 4 SE. Amsterdam. Fop.
800. Diemen, (Lille,) one of the Faroe islands, in
the North sea ; 8 S. Sandoe.
Diemen, (Store,) one of the Faroe islands ; 6
S. Sandoe.
Diemens, see Van Diemens.
Diemen, (Strait of) narrow sea, between the
coast of Asia and the islands of Japan.
Diemtingen; X. Switz., in Berne ; 22 S. Berne.
Dienbach, X. Bavaria ; 3 SE. Volckach.
Dienne, t. France, in Cantal ; 12 N. St Flour.
Dienville, t France, in Aube ; 9 NW. Bar-
sur-Aube. Pop. 1,200.
Ditp Bay, bay on the island of St. Christo
pher, near Diep Bay Town.
Diep Bay Town, t. on N. coast of the island
of St. Christopher. Lon. 62. 43. W. Lat. 17.
30.N. Diepenboeck, t. Neth., in Limburg, on the De
nier. Pop. 2,123.
Diepenau, X. Hanover, in Hoya; 21 SSW.
Hoya. Pop. 413.
Diepenheim, X. Neth., in Overissel; 20 E.
Deventer. Pop. 504.
Diepholz, pr. Hanover, bounded N. by Hoya,
E. by Minden, S. by Osnabruck, and W. by
Munster; about 8 leagues in length, and 4 in
breadth ; full of briers, small underwood, and
morasses ; the cleared country will hardly, to
the utmost exertion of labour, yield six for one.
It contains four towns, 2,117 H. 255 Sq. m.
Pop. 15,551. The inhabitants are Lutherans.
Diepholz, X. Hanover, capital of a country to
which it gives name, on the Hunte ; 30 SSW.
Bremen. Lon. 8. 21. E. Lat. 52. 36. N. Pop.
1,544. The inhabitants carry on a manufacture
of coarse woollen cloth.
Dieppe, s-p. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Lower-Seine ; 29 N. Rouen. Lon. 1.
5. E. Lat. 49. 56. N. Pop. 20,000. H. 3,000.
It is situated between two rocky mountains, at
the mouth of the river Bethune, in the English
channel, with a good harbour, but narrow ; ca
pable of containing only about 200 vessels, of
not above 400 tons burthen, with about 18 feet
at high water. The streets are tolerably regu
lar, and the houses well built, particularly High
street, which is nearly a mile long. In time of
peace, regular packet boats pass between Di
eppe and Brighton, 66 miles distant. The sur~

DIE

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DU

rounding country is very productive. — Native,
Bruzen de la Martinere.
Dieppe, (Little,) see Tabodagon.
Dierdorf X. Pru. Lower-Rhine, in Coblentz,
on the Wiedbach, with a castle ; 8 NNE. Cob
lentz. Lon. 7. 43. E. Lat. 50.33. N. Pop. 1,168.
Diernbach, X. Austria ; 1 1 S. Steyr.
Diernberg, X. Stiria ; 6 N. Nitterfeldt
Diernpach, X. Austria ; 5 E. Miessau.
Diersburg, X. Baden ; 5 S. Offenburg. Pop. 800.
Diernstein, or Tyrnstein, X. Austria, near the
Danube ; 36 W. Vienna. Lon. 15. 33. E. Lat
48. 27. N. Near it is a castle in which Richard
I. king of England, was imprisoned by order of
Leopold, duke of Austria. In October, 1805,
a battle was fought here between the united
forces of Russia and Austria, and the French,
in wbich the latter were defeated.
Dierslieim, v. Baden, near the Rhine; 5 N.
Kehl. Pop. 700.
Diesdorf see Dissdorf.
. Diesen, X. Bavaria, in Isar, on the Ammer
see ; 8 S. Landsberg. Pop. 998.
Diesenliofen, t Switz., in Thurgau, on the
Rhine, with a castle; 58 Schaffhausen. P.2,400.
Diessenslein, X. Bavaria ; 12 N. Passau.
Diest, X. Neth., in S. Brabant, on the river
Demer; 12 NE. Louvain, 22 W. Maestricht
Lon. 5. 4. E. Lat. 50. 58. N. Pop. 5,653. H.
1,000. It had formerly extensive woollen ma
nufactures, but is now noted chiefly for its beer.
Dietendorf, v. Gotha, on the Appelstadt.
Pop. 240.
Dietenheim, Wurtemberg, on the liter; 9 SE.
Ulm. Pop. 1,700.
Dietenhofen, X. Bav. ; 6 S. Markt Erlbach.
Dieterslorff, t. Austria ; 4 SSW. Tulln.
Dietfurth, X. Bavaria, on the Altmuhl ; 19 W.
Ratisbon. Lon.ll.33.E. Lat.48.59.N. Pop. 800.
Dietikon, X. Switz., in Zurich, near the Lim
mat ; 8 NW. Zurich.
Dietmansried, X. Bavaria, in liter ; 8 NNW.
Kempten. Pop. 1,200.
Dietriehsbrunn, X. Bav. ; 13 NNE. Bamberg.
Dietrichstein, t. Carinthia, on the Geyl; 3
W. Araoldstein.
Dietschin, see Telschen.
Dielting, see Titling.
Dietweil, X. Switz., Lucerne ; 7 N. Lucerne.
Dietz, t Ger., in Nassau, capital of a district,
on the Lahn; 23 W. Wetzlar, 25 N. Mentz.
Lon. 7.59. E. Lat. 50.23. N. Pop. 1,796. It
contains 3. churches; 2 for Calvinists, the other
for Lutherans.
Dietzhausen, t. Ger.; 6 ENE. Meinungen.
Dieu, (Isle de,) isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of France, about 7 miles long, and 2
broad. Lon. 2.20.W. Lat. 46. 42. N. Pop. 1,907.
Dieu le Fit, X. France, in Drome ; 13 E.
Montelimart. Pop. 2,847.
Diene, X. France, in Meuse, on the Meuse ;
6 S. Verdun.
Dieulish, r. Eng., which runs into the Stour,
near Sturminster, in Dorsetshire.
Dieulouard, X. France, in Meurte, on the
Moselle ; 9 NNW. Nancy. Pop. 925.
Dieuse, t.France, and principal place of a
district, in Meurte, celebrated for its salt-works;
22 NE. Nancy, 27 SE. Metz. Lon. 6. 48. E.
Lat. 48. 49. N. Pop. 3,344.

Dig, t. Hind., in Mewat ; 48 E. Cotputly,
63 S. Delhi. Lon. 77. 43. E. Lat. 27. 36. N.
Digah, t. Hind., on the Ganges ; 300 NW.
Calcutta. Lon. 85. E. Lat. 25. 45. N. It is a
Baptist missionary station.
Digano, X. Italy, Padua ; 10 NNW. Padua.
Digba, now Coma.
Digby, X. Nova-Scotia, in the bay of Anna
polis ; 15 SW. Annapolis.
Digeil, or Little Tigris, canal, A. Turkey,
from Ashuk to Bagdad.
Diges, X. France, in Yonne; 6 NW. Tonnerre.
Pop. 1,322.
Diggani, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 3. 10.
W. Lat. 40. 10. N.
Diggee, X. Bengal ; 23 E. Boglipour.
Diggee, fort, Hind., in. Bahar; 36 NNW.
Durbungah. Lon. 85. 43. E. Lat. 26. 40. N.
Digges' Sound, inlet in N. part of Beering's
bay. Lon. 220. 43. E Lat. 59. 52. N.
Diggram, t. Bengal ; 20 N. Moorshedabad.
Diggy, t. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 17 N. Ray-
pour. Dighton, p-t. fa port of entry, Bristol co.
Mass., on W. side of Taunton river; 7 SSW.
Taunton, 39 S. Boston, W. 434. Pop. 653. All
the shipping of Wellington, Taunton, Troy,
Freetown, Berkley, Somerset, and Swansey, is
entered at this port. The amount, in 1816,
was 7,701 tons. — There is in this town, in
Taunton river, near the bank, a rock, which
contains a remarkable hieroglyphic inscription,
of which no satisfactory explanation has yet
been given.
Digley, t. Bengal ; 10 W. Silhet.
Digligy-heur, X. Ceylon, where the king had
a palace ; 10 SE. Candy.
Digman's Ferry, p-v. Wayne co. Pa.; W. 244,
Dignac, X. France, in Charente ; 7 S. Angou-
lesme. Dignagur, X. Bengal ; 24 SE. Mahmudpour.
Dignagur, t. Bengal ; 5 SSW. Kishenagur.
Dignagur, t. Bengal;. 15 NNW. Burdwan.
Pop. 4,949.
Dignano, t. Aust. Illyria, in Trieste, on an
eminence 3 miles from the sea; 44 S. Trieste.
Lon. 14. E. Lat. 46. 6. N. Pop. 3,506. H. 599.
Dignant, X. Istria, abput 3 miles from the sea.
In the church are some paintings by Paul, Ve
ronese, Palma, and Tintoret; 44 S. Trieste.
Lon. 14. E. Lat. 45. 6. N.
Digne, (an. Dinia,) t. France, and capital of
Lower Alps, situated on a small river at the
foot of some mountains ; 28 S. Apt. Lon. 6. 14.
E. Lat. 44. 5. N. Pop. 3,325. Bp. see. It con
tains some celebrated mineral waters, used both
externally and internally.
Digny, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 15 W.
Chartres. Digoin, X. France, in Saone-and-Loire ; 12
W. Charolles. Pop. 2,233.
Digonville, t France, in Channel ; 4E. Cher
burg. Dijolingan, X. on E. coast of the island of Ne-
gros. Lon. 123. 8. E. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Dijon, (an. Dibio,) city, France, and capital
of Cote-d'Or; 11 posts W. Besancon, 37 SE.
Paris. Lon. 5. 2. E. Lat. 47. 19. N. Pop. 21,612.
H. 2,900. Bp. see. The streets are regular and
well paved, and the houses generally neat and,

DIM

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DIN

commodious. It contains 8 churches, 3 hos
pitals, a royal college, an academy'of sciences
founded in 1725, a public library of 40,000
volumes, a museum with beautiful paintings and
40,000 engravings. The university of Dijon
before the revolution, ranked among the first
in France, since the restoration an academy or
provincial university, with 3 faculties, has been
established here. The city is situated on the
Ouche, in a fertile and charming plain, bound
ed by a ridge of mountains, on the side of which
the inhabitants cultivate vines, of which they
make excellent wine. It has 4 gates, and 3
fauxbourgs, and is nearly a league in circum
ference. The walls are handsome, but the for
tifications old. The castle was built by Louis
XI. It was formerly the capital of the Dijon-
nois. — Natives, Bossuet, Crebillon, Piron, Ra-
meau, Monnaye, and Languet.
Dijonnois, before the revolution a countiy of
France, round the city of Dijon.
Dikjeschoft, see Infuma.
Dikowo, X. Bohemia, Konigingratz ; 9 ESE.
Gitschin. Dikrnebeli, mt. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 15 N.
Arabkir. Dileram, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 60 N. Bost.
Dilen, r. Cabulistan, which forms one of the
branches of the Cowmul, and joins the Semil,
at Kerdiz.
Dili, see Delos.
Dilia, r. Curdistan, which rises N. Sherezur,
and runs into the Tigris, between Bagdad and
El Modain.
Dilian, one the Calamianes islands. Lon. 120.
27. E. Lat. 11. 52. N.
Dilin, X. Hungary ; 2 N. Schemnitz.
Dilinge, X. Prussia, in Natangen ; 12 S. In-
sterburg. Dill, X. Pru. Coblentz ; 26 WNW. Creutznach.
Dill, r. Germany, which passes hy Dillenburg,
fac. and runs into the Lahn, opposite Wetzlar.
Dilta, mt. on the coast of Malabar ; 24 NNW.
Tellichery. Dillein, X. Savoy ; 8 W. Chambery.
Dillenburg, X. Nassau, capital of a district, on
the Dill ; 14 NW. Wetzlar. Lon. 8. 22. E. Lat.
60. 42. N. Pop. 3,200. It contains a gymnasi
um. Near it is a furnace for smelting copper
Dillingen, X. Bavaria ; 24 NE. Ulm, 25 NNW.
Augsburg. Lon. 10. 30. E. Lat 48. 34. N. Pop.
3,118. It is situated on the Danube, and. is a
well built town. It formerly contained a Cath
olic university, a seminary for missionaries, and
another for young ecclesiastics V but the two
last were dissolved in 1S02, and the university
was converted into a lyceum. i — Here is a castle,
which was formerly the residence of the bish
ops of Augsburg.
Dillsberg, X. Baden, on the Neckar; 6 E.
Heidelberg. Pop. 523.
Dillsburg, p-v. York co. Pa., in the township
of Monaghan; SE. Carlisle, 12 SW. Har-
risburg, 20 NW. York, 65 N. Baltimore, W.
96. Lat. 40. 4. N. It contains a Presbyterian
meeting house, and 13 dwelling houses.
Dillstadt, X. Germany; 4 E. Meinungen.
Dilsbo, x. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 16 NW.
Hudwickswal. Dimal, t. Hind., Golconda ; 18 S. Combamet.

Dimarra, r. island of Lucon, which tuns into
the sea, Lon. 120. 40. E. Lat. 18. 29. N.
Dimbach, t. Austria ; 4 N. Grein.
Dimchurch, or Dinehureh, v. Eng., in Kent,
situated by the side of a strong dyke, called
Dimchurch Wall, between Romney , and Hy the,
to prevent the encroachments of the sea, with
a carriage road on the top, which is wide
enough for carriages to pass each other; 4
NNE. New Romney, 4 SSW. Hythe.
Dimel, r. Ger, which rises in Waldeck, passes.
by StadtbeTg, Warburg, Dentelburg, fac. and
runs into the Weser, near Helmershausen. .
Dimikur, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz \ 10 W.
Biczow. Dimitria, fort, Russia, on the Don, in Cauca
sus ; 12 N. Ekaterinograd.
Dimitrew, X. Podolia; 50 SSW. Braclaw.
Dimitzana, or Dimisana, t. Morea, on Ery-
manthus, opposite to the ruins of ancient Pso-
phis; 24 NW. Tripolizza. It contains upwards
of 500 houses, and a flourishing Greek school,
with upwards of 300 scholars.
Dimlu, strong t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 20 ESE.
Taas. Dimmody, r. Hind., which runs into the Cag-
gar, 45 S. Batnir.
Dimne, X. Arabia, in Yemen -r 12 SSE- Dsjebi.
Dimocksville, p-t. Susquehanna co. Pa. ; 199
Harrisburg. W. 299.
Dimokea, X. Nubia ; 76 S. CbiggreV.
Dimotica, see Demoiica.
Dina, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
W. coast of Calabria Lon.l5.47.E. Lat.39.57.N.
Dinaburg; see Dunabvrg.
Dinapore, X. Hind., in Bahar, and district sf
Patna ; remarkable for a magnificent military
cantonment; 11 W. Patna. Lon. 85. 5. E. Lat.
25. 38. N.
Dinagepour, or Dinagepore, pr. Bengal, bound
ed NE. by Boodah and Rungpour, E. by Sur-
roopour and Goragot ; S. by Foostole, Mosee-
da, and Barbuckpour ; and W. by Rajemal;
about 80 miles long from N. to S. and from 20>
to 50 broad. Dinagepour is the capital.. Pop.
about 600,000.
Dinagepour, t. Bengal, and capital of a prov
ince of the same name ; 182 E. Patna, 200 N.
Calcutta. Lon. 88. 46. E. Lat. 25. 38. N. Pop.
40,000. It is the residence of a rajah, and a
place of considerable trade. — The Baptists have
a missionary bere.
Dinan, or Dinant, t. France,, and principal
place of a district, in North Coasts ; 12 S. St.
Malo, 28 E. St. Brieuc. Lon. 1. 57. W. Lat. 48.
23. N. Pop. 4,170. It is surrounded with thick
walls ; situated in a fertile countiy, and a heal
thy soil. The chief manufactures are of linen
and thread ; near it is a chalybeate spring. —
Native, Ductos.
Dinant, X. Neth., capital of a district, in Na
mur, near the Meuse ; 5 N. Charlemont ; 12
S. Namur. Lon. 4. 59. E. Lat. 50. 16. N. Pop.
3,631. It contains 8 churches, 6 eonvents, 2
hospitals, and a college. The chief trade is iu
leather. Near it are quauries of marble, and
other stone, with some mines of iron ore.
Dinant Bay, bay, France, on W. coast of the
department of Finisterre, in the English chan
nel, between Brest road and the bay of Douair-
nenez. Lon. 1. 50. W. Lat. 48. 13. N.

Dm

504

D1R

Dinar, mt. Persia, Farsistan ; 40 E. Ragian.
Dinazzano, X. Italy ; 9 SSW. Modena.
Dinasmouthy, or Din as y Mowydwy, t. N.
Wales, in Merioneth, with a market on Friday;
35 NW. Montgomery ; 196 WNW. London.
J*on. 3. 38. W. Lat. 52. 34. N. Pop, 225.
Dinaw, X. Aust. Galicia ; 60 WSW. Lemberg.
Dinckel, r. Ger., which rans into foe Vecht,
•bout 7 N. Nienhuys, in Bentheim.
Dinckel, r. Ger,, which runs into the Emmer,
near Wobbel, in Lippe.
Dintkelshause.n, X. Bavaria; 2 SE. Geroltz-
hofen. Dincole, t. Hind., in Baglana ; 7 W. Naderbar.
Dindang, t. Africa, in Fooladoo. Lon. 7. 25.
W. Lai. 13. 20. N.
Dinden, see Gedding.
Dindigul, pr. or circar, Hind., bounded N.
and W. by Coimbetore, E. by the Carnatic, and
S. by Travancore ; about 80 miles long from
N. to S. and 36 broad. It is a valley situated
among mountains, and chiefly fertile in rice.
It was wrested from Tippoo, and continues part
of the British dominions. It is said to produce
annually 120,000 pagodas to the East India
Company. Dindigul, city, Hind., and capital of a circar,
to which it gives name ; 51 SW. Tritchinopoly,
70 SE. Coimbetore. Lon. 78. 6. E. Lat. 10.23.
N. It was defended by a strong fortress, on an
almost inaccessible rock ; the British took it by
storm in 1783, and have now a garrison in it.
Dindikoo,X. Africa, Konkodoo; 24 NE. Sata-
<3oo. Dinding, or Pulo Dinding, isl. in the straits
of Malacca, near the coast of Malacca; 20 m.
in circ. Lon. 100. 36. E. Lat 4. 15. N.
Dinding, (Little,) small isl. a little E. of Din
ding. Dindoory, X. Hind., Baglana ; 45 W. Chandor.
Dinerof, see Dudeldorf
Dingi, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 15 N.
Rennes. Dingelfingen, X. Bav., Lower Danube on the
Iser ; 40 W. Passau, 48 NE. Munich. Lon. 12.
28. E. Lat. 48. 36. N. Pop. 2,081.
Dinglestadt, X. Pru. Saxony, in Erfurt, on the
Unstrult; 33 NW. Erfurt. Fop. 1,920.
Dingen, lake, Prussia ; 15 SE Brandenburg.
Dingi, pr. in E. part of Loango.
Dingle, s-p. Ireland, in Kerry, situated on N.
coast of a large bay to which it gives name ; 21
WSW. Tralee. Lon. 10. 38. W. Lat. 52. 8. N.
It was a place of great note and commerce ; and
though the town shows, at present, some marks
of decay, it preserves some trade, and exports
butter, beef, corn, and linen.
Dinglmgen, X. Baden ; 2 WNW. Lahr. Pop.
800. Dingsleben, X. Germany; 11 SE. Meinungen.
Dingwall, X. Scot., and a royal burgh, in Ross,
situated at the bottom of the Frith of Cromarty ;
19 N. Inverness. Lon. 4. 19. W. Lat. 57. 36. N.
Pop. 1,500. The chief employment is the man
ufacture of linen.
Dingyce, X. Africa, in Kaarta. Lon. 6. 6. W.
Lat. 14. 48. N.
Dima, now Bolouaden.
Dinin, r. Ireland; which runs into the Nore,
at Kilkenny.

Dinish, small isl. in the Atlantic, near Vt
coast of Ireland. Lon. 10. 6. W. Lat. 51.41. N.
Dinkelsbuhl, or Dunkelspuhl, or Tricollis, or
Zeacollis, or Zeapolis, X. Bavaria, situated on 3
hills, near the Wernitz ; 16 SW. Anspacfc. Lon.
10.22. E. Lat. 49. 5. N. Pop. 6,435. 14 is built
in a very antiquated style, surrounded by a high
wall, towers, and ditches, and has a Latin
school, and manufactures of woollen, fustian,
stockings, and leather.
Dinkelscherben, X. Bavaria, district of Zumar
shausen Fop. 600.
Dinkira, country, Africa, situated E. tile
Gold coast, about 5 days' journey from the
town of Mina. It abounds in gold, and was at
one time powerful, but has been exceedingly
injured by wars with Asbantee.
Dinnaliutta, X. Bengal ; 12 S. Beyhar.
Dinneren, r. Switz., which runs into the Aar,
7 SW. Araw.
Dinow, t. Aust. Galicia ; 20 NW. Przemyd.
Dinslaken, X. Pru. Cleves ; 23 SE. Cleves.
Lon. 7.3. E. Lat. 51. 32. N. Pop. 1,031.
Dinteloord, v. S. Holland ; 17 W. by N. Bre
da. Pop. 1,300.
Dinwiddie, co. Va. ; bounded N. by the Ap-
pomatox, which separates it from Chesterfield
co., E. by Prince George co., SE. by Sussex
co., SW. by Brunswick and Lunenburg cos.,W.
by Nottaway co., and NW. by Amelia co. The
county court house is situated 14 SW. Peters
burg, W. 164. Fop. in 1810, 12,524; slaves
7,442. Pop. in 1820, 13,792. Chief town, Pe
tersburg. Near the C. H. there is an academy.
Dinzhuid, X. Bavaria ; 7 SE. Aichstatt
Diocasarea, now Sephoury, and Kirshehr.
Diocaneszty,X. Walachia; 18 SW. Dristra.
Dioclea, X. Dalmatia, near Ragusa.
Djoke Carta, city, Java, capital of a king
dom ; 130 SSW. Samarang.
Dioko-var, see Diacovar.
Dioly, t. Hind., Bejapour ; 43 NW. Poonah.
Dion Promontorium, see Cape Sassaso.
Djoojocarla, large and populous town, Java,
on a river where there is a European port and
settlement. It is the capital of the sultan of
Mataram ; whose palace is about 3 miles in
circuit, defended by nearly 100 pieces of can
non. It was taken by the British in 1812.
Dios, now Nio.
Dioscoridis, now Socotara.
Dios-Gyor, t. Hungary, in Borschod; 32 W,
Tokay. Pop. 4,000.
Diospolis, see Lod, Menzaleh, Gnu Sclierkie,
Hou, and Bajiura.
Dioscurias, now Isguriah.
Diostetwi, X. Silesia, in Oels ; 3 SSW. Mittel-
walden. Dioszeg, X. Hungary, in Bihar; 30SSW.Zath-
mar. Pop. 3,500.
Diou, t Persia, in Chorasan ; 270 N. Herat.
Dipbach, X. Bavaria ; 5 WNW. Volckach.
Dippach, X. Bav. ; 3 SW. Burg Eberach.
Dippoldiswalda, X. Saxony, in Meissen; 12
SSW. Dresden, 20 S. Meissen. Lon. 13. 36. E.
Lat. 50. 53. N. Pop. 1,367.
Dippoolol, one of the Sooloo islands Lon.
121. 58. E. Lat. 6. 24. N.
Dira, or Dira, see Babel Mandeb.
Diracoul, X. Arabian Irak ; 42 ESE. Bagdad.

tWS

sob

D1U

DiredM Stand, smWHi: afeaf W. tfflast of
Bbrheo. Lon. 108. 40. E. IftitlO. 11. N.
Detection, (Islands 'd/J'fodr'sma'll IslaUds/at
W. entrance of the Straits of Magellan, in 'the
8. P. ocean. Lon. 77. 19. W. L'at. 62.27. S.
Direk Fries Bay, bay dri S. coast of Java:
Bdn: 108: 57. E. Lat 7. 38. S.
Direklubel, t. A'. Turkey, in Sivas ; 35 W.
Jfrfla'sreb:. DirenkrUtt, X. Austria ; 5'SE. ZSstersdOrff.
Diren'ow, r. Ger., which runs from the Gross
Haff into the Baltic.
DirgdU, X. Bengal'; 28 WNW. Silhet.
Dirhant, v. Eng., Gloucestershire ; 8 N. Bath;
Birkshddrh, X. Holland1; 8 N. Alcmaer.
tiirksland, v. Holland ; 6 S. by E. Helvoets-
huys. Pop. 1J200.
¦Dirleton, v. fa parish, Scot., in Haddington,
on the frith of Forth ; 2 W. North Berwick.
Pdp. 1,211. Here are ruins of a Castle'.
tiirmsteih, X. Bav., circle'of 'the Rhine ; 7 SSW.
Worms. Pop. 1,250.
Dirnbdch, t. Bohemia, iri Saatz ; 4'E. Eger.
Dirfreberg, t. Bav. ; 4 N. Wunsiedel.
Birretorf X'. Anstria ; 3 N. Steyr.
Dirschau, X. Prussia, in Dantzic, capital of a
circle, on the V istula, fortified ; 16 SSE. Dantzic
Pop. 1,929.
Dirschl, X. Bohemia, Leitmeritz ; 6 S. Leypa.
Disappointment Bay, bay on E. coast of Min
danao. Lon. 126. 15. E. Lat. 6. 52. N.
Disappointment Bay, bay in the Straits of
Magellan, on the coast of Terra delFuegb ; 10
SE. Dolphin Bay.
Disappointment, (Islands of) two islands in
the S. P. ocean ; so named by Com. Byron,
because ne was not able to come to an anchor,
iri order to procure refreshments. The smallest
was about 5 miles m circumference, of a most
delightful appearance ; encircled by a beach1 of
the whitest sand ; covered with tall and beauti
ful trees. The natives were of a deep copper
colour, exceedingly stout, and of remarkable
agility. The middle of this cluster of islands
lies in Lon. 145. 4. W. Lat 14. 5. S.
Disappointment Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean,
arid one of those called Duff's Group. Lon. 167.
E. Lat. 9. 57. S.
DiscMhgen, X. Wurtemberg, on theEgge, di'st.
Neresheim. Pop. 1,100.
Disel, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 18 SE. Herat.
Disentis, t. Switz., in Grisons, near the sources
of the Rhine, with an abbey founded in the 7th
c'entury ; 10 SW. Ilantz. Lon. 8. 59. E. Lat. 6.
58. N. Pop. 1,050.
Dhguum; X. Persia, in Farsistan. Lon 50. E.
Lat. 30. N. Great quantities of assafcetida are
procurad'here: DishM, X. Egypt ; 16 NE. Menuf.
Disimieu, X. France, in Isere ; 20 E. Lyons.
Disko, bay on the coast of Greenland, 160
miles in circuit, between Greenland and the
islana\.of Disko. On the island are many rein
deer. Disley, t. Eng., in Cheshire ; 8 SE. Stockport.
Pop. 1,415.
Dismal Swamp, large tract of marshy land,
beginning a little S. of Norfolk in Virginia, and
extending into~N. C, to the amount ofl50,000
acres ; 30 miles long from N. to S;; arid' 10 broad.
Vol. I, 64

This tract is entirely covered With trees', some
: of which grow to a very large size ; arid between'
theni the brushwood springs up so thick, that
many parts are utterly impervious. In the midst
of the swamp is a lake, called Drummond's
pond, 7 miles in length. This lake furnishes
water for the Chesapeake and Albemarle canal,
which connects Elizaoeth river with the Pas
quotank. The Pasquotank flows from this lake'
south, and the Nansemond flows frorh it north.
Diss', t. Erig., in Norfolk ; 13 SSW. Norwich,
92 NNE. London. Lon. 1. 5. E. Lat. 52..22.N.
Pop. 2,590. Here are manufactures of stockings
and coarse hempen cloth. The market is on
Friday. Dissuy, X. France1, ih VienOe ; 7 N. Poitiers,
Dissdorff, X. Pru., in Brandenburg ; 16 WSW.
Saltzwedel. Pop. 317.
Dissen, or Tisse'n, X. HanOverJ in Osnabruck,
with some salt-works ; 16 SE. Osriabruck. Pop.
1,816. Dissenhofen, t. Switz., in Zurich, surrdirVided
with Walls in 1179; 3 SSE. SchaffhaUsen.
Dissima, Disnia, or Disma, see Dezimct.
Dissontpour, X. Oude ; 15 S. Goorackpour.
Distama, t. New Grenada; 18 N. Tunja.
Distre, t. France', iri Mayiie-and-Loire ; 9 SE.
Saumur. Pop. 498.
Ditfurt, Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg, on the
Brede; 4 NE. Quedlingburg. Pop. 1798.
Ditkirchen, X. Ger., in Nassau, on the Lahi ;
17 W. Wetzlar.
DilmanSdorf, t. Austria; 2 S. Schrattentaal.'
Ditmdrsen, divison of Holstein, situated near
jthe Baltic, between the Elbe and the Eyder;
the chief towns are Meldorp and Ltindcn.
, Ditombio, r. Italy, which rises 2 NE. OrtaJ
^passes through the Novarese, and divides into
two rivers, the Albona and the Gognal
Ditteah, t. Hind., in Bundelcund. Lon. 78.'
32. E. Lat. 25. 43. N. It is surrounded by a
stone wall, about 1J m. long, populous and well
; built, the houses being chiefly constructed with
stone covered With tiles.
Dittelsdorf, X. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, near
Hirschfe.lden. Pop. 1,000.
Dittelsheim, X. Baden ; 10 ENE. Dnrlach. Fop.
700. Ditterbach, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 7 SE.
Politzka. Dittersdorf X. Prussia; 10W. Liebmuhl.
Dittersgmn, X. Bav. ; 7 ENE. Wunsiedel.
Dittlaken, X Prussia ; 3 S. Insterburg.
Ditto's Landing, or Liberty, p-vJ Madison co.
Alabama; 10 S. Huntsville, 246 N. Huntsville,'
W. 760.
Ditzen, see Dissen.
Diu, X. & fort, Hind., on an island of the same
name, anciently called Bceonus, near the coast
of Guzerat. Lon. 70. 5. E. Lat. 20. 45. N. Pop.
of the isl. 40,000. If was once a place of im
mense' trade, and was the harbour in which the
fleets were laid up during winter. TChe splen
dour of the buildings, and the luxury of the in
habitants, were unspeakable. Surat was de
stroyed to favour its commerce ; but when that
city was restored, the former declined fast, so
that at present it has not only lost its former
consequence, but according to Nicholson, is in
a mariner a heap of ruins.

D1X

506

DOR

Diu Point, cape om the coast of Guzerat. Lon.
69. 53. E. Lat. 30. 46. N.
Divail Point, cape on NW. coast of Mindanao.
Lon. 123. 14. E. Lat. 8. 30. N.
Divanelly, X. Hind., in the Mysore ; 20 N.
Bangalore. Davinieh, X. Arabian Irak ; 40 SE. Hellah.
Divaran, one of the Calamianes islands. Lon.
120. 32. E.- Lat. 12. 8. N.
.Diijari, t. Georgia ; 15 NNW. Teflis.
Dive, r. France, which runs into the sea, near
Dives. Dives, X. France, in Calvados ; 12 NE. Caen.
Pop. 401.
Divet, X. on N. coast of Sicily ; 7 N. Messina.
. Dividing Creek, p-v. Cumberland co. N. J. ;
W. 200.
Dividing Creek, r. Va., which flows between
Lancaster and Northumberland counties, into
the Chesapeake.
Dividing Creek, bay in the Chesapeake. Lon.
76. 22. W. Lat. 37. 46. N.
Divilican, X. Lucon, at the entrance of Caigu-
ran Bay. Lon. 122. 27. E. Lat. 16. 51. N.
Divinelly, see Deounelly.
Division, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 23 E. Au
burn, 170 W. Albany, W. 389.
Divodurum, see Metz.
Dium, now Standia.
Divona now Cahors.
Divot, X. Bengal ; 26 E. Calcutta.
Divriki, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 60 NE. Sivas,
90 N. Diarbekir. It was built by Pompey in the
Mithridatic war, and by him called Nicopolis, or
the city of victory.
Divvis, mountains, Ireland, in the county of
Antrim ; 2 W. Belfast.
Divy Point, cape, Hind., on the E. coast of the
circar of Condapilly, in bay of Bengal: Lon. 81.
20. E. Lat. 15. 55. N.
Dixan, X. Abyssinia, on a hill ; 30 S. Arkiko.
Lon. 40. E. Lat. 15. 5. N. It is a considerable
town ; the houses are flat roofed and without
chimneys. The inhabitants are Moors and
Christians, whose chief trade is selling children
for slaves.
Dixfield]; p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 18 NE. Paris.
W. 615. Pop. 595.
Dixhills, p-v. in Huntington, N. Y. ; W. 277.
Dixmont, p-t. Hancock co. Maine; 40 NW.
Castine, 220 NE. Boston, W. 666. Pop. 515.
Dixmont, X. France, in Yonne ; 6 N. Joigny.
Pop. 1,192.
Dixmude, or Dizmuyden, X. Neth., in West
Flanders, on the river Yperlee ; 11 S. Ostend,
14 N. Ypres. Lon. 2. 52. E. Lat. 51. 2. N. Pop.
2,568. The sea formerly came up to the walls,
making a small arm capable of receiving mer
chant-vessels which came to traffic, attracted by
the privileges granted by the ancient comtes of
Flanders ; it had every year a free fair for
horses in July. It is much celebrated for its ex
cellent butter and cheese.
Dixon, X. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 841.
, Dixon's Entrance, straits in the N. P. ocean,
between- Queen Charlotte's Island and the con
tinent of N. America.
Dixon's Springs, p-v. Smith co. Tennessee ;
60 Mur'freesborough, W. 696.
Dixville, unsettled township, Coos co. N. H. ;
32 NNE. Lancaster.

Dixville, p-v. Henry co. Va.; W. 318.
Dizabad, X. Persia, Irak ; 60 SSE. Hamadan.
Disec, or Rasec, t. Persia, in Mecran ; 190 S.
Bast, 200 N. Kidge.
Dizuk,, district, Persia, in Mecran, forming a
part of the countiy of Beloochistan, containing
7 or 8 villages, and governed by a chief, who
has a revenue of £8 or 9,000.
Dizum, or Ditsum, t. Han., E. Friesland, with a
harbour on the Embs ; 4 SSE. Emden.
Dmilrevskoi, X. Russia, in Jaroslavl ; 68 NNW.
Jaroslavl.. Dmitrievsk, X. Russia, in Orel ; 126 SE. Smo
lensk. Dmitriev Svopa, X. Russia, in Kursk, on the
Svopa ; 20 NNW. Kursk, 432 SSE. Petersburg.
Lon. 35. 44. E. Lat. 52. 5. N. Pop. 794.
Dmiirija Rostovskoi, X. Russia, in Ustiug, on
the Sula ; 140 ESE. Ustiug.
Dmitrov, or Dmitrovsk, X. Russia, in Moscow;
32 N. Moscow. Pop. 2,950. It is the capital of
a district, regularly built, has an annual fair and
some manufactures. The environs are celebrat
ed for yellow and white apples, which are so
transparent, that the pips may be seen through
the rind.
Dneprovsle, t. Russia, Tauris, on the Dnieper ;
80 SSW. Ekaterinoslav.
Dnieper, or Dneper, or Nieper, (an. Borysthe-
nes,) iJ. Russia, which rises in W. part of the
government of Tver, passes by Smolensk, Mo
gilev, Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, fac. and runs into
the Black sea, near Otchakov. It begins to be
navigable a little above Smolensk. Notwith
standing the course of this river is so extensive,
its navigation is only once interrupted by a se
ries of cataracts, which commence about 200
miles from the mouth and continue 30 or 40
miles ; these, however, are not very dangerous,
and may be passed in the spring by loaded
barks. Length, 1,000 miles.
Dniester, or Niester, (an. Tyros, h Danaster,)
r. which rises from the Carpathian mountains
in Austrian Galicia, and passes by Halics, Choc-
zim, Saroka, Raszcow, Egerlik, Bender, fac
separating Podolia and Cherson from Moldavia
and Bessarabia, and empties itself into the
Black sea, at Akerman. Length, 600 miles.
Doa, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near W
coast of the island of Gilolo. Lon. 127. 40. E.
Lat. 2. 15. N.
Doabeh, r. Asia, which changes its name to
Kameh, near Cabul.
Doan, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut, the residence
of a shcick ; 25 days' journey E. Sana.
Doara, r. Africa, on the coast of Ajan, which
runs into the sea, Lat. 3. 20. N.
Doarcon, or Doiarcon, or Oiarcon, r. Spain,
which runs into the bay of Biscay, near Port

Doareah, X. Hind., in Guzerat, on the coast;
60 W. Noanagur.
Doarsang, X. Hind., in Orissa; 27 NW. Harri-
opour. Doarsinny, X. Hind., Mohurgbauge ; 28 NNW.
Harriopour. Doazit, see Douazit.
Doba, or Dobba, t. Arabia, in Oman ; 144
NNW. Mascat. Lat. 25. 42. N. _
Dobar, X. Bosnia ; 40 E. Banjaluka.

DOB

567

DOE

Dobarua, or Dobarowa, (an. Coloe,) t Abys
sinia ; 50 SW. Arkiko, 90 E.J Sire. It is agree
ably situated on a rock, and is a place of con
siderable trade. The country around is fertile.
Dobber, X. Arabia; 36 NW. Sana.
Dobasnitza, s-p. island of Veglia, in the Adri
atic Pop. 1,201.
Dobeln, t. Saxony, in Leipsic, on an island in
the Mulda, 24 WNW. Dresden, 27 SE. Leipsic.
Lon. 13. 1. E. Lat. 51. 7. N. Pop. 4,116. It has
manufactures of cotton, woollen, and hats.
Doben, X. Prussia ; 9 E. Bartenstein.
Dober, X. Lusatia ; 4 N. Calau.
Doberan, t. Ger., in Mecklenburg Schwerin ;
8 WNW. Rostock. Pop. 1,416. It is celebrated
for its baths, which are much frequented. Near
this place is a singular mound, called Heilige
Damm, or Holy Dom, 3 miles long, 100 feet
broad, and 16 feet high, gradually formed by
the waves, and serving to repel the encroach
ments of the sea.
Dobersdorf X. Holstein ; 10 W. Lutkenborg.
Dobersperg, X. Austria, on the Taya; 4 N.
Bohmisch Waidhoven. Pop. 1,200.
Dobertin, X. Ger., in Mecklenburg Schwerin;
12 S. Schwerin. Pop. 750.
Dobieschitz, X. Bohemia, in Prachim ; 4 NW.
Pisek. Doblen, X. Courland ; 6 NE. Mittaw.
Doboka, X. Transylvania, on the Samesch, in
a district of the same name.
Daboreva, X. Bosnia ; 28 SSE. Serajo.
Dobosna, X. Rus. Minsk , 12 NW. Rohaczow.
Doboy, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Georgia. Lon. 81. 31. W. Lat.31.28. N.
Doom, t Transylvania; 20 WNW. Millen-
bach. Dobra, t. Servia ; 17 W. Orsova.
Dobra, citadel, Bav. ; 6 NE. Kupferberg.
Dobra, X. Sax. Vogtland ; 12 E. Oelsnitz.
Dobra, r. Croatia, which runs into the Kulpa,
5 NW. Carlstadt.
Dobrakotz, X. Hungary ; 19 S. Symontornya.
Dobrata, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia ; 40 W.
Jassy. Dobrawitz, t. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 4 S. Jung
Buntzlau. H. 145. '
Dobrawitz, t. Moravia. Brunn ; 14 N. Brunn.
Dobreniz, X. Bohemia^ Konigingratz ; 8 SW.
Konigingratz. Dobrianka, X. Russia, in Mogilev ; 1 16 S. Mo
gilev. Dobrigny; t. in the island of Veglia ; 5 N.
Veglia. Pop. 1,640.
Dobrilow, X. Austrian Poland ; 32 S. Halicz.
Dobrilugk, t. Pru. Lusatia ; 28 W. Sprcmberg,
34 N. Dresden. Lon. 13. 35; E. Lat. 51. 34. N.
Pop. 1,060. This was orignally a convent of
Cistertians, founded in the 12th century.
Dobrisch, X. Bohemia, Beraun ; 4 SW. Knin
. Pop. 1,321.
Dobrodcin, see Gulenlag.
Dobrofort, X. Aust. Galicia ; 8 SE. Belez.
Dobrokoz, t. Hungary, Tolna ; 22 W. Tolna.
Dobromil, X. Aust. Galicia, in Lemberg ; 32
SW. Lemberg. Pop. 2,400.
Dobroniva, X. and castle, Hungary ; 6 NE.
Schemnitz. Dobrowa, r. Bohemia, which runs into the
Elbe, 6 SE. Colin.

Dobruska, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 34
NE. Konigingratz. Pop. 1,893.
Dobruje, or Dobruzi, country, extending from
Drista, along S. branch of the Danube, to N. ;
belonging to Turkey, and inhabited by Tartars.
Dobrzany, X. Bohemia, Pilsen ; 9 SW. Pilsen.
Dobrzin, X. Poland, in Ploczk, on the Drewe-
nitz; 20 NNE. Thorn Pop. 1,100.
Dobrzyn, X. Poland, in Ploczk, on the Vistula;
65 W. Warsaw, 65 SSE. Culm. Lon. 19. 25. E.
Lat. 52. 38. N. Pop. 1,459.
Dobshena, X. Hungary ; 12 SSW. Kapsdorf.
Dobson's Cross Roads, p-v. Stokes co. N. C. ;
W. 386.
Dobygur, X. Carnatic ; 14 S. Vellore.
Docally, X. Bengal ; 10 SW. Mahmudpour.
Do Carmo, X. Brazil. Lon. 26. 35. W. Lat
20.20. S.
Doce, see Rio Doce.
Docelles, t. France, in Vosges; 6 SE. Epinal.
Dochart, r. Scot., which rises in W. part of
Perthshire, and runs into Loch Tay, after which
it takes the name of Tay.
Docirana, now Dorna.
Dockan, one of the Sooloo islands. Lon.
120. 2. E. Lat. 5. 58. N.
Docker, r. Eng., which runs into the sea, 5
N. Lancaster.
Dockum, t. Neth., in Friesland, situated in
Oostergo, on the river Ee, with a good port ;
10 NW. Lewarden, 33 W. Delfyzl. Lon. 5. 55.
E. Lat. 53. 20. N. Pop. 3,101. The walls have
been often demolished and rebuilt. The town
is very neat and pleasant, and has a good town-
house, built on the side of a grand canal, over
which is a handsome bridge ; it is defended by
a good rampart of earth, ditches, and bastions.
Doctrina, X. S. A., in Tucuman ; 100 W. Salta.
Dodbrook, X. Eng., in Devon ; 15 SW. Dart
mouth, 220 WSW. LOndon. Lon. 3. 44. W.
Lat. 50. 12. N. Pop. 942.
Dode, r. on W. coast of Sumatra, which runs
into the sea, Lat. 2. 27. N.
Doderhult, t. Sweden, in Smaland; 40 N.
Calmar. Dodo, X. Africa, in Aweri ; 45 SSE. Aweri.
Dodo, r. Benin, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 4. 50. N.
Dodona, famous city, Epirus, in Molossis, in
the interior, towards Thessaly. It is celebrated
for the temple and oracle of Apollo, and a for
est of oaks and pines. , No traces of the town
have been discovered, nor is itssituation ascer
tained ; but the forest still exists, and is of vast
extent, lying along the summit of mount To-
marus or Dzoumarka.
Doe, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
sea, Lat. 30. S.
Doe Run, r. Kentucky, which runs into the
Ohio, Lon. 86. 30. W. Lat. 37. 45. N.
Doebeln, see Dobeln.
Doel, X. Flanders, on the Scheldt, opposite
Lillo. Doen, t. Eu. Turkey, on the Danube ; 56
NNE. Silistria.
Doesa, X. Bengal, and capital of Nagpour; 98
W.Calcutta. Lon. 85. 2. E. Lat. 23. N.
Doesburg, X. Neth., in Guelderland ; 8 SSW.
Zutphen, 9 NE. Arnheim. Lon. 6. 1. E. Lat
52-. 2. N. Pop. 2,374.

DOH

508

Dottve, small island in the Indian sea, Lon .
130.50. E. Lat. 7. 8. S^
Doewe, or Dyfwe, t. Sweden, in Jamtland ;
40 W. Froson.
Dofar, or Dafar, (an. Sapl/ar,) s-p. Arabia, in
Hadramant, on W. coast of a bay in the Arab
ian sea, to which it gives name ; 120 N. Cape
Fartach. It is governed by, a sheick, who is a
sovereign prince. The inhabitants are repre
sented as courteous to Europeans. The chief,
article of export is plibanum.
Dofar, or Dafar, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 130 S.
Mecca. Dofarse, X. Abyssinia ; 180 SE. Gondar.
Doffingen,X. Wurtemburg, bailiwic of Boblin
gen. Pop. 600.
Dofre, t. Norway; 36 E. Romsdael.
Dofrefield, or Dovrefield, or Dofrifines, ridge
of mountains between Norway and Sweden.
The highest summits are in Drontheim and Ber
gen. Sneehatta, the highest summit is 7,620 or
7,850 feet above the sea. They contain mines
of copper, silver and iron.
Dog Bird Indians, Indians, North America ;
about Lon. 1 13 W- Lat. 65. N.
Dog Island, one of the smaller Virgin island,
near NW. coast of Virgin Gorda.
Dog Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, about
12 miles in circ It is a low island, overflow
ed in the middle by foe sea at high tidies; and
suiTOunded with a border like a mole covered
with trees. This island was discovered by Ma
gellan, who called it Desventurada. Lon. 141.
30. W. Lat. 15. 15. S.
Dog Island, cluster of small islands on S, side
of the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 68. W. Lat.
51. 20. N.
Dog's Head, cape on W. coast of Ireland, in
Galway. Lon. 10. 8. W. Lat. 53. 34. N.
Dogs, (Isle of) Eng., in Middlesex, opposite
Greenwich. In this island have lately been
constructed some magnificent docks with large
and convenient warehouses for the accommo
dation of the West India merchants.
Dog's River, r. Alabama, which runs into the
west side of Mobile bay, Lon. 88. 3. W. Lat.
30. 40. N.
Dogado, the immediate environs of the city
of Venice, extending from the mouth of the Li-
sonzo to the mouth of the Adige, including the
canals of Venice and the canal of Marano.
Dagan-hisar, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 32
W. Cogni, 35 SE. Akshehr.
Ifogger-bank, very extensive sand-bank in the
German sea, between the coasts of Germany
and England.
DoglAa, t. Macedonia, near Petrich, with con
siderable traffic in tobacco.
Dogliani, t. Piedmont ; 20 NNE. Mondovi.
Pop. 4,000.
Dogliani, mt. Bosnia; 12 N- Serajo.
Doglumpour X. Bengal ; 28 S. Ghidore.
Dogon, X. Pegu, on an island in the mouth of
the Ava; 10 W. Sirian.
Dog-ribbed Indians, N. America, N. of Atha-
pescow lake.
Dohaliz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 4 NW.
Konigingratz. Doliazary, X. Bengal ; 18 S. Islamabad.
Dehebra, t. Bengal; 18 S. Kishenagur.

Oohna, t. Saxony,, in Meissen, on theJVTug-
litz. Lon. 13. 48. E. Lat 50. 68. N. Pop. 675.
Dohnnan, X. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 620.
Dohud, X. Hind., Godra ; 20 SW. TandJa.
Dohud, X. Bengal; 23 W- Ramgur.
Doia,X. Macedonia; 50 SE. Skopia.
Doiagoi, isl. in the Frozen ,sea, at tie en
trance qf the straits of Vagatskoi, belonging to
Russia. Lon. 57. 14. E. Lat. 70. 5. N.
Dojar, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 44 E., Chamir.
Dojo3l,X. Hind., Barramaul ; 5 SE. Namacu.1.
Diora, see Doria.
Doiron,v. France, which joins the Isere, near
Moustiers. Dokowicza, X. Aust. Galicia ; 28 NW. Belez,
Dol, X. France, principal place of a district,
in Ille and-Vilaine ; 6 posts N. Rennes, 27 W.
Paris. Lon. 1.45. E. Lat. 48. 33. N. Pop. 2,787.
It is situated in a marshy country, about a
league from the sea, aud the air is unhealthy.
Dola, or Data, X. Pegu, on a river which runs
into the bay of Bengal; 60 W. Sirian.
Dola, see Deal and I)ole.
Dolalycze, X. Rus. Grodno ; 12 NNE. Novo
grodek. Dolan, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 4 W(
Gitschin. Dolanova, r. Russia, which runs into the
Oka, 12 S. Bratskoi.
Dplau, X. Bav. ; 4 ENE. Bayreuth.
Dolce Acqua, X. Piedmont, in Niee, situated
on the Navia, capital of a marquisate, defended
with a strong castle and fortress ; 3 NE. Vin-
timiglia, 16 ENE. Nice. Pop. 1,100. The land
produces all things necessary, especially excel:
lent wine, figs, almonds, filberts, apples, citrons,
lemons, melons, legumes of all sorts, and ex
cellent oil.
Dol.de.gam, X. Ceylon ; 18 N. Candia.
D6le, (an. Dola Sequanorum,) X. France, prin
cipal place of a district, in Jura, situated on N.
of the Doubs ; 23 WSW. Besancon, 25 N. Lons
le Saunier. Lon! 5. 34. E. La(. 47. 6. N. Fop.
8,235. It contains 7 churches, is tolerably built,
is a very old town, the capital of French,
Compte till 1674, and was once strong, but the
fortifications were destroyed by Louis XIY.
D6le, (La,) one of the loftiest summits of
Mount Jura, which has the appearance of an
immense rock ; the summit of it is 5,178, or
5,774 feet above the level of the sea ; 7 N. Nions.
Dolerwis, X. Bohemia, Saatz ; 6 SE. Graslitz.
Doley, X. Bengal ; 7 NW. Nagore.
Dol fin, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 14.51.
E. Lat. 44, 55. N.
Dolgaia, bay of Russian Lapland, in the
White sea. Lon. 20. 14. E. Lat. 73. 25, N.
Dolganova, X. Russia ; 32 NNE. Nertschinsk.
Dolgelly, or Dolgeth, X. N. Wales, in Merio
neth, situated on the Avon, at the foot of the
mountain called Cader-Idris ; 40 S. Caernar.-
von, 205 NW. London Lon. 4. 36. W. Lat. 52.
44. N. Pop. 3,064. The streets are narrow and
the houses low. The summer assizes are held
here. The principal manufacture is a kind of
coarse woollen cloth, undyed, chiefly for ex
portation. Dolgensee, lake, Brandenburg, N. Templin.
Dolgoi, isl. in the river Volga,, on which the
city of Astrachan is built.

DOb

509

DOM

Dolhinow, t. Rus. Wilna ; 70 E. Wild*.
Dolicza, t. Rus. Podolia ; 26 NW. Kaminiec.
Volina, t. Austrian Galicia ; 38 SW. Halicz.
Dolio, see St. Pantaleo.
Dolitz, X. Pru. Pomerania ; 3 S. Zachan.
Dolitzsch, see Delitzsch.
Doliven, X. Prussia ; 4 N. Marggrabowa.
Dolla, X. Pegu, on an island in the mouth of
the Ava ; 45 WSW. Sirian.
Dollar, v. fa parish, Scot., in Clackmannan,
between Kinross and Stirling, 12 from each.
Fop. 743.
Dollar Law, or Dollar Bum, mt. Scot, in
Peebleshire, about 2,840 feet above the level
of the sea ; 10 S. Peebles.
Dollart Bay, large bay or lake, Ger., in East
Friesland, formed by an inundation of the sea,
in 1277, which at the same time is said to have
destroyed 33 villages ; 6 SW. Emden, 16 W.
Groningen. Dollendorf X. Pru. Coblentz; 3 SE. Blaaken-
heim. Dolleren, r. France, in Upper-Rhine, which
runs into the Me, about 2 N. Mulhausen..
Dollingen, t. Saxony ; 5 E. Liebenwerda.
Doll's Point, cape, on S. coast of Jamaica,
between West harbour and Peake bay.
Dollstadt, t. Prussia, in Oberland ; 6 NW.
Frenschmark. Dollopatagam, t. Ceylon ; 42 NNW. Candy.
Dolmar, mt. Ger. ; 5 S. Smalkalden.
Dolmalov, X. Russia, in Ekaterinburg, on the
Iset ; SO SE. Ekaterinburg,
Dolmayrac, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
9 N. Agen. Pop. 1,017.
Dolmersberg, citadel, Ger. ; 4 NE. Meinungen.
Dolnitz, r. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe,
15 miles below Meissen.
Dolnsladt, or Dolnstein, X. Bavaria, on the
Altmuhl ; 6 W. Aichstatt. Pop. 700.
Dolo, (II,) X. Italy, in Padua, on the Brenta ;
8 ENE. Padua. Pop. 3,000.
Dolol, X. Africa, in the country of the Fou-
lahs, on N. side of the Senegal. Lon. 11. 10.
W. Lat. 15 . 38. N.
Dolonskoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan, on the
Irkutsch ; 16 W. Semipolatnoi.
Dolores, X. Mexico, in Guanaxuato, near the
city of Guanaxuato. The revolution in Mexico
was commenced in this town, in 1810, at the
instigation of the priest, resident in the place,
Don Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla.
Dolores, (Los,) X. Guatimala, in Chiapa; 70
E. Chiapa dos Espagnols.
Dolores, X. New Navarre ; 145 S. Casa Grande.
Dolphin Islands, three small islands in the
Mergui Archipelago, near NE. coast of Sulli
van's island. Lat. 11. 14. N.
Dolphin's Islands, isl. in the straits of Magel
lan. Lon. 71. 41. W. Lat. 53. 59. S.
Dolphin Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan,
on the coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 76. 7
W. Lat. 52. 58. S.
Dolphin's Nose, cape, at W. extremity of My-
so], in the E.Indian sea. Lon.l30.E. Latl.54.S.
Dolphin's Nose, cape, on NE. coast ofthe isl
and of St. Matthew, in the Mergui Archipelago
Lat. 10. 3. N.
Dolsk, t. Prussian Poland; 30 S. Posen
Pop. 860.

Dolstet, t. Prussia; 18 SE. Brandenburg.
Dolstel, X. Prussia, Ermeland ; 14 S. Elbing:
Domains, X. France, in Auvergne ; 20 SE,
Clermont. H.210.
Domanskir, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 16. 59. E. Lat. 60. 56. N.
Domarklubb, small isl. on E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 21. 2. E. Lat. 62. 2. N.
Dobarskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 69. E. Lat. 60. 43. N.
Domart, t.France, in Somme; 5 SSW.Doul-
lens. Pop. 1,067.
Domassyn, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 8 SE.
Beneschow. Domazlicze, or Domazlils, see Taus.
Dombaca, small island, in the bay of Bengal,
near the coast of Ava. Lon. 94. 35. E. Lat.
17. 32. N.
Domberschitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 20 SE.
Brunn. Dom bes, before the revolution, a principality
and small country of France, in Burgundy,
about 24 miles long, and 7 broad, of which
Trevoux was the capital. It is now a part of
the department of the Ain.
Dombes, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 12 SW. Surat.
Dombie, X. Poland, in Masovia ; 3 NW. Len-
zic. Pop. 939.
Domboo, X. Africa, in Mekzara. Lon. 10. 10.
E. Lat. 15. 20. N.
Domboo, t. Africa, in Bornou, a little W. of
considerable salt lakes in the road from Temis-
sa to Bornou ; 400 SSE. from the former, 200
NNW. from the latter. Lon. 21. 25. E. Lat.
23. N. These salt lakes are supposed to be the
Chelidones Palus of Ptolemy. They furnish
salt for Bornou, Cassina, and states south of the
Niger. Dombovar, t. Hungary, in Tolna, 10 SW.
Dobrokoz. Dombrovalz, X. Galicia ; 60 SW. Lemberg.
Dombrawa, t. Russia, in Grodno ; 22 W. Grod
no. Pop. 437.
Dombrowice, X. Poland, in Masovia; 10 W.
Grojec. Pop. 1,189.
Dombrowken, t. Prussia ; 10 E. Nordenburg.
Domburg, t. Holland, in the island of Wal-
cberen ; 6 NW. Middleburg. Pop. 577.
Domene, t. France, in Isere ; 7 E. Grenoble.
Pop. 1,300.
Domenzain, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees r
7 NNW. Mauleon.
Domea, X. Tonquin, on the river Tonquin, 6
or 7 leagues from the sea. Lon. 106. E. Lat.
20. 40. N. H. 100.
Domesness, cape, on the coast of Courland, at
the entrance of the gulf of Riga ; called by the.
Dutch sailors De Cursche Vorst Van de Blau
Berg, or The Courland Prince of the Blue Moun
tains. Lon. 22. 10. E. Lat. 57. 30. N. From
it a sand bank runs near 20 miles ; the extrem
ity lying under water. From E. of the pro
montory is an unfathomable abyss, never ob
served to be agitated. For the safety of vessels
two beacons are erected at. different heights^
andfireslightedinthem duringthe winter nights.
Domevre, X. France, in Vosges ; 6 N. Epinal.
Domevre sous Aviere, X. France, in Vosees ¦
3 NW. Epinal. 6 '
Domfront, X. France, principal place of a

DOM

5ie

DON

district, in Orne, situated on a mountain, near
the river Varenne ; 30 WNW. Alencon. Lon.
0. 34. W. Lat. 48. 35. N. Pop. 1,548.
Dominica, isl. West Indies, belonging to
Great Britain ; situated between Guadeloupe
and Martinico; about 29 miles in lengtb, and
16 in breadth, containing 186,436 acres of land,
and divided into 10 parishes. In 1805 there
were 1,594 whites, 2,822 people of colour, and
22,083 slaves. In 1815, 1,325 whites, 2,983
people of colour, and 21,728 slaves; total,
26,036. It was discovered by Columbus, Nov.
8, 1493, on Sunday ; hence its name. It con
tains many high and rugged mountains, among
which are volcanoes, that frequently discharge
eruptions. From some of these mountains is
sue springs of hot water; whose medicinal vir
tues are much commended. Dominica is well
watered, there being upwards of thirty rivers in
the island, besides a great number of rivulets.
The soil, in most of the interior countiy, is a
light brown-coloured mould, and appears to
have been Washed from the mountains. To
wards the sea coast, and in many of the val
leys, it is a deep, black, and rich native earth,
which seems well adapted to the cultivation of
all the articles of West-Indian produce. The
principal towns are Portsmouth, and Roseau,
or Charlotte's town. The exports of the. island
from January 5th, 1787, to January 5th, 1788,
were 71,312 cwt. of sugar; 63,392 gallons of
rum ; 16,803 gallons of molasses ; 1,194 cwt. of
cocoa; 18,149 cwt. of coffee; 11,250 pounds
of indigo ; '970,816 pounds of cotton-; 161 cwt.
of ginger, with miscellaneous articles to the
value of £11,912 10s. 9d.: the whole, accord
ing to the current prices in London, to the va
lue of £302,987 15s. Lon. 61. 23. W. Lat. 16.
32. N.
Dominica, or 0-Heeva-Oa, the largest ofthe
Marquesas, or the Marquis of Mendozas islands,
in the Pacific ocean, extending from E. to W.
about 18 miles in length ; the breadth is une
qual, and circ. about 45 or 48 miles. It is full
of rugged hills, rising in ridges directly from the
sea ; these ridges are separated by deep valleys,
which, as well as the sides of the hills, are
clothed with wood ; the aspect is barren, but
the island is nevertheless inhabited. Lon. 139.
3. W. Lat. 9.44. S.
Dominica, (La,) t. Cuba ; 45 W. Havanna.
Domitrovsk, X. Russia, in Orel ; 40 SW. Orel,
484 SSE. Petersburg.
Domitz, X. h fortress, Mecklenburg Schwe
rin, at the conflux of the Elbe and the Elda;
34 S. Schwerin. Lon. 11. 24. E. Lat. 53. 10.
N. Pop. 1,660.
Dommaigne, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ;
7 WSW. Vitro.
Dommalain, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine;
3 N. La Guerche.
Dommartles Ponihieu, X. France, in Somme ;
18 NW. Amiens.
Dommarlin, X. France, in Vosges; IS WNW.
Mirecourt. Pop. 491.
Dommary, X. Hind., in Rohilcund; 15 S.
Pattiary. Domme, X. France, in Dordogne ; 6 S. Sarlat.
Pop. 1,991. 6 '
Dommel, ,-. Brabant, which passes by Bois-le-

Duc, where it receives the Aa, and joining the
Meuse, forms with that river and the Wahal,
the island of Bommel.
Dommitsch, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg;
near the Elbe ; 10 S. Wittenberg, 28 NNW.
Meissen. Lon. 12. 56. E. Lat. 51.37. N. P.914,
Domnau, X. Prussia, in Konigsberg ; 20 SSE.
Konigsberg. ' Lori. 20. 40. E. Lat. 64. 22. N.
Pop. 1,012.
Domo d'Oscello, or Dosola, or Domo d'Ossola,
X. Sardinian, Milanese, in Novara, at the foot
of mount Simplon, defended by a fort ; 20 W.
Lago Maggiore. Lon. 8. 20. E. Lat. 46. 5. N.
Pop. 1,262.
Domorny, X. Bengal; 23 SW. Midnapour.
Domos-nous, X. Sardinia ; 10 NE. Villa d'lg-
lesias. Dompaire, X. France, in Vosges ; 9 WNW.
Epinal. Fop. 626.
Dampierre, t. France, in Allier; 14 ESE.
Moulins. Pop. 1,156.
Dampierre, X. France, in Lower-Charente ;
6 ESE. Saintes. Pop. 2,216.
Domremy, la Pucelle, X. France, in Vosges ; 10
E. Bar-le-duc ; the birth-place of the celebrated
maid of Orleans, Joanne d'Arc. Pop. 261.
Damrianka, X. Russia, in Perm ; 40 N. Perm.
Domstatdl, t. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 10 NE.
Olmutz. Pop. 549.
Don, (am Tanais,) r. Russia, which rises near
Epiphon, in the government of Tula, and after
a winding course of about 1,000 miles, runs in
to the sea of Azoph, by 3 mouths, W. of Azoph.
Its mouths are so clioaked with sand, that, ex
cept during the spring, when the snow melts,
only flat-bottomed boats pass.
Don, r. Eng., which runs into the Aire, near
Snaith, in Yorkshire.
Don. r. Scot., which rises in W.part of the
county of Aberdeen, and crossing the county,
runs into the sea, a little below Old Aberdeen.
Its length from its source to its mouth, includ
ing its windings, is 62 miles ; in a right line, 41.
Don Christopher's Cove, on N. coast of Jamai
ca. Lon. 77. 1. W. Lat. 18. 58. N.
Don Martin de Majorca Islands, islands in Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 177. 30. E. Lat. 18. 36. S.
Donabigge, X. Hind., Bahar ; 20 WSW. Patna,
Donaghadee, s-p. Ireland, in Down, on E.
coast, at the entrance of N. channel, where
packets are established for the purpose of car
rying the mails and passengers to Port Patrick,
in Scotland, a distance not quite 7 leagues ; 15
E. Belfast. Lon. 5. 25. W. Lat. 54. 37. N. Its
principal trade consists in the exportation of
live stock to Scotland.
Donah, X. Hind., Visiapour; 55 NW. Poonah.
Donah, pass, across the mountains of Bengal ;
47 N. Ramgur.
Donai, or Donnay, X. Africa, in the country of
the Foulahs, on the Senegal ; 40 SSW. Cayor.
Donaiecz, i. Poland, which runs into the Vis
tula, 25 miles below Cracow.
Donaldsonville, p-t. in the parish of Ascen
sion, Louisiana, on W. bank ofthe Mississippi,
at the efflux of the Lafourche. It is a flourish
ing town, and the seat of justice for the parish,
and contains a court house, a bank, and an
academy. Donaueschingen, or Doneschingen,. X. Badeii.,

DON

511

DON

circle of the Danube, in the Black Forest ; 13
NNW. Schaffhausen, 13 W. Duttlingen. Pop.
2,082. It contains a gymnasium and a library.
Here the prince of Furstenburg has a palace;
near which is a spring, accounted the real source
of the Danube.
Donavits, X. Hungary ; 16 NNW. Palotza.
Donaustauff, or Domstauf t. Bavaria, on the
Danube ; 6 E. Ratisbon. Pop. 800.
Donawert, or Donauwerth, X. Bav. Upper Dan
ube, on the Wernifz, near its union with the
Danube ; 18 N. Augsburg, 30 W. Ingoltstadt,
Lon. 10. 47. W. Lat. 48. 43. N. Pop. 2,460. It
contains 4 chh. and 2 hospitals, was formerly
imperial, fortified, and has a bridge across the
Danube. Donax, v. Piedmont; 3 SE. Verrez. The
road here is cut through the native rock, and is
supposed to have been the passage of Hannibal.
Doncaster, t. Eng., in the West Riding of York,
on the river Don ; 97 S. Durham, 160 N. Lon
don. Lon. 1. 14. W. Lat. 53. 36. N. Pop. 6,935
It was anciently called Danu, or Danum, and
Caer Daun. It is handsomely built, and contains
an elegant church, a house of public worship for
Presbyterians, one for Methodists, and one for
Quakers ; a hospital, a theatre, and a town hall.
In the vicinity is a stand for spectators at the
horse races, which are numerously attended.
Donchery, t. France, Ardennes, on the Meuse ;
3 W. Sedan. Pop. 1,441. It is defended with
walls and some fortifications. Here is a woollen
manufacture. Dondanga, X. Courland ; 24 NE. Piltyn.
Donderiky, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 40 NW.
Darore. Dondorcom's Point, cane on E. coastof Borneo.
Lon. 117. 40. E. Lat 0. 45. S.
Dondigul, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 15 N. Hy
drabad. Dondo, X. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 120.
2. E. Lat. 0.35. N.
Dondrohead, cape on S. coast of Ceylon. Lon.
80. 40. E. Lat. 5. 50. N.
Dondowang, small island in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 118. E. Lat. 5. 25. S.
Donegal, X. Lancaster co. Pa., on NE side of
the Susquehanna ; 18 WNW. Lancaster. Pop.
3,986. Donegal, p-t. Washington co. Pa. 122 Harris-
burg, W. 147. Pop. 1,879. It lies SW. Wash
ington. Donegal,X. Westmoreland co. Fa.; E. of Lau
rel Hill. Pop. 2,564.
Donegal, X. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 960.
Donegal, X. Ireland, which gives name to the
county ; situated at the mouth of the river Esk,
on a large bay of the Atlantic, on W. coast of
the island, called from the town the bay of
Donegal ; 9 NNE. Ballyshannon. Pop. 4,000.
It is in a decayed state.
Donegal, formerly Tyrconnel, co. Ireland,
bounded W. fa N. by the sea, E. by Londonderry
and Tyrone, and S. by Fermanagh, and an arm of
the sea called the bay of Donegal ; about 70
miles in length, and from 10 to 35 in breadth.
Sq m. 1,725. Pop. upwards of 200,000. Parish
es 42. The surface is generally very rugged and
mountainous, in some parts boggy, with some
rich vales between the mountains, and by the

sides of the rivers. The principal town is Bally
shannon. Doneschingen, see Donaueschingen.
Donetz, r. Russia, which rises near Bielgorod,
in Kursk, and runs into the Don, near Kotche-
tovskaia, in the country of the Cosacs. It is a
large stream, navigable to Izium.
Donetsk, X. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
river Donetz ; 140 E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 38.
29. E. Lat. 48. 30. N.
Donga, country, Africa,situated W.Abyssinia,
and S. Dar Fur, from whence the Bahr Abiad,
or White River, W. branch of the Nile, is sup
posed to take its source. Lon. 26. to 27. E. Lat.
7. to 9. N.
Dongartal, X. Hind., in Goondwana ; 30 N.
Nagpore. Dongata, X. Africa, Bornou ; 180 E. Bornou.
Dpngen,X. Brabant; 6ENE. Breda. Pop.2,098.
Donges, t. France, in Lower-Loire ; 21 WNW.
Nantes. Pop. 2,112.
Donghel, X. Africa, in the country of the Fou-
lahs, on the Senegal. Lon. 12. 56. W. Lat. 16.
33. N.
Dongii, country, Africa, E. of Motamba.
Dongio, X. Italy; 11 N. Bellinzona.
Dongo, see Angola.
Dongola, or Dvmgala, or Dankala, t. Nubia,
capital of a district to which it gives name, on
E. side of the Nile ; 280 S. Syene. Lon 32. 5.
E. Lat. 19. 21. N. According to Poncet it was
in a state of decay in 1698 ; the houses low and
ill built, and the streets half deserted. The
Mamalukes since their expulsion from Egypt,
in number about 500 with 2,000 negro slaves,
have taken possession of Dongola.
Dongong, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 20 WSW. Odey-
pour. Dongow, X. Pegu, on the Irawaddy ; 18 N.
Lundfey. Dongree, X. Hind., Gohud ; 12 SSW. Narwa.
Dongrine,X. Hind., Sanore ; 9 SW. Konapour.
Donjon, [Le,) X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Allier ; 24 SE. Moulins. Lon. 3.
52. E. Lat. 46. 21. N. Pop. 1,425.
Donkov, t. Russia, in Riazan, situated near the
source of the Don ; 60 S. Riazan, 480 SSE. Pe
tersburg. Pop. 2,100.
Donmanic Islands, cluster of small islands in
the mouth of the Ganges. Lon. 90. 46. E. Lat.
22. 8. N.
Donna Maria Bay, bay on W. coast of His
paniola; much frequented for wood and water,
near Cape Donna Maria.
Donnapour, X. Hind. ; 18 NE. Benares.
Donnemarie, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ;
9 SW. Provins. Pop. 1,250.
Donneraile, X. Ireland, in Cork; 19 N. Cork, 26
S. Limerick. It consists chiefly of one neat and
spacious street.
Donnersmark, or Csotortokhely, or SlwartekfX.
Hungary ; 7 NNW. Kapsdorf. Pop. 532.
Donnici, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 4 S.
Cosenza. Donnington, or Dunnington, X. Eng., in Lin
colnshire; 11 WSW. Boston, 110 N. London
Lon. 1.11. W. Lat 52. 55. N. Pop. 1,528. It
has a good trade in hemp and hemp-seed, and a
port for barges, by which goods are conveyed
to Boston and the Washes.

DOO

51'2

DOR

Ddwwngft*, or Castle Donningttm', t Ehgr, in
Leicestershire; 18 N. Leicester. Pop. 2J308.
The market is discontinued.
Donnington, v. Eng., in Berkshire ; 2 NNW.
Newbury. Near it are the remains of a venera
ble eastle, which at one time belonged to Chau
cer, the poet. It was strong, and: fortified as a
garrison for King Charles I.
Donnoe, smallish in the N. sea, near the coast
of Norway. Lat. 66. 5. N.
Donshal, see Dentshal.
Donskaia, fortress; Russia, in the' country of
the Cosacs, on the Don ; 220 ENE. Azoph.
Donskaia, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus-; 116
WNW. Ekaterinograd.
Donski Cossacs, see Cosacs.
Donvegan, or Galtragil Head, cape on W.
eoast of the Isle of Skye. Lon. 3. 45. W. Lat.
67. 33. N.
Donzenac, t. France, in Correze ; 10 WSW.
Tulle. Pop 2,012.
Donzere, X. France, in DrOme ; 7'S. M'onteli-
mart. Pop. 1,294.
Donzy, X. France, in Nyevre ; 16 SW. Clame-
cy. Po. 3,065.
Donzy, X. France, in Loire ; 5 E. Feurs.
Doo, r. Africa, which separates the Slave Coast
from Benin, and runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 2.
40. E. Lat. 6. 20. N.
Dooab, tract of fertile land of Hindoostan,
between the rivers Ganges and Jumnah, com
prehended in the provinces of Delhi, Agra, and
Allahabad ; now belonging to the Britisb.
Doobabaunt, lake in W. part of N. America.
Lon. 10O. 30. W. Lat. 63. 5. N.
Dooabeh Jatlindeh, fertile district, Hind., in
Lahore, between the Setledge and Beyah. The
chief towns are Jallindra, and Sultanpoor.
Doodypulla, X. Hind., in Singrowla ; 28 E.
Siapour. Dooggi, X. Africa, in Bondou. Lon. 11. 15. W.
Lat. 15. 36. N.
Doogur, X. Hind., Baglana; 20 NE. Basseen.
Dooky, see Dukkah.
Doolabary, X. Bengal, district of Betooriah.
Dooliapour, X. Bengal ; 35 ESE. Calcutta.
Doolinkiabbo, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 3.'
27. W. Lat 14. 34. N.
Doomah, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundella ; 25 S.
Gurrah. Doomah, X. Orissa ; 15 NW. Sumbulpour.
Dbomarrah, X. Bahar ; 25 E. Bahar.
Doonaskera, X. Oude ; 45 NW. Manickpour.
Doon, i . Scot, which runs from a loch of the
same name, ih Ayrshire, into the frith of Clyde,
about 3. S. Ayr. Lat. 55. 29. N.
Doondatcha,.X. Hind., in Baglana ; 20 E. Na
derbar. Doongu, X. Bootan ; 52 N. Dinagepour.
Dooradgpour, t.Bengal ; 27 ESE. Midnapour.
Dbormah, X. Bengal ; 24 ESE. Doesa.
Doomenburg, t. Neth., in Guelderland ; 5 NE.
Nittieguen. •Doornick, see Tournay.
Doorygaut, X. Hind., in Allahabad; 38 N. Ga-
zypour. Lon. 83. 48. E. Lat. 26. N.
Doorup, X. Hind., Baglana ; 12 W. Chandor.
Dposila, X. Africa, in Mandingo ; Lon. 6. 30.
W. Lat. 12. 50. N.
liooshalc, or Julallabad, X. Persia, in Seistan.

Lon. 61. 13. E. Lat. 31. 26: N: H. 2;06D. It is
neatly built, and in a state Pf improveinent It
is surrounded by the ruins of an ancient city.
Doowoor, t. Carnatic ; 15 WNW. Nellflre'.
{ Dopschau, Topschau, or Dobsina, t. Hungary,
;in Gomor. Lon. 20. 23. E. Lat. 48. 49. N. Pop:
4,000; mostly Germans, and employed inwork-
ing mines of quicksilver, iron, copper, and co-
t bait. Here is a gymnasium.
i Dor, or Dora, now Tartura.
Dora, see Doria.
Derates, r. Costa' Rica, which' runs into' the
Spanish Main, Lon. 82. 40. W. Lat. 9. 40. N.
Dorado, or Coropa, on New Estrernadur*;
country, S. A. but little known.
Dorak, or Felahi, t. Persia, in Chusistatt ; 75
S. Tostar. Pop. 8,000. It is surrounded by mud
walls 2 miles in circuit, and is celebrated for
the manufacture of Arabian cloaks.
Doran, X. Arabia, in Yemen, on the declivity
of a mountain, the residence of several imans ;
28 S. Sana. Lon. 44. 4. E. Lat. 14. 55. N.
Dorat, (Le,) t. France, principal place of a
district, in Upper- Vienne'; 24 N. Limoges. Lon!
1. 9. E. Lat. 46. 13 N. Pop. 3,096;
Dorazy, X. Guzerat ; 23 NW. Junagur:
Dorchester, co. Lower Canada, on S. side of
the St. Lawrence ; and extending along on the
Chaudiere. Dorchester, X. Middlesex co. U: Canada, con
taining about 80 houses.
Dorchester, X. Grafton cO. N. H. ; 15 W. Ply
mouth. Pop. 584.
JDorcAesrer,(Indian name Malapan,) t. Norfolk
co. Mass.; 3 S. Boston. Pop. in 1810, 2,930 1
in 1820, 3,684. It is a very pleasant town, and
contains many fine country seats, a town house,
and 4 houses of public worship, 3 for Congre
gationalists, and 1 for Methodists ; and has some
manufactures. The peninsula, called Dorchestef
neck, borders on Boston harbour. A part of it
is now annexed to Boston, called South Boston.
Dorchester, CO. Md. bounded N . by Talbot and
Caroline cos., E. by Delaware, SE. by Somer
set co., and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. in
1810,18,108; slaves,5,032. Fop.in 1820,17,759.
Chief town, Cambridge.
Dorchester, p-t. Colleton district, S. C, on the
river Ashley ; 18 WNW. Charleston, W. 673.
Dorchester, t. Eng., capital of Dorsetshire^.
situated on high ground; by the side of the river'
Frome, in the road from London to Exeter; 53
E. Exeter, 120 W. London. Lon. 2. 25. W. Lat
50. 43. N. Pop. 2,549. Its ancient name' was
Dumovaria, i. e. The Passage of the River. It
was incorporated by Charles I. and sends 2
members to Parliament. The assizes for the
county are held here, and the representatives
for the county are nominated and elected here.
It has two markets weekly, on Wednesday and
Saturday. The town has long been celebrated
for its strong beer.
Dorchester, t. England, in Oxfordshire; on the
Tame, near its union with the Thames ; an
ciently bp. see ; 10 E. Oxford, 48 WNW! Lon
don. Pbp. 754.
Dordogne, (an. Duranius) r. France, which
rises about 7 m. NW. Besse, in Puy-de-D6irte ;
passes by Bort, Argentel, Beaulieu, Souillac,!
Limeuil, Bergerac, Castillon, Libourn, fac; arid

DOR

513

DOR

joins the Garonne,between Blaye and Bordeaux.
Length 200 miles. .
Dordogne, dep. France, part of the province
of Perigord, bounded NE. by Upper-Vienne, E.
by Lot and Correze, S. by Lot-and-Garonne,
W. by Gironde and Lower-Charente, and NW.
by Charente. Pop. 424,413 ; 8,500 Protestants.
Sq. m. 3,624. It is divided into 5 arrondisse-
meuts, Perigueux, the capital, Bergerac, Sarlat,
Riberac, and Nontron.
Dordrecht, see Dort.
Dore, r. France, which rises in Puy-de-Dome,
and joins the Allier, near Cusset
Dore I'Egiise, X. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 15
E. Issoire. H. 280.
Dorebat, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 12 W. Taas.
Doreburen, see Dornbeuren.
Dorenburg, or Duirenburg, t. Pru. Westphalia,
in Minden ; 3 NW. Bielefield.
Dorenhagen, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Minden ;
6 SSE. Paderborn.
Dorenthal, or Dorotheenthal, t. Saxony, in
Erzgebirg ; 13 S. Freyburg.
Dorette, r. France, which runs into the Dive,
near Toan, in Calyados.
Dorfen, X. Bav., on the Iser ; 27 ENE. Munich.
Pop. 924.
Dorff, X. Austria, on the Danube ; 1 1 NW.
Bruck. Dorfflis, X. Austria ; 7 S. Zisterstorf.
Dorftes, X. Bavaria ; 3 N. Bamberg.
Dorflingen, X. Switz., Schaffhausen ; 4 E. by
N. Schaffhausen.
Dorfmark, X. Han., Luneburg ; 20 NW. Zelle.
Dorftost Nubia, on the Red sea. Lon. 37.
33. E. Lat 20. N.
Dorhobuss, X. Rus. Volhyoia ; 60 E. Lucko.
Dorlitz, X. Ger., in Weimar ; 2 N. Ilmenau.
Doria Baltea, or Grand Doria, or Dora, (an.
Duria,) r. Piedmont, which rises in the Alps, on
the borders of the Valais, and, after winding
through the valley of Aosta, fac, empties itself
into the Po by two branches, between Chi-
vazzo and Crescentino.
Doria Riparia, or Little Doria, or Dora, (an.
Duria Minor,) r. Piedmont, which rises in the
Alps, on the borders of France, passes through
the valley of Susa, fac, and runs into the Po,
a little NE. Turin
Doringstadt, X. Bavaria ; 14 N. Bamberg.
Doris, a division of Greece, at the foot of
mount (Eta and mount Parnassus ; S. of Thes
saly ; about 20 miles long.
Dorkian, X. Natolia ; 44 W. Sinope.
Dorking, see Dorking. '
Dorkowka, X. Rus. Podolia ; 44 SSE. Braclaw.
Dormagen, X. Pru. Dusseldorf, near the Rhine;
14 N. by W. Cologne. Pop. 2,437'.-
Dormans, t.France, Marne, on the Marne;
12 W. Epernay, 18 SW. Reims. Pop. 2,108.
Dormeilles, v. France, in Seine-and-Marne ;
6 SSW. Montereau.
Darmetz, X. Bavaria ; 8 SSE. Forcheim.
Dormida, settlement, Peru, in Tucuman, on
the river Dulce.
Dormida Point, at the west head, on the S.
coast of St. Domingo, between points Diamond
and Fasqual.
Dorna, (an. Docirana,) X. Bukowina. on the
Bistritza; 60 SW. Suczava.
Vol, I. 65

Dornabad, t. Persia, in Chorasan; 150 NW
Herat. Dornoch, or Domeck, bailiwic, Switz., in
Soleure, which takes its name from a strong
castle, celebrated for a victory obtained by the
Swiss over the Austrians in 1499.
Dornberg,X. Hesse; 8 WNW. Darmstadt.
Dornbeuren, X. Tyrol ; 5 S. Bregentz. P. 970.
Domburg, X. Weimar, on the Saal ; 14 E.
Weimar. Lon. 11. 40. E. Lat. 51. 2. N. P. 400.
Domburg, X. Ger., in Anhalt Cothen, near
the Elbe ; 8 WNW. Zerbst. Pop. 323.
Domburg, or Dorenburg, X. Pru. Westphalia,
in Minden ; 7 WSW Halberstadt, 22 E. Gos-
lar. Lon. 11.5. E. Lat. 51. 53. N.
Dorndorf X. Weimar ; 14 E. Weimar.
Dome, t. France, in Nyevre ; 3 SSW.Decise.
Pop. 930.
Dornecy, X. France, Nyevre ; 6 E. Clamecy.
Dornek, t. Switz., in Soleure, a few miles
S. B^le.
Dornes,X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 13 NE.
Thomar. Dornhan, or Dornheim, X. Wurt, in the Black
Forest ; 12 NNW. Rothweil, 40 SW. Stuttgart.
Lon. 8. 33. E. Lat. 48. 47. N. Pop. 1,056.
Dornheim, X. Hesse ; 5 W. Darmstadt. P. 322.
Dornheim, or Dornum, tUan., in East-Fries-
land ; 6 WSW. Esens. Pop. C35.
Dornoch, s-p. Scot., on SE. coast of Suther
land, on a frith or arm of the German sea,
called the Frith of Dornoch; 54 N. Inverness.
Lon. 3. 56. W. Lat. 57. 50. N. Pop. 2,681. It
was formerly the residence of the bishops of
Caithness, but now much decayed from its
former grandeur.
Dorno, t. Italy, in Gogna ; 9 W. Pavia.
Dornoll, r. Waies, which runs into the Wye,
in S. part ofthe county of Montgomery.
Dornstetten, t. Wurtemberg, in the Black Fo
rest ; 32 E. Strasburg, 35 SW. Stuttgart. Lon.
8. 35. E. Lat. 48. 28. N. Pop. 1,111.
Doroboi, or Dorohoi, X. Moldavia, on a lake ;
68 NNW. Jassy, 142 NW. Bender.
Dorodus, r. Africa, which rises in the Sahara,
and runs into the Atlantic, Lat. 28. 15. N.
Dorog, X. Hungary ; 6 SE. Nanas.
Dorogobuz, X. Russia, in Smolenskoe ; 4Q
ENE. Smolensk, 320 SSE. Petersburg. P. 3,814.
Doroskiewiczt, X. Rus. Grodno ; 90 E. Brzesc.
Doroninsk, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on fhe
Ingoda; 190 ESE. Verch Udinsk, 208 ESE.
Irkutscti. Doronk, X. Egypt ; 2 S. Siut.
Dorostay X. Volhynia ; 16 SE- Lucko.
Dorp Aubeit,X. Arabia, Yemen ; 44 N. Chamir.
Dorolhestadt, see Berlin.
Dorpat, or Dorpt, X. Russia, in Livonia, called
Juriogorod by the Muscovites ; 116 NNE. Riga,
132 SW. Petersburg. Lon. 26. 45. E. Lat 58.
23. N. Pop. 4,500. A university has been
established here since 1802, with a revenue of
10 or £15,000 sterling. It has a museum, a
botanic garden, a library of 30,000 volumes
28 ordinary professors, and 10 extraordinary! .
The number of students in 1807 was 300. Here
is also a gymnasium.
Dorra, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 18 ESE. Kin.
Dorrenberg, t Hesse ; 5 miles from Cassel.
Dorril, one of the.smaller Western islands of

DOR

514

DOU

Scotland, SW. of Mull. Lon. 6. 22. W. Lat.
56. 20. N.
Dorset, p-t. Bennington co. Vt ; 34 N. Ben
nington, W. 425. Pop. 1,359. Here is a re
markable cave.
Dorsetshire, co. Eng., bounded N. by Somer
setshire and Wiltshire, E. by Hampshire, S. by
the British channel, and W. by Devonshire and
Somersetshire ; extending from E. to W. about
60 miles, and from 15 to 35 N. to S. It is for
the most part hilly ; the soil is in general shal
low, over a chalky bottom, but in some of the
valleys very rich ; the whole is estimated at
775,000 acres, of which 250,000 are supposed
to be in tillage, 80,000 water-meadow, 90,000
pasture, 9,000 woods and coppices, 290,000
sheep pasture, and 86,000 uncultivated. Sq.
m. 1,129. Pop. 124,693. Families, 26,821;
12,982 engaged in agriculture ; 9,607 in trade
and manufactures ; 4,232 otherwise. It is di
vided into 34 hundreds, which contain 22
towns and 248 parishes. Dorchester is the cap
ital town.
Dort, or Dordrecht, city, Neth., capital of a
district in South Holland ; 85 S. Amsterdam.
Lon. 4. 40. E. Lat. 51. 49. N. Pop. in 1818,
18,525. H: 3,954. It is situated on a small
island, formed by the waters of the Meuse, the
Mewre, the Rhine, and the Linge ; separated
from the isle of Isselmond by the Meuse, and
from the isle of Beyerlandt by a canal. It was
first detached from the main land November
17lh, 1421, by an irruption ofthe rivers, which
broke down the dikes,drowned 100,000 persons,
and destroyed 72 villages. The town is large
and well built, not regularly fortified, but de
fended with several towers, and contains a
gymnasium, a military school, a museum, a
public library, town house, hospitals, fac. Its
situation is very convenient for trade. — Native,
De Witt.
In 1618 and 1619, was held a famous assem
bly of the clergy from all the Protestant states
in Europe, called the Synod of Dort, to en
quire into and settle the disputes between the
Arminians and Calvinists or Gomarists, other
wise called Remonstrants and Anti-remon
strants. The doctrines of Arminius were con
demned ; and Vorstius, with above 100 minis
ters and professors, were banished ; John Old
en Barnevelt was beheaded ; the celebrated
Hugo Grotius was sentenced to perpetual im
prisonment ; and other learned men, favourers
of those opinions, were punished.
Dorsten, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Munster, on
the Lippe ; 30 N. Dusseldorf, 31 SW. Munster.
Dorszycc, X. Rus. Minsk; 46 NNE. Minsk.
Dortmund, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg,
capital of a circle, on the Embs; 25 SSW.
Munster, 40 W. Cologne. Lon. 7. 27. E. Lat.
51. 31. N. Pop. 4,828. It contains a gymna
sium, 4 Lutheran churches, 1 Catholic, and 3
hospitals. It was formerly imperial.
Dorvatium, now Dart.
Dorum, X. Hanover, in Bremen; 11 N. Bre-
merlehc. Pop. 604.
Dorus, small island in the gulf of Engia, near
W. coast of Angistri.
Dpry, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 63 E. Lida.
Dory, harbour on NW. coast of New Guinea.
Lon. 131. E. Lat. 0. 21. S.

Doryd, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 7 E. Saseram.
Dorydee, X. Bengal ; 18 S. Curruckdeah.
Dorza, X. Persia, in Irak; 60 N. Kom.
Dorzbaeh, X. Wurtemberg, on the Jaxt, near
Krautheim. Pop. 1,130.
Dosbarios, t. Spain, in Old Castile; 22 E.
Toledo, Dosolo, t. Italy ; 18 SSW. Mantua.
Dosotra, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 20 E. Durbun-
gah. Lon. 36. 26. E. Lat 26. 5. N,
Dosse, r. Brandenburg, which runs into the
Havel, 8 ESE. Havelberg.
Dossenheim, X. Baden, in Neckar, on the
Befgstrass ; 3 N. Heidelberg. Pop. 900.
Dotame Indians, Louisiana, at the head of the
Chayenne. No, 120.
Dotekom, see Deutikem-
Dol&s, or Torta, t. Hungary ; 10 S. Comorn.
Dotis, see Tata,
Dothan, or Dolhaim, see El-Net- Tesgier.
Dolmalyn, X. Hungary ; 6 NW. Padolicz. ,
Dottapugny, X. Bengal; 13 NE. Calcutta.
Donadic, X France, Indre ; 5 N. Le Blanc.
Dovain, t. Savoy, celebrated for its vineyards ;
3 ESE. Hermance.
Doudrnenez, s-p. France, in Finisterre, on a
large bay in the English channel ; 6 NE. Pont-
croix, 10 NW. Quimper. Lon. 4. 14. W. Lat.
48 5. N. Pop. 1,793.
ffouay, city, France, and for some time Ca
pital of the dep. of North, now the head of an
arrondissement ; 24J posts N. Paris. Lon. 3. 9.
E. Lat. 50. 22. N. Pop. 18,230. It is large
and strong, situated on the Scarp, which is na
vigable for boate. It contains 7 parishes, and
2,735 "fires. Douay had a university, which was,
suspended during the revolution, but has lately
been restored under the title of an academy.
Here are also schools for drawing, medicine,
and mathematics, a physical cabinet, a chemi
cal laboratory, a botanic garden, and a public
library. This place has been long famous for
its English schools; and a number of Roman
Catholic youths from England and Ireland are
sent hither for education.
Douazit, or Doazit, t. France, in Landes ; 5
S. St. Sever. H. 430.
Double Bridge,p-v. Lunenburg co.Va; W.233.
Double Busk Key, small island among the
Bahamas. Lon. 78. 45. W. Lat. 26. 50. N.
Double Head Shoal, see Maroona.
Double Island Point, cape on E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 206. 51. W. Lat. 25. 55. S.
Double Point, cape, on NE. coast of New-
Holland. Lon. 214. 1. W. Lat. 17. 50. S.
Doubs, or Doux, (an. Dubis,) r. France, which
rises at the foot of mount Jura, passes by St.
Hypolite, Clerval, Basancon, Dole, fac, and
loses itself in the Sa6ne, near Verdun.
Doubs, dep. France, which takes its name
from the river which passes through it; bound
ed N. by Upper-Sa6ne and Upper-Rhine, E. by
Switzerland, SW. by Jura, and NW. by (Jpper-
Safine. Besancon is the capital. Pop. 226,093;
16,000 Protestants. Sq. m. 2,152.
Doubtful Harbour, bay on NW. coast of Ta
vai Poenammoo, the most southerly island of
New Zealand, Lon. 168. 50. W. Lat. 45. 16. S.
Doubtful Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 141. 38. W. Lat. 17. 20. S.

DOV

5H

DOU

Doubtful Island, small isl. in the S. Pacific
ocean, near S. coast of New Holland ; so called
by Capt. Vancouver, from the uncertainty of
its connexion with the continent. Lon. 1 19. 49.
E. Lat. 34.23. S.
Doubtless Bay, bay on.NE. coast of New
Zealand. Lon. 186. 20. W. Lat 34. 53. S.
DouchtlijX. Georgia, in Carduel; 30 NNW.
Teflis. Doudcandy, X. Bengal ; 28 W. Comilla.
Doudeville, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 21
NNW. Rouen. Pop. 2,929.
Daudpour, X. Bengal ; 12 NW. Goragot
Doudpour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 15 WNW. Sul-
tanpour. Dove, r. Eng., which rises about 3 miles from
Buxton, in Derbyshire, and after separating that
county from Staffordshire in its whole course,
runs into the Trent, near Burton. The valley
in which it runs is called Dovedale, and is much
admired for its scenery.
Doue, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 35 SW. Delhi.
Doue, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire, on the
Loire; 9 SW. Saumur, 28 S. Angers. POp. 1,805.
There are the remains of an amphitheatre, which
are by some supposed to be Roman, while oth
ers suppose them the remains of a palace of the
ancient kings of Aquitaine.
Dovein, X. Egypt ; 7 SSE. Siut.
Dover, X. Kent co. Upper Canada, on lake St.
Clair, at the mouth of the Thames.
Dover, X. Windham co. Vt. Pop. 829.
Dover, p-t. fa cap., Strafford co. NH. ; 4 SW.
South Berwick, 10 S. by E. Rochester, 12 NW.
hy N. Portsmouth, 40 E. Concord, 50 SW. Port
land, 60 N. Boston, W. 507. Lon. 70. 54. W.
Lat. 43. 13. N. Pop. in 1810, 2,228 ; in 1820,
2,871. It is situated on the west side of the
Piscataqua, and the Cochecho flows through it.
This river has several falls, the largest of which,
upwards of 40 feet perpendicular, are at the
centre of the town, and afford water privileges
equal to any in New England. The supply of
water is abundant, and the river never rises so
high as to endanger the buildings on it. These
falls are 15 m. from the sea, at the head of tide
water; gondolas come up to the mills, and
sloops within a quarter of a mile. Large iron
and cotton mauufactories have lately been
erected on these falls. There are also a large
cotton manufactory and a cut nail manufactory,
situated on falls two miles higher up the river.
Dover is one of the most considerable and
flourishing towns in the state. It contains a
court house, a jail, a bank, a printing office, an
academy, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Congregationalists, and lforFriends. The trade
consists chiefly in lumber. The greatest part of
the lumber exported from the state, is brought to
this town. Considerable shipping is also owned
here. — Dover is the oldest town in N. H., having
been settled in 1623 by Edward and William
Hilton. The part first settled is in the south of
Dover, an elevated and beautiful neck of land,
called by the Indians Winnichahannat, and by
the first settlers Northam.
Dover, X. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 16 SW. Boston.
Fop. 548.
Dover, p-t Dutchess co. N. Y. ; 22 E. Pough
keepsie, 25 W. by S. Litchfield, 75 S, Albany,

85 N. by E. New-York, W. 320. Pop. 2,193.
It contains 5 meetinghouses, 3 for Baptists, and
2 for Quakers. In the south part of the township
is a valuable bed of iron ore ; and in the north
part on the eastern side of West mountain is a
remarkable cavern called the stone church. The
entrance is through a ravine formed by rocks
rising on each side, about 80 feet perpendicular.
The cavern is formed by arching rocks about
40 high, 30 long, and 20 wide.
Dover, X. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 1,916.
Dover, p-t. Morris co. N. J. ; 82 Trenton, W.
245. Dover, p-t. Kent co. Delaware, on Jones'
Creek, 7 miles above its entrance into Delaware
Bay ; 36 S. Newcastle, W. 135. Lon. 75. 30. W.
Lat. 39. 10. N. Pop. about 900. It contains a
handsome state house, a jail, an academy, a
bank, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Presbyterians, and 1 for Episcopalians. It is the
seat of the state government, and consists of 4
streets which intersect each other at right an
gles, and form a square, upon which the state
house is erected. The town is well built, chiefly
of brick.
Dover, p-t. York co. Pa., on Fox Run ; 7 NW.
York, W. 93. Pop. 1,816.
Dover, X. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 592.
Dover, p-t Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake Erie ;
W. of Granger, 158 NE. Columbus, W. 406. Pop.
308. Dover, p-t Tuscarawas co. Ohio. 128 ENE.
Columbus, W. 348. Pop. 718.
Dover, p-t. fa cap., Stuart co. Ten., on S. side
of the Cumberland, about 34 W. Clarkesville,
W. 807.
Dover Mills, p-v. Goochland co. Va. ; 20 Rich
mond, W. 144.
Dover, X. Egypt ; 14 S. Siut.
Dover, s-p. Eng., in Kent, on a small river
that passes through part of the town, and emp
ties stself into the harbour ; 71 ESE. London
Lon. 1. 19. E. Lat. 51. 7. N. Pop. 9,074. By
the Britons it was called Dour, by the Romans,
Dubris, or Portus Dubris, and by the Saxons,
Dorra. It is much resorted to in summer for
sea bathing. The harbour can receive vessels
of 400 or 500 tons at high water, and is defended
by strong batteries. It is one of the original
Cinque-ports, and was once walled, and de
fended with a castle of great antiquity ; the
walls are now decayed, the castle yet remains,
with a constable, and a small garrison. There
were formerly 7 churches, 2 only of which re
main. This is the most convenient port to sail
from to France, being only 26 miles across the
Channel to Calais, and with a fair wind the
voyage is generally performed in the tide, and
packets are constantly going backwards and
forwards in time of peace. Dover sends two
members to parliament, and has two markets
weekly, on Wednesday and Saturday
Dovura, X. Italy ; 24 W. Milan.
Douel, X. France, in Loir-and-Cher • 9 NE
Moudonbleau. Pop. 900.
Dougieliski, t. Rus., Wilna ; 16 NNE'. Wilna
Douglass, p-t. Worcester co. Mass • 17 s
Worcester, 47 SW. Boston, W. 393, Pop' ] 375
Douglass, X. Montgomery co. Pa„ on N 'side »f
the Schuylkill. Pop? 750. "e oi

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516

DOW

Douglass, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 709.
Douglas, X. Scot, in Lanerkshire, on a small
river of the same name, which soon afteT runs
into the Clyde; 8 S. Lanerk. Pop. 1,730.
Douglas, s-p. Isle of Man, situated in a large
bay to which it gives name, in the Irish sea,
with a harbour for vessels of tolerable burden.
Lon. 4. 24. W. Lat. 54. 9. N. Pop. 2,631. The
trade and number of inhabitants have greatly
increased within the last fifty years.
Douglas Island, small isl. in the Chinese sea.
Lon. 113.57. E. Lat. 10. 45. N.
Douglas's Island, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean,
between Admiralty island and the continent,
about 20 miles long, and 6 broad in the centre,
but narrower at each end. Lon. 225. 40. E. Lat.
58. 16. N.
Douglas Water, r. Scot., which runs into the
Clyde ; 3 S. Lanerk.
Dougledy, r. S. Wales, which joins the Cle-
thy ; 3 S. Haverfordwest.
Doulaincourl, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 10
SW. Joinville.
Doulens, see Dourlens.
Doulevant, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 9 SW.
Joinville. Pop. 617.
Doulon, r. France, which runs into the Al
lier, near Brioude.
Doulu Bassenduar, X. Asia; in Kemaoon, on
the Dewah ; 170 N. Lucknow. Lon. 81. 16. E.
Lat. 29. 42. N.
Doumangur, X. Hind., in Sanore ; 19 SW.
Konapour. Doune, X. Scot., in Perthshire, on the left bank
of the Teith, over which is a bridge ; 9 N.
Stirling, 45 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 4. W. Lat.
56. 12. N. Pop. 1,630. It was formerly cele
brated for its trade in purses and pistols, both
of which have given way to the manufacture of
cotton. Near it are the remains of an ancient
castle, the walls of which are 40 feet in height,
and 10 thick.
Doupar, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 20 N. Comban.
Dour, X. Neth., in Hainault ; 9 WSW. Mons.
Pop. 4,549.
Dour, (an. Durbis,) r. Eng., which rises in the
county of Hereford, and runs into the Munnow,
12 NW. Monmouth.
Dourak, X. Persia, near the confluence of the
Euphrates and Tigris. Lon. 47. 48. E. Lat. 32.
15. N. It is remarkable for reeds of which pens
are made.
Dourdan, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Seine-and-Oise, on the Orge ; 8 N. Es-
jampes, 25 SW. Paris. Lon. 2. 6. E. Lat. 48.
32. N. Pop. 2,870. The corn-market is large,
and there are manufactures of worsted and silk
hose. — Native, Bruyere.
Dourefield, see Dofrefield.
Dourek, X. Natolia ; 35 NE. Boli.
Dourgne, t. France, in Tarn ; 9 S. Castres.
Pop. 1,661.
Dourlach, isl. near the coast of Natolia, in the
gulf of Smyrna ; about five miles long, and two
broad. Lon. 26. 36. E. Lat. 38. 31. N.
Dourlach, (Little,) small island in the gulf of
Smyrna ; about 1 SE. Dourlach.
Do urlens, or DouZens, t.France,principal place
of a district, in Somme; 15 N.Amiens, 18 SW.
Arras. Lon. 2. 25. E. Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop. 1,323.

Dourlens, t. France, North ; 6 N, Maubenge.
Dourpour, X. Hind., Oude ; 40 N. Manickpour.
Dourwara, t. Hind., in Goondwana ; 12 SSW.
Coomtah. Douspudal, t. Rus., in Grodno, on a lake ; 40
NW. Grodno.
Douvaines, X. Switz., in Geneva ; 14 NE. Ge
neva. Pop. 800.
Douvres, X.France, in Calvados; 9 W.Cain,
Pop. 2,239.
Doux, see Doubs.
Dovy, or Douye, or Dyssi, r. Wales,' which
rises in SE. part of Merionethshire, passes by
Machynlleth, fac., and runs into the sea, about 7
N. Aberystwith.
Douze, r. France, which runs into the Adour,
near Tartas.
Douze, X. France, in Dordogne ; 7 SE. Pe-
rigueux. H. 230.
Douzy, X. France, in Ardennes ; 4. E. Sedan.
Dow, isl. near W. coast of Scotland. Lon. 6.
18. W. Lat. 57. 55. N.
Dowskerries, rocks, near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4. 53. W Lat 58. 24. N.
Dowo, rock in the E. Indian sea, near N. coast
of Java. Lon. 110. 50. E. Lat. 6.34. S.
Dowataun, X. Bengal ; 25 SE. Curruckdeah.
Dowdand, X. Bengal ; 14 NE. Noony.
Dowdand, X. Hind., Bahar ; 40 SSE. Boglipour.
Dowenta, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
W. coast of Borneo. Lon.ll0.50.E. Lat. 1.15.S.
Dowergunge, X. Bengal ; 28 S. Dinagepour.
Dowlamow, X. Hind., Oude ; 25 E. Kairabad.
Dowlas Head, cape on SW. coast of Ireland,
in Dingle bay. Lon. 10. 10. W. Lat. 51. 55. N.
Dowlatabad, see Amednagur.
Dowlatabad, X. fa fortress, Hind., which gives
name to a province in the Deccan ; 9 NW.
Aurungabad, 92 S. Burhampour. Lon. 75. 54.
E. Lat. 19. 50. N. The fortress is built on a
solid rock, almost perpendicular on every side,
which rises 140 yards above the plain. The
circumference of the outermost wall is 5,000
yards ; the thickness, at the foundation, 6 ; the
height 16. The space within is divided into 9
fortifications, separated by strong walls, rising
gradually above each other towards the centre,
by which means each commands that which is
next to it beneath.
Dowlatgunge, t. Bengal ; 18 E. Kishenagur.
Down, X. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,501.
Down, or Down-palrick, t. or city, Ireland, in
Down; 5 E. Newry. Lon. 5. 37. W. Lat. 64.
18. N. Pop. 5,000. Bp. see, united with Con
nor. It is the chief town of the county, and
consists chiefly of 4 main streets, and contains
4 houses of public worship, a court house, a
jail, a hospital, and a market house ; and has a
good linen market ; and considerable trade in
the export of potatoes and malt. It returns one
member to parliament, and is celebrated as the
place of St. Patrick's interment, who died 493.
Down, co. Ireland, bounded N. by county of
Antrim and Belfast Lough, E. and S. by the
Irish sea, and W. by the co. of Armagh ; about
40 miles in length, from NE. to SW., and about
25 in breadth. Sq. m. 936. Pop. estimated at
201,498. H. 36,636. The surface is irregular ;
about the centre mountainous, but most parts
fertile.

UKA

&17

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Downapour, X. Hind.; 20 NE. Benares.
Downdekari, X. Hind., Oude ; 25 SSE. Cawn-
pour. Downham, or Downliam Market, X. Eng., in
Norfolk, near the Ouse, with 2 markets weekly,
on Monday and Saturday ; 12 S. Lynn, 86
NNE. London. Lon. 0. 23. E. Lat. 52. 36. N.
Pop. 1,771.
Downie, X. Africa, on N. side of the Nigre ;
25 WSW. Tombuctoo. Pottery ware in large
quantities, neatly made, but not glazed, is man
ufactured here.
Dawningstown, p-t. Chester co. Pa. ; 30 W.
Philadelphia. W. 134.
Downs, road for ships in the English channel,
where vessels which pass the channel generally
stop, lying off Deal, and defended by the high
land, called the South Foreland; yet in some
particular winds, the Downs afford no protec
tion, and vessels are often driven from their an
chors in great distress.
Downton, X. Eng., in Wilts ; 6 S. Salisbury,
85 W. London. Lon. 1. 44. W. Lat. 50. 59. N.
Pop. 2,624. The principal trade of the inhabi
tants is malting, paper-making, and tanning;
and the employment of ifche poor, making lace.
It sends 2 members to parliament.
Doura, X. Hind., in Bahar; 50 SSW. Patna.
Douraligow, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 18 S. Bah-
belgong. Dourapilly, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 10 N. Cos-
simcotta. Dowry, X. Hind., in Berar ; 62 N. Nagpore.
Dowrya, t Hind., in Oude ; 24 ENE. Goorac-
pour. Dowtan, X. Bengal ; 77 NNE. Dacca.
Dowya, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 30 SSW. Patna.
Doxan, X. Bohemia, Schlan ; 5 NNE. Budin.
Doyayance, X. Aust, Galicia ; 36 ESE. Lem
berg. Doyet, X. France, Allier ; 7 W. Montmarault.
Doylestown, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. ; 14 NW. New
ton ; 26 N. Philadelphia, W. 163. Pop. 1,430.
This is the seat of justice for the county.
Doylesville, p-t. Feliciana, Lousiana; 160 New
Orleans, W. 1,332.
Dot/mas, Indians in New Grenada.
Dozary, X. Rus., Minsk ; 36 NNE. Minsk.
Draaburg or Ober Traaburg, X. Stiria; 42
ENE. Brixen, 56 E. Clagenfurt. Lon. 14. 42. E.
Lat. 46. 44. N.
Draaburg, or Unter Traaburg, X. Carinthia ;
48 WNW. Pettaw, 112 SSW. Vienna. Lon. 14.
53. E. Lat. 46. 40. N.
Draaiya, or Drehyeh, X. Arabia, capital of a
new religious sect of Wahabees ; about 160 SE.
Jerusalem. It is situated at the base of lofty
mountains, in a countiy fertile in grain and all
necessaries, and is built of stone. It has never
been visited by a European.
Drabowice, t. Rus., in Kiev ; 36 SW. Czerkasy.
Drac, r. France, which runs into the Isere,
near Grenoble.
Drachenfels, X. Pru. Cologne, with a citadel ;
4SE.Bonn, 7 NNW.Linz.
Drada, r. Bosnia, which runs into the Drin
5 NE. Orach.
Draco, Boca del, or Dragon's Mouth, an en
trance formed by the point of Parier and the
island of Trinidad. Lon.61.43.W. Lat. 10. 43 N

Draekenburg, or Drakemburg, t. Hanover, in
Hoya, on the Weser ; 6 N. Nienburg. Pop. 624.
Here a bloody battle was fought in the year
1547, between the imperialists and the Saxons.
' Dracontia, see Coni.
Dracut, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass., on N. side
of the Merrimack ; 28 NNW. Boston, W. 466.
Pop. 1,407.
Dradate, s-p. Nubia, in the Red sea, with a
good harbour ; about a mile from it are several
wells, which afford excellent water; 36 NNW.
Suakem. Lat. 19. 45. N.
Dragante, i-. Turkey, which rises in Carama
nia, and runs into the Mediterranean, 20 NNE.
Anemur. Drage, X. Ger., in Holstein ; 4 N. Itzehoa.
Drage, r. Ger., which runs into the Netza, 6
ENE. Driesen, in Brandenburg.
Dragemel, X. Carniola, on the Save ; 6 N.
Laybach. Dragoe, X. Denmark, in the island of Amack ;
6 SE. Copenhagen. Pop. 1,100.
Dragoman, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 22
WNW. Sofia.
Dragomesiro, X. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ; 44
WNW. Lepanto.
Dragomirna, t. Bukowina ; 8 N. Suczava.
Dragon Rocks, cluster of rocks in the Pacific
ocean, near the coast of New Albion ; those
above water are 4 in number ; with many others
sunk below water. The outermost lies about lO
NW. Point St. George.
Dragonera, or Dragonaria, X. Naples, in Cap
itanata ; 13 N. Volturara. Bp. see. Pop. 1,800.
Dragonera, small uncultivated island in the
Mediterranean, not above a mile from W. coast
of Majorca. Lon. 2. 14. E. Lat. 39. 35. N.
Dragonisi, see Tragonisi.
Dragot, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on the
Crevasta ; 36 SSE. Durazzo.
Dragsfiord, X. Finland, near the gulf of Fin
land ; 24 S. Abo.
Dragueburg, see Dramburg:
Draguignan, X. France, capital of the dep. of
Var, and of a district, on the river Pis ; 13 NW.
Frejus, 28 W. Antibes. Lon. 6. 33. E. Lat. 44.
32. N. Pop. 7,862. It contains 8 churches, a
cabinet of natural history, and a public libraiy.
Draguszani, X. Moldavia ; 48 E. Jassy. •
Draheim, X. Pomerania; 20 SW. New Stettin.
Drahotauseh, X. Moravia, in Prerau ; 8 NE
Prerau. Pop. 1,026.
Draine, t. Lower Lusatia; 15 SE. Guben.
Draisendorf X. Bavaria ; 5 S. Holfeld.
Drake, port, on W. coast of N. America. Lon
116.45. W. Lat. 37. 58. N.
Drake's Bay, large bay in the Spanish Main,
on the coast of Darien or Veragua. Lon. 81 W
Lat. 8. 55. N.
Drake's Bay, harbour on the coast of Califor
nia. Lon. 111. 39. W. Lat. 28. 15. N.
Drake's Ferry, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. ; W
142. Drake's Island, or St. Nicholas, isl. in Ply
mouth sound. Lon. 4. 8. W. Lat. 50. 21. N.
Drakenstein, settlement at the Cape of Good
Hope, situated at the foot of some lofty moun
tains, and containing some farms and planta
tions. In the neighbourhood is a stone of
remarkable size, called by the inhabitants the
Tower of Babylon, or the Pearl Diamond.

DRE

518

DRE

Drakia, X. Greece, in Magnesia, E. of Porta-
ria. It carries on considerable traffic with La-
rissa. Drama, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 15 NE.
Emboli. It has manufactures of cotton and to
bacco. The ruins of an ancient town are to be
seen here.
Dramanet, X. Africa, in Kajaaga, on the Sen
egal. Lon. 10. 8. W. Lat. 14. 45. N. In 1698,
this town was visited by Brue, a Frenchman.
It then contained about 4,000 inhabitants, who
were Mahometans, and who carried on consid
erable commerce.
Dramburg, X. Pru. Brandenburg; 40 SSE.
Colberg, 118 NE. Berlin. Lon. 14. 49. E. Lat.
50. 30. N. Pop. 1,562.
Dran, r. Ger., which runs into the Drave, 4
S. Pettau, in Stiria.
Drance, r. Switz., which runs into the Rhone,
near Martigny, in the Valais.
Draganess, cape on N. coast of Iceland. Lat.
66. 33, N.
Drdmmer, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 20 SW.
Christiana. Pop. 6,000. It is composed of two
towns, Bragernaes and Stromsoe, the former on
the north, the latter on the south side of the
river Drammer, which here discharges itself into
a gulf of the same name. It has a harbour for
small vessels.
Drangdra, X. Guzerat ; 84 WNW. Cambay.
Drangiana, now Segestan.
Dransfeld, X. Hanover, in Gottingen ; 6 SW.
Gottingen. Lon. 9. 50. E. Lat. 51. 28. N. Pop.
1,128. Drappajoodpour, t. Hind., in Guzerat; 41
WNW. Junagur.
Drapsaca, now Bamian.
Dras, see Kishme.
Draskirchen, see Traskirchen.
Drave, or Drau, r. Ger., which rises in the
mountains of Tyrol, and after a course of about
350 miles joins the Danube, about 16 miles be
low Eszek, in Sclavonia. It is navigable from
Villack. Draunsen See, lake, Prussia, S. Elbing.
Draw, X. Persia, Segestan ; 70 N W. Zareng.
Dray, narrow channel, or branch of the
Thames, which separates the island of Elmeley
from the island of Sbeppey.
Drayton, X. Eng., in Salop, on the Tern ; 19
NNE. Shrewsbury, 154 NW. London. Lon. 2.
32. W. Lat. 52. 67. N. Pop. 3,370. It has a
market on Wednesday. — Native, George Fox.
Drebach, X. Saxony, in Erzegebirg ; 8 SE.
Chemnitz. Pop 1,820.
Drebber, X. Han., in Diepholz ; 5 N. Diepholz.
Drebdow, or Drebdau, X. Pru. Brandenburg ;
10 NW. Spremburg. Lon. 14. 15. E. Lat. 51.
40. N. Pop. 745.
Drcchroide, see Nienradc.
Dregel, X. fa castle, Hungary ; 12 NE. Gran.
Dreghom, v. Scot, in Ayrshire ; 5 W. Kil
marnock. Drehemi, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 20 SE. Ho
deida. Dreilsch, X. Pru., Neustadt ; 2 NE. Neustadt.
Drena, t. Tyrol ; 7 NE. Riva.
Drengfurlh, X. Prussia, Gumbinnen ; 48 SE.
Konigsberg. Lon. 21. 39. E. Lat 51. 7. N. Pop.
1,051. v

Drenl, or Drenthe, small pr. Neth., bounded
by Groningen, Overyssel, Friesland, and the
former bishopric of Munster. Sq. m. 788. Pop.
46,479. Chief towns, Assen and Covorden.
Drenlelburg, or Trentelburg, t. Hesse Cassel ;
18 NNW. Cassel, 32 ESE. Paderborn.' Lon. 9.
25. E. Lat. 51. 33. N. Pop. 867.
Drepano, (an. Panormus,) X. Morea, on the
gulf of Lepanto ; 64 W. by N. Corinth.
Drepanum, see Trapani, Cape Trapani, and
Glossa. Drepter, r. duchy of Bremen, which runs into
the Weser, near Carlsburg.
Dresbach, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 2 NW.
Wolkcnstein. Dresden, p t. Lincoln co. Maine, On E. side
of the Kennebeck ; 9 NW. Wiscasset, 160 NE.
Boston,, W. 613. Pop. 1,338.
Dresden, in Latin Dresdena and Dresda, city,
Germany, capital of the kingdom of Saxony,
and ofthe circle of Meissen, on both sides of
the Elbe, at the influx of the Weisseritz ; 55
ESE. Leipsic, 75 NNW. Prague, 100 SE. Ber
lin. Lon. 13. 43. E. Lat. 51. 3.N. Pop. in 1755,
63,000; in 1803, 49,074; in 1817, 45,000. H.
2,650. It is one of the best built towns in Eu
rope, and has a delightful situation. In almost
every direction it is approached by avenues
more or less shaded, and leading through a
rich and fertile tract ; bounded by gentle emi
nences. The streets are broad, straight, kept
perfectly clean, by means of sewers, and
well lighted. Here is a bridge across the Elbe,
built of freestone, 550 paces in length, consist
ing of 19 arches, and accounted the finest in
Germany. The Elbe divides the city into 2
parts, and there is a third division on the Weis
seritz, called Frederickstadt.
Dresden contains 11 Lutheran churches, 2
Catholic, and 1 Calvinist. It has been long
noted for the fine arts ; the patronage of the
electoral house and the collection of the works
of the great masters affording inducements to
artists to repair hither. The most interesting
building is the electoral, now royal palace, a
spacious but irregular structure. It has a tower
355 feet in height, and a number of remarkable
apartments, particularly the famous green vault,
divided into 8 rooms, paved with marble, and.
containing statues, ivory work, vases, silver
plate, and precious stones. The chancery house
near the palace contains a valuable collection
of paintings. The castle belonging to the king
is the great depot of the porcelain manufac
tures. The Dutcn or Japanese palace, a re
markable edifice, rearing its stately domes amid
groves and thickets, contains the royal library,
said to consist of 150,000 volumes, a valuable
collection of porcelain, and some beautiful
statues. The house of Assembly for the Saxon
diet, is an elegant building. Dresden contains
an academy of cadets of noble families, a mili
tary school, a medical college, 3 public libra
ries, 2 gymnasia, and other institutions. Out
side of the city are several public gardens. —
The principal manufactures are those of por
celain, mirrors, tapestry, lace, jewellery, earth-
em ware, and plaited straw. — A battle was
fought near this city, August 1813, between the
French and the combined Austrian and Russian

DRI

519

DRO

army. The former had the advantage ; 350,000
men were stated to be engaged. General Mo-
l-eau was slain.
Dreske, see Juliusburg.
Dreskowitz, X. Moravia, Brunn; 20 SW. Brunn.
Dresnick, X. Croatia ; 18 NW. Bihacs.
Dresno, see Driesen.
Dresviania, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Va-
gai ; 60 S. Tobolsk.
Dreumel, t Neth., in Guelderland ; 3 S.Thiel.
Pop. 1,000.
Dreuselbach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Lahn, 3 miles above Nassau.
Dreux, X. France, principal place of a district,
in Eure-and-Loir, on the Blaise ; 10£ posts
WSW.Paris. Lon.l.26.E. Lat.48.45.N. Pop.
6,437. A battle was fought near this town, on
the 18th of December 1562, between the army
of the king of France, commanded by the Con
stable Montmorency, and that of the Protes
tants, commanded by the prince of Conde.
Drewentz, r. Prussia, which runs into the Pas-
sarue, 3 SW. Wormditt.
Drewiecz, X. Aus. Galicia ; 65 NW. Sandomirz.
Drewsville, p-v. Cheshire co. N. H ; 60 Con
cord, W. 461.
Dreye, or Dreihe, X. Han., Hoya ; 5 SSE._Bre-
men. Dreyen, small isl. Denmark, in the Little
Belt; 3SW. Middlefahrt.
Dreyen, see Treuen.
Dreygelhausen, X. Pru. Coblentz; 5 W. Bin
gen. Dreyoe Land, small isl. Denmark, 4 S. Fyen.
Dreys, or Dreysz, f. Pru. Treves ; 15 NE.
Treves. Dreysalligkeit, X. Stiria ; 5 N. Pettau.
Drhowle, t. Bohemia, Prachin ; 6 NE. Stra-
konitz. Dribentz, r. Prussia, which runs into the Vis
tula, 6 SE. Thorn.
Driburg, see Dryburg.
Driedorf X. Nassau; 5 SW. Dillenburg. Lon.
8. 20. E. Lat 50. 36. N. Pop. 700.
Driel, X. Neth., in Guelderland ; 4 SE. Bom
mel. Pop. 2,100.
Driesen, or Dresno, t. Pru. Brandenburg; 20
NNE. Schwerin, 90 ENE. Berlin. Lon. 15. 49.
E. Lat. 52. 53. N. Pop. 2,565.
Driffbor, \. Norway, in Drontheim; 46 E.
Romsdal. Driffield, (Great,) X. Eng., in the East Rid
ing of Yorkshire, on a canal which joins the
river Humber; 23 N. Hull, 30 E. York. Lon.
0. 20. W. Lat. 54. 6. N. Pop. 1,857. Here are
manufactures of woollen and cotton, both lately
introduced, and a weekly market on Thursday.
Drighlinglon, X. Eng., in W. Riding of York
shire; 5 Leeds. Pop. 1,355.
Drifo, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 7. E. Lat. 62. 28. N.
Drillo, (an. Achates,) r. Sicily, in the valley
of Noto, which runs into the Mediterranean, 6
SE. Terra Nuova.
Drimana Point, cape, Ireland, on N. coast of
the bay of Donegal ; 3 S. Killibegs.
Drin, (an. Drinus,) r. which rises in SW. part
of Servia, and runs into the Save, 32 W. Sabacz.
Drinaza, i. Servia, which runs into the Save,
15 W. Sabacz.

Dringenburg, X. Pru, Minden ; 6 ESE. Fader-
born. Pop. 734.
Dringfort, X. Prussia ; 9 NE. Rastenburg.
JDrino Bianca, or White Drino, r. Eu. Turkey,
which rises near Rechia, on the borders of Dal
matia, and joins the Drino Nero, 15 NW. Ibali,
where they form one stream, called Drino.
Drino Nero, or Black Drino, (an. Drilo,) r.
Eu. Turkey, which rises in the lake near Akri-
da ; joining the Drino Bianca, it takes the name
of Drino only, and runs into the Adriatic ; about
8 SW. Alessio, forming a bay at its mouth, call
ed the Gulf of Drino. It is navigable nearly
100 miles for large rafts,
Drinovatz, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 28 S.
Viddin. Dripping Springs, p-v. Warren co. Kentucky,
W. 708.
Dripsey, r. Ireland, which runs into the Lee,
10 W. Cork.
Dris, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 70 WSW. Shiras.
Drissa, X. Russia, in Polotsk, at the conflux
of the Drissa with the Dwina; 20 WNW. Po
lotsk, 272 S. Petersburg.
Drissa, r. Russia, which runs into the Dwina,
at the town of Drissa.
Drislra, see Silistria.
Drilley, t. Ger., in Carniola ; 10 ESE. Stein*
Drivaslo, X. Albania ; 20 NE. DulcignO.
Drivazsa, X. Walachia ; 36 NW. Krajovs.
Drive Bay, bay, on S. coast of Canada. Lon.
68. 20. W. 'Lat 48. 52. N.
Drixhom, v. Holland; 7 N. Alcmaer.
Drobing, X. Poland, in Flock; 15 NE. Plock.
Pop. 786.
Droci, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 9 SSE.
Nicotera. Drochizk, X. Rus. Grodno; 25 S. Bielsk.
64 E. Warsaw. Lon. 22. 25. E. Lat. 21. 52. N.
Drogheda, s-p. Ireland, in Louth, on the
Boyne, on the borders of the county of Meath ;
23 N. Dublin. Lon. 6. 22. W. Lat. 53. 43. N.
Pop. in 1814, 16,023. It is large, regular, and
well built, and consists of 2 parishes. The har
bour is tolerable, but has a bar at the entrance,
which prevents the passage of ships of burden,
except at high water. It exports large quanti
ties of corn, and imports coals and other heavy
commodities, which are carried up the river
and distributed by means of a canal. It is a town
and county of itself, and sends 1 member to
parliament. It was anciently called Tredah
remarkable for its strength. In 1649, it was
taken by storm by Oliver Cromwell. Near it
the prince of Orange obtained a complete vic
tory over the army of James II, called the bat
tle of the Boyne.
Drogiezyn, t. Poland, in Podlachia; 56 SW.'
Bielsk. Drogone, r. Naples, which runs into the bay
of Squillace.
Droitwich, X. Eng., in Worcestershire • 8
NNE. Worcester, 118 WNW. London Lon 2
2. W. Lat. 52. 18. N. Pop. 2,079. It contains
3 churches, and has large salt-works, the duty
of which, in 1794, amounted from £150,000 to
£200,000 a year, and the quantity of salt about
700,000 bushels. A canal is made from hence
to the Severn, about 3 miles from Worcester
for the purpose of conveying the salt. It has'

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a weekly market on Friday, and sends 2 mem
bers to parliament.
Drolshagen, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arens
berg; 34 E. Cologne, 48 ESE. Dusseldorf.
Lon. 8. E. Lat. 50 57. N. Pop. 526.
Drama, X. Africa, on the Grain coast, noted
for its market for pepper.
Dromcliff, v. Ireland, in Sligo, formerly a
place of note, and'the see of a bishop, removed
toElphin; 3 N. Sligo.
Drdme, dep. France, which takes its appella
tion from the river Drome, which crosses it,
bounded by the departments of the Upper Alps,
Lower Alps, and Vaucluse ; the Rh6ne bounds
it on the west. The couutry lies high, full of
mountains and valleys ; the soil in many parts
unproductive. Valence is the capital. Fop.
253,372. Protestants, 34,000.
Drome, (an. Druna,) r. France, which rises
near Valdrome, passes by Die, Pontaix, Sail-
lans, Crest, Livron, fac, and falls into the
RhOne, about US. Valence.
Dromo, small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago.
Lon. 24. E. Lat. 39. 28. N.
Dromon, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa., on E. side
of the Susquehanna; 17 S. Lancaster, W. 120.
Fop. 1,500.
Dromore, X. Ireland, in Down ; 15 SW. Bel
fast, 17 E. Armagh. Bp. see. The cathedral
is small, but the palace erected some years
since is handsome and convenient.
Dromwa Petri, X. Africa, on the Ivory coast.
Dronero, X. Piedmont, on the Maira ; 14 SSW.
Saluzzo. Pop. 6,342. Churches, 6.
Dronfield, X. Eng., in Derbyshire ; 6 N. Ches
terfield, 153 NW. London. Lon. 1. 19. W. Lat.
63. 21. N. Pop. 1,182.
Dronne, r. France, which rises about 6 miles
from Thiviers, in Dordogne, and joins the Ille,
near Coutras, in Gironde.
Dronningborg, see Randers.
Drontheim, the most northern diocess of
'Norway, lying along the coast between the
Swedish frontier and the sea. Lat. 62. 20. to
71.12.N. Sq. m. 93,232. Pop. in 1801, 239,215;
in 1814, of Drontheim Proper, excluding Finn-
mark and Norrland, 138,690. The principal
towns are Drontheim, Roraas, Christiansand,
and Molde. It contains 226 churches and chap
els. Though full of mountains, and little ad
apted to cultivation, the progress of agriculture
of late has been considerable, and the culture
of potatoe particularly attended to.
Drontheim, city, Norway, cap. of a diocess or
province of the same name. Lon. 10. 23. E.
Lat. 63. 26. N. Pop. 8,840. H. 1,300. Bp. see.
It is very ancient, and was the seat of govern
ment while Norway remained a separate king
dom. It is builtof wood, and contains a gym
nasium, and an academy of sciences, with a
library. It is situated on a gulf of the North
sea, to which it gives name, at the mouth of
the Nyd, nearly surrounded by the sea and lof
ty mountains, with a well-frequented seaport,
but not capable of receiving large vessels, on
account of rocks at the entrance of the har
bour. It is 58 NNW. ofthe copper mines of Roraae.
The principal exports are masts, fir-timber, cop
per, iron, pitch, tar, stock-fish, skins, potash,
fac In exchange, they receive and import

spices, wine, salt, brandy, corn, tobacco, cloth,
fac. Dropalach, X. Carinthia ; 12 S. Saxenburg.
Droptzice, t. Aust. Poland ; 24 SSE. Cracow.
Droschau, t. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 6 S. Klat-
tau. Families, 137.
Droscholm, X. Denmark, in Zealand ; 12 SSW.
Nykiobing ; 40 W. Copenhagen.
Drosendorfi X. Austria, on the Teya ; 15 W.
Znaym, 46 NW. Vienna. Lon. 15. 34. E. Lat.
48. 45. N. H. 98.
Drosing, X. Austria, at the conflux of the
Teya and the Maroseh ; 6 E. Zistersdorf.
Drossen, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort;
12 SE. Custrin, 14 E. Frankfort on the Oder.
Lon. 15. 4. E. Lat. 52. 30. N Pop. 2,883.
Drossenfeld, X. Bavaria, on the Maine; 6 S.
Culmbach. Drot, r. France, which runs into the Garonne,
at Gironde.
Drontningholm, royal palace, Sweden, on an
island, about 7 miles from Stockholm.
Drotzdorf t. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 S. Grotkau.
Drova, or Drue, or Drou, t. Africa, on the
Grain coast ; 60 NW. Cape Palmas.
Droue, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 9 NE.
Montdoubleau. Pop. 845.
Droune, r. France, which runs into the Dor
dogne, between Libourne and Fronsac.
Droux, t.France, Upper-Vienne ; 5 SE. Dorat.
Drowned Lands, tract of low country on
Wallkill creek, chiefly in Orange co. N. Y., in
the townships of Minisink, Warwick, and Go
shen. The southern part, comprising a tract
of about 3,000 acres, lies in Sussex co. N. J.
They are overflowed in winter, and when drain
ed, are very fertile, and productive ; but the air
is unhealthy. They extend 10 miles in length,
and 4 or 5 in breadth.
Drowned Meadow, p-v. in Brookhaven, N.Y.;
3 E. Stony Brook, 68 E. New-York, W. 303.
Droye, r. Prussia, which runs into the Pregel,
4 W. Insterburg.
Droylsden, X. Eng., in Lancashire; 3 Man
chester. Pop. 2,201.
Droyzig, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 6 SE. Stossen.
Pop. 600.
Druawar, r. Bohemia, which runs into the
Elbe, near Nimburg.
Drubek, X. Pru. Magdeburg ; 4 W. Wernige-
rode. Pop. 598.
Druckebach, r. Bavaria, which runs into the
Inn, 3 miles below Kuffstein.
Drucz, r. Poland, which runs into the Dnie
per, at Rogatchev.
Drue, t. Africa, on the Grain coast, famous
for pepper; 60 NW. Cape Palmas.
Druent, X. Piedmont; 4 SW. Turin.
Druentia, now Durance.
Drugagunge, X. Hind., in Oude, on the left
bank of the Dewah, opposite Fyzabad.
Druia, X. Rus. Wilna ; 16 NE. Braslaw.
Druia, X. Russia, in Polotsk, on the Dwina;
50 NW. Polotsk, 260 SSW. Petersburg. P. 1,100.
Drain, X. Africa, on the Ivory coast, at the
mouth of the river St. Andre.
Drum, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 3 S. Ley-
pa. H. 87.
Drum Mountains, mountains, Ireland, in Wa
terford ; 3 SW, Dungarvan.

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Drum Point, cape on the coast of Maryland,
at the mouth of the Patuxent. Lon. 76. 33.W.
Lat. 33. 22. N.
Drama, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
Sea, at Mombaca.
Drummaaoo Bay, bay on W. coast of the
Scotch island of Arran. Lon. 5. 16. W. Lat.
55. 34. N.
Drummond, v. Scot, in Ross-shire, on the road
from Dingwall to Navar Ann.
Drummond's Island, isl. Upper Canada, at the
entrance of St. Mary's river into lake Huron.
It is fortified by the English, and is a depot of
their Indian trade.
Drummondtown, p-t. fa cap, Accomac co.Va. ;
about 25 S. Snowhill, Md., W. 215. It contains
a court house, a jail, and about 30 houses.
Bruno, now Drome.
Drunen, X. N.. Brabant; 15 ENE. Breda.
Pop. 1,000.
Druryd, r. N. Wales, which runs into the sea.
about 2 NNW. Harlech.
Drusenheim, X. France, in Lower Rhine, on
theMotter; 15 NE. Strasburg. Pop. 953.
Druses, a free and warlike race of people of
Syria, inhabiting the Castraven mountains, Le
banon and Anti-Lebanon, and all the coast
from Gibail to Saida, and as far east as Balbec
Sq. m. about 1,150. Pop. variously estimated
at 70,000, 120,000, and 160,000; 20,000, or
40,000 able to bear arms. The origin of the
Druses is traced to a persecution and dispersion
that took place about the beginning ofthe 11th
century, among the followers of . Mahomet.
They are divided into a number of religious
sects, some of which hold very peculiar opin
ions. One class assume the epithet of Okkals,
i. e. Spiritualists. The people generally appear
wholly indifferent to religion, following the
Mahometans or Maronites in their devotions,
as they find it convenient. Their language is
pure Arabic. Their chief occupation is agricul
ture. They are robust, hardy, patient of fatigue,
hunger, and cold, fierce, restless, and en
terprising ; in war brave to temerity, but undi-
ciplined. Their government is of a mixed na
ture; their chief men are styled sheiks or
emirs; the sovereign, the grand emir, whose
residence is at Dair al Kamar. Bairout is the
emporium of their trade.
Druswer, X. Rus. Wilna ; 14 W. Braslaw.
Drulen, X. Neth., in Guelderland ; 8 WNW.
Nimeguen. Pop. 1,000.
Drutisckhen, X. Prussia, Gumbinnen, on the
Rominte ; 4 SSE. Gumbinnen.
Dmtz, r. Russia, which runs into the Dnie
per, at Rogatchev, in Mogilev.
Druyn, or Drevin Petri, or Grand Drevin, X.
Africa, on the Ivory coast, at the mouth of the
river St. Andre. Lon. 4. 5. W. Lat. 5. N.
Druiskidwar, X. Rus. Wilna; 8 NE. Braslaw.
Druye, X. France, in Yonne ; 16 S. Auxerre.
Dry Creek, p-v. .Campbell co. Ken.; 90
Frankfort, W. 512.
Dry Harbour, bay on N. coast of Jamaica
Lon. 7.. 16. W. Lat. 18. 30. N.
Dry Ridge, p-v. Pendleton co. Ken. ; W. 605
Dryburg, x. Pru. Minden ; 7 ENE. Pader-"
born, Lon. 9. 7. E. Lat. 51. .43. N. Pop
1,446. *'
Vol. f. - fi«

Dryden, p-t. Tomkins co. N. Y. ; 37 S. Au
burn, 170 W. Albany, W. 377. Fop. in 1810,
1,890; in 1820, 3,951.
Drygallen, X. Pru. Gumbinnen ; 24 SW. O-
letzko. Dryswiaty, X. Rus. Wilna; 16 SW. Braslaw.
Drzewickze, X. Poland, in Sandomirz; 24
WNW. Sandomirz. H. 102.
Drzewohostice, see Debrowhosliz.
Dsanpoo, see Sdnpoo.
Dsarin, lake, Thibet; about 12 leagues in
circumference. Lat. 32. 10. N.
Dsatchou, or Tsatchou, or Saichou, r. Asia,
which rises in Thibet, and passes into the Chi
nese province of Yun-nan, where it changes its
name to Lan-tsan; after crossing the province
of Yun-nan, it takes the name of Kiou-long,
Dschaabar, see Kalaat Giabar.
Dsedsi, X. Japan, in Niphon, with a large
castle. Dseptong, or Septong, X. Thibet; 21 SE.
Chanmanning, 24 WNW. Rimbou.
Dsjabbe Tar, small island of Arabia, in the
Red sea; about 40 WSW. Loheia. Lon. 41.
35. E. Lat. 15. 32. N.
Dsjabbel, small isl. in the Red sea ; about 24
miles from the coast of Arabia. Lon. 43. 34.
E. Lat. 14. 4. N.
Dsjali, X. Arabia ; 24 SE. Loheia.
Dsjar, s^p. Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 67 SW. Me
dina. Lat. 33. 36. N. It is situated on the
side of a mountain near the Red sea, with a
harbour, spacious and deep, surrounded by
sharp rocks. Instead of using anchors, the
ships' cables are fastened on land. This place
is by some supposed to be the Eziongeber men
tioned in scripture.
Dsjebi, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 56 E. Hodeida.
Lon. 43. 40. E. Lat 14. 44. N. It is sur
rounded with a wall, and is the residence of a
dola. Dsjelledi, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 24 ESE.
Chamir. Dsjennad, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 12 E. Tails.
Dsjes, see Kislvme.
Dsjezan, see Ghezan.
Dsjismum, see Sabba R£s.
Dsjimo, or Tsimo, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 10
NW. Morisa.
Dsjisme, see Kishme.
Dsjiri, see Siri.
Dsjise, see Gizeh.
Dsjob al Ala, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 40 SW.
Sana. Dsjobla, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 22 N. Tads,
60 NE. Mocha. H. 600. It was formerly a
place of some celebrity. The houses are high
and well built, and the streets paved.
Dsjofi pr. Arabia, E. Yemen, and N. Hadra-
maut, chiefly inhabited by Bedouin Arabs. The
principal town is Mareb.
Dsoukioag, lake, Thibet; about 45 miles in
circumference. Lat. 30. 30. N.
Dua, X. Hind., in Ellore ; 29 E. Ellore.
Duabos, (Los,) X. Cuba ; 36 E. Villa del Prin
cipe. Duanesburg, p-t. Schenectady co. N. Y. ; 23
NW. Albany, W. 376. Pop. 3,510.
Duara, fortress, Dalmatia ; 20 ENE. Spala
tro. Lon. 15. 50. E. Lat. 43. 23. N.

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522

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Duarze, r. Spain, in the province of Guipus
coa, which runs into Orio, at Tolosa.
Duault-Quelin, X. France, in North Coasts;
9 NW. Rostrenen.
Dubally, X. Bengal ; 5 NE. Purneah.
Dubarro, r. S. A. in New Grenada, which
flows into the Orinoco.
Dubary, X. Bengal ; 7 SSW. Rangamatty.
Dubba Fettee, one of the branches of the In
dus, which runs into the sea, 12 N. of the Rit-
chel. Dubbila,X. Africa, in Kaarta; 112 E. Kem-
moo. Dubcheskiaia, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the
Enisei; 164 NNE. Eniseisk.
Dubdu, X. Africa, in Fez ; 80 E. Fez. Lon. 3.
15. W. Lat. 34. N. It was at one time an inde
pendent state, and governed by a prince who
took the title of king.
Duben, X. Pru. Merseburg, on the Mulda ; 18
NNE. Leipsic. Lon. 12. 35. E. Lat. 51. 25. N.
Pop. 2,208.
Debeninken, X. Prus. Lithuania ; 4 E. Goldapp.
Dubenow, X. Courland ; 20 SE. Seelburg.
Dubhoi, X. Guzerat; 15 SE. Brodera.
Dubice, X. Rus. Wilna ; 20 WNW. Lida.
Dubiecz, X. Aust. Galicia ; 52 W. Lemberg.
Dubinky, X. Rus. Wilna ; 24 N. Wilna.
Dubienka, X. Poland, in Lublin, on the Bug;
20 ESE. Chelm. Pop. 900.
Dubis, now Doubs.
Dubitza, for Dubicza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bos
nia, on the Unna, opposite the town in Croatia
of the same name. Pop. 6,000.
Dubiza, or Dubicza, X. Aust. Croatia, on the
Unna, opposite the preceding; 11 NE. Land-
strass. Pop. 1,600.
Dubki, X. Russia, in Petersburg, on the gulf
of Finland; 16 NNW. Petersburg.
Dublin, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 12 ESE.
Keene, 47 SW. Concord, W. 458. Pop. 1,260.
II lies on N. side of Grand Monadnock, and
joins upon Jaffrey.
Dublin, X. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 632.
Dublin, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 713.
Dublin, p-t. fa cap. Laurens co. Georgia, on
SW. branch of the Oconee ; 45 S. Milledgeville,
W. 720. Pop. 165. It contains a court house
and a jail.
Dublin, (Lower,) X. Philadelphia co. on the
Delaware; 10 N. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,640.
Here is an academy.
Dublin, (Upper,) X. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,259. Dublin, p-t. Franklin co. Ohio ; 12 Colum
bus, W. 430.
Dublin, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Meath,
E. by the Irish sea, S. by Wicklow, W. by
Meath and Kildare ; 25 m.in extent from N.to
S. and from 9 to 16 broad. Pop. estimated at
210,000. Sq. m. 355, acres 228, 211. It contain
ed in 1790, 25,510 houses, and 107 parishes, 19
of which are in the city of Dublin. This coun
try is in general flat, except towards the S.
where it is mountainous and rocky ; towards
the sea it is broken into bays and creeks, with
several places of resort for sea-bathing. Five
members are returned to parliament. Dublin
is the capital, and the chief river is- the Liffey.
Dublin, (an Eblana,) city fa capital of Ire

land ; 60 W. Holyhead, in Wales, 330 WNW.
London. Lon. 6. 19. W. Lat. 63. 21. N. Pop.
187,939. H. 16,458. Abp. see.
It is situated at the bottom of a spacious bay,
7 miles from the sea, on the river Litt'ey, nearly
in the centre of the county to which it gives
name ; extending about 2 miles each way. The
river Liffey is crossed by 6 stone bridges ; the
sides are embanked with spacious quays, so
that vessels can load and unload before the
houses of the merchants. The bay is about 7
miles broad, and unsafe in stormy weather;
but the channel is confined for 3 miles on each
side by a broad stone wall, for the protection'
of ships in the road. Vessels which draw more
than 7 feet cannot come up to the quay. The
entrance into the harbour is thought to be one
of the most beautiful in Europe. The com
merce of the city is extensive. The amount of
import duties paid at the custom house,in 1817,
was £945,000; of all other ports in Ireland
£1,143,000. There is scarcely any city in Europe, which,
in proportion to its size, abounds more in mag
nificent and useful buildings, and charitable
institutions. It contains 2 cathedrals, 19 par
ish churches, besides several chapels of the
established religion, about 28 Catholic chapels,
2 meeting houses of the church of Scotland, 7
of other dissenters, 4 of Methodists, 2 of Qua
kers, 1 Lutheran, and 1 French Calvinist. The
houses, with the exception of the principal pub
lic edifices, are generally of brick, from 3 to 5
stories high.
The university was projected in 1311, but
did not flourish till the reign of Queen Eliza
beth. It consists of a chancellor, a vice-chan
cellor, provost, vice-provost, 22 fellows, and 5
royal professorships, of divinity, common law,
civil law, physic, and Greek ; besides these, 3
others were founded by sir Patrick Dun, of
physic, chirurgery, and pharmacy ; there are
likewise professorships of mathematics, oriental
languages, oratory, history, and natural philo
sophy. The library contains 68,946 volumes.
The number of students attending Sept. 1818,
was 1,209; and in 1820, about 1,500. The
building is noble and spacious, and consists of
two quadrangles, and presents a grand front of
300 feet, and extends in depth 600 feet. Grad
uates and students in any one of the three uni
versities, Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, are,
by established usage, admitted ad eundem in
either of the other two. On a rocky hill about
4 miles west of the city there is an observato
ry. The Dublin Society, incorporated in 1742,
a national institution for promoting agriculture,
manufactures, and the fine arts, consists of 700
members, and has an extensive libraiy, a large
cabinet of minerals, collections in sculpture, he.
The castle, originally a strong fortification,
completed in 1213, now the government house, ,
consists chiefly of 2 squares. The custom house
is a most magnificent structure, in front 375
feet by 209, finished in 1790, at the expense of
£255,000. The parliament house, the royal ex
change, and the courts of justice, are magnifi
cent buildings. Other public buildings of note
are the linen-hall, the barracks, the theatreyfhe
tollsell or town-house, hospitals for invalids,

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for the children of soldiers and sailors, and for
the reception ofthe aged and infirm ; for lying-
in women, for the blind, fac. — The royal col
lege of physicians was established in the year
1679 ; the royal college of surgeons, in the
year 1785; the academy for the advancement
of science, polite literature, and antiquities, in
1786. Three members arc returned to the im
perial parliament, 2 for the city, and 1 for the
university .-Natives, Usher, Denham, Swift,Par-
nel, Cunningham, Steele, and Sheridan.
Dubno, X. Rus., in Volhynia, on the Irwa ; 24
SSE Lucko. Pop. 6,600. H. 1,130. A large
part of the inhabitants are Jews, who carry on
a considerable trade in cattle, wood, and pro
duce. The great annual market of Poland,
called the contract, was for a time held here
instead of at Lemberg.
Duboda, X. Guzerat ; 25 NE. Amedabad.
Duboja, X. Rus. Grodno ; 10 WSW. Brzesc.
Duboi, X. Hind., in Guzerat, district of Cham-
panur. Lon. 73. 35. E. Lat. 22. 4. N. Here are
the remains of a university.
DubSis, see Lake ofthe Woods.
Dubois, co. Indiana. Pop. 1,168. Chief town,
Fortersville. Dubonee, X. Bengal ; 50 N. Dinagepour.
Dubovka, t. Russia, in Saratov, on W. side of
the Volga ; 60 S. Kamischin.
Dubovka, fort, Russian Tartary, in Caucasus,
on the Malwa ; 12 W. Kizliar.
Dubowally, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 25 W. Arrah.
Dubrajepour, X. Bengal; 10 SSE. Nagore.
Lon. 87. 27. E. Lat. 23. 47. N.
Dubravilz, X. Moldavia ; 36 NW. Galatz.
Dubris, now Dover.
Dubrouna, t. Eu. Russia, in Mohilev, on the
Dnieper ; 60 N. Mohilev. Pop. 2,400.
Dubrowa, X. Rus. Wilna; 74 ESE. Wilna.
Duarowica, X. Rus. Grodno ; 46 SE. Brzesc.
Dubrucal, X. Bukowina, on the Pruth ; 12 W.
Czernaucii. Dubuque's Lead Mines, rich mines, N. A., be
longing to the Fox Indians. See Fox Indians.
Duca, X. Naples, in Bari ; 6 NW. Bari.
Ducades, X. Albania ; 10 SE. Valona.
Duce, or Ducay, X. France, in Channel ; 5
SSE. Avranches. Pop. 1,611.
Duchene, r. Canada, which runs into the St.
Lawrence, Lon. 71. 54. W. Lat. 46. 45. N.
Duchenparah, X. Cashmere, capital of a dis
trict, at the foot of mountains which divide
Cashmere from Thibet. Lon. 74. 58. E. Lat
34. 51. N.
Duchessa, (La,) X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra :
11 SSW. Aquila.
Duchovtschina, X. Russia, Smolenskce ; 24 N.
Smolensk, 300 SSE. Petersburg.
Dude's Island, small, barren, and uninhabited
island, in the Southern ocean. Lon. 154. 27. W
Lat. 24. 40. S.
Duck, r. Tennessee, which rises in Franklin
co., and flows W. by N. through Bedford, Mau
ry, Hickman, and Humphreys cos., and on W.
side of the last joins the Tennessee, about 80
W. Nashville. It is navigable for boats 90 miles.
Duck Creek, see Smyrna.-
Duck Creek, hundred, in N. side of Kent co.
Delaware. Pop. 3,951.
Duck Creek, r. Del., which runs into Dela
ware bay, Lon. 77. 34. W. Lat. 39. 25: N.

Duck Creek, (Little,) r. Del., which runs into
Delaware bay, Lon. 75. 20. W. Lat. 39. 20. N.
Duck Creek, r. Ohio, which flows into the
Ohio, 1 mile above Marietta.
Duck Islands, two small islands in the Atlan
tic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 64. 4. W.
Lat. 44. 10. N.
Duck Island, small island, near the coast of
Maine. Lon. 67. 43. W. Lat. 44. 45. N. Pop. 18.
Duck Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 108. 30.
W. Lat. 54. 50. N.
Duckinfield, X. Er.g., Cheshire ; 6 NE. Stock
port. Pop. 3,053.
Duckinsech, X. Tipera; 30 SSE. Commillah.
Duckque, X. Thibet; 12 NW. Jhansa Jeung.
Ducles, t. France, Lower Seine ; 10 WSW.
Rouen. Pop. 1,587.
Duclos Bay, bay of the straits of Magellan,
on the coast of Patagonia; 30 S. Elizabeth's
island. Ducras, small island, near S. coast of Cuba
Lon. 78. 3. W. Lat. 20. 28. N.
Ducullus,X. Bengal; 25 W. Silhet.
Dud, X. Africa, in Mazambique, where the
king resides.
Duda, X. Rus., in Wilna ; 28 ENIi. Lida.
Dudagam, X. Hind. Dowlatabad ; 8 S. Neer
mul. Dudawanum, X. Hind., in Tinevelly; 26 S.
Palamcotta. Dudden, r. Eng. in Lancashire, which runs
into the Irish sea, 3 S. Dalton.
Duddunmow, X. Hind., in Oude ; 15 W. Kai
rabad. Dudeldorf or Dinerof X. Pru. Treves ; 8 N.
Treves, 21 NE. Luxemburg. Pop. 467.
Duden, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 10 N.
Satalia. Duden, (an. Calaracles,) r. A. Turkey, which
runs into the sea, near Satalia.
Dudenhofen,X. Hesse; 7 S. Hanau. Pop. 1,200.
Duderstadt, X. Hanover, in Gottingen, for
merly in Eichsfeld; 14 ENE. Gottingen, 46
NW. Erfurt. Lon. 10. 15. E. Lat. 51. 35. N.
Pop. 4,071. H. 464. The principal trade is in
beer and tobacco.
Dudgullow, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 15 S. Cos-
si mcotta. Dudingston, v. fa parish, Scot., in Edinburgh
shire, at the foot of Arthur's Seat.
Dudje, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 25 W. Boli.
Dudley, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 19 S. by
W. Worcester, 35 NW. Providence, 50 E. by S.
Springfield, 50 ENE. Hartford, 55 WSW. Bos
ton, W. 380. Pop. in 1810, 1,226 ; in 1820, 1,615.
In the central part on an eminence there is
a pleasant village, containing a Congregational
meeting house, an academy, and about thirty
houses. The academy, called Nichols Acade
my from its founder, is a large and handsome
building. It is under the direction of the Uni-
versalists, who meet for public worship in the
chapel. Dudley is watered by the Quinibaug
and French river, and contains 2 woollen and
5 cotton manufactories. One of the latter is a
large establishment, at the east end of the town,
in a village lying partly in Dudley and partly
in Oxford. r '
Dudley Island, isl. in Passamaquoddy bay
Maine, belonging to Eastport.

DUG

524

DUK

Dudley, X. Eng., in Worcestershire, but insu
lated in Staffordshire, with a weekly market on
Saturday; 9 W. Birmingham, 118 NW. Lon
don. Lon. 1.58.W. Lat.52.31.N, Pop. 13,925.
It is a flourishing, well built town, has two
churches, a well endowed grammar school, and
manufactures of iron nails, glass, and fire irons.
The neighbourhood abounds in coal, ironstone,
and limestone. Here are grand ruins of a castle,
built about the year 700, on a lofty hill, com
manding a beautiful and extensive prospect.
Dudost, X. Walachia ; 10 ESE. Bucharest.
Dudowly, t Hind.-, in Benares ; 7 WSW. Be
nares. Dudypalla, see Doodypulla.
Due Castelli, t, Italy, on the Molinella ; 5 NE.
Mantua. An obstinate battle was fought here
in September 1796, between a detachment of
the Austrians, from the city of Mantua, and the
French ; the latter remained masters ofthe field.
Due Castelli, X. Istria ; 12 SE. Pedena.
Due Torre, X. Naples, in Bari ; 6 SSW. Bari.
Ducgna's, or Duennas, X. Spain, in Leon, on
the Pisuerga ; 9 S. Palencia.
Dueren, or Duren, t. Pru. Lower Rhine, ca
pital of a circle, in Aix la Chapelle, on the
Roer; 15 E. Aix la Chapelle, 7 SSE. Juliers.
Lon. 6. 23. E. Lat. 50. 49. N. Pop. 3,489. It
is a place of some trade, and has a manufacture
of cloth and hard ware.
Duero, or Douero, or Douro, (an. Durius,) r.
which rises near Agreda in Spain, and taking
its course W. passes Osma, Aranda de Duero,
Toro, Zamora, fac. in Spain ; reaching the
borders of Portugal, itpassesby Miranda, when,
taking a direction SW. it separates Tra-los-
Montes from Spain, till a little below Espada-
centa, it again takes a W. course across the
kingdom of Portugal, having Tra-los-Montes
and Entre-Duero-e-Minho N. and Beira S., and
discharges its waters into the Atlantic, a little
below Oporto.
Duerozhof X. Carniola; 4 E. Gurckfield.
Duesme, t. France, in Cote-d'Or ; 10 W. Cha
tillon sur Seine.
Duff's Group, range of islands in the Pacific
ocean, discovered and so named, in 1767, by
Capt. Wilson, of the Duff missionary ship : the
largest of the group he called Disappointment
island. They are about 11 in number, lying in
a direction SE. and NW., 14 or 15 miles. In
the middle are two larger islands, about 6 miles
in circ. The natives are stout and well made,
with copper-coloured complexions. Lon. 167.
E. Lat. 9. 57. S.
Duff's Mountains, see Gambler's Islands.
. Duff's Reef, shoal among the Feejee islands,
in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 80. 44. E. Lat.
13. 30. S.
Duffel, X. Neth., in Antwerp; 4 S. Liere.
Pop. 2,831.
Duffhorn, v. principality of Luneburg, with
a medicinal spring ; 3 S. Walsrode.
Dufwe, see Doeve.
Dugalhatty, X. Bengal ; 8 SW. Nogong.
Dugaworee, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 24 SW.
Ruttunpour. Dugdomoni, the western branch of the Octa-
hoola, Louisiana.
Dugendorf t. Bavaria ; 2 N. Schweinfurt.

Dugga, or Tugga, (an. Thugga,) t. Tunis; 70
SSW. Tunis. Here are considerable ruins, with
some Roman inscriptions.
Duginskoi, cape, Russian Siberia, in the sea
of Ochotskoi. Lon. 149. 14. E. Lat. 59. 15. N.
Dugny, X. France, in Meuse ; 3 S. Verdun.
Dugny, v.France; 6 NNE. Paris.
Dugong, X. Hind., in Oude ; 26 WSW. Fy
zabad. Duham, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau; 20 WSW.
Jung Buntzlau.
Duhokunda, X. Africa, in Jemarrow.
Duida, X. Africa, in Bornou. Lon. 25. 50. E.
Lat. 18. 4. N.
Duidac, X. Cochin-china, near the sea. Lon.
10S. 45. E. Lat. 14. 15. N.
Duin, or Duino, or Tybeid, s-p. Carniola, in
the gulf of Trieste ; 8 NW. Trieste, 174 SSW.
Vienna. Lon. 13. 37. E. Lat. 45. 53. N.
Duind, or Duna, see Dwina.
Duingen, or Duin, or Dudingen, X. Hanover,
in Calenberg ; 18 SE. Hameln. Pop. 843.
Duisburg, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in
Cleves, situated near E. bank of the Rhine,
called by the Romans Teutobergium, formerly
imperial and Hanseatic; 14 N. Dusseldorf,
29 SE. Cleves. Lon. 6. 46. E. Lat. 51. 26. N.
Pop. 4,017. It contains 2 churches, 3 convents.
It is a staple for iron manufactures and cloth.
A Calvinist university was founded here in 1655,
but in 1806, it was removed to Dusseldorf; but
no longer holds the rank of a university.
Duitama, X. New-Grenada, in Tunja, on a
beautiful plain, between Paipa and Santa Rosa.
In the time of the Indians, it was a large city,
but is now a mean village.
Duitz, or Duytz, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
on E. side of the Rhine, opposite Cologne;
chiefly inhabited by Jews. Pop. 2,000.
Dukana, r. Siberia, which, united with the
Ancha, forms the Juna.
Duke's County, co. Mass. It comprises Martha's
Vineyard and the Elizabeth islands. Pop. in
1810, 3,290 ; in 1820, 3,292. Chief town, Ed-
gartown. Duke's Town, X. Africa, in Calbari. Lon. 8.
5. E. Lat. 5. 27. N.
Duke of Clarence's Strait, channel on E. coast
of N. America, bounded E. by the duke of
York's islands, part of the continent, and the
isles of Gravina.
Duke of Gloucester's Islands, two small islands
in the S. Pacific ocean. They lie WNW. and
ESE., one in Lon. 146. W. Lat. 20. 38. S. ; the
other Lon. 146. 15.W. Lat. 20. 34. S. They
are covered with trees, but seem to be uninha
bited. Duke of York's Island, isl. in St. George's
channel, between New Britain and New Ire
land, in the Pacific ocean, between Cape Pal-
liter and Cape Stevens. The land is level, and
has a delightful appearance. Inland it is co
vered with lofty woods, and near the water
side are the houses of thenatives, which stand
not far from each other among groves of cocoa-
nut trees, so that the whole forms a prospfect
the most beautiful and romantic that can be
imagined. Lon. 151. 20. E. Lat. 4. 9. S.
Duke of York's Island, island in the Pacific
ocean, about 30 miles in circ, low, and cover-

DUL

525

DUM

edwith wood. In the centre ofthe island is a
large lake, and a dreadful surf breaks upon al
most every part of the coast. Lon. 187. 30. E.
Lat. 7. 56. S.
Duke of York's Island, isl. or a group of isl
ands in the N. Pacific ocean, near the coast of
America ; extending about 46 miles in length,
from NW. to SE. and from 10 to 24 broad.
Lon. 227. 15. to 228. 15. E. Lat. 55. 50. to 56.
34. N.
Duki, X. Persia, in Mecran ; 160 S. Arokhage.
Dukka, or Dooky, t. Candahar, on the Ka
meh ; 34 NNW. Paishawur.
Dukkajeung, fortress, Bootan; 21 WSW.
Tassasudon. Dukla, X. Aust. Galicia ; 60 SSW. Sandomirz.
Dukova, X. Rus. Minsk ; 16 SE. Minsk.
Dulabarry, X. Bengal ; 55 S. Dinagepour.
Dulag, X. on E. coast of Leyta. Lon. 125. 2.
E. Lat. 10. 57. N.
Dulan, X. on E. coast of the island of Panay.
Lon. 122. 39. E. Lat. 11. 25. N.
Dulas, r. Wales, in the county of Caermar
then, which runs into the Bristol channel, 4
SE. Kidwelly.
Dulas, r. Wales, in Caermarthen, which runs
into the Towy, about 1| SSW. Langadok.
Dulas, r. Wales, in Brecknock, which runs
into the Wye, near Hay.
Dulas, r. Wales, in the county of Radnor,
which runs into the Ithon, near Llanbeder.
Dulas,"r. Wales, in the county of Montgom
ery, which runs into the Severn, near Llanidlos.
Dulas, r. Wales, in the county of Montgom
ery, which runs into the Severn, near Newton.
Dulas, t. N. Wales, in the island of Anglesea,
which runs into the Irish sea, forming a bay
and harbour at its mouth, with a village of the
same name ; 10 NW. Beaumaris.
Dulashe, r. S.' Wales, in the county of Caer
marthen, which runs into the Towy, 7 miles
above Caermarthen.
Dulce, i. Tucuman, which flows by St. Jago
del Estero, and runs into the lake of Los Po-
rongos. Dulce Gulf, broad rivier or estuary, which
runs into the Spanish main, from the coast of
Costa Rica. Lon. 84. 16. W. Lat. 8. 33. N.
Dulce Gulf, or Laguna de Guatimala, r. which
runs from the province of Guatimala into the
bay of Honduras, Eon. 89. 50. W. Lat. 15. 18. N.
Dulcigno, (an. Olcinium,) X. Eu. Turkey, in
Albania, On the coast of the Adriatic ; 15 SW.
Scutari. Lon. 18. 56. E. Lat. 42. 23. N. Pop.
6, or 7,000. The inhabitants, called Dulcignot-
ti, are noted for piracy.
Duleek, v. Ireland, in Meath, formerly a place
of note, and the see of a bishop, but now a
poor mean place ; 6 SSW. Drogheda.
Duleeapour, X. Bengal ; 38 SE. Calcutta.
Dulef l. Sweden, which runs into the gulf
of Bothnia ; 10 SE. Gefle.
Dulelpour, t. Bengal ; 44 NE. Dacca.
Dulgumuha, t. Morocco ; 45 S. Morocco.
Dulken, or Dulcken, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-
Berg, in Cleves ; 20 NNW. Juliers. Pop. 3,547.
Dulmen, or Dulman, X. Pru. Westphalia, in
Munster, capital of a lordship ; 13 SW, Mun
ster. Lon. 7. 26. E. Lat. 51. 50. N. Pop. 1,684.
Pop. of the lordship, 9,533. Sq. m. 1 16,

Dulowny, t. Hind., Oude ; 30 SE. Kairabad.
Dulsingserra, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 33 E. Ha-
jypour. Lon. 86. E. Lat. 25. 39. N. -
Dulverlon, X. Eng., in Somerset, on E. side of
the river Ex, which separates the county of
Somerset from that of Devon, with a market -
on Saturday; 27 W. Bridgewater, 164 W. Lon
don. Lon. 3. 41. W. Lat. 51. 1. N. Pop. 1,035.
Dulupin, one of the smaller Philippine isl
ands, nearW. coast of Samar. Lon. 124. 13. E.
Lat. 13. 34. N.
Dulwich, v. Eng., in Surry, on the borders of
Kent, with a mineral spring, called Sydenham
Wells; and noted for a college founded by
William Allen, a comedian, in the year 1619,
called TAe College of God's Gift; 5 SE. London.
Dulya, X. Bengal ; 72 S. Dacca.
Dum, X. Bengal ; 30 N. Dinagepour.
Duma, r. Ger., which runs into the Wipper,
near Duma.
Duma, t. Pru. Dusseldorf, on a river of the
same name, which soon after runs into the
Wipper ; 14 SSE. Dusseldorf.
Dumuring,X. Borneo, on E. coast. Lon. 118.
E. Lat. 1.40. N. '
Dumandy, X. Bengal ; 25 N. Ramgur.
Dumbally, X. Bengal ; 5 NE. Purneah.
Dumbarton, or Lenox, co. Scotland, bounded
N. by the counties of Argyle and Perth, E. by
the counties of Perth and Stirling, S. by Lan-
erkshire and Renfrewshire, and W. by Argyle
shire, from which it is, for the most part, divid
ed by Loch Long, in the form of a crescent, the
horns lying N. and S. and the concave side to
the E. ; about 45 miles in length, and from 6
to 15 in breadth. The eastern part is fertile in
corn, the other parts feed great flocks of sheep;
but the principal riches arise from the fisheries
in the lochs in and about its coasts ; Loch Lo
mond, Loch Long, and Loch Garte are the chief;
the principal town is Dumbarton. Pop. 24,189.
Dumbarton, X. Scot, and capital of Dumbar
tonshire, on N. coast of the Clyde, at the mouth
of the Leven ; 8 NW. Paisley, 13 W. Glasgow.
Lon. 4. 26. W. Lat. 55. 58. N. Pop. 2,970. It
is ancient, consisting chiefly of one street, well
paved, and has a castle situated on a lofty pre
cipitous rock. The principal manufacture is
crown glass, for which about 300 workmen are
employed. The government duties on the glass
manufactured here in the year ending July 5,
1818, amounted to £119,000. About 2,000 tons
,of shipping belong to the port.
Dumblane, X. Scot, in Perth, formerly bp. see -.
part of the cathedral, which yet remains, serves
for a parish church; 6 N. Stirling, 27 SW. Perth.
Lon. 3. 59. W. Lat. 56. 12. N. Pop. 2,733.
Dumbica, X. Poland, in Sandomirz; 36 S.
Sandomirz. Dumboo, t. Africa, in Bornou, on a lake of
the same name ; 170 NNW. Bornou. Lon. 21.
30. E. Lat. 22. N.
Dumboo, (an. Chelidonus Palus,) salt lake,
Africa, in Bornou, a little E. Dumboo.
Dumbrowitza, r. which rises in Transylvania,
flows through Walachia, passing by Bucharest,
and runs into the Danube, about 30 miles above
Silistria. Dumdah, X. Hind., in the Ruttunpour coun
try; 66 SW. Ruttunpour, 1 12 E! Nagpour. Lon
81.51. E. Lat, 21.27. N.

DUM

52G

DUN-'

Dumeidsj, X. Arabia, in Yemen; 36 NNE.
Chamir. Dumfries, p-t port of entry, fa cap. Prince
William co. Va., on the Quantico, which falls
into the Potomac, 3 miles below (he town ; 33
S. Washington, 90 N. Richmond. Lon. 77. 28.
W. Lat. 38. 40. N. It contains a court bouse,
a jail, a meeting house, a large warehouse, and
about 250 buildings ; and has some trade. The
Quantico is navigable as far as to the town for
boats of 20 tons. At the mouth of the river
there is a very handsome and excellent har
bour. The shipping owned here, in 1816,
amounted to 1,956 tons.
Dumfries, co. Scotland, bounded N. by the
counties of Lanerk, Peebles, and Selkirk ; E.
by Roxburghshire ; S. by the frith of Solway,
which divides it from England, and the county
of Kirkcudbright; and W. by Ayrshire. The
country is generally mountainous, with some
fertile valleys on the sides ot the rivers called
Nitlisdale, or Niddisdale, Annandale, and Esk-
dalc; about 50 miles in length, and from 10 to
30 broad. Sq. m. 1,033. Pop. 62,960. Families,
12,964 ; 3,802 engaged in agriculture ; 4,435 in
trade and manufactures ; 4,657 otherwise. The
principal towns are Dumfries and Annan. .
Dumfries, (an. Demerosesa,) X. Scot, capital
of the county, situated on an eminence near
the river Nith ; 21 NE. Kircudbright, 53 SSW.
Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 37. W. Lat. 55. 9. N. Pop.
9,262. It is beautifully situated on rising ground,
9 miles from the influx ofthe Nith into Solway
frith. It contains 8 houses of public wor
ship, a hospital, an infirmary and lunatic
asylum, a court-house, and a town-house; and
has manufactures of hats, stockings, beer, and
leather. Vessels of 150 tons come up to the
town. Dummar, t. Syria ; 4 W. Damascus.
Dumme, r. Ger., which runs into the Jetze, al
Wustro. Dummer, fort, in Chesterfield, N. H. on the
Connecticut. Dummer, X. Coos co. N. H., 19 NE. Lancaster.
Pop. 42.
Dummersee, lake, Hanover, between Hoya,
Diepholz, and Osnaburg; 3 m. long, and 2 broad.
Dummerston, p-t. Windham co. Vt. ; 31 E.
Bennington ; 5 N. Brattleborough, W. 431. Pop.
1,658. Dummooda, r. Hind., which runs into the
Hoogly, 28 below Calcutta.
Dummoul,X. Hind., Bahar; 22 SSE. Bahar.
Dumna, t. Bengal ; 7 E. Ghidore.
Dumna, now Skye.
Dumnagur, X. Guzerat ; 48 W. Gogo.
Dumnah, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 50 SE. Bahar.
Dumpalis, X. Celebes, on W. coast, on a bay
ofthe same name, which abounds in grain and
roots. Dumrah, X. Bengal ; 52 N. Ramgur.
Dumree, X. Bengal ; 10 SSE. Ghidore.
Dumrea, X. Bengal ; 20 SSE. Calcutta.
Dumroy, X. Bengal ; 15 NW. Dacca.
Dumroy, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 75 SW. Patna.
Lon. 84, 52. E. Lat. 24. 30. N.
Dumroy, t. Hind., in Bahar; 27 W. Boujepour.
Lon. 84. 21. E. Lat. 25. 33. N.
Dumrya, X. Bengal ; 35 NNW. Purneah.

Dumurbarry, X. Bengal ; 12W.Koonda.
Dun, X. France, in Meuse ; 6 S. Stenay, 15
NNW. Verdun. Pop. 988.
Dun le Roy, X. France, and seat of a tribunal,
in Cher, on the Auron ; 14 SSE. Bourges, 15 W.
Saiicois. Pop. 2,710.
Dun Palleleau, t. France, in Creuse; 12 NW.
Gueret. Pop. 520.
Duna;r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 15.25. S.
Dana, see Dwina.
Dunaburg, X. Russia, in Witepsk, on the Dwina ;
8 WNW. Polotsk, 266 SSW. St. Petersburg.
Lon. 26. 14. E. Lat, 56. 5. N. Pop. 218.
Dunamond, or Dunumunde, X. Russia, in Riga,
at the mouth of the Dwina ; 15 NW. Riga, 20
N. Mittau. Lon. 23. 40. E. Lat. 57. 5. N.
Dunan Point, cape on SW. coast of the island
of Skye. Lon. 6. 14. W. Lat. 57. 9. N.
Dunbar, X. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,895.
Dunbar, (an. Ledone,) s-p. 3cot, and a royal
burgh, in Haddington,atthe mouth ofthe Forth ;-
28 E. Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 32. W. Lat. 56. 1. N.
Pop. 3,965. The town is handsome, the houses
built with stone, and covered with slate ; it was
once surrounded with a wall, but that is now
decayed. On the opposite side of the harbour
are the remains of a castle, almost covered with
the sea, at high water. There are 18 ships be.
longing to the port.
Dunbarton, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H., on
W. side of the Merrimack, opposite" Chester;
8 S. Concord, 18 N. Amherst, 55. W. Ports
mouth. Pop. 1,450.
Dunbealh, r. Caithness, which runs into the
sea, 8 NE. from the Ord of Caithness.
Dunblane, see Dwmblane.
Dunboy Rock, rock, near E. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 1. 46. W. Lat. 57. 22. N.
Dunboyne, v. Ireland, in Meath ; 10 NW.
Dublin. Duncan's Bay, bay on N. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 77. 23. W. Lat. 18. 31. N.
Duncan's Canal, inlet, on S. coast of an island
in the N. Pacific ocean, near W. coast of N. A.
about 25 miles in length. Lon. of the entrance,
227. 11. E. Lat 56. 2.5. N.
Duncan's Passage, strait between the Great
and Little Andaman islands.
Duncan's Rook, rock in the Pacific ocean,
about a mile from Latouche's island.
Duncan's Sugarloaf island in the Mergui Ar
chipelago, of a triangular form, and about fi
miles in circ. near S. coast of the island of St.
Matthew. Lat. 9. 42. N.
Duncannon,t. h fort, Ireland, Waterford, onE.
coast of Waterford harbour ; 7 ESE. Waterford.
Pop. 465.
Duncansbonugh, X. Orleans co. Vt. ; 60 N.
Montpelier. Pop. 112.
Duncansby Head, cape, Scot, at NE. extremity
of Great Britain, in the county of Caithness,-
Lon. 3. 5. W. Lat. 58. 40. N.
Duncansville, p-v. Barnwell district, S. C;
136 Columbia, W. 623.
Duncombe Bay, bay on N. coast of Norfolk
Island, near W. extremity.
Duncora, X. Bengal ; 15 S. Purneah.
Duncore, X. Hind., Delhi ; 1 1 W. Secundara.
Duncote, t. Hind., Lahar; 45 ESE, Bettjah.

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DUN

Dunduff, p-t. Susquehanna eo. Pa. W. 299.
Danda Rajpour, or DundoA Rajipour, s-p.
Hind., in Bejapore, at the mouth of a river
which runs into the sea, with a good harbour ;
36 S. Bombay. Lon. 72. 48. E. Lat. 18. 26. N.
It belongs to the Siddees, who possess a small
district on the sea coast, and were formerly
more numerous and powerful than at present.
Dundalk, s-p. Ireland, in Louth, on a- bay of
the Irish sea; 39 N. Dublin. Lon. 6. 23. W.
Lat. 53. 69. N. Pop. about 15,000. It consists
principally of one wide street intersected by
many lanes, and has a good harbour. Manufac
tures of muslin and linen have been established
here, and are flourishing. It returns one mem
ber to parliament.
Dundapour, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 15 N. Dur-
bungah. Dundas' Island, island in the N. Pacific ocean,
about 15 miles long, and 4 broad. Lon. 229. 25.
E. Lat. 54. 30. N.
Dundee, s-p. Scot., in Angus, on a small river
on N. side of the frith of Tay ; 40 N. Edinburgh.
Lon. 3. ,2. W.- Lat. 56. 25. N. Pop. 30,989. The
town is large and contains many handsome
public buildings and private houses, yet it is far
from being elegant. The harbour is good, and
capable of receiving vessels of 300 tons. .About
154 vessels belonged to this port in 1818, whose
tonnage amounted to about 16,000 tons. The
principal manufacture is linen, which is exten
sive; also sugar, glass, sail-cloth, cordage, thread,
buckram, tanned leather, shoes, hats, fac.
Dundrahead, see Dondrahead.
Dundreggan, r. Scot., which runs into Loch
Ness, 6 N. Fort Augustus.
Dundrum, v. Ireland, Down ; 6 SW. Down-
patrick. Here are the ruins of a strong castle.
Dundukova, settlement, Russia, in Tobolsk ;
300 NNE. Turuchansk. Lon. 95. 14. E. Lat. 70.
16. N.
Dundumma, X. Bengal } 5 S. Rungpour.
Dunes, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 9 SE.
Agen. H. 480.
Dunfermline, t. Scot., in Fifeshire ; 17 NW.
Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 29. W. Lat. 56. 5 N. Pop.
11,649. It is an ancient town, irregularly built ;
the streets mostly narrow. It has been long fa
mous for weaving, particularly of table linen.
Here was a palace in which Charles I. was
born. Dungala, see Dongala.
Dungannon, t. Ireland, in Tyrone, near which
are coal mines ; 25 NNW. Newry, 36 SSE.
Londonderry. Lon. 6. 37. W. Lat 54. 30. N.
Pop. 4,000. Dungannon sends one member to
parliament. Dunganan, s-p. Ireland, on S. coast, in Wa
terford, situated in a bay of the Atlantic, to
which it gives name; 21 WSW. Waterford
Lon. 7. 39. W. Lat. 52. 5. N. It sends 1 mem
ber to parliament. It is much resorted to in
summer for sea bathing.
Dungen,X. Neth. N. Brabant ; 4 ESE. Ooster-
hout. Pop. 1,100.
Dungeness Point, cape at E. entrance into the
Straits of Magellan. Lon. 68. 28. W. Lat. 52
28. S.
Dungeness, cape, Eng., on the coast of Kent,
in the English channel. Here is a lighthouse in
Lon.0. 58. E, Lat 50. 55. N.

Dungeness, (New,) low sandy point of land,
on W. coast ofN. A. at the entrance of foe gulf
of New-Georgia. Lon. 122. 63. W. Lat. 48.
15. N.
Dungerpour, X, Hind., in Ruttumpour ; 10 S.
Dumdah. . Dungerpour, t. Guzerat ; 32 E. Chitpour, 7Q
NE. Amedabad. Lon. 73. 38. E. Lat. 23. 44. N.
Dungisbtty Head, see Duncansby Head.
Dungiven, X. Ireland, in Derry ; 14 E. Lon
donderry. Pop. 900. Here was a priory of
regular canons, founded in 1100.
Dunglass, y. Scot., in Dumbarton ; thought to
have been a Roman station ; 8 SE. Dumbarton.
Dungham, X. Sindy, on a branch of the In
dus ; 25 NE. Larry Bunder.
Dungunah, X. Bengal ; 35 WNW. Ramgur.
Dungy, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 32 SW. Bouje
pour. Lon. 84. 25. E. Lat. 25. 14. N.
Dungzu, t. Thibet; 8 NW. Jhansu Jeung.
Dunheved, see Launceston.
Dunjar, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 15 SE. Bahar.
Dunk Island, isl. on NE. coast of NeW Hol
land. Lon. 146. 10. E. Lat. 17. 20. S.
Dunkamara, t. Bengal ; 6 S. Goragot
Dunkard, X. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,472.
Dunkeld, (an. Tamia,) X. Scot., in Perth, on
the left bank of the Tay ; formerly the see of a
bishop, and once the chief town in Caledonia ;'
12 NNW. Perth. Lon. 3. 35. W. Lat. 56. 35. N.
Pop. 2,185. The choir of the cathedral now
serves for the parish church. The «hief busi
nesses are spinning yarn, a manufacture of
linen, and a tannery. The market is on Sat
urday. Dunkelsbuhl, t. Swabia. Lon. 10. 14. E. Lat.
49. 9. N. Pop. 6,500.
Dunken's Creek, i. S. Carolina, which runs
intotheEnoree,Lon.81.46.W. Lat. 44. 29. N.
Dunkerry, mt. Eng., in Somerset, whose base
is about 12 miles in circ. ; 6 S. Minehead.
Dunkan's Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipe
lago, of an oval form ; about 5 miles in circ.
Lat. 9. 16. N.
Dunkirk, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y., on; lake
Erie, 7 miles from the head of Casada lake.
353 W. Albany, W. 409. It affords the only
harbour on the lake between Buffalo and Erie.
Wharfs have been constructed here. From, the
head of Casada lake there is a free navigation
to Pittsburg.
Dunkirk, p-t. King and Queen co. Va., on the
Mattapony, 25 S. Port Royal, W. 118.
Dunkirk, or Dunkerque;s-p. France, in North ;
3fif posts N. Paris. Lon. 2. 29. E. Lat. 51.2. N.
Pop. 21,158. Louis XIV. made it one of the
strongest places in Europe, and rendered the
harbour commodious. It is the most important
town and harbour on the coast, and having
been declared a free port, has a great deal
of commerce. By means of a sluice, 42 feet
wide, the basin within the town will hold 40
ships of the line always floating. Dunkirk is,
divided into Old and New Town. It was re
stored to the privileges of a free port by royal
ordinance in 1816.
Dunlapsville, p-t. Union co. Indiana ; 83 In-
dianopolis, W. 571.
Dunlavin, X. Ireland, in Wicklow; 10 NF
Athy, 20 W. Wicklow. - '

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528

DUR

Dunleer, X. Ireland, in Louth ; 7 N. Drogheda.
Dunlope, fort, in Ohio, on the Little Miami,
13 miles above Columbia.
Dunmanaway, X. Ireland, in Cork, considera
ble for its manufactures ; 23 SW. Cork.
Dunmannus Bay, bay on SW. coast of Ireland,
about 14 miles in length, and from 1 to 3 broad,
S. of Bantry Bay, affording a safe harbour. Lon.
9. 40. W. Lat. 61. 30. N. at its mouth.
Dunmore Bay, bay on W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9. 35. W. Lat. 52. 44. N.
Dunmore Head, cape on W. coast of Ireland.
said to be the most westerly land in Europe.
Lon. 10. 20. W. Lat. 52. 6. N.
Dunmow, (an. Villa Faustini,) t. Eng. in Es
sex, with a weekly market on Saturday. 24 W.
Colchester, 37 NNE. London. Lon. 0. 21. E.
Lat. 51. 53. N. Pop. 2,015. Here is a manufac
ture of baize.
Dunmow, (Little,) v. Essex ; 2 E. Dunmow.
The manor of this place is held by a jocular ten
ure of providing a flitch of bacon to any pair,
who twelve months after marriage can take an
oath they have never repented of their union.
Dunna, X. Napaul ; 27 NNE. Nogarcot.
Dunnea, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 18 NW. Bahar.
Dunninglon, see Donnington.
Dunnet, s-p. Scot, in Caithness, on E. side
of a bay to which it gives name ; 5 E. Thurso.
Lon. 3. 23. W. Lat. 58. 41. N. Pop. 1,400.
Dunnet Head, cape on N. coast of Scotland ;
4 N. Dunnet. It consists of several hills, with
some bold rocks towards the sea, trom 100 to
400 feet high.
Dunningen, X. Wurtemberg ; 6 NW. by N.
Rothweil. Pop. 1,100.
Dunnose, cape or promontoiy on SE. coast of
the Isle of Wight ; 51 W. Beachy-Head. Lon.
1. 11. W. Lat. 50. 37. N.
Dunnotlar, v. Scot in Kincardine; 1 SW.
Stonehaven. Here are the remains of a castle,
situated on a rock near the sea, supposed to
have been built during the contest between
Baliol and Bruce.
Dunrossness, X. Scot., in S. part of the island
of Shetland ; 13 S. Lerwick.
Dunsala, X. Hind., Lahore ; 15 N. Jummoo.
Dunsburg, p-t. Lycoming co. Pa. ; W. 210.
Dunse, X. Scot., in Berwick, between the
White and Black Adder Waters ; 9 W. Berwick,
48 S. Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 20. W. Lat. 55. 47.
N. Pop. 3,082. The celebrated Duns Scotus
was a native of this place. About a mile from
the town is a medicinal spring, whose virtues
are said to be similar to the waters at Tunbridge
in Kent.
Dunskerry, small isl. near N. coast of Scot. ;
4 ESE. Farout Head. Lon. 4. 32. W. Lat. 58.
38. N.
Dunstable, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H., on
W. side ofthe Merrimack, opposite to Notting
ham-West; 12 SE. Amherst, W. 474. Pop. 1,142.
Here are two small villages, one at the meeting
house, and the other, Nashua village, about 1
mile N. at the junction of the Nashua with the
Merrimack. Dunstable, t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 33 NW.
Boston. Pop. 584.
Dunstable, X. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 474.
Dunstable, (an, Magionium, or Magiovinum,

and Maginlum,) I. Eng., in Bedford, at the foot
of the Chiltern hills, supposed to be a Roman
station; 20 S. Bedford, 33 NNW. London.
Lon. 0. 39. W. Lat. 51. 59. N. Pop. 1,616. The
chief employment of the town is making hats,
baskets, and other articles of straw. The mar
ket is on Wednesday.
Dunstaffnage, ancient castle, Scot., in Ar
gyleshire, on W. coast, at the mouth of Loch
Etive, thought to have been a palace of the an
cient kings of Scotland ; 6 NNE. Oban. In
this castle the famous stone chair, the supposed
palladium of Scotland, was kept till the reign
of Kenneth II. who removed it to Scone.
Dunstang, X. Rus. Wilna ; 28 NE. Wilkomierz.
Dunsler, X. Eng., in Somerset, with a weekly
market on Friday; 21 W. Bridgewater, 158 W.
London. Lon.3.35.W. Lat.51.10.N. Pop. 86$.
It was originally a fortress of the Saxons, anda
place of consequence; called at first Torre, af
terwards Duneslorre, and Dunsier.
Duntarpour, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 45 E. Jal-
lindar. Duntewara, X. Hind., in Dandar; 17 S. Bud-
dakano. Dunlola, t. Bengal ; 42 NNE. Purneah.
Dunvegan Head, or Galtrigal Head, cape, on
W. coast of the island of Skye. Lon. 6. 42. W.
Lat. 57. 31. N.
Dunwali, X. Hind., in Bahar; 37 S. Boglipour,
Dunwich, X. Eng., in Suffolk, formerly a place
of large size, consisting, it is said, of 8 parishes;
surrounded with walls and gates; 30 NE. Ips-
wich,-99 NE. London. Lon. 1. 50. E. Laf. 52.
23. N. Pop. 208. It was once large and flour
ishing, but destroyed by the encroachments of
the sea. Six or 7 churches are on record, none
now remaining, and it is said there were 52
churches and monasteries, all now ovcrflower-
ed. It has a market on Saturday, and yet re
turns two members to parliament
Duo Boloa, one of the Sooloo islands. Lon.
121.42. E. Lat. 6. 11. N.
Dupage, lake, in Indiana, formed by the en
largement of the river Plein.
Dupino, or Dublin, X. Pru. Posen ; 44 S. Posen.
Pop. 439.
Duplin, co. S. part of N. C; W. 359. Pop.
in 1810, 7,863; slaves, 2,416. Pop. in 1820,
9,744. Chief town, Sarecto.
Duplin, (Old,) p-t. Duplin co. N.C. ; W.366.
Dupplin, v. Scot, in Perth; 5 SW. Perth. In
1332, a battle was fought here between the
English and the Scots, in which the latter were
defeated. Dupreesville, p-v. Northampton co. N. C. ;
AV. 206.
Duquella, pr. Morocco, about 75 miles in
length, and 60 broad; exceedingly fertile in
corn and pastures.
Du- Quesne, fort, the former name of Pittsburg.
Duquesne, r. island of Grenada, which runs
into the sea in a bay to which it gives name.
Lon. 61. 27. W. Lat. 12. 18. N.
Duquesne Point, cape on W. coast of the isl
and of Grenada. Lon. 61.29.W. Lat. 12.17.N.
Dur, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 85 NNW.
Bagdad. Durac, settlement, Buenos Ayres, west of
the city.

DUK

529

DUR

3heraj A,'t. Hind., Malwa; 15 NW.Bopaltol.
Duraka, small isl. in the Red sea, ajbout 16
miles from the coast of Arabia. Lon. 41. 31. E.
Eat. 16.48. N.
Durakova, X. Russia, in Archangel, on the
coast of the White sea; 68 W. Archangel.
Duralde, X. S. A., in Tucuman; 36 N. St.
Miguel de Tucuman.
Duron, r. Quito, in the province of Guaya
quil, which flows into the Guayaquil, Lat. 2.
7. S.
Durance, (an Druentia,) r. France, which
passes near Embrun, Sisteron; Manosque, Per-
tuis, Cavaillon, fac, and runs into the Rhone, a
little below Avignon.
Duranius, now Dordogne.
Durand, X. Coos co. N. H, on N. side of the
White mountains ; 12 SE. Lancaster. Pop. 78.
Durango, see New-Biscay.
Durango, X. Mexico, capital of the province
of New Biscay, or Durango ; 335 NW. Mexico.
Lon. 103. 35. W. Lat. 24. 25. N. Pop. accord
ing to Humboldt, 12,000 ; according to Pike,
40,000. Bp. see. The town is situated on an
elevation 6,845 feet above the sea. The air is
healthy, the surrounding countiy fertile, pro
ducing au abundance of wheat, maize,' fruits,
fac, and the trade of the town is considerable.
Durango, t. Spain, in Biscay ; 8 miles from
the sea-coast, 15 E. Bilboa. Pop. 3,900.
Durant's Bay, inlet on the coast of N. C,
in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76. 16. W. Lat. 35.
40. N.
Durant's Island, small isl. in Albemarle sound.
Lon. 76. 15. W. Lat. 35. 46. N.
Durant's Point, cape on the coast of N. C, in
•Albemarle sound. Lon. 76. 30. W. Lat. 36. 5. N.
Duras, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the
Drot; lON.Marmande. Pop. 1,576.
Duraton, r. Spain, which runs into the Duero,
near Pennafiel.
Duravoe, bay on E. coast of Mainland, the
principal of the Shetland islands. Lon. 1. 20.
W. Lat. 60. 32. N
Durazzano, X. Naples, in Lavora; 16 NE.
Naples. Pop. 1,834.
Durazzo, (an. Epidamnus h Dyrrachium,) s-p.
Eu. Turkey, in Albania; 88 SSE.Ragusa. Lon.
19. 15. E. Lat. 41. 42. S. Pop. stated at from
5, to 9,000. Greek bp. see. It has a citadel now
in ruins, and a commodious harbour for small
vessels. Durazzo, X. Buenos Ayres ; 108 N. Cordova.
Durbach,X. Baden; 3NE.Offenburg. P. 1,500.
Durban, X. France, Aube ; 13 SW. Narbonne.
Durbee, X. Bootan; 20 Tassasudon.
Durben, X. Courland ; 24 SSW. Goldingen. -
Durbion, X. France, which runs into the Mo
selle, near Chatel sur Moselle, in Vosges.
Durbis, now Dour.
Durbungah, X. Hind., in Bahar, and capital of
Tyroot; 25 NNW. Calcutta, 50 NE. Patna
Lon. 85. 54. E. Lat 26. 27. N.
Durbuy, X. Neth. Luxemburg, on the river
Ourte ; 20 N. Bastogne, 20 S. Liege. Lon 5
22 E. Lat. 50. 21. N. Pop. 419.
Durcinate, now Cambridge.
Durckheim, or Turckh'eim,X. Bav., circle ofthe
Rhine ; 14 W. Manheim, 14 N, Landau. Pop.
3,081. "
Vol. I, 67

Duregapour, X. Bengal ; 70 NE. Pucculoe.
Dunn, see Dueren.
Dunk, r. Natolia, which runs into the Kizif5
ermak, at Karghi.
Durewald, X. Bav. ; 7 W. Lichtenberg.
Durfort, t. France, in Gard ; 7 SW. Alaia.
Pop. 840.
Durfort, X. France, in Aude; 7 SW. Castel-
n an clary. Pop. 250.
Durfort, X. France, Arriege ; 5 NW. Pamiers.
Durga, X. Arabia, in Hadramaut, near the
sea ; 6 NE. Keschim.
Durgahatty, X. Bengal ; 38 NE. Nattore.
Durgan, X. Natolia ; 48 SE. Kastamouni.
Durgapour, X. Hind., in Sehaurunpour; 15
SSE. Hurdwar.
Durghyagunge, X. Bengal ; 9 E. Purneah.
Dargut, (an. Cilbianus Campus,) X. A. Turkey,
in Natolia ; 18 E. Smyrna.
Durham, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on S.
side of the Androscoggin ; 26 NE. Portland,
140 NNE. Boston, W. 577. Pop. 1,562.
Durham, p-t. Strafford co. N. H., on NW. side
of Great bay ; 11 WNW. Portsmouth, W. 501.
Pop. in 1810, 1,449 ; in 1820, 1,538. Oyster
river flows through this town into Great bay.
At the falls on this river there is a village con
taining a Congregational meeting house, about
40 dwelling houses, and a number of stores. —
There is in this town a rock, weighing 60 or
70 tons, lying so exactly poised on another rock,
as to be easily moved with one hand.
Durham, (Indian name Gogingchaug,) p-t
Middlesex co. Ct. ; 2 SSW. Middietown, 18 NE.
New-Haven, W. 324. Pop. 1,210.
Durham, or Freehold, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. ;
20 NW. Athens, 30 SW. Albany, W. 374. Pop.
2,979. It contains 2 churches for Presbyteri
ans, and one for Methodists.
Durham, p-t. Bucks co. Pa., on the Delaware ;
12 S. Easton, W^ 192. Pop. 485.
Durham, (New,) X. Strafford co. N. H. ; 38
NW. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,168.
Durham Creek, r. Pa., whieh runs into the
Delaware, Lon. 75. 15. W. Lat 40. 35. N.
Durham, co. Eng., bounded N. by Northum
berland, E. by the German sea, S. by York
shire, from which it is divided by the river
Tees, and W. by Westmoreland and Cumber
land. Its shape is triangular; it is divided in
to four wards, which contain one city, and 9
towns. It is 45 miles long, and 36 broad. Sq.
m. 1,040. Pop. 117,625; nearly one half em
ployed in trade and manufactures. It is usual
ly called the bishopric of Durham, or the coun
ty Palatine of Durham, from the great power
possessed by the bishops, who, were formerly
sovereign princes in their diocess. Near foe
river Tees the land is rich, consisting of a
loamy rich clay, and is generally fertile near
the other rivers ; other parts are not so good.
The climate is very uncertain, and the harvest
hazardous ; wheat, barley, oats, and peas, are
the chief productions ; beans are seldom raised
in the western part of the county. Durham is
the capital.
Durham, city, Eng., capital of a county of
the same name ; 66 NNW. York, 120 S. Edin
burgh, 259 N. London Lon. 1. 34. W. Lat 54
47. N. Fop. 7,630. R is situated on seven hijlaj

DUR

530

DUS

and surrounded by others more lofty, and has
been whimsically compared to a crab, the body
being represented by the centre of the town,
the cathedral, fac. and the claws by foe several
streets branching every way. It is almost sur
rounded and intersected every way by the
Were. It is the see of a bishop, suffragan of
York, who is lord paramount of the county, and
earl of Segberg. The diocess extends over the
counties of Durham and Northumberland. The
cathedral is a grand Gothic building 41 1 feet in
length, with a central tower 214 feet high.
There are 6 other parish churches, 2 Catholic
chapels, and houses of worship for Presbyteri
ans, Methodists, and Quakers. The town has
a weekly market and 3 annual fairs, and is
noted for its mustard. It returns two members
to parliament. — Near Durham a signal victory
was obtained by the English over the Scots,
when king David Bruce was taken prisoner.
Durhun, see Dardan.
Durhut, X. Bahar ; 17 NE. Durbungah.
Duria, now Dorio.
Durias, now Guadilaviar.
Durius, now Duero.
Durko, X. Natolia ; 42 SW. Amasieh.
Durlach, X. Baden, capital of the circle of
Pfinz-and-Enz, formerly capital of the margra
viate of Baden-Durlach, on the Pfinz; 5 E.
Carlsruhe; 16 S. Spire, 32 WNW. Stuttgart.
Lon. 8. 31. E. Lat. 48. 59. N. Pop. 3,916. It
contains a castle with a mint, a Latin school,
manufactures of china-ware, cloth, and stuffs ;
the environs are fertile, especially in fruit and
wine. — Native, Possett
Durlock, see Sharon, N. Y.
Durmenz, t. Wurtemberg, district of Maul-
broun. Pop. 1,823.
Durmstein, t. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine,
district of Grunstadt. Pop. 1,250.
Durmersheim, X. Baden, in Murg; 6 SSW.
Rastadt. Pop. 1,000.
Durnberg, mt. Saltzburg; 2 SSW. Hallein.
Durness, X. Scot., in Sutherland, near N.
coast, at the bottom of a bay, formed by a river
of the same name, called the Kyle of Durness;
53 NNW. Dornoch. Lon. 4. 40. W. Lat. 58.33. N.
Durness, r. Scot, which runs into the North
sea, a little W. Farout head, forming a bay at
its mouth, called the Kyle of Durness. Lon. of
the mouth, 4. 43. W. Lat. 58. 38. N.
Durnhollz, X. Moravia, in Znaym, on the Taya.
Fop. 1,823.
Durnish, t Scot, on W. coast of the island of
Skye. Durnovaria, now Dorchester.
Durobrivce, now Rochester.
Durochskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the
borders of China, near the Argunia ; 160 SSE.
Nertchinsk. Durocomovium, now Cirencester.
Durocortorium, now Reims.
Duron, isl. in the straits of Malacca, about 12
miles long, and 3 broad. Lon. 103. 39. E. Lat.
0. 42. N.
Durool, X. Bengal ; 25 SSE. Dinagepour.
Durostorus, now Silislria.
Durovernum, now Canterbury.
Durour's Island, isl. in the E. Indian ocean.
Lon. 143. 21. E. Lat. 1. 15. S.

Durowly, X. Hind., in Bahar; 35 NW, Chup
rah. Lon. 84. 11. E. Lat. 26. 5. N.
Dwrrah, see Zereh.
Durrampour, X. Bengal ; 25 S. Boglipour.
Dwrrampour, X. Hind., in Guzerat; 45 SSE.
Surat, 96 NNE. Bombay.
Durranea, X. Hind., jOude ; 15 N. Bahraitch.
Durrenburg, great salt mine, Austria, in Salz
burg, a league .from Hallein, in a mountain
2,520 feet high. It yields annually 300,000 cwt
of salt.
Durrenburg, v. with a great salt mine, Pru.
Merseburg, a mile from Merseburg.
Durrble, X. Guzerat ; 15 NE. Noanagur.
Durrow, see Castle Durrow.
Dursey, isl. about 2 miles long, and half a
mile broad, near SW. coast of Ireland. Lon. 10.
34. W. Lat. 51. 36. N.
Dursley, X. Eng., in Gloucestershire; 15 S.
Gloucester, 107 W. London. Lon. 2. 23. W.
Lat. 51. 44. N. Pop. 2,580. It is celebrated for
its manufacture of broadcloth ; it has a weekly
market on Thursday.
Dursunny, t. Hind., Goondwana ; 30 NNE.
Gurrah. Durtal, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 16
NE. Angers. Pop. 3,711. The houses are gen
erally built of stones, and covered with slate ;
tanning is the chief trade.
Dunes, X. Candahar ; 130 SE. Candahar.
Durun, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 50 NE. Jorjan.
Durwang, t. Bavaria ; 4 SSE. Feuchtwang.
Pop. 600.
Durweis, X. Pru. Aix la Chapelle ; 2 N. Es-
chweiler. Pop. 667.
Durya, X. Hind., inBahar; 15 NE. Monghir.
Duryapour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 16 S. Goa-
rackpour. Dussara,X. Hind., in Guzerat, fortified, con
taining about 1,300 houses.
Dushruck, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 16 N. Taas.
Dusky Bay, bay of New Zealand, on W.
coast, and near S. extremity of Tavai Foenam-
moo. Lon. 166. 48. E. Lat. 45. 40. S.
Dusrach, X. Persia, Kerman ; 156 S. Sirgian.
Dussac, t. France, in Dordogne ; 4 N. Exi-
deul. Pop. 1,028.
Dussaun, r. Hind., which runs into the Bet-
wha, 15 N. Irej.
Dussel, r. Ger., which runs into the Rhine, at
Dusseldorf. Dusseldorf, or Dusseldorp, city, Ger., formerly
capital of Burg, now the capital of a govern
ment of the same name in the Prussian prov
ince of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, on the river Dussel,
at its conflux with the Rhine ; 20 NNW. Co
logne. Lon. 6. 46. N. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop.
within the walls 16,000; and including the sub
urbs 21,090. H. 2,200. It contains 3 Catholic
churches, 1 Lutheran, 1 Calvinist, 2 hospitals,
an academy or gymnasium, a seminary, and an
academy of fine arts. It has a castle which
contains a celebrated gallery, of paintings. Jt
is a well built town, and has a traffic in corn
and the local manufactures of cloth, paper-
hangings, glass, and leather. — Pop. of the gov
ernment 363,107.
Dussemont, X. Pru. Treves, celebrated for its
wine ; 4 NW. Veldentz.
Dust, or Dustee, r. Persia, which rises iH the

DWI

531

DZU

interior and flows through the province of Me-
kran into the Indian ocean.
Dusway, X. Hind., in Bahar; 35 S. Arrah.
Duszmiany, X. Rus. Wilna ; 20 SSW. Troki.
Dutch Key, or Ginger Key, small isl. among
the Bahamas. Lon. 78. 26. E. Lat. 23. N.
Dutchess, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Columbia
co., E. by Connecticut, S. by Putnam co., and
W. by the Hudson. Pop. in 1810, 41,141 ; in
1820, 46,615. Chief town, Poughkeepsie.
Dutchman's Cap, see Back.
Dutchman's Bay, bay on N. coast of Antigua.
Dutchman's Island, small isl. on the -coast of
Virginia, in the Potomac. Lon. 77. 20. W. Lat.
39. 7. N,
Duthil, t. Scot., in Inverness ; 20 SE. Inver
ness. Dutkina, X. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena ;
16 S. Orlenga.
Dutlingen, or Tutlingen, t. Wurtemberg, on
the Danube, over which is a bridge, surround
ed with walls in 1274; 26 NW. Constance.
Lon. 8. 48. E. Lat. 48. 15. N. Pop. 3,658.
Dutolsburgh, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. ; W.
220. Dwwar, t Bengal ; 8 SW. Koonda.
Dux, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 15 WNW.
Leitmeritz. Lon. 13. 45. E. Lat 50. 35. N.
Pop. 1,100.
Duxbury, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 10 N.
Plymouth, 27 SSE. Boston, W. 463. Pop. 2,403.
A considerable number of vessels are here em
ployed in the coasting trade and fisheries.
Duxbury, X. Washington co. Vt. ; 14 W. Mont
pelier. Pop. 440.
Duya, r. New Grenada, which rises in the
mountains of Tiiseja, flows SE. and joins the
Meta. Duyt, r. Ger., which runs into the Hase, near
Osnabruck. Duyveland, isl. Zealand, separated from SE.
part of Schouwen by a narrow passage ; its
dimensions about 9 miles by 6. Lon. 3. 51. E.
Lat. 51. 41. N.
Duzdgeh, X. Natolia ; 28 W. Eregri.
Duzey, X. France, in Meuse ; 9 N. Estain.
Dioaroca, t. fa celebrated temple, Hind., in
Guzerat, at SW. extremity of the peninsula.
Lon. 69. 15. E. Lat. 22: 21. N. H. 2,560. As
many as 15,000 pilg.ims annually visit this
temple. Dwars in dem Wag, see Thwart the Way.
Dwight, missionary station among the Chero
kees, in Arkansas, on Illinois creek, 4 N. ofthe
Arkansas, nearly 500 miles by the course of
the river from its mouth, about 100 below Fort
Smith, 200 WNW. Arkansas. A school house
adapted to accommodate 100 children, and
other buildings necessary to the mission, were
erected in 1820.
Dwin, X. fa castle, Hungary ; 14 E. Schem-
nitz. Dwina, Duina, or Duna, (an. Turuhtus,) r.
Eu. Russia, which rises from a lake of the same
name on the borders of the governments of
Pskov and Tver, passes by Veliz, Witepsk, Po
lotsk, Drissa, and Dunaburg, and falls into the
gulf of Riga, at Dunamond, a little below Riga.
It is navigable throughout the greater part of
its course, and is connected with the lake of

Ladoga and with Petersburg by a canal which
joins it at the river Louat. Length about 500
miles. Dwina, (an. Carambucis,) r. Eu. Russia, which
is formed by the Juchoria and Jug, near Ustiug
in Vologda, and flows into the White sea, about
20 NW. Archangel, forming an estuary at its
mouth. Its general course is northwesterly,
and its length about 500 miles.
Dworzec, t. Rus. Grodno ; 8 S. Novogrodek.
Dworzyszce, X. Rus. Wilna ; 20 S. Wilna.
Dyalla, X. Hind., Baglana ; 20 S. Naderbar.
Dyambillia, X. Africa, in Sierra Leone ; 30
WSW. Teemboo.
Dyan, X. Ireland, Tyrone; 7 S. Dungannon.
Dyatty, X. Bengal ; 22 ENE. Kishenagur.
Dyberry, X. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 733.
Dybsbe, small isl. Denmark, near W. coast of
Zealand. Lon. 11. 44. E. Lat. 55. 8. N.
Dyer's Island, small isl. in Narraganset Bay.
Dyersburg, p-t. Ten. ; 190 Murfreesborough.
Dyffi, see Dovey.
Dyhinda, t. Hind., Ellichpour ; 15 N. Akowla.
Dyherrenfurth, or Dyhrenfurt, X. Pru. Silesia,
in Breslau, on the Oder ; 16 NW. Breslau. Lon.
16. 43. E. Lat. 51. 9. N. Pop. 749.
Dyle, r. Brabant, which rises near Gemblours,
passes by Louvain, fac. and runs into the De-
mer, 3 W. Arschot.
Dyme, or Dymm, X. Peloponnesus, in NW.
part of Achaia ; famous for the defeat of the
Achaians by the Lacedemonians, B. C. 227.
Dyme, see Demoliea.
Dynapour, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the Ganges ;
8 W. Patna. In the neighbourhood is a dia
mond mine.
Dynish, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Ireland. Lon. 9. 44. W. Lat. 63. 16. N.
Dynaw, X. Aust. Galicia, in Sanok, on the
San ; 25 W. Przemysl.
Dyosandrum, X. Hind., Barramaul ; 20 SSW.
Darempoury. Dyaucha, X. Bengal ; 15 NE. Nagore.
Dyre, see Deir.
Dyrnitz, or Tyrnitz, X. Austria,; 17 S. St.
Polten. Dyrrachium, now Durazzo.
Dysart, s-p. Scot., in Fife, on the Frith of
Forth ; 12 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 8. W. Lat.
56. 8. N. Pop. of the parish, 5,885 ; ofthe town
1,729. The principal trade is in coals and iron
ore. Dzar Gurban, r. Russian Tartary, which runs
into the Irtisch, 20 E. Semipolatnoi.
Dzialoszyce, X. Poland, in Cracow; 28 NE.
Cracow. Pop, 800.
Dzialoszyn, X. Poland, on the Warta ; 30 S.
Siradia. Pop. 1,041.
Dzidza, X. Albania ; 18 Delvinaki. It is situ
ated on the top and declivity of a barren moun
tain, and is inhabited by Albanian christians.
Dziewieniszki, X. Rus. Wilna ; 30 SSE. Wilna.
Dzil-karnaim, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 26
N. Diarbekir.
Dziumati, X. Guriel ; 10 ESE. Puti.
Dziwalow, X. Rus. Wilna ; 4 W. Wilkomierz.
Dzonmuren, r. Russia, which runs into An
gara, 24 N. Irkutsk.
Dzura, Tartarian village, Russia, in Irkutskoi
Lon. 124. 24. E. Lat. 66. 4. N<

E.

EAR
EAGLE, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 238-
Eagle, X, Hocking co Ohio. Pop. 348.
Eagle Island, isl. on the coast of Maine, Han
cock co. Pop. 8.
Eagle Creek, r. Ohio, which flows into the
Ohio, 10 miles below Maysville, Ken.
Eagle Island, isl. in the Atlantic, near W.
coast of Ireland. Lon. 9. 54. W. Lat. 54. 17. N.
Eagle Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, near
NE. coast of New Holland. Lat. 14. 32. S. It
is situated between Lizard island and Cape
Flattery. Eagle Island, isl. in the Indian sea, about 3
miles in circumference ; it is low, sandy, and
covered with small trees. Sea lions and sea
birds are very numerous, but no fresh water is
to be found. The breakers run very high at
NE. end. Lon. 55. 47. E. Lat. 5. 10. S.
Eagle River, r. America, which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 92. 14. W. Lat. 43. 50. N.
Eaglesham, v. fa parish, Scot., in Renfrew ;
9 S. Glasgow. Pop. of the village 450 ; parish
1,424. Eagleville, v. in Manlius, N. Y. ; 1£ mile E.
Manlius village.
Eagleville, X. Marengo co. Alabama, on the
Tombigbee, just below the junction of the
Black Warrior. It is a French settlement, and
is pleasantly situated in a very fertile country.
Eaheinomauwe, large island in the S. Pacific
ocean, and the most northern of the two con
stituting New Zealand, extending from Lat. 34.
30. to 41. 30. S. Its-form is irregular ; from 37.
30. southward it bears something like the appear
ance of a triangle. From W. angle a peninsula
extends N. in some places not 7 miles wide, in
others more than 40. From Lat. 37. 30. to 39.
40. S. the breadth is from 150 to 180 miles;
afterwards it decreases gradually to 30 miles,
the distance from Cape Tierawitte to Cape Pal
liser, its most southern point.
Eakdallah, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 16 SW.
Currah. Ealing, v. fa parish, Eng., in Middlesex ; 6
WNW. London. Pop. 5,361.
Eaoowee, or Eooo, or Middelburg, one of the
Friendly islands, in the S. Pacific ocean, which
abounds with groves of fruit and other trees,
interspersed with tracts covered with grass.
Lon. 174. 30. E. Lat 21. 24. S.
Earch, r. N. Wales, which runs into the sea,
near Pwllhely.
JEarl, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 984.
Earl, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa., on Conestago

EAS
creek ; 52 ESE. Harrisburg, W. 134. Pop. of
the township 5,559.
Earl's Ferry, small s-p. Scot, in Fife ; 30
NE. Edinburgh. Pop. 374.
Earl Shilton, v. Eng., in Leicestershire; 9
SSW. Leicester. Pop; 1,287.
Earley, co. Georgia. Pop. 768.
Earleysburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa. ; 130 NW.
Harrisburg, W. 198.
Earlstown, v. fa parish, Scot., in Berwick
shire ; 7 S. Lauder, 34 SE. Edinburgh. Pop.
1,528. Ealston, p-t. Rutherford co. N. C. ; 234 Ra
leigh, W. 538.
Earn, r. Scot., which runs from Loch Earn
into the Tay, a little below Perth.
Earoor, X. Carnatic ; 17 miles from Valconda.
Earthquake Lake, lake, Missouri, about 40 W.
New Madrid. It is about 20 miles long.
Easington, v. fa parish, Eng., in Yorkshire;
7 N. Whitby. Pop. 445.
Easingwold, X. Eng., in York, with a weekly
market on Friday ; 13 NNW. York, 210 N.
London. Pop. 1,575.
East-Chester, see Chester, (East.)
East Branch, r. Ohio, which joins the Little
Miami, in N. part of Hamilton co.
-Eos* District, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 509.
East-Hampton, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 5
S. Northampton, 90 W. Boston, W. 377. Pop.
712. East-Hampton, p-t. Suffolk co. N. Y., SE.part
of Long Island; 110 E. New York, W. 347.
Pop. 1,646. It comprises the southern promon
tory at the east end of Long Island, terminat
ing in Montauk point, and includes Gardner's
island. Clinton academy, a respectable, semi
nary, is in this town.
East-Haven, X. Essex co. Vt. ; 45 NE. Mont
pelier. Pop. 34.
East-Haven, X. New-Haven co. Ct.'; 4 E..
New Haven. Pop. 1,237.
East Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Maine. Lon. 67. 32. W. Lat. 32. N.
Eost Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near E. coast of Palawan. Lon. 118. 36. E.
Lat. 8. 40. N.
East Island, small isl. near E. coast of Bor
neo. Lon. 109. 38. E. Lat. 2. 40. N.
East Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, on
the coast of New Zealand, near Cape East.
East Islands, some small islands in the N.
Atlantic ocean, near E. coast of Labrador. Lon.
61. 30. W. Lat. 58. 38. N.
East Main, or Slude River, r. Canada, which

EAS

583

EAS

runs into James bay, Lon. 78. 45. W. Lat. 52.
18. N.
East Main, that part of Labrador which bor
ders on James' bay ; S. of Hudson's bay.
East Main House, station or settlement for
the Indian trade in Canada, on the East Main
river. Lon. 78. 42. W. Lat 52. 15. N.
East Meath, name sometimes given to the
county of Meath in Ireland, to distinguish it
from West Meath. See Meath.
East River, r. or rather a channel or sound,
between Long Island and New York Island,
and between Long Island and state of Connec
ticut, where it is more generally called Long
Island Sound.
East River, r. the eastern branch of Machias
river, Maine, which unites with the western
branch, just above Machias bay.
Eos* River, r. W. Florida, which runs into
Pensacola bay, Lon. 86. 50. W. Lat. 30. 34. N.
East Ness, or Easionness, cape on E. coast of
England, between Southwold and Lowestoft".
East Point, the extreme E. point of the isl
and of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
East Point, NE. extremity of New Holland.
Lat. 10. 42. S.
East Point, cape at the S. extremity of Afri
ca, W. of the entrance into False bay. Lat. 34.
30. S.
East Rock, rocky islet among the Canaries,
N.ofLancerotta. Lon. 13. 12. W. Lat. 29.20. N.
East Town, X. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 681.
Easlenalle, see Oostanaulee.
Eastbourne, X. Eng., in Sussex, situated not
far from the sea, in a valley almost surrounqed
with hills ; 16 SE. Lewes, 64 SSE- London.
Lon. 0.56. E. Lat. 50. 46. N. Pop! 1,800. It
is frequented for sea bathing.
Easter Island, or Davis' Island, isl. in S. Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 109. 50. W. Lat. 27. 8. S. It
is of a triangular form, one side about 12 miles
long, the other 2 about 9 each. Sq. m. about 14.
Pop. differently estimated, at 700, 1.500, and
2,000. The inhabitants are of a tawny colour,
well formed, sagacious, and hospitable, yet
thievish. The surface is mountainous and stony,
and the hills rise to such a height, that they are
visible at the distance of 45 miles. At the
southern extremity is the crater of a volcano
of great size and depth. The soil of the island
is extremely fertile, but not a tenth part is un
der cultivation.
Eastern Bay, bay on E. side of Chesapeake
bay. Lon. 76. 20. W. Lat. 38. 50. N.
Eastern Neck, isl. E. side of Chesapeake bay,
at N. entrance of Chester river ; 3J miles long,
J- broad. Eastern River, r. Maine, which joins the Ken
nebeck, at Dresden.
Easlermost Key, small island in the bay of
Honduras, surrounded with rocks. Lon. 87. 48.
W. Lat. 17. 15. N.
Easierton, X. Dauphin co. Pa., on E. side of
the Susquehanna ; 4 miles above Harrisburg.
Eastham, (Indian name Namset,) p-t. Barnsta
ble co., Mass., on Barnstable bay; 24 ENE.
Barnstable, 89 SE. Boston, W. 519. Pop. 766.
Easting, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
near E. coast of Mainland. Lon. 0. 58. W. Lat.
60. 32. N.

Easton, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. ; 10 NNE. Tauri-
ton, 22 S. Boston. Pop. 1,803. There are two
post offices in this town ; No. 1, W. 436, N. 2,
W. 438. The town is important for its iron
manufactures. Easton, p-t. Washington co. N. Y., on E. side
of the Hudson ; 16 SW. Salem, 27 N. Albany,
W. 384. Pop. 3,051.
Easton, bor. fa cap. Northampton co. Pa., on
W. side of the Delaware, at the junction of the
Lehigh ; 12 NE. Bethlehem, 60 N. Philadel
phia, W. 195. Pop. 2,370. It is pleasantly situ
ated, regularly laid out, and contains a court
house, a jail, 2 banks, a church, and an acade
my, and has considerable trade. Here is a
bridge across the Delaware, 570 feet in length.
Easton, p-t. fa cap. Talbot co. Md., on Tread
Haven Creek, 13 miles above its confluence
with the Choptank; 35 S. Chester, 50 SSE.
Baltimore, W. 81. Pop. about 1,500. It is a
flourishing town, and contains a court house, a
market house, and 3 houses of public worship,
1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, and 1 for
Baptists, and it has considerable trade. Two
newspapers are published here.
Easlport, p-t. fa s-p. Washington co. Maine,
situated at the most eastern limit of the U. S.,
on Moose island, in Passairiaquoddy bay, at the
mouth of the Schoodic or St. Croix and Cobs-
cook rivers; 3 N. Lubec, 15 S. St. Andrews,
N. B., 33 ENE. Machias, by Lubec, 46 by Den-
nysville, 175 E. Bangor, over the old road, only
93 over the new one, 260 ENE. Portland, 370
NE. Boston, W. 808. Lon. 66. 56. W. Lat. 44.
54. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,511 ; in 1820, 1,937. It
is a flourishing commercial town, and contains
a bank, a printing office, 3 houses of public
worship, 2 for Baptists and 1 for Congregation
alists; 70 ware bouses and stores, and 225 dwel
ling nouses, all of wood, and many of them
handsome. Eastport is the most commercial town in the
eastern part of Maine. It is very well situated
for trade, having an easy communication with
the interior by the rivers which flow into the
bay. Its harbour is one ofthe best in the U. S.,
capacious enough to contain a large navy, and
of safe entrance. The wharfs are built nearly
40 feet high, on account of the extraordinary
tide in the bay of Fundy. The common tides
here rise 25 feet. The shores of Moose island
and the other smaller islands, have all the pre
parations necessary for curing fish, and unload
ing lumber and other articles of commerce. In
1820 a handsome toll bridge, 1,200 feet long,
was erected over the ferry between Moose isl
and and the main land, connecting Eastport
with Perry. About 1,500 tons of shipping are
owned in this town. The exports consist of
lumber and provisions of various kinds.
Easlville, p-v. Northampton co. Va. ; W. 257.
Eastwood, v. Nottinghamshire, Eng. ; 8 NW.
Notingham. Pop. 111.
Ealaw Springs, see Eulaw Springs.
Eathandune, now Edington.
Eaton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 70 NNW.
Portsmouth , W. 549. Pop. 1 ,07 1 .
Eaton, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. ; 30 SW. Utica,
108 W. Albany, W. 362, Pop. 3,021.
Eaton, p-t. fa cap. Preble co. Ohio, on St.

EBE

534

EBH

Clair's creek, within § of a mile from the old
fort St. Clair, 24 W. Dayton, 50 N. Cincinnati^
90 W. by S. Columbus, W. 468. Lat. 39. 31. N.
It contains about 40 houses, and some mills.
The falls of St. Clair's creek at this place afford
a nurriber of excellent mill seats'.
Eaton's Neck, see Huntington.
Eaton, X. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 712.
Eaton-town, v. Monmouth co. N. J., 1 S.
Shrewsbury. Eaton Bray, v. fa parish, Eng., in Bedford; 4
Dunstable, 35 N. London. Pop. 675.
Eaionton, p-t. fa cap. Putnam co. Georgia ; 20
NW. Milledgeville, W. 689. Pop. in 1810, 180.
It is a pleasant town, and contains a court
house, a jail, and an academy.
Eaton Socon, v. fa parish, Bedfordshire, Eng. ;
10 N. Biggleswade. Pop. 1,833.
Ealt, X. Bind., in Oude ; 25 E. Kairabad.
Eauze, t. France, in Gers, a celebrated city
in the time of the Romans ; 13 WSW. Condom.
Pop. 3,220. Lon. 0. 10. E. Lat. 43. 52. N.— Na
tive, Ruffin.
Eauslabad, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 15 NNW.
Lahore. Ebal, mt. Palestine, separated from Mount
Gerizim by a narrow valley, in which was the
city of Sichem ; N. of Sichem.
Ebat'e, pr. New Grenada, having nobles of its
own, who reside at its capital, which is of the
same name.
Ebauler, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 130 S. Ana.
Ebba, t. Africa, in Sahara ; 40 S. Gafsa.
Ebbsfieet, v. Eng., Kent, anciently Wyppeds-
fleet, at the mouth of the Stour, where the Sax
ons landed in 447, under Hengist and Horsa.
Ebelleben, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg Sonders-
hausen, on the Elbe; 20 NW. Erfurt, 11 NE.
Mnblhausen. Pop. 690.
Ebelsbach, X. Bavaria ; 2 N. Eltman.
Ebelloft, or Ebelstot, s-p. Deumark, in Jut
land, diocess of Aarhuus, in a bay of the Catte
gat, with a good harbour 15 NNE. Aarhuus.
Lon. 10. 41. E. Lat. 56. 11. N. Pop. 598.
Eben, X. Bavaria; 12 N. Bamberg.
Eben, or Ebernilz, X. Baden ; 2 ESE. Freu-
denburg. Ebendorf X. Austria ; 9 W. Zistersdorf.
Ebenezer, v. Effingham co. Georgia, on W.
side of the Savannah ; 34 N. Savannah.
Ebenezer Creek, r. Georgia, which runs into
the Savannah, at the village of Ebenezer.
Ebenezer Academy, York district, S. C. ; 66
N. Columbia, W. 457.
Ebenezer Island, smallish in the Savannah,
near Purysburg.
Ebenfeld, X. Carniola; 3 S. Stettin.
Ebenfurlh, X. Austria, on the Leyta, built by
the Knights Templars ; 10 S. Vienna. Pop. 700.
Ebenhausen, X. Bavaria; 5 NNW. Schwein-
fort Ebenheit, v. Saxony ; 2 NE. Konigstein.
Ebensburg, p-t. fa cap. Cambria co. Pa. ; 53
W. Huntington, 75 E. Pittsburg, W. 190. Pop.
168. Ebensfeld, X. Stiria; 6 W. Pettau.
Ebenihal, X. Carinthia ; 2 SSE. Clagenfurt.
Ebenzwier, X. Austria ; 4 S. Gemunden.
Eberach, Burg, or Burg-Ebrach, X. Bavaria, on
the Maine ; 7 SW. Bamberg, 32 E. Wurzburg.

Eberach, (Closter,) X. Bavaria;. 12 W. Burg
Eberach, 15 SE. Schwcinfurt. Here is a cele
brated Cistertian abbey, founded in 1126,.onthe
Mittel Eberach. Among the late indemnities,
it was granted to Bavaria.
Eberach, (Mittel,) small river, Ger., which
joins Rauche Eberach, at Burg Eberach.
Eberach, (Rauche,) r. Ger., which rises 6 E.
Geroltzhofen, passes by Eberach, and runs into
the Rednitz, 3 S. Bamberg.
Eberach, (Reich,) r. Ger., which rises near
Geiselwinden, and runs into the Rednitz, 6 S.
Bamberg. Eberbach, X. Germany ; 13 WNW. Mentz.
Eberbach, X. Baden, on the Neckar, celebrat
ed for its wine ; 1 1 E. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,848.
Eberberg, or Ebernberg, t. fa castle, Pru. Cob
lentz ; 5 SW. Creutznach.
Ebergassing, t. Austria, on the Fischa, near
Vienna. Ebermanstadt, X. Bavaria on the Wisent ; 13
ESE. Bamberg. Pop. 1,300.
Ebern, t. Bav., Wurzburg, on the Paunach ;
24 E. Schweiiifurt, 40 NE. Wurzburg. Pop. 969.
Ebendorf X. Carinthia ; 14 E. Clagenfurt.
Ebernstein, X. Carinthia, on the river Gorst-
chitz ; 12 NNE. Clagenfurt.
Ebersbach, X. Nassau ; 6 NNE. Dillenburg.
Ebersbach, X. Bavaria ; 7 SSE. Forcheim.
Ebersbach, t. Bavaria; 4 ESE. Culmbach.
Pop. 700.
Ebersburg, X. Austria ; 8 SW. Ens. H. 58.
Ebersdorf t. Stiria ; 5 SSE. Hardeberg.
Ebersdorf X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 3 SSW.
Frankenberg. Ebersdorf, or Kotling Eberstorf X. Austria, on
the Danube ; 6 ESE. Vienna. Pop. 1,165.
Ebersdorf, X. Weimar ; 5 WNW. Weyda.
Ebersdorf X. Ger., in Reuss ; ifN; Lobenstein.
Pop. 1,068.
Ebershard, X. fa castle, Hungary ; 7 SE. Pres-
burg. Eberspach, t. Wurt. ; 13 SE. Biberach. P. 800.
Ebersperg, X. Bavaria ; 19 ENE. Munich.
Eberspeunt, X. Bavaria ; 34 ENE. Munich.
Eberstadt, X. Baden ; 9 W. Mergentheim.
Pop. 600.
Eberstadt, X. Hesse ; 4 S. Darmstadt. Pop.
1,367. Eberstallzell, X. Austria ; 8 S. Wells.
Ebesfalva, or Elisabetherstadl, t Transylva
nia, in Kokelburg. Lon. 24. 35. E. Lat. 46. 12.
N. Pop. 2,035.
Ebher, X. Persia, in Irak, on a river of the
same name, in a fertile country; 40 W. Cas-
bin. It contains about 2,500 houses, and many
mosques, caravanseras, bazars, and other hand
some buildings; in one part of the town the
Turkish language is spoken, in the other the
Persian. This town, according to report, was
anciently called Baronthe.
EberlshauSen, X. Germany ; 7 NE. Meinungen.
Ebillee, (an. Vepillium,) X. Africa, in Sahara ;
45 W. Gabs.
Ebhausen, X. Wurt, district of Nagold. Pop.
1,194. Ebin, or Y6in, one of the smaller Philippine
islands, in the E. Indian sea.
Ebingen, X. Wurtemberg; 22 S.Tubingen, 36
S. Stuttgart. Pop. 3,747.

Xj\j\J

535

ECK

20 E.

1 Eblana, now Dublin.
Ebmat, X. Sax., Vogtland ; 5 S. Oelsnitz.
Ebn Amor, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas; 20 NE
Mecca. ¦ Ebn Ispahan, X. Persia ; 3 m. from Ispahan
Eboli,X. Naples, in Principato-Citra ; 20
Salerno. Pop. 5,270.
Ebojilo, volcano, New Grenada, in_Choco,W.
of Antioquia.
Ebora, see Evora.
Eboracum, now York.
Ebreichstorf X. Austria; 8 NNE. Ebenfurth.
Pop. 1,050.
Ebro, (an.Iberus,) r. Spain, which once served
as a boundary between the dominions of Rome
and Carthage, has its source in a little valley E.
Reiuosa, and proceeds from a copious spring at
the foot of an ancient tower called Fontibre :
and after traversing many open and fertile dis
tricts, passes by the city of Tortosa, where there
is a bridge of boats over it, and then falls into
the Mediterranean, at the Alfach island ; but on
account of its rapid current and many rocks and
shoals it is not navigable higher than Tortosa,
nor even so far, except for small craft. Length,
350 miles.
Ebreuil, or Ebreuille, X. France, in Allier, on
the Scioule ; 6 W. Gannat. Pop. 1,781.
E6ringen,t. Baden; 5 S. Freyburg. Pop. 1,050.
Ebrodwium, now Embrun.
Ebsdorf X. Hesse Cassel, between Amonen-
burg and Hornburg.
Ebstorf X. Hanover, in Luneburg ; 7 WNW.
Cltzen ; celebrated for its honey. Pop. 709.
Ebuda, now Hebrides.
Ebus, or Bos, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near W. coast of Mindanao, about 1 \ m. in circ.
forming within it a large and good harbour ; 15
N. Bunwoot
Eburovices, now Evreux.
Ebusus, now Ivica.
Ecaltepec, X. Mexico, in Guaxaca ; 90 E. St.
Yago. Ecalgrain, bay or creek of the English channel,
on the coast of France, between Cape Ander-
ville, and the Nez de Jobourg.
Ecbatana, capital of Media, once a city of
great splendour, and the summer residence of
the kings of Persia and Media. The scite of this
city is not certainly known. It is usually fixed
at Hamadan. Some place it at Casbin, and
others at Tauris.
Ecbatana Magorum, now Gnerden.
Ecce-Homo, X. New Grenada, in the govern
ment of Pamplona; 24 SW. Pamplona.
Ecclesall Bierlow, X. Eng., in the W. riding of
Yorkshire; 3 SW. Sheffield. Pop. 6,569.
Ecclesbourn, r. Eng., which runs into the Der
went, in Derbyshire.
Ecclesfechan, t Scot., Dumfries ; 15 E. Dum
fries. Eccleshall, X. Eng., in Stafford, on the Sow,
with n weekly market on Friday ; 7 NW. Staf
ford, 142 NW. London. Lon. 2. 17. W. Lat. 52.
48. N. Pop. 1,016.
Ecclesiastical State, see State of the Church.
Eccleshill, X. En?., in W. riding of Yorkshire ;
199 N. London. Pop. 1,608.
Echallens, or Tscherlitz, X. Switz. in Vaud ; 6
N. Lausanne.

Echalar, t. Spain, Navarre ; 20 N. Pamplona.
Ecelesfield, X. Eng., in the W. riding of York
shire ; 5 N. Sheffield. Pop. 5,805.
Eccleslon, X. Eng, in Lancashire ; 7 N W.War
rington. Fop. 1,584.
Ecdippa, now Zeb.
Echardsau, X. Austria ; 12 E. Entzersdorf.
Echarri, X. Spain, Navarre ; 17 E. Pamplona.
Echatuh, X. Bengal ; 4 NE. Koonda.
Echaubroignes, (Les,) X. France, Two-Sevres ;
4 N. Chatillon sur Sevre. Pop. 1,619.
Echauffou, t. France, in Orne, 9 W. L'Aigle.
Pop. 2,134.
Echebrune, X. France, in Lower-Charente. 1?
S. Saintes. H. 240.
Echelle, (L',) X. France, in Ardennes ; 8 S.
Rocroy. Echelles, (Les,) X. Savoy ; 10 SW. Chambery.
Pop. 920. It is situated in a narrow valley, on a
small river, called the Guier-vif, in the road
from Grenoble to Chambery.
Echelsbeke, X. Flanders. 6 N. Bergues.
Echenay, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 7 ENE.
Joinville. Echez, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Neckar; 6 NE. Reutlingen.
Echilleuse, X. France, Loiret ; 7 E. Pithiviers.
Echinades, see Curzolari.
Echinou, t. Thessaly ; 8 NE. Zeiton.
Echire, X. France, in Two-Sevres, on the
Sevre Niortoise ; 4 N. Niort
EcAo, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 13 NW. Jaca.
Echojoa, X. New Mexico, in JMayo ; 10 NE.
Santa Cruz.
EcAt, t. Limburg ; 9 S. by W. Ruremond. Pop.
3,000. Echtendingen, X. Wurt. ; 5 S. Stutgard. Pop.
1,450. Echternach, or Epternach, X. Neth., in Luxem
burg, on the Sour ; 8 W. Treves, 18 NNE. Lux
emburg. Pop. 3,662.
Echzell, X. Hesse ; 14 SE. Wetzlar. Pop. 1,213.
Ecija, or Exija, (an. Colonia Augusta Firmia,
fa Astigis,) X. Spain, in Seville, on the Xenil ; 55
ENE. Seville. Lon. 5. 5. W. Lat. 37. 31. N.
Pop. 28,176. H. 6,000. It contains 6 parishes,
16 convents, and 15 hospitals, and is situated in
a valley surrounded with small hills, which
makes it the warmest place of Aadalusia. Wool
and hemp are the chief riches of the place.
Ecija, San Christoval de la Nueva, city, S. A.
in Cumana. It is a place of considerable trade
in hides and Brazil wood.
Ecija, X. Quito. Lon. 75. 38. W. Lat. 27. 30. N.
Eckartsberga, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merseberg;
10 WSW. Naumburg, 10 S. Nebra. Lon. 11. 4L
E. Lat. 51. 8. N. Pop. 840.
Eckdala, or Akdala, ancient fortress, Bengal,
in Dacca, of which little now remains. Lon,
96. 45. E. Lat. 24. 4. N.
Eckernfohrde, or Ekerford, or Eckelenforde, t.
Denmark, in Sleswick ; 10 S. Sleswick. Lon
9. 49. E. Lat. 54. 53. N. Pop. 2,091.
Ecker,r. Ger., which rises in Wernigerode,and
runs into the Ocker, 10 S. Wolfenbuttel.
Eckkeren, v. Neth., Antwerp ; 5 N. Antwerp.
Pop. 2,800. Here a battle was fought in the
year 1703, between the army of France and
the Allies.

Eckero, or Uckeron, small island, Sweden,

EDA

536

"EDE

between the Baltic and the gulf of Finland, a
little W.of Aland. Lon. 19. 24. E. Lat. 60. 15.N.
Eckershausen, X. Bav.; 4 NNE. Arnstein.
Eekersmuhl, X. Bavaria, on the Roth ; 3 SSE.
Roth. Eckhards, t. Ger. ; 5 NW. Wasungen.
Eckill, X. Hind., Allahabad; 30NE.Gazypour.
Eckmuhl, X. Bavaria, in Regen ; 16 W. Straub-
ing. A severe battle was fought here April 22,
1809, by the French under Bonaparte, and the
Austrians under Archduke Charles. The latter
were defeated.
Eckolsheim, or Eggolsheim, X. Bav.; 3 N. For-
cheim. Pop. 700.
Eckwerdsheyde, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 7 N. Neisse.
Eckington, v. fa. parish, Eng., in Derbyshire ;
6 Chesterfield, 157 NNW. London. Pop. 2,889.
Eclairon, or Eclaron, X. France, in Upper-
Marne, on the Blaise ; 5 W. St. Dizier. Pop.
1,200. Eclava, r. New Grenada, which flows into the
Orinoco. Eclipse Islands, cluster of small, barren, rocky
islands, in the S. Pacific ocean, near SW. coast
of New Holland. Lon. 118. 10. E. Lat. 35. 8. S.
Ecloo, see Eeclo.
Ecluse, (Fort de I',) fort, Switz., in Geneva,
on the Rhone ; 13 W. Geneva.
Ecluse, (L',) X. France, North ; 6 S. Douay.
Ecluse, (L\) see Sluys.
Ecmangunge, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 76 SSW.
Patna. Ecommay, t. France, in Sarte ; 12 S. Le Mans.
Pop. 2,662.
Econah, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 9 E. Raat.
Ecots, or Ecos, X. France, in Eure ; 7 NNE.
Vernon. Ecouche, X. France, in Orne ; 4 W. Argentan.
Pop. 1,492. The principal trade ofthe inhabi
tants is making clocks ; with manufactures of
cloth and stuffs.
Ecouen, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 5 N.
St. Deny's. Pop. 992.
Ecouy, X. France, in Eure ; 4 N. Grand An-
delys. Pop. 568.
Ecpol, X. Ceylon ; 50 NW. Candy.
Ecson sur Salin, t, Savoy ; 6 SE. Monstier.
Ectowah, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 25 NE.
Chatterpour. Ectacolla, X. Bengal ; 15 SSW. Goragot
Ecucillie, X. France, in Indre ; 14 NE. Chatil
lon. Pop. 1,200.
Ecurolles,X. France, in Allier; 4NE. Gannat.
Pop. 1,100.
Eczeri, X. Mingrelia ; 5 S. Ilori.
Ed, X. Sweden, in West-Gothland ; 33 N. Ud-
devalla. Ed, X. Sweden, in Smaland; SO N. Calmar.
Ed, X. Sweden, in Angermannland; 50 NNW.
Hernosand. Edo, t Sweden, in Warmeland ; 40 N. Carl
stadt. Edalli, X. Hind., in Berar ; 27 S. Itchapour.
Edam, island near Batavia, where the Dutch
place criminals, and employ them in divers sorts
of work.
¦Edam, t North., in Holland, near the Zuyder
sea; 12 N. Amsterdam. Lon. 5. 3. E. Lat. 52.
31. N. Pop. 2,745. It is built in a triangular
term, and has a good port, formed by the river

Ey, on which it stands, and which, with the
dam thrown up against the inundations of that
river, gives its name to the town.
Edambavanum, X. Carnatic ; 18 S. Negapatam.
Eday, one of the Orkney islands ; about 7
miles long, and from £ to 2 broad. It contains
several villages. Lon. 2. 41. W. Lat. 59. 4. N.
Pop. about 600.
Edbo, X. Sweden, Upland; 30 ENE. Upsal.
Eddington, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the
Penobscot ; 40 NNE. Castine, 245 NE. Boston,
W. 693. Pop. 271.
Eddred-si, small isl. in the Red sea ; 6 m. from
the coast of Arabia. Lon. 41. 33. E. Lat. 17.
10. N.
Eddy Grove, p-v. Caldwell co.Ken. ; W. 696.
Eddy Island, small isl. near W. coast of Ire
land, in the bay of Galway. Lon. 8. 56. W. Lat.
53. 10. N.
Eddyslone Rocks, well known to seamen who
navigate the English Channel, consisting of 3
principal ridges, and extending 600 or 700 miles
in length. They lie nearly in the fair way from
the Start to the Lizard, and are therefore an
object of the utmost importance to mariners.
Hence it is, that on the summit of the largest
rock a lighthouse has been erected, to serve as
a beacon or signal, to avoid the danger, as they
are covered with a flood tide, but become dry
at the ebb. The foundation of the lighthouse is
one entire solid mass of stones to the height of
35 feet, engrafted into each other, and united
by every means of additional strength. It is
about 80 feet in height; 15 SSW. Plymouth,
45 E. Lizard Point. Lon. 4. 15. W. Lat. 50.
11. N.
Eddyslone, elevated rock in the S. Indian
ocean, near S. coast of New Holland, a little E.
of Swilly rock ; so called from its great resem
blance to the celebrated lighthouse in the Eng
lish channel.
Eddyslone, rock, on the coast of Patagonia.
Lon. 65. 56. W. Lat 48. 30. S.
Eddystone, rock in the Pacific ocean, near S.
coast of New Georgia. Lon. 156. 34. E. Lat. 8.
12. S.
Eddyslone, (New,) remarkable rock in Bhem's
canal, on W. coast of N. America; its circum
ference at its base is about 50 yards, standing
perpendicularly on a surface of fine dark colour
ed sand. It is entirely detached at the distance
of 2 miles from the E. and 1 from the W. shore
of the inlet. Height, 250 feet. Lon. 229. 15. E.
Lat. 55. 29. N.
Eddyville, p-t. fa cap., Caldwell co. Ken., on
the Cumberland, 40 miles from its mouth; 100
NNW. Nashville, 220 WSW. Lexington, W. 806.
Pop. in 1810, 190. It is situated in a fertile
countiy. Ede Tepelar, see Theneate el Gannim.
Edelbach, X. Austria ; 6 ESE. Bavarian Waid-
hoven. Edelstein, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 5 S. Ziegen-
thals. Eden, X. Orleans co. Vt ; 37 N. Montpelier.
Pop. 201.
Eden, p-t. Hancock co. Maine ; 36 E. Castine,
285 NE. Boston. Pop. 764.
Eden, X. Pru. Minden ; 1 ESE. Rietberg.
Eden, r. Eng., which, rises in Westmoreland,

XjUOj

52t7

EDr

en the borders of Yorkshire, crosses the county
of Cumberland, and runs into the arm of the
sea, called Solway Frith, about 7 miles below
Carlisle. ... ,
Eden, r. Scot, which runs into the Tweed,
not far from Coldstream.
Eden, X. Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo, on
the Libanus ; 16 NE. Tripoli.
Edert, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. oa lake Erie ; 25
SSW. Buffalo, 268 W. Albany, W. 429. P. 1,065.
Edera, r. Scot., which rises in Kinross-shire,
and crossing the^ county of Fife, runs into the
German sea, Lon. 2, 51. W. Lat. 56. 22. N.
Edenborough, p-t. Ripley co. Indiana; 97 In-
dianopolis, W. 577.
Edenburg, p-v. Saratoga co, N. Y. ; 43 Alba
ny, W. 418.
Edenburg, or Oedenburg, or Soprony, (an.
Sopronium,) X. Hungary, capital of a county ;
29 SW. Presburg, 36 SE. Vienna. Lon. 16. 41.
E. Lat. 47. 43. N. Pop. 12,422. H. 775. It is
situated in a pleasant district, is well built, and
contains 1 Lutheran, and 2 Catholic churches,
a cathedral chapter, and a Lutheran and a
Catholic gymnasium. It has riianufactures of
fine woollens, of glass, and potash, also a sugar
refinery. But its chief trade is in corn and cat
tle ; 40,000 head of cattle, and 80,000 hogs are
sold here yearly. — Pop. of the county 164,717.
Sq. m. 1,223. This county produces excellent
wines ; also grain and fruit.
Edenderry, X. Ireland, in King's county ; 29
W. Dublin. It was formerly a place of strength.
Eden's Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of S. C. Lon. 80. 20. W. Lat. 32. 34. N.
Edenkoben, X. Bav., circle ofthe Rhine ; 5 S.
Neustadt Pop. 3,290.
Edenton, s-p., fa cap. Chowan co. N. C, at
the head of Edenton bay, which sets up from
Albemarle sound ; 58 N. by E.Washington, 66
S. Norfolk, 99 NNE. Newbern, 139 SE. Peters
burg, Va., 192 NNE. Wilmington, W. 289. Lon.
67. 7. W. Lat. 36. N. Fop. 1,561. It contains
an elegant court house, a jail, a bank, and an
Episcopal church. It is advantageously situat
ed for trade, but the climate is unhealthy. The
shipping owned here, in 1816, amounted to
6,310 tons. A newspaper is published here.
Eder, X. Morocco, op the coast of the Atlan
tic ; 10 N. Cape Cantin.
Eder, i. Bohemia, which runs into the Elbe,
at Leitmeritz.
Eder, (an. Adrana,) r. Ger., which rises in
Nassau Siegen, about 6 NE. Siegen., passes by
Berleburg, Franckenburg, Felsberg,fac., and
runs into the Fulda, 5 m. above Cassel.
Eder, t.'A. Turkey, in Diarbekir,. on the Eu
phrates ; 8 S. Kerkisieh.
Ederic, X. Little Bukharia; .130 NE. Cashgar.
Ederitz, X. Anhalt Cothen ; 4 S. Cothen.
Edesheim, or Edisheim, t. Bavaria, circle of
the Rhine ; 14 W. Spire. Pop: 1,375.
Edessa, or Mgea, now Vodina, X. Eu. Turkey,
in Macedonia, near the Vistricza, called by the
Turks Moghna; 44 WNW. Saloniki, 316 W.\
Constantinople. Lon. 22. 2. E. Lat. 40/51. N.
Pop. 12,000. It was at one time the residence
of the Macedonian kings, before Philip embeU
lished Pella.
Edessa, see Ourfa.
Vol. I. 68

Edfu, or Etfu, (an. Apollinopolis Magna,) t,
Egypt, on the left bank ofthe Nile ; 25 SSE. As
na, 53 N. Syene. Here is a considerable monu
ment of antiquity used as a citadel; besides
which there are the ruins ofthe temple of Apollo,
which, though it has suffered considerable di
lapidations, is next to that of Dendera, the most
perfect specimen of Egyptian architecture.
This was one of the places where the grand
mysteries were celebrated.
Edfuerim, X. Norway ; 36 N. Bergen.
Edgartown, s-p. & cap. Duke's co. Mass., on
E. part of Martha's Vineyard, 14 miles from
the main ; 87 S. Boston, W. 500. Lon. 70. 26
W. Lat. 41. 25. N. Pop. 1,374. It is sometimes
called Old Town. Near Old Town harbour
there is a handsome village, containing a court
house, a jail, and meeting house, and 80 or 90
houses. The shipping belofiging to this port,
in 1816, amounted to 1,127 tons.
Edgcott, v. Eng., Northampton, on the bor
ders of Oxfordshire, near which, at a place call
ed Dansemore, a battle was fought between the
Saxons and the Danes ; 4 N. Banbury.
Edgcombe, co. central part of N. C. Pop. ia
1810, 12,433; slaves 5,107. Pop. in 1820,
13,276. Edgecombe, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 2 E.
Wiscasset, 170 NE. Boston, W. 607. Pop. 1,629.
' Edgcumb Bay, bay on NE. coast of New
Holland. Lat. 20. S.
Edgefield, district, SW. part of S. C. ; W. 564;
Pop. in 1810, 23,160; slaves 8,576. Pop. in
1820, 25,119. Edgefield C. H. is 20 miles from
Abbeville C. H., 25 ENE. Augusta, 57 WSW,
Columbia. Edgeworth-lown, small town, Ireland, Long
ford, the residence of the family of Edgeworth.
Edghill, place, Eng., in Warwick; 2 SSE.
Kineton. It is memorable for the first battle
fought between Charles I. and the army of the
parliament, on the 22d day of October, 1642,
in which 5,000 men were killed. Neither party
could claim the victory. Essex, who command
ed for the republicans, retired to Warwick, and
the king to Banbury.
Edgmont, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 640.
Edgware, X. Eng., in Middlesex, on the bor
ders of Hertfordshire, with a weekly market oa
Thursday ; 10 NW. London. Pop. 543.
Edgworth, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near Man
chester. Pop. 1,003.
Edghir, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 10 W. Ra-
chore, 70 SW. Hydrabad; Lon. 77.43. E. Lat.
16. 25. N.
Edgong, X. Bengal ; 50 S. Islamabad.
Edikofenf X. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 4 N.
Landau. Here a battle was fought between the
Prussians and French, July 12, 1794.
Edilabad, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 32 SE. Bur
hampour. ' Edinburgh, X. Saratoga co. N.Y.; 26 N. Balls-
ton, 50 WNW. Albany. Pop. 1,469.
Edinburgh, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 115.
' Edinburgh, city, Scot., capital of the king
dom and of the county to which it gives
name ; 42 E. Glasgow, 396 N. London. Lon 3
10. W. Lat. 55. 58. N. Pop. in 1811, includ
ing Leith, 102,987 ; of the city alone 82,624
Males 354275 ; females 47;329. It is ]J m from'

EDI

53S

EDI

the frith of Forth, s"urroundedon all sides by lofty
hills, excepting on the north, where the ground
declines gently towards the frith of Forth. On
the east, in the immediate vicinity of the city,
are the abrupt and rocky elevations of Calton
hill, Artbur's-seat, and Salisbury-crags ; the last
rising to the elevation of 800 feet above the
sea ; on the south are the hills of Braid and the
Pentland hills ; and on the west the hill of Cor-
storphine. The city stands on high and uneven
ground, being built on three eminences, and
the hills by which it is encompassed, particu
larly the Salisbury-crags, which form a range
of naked and perpendicular rocks, rising like a
wall to the summit of the hill, render its situa
tion singularly romantic ; and in the vicinity
are many fine walks and interesting views.
The city is nearly 2 miles1 in length; and al
most as much in breadth, about 8 miles circuit ;
divided by a valley into two parts, Old and
New Town. The former has been built at dif
ferent periods, with little order or regularity,
and the houses in some parts rise to the height
of 11 stories'. The principal street, High street,
is more than a mile long, and in some parts 90
feet wide. The New Town is built on the
northernrnost of the eminences, and is con
nected with the Old by the North-bridge and
the Earthern-mounds, an immense collection
of rubbish. It is entirely of modern erection,
being built altogether of stone, and disposed in
ample streets and spacious squares, which for
elegance and regularity are scarcely exceeded
by those of any other city in the world. The
three principal streets in the New Town, are
Prince's street, 4,110 feet long by 100 broad ;
George's street, 2,640 feet by 1 15 ; and Queen's
street, 4,440 by 100. Leith, the port of Edin
burgh, is nearly 2 miles distant to the northeast,
but the space is gradually decreasing.
Of all the public works the Castle is the most
remarkable. It is situated at the western ex
tremity of the Old Town, on a rugged rock,
which rises on 3 sides from a level plain to the
height of 150 to 200 feet, in some parts perpen
dicular. The summit is crowned with military
works, presenting an aspect inexpressibly grand
and romantic. The castle occupies an area of
7 acres. On the opposite or eastern extremity
of the Old Town stands the palace bf Holyrood,
a large quadrangle of hewn stone, for several
centuries the residence of the kings of Scot
land. Other remarkable edifices are the Par
liament house, now occupied by the supreme
courts, the Royal Exchange, the Register-office,
custom house, the Excise-office, the Physicians'
hall, the university, and a number of churches.
On the summit of Calton hill stands a monu
ment erected in honour of lord Nelson, 1081'eet
in height.
There are 49 places of public worship ; 18
belonging to the establishment, 6 to Episcopa
lians, 4 to Burghers, 3 to Anti-Burghers, 4 to
the Relief, 4 to Baptists, 2 to Independents, 1
Gaelic, 1 Methodist; 1 Cameronian, 1 Berean,
1 Glassite, 1 Catholic, 1 Quaker, and 1 Unita
rian. The principal charitable institution is
Heriot's hospital, for educating and maintain
ing the sons of burgesses and freemen. It was
erected in 1650, at the expense of £30,000, and

had, in 1818, 175 youths. There are 6 or 8 other
hospitals. The city contains 12 banking com
panies. The bank of Scotland and the Royal
Bank, have each a capital of £1,000,000.
The university of Edinburgh was founded in
1582, and is one of the most celebrated semi
naries in the world, and as a medical school is
not surpassed by any in Europe. It has 27 pro
fessors, 3 of theology, 4 of law, 11 of medicine,
and 9 of arts and sciences, and was attended, in
1S19, by 2,250 students. The mode of instruc
tion, as in the German Protestant universities,
is by lectures. No particular course of aca-
deriiical education is followed, nor do the pro
fessors exercise any control over the other pur
suits of the students. Every student attends
what lectures he chooses, and lives where and
how he pleases. The university has a libraiy
of upwards of 50,000 volumes, an excellent mu
seum of natural history, and a botanic garden,
occupying about 5 acres. — The High-school,
the principal grammar school of the city, was
established in 1578, and has a rector and 4
masters ; attended in 1818, by 800 scholars.
There is an academy for design, and a royal
academy for the practice of horsemanship.
Of the literary associations the most import
ant is the Royal Society, established in 1782.
There are also the Royal Society of Antiqua
ries, the Wernerian Society, the Astronomical
Institution having an observatory on Calton-
hill, the Highland'Society, the Faculty of Ad;
vocates, and the Royal Colleges of Physicians
and Surgeons. The professions both of law and
medicine are greatly distinguished. The num
ber enrolled on the list of advocates, in 1814,
was 276, though scarcely more than 30 gain a
livelihood exclusively by their profession. The
Advocates library contains about 80,000 print
ed volumes, and 1,000 MSS; the Attorneys'
library 15, or 20,000.
Edinburgh is supported chiefly by its courts
of justice, of which the jurisdiction extends all
over Scotland, and by their numerous retainers ;
also by the university and other seminaries. It
is a great literary metropolis, a rendezvous of
luxury and fashion, and is the resort during the
winter of many opulent families. It is neither
a trading or manufacturing town, except for
administering to the wants of the inhabitants.
The business of printing arid bookselling is car
ried on to a great extent ; and various periodi
cal and other publications have a high reputa
tion: Among them may be mentioned the
Edinburgh Review, which, in 1818, circulated
14,000 quarterly copies. Two newspapers are
published thrice a week, 2 twice a week, and
3 once a week. The character and manners of
the inhabitants are such as may reasonably be
expected in the literary metropolis of a well
educated kingdom. — Natives, Leighton, Burnet,
Hume, Blair, fac.
Edinburghshire, or Mid Lothian, co. Scot,
bounded' N. by the frith of Forth, E. by Had
dingtonshire, Berwickshire, and Roxburghshire,
S. by Selkirkshire, Peebleshire, and Lanerk-
shire, and W. by Linlithgowshire. Its form is
nearly the segment of a circle, about 30 miles
from E. to W., from 6 to 20 from N. to S.
Sq. miles 630. Acres 230,400. Pop. in 1811,

H<1<.U

539

EGE

148,607. The soil is fertile, and produces corn
of all sorts, and plenty of grass for cattle ; it
contains mines of coal, copper, limestone, and
black marble. The principal- towns are Edin
burgh, Dalkeith, Leith; and Musselburgh.
Edingdon, or Edindon, (an. Eathandune,) v.
Eng., in Wilts ; 4 E. Westbury. Pop. 417. At
this place the Danes were defeated by Alfred.
Edington, X. Penobscot co. Maine. Pop. 271.
Edisheim, t. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine ; 5
NW. Landau. Pop. 1,375.
Edisto, or Pompon, r. S. C, which crosses
Orangeburg and Charleston districts and runs
into the Atlantic, by 2 mouths, 20 S. Charles
ton. It is navigable for large boats 100 miles.
Edisto, isl.- S. C. ; 40 SW. Charleston, with
which it is connected by a good inland naviga
tion. It is 12 miles long, and from 1 to 5 broad.
Pop. in 1808, S36 whites, and 2,600 slaves. It
is productive in cotton, to the culture of which
it is devoted. Here are 2 churches, one for
Presbyterians, and one for Episcopalians. — It is
separated from Wadmelaw and John's islands,
by North Edisto inlet, which affords a good
harbour for small vessels.
Edit, t. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 25 N.
Gottenburg. Edifco, or Etko, t. Egypt, on N. coast of lake
Maade, called also the lake of Edko ; 8 WSW.
Rosette. Edmeslon, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 18 W. Otse
go, 84 W. Albany, W- 374. Pop. 1,841.
Edmonton, p-t. Barren co. Ken. ; 118 Frank
fort, W. 655.
Edmonton, v. Eng., in Middlesex ; 6 N. Lon
don. Pop. 6,093.
Edmonsburg, p-t. Caroline co. Va. ; W. 100.
Ednagur, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; ,20 NW.
Nander. Ednam, v. Scot, Roxburghshire, near Kelso.
— Native, James Thomson.
Edolo, X. Italy, Brescia ; 15 N. Breno. Pop.
2,900. Edom, see Idumced.
Edrenos, (an. Hadriani,) t. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia, on a river of the same name ; 20 S. Bursa,
65 WNW. Kiutaja.
Edsan, r. Russia, which runs into the Lena,
20 SE. Zigansk.
Edskon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 8. E. Lat. 60. 48. N.
Edswol, X. Norway ; 18 SW. Bergen.
Edwais, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 6. E. Lat. 60. 55. N.
Edwards, co. Illinois. Pop.3,444. Chief towns,
Albion and Palmyra.
Edwardsburg, t. Upper Canada, on the St.
Lawrence, NE, of Kingston.
Edwardsville, p-t. fa cap. Madison co. Illinois ;
15 NNE. Cahokia, 55 Vandalia, 75 N. Kaskas-
kia, W. 886. Lon. 89. 55. W. Lat 38. 50. N. It
contains a land office, a bank, and a printing
office. It is situated in a very fertile tract of
country, and is one of the handsomest and
most flourishing towns in the state.
Edway, r. S. Wales, which runs into the
Wye, 4 SE. Builth.
Edwiih, r. Eng., which joins the Usk, at its
niouth. Eeclo, or Eecloo, t. Neth., in E. Flanders,

capital of a district; 10 NW. Ghent- Pop. 6,269.
Pop. of the district 42,484.
Eed, X. Norway ; 24 NNW. Drontheim.
Eedt, X. Austria; 14 ESE. Ens.
Eegholm, island, Denmark, in the Great Belt.
Lon. 11. 12. E. Lat. 55. 44. N.
Eel, lake, N. A. Lon. 98. 50. W. Lat. 49.. N.
Eel River, p-v. Owen co. Indiana ; 160 In'di-
anopolis, W. 799.
Eel River, r. Indiana, a head branch of the
Wabash. Eel River Indians, on the head waters ofthe
Wabash. : .
Eelwyck, t. Norway ; 20 W. Romsdal.
Eemburg, or Emburg, X. Neth.,' Utrecht, on
the Ems-; 5 NNW. Emersfort
Eems, r. Holland, which runs into the Zuy-
der sea, below Eemburg.
Eemleah, X. Hind., Chanderee ; 28 N. Saipour:
Eeningburg, v. N. Holland, where the Eng
lish had a post in 1799 ; 8 N. Alcmaer.
Eenrum, v. Neth. ; 12 N. by W. Groningen.
Pop. 800.
Eersel,\. Neth., in North Brabant; 6 SW.
Eyndhbven. Pop. 845.
Eetona, t. Bengal ; 20 NE. Dacca.
Efbe, small isl. in the Et Indian sea, near E.
coast of the island of Mysol, to which it forms
an harbour. Lon. 127. E. Lat. 2. 12. S.
Efesc, X. Natolia; 32 SSE. Smyrna.
Effeld, t Bavaria ; 4 E. Volckach.
Efferding, X. Austria ; 10 W. Lintz, 100 W.
Vienna. Lon. 13. 59. E. Lat. 48. 17. N.
Effingham, co. NE. part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 2,586; slaves 1,010. Pop. in 1820, 3,018.
Effingham, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 67 NNW.
Portsmouth, W. 555. Pop. 1,368.
Efflui, t. Norway ; 32 N. Christiansand.
Effoyes, X. France, Aube ; 9 E. Bar sur Seine.
Eflani, X. Natolia ; 32 ESE. Amasieh.
Efnanlu, lake, Natolia; 36 W. Boli.
Efri Imam,X. Arabia ; 20 N. Jidda.
Efrim, t. Egypt ; 27 ESE. Alexandria.
Efza, r. Hesse, which runs into the Dimel,
at Drentleburg.
Efse, r. Hesse, which runs into the Schwalm,
3S. Felsberg.
Ega, r. Spain, which runs into the Ebro,
about 3 miles below Calahorra.
Ega, or Aega, X. Portugal, Beira; 7 SSW.
Coimbra. Lon. 8. 17. W. Lat. 40. 10. N.
Egakto, one ofthe smaller Kurile islands, in
N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 154. 24. E. Lat. 49. 5. N.
Egbel,X. Hungary; 8 W. Topoltzan.
Egek, X. Hungary ; 8 ESE. Levens.
Egelen, t. Pru. Magdeburg ; 16 SW. Magde
burg. Pop. 2,096.
Egelsdorf X. Bavaria ; 8 E. Lauringen.
Egenburg, or Eggenburg, X. Austria ; 12 SW.
Znaym, 36 NW. Vienna. Lon. 15. 35. E.. Lat
48. 37. N. Fop. 1,400.
Egenhausen, X. Bavaria ; 10 NNW. Anspach.
Pop. 345.
Egenotiso, isl. in E. Indian sea, about 20 m.
in circ. ; 50 miles from the NE. coast of Su
matra. Lon. 104. 45. E. Lat. 0. 27. S.
Eger, r. Ger., which rises near Laucheim, and
after crossing the county of Oettingen from E.
to W. runs into the Wernitz, at Harburg.
Eger, r. which rises in Swabia, passes by

EGI

540

ERG

Jtfordlingen, and runs info the Wernitz, 6 N.
Donauwert. Eger, see Egra.
Eger, see Erlau.
Egeri, lake, Helvetic Republic; 8 SE. Zug.
Egeri, or Aegeri, one of the grand communi
ties, which, with the town' of Zug, form the
canton of Zug. In this district, on a mountain
eajled Mongarten, a famous battle was fought,
iri the year 1315.
Egerness, cape of the SW. coast of Scot., in
Wigton bay. Lon. 4. 22. W. Lat. 54. 54. N.
Egero, small isl. near the coast of Norway,
in the North sea ; 24 S. Stavanger.
Egersheim, X, Bavaria; 6 E. Uffenheim.
Egersleban, t Pru. Thuringia-; 4 S. Sanger-
shausen. Egerseg, t Hungary, capital of the county of
Szalad, on the Sala; 14.W. St. Groth. Lon.
16. 51. E. Lat. 46. 66. N. Pop. 3,044.
tg, X. Norway ; 48 ENE. prontheim.
g, one ofthe W. island? of Scotland, about
10 miles in circ; 4 S. isle of Skye.
figg Harbour, (Great,) s-p, Gloucester co.
N. J , on the bay of the same name. Pop. of
the township, 1,635. A considerable quantity
of pine is exported from this place. The ship
ping owned here, in 1816, amounted to 5,154
tons. Egg Harbour, (Great,) bay on the coast of
N. J. Lon. 74. 30. W. Lat. 39. 20. N.
Egg Harbour, (Little,) s-p. Burlington co.
N. J., on the bay of the same name. Pop. 1,102.
Here is a small village, called Clam Town,
Which has some trade. The shipping owned
here, in 1816, amounted to 2,032 tons.
Egg Harbour, (Little,) bay on the coast of
N. J. Lon. 74. 23. W. Lat. 89. 32. N.
Egg Island, isl. on N. side of Delaware bay,
in Cumberland co^N. J.
Egg Island, small isl, on E. coast of Virginia,
at the mouth of York river.
Egg Island, small isl. in the straits of Magel
lan ; 7 NE. York Minster.
Egg River, r. N. A., which runs into Hudson's
bay, Lon. 95. W. Lat. 60. 5. N.
Egge, r. Ger., which runs into the Danube,
near Dillingen.
Eggegmnd, small isl. on W. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 17. 20. E. Lat. 60. 44. N.
Eggenberg, X. Stiria; 3 WNW. Gratz.
Eggenfelden, X. Bavaria ; 12 SSE. Dingelfin-
gen. Pop. 1,188.
Eggenhausen, X. Bav. ; 6 S. Kissingen.
Eggenstein, v. Baden ; 4 N. Carlsruhe. P. 750.
Eggtron, X. Egypt ; 7 S. Atfieh.
Egham, v. fa parish, Eng., in Surry, adjoin
ing to which is Runnymead, where Magna
Charta was signed ; 2 W. Staines, 18 W. London
Fop. 2,823.
Eghil, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 45 N.
Diarbekir. Egholm, isl. Denmark, in Lymfiord gulf, of
an oval form, and about 5 miles in circ. with
a village. Lon. 9. 61. E. Lat. 57. 4. N.
Egholm, small isl. Denmark, about 2 miles
from NE. coast of the isl. of CErOe. Lon. 10.
30. E. Lat. 54. 55. N.
Egido, t. New-Grenada, in Merida.
Egilsha, one of the Orkney islands, about 6

miles in circ, a little E. Rousay. Lon.2. 49. W.
Lat. 59. N. Pop. 170.
Egisheim, X. France; on the Lauter, in Upper
Rhine, district of Colmar. Pop. 1,742.
Egletons, X. France, in Correze; 15 NE.
Tulle. Pop. 881.
Eglingen, X. Wurtemberg ; 6 N. Dillingen, 6
S. Nordlingen. Pop. 690.
Eglisau, X. fa bailiwic, Switz., in Zurich, on
the Thur ; 15 N. Zurich. Pop. 1,410.
Eglise-Neuve, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 8
S. Besse.
Eglish, X. Ireland, Tyrone ; 3 S. Dungannon.
Egloff, or Megloff, Wurtemberg ; 4 W. Isni.
Pop. 133.
Egmont Bay, bay on SW. of the island of St.
John, in the/gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 64.
W. Lat. 46. 30. N.
Egmont Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, 6
miles long and 4 broad ; the land is low and full
of trees. According to the report of Capt. Car
teret, the inhabitants of Egmont island are ex
tremely nimble, vigorous, and active, with a
bravery undismayed by the fire of musquetry.
They seem as fit to live in the water as on land.
The country in general is mountainous, cover
ed with woods, and intersected with many val
leys and small rivers. Lon. 138. 30. W. Lat. 19,
20. N.
Egmont Island, or New Guernsey, principal
island in the group called Queen Charlotte's
islands, in the S. Pacific ocean. This island is
about 54 miles in length, and from 20 lo 32 in
breadth. Lon. 166. E. Lat. 11. S.
Egmont Island, small isl. in the gulf of Mexi
co, ort W. coast of East-Florida, at the entrance
of Spiritu Santo bay. Lon. 82. 55. W. Lat. 27.
54. N.
Egmont op Zee, X. Holland, near the sea
coast ; 4 W. Alcmaer. Pop. 1,177. In Octo
ber, 1799, here was an engagement between
the French and English, in which the latter
were victorious.
Egmont-op-te-Hoef v. Holland, taken by the
English, in 1799 ; 4 W. Alcmaer. Pop. 1,200,
Egnberg, X. Austria; 8 NE. Gemunden.
Egoochshac, harbour on N. coast Of the island
of Unalashka. Captain Cook found here some
Russians settled for the purpose of purchasing
skins of the natives : they had a dwelling-house,
some store-houses, and a sloop of about thirty
tons burthen.
Egorapan, X. Canara ; 16 S. Carwar.
Egorbeusk, X. Russia, Riazan ; 28 N. Riazan.
Egorevskoi, X. Russia, in Kostrom ; 40 NE.
Kologria. Egra, Eger, or Chebbe, X. Bohemia, in Saatz,
capital of a district; 17 SW. Elnbogen, 76 W.
Prague. Lon. 12. 21. E. Lat. 50. 3. N. Pop.
8,111. H. 740. It was formerly imperial, and
has a castle, 7 churches, a hospital, and a Ca
tholic gymnasium. Near it are some medicinal
springs, the waters of which are exported in
bottles, sealed with the -arms of the town. —
Pop. ofthe district, 23,000. Sq. m. 106.
Egra, or Eger, r. which rises in Bavaria,
and runs into the Elbe, near Leitmeritz, in
Bohemia. Egremont, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 15 SSW,
Lenox, 150 W. Boston, W. 355. Pow. 865.

EGY

541

EHI

Egremont, X. Eng., in Cumberland, on a small
Tiver near the Irish sea ; market on Saturday ;
6 SSE. Whitehaven, 199 N. London. Lon. 3.
24. W. Lat. 54. 24. N. Pop. 1,556.
Egreville, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 9
SE. Nemours. Pop. 1,296.
Egripo, or Egribos, see Negropont.
Egnselles, X. France, in Yonne ; 7 S. Sens.
Egryar, X. Grand Bukharia ; 18 S. Samarcand.
Egvillar, X. Natolia, W. of Mount Ida, on
the Scamander, 9 miles from its source.
Eguilles, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
6 NW. Aix. Pop. 3,044.
Eguimuha, or Elgimuha, t. Morocco, at the
foot of Mount Atlas, near which is an iron mine.
Eguisheim, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 3
SW. Colmar. Pop. 1,500.
Egurende, X. France, in Correze ; 12 NE.
Ussel. Pop. 994. •
Eguzon, X. France, in Indre ; 9 S. Argenton.
Pop. 1,100.
Egwaid, t. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Danube, between Hochstettand Dillingen.
EGYPT, country, Africa, bounded N.by the
Mediterranean, E. by the isthmus of Suez and
the Red sea, S. by Nubia, and W. by the de-.
serte of Lybia ; between Lat. 23. 45. & 31. 27.
N. ; 600 miles long, and 200 or 300 broad. Sq.
m. about 120,000; ofthe cultivated part about
17,000. Divisions. Egypt is divided into Upper and
Lower ; the former extending 400 miles, from
Syene to Cairo ; the latter from Cairo to the
Mediterranean, 100 miles in length. This in
cludes the Delta of the Nile, where the river,
dividing itself into several, channels, diffuses
fertility over an alluvial tract of from 50 to 100
miles in breadth. The valuable. part of Upper
Egypt is a narrow belt of land extending on
both sides ofthe Nile, not exceeding 27 miles in
breadth, and enclosed between two ridges of
mountains. Some geographers divide Egypt
into 3 parts. — 1st, Upper Egypt, called by the
Greeks Thebais, now Said or Al Said, and ex
tending from Syene to Manfalout ; 2d, Middle
Egypt, called by the Greeks Heplanomis, now
Vostani; and, 3d, Lower Egypt, now called
Bdhira, or Rif; and including the Delta.
Towns. The principal towns of Egypt are
Cairo, the capital, Alexandria, Damietta, Ro-
setta, Gizeh, Mansora, Menuf, Suez, Fayoum,
Girge, Asna, Siut, Benisuef, Manfalout, Syene,
and Dendera.
Population. The population of Egypt, in
ancient times, stated by some at 7, or 8,000,000;
by others, very improbably, at 20,000,000. It
is now estimated at about 2,500,000 ; but by
some as high as 4,000,000.
Inhabitants. The inhabitants are Copts, Arabs,
Turks, and Jews. The Copts are the original
race, descended from the most ancient inhabi
tants, and have been estimated at 280,000. The
Arabs constitute two-thirds of the inhabitants.
The Turks and Jews are numerous in the cities.
The Mamelukes, a race descended from Geor
gian and Circassian slaves, and heretofore
forming a part of the military force, and pos
sessed of great power, were, in 1798, driven
out of the country.
Religion. The Copts profess Christianity,

and are of the Eutychian sect, and undetf
the government of the patriarch of Alexandria,
who also claims supremacy over the churches
of Abyssinia. The rest of the inhabitants, ex
cept the Jews, are Mahometans.
Government. Egypt is subject to Turkey,
and is governed by a pacha, in the name of the
Porte. Language. The Arabic is the prevailing Ian-
guage. The Coptic, the language of the an
cient Egyptians, with a mixture of Greek and
Arabic, is no longer spoken.
TAe Nile. This great river, the only one in
Egypt, forms the most remarkable feature of
the country ; and it is to this river that Egypt
is chiefly indebted for its fertility.
Soil and productions. The lands inundated
by the Nile are exceedingly fertile, and easily
cultivated. The ground, softened by long
moisture, requires only to be slightly stirred,
and the seed being thrown in, sinks by its own
weight It produces in abundance the fruits
both of the tropics and the temperate zone;
corn and rice grow in equal perfection. Wheat,
barley, sugar-cane, indigo, cotton, flax, vines,
olives, dates, melons, citrons, oranges, apricots,
tamerinds, fac are cultivated. That part of the
couritry notwatered by the Nile is rdostly desert.
Climate. The climate is peculiarly charac
terized by an almost entire absence of rain.
The falling of a few drops is a very uncommon
occurrence, and is regarded by the inhabitants
as almost a miracle. Thunder and lightning
are nearly as rare. The heat of summer is very
intense, more so than in other countries under
the same parallel. The ravages of the plague
are frequent, and the ophthalmia, a severe dis
ease affecting the eyes, is peculiar to Egypt.
The Simoon. For about 50 days in the spring
the country is subject to this terrible wind front
the desert, which is intensely hot and dry,
threatening almost the extinction of animal
life. It seldom continues more than 3 days.
Antiquities. Egypt abounds with stupendous
monuments of antiquity, as pyramids, obelisks,
temples, and catacombs. The pyramids were
acountcd by the ancients one of the seven
wonders ofthe world. The largest, called the
pyramid of Cheops, is, according to the mea
surement of Greaves, 499 feet high, with a
square base of 693 feet, and consisting chiefly
of a solid mass of masonry. The catacombs
are subterraneous galleries, appropriated to the
reception of the dead. Mummies, or embalmed
bodies, are obtained from them, which were
deposited there 3 or 4,000 years since. For a
notice of some of the ruins, see Thebes, Den
dera, Edfu, fac.
Egypt, (New,) p-v. Monmouth co. N. J. ¦ W
182. Ehin, or Broad River, i . England, which rur/s
into the Irish sea, below Egremont, in Cum
berland. Ehenheim, Upper, or Obernay, X. France in
Upper Rhine, on the Ergel ; 12 SW. Strasbur°-
Pop, 4,291. — Lower Ehenheim, or Nidernou is a
mile distant. Pop. 1,210.
Ehingen, t. Wurtemberg, on the Danube • 1"
SW. Ulm, 48 W. Augsburg. Pop. 2,547, Here
is a gymnasium.

EIC

542

EIN

Ehingen am Neckar, X. Wurtemberg, on the
Neckar, opposite Rotheuburg ; 22 S. Stuttgart.
Ehle, r. Ger., which runs into the Elbe, near
Magdeburg. Ehningen, t,. Wurtemberg ; 15 SSE. Stutgard.
Pop. 4,170.
Ehningen, X. Wurtemberg, in the Black For
est; 3 SW. Boblingen. Pop. 1,200.
Strang, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, in Treves, on
the Rhine ; 5 N. Treves. Pop. 1,000.
Ehrenberg, citadel, Tyrol, on the frontiers of
Swabia ; 40 NE. Inspruck.
Ehrenbreilstein, or Hermanstein, X. Pru. Lower
Rhine, in Coblentz, on the Rhine opposite Cob
lentz, with which it is connected by a bridge of
boats. Pop. 2,285. Here is a fortress once im
portant, but now ruined, situated on the top of
a stupendous rock, 800 feet above the level of
the Rhine.
Elurenburg, v. Hoya ; 18 W. Hoya. Pop. 66.
Ehrensbrun, X. Austria; 8 S. Laab. Pop. 1,400.
Ehrenfriedersdorf or Irbersdorf t. Saxony, in
Erzgebirg ; 3 W. Wolkenstein, 10 S. Chemnitz.
Lon. 12. 53. E. Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop. 1,963.
Near it are tin mines, formerly very rich.
Ehrenslock, X. Weimar, 3 NNW. Ilinenau.
Ehrenstein, X. h ancient castle, Germany, in
Schwartzburg Rudoldstadt ; 10 NW. Saalfeld!
Ehrfelden, X. Hesse ; 8 W. Darmstadt.
Ehrich, (Gross,) X. Ger., in Schwartzburg Son-
dershausen ; 4 W. Greussen.
Ehrnau, t. Stiria ; 6 N. Knittenfeld.
Ehrnhausen, X. Stiria, at the conflux of the
Salm and the Muehr ; 10 N. Marburg. Pop. 510.
Ehrnsprunn, X. Austria; 8 S. Laab. Pop. 1,400.
Ehrood, t. Bengal ; 4 N. Toree.
£io, r. Russia, which runs into the sea of
Azoph at Eiskoi.
Eibach, t. Wurtemberg, on a small river so
called; 2 Geisslingen.
Eibau, X. Saxony, in Lusatia, district of Baut
zen. Pop. 4,800. It has manufactures of linen
and fustian.
Eibeli, or Karki, or Chalke, one of the Prince's
islands, in the sea of Marmora. Lon. 28. 55. E.
Lat. 40. 52, N.
Eibensloclc, see Eybenslock.
Eibeswald, X. Stiria; 16 S. Voitsberg. Pop. 491.
Eibenschitz, see Eybenschilz.
Eibich, X. Bavaria ; 8 N. Bamberg.
Eibstadl, X. Bavaria ; 3 W. Konigshofen in der
Crabfetd. Eichenburg, t. Ger.; 1 NW. Schleusingen.
Eiehenbuhl, X. Bav., in Leiningfen ; 3 S. Mil-
tenberg. Pop. 600.
Eichendorf X. Bav., Lower Danube, on the
Vils; 11 E. Landau. Pop. 650.
Eichholz, X. Ger., in Anhalt Dessau ; 3 SW.
Zerbst EiehigtfX: Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 SW. Frey-
*erg- Eichmen, X. Prussia ; 6 SSE. Rastenburg.
Eiehmelig, X. Prussia ; 6 SSE. Rastenburg.
Eichollz, X. Prussia ; 25 S. Brandenburg.
Eiehhorn, X. Prussia ; 12 N. Heilsperg.
Eichhorn, or Wewerzi, X. Moravia, in Brunn ;
8 NW. Brunn. Lon. 16. 20. E. Lat. 49. 18. N.
Eichsfeld, or Eisfeld, formerly a principality,
Ger.,in Lower Rhine, bounded by Hesse, Thu-
Hngia, Calenburg, and Grubenhagen, divided by

mountains into Upper and Lower ; the Upper is
cold and mountainous ; the Lower flat," warm,
and fertile, bearing corn, flax, and tobacco. The
whole country belonged to the electorate of
Mentz till 1804, when it was given to the king
of Prussia. Since which a part of it, containing
19,000 inhabitants, has been ceded to Hanover,
and forms a part of the province of Gottingen.
The remainder forms a part of the Prussian go
vernment of Erfurt. Pop. of the whole about
90,000. The principal towns are Heiligenstadt,
Duderstadt, and Stadt Worbis.
Eichstadt, or Eichstelt, see Aichstadt.
Eiclisletten , t Wurt, ; 8 W. Wurzach.
Eichstetten, X. Baden, Treisam; neatly built;
9 NNW. Freyburg. Pop. 2,079.
Eickel, X. Pru., in Mark ; 2 SE. Grimberg.
Eide, X. Norway ; 36 ESE; Bergen.
Eider, r. which rises from a lake near Bor-
dersholm, in Holstein ; in a great part of its
course, divides the duchy of Sleswick from
Holstein ; and runs into the German sea, 12
WSW. Lunden,,Lon. 9. 7. E. Lat. 54. 17. N.
Length upwards of 100 miles.
Eidwald, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz.; 16 NW.
Leitmeritz. Eigalah, small Russian isl. in the Frozen sea.
Lon. 115. 14. E. Lat. 78. 25. N.
Eigg, see Egg.
Eighteen Mile Creek, r. Ohio, which flows into
the Ohio, 18 miles below Gallipolis.
Eileithyia, now El Kab.
Eiljapour, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 15 W.
Tooliapour. Eilenburg, see Eulenburg.
'. Eimbeck, or Einbeck, X. Hanover, in Gottin
gen, formerly capital of the principality of Gra-
benhagen, on the lime ; 16 NNW. Gottingen,
48 SSW. Brunswick. Lon. 9. 49. E. Lat. 51. 44.
N. Pop. 4,996. H. 755. It contains a gymna
sium with 7 instructers, and has manufactures
of woollens and cottons. It was formerly one
of the Hanse towns.
Eimeo, or Eimeeo, called by the natives Movea,
one of the Society islands, in the S. Pacific
ocean, almost surrounded with rocks, about 10
miles long, and 5 broad. The soil about the low
land is a yellowish and pretty stiff mould ; but
upon the lower hills it is blacker and more
close ; and the stone that composes the hills is,
when broken, of a bluish colour, but not of very
compact texture, with some particles of glim
mer interspersed ; 12 W. from the NW. part of
Otaheite. Lon. 150. W. Lat. 17. 30. S.
Eimont, or Eamont, r. Eng., which runs into
the Eden, a little below Penrith, in Cumberland.
Einabi, X. Natolia ; 36 N. Degnizlu.
Einali Zeinali, mt Persia, N. Tabris.
Einatirieh, v. Syria, inhabited some years
since by Christians, who, from some offence
given by the bishop, all turned Mahometans ;
21 NNE. Damascus.
Eindhoven, see Eyndhoven.
Einersheim, see Markt Einersheim.
Einhausen, X. Ger. ; 3 ESE. Meinungen.
Einieh, X. Natolia ; 44 SW. Artaki.
Emigenbruck, v. Holland ; 7 N. Alcmaer.
Einsiedel,X. Moravia, in Troppau. Pop. 1,122.
Einsiedel, X. Bohemia, Pilsen ; 8 W. Teusing. ,
Pop. 950.

ELS

543

EKA

Einsidel, X. W. Prussia ; 11 NE. Culm.
Einsiedlin, X. Switz., in Schweitz; 10 NE.
Schweitz, 20 SE. Zurich. Lon. 9. 38. E. Lat.
47. 4. N. Pop. 5,200. It is celebrated for a rich
Benedictine abbey with a miraculous image of
the Virgin.— Native, Paracelsus.
Einville au Jard, t. France, in Meurte ; 4 N.
Luneville, 12 E. Nancy. Pop. 814.
Einura, X. Hind., in Canara. Lon. 75. 16. E.
Lat. 13. 5. N„ It contains 10 temples, 8 of which
belong to the Jains. The surrounding country
is very unproductive, ,
Eisbach, r. France, which, joined with several
other streams, falls into the Rhine, near Worms.
Eisdorf t, Pru., in Merseburg ; 4 ESE. Lut-
zen. Pop. 167.
Eisenach, (an. Isenacum,) X. Ger., and capital
of a principality of the same name, belonging
to Weimar, on the Nesse ; 26 W. Erfurt, 40
W.Weimar. Lon. 10. 20. E. Lat 50. 59. N.
Pop: 7,845. It is a well built town, and con
tains 5 chh., a gymnasium with a libraiy, and
has some manufactures, chiefly of coarse wollen.
Eisenach, principality, Ger., in Thuringia,. on
the confines of Hesse, formerly a separate gov
ernment, but included since 1741 in the grand
duchy of Saxe Weimar, though separated at a
distance. Pop. 62,506. Sq. m. 442. It is moun
tainous, and hardly produces corn enough for
the inhabitants. Eisenach is the capital.
Eisenartz, X. Upper Stiria; 10 N. Leoben.
Pop. 1,339. It is elevated 2,190 feet above the
sea, and is at the foot of a hill which contains a
very rich iron mine, discovered in 712, which
yields 50,000 tons of ore yearly.
Eisenberg, t. Ger., Waldeck ; 3 SW. Corbach.
Eisenberg, X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 8 N. Dres
den. Pop. 400:
Eisenberg, X. Ger. Gotha, in Altenburg ; 20 W.
Altenburg, 30 SW. Leipsic. Lon. 11.51. E. Lat.
50. 55. N. Pop. 3,227.
Eisenburg, X. Hungary, in a county ofthe same
name, on the Raab ; 28 W. Vesprim. Lon. 16.
48. E. Lat. 47. 2. N. Pop. 1,200.— Pop. of the
county, 294,125. Sq. miles, 1,935. Chief town,
Stein-am-Anger. Eisenbrod, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau, on the
Iser. Pop. 1,000.
Eisenstadt, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 3
NNE.Gitschin. Eisenstadt, X. Hungary, in Edenburg, on the
Leytha; 8 N. Edenburg, 26 S. Vienna. Pop.
2,373. H. 450. On an adjoining eminence stands
the magnificent palace of prince Erterhazy with
a park, menagerie, extensive and fine gardens,
fac. Eisenstadt, X. Bohemia ; 3 NNE.Gitschin. H.
170. Eisenlein, X. Bohemia, in Prachim; 15 SW.
Schuttenhofen. Eisern, X. Bavaria ; 5 SSE. Staffel stein.
Eisgarn, t. Austria ; 8 NNW. Bohmisch Waid-
hoven. Lon. 15. E. Lat. 48. 54. N.
Eisgrub, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 28 S. Brunn.
Pop. 1,648.
Eiskoi, X. Russia, in Caucasus, at the mouth
of the Eia, on E. coast of the sea of Azoph ; 50
SW. Azoph. Lon. 56. E. Lat. 46. 30. N.
Eissaeh, see Adige.
Eisleben, or Eiszhben, X. Pru. Saxony, in

Merseburg, capital of a circle, formerly capital
of the county of Mansfeld, on a hill ; 2 SE.
Mansfeld, 12 W. Halle. Lon. 11. 44. E. Lat.
51. 32. N. Pop. 5,330. H. 933. It is divided
into two parts, the Old and New Town, Eisleben
Altstadt, and Eisleben Neustadt, and contains 4
Luth. chh., a Latin school, and 2 hospitals. The
adjacent mines of Mansfeld afford considerable
employment to the inhabitants. — In this town
the celebrated Martin Luther was born in 1483,
and died 1546.
Eislingen, (Great ,) v. Wurt. ; 3 E. Goppin-
gen. Pop. 700. — Pop. of Little Eislingen, near it,
400. Eiss, v. Pru. Lower Rhine ; 6 ENE. Aix la
Chapelle. Eiszfeld, X. Ger., in Hildburghausen, on the
Werra; 8 E. Hildburghausen. Lon. 11. 4. E.
Lat. 50. 26. N. Pop. 2,414.
Eitensheim, X. Bavaria ; 6 SE. Aichstatt.
Eithon, or Ython, r. Scot, which runs into
the German sea; 26 N. Aberdeen.
Eiliat, X. Morocco, in Tedla, defended with
walls. Pop. about 3,000.
Eitrach, see Ailrach.
Eivelstadt, t.Bav., Lower Maine; 4 Wurzburg.
Pop. 1,500.
Eiun el Musa, see Ain el Mousa.
Eixo, X. Portugal, in Biera; 11 N. Viseu. Pop.
2,337. Eka, X. Sweden, in Smaland; UN. Wexio.
Ekalluk, X. East-Greenland. Lon. 45. 52. W.
Lat. 61, N. •
Ekanga, r. Russia, which runs into the Frozen
sea ; 140 E. Kola.
Ekarma, one of the smaller Kurile islands, in
the N. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 154. 29. E. Lat. 49.
30. N.
Ekastrow, t. Russia, Archangel ; 80 S. Kola.
Ekaterinadara, or the Gift of Catherine, t.
Rus. Caucasus, in Kuban Tartary, capital of
Tchernornorskie, or Cosacs of the Black sea.
Ekaterinburg, or Jekaterinburg, X. Russia, and'
cap. of a province of the same name, in Perm,
on the Isett; 148 SE. Perm, 960 ESE. Peters
burg. Lon. 60. 14. E. Lat. 56. 45. N. Pop. 8,372.
H. 1,200. 5 chh. It is fortified and furnished
with a garrison. In the neighbourhood are some
mines of copper, which yield about one thirti
eth part gold, and some mines of iron ; and here
is the supreme college for the administration of
the mines of Siberia, Kazan, Perm, and Oren
burg. An immense copper coinage produces
12,530 pieces daily, the machinery of which is
driven by water. The inhabitants trade in ame
thysts, topazes and other precious stones.
1 Ekaterinburg, pr. Russia, in the government
of Perm, about 360 miles long, and from 100
to 160 broad; the. capital is ofthe same name.
Ekaterininslcaia, bay of the north sea, in Rus
sian Lapland, near Kola. Lon. 32. 24. E Lat
68. 50. N.
Ekaterinograd, X. Russia, in Caucasus, on the
Malva; 260 SE. Azoph, 1,080 SSE. Petersburg
Lon. 43. 42. E. Lat. 44. 15. N. Pop. 2,000. •
Ekaterinoslav, city, Russia, formed by the
empress Catherine, and since 1784 the capital
of a government of the same name ; 164 NE
Otchakov, 728 SSE. Petersburg. Lon. 33 E
Lat. 48. 15. N. Pop. 1,-800. It is remarkable

ELA

544

ELB

for nothing, except its cloth manufactures, ac
counted the finest in Russia.
Ekaterinoslav, government, Russia, bounded
NW. by Poltava, N. by -Charkov, E. by the
country ofthe Cosacs, S. by Taurida, and W.
by Cherson. Pop. 560,000. Sq. m. about 36,000.
It formerly comprised the present govern
ments of Cherson, Taurida, and Ekaterinoslav.
— It is divided into 8 circles.. The surface is
level and bare, consisting mostly of dry steppes ;
the climate mild ; the chief productions, cat
tle, honey, corn, millet, hemp, melons, and
other fruits ; the rivers, the Don, Dnieper,
Donetz, and Samara.
Ekau, or Eczau, X. Semigallia, on a river of
the same name ; 12 ESE. Mittaw.
Ekelsbeke, X. France, in North ; 9 S. Dun
kirk. Ekenas, or Eknas, s-p. Finland, on N. coast
of the gulf of Finland ; the harbour is not good ;
60 SE. Abo. Lon. 23. 18. E. Lat. 59. 58. N.
Pop. 1,260.
Ekerder, X. Natolia ; 16 E. Isbarteh.
Ekesio, X. Sweden, in Smaland; 60 NW.
Calmar. Pop. 1,095.
Ekie, t. Little Bukharia; 55 S. Tosen Hotun.
Ekilgow, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 12 S. Bahbel-
gong. •Ekill, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 33 SSW. Bahar.
Lon. 85. 5. E. Lat. 25. 8. N.
Ekilio, district, W. part of Turkish Armenia:
Ekin, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 15 N. Arabkir.
Ekki Tekki, X. Africa, in Commendo ; IS W.
Cape Coast Castle.
Ekmiazin, X. Armenia, the residence of a pa
triarch ; 10 W. Erivan.
Ekmim, see Achmim.
Ekrad, X. Egypt ; 10 SE. Momflot.
Ekr, t. Arabia Petraea; 120 S. Calaat el Moi
lah. Ekron, or Accaron, city of the Philistines, on
the Mediterranean ; 21 S. Joppa. It was fa
mous for the idol of Beelzebub.
Eksas,X. Egypt; 21 S.Cairo.
Eksenide, (an. Xanthus,) X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia, on a river of the same name, which runs
into the Mediterranean ; 140 SSE. Smyrria.
Lon. 28. 40. E. Lat. 36. 35. N.
Elaase, the Syrian name of the river Orontes.
Elabach, c. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe,
near Konigstein, in Meissen.
Elabuga, X. Russia, in Viatka, on the Bielaia ;
156 S. Viatka.
Elaa, now Jalea.
Elahajan, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 100 SE.
Amanzirifdin. Elalia, t Africa, in Tunis, near E. coast, in
a large extent, of ruins, on the borders of a fer
tile plain ; 90 SSE. Tunis. Lon. 11.2. E. Lat.
35. 6. N. Besides such ruins as it has in com
mon with other places, we have here several
cisterns with large paved areas, built over them,
in order to receive the rain-water, that in the
rainy season is to fill and replenish them. Se
veral conveniences of the like nature are dis
persed all over this dry country. Elalia seems
to be the Acolla or Acilla of the ancients.
Elam, name of a part of ancient Persia, by
some applied to the whole.
Elam, city, Edom, on a gulf of the Red sea.

Elaman, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the*
Euphrates ; 15 SW. Racca.
Elambazar, t. Bengal, in Burdwan. P. 2,950.
Elan, X. Russia, in the country ofthe Cosacs,
on the Don ; 68 SW. ArchadinsTtaia.
Eland, r. which runs into the Wye, 2 S.
Rhaidergowy. Eland, t. in the W. riding of Yorkshire; 3 S.
Halifax. Pop. 3,885.
Elaour, X. Hind., near the coast of Malabar;
60 E. Cochin.
Elarahal, or El Harahal,.X. Spain, in Seville;
20 NW. Seville.
Elasere, X. Arabia, in Yemen.; 28 N. Chamif.
Elath, see Ailali.
Elathera, now Louro.
Elalma, X. Russia, in Tambov, on the Oka ;
132 N. Tambov. Lon. .41. 42. E. Lat. 55. 2i N.
Pop. 4,222. H. 778. •' .
Elavanasore, X. Carnatic ; 6 E. Tja'gar.
Elavankum, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 10 N. Ban--
galore. Elaver, now Allier.
Elaw, t. Hind., in Guzerat; 17 N. Surat.
Elay, r. Wales, in Glamorgan, which runs in
to the sea near Pennarth point
Elba, p-t. Genesee co. N.-Y, ; 5 N. Batavia,
263 W. by N. Albany, W. 381. Pop. 1,333.
Elbay isl. in the Mediterranean sea, near the
coast of Tuscany, about 8 miles in length, and
2 in breadth, known to the Greeks by the name
of Aithalai, and to the Romans by that of
Ilva, or Elva, renowned for its mines from
a period beyond the reach of history. Pliny
gives it a circuit of 100 miles ; late geographers
allow only 60 to its circ. The difference might
be accounted for by the encroachments
of the sea, and by the tumbling in of rocks,
which are in many places of a mouldering con
texture. Being extremely mountainous, Elba
affords but scanty room for cultivation, and
produces little more than 6 months' provision
of corn for its inhabitants. The climate is much
milder than that ofthe adjacent continent. El
ba contains two grand ports ; Porto Ferraio
and Porto Longone, both defended by fortifica
tions and garrisons. Lon. 10. 26. E. Lat. 42.
53. N.' Pop. 13,750. Sq. m. 153. Elba is ren
dered famous as the residence of Napoleon
Bonaparte, during his first exile from France,
from May 1814, to February 26, 1815, when
he sailed on his fatal expedition to France.
Elbarrow, t. Syria, in which is an old ruin
ous castle, and some good houses, likewise in
a state of decay ; 45 N. Hamah.
Elbe, (an. Albis,) r. Ger., which rises from the
Reisengebirge mountains, between Silesia and
Bohemia, takes a southerly course through part
of Bohemia, passing by Arnau, Koninghoff, Ko
nigingratz, fac. to Pardubitz ; where turning to
wards the W. and NW. it passes by Nimburg,
Kosteletz, Melnik, Raudnitz, Leitmeritz, where
it becomes navigable, Tetschen, fac, after
which it enters Saxony, passes by Konigstein,
Pirnau, Dresden, Meissen, Belgern, Torgau,
Wittenberg; Coswick, Dessau, Barby, Magde
burg, Tangermunde, Sandau, Domitsch, Boit
zenburg, Lauenburg, Hamburg, Gluckstadt, fac,
and runs into the German sea, about Lon. 8.
E. Lat. 54. 3.N. Length, 500 miles.

ELB

545

ELE

Elbe, r. Ger., which runs into the Eder, 2
SSE. Fritzlar, in Waldeck.
Elbe, or Elpe, r. Ger. Cleves, which runs
into the Rhine, opposite Orsoy.
Elbedoui, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 14 S. Abu Arisch.
Elbena, X. Saxony, on an island in the Elbe;
4 SW. Gommern.
Elbenitz, X. Bohemia, Frachim ; 7 E.Prachim.
Elbert, co. N. part of Georgia. Pop. in 1810,
12,156 ; slaves. 4,574. Pop. in 1820, 11,788.
Chief towns, Elberton and Petersburg.
Elberton, p-t. Elbert co. Georgia, on S. side
of the Savannah ; 23 NW. Petersburg, W. 669.
Fop. 122. It is the seat of justice for the county.
Elberton, t. Effingham co. Georgia, on NE.
side of the Ogeechee ; 48 NW. Savannah, 55
SE. Louisville.
Elbenelt, or Elveirvelt, or Etberfeld, t. Pru.
Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Dusseldorf, capital °f a
circle, on the Wipper ; 18 E. Dusseldorf, 20
NE.'Cologne. Lon. 7. 8. E. Lat. 51. 12. N.
Fop! 21,975. H. 2,400. It is a well built,
thriving town, contains a Catholic gymnasium,
and has manufactures of linen, ribbons, lace,
siamoise, and similar stuffs.
Elbeuf X. France, in Lower-Seine, on the
Seine ; 10 S. Rouen. Pop. 5,862.
Elbing, t. West Prussia, in Dantzic, on the
river Elbing, near its entrance into the Frische
Haff; 30 SE. Dantzic. Lon. 19. 22. E. Lat. 54.
8. N. Pop. 18,534. H. 2,170. It is divided
into old and new towns, exclusive of the sub
urbs, and contains 5 Luth. churches, 1 Ref., 1
Cath., and 1 Mennonist, 5 hospitals, and a gym
nasium. In the old town the streets are nar
row, and the houses lofty ; the chief warehous
es are in one of the suburbs. It was formerly
one of the Hanse towns, and is a place of con
siderable commerce; supplying the adjacent
countries with foreign merchandize, as well as
such articles as starch, soap, tobacco, oil, man
ufactured within its walls; exporting corn,
potash, butter, cheese, and linen. Vessels of
less than 100 tons come up to the town ; larger
vessels unload at the mouth of the river.
Elbingeroda, X. Hanover, in Gottingen, for
merly in Grubenhagen ; 6 SE. Gosslar. P. 2,321 .
Elbridge, p-v. Buckingham co. Va. ; 82 Rich
mond, W. 182.
Elbridge, p-v. Onondaga co. N.Y., in Camil-
lus, on the outlet of Skeneatiles lake ; 10 NE.
Auburn, W. 395. Pop. 3,60. It is a pleasant
and nourishing village.
Elbuga, r. Russia, which runs into the Kaga-
linsk, 10. E. Azoph.
Elbur, mt. Persia, which forms N. boundary
ofthe province of Schirvan.
Elburg, X. Neth., in Guelderland, on E. coast
«f the Zuyder Zee, formerly one ofthe Hanse
towns ; 34 NNE. Utretcht Lon. 43. E. Lat.
52. 30, N. Pop. 1,965.
Elburz, or Elbrus, or Elbwrus, mt. Asia, be
tween the Black and the Caspian seas, but
nearest to the former. It is the highest summit
of Caucasus. It is covered with perpetual snow,
and was supposed by professor Pallas, to equal
Mont Blanc in height. M. de Wischnef-
skug, the astronomer, has ascertained its eleva
tion to be 16,700 French feet, equal to 17,786
English feet.
Vol. I. 69

Elcatif t. Arabia, capital of the island of
Bahhrein ; famous for its pearl fishery.
Elche, X. Spain, in Valencia, in a forest of
palms and olive trees ; 8 SW. Alieant Lon.
0. 45. W. Lat. 38. 16. N. Pop. 17,403. H.
2,600. The environs produce a great quantity
of wine, and feed a number of cattle ; the wa
ter is salt, and not good; that which the inha
bitants drink, is brought from a distance. Sev
eral magnificent remains of its ancient splen-
dour'make it supposed to be the ancient Ilici.
Near the town is a large plantation of palm
trees, or dates. The trees are old and lofty,
and are said to exceed 200,000 in number ,'when
the branches become quite white, they are cut
off and sent by ship-loads from Alieant to Ge
noa, and other parts of Italy, for the grand pro
cessions of the devout, on Palm Sunday.
Elche, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 27 SE. Al
caraz. Elda, (an. Adellum,) t. Spain, in Valencia ;
20 WNW. Alieant Pop. 4,000.
Eldagsen, or Eldagshausen, X. Hanover, in
Calenberg ; 16 ENE. Hameln. Pop. 1,694.
Elde, r. Ger., which rises from the Plaueu
sea, in the duchy^ of Mecklenburg Schwerin,
passes by Parchim, fac. and runs into the Elbe,
near Domitz.
Ele, r. New-Grenada, which flows into the
Meta. Elea, t. Campania, whence the followers of
Zeno were called the Eleatic sect.
Eleanor's Cove, harbour in E. side of Beer-
ing bay, on W. coast of America. Lon. 220,
51. E. Lat. 59. 44. N.
Elchingen, v. Bavaria, in Upper Danube, on
the Danube ; 5 NE. Ulm. Pop. 454. Marshal
Ney received of Bonaparte the title of duke of
Elchingen, on account of a successful exploit
near this place against the Austrians in 1805.
Eldena, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin, on the
Stor; 27 S Schwerin. Pop. 1,398.
Eldenow, X. Pomerania ; 3 E. Griefswald.
Eldilzka, fortress, Russia, in Upha,- on the ri
ver Upha ; 50 N. Upha. -
Eldourty, X. Hind., in Golconda; 37 W. War-
rangole. Eldpach, X. Austria ; 6 S. Ips.
Eldridge, p-t. Huron co. Ohio ; 128 N. Co
lumbus, W. 428.
Elegia, now Ilya.
Elen, settlement, Quito, in Riobamba. Lat.
1. 37. S.
Elent, X. Austria ; 6 NNW. Brugg.
Elephant Mountain, mt. on SE. coast of Cey
lon ; 74 SE. Candy.
Elephanta, or Elephant Isle, called by the na
tives Gharipoor, isl. between Bombay and the
west coast of Hindoostan, 5 miles in circuit;
with about 100 inhabitants ; 5 E. Bombay. It
was named Elephanta by the Portuguese, from
a colossal statue of an elephant formed out of
black rock, which stands in the Open plain op
posite to the landing place. The island owes
its celebrity to its wonderful cave and mytho
logical inscriptions. This cave is nearly 60 feet
square, and 18 high, supported by pillars cut;
out of the rock ; and in the sides there are nu
merous compartments, containing various re
presentations of Hindoo deities.

ELF

546

ELI

Elephant's River, r. Africa, which rises in the
country of the Hottentots, and runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 31. S.
Elephantina, or El Sag, small island on the
Nile, opposite to Syene; remarkable for the
ruins with which it is covered. The northern
part is low, the southern elevated and rocky.
The Nile for nearly a mile above is interrupted
by numerous small rocks of that fine red granite,
which characterises this island, and which pro
duced so many portals, columns, and obelisks,
to adorn the chief cities of antiquity. The island
is covered with ruins, piled upon each other,
Egyptian, Roman, Saracen, and Arabic ; of
these the Egyptian, though the most ancient,
are in the best state of preservation. It is sup
posed that there was once a great temple here,
dedicated to the god Cnuphis, all traces of which
are now obliterated, but there remains a pyra
midal portal of red granite, supposed to have
formed the entrance. There are 2 small tem
ples, one of which is believed by Denon to be
long to the earliest ages of Egypt. It is covered
within and without with hieroglyphics, execut
ed in a style of peculiar excellence. On the
eastern side of the island are remains of a high
wall, of which the masonry is admirable.
Elero, r. Piedmont, which runs into the Ta-
naro, near Carri.
jEtersi,t.A.Turkey,Diarbekir; 75 S.Kirkisieh.
Eleschevi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tchu-
lim ; 84 ENE. Tomsk.
Eletver, X. Hind., Guntoor ; 25 ESE. Guntoor.
Eletur, t. Hind., in Guntoor ; 24 W. Masuli-
patam. Eletz, or Ieletz, X. Russia, in Orel, on the Sos-
na, 115 ESE. Orel. Pop. 6,540. H. 1,163. It is
large, has considerable trade in corn and cat
tle, and is famous for its forges.
Eleus, now Delfino.
Eleusis, now Lepsina.
Eleulheropolis, ancient city, Palestine ; 5 S.
Gath. Eleuthera, or Alabastar Island, one of the Ba
hama islands ; the climate is healthy, and the
soil is fertile. It has a fort and small garrison.
The largest settlement is at Harbour island at
N. extremity, containing, in 1803, 890 inhabi
tants ; and the settlement of Wreck sound, on
W. side, contained about 400. In Popple's map,
it is called Oeihera. Lon. 76.31. W. Lat. 25. 14.N.
Eleutherus, see Nahar-el-Berd, fa Casimir.
Elevoneah, X. Hind., in Mysore; 10 NNE. Ban
galore. Elfdal, X. Sweden, in Dalecarlia ; 65 NNW.
Fahlun. Elfeld, X. Bavaria ; 7 S. Wurzburg.
Elfros, X. Sweden, in Harjadalen ; 78 W.
Sundswall. • Elfedsj, mt. Arabia, in Yemen ; 12 NE. Abu-
Arisch. Elfeld, or Eltvil, X. Ger., in Nassau ; 14 NW.
Mentz. Pop. 1,400.
Elfkarleby, t. Sweden, in Upland, at the en
trance ofthe Dale into the gulf of Bothnia ; 50
N. Upsal.
Elfsborg, Gamla, or Old Elfsborg, X. Sweden,
in West Gothland, with a strong castle near the
sea ; 4 SW. Gothenburg.
Elfsborg, (New,) fortress, Sweden, in West

Gothland, built in 1646, on an island at the
mouth of the Moldal; 4W. Gothenburg.
Elga, r. which rises 3 miles N. Penna and
Macor, in Portugal, and runs into the Tagus,
between Alcantara and Rosmarilhal, separating
the countries of Spain and Portugal during its
whole course of about 30 miles.
Elgandel, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 25 E. Inde-
lovoy. Elgatlar, X. Algiers ; 37 S. Bona.
Elgend, X. Arabia, in Hadramaut ; 65 W. Ha-
dramaut. . Elgg, t. Switz., in Zurich ; 20 NE. Zurich.
Pop. 2,103.
Elgiehama, X. Morocco ; 6 Mount .Atlas.
¦Elgharaffi, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 4 S. Gizeh.
Elghult, X. Sweden, Smaland; 25 E. Wexio.
Elgin, (an. Alitacenon,) X. Scot, oap. of Elgin,
or Murray, near the Lossie ; formerly the see
of a bishop ; 36 E. Inverness, 169 N. Edinburgh.
Lon. 3. 14. W. Lat. 57. 58. N. Pop. 4,602. It is
a royal burgh, and consists of one street more
than a mile long, crossed by several lanes.
There are yet some ruins of the cathedral,
which give evidenceof its ancient magnificence.
Elgin, county, Scot. See Murray.
Elgis, X. Egypt ; 6 S. Abu Girge.
Elgorah, small island in the Red sea, near the
coast of Arabia. Lat. 16. 8. N.
Elgoybar, X. Spain, in Guipuscoa ; 13 WSW.
St. Sebastian.
Elhad, X. Nubia; 120 WSW. Syene.
Elham, or Eleham, X. Eng., in Kent; 10 S.
Canterbury, 67 ESE. London. Pop. 992.
Elhamma, see Hamma.
Eliant, t. France, Finisterre ; 7 E. Quimper.
Eliab, X. Sennaar ; 35 NNE. Chandi.
Elias, mountain, see St. Elias.
Elie, s-p. Scotland, in Fife, on N. side of the
Forth, formerly a royal burgh, but disfranchised
from its inability to maintain its representatives.
The harbour is good, perfectly safe, and easy of
access ; 5 SW. Anstruther. Pop. 730.
Elieness, cape, Scot., on the coast of Fife, at
the entrance into the Frith of Forth. Lon. 2. 49.
W. Lat. 56. 10. N.
Eliesdu, X. Persia, Ghilan ; 30 N. Lenkeran.
Elim, see Tor.
Elima, X. Finland ; 67 ESE. Tavasthus.
Elimo, mt. E. Turkey, in SE. part of Livadia ;
7 NW. Cape Colonna.
El Joube, fortress, Africa, in W. province of
Algiers ; 40 W. Tremecen.
Elinghausen, t. Ger. ; 2 E. Meinungen.
Elins, X. Rus. Podolia ; 26 NE. Braclaw.
Eliot, see Elliot.
Eljobele, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 28 S. Abu-Arisch.
Elis, country on W. side of Peloponnesus.
Elis, capital of Elis ; see Belvedere.
Elis, now Belviguardo.
Elisavetgrad, X. Russia, in Cherson, on the In-
gul. Lon. 32. 21. E. Lat. 48. 30. N. P. 12,000.
H. 1,300. 5 chh.
Elischau, X. Bohemia, in Prachim ; 7 N. Schut-
tenhofen. Elizabeth, p-t. Alleghany co. Fa., on E. side of
the Monongahela, about 18 SSE. Pittsburg. W.
241. Pop. 2,493.
Elizabeth, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 295.

ELI

547

ELK

Elizabeth, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 768.
Elizabeth, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana, 127 In-
dianopolis, W. 629.
Elisabeth, r. Va., formed by two branches, the
eastern and southern, which unite near Norfolk.
The south branch rises in Dismal swamp, and
is connected with the Pasquotank, by a canal,
which opens a communication between James
river and Albemarle sound. From the mouth of
the river to Norfolk, the water, at common
floods, is 18 feet deep. Crany island lies at the
mouth, 5 SW. Point Comfort.
Elizabeth City, co. E. part of Va. ; bounded N.
by York co., E. by Chesapeake bay, S. by Hamp
ton roads, and W. by Warwick co. Pop. in 1810,
3,608; slaves, 1,784. Pop. in 1820, 3,789. Chief
town, Hampton.
Elizabeth City, p-t. Camden co. N. C, on the
narrows of Pasquotank river, 18 miles from
Pamlico sound ; 40 NE. Edenton, 50 S. Nor
folk, W. 271. Vessels of considerable size come
up to the town. The situation is favourable,
and the trade of the place considerable. The
surrounding country produces corn, pease, fac,
and affords various kinds of lumber.
Elizabeth Islands, small islands near the coast
of Mass., between Martha's Vineyard and the
continent, included within the township of Chil-
mark. Lon. 70. 38. to 70. 56. W. Lat. 41. 24. to
41. 32. N. They are about 16 in number ; the
principal of which are Nashawn, Pasqui, Nasha-
wenua, Pinequese, and Chatahunk.
Elizabeth Island, isl. in the straits of Magellan,
situated NNE. and SSW. within W. point of the
second gut on the Patagonian side. Lon. 71. 45.
W. Lat, 52. 50. N.
Elizabeth's Bay, .bay on the coast of Patagonia,
in the straits of Magellan, NW. of Passage Point
Lon. 73. 24. W. Lat. 63. 43. S.
Elizabtthtown, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio ; 118
Columbus, W. 516.
Elizabelhtown, t. Upper Canada, on N. side of
the St. Lawrence, about 45 NE. Kingston.
Elizabelhtown, p-t. fa cap. Essex co. N. Y., on
lake Champlain ; 15 N. Crown Point, W. 484.
Pop. 889. It contains a court house, a jail, a
state arsenal, and a printing office. Here are
beds of excellent iron ore and several forges.
Elizabethtown, bor. & p-t. Essex co. N. J. ; 5
S. Newark, 14 SSW. N. York, 76 NE. Philadel
phia, W. 21 1. Lon. 74. 7. W. Lat. 40. 39. N.
Pop. in 1810, 2,977 ; in 1820, 3,515. It is situ
ated on a small creek which flows into Arthur
Kull sound, and is a handsome, pleasant, and
flourishing town, containing a bank, an acade
my, a printing office, and three houses of public
worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopali
ans, and 1 for Methodists. The Presbyterian
and Episcopal churches are large and handsome
brick buildings. The town is situated in a very
fertile tract of country, and has considerable
trade, and some manufactures. Vessels of 20 or
30 tons come up to the town, and those of 200
or 300 come as far as Elizabethtown Point, 2 m.
distant. A steam boat plies between New York
and Elizabethtown Point. This is the oldest
town in New-Jersey ; the ground was purchas
ed of the Indians in 1664, and settled soon after
by emigrants from Long island.
Elizabelhtown, p-t. Lancaster co. Fa. ; 18 NW.

Lancaster, 84 WNW. Philadelphia, W. 1 1 1 . Pop.
1,928. It is a considerable town.
Elizabethtown, X. Ohio co. Va., on E. bank of
the Ohio ; 12 S. Wheeling.
Elizubethiown, p-t. fa cap. Harden co. Ken.,
about 45 S. by W. Blountsville, 72 Frankfort,
W. 640. Pop. 181.
Elizabethtown, p-t. fa cap. Bladen co. N. C,
on NW. branch of the Cape Fear ; 40 m. above
Wilmington, 55 below Fayetteville, 98 S. Ra
leigh, W. 386. It is pleasantly situated in a fer
tile and healthy tract of country, abounding
with springs of water, and contains a court
house, a jail, and anumberof mills in its vicinity.
Elizabethtown, p-t. fa cap. Carter co. Tennes
see, on W. side of Iron mountain ; about 25 E.
Blountsville, W. 467.
Elizabethtown, see Hagerstown.
Elizabeth River, r. N. C., which runs into the'
Neuse, Lon. 78. 18. W. Lat. 33. 56. N.
Elizaville, p-v. Fleming co. Ken., 68 Frank
fort, W. 523.
Elk, r. which rises in Tennessee and runs info
the Tennessee, at Muscle Shoals.
Elk, X. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 537.
Elk, or Big Elk, r. Md., which runs into the
head of Chesapeake bay at the entrance of the
Susquehanna. It is navigable to Elkton 20 miles.
Elk Creek, r. Pa. which unites with Penn's
creek, and flows into the Susquehanna, 5 miles
below Sunbury.
Elk-Horn, p-t. Montgomery co. Missouri ; 56
St. Louis, W. 950.
Elk Lake, lake between lake Superior and
lake of the Woods.
Elk-Land, p-v. Tioga co. Pa. ; 160 N. Harris
burg, W. 273.
Elk Lick, X. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 1,087.
Elk River, r. N. A., which runs NE. into lake
Athapescow. Length, 5, or 600 miles.
Elk River, r. Va., which runs into the Kenha
wa, Lon. 81. 40. W. Lat. 38. 9. N.
Elk River, r. America, which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 92. 6. W. Lat. 43. 42. N.
Elk Run, X. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,356.
Elk Run Church, p-v. Fauquier co.Va. ; W. 79.
Elkallabd, fortress, Egypt ; 4 SSE. Cairo.
Elkarrie, X. Arabia, Yemen ;24NE. Abu Ariscli.
Elkassaren, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 8 E. Chamir.
Elkas Daghi, mt. Natolia ; 18 S. Castamena.
Elkatla, X. Egypt ; 14 S. Cairo.
Elkhail, see Hebron.
Elkhorn, r. Ken., which rises in Fayette co.,
and runs into the Ohio, 8 miles below Frank
fort. It is 50 miles long. The country which it
waters is remarkably fertile.
Elkland, X. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 343.
Elkmarsh, p-v. Farquier co. Va. ; W. 64.
Elkridge, p-t Ann Arundel co. Md., on S.
bank of the Patapsco ; 8 SW. Baltimore. It is
noted for its excellent tobacco, called kite's foot.
Elkoddam, v. Syria; 2 S. Damascus. The
word means tAe footstep ; and it was so called,
they say, from the resemblance of the footstep.
of Mahomet in the mosque. This is the place
to which, according to account, the prophet
came; and seeing the delightful situation of
Damascus, he immediately returned, leaving
the print of his foot, saying there was but pne
paradise for man.

ELL

548

ELL

Elklon, p-t fa cap. Cecil co. Md., on Elk river,
at the head of navigation, 20 above the en
trance into the Chesapeake ; 19 SW. Wilming
ton, 47 SW. Philadelphia, 60 NE. Baltimore,
W. 90. Lon. 75. 52. W. Lat. 39. 36. N. This
town contains a court house, a jail, a bank, an
academy, and about 100 houses. This town
formerly carried on a brisk trade with Philadel
phia and Baltimore, and great quantities of
wheat were collected here for the supply of
those markets. It has now but little trade.
Elklon, p-v. Giles co. Ten. ; 88 Murfreesbo-
rougb, W. 841.
Elklon, p-v. Christian co. Ken. ; 20 m. from
Russellville. 19.0 SW. Frankfort, W. 747.
f Elkuvar, r. Russia, which runs into the Tobol,
Lon. 63. 14. E. Lat. 52. 55. N.
Ellamaile, X. Africa, on E. coast of Tunis ; 30
N. Gabs.
Eltandune, now Wilton.
Ellar, t. Nassau ; 12 SSE. Dillenburg.
Ellaya, de Dominos, v. Spain, in Galicia, on
the coast ofthe Atlantic, near Ferrol.
Ellbori-Kent, X. Persia, in Daghestan, on a high
mountain, S. of Targhu. H. 300.
Elledat, t. Ceylon ; 12 S. Candy. Lon. 80.40.
E. Lat. 7. 25. N.
Elleford, see Falkenstein.
Elleholm, s-p. Sweden, on S. coast of Blekin
gen, on the Baltic ; 8 W. Carlscrona.
Ellen, r. Eng., which runs into the Irish sea,
at Maryport, in Cumberland.
Ellenbogen, X. Tyrol; 17 SSE. Bregentz.
Ellen, t. Pru. Lower Rhine, in Aix la Chap
elle ; 4 SSE. Juliers.
Ellenagur, t. Bengal ; 30 N. Palamow.
Ellenborough, (an . Olenacum Ravonia,) v.En g. ,
in Cumberland, supposed from the great number
of antiquities found here, to have been a Ro
man station ; 6 N. Cockermouth.
Ellerbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Mo
selle, 10 miies above Beilstein.
Ellerburch, small isl. Prussia, in the mouth of
the Nogat, opposite Elbing.
Ellerena, X. Mexico, in Zacatecas; 25 W. Za-
catecas. Ellerena, see Llerena.
Ellesmere, t.fa parish, Eng., .in Salop, near a
lake famous for fish ; with a market on Tues
day ; 16 N. Shrewsbury, 176 NW. London.
Lon. 2. 56. W. Lat. 52. 67. N. Pop. 5,553.
Ellezelles, X. Neth., in Hainaut ; 23 NE. Tour-
nay. Pop. 4,939.
Ellfeld, X. Sax. Vogtland ; 2 S. Auerbaeh.
Ellfeld, X. Nassau, on the Rhine ; 14 NW.
Mentz. Pop. 1,400.
Ellice's Group, small islands in the Pacific
ocean, discovered in May, 1819. Lon. 180. 54.
W. Lat. 8. 29. S.
Ellichpour, city, Hind., and capital of a cir
car of the same name, in Berar, subject to the
Nizam ; 144 NE. Aurungabad. Lon. 78. 5. E.
Lat. 21. 12. N. Itwasformerly the capital of Berar.
Ellichpour, circar, Hind., in Berar, bounded
N. by Candeish and Goondwanah, NE. by
Goondwanah, S. and SE. by Mahur, and W.
by Aurungabad ; about 120 miles from NE. to
SW., and nearly as much from NW. to SE.
Besides the chief city, Ellichpour, it contains
some other large towns, and many of a smaller

size. It is watered by several streams, which
run into the Godavery and into the Taptee.
Ellicott's Creek, i. N. Y., which runs W. into
the Tonnewanta, near the entrance into the
Niagara. Length, 30 miles.
Ellicott, t. Chatauque co. N.Y., about 20 SE.
Chatauque. Pop. 1,462.
Ellitottsville, p-t. fa cap. Cattaraugus co. N.Y.,
about 45 S. Buffalo, 302 W. Albany, W. 375.
Ellicott 's,p-v. Baltimore co. Md. ; W, 48.
Ellicottsville, see Selser Town.
Elling, lake, Prussia ; 6 S. Allenstein.
Ellingen, X. Bav. Upper Danube, with a cas
tle ; 4 N.Weissenburg. Pop. 1,300.
Ellinghausen, X. Bavaria ; 4 SW. Kissingen.
Ellington, p-t. Tolland co. Ct; 7 WNW.
Tolland ; 13 NE. Hartford, W. 345. Pop. 1,196.
Elliot, X. York co. Maine ; 4 W. York, 130
NNE. Boston. Pop. 1,679.
Elliot, missionary station, Mississippi, among
the Choctaws, on the Yala Busha, 30 miles
above its junction with the Yazoo, 140 above
the junction of the Yazoo with the Mississippi,
174 above Natchez. , Lon. 89. 50. W. Lat 33.
30. N. It has water communication with the
Mississippi. The mission was commenced in
1818, and in 1821 the persons belonging to it
consisted of 7 men, one of them a preacher,
the others teachers, farmers, and mechanics ;
and 5 women. A school house on the Lancas
terian plan, a blacksmith's shop, and other
buildings, have been erected.
Elliot's Island, small is), in the gulf of Flori
da, near the coast of East-Florida. Lon. 8. 25.
W. Lat. 25. 32. N.
Ellis, r. Maine, which runs into the Andros-
coggin, in W. part of Rumford.
Ellis's Ferry, p-v. Adams co. Mississippi ; W,
1,274. Ellisburg, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y., at the east
end of lake Champlain; 160 NW. Albany, W,
501. Pop. 3,531.
Ellisville, or Lower Blue Lick, p-v. Nicholas
co. Ken., W. 512.
Ellis's Island, small island in the Florida
stream, at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico.
Lon. 81. 10. W. Lat. 24. 50. N.
Ellomamew, X. Hind., in Bednore ;• 24 N. Sa-
crapatam. Ellon, v. fa parish, Scot., in Aberdeenshire ;
17 W. by N. Aberdeen. Pop. 2,194.
Ellora, X. Hind.; 6 miles from Dowlatabad,
18 from Aurungabad. It is not large, but is
celebrated for the monuments of Hindoo super
stition, scattered upon mountains about a mile
to the E. These caves are amazing efforts of
human industry ; and in point of labour and
skill, are said to be superior to the pyramids.
Ellore, one of the N. circars of Hind., situat
ed NE. Condapilly, on NW. bay of Bengal.
Ellore, X. Hind., and capital of a circar ofthe
same name ; 32 N. Masulipatam. Lon. 81. 11.
E. Lat. 16. 43. N.
Ellsworth, p-t Hancock co. Maine ; 24 NE.
Castine, 278 NE. Boston, W. 706. Lon. 68. 23.
W. Lat. 44. 32. N. Pop. 892.
Ellsworth, X. Grafton co. N. H.; 11 NNW.
Plymouth. Pop. 213.
Ellsworth, p-v. and S. parish of Sharon,
Litchfield co. Ct. ; 12 W. Litchfield, W. 325.

ELM

549

ELS

EJZsuiortA, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 185 NE.
Columbus, W. 286. Pop. 508. It lies on W.
side of Canfield. A valuable bed of gypsum has
lately been discovered here.
Elm, t. Switz., in Glaris ; 6 S. Glaris.
Etma, r. Russia, which runs into the Petcho-
ra, at Elma.
Etmo, t. Russia, in Archangel, at the conflux
of the Elma and the Petchora ; 312 E. Arch
angel. Elmahad, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 8 NNW. Zebid.
Elmanchilly, t. Hind., in Cicacole; 8 SSW.
Cossirocotta. Elmeboda, X. Sweden, in Smaland; 20 S.
Wexio. Elmedea, see Medea.
Elmedina, or Almedina, X. Morocco, on the
edge of mount Atlas.
Elmedina, t Morocco, near the sea-coast
Elmedingen, X. Baden ; 8 E. Durlach.
Elmedese, X. Egypt ; 12 N. Syene.
Elmeley, or Emley, small island, Eng., in the
mouth of the Thames, separated from S. side
of the island of Shepey'bV a narrow stream,
branching off from the Swatte, called the Drag;
about 3 miles long and 2 broad. It constitutes
a parish, and has a church.
Elmen, or Alt Salz, X. Pru. Saxony, in Mag
deburg ; 10 SE. Magdeburg.
Elmenau, see'Ilmenau.
Elmeshorn, X. Holstein, on the Aue ; 18 NW.
Hamburg. Pop. 2,500.
Elmesatana, or Mekam, X. Syria; 40 NW.
Ana, 80 SSE. Kerkisieh.
Elmham, (North,) v. Eng., in Norfolk ; 5 E.
Dereharn, 106 NNE. London. Pop. 896.
Elmina, or Lo Jtfino, or Oddena, or St. George
del Mina,X. Africa, on the Gold coast, situated
in a low, flat peninsula, near the two forts St.
George d'Elmina and Conradsburg. Lon. 1.
50. W. Lat. 5. 10. N. Pop. about 15,000. It is
the capital of the Dutch settlements in Western
Africa, and the most respectable fortress on the
Gold coast. The town is large and remarkably
dirty ; some ofthe houses are built of stone, but
huddled together in a confused manner. The
country around is for the most part open and
flat, the soil generally light. The inhabitants of
the town consist of traders, fishermen, and per
sons employed as servants to traders. The
citadel of Elmina, standing in the centre ofthe
Gold coast, is extremely commodiously situated
for the purposes of trade, and the protection
and security of the trader. Its situation is upon
a rock, bounded on one side by the ocean, and
also defended by strong bastions.
Elmira, formerly Newtown, p-t. Tioga co. N.
Y, on the Tioga ; 20 SW. Spencer, 240 WSW.
Albany, W. 298. Pop. in 1810, 2,169 ; in 1820,
2,945. Here is a handsome and flourishing vil
lage, situated on the Tioga, which has consid
erable trade. A newspaper is published here.
A canal, to commence at this place, and to
unite the Tioga with foe Seneca lake, has been
projected. The expense has been estimated at
483,000 dollars.
Elmira Creek, r. N. Y., which joins the Tio
ga, at Elmira.
Elmisk, or Om el Mid-, isl. in the Red sea ;
near the coast of Arabia, Lat. 22, 26. N.

Elmore, t. Orleans co. Vt ; 24 N. Montpelier.
Pop. 157.
Elmser Point, cape, on N. coast of the Isle of
Wight. Lon. 1.14. W. Lat. 50. 43. N.
Elnbogen, X. Bohemia, and capital of a circle,
situated on a rock, surrounded with mountains,
near the Egra ; 32 SW. Saatz, 62 W. Prague.
Lon. 12. 45. E. Lat. 50. 10. N. Pop. 1,608.
Pop. of the circle, 188,427. Sq. m. 996.
, Elne, (an Illiberis, fa Helena,) X. France, in
Eastern Pyrenees, formerly bp. see; 7 SSE.
Perpignan. Pop. 1,196.
Elne, r. Eng., which runs into the Irish sea,
4 N. Workington.
El-Net-Tesgiar, (i. e. The Place of Merchants])
X. fa fortress, Palestine ; 6 W. Tabatia, 46 N.
Jerusalem. Here a fair or mart is held every
Monday, for the sale of cloth, cattle, and pro^
visions, not inferior to the richest markets of
Europe. This town is the rendezvous of the
caravans which go to Grand Cairo ; and the
pacha of Damascus stops here with his court
when he makes his annual visit to Jerusalem.
In the neighbourhood is a place called Siub-
Jusef, or Joseph's Well, which the inhabitants
consider as the pit into which Joseph was put
by his brethren. This is supposed to be the an
cient Dothan, or Dothaim.
Elnia, X. Russia, in Smolenskoe : 32 ESE.
Smolensk. Lon. 33. 19. E. Lat. 54. 25. N.
Elora, X. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 13 N. Au
rungabad. It is celebrated for its pagodas, cut
out of the natural rock.
Eloremon, X. Hind., in Bednore; 24 N. Sacra-
patam. Eloria, or Helloria, t. Spain, in Biscay ; 25
E. Bilboa.
Elotz, X. Russia, in Orlov; 112 ENE. Orel.
Lon. 39. 14. E. Lat. 53. 20. N.
Eloua, see Elway.
Elovka, X. Russia, Tobolsk; 16 WNW. Tomsk.
Eloyes, X. France, in Vosges ; 7 SE. Epinal.
Elpe, see Elbe.
Elphin,X. Ireland, in Roscommon; 8 N.Boyle,
16 N. Roscommon. Bp. see. The cathedral
is the parish church ; the bishop's palace is near
the town.
Elpisan, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the.
Euphrates ; 2 NW. Kerkisieh.
Elrich, X. Pru. Saxony, in Erfurt, on the
Zorge; 6 NW. Nordhausen. Lon. 10. 40. E.
Lat. 51. 37. N. Pop. 2,570. Here are some
considerable manufactures. Near it is a noted
cave, called the cave of Kell.
Els, t. Moravia, in Brunn ; 24 NNW. Brunn,
32 W. Olmutz. Lon. 16. 14. E. Lat. 49. 32. N.
Els, r. Ger., in Oldenburg, which runs into
the Weser, 20 miles below Bremen.
Elsa, r. Tuscany, which runs into the Arno, 1
W. Empoli.
Elsa, see Ailsa.
Elsabaca, r. America, which runs into lake
Erie, Lon. 81. 28. W. Lat. 41. 48. N. .
El Sag, see Elephantina.
Elsass, r. Ger., which rises near Eppingen,
and runs into the Neckar, at Neckar Gemund.
Elsau, X. Switz., in Zurich ; 13 NE. Zurich.
Elsbach, X. Bavaria ; 5 NNE. Bischoflsheim.
Else, r. Ger., which runs into the Lahn, at
Li m burg.

ELT

550

ELY

Else, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
near Oderberg.
Else, r. Prussia, which runs into the Drausen
lake, 5 W. Marienfeldt
Elsen, X. Pru. Minden ; 2 WNW. Paderborn.
Elsen, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, on the Rhine ;
9 NE. Juliers. Pop. 600.
Elsenaw, X. Prussia ; 13 ENE. Thorn.
Else/thorough, X. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 505.
Elsendorf t Bavaria; 3 E. Schlusselfeld.
Elseness, cape, on S. coast of Sanda, one of
the Orkneys. Lon 2. 28. W. Lat. 59. 5. N.
Elsfleth, X. Ger., in Oldenburg, at the conflux
of the Hunte fa the Weser ; 17 NE. Oldenburg.
Pop. 1,562. Here is a harbour for small vessels
Elsinburg, see Helsinborg.
Elsinore, Elsineur, or Helsingoer, s-p. Den
mark, on E. coast of the island of Zealand ; 20
N. Copenhagen. Lon. 12. 38. E. Lat. 56. 2. N.
Fop. 7,000. H. 640. It is well built, and stands
on W. side of the Sound, nearly opposite to
Helsinberg, in Sweden, at the narrowest place
of the Sound, which is here less than 4 miles
across. It has no harbour, but an excellent
roadstead, generally crowded with vessels going
up or down the Baltic, and anchoring here, ei
ther to pay toll or take in stores, the supply of
which forms the great traffic of the place. The
aggregate number of vessels of all nations pass
ing the Sound is nearly 10,000; the toll paid
for English, French, Dutch, and Swedish ves
sels, is 1 per cent, on the value of their car
goes ; and 1 J per cent, for vessels of other na
tions. The annual amount of toll varies from
£120,000 to to £150,000 sterling. At Elsinore
the fortress of Cronberg, situated on the edge of
a promontoiy, is provided with powerful bat
teries. — Native, J. I. Pontanus.
Elsnabben, s-p. Sweden, in Sudermania, on
the coast of the Baltic ; 32 ENE. Nikioping.
Elster, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 6 E. Wittenberg.
Elster, r. Saxony, which passes by Adorf,
Oelsnitz, Flauen, Zeitz, Pegau, Leipsic, fac,
and joins the Saale, about 5 miies from Halle.
A considerable pearl fishery, the most celebrat
ed in Germany, is carried on upon its banks.
Elster, X. Saxony, in the Vogtland, on a river
of the same name ; 10 S. Oelsnitz.
Elster, (Schwartz,) or Black Elster,) r. Sax
ony, which rises 10 E. Stolpen, in Meissen,
and runs into the Elbe, 6 E. Wittenberg.
Elsterberg, X. Saxony, in the Vogtland, on the
Elster ; 7 N. Plauen, 15 SW. Zwickau. Lon.
10. 9. E. Lat. 50. 31. N. Pop. 1,395.
Esterwerda, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frank
fort, on the Schwartz Elster ; 17 N. Meissen,
26 NNW. Dresden. Lon. 13. 28. E. Lat. 51. 25.
N. Pop. 855.
Elstow, v. Eng. ; 1 mile from Bedford ; the
birth place of John Bunyan.
Elstra, or Elster, or Halstrow, X. Upper Lusa
tia, at the source of Schwartz Elster ; 11 W.
Budissen. Lon. 14. 8. E. Lat. 51. 12. N.
Ellen, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Cleves ;
5 N. Cleves. Pop. 1,200.
Elten, X. N. Brabant, district of Breda. Pop.
3,849. Elter, now Alter do Chaon.
Elterlein, X. Sax., in Erzgebirg ; 14 S. Chem
nitz. Lon. 14.47. E. Lat. 51. 31. N. Pop. 1,169,

Eltham, t. Eng., in Kent ; 8 ESE. London.
Pop. 1,813. Here the kings of England, at a
very early period, had a palace. Henry IV.
was often here, and died in the palace. It con
tinued to be much frequented by the -succeed
ing monarchs, till the reign of Henry VHI. who
preferred Greenwich. After which it was sel
dom visited by the royal family, and gradually
fell under neglect to decay. The great hall in
which parliament assembled, and entertain
ments were given, is now used as a barn.
Eltie, X. Nubia; 50 S. Gerri.
Eltmam, X. Bavaria, in Upper Maine, on the
Maine; 8 WNW. Bamberg, 40 ENE. Wurz
burg. Lon. 10. 43. E. Lat. 49. 58. N. Pop. 850.
Elton, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near Manches
ter. Pop. 2,540.
Elton, large salt lake, Russia, in Saratov, dis
trict of Kamyschensk; yielding annually 100,000
tons of salt.
Eltz, r. Ger., which runs into the Neckar,
near Mosbach.
Eltz, v. Ger., which rises in the Brisgau, and
runs into the Alzach, near Kenzingen.
Elvas, city, Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes ; 104
E. Lisbon. Lon. 6. 52. W. Lat. 38. 44. N. Pop.
16,000. H. 4,000. Bp. see. It is old and badly
built. It contains, besides the cathedral, 3 par
ish churches, 2 hospitals, and 7 convents. An
academy was founded here in the year 1733.
Elven, X. France, in Morbihan ; 7 NE. Van-
nes. Pop. 3,829.
Elvend, x. Persia, in Mazanderan ; _40 SE.
Fehrabad. Elvervelt, see Elbervelt.
Elvino, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 18 NE.
Equila. Elvo, t. Italy, which runs into the Sesia, 2
N. Vercelli.
Elwad ad, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 30 SSE.
Chamir. Elwah, fertile district of Egypt, on the bor
ders of Lybia, known as the greater Oasis.
Lon. 29. to 30. E. Lat. 25. to 26. N.
Elwangen, t. Wurtemberg, capital of the cir
cle of the Jaxt, on the river Jaxt ; 32 N. Ulm,
42 NNW. Augsburg. Lon. 10. 12. E. Lat. 48.
57. N. Pop. 2,094. It contains a cathedral, 3
churches, a gymnasium, and a Catholic semi
nary. It formerly gave name to a small prin
cipality. Elwy, r. N. Wales, which runs into the
Clwyd, near St. Asaph.
Ely, city, Eng., in Cambridgeshire, situated
on the Ouse, in a fenny countiy, called The
Isle of Ely, erected into a bishopric in 1107, in
favour of Hervey, removed from Bangor ; 17
N. Cambridge, 67 N. London. Lon, 0. 10. E.
Lat. 62. 26. N. Pop. of the city, 4,249 ; of the
isle, 32,599. Bp. see. The chief object of inter
est is the fine and venerable cathedral, which
is 517 feet long, having a tower 270 feet high.
The bishop has all the rights of a county pala
tine, and is sovereign ; he appoints a judge to
hear and determine all causes within the isle,
holds assizes, gaol delivery, and quarter ses
sions of the peace within the liberty, and has
his chief and under bailiffs for execution of pro
cess, and his custos rotulorum. The market is
on Saturday.

EMD

651

EMM

Elymais, ancient province, Persia, between
the Persian gulf and Media. The capital was of
the same name, and celebrated for a temple of
Diana. Elyria, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 174.
Elyria, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio ; 148 NE. Co
lumbus, W. 395.
Elys Bay, bay on N. coast of the island of
Antigua, a little S. Beggar's Point.
Elysian Fields, p-v. Amite co. Mississippi;
W. 1,281.
Elytown, p-t. Jefferson co. Alabama ; 161 Ca
hawba, W. 845.
Ely, X. & parish, Scot, in Fife ; 6 E. Largo.
Pop. 886.
Elz, t. Ger., which runs into the Moselle, 5
miles below Treisz.
Elzach, X. Baden, in the Brisgau, on a river
of the same name; 11 NNE. Freyburg, 36 S. Ba
den. Pop. 903.
Elzach, r. Ger., which rises in the Black For
est, and runs into the Rhine, between Brisach
and Strasburg.
Elze, or Eltz, t. Hanover, in Hildesheim, on
the Saal ; 9 SW. Hildesheim. Lon. 9. 57. E.
Lat. 52. 6. N. Fop. 1,489.
Emanuel, Co. Georgia. Pop. 2,928.
Emathia, ancient countiy in Macedonia.
Embabeh,X. Egypt; 2 W. Cairo. Near this
place, in 1798, a short but bloody battle was
fought between the French under Bonaparte,
and the Mamelukes under Murad Bey ; the lat
ter were defeated and compelled to retreat into
Upper Egypt ; this is called the battle of the
Pyramids. — Embabeh is famous for its butter.
Embacca, X. Africa, in Angola, on the Coan-
za ; 60 E. Loanda. The trade is in slaves.
Embarcadero, X. Cuba, in a bay on S. coast.
Lon. 76. 40. W. Lat. 21. 25. N.
Embden, see Emden.
Emboli, or Empoli, (an. Amphipolis,) X. Eu.
Turkey, in Romania, at the mouth of the Stry-
mon, originally a colony from Athens ; the
Christians call it Christopolis ; it is in a state of
decay; 48 E. Saloniki, 125 SW. Adrianople.
Considerable ruins are still to be seen here.
Embomma, X. Africa, on the Zaire, about 50
miles from its mouth, 5 or 6 miles above Lom-
bec It is the residence of a chief or king, and
contains near 100 huts.
Emboscada, X. Paraguay, on a small river.
Lon. 57. 24. W. Lat 25. 8. S.
Emboul, see Amboul.
Embrun, (an. Ebrodunum,) city, France, and
principal place of a district, in Higher Alps, on
the Durance ; before the revolution an abp.
see ; 18 E. Gap. Lon. 6. 26. E. Lat. 44. 34. N.
Pop. 3,138.
Embro, see Imbro.
Embs, see Ems.
Embs, r. Hesse, which runs into Eder, near
Felsberg. Em6s, r. Holland, which rises in Guelderland,
and passing by Amersfort, fac. runs into the
Zuyder sea, 5 E. Naarden.
Embs, or Ems, X. Tyrol, in a small district so
called ; near which are some baths impregnat
ed with sulphur ; 10 S. Bregentz. Pop. 1,200.
Emby, v. Ireland, Tipperary ; 15 W. Cashel.
Emden, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Ken

nebeck ; 16 NNW. Norridgewock." Pop. 351.
Emden, s-p. Hanover, in East Friesland, on
E. side of the Ems, near the entrance into
Dollartbay; 12 NE. Aurich. Lon. 7. 11. E.
Lat. 63. 22. N. Pop. 11,128. H. 2,257. It con
tains 7 churches, 3 Calvinist, 1 Lutheran, 1
Catholic, 1 French, and 1 Menonist It has a
safe and spacious harbour, which admits vessels
of 14 feet draft, and the roadstead, a little more
than a mile from the town affords safe anchor
age for the largest ships of war. Ship build
ing is carried on here ; also the herring fish
ery, and a considerable export of Oats, barley,
butter', and cheese.
Em dou Khal, X. Algiers, on the borders of
the Sahara, surrounded with mountains; the
first or most northerly place in which dates are
found ; 58 S. Seteef. Lat. 35. 2. N.
Emduto, X. Africa, Cayor ; 40 SW. Amboul.
Emdbellados, i . Quito, which runs into the
Maranon, 20 leagues below the Aguarico.
Emdurman, X. Nubia ; 10 S. Gerri.
Emegiagen, t. fa fortress, Morocco.
Ementhal, fine and fertile valley, Switz., in
Araw, on the Emme, famous for its cheese.
Emerald Island, small isl. in the Red sea,
near the coast of Egypt. Lon. 35. 40. E. Lat.
23. 40. N.
Emerstorff, t. Austria, on the Danube ; 16
miles above Crems.
Emer-Yapar, X. Thibet; 17 miles from Cha-
tcheou. Emery's River, i. Tennessee, which runs into
the river Tennessee, 7 miles from Clinch river.
Emesa, now Hems.
Emettsburg, p-t. Frederick co. Md., between,
Tom's creek, and Flat run, on the head waters
of the Monocasy ; 1 S. of Pennsylvania line,
24 NE. Frederisktown, 50 NW. Baltimore, W.
66. It consists chiefly of one street.
Emetz, X. Russia, in Tobolsk.
Emfras, or Enfras, X. Abyssinia, whose chief
trade is in cloves and civet ; 25 S. Gondar. Lon.
37. 38. E. Lat. 12. 13-. N. H. 300.
Emilipala, X. Hind., Cuddapa; 14 N. Combam.
Emillegue, one of the Pelew Islands.
Emineh, X. Bulgaria, on the cape which pro
jects into the Black sea, called Emineh Burun ;
30. S. Varna.
Emineh Burun, cape, Romania, projecting
into the Black sea. Lon. 28. 2. E. Lat. 42. 41. N.
Emir-lacha, X. Natolia'; 80 W. Tocat
Emly, see Elmeley.
Emly, v. Ireland, Tipperary; 15 W. Cashel.
Emma, see Daina.
Emmaus, p-t. Lehigh co. Pa., W. 179. It is
a Moravian town, 8 milep from Bethlehem.
Emmaus, three places, Judea, one near the
south end of the lake of Genesereth, S. of the
town of Tiberias ; another about 7 miles from
Jerusalem, supposed to be the place where our
Saviour appeared after his resurrection ; the
third 22 NW. Jerusalem ; now Amoas.
Emme, r. Switz., which rises near Entlibuch,
in Lucerne, and runs into the Aar, at Biberiscb,
in Soleure, through a fertile valley, called Em-
menthal. Emmeloorl, X. N. part of the island of Shock-
land, in the Zuyder sea; 10 E. Vollenhove.
Emmen, (Gros,) r. Switz., which rises about

ENA

552

END

10 miles NE. Unterseen, and runs into the Aar,
near Soleure.
Emmen, ( Wald,) r. Switz., which rises about
12 NE. Unterseen, and runs into the Reuss, 2
N. Lucerne.
Emmendingen, t. Baden, on the Ens ; 7 N.
Friburg, 19 SSE. Strasburg. Lon. 8. 42. E.
Lat. 48. 57. N. Pop. 1,399.
Emmeres, X. Neth., in Utrecht ; 7 NW. Am-
erspbrt. Pop. 1,200.
Emmerich, or Embrich, or Emmerick, X. Pru.
Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Cleves, surrounded by
walls and ditches in 1247 ; formerly one of the
Hanse towns ; 6 E. Cleves. Lon. 6. 15. E. Lat.
61. 50. N. Pop. 3,988. It contains 5 churches ;
for Lutherans, Calvinists, and Mennonit.cs, one
each ; the Roman Catholics have 2 churches,
and 4 convents.
Emmetzhofen, t Bavaria ; 5 ESE. Uffenheim.
Emmilee, X. Hind., in Oude ; 15 miles from
Allahabad. Emnabad, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 18 SW.
Beder. Emoui, or Hiaimen, island, near E. coast of
China, in the province of Fo-kien, about 15
miles in circumference, with a port capable of
containing any number of vessels with suffi
cient depth of water ; where the emperor keeps
a garrison of several thousand men. Lon. 118.
22. E. Lat. 24. 30. N.
Empedfado, r. Buenos Ayres, which runs into
the La Plata, S. of Corrientes.
Empoli, X. Tuscany, on the Arno; 15 W.
Florence. Pop. 2,480. Bp. see.
Empoli, see Emboli.
Empongo, X. Africa, in Mocaranga, on the
Zambese. Lon. 32. E. Lat. 16. N.
Emporia, now Amporias and Beghni.
Empus, t. France, Var ; 5 NW. Draguignan.
Ems, see Embs.
Ems, X. Nassau ; 7 ESE. Coblentz, Pop. 588.
Ems, or Emer, (an. Amisus,) i. Ger., which
rises near Paderborn, flows through Prussian
Westphalia and the west part of Hanover, and
runs into Dollart bay in the German ocean, a
little below Emden.
Emsbach, i. Ger., which runs into the Lahn,
3 E. Limburg.
Emskirchcn, X. Bavaria, on the Aurach ; 9 E.
Neustatt. Pop. 2,160.
Emster, or Imbster, r. Ger., which rises in E.
part of the comte of Mark, and runs into the
Rhine, 3 miles below Roeroort.
Emsworth, v. Eng., in Southampton, on the
sea; 65 SSW. London. Pop. 1,358.
Emtmansberg, X. Bavaria ; 5 SE. Bayreuth.
Emungs, one of the Pelew islands.
Ena, v. Sweden, which runs into lake Stor-
sio, in Jamtland.
Ena, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the coast
of the Archipelago ; 25 S. Trajanopoli.
Enaby, t. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 25 S.
Linkioping. Encaramada, settlement, Cumana, on the
Orinoco. Enamalore, t. Hind., Guntoor; 15 N. Moota-
pilly. Enamas Doghi, mountain, Caramania ; 60
SW. Cogni.
Enamera, X. Abyssinia ; 120 SSW. Gondar.

Enanger, t. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 13 S-
Hudwickswal. Enapa, X. Mexico, in New Biscay ; 110 NW.
Durango. Enapour, see Inapour.
Enara, or Puljva, X. Sweden, in the lapmark
of Tornea, on a large lake of the same name ;
80 SW. WardhuyS, 240 NNE. Tornea. Lon. 26.
34. E. Lat. 68. 56. N.
Enara, lake, Swedish Lapland ; 50 miles long,
and 20 broad. It is full of small islands, and
communicates with the N. sea by means of a
river. Lon. 27. 44. E. Lat. 69. 15. N.
Enarea, pr. Abyssinia, situated at SW. ex
tremity of the empire.
Enba, r. Russia, which runs into the Caspian
sea, Lon. 54. E. Lat. 46. 55. N.
Enbar, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates ; 40
W. Bagdad.
Encarnacion, (La,) island in the Pacific ocean .
Lon. 146. 9. W. Lat. 25. S.
Encatrana, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 18 ESE.
Neermul. Enceada da Bela, X. Adel, on the coast ; 30 S.
Cape Guardafui.
Enceada de Funta, bay of the Atlantic, on the
coast of Africa, at the mouth of the river Am
bozes. Enchenreut, t. Bavaria ; 4 NE. Kupferberg.
H. 72.
Enckhuysen, s-p. N. Holland, on the coast of
the Zuyder sea, which encompasses two-thirds
of it, and forms it into a peninsula ; 28 NNE.
Amsterdam. Lon. 5. 18. E. Lat. 52. 42. N. Pop.
6,803. It is a port of good trade, particularly in
salt fish. The streets are clean, with a great
number of canals ; the houses handsome ; and
the public buildings good, especially the town-
house, which is embellished with a very lofty
tower, and is equal to any in Holland, except
that of Amsterdam.
Enckendorp, t. Holstein ; 6 SE. Rendsburg.
Endapilly, X. Hind., in Rajamundry ; 40 E.
Rajamundry. Endapour, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 32 SE. Rettin-
ghery. >
Ende, see Flores.
Endeavour River, r. N. coast of New Holland,
with a bar at its mouth, and not depth of water
for vessels to sail more than a mile above the
bar. Lon.ofthe harbour, 145. 11. E. Lat. 15.26. S.
Endeavour Straits, channel, which separates
the island of New Guinea from New Holland ;
about 30 miles in extent from NE. to SW. and
about 15 broad, except at the entrance, where
it is less than one league, being narrowed by the
islands. A bank runs across it from N. to S.
about half a mile, where the depth of water at
three-quarters ebb was found 3 fathoms.
Endelave, small island, Denmark, a little E.
of Jutland ; N. of Fyen. Lon. 10. 16. E. Lat
55. 45. N.
Endena, X. Italy ; 7 N. Bergamo.
Ender, t. Italy ; 12 NE. Bergamo.
Ender, r. Scot., which runs into the Garry, 7
W. Blair Athol.
Ender, X. Africa, Hoval, on lake Paniefoule.
Endery, or Endrie, see Andreewa.
Endersdorf X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 S. Zie-
| genhals.

ENG

553

ENG

Endersdorf, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3?SW. Grot-
kau. Fop. 600.
Endhausen, X. Bavaria ; 3 S. Lauringen.
Endian, t. Persia, in Chusistan; 160 SSE.
Suster. Lat. 30. 18. N. Pop. 4, or 6,000. It is
situated on the Tab, and is surrounded by walls,
and trades with Bassorah and Bebahan.
Endingen, X. Baden, near the Rhine ; 7 NW.
Freyburg. Pop. 2,706.
Endingen, t. Wurt. ; 12 NE. Rothweil. P. 700.
Endless Mountains, name sometimes applied
to the Alleghany Mountains.
Endor, city, Palestine, near mount Tabor;
44 N. Jerusalem.
Endoui, t. Africa, in the country of the Fou-
lahs ; 45 ESE. Donghel.
Endrab, X. Persia, in Ghilan ; 25 N. Ardebil,
35 NE. Tabris.
Endromil, see Adramiti.
Endwell, r. Eng., which rises near New Rad
nor, and entering Herefordshire; soon after
joins the Lugg.
Ene, r. Peru, formed by the union of the
Perene and Xauxa ; after the junction it runs
about 50 miles, and then joining with the Apu-
rimac, forms the Ucayale.
Eneapah, (Islands of,) four small islands in the
N. Pacific ocean, W. of the canal of St. Barbara.
Lon. 241. E. Lat. 34. 2. N.
Eneda, X. Switz., in Glaris ; 2 E. Glaris.
Eneshure Indians, N. America, on the Colum
bia. No. 1,200.
Enesei, see Enisei.
Enfias, X. Portugal, Beira ; 21 ENE. ViseuV
Enfield, p-t. Grafton co. N. H.; 10 SE. Dart
mouth college, 42 N.Concord, W. 507. P. 1,370.
The greatest part of Mascorhy pond, which is
1,100 rods long, and 250 wide, lies on NW. side
of this town. At W. end of the pond there is a
village of 30 or 40 houses ; there is also in the
township a pleasant village of Shakers.
Enfield, X. Hampshire co. Mass., on E. side of
Belchertown. Pop. 873.
Enfield, p-t. Hartford co. Ct., on E. side of
the Connecticut, opposite Suffield, with which
it is connected by a handsome bridge ; 16 N.
Hartford, W. 354. Pop. in 1810, 1,846 ; in 1820,
2,065. The principal street is pleasant and well
built, extending through the town parallel to the
river. It is a good agricultural town, and has
some manufactures. It comprises 2 parishes
with 2 Congregational meetihg houses, and a
Baptist meeting house. In NE. part there is a
pleasant and flourishing village of Shakers.
Enfield, p-v. Halifax co. N. C. ; W. 238.
Enfield, X. fa parish, Eng., in Middlesex ; 10 N.
London. Pop. 5,881.
Eufiesta, X. Spain, Asturia ; 20 ENE. Oviedo.
Engadina, or Engadine, beautiful valley,
Switz., in Grisons, on the banks of the Inn,
bordering on the Tyrolese, about 35 miles long,
hut in some parts very narrow, divided into
Upper and Lower. Upper Engadina is divided
into two communities ; the number of inhabi
tants is estimated at 4,000 ; 4 or 500 of whom
emigrate to foreign countries in different capaci
ties. The country, on account of its elevation,
produces pasture, but not sufficient corn for the
wants of the people. Zutz is estimated the prin
cipal place. . Lower Engadina is divided into 3 !
Vol. I. 70

communities; the soil is more fertile than in
Upper. Engadina, and produces abundance of
fruit, and all things necessary for the inhabi
tants. Cernetz is the principal place.
Engaldi, X. Abyssina ; 80 WNW. Gondar.
Engani, small isl. in a bay on N. coast of New
Guinea. Lon. 135. E. Lat. 2, 32. S.
Engano, or Pugniatan, or Deceit Island, island
in the E. Indian sea, a small distance from the
SW. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 102. 18. E. Lat. 5.
24. S.
Engativa, New Grenada. This was a rich and
populous city in the time of Indians, but is now
a mean village.
Engedi, or Hazazon Tamar, city, Palestine,
near the entrance of the Jordan into the Dead
sea; 18 E. Jerusalem, It was surrounded by
palm trees.
Engelach, t. Hanover, Hildesheim; 15 SW.
Alfeld. Engelberg, abbey, Switz., in Underwald, in a
valley surrounded with lofty mountains; 5 ESE.
Saxlen. Engelbrechts, t. Austria ; 5 NNW. Bavarian
Waidhoven. Engelhartzel^X. Austria; 9 E. Passau.
Engelhaus, X. Bohemia, in Saatz; 2 ESE.
Carlsbad. Ehgelholm, s-p. Sweden, in a bay on E. side
of the Cattegat, with good anchorage ; 36 N.
Lund, 45 W. Christianstadt. Lon. 12. 52. E.
Lat. 56. 14. N. Pop. 717.
Engellaw, X. Prussia ; 24 ESE. Konigsberg.
Engelsberg, X. Aus. Silesia, in Troppau; 22
WNW. Troppau. Lon. 17. 15. E. Lat. 49. 54, N.
Pop. 1,165.
Engelsberg, X. Prussia ; 12 NE. Culm.
Engelsdorf,X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw; 10 NNE.
Krottau. Engelstein, X. Prussia ; 48 SE. Konigsberg.
Engelstelten, X. Austria ; 23 E. Vienna.
Engellhal, X. Bavaria ; 13 E. Nuremberg.
Engen, X. Baden, on the Aach ; 22 W. Con
stance. Lon 8. 46. E. Lat. 47. 53. N. Pop. 1,009.
! Engenho-real, X. Brazil, in Para, on the river
Para. Lat. 1. 40. S.
Enger, or Engeren, X. Pru. Westphalia, in
Minden; 3W. Hervorden, 20 SW. Minden. Lon.
8. 23. E. Lat. 52. 8. N. Pop. 970. This was
formerly a considerable place, with a citadel
and fortifications. Witikind the Great had his
residence here, and a monument was erected to
his memory, in the parish church.
Enger, pass, in the mountains between Persia
and Moultan ; 7 NNE. Kandabil.
Enger See, lake, Carinthia; 10 NNW, Felt-
ku-chen. Engerz, or Conolstein Engers, X. Pru. Lower
Rhine, on the left bank of the Rhine ; 5 N. Cob
lentz. Pop. 1,000.
Engerz, or ZoV Engers, X. Pru. Lower Rhine,
on the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Co
nolstein Engers.
Engerstorff, X. Austria ; 10 SW. Zistersdorf.
Engheuan, X. Persia, Irak ; 50 E. Nehavend.
Enghien, or Enghuien, t. Neth., in Hainaut ;
S ENE. Ath, 30 NNE. Valenciennes. Pop.3,045.
Here is a superb castle with a park ?nd gardens.
This place gave the title of duke to a prince
of the house of Bourbon Conde, in ipemory of a

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victory of the great Conde, obtained here. The
last that bore the title was executed by order
of Bonaparte, March 1804.
Engia, isl. near the coast of Morea, in a gulf
to which it gives name ; anciently called ASgina,
Oenone, and Myrmidonia; about 30 miles in
circumference ; but rendered by rocks nearly
inaccessible, except on N W. It has no harbours,
and but one town, which contains about 800
inhabitants ; in it are seen the remains of a tem
ple dedicated to Venus, and another dedicated
to Jupiter ; 25 SSW. Athens. Lon. 23. 35. E.
Lat. 37. 42. N.
Engia, Gulf of, (an. Saronic Gulf) gulf on
SE. coast of Eu. Turkey, so called from the
island situated in it, about 60 miles in length
from NW. to SE., and 25 In breadth, at the
mouth. ENGLAND, the southern and most conside
rable division of the island of Great Britain,
bounded N. by Scotland, E. by the German
ocean, S. by the English channel, which divides
it from France, and W. by Wales and the Atlan
tic. Lon. 1. 50. E. to 6. W. Lat. 50. to 56. 40.
N. It is of triangular form ; length from N. to S.
400 miles ; of various breadth, in some places
300. Sq. m. 50,210; 32,134,000 acres : about
10,500,000 acres in cultivation for tillage ;
14,200,000 in pasturage ; of the remainder, left
uncultivated, about 3,000,000 acres are suscep
tible of cultivation. Of the 10,500,000 acres in
tillage, about 2,000,000 are occupied by wheat ;
2,000,000 by pease, beans, buck-wheat, vetches,
fac. ; 3,500,000 by barley and oats'; 3,000,000
fallow or in a course of turnips, fac.
Divisions. England is divided into 40 coun
ties ; Wales into 12 : total 52. The extent and
population, in the following table, are from the
returns to parliament of 1811.
Counties. sq.m. Pop. Capitals.
Northumberland 1809 172,161 Newcastle
Cumberland 1497 133,744 Carlisle
Durham 1040 177,625 Durham
Yorkshire York
East Riding 1268 167,353
North Riding 2112 152,445
West Riding 2633 653,315
Westmoreland 722 45,922 Appleby
Lancashire 1806 828,309 Lancaster
Cheshire 1017 227,031 Chester
Shropshire 1403 194,398 Shrewsbury
Herefordshire 971 94,073 Hereford
Monmouthshire 516 62,127 Monmouth
Nottinghamshire 774 162,900 Nottingham
Derbyshire 1077 185,487 Derby
Staffordshire 1196 295,153 Stafford
Leicestershire 816 150,419 Leicester
Rutlandshire 200 16,380 Okeham
Northamptonshire 965 141,353 Northampton
Warwickshire 984 228,735 Warwick
Worcestershire 674 160,546 Worcester
Gloucestershire 1122 285,514 Gloucester
Oxfordshire 742 119,191 Oxford
Buckinghamshire 748 117,650 Buckingham
Bedfordshire 430 70,213 Bedford
Lincolnshire 2787 237,891 Lincoln
Huntingdonshire 345 42,208 Huntingdon
Cambridgeshire 686 101,109 Cambridge
Norfolk 2013 291,999 Norwich
Suffolk 1666 236,211 Ipswich

Counties. sq.m.
Essex 1525
Hertford 602
Middlesex 297
Surrey 811
Kent 1462
Sussex 1461
Berkshire 744
Wiltshire 1283
Hampshire 1533
Dorsetshire 1 129
Somersetshire 1549
Devonshire 2488
Cornwall 1407
Wales.
Flintshire 309
Denbighshire 731
Caernarvonshire 775
Anglesea 402
Merionethshire- 691
Montgomeryshire 982
Radnorshire 455
Cardiganshire 726
Pembrokeshire 575
Caermarthenshire 926
Brecknockshire 731
Glamorganshire 822
Pop. 1801.
England,  8,331,434
Wales,  541,546,
Scotland,... .1,599,068.

Pop.
252,473 111,654
953,276
323,851
373,095 190,083118,277
193,828
245,080 124,693
303,180
383,308
216,667

Capitals.
ChelmsfordHertford London
Guilford MaidstoneLewes Reading SalisburySouthampton
DorchesterBridgewater
ExeterLaunceston

46,518 Flint
33,111 Denbigh
49,386 Caernarvon
37,045 Beaumarais
30,924 Dolgelly
51,931 Montgomery
20,900 Presteign
50,260 Cardigan
60,615 Pembroke
77,217 Caermarthen
37,735 Brecknock
85,067 Cardiff
1811. 1821.
.9,538,827  11,260,655
....611,788  717,108
,1,805,688  2,092,014

10,472,048 11,956,303 14,069,677
Army fa navy 470,598 640,500 310,000
Totals,  10,942,646 12,596,803 14,379,677
English Islands. Pop. 1821.
Isle of Man,  .40,084  Jersey,  28,600
Guernsey, fac....20,827  Scilly isles,....2,614
The population of England and Wales, at sev
eral past periods, has been computed as follows:
In 1700. 1750. 1770. 1790.
5,475,000. 6,467,000. 7,428,000. 8,675,001).,
Religion. The established religion is epis
copacy, comprising 2 archbishops, of Canter
bury and York, and 24 bishops, who have the
privilege of a seat in the house of Lords; and
a bishop of Sodor and Man, not possessed of
this privilege. The king is considered the su
preme head of the church. The archbishop of
Canterbury is styled the primate of all Eng
land, and takes precedence of all persons, ex
cept the royal family. His province includes
21 bishoprics, Bangor, Bath and Wells, Bristol,
Chichester, Ely, Exeter, Gloucester, Hereford,
Landaff, Lichfield and Coventry, Lincoln, Lon
don, Norwich, Oxford, Peterborough, Rochester,-
St. Asaph, St. David's, Salisbury, Winchester,
and Worcester. The province of York includes
4 bishoprics, Durham, Carlisle, Chester, and the-
Isle of Man. Among the bishops, the bishop of
London holds the 1st rank, Durham the 2d, and
Winchesterthe 3d. The rest rank accordingto
the seniority of their consecration. The reve
nue ofthe bishop of Durham is reckoned the
largest, and is supposed to amount, annually,
to about £20,000 sterling. The amount of the
revenues of the two archbishops, and the bish
ops of London and Winchester, is probably
next to that of Durham. To every cathedral

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belong several prebendaries and a dean, who
form the dean and chapter. The next order is
that of archdeacons, who are about 60 in num
ber. The parochial clergy, who are the most
numerous, as well as most laborious order, are
the deacons, curates, vicars, and rectors. These,
in 1811, amounted to 10,434; of whom, 5,397
were residents, and 5,037 were non-residents.
The number of churches belonging to the es
tablishment, in 1818, was 10,192; chapels, 1,651 ;
total, 11,741. The income of the clergy is
principally derived from tithes; annnal amount
about £3,000,000. The average annual income
of the parochial clergy does uot'exceed £100.
The dissenters from the establishment ate
very numerous, comprising Presbyterians, In
dependents, Catholics, Methodists, Baptists,
Quakers, Unitarians, and Swedenborgians ; —
there are alsO some Jews. The1 Catholics
amount to about 500,000, and have 900 chapels.
The Methodists in Great Britain, in 1821, a-
mounted to 260,345.
Education. Education among the higher
classes is much attended to, but neglected
among the lower, till the institution of Sunday
and Lancasterian schools. There are two uni
versities, Oxford and Cambridge, the most
richly endowed of any in Europe. The most
celebrated ' public schools are those of Eton,
Westminster, St. Paul's, Harrow, and Rugby.
There is a college near Hertford, and military
academies at Woolwich and Sandhurst.
Towns. Some of the commercial ports are
London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Newcastle,
Whitby, Whitehaven, Sunderland, and Yar
mouth ; naval stations, Portsmouth, Plymouth,
Woolwich, and Chatham ; manufacturing towns,
Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Wakefield,
Norwich, Sheffield, Leicester, Nottingham, Co
ventry, and Wolverhampton. Some of the prin
cipal watering places are Bath, Cheltenham,
Tunbridge, and Harrowgate. Brighton, Rams-
gate, Scarborough, Margate, and Swansea are
places of fashionable resort in summer.
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Thames,
Severn, Trent, Medway, Mersey, Ouse, Tyne,
Tees, Were, Dee, Avon, Eden, and Derwent.
Canals. England is remarkable for the num
ber and extent of her canals. See Canals.
Face ofthe country. The face of the country
is beautifully diversified with hills and verdant
plains. Wales is mountainous, and the north
ern counties of England somewhat so. Snow-
don, in Wales, is the highest mountain.
Soil and productions. The soil is various, but
a large proportion of it is very good, and iUs
under excellent cultivation. The principal pro
ductions are wheat, barley, oats, rye, buck
wheat, beans, and peas.
Climate. The climate is healthy, though un
certain, and liable to frequent and sudden
changes. It is inclined to cold and damp, but
the extremes of heat and cold are much less
than in most other countries in the same parallel
of latitude. In most parts of England the ther
mometer rarely rises higher than 82 deg. in
summer, or falls below 15 deg. in winter.
Minerals. The mineral productions are very
valuable, consisting of coal, iron, tin, lead,
copper, marble, rock salt, fac. .

Manufactures. England is famous for the ex
tent and excellence of her munufaclures ; con
sisting of woollens, cotton, silk, hardware,
earthenware, and glass, also leather, paper,
fac The total annual value was estimated, in
1801, at £63,000,000.
Commerce. The commerce of England ex
ceeds that of eveiy other countiy. It consists
chiefly in the exchange of her manufactures for
the raw produce of other parts of the world.
The following is an official statement of the
annual value of the exports and imports of
England at several periods.
Years. Imports. Exports.
1719  £5,367,499;  £6,834,716.
1749  7,917,804  12,678,758.
1779  10,762,240  12,352,052.
1799  24,483,841  31,723,727.
1809  27,142,641  45,918,663.
1814  24,362,124  37,647,874.
For further particulars relating to the govern
ment, statistics, fac. see Britain.
ENGLAND, (New,) country, N. A., forming
NE. part of the U. S. ; bounded N. by Canada,
E. by New Brunswick and the Atlantic, S. by
the Atlantic and Long Island sound, and W. by
New York. It comprises the states of Maine,
Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Lon. 66. 49.
to 73. 15. W. Lat. 41. to 48. 12. N. Pop. in
1810, 1,271,974; in 1820, 1,659,793.
The face ofthe couritry is generally uneven,
and agreeably diversified. A part of it is moun
tainous. The soil is various, from barren sand
to the richest clays and loams. It is generally
better fitted for grazing than tillage. The most
important production is grass. Beef, mutton,
pork, butter, and cheese are abundant. Indian
corn, rye, wheat, barley, and oats are exten
sively cultivated. This is the most populous
part ofthe United States. The inhabitants are
mostly of English descent ; there is no country
in the world where education is so generally dif
fused among all classes of people.
England, small island in the Pacific ocean,,
near N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 131. 36..
E. Lat. 0. 48. S.
Englefield, v. Eng., in Berks, where Ethels
wolf defeated the Danes ; 6 W. Reading.
Englefield Bay, bay on W. coast of Queen
Charlotte's island, in the N. Pacific ocean. Cape
Henry forms its S. extremity, from whence it
extends 20 NNW. to point Buck, but narrows as
it advances towards the bottom of the bay.
Englesqueville, X. France, in Lower-Seine ;
15 SW. Arques. Pop. 360.
English Bazar, X. Bengal ; 3 SSW. Mauldab.
English Cove, harbour or bay, on SW. coast
of New Ireland ; 7 NNW. Cape St. George.
English Harbour, bay on SW. ofthe island of
Antigua, a little E. of Falmouth harbour.
English Point, cape, in the river St. Law
rence, on the coast of Canada. Lou. 61. 45. W.
Lat. 49. 40. N.
English Reach, reach, in the straits of Magel
lan, about 9 miles over, between Cape Gallant
and Cape Holland.
English Road, road, in the island of Eooa, or
Middleburg; in the S. Pacific ocean, with 25
fathoms water. Lon. 174. 34. W. Lat. 21. 20. S.

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English Island, or Long Island, small island,
near the coast of Natolia, at the entrance of
the gulf of Smyrna. Lon.26.24.E. Lat.38.38.N.
English Town, p-v. Monmouth co. N. J. ; 47
Trenton, W. 214.
English Town, p-t. Athens co. Ohio ; 58 SE.
Columbus, W. 360.
English Turn, bend, in the Mississippi, 16 miles
below New Orleans. It is so called, because
the English ships, in their first attempt on the
city, after proceeding thus far, were obliged to
return. English Prairie, settlement, Illinois ; 50 N.
Shawneetown. Englishstain, X. Austria ; 6 NW. Zwetl.
Engsllatt, t. Wurt; 2 NE. Bahlingen. P. 600.
Ertgousah, X. Africa, in Beni Mezzab ; 150 E.
Gardeiah. Engueleguingit, X. Morocco, not far from
Mogador. Enguiagne, X. Africa, in Hoval, on the Sene-
negal ; 12 NW. Ender.
Enguas, r. Africa, in Zenhaga, which runs in
to the Atlantic, Lat 26. 30. N.
Enguera, X. Spain, in Valencia. Lon. 1.37.
W. Lat. 39. 5. N. Pop. 5,000.
Enguri, r. Mingrelia, which runs into the
Black sea, at Anarghia.
Enhallow, one ofthe smaller Orkney islands,
between Pomona and Rousa.
Enheim, X. Bav. ; 7 S. Maynbernheim.
Enin, r. Peru, which flows into the Apuri-
mac Lat. 11. 46. S.
Enisei, r. Russia, which rises in the border
of Chinese Tartary, and taking a N. course,
runs into the Frozen ecean, Lon. 82. 14. E.
Lat. 72. 20. N. Length, 1,750 miles.
Eniseisk, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the river
Enisei; 400 ENE. Kolivan, 1,692 ENE. As
trachan, 2,293 ESE. Petersburg. Lon. 91. 50.
E. Lat. 58. 16. N. Pop. 6,000. H. 800. 4
churches. It is large, populous, and fortified,
with an extensive jurisdiction ; which pays an
nually a tribute in skins to the crown of Russia.
Enix, X. Spain, in Grenada; 8W. Almeria.
Enkioping, X. Sweden, on N. side of the Ma
lar lake, in Upland ; 21 SW. Upsak Lon. 16.
64. E. Lat. 59. 40. N. Pop. 1,187.
Enkhuysen, see Enckhuysen.
Enkirch, X. Pru. Coblentz ; 3 N. Traarbach.
Pop. 1,181.
Enna, see Caslro- Giovanni.
Ennatserai, X. Hind. ; 3 E. Allahabad.
Ennebacka, X. Norway ; 26 SE. Christiania.
Ennebi-Salechk, see Ardd.
Ennezat, X. France, in Puy-de-D6me ; 4 E.
Riom. Pop. 2,393.
Ennis, t. Ireland, capital of Clare ; 17 NW
Limerick. Lon. 8. 64. W. Lat 52. 49. N. It is
large and populous, situated on the Fergus,
which is navigable for large boats from the
Shannon, which adds greatly to the trade of
the town. It is a borough town, and sends one
member to parliament.
Enniscorthy, X. Ireland, in Wexford, on the
•Slaney, where is a manufacture of coarse wool
len cloth ; 10 N. Wexford, 27 NE. Waterford.
Lon. 6. 35. W. Lat. 52. 31. N. This was once
celebrated for. its iron works, and some still ex
ist. There is a fine old castle in tolerable repair.

Enniskillen, t. Ireland, in Fermanagh, on an
island in the river Erne, between the two parts
of Lough Erne ; 30 W. Armagh, 41 S. London
derry. Lon. 7. 30. W. Lat. 54. 20. N. Pop.
3,208. The linen manufacture flourishes, and
produces its principal wealth. It has barracks
for two companies of foot
Ennisville, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. ; 79 Har
risburg, W. 177.
Ennore, X. Carnatic, on the coast ; 8 N. Ma
dras. Ennoree, or Ganoree, r. S. C, which runs into
Broad river, 5 miles below Tiger river.
Ennow, X. Hind., Oude; 10 NE. Cawnpour.
Ennow, X. Hind., in Oude ; 28 SW. Lucknow.
Eno, r. N. C, the principal head branch of
the Neuse. It passes by Hillsborough, and
joins Little and Flat rivers, to form the Neuse.
Eno, or Enos, (an. Anos,) t. Eu. Turkey, in
Romana; 28 NW. Gallipoli. Lon. 26. 1. E.
Lat. 40. 40. N. Pop. 7,750. Greek abp. see. ,
It has a commodious harbour and considerable
traffic. - Eno, X. Finland; 70 E. Kuopio.
Enola, X. Naples, in Lavora; 4 N. Fondi.
Enon, place, Palestine, near the Jordan, on
W. side, not far from Scythopolis.
Enontakis, t. Swedish Lapland, in the lapp-
mark of Tornea; 150 N. Tornea. Lon. 22. 4.
E. Lat. 68. 30. N.
Enosburgh, p-t. Franklin co.Vt. ; 45 NE. Bur
lington, W. 532. Pop. 932.
Enosis, now St. Antonio.
Enolaevsk, X. Russia, in Astrachan, capital of
a circle, on the Volga ; 72 NNE. Astrachan.
Lon. 46. 19. E. Lat. 37. 15. N. Pop. 1,300.
Enowtawkaia, v. fa fortress, in Astrachan ; 20
SE- Tchernoyar.
Enragrag, r. Fez, which runs into the Atlan
tic, at Salee.
Enriquillo, lake, St. Domingo, towards the
south coast, in the limits which divided the pos
sessions of Spain from those of France.
Ens, X. in S. part of Schokland, in the Zuy
der sea ; 10 NW. Campen.
Ens, or Enns, (an. Anisus,) r. Austria, which
rises 4 W Radstadt, in Salzburg, and, after
flowing through Stiria and the archduchy of
Austria, runs into the Danube, at the town of
Ens. It is navigable in the lower part of its
course, but in Stiria it has several cataracts. It
divides the archduchy of Austria into Upper
and Lower Austria ; or the Land above the
Ens and the Land below the Ens.
Ens, or Enns, X. Austria, at the conflux of the
Ens and the Danube ; near the site of the an
cient Lauriacum; 42 ESE. Passau, 80 W.Vien
na. Lon. 14. 29. E. Lat. 48. 20. E. Pop. 2,862.
It is situated on an eminence, well built, and
strongly fortified; containing a convent, an
arsenal, and 2 castles, one of which is surround
ed with walls, and bears the name of Ensburg.
Ens, (Land above the,) pr. Austria, contain-
ins 7,320 sq, m.; 755,891 inh.; divided into 5
circles, viz. Hausruck, Traun, Inn, Muhl, and
Salzburg. Lintz is the capital.
Ens, (Land below the,) pr. Austria, contain
ing 7,696 sq. m. ; 1,048,324 inh. ; 150,057 H. ;
divided into 4 circles. Vienna is the capital.
I Ensaka, pr. Angola, NE. Loanda,

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Emala, t. Africa, in Twat. Lon. 4. 46. E.
Lat. 23. 40. N.
Ensay, one of the smaller W estern islands of
Scotland. Lon. 7. 9. W. Lat. 57. 51. N.
Enschede, X. Neth., in Overissel; 5 S. Oldena-
zel. Pop. 4,245.
Ensdorf t. Bav., district of Amberg. Pop.
1,264. Ensenada de Arenas, or Corrientes Bay, large
bay on S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 84. 45. W. Lat
21. 45. N.
Ensenada de Batabano, large bay on S coast
of Cuba. Lon. 82. 40. W. Lat. 22. 15. N.
Ensenada de Cochinos, bay, with several small
islands, on S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 82. 30. W.
Lat. 21. 50. N.
Ensenada de Tapocoroc, bay on the coast of
Brazil. Lat. 26. 55. S.
Enseni, (an. Antintle, or Antinoopolis,) X.
Egypt, on E. side of the Nile, and capital of
Lower Egypt; 120 S. Cairo. Lon. 31. 0. E.
Lat. 28. 5. N. Here are divers antiquities.
Among its ruins are three great gates, of which
the first is adorned with columns of the Corin
thian order, fluted ; the two others which cor
respond to the first have much fewer orna
ments. These ruins of the ancient Antinoe are
at the foot of the mountains, near the Nile.
The walls are of brick, fresh and red, as if just
made. Near it is a village, inhabited by Chris
tians, whose security seems to be owing to a
superstitious opinion that no Mahometan can
live in that place.
Ensham, parish, Eng., in Oxfordshire ; 6 Ox
ford, 61 NW. London. Pop. 1,166.
Ensio7en, see Einsidlen.
Ensingen, X. Wurt. ; 18 NW. Stuttgard. Pop.
700. Ensisheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine ; 12 S.
Colmar. Pop. 1,809.
Ensival, X. Neth., in Liege, on the Vese ; 3
W. Limburg. Pop. 1,894.
Enskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 51. E. Lat 60. 44. N.
Enskar stora, small isl. on E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 21. 7. E. Lat 61. 41. N.
Enstorf or Ensdorf, t. Bavaria; 22 N. 'Ratis
bon. Pop. 1,264.
. Entlibuch, X. Switz., in Lucerne, in a valley
of the same name ; 12 W. Lucerne. H. 250.
Entracque, or Enlragues, X. Piedmont ; 5
SSE. Demont. Pop. 3,462.
Entradas, X. Portugal, Alentejo ; 15 S. Beira.
Eniraigues, X. France, in Aveiron ; 18 N.
Rhodez. Pop. 1,400.
Enfroigues, t. France, in Isere ; 20 SE. Gre
noble. Eniraigues, X. France, in Vaucluse; 9 NE.
Avignon. Pop. 1,000.
Entrains, X. France, in Nyevre ; 10 W. Cla-
mecy. Pop. 1,067.
Entre Ambus os Rios, X. Portugal, Entre-Duero-
e-Minho ; 8 SSW. Amarante.
Entre-Duero-e-Minlw, pr. Portugal, bounded
N. by Galicia, a province of Spain ; E. by Tra-
los-Montes and Spain ; S. by Beira, from which
it is separated by the river Duero ; and W. by
the Atlantic. Sq. m. according to Hassel, 2,121;
others 3,455. Population according to Antillon,
907,965; Ebeling, 817,167 ; Barros, 1,123,495.

H. 181,853. It takes its name frorii its situa
tion between the rivers Duero and Minho, the
latter of which waters part of its northern bor
ders, as the former bounds the south ; about 60
miles from N. to S. and 35 from E. to W. The
soil is fertile, and the air pure and healthy. It
produces corn, wine, oil, and flax in abun
dance, with great numbers of sheep, and plenty ,
of game and fish. It is divided into 6 jurisdic
tions, which contain 1,460 churches, 963 par
ishes, and 1,130 convents. It has several sea
ports situated on navigable rivers, which ren
der it very .commercial. The principal towns
are Braga, the capital, Oporto, the largest town,
Viana, Guimaraens, Amarante, Moncao, and
Ponte de Lima.
Entrecasteaux, X. France, Var ; 10 E. Barjols.
Entrerios, district, Buenos Ayres.
Entrevaux, X. France, in Lower Alps, near
the ruins of the ancient Glandeves ; IS NE.
Castellane. Pop. 1,326.
Entrick, r. Scot., which rises in Stirlingshire,
and after a precipitous course of little more
than 14 miles, falls into Loch Lomond. In it
are several cataracts.
Entry Island, one of the Magdalen islands, in
the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 61. 20. W. Lat.
47. 15. N.
Entry Island, one of the small Philippine isl
ands, near S. coast of Leyta. Lon. 125. 24. E.
Lat. 10. 1. N.
Entry Island, small island, in the N. Pacific
ocean, E. Cook's straits, near the coast of Ea-
heinomauwe. Lon. 184. 18. W. Lat. 40. 51. S.
Entzerstorff, or Enzersdorf, X. Austria; 6 S.
Laab. Entzerstorff, t. Austria, near the conflux of
the rivers Restinpach and Reisenpach ; 10
WNW. Bruck.
Entzerstorff in Langenthal, t. Austria ; 2 SE.
Corn Neuburg.
Envermeu, or Envermeuil, X. France, Lower
Seine ; 8 E. Dieppe.
Enyara, X. Arabia, on the coast of the Red
sea ; 30 S. Jambo.
Enyed, t. Transylvania ; 16 N. Weissemburg.
Pop. 6,000.
Enz, r. Ger., which rises 10 W. Altenstadt, in
Swabia, passes by Wildbad, Neuenburg, Pfortz-
heim, fac, and joins the Neckar at Bessigheim,
in Wurtzburg.
Enzberg, X. Wurtemberg, on the Enz ; 6 W.
Vaihingen. Pop. 912.
Enzelee, or Enzeli, t. Persia, in Ghilan, on
SW. coast of the Caspian sea ; 6 N. Reshd. H.
300. It is a place of considerable trade.
Enzeli, X. A. Turkey, Diarbekir ; 25 E. Ourfa.
Enzersdorf, or Entzerstorff, X. Austria, near
the Danube ; 9 E. Vienna, 24 W. Presburg.
Pop. 750. It is near the scene of the great bat
tle of Aspern between the French and Austri
ans in 1809. Here is a castle.
Enzig, lake, Pru. Brandenburg; 12 WSW.
Dramberg. Enzowan, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 4 E.
Leitmeritz. Enzwaihingen, X. Wurtemberg, on the Enz •
2 SE. Vaihingen. Pop. 1,200. '
Eo, or Miranda, r. Spain, which rises in the
mountains of Asturia, separates Asturia from

EPH

558

EPS

Galicia, and runs into the Atlantic, a little N.
of Rivadeo.
Eooa, see Eaoowe,
Eoaaigee, one of the small Friendly islands ;
4 E. Tongataboo.
Eoroomanaca, one of the small Friendlyi st
ands or rocks ; 6 N. Neeneeva.
Eorsa, one ofthe smaller Western islands, W.
of Mull. Lon. 66. W. Lat. 56. 30. N.
Epaigne, X. France, in Eure ; 5 S. Pont Au
demer. jEpea, now Solea.
Epee, port, Africa, in Benin.
Eperies, X. Hungary, in Scharosch, on the
Tartza;M5N. Casovia Lon. 21. 12. E. Lat. 38.
47. N. Pop. 7,426. H, 650. It contains 3
churches, 2 Catholic, 1 Lutheran, and a Catho
lic gymnasium, and has considerable trade.
Near it are some salt mines.
Eperteque, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 6
NW. St. Omer.
, Epernay, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Marne, celebrated for its wine and
manufactures of cloth ; 13 S. Reims, 16 SW.
Chalons sur Marne. Lon. 4. 2. E. Lat. 48. 3. N.
Pop. 4,430. ,
Epernon, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 12
NE. Chartres. Pop. 1,379.
Epetium, now Stobrez.
Ephe, see Caspha, and Caifa.
Ephesus, v. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the
.Cayster ; 35 S. Smyrna. Lon. 27. 37. E. Lat.
37. 50. N. This was anciently one of the most
splendid cities of Asia Minor, and the metropo
lis of all Asia. Stephanus gives it the title of
Epiphanestate, i. e. Most Illustrious ; Pliny styles
it the ornament of Asia ; and Strabo, the great
est and most frequented emporium of that con
tinent. But the chief ornament of Ephesus was
the so much celebrated temple of Diana, built
at the common charge of all the states in Asia ;
and for its structure, size, and furniture, ac
counted one of the 7 wonders of the world.
220 years (Pliny says 400) were spent in build
ing this wonderful temple, by all Asia. It was
425 feet in length, and 200 in breadth, support
ed by 127 marble marble pillars 70-feet high, of
which 77 were most curiously carved, and the
rest polished. Each pillar, with its base, was
calculated to contain 150 tons of Parian mar
ble. These pillars were the works of so many
kings, and toe bas-reliefs of one were done by
Scopas, the most famous sculptor of antiquity ;
the altar was almost wholly the work of Prax
iteles. This celebrated edifice was destroyed
during the invasion of the Goths A. D. 260.
The splendid remains of magnificent works
with which this famous city was once adorn
ed, now lie scattered about and attest its for
mer grandeur. — When Tournefort visited Ephe
sus about 1700, he found there 30 or 40 Greek
families; but in 1820, it was visited by Mr.
Fisk, and not a single human being was found
to live in the place. See Ajasaluck.
Ephraim, city, Palestine ; 8 NE. Jerusalem.
Another city of the same name was situated
nearer the Jordan.
Ephrata, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa., on Cocalico
creek ; 12 NE. Lancaster, W. 124. It is inhab
ited by a religious sect called Dunkers, orTun-

kers, of plain and inoffensive manners. They ^
are now reduced to a very small number.
Ephreen, or Afrin, r. Syria, which runs into
a lake a little N. the lake of Antioch.
Ephremov, X. Russia, Tula ; 36 SE. Tula.
Ephremovskaia, fortress, Russia, in Ekateri
noslav ; 108 NE. Ekaterinoslav.
Epiacum, now Hexham.
EpidamnUs, see Durazzo.
Epidaurus, see Malvasia, Pidaura, and Ra*
gusa. Epiez, X. France, Loiret ; 12 W. Orleans.
Epilla, X. Spain, in Aragon, on the Xiloca ; 17
W. Saragossa. Pop. 3,200.
Epinac, X. France, in Saone-and-Loire ; 1 1
ENE. Autun. Pop. 1,200.
Epinal, city, France, capital of Vosges, on
the Moselle ; 48J posts ESE. Paris. Lon. 6.31.
E. Lat. 43. 10. N. Pop. 7,520. H. 1,000. It is
well built, contains 14 churches, and 2 hospi
tals, and has some manufactures, and consider
able trade in cattle and timber.
Epinay, X. France ; 6 N. Paris.
Epineu-le-Chevreuil, X. France, in Sarte; 12
W. Le Mans.
Epineul, X. France, Yonne ; 2 N. Tonnerre.
Pop. 735.
Epinoi, X. France, in North ; 7 S. Lille.
Epiphan, t. Russia, in Tula ; 40 E. Tula.
Epinouze, t. France, Drdme ; 16 N. Romans.
Epiphania, now Hamah.
Epirus, or Epire, countiy, in NW. part of
Greece, bounded N. by Illyricum, E. by Mace
donia and Thessaly, S. by .ffitolia, and W. by
the Ionian sea. After its conquest by the Ro
mans it was called Rlyricum Graciense. It now
constitutes what is called Lower Albania, or
Turkish Dalmatia.
Episcopi, X. Candia, in which is a church, sup
posed to have been a cathedral, belonging to
the bishop of Chisamo ; 10 W. Canea.
Episcopi, see Piscopia.
Episcopia, X. Naples, in Basilicata; 19 SW.
Tursi. Epoise, X. France, in Cote-d'Or ; 7 W. Semur
en Auxois. Pop. 975.
Eporedia, now Ivrea.
Epour, X. Hind., Visiapour; 10 NW. Merritch.
Eppendorf v. Ger., in the territory of Ham
burg, on the Alster. Pop. 1,351.
Eppana, see Yenne.
Epping, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 20 W.
Portsmouth, W. 499. Pop. 1,158.
Epping, X. Eng., in Essex ; 17 NNE. London.
Pop. 1,473. It is famous for its excellent butter.
Epping, t. Austria; 4 S. Aigen.
Eppingen, X. Baden, on the Elsatz; 10 W
Heilbron, 10 SSE. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,439.
Epsom, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 12 E.
Concord, 44 NW. Portsmouth, W. 517. Pop.
1,336. It contains a cotton manufactory and a
number of mills.
Epsom, X. England, in Surry ; 15 S. London.
Pop. 2,515. It is celebrated for a medicinal
spring of a purgative quality, and downs, on
which are horse races annually. Near it, King
Heniy VIII. built a magnificent palace, called
Nonsuch. It has a market on Friday.
Epstein, t. Nassau ; 9 NNE. Mentz. Pop.
1,100.

ERR

559

ERF

Epte, r. France, which runs into the Seine,
near Vernon. It formerly separated the domin
ions of the duke of Normandy from France.
Epternach, see Echternach.
Epworth, X. Eng., in Lincoln, situated on the
isle of Axholm, with a weekly market on Thurs
day ; 11 N. Gainsborough, 166 N. London.
Pop. 1,502. Its principal trade is a manufac
ture of sacking.— Natives, J. fa C. Wesley.
Equea, X. Africa, on the Gold coast.
Equestris, now Nion.
Equinunk Creek, r. Pa., which runs into the
Delaware, Lon. 75. 20. W. Lat. 41. 52. N.
Er, small isl. in the English channel, near the
coast of France. Lon. 3. 6. W. Lat. 48. 62. N.
Era, r. Tuscany, which runs into the Arno,
14 miles above Pisa.
Era, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near W.
coast of Aroo. Lon. 135. 3. E. Lat. 5. 14. S.
Erach, X. Hind., in the Carnatic; 15 ESE.
Coilpetta. Erachelty, X. Hind., in Dindigul ; 8 S. Otom-
paliam. Eradeeba, X. Abyssinia ; 90 WNW. Gondar.
Erajarvi, X. Finland ; 36 Tavastland.
Eraklea, or Erekli, (an. Heraclea,) X. Eu. Tur
key, Romania, on the sea of Marmora ; 18 SE.
Rodosto, 46 W. Constantinople. Pop. 7,000.
Greek abp. see. It has a double harbour.
Eram, t. Arabia, near the Red sea; 50 S.
Mecca. Eramno, or Aramroy, small island on the en
trance of the gulf of Cutch, on the coast of Gu
zerat, with a town ; 50 W. Noanagur. Lon. 68.
40. E. Lat 22. 32. N.
£i-ang,t. island of Ceram.
Erasmus, mt. Ceylon ; 30 NW. Trinkamaly.
Eravinskoi, fortress, Russia, in Irkutsk ; 80
ESE. Barguzinsk. Lon. 111. 14. E. Lat. 52.
32. N.
Erbach, t. Ger., in Nassau, on the Rhine ; 14
W. Mentz. Pop. 800.
Erbach, co. Ger., in Franconia, belonging to
Hesse, about 21 miles long, and 6 wide : the
soil is mountainous, but produces enough to
supply the wants of the inhabitants. Sq. m. 254.
H. 3,470. Pop. 28,759 ; nearly all Lutherans.
Erbach, X. Hesse, capital ofthe above county,
on the Mumbling ; 16 NNE. Heidelberg, 20 NE.
Manheim. Lon. 9. 1. E Lat. 49. 40. N.
Erbach, X. Bavaria ; 6 S. Gemunden.
Erbach, t Wurt., on the Danube, district of
Eh'ingen ; 7 SW. Ulm. Pop. 1,210,
Erbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Blies, 2
W. Deux Ponts.
Erb'at, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 58 SE. Di
arbekir. Erbaz, X. Natolia ; 36 WSW. Degnizlu.
Erbendorf X. Bavaria, on the Waldnab, district
of Parkstein. Pop. 1,034.
Erbenhausen, t. Ger. ; 3 S. Meinungen.
Erbil, or Emit, or Ervil, X. Curdistan, in She-
rezur, situated in an extensive plain, between
the Great and Little Zab ; 60 E. Mosul, 70 NW.
Sherezur. Lon. 43. 20. E. Lat. 36. 11. N. Pop.
3,000. Long since, it was the metropolis of the
Nestorians, and at one time the capital of an
independent principality. It is the ancient Ar-
bela, which gave name to a great battle in which
Alexander defeated Darius with the loss of

100,000 men. This battle was fought at Gauga-
mela, 12 miles distant. At W. end of the town
are the remains of an ancient castle ; and in the
neighbourhood are naphtha pits.
Erbesdorf X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 3 S. Frey-
berg. Pop. 425.
Erbisdorf X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 3 S. Erz
gebirg. Erblspach, or Erwoltspach, or Erlsbach, X. Ba
varia ; 12 WNW. Dingelfingen, 34 ESE. Ingold-
stadt. Erei, t.France, in Ille-and-Vilaine; 5 E. Bain
Pop. 2,860.
Erchee, t. Persia, in Adirbeitzan j 60 ENE.
Tabris. Erdad, or Erdot, X. Sclavonia, on the Danube;
10 E. Eszek.
Erdem-tchao, t. Chinese Tartary, in the coun
try of the Eluths; 680 NW. Peking Lon. 102.
44. E. Lat. 46. 58. N.
Erder, t. Ger., in Lippe ; 12 NNE. Lemgow.
Erding, see Aerding..
Erdmandorf X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 5 E.
Chemnitz. Pop. 800.
Erdre, r. France, which rises near Conde,
in Mayne-and-Loire, and runs into the Loire,
at Nantes.
Erebinlhus, now Prota.
Erec, ancient province, Asia, on both sides of
the Euphrates, towards its mouth.
Eregen, X. Flanders ; 10 SW. Bruges.
Erekli, or Erkeli, (an. Archelais, according to
D'Anville,fafli!racZeaaccording to some others,)
t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 150 SW. Sivas.
Lon. 34. 34. E. Lat. 37. 50. N. It is situated in
a fine tract of country, and is of considerable
size, though of mean appearance, the houses
being constructed of unburnt bricks or mud.
Erekli, or Eregrij or Penderachi, (an . Heraclea,)-
s-p. Natolia, on the Black sea, governed by a
cadi ; at one time Episcopal ; 100 En Constant
tinople. Lon. 31.27. E. Lat. 41. 18. N. Hera
clea was famous for its splendid library, its
temple, and public places. It is now a small
village. Erekli, see Eraklea.
Eremegike, t. Thibet ; 25 S. Tourfan.
Eres, or Eris, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the
borders of Armenia, falling to decay ; 80 SW
Derbent, 120 SE. Teflis.
Eressus, or Eresos, X. on SW. side of Lesbos,
Eresma, r. Spain, which runs into the Duero*
between Simancas and Tordesillas.
Erethri, (an. Erythra,) X. Natolia, opposite to
Chio. Eretria, now Gravelainas.
Erf, r. France, which runs into the Rhine, at
Strasburg. Erfa, X. Corsica ; 25 WNW. Bastia.
Erfelden, or Erefelden, X. Switz., in Uri ; 3 S
Uri. Erff, r. Ger., which runs into the Maine, near
Miltenberg. .
Erff I, r. Ger., which rises near Lechenich It
passes by or near to Bergheim, Bedburg Cas
ter, Grevenbroick, fac, and runs into the Ithinp
at Nuys. UB'
Erfurt, gov., Prussia, forming a part of OV
Prussian province of Saxony, of irregular form
lying west of the government of Merseburg

ER1

560

ERI

and bordering on the territories of Weimar,
Gotha, Hesse Cassel, Hanover, and Schwartz
burg. Pop. 231,654. Sq.m. 1,409. It is divided
into 10 circles, viz. the city of Erfurt, the terri
tory of Erfurt, Hohnstein, Upper Eichfeld,
Muhlhausen, Lower Eichfeld, Henneberg, Lan-
gen Salza,,Weissensee, and Ziegenruck.
Erfurt, or Erfurth, (an. Erpis, or Erpes,) t.
Pru. Saxony, capital of a government to which
it gives name, on the Gera, which flows through
the town in different branches ; 12 W. Weimar,
110 W. Dresden, 160 E. Cologne. Lon. 11.2.
E. Lat. 50. 59. N. Pop. 15,97 ; including the
military,' 18,218. H. 2,892. The town is large,
containing many gardens, the houses in the
Gothic style, but not generally well built, yet
there are several good public edifices. It is
defended by 2 castles, and contains 345 streets,
10 Cath. churches, 8 Luth., 5 cloisters, a Cath.
and a Luth. gymnasium, an academy, a public
library, and a botanic garden. The population
in the 16th century is said to have amounted
to 58,000. The inhabitants are partly employ
ed in the manufacture of woollens and silk. A
university was founded here in 1392; renewed
and improved in 1767 ; but suppressed in 1816,
from deficiency of funds.
Ergab, (an. Argob,) X. Palestine, near lake
Genesareth. Ergene, (an. Agrianes,) r. Eu. Turkey, which
runs into the Mariza, near Demetica,
Ergers, r. France, which runs into the Hie,
2. E. Grispoltheim, in Lower Rhine.
Ergolz, r. Swabia, which runs into the Rhine,
3 miles below Rheinfelden.
Eriambo, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby,
30 miles above Obdorskoi.
Ericeyra; X. Portugal, in Estramadura, on the
sea coast ; 20 NW. Lisbon. H. 200.
Ericht, or Erocht, r. Scot., in Perthshire,
which, after a course of 14 miles, flows into
the Isla, near Cupar.
Ericht, lake, Scot, in Perthshire ; 24 miles
long, and 1 broad.
Eridanus, now Po.
Erie, lake, N. America, through which the
boundary line runs which separates the United
States from Canada ; about 280 miles in length
from SW. to NE., and from 10 to 60 in breadth.
It is 120 feet deep, and its surface is 565 feet
above the tide water at Albany. Lon. 78. 35.
to 83. 10. W. Lat. 41. 20. to 42. 50. N. This
lake is of dangerous navigation, on account of
the great number of rocks which project for
many miles together from the northern shore,
without any shelter from storms. There are
several tolerably good harbours on S. shore ;
the principal of which are Buffalo and Dunkirk,
N.Y. ; Erie, Pa. ; Painesville, Cleveland, Gran
ger, Sandusky, Croghansville, besides Put-in
and Maumee bays, Ohio. — It discharges its wa
ters at NE. end into the river Niagara. — A bat
tle was fought here, on the 10th September,
1813, between the American fleet, under com
modore Perry, and the English fleet, in which
the latter was taken.
Erie, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Niagara co.,
E. by Genesee Co., S. by Cataragus and Cha
tauque cos., and W. by lake Erie and Niagara
river. — It was formed from Niagara co. in 1821,
Fop. 15,668, Chief town, Buffalo.

Erie, co. N W. corner of Pa., bounded NNW.
| by lake Erie, E. by New-York and Warren cos.,
S. by Crawford co., and W. by Ohio. Pop. in
1810, 3,768 ; in 1820, 8,553.
Erie, or Presque Isle,p-X. bor. fa cap. Erie co.
Pa., on a margin of a bay formed by two pen-
'¦ insulas on S. side of lake Erie ; 55 NNE. Frank
lin, 97 SW. Buffalo, 100 E. Cleveland, W. 354.
Lon. 80. 8. W. Lat. 42. 10. N. Pop. 635. It
contains a court-house, a jail, and a printing
office. It is situated on a plain, whose banks
are steep, and elevated 70 feet above the water.
It has an excellent harbour for small vessels.
The shipping belonging to this port, in 1816,
amounted to 644 tons.
Erie, p-t. fa cap. Green co. Alabama; 165
Cahawba, W. 920.
Erie, fort, in Upper Canada, at NE. point of
'lake Erie.
Erieville, p-v. in Nelson, Madison co. N. Y. ;
115 W. Albany. W. 361.
Erieux, r. France, which runs into the Rhone,
at Beauchastel.
Erilpaal, X. Meckley ; 6 SE. Munypour.
Erin, an ancient name of Ireland.
Erimo-Kaslro, (an. Thespia,) X. Greece, in
Livadia, on the eastern declivity of mount
Helicon. Erisj see Aras.
Eriskay, one of the W. islands of Scotland,
separated from South Uist by a narrow strait,
called Eriskay Sound, about 5 miles in circ.
Lon. 7. 16. W. Lat. 57. 4. N.
Eriskirch, X. Wurt. ; 2 SE. Buchorn.
Erisso, (an. Acanthus,) s-p. Macedonia, near
mount Athos ; 28 S. Emboli.
Erisso, or Hierisos, see Chersonesus.
Erilri, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, anciently a
city and seaport of Ionia, and called Erythra ;
36 W. Smyrna. It had a spacious harbour, and
a temple of Hercules, reckoned one of the most
stately edifices in Asia.
Erith, v. Eng., in Kent, on the right bank of
the Thames ; 2 E. Woolwich. Pop. 969. Ships
from the East-Indies heavy laden bring to, and
discharge part of their cargoes, to lighten them
for greater security in navigating further up
the river.
Eritzka, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 20 E. Kirensk.
Erivan, or Persian Armenia, or Greater Arz
I menia, or Eastern Armenia, pr. Persia, about
200 leagues in length, and 60 in breadth ;
bounded N.by Georgia, E.by Schirvan and a
small province called Mougan, S. by Adirbeit-
'. zan, and W. by Turkish Armenia. The princi
pal towns are Erivan and Nachsivan.
Erivan, or Irvan, or Irivan, city, Asia, and-
capital of Greater Armenia, or Erivan. Lon.
44. 35. E. Lat. 40. 20. N. Pop. 16,000. It is
situated in a plain, surrounded with mountains,
on the river Tergui, which flows into the
Oraxes, 3 leagues below. It is large, dirty, and
(ill built, and but indifferently peopled; the
i ramparts are of earth ; the fortress is encom
passed with a wall of bricks, in which is a pa
lace for the governor, and 800 houses, inhabit
ed only by Persians ; the Armenians have shops
there, but must not remain during the night
The churches are small, andhalf buried in the
ground; resembling catacombs. In the town

ERM

561

ERR

and environs they reckon 28 convents for the
devotees of both sexes, but they are poorly
endowed. The lake of Erivan, called by the
Persians Doria Shevin, is 3 days march from
the town, and is 100 miles in circ.
Eriza, see Ariza.
Erkelens, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, in Aix la
Chapelle ; 10 N. Juliers. Lon. 6. 13. E. Lat.
51. 8. N. Pop. 1,340.
Erkiko, see Arkiko.
Erla, X. Austria ; 4 SW. Vienna.
Erla, (Closter,) X. Austria ; 6 E. Ens.
Erlabron, X. Bavaria ; 4 N. Schainfeld. Pop.
800. Erlach, X. Austria; 8 W. Efferding.
Erlach, or Cerlier, X. Switz., in Berne, with a
bailiwick, on the borders ofthe lake of Bienne ;
15 WNW. Berne.
Erlau, or Eger, X. Hungary, surrounded with
walls, and defended by a castle; 40 E. Gran,
120 ESE. Vienna. Lon. 19. 50. E: Lat. 48. N.
Pop. 16,112. H. 1,710. Abp. see. It is an an
cient town, and the houses are generally mean.
It contains a Catholic academy, a theological
seminary, and a lyceum, and hasastrong citadel.
Near it is a hot mineral spring. The neighbour
hood is famous for excellent wine.
Erlau, X. Ger. ; 3 NW. Schleusingen.
Erlbttch,X. Bavaria; 7 SE. Wurzburg.
Erlbach, i. Ger., which runs into the Rhine,
7 miles above Germersheim.
Erlbach, or Erlebach, Markt, X. Bavaria ; 1.7
W. Nuremberg, 14 NNE. Anspach. Lon. 10.
41. E. Lat. 49. 32. N.
Erlbach, (Unter,) X. Bav. ; 4 W. Spalt I
Erlebach, r. Austria, which runs into the Da
nube, 6 below Ips. I
Erlebach, X. Bav. ; 3 NNW. Clingenberg.
Erlebach, r. Ger., which rises in Nassau, and
runs into the Nidda, 2 W. Wilbel.
Erlebach, X. Switz., in Berne ; 18 S. Berne.
Erlenbaeh, X. Bav. ; 3 SE. Gemunden. P. 800.
Erlenbach, X. Bav, ; 10 NNE. Wertheim.
Erlingheim, X. Wurt. ; 9 NW. Ludwigsburg.
Fop. 600.
Erlisberg, X. Switz., in Lucerne ; 15 NW. Lu
cerne. Erinagil, (an. Rabacia,) t. Persia, in the Me
cran ; 210 W. Tatta. Lon. 64. E. Lat. 26. 14. N.
Ermattingen, X. Switz., in the Thurgau ; 3 W.
Coristance. Ermeland, formerly a province of Prussia,
now included in the Prussian province of Ko
nigsberg. The principal towns are Frauenburg,
Braunsberg, and Heilsberg.
Ermelo, X. Neth., in Guelderland ; 3 S. Har-
derwyk. Pop. 1,100.
Ermenak, (an. Homonada,) X. A. Turkey, in
Caramania; 63 S. Cogni.
Erment, or Ermenth, see Arment,
Ermenonville, V.France, in Oise; 5 SE. Sen-
lis. It is surrounded by beautiful scenery, and
has a castle and elegant gardens. The celebrat
ed Jean J. Rousseau lies buried in a beautiful
grove of poplars in the park belonging to the
castle. Ermija,X: Spain, in Biscay; 16 ESE. Bilboa.
Ermil, X. Russia, in Tambov ; 44 S. Tambov.
Erms, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Danube, 4 SW. Nurtingen.
Vol. I. 71

Ermsleben, X. Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg ;
14 SE. Halberstadt Pop, 1,809.  Native,
Gleim. Ermya, X. Spain, Biscay ; 20 NNE. Vittoria.
Ernani, X. Spain, in Guipuscoa ; 5 miles from
St. Sebastian.
Ernatia, X. Natolia, on the gulf of Satalia ; 16
NW. Satalia. Lon . 30. 24. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Ernberg, mt. Ger. ; 3 SE. Salzungen.
Erne, r. Ireland, which rises in N. part of
Longford, crosses the county of Cavan from
N. to S., passes through Lough Erne, in the
county of Fermanagh, and empties itself into
the bay of Donegal, 3 m. below Bally Shannon.
Erne, r. Eng., which rises about 5 miles from
Brent, in Devonshire, and runs into the English
channel, 5 SSW. Modbury.
Ernie, t. France, principal place of a district,
in Mayenne, on a river of the same name ; 12-
W. Mayenne, 15 NNW. Laval. Pop. 4,740.
Ernee, r. France, which runs into the May
enne, 2 N. Laval.
Ernest, X. Upper Canada, N. side of lake On-.
tario. Ernsbach, or Ernspach, X. Wurtemberg ; 4 N.
Ohringen. Pop. 732.
Ernsthal, X. Sax., in Schonburg ; 7 W. Chem
nitz. Lon. 12. 36. E. Lat. 50. 45. N. Pop. 1,884.
Ernsthofen, X. Hesse ; 10 S. Darmstadt.
Eropheevo, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 60 N. Bala-
ganskoi. Eropina, X. Africa, and capital of a kingdom
of the same name, on S. side of the Gambia,
Lon. 14. 30. W. Lat. 13. 40. N'.
Eordea, now Amaud-Beligrad.
Erota, t. Hind., in Mysore ; 48 SSW. Serin,
gapatam. Erouad, or Erroad, fortified town, Hind., in
Coimbetore ; 32 ESE. Damicotta, 48 NE. Co
imbetore. Lon. 77, 50. E. Lat. 11. 19. N. H.
about 400. It once contained 3,000 houses.
Eroucheti, X. Turkish Armenia ; 22 S. Akal*
zike, 85 W. Erivan.
Erpach, see Erbach.
Erpe, r. Ger., which rises near Wolfshagen,
in Hesse, and enters the Dime), opposite War
burg. Erra, t. Portugal, in Estramadura, on a river
of the same name ; 22 SE. Santarem.
Erra, i. which runs into the Tagus, 12 E.
Salvaterra; in Estramadura.
Errabari, X. Egypt ; 10 NW. Cairo.
Erraiani, or Rdigny, X. Egypt, on the right
bank of the Nile ; 2 E. Tahta.
Erreef or Rif pr. Morocco, lying along the
coast; abounding in corn and wine. Pop. ac
cording to Jackson, 200,000.
Erro, r. Italy, which runs into the Bormida,
3 SW. Acqui.
Errol, X. Coos co. N. H., on the Androscog
gin ; 28 NE. Lancaster. Pop. 26. *
Erromango, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, and
one of those called the New Hebrides; 72 miles
in circ Lon. 169. 20. E. Lat. 18. 50. S.
Erronam, or Footoona, isl. in the S. Pacific
ocean, and one of the most eastern of those
called the New Hebrides, about 15 miles in cire
Lon. 170. 2. E. Lat. 19. 31. S.
Erroogoor, t. Hind., in Coimbetore; 8 NE
Coimbetore. . ' "'

ERV

56'2

ESC

Efroor, fortified town, Hind.j in Mysore, on
the Hoggree. Lon. 76. 39. E. Lat. 13. 48. N.
Erse, r. Ger,, which runs into the Fuhse, 8 S.
Zelle. Ersenbrun, t. Bav. ; 7 SW. Gemunden;
Ersilton, or Erlston, t. Scot., in Berwick ; 7
SSE. Lauder, 28 W. Berwick.
Ersingen, X. Baden ; 9 SE. Durlach. P. 1,000.
Ersnas, X. Sweden, in West-Bothnia ; 15 SW.
Lulea. Erstein, t. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 12 S.
Strasburg. Pop. 2,344.
Erto del Ferro, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ;
10 W. Umbriatico.
Ervedeira, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 12
NW. Leiria.
Ervedoso, X. Portugal, in Beira; 16 ESE. La
mego. Ening's Grant, in Franklin co. Mass. Pop.
331. Here is a post-office ; 107 WNW. Boston,
W. 418.
Ervy, X. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Aube ; 17 S. Troyes, 21 NE. Auxerre.
Lon. 4. E. Lat. 48. 2. N. Pop. 1,975.
Erwahlen, X. Courland ; 22 NE. Piltyn.
Encash, r. Eng., which rises in the county of
Nottingham, and almost in its whole course se
parates that county from Derbyshire, and falls
into the Trent, 4 SW. Nottingham.
Erwinna, p-v. Bucks co. Pa ; W. 184.
Erwinsville, p-v. Rutherford co. N.C. ; W. 461.
Erwile, X. Ger. ; 5 S. Lippstadt. Pop. 1,200.
Erythra, now Erethri.
Erylhraan Sea, now Arabian Sea.
, Eryx, see San Giuliano.
Erzen, X. Hanover, in Calenberg, on the
Humme ; 7 SW. Haraeln. Pop. 901.
Erzen, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the
Erzen Siai ; 45 E. Diarbekir, 135 S. Erzerum.
Erzen Siai, r. A. Turkey, which runs into the
Tigris, 5 E. Hesn Keifa.
Erzerum, or Arzerum, or Arz-roum, (an. Arze,)
city fa cap. Turkish Armenia, or Tarcomania,
fa also of a pachalic to which it gives name ; 250
NNE. Aleppo, 510 E.byS.Constantinople. Lon.
40.57. E. Lat. 39. 58. N. Pop. according to Has
sel, Cannabich, Malte-Brun, fac, only 25,000 ;
according to the Edin. Gaz., 100, or 130,000.
Mr. Morier, who visited this city in 1808, gives
the followingestimate : Turkish families, 50,000 ;
Armenian, 4, or 5,000 ; Greek, 100. Persians
living in a caravansary, about 1,000. Mr.
Morier mentions, that from the original esti
mate he deducted more than one-third of the
number' of Turkish families; but the reduced
statement, at the rate of 5 persons to a family,
makes the Turkish population amount to 250,000.
Arminian abp. and Greek bp. see.
Erzerum is situated near the head ofthe Eu
phrates, on a rising ground, at the base of a
chain of mountains, which are usually covered
with snow. The climate is healthy, but the
Cold in winter intense. It is surrounded by a
double stone wall, -with 4 gates. It is well
built ; the houses generally of stone, with raft
ers of wood, and terraced, haying grass grow
ing on the tops, and sheep and calves feeding
there, so that, when seen from a distance, the
roofs ofthe houses can hardly be distinguished
from the plain at their foundation. The streets

are mostly paved, and the bazars are spacious
and well stocked, and the place exhibits an
appearance of much industry. It contains
about 100 mosques, 1 Greek and 2 Armenian
churches, and 16 baths. It has considerable
manufactures, and an extensive trade in copper
and articles from Persia and countries NW. of
Hindoostan. — It is a very ancient town ; the
inhabitants date its foundation from the time of
Noah. — Pop. of the pachalic, according to Has
sel, 300,000. Sq. m. 21,400.
Erzgebirg, circle, Saxony, surrounded by
Leipsic, Meissen, Vogtlandt, Neustadt, and Bo
hemia. It owes its name to its mines of iron,
copper, tin, lead, cobalt, bismuth, and arsenic-;
the yearly produce computed at about £300,000
or £400,000 sterling; the number of miners,
12,000. The soil is hard and stubborn, the air
cold, and the corn which is sown not unfre-
quently destroyed by the severity of the wea
ther. Sq. m. 2,153. Pop. 459,464. Towns, 52.
Villages, 594. Chief towns, Freyberg, the ca
pital, Chemnitz, and Zwickau.
Erzgebirg, (i. e. Metalliferous Mountains,)
chain of mountains running between Saxony
and Bohemia, till tbey meet the Riesengebirgc
on the frontiers of Silesia. The highest summits,
which are on the side of Saxony, sometimes
rise to 3,800 or 3,900 feet above the level of
the sea.
Erzo, X. Georgia, in Kaket ; 15 SW. Kaket.
Esarbury, X. Hind., in Baglana; 23 SW. Na
derbar. Esaro, r. Naples, which runs into the sea,
near Crotona, in Calabria.
Esau, mt. Arabia, in Yemen ; 4 N. Udden.
Esaulovo, X. Russian Siberia, in Kolivan ; 36
ESE. Krasnoiarsk.
Es6o, t. Finland ; 10 W. Helsingfors.
Esbele, t. Syria, called by the Franks, Gebele;
12 N. Bairout, 30 S. Tripoli. It is the ancient
Byblus, and supposed to be the countiy of the
Giblites mentioned by Joshua. Here, il is said,
Cinyras, the father of Adonis, had a palace ;
and the city became famous for the temples
and worship of Adonis. The walls of the town
remain, which are about a mile in circ. ; and
at SE. corner there is a very strong castle of
rusticated work, built of hard stone that has
pebbles in it.
Escacena, X. Spain, Seville ; 20 W. Seville.
Escaillon, r. France, which runs into the
Scheldt, about 2 miles above Valenciennes.
Escala, (La,) t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the
coast of the Mediterranean ; 22 E. Gerona
Lon. 2. 57. W. Lat. 42. 7. N.
Escalona, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 14 NNE.
Segovia. EscaZonfl,t.Porlugal,in Beira; 16N.Almeida.
Escalona, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 20 NW.
Toledo, 32 SW. Madrid. Lon. 4.37.W. Lat. 40.
15. N. Pop. 2,200. It is situated on an emi
nence, in a fertile country, near the Alberche,
and surrounded with walls. It contains 4 faux
bourgs, 4 churches, 2 convents, and a castle.
Escalente, X. Spain, Biscay ; 15 E. Santander.
Escambia, r. Alabama, which unites with the
Conecuh, in W. Florida, near the N. border.
Escape River, r. N. A., which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 92. 32. W. Lat. 44. 10. N.

ESC

563

ESK

Escape Point, cape on W. coast of the island
of Revilla Gigedo, in the N. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 228. 30. E. Lat. 55. 37. N.
Escary, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 5 S. Calzada.
Escarigo, X. Portugal, in Beira; 12 NW. Pen-
na Macor.
Escassefort, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
5 NE. Marmande. Pop. 770.
Escarso Point, cape on N. coast of Mindoro.
Lon. 120. 54. E. Lat 13. 27. N.
Escatalees, X. France, in Garonne ; 5 W. Mon-
tauban. Escatron, X. Spain, in Aragon; 12 NNW.
Alcaniz. EscA, t Luxemburg, on the Elz ; 7 W. Diek-
rich. Pop. 1,260.
Escach, see Aeschach.
Escateopan, (Santa Maria de,) t. Mexico ; 32
leagues SW. Mexico.
Eschach, X. Wurtemberg ; 4 N. Schleichingen.
Pop. 1,400.
Escliau, X. Bavaria; 20 NE. Erbach.
Esche, X. Switz., in Uri ; 8 SE. Altorff.
Eschelbach, t. Baden ; 10 S. by E. Heidelberg.
Pop. 780.
Eschenau, X. Austria ; 8 S. St. Polten.
Eschenau, t. Bavaria ; 10 E. Erlang.
Eschenau, X. Bavaria ; 3 E. Eltman.
Eschenaw, X. Prussia; 14 SW. Heilsberg.
Eschenbach, X. Bav ; 34 ENE. Nuremberg.
Eschenbach, X. Bav. ; 8 SE. Anspach, 28 SW.
Nuremberg. Pop. 850.
Eschenbach, citadel, Bav. ; 3 NE. Hersbach.
Escherndorf X. Bav. ; 3 SW. Volckach.
Esehersliausen,-t. Ger., in'Brunswick ; 15 NW.
Eimbeck. Pop..1 842.
Eschersheim, X. Ger. ; 3 NW. Frankfort on the
Maine. Eschlbefg, X. Austria ; 14 SW. Freustadt.
Eschlkamp, t. Bavaria ; 3 E. Furth.
Eschwegen, taper., in Hesse Cassel, on the
Werra ; 27 ESi/. Cassel. Lon. 10. 5. E. Lat.
51. 12. N. Pop. 4,392. It is a handsome and
well built town, and contains 4 Calvinist chh.
Eschweilcr, t. Pru. Aix la Chapelle, on the
Dente ; 6 S. Juliers. Pop. 1,420.
Esclavos, (Los,) X. Guatimala ; 42 ESE. Gua
timala. Escle, X. France, in Vosges ; 10 W. Epinal.
Escobar,X. Buenos-Ayres; 70 S. Potosi.
Escondido, r. Guatimala, which branches off
from the Desaguadera, and. runs into the Span
ish main, Lat. 12. 14. N.
. Escoyeux, t France, in Lower-Charente ; 7
NE. Saintes. H. 210.
Escudo de Veragua, small isl. near the coast
of Veragua. Lon. 81.5. W. Lat. 8. N.
Escure, (V,) t. France, Tarn ; 2 NE. Alby.
Escurial, v. Spain, in New Castile, on the
Guadara; 12 NW. Madrid. Lon. 4. 8. W. Lat.
40. 36. N. Pop. 2,453. It takes its name from
the celebrated palace or convent, which is said
to contain 11,000 windows, 14,000 doors, and
800 pillars, and to have cost 6,000,000 crowns.
It is furnished with some capital paintings, by
the best masters, and a library, which is said to
contain 130,000 volumes, of which 4,300 are
MSS. It was begun in the year 1563. At the
first sight of the Escurial, it conveys the idea of
a square quarry of stone above ground ; for it

is the largest, though not the most elegant pal
ace in Europe, and is esteemed by the Span
iards the 8th wonder ofthe world. It was built
by Philip II. in commemoration of the victory
of St. Quentin, gained over the French on the
day Of St Lorenzo, the Spanish saint, for whom
it is named, and is built in the strange form of
a gridiron, in allusion to the manner of his
death. The Doric architecture prevails in it ;
it is wholly built of grey stone, called beroque-
na, resembling a kind of granite, though not so
hard. It is situated in a dry soil, among barren:
mountains ; the breadth of 657 feet ; the sides
are 494 feet in depth. There is a square tower
at each end of the four corners, said to be 200
feet in height The chief front, which has 35
windows in breadth, is turned towards the
mountains, which are only 100 paces distant.
The church is built with a cupola, after the
model of St. Peter's at Rome, and on each side
is a tower with chimes. Behind the choir is an
altar, over which is a representation, as large
as life, of Christ on the cross; the body is of
white, the cross of black marble. This is thought
to be the finest crucifix extant.
Escurolles, X. France, Allier ; 4 NE. Gahnat.
Esden, X. Westphalia ; 3 SSW. Stockeim.
Esdraelon, or Jezreel, city, and fertile plain,
Palestine ; S. of Mount Tabor.
Esens, see Essens.
Esfendjai, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 60 SE.
Dergasp. Esferain, or Mihirgian, X. Persia, in Chora
san ; 80 E. Astarabat, 200 NW. Herat.
Esferi, or Ashfera, X. Turkestan, in Fergana,
on a river which runs into the Sihon ; 20 SE.
Kojend. Esfijab, or Seirem, X. Turkestan, on the Sir ;
80 W. Toncat.
Esgreville, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 9
SE. Nemours. H. 250.
Esgueva, r. Spain, which runs into the Pisu-
erga, at Valladolid.
Esgueyra, or Esgueria, X. Portugal, in Beira :
8 S. Aveiro. H. 583.
Eshaness, cape on W. coast of Mainland, the
largest of the Shetland islands. Lon. 2. 4. W
Lat. 60. 38. N.
Eshlime, X. Egypt; 6 NNE. Shabur, 18 S.
Faoua. Eshref, see Ashref
Esi, X. Italy, Ancona; 11 SSW. Ancona.
Esino, (an. ASsis,) r. Naples, which runs into
the Adriatic, Lon. 13. 25. E. Lat. 43. 40. N.
Esjime, X. Chorasan, near the Jihon ; 135
SE. Urkonje.
Esk, r. Eng., which runs into the Irish sea,
near Ravenglass, in Cumberland.
Esk, r. Scot., formed by the union of two
streams, called the JVortA and South Esk ; 1 N.
Dalkeith, which runs into the Forth, at Mussel
burgh. Esk, r. Scot., which rises in N. part of Dum-
frieshire, and unites with the Eden to form the
Solway Frith.
Esk, (North,) r. Scot, which rises in the
Grampian mountains, and after an E. course
between the counties of Angus and Kinkardine
runs into the German sea, Lat 56. 50. N '
tf Esk, (Soutli,) r. Scot, which rises in the

ESO

564

ESP

Grampian mountains, and after an E. course
through the county of Angus, runs into the sea,
at Montrose.
Eskarmekoun, X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 90 S.
Suster. Eskelib, or Iskib, (an. Gaudiopolis,) X. A.
Turkey, in Sivas; 12 W. Tschurum, 30 ESE.
Kiangari. Eskeloot Indians, N. A. on the narrows of Co
lumbia. No. 1,000.
Esker, (an. QSscus,) r. Bulgaria, which runs
into the Danube, 20 W. Nicopolis. Length,. 120
miles. Eskerdcr, t Imiretta ; 44 S. Cotatis.
Esky-Adalia, see Side.
Eski-Baba, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 30
SE. Adrianople.
Eskier, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 60 N. Aden.
Eskikesek, X. Circassia, on the borders of the
Russian government of Mount Caucasus ; 50
SSW. Stavropol. Lon. 41. 42. E. Lat. 44. 9. N.
Eskijalsa, X. Persian Armenia ; 120 SE. Eri
van. Esici-hisar,X. A. Turkey, in Natolia; 16 W.
Mogla. Pocock and Chandler place here the
ancient Slratonicea.
Eski-hissar, (an. Laodicea,) X. A. Turkey, in
Natolia, now almost a heap of ruins ; 8 N. Deg-
nizlu, 100 E. Smyrna. Laodicea was one of
the seven churches mentioned in the Revela
tion. It contains only about 50 poor inhabitants.
Eskilstuna, see Carl Gustavadst.
Eskiltstuna, X. Sweden, in Sudermania ; 54
W. Stockholm. Pop. 1,926. It is famous for the
manufacture of steel and cast iron.
Eslcimaux, see Esquimaux, and Labrador.
Eskimaux Bay, bay on S. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 57. 30. W. Lat. 51. 30. N.
Eskimaux Islands, cluster of small islands in
the gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 63. W. Lat. 50. 15. N.
Eski Mosul, see Beled.
_ JZskisadx.a,pr Eski Sagra, (an . Berma, or Beroz,)
X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 48 E. Filippopoli.
Pop. stated at 20,000. It is situated on a branch
of the Mariza, and has manufactures of leather,
carpets, and hardware.
Eskishchr, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the
river Sakharia ; 1 16 SE. Constantinople. Lon.
31. 0. E. Lat. 39. 48. N. D'Anville places here
the ancient Stratonicea.
Eski-stamboul, (an. Alexandria,) X. Natolia, in
Troas. Here are many ruins of the ancient
city. Esto, i. Spain, which runs into the Duero,
between Zamora and Miranda de Duero.
Esmant, X. Africa, in Querimbo. Lon. 41. 4.
E. Lat. 10. 2. S.
Esmeraldas, see Tacames.
Esneh, see Asna.
Esnoanila, X. Africa, in Sugulmessa; 15 S.
Sugulmessa. Esopus, t. Ulster co. N. Y., on W. side of the
Hudson; 4 S. Kingston, 69 S. Albany. Pop.
1,513. Esopus, r. Ulster co. N. Y., which rises in the
NW. part, flows by Kingston, and joins the
Hudson at Saugerties, 11 miles below Catskill.
Length 58 miles.
Espa, t. Finland ; 10 NW. Helsingfors.

Espadacinta, t. Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes.
on the Duero, and borders of Spain ; 28 N,
Almeida, 34 SW. Miranda de Duero.
Espagnac, X. France, in Lozere, on the Tarn;
10 S. Mcnde. Pop. 1,917. Near it is a lead
mine, which yields 33 pounds of lead from a
a quintal of ore, and S ounces of silver from a
quintal of metal.
Espakeh, or Asfaca, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 54
SW. Kin.
Espakeh, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 120 SSW.
Herat Espalion, X. France, and seat of a tribunal, in
Aveiron; 17 NNE.Rhodez. Lon. 2.50. E. Lat.
44. 30. N. Pop. 2,622.
Espalmadora, small isl. in the Mediterranean,
a little N. of Formentera. Lon. 1. 22. E. Lat.
38. 47. N.
Espamiscack, lake, Lower Canada; 220 NE.
Quebec. Lon. 68. W. Lat. 50. N.
Esparragosa, t. Spain, in Estramadura; 35
ESE. Merida.
Esparraguera, t. Spain, Catalonia ; 15 NNW.
Barcelona. Esparlil, small isl. in the Mediterranean, a
little N. of Formentera. Lon. 1. 25. E. Lat 38.
48..N. Esparza, X. Spain, in Navarre; 22 E. Pam
plona. Esparza, X. Guatimala, in Costa-Rica ; 50 SW.
Carthagena. Espeja, X. Spain, in Cordova ; 17 NNE. Mon-
tilla. Pop. 4,640.
Espelette, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 9
S. Bayonne Pop. 1,417.
Espera, X. Spain, in Seville ; 8 N. Arcos.
Espera, l. Lower Siam, which runs into the
Indian sea, Lon. 98. 27. E. Lat. 9. 21. N.
Esperance, p-v. in Schoharie, N. Y. ; 8 N.
Schoharie, 26 W. Albany, W. 384. It is situat
ed on the Schoharie, and contains a paper mill,
and other valuable mills. w
Esperaza, X. France, in Aude; 7 S. Limoux.
Espesel, X. France, in Aude ; 7 SW. Quillan.
Espierre, X. Savoy, on the Arc ; 4 S. Argentina.
Espiers, X. Neth., in Hainaut ; 8 N. Tournay.
On the 22d of May, 1794, a large army of the
French attacked the English and Austrians in
this town ; and after an obstinate engagement
were repulsed, losing 12,000 men killed and
wounded, 500 prisoners, and 7 pieces of cannon.
Espinar, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 18 SSW.
Segovia. Espinhal, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 18 SE. Co
imbra. Espinillo Point, X. Buenos Ayres, at a little
distance from the Parana ; 60 N. Buenos Ayres.
Espinosa, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 44 SW.
Toledo. Espinosa, city, New Grenada, on the skirt of
the mountains of Bogota. It was destroyed by
the Jiraras Indians, in 1679.
Espinosa de los Monteros, X. Spain, in Old
Castile ; 30 W. Burgos. Pop. 2,000.
Espiritu Santo, the largest and most westerly
ofthe New Hebrides islands, in the S. Pacific
ocean ; about 37 miles in length, and 30 in
breadth. Lon. 167. E. Lat. 15. S. •
Espiritu Santo, X. Cuba, on S. coast; 55 SW.
Bayamo. Lon. 77. 30. W. Lat 20. 2. N.

ESS

565

ESS

Espiritu Santo, X. Peru ; 60 WNW. Potosi.
Espiritu Santo, see Spiritu Santo.
Esplessiers, X. France, in Somme ; 12 SW.
Amiens. Espondeillan, X. France, in Herault ; 7 N. Be-
ziers. Esposenda, t. Spain, Galicia ; 12 SW. Orense.
Esposenda, s-p. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-
Minho, at the mouth of the Cavado, with a
harbour for small vessels ; 22 N. Oporto. Lon.
8. 24. W. Lat. 41. 32. N. Pop. 1,500.
Espronseda, X. Spain, in Navarre; 11 WSW.
Estella. Esquerdes,X. France, in Straits-of-Calais; 3
S. St Omer.
Esqueyra, see Esgueyra.
Esquillado, (L',) small isl. in the Mediterra
nean, near the coast of France. Lon. 6. 36. E.
Lat 43. 3. N.
Esquimaux, Indians, in N. A. extending from
the coast of Labrador to Mackenzie's river.
No. 5,000. They are a barbarous and ferocious
nation. Those capable of bearing arms are
computed at 3,000.
Esquind de la Guardia, X. Buenos Ayres ; 230
NNW. Buenos Ayres. It has a fort, garrisoned
by an officer and company of soldiers, to keep
the Indians in awe.
Esquina de Medrano, X. S. A. in Buenos-Ayres;
380 NNW. Buenos-Ayres.
Esreh, (an. Syriane,) X. Syria ; 60 SE. Aleppo.
Essaoie, X. Egypt ; 3 SSE. Achmim.
Essars, (Les,) X. France, in Vendee ; 9 NE.
La Roche sur Yon. Pop. 2,089.
Essarls, (Les,) X. France, iri Seine-and-Oise ;
10 NW. Dourdan.
Esse, t. Finland; 11 ESE. Jacobstadt
Esseck, see Eszeck.
Essel, or Ehstel, X. Hanover, in Verden ; 2
N. Verden. Pop. 238.
Esselbach, X. Bavaria ; 8 NNE. Aichstadt.
Essen, t. Hanover, in Osnabruck ; 15 NE. Os
nabruck. Essen, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Dussel
dorf, capital of a circle ; 12 E. Duisburg, 16
NNE. Dusseldorf. Lon. 6. 57. E. Lat. 51. 23. N.
Pop. 4,267. H. 737. It contains 2 Catholic
churches, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Calvinist, and a
gymnasium. It is large, and enjoys a good
trade, with a manufacture of cloth ; that of arms
has declined. Here was formerly a famous
abbey for females.
Essenbeck, X. Denmark, in Jutland ; 4 miles
from Randers.
Essenberg, X. Pru. Meurs ; 3 E. Meurs.
Esseneux, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, on the
Ourthe ; 9 SE. Liege.
Esseno, X. Africa, and capital of a marquisate,
in Congo, on the river Zaire. Lat. 3. 40. S.
Essens, X. Han., E. Friesland ; 20 NNE. Em
den. Lon. 7. 30. E. Lat. 53. 36. N. Pop. 1,590.
Essequibo, r. Guiana, which flows into the
Atlantic, Lon. 58. 30. W. Lat. 7. N. It is 20
miles wide at its mouth, but difficult of naviga
tion, on account of the sand banks which run
in different directions across its entrance. It
contains a number of islands. The influence
of the tide is felt about 100 miles up the river.
Essequibo, a settlement on the bqrders ofthe
above river, originally belonging to the Dutch

but after having several times changed posses
sors, was finally ceded to Great Britain in 1814.
The settlement is flourishing ; the countiy Well
cultivated, and extremely fertile, producing
coffee, cotton, cocoa, and sugar.
Essera, r. Spain, which runs into the Cinca,
in Aragon.
Esserum, t. Denmark, in Zealand ; 6 W. Hel-
singoer. Essex, co. NE. part of Vt., bounded N. by
Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Cale
donia co., and W. by Orleans co. Pop. 3,087.
Chief town, Guildhall.
Essex, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt., on N. side of
Onion river; 11 E. Burlington. W. 506. Pop.
1,089. Essex, co. NE. part of Mass., bounded N. by
New Hampshire, E. and SE. by the Atlantic,
and W. and SW. by Middlesex co. Pop. in
1810, 71,88S; in 1820, 74,655. Chief towns,
Salem and Newburyport. Ipswich, Marblehead,
Beverly, Lynn, Danvers, Gloucester, Newbury,
Haverhill, and Andover are all considerable
towns. Essex, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct. ; 43 S. Hartford,
W. 343.
Essex, co. NY., bounded N. by Franklin and
Clinton cos., E. by lake Champlain, S. by Wash
ington and Warren cos., and W. by Hamilton
and Franklin cos. Pop. in 1810, 9,477 ; in 1820,
12,812. Chief town, Elizabethtown.
Essex, p-t. Essex co. N. Y., on W. shore of
lake Champlain : 14 SW. Burlington, 16 from
Elizabethtown, W. 482. Pop. 1,225. There is
a flourishing village on the lake in this town
ship, which has considerable trade. The celeb
rated Split Rock is in this township, 5 S. of the
village. It projects 50 yards into lake Cham
plain; the point, consisting of about ^ an acre,
and covered with trees, is separated from the
main rock about 20 feet. The height of the
rock, on each side of the opening, is about 20
feet. It appears to have been separated by
some great convulsion, and is esteemed a great
curiosity. Essex, co. N. J., bounded N. by Bergen co.,
E. by Bergen co. and Newark bay, S. by Mid
dlesex co., and W. by Somerset and Morris cos
Pop. in 1810, 25,984 ; in 1820, 30,793. Chief
towns, Newark and Elizabethtown.
Essex, co. Va., bounded N. and NE. by the
Rappahannock, SE. by Middlesex co., SW. by
King and Queen co., and W. by Caroline co
Pop. in 1810, 9,376; slaves, 5,659. Pop. in
1S20, 9,909. Chief town, Tappahannock.
Essex, co. Eng., bounded N. by Cambridge
shire and Suffolk, E. by the sea, S. by Kent,
from which it is separated by the river Thames'
and W. by Hertfordshire and Middlesex ; from
E to W. it is rather more than 60 miles, and
from S. to N, about 50. Sq. m. 1,473 p0n
252,473. Families, 51,443 ; 28,517 engaged in
agriculture ; 14,182 in trade and manufactures ¦
8,944 otherwise. It is divided into 19 hundreds'
in which are 26 towns and 403 parishes. The
principal productions are wheat, barley oats
beans, peas, flax, hemp, coriander seed, caraway
seed, potatoes, teazles for the woollen manu
factures, rape, mustard, and cole seed The
chief towns are Colchester, Harwich, and
Maldon. '

EST

566

EST

Essex Valley Mountains, mountains, Jamaica ;
19 SSE. Lacovia.
Essey, X. France, in Orne; 9 NE. Allencon
Pop. 721.
Essina; see Brava.
Essing, X. Bavaria, on the Altmuhl ; 5 NW.
Kelheim, 18 NE. Ingoldstadt.
Esslarn, X. Bavaria ; 23 E. Amberg.
Esslingen, t.Wurtemberg, on an island formed
by the Neckar ; 6 ESE. Stuttgart, 34 NW. Ulm.
Lon. 9. 23. E. Lat. 48. 45. N. Pop. 5,323. H.
1,000. It contains 5 churches and a pedago-
gium. The environs produce excellent wine,
called Neckaralden.
Esslingen, X. Switz., Zurich ; 9 SE. Zurich.
Essommes, t. France, in Aisne, on the Marne ;
3 SW. Chateau Thierry. H. 300.
Essones, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 15 S.
Paris. Pop. 1,500.
Essone, r. France, formed by the union ofthe
Juine and Estampes, which runs into the Seine,
near Corbeil.
Essouan, see Syene.
Essoyes, X. France, in Aube ; 8 E. Bar sur
Seine. Pop. 1,424.
Estachar, or Estakar, or Islachar, X. Persia, in
Chusistan ; 30 NNE. Schiras, 160 SSE. Ispahan.
Lon. 53. 40. E. Lat. 30. 5. N. Near it are the
ruins of ancient Persepolis. These ruins are on
a plain, 6 miles in breadth, and 105 in length,
from NW. to SE. It is usually called Murdasjo,
and the inhabitants pretend that it included 880
villages. The soil is chiefly converted into ara
ble land, and watered by a great number of ri
vulets. According to Le Bruyn, no traces of
the city now remain ; the magnificent ruins
which he saw in the year 1704, and of which
he has given a description, with many plates,
are those ofthe royal palace ofthe ancient kings
of Persia, which the Persians call Chilminar, or
Chalmenaer, which signifies forty columns. A-
mong other ruins are those of a tomb, supposed
to be the tomb of Darius.
. Estafflichen, X. Poland ; 14 NE. Kalisch.
Eslafort, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne; 9
S. Agen. Pop. 2,555.
Eslagel, t. France, in Eastern-Pyrenees ; 10
NW. Perpignan. Pop. 1,313.
Eslain, t. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Meuse ; 8 SE. Stenay, 10 ENE. Ver
dun. Pop. 2,300.
Estaing, X. France, in Aveiron ; 17 N. Rho-
dez. Pop. 918.
Estaires, X. France, in North, on the Lys ; 16
W. Lille. Pop. 5,754.
Estambolic, orlstambel Antir, X. Arabia, in the
sherriffat of Mecca, near the coast of the Red
Sea ; 180 NNW. Medina.
Estampes, or Etampes, X. France, principal
place of a district, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
river Juine, containing, 5 churches, and an hos
pital ; 6£ posts S. Paris. Lon. 2. 14. E Lat.
48. 26. N. Pop. 7.786.
Estampes, or Loet,r. France, which, united
with the Juine, forms the Essone.
Estancia, X. Buenos-Ayres ; 80 N. Santa Fe.
Estanforde, X. Flanders ; 12 SW. Ypres.
Estang, t. France, in Gers ; 8 N. Nogaro, 21
W. Condom.
Eslanzia del Rey, X. capital of Huilquilemu,
Chili, N. of the Biobio. Lat. 36. 45. S.

Eslapo, or Islapa, t. Mexico, in Tabasco ; 10
SW. Villa Hermosa.
Estarreja, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 18 S.Oporto.
Estavayer, or Itassis, t. Switz., in Friburg,
on the borders of the lake of Neufch&tel ;' 13
W. Friburg.
Este, (an. Ateste,) t. Aust. Italy, in Padua ; 11
SSW. Padua, 36 E. Mantua. -Pop. 6,000 This.
is a very ancient town, and it is surrounded
with walls. It gave the title of marquis and duke
to a noble family, which obtained the Duke
dom of Modena. It contains several churches.
Este, r. Ger. which rises in Luneburg, soon
after enters the duchy of Bremen, passes by
Buxtehude, fac, and runs into the Elbe, Smiles
below, Lon. 9. 38. E. Lat. 33. 56. N.
Eslebrugge, X. Han., in Bremen, on the Este,
5 miles below Buxtehorde. Pop. 552.
Esteca, or Talavera, X. S. -America, in Tucu
man, on the river Salado; 60S. Salta, 40 leagues,
NW. St. Jago. del Estero. It is situated on a
fertile and pleasant plain, and was formerly
populous, but was destroyed by an earthquake
in 1692.
Ested, X. Hungary, situated on a lake formed
in the river Krasna ; 25 NW. Zatmar, 36 E.
Tokay. Est ell a, X. Spain, in Navarre, on the Ega ; 17
SW. Pamplona, 155 NNE. Madrid. Lon. 2. 6.
W. Lat. 42. 39. N. Pop. 4,600. It is defend
ed by a castle, and contains 6 parish churches,
6 convents, and a hospital. A university was
founded here in 1566.
Estelmur, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 120
S. Cogni.
Estenaz, X. Natolia; 27 NNW. Satalia,
Estenide, see Efaem'de.
Eslepa, t. Spain, in Seville ; or, according to
some maps, in Grenada, celebrated for its olives
and oil ; 15 S. Ecija. Pop. 3,500. It is near
the site of the ancient Astapa, whose inhabit
ants took the horrid resolution of burning their
wives and children, and killing themselves, ra
ther than fall into the hands ofthe Romans.
Estepona, X. Spain, in Grenada, near the coast ;
20 WSW. Marbella. Pop. 2,5.00. The inhabi
tants are chiefly employed in fishing.
Eslerabad, see Asterabad.
Esleri, X. Finland ; 95 NE. Biorneborg.
Esternay, X. France, Marne ; 5 W. Sezanne.
Estero, r. Darien, which flows into the sea
near Cape Tiburon.
Estero del Rey, X. Chili ; 15 E. La Conception.
Estero del Pergatorio, small isl. in the Pacific
ocean, near the coast of Chili. Lat. 46. 30. S.
Esteros, (Los,) bay on W. coast of N. A., be
tween Punta del Esteros and mount Buchon.
Esther Island, isl. in Prince William's sound,
near W. coast of N: America, about 24 miles
in circ. Lon. 212. 30. E. Lat. 60. 50. N.
Esthertown, X. Dauphin co. Pa., on E. side of
the Susquehanna ; 7 NW. Harrisburg.
Esthonia, or government of Revel, pr. Russia,
adjacent to Livonia, and extending along the
south side of the gulf of Finland, divided into
4 circles, 1. Revel, 2. Wesenberg, 3. Wei6sen-T
stein, 4. Habsal. Pop. 224,000. Sq. m. 10,150.
Revel is the chief town. The land is badly
cultivated, and the habitations of the peasantry
are miserable cottages or hovels. Hemp, flax,
corn, and seeds are the principal productions.

ESZ

567

ETA

JBstissac,t. France, in Gironde; 15 NE. Bour
deaux. Pop. 1,255.
Estill, co. Ken. Pop. in 1810, 2,082; slaves,
' 133. Pop. in 1820, 3,607. Chief town, Irvine.
Estival, t. France, in Vosges ; 6 N. St. Diey.
Estivareilles, X. France, in Allier; 5 N. Mont-
lu?on. Estourmettes, X. France, North ; 4 E. Cambray.
Estouteville, X. France, in Lower Seine ; 12
N. Rouen.
Estreoupont, t. France, Aisne ; 12 E. Guise.
Estrechy, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 3 N.
Estampes ; 23 S. Paris. Pop. 900.
Estrie St. Dennis, X. France, in Oise ; 7 W.
Compiegne. •
Estrella, range of mountains, Portugal, in
Beira ; the highest summits of which are about
8,000 feet above the level of the sea. Near the
top is a lake surrounded by high rocks, from
which flows a number of brooks.
Estrella, r. Guatimala, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, Lat. 9. 4. N.
Estremadura, or Estramadura, pr. Spain,
bounded N. by Leon and Old Castile, E. by
New Castile, S. by Andalusia, and W. by Por
tugal ; about 90 miles each way. It formerly
made part of Portugal, but being separated
from that country, it is sometimes called Estra
madura of Castile. The country is mountain
ous, and the air in summer is exceedingly hot,
wholesome to the natives, but insupportable to
strangers. Spring water is scarce, and the in
habitants are compelled to use principally that
of ponds. The soil is fertile in grain, grapes,
and other fruits. Cattle and fine wool consti
tute their principal commerce. The principal
towns are Badajoz, Merida, Truxillo, Xerez de
los Caballeros, Ellerena, Coria, and Placentia.
Pop. in 1797, 428,393. Sq. m. 14,478.
Estremadura, pr. Portugal, bounded N. by
Beira, NE. by Beira, E. and SE. by Alentejo,
and W. by the Atlantic ocean ; 140 miles in
length from. N. to S. ; the breadth is very un
equal, in some places 70 miles, in othershardly
25. The soil is perhaps the most fertile in Por
tugal, producing corn, wine, olives, millet, or
anges, and other fruits, with legumes of every
sort. The principal towns are Lisbon, Leyria,
Thomar, Santarem, Abrantes, Setuval, Cascaes,
and Cintra. The principal rivers are the Tagus,
Zezere, and Caldao. P. 826,580. Sq. m. 10,354.
Estremera, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 27 SE.
Madrid. Estremoz, t. Portugal, in Alentejo; 24 W.
Elvas, 80 E. Lisbon. Lon. 7. 23. W. Lat. 38.
46. N. Pop. 6,570. It is one of the strongest
towns in the kingdom, being surrounded with
10 bastions. It contains 3 churches, 2 hospitals,
and 6 convents. It has a manufacture of beau
tiful earthen-ware, and in the neighbourhood
are quarries of beautiful marble.
Eslrepagny, t. France, in Eure ; 9 NE. Grand
Andelys. Pop. 1,200.
Eslrich, or Oestrich, X. Nassau, on the Rhine ;
14 W, Mentz. Pop. 1,600.
Estucua, X. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 58 W.
Mechoacan. Eszeck, X. Sclavonia, called by the Romans
Jlfoi-so, capital of the county of Verocz, on the
Drave, 2 miles above its influx into the Danube ;

48 WNW. Peter Wardein, 80 NW. , Belgrade.,.
Lon. 18. 34. E. Lat. 45. 36. N. Fop. 9,231. H.
760. It contains 3 Catholic churches, 1 Greek
church, a gymnasium, and has a fort with an
arsenal. It is remarkable for a wooden bridge,
which extended over the Drave and morasses,
eight miles in length, and was near 30 yards
broad. It was railed on each side, had watch-
towers at the distance of two furlongs from
each other, and occasionally stairs down to the
morasses. The houses are chiefly of wood, and
the fortifications not very strong.
Etables, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 7 N. St.
Brieuc. EtaA, t. Hind., in Oude ; 22 SW. Patiary.
Eldk, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 50 NNE.
Diarbekir. Etang de Biscarosse, lake, France, near the
Atlantic, in Landes. Lon. 1. 5, W. Lat. 44. 21. N.
Etang de Leon, lake, France, near the Atlan
tic, in Landes. Lon. 1. 15. W. Lat. 43. 54. N.
Etang de St. Julien, lake, France, near the
Atlantic, in Landes. Lon.l.ll.W. Latl4.4.N,
Etang de Soustons, lake, France, near the
Atlantic, in Landes. Lon. 1. 16.W. Lat. 43.56. N.
Etang de Canau, lake, France, near the At
lantic, in Gironde. Lon. 1.3. W. Lat. 44.58. N.
Etang de Canons, lake, France, near the At
lantic, in Gironde. Lon. 1. 3. W. Lat. 45. 8. N.
Etang de Cazau, lake, France, near the At
lantic, in Gironde. Lon. 1. 5.W. Lat.44.29.N.
Etang de Marseilettee, lake, France, near the
Atlantic, in Aube. Lon. 2. 39. W. Lat. 43. 14. N.
Etang de Grussan, bay, on the coast of
France, communicating with the Mediterra
nean, in Aude. Lon. 3. 9. E. Lat. 43. 5. N.
Etang de Leucate, bay on the coast of France,
communicating with the Mediterranean, in
Aude. Lon. 3. 6. E. Lat. 42. 51. N.
Etang de Palme, bay on the coast of France,
communicating with the Mediterranean, in
Aude. Lon. 3. 6. E. Lat. 42. 57. N.
Etang de Sigeon, bay on the coast of France,
communicating with the Mediterranean, in
Aude. Lon. 3. 5. E. Lat. 43. 5. N.
Etang de Maguelonne, bay on the coast of
France, communicating with the Mediterra
nean, in Herault. Lon. 3. 55. E. Lat. 43. 29. N.
Etang de Mauguio, bay on the coast of
France, communicating with the Mediterra
nean, in Herault Lon. 4. 7. E. Lat. 43. 34. N.
Etang de Perolsr bay on the coast of France,
communicating with the Mediterranean, in
Herault. Lon. 4. 2 E. Lat. 43. 32. N.
Etpng de Thaus, bay on the coast of France,
communicating with the Mediterranean, in He
rault. Lon. 3. 41. E. Lat. 43. 23. N.
Etang de Vendres, bay on the coast of France,
communicating with the Mediterranean, in
Herault. Lon. 3. 19. E. Lat. 43. 12. N.
Elangs, (Les,) X. France, in the Moselle ; 7
ENE. Metz:
Etaples, s-p. France, in Straits-of-Calais, sit
uated near the mouth of the Candies, in the
English channel, with a harbour for small ves
sels. The principal trade is fishing; 7 WNW.
Montreuil, 13 S. Boulogne. Lon. 1. 36. E. Lat
50. 32. N. Pop. 1,450.
Etarry, X. Hind., in Bahar; 34 SW. Arrah
Etasaggah, X. Hind, in Bahar; 35 SE. Bahar.

ETN

568

ETT

Elaveram, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 10 E.
Coilpetta. Etauliefs,X France, in Gironde ; 7 N. Blaye.
Etayah, or Etaweh, circar, Hind., in the su
bah of Agra, bounded N. by Rohilla ; E. by the
circar of Fatten, Canoge, and Corah, and SW.
by the Jumna. Etayah is the capital.
Etayah, X. Hind., and capital of a circar in
the subah of Agra, on NE. side of the Jumna ;
52 SE. Agra. Lon. 79. 7. E. Lat. 26. 45. N. It
was formerly the residence of a rajah, and a
place of much consequence. It still carries on
considerable trade.
Etchauk, X. Bengal ; 22 N. Ramgur.
Etelent, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 66
NNW. Bassora.
Eternoz, X. France. Doubs ; 7 !SE. Quingey.
Etherington's Bay, bay, on NE. coast of St.
Vincent, a little N. Chateau Belair Bay.
Etlingen, see Ettlingen.
Ethiopia, name which has been given to di
vers countries as well in Asia as Africa, for the
Greeks called all those people whose Skin was
black or tawny, Ethiopians. At present a great
part of Africa is comprehended under the name
of Ethiopia, which is divided into Upper and
Lower. Upper Ethiopia includes Nubia and
Abyssinia. In Lower Ethiopia are comprehend
ed all the kingdoms S. of the equinoctial line,
as Congo, Lower Guinea, Caffraria, Mocaranga,
fac. These countries are all spoken of under
their respective heads.
Etlingen, X. Baden, in Murg, capital of a dis
trict, on the Albe ; 6 SSW. Durlach, 28 SSW.
Heidelberg. Lon. 8. 27. E. Lat. 48.55.N. Pop.
3,029. H. 398. It has a castle, 3 churches, and
some manufactures. It is celebrated for the
lines which were drawn hence to the Rhine,
but were forced by marshal Berwick, in 1734,
In July, 1796, the French gained a victory over
the Austrians in the neighbourhood.
Etmaser, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 36 N. Chamir.
Etna, X. Penobscot co. Maine. Pop. 194.
Etna, or JElna, called by the people in its
vicinity Monte Gibello, volcanic mountain, Si
cily, in Val de Demona, celebrated from the
remotest antiquity for its magnitude and erup
tions. Its elevation above the sea is nearly
11,000 feet; according to Ferrara 10,942;
Shucksburg 10,954 ; Saussure 10,963. Brydone
and Buffon state it at 12,000. In a clear day it
may be distinctly seen from Valetta, the capi
tal of Malta, 150 miles distant. The distance
from Catania to the summit is 30 miles. The
number of eruptions on record, is 32, of which
not more than 10 issued from the highest cra
ter. The first recorded is mentioned by Dio-
dorus Siculus ; the second happened 783 be
fore Christ; the last of the 32 happened in
1811. Those of 1669 and 1755 were particu
larly destructive. That of 1669 was the most
formidable on record, and it is said that the
stream of lava in 40 days, destroyed the habi
tations of 27,000 persons. According to Recu-
pero, stones of immense size have sometimes
been thrown upwards 7,000 feet ; and they are
frequently thrown to the distance of 30 miles.
The circumference of its base is stated at 180
miles. From the base it rises like a pyramid to
the perpendicular height of 2 miles, by an ac

clivity nearly equal on all sides, forming with
the horizon an angle of about 15 degrees,
which becomes greater on approaching the sum
mit. The crater is upwards of 2 miles in circ,
and presents the appearance of an inverted
cone. The mountain contains an epitome of
the different climates throughout the globe,
presenting at once all the seasons of the year
and the varieties of produce. It is accordingly-
divided into 3 distinct zones or regions, which
may be distinguished as the torrid, temperate,
and frigid, but which are known by the names
ofthe cultivated region, the woody or tempe
rate region, and the frigid or desert region.
In ascending the mountain from Catania
about 15 miles are alotted for the first zone, or
cuttivated region. In this part, pasture, corn
fields, vineyards, and fruit trees of almost every
description, are extremely abundant ; and here
are said to be no less than 77 towns and vil
lages, and numerous monasteries ; and the pop
ulation spread over the surface is estimated at
100, or 120,000. In succeeding to the woody
or temperate region the scene changes ; instead
of suffocating heat, the air becomes mild and
fresh ; the surface and soil have great inequali
ty, covered with a variety of trees, but decreas
ing in size towards the upper zone. In the
woody region is a famous chesnut tree, which
according to Swinburne, is 196 feet in circ. In
the upper zone, vegetation entirely disappears,
and the surface presents a dreary expanse of
snow and ice. The upper part is steeper than
the rest, and may be called the cone of Etna ;
being in a right line, upwards of a mile in as
cent, and about £ mile in perpendicular height.
The summit presents a prospect of unrivalled
beauty and grandeur, embracing a wide extent
of sea and land.
Etoile, X. France, in Drome ; 9 NW. Crest.
Pop. 2,625.
Eton, X. Eng., in Bucks, separated from Wind
sor by the river Thames, over which is a bridge ;
22 NW. London. Pop. 2,279. It is celebrated
for its royal college, which was founded in the
19th year of Henry VI. and now consists of a
provost, 7 fellows, 2 schoolmasters, 2 conducts,
1 organist, 8 clerks, 70 king's scholars, from
300 to 350 independent scholars, 10 choristers,
besides inferior officers, fac. of the college. The
college library is large and excellent.
Etonda, X. Mocaumpour; 10 W. Mocaum
pour. Etowee, or High Tower, r. Georgia, in the
country of the Cherokees, which unites with
the Oostanaulee to form the Coosa.
Etowree, X. Bengal ; 45 NW. Ramgur.
Etrigny,X. France, in Saone-and-Loire ; 10
S. Chalons sur Saone.
Etris, t. Egypt ; 18 NW. Cairo.
Etraung, X. France, in North ; 3 S. Avesnes.
Etruria, see Tuscany.
Etruria, v. Eng., in Staffordshire, celebrated
for its extensive potteries ; 1J Newcastle under
Line, 20 N, Uttoxeter, 150 NNW. London.
Elsa, t. Egypt ; 18 S. Abu Girge.
Etsch, or Adige ; which see.
Etsed, X. Hungary ; 20 NW. Zatmar, 34 E.
Tokay. Lon. 21. 51. E. Lat. 48. 2. N.
Etsed, (Klein,) X. Hungary ; 2 N. Etsed.

EVE

569

EVO

Etfen, t. Neth., N. Brabant ; 8 WSW. Breda.
Pop. 3,900.
Ettenheim, X. Baden ; 15 N. Friburg, 19 SSE.
Strasburg. Pop. 3,029.
Ettenstatl, t. Bavaria ; 5 NE. Weissemburg.
Ellersburg, X. Weimar; 7 Weimar. Pop. 110.
Eltershausen,X. Bavaria; 3 N. Volckach. .
Ettlstorff, X. Austria ; 9 SW. Sonneberg.
Ettrick, r. Scot., in Selkirk co. which rises in
& parish ofthe same name, and after a winding
course of 30 miles, falls into the Tweed 3 miles
above Melrose. A few miles above the junc
tion it is joined by the Yarrow.
Eluend, mt Persia, Irak ; 60 SE. Hamadan.
Etymander, now Heermund.
Etzeri, X. Circassia, on the Subar; 100 N.
Colatis. Eu, s-p. France, in Lower Seine, situated on
the Bresle, near the coast of the English chan
nel ; 16 N. Dieppe ; 36 NNE. Rouen. Lon. 1.
29. E. Lat. 50. 3. N. Pop. 3,380.
Evangelists, four small islands at the W. ex
tremity of the straits of Magellan, near the
coast of S. A. ; three of them are low ; and the
other, at some distance from the rest, has the
the appearance of a hay stack. Lon. 75. 5. W.
Lat. 52. 45. S.
Evangelium Porlus, now Shabak.
Evanslmm, mEvansville, p-t. fa cap. Wythe co.
Va., on Ready creek ; 70 ENE. Abingdon, 240
WSW. Richmond, W. 340. It contains a court
bouse and a jail.
Evan's Island, small island, near the coast of
Maine. Lon. 67. 3. W. Lat 44. 31. N.
Evansburg, p-y. Crawford co. Pa. ; 332 Har
risburg, W. 320.
Evansville, p-v. Vanderburgh co. Indiana ;
209 Indianopolis, W. 741.
Evansville, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama, 142
Cahawba, W. 880.
Evaux, t. France, -and principal place of a
district, in Creuse ; 18 NNE. Aubusson, 26 E.
Gueret Lon. 2. 11. E. Lat. 46. lO N. Pop.
2,081. Near it is a mineral spring and baths.
Eubelstadt, t, Bav., on the Maine ; 3 S. Wurz
burg. Eubaa, now Negropont.
Euchendorf t. Bav. on the Vils ; 14 W. Vilz-
hofen. Euclid, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on S. shore
of lake Erie; « NE. Cleveland, 135 NW. Pitts
burg, W. -395. Pop. 809. It is a flourishing town,
and contains a Presbyterian meeting house.
Eudaimon, now Aden.
Evenclads, r. Eng., in Oxford, which runs into
the Isis, 5 W. Oxford.
Eueness, X. Norway ; 18 N. Drontheim.
Evengheim, X. Neth., East Flanders; 3 N.
Ghent. Pop. of the parish 6,988. Ship building
is carried on here.
Evenus, now Fidari.
Evening Island, small island in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 133. 17. W. Lat. 2. 46. N.
Everbode, X. Brabant ; 5 N. Diest
Evercreech, v. fa parish, Eng., in Somerset
shire; 114 WSW. London. Pop. 1,000.
Everdingen, X. Holland, in Guelderland; 3
W. Culemburg.
Eversberg, t.Fru. Westphalia, in Arensberg;
W. Brilon, 34 N. Cologne. Pop. 873.
Vol. I. 72

Evershot, X. Eng., in Dorset ; 10 NNW- Dor
chester, 129 W. London. Pop. 483.
Evesham, p-t. Burlington co. N. J.; 16 E.
Philadelphia, W. 151. Pop. of the township
3,977. Evesham, X. Eng., in Worcestershire ; 14 SE.
Worcester, 95 WNW. London. Lon. 1. 52. W-
Lat 52. 7. N, Pop. 3,068. It is situated near the
river Avon, which is here navigable for barges,
in a fertile vale, called The Vale of Evesham, or
The Vale of Worcester. It sends two members
to parliament, and has a well-supplied weekly
market on Monday. It has 3 churches, and
had formerly an abbey, of which small remains
are now visible. On 4th of August 1265, a re
markable battle was fought here, between Si
mon Montfort, carl of Leicester, and Prince
Edward, afterwards King Edward I.
Evest, r. Russia, which runs into the Dwina,
near Kreutzburg.
Eufra, X. South Finland ; 12 NNE. Abo.
Eugano, mts. Italy, between Padua and Este.
Mount Venda, the highest, is 1,800 feet above
the sea.
Eugeniusberg, hill, Hungary, on the Danube,
at the island of Tschepel, with a beautiful cas
tle built by prince Eugene of Savoy.
Eugmo, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 42. W. Lat. 63. 49. N.
Eughtgur, t. Hind., in Kitchwara ; 15 E. Ou-
gein. Eugubio, see Gubbio.
Evian, X. Savoy, on the coast of the lake of
Geneva, containing 2 parishes, and 2 convents ;
5 E. Tonon, 23 NE. Geneva. Lon. 6. 24. E.
Lat. 46. 25. N. Pop. 1,502. Near it are some
mineral waters. It was an ancient city of the
Nantuates. Eviratua, X. Brazil, on the river of Amazons;
36 W. Fort Rio Negro. Lat. 2. 50. S.
Evil's Creek, i. Maryland, which runs into
the Potomac, Lon. 78. 44. W. Lat. 39. 83. N.
Euksineh, X. Natolia ; 10 NE. Eregri.
Eulozus, see Karasu, and Choasp.
Eulalia, X. Porter co. Pa. Pop. 133.
Eulbach, or Eulenbach, t. Ger. ; 3NE. Erbach.
Eute, t. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 12 S. Prague.
Lon. 14. 31. E. Lat. 49. 55. N. Pop. 947.
Eulenberg, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 14 N. Ol
mutz. Pop. 318.
Eulenbirg, mt. Silesia, between the county
of Glatz and the circle of Reichenbach. It forms
a part of the Riesengebirg, and is 3,560 feet
high. Eulenburg, X. Pru. Merseburg, on an island,
in the Mulda, containing 3 churches ; 12 NE.
Leipsic, 36 WNW. Meissen. Lon. 12. 38. E.
Lat. 51. 27. N. Pop. 2,120. Beer constitutes
the principal article of trade.
Eume, r. Spain, which runs into the sea, near
Coruntia. Eummi Fareggi, or Omm Faredje, canal,
Egypt, cut from lake Menzaleh to the Mediter
ranean ; supposed to be the mouth of that an
cient canal called the Tanitic or Saitic branch
of the Nile.
Eunitak, place of East Greenland. Lon. 46
W. Lat. 61. 4i N.
Evoli, X. Naples, in Principato Citja ; 15 ESE.
Salerno.

EUR

570

EUR

Euanymus, now Lisca Bianca.
Evora, or Elvora, (an . Ebora, fa Liberalitas
Julia,) city, Portugal, and capital of Alentejo ;
65 E. Lisbon. Lon. 7. 42. W. Lat. 38. 30. N.
Pop. 11,903. Abp. see. It is situated on an
eminence; is badly built, , the streets narrow
and crooked. It contains a cathedral, 4 church
es, several hospitals, 22 convents or colleges,
and had formerly a university. Here are the
remains of a temple of Diana, of which there
are still 7 entire pillars standing, of the Cor
inthian order. The fortifications at present
are 12 bastions, and 2 half bastions.
Evoramonle, X. Portugal, in Alentejo, on a
rock ; 8 SW. Estremoz, 15 NE. Evora. Lon.
7. 31. W. Lat. 38. 42. N. Pop 800. In the
year 1663, a battle was fought near this place,
between the Spaniards and Portuguese, in
which the latter were victorious.
Evoria, X. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia; 24 N.
Lepanto. Evouls, small isl. in the S. Pacific ocean ; 15
S. from Terra del Fuego. Lon. 67. 36. W.
Lat. 55. 33. S.
Eupaloria, or Koslow, or Kaslov, t. Russia, in
Taurida, on W. coast of the Crimea ; 68 SW.
Perekop. Lon. 33. 14. E Lat. 45. 40. N. Pop.
4,348. It is surrounded by walls and towers,
but is not so populous as formerly. Though
the harbour is not good, yet the principal trade
of the Crimea in salt, corn, and leather passes
through this place.
Eupatoria, now Tchernikeh.
Eupen, or Oepen, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, in
Aix la Chapelle, on the Weze ; 4 ENE. Lim-
burg. Pop. 6,749. Here is a considerable man
ufacture of cloth. It formerly belonged to
Netherlands, but was given to Prussia in 1815.
Euphratensis, ancient country, N. part of Sy
ria ; W. of the Euphrates.
Euphrates, or Phrat, or Frat, one of the larg
est and most celebrated rivers of Asia, which
has its rise in the mountains of Armenia from
2 principal sources; one issuing from a mount
ain in the vicinity of Bajazid and Dradin, not
far from mount Ararat, the other from mount
ains around Erzerum. These two streams unite
near Palo. The general course of the river is
southeasterly. At Corna, 130 miles above its
mouth, it is joined by the Tigris. The united
stream, called the Shat ul Arab, flows into the
Persian gulf, 70 miles below Bassora. The
whole length is upwards of 1,500 miles. It is
nayigahle for ships of 500 tons to Bassora, and in
the driest season, for large boats to Shukaskac,
a day's sail above Corna. According to Kin-
neir the greatest increase of the Euphrates is
in January, when it rises 12 feet perpendicular.
Euphrates, r. Whida, on the slave coast.
Eura, X. Finland ; 17 NE. Abo.
Evra, X. Abyssinia ; 12 SE. Sire.
Evraaminna, t. Finland; 17 S. Biorneborg.
Evran, X. France, in North-Coasts; 4 S. Di-
nan, 21 ESE. Lamballe. Fop. 3,573.
Euran Islands, cluster of small islands, on E.
side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 22. 39. E.
Lat. 63. 54. N.
Eure, r. France, which rises near Pontgoin,
in Eure-and-Loir, passes by Courville, Char
tres, Maintenon, Louviers, fac, and joins the
Loire, a little below Pont de PArche.

Eure, dep. France, bounded N. by Lower
Seine, E. by Oise, S. by Eure-and-Loir and
Orne, and W. by CalvadOs ; it takes its name
from the river Eure, which crosses it. Pop.
421,481. Sq. m. 2,336. It is divided into 5
arrondissements, viz. Eyreux, the capital, Lou
viers, Bernay, Andelys, and Font Audemer.
Eure-and-Loir, dep. France, bounded NW.
by Eure, E. by Seine-and-Oise and Loiret, S.
by Cher-and-Loiret, W. by Orne and Sarte. It
takes its name from the rivers Loir and Eure,
which water it. Fop. 265,996; Only 3,000 Pro
testants. Sq. m. 2,343. It is divided into 4 ar
rondissements, viz. Chartres, the capital, No-
gent le Rotrou, Chateaudun, andDreux.
Evre, or Yevre, {an. Avara,) r. France, which
empties itself into the Cher by two streams,
one near Vierson, the other at Bourges.
Evrecy, X. France, in Calvados ; 7 SW. Caen.
Evregnies, X. Flanders ; 9 NNW. Tournay.
Evreux, (an. Mediolanum, fa Eburovices,) X.
France, and capital of Eure ; 6 posts S. Rouen,
12^ W.Paris. Lon. 1. 9.E. Lat. 48. 55. N. Pop.
9,283. H. 1,094. Bp. see. It contains a ca
thedral, 8 churches, and a college with a libra
ry. Its eommeree consists in woollen and linen
cloth, rice, grain, wine, and cider.
Evril, see Erbil.
Euripo, or Evripo, strait between the island
of Negropont and Livadia. Its greatest width
is 35 miles, and at the town of Negropont,
where it is crossed by a bridge, it is not much
more than 20 paces.
Evripo, see Negropont.
Evron, X. France, in Mayenne ; 12 SSE.
Mayenne, 15 ENE. Laval. Pop. 3,1 10.
Europa, E. province of ancient Thrace.
Europa Rocks, rocks in the straits of Mozam
bique. Lon. 40. 16. E. Lat. 21. 30. S.
EUROPE, the smallest but most improved of
the four quarters of the globe, bounded E. by
Asia, on all the other sides by the sea; between
Lat. 36. and 71. N. ; about 3,300 miles long
from the most western part of Portugal to the
Uralian mountains on the east, and 2,350 from
North Cape, in Lapland, to the southern ex
tremity of Greece. Sq. m. according to Has
sel, about 3,250,000.
Divisions. Europe includes the following
countries : — Lapland, Norway, Sweden, and
Russia, in the north ; Great Britain, France,
Netherlands, Denmark, Prussia, Poland, Ger
many, Switzerland, and Austria, with Hungary
in the middle ; Portugal, Spain, Italy, and
Turkey, in the south. — Europe contains 3 sove
reignties styled empires, Russia, Austria, and
Turkey ; 14 kingdoms, France, Great Britain,
Prussia, Spain, Netherlands, Naples, Sardinia,
Portugal, Bavaria, Sweden, Denmark, Wurtem
berg, Hanover, and Saxony; 3 republics,
Switzerland, Ionian islands, and St. Marino;
and a number of smaller states styled grand-
duchies, duchies, principalities, fac
Principal states. Pop.
Russia, in Europe, including Russian
Poland .... 40,000,000
Sweden and Norway . . 3,352,000
Denmark . . . 1,720,000
Netherlands .... 5,226,000
Great Britain and Ireland . 21,533,000

EUR.

571

EWA-

France Prussian monarchy
Bavaria ...
Wurtemberg Hanover ....
SaxonyGerman small states
Austrian dominions
Switzerland ....
Sardinian states
Naples, or the Two Sicilies
Popedom and smaller Italian states
Spain 
Portugal ....
Turkey 
Ionian republic

29,21,7^000 10,330,000 3,371,000 1,397,000
1,305,0001,233,000
5,200,000
28,000,000 1,700,000
4,000,000
5,052,000 4,500,000.
10,352,000 3,683,000 9,500,000 230,000

Total . . . . . 190,901,000
Inhabitants. The inhabitants of Europe, with
regard to their race or descent, are classed by
Hassel in the following proportions

1. Roman nations
French
Italians SpaniardsPortuguese Walachians

25,500,000 19,400,000 9,800,000
3,680,000 2,230,000

66,600,000

2. Teutonic or German nations

30,700,000 5,600,000
12,700,000 900,000 960,000
2,430,000
24,500,SOO 7,500,000 1,900,000 620,000
1,350,000
2,250,000 4,170,000 800,000

55,000,000

45,200,000

Germans
Dutch & Walloons
BritishDanes Norwegians Swedes
3. Sclavonian nations
Russians Poles
Lithuanians
Livonians, fac .
Wendish, fac.
Tschechen . .
Slavonians . .
Croats
Rasciansfa Serviansl, 420,000
Morlachians . 248,000
Bosnians, fac. . 190,000
4. Caledonians
5. Tartars 
Turks . . . 2,405,000
Bulgarians . 230,000
6. Maggarians . . . .
7. Greeks  2^022^000
8. Finish nations . . . 1,761,000
Finlanders . 1,275,000
Esthonians . 463,000
9. Kimrt or Lo\y Bretons . . 1,610,000
10. Jews  1,179,500
11. Basques . . . 622,000
12. Gipsies . . . 313,000
13. Arnauts . 294,000
14. Armenians . . . 131,600
15. Maltese .... 88,000
Religion. The number of the different reli
gions is stated by Hassel as follows :
Roman Catholics . . . 99,000,000
Protestants .... 41,900,000
Greek church . . 32,700,000

ChristiansMahometansJews

3,718,000 3,500,000

3,100,000

173,600,000 3,700,000 1,179,500

Military. The land forces of Europe, in time
.of peace, is estimated at 1,600,000 men; in
war, 3,600,000. The maritime forces: — ships
of the line, 409; ships of 50 guns, 33; frigates,
348; inferior vessels, 1,503.
Climate, fyc. Europe lies almost wholly
within the temperate zone, and enjoys a fa
vourable climate. It is indented in many parts
by the sea, and has generally a fertile soil,
producing abundantly the necessaries of life.
Seas and Gulfs. The principal seas are the
Mediterranean, Archipelago, Marmora, Black,
Azof, North, Baltic, and White. The gulfs and
bays are the bay of Biscay, the gulfs of Venice,
Bothnia, Finland, Riga, Genoa, and Lyons.
Lakes. The principal lakes are Ladoga,
Onega, Peipus, Wenner, Wetter, Malar, Gene
va, and Constance.
Rivers. The great rivers are the Volga, Dan
ube, Rhine, Dnieper; Dniester, Don, Vistula,
Elbe, Tagus, Douro, Loire, Rhone, Garonne,
and Po.
Islands. The principal islands are Britain
and Ireland in the Atlantic ; Sicily, Sardinia,
Corsica, Majorca, Minorca, Malta, Candia, and
Negropont in the Mediterranean ; Zealand, Fu
nen, Gothland, Aland, Bornholm, and Rugen,
in the Baltic ; Iceland, Nova Zembla, and
Spitzbergen. Mountains. The principal ranges of mount
ains are the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Car
pathian, Dofrefield, and Uralian mountains.
Eurotas, now Basili.
Eurville, X. France, in Upper Marne ; 5 SE.
St. Dizier.
Eurymedon, r. Pamphylia, which runs into
the Mediterranean.
Euscom, r. Canada, which runs into lake St.
Clair, Lon. 82. 25. W. Lat. 42. 45. N.
Eusdale, or Eysdale, small isl. on W. coast of
Scotland, noted for its quarries of slate. Lon.
5. 48. W. Lat. 56. 13. N.
Eushar, (an. Seleucia,) X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 24 E, Isbarteh.
Euskirchen, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in
Cologne ; 20 SE. Juliers. Pop. 1,254.
Eussenheim, or Eusheim, X. Bavaria ; 3 NW.
Volckach. Pop. 900.
Eustacia, see Massacre.
Eutaca, mt Egypt, near the Red sea ; 12 S.
Suez. Eulam, small isl. West-Indies, near E. coast
of. Porto Rico. Lon. 64. 41. W. Lat. 18. 18. N.
Eutaw Springs, small river, S. C, which runs
into the, Santee, about 25 8E. Orangeburg. —
Near its source a battle was fought, in 1781,
between the British under colonel Stuart, and
the Americans under general Greene, which
terminated the war in S. C.
Eutin, X. Ger., capital of a principality be
longing to the duchy of Oldenburg, formerly in
the bishopric of Lubec, situated by the side of
a lake ; 20 N. Lubec. Lon. 10. 32. E. Lat. 54.
10. N. Pop. 2,341. It has a modern palace,
with beautiful gardens. Pop. of the principal
ity, 19,800. Sq. m. 201.
Euxine, see Black Sea.
Euxton, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 4 W. Chor-
ley. Pop. 1,193.
Euzet, X. France, in Gard ; 9 WNW. Uzes.

EXE

572

¦EXP

Ewanict, see Eybenschitz.
Ewnno, t. Aust. Galicia ; 36 SE. Halicz.
Ewallingen, X. Baden ; 4 W. Blomberg. Pop.
1,100. Ewe, small isl. on W. coast of Scotland, at
the entrance of Loch Ewe. Lon. 5. 37. W. Lat
57. 53. N.
Ewell, X. Eng., in Surry,1 with a market on
Thursday; 2 NE. Epsom, 18 S. London. Pop.
1,135. Near this place Henry VIII began a
magnificent palace, called Nonsuch, which was
afterwards finished by the earl of Arundel.
Ewenny, r. Glamorganshire, which runs into
the Ogmore, 2 miles from the sea.
Ewes, or Eus, r. Scot., which joins the Esk,
at Langholm, in Dumfriesshire. The Valley
through which it passes is called Ewesdale.
Ewingville, p-v. Christian co. Ken. ; 106 SW.
Frankfort, W. 749.
Ex, or Exe, (an. Isca, fa Isaea,) r. Eng., which
rises in W. part of Somersetshire, passes by
Dulverton, Tiverton, Exeter, Topsham, fac,
and runs into the sea at Exmouth. This river
was formerly navigable to Exeter, till, in 1311,
-the earl of Devon, out of spite to the inhabit
ants, made wears and dams to obstruct the na
vigation ; since that time, vessels unload at
Topsham. Exaltacion, X. S. A. in Moxes ; 50 S. Trinidad.
Exdorf X. Ger.; 7 SE. Meinungen.
Exea, or Ecsa, (an. Setia,) X. Spain, in Ara
gon ; 25 NW. Saragossa. Lon. 1. 9. W. Lat.
42. 6. N. Pop. 2,400.
Exeter, r. N. H., which rises from a small
pond in Sandovvn, and pursues generally an
easterly course till it meets the tide at Exeter;
it afterwards pursues a northeasterly course,
and communicates with the Piscataqua through
Great bay. The Indian name from Exeter to the
entrance into the Piscataqua is Swamscot.
Exeter, (Indian name Swamscot,) p-t. Rocking
ham co N. H, ; 14SW.by W. Portsmouth, 15
NNW. Newburyport, 18 NNE. Haverhill, 40
SE. by E. Concord, 47 N. by E. Boston, W.
4S9. Pop. in 1810, 1,759; in 1820, 2,114. It
is pleasantly situated at the head of tide water
and of navigation on Exeter river, and is one
of the most considerable towns in the state,
and was formerly the seat of government. It
contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an acad
emy, a printing office, and 3 houses of public
worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Baptists. It is favorably situated for a manu
facturing town, and contains a woollen manu
factory, 2 cotton manufactories, a manufactory
of ordnance and small arms, a paper mill, 2 oil
mills, and many other valuable mills. It
has also extensive manufactures of saddles,
chaises, shoes, morocco, combs, tin ware, fac.
Phillips Exeter academy, in this town, was
founded by the Hon. John Phillips, LL.D. in
1781. It is one of the oldest, best endowed,
and most respectable institutions of the kind in
the United States. It has a principal, a profes
sor of mathematics and natural philosophy, an
assistant, about 80 students, a library of about
600 volumes, and a handsome philosophical
apparatus. The building is an elegant edifice,
76 feet by 36, 2 stories high. The institution
comprises two departments, one of languages,

and the other of English studies, and in each
department there are three classes. The de
partment of languages is designed chiefly for
those who are preparing for college : the Eng
lish department embraces an extensive course
of English education, in Arithmetic, English
grammar, mathematics, history, belles lettres,
natural and moral puilosopby, and astronomy.
Exeter, X. Penobscot co. Maine; 62 NW.
Castine, 264 NE. Boston. Pop. 582.
' Exeter, X. Washington co. R. I. ; 24 SW.
Providence. Pop. 2,581.
Exeter, p-tOtsego co. N.Y. ; 1 1 NW. Coopers-
town, 70 W. Albany, W. 395. Pop. 1,430.
Exeter, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. ; 10 N. Wilkes-
barre, W. 236. Pop. 820.
Exeter, X. Berks co. Pa., on N. side of the
Schuylkill, below Reading. Pop. 1,381.
Exeter, X. New-Hanover co. N. C., on NE.
branch of the Cape Fear river ; 37 N.Wilming
ton. Exeter, city, Eng., capital of Devonshire ; 78
SW. Bath, 78 SW. Bristol, 173 WSW. London.
Lon. 3.34. W. Lat. 50. 44. N. Pop. 18,896.
Bp. see. It is situated on the river Ex, about
10 miles from the English channel ; Ptolemy
calls Ulsca; and Antoninus Isca Danmoniorum:
the Saxons call it Exceancester, Exeaslers, or
Excesler. In modern Latinity, it is called Ex-
onia, whence the word Exon. It was surround
ed with walls, and had 6 gates, most of which
are pulled down. Besides the cathedral, which
is a magnificent pile of building, there are 18
other churches, a few chapels, and 5 large
meeting-houses. The other principal public
buildings are the guildhall and public hospital.
Exeter has considerable trade in coarse wool
len manufactures, though less than formerly ;
3 markets, on Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday ;
and sends 2 members to parliament The mild
ness of the climate and cheapness of provisions
have latterly induced many families to resort
to Exeter for health and the education of their
children. During the late war it became, in a
considerable degree, a substitute for the inter
dicted residences of Montpellier, Nice, and
Naples. Exideuil, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Dordogne ; 18 NE. Perigueux, 30 S.
Limoges. Pop. 807.
Exija, see Ecija.
Exilles, X. Piedmont, on the river Doria; 5
WSW. Susa. Pop. 1,398. This town is forti
fied, and guards one of the passes into Pied
mont. Exin, or Keyn, X. Pru., Posen, on the Netze ;
24 WSW. Bromberg. Pop. 1,311.
Exlunza, X. Spain, in Leon ; 5 SE. Leon.
Exmes, X. France, in Orne ; 9 E. Argenton.
Pop. 618.
Ezmoor, extensive forest, Eng., in W. part of
the county of Somerset.
Exmouth, s-p. Eng , on S. coast of Devon, at
the mouth of the river Ex ; 10 S. Exeter. Lon.
3. 25. W. Lat. 50. 29. N. Pop. 2,801.
Exoudon, t. France, in Two-Sevres ; 7 SE.
St. Maixent.
Exploits, (Bay of) bay of the Atlantic, on E.
coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 55. 20. W. Lat-.
49. 45. N.

EYL

573

EZD

Exferensfcein, or Egerctein, t Ger., in Lippe ;
1 S. Horn.
Exuma, a name applied to several of the Ba
hama islands. Great Exuma is 25 m. long and
3broad. Lon. 75. 40. W. Lat 23. 30. N. The
population of the Exumas, in 1803, amounted
to 1,253.
Exuma Sound, large channel among the Ba
hama islands, extending from NW. to SE. be
tween Cat island, or Guanahani to the E. and
a range of small islands and rocks to W. and
SW. The entrance is S. the island Eluthera.
Eyadi, r. Wurtemberg, which rises 4 S. Ebin-
gen, and runs into the Neckar, 3 miles above
Rothenburg. Eyafiord, bay on N. coast of Iceland. Lat. 65.
60. is.
Eybach, X. Bavaria ; 5 S. Nuremberg.
Eybelstadt, X. Bav. ; 3 SSE. Wurzburg.
Eybens, X. France, in Isere ; 3 S. Grenoble.
Eybenschuiz, or Ewanice, X. Moravia, Znaym ;
12 SW. Brunn, 20 NE. Znaym. Lon. 16. 17. E.
Lat. 49. 8. N. Eop. 2,649.
Eybenstock, or Eybenstadt, X. Saxony, in Erz
gebirg, on the Mulda ; 1,896 feet above the sea ;
7 SW. Schwartzenberg, 20 SSW. Chemnitz.
Lon. 12. 35. E. Lat. 50. 25. N. Pop. 3,142.
Eybergen, X. Neth., 3n Guelderland ; 2 ESE.
Nimeguen. Pop. 1,450.
Eychenfiies, X. Bav. ; 12 S. Gemunden.
Eyder, see Eider.
Eydy Engly, X. Hind., in Visiapour ; 14 S.
Galgala. Eye, X. Norway.; 36 S. Bergen.
Eye, X. Eng., in Suffolk ; a very ancient bo
rough, sending 2 members to parliament. It is
a corporation, and has a weekly market on Sat
urday ; 21 N. Ipswich, 90 NNE. London. Pop.
1,734. Eybergen, X. Holland, in Zutphen, on the
Borckel ; 5 E. Borckeloe.
Eyerdorf X. Bavaria ; 6 SSW. Kissingen.
Eyerheim, X. Bavaria ; 7 ESE. Schweinfurt.
Eyerlandt, isl. at the entrance into the Zuy
der Zee from the German ocean, N. of the
Texel, about 2J miles in length, and -J mile
wide ; joined to the island of Texel by a bank
of sand, and overflowed only at high water.
Eyeton, or Ayton, X. Scot, in Berwickshire,
on the river Eye ; 7 N. Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Eyferding, see Efferding.
Eygaliires, X. France, Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
12 E. Tarascon. Pop. 1,200.
Eyguel,x. France, which runs into the Sarre,
5 NE. Sar Alb.
Eyguiires, X. France, Mouths-of-the- Rhone ;
16 ESE. Tarascon. Pop. 2,925.
Eyla,.r. Saxony, which runs into the Wichra,
2 N. Bornea, in Meissen.
Eyla, t. Sicily, in the -valley of Mazara; 25
ESE. Palermo.
Eyland, r. Brandenburg, which runs into the
Oder, 2 S. Frankfort.
Eylanden, one of the smaller Japanese isl
ands. Lon. 139. 20. E. Lat. 34. 45. N.
Eylau, (Deutsch,) X. Prussia, in Marienwer
der; 42 ENE. Culm, 84 SSW. Konigsberg.
Lon. 19. 24. E. Lat 53. 30. N. Pop. 1,516.
Eylau, (Preusisch,) X. East Prussia, in Konigs-
burg ; 20 S. Konigsberg. Lon. 20. 42. E. Lat

54;20.N. Pop. 1,620. On the 7th and 8th of
Feb. 1807, a most bloody battle was fought
near this town between the French and the
Russians ; the accounts received from Peters
burg by Lord Howie, and pubished in an ex
traordinary Gazette, state the loss of the Rus
sians at more than 6,000, and that of the French
at more than 12,000 men; on the other hand,
the French claim the victory.
. Eyles's Island, small isl. in the Mergui- Archi
pelago, near S. coast of Sullivan's island. Lat.
10. 46. N.
Eyll, r. Ger., which runs into the Roer, near
Juliers. Eyme, X. Han., in Calenberg; 16 E. Hameln.
Eymel, X. France, in Dordogne; 12 S. Ber-
gerac. Pop. 1,341.
Eyemouth, s-p. Scot, on E. coast of Berwick,
at the mouth of the Eye, with a small harbour,
principally for fishing vessels. Lon. 2. 10. W.
Lat. 55. 53. N. Pop. 962.
Eymoutiers, X. France, in Upper Vienne, on
the Vienne ; with a considerable trade in skins,
leather, and rags ; 18 N. Limoges. Pop. 1,600.
Eymoutiers, X. France, in Dordogne ; 15 N.
Perigueux. Eynapoor, X. Hind., in Bejapore. Lon. 75. 10.
E. Lat. 16. 50. N. It belongs to the Mahrattas,
and had formerly manufactures of mirrors, spec
tacles, fac.
Eyndhoven, X. N .Brabant, on the Dommel ; 17
S. Bois le Due, 25 W. Venlo. Pop. 2,310.
Eynezat, t France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 5 E.
Riom. Eynon, r., Wales, which runs into the Dovie,
about 3 miles below Machynleth.
Eynsham, v. fa parish, Eng., in Oxford, atone
time a royal villa; 6 NW. Oxford. Pop. 1,418.
Eypel, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 3 SSE.
Trautenau. Eypoltan, X. Austria, on N. side of the Dan
ube ; 5 N. Vienna.
Eyragues, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone -
8 ENE. Tarascon. Pop. 2,389.
Eyri, or Iri, mt. Africa, between Fezzan and
Cashna. Eyrecourt, X. Ireland, Galway ; 34 E. Galway.
Eyron, r. S. Wales, which runs into Cardigan
bay, 12 S. Aberystwith. s
Eysach, v. Tyrolese, which runs into the
Adige, near Bolzano.
Eysdale, or Esdale, small isl. near W. coast of
Scotland, celebrated for its quarries of excel
lent slate ; 7 SE. from Mull. Lon 5 38 \v
Lat. 56. 18. N.
Eysenberg, X. Prussia, in Natangen-; 20 SSW.
Brandenburg. Eysol, X. Bavaria ; 4 N. Thalmessing.
Eyljou Hotun, X. Corea ; 380 E. Peking
Eywanouitz, X. Moravia, in Olmutz; 16 SW
Olmutz. Ezo, t. Piedmont, in Nice ; 4 E. Nice, 4 W
Monaco. Ezagen, X. Africa, in Fez ; 60 S. Tetuan
Ezawen, X. Africa, in Sahara; 70 NW. Tom
buctoo. Ezcaray, see Escaray.
. Ezdoud, t. Syria, on the site of the ancient
Azotus, or Ashdod; 10 N. Ascalon. It is famous
at present for its scorpions.

FAC

574

FAG

Esel, or Oesel, (an. Latris,) isl. belonging to
Russia, in the Baltic of a triangular form, about
70 miles long, and from 3 to 50 broad. In
the Esthonian language, it is called Kurre soar,
i. e. Crone /stand, and by the inhabitants Sore
ma, i. c. tAe Island. The air is moderate and
healthy; the soil, a mixture of sand, loam, and
clay; withgood management, produces, wheat,
rye, barley, and pulse. Here are some consid
erable quarries of lime-stone, and veined marble.
This island followed the fate of Livonia, and
fell with that province to Russia. Arensberg is
the only town, and is the chief place of a cir

cle in the government of Riga. Pop. including
the small islands of Moen and Runoe, 35,000.
Sq. m. 1,144. Lon. 22. 16. E. Lat. 58. 25. N.
Ezel, mt. Switz. ; 15 NE. Schweitz.
Ezetava, r. Russia, which runs into the Ob-
skaia gulf, Lon. 74. 14. E. Lat. 67. 50. N.
Ezetezula, t. Moldavia ; -5 S. Jassy.
Ezingi, t. Turkish Armenia; 30 N. Erzerum.
Eziongeber, see Accaba, and Dsjar.
Ezraville, see Malone.
Ezy, X. France, in Eure ; 15 SE. Evreux.
Ezzeium, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 8 N. Benisuef.

F.

FAC
FaABORG, s-p. Denmark, on S. coast of
Funen, situated in a flat but fertile country;
17 S. Odensee. Lon. 10. 16. E. Lat. 55. 6. N.
Fop. 1,100. The harbour is not good ; the
principal trade is in provisions.
Foas, t. Hind., Dowlatabad ; 5S. Amednagur.
Fabiane, r. N. America, which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 91. 47. W. Lat. 39. 31. N. ;
110 miles above the Missouri.
Fa&ius, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. ; 17 SE.
Onondaga, 126 W. Albany, W. 375. Pop. 2,494.
Fabomit Lake, lake, Canada. Lon. 88. 15. W.
Lat. 52. 28. N.
Fabra, X. Popedom ; 9 NNW. Orvieto.
Fabregaz,X. Spain, Catalonia; 13 W. Gerona.
Fabregues, X. France, Herault ; 5 SW. Mont
pellier. Fabresan, X. France, in Aude ; 5 NE. La
Grasse. Pop. 890.
Fabriano, X. Popedom, in Ancona, at the foot
of the Apennines ; 16 N. Nocera, 33 SW. An
cona. Pop. 4,000. It is celebrated for its excel
lent paper; it contains several rich monasteries,
and is called one of the four castles of Italy.
Fabrico, X. Italy, in Corregio ; 9 N. Corregio.
Fabristan, t. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 50 E.
Casbin. Facata, or Fucate, s-p. Japan, in the island of
Ximo; 27 WNW Traisero. Here the Jesuits
had formerly a considerable establishment, and
a church. Facalativa, X. New Grenada ; 4 leagues SW.
Santa Fe.
Facaul, X. A. Turkey, Caramania ; 63 NNW.
Cogni. Facelli, t. Naples, Lavora ; 18 NE. Capua.
FocA, see Vach.
Facile Harbour, harbour or port of New Zea
land, in Dusky bay, on W. coast of Resolution
island. Lon. 166. 18. E. Lat. 46. 40. S.

FAG
Fackcr See, lake, Carinthia; 3 SE. Villach.
Facusim, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 55 NE. Meaco.
Fadala, X. Fez; 28 SW. Salee.
Faden Hotwn, X. Corea, on the Oula; 460
ENE. Peking. Lon. 125. 44. E. Lat. 41. 3. N.
Fadla, t. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 180 NE. Mecca.
Fadoal, small isl, in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
132. 37. E. Lat. 5. 51. S.
Faechdt, r. France, which runs into the III,
near Guemar, in Upper Rhine.
FamOe, Famern, he. see FemBe, Femern, he.
Faenza, (an. Faventia, and Falentia,) X. Pope
dom, in Romagna; 20 SW. Ravenna. Lon. 11.
51. E. Lat. 44. 18. N. Pop. 12,468. Bp. see.
It contains a cathedral, 28 parish churches, and
20 convents. It is noted for its potteries, and
has some manufactures of linen. The cathedral
stands in the great square, and is adorned with
a handsome steeple, 5 stories high, with balus
trades. Near the church there stands a fountain,
the basin of which is supported by 4 fine lions
of brass, and surrounded with a wrought iron
rail. — Native, Torricelli.
Faoe, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, near N.
coast of Laland, about 12 miles in circ, with 2
or3 villages on it Lon.ll.20.E. Lat.54.42.N.
Fasula, now Fiesoli.
Fafaa, one of the small Friendly islands ; 4'
N. Observatory point, on the coast of Tongata-
boo. Fagagna, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 8 W. Udina.
Fagerhult, X. Sweden, in Smaland; 35 NW.
Calmar. Fagiano, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 6 ESE. Ta
rento. Pop. 1,000.
Fagloe, one ofthe Faroe island, in N. sea.
Fago, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 18 NW. Jaca.
Fagnano, X. Italy, in Amona; 10 S. Faenza.
Fagnano, v. Italy, in the Veronese ; 5 E. Man
tua.' In April 1799, a battle was fought near it,

FAI

575

FAI

between the Austrians and the French, in which
the former lost 2,600 killed and wounded ; the
loss of the latter amounted to 3,500 killed and
wounded, 3,000 prisoners, and 17 pieces of
cannon. Fahalfahara, t. Persia, in Mecran ; 100 NW.
Kidge. Faheu, one of the Carolina, or New Philip
pine islands, in the Pacific ocean.
Fahlun, t. Sweden, capital of Dalecarlia, or
Fahlun. Lon. 15. 34. E. Lat. 60. 35. N. Pop.
in 1815, 4,185. H. 1,135; 70 N. Stroemsholm,
100 NNW. Stockholm. It is situated in the
midst of rocks and hills, and between two large
lakes, near some celebrated copper mines,
whence the town is sometimes called Coppers-
berg. The streets cross each other at right an
gles ; the houses are of wood. The mines pro
duce, besides copper, ochre and vitriol, with a
little silver and gold ; but are less productive
than formerly.
Fahr, t. Bavaria ; 5 SSW. Gemunden.
Falirag, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 180 NE. Shiras.
Fahrland, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam ;
4 N. Potsdam.
Faid, or Feid, X. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 140 NE.
Hagiar. Lon. 40. 36. E. Lat 26. 54. N.
Faido, X. Switz., in Tesin, on the Tesin ; the
residence of a bailiff; 12 N. Bellinzona.
Faitdo, t Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes; 7 S.
Braganza. Failsworlh, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near Bol
ton ; 4 Manchester. Pop. 2,875.
Fair Foreland, or Vogel Hook, NW. point of
Prince Charles' island, in the Northern ocean.
Lat. 78. 52. N.
Faifo, or Haifa, or Hue, X. Cochin-China, sit
uated about 10 miles from the Chinese sea, on
a navigable river, which flows into the bay of
Turon. Lon. 108. 10. E. Lat. 15.50. N. It was
formerly a large place, the streets regular, the
houses of brick, with a great trade, and annual
fairs ; but it was destroyed during the late
troubles of the country, is now only regaining
its importance.
Foir Bluff, p-v. Columbus co. N. C. ; W.420.
Fair Vale, p-v. Washington co. N.Y. ; W.423.
Fair View, p-v. Erie co. Pa. ; W. 365.
Fair Island, see Fara.
Fair River, r. Canada, which runs from Wa-
pessaga, to lake St. John.
Fairao, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 36 S. Meaco.
Fairay, small isl. among the Orkneys, near
W. coast of Eday.
Fairfax, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine ; 25 NNE.
Augusta, W. 645. Pop. 1,204.
Fairfax, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 22 NNW.
Burlington, W. 516. Pop. 1,349.
Fairfax, co. N. part of Va., bounded N. and
E. by the Potomac, S. by Prince William co.,
and W. by Loudoun co. ; W. 16. Pop. in 1810,
13,111 ; slaves 5,942. Pop. in 1820, 11,404.
Chief town, Centreville.
Fairfax, p-t. fa cap. Culpeper co. Va. ; 40
WNW. Fredericksburg, W. 76. It is a pleasant
and handsome village, contains a court house,
a jail, a masonic hall, and 40 or 50 houses.
Fairfield, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the
Kennebeck ; 9 S. Norridgewock, 196 NNE.
Boston, W. 634. Pop. 1,609.

Fairfield, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 24 NNE:
Burlington, W. 526. Pop. 1,573. Here is an
academy. Fairfield, X. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 2,652.
Fairfield, co. Ct. ; bounded NE. by Litch
field co., SE. by Long Island sound, and W.by
New York. Pop. in 1810, 40,950; in 1820,
42,739. Chief towns, Fairfield and Danbury.
Fairfield, p-t. port of entry, and cap. FairfielcJ,
co. Ct.,on Long Island sound; 21 WSW. New
Haven, 54 ENE. New York, W. 282. Lon. 73.
39. W. Lat. 41. 11. N. Pop. 4,151. It is a large,
pleasant, and excellent agricultural township,
comprising 3 parishes, in each of which is a
Congregational meeting house ; and there are
also 3 others, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Bap
tists and 1 for Methodists. There are 3 har
bours, Black Rock, Mill river, and Saugatuck
harbours. Black Rock is one of the best in the
sound, having 19 feet water at the summer
tides. The shipping belonging to the district,
in 1816, amounted to 7,033 tons, employed in
the coasting trade. There are 4 villages, Fair
field, Greenfield Hill, Saugatuck, and Mill
River. Fairfield village is pleasantly situated,
and contains a court house, a jail, an academy,
and Congregational meeting house. Greenfield
Hill is celebrated for its beautiful situation, on
an elevation ; 3 N. of Long Island sound. It
contains a Congregational meeting house and
an academy.
Fairfield, (New,) t. Fairfield co. Ct. ; 7 N.
Danbury. Pop. 788.
Fairfield, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y., on N. side
of the Mohawk; 10 NE. Herkimer, 75 WNW.
Albany, W. 421. Pop. 2,610. Here is a flour
ishing academy, and connected with it there is
a respectable medical seminary, having 3 pro
fessors. The buildings consist of 2 edifices of
3 stories ; one of stone, 72 feet by 36 ; the
other 63 by 32 ; and 2 smaller buildings. They
are pleasantly situated near the centre of the
town, on a commanding eminence.
Fairfield, p-t. Adams co. Pa. ; 8 W. Gettys
burg, 38 WSW. York, W. 83.
Fairfield, X. Cumberland co. N. J. ; 25 E.
Salem. Pop. 1,869.
Fairfield, X. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 553.
Fairfield, t Westmoreland co.Pa. Pop. 2,652.
Fairfield, co. central part of Ohio. Pop.
16,633. Chief town, New Lancaster.
Fairfield, X. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 2,100.
Fairfield, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio ; 181 NE.
Columbus, W. 277. Pop. 1,287.
Fairfield, t. Licking co. Ohio, on a branch of
Licking Creek ; 4 N. Newark.
Fairfield, X. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,807.
Fairfield, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 342.
Fairfield, p-v. Green co. Ohio; 57 WSW.
Columbus, W. 474.
Fairfield, p-v. Franklin co. Indiana; 77Indi-
anopolis, W. 565.
Fairfield, p-v. Wayne co. Illinois ; 63 Vanda-
lia, W. 766.
Fairfield, p-t. fa cap. Jefferson co. Illinois.
Fairfield, p-v. Rockbridge co. Va. ; W. 191.
Fairfield, district, central part of S. C. Pop.
in 1810, 11,857; slaves 4,034. Pop. in 1820,
17,174. Chief town, Winnsborough.
Fairfield, p-v. Nelson co. Ken.; 10 miles
from Bairdstown, W. 605.

FAI

57G

FAL

Fairfield, b-v. Columbia co. Georgia, W. 617.
Fairfield, p-v. Putman co, Georgia; 30 Mil
ledgeville, W. 685.
Fairford, X. Eng., Gloucestershire ; 22 ESE.
Gloucester, 81 W. London. Pop. 1,444. It is
celebrated for the painted glass windows in the
church. It has a market on Thursday.
Fairhaven, p-t. Rutland co. Vt, on W. side of
Castleton, and bordering on New York; 9
NNE. Whitehall, 15 W. by N. Rutland, W. 436.
Pop. 674.
Fairhaven, p-t. Bristol co. Mass., on Buzzards
bay, and E. side of Accushnet river opposite to
New Bedford; 48 S. Boston, W. 438. Pop.
3,733. This town was formed from New Bed
ford in 1812. It contains 2 pleasant villages,
6 houses of public worship, and the inhabitants
have 5 or 6 ships employed in the whale fishery.
Fairhaven, v. Gallia co. Ohio, on the Ohio,
opposite the mouth of the Great Kenhawa ; 4
NE. Gallipolis.
Fairhaven, an. s-p. in SE. part of Crete
Fairhaven, bay, on NW. coast of Spitsbergen.
Lon. 10. E. Lat. 79. 50. N.
Fairhead, promontory, Ireland, on N. coast
ofthe county of Antrim. Lon. 6. 2. W. Lat. 55.
44. N. It is 631 feet above the level of the sea.
Here is a perpendicular cliff 283 feet high,
composed of huge basaltic columns, one of
which is of a quadrangular prismatic form, 200
feet in height, exceeding any other known.
Fairlee, p-t. Orange co. Vt, on the Connecti
cut opposite to Orford ; 15 SSW. Newbury, W.
499. There is a mountain near the meeting
house, 547 feet above Connecticut river at Or
ford bridge, and 1,051, above the sea. West
Fairlee lies on the west side of Fairlee. Pop. of
both 1,143.
Fairley, X. Scot, in Ayr; 11 NW. Irvine.
Fairley Rood, narrow strait of Scot, in the
frith of Clyde, between the islands of Eumora,
and the county of Ayr.
Fairness Sound, harbour on W. coast of Eday,
one of the Orkney islands.
Fairport, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio ; 250 N. Co
lumbus, W. 367.
Fairview, X. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,764.
Fairview, X. Guernsey co. Ohio; 20 E. Cam
bridge. Fairuyosand, X. Persia, in Segestan, on the
Heermund ; 20 SW. Bost
Fairweather Mountain, mt. on W. coast of N.
A. ; .100 SE. Admiralty bay. Lon. 137. W. Lat.
59. N. It is one of the principal summits of the
Cordillera of New Norfolk, rising according to
accurate observations, to the height of 14,900
feet above the level of the sea, and is covered
with perpetual snow.
Faisans, (Isle de,) Isle of Pheasants, or Isle of
Conference, small isl. in the river Bidassoa ; 2
miles from Fontarabia. It is celebrated for be
ing the place where the peace of the Pyrenees
was concluded, in the year 1669, between
France and Spain ; and for the interview be
tween the kings of France and Spain, on the
marriage of Louis XIV. The first name it re
ceived from the number of pheasants found
there, the last from the circumstance of the in
terview. Faium, see Fayoum.

Fakaul, t. A. Turkey, Caramania ; 4 N. Cogm.
Fakenham, X. Eng., in Norfolk, 6 miles from
the sea, with a market on Thursday ; 25 NW.
Norfolk, 110 NNE. London. Pop. 1,382.
Fakira, X. Japan, Ximo ; 15 S. Nangasaki.
Falcoeni, t. Walachia, on tho Danube; 21
NNE. Rassovat
Falaisef X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Calvados, on the Ante ; 18 S. Caen,
21 SW. Lisieux. Lon. 0. 7. W. Lat. 48. 55. N.
Pop. 14,000. H. 2,000. It has manufactures of
serges, linens, and lace. In the castle of Fa
laise; William; king of Scotland, was kept con
fined, who had been made prisoner by Ralph
de Glanville, in the reign of Henry II. Falaise
was the native place of William, the conqueror.
Falaise, t. Brabant ; 16 SE. Tirlemont.
Falari, t. Popedom, in the Patrimonio ; 10
NE. Sutri.
Falasjam, country; Africa, W. of Abyssinia.
Falaviers, X. France, Isere ; SW. Bourgoin.
Fakes, X. Spain, in Navarre, on the Arga; 5
W, Ofite.
Falckenberg, t. Holstein ; .7 WSW, Nordtorp.
Falckenburg, X. Bavaria; 20 ESE. Deux Ponts.
Falco, mt. Naples, Abruzzo Ultra ; 15 NNW.
Aquila. Falcon Islands, two or three small islands*
near the coast of Connecticut, in Long Island
sound. Lon. 72. 40. W. Lat 41. 10. N.
Falconara, fortress on S. coast of Sicily ; 6
E. Alicata.
Falconara, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 9 W.
Cosenza. Falconera, X. Italy, in Mirandola; 4 NE. Mi
randola. Lon. 24. 1. E. Lat. 36. 57. N.
Falconera, X. Italy ; 4 N. Mirandola.
Falconieri, small isl. in the Mediterranean,
near the coast of Sicily.
Falczi, or Faltschi, X. Moldavia, on the Pruth ;
32 ENE. Birlat
Fate, r. Eng., in Cornwall, which rises about-
5 SE. St. Columb Major, and runs into the sea,
at Falmouth.
Faleme, or Falemi, r. Africa, which runs into
the Senegal, 20 W. Gallam.
Falera, X. Switz., Grisons ; 4 NNE. Ilantz.
Falerium, see Monte Fiasione.
Faliga, X. Bavaria ; 5 SE. Hof .
Falin, r. Chinese Tartary, which runs into
the sea of Japan, Lon. 133. 16. E. Lat. 43. 5. N.
Falios, X. A. Turkey, on the. Black sea ; 24
W. Amasreh.
Falkenau, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 4 S. Grofkau.
Falkenau, or Falkenow, X. Bohemia, in Eln-
bogen, on the Egra; 12 NE. Egra,. 66 W.
Prague. Lon. 12. 37. E. Lat. 50. 9.N. Pop.
1,554. Here are manufactures, of atom, sul
phur, and vitriol.
Falkenaw, t. Prussia ; 22 SE. Marienwerder
Falkenow, X. Prussia ; 9 SW. Marienburg.
Falkenberg, X. Stiria ; 10 N. Oberwoltz.
Falkenberg, s-p. Sweden, in Halland, situat
ed at the mouth of the Athran, on the Scagge-
rac ; 52 N. Helsingborg. Lon. 12. 30. E. Lat.
56. 54. N. Pop. 659. The chief trade of the
inhabitants is fishing ; near it a battle was
fought between the Danes and the Swedes, in
the year 1365, in which the former were de-
I fcated.

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Fdlkeriberg, t. Ger., in Lippe ; 2 S. Horn.
Falkenberg, X. Saxony ; NW. Leibenwerda.
Falkenberg, t. Pru. Brandenburg; 7 ENE.
Furstenwald. Falkenberg, or Niemodlin, X. Pru. Silesia, in
Oppeln ; 14 W. Oppeln, 14 SSE. Brieg. Lon.
17. 22. E. Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop. 1,299.
Falkenberg, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Cosslin,
on the Drage ; 32 E. Stargard, 124 NE. Berlin.
Lon. 16. 0. E. Lat. 53 28. N. Pop. 1,565.
FalkenbuTg, see Fauquemont.
Falkenhagen, X. Pomerania; 5 S. Rumelsberg.
Falkenhagen, X. Pru. Brandenburg; 8 W.
Lebus, 40 E.Berlin. Lon.l4.30.E. Lat.52.25.N.
Falkenow, see Falkenau.
Falkenstein, X. Ger., in Upper Rhine ; 24 W.
Worms, 27 NE. Deux Ponts. Pop. 225. It is
the capital of a small county ofthe same name,
belonging to Austria, and containing 4,200 in
habitants. Falkenstein, X. Austria ; 10 SW, Zistersdorff.
Falkenstein, X. Austria ; 10 S. Aigen.
Falkenstein, or Valckenstein, X. Bavaria, on
the Inn ; 8 N. Kuffstein, 24 SW. Traunstein.
Falkenstein, X. Bavaria ; 15 N. Straubing.
Falkenstein, or Elleford, X. Saxony, in the
Vogtland ; 2 S. Aurbach. Fop. 1,660.
Falkenstein, v. fa castle, Switz., in Soleure ;
11 NNE. Soleure.
Falkenswaart, X. Neth., N. Brabant ; 7 S. Eind
hoven. Pop. 1,100.
Falkirk, X. Scot., in Stirling; 11- SE. Stirling,
25 W. Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 48. W. Lat. 56. 2.
E. Pop. 4,000; including the parish, 9,928.
It has a weekly market, and 3 fairs, the great
est in Scotland, exclusively for cattle, sheep,
and horses ; of the first, as many as 60,000 are
sometimes sold in a day. In the year 1298, a
battle was fought here between the English and
the Scots, in which the latter were defeated
with the loss of about 12,000 men, while that
of the English amounted scarcely to 100.
Falkland, t. & parish, Scot., in Fifeshire,
erected into a royal burgh, in 1458, by James
II ; 16 SE. Perth, 20 NNE. Edinburgh. Lon.
3. 12. W. Lat. 56. 15. N. Pop. 2,317. The chief
employment is the manufacture of brown and
white linen, and Silesias. It had formerly a
palace, which was rebuilt by James V., but is
now in ruins.
Falkland's Island, in S. Atlantic, E. of the
straits of Magellan. They have been called
Hawkin's Maiden Land, South Belgia, New Isl
ands of St. Lewis, fa Mallouines, but the name of
Falkland has generally prevailed. They con
sist of two large islands, with a great number of
smaller ones surrounding them. They are mount
ainous and boggy; the soil is barren, and the
climate inhospitable. Besides the names above
mentioned, they have also been called Pepy's
Islands, and Sebald de Wert's Islands. Lon. 56.
30. to 62. 16. W. Lat. 51. 6. to 52. 30. S.
Falkland's Sound, strait or bay, separating
the two largest of the Falkland islands.
Falkner's Island, S. of Guildford, Ct. Lon. 72
50. W. Lat. 41.15. N.
Falkoping, X. Sweden, in West Gothland; 56
E. Uddevalla. Lon. 13. 16. E. Lat. 58. 12. N.
Fop. 446. In the year 1388, a battle was fought
here between Albert king of Sweden, and Mar-
Vol. I. 73

garet queen of Denmark and Norway, when
the former was defeated.
Fatt, r. Scot., which rises in SW. part of
Perthshire, and runs into Loch Lomond.
Fall, r. R. I., which runs from Watuperpond
into Taunton river.
: Fatt, r. which rises in Vt, and runs into the
Connecticut, N. of Greenfield, Mass.
Fall Creek, p-v. in Groton, Tompkins co.
N. Y. ; 151 W. Albany, W. 389.
Fall Creek, r. Tompkins co. N.Y., which
rises in NE. part of the county, and after a
course of about 20 miles, flows into S. end of
Cayuga lake. It has remarkable falls, which
commence 3 miles above the lake, and the des
cent in the space of 1 J mile has been estimat
ed at 350 feet ; the last pitch is a cataract of 90
feet perpendicular. The view of the precipice
at the foot of the falls is wonderfully grand
and picturesque.
Fall Indians, Indians, N. A. Lon. about 113.
W. Lat. 51. 50. N. No. 2,500.
Fall River, p-v. Bristol co. Mass. ; 60 S. Bos
ton, W. 448.
Fallafajeea, one of the Friendly islands, in
S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 185. 16. E. Lat. 20. 30. S.
Fallatty, X. Abyssinia; 56 WNW. Gondar.
Fallen, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shan
non, 3 N. Lanesborough, in Longford.
Fallen City, or Old Jerusalem, a range of rocks
among the Virgin islands ; SW. of Virgin Gorda.
Fallern, t. Sweden, in Smaland, 3 miles from
Wexio ; noted for its mineral spring.
Fallerone,X. Popedom, Ancona; 14 W. Fermo.
Fallersleben,X. Hanover, in Luneburg, on the
Alter ; 27 SE. Zelle. Pop. 1,133.
Fallet, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 55 NW.
Hernosand. Falling Spring, rivulet, Va., which rises 20
SW. Warm spring, and flows into Jackson's
river. It has a fall of 200 feet perpiridicular,
and a person may walk dry between the sheet
of water and the rock.
Falling Waters, p-v. Berkley co. Va. ; W. 94.
Fallingbostel, t. Hanover, in Luneburg ; 14
NE. Rethem. Pop. 458.
Fallowfield, X. Washington co. Pa., on W.
side of the Monongahela ; about 25 SE. Wash
ington. Fop. 2,020.
Fallowfield, X. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 742.
Fallowfield, (East,) X. Chester co. Pa. P. 857.
Fallowfield, ( West,) X. Chester co. Pa. P. 864.
Falls, 1. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,112.
Falls, X. Bucks co. Pa., on the Delaware, op
posite Bordentown ; 28 NE. Philadelphia.
Pop. 1,880.
Falls, X. Hocking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,001.
Fallstown, p-v. Iredell co. N. C ; W. 416.
Falmouth, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine ; 5 NE.
Portland, W. 559. Pop. 1,673.
Falmouth, s-p. fa p-t. Barnstable co. Mass., on
Vineyard sound ; 19 SW. Barnstable, 72 S.
Boston, W. 490. Pop. 2,370.
Falmouth, p-t. fa cap. Pendleton co. Ken
tucky, on the Little Licking; 58 Frankfort,
W. 543. Pop. in 1810, 121.
Falmouth, p-t. Stafford co. Virginia, situated
on N. side of the Rappahannoc, opposite Fre
dericksburg, 1 mile distant; 56 SSW. Washing
ton. Lon. 77. 30. W. Lat. 38, 18. N. It has a

FAM

578

FAO

pleasant and, romantic situation at the foot of
the falls, is a wealthy village, and has consider
able trade.
Falmouth, s-p. Eng., in Cornwall ; 95 SW.
Exeter, 268 WSW. London. Lon. 5. 2. W.
Lat. 50. 8. N. Pop. 5,307. It is sitSated at the
mouth of the river Fale, at the entrance into
the English channel, with a good harbour, and
a road for shipping, supposed to be the best in
Great Britain, capable of receiving vessels of
any burthen ; guarded by two castles. A con
siderable pilchard fishery is carried on here;
but the town derives its chief importance from
being the regular station of the packet boats,
which carry foreign mails to all parts of the
world. Falmouth, X. Nova-Scotia; 25 NW. Halifax.
Falmouth, s-p. Antigua, situated on a large
bay, called Falmouth Harbour ; 7SE. St. John's.
Lon. 61. 28. W. Lat. 17. 9. N.
Falmouth, s-p. Jamaica, on N. coast. Lon.
77. 33. W. Lat. 18. 3,1. N. Pop. about 4,000.
Falmouth, small low isl. in the Chinese sea.
Lon. 112.12. E. Lat. 11. N.
Falmouth Harbour, port on S. coast of the
island of Ruatan.
Falonichi, or Filanixe, or Felaniche, t. on E.
of Majorca. Lon. 0. 14. W. Lat 39. 32. N.
Pop. 6,800. Here the monks of St. Augustine
have a handsome monastery.
Falour, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 50 ESE. Sultan-
pour. False Bay, bay, E. the Cape of Good Hope,
and W. Cape False, frequented by ships in NW.
winds. Lon. 18. 30. E. Lat. 34. 10. S.
Fotse Bay, bay on NW. coast of northern
most island of New Zealand. Lon. 185. 38.W.
Lat. 36. 33. S.
Fotse Island, isl. in the bay of Bengal, near
the coast of Ava. Lon. 94. 15. E. Lat. 18. N.
Fotse Point, see Cape False.
False River, one of the mouths of the Ava.
Falster, isl. Denmark, situated at the entrance
ofthe Baltic, S. of Zealand, from which it is
separated only by a narrow sea ; about 60 m.
in circumference, elevated, but flat, well water
ed and wooded, productive in grain, pulse, po
tatoes, and above all fruit, inasmuch that it is
styled the orchard of Denmark. The princi
pal towns are Nyekioping, and Stubbekioping.
Lon. 12.E. Lat. 54. 50. N. P. 16,500. Sq.m. 178.
Falsterbo, s-p. Sweden, ia Schonen, known
for a light-house and its herring fishery ; 22
SSW. Lund. Lon. 12. 30. E. Lat. 55. 23. N. ,
Pop. 181. *
Faluga, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
W. coast of Sardinia ; 12 S. Cape Argentera.
Faluga, t. Arabian Irak, on W. bank of the
Euphrates, whence an arm of that river issues
to join the Tigris ; 25 SE. Bagdad. ,
Falvaterra, X. Popedom, in Campagna; 15
SE. Frusinone.
Falun, see Fahlun.
Falun, r. Switz., which runs into the lake of
Neufchatel, nearYverdun.
Famagula, t. New Mexico ; 50 SSW. Cinaloa.
Famagusta, (an. Arsinoe,) s-p. Cyprus. Lon.
33. 30. E. Lat. 35. 10. N. Pop. 800. It is situ
ated on the eastern coast of the island, built on
a rock, and is 2 miles in circumference ; the

walls are thick, strongly built, and flat at top ;
they are surrounded by a deep ditch cut out of
the solid rock, and are flanked by 12 enormous
towers, the sides of which are 4 paces in thick
ness, and inclose a circle 5 paces in diameter.
In the interior there is a pharos, 3 bastions,
and a rampart, with a battery consisting of two
rows of cannon ; and also a citadel. It is the
residence of an aga and cadi, but is little else
than a heap of ruins. — After having belonged
for considerable time to the states of Italy, it
was besieged by the Turks in 1570, and surren
dered in 1571. The Turkish army consisted of
200,000 men, of which 75,000 perished during
the siege.
Fam-cham, X. China, of the third rank, in
Pe-tche-li ; 25 SW. Peking.
Fam-chan-pou Hotun, X. Asia, in Corea ; 612
ENE. Peking.
Famars, t. France, in North ; 3 S. Valen
ciennes. Famiah, or Famieh, X. Syria, anciently called
Apameah ; 90 N. Damascus. Lon. 36. 43. E.
Lat. 35. N. Here the Seleucidae established the
school and nursery of their cavalry, when they
fed 30,000 mares, 300 stallions, and 500 ele
phants. The soil will now hardly support a
few buffaloes and sheep.
Family Islands, cluster of small islands, near
NE. coast of New-Holland; 12 NW. Cape
Sandwich. Family Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 93.
20. W. Lat 52. 35. N.
Famine, or Famene, small countiy of the
Netherlands, in W. part of Luxemburg, on the
borders of the bishopric of Liege : the princi
pal towns are Marche and Roche.
Fam-tam-Hotun, X. Corea; 625 ENE. Peking.
Fan, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
tong; 17 NE. Po.
Fanaes, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
Africa, about 9 or 10 miles in circ, a little S. of
the Line.
Fanano, X. Italy ; 18 S. Modena.
Fanbyn, X. Sweden, in Angermanland, near
the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 19. E. tat. 63. 24. N.
Fanfoue, one of the Navigator's islands, in
the S. Pacific ocean, about 5 miles in circ
Lon. 170. 20. W. Lat. 14. 4. S.
Fang, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 40 S. Yucn-yang.
Fangoomba, X. Africa, in Kaarta. Lon. 7. 30,
W. Lat. 14. 15. N.
Fanjeaux, X. France, in Aude ; 8 SSE. Cas-
telnaudary ; 13 W. Carcassone. Lon. 2. 7. E.
Lat. 43. 11. N. Pop. 1,807.
Fanimboo, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 4. W.
Lat. 14. 40. N.
Fanki, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si ; 17 NE. Tai.
Fanna, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 7 NNE. Aviano.
Fannet, X. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,749.
Fannetsburg, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. ; W. 109.
Fanniesima, X. Japan, in Niphon; 100 NW.
Jedo, 155 NE. Meaco.
Fano, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 9 SSW.
Teramo. Fano, (an. Fanum Fortuna,) s-p. Popedom,
in Ancona, on the Adriatic ; 16 ENE. Urbino,
32 NW. Ancona. Lon. 12. 59. E. Lat. 43. 61.

FAQ

579

FAR

N. Pop. 7,445: Bp. see. It is surrounded with
a lofty wall of brick and ditches, with towers
at small distances, and bastions towards the
sea. It has several monasteries, and some beau
tiful churches. Here are the remains of a tri
umphal arch, erected in honour of Augustus,
who sent hither a colony, called Julia Fanestrit.
It was destroyed by Totila, and rebuilt by Beli-
sarius. Fono, (an. Othanus, Uphanus, fa Calypso,)
small rocky island, NW. of Cape Sidero, in
Corfu, to which island it belongs. Lon. 19. 32.
E. Lat. 39. 45. N. Pop. 500. It is very im
portant in affording the best possible view of
the navigation of the Adriatic. Not a sail can
pass, however near to Corfu or Albania, with
out being noticed from it.
Fanoe, or Fanoe, small isl. Denmark, in the
Little Belt, 2 S. Middelfahrt, in the island of
Funen. Lon. 9. 43. E. Lat. 55. 30. N.
Fanoe, small isl. Denmark, near the coast of
Sleswick, in the German ocean, about 15 miles
in circ, chiefly inhabited by fishermen. Lon.
8. 43. E. Lat. 55. 25. N. Pop. 2,300.
Fanpoten, X. on E. coast of Madagascar. Lon.
50. 40. E. Lat. 15. 45. N.
Fanshire, r. Madagascar, which runs into the
sea, 15 SW. Fort Dauphin.
Fantin, or Fantee, country, Africa, on the
Gold coast, which extends about 90 miles along
the shore of the Atlantic, and 70 inland. The
inhabitants are called Fantees, and are the
most numerous and powerful people situated
immediately on the Gold coast; but their
power has been almost entirely broken since
1811 by repeated invasions ofthe Ashantees.
Pop. estimated at 40,000. The soil is fertile,
producing fruits, maize, and palm-wine. Eu
ropean nations trade here for gold and slaves.
The Fantees are bold, cunning, and deceitful.
Their government is aristocratic ; their chief
is a supreme judge or governor, attended by a
council of old men. Each town has a chief.
The small towns are very numerous, and they
reckon about 4,000 fishermen on the coast. The
capital is of the same name, and is situated a-
bout 12 miles up the countiy. Lat. 5. 10. N.
Panu, small isl. in the Mediterranean"; 10
NW. Corfu.
Fan-Yuan, X. Corea; 23 ESE. Koang-tcheo.
Fanzara, X. Fez ; 15 S. Salee.
Foon, t. France, in Finisterre, on the bay of
Brest; 14 E. by S. Brest. Pop. 825.
Faou, (Le,) t. France, in Finisterre ; 9 S.
Landerneau, 13 N. Quimper.
Faoua, or Foua, or Fuah, X. Egypt, on W.
branch ofthe Nile ; 16 SE. Rosetta, 70 NNW.
Cairo. Lon. 31. E. Lat. 31. 10. N. It is sup
posed to be near the situation of the ancient
Naunalis. It was built by the Milesians, and
was formerly a seaport, though now 20 miles
from the sea. It rivalled Rosetta in commerce,
and was superior to it in wealth, so long as the
Canopic branch continued navigable ; but it is
now inferior, to it in size and population.
Faouet, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Morbihan ; 18 N. L'Orient, 30 NW.
Vannes. Lon. 3. 24. W. Lat. 48. 2. N. Pop.
2,606. Faquier, see Fauquier,

Fdra, or Fairay,, one of the smaller Orkney
islands, between Eda and Westra. Lon. 2. 43.
W. Lat. 59. 4. N.
Fara, one of the smaller Orkney islands ; 1
E. Hoy. Lon. 3. 1. W. Lat. 58. 43. N.
Fara, X. Arabia Felix ; 230 W, Cathem.
Fara, or Fair Island, isl. in the North sea,
about 3 miles long, and 2 broad, situated be
tween the Orkneys and the Shetland islands, 30
miles N. from the former, and 24 S. from the
latter, to which it is considered rather to be
long. There are 4 villages, and in the whole of
arable land about 75 acres. Pop. 220. Lon. 1.
47. W. Lat. 59. 29. N.
Farab, see Otrar.
Faradeese, (probably an. Aphrodisium, or Ve-
neria,) X. Africa, near E. coast of Tunis ; 12 W.
Hamam-et, 30 S. Tunis. The inhabitants, rather
more than a century ago, were the greatest
cruisers and most experienced mariners of -the-
countiy, though near 4 miles from the sea.
Faraha, X. Arabia, on S. coast of the Persian
gulf; 200 ESE. El Catif. Lon. 51. 30. E. Lat.
25. 7. N.
Farasheese, numerous tribe of Arabs inhabit
ing the district south of Tunis, particularly
about Spaitla and Fusana.
Faram, one of the smaller Shetland islands.
Lon. 1. 26. W, Lat. 60. 40. N.
Farama, (El,) X. Egypt, situated at the mouth
of what was anciently the Pelusiac branch of
the Nile, now in ruins ; 3 NE. Tineh.
Faranagur, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 36 S.
Amednagur. Farani, X. Ludamar; 30 NW. Benowm.
Faraoni, X. Moldavia ; 16 S. Bakeu.
Faran, valley, Arabia, which extends froip
the Red sea to Mount Sinai.
Farat, r. Nubia, which runs into the Red sea,
Lat. 21. 40. N. with good depth of water at its
mouth. Farbe, X. Holstein ; 4 WSW. Oldenburg.
Farea, X. New Grenada, in St. Martha, 4
leagues from Los Keys.
Fareham, s-p. Eng., in Hants, at NW. nook
of Portsmouth harbour, with a quay, at which
vessels of 200 tons can unload ; 12 SE. South
ampton, 74 SW. London. Lon. 1.10. W. Lat
50. 51. rf. Pop. 3,325. A considerable trade is
carried on in coals, corn, fac, and a manufac
ture of sacks and cordage ; bricks and tiles are
made here of a superior excellence. It has a
market on Tuesday. It is much resorted to in
summer for sea bathing.
Fardan, X. Persia, Segestan; 155 SSW. Zareng.
Farelains, X. Portugal, Entre-Duero-e-Minho ;
6 NE. Villa de Conde.
Farella, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lsn.
104. 27. E. Lat. 0. 48. S.
Farellon Sueio, small isl. in the Spanish Main,
near the coast of Darien. Lon. 79. 40. W. Lat.
9. 43. N.
Faremonlier, X. Franoe, in Seine-and-Marne ;
3 W. Coulomier, 27 E. Paris.
Farellones, rocks, in the N. Pacific ocean, in
two distinct dusters of 3 or 4 rocks in each,
lying in a SE. and NW. direction from eaeh
other. The highest rock of the N. group lies
14 SSW., the S. cluster lies 17 SSW. Punta de
los Reyes ; a third cluster, scarcely above wa
ter, lies 12 SSW. Punta de los Reyes.

FAR

580

FAR

Fareskur, X. Egypt, on E. branch of the Nile ;
7 S. Damietta.
Farfana, X. Spain, Catalonia ; 5 W. Balaguer.
Fargani, capital of a province of the same
name, in Zagatia, containing many towns, and
abounding in mineral productions.
Fargaum, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 36 S.
Amednagur. Fariah, t. fa pr. Balk, on the borders of Per
sia ; 90 W. Balk. Lon. 63. 40. E. Lat. 36. 18. N.
Farjan, X. Persia, Irak ; 75 SW. Hamadan.
Faribe, X. Africa, country of the Foulahs, on
the Ser.eg.al. Lon. 14- 34. W. Lat 16. 45. N.
Faridabad, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 18 S. Delhi.
Farigliani, small isl. near E. coast of Sicily.
Lon. 15. 15. E. Lat. 37. 35. N.
Farila, X. Sweden, in Helsingland; 39 N.
Hudwickswall. Farilhoens, two small islands in the Atlantic,
near the coast of Benguela. Lat. 12. 35. S.
Farim, X. Africa, and capital of a province or
kingdom of the same name, belonging to the
Papel? on the river St. Domingo. Lon. 14. 30.
W. Lat. 12. 10. N.
Farima, or Bansju, pr. Japan, on S. coast of
the island of Niphon, abounding in manufac
tures of silk, cloth, paper, fac.
Farinola, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra; 11
SSE. Teramo.
Fans, X. Persia, in Comis ; 30 SE. Bistam.
Farlee, X. Bengal ; 8 N. Rangamatty.
Farl.es, r. N. Wales, which runs into the Irish
s.ea, 4 W. Crickaeth.
Farley Mills, p-v. King and Queen co. Va. ;
W. 14S.
Farleysville, p-v. Charlotte co. Va, ; W. 233.
mFarlof,X. Sweden, in Schonen ; 6 N. Chris
tianstadt Farmer, p-v. Seneca co. N. Y., in Covert ;
196 W. Albany, W. 334.
Farmington, p-t. Kennebeck co. Me. ; 29
NNW. Augusta, 200 NNE. Boston, W. 649.
Pop. 1,938. It is a valuable agricultural town,
and contains an academy.
Farmington, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 20 NW.
Dover, W. 522. Pop. 1,716.
Farmington, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. ; 10 W,
Hartford, 30 N. New Haven, W. 334. Pop. in
1810, 2,748 ; in 1820, 3,042. It is watered by
Farmington river, and is a large, pleasant, and
one of the best agricultural towns in New Eng
land. It comprises 2 parishes, in each of which
is a post office; and in one of them is a com
pact settlement containing upwards of 100
houses, chiefly on one street, and most of them
handsome. Talcot mountain is in Farmington.
See talcot.
Farmington, (Indian name, Tunxis,) r. which
rises in Mass., flows with a winding course into
Connecticut, passes through Farmington, and
joins the Connecticut in Windsor. Salmon river
unites with it on the west side of Windsor ; just
below the junction it has a cataract of 150 feet ;
after which it is called Windsor river. Length
60 miles.
Farmington, p-t Ontario co. N. Y.; 9 NE.
Canandaigua, 207 W. Albany, W. 362. Pop. in
1810, 1,908; in 1820, 4,214. Clifton Springs,
fountains, which are strongly impregnated with
sulphur, are in Manchester, which has lately
been formed from Farmington.

Farmington, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio; 110
NE. Columbus, W. 320. Pop. 368.
Farmington, p-t. Jefferson co. Illinois ; 9 Van-
dalia, W. 810.
Farmoutien, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne ;
9N.Rosoy. Pop. 1,200.
Farmville, p-t. Prince Edward co. Va., on the
Appomatox ; 72 WSW. Richmond, W. 201.
Farn Islands, cluster, or rather two groups of
small islands and rocks, 17 in number, in the
German sea, near the English coast, opposite
Bamborough castle, in Northumberland. The
principal, called Farn, is about a mile in com
pass, and has a fort. Lon. 1." 44. W. Lat. 55.
29. N.
Farnbach, X. Ger.; 6 ESE. Salzungen.
Farnese, X. Popedom ; 6 NE. Castro.
Farnham, p-t. Richmond co. Va. ; W. 146.
Farnham, (an. Vindomis,) t. Eng., in Surry,
on the riyer Wey, granted by Ethel bald, a West
Saxon king, to the bishops of Winchester, who
have a seat or castle here, their summer resi
dence ; 27 NE. Winchester, 38 SW. London.
Lon. 0. 37. W. Lat. 51. 32. N. Pop. 2,911. It is
celebrated for its plantations of bops. It has a
large weekly market on Thursday.
FarnAam St. Genevieve, v. Eng., in Suffolk ;
3 S. Saxmundham. In 1173, the earl of Lei
cester was defeated here by Hugh Lacy, and
upwards of 10,000 of his followers killed.
Farni, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 4. 8. W.
Lat. 13. 40. N.
Farnley Tyas, X. Yorkshire, Eng., in the West
Riding ; 3 SSE. Huddersfield. Pop. 730.
Farnley, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, near Leeds.
Pop. 1,164.
Farnroda, X. Weimar, in Eisenach ; 3 ESE.
Eisenach. Pop. 450.
Farnworth, t. Eng., in Lancashire ; 3 SE.
Bolton. Pop. 1,798.
Faro, isl. Sweden, about 30 miles in circ,
separated from NE. part of the island of Goth
land, by a narrow channel. It is populous and
fertile. The principal town has the same name,
and is situated on SE. coast. Lon. 19. 12. E.
Lat. 57. 50. N.
Faro, s-p. Portugal, in Algarva, in the gulf of
Cadiz ; 20 SW. Tavira. Lon. 7. 52. W. Lat. 36.
59. N. Pop. 6,025. H. 927. Bp. see. It has the
greater part of the trade ofthe province, though
large ships cannot come up to the town, but
are obliged to discharge their cargoes in the
road. The most important article of exporta
tion is that of figs.
Faro, t. island of Siphanto. Lon. 24. 49. E.
Lat. 36. 58. N.
Faro of Messina, strait of the Mediterranean,
between Sicily and Calabria, about 5 miles
across, remarkable for the tide ebbing and flow
ing every 6 hours.
Farde, small isl. Denmark, near S. coast of
Zealand. Lon. 12. E. Lat. 54. 57. N.
Faroe Islands, islands in the North sea, be
longing to Denmark, under the same governor
with Iceland, about 170 leagues, S. Iceland, but
something more to the W. of Norway, and are
25 in number; though but 17 are inhabited.
The principal ones are Stromoe, Norderoe, As-
teroe, Suderoe, and Sandoe. They extend about
70 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. When

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the day is at its greatest length in these islands,
the sun rises at 7 minutes after two, and sets
53 minutes after nine. The summers and win
ters are very moderate in this climate ; and as
the latter are neither long nor severe, the cattle
feed here in the open air all the year round.
These islands are, indeed, so many solid rocks,
but the surface of them is covered with earth,
or mould, to the depth of two feet, and this
shallow soil is so fertile as to yield 20 for one.
The pastures are excellent, especially for sheep,
in the great flocks of which the wealth of the
inhabitants consists. There are 7 parishes, and
39 churches, under the diocess of Zealand.
Lat. 61. 15. to 62. 10. N. Sq. m. 500. Pop. in
1812, 5,209. -
Faronagur, X. Hind., in the subah of Delhi ;
35 WSW. Delhi. Lon. 77. 4. E. Lat. 28. 30. N.
Farout Head, or Far-out Head, cape, Scot,
on N. coast ofthe county of Sutherland ; 10 E.
Cape Wrath. Lon. 4. 58. W. Lat. 58. 40. N.
Faron, r. France, which runs into the Meuse,
2 miles below Viset.
Farquhar's Island, isl. in the Mergui Archi
pelago, of an oval form, about 8 miles in circ.
Lat. 11. 4. N.
Farquharsville, p-v. Frederick co. Maryland ;
W. 62.
Fair, small s-p. Scot., in Sutherland, on a
bay to which it gives name, in which is a good
salmon fishery ; 48 N. Dornoch.
Fan- Bay, bay of the North Sea, on N. coast
of Scotland, in the county of Sutherland. Lon.
4. 2. W. Lat. 58. 34. N.
Farra, t Japan, on S. coast of Niphon ; 40
S. Jedo. Lon. 139. 12. E. Lat. 36. 4. N.
Farree, t. Hind., in Allahabad ; 40 NW. Sai-
pour. Farree, see Feralv.
Farrenbach, r. Franconia, which runs into
the Rednitz, 2 below Furlh.
Farrenbach, X. Bavaria; 5 Langenzen.
Farrenbach Kirch, X. Bavaria ; 4 S. Langen
zen. ,
Farringdon, t. Eng., in Berks, situated on the
side of a hill, with a market on Tuesday; 17
NE. Oxford; 74 WNW. London. Lon. 1. 30.
W. Lat 51. 39. N. Pop. 1,843.
Farrowsville, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. ; W. 64.
Farso, (an. Pharsalia, or Pharsalus,) X. Eu.
Turkey, in Thessaly ; 10 S. Livadia, 18 SE.
Larissa. Pop. 5,000. Bp. see. Large quantities
of cotton are cultivated in the vicinity. The
town is partly in ruins. It lies adjacent to a
plain famous for a battle fought 48 B. C. be
tween Ca3sar and Pompey.
Farsa, X. Popedom, Sabina; 16 N. Tivoli.
Farshiut, or Furshout, X. Egypt ; 20 S. Girge.
This is a poor, ill-built, ruinous town, about a
mile in compass, the residence of a scheik, who
is governor of the country on the west, almost
to Syene. The environs are pleasant, and most
of the roads to the town planted with acacia
trees. - Here is a convent of Franciscans.
Farsidunga, X. Bengal ; 40 NW. Beyhar.
Farsistan, or Fars, (an. Persis,) pr. Persia,
bounded N. by a desert, which separates it
from Irak ; E. by Kerman, S. by the gulf of
Persia, W. by Chusistan ; about 420 miles long
from N. to S. and 360 from E. to W. Towards

the S. the air is very hot, and the land so san
dy, that it produces little else than palm-trees;
northward it is full of mountains, on which are
found the most beautiful, falcons in Persia, a
great number of wild swine, and wild cats.
The eastern part is the most populous and best
cultivated. Plenty of grain, the finest fruits, to
bacco, esteemed the best in the world, are pro
duced ; and the hills are covered with vine
yards. Chief town, Schiras; chief port, Bushire.
Farsley, X. Eng., in the west riding of York
shire. Pop. 1,094.
Fartach, or Fartak, or Farlaque, s-p. Arabia,
in Hadramaut, belonging to the scheik of Kes-
chim; 132 SE. Hadramaut, 480 E. Mocha.
Lon. 51. E. Lat. 15. 36. N.
Fariin, r. Ireland, in Kerry, which runs into
Valentiabay. Fartrey, r. Ireland, which runs into the Irish
sea, 9 N. Wicklow.
Faruganii, X. Egypt, on E. braneh of the
Nile ; 18 N. Cairo.
Farulho, see Scherbn.
Fasad, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 35 SSW. Za-
reng. Fasana, t. Istria ; 4 NNW. Pola. Pop. 500.
Fasiano, or Fasaro, X. Naples, in Bari ; 10 S.
Monopoli. Pop. 7,100.
Fasealdo, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 15
WSW. Basignano.
Fasikani, X. Japan, Niphon; 30 W. Xenday.
Fast Main, see Slude River.
Fastnel Rock, rock, in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Ireland ; 5 SSW. Cape Clear.
Fatagar, country, Africa, situated SE. of
Abyssinia, about Lon. 39. E. Lat. 9. N.
Fatatenda, X. Africa, in Woolly, on the river
Gambia, about 500 miles from its mouth ; 10 S.
Medina. Lon. 13. 8. W. Lat. 15. 20. N. Here
the English had a factory, but from the beha
viour of the king of Tomani, were compelled
to abandon it in the year 1734.
Fate, X. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,775.
Fatesc/i, X. Russia, in Kursk ; 30 NW. Kursk
Pop. 1,644.
Faliabad, X, Hind., in Agra ; 15 SSE. Agra.
Faliabad, X. Hind., in Hissar; 57 W. Hissar.
Fatieh, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates ¦
15 SW. Corna.
Fatisa, see Vatisa.
Fato, small isl. on E. side ofthe gulf of Both
nia. Lon. 22. 44. E. Lat. 63. 52. N.
Falsa, or Fatisa, see Vatisa.
Fatsisio, isl. Japan, about 80 miles from S.
coast of Niphon, whither the emperor banishes
the*grandees who have incurred his displeasure,
to be employed in making silk stuffs embroid
ered with gold ; the island is barren and almost
inaccessible. Lon. 140. 10. E. Lat. 33. 40. N.
Fallalagunge, X. Oude ; 20 SE. Sumbul.
Fattapour, t. Hind., in Oude ; 8 W. Kairabad.
Falteconda, X. Africa, capital of Bondou on
the Faleme. Lon. 10. 20. W. Lat. 14. 20. N.
Fattik, X. Africa, and capital of Joali. Lon
16. 48. E. Lat. 14. N.
Fattiko, X. Africa, in Jemarrow.
Fattipour, or Fatepour, X. Hind., in the subah
of Agra, more anciently Sikari, but changed its
name on being rebuilt by the emperor Acbar •
28 WSW. Agra. Lon. 78. 8. E. Lat. 27 10 N

FAV

582

FAY

It was once a magnificent city, but is now in a
state of decay.
Fatlipour, X. Hind., Oude ; 35 WSW. Luck
now. Fattipour, X. Hind., in Nagore ; 25 NW. Did-
wana. Fatlipour, X. Hind., in Babar, on the Gun
duck ; NNW. Patna.
Fatty Kan Durga, t. Hind., in Moultan ; 35
NNW. Moultan.
Favagnana, or Favognana, isl. in the Medi
terranean, about 17 miles in circ, near W.
coast of Sicily ; 9 W. by S. Trapani. This isl
and was anciently called ASgusa, or Capraria;
it has a convenient harbour, with good anchor
age. It belongs to the family of Patavicino,
and some years yields from the fisheries 80,000
livres. Lon. 12. 25. E. Lat. 38. N.
. Favani, (La,) r. Naples, which runs into the
sea, 9 SSE. Squillace.
Favara, river of Sicily, which runs into the
Mediterranean, about 5 S. Modica.
Favara, X. Africa, in Barca ; 30 ESE. Derne.
Favara, X. Sicily, in Noto, on a river of the
same name ; 10 W. Noto. Pop. 6,500.
Fararota, X. Sicily, Mazara ; 15 WNW. Pa
lermo. Faubaash, X. Egypt; 13 NW. Dendera.
Faucigny, or Fausdgny, (Barony of) pr. Sa
voy, bounded N. by the territory of Chablais,
E. by the Valais and the duchy of Aosta, and
S. and W. by the Genevois. It is divided into
Upper and Lower. The name is derived from
an ancient castle, situated near the Arve, about
3 N. Bonne Ville. The principal towns of Up
per Faucigny arc Salanche, Samoens, or Samo-
sng, Taninge, and Flumet; the principal towns
of Lower Faucigny are Cluse, Bonne, and
Bonne Ville. Pop. 52,521. Sq. m. 722.
Faucogney, X. France, in Upper Saone ; 7
ENE. Luxeuil, 9 N. Lure. Pop.' 917.
Fauconcourt, X. France, in Vosges; 4 NW.
Ramberviller. Faudoas, X+ France, in Gers ; 15 SE. Lec-
toure. Favelone, t. Naples, which runs into the sea,
4 miles from Squillace.
Favenlia, now Faenza.
Favemey, X. France, in Upper Saone ; 7 N.
Vesoul, 10 WNW. Luxeuil. Lon. 6. 11. E. Lat.
47. 46. N. Pop. 1,226.
Faverolle, X. France, Marne ; 12 W.Reims.
Faverolles, X. France, in C6te-d'Or; 12 E.
Chatillon sur Seine.
Faversham, see Feversham.
Faugelai, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile. Faughan, i. Ireland, which runs into the
Lough Foyle, 5 NNE. Londonderry.
Favida, isl. in the gulf of Georgia, near W.
coast of N. A. from which it is separated by a
ehannel, called Canal del'Nuestra Signora del
Rosario ; 30 miles in length from NW. to SE.
and from 2 to 5 in breadth. The NW. point is
named Point Marshal, and SE. Point Upwood.
Favieres, X. France, in Meurte ; 5 W. Vezc-
lize, 12 S. Tout
Favignana, see Favagnana.
Faulbach, X. Germany ; 3 W. Wertheim. Pop.
700.

Faulquemont, t. France, in Moselle, near the
river Nied ; 9 SE. Boulay, 16 E. Metz. Lon. 6.
40. E, Lat. 49. 3. N. Pop. 1,106.
Favorita, palace near the city of Mantua,
taken by the French in the beginning of May,
1796. Favourable Lake, lake, N. America* Lon. 92.
30. W. Lat. 52. 50. N.
Faup, one of the Carolina, or New Philip
pine islands, in the Pacific ocean.
Fauquemberg, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ;
11 SW. St. Omer. Pop. 1,300.
Fauquemont, or Valkenberg, or Falkenberg, X.
Neth., Limburg, on the Geule ; 12 W. Aix la
Chapelle, .16 NNE. Liege. Pop. 550.
Fauquier, co. NE. part Va. ; bounded N. by
Loudoun co., NE. by Prince William co., ESE.
by Stafford Co., SW. by Culpeper co., and NW.
by Frederick co. Pop. in 1810, 22,689 ; slaves
10,361. Pop. in 1820, 23,103. Chief town, War
renton. Faurano, X. Naples, Lavora ; 17 E. Naples.
Fautac, X. on E. coast of Madagascar. Lon.
47. 45. E, Lat. 24. S.
Fauville en Caux, X. France, in Lower Seine ;
10 N. Caudebec Pop. 1,097.
Fauxvilliers, X. Neth., Luxemburg; 24 NW.
Luxemburg. Pop. 1,000.
Fawcettslown, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio, on
the Ohio ; 5 miles below Pennsylvania line,
W. 287.
Fawn, X. York co. Pa., W. of the Susquehan
na. Pop. 803.
Fawn Grove, p-v. York co. Pa., W. 88.
Faxardo, isl. S. A. in the Orinoco, opposite
the mouth of the Caroni. Lat. 6. 23. N. It is
3,000 toises long, and 1,387 wide ; and is a
desert. Fay, X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 12 ESE.
Loudun, 13 S. Chinon.
Fay Billot, X. France, in Upper Marne ; 12
SE. Langres. Pop. 1,990.
Fay le Froid, X. France, in Upper Loire ; 15
ESE. Le Puy. Pop. 702:
Fayal, one ofthe Azore islands. Lon. 28. 41.
W. Lat. 38. 31. N. It is of a circular form,
about 10 miles in diameter, rising abruptly
from the sea, reaching in the centre to the
height of 3,000 feet. The climate is good, and
the air always mild and pure. The cold of win
ter is never felt, and the heat of summer is
tempered by refreshing winds. It produces
plenty of pasture for cattle ; birds are nuirier-
ous, and plenty of fish is caught on the coast.
The chief place is Villa Horta, or Orfa. , Pop.
16,295. Fayd, X. Syria, on the frontiers of Arabia De
serta ; 400 E. Damascus.
Faye, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 10 S .
Angers. Fay le Vineuse, X. France, Indre-and-Loire ;
3 SE. Richelieu.
Fayencc, X. France, in Var; 10 NE. Draguig-
nan. Pop. 2,638. It is celebrated for its man
ufacture of earthern ware.
Fayette, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine ; 20 W.
by N. Augusta, W. 631. Pop. 824.
Fayette, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. ; 6 E. Geneva,
18 N. Ovid, 188 W. Albany. Pop. 2,869. It lies
between Cayuga and Seneca lakes, and has

FAY

583,

FEE

9eTleca river on the north. It enjoys good ad
vantages of navigation, and is a considerable
town. A weekly newspaper is published here.
Fayette, co. SW. part of Pa. ; bounded N. by
Westmoreland co., E. by Somerset co., S. by
Maryland and Virginia, and W. by Greene co.
Pop. in 1810, 24,714 ; in 1820, 27,285. Chief
towns, Union and Brownsville.
Fayette, co. central part of Ken. Pop. in 1810,
21,370 ; slaves 7,664. Pop. in 1820, 23,250.
Chief town. Lexington.
Fayette, co. Indiana. Pop. 5,950. Chief town,
Connersville. Fayette, co. Illinois, watered by the Kaskas-
kia ; formed since 1820. Chief town, Vandalia.
Fayette, co. Ohio. Pop. 6,316. Chief town,
Washington. Fayette, X. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 436.
Fayetteville, p-v. in Manlius, Onondaga co.
N. Y. ; 136 W. Albany, W. 397.
Fayetteville, p-t. fa cap. Cumberland co. N.
C, on W. side of the NW. branch of Cape Fear
river; 60 S. Raleigh, 95 NW. Wilmington, 119
ESE. Salisbury, 158 NE. Columbia, 196 N. by
E. Charleston, W. 348. Lon. 97. 6. W. Lat. 34.
2. N. Pop: in 1800, 1,656; in 1820, 3,532. It is
the most commercial town in N. C, and has a
pleasant and advantageous situation, nearly a
mile from Cape Fear river. The Cape Fear
Company have lately cleared the river of logs
and sand shoals in order to render it naviga
ble for steam boats ; and have constructed a
canal from the river through the town, so that
boats may lie along by the side of the ware
houses. It contains a court house, a town
house, an academy, a masonic hall, 3 banks,
one of which is a branch of the U. S. bank, and
3 houses of public worship. Several of the pub
lic buildings are large and elegant The town
is regularly laid out, and the principal streets
are 100 feet wide. Two weekly newspapers
are published here. Great quantities of pro
duce, consisting of cotton, tobacco, flour, wheat,
flaxseed, corn, hemp, naval stores, fac. are col
lected here and conveyed in boats down the
river to Wilmington. The situation of the town
is healthful, and favourable for trade and man
ufactures. The land around is considerably
elevated, and the soil dry and barren, except
on the water courses, where it is rich.
Fayetteville, p-t. fa cap. Lincoln co. Ten., on
Elk river nearly 100 miles above its confluence
with the Tennessee ; 30 N. Huntsville, 80 S.by
E. Nashville, W. 748. Lat. 35. 15. N. It is a
flourishing town, and contains a court house, a
bank, an academy, and a meeting house.
Fayoro, t. Spain, in Aragon, at the conflux of
the Matarana, and the Ebro; 15 S. Fraga.
Fayoum, or Feium, pr. Egypt, situated on W.
side of the Nile, extending from the river to
the Burket el Kerun : formerly the province of
ArsinOe, and intersected by canals cut by the
ancient Egyptians, and then forming a commu
nication between the river and the lake. Fay
oum, formerly one of the wealthiest and most-
fertile provinces of Egypt, is much declined in
its fertility, through the oppression ofthe Turks ;
instead of flourishing cities, only mud-wall vil
lages are found. The grain most cultivated is
doura or durra. Other productions are wheat,

rye, barley, flax, cotton, dates, and sugar. Rose
bushes are extensively cultivated.
Fayoum, or Feium, X. Egypt, and capital of
the province so called ; 49 SSW. Cairo. Lon.
80. 39. E. Lat. 29. 27. N. It formerly contain
ed public baths, markets, and colleges; divided
by the canal of Joseph, and surrounded by gar
dens. At present it is only 1 J mile in circ, and
stands on the eastern shore of the canal. The-
remainder is destroyed, and the colleges are no
more. It has 60 looms for woollen, nearly as
many for cotton, and about 30 distilleries of
rose water. The houses, built of sun-dried.
bricks, are a gloomy assemblage of huts.
Fays, t. France, Upper-Marne ; 5 NW. 3om-,
ville. Fayston, t. Washington co. Vt. ; 22 W. by S.
Montpelier. Pop. 149.
Fazeley, X. Eng., in Warwickshire, near Tarn-
worth. Pop. 890.
Eazilpour, X. Hind., Guzerat; 12 N. Brodera.
Fazuclo, mountainous country, Africa, south;
of Darfur, tributary to Sennaar.
Fazula, X. Hind., in Oude ; 3 N. Lucknow.
Fazulapour, X. Hind., Bahar; 13 NW. Bahar.
Fazzolo,X. Naples, in the Capitanata ; 13 SW.
Manfredonia. Feat, r. Ireland, which rises near Coolnaken-
ny, in Limerick, and unites with the river Gale,
fac. in the county of Kerry, after which it takes
the name of Cashin, and falls into the Shan
non's mouth, 11 m. above Kerry Head. .
Fearing, X. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 811.
Fearn, X. Scot, in Ross ; 4 SE. Tain.
Febabo, X. Africa, capital of a district in the-
Libyan desert, inhabited by the Tibboo ; 160 S.
Augela. Lon. 22. 5. E. Lat. 26. 50. N.
Fecamp, s-p. France, in Lower-Seine ; it con
tains about 1,000 houses; 9 SW. Dieppe, 15
NNE. Montivillers. Lon. 0. 23. E. Lat. 49. 46.
N. Pop. 7,009. The principal commerce is in
linen, serges, lace, leather, and hats. The her
ring fishery employs a considerable number of
vessels ; and smaller boats fish along the coast.
Ftchheim, X. Coburg, in Saalfeld. Pop. 200.
Fe-ching-se, small city, China, in Pe-tche-li,
near Pekin, neatly built.
Feckenham, parish, Eng., in Worcestershire ;
4 S. Bromsgrove. Pop. 2,135.
Fecunsum, X. Japan, on N. coast of Niphon •
28 N. Noto.
Fecuri, X. Japan, in Niphon, on the gulf of
Jedo ; 65 S. Jedo.
Fedala, s-p. Morocco ; 40 SSW. Salee. It is
situated on a promontory, sometimes mistaken
for an island. It is in a fertile countiy, and has
an excellent road for ships. It has had an ex
tensive trade in grain. It has been supposed to
be the Cerne ofthe ancients.
Federalsburg, v. Md., in Dorchester and Car
oline counties ; 18 NE. Cambridge.
Feder See,lake, Wurtemberg,about 12 miles in
circ, which has communication with the Dan
ube, by a river called Krantzach ; the lake is a
little E. Buchau.
Feeding Hills, p-v. fa parish, in West Sprine-,
field, Mass. ; 5 W. Springfield, W. 364, 8
Feejee,is\. in the S. Pacific Ocean, which as
Capt Cook was informed, lies 3 days' sail from
Tongataboo, in the direction of NW. by W It

FEL

5S4

FEL

is described as a high, but very fruitful island ;
abounding with hogs, dogs, fowls, and all the
kinds of fruit and roots that are found in any
of the ¦ others ; and as being much larger than
Tongataboo ; to the dominion of which it is
not subject, as the other islands of the Archipe
lago are. — The more northerly part of this nu
merous group reaches N. to Lat. 15. 33. Capt
Bligh fell in with the eastermost of the Feejee
islands in 178. W. Lon. The southermost island
lies in Lon. 17S. E. Lat. 19. 50. S. The stature
of the Feejeeans is high, their complexions are
dark, and their hair approaches to wool. They
are cannibals, very ferocious, and dreaded by
their neighbours.
Feestown, p-v. Clermont co. Ohio ; W. 462.
Feesura, t Africa, in Kaarta ; 28 W. Kemmoo.
Feet, X. Norway, Aggerhuus ; 36 NNE. Fre'd-
erickstadt. Fegari, X. Japan, Niphon ; 70 SSE. Meaco.
Fegesak, or Vegesak, X. Ger., in Bremen, on
the Weser; S NNW. Bremen. Pop. 1,534.
Feglina, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 7 SE.
Cosenza. Fehrabad, or Fahrabad, t. Persia, in Mazan
deran ; 126 W. Astarabat, 270 N. Ispahan. Lon.
53. 12. E. Lat. 35. 56. N. It is situated near S.
coast of the Caspian sea ; containing about
16,000 inhabitants, principally descendants of
Georgians and Armenians, who are active, live
ly, and industrious : the environs produce sugar,
cotton, and silk.
Fehrenbach, X. Baden ; 16 E. Friburg.
Fehrnbellin, X. Pru. Brandenburg, on the Rein ;
28 NW. Berlin, 28 NNE. Brandenburg. Lon. 12.
50. E. Lat. 52. 53. N. Pop. 952.
Fei, X. China, of the third rank, in Changtong ;
25 WNW. Y.
Fei, r. Persia, which runs into the Mes, 8 SE.
Sue Sambil, in. Chusistan.
Feid, see Foid.
Feignies, t. France, in North ; 3 NW. Mau-
beuge. Feilersdorf X. Bav. ; 8 SW. Culmbach.
Feililsch, X. Bav. ; 3 NE. Hof.
Feira, X. Portugal, Beira; 10 S. Oporto. Pop.
2,000. Feisoun, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 40 N.
Diarbekir. Feilkinge, X. Sweden, Schonen ; 6 E. Chris
tianstadt. Fei-tchin, X. China, of the third rank, in Chang-
tong; 25 SSW. Tci-nan.
Feistiz, X. Carinthia ; 3 SW. St. Veit.
Feistrilz, X. Stiria ; 4 N. Muehrau. H. 90.
Feislrilz, r. Stiria, which runs info the Save,
9 NE. Laybach.
Feislrilz, X. Carinthia ; 10 NE. Saxenburg.
Feistritz, or Windisch Feislrilz, see Windisch
Feistritz, Feium, see Fayoum.
Feketebanja, t. Hungary ; 28 NE. Zatmar.
Fekelelo,X. Transylvania; 23 SW. Colosvar.
Fekelepatak, X. Transylvania ; 25 S W. Colosvar.
Fekete-Pator, X. Hungary ; 18 SSE. Gros War-
dein. Felaniche, see Falonichi,
Feldbach, X. Stiria ; 14 N. Rakelsburg. P. 600.
Feldtf, r. Ger., which rises in Henneberg,
Wid runs into the Werra, 2 NE. Vacha.

Feldes, t. Carniola; 14 NW. Crainburg, 40
SW. Lavamund.
Feldes-See, lake, Carniola ; 2 SW. Feles.
Feldkirch, X. Tyrol, circle, Bregentz,formerly
capital of a county of the same name ; 28 NNE,
Coire, 92 NW. Trent. Lon. 9. 35. E. Lat 47.
14. N, Pop. 1,034. It is well built, and situated
on the III, near the Rhine.
Feldkirch, t. Baden ; 10 W. by S. Friburg.
Pop. 1,000.
Feldkirchen, X. Carinthia ; 10 W. Fiume.
Feldsbach, r. Austria, which runs into the
Danube, 3 miles below Grain.
Feldsberg, X. Carinthia ; 4 NE. Saxenburg.
Feldsberg, X. Austria ; 28 NNE. Vienna, 32
NE.Tulln. Lbn.l6.43.E. Lat.48.42.N. H.250.
Feld See, lake, Carinthia ; 8 NW. Velach.
Felduar, X. Hungary ; 12 SE. Symontornya.
The inhabitants are chiefly supported by fishing
in the Danube, near which it stands.
Felegyhaza, X. Hungary, capital of Little
Cumania; 12 S. Ketskemet Pop. 9,105. H.
1,028. Felenbrunn, (Ober,) X. Austria ; 3 NW. Son-
nebe.rg. Felenbrunn, (Unter,) t. Austria; 8 N. Korn
Neuburg. Felenga, small island, gulf of Venice, near the
coast of Istria. Lon. 14. 4. E. Lat. 45. 52. N.
Feletino, X. Popedom ; 8 N. Alatri.
Feliciana, parish, Louisiana, N. of Baton
Rouge, and bordering on the state of Mississip
pi. Pop. 12,732.
Feliciana, p-t. Feliciana, Louisiana ; 163 NW.
New Orleans, W. 1,313.
Felicudi, (an. Phanicusa,) one of the Lipari
islands. Lon. 14. 21. E. Lat. 38. 34. N.
Felines de Temenes, X. France, in Aude ; 6 S.
La Grasse, 11 NE. St. Paul de Fenouilhet.
Feliu, see St. Feliu.
Felixville, p-v. Cumberland co. Va. ; W. 182.
Felizan,d. Piedmont ; 8 W. Alexandria, 12 E.
Asti. Felizzano, X. Piedmont, near the Tanaro ; 8
W. Alexandria. Pop. 1,700.
Fetto, r. Carinthia, which runs into the Drave,
near Mochling.
Fellbach, X. Wurt., Rothenburg. Fop. 2,401.
Fellenberg, X. Tyrol ; 4 WSW. Innspruck.
Felletin, X. Fiance, principal place of a dis
trict, in Creuse ; 7 SSW. Evaux, 21 SSE. Gu-
eret Lon. 2. 15. E. Lat. 45. 53. N. Poo 2,666.
Near it is a medicinal spring.
Fellin, X. Livonia ; 110 NE. Riga. Pop. 660.
Fellin, X. Naples, Lavora ; 13 ENE. Naples.
Felling, X. Austria ; 3 SSE. Zistersdorf.
Felling, X. Austria ; 10 WNW. Crems.
Felling, X. Austria ; 1 1 S. Vienna.
Fellingsbro, X. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 24
W. Stroemsholm.
Fellis, mt. Adel ; 50 W. Cape Guardafui.
Feloops, people of Africa, who inhabit a con
siderable tract of country between the Gambia
and the Rio Grande.
Felou, r. Africa, which runs into the Senegal,
60 miles above Galam.
Felsberg, t. Hesse Cassel, with an ancient
castle on a rock ; 12 S. Cassel, 16 SE. Naum
burg. Pop. 872.
Felsina, now Bologna.

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Felsoe-Banjd, X. Hungary, in Sathmar; 4
Neustadt. Pop. 3,819. Here are gold mines.
Felstin, X. Aust. Galicia; 40 SW. Lemberg.
Feltow, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 9 SW. Berlin.
Feltri, or Feltre, (an. Feltria,) X. Aust. Italy,
Venice, in the delegation of Beluno, formerly
capital of a district called the Feltrin ; 53 NW.
Verona, 83 N. Padua. Lon. 11. 55. E. Lat. 46.
1. N. Pop. 5,200. Bp. see. It is situated at the
foot of mountains generally Covered with snow,
which renders the air cold. The principal trade
is iron. The town has broad and well paved
streets, a splendid town-house, a fine and large
market-plait with fountains, a cathedral church,
3 monasteries, as many nunneries, a pawn-
bank, and spacious suburbs, which are seated
in a plain.
Feltrin, small country, Italy, bounded N. by
the Bellunese, E. and S. by the Trevisan, and
W. by the Trentin and Vincentin ; now includ
ed in the delegation of Beluno ; 28 miles in
length, 10 in breadth, and producing a suffi
ciency of grain, and an abundance of fruit, es
pecially fine nuts, wine, silk, black cattle, sheep,
fine wood, and game.
' Feltrino, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri-j
atic, 4 SE. Ortona.
Felu, cataract, in the Senegal, 60 miles above
Gallam. It forms the limit of European naviga
tion up the river.
Feludsje; or Feluja, or Peluche, or Pelicha,
small isl. in NW. part of the gulf of Persia, near
the coast of Arabia; 10 E. Koueit. Lon. 48. E.
Lat. 29. 45. N.
¦Feludje, Felugia, or Ajibar, X. A. Turkey, in
Bagdad, on the E. bank of the Euphrates ; 20
W. Bagdad. Soliman the Great erected a pal
ace here, and this was formerly a place of ce
lebrity. Femern, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, separated
from Holstein by a narrow strait, called Femem
Sound; about 27 miles in circ Pop. 7,621. It
contains the town of Burg, and a few villages.
Though but a small spot, this island has always
been considered as one of the keys of Denmark
towards Germany. There is a fort at foe land
ing place from Holstein. Lon. 11. E. Lat.54.33.N.
Femoe, small isl. Denmark, between Zealand
andLaland.. Lon. 11. 33. E. Lat. 54. 53. N.
Femsio. X. Sweden, Smaland ; 50 W. Wexio.
Fen-choui, t. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang ; 25 NNW. Yen-tcheou.
Fenegue-Hotun,X. Chinese Tartary; 360 ENE.
Peking. Fenera, small island, gulf of Venice, near the
coast of Istria. Lon. 14. 8. E. Lat. 44. 54. N.
Feneslrange, X. France, in Meurte, on the
Sorte ; 14 E. Chateau Salins, 33 ENE. Nancv.
Pop. 1,355. }
Fenestrelle, X. Piedmont, in a valley, on the
Cluson; 12 NNW. Pignerola, 11 E. Sezanne.
Pop. 862.
Feneu, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ;-6 N.
Angers, 7 SSW. Chateauneuf.
Feng-hoa, X. Corea ; 25 WSW. Ping-hai.
Fenki, X. Corea ; 36 NNW. Long-kouang.
Fenit, isl. on W. coast of Ireland, in the bay
of Tralee ; 7 W. Tralee, Lon. 9. 45. W.
Fenix, r. Ireland, in the counlv of Cork,
which runs into BallicoUon Bay.
Vol, 1. ; T4

Fenny River, branch of the Ganges, which
runs into the bay of Bengal, Lon, 91. 33. E.
Lat 22. 49. N.
Fenny River, (Little,) branch of the Ganges,
which runs into the bay of Bengal, Lon. 91,
29. E. Lat. 22. 51. N.
Fenny Stratford, see Stratford.
Feno, lake, Ireland, Leitrim ; 16 NE. Carrick.
Fente, t. Egypt ; 15 N. Abu-Girge.
Fenwick, X. Scot, in Ayr; 7 NE. Irvine.
Fen-y, X. China, of the 3d rank, in Kiang-si ;
20 E. Yuen-tcheou.
Feou-chan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chan-si ; 20 ESE. Pin-yang.
Ferabad, see Fehrabad.
Ferah, or Farree, (an. Parah,) X. Persia, in
Segestan ; 90 NNE. Zareng, 150 W. Candahar.
Lon. 62. 22. E. Lat. 33. 20. N.
Ferah, r. Persia, which runs into lake Zere„
at Neubendam, in Segestan.
Ferahan, X. Persia, in. Irak; 40 W. Kom, 72
ENE. Nehavend.
Feran, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean, near SW.
coast of Quadra and Vancouver's island, about
16 miles in circ. Lon. 234. 17. E.
Feranza, X. Naples, in the Basilcata ; 4 NW.
Acerenza. Ferastak, or Feresteck, X. Egypt ; 14 SSE.
Faoua. »
Ferbanna, X. Africa, in Bambouk ; 40 NW.
Bambouk. Lon. 9. 58. E. Lat. 13. 45. N.
Ferbanna- Tenda, X. Africa, in Dentila, on W.
bank of the river Faleme; 65 SW. Bambouk.
Lon. 10. 6. W., Lat. 12. 46. N.
Ferbar, or Ferebar, X. Grand Bukharia, on
the Gihon, opposite Amu.
Ferchenstain, X. Stiria ; 3 S. Windisch Gratz.
Fercala, or Forcula, X. Africa, and principal
place of a district, in Tafilet ; 50 W. Sugulmes
sa. Lon. 4. 36. W. Lat 31. 40. N.
Ferden, see Verden.
Ferdinand, X. Essex co. Vt. ; 60 NE. Montpe
lier. Fen, (La,) t. France, in Aisne, situated in a
marshy soil, near the river Serre, which joins
the Oise; 8 posts NW. Rheims, 16 NE. Paris,
Lon 3. 26. E. Lat. 49. 40. N. Pop. 2,604 —
Here is an artillery school.
Fire Champenoise, (La,) X. France, in Marne ;
12 ENE. Sezanne, 18 SW. Chalons-sur-Marne.
Pop. 1,880.
Fire en Tardenois, t. France, in Aisne ; 9
SW. Fisraes, 10 NNE. Chateau-Thierry. Pop.
1,834. Ferela, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 45 WNW.
Hudwickswall. Ferentino, X. Naples, in the Capitanata ; 11
SSW. St. Serviero.
Ferentino, X. Popedom ; 3 N. Alatri. Bp.
see ; containing 6 churches, and 3 convents.
Ferenza, X. Naples, in the Basilicata ; 4 NW.
Acerenza. Ferel, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 36 NNW.
Gallipoli. Ferdle, X. France, in Upper-Rhine, formerly
the capital of a county of the same name ; 11
SW. Bale, 11 SSE. Altkirch. Pop. 596.
Feres, X. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly; 12 W.
Zeiton. Ferga, (At,) t. Arabia, in Hedsjas; 75 SSE.
Medina.

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586

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Ferganah, or Farganah,, pr. Turkestan, on
the banks of the Sir or Sihon. It is mountain
ous, and abounds in mines of coal, gold, silver,
copper, and iron. Andegan is the capital.
Fergus, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shan
non, 9 S. Ennis, in the county of Clare. -
Ferguson, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,189:
Ferguson's Ferry, p-v. Johnson co. Illinois;
W. 848.
Ferhabad, see Fehrabad.
Ferhad, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 40 SE. Nes-
sapour. Feria, X. Spain, in Estramadura, on a sharp
mountain, near the Guadiana ; 8 N. Badajos.
Fering, X. Stiria ; 14 N. Rackelsburg.
Ferlach, X. Austria, in Clagenfurt, on the
Drave ; 6 S. Clagenfurt. Pop. 2,842. It is di
vided into two, Upper and Lower.
Ferland, see Friedland.
Fermaco, (an. Pharmacusa,) small isl. in the
Grecian Archipelago, about 10 from the coast
of Natolia. Lon. 27. 1. E. Lat. 37. 17. N.
Fermanagh, X. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 2,529.
Fermanagh, co. Ireland, in Ultser, bounded
N. by Tyrone, and Donegal, E by Monaghan,
S. by Cavan and Lei trim, and W. by Leitrim
and Donegal ; about 35 miles long, and 27 in
its greatest breadth ; divided into two parts by
the extensive lake Lough Erne. The surface of
the country is hilly, rugged, and uneven. The
county sends two members to parliament. —
Lough Erne runs through the county ; besides
which there are two other lakes, Lough Melvin
and Macnean. Pop. 111,250. Sq. m. 694. En-
niskillen is the county town.
Firmat, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 12 SW.
Akshehr. Fermo, (an. Firmum,) city, Pepedom, capital
of a delegation, near the coast of the Adriatic ;
26 SSE. Ancona, 93 NNE. Rome. Lon. 13. 41.
E. Lat. 43. 10. N. Pop. 7,185. It is an arch
bishop's see, and contains 10 churches, 16 con
vents, and a university. Lactantius was a na
tive of this place.
Fermosa, see Formosa, & Benin.
Fermosella, X. Spain, in Leon ; 30 WSW. Za-
mora. Pop. 3,000.
Fern, X. Scot., in Angus ; 6 W. Brechine.
Fern Creek, see Pond Creek.
Fernambuco, see Pernambuco.
Fernan Nunnez, t. Spain, in Cordova ; 10 S.
Cordova. Fernando, X. Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes ; 16
WSW. Outeiro.
Fernandez, or Juan Fernandez, isl. in the S.
P. Ocean, about 1 10 leagues W. of Chili ; about
4 leagues long, and hardly 2 wide, of an irre
gular shape. Lon. 78. 52. W. Lat. 33. 40. S.
ft is noted for the refreshments it has afforded
to navigators from its wild goats, vegetables,
and water. The governor of the island is ap
pointed by the president of Chili. — Alexander
Selkirk, a Scotch sailor, being left on this isl
and by his captain, lived here from the year
1706 to 1709, in solitude. This circumstance
gave rise to the celebrated romance of Robin
son Crusoe, by De Foe.
Fernandirta, s-p. Amelia island. It is the only
town on the island.
Fernandino, p-t St John's co. East Florida ;
W. 799.

Fernando de Noronha, or JVaronAo, isl. in the
Atlantic, full of mountains, which have the ap
pearance of volcanoes, but covered with ver
dure ; not above 3 miles in length, and in shape)
resembling a laurel leaf ; about 210 miles from
the coast of Brazil. Lon. 32. 38. W. Lat. 3. 56.
S. It is defended with forts ; the water is in
general brackish, and sometimes no rain falls
for three or four years together. It is a place
of banishment for male criminals ; no females
are permitted to visit the island. The garrison,
consisting of about 120 men, is relieved yearly.
Fernando Po, or Fernand Poo, isl. Africa, in
the Atlantic, near the coast of Benin, about 60
miles in circ The land lies high, and the soil
is fertile in manioc, sugar-canes, rice, fruit, and
tobacco ; the inhabitants are rude and uncivil
ized. Lon. 8. 40. E. Lat. 3. 28. N. Pop. 1,200.
Fernao, or Fernando Veloso, r. Africa, which
runs into the Indian sea, Lat. 14. 10. S.
Ferndorf, X. Pru. Cologne ; 5 N. Siegen.
Fernebo, t. Sweden, Gestricia ; 25 S. Geffle.
Fernere, X. Bav. ; 12 WSW. Culmbach.
Ferness, cape on W. coast of Eda, one ofthe
Orkney islands. Lon. 2. 43. W. Lat. 59. 2. N.
Ferness Bay, bay on W. coast of Eda, E.
Cape Ferness.
Ferney, or Fernex, X. France, in Ain ; 5 NNW.
Geneva. Pop. 514. It was many years the
residence of Voltaire, and the chateau occupi
ed by him is still shewn to strangers.
Fernitz, X, Stiria ; 8 SE. Gratz.
Ferns, v. Ireland, in Wexford ; the see of a
bishop, united with Leighlin ; 15 N. Wexford.
Ferokabad, X. Hind., on the coast of Malabar;
10 S. Calicut.
Ferol, s-p. fa good harbour of Peru, on the,
coast of the Pacific ocean, in Lima ; 70 SSE.
Truxillo. Lon. 78. 26! W. Lat. 9. S.
Ferolito, X. Naples, Basilicata; 18 S. Matera.
Ferosepour, X. Hind., in Moultan, on the Set-
ledge ; 140 ENE. Moultan ; 48 S. Lahore. Lon.
73. 59. E. Lat. 31. 5. N.
'Ferrah, X. Cabulistan, capital of a district, on
a river which flows into the lake Zarra. Lon.
61. 40. E. Lat. 33. 7. N. It is a large walled
town, situated in a fertile valley,, and is sup
posed to be the ancient Porrah, capital of the
Parthian province of Anabon.
Ferrandina, X. Naples, in Basilicata ; '15 SW.
Matera. Ferrara, (an. Forum AUieni,) city, Italy,
States of the Church, capital of a delegation of
the same name, on a branch of the Po ; 40 SE.
Mantua, 67 N. Bologna. Lon. 11.36.E. Lat.
44. 50. N. Pop. 23,638. H. 3,500. Abp. see.
It is about 4 miles in circ, and defended by a
citadel, strong walls, and bastions. The streets
are handsome, with many magnificent palaces
and beautiful churches. The cathedral is re
markable for its antiquity. It contains 100
churches, and 38 convents. The environs are
marshy, and the air unwholesome, consequent
ly thinly inhabited. Ariosto lies buried in a
Benedictine convent; and in the hospital of
St. Ann, belonging to the city, Tasso was con
fined as an idiot Here is a university, founded
in the year 1390 by Albert marquis of Ferrara,
which has 22 professorships. The pope has a
legate at Ferrara, who resides in a palace situ-

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587

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ated in the midst of the town, surrounded with
walls, flanked with towers and ditches.— Na
tives, Bentcvoglio, Giraldi, and Guarini.
Ferrarese, or delegation of Ferrara, bounded
N. by foe Po, E. by the gulf of Venice, S. by
the Romagna and Bolognese, and W. by Mo
dena. The whole country is low and marshy,
being frequently overflowed by several branch
es of the Po, and other rivers which run through
. it, so that travelling is sometimes dangerous
without guides. It contains but few towns,
and though in itself fertile,, is badly cultivated
and thinly inhabited. The principal places are
Ferrara and Comachio. Pop. 170,727. Sq. m.
1,187. Ferratus Mons, now Jurjura.
Ferre-anah, t. Africa, in Tunis; 65 SSW.
Keff, 130 SW. Tunis. It is supposed to be on
the site of ancient Thala, or Teleple. Accord
ing to Dr, Shaw, it appears to have been the
largest city of Bizacium, notwithstanding the
remains of its ancient grandeur consist in a few
granite and other pillars. It has good air, and
is well supplied with water, but is situated in a
desert, the country around being entirely bar-'
ren and arid.
Ferreira, X. Spairi, Grenada ; 6 SE. Guadix.
Ferreira, t. Portugal, Alentejo ; 13 W. Beja.
Ferreira de Aves, X. Portugal, in Beira; 15
NE. Viseu. Pop. 1,600.
Ferrer's Bay, bay on N. coast of Egmont isl
and, or New Guernsey, with a town or village;
5 E. Cartaret's point.
Ferret Island, small isl. near E. coast of Lab
rador. Lon. 55. 40. W. Lat. 53. 40. N.
Ferriere, (La,) X. France, in Eure ; 15 N.
Verneuil. Pop. 474.
Ferriere,(La,) t.France,in Mayne-and-Loire;
3 N. Segre, 7 SW. Chateau Gontier.
FerriSre en Partenay, (La,) X. France, in
Two-Sevres ; 7 E. Partenay, 9 S. Airvanlt.
Ferriire au Doyen, X. France, in Calvados ;
12 N. Vire, 18 SW. Caen.
Ferriires,X. Neth. Liege; 17SE.Huy. Pop.
Ferrieres, X. France, in Loiret ; 16 E. Bois
Commun, 16 N. Montargis. Pop. 1,610.
Ferrisburg, X. Addison co. Vt, on lake Cham
plain, at the mouth of Otter Creek; 22 S. Bur
lington. Pop. 1,581.
Ferrilers, see Blasquets.
Ferriter's Cove, bay on W. coast of Ireland,
between Sybil Head and Smerwick harbour.
Ferro, or Hiero, one of the Canary islands,
and with regard to situation the most westerly ;
about 15 miles in breadth, and 40 in circ. ; 300
S. Madeira. Lon. of W. point, 18. 10. W. Lat.
27. 45. N. It rises steep and craggy from the
sea on all sides for above a league, in such a
manner as' to render the ascent very difficult
and fatiguing : after this the rest of the islands
will be found to be tolerably level and fruit
ful, and it abounds with many kinds of trees
and shrubs, but no gum-dragon trees grow
here. It produces better grass, herbs, and flow
ers than any of the other islands, so that bees
thrive and multiply here extremely, and make
excellent honey Pop. 5,000. English and
French geographers formerly took their first
meridian from the west extremity of this island;

but Englishmen now generally take their lon
gitude from London or Greenwich, and French
men theirs from Paris.
Ferrogan, mt Scot, Perthshire; 18 S. Blair
Athol. Ferrol, s-p.. Spain, in Galicia, situated in the
bay of Corunna, with a good harbour, and
strongly fortified ; 21 NE. Corunna,, 36 NW.
Lugo. Lon. 8. 15. W. Lat. 43. 29. N. Pop.
about 10,000 in peace, in war much more.
This place is now the first marine arsenal in
the kingdom. The site of this port renders it
extremely strong ; as to approach it by sea, it is
necessary to pass a river, no where above 500
yards broad, defended by several forts. The
basin wherein the ships are laid up, which may
be about 1,500 yards long, arid between five
and six broad, is a magnificent work.
Ferrol, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Peru. Lat. 9. 15. S.
Ferry, v. Scot., in Forfarshire, on the Frith of
Tay ; 3 E. Dundee. Pop. 500.
Ferry Hill, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. ; W. 267.
Ferryland Harbour, bay on coast of New
foundland. Lon. 52. 25. W. Lat. 47. 8. N.
Ferrybridge, v. Eng., in Yorkshire, on the
Aire, over which is a freestone bridge ; 15 N.
Doncaster, 177 N. London.
Ferry Port on Craig, X. Scot., in Fifeshire, at
the mouth of the Tay ; 4 ESE. Dundee, 10 N.
Cupar. Ferrytown of Cree, see Creetown.
Ferryby,v. Lii; ct lnshire, on S. side of the
Humber, whence is a passage into Yorkshire.
Fersin, X. Persia, in Irak ; 12 S. Sava.
Fersina, r. Tyrol, which rises in a lake near
St. Boldo, and runs into the Adige, 2 N. Trent
Fersnilz, X. Austria ; 10 S. Ips.
Ferte (La,) X. France, in Somme, on the left
bank ofthe Somme ; 8 NW. Abbeville.
Ferti sur Amance, (La,) X. France, in Upper-
Marne ; 9 S. Bourbonne les Bains.
Ferti Aleps, (La,) or Lo Ferti Alais, t. France,
in Seine-and-Oise ; 9 NE. Estampes, 12 SW.
Melun. Lon. 2. 26. E. Lat. 48. 28. N. Pop. 780.
Ferte sur Aube, (La,) t. France, in Upper-
Marne, situated on the -Aube ; 15 W. Chau-
mont-en-Bassigny, 27 NW. Langres. Lon. 4.
42. E. Lat. 48. 6. N. Pop. 1,037.
Ferti Bernard, (La,) X. France, and principal
place of a district, in Sarte ; surrounded with
walls, and containing 3 fauxbourgs ; 21 NE,
Le Mans, 27 SE. Alencon. Lon. 0. 44. E. Lat.
48. 11. N. Pop. 2,314.
Ferti Chaudron, (La,) X. France, in Nyevre ;
10 NW. Moulins. H. 150.
Ferti Frenel, (La,) X. France, in Orne ; 6
NNW. L'Aigle, 21 ENE. Argentan. Pop. 376.
Ferte1 Gaucher, (La,) t. France, in Seine-and-
Marne ; 9 ESE. Coulommiers. Lon. 3. 22. E.
Lat. 48. 47. N. Pop. 1,924.
Ferti ImbaUlt, (La,) X. France, in Loir-and-
Cher, situated on the Saudre ; 9 ENE. Romo-
rantin, 28 ESE. Blois. Pop. 1,600.
Ferte" sous Jouarre, (La,) X. France, in Seine-
and-Marne, on the Marne ; 10 E. Meaux. Pop.
3#03. Ferti Longeron, (La,) X. France, in Nyevre ;
15 N. Nevers. Pop. 1,186.
Ferti Loupli&rre, (La,) X. France, in Yonne ;
9 SW. Joigny, 15 NW. Auxerre. Pop. 1,160.

FEV

588

FEZ

FcrliMace', (La,) X. France, in Orne; 12 E.
Domfront, 21 NW.' Alencon. Pop. 3,849.
Fcrle Milon, (La,) X. France, in Aisne, on the
Ourque ; 12 NW. Chateau-Thierry. Pop. 2,072.
Fertd Seneterre, (La,) t. France, in Loiret ;
12 SE. Beaugency, 12 S. Orleans.
Ferte Vidame, (La,) X. France, in Eure-and-
Loir; 13 W. Chateauneuf-en-Thimerais.
Ferte Villeneuille, (La,) X. France, in Eure-
and-Loir ; 6 S. Chateaudun. Pop. 375.
Fertiere, X. Piedmont, on the Dora ; 8 N.
Susa. Fenacques, X. France, Calvados ; 6 S. Lisieux,
24 SE. Caen. Pop. 1,441.
Ferwerd, X. Neth., W. Friesland ; 7 W. Dock-
um. Pop. 1,100.
Fery, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 146 W.
Constantinople. Pop. 3,000.
Feso, see Paso.
Fescamp, see FScamp.
Feselaw, X. Austria ; 2 S. Baden.
Fesenbach, r. Bavaria, which runs into the
Nab, 3 S. Nabburg.
Feshn, X. Egypt ; 18 N. Abu-Girge, 66 S. Cairo.
Fessan, see Fezzan.
Fesseldorf X. Bav. ; 4 SW. Weismayn.
Feslenberg, t. Pru. Silesia, Oels ; 10 N". Oels,
14 NW. Watenberg. Lon. 17. 30. E. Lat. 51.
21. N. Pop. 1,620.
Feslnersgreuth, t Bav. ; 16 SSW. Bamberg.
Fesluber, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 6 E.
Bethuno. Pop. 1,250.
Fethard, X. Ireland, in P'pperary; 8 SE.
Cashel, 86 SSW. Dublin. Lon. 7. 40. W. Lat.
52. 27. N.
Felie, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates ; 50
NW. Bassora.
Fclio, (an. Apheta,) X. Turkey, in the gulf of
Volo. Fetistaw., or Kta(toM,-o, t Servia, on the Danube;
8 E Orsova.
Fellar, or Fillar, one of the Shetland isles,
about 4 miles long, and 3 broad. Lon. 1. 6. W.
Lat. 60. 58. N. Pop. about 630. The soil is tol
erably good, but no trees will grow.
Felova, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 25 S.
Ruszek. Feltee, one of the branches of the Indus.
Fettercairn, X. Scot., iri Kincardine ; 1 1 NW.
Montrose. Near it is an ancient ruin called
Fenellas castle, where Kenneth HI. was mur
dered. Feltport, now Nauen.
Fetlypour, city, Hind., W. of Agra.
Felu, or Affetu, country, Africa, on the Gold
coast, E. Commendo, and well situated for
commerce with the Europeans. Grain, cattle,
palm wine, and oil constitute its principal rich
es. The whole country is about 160 miles in '
length. It was formerly very powerful.
Fetwas, X. Hind., in Bahar; 20 SW. Patna.
Feucht, X. Bav., in Rezat ; 6 W. Altorf, 8 SSE.
Nuremberg. Pop. 400.
Feuchiwang, t. Bav., ill Rezat, on Sulz ; 12
SW. Anspach, 40 S. Wurzburg. Lon. 10.22. E.
Lat. 49. 13. N. Pop. 1,980.
Feudersdorf, t. Brandenburg ; 7 WNW. Stor-
kow. Fevenitz, r. Carinthia, which runs into the
Drave, 6 NW. Villach.

Feversham, or Faversliam, X. Eng., in Kent ; 9
W. Canterbury, 47 E. London. Lon. 0. 54. E.
Lat. 51. 19. N. Pop.3,872. It is situated on a
river navigable for vessels of 130 tons, which
communicates with the E. Swale, an arm of
the sea, between the island of Sheppey and the
main land. It is a town of great antiquity, hav
ing been inhabited by the Britons. A large man
ufacture of gunpowder is carried on here.
Feugerolles, t. France, Loire ; 5 S. St. Eti-
enne. ¦'
Feuillire, (La,) X. France, in Lower-Seine,; 8
W. Gournay. Pop. 2,400.
Feuillelin, X. France, Creuse ; 5 S. Aubusson.
Eeuquiires, X. France, Oise ; 8 W. Granvil-
liers. Feulen, t. Bav. ; 6 SE. Culmbach. ,
Feurs, (an. Forum Segusianorum, X. France,
in Loire ; 10 NE. Montbrison, 25 W. Lyons.
Pop. 1,796.
Feydany, X. Samogitia ; 16 SSW. Miedniki.
Fey-hiang, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 12 SE. Quang-ping.
Feyde, small island, Denmark, a little N. of
Laaland. Lon. 11. 25. E. Lat. 54. 57. N.
Feyregg, X. Austria ; 8 WSW. Steyr.
Feyra, see Feira.
Feyslriz, X. Austria ; 15 SSW. Ebenfurth.
Fes, (part of ancient Mauritania,) country,
Africa, formerly a kingdom of great extent, now
a province of Morocco ; bounded N. by the
straits of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean, E.
by Algiers, S. by Morocco, and W. by the At
lantic. It is divided into 9 provinces or districts,
Shavoya, Tcmsena, Fez, Beni-hassen, Garb,
Shaus, Rif, Tedla, andGaret; the whole united
lo the empire of Morocco. The principal towns
are Fez, the capital, Mequinez, Melilla, Ceuta,
Tangier, Larache, Mamora, and Salee. Sq. m.
about 89,000. The soil is fertile, producing, in
the greatest abundance, corn, fruit, flax, salt,
gum, wax, fac. Oranges, lemons, figs, and olives,
every where abound. The Moors, however,
are but bnd farmers, and cultivate only in pro
portion to their wants, so that two-thirds of the
country lie waste.
Fez, or Fas, city, Morocco, capital of the
country of Fez ; 160 S. Gibraltar, 200 NNE.
Morocco. Lon. 5. 20. W. Lat. 33. 50. N. Pop.
according to Ali Bey about 100,000 ; Jews
2,000. Pop. according to the improbable state
ment of Jackson, 380,000. It was built in 793
by Edris, and soon became a large city, and
the capital of the western Mahometan states.
According to Leo Africanus it contained, in the
12th century, 700 temples and mosques, of
which 50 were magnificent, and adorned with
marble pillars. It was esteemed a sacred city,
and when the road to Mecca was shut up in the
4th century of the Hegira, the western Mahom
etans made pilgrimages to Fez, and the eastern
to Jerusalem. It was also famous as a school
of learning, at a time when knowledge was al
most exclusively possessed by the Saracens. Its
numerous schools of philosophy, physic, and
astronomy, were not only resorted to bv all the
Mahometan kingdoms of Spain and Africa, but
were attended by Christians.
The situation of Fez is singular. It lies in a
valley which is formed by surrounding bills info

FIA

589

a species of funnel, the higher parts of which
are covered with trees, orange groves, and or
chards. A river winds through the valley, re
freshing the fields, supplying the city with
water, and turning various machinery. The
gardens around it form a delightful amphithea
tre. On a height above the rest of foe city,
stands New Fes, founded in the 13th century ;
a well built town, inhabited chiefly by Jews.—
The principal edifice is the mosque of Carubin,
described by Leo as IA m. in circ ; but Euro
peans are not permitted to see it. — Fez contains
200 caravanseries or inns, 2 or 3 stories high.
The hospitals, once numerous, are in a great
measure fallen to decay. The shops make a
handsome appearance, and the markets are im
mensely crowded. Here are still some remains
of those learned institutions, for which the city
was once distinguished. Fez is said now to
exhibit a singular mixture of splendour and
ruin. — ia 1799, 65,000 of the inhabitants were
said to be carried Off by the plague.
Feso, see Poso.
Fezzan, (an. Phazania,) country, Africa, sit
uated to the S. of Tripoli, E. of the Great Des
ert, and 60 days' journey W. of Cairo. Mr.
Horneman, a late traveller, informs us, that the
greatest length, of the cultivated part of this
country, is about 300 English miles from N. to
S., and the greatest width 200 miles from E. to
W. ; but the mountainous region of Harutsch to
the east and other deserts to the south and west,
are reckoned within this territory. The border
ers on the N. are Arabs, nominally dependent
on Tripoli. Fezzan, is bounded E. by the Ha
rutsch and line of deserts ; S. and SE. by the
country of the Tibboos, SW. by that of the
nomadic Tuaricks ; W. are Arabs. The king
dom contains 101 towns and villages, of which
Mourzouk is the capital. The principal towns
next in order to the imperial residence are
Sockna, Sebba, Hun, Wadon to the N., Gatron
(or Kattron) to the S., Jerma to the W., and
Zuela to the E. The climate is at no season
temperate or agreeable. During the summer
the heat is intense, and when the wind blows
from the south, is scarcely supportable, even by
the natives. The soil is light and sandy, and
produces maize, barley, pompions, carrots, cu
cumbers, onions, garlick, and some wheat. The
most common trees are the date, white thorn,
and the talkc Here is little or no rain, but the
vegetation is luxuriant from the number of sub
terraneous springs. The population of Fezzan
is loosely estimated from 75, to 150,000, all of
whom, without exception, profess the Mahom
etan religion.
Fezzara, t. Egypt, on W. branch of the Nile ;
13 SSE. Rosetta.
Fioc, t. France, in Tarn ; 4 E. Lavaur.
Fioeone, t Genoa, on the confines of the Mi
lanese, between Genoa and Tortona.
Fiallsio, X. Sweden, in Angermannland ; 83
NNW. Hernosand.
Fiona, X. Naples, Abruzzo Ultra ; 9 S. Teramo.
Fiano, X. Popedom, in the patrimony of St.
Peter, on the Tiber ; 15 N. Rome.
Fianona, (an. Flavona,) s-p. Istria, with a
good harbour; 36 SE. Trieste. Lon. 14. 18. E.
Lat. 45. 49. N,

F1F
Fiarra, one of the smaller Western islands of
Scotland. Lon. 7. 27. W. Lat. 57. 4. N.
Fiascone, see Monte Fiascone.
Fiastn, X. Popedom, in Ancona ; 6 SSE. Ca-
merino. Ficareto,t. Popedom, in Spoleto ; 5 E. Todi.
Ficheruolo, t. Italy, on the Po; 13 WNW.
Ferrara. Fichtelberg, mt. Franconia, which extends
from near Bayreuth to Eger in Bohemia. It is
3,214 feet above the level of the sea, and con
tains in it many deserts, rocks, bogs, and mo
rasses. It takes its name from the great num
ber of pines with which it is covered ; there
are a great number of other trees, oaks, beech,
elm, fac The extent from E. to W. is 16 miles,
and as much from N. to S.
Fichtelberg, mt. Saxony, a summit of the Erz-
gebirge, 3,731 feet above the level of the sea.
Fichielsee, lake, Bav. ; 12 NE. Bayreuth.
Fidari, (an. Evenus,) r. Eu. Turkey, in Liva
dia, which runs into the sea, 8 N. Patras.
Fiddichow, or Viduchova, X. Pru. Pomerania,
; on the Oder ; 22 SW. Stargard. Lon. 14. 33. E.
| Lat. 53. 13. N. Pop; 1,331.
Fiddri, see Filtre.
Fidentia, now Borgo di St. Domino, and Fio-
renzuolo. Fidis, X. Austria ; 6 SW. Bohmisch Waidho-
ven. Fidmin, X. Egypt ; 5 W. Fayoum.
Fidra, small isl. near E. coast of Scotland, at
the entrance of the Forth ; 3 NW. North Ber
wick. Lon. 2. 49. W. Lat. 56. 5. N.
Fidulca, small isl. in the Grecian Archipela
go ; 4 SW. Stamphalia.
Fiec/itach, X. Bav. ; 7 E. Nabburg, 6 N. Retz.
Fiego, or Fijoogo, s-p. Japan, on S. coast of
Niphon, with a large harbour in the bay of Os-
aca ; 24 SSW. Osaca, 48 SW. Meaco.
Field's Mills, p-v. Brunswick co. Va., W. 186.
Fieldhead, v. Eng., Yorkshire ; 6 SW. Leeds.
Dr. J. Priestley was born here in 1733.
Fielsia, X. Swedish Lapland ; 45 SSE. Asele.
Fieleweer, isl. near W. coast of Norway, about
22 miles long, and 4 broad, with a town. Lat.
63. 30. N.
Fien, X. Persia, in Irak ; 5 SW. Cashan.
Fienviller, X. France, Somme ; 5 SW. Dour-
lens. Fieras, X. Aland ; 12 NNW. Wardberg.
Fiesco,-X. Italy ; 4 E. Crema.
Fiesoli, X. Tuscany; 3 NE. Florence. Bp.
see. This is the ancient Fasuloz, one of the
ancient cities of Etruria. It is now a lonely
but beautiful village.
Fifeshire, co. Scotland, bounded N. by the
river Tay, E. by the German ocean, S. by the
Frith of Forth, and W. by the counties of Kin
ross and Perth ; 36 miles in length from NE. to
SW. and from 7 to 16 in breadth. The county
of Fife is extremely populous and fertile
abounding with cattle, coal, iron, limestone'
and well furnished with manufactures. It is
divided into 4 districts, St Andrews, Cupar
Dunfermline, and Kirkaldy.. Cupar is the coun
ty town. Pop. 101,272. Families 26,352 ; 5 073
engaged i n agriculture, 15,564 in trade and man
ufactures, 5,715 otherwise. Sq. m. 504
Fifeness, cape, Scot, on E. cpast of the coun-

FIL

590

FIN

ty of Fife, with a village of the same name ; a
i-idge of rocks, called the Car rocks, extending
a considerable way into the sea, renders the
passage of the cape dangerous to seamen. Lon.
2. 39. W. Lat. 56. 15. N.
Fife's Passage, channel in Broughton's Archi
pelago, about 11 miles in length, and 2 in
breadth. Lon. 233. 11. E, Lat. 50. 50. N.
Fifteen Mile Creek,.r. which rises in Pennsyl
vania, and runs into the Potomac, in Maryland,
Lon. 78. 25. W. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Figaruolo, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the
coast of Istria. Lon. 13. 43. E. Lat. 45. 10. N.
Figaruolo, X. Italy ; 13 NW. Ferrara.
Figeac, X. France, principal place of adistrict,
in Lot, on the Selle ; 27 E. Cahors, 46 NE.
Montauban. Lon. 2. 8. E. Lat. 44. 37. N. Pop.
6,452. Figin, r. Norway, which runs into the N.
sea, 10 S. Stavanger.
Figer, or Fisju, rich and extensive province
of Japan, on W. coast of Ximo.
Fighig, X. Africa, on S. side of the Atlas, in
Biledulgerid ; 240 ESE. Mequinez. Lon. 1. 5.
W. Lat. i2. 5. N. The women manufacture
cloth of wool, of exquisite fineness, much val
ued in Barbary, and sold at a high price. The
inhabitants carry on a great trade with the in
habitants of Morocco and Fez, and with the
negroes. Figi, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 10 NE. Funai.
Figlino, X. Tuscany, surrounded by a wall ;
16 SSE. Florence. Pop. 2,800.
Fignan, X. France, Upper Garonne ; 7 NNW.
Toulouse, 9 SE. Castel-Sarasin.
Fig-tree Bay, bay on NE. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76. 29. W. Lat. 18. 18. N.
Fig-tree Bay, bay on W. coast of the island
of St. Christopher, near Sandy Point
Figueira, X. P.ortugal, Algarva ; 8 W. Lagos.
Figueira, X. Portugal, Beira; 10 SW. Monte-
mor o Velho. Pop. 1,000.
Figueras, or St. Fernando de Figueras, X.
Spain ; 20 N. Gerona, 25 S. Perpignan. Pop.
4,640. It is called the Key of Catalonia, having
on an eminence near, a strong and magnificent
castle, built in the middle of the 18th centuiy.
Figuero-dos-Vinhos, X. Portugal, in Estrema
dura ; 20 N. Thomar. Pop. 1,500. Situated near
some lofty mountains, on a small river which
runs into the Zezere ; celebrated for its wine.
Fiji Islands, see Feejee Islands.
Fijirasaki, or Firosaki, X. Japan, in Niphon ;
60 NE. Achita.
Fijoago, X. Japan, Niphon ; 45 SW. Meaco.
Filabres, mt. Spain, in Grenada; 9 miles
from Almeria. This amazing and stupendous
mountain is a solid block of white marble,
about a league in circuit, and 2,000 feet high,
without the least mixture of any other stone or
earth, the marble appearing in many places
where neither the wind, rain, or any of those
causes which destroy the hardest rocks, have
yet made the least impression. From the moun
tain a great part ofthe kingdom of Grenada is
discovered, which is mountainous, and resem
bles the waves of the sea in a storm. On the
other side the mountain is cut almost perpen
dicularly, and from its prodigious elevation
affords a most awfnl prospect, with the city of

Gandia, which, though at a distance, consider
ed with a bird's-eye view, seems only half a
league off.
Filacciano, t. Popedom ; 9 S. Citta Castellana.
Filana, r. Benin, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 5. 22. E. Lat. 4. 40. N.
Filbrun, see Vielbrun.
Fihlehne, X. Pru. Posen, in Bromberg, on an
island in fheNetze; 24 NW. Posen. Pop. 2,476.
Filenta, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 7 N,
Gierace. Fitek, t. Hungary, in Neograd ; 16 ESE. Cor-
pona, 40 SE. Cremnitz. Pop. 1,800.
Filesburg,p-v. Jackson co. Georgia; W. 724,
Filelto, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 10 E.
Capaccio. Filey, small fishingtown, Eng., on E. coast of
York, in a bay of the German sea, to which it
gives name : near it is a ledge of rocks called
Filey Brigg; 2N.Hunmanby. Pop. 309.
Filicuri, see Felicudi.
Filippowo, X. Poland, in Augustowo ; 6 N. by
E. Oletzko Pop. 795.
Filippo d'Argiro, X. Sicily, in the Valley of
Noto. Pop. 8,500.
Filippopoli, or Filippopel, or Philippopoli, or
Filibe, (an. Philippolis, and Trimontium,) X. Eu.
Turkey, in Romania, on the Marizza, where it
becomes navigable ; 90 WNW. Adrianople, 124
WNW. Constantinople. Lon. 24. 44. E. Lat.
42. 22. N. Pop. 30,000. It was founded by Phi
lip, father of Alexander the Great. The situa
tion is low and moist, and the streets are often
excessively muddy. The town contains 20
mosques, is meanly built, and without fortifica
tions. The chief manufactures are woollens and
cotton yarn. It was destroyed in a great mea
sure by an earthquake in 1818. In the year
250 it was taken by the Goths, who massacred
100;000 inhabitants.
Filitz, X. Bavaria ; 6 S. Kirch Lamitz.
Filizano, t. Piedmont, in Alexandria; 8 W.
Alexandria. Fillisburg, X. Austria ; 4 SSW. Enns.
Filoponskaja, X. Eu. Turkey, in Dobruzzie
Tartary ; 18 SSE. Ismail.
Filoquia, or Anfiloquia, or Jerovilia, (an. Am-
philochia, or Argus Amphilachium,) X. Eu. Tur
key, in Livadia, on a river which runs into the
gulf of Arta; 46 NNW. Lepanto. It was once
a celebrated town, but ruined by the wars be
tween the Venetians and the Turks.
Filoii, t. Eu. Turkey, in Joannina ; 8 W. Jo-
annina. It is the chief place of a small inde
pendent tribe of the same name, consisting of
6, or 8,000 men.
Fits, or Fillz, see Vils.
Filtja,'X. Sweden, in Sudermania; 10 SW.
Stockholm. Filurina, t. Macedonia ; 28 N. Edessa.
Fimanlla, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Tarento, Lon. 17. 12. E. Lat. 39. 36. N.
Fina, r. Ireland, in Monaghan, which runs
into Lough Erne, 3 N. Belturbet
Finale, t. Italy, on an island in the river Pa-
naro ; 18 NNE. Modena.
Finale, s-p. Italy, in Genoa, with a good har
bour, on the coast of the Mediterranean, for
merly capital of a small marquisate ; 31 SW.
Genoa. Lon. 8. 24. E. Lat. 44. 10. N. Pop. 7,000.

FIN

591

FIO

Finbo, mt, Lower Engadine ; 8 N. Trasp.
Fimby, X. Finland, on an island ; 28 SSE. Abo.
Lon. 23. 43. E. Lat. 60. 7. N.
Fincastle, or Monroe, p-t. fa cap. Botetourt co.
Va., on Catawba creek, which flows into James
river, a tew miles below the town ; 55 W. by
N. Lynchburg, 175 W. Richmond, W. 244. Pop.
about 700.
Finchley, v. Eng., in Middlesex ; 6 N. Lon
don. Pop. 1,292.
Findhorn, fishing town, Scot, on N. coast of
Murray, at the mouth of the river Findhorn,
with a tolerable harbour, and a large and con
venient bay ; 9 W. Elgin. Lon. 3. 29. W. Lat.
57. 39. N.
Findliorn, r. Scot, which runs into the Frith
of .Murray, at Findhorn.
Finechiolaro, small isl. in the Mediterranean,
near NE. coast of Corsica; 7 N. Bastia. Lon.
9. 39. E. Lat. 42. 58. N.
Fingal's Cave, see Staffd.
Fingamo, t. Japan, Niphon ; 45 N. Meaco.
Finham, t. France, in Upper Garonne ; 22 N .
by W. Toulouse. Pop. 1,379.
Finham, X. France, Lot; 7 SW. Montauban.
Finia, X. Sweden, in Schonen; 20 NW. Chris
tianstadt. Finiana, or Finana, X. Spain, in Grenada ; 7
S. Bara.
Finica, X. Natolia, near the coast; 60 S. Sa
talia. Finica, r. Natolia, which runs into the Medi
terranean, 14 WNW. Cape Chelidoni.
Finimmrboo, t. Africa, Bambarra; 96 WNW.
Sego. Finish, isl. on W. coast of Ireland, 1 mile
from Minish island.
Finisterra, X. Spain, in Galicia, near Cape
Finisterre; Finisterre, dep. France, bounded NW. and S.
by the sea, and E. by North-Coasts and Morbi-
han ; about 50 miles from N. to S., and 40 to
45 from E. to W. ; containing the W. part of
what was heretofore called Bretagne. Quimper
is the capital ; the other principal towns are
Brest, Quimperle, Morlaix, Ch&teaulin, Lesne-
ven, Landernau, Carhaix, Pontcroix, and Dou-
arnenez. Pop. 452,895. Sq. m. 2,785.
Finkerstein, or Habersdorf t. Prussia, in the
Oberland ; 75 SSW. Konigsberg. Pop. 300.
Finkinslein, X. Carinthia ; 16 SW. Clagenfurt.
FINLAND, or Finnland, (an. Finingia,)
countiy, Europe, lying east of Sweden, and
belonging chiefly to that countiy, till 1808,
when it was ceded to Russia ; of the .small part
previously possessed by Russia, Viborg was the
Capital. The Swedish part was divided into
8 provinces, Finland Proper, Aland, East Both
nia, Wasa, Tavartland, Nyland, Savolax, and
Kymmenegards-Lehn.- The whole now forms
the Russian government of Finland, and is
bounded N. by Lapland, E. by the govern
ments of Archangel and Olonetz, S. by the
gulf of Finland, and W. by the gulf of Bothnia.
It is divided into 13 circles. Helsirigfors is the
capital. Abo, the capital till 1819, is the larg
est town. The other principal towns are Vi
borg, Nystadt, Uleaborg, Wasa, Bioneborg,
Tornea, Kubpio, and Tavasthus.  Pop. of
Swedish Finland, in 174», 408,839; in 1790,

705,623 ; in 1815, 902,210 ; of Russian Finland;
in 1815, 193,747; totals 1,095,957 ; in 1820,
1,115,000. Sq.m. 89,520.
The climate in the south and west is com
paratively temperate; in the north and east
the cold is intense and of long continuance. —
A considerable portion of the interior is cover
ed by lakes. In the most favoured districts,
rice, oats and barley are successfully cultivated ;
also some wheat; the pasturage is extensive
and good ; the exports are tar, pitch, wood,
iron, and copper. The roads are bad. — The
religion is Lutheran. The language differs both
from the Swedish and Russian, and is spoken
also in Lapland, Esthonia, and part of Livonia.
Finley, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,636.
Finmark, pr. Norway, bounded N. by the
Northern ocean, E.by the Northern ocean and
the territories of Russia, S. by Swedish Lapland,
and W. by the Northern ocean. There are
neither towns nor villages, though the coast is
pretty well inhabited. The inhabitants subsist
chiefly by fishing. It is divided into West Fin-
mark, which includes 12 churches and chapels,
served by 6 preachers ; and East Finmark, in
which are 9 churches and chapels, served by
3 preachers. Pop. 26,769. Sq. m. 26,712.
Finn, r. Ireland, which rises from a lake of
the same name in the county of Donegal, and
runs into Lough Foyle, near Strabane.
Finnerydia, X. Sweden, in W. Gothland : 34
SW. Orebro,86 NE. Uddevalla.
Finnhar, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. E. Lat. 60. 58. N.
Finnis Bay, bay, Scot.^ on E. coast of the
island of Harris. Lon. 6. 55. W. Lat. 57. 53. N.
Fino, small isl. in the Baltic, near E. coast of
Sweden. Lon. 16. 42. E. Lat. 58. 9. N.
Finow, X. Pru. Brandenburg, on a canal con
necting the Oder and Havel ; 28 NW. Custrin-
32 NE. Berlin. Pop. 448.
Finserwolde, X. Neth., in Groningen ; 5 NW.
Winschoten. Pop. 1,000.
Finspang, X. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 15
NW. Nordkioping.
Finster-Aahorn, mt. Switz., canton of Berne ;
13,584 feet high.
Finsler Munster, X. Tyrolese ; 12 NE. Trasp.
Finsterbach, r. Franconia, which runs into
the Rednitz, 2 N. Roth.
Finsterwalda, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frank
fort; 36 N. Dresden, 40 E. Wittenberg. Lon
13. 56. E. Lat. 51. 37. N. Pop. 1,522.
Fintray, X. Scot, in Stirlingshire ; 8 SW. Stir
ling. Pop. about 1,000.
Fintel, t. Han., in Verden ; 10 NNE. Roten-
burg. Finvarra Point, cape on W. coast of Ireland
in Galway bay. Lon. 9. 4. W. Lat. 53. 7. n!
Fionda, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, in the gulf
of Satalia ; 28 S. Satalia. Lon. 30. 26. E. Lat.
36. 36. N. This was a city of Lycia, anciently
called Phaselis, near a celebrated pass into
Pamphilia, called Climax, or the Ladder, which
Alexander could not pass without wading thro'
the sea. Fionda is much gone to decay, but
still is the see of a Greek bishop.
Fionia, see Funen.,
Fiora, r. which rises in the Siennese, and
runs into the sea, below Montalto, in Castro..

FIS

592

FIS

Fiorentino, X. Popedom, in the Campagna di
Roma; 18 E. Veletri, 23 N. Terracina. Lon.
13. 6. E. Lat 41. 42. N.
Fiorentino, X. Naples, in Capitanata; 7 S.
Lucera. Fiorertzuola, (an. Fidentia,) X. Tuscany, in
a valley among the Apennines ; 22 N. Flor
ence, 23 S. Bologna. Pop. 1,800.
Fiorenzuola, (an. Florenlia,) t. Parma, in Pia
cenza ; 22 NW. Parma. Pop. 3,000.
Fiorenzuola, (an. Floretinum,) .t. Naples, in
Capitanata ; 10 St. Severe It has been long
decayed. Fiorlila, small isl. in the Mediterranean, at
the entrance into the gulf of Tarento. Lon.
18. E. Lat. 40. 14. N.
Fitabitoba, X. New Grenada, in Tunja; 6
leagues from Tunja.
Firabus,X. Persia, Mecran ; 45 WSW. Kidge.
Firan, small isl. in the Red sea, about 18
miles from the coast of Arabia ; celebrated for
its fisheries of pearl. Lon. 41. 30. E. Lat. 17.
13. N.
Firando, island fa kingdom, Japan, with a
good harbour in the sea of Corea. Lon. 130.
40. E. Lat. 33. 35. N.
Firebrass Rock, rock in the Indian sea, near
the coast of Africa, 10 feet under water. Lon.
47. 40. E. Lat. 15. 16. S.
Fire Island, small island in the Indian sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 17. 30, S.
Fireplace, p-v. in Brookhaven, Long island,
Suffolk co. N. Y. ; W. 298.
Firgos, X. Samos ; 3 WNW. Cora.
Firleyowka, X. Aust Galicia, in Lemberg;
48 ENE. Lemberg.
Firmes, t.France; 17W.Rheims. Pop.2,200.
Firmin, X. France, in Loire ; 6 W. St. Etienne.
Pop. 1,486.
Firmitz, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 8 NW.
Leitmeritz. Firmum, now Fermo.
Firmy, X. France, in Aveiron ; 3 ENE. Albin,
16 NW. Rhodez. Pop. 1,051.
Firosepour, X. Hind., in Mewat ; 13 W. Cot-
tilah. Firosepour, see Ferosepour.
Firousabad, X. Persia, in Mecran ; 60 NW.
Ermajel. Firosabad, X. Hind., in Agra ; 16 ESE. Agra.
Firozepour, X. Hind., in Sumbul ; 5 NE.
Sumbul. First Moon, X. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,035.
Firuzabad, or Firous-abad, or Giaur, X. Per
sia, in Farsistan; 65 SSW. Schiras. Lon. 51.
58. E. Lat. 28. 49. N.
Firuzabad; X. Persia, in Irak; 12 WNW. Ne--
havend. Firuzkoh, fortress, Grand Bukharia, on the
mountains which separate Balk from Segestan;
30 S. Gaur.
Fisa, X. Tucuman ; 25 NW. St. Fernando.
- Fiscal, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 16 NW. Ainsa.
Fischa, i . Austria, which runs into the Dan
ube, at Fischamund.
Fischamund, or Viscliamund, X. Austria, near
the Danube; 12 ESE. Vienna. Pop. 1,458.
Fischaw, X. Prussia ; 9 NE. Marienburg.
Tischausen, X. Prussia, on the Frisch-haff;
5 W. Konigsberg. Lon. 20. 2. E. Lat. 54. 45.
N. Pop. 1,143.

Fischbdch, t. Wurt ; 4 NE. Geildorf.
Fischbach, X. Bav. ; 3; SSE. Cronach.
Fischbach, X. Bav. ; 5 SE. Nuremberg.
Fischbach, t. Bav. ; 7 ESE. Bayreuth. ^
Fischbach, or Visp, X. Switz., in the Valais;
27 E. Sion. Near this place a battle was fought
between the inhabitants of the Valais, and
Amadeus duke of Savoy, when the latter was
defeated. Fischbeck, t. Pru. Brandenburg ; 3 SE. New
Tangermunde. ¦
Fischbeck, see Vischbeck.
Fisclibrun, X. Bav. ; 4 NE. Hersbruck.
Fischer, X. Carniola ; 17 SE. Stein.
Fisgard, or Fissguard, or. Fiscard, s-p.( S.
Wales, in Pembroke, at the mouth of the river
Gwaine, on a bay of St. George's channel, to
which it gives name, where vessels may ride
safely in 5 or 6 fathoms of water; 16 ENE. St.
David's, 242 W. London. Lon. 4. 58. W. Lat.
51. 55. N. Pop. 1,572. The inhabitants carry
on a good trade in herrings, of Which they,
with Newport, cure above 1,000 barrels an
nually. Fish Bay, bay on S. coast of Africa. Lon.
22. 30. E. Lat. 84. 30. S.
FisA Bay, bay on W. coast of Africa. Lat.
16. 40. S.
FisA Bay, bay on NE. coast ofthe island of
St. Matthew, in the Mergui Archipelago.
FisA Bay, (Little,) bay on W. coast of Afri
ca. Lat. 15. 20. S.
FisA Creek, r. N. Y., which runs S. and joins
Wood creek, in Bengal. Length, 43 miles.
FisA Lake, p-v. in Bovina, Delaware co. N.
Y. ; 89 SW. Albany, W. 342.
FisA River, r. Alabama, which runs into E.
side of Mobile bay.
FisA River, (Great,) r. Africa, which rises in
the country of the Hottentots, and runs into
the Indian sea, Lat. 33. S.
Fishborn Creek, r. on N. side of the isle of
Wight, which runs into the sea, Lon. 1. 4. W.
Lat. 50. 44. N.
Fisherman's Cove, harbour, on S. coast of
Pitt's Archipelago, within Nepean's sound.
Lon. 230. 53. E. Lat. 43. 18. N.
Fisherrow, X. Scot., in the county of Edin
burgh, at the moqth of the Esk, in the frith of
Forth, opposite Musselburgh. Fop. 1,900.
Fisher's Canal, branch of an inlet leading
from Fitzhugh's sound, on W. coast of N. A-
merica. Lon. of the entrance, 232. 7. E. Lat.
51. 57. N.
Fisher's Island, isl. in Long island sound. It
forms a part of the town of Southold, N.Y., 8
miles lone, and 2 broad ; 5 SW. Stonington, Ct.
Fishersfield, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H.; 27
WNW. Concord, W. 519. Pop. 874.
Fishing Bay, bay, Md., on E. side of the
Chesapeake, at the mouth of Nanticoke.
Fishing Creek, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop.
502. Fishing Creek, p-v. Tyler co. Va. ; W. 310.
Fishing Creek, p-v. Cape May co. N. J. ; 10
miles from Goshen.
Fishing Creek, r. New Jersey, which runs
into Delaware bay, Lon. 74. 54. W. Lat. 39.
5. N.
Fishing Creek, p-v. Wilkes co. N. C. ; W. 460.

FIT

593

FLA

Fishingford Cross Roads, p-v. Bedford co.,
Ten.; W. 801.
Fishkill, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y., on E. bank
of the Hudson ; 10 S. Poughkeepsie ; 90 S. Al
bany, W. 286. Pop. in 1810, 6,930; in 1820,
8,203. This is a large township, and contains
2 landings and several villages. The village of
Fishkill is 5 E. of the Hudson. The town of
Freedom, incorporated since 1820, was taken
partly from Fishkill.
Fishkill Landing, p-v. in Fishkill, N. Y., on
the Hudson, opposite to Newburgh ; 65 N. New
York, W. 283.
Fishkill, r. N. Y., which runs into the Hud
son, in Fishkill.
Fishlin, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
5 S. the island of Yell. Lon. 1. 23. W. Lat.
60. 13. N.
Fishtown, t. Africa, at the mouth of the river
Calbari. Fisko, small island between Aland and the
coast of Finland. Lon. 20. 45. E. Lat. 60. 28. N.
Fismes, X. France, in Marne, on the Vesle ;
15 NW. Rheims, 36 NW. Chalons-sur-Marne.
Pop. 2,129. Lon. 3. 46. E. Lat. 49. 18. N.
Fissato, (an. Pisida,) s-p. Africa, in Tripoli ;
90 NW. Tripoli. Lon. 12. E. Lat. 33. 50. N.
Fistella, or Fefza, X. Morocco ; 150 NE. Mo
rocco. The inhabitants are rich, courteous, and
warlike. Fisler,X. Norway, Bergen ; 16 NE. Stavanger.
Fistritz, or Bystrzit, (Neu,) X. Bohemia, in
Bechin; 28 SW. Iglau, 28 E. Budweis. Lon.
15. 1. E. Lat. 49. 3. N. Pop. 2,043.
Fistritz, r. Moravia, which runs into the
Marsch, near Olmutz.
Fitaqua, or Filomii, X. Japan ; 30 E. Jeddo.
Fitchburg, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 23 N.
Worcester, 48 NW. Boston, W. 450. Pop. in
1810, 1,566; in 1820, 1,736. It is watered by
the Nashua, and is a considerable and flourish
ing town, and contains 4 cotton manufactories,
a scythe manufactory, and a paper mill.
Fitfil Head, cape, Scot., on W. coast, near S.
extremity of Mainland, one of the Shetland
islands. Lon. 1. 44. W. Lat 59. 50. N.
Fitte, (La,) X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
6 SE. Tonneins.
Fittri, or Fiddri, countiy, Africa, situated on
the borders of a large lake to the S. of Begar
mee; The lake is situated 210 miles S. Bornou.
Lon. 22. 30. E. Lat. 15. 50. N. It is otherwise
called Lussi, and Congo or Cougu. The inhab
itants live iri small huts, and are said to be in a
low degree of civilization. They have no salt
except what they procure from the ashes of

Fitzherbert's island, small isl. in the Florida
stream, at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico.
Lon. 81. 50. W. Lat. 24. 40. N.
Fitzhugh's Sound, narrow channel of the N.
Pacific ocean, between Calvert's island, and W.
coast of N. America.
Fitzroy Island, small isl. near NE. coast of
New Hollan,d ; 5 NE. Cape Grafton.
Fitzwilliam, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 13 SE.
Keene, W. 438. Pop. 1,167. About £ a mile N.
of the centre of the town, 4 turnpike roads
meet; at this place is a village containing a
meeting-house, and about 20 dwelling houses.
Vol. I, 75

Five Bonnets, cluster of small islands in the
Mergui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 29. N.
Five Brothers, cluster of small islands in lake
Huron. Lon. 83. 28. W. Lat. 44. 55. N.
¦ Five Fathom Bank, shoal, in the E. Indian
sea. Lon. 119. 2. E. Lat. 5. 53. S.
Five Fingers Point, cape, on W. coast of New
Zealand, forming N. cape of S. entrance into
Dusky Bay.
Five Islands, cluster of small islands in foe
Mergui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 13. N.
Five Island Harbour, bay on W. coast of the
island of Antigua. Lon. 61.35. W. Lat 17. 13. N..
Fivel, r. Holland, which runs into the Ems,
near Delfzyl ; it gives name to a small coun
try on its banks, between Groningen and the
mouth of the Ems, containing 25 small towns
and villages.
Fivizzanoj X. Tuscany, in Florence ; 13 NNE.
Carrara, 18 ENE. Spezia. Pop. 2,300.
Fiumara di Muro, X. Naples, Calabria Ultra ;
8 N. Reggio.
Fiumarella, (La,) r. Naples, which runs into
the gulf of Squillace, 2 S. Cantazaro.
Fiume, Reka, St. Veit, or St. Veit am Pstaum,
s-p. Austria, capital of a circle in Illyria, in the
countrv of Istria, on the gulf of Quarnero ; 5
WNW.' Buccari, 35 SE. Trieste. Lon. 14. 26. E.
Lat. 45. 20. N. Pop. 7,676. H. 743. It consists
of two parts, the inner town, which is narrow)
and the outer town, which is new and well
built. The harbour, though somewhat difficult
of entrance, is very commodious, arid large
vessels may ride safely at anchor at some dis
tance. Here are several mercantile establish
ments, which export corn, tobacco, wood, fac.
Fiume Freddo, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ;
11 WSW. Cosenza,
Fiumicino, s-p. Ecclesiastical State, at the
mouth of the Tiber, with a custom-house, 2 SW.
Porto. Fixtela, X. Morocco ; 4 m. from Tefza.
Flachberg, X. Carinthia; 2 SW. Drabnrg.
Flachslanden, X. Bav.; 7 N. Anspach. Pop. 350.
Flachstadl, small isl. in the N. sea, about 40
m. from the coast of Norway. Lat. 68. N.
Fladahuna, small isl. near NW. coast of Scot
land ; 7 N. Isle of Skye. Lon. 6. 19. W. Lat.
57. 42. N.
Fladda, small island, Scot, near NE. coast of
the island of Skye. Lon. 6. 8. W. Lat. 57. 37. N.
Fladda, small isl. Scot., one of the Treshan-
nish islands, W. of the island of Mull. Lon. 6.
24. W. Lat. 56. 32. N.
Fladda Isles, three small islands among the
Western islands of Scotland, about a mile W.
from the island of Sandera. Lon. 7. 32. W. Lat.
56. 52. N,
Fladslrand, s-p. Denmark, in N.rth Jutland,
and diocess of Aalborg, on the E. coast; 30
NNE. Aalborg. Lon. 10. 33. E. Lat. 57. 27. N.
Pop. 500. It has a harbour defended by 3 forts;
not sheltered from every wind. Fishing is the
chief employment of the inhabitants.
Fladungen, X. Bav., in Lower Maine ; 40 N.
Wurzburg, 44 NW. Bamberg. Lon. 10. 20. E.
Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop. 788.
Flagg Spring, p-v. Campbell co. Ken. ; W. 514
Flagnac, X. France, in Aveiron; 4 N. Albin,
10 E. Figeaci Pop. 912,

FI,A

594

FLE

Flagy, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne;, 5 S.
Montereau. Flamale, X. Neth., Liege ; 4 SSW. Liege.
Flaman, sec. Caytapera,
Flamanville, s-p. France, in Channel, with a
good harbour ; 10 SW- Cherburg.
Flamborough, X. Upper.-Canada, on W. end of
lake Ontario.
Flamborough, X. Eng., West Riding of York
shire, on the German sea; 3 N. Burlington.
Pop. 756.
Flamborough Head,lofty cape or promontoiy,
Eng. on E. coast of the county of York. Lon.
6. 6. W. Lat. 54. 8. N.
Flamersbach, t, Bav. ; 5 NW. Lohr.
Flamslead, v. fa parish, Eng., Hertfordshire;
7 St. Alhan's, 27 London, Pop. 1,205.
Flanaticus Sinus, now Quarnero.
FLANDERS, countiy,Europe,formerly divid
ed into French, Austrian,.and Dutch Flanders.
French Flanders now forms the. French de
partment of the North ; the other two parts be-
Ipng to the kingdom of the Netherlands, and
are divided into two provinces, East and West
Flanders.-7-Dutch Flanders was a small terri
tory, now forming a part of the province of E.
Flanders. jGast Flanders, pr. Neth., bounded N. by
Zealand, E. by Antwerp and South Brabant, S.
by Hainaut, and W. by West Flanders. Pop.
600,184. Sq. m. 1,042. It is divided into 3 cir
cles, Ghent, Dendermond, and Eeclo. Ghent is
the'capital. The surface in the North is level,
in the south undulating ; the soil a heavy loam,
very fertile; the climate moist, but not un
healthy ; the productions corn, pulse, flax, mad
der, tobacco, with excellent pasturage.
West Flanders, pr. Neth., bounded N. and
NW. by the German ocean, E, by Zealand and
E. Flanders,, SE- by Hainaut, and S. fa SW. by
France. Pop. 519,400. Sq. m. 1,442. It is di
vided into 4 circles, Bruges, Fumes, Vpres, apd
Courtray. Bruges is the capital ; Ostend the
principal harbour. The surface is level; the
soil fertile, the agriculture in an improved state;
the climate humid,; the manufactures extensive
in linen and fine lace, also cotton and leather,
With extensive distilleries and breweries.
Flanitz, X. Stiria ; 10 N. Gratz.
Flannan Islands, or Seven Hunters, group of
9mall islands in the North sea, about 17 NW.
isl. of Lewis. Lon. 7. 25. W. Lat. 58. 26. N.
Flanskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 26. E. Lat. 63. 24. N.
Flanville, X. France, in Moselle ; 4 E. Metz,
4 SW. Boulay.
Fldskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22.30. E. Lat. 63. 49. N.
Flasset, isl. near the coast of Norway ; 88 SW.
Drontheim. Flat Creek, r. S. C, which runs into the Great
Fedee ; 6^ miles from Greenville. ,
Fiat Head, cape, on S. coast pf Ireland, in
the county of Cork ; 7 E. Kinsale. Lon. 8. 22.
W. Lat. 51.43. N.
Flat Holm, isl. in the Bristol channel, about
1J m. in circ On the highest point of land is a
light-house, to guide vessels up the channel.
Lon. 3. 5. W. Lat. 61. 30. N.
Flat Island, small island in the E. Indian sea,

near N. coast of the island of Floras. Lon. 120.
59. E. Lat. 7. 59. S.
Ftot Island, small isl, in the S. Pacific ocean,
near E. coast of New Zealand, Lon. 183. 16.
W. Lat. 37. 40. S.
Flat Islands, chain of isls. in lake Michigan.
Flat Kill, r. N. J., which runs into the Dela
ware, Lon. 75. 2. W. Lat. 41, 4, N.
Ftot Point, cape on N. coast of the island- of
Jamaica. Lon. 77. 8.W. Lat 18. 30. N.
Flat Point, cape a* S. extremity of Sumatra.
Lon. 104. 18. E. Lat. 5. 50. S.
Flat Point, cape on S. coast of Borneo. Lon.
112. E. Lat. 2. 45. S.
Flata Islands, cluster of small islands near SE:
coast of North Uist ; 1 NE. Rona island.
Flalbush, p-t fa cap., Kings co, on W. end of
Long island, N. Y. ; 5 S. New York, W. 233.
Pop. 1,027. It is a pleasant town, and contains
a court house, a jail, a meeting house, and a
flourishing academy, called Erasmus Hall.— In
1776 a bloody battle was fought here between
the Britisb and Americans, in which the latter
were defeated with great loss.
Flatlands, X. Kings co. on W. end of Long
island, N. Y. ; 7J S. New York. Pop. 512.
Flatow, X; Pru. Posen ; 25 WNW. Bromberg.
Pop. 2,049, of whom 1,01.4 are Jews.
Flatta, one of the smaller Western islands of
Scotland, 2 E. island of Barra. Lon. 7. 20. W.
Lat. 56. 58. N.
Flavaeour, X. France, in Oise ; 3 NW. Chau
mont. Flavia Gallica, now Fraga.
Flavignac, X, France, in Upper-Vienne ; 12
SW. Limoges. H. 250.
Flavigny, X. France, in C6te-d'Or, on the Oze-
rain ; 27 WNW. Dijon. Pop. 1,305.
Flavin, t. France, in Aveiron ; 4 S. Rhodez.
Flaviopolis, now Gherede.
Flavona, now Fiabria.
Flayat, X. France, Creuse ; 11 SE. Felletin.
FISche, (La,) t. France, principal place of a
district, in Sarte ; 21 SSW. Le Mans. Lon. 0. 1 .
E. Lat. 47. 42. N. Pop. 5,099. In 1603, a col
lege of Jesuits was founded here, for the de
scendants of nobility only, by Henry IV. The
centre is converted into a town-house, and one
of the wings has lately been rebuilt as a semi
nary for the education of youth.
Fleckefiord, X. Norway, in Christiansand, on a
small bay of the North sea. Lon. 6. 38. E. Lat.
58. 17. N. Pop. 1,686.
Fleckeroe, or Fleckeren, isl. near the coast of
Norway, in the North sea. Lon. 8. 1. E. Lat.
58. 5. N. Between the island and the continent
is a celebrated harbour, into which the same
wind serves for entrance and passage out.
Flederbom,X. Pomerania; 16 miles from New-
Stettin. Pop. 300.
Fleet, i. Eng., in the county of Nottingham,
which runs into the Trent, 8 N. Newark.
Fleet, l. Scot., in the county of Kircudbright,
which runs into Wigton bay, by a wide mouth,
called Fleet Bay; 7 W. Kircudbright. Lon. 4. 15/
W. Lat. 54. 54. N.
Flega, small isl. gulf of Engia ; 8 E. Engia.
Fleisbach, i. Ger., which runs into the Molle,
3 NW. Dorlach, in Saltzburg.
Flelc, r. Ireland, which rises in the Sliebh-

FLI

59£

FOt)

Iogher mountains, in the county of Kerry, and
loses itself in Lough lake.
Fleming, co. E. part of Ken. ; W. 5l8. Pop.
in 1810, 8,947; slaves, 649. Pop. in 1820, 12,186.
Chief town, Flemingsburg.
Flemingsburg, p-t. fa cap.Fleming co.Ken., 96
Frankfort, W. 518.
Flemington, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. ; 23
NNW. Trenton, 44 NNE. Philadelphia, W. 193.
It is the seat of justice for Hunterdon co., situ
ated in a rich vale, and contains a court-house,
an academy, 2 houses of public worship, one
for Presbyterians and one for Baptists, and
about 50 dwelling houses. It is famous for
Cheese. Flen, t. Sweden, in Sudermania ; 22 NNW.
Nykoping. Flensborg, s-p. Denmark ; 16 N. Sleswick.
Lon. 9. 27. E. Lat. 54. 47. N. Pop. 15,000. H.
1,200. It contains 3 German and 1 Danish ch.,
a hospital, and a gymnasium. It is situated on
E. coast of Sleswick, in a gulf of the Baltic,
called Flensborgerwieck, which extends as much
as 18 miles inland, and forms a good harbour,
with depth of water for the largest vessels
which are unloaded at the quay, and screened
from all winds by surrounding hills. It is the
capital of a district, and one ofthe handsomest
and most commercial towns in the duchy.
Fleron, t. Neth. ; 5 E. Liege. Pop. 1,000.
Flers, X. France, in Orne ; 10 N. Domfront,
18 SW. Falaise. Pop. 1,684.
Flesberg, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 36 W.
Christiania. Flesh Bay, bay of the Indian sea, on the coast
of Africa. Lon. 22. 20. W. Lat. 34. 35. N.
Flesseles, X. France, in Somme ; 5 N. Amiens.
Fletcher, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 28 NE. Bur
lington, W. 538. Pop. 497.
Fletcher's Nook, cape, on the coast of Maine.
Lon. 70. 29. W. Lat. 43. 25. N.
Flevo Lacus, now Zuyder-Sea.
Fleurance, X. France, in Gers, on the Gers ; 4
S. Lectoure, 12 N. Auch. Lon. 0. 15. E. Lat.
43. 51. N. Pop. 3,031.
Fleuret, X. France, in Cflte-d'Or, on the Sa
one ; 7 W. Dijon.
Fleurey, X. France, C6te-d'Or; 8 W. Dijon.
Fleurigni, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 3
E. Fougeres.
Fleurmont, or Florimont, X. France, in Upper
Rhine ; 7 E. Befort.
Fleurus, or Flerus, X. Netherlands, in Namur ;
6 NE. Charleroy. Pop.2;019. It is remarkable
for having been the seat of three battles fought
near it; the 1st on the 30th of August, 1622,
between the troops of Spain, and some Ger
man troops. The second battle was fought be
tween the allies, under the command of the
prince of Waldeck, and the French under the
duke of Luxemburg, in which the former were
defeated, with the loss of 5,000 killed, and
4,000 prisoners, 49 pieces of cannon, 8 pair of
kettle-drums, and 92 standards and colours. A
third battle was fought here in June 1794, be
tween the Austrians and the French, in which
the former were defeated with great loss.
Fteury,t.France,Loiret; 2N.Orleans. P.. 768.
Fleury, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 4 N W.
St. Pol.

Flie, or Vlie, r. or channel, which runs from
the Zuyder sea, near the coast of Friesland,
into the German ocean, between the island of
Schelling and Vlielandt.
Flie, see Vlielandt.
Flies, r. Lusatia, which runs into the Spree,
near Luben.
Flies Bay, bay on W. coast of Africa. Lat.
14. 50. S. .
Fliesbach, r. Saxony, which runs into the
Black Elster, near Jessen.
Fliiseryd, X. Sweden, Smaland; 29 N'. Calmar.
Flinn's Fork, p-v. Caldwell co. Ken., W. 796.
Ftinr, navigable river, Georgia, which joins
the Chatahoochee, near the line of East Flori
da, to form the Appalachicola It rises in the
country of the Creek Indians, who have on it a
number of villages.
Flint, X. N. Wales, capital of a county to
which it gives name, situated a small distance
from the river Dee, anciently called Colesheel;
12 WNW. Chester, 194 NW. London. Lon. 3.
4. W. Lat. 53. 16. N. Pop. 1,433. It is the coun
ty town, but has no market, and is visited
chiefly for sea bathing.
Flint River, r. Jamaica, which runs into the
sea, 7 W. Montego bay.
Flint Island, isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence,
near E. coast of the island of Cape Breton.
Lon. 59. 48. W. Lat. 46. 10. N.
Flintshire, co. N. Wales, bounded N. by the
Irish sea, NE. by the river Dee, E. by Cheshire,
S. and W. by, Denbighshire ; about 27 miles in
length, and from .7 to 10 broad. Besides this,
there is a part of Flintshire, no ways united
with the rest of the county, bounded N. by
Cheshire, E. and S. by Shropshire, W. by Den-
bigshire, which is 8. miles long and 6 broad.
The principal towns are Flint, Mold, Holywell,
and St. Asaph. Sq. miles 309. Pop. in 1811,
46,518. Families 9,740 ; 4,086 engaged in agri
culture ; 3,009 in trade and manufactures ; 2,645
otherwise. Flissingue, fortress, or small isl. in the E. In
dian sea, a little W. Amboyna.
Flilsch, X. Austria, in Goritz, on the Isonzo ;
18 WSW. Villach. Pop. 2,031.
Flix, X. Spain, in Catalonia, on the river
Ebro, which surrounds it ; 20 N. Tortosa. Lon.
0.22. E. Lat. 41. 8. N.
Flixecourt, X. France, in Somme ; 9 WNW.
Amiens. Pop. 1,401.
Flixton, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 6 SW- Man
chester. Pop. 1,387.
Flize, X. France, in Ardennes, on the Meuse ;
5 SE IVTcziGrcs.
Floby, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 51 NE.
Gotheborg. Floe, t. Norway, in Drontheim; 48 ENE.
Romsdal. Floceliere, (La,) t. France, in Vendee ; 9 S.
Mortagne ; 12 NNW. la Chataigneraye. Pop.
1,300. Floday, one of the smaller Western islands of
Scotland. Lon. 7. 13. W. Lat. 57. 40. N.
Flodday, one of the smaller Western islands
of Scotland. Lon. 6. W. Lat. 57. 31. N.
Flodden, v. Eng., in Northumberland; 5 N.
Wooler. Near this place a bloody battle was
fought, in the year 1513, between the English

Flo

5'96

FLO

and Scots, in which the latter lost 10,000 men,
with many of nobility, and, as is generally sup
posed, King James IV. The loss on the side of
~the English, who were victors, amounted to
about 5,000.
Flogny, X. France, Yonne ; SE. St. Florentin.
Flohau, X. Bohemia, Saatz ; 8 S. Saatz. H. 83.
FtoAe, t. Saxony, Erzgebirg ; 6 ENE Chem-
Bitz. Flohe, r. Ger., which runs into the Tschopa,
4 W Oederan, in Erzgebirg.
. Flohe, v. Hesse Cassel, bailiwick of Schmal-
kalden. Pop. 992.
Flohnheim, X. Hesse Darmstadt; 12 ESE.
Creutznach. Pop. 1,049.
Flon, t. Savoy, which runs into the Arly, 1
SW. Flumet
Flone, or Floen, X. Neth., Liege ; 8 SSW.
Liege. Flonheim, t. Hesse ; 12 ESE. Creutznach.
Pop. 1,142.
Florae, X. France, principal place of a district,
in Lozere, near the Tarn ; 13 S. Mende, 24
NW. Alais. Lon. 3. 40. E. Lat. 44. 19. N. Pop.
1,717 Florange, X. France, in Moselle ; 2 S. Thion-
ville, 14 N. Metz.
Floref X. Netherlands, Namur, on the Sam-
bre ; 7 W. Namur.
Florence, X. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 17 NW. Rome,
J"op. 640.
Florence, p-t. Huron co. Ohio ; 129 N. Colum
bus, W. 410. Pop. 405.
Florence, p-t. fa cap. Lauderdale co. Alaba
ma, on N. bank of the Tennessee, at the lower
end ofthe Muscle shoals, 1 mile above the Te-
ketanoah ; 60 N. by E. Cotton-Port, the near
est point of navigation on the Tombigbee, 85
W. Huntsville, 250 N. by W. Cahawba, W. 845.
Pop. 500. It was laid out in 1818. It has a
pleasant site, elevated 120 feet above the sur
face of the river. The streets are 100 feet wide,
and intersect each other at right angles. It is
advantageously situated, well built, and flour
ishing. With a little improvement, the river
may be rendered navigable to this place for
steam boats, at all seasons when they can enter
the Tennessee. At present they get up to the
town only at moderate swells, but never go
higher. The great military road and mail route
from N. Orleans to the northeast, pass through
this place.
Florence, (an. Florentia,) city, Italy, eapital
of the grand duchy of Tuscany, and of a prov
ince of the same name, on the Arno, at the foot
ofthe Apennines ; 45 ENE. Leghorn, its port ;
50 S. Bologna, 125 NNW. Rome. Lon. 11. 16.
E. Lat. 43.47.N. Pop. 75,205. H. 10,000. Abp;
see. It is one of the finest cities in Italy, or
even in Europe ; situated in a delightful valley
intersected by the Arno, occupying both sides
of the river, which is crossed by 4 bridges. The
environs are celebrated for beautiful scenery.
Behind the city rise hills covered with olive
and fig trees and other fruit trees ; still farther
are mountains clothed with immense forests of
ehestnut trees, and adorned with small towns ;
while beyond rise the naked and lofty summits
of the Apennines. The whole valley is one
continued grove and garden, where the beauty

of the country is enlivened by the animation
of the town, and the fertility of the soil is
redoubled by the industry of the cultivators.
The city is surrounded by a wall; has 2 cita
dels, is about 5 miles in circuit, of an oval
form ; its streets tolerably wide and well paved,
or rather flagged ; the houses in general solid
and rather stately ; several of the palaces and
churches are magnificent. The palace of the
grand duke is a vast building of freestone, con
taining 900 apartments. The cathedral, built in
the 15th century, is a Gothic edifice of vast
extent and magnificence, and in boldness and
skill inferior only to St. Peter's of Rome ; 426
feet in length, and 363 in height. It is com
pletely cased with polished black and white
marble. The Medicean gallery, a grand collec
tion of works of art, known throughout Europe
as the gallery of Florence,, is more than 500
feet in length, and is replenished with busts, .
statues, and paintings. The last are so arrang
ed as to exhibit the progress of the art from the
11th to the 17th century.
The university dates from 1438. Of the
libraries of the city, the Magliabechiana is
the largest and contains 90,000 volumes, and
3,000 MSS. The Marcelliana has 40,000 vols.
The academy of fine arts, at present the most
celebrated school of painting in the world, had)
in 1819,361 students. The Academia Florentine
was instituted in 1542, for making translations
from Greek and Latin classics. The celebrated
society, styled Academia della Crusca, was in
stituted to improve the language, the design
being to throw out, like iron, all words which
were not good Tuscan. The two were united
some time since, and now bear the name of
the Florentine Academy. The city is said to
contain 173 churches, 39 convents, 12 hospit-.
als, an extensive museum of natural history,
and a botanic garden. — Florence was a place
of great trade from the 13th to the 15th centu
ry. Its manufactures consist of satin, taffetas,
damask, straw hats, jewellery, and precious
stones. — Natives, Leo X, Macchiavel, Dante,
Magliabecbi, Guicciardini, Giotto, and Ameri-
cus Vespusius. — Pop. of the province of Flo-,
rence 584,475.
Florence, X. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 17 NW. Rome,
Pop. 396.
Florennes, X. Neth., in Namur ; 10 S. Char-
leroy, 16 SW. Namur. Pop. 1,101.
Florensac, X. France, in Herault, on the He
rault ; 5 S. Fezenas, 10 S. Beziers. Pop. 2,585.
Florentia, see Florence.
Florentinum, see Fiorenzuola.
Flares, one of the Azore islands, about 30
miles long and 9 broad. Lon. 31.8. W. Lat. 39.
34. N. Pop. 7,005 ; or according to another
statement, 13, or 14,000. It contains 2 towns
and some hamlets ; Santa Cruz is the capital ;
but Lagens is the most populous. It takes its
name from the multitude of flowers which grow
wild in every part of the island.
Flares, or Ende, isl. in the E. Indian sea,
about 180 miles in length from E. to W. and
45 in breadth. Lon. 120. to 123. 5. E. Lat. 7. .
54. to. 9. 2. S. Many of the natives profess
Christianity. The principal village is Laran-
toma.

FLO

597

FLO

Flores, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean, near foe
coast of the island of Quadra and Vancouver ;
15 miles in length from NW. to SE. and from
2 to 6 in breadth. Lon. 234. 3. E. Lat. 49. 20. N.
Flores Head, N. extremity of the island of
Flores, in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 122. 57. E.
Lat. 7. 63. S.
Floreszti, X. Moldavia; 63 E. Stephanowze.
Florida, X. Berkshire co. Mass.; 30 NNE.
Lenox. Pop. 431.
Florida, p-v. Warwick, Orange co. N. Y. ;
105 S. by W. Albany, W. 268.
Florida, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y., on S.
side of the Mohawk ; 35 NW. Albany, W. 355.
Pop. 2,743. This township contains 5 houses
for public worship.
FLORIDA, country, belonging to the U. S.,
bounded N. by Alabama and Georgia, E. by the
Atlantic, S. and W. by the gulf of Mexico. The
northern part of the western boundary is form
ed by the Perdido, which separates it from Ala
bama. Florida formerly extended as far west
as the Mississippi, the northern boundary being
formed by St. Mary's river from the ocean to
its source, thence by a right line to the point
where Flint river unites with the Appalachi
cola, thence up the Appalachicola to the par
allel of Lat. 31. N., thence due west on that
parallel to the Mississippi. The part lying be
tween the Mississippi and Pearl is now includ
ed in the state of Louisiana ; and the part be
tween Pearl river and the Perdido, in the states
of Mississippi and Alabama. The part east of
the Perdido is under the territorial government
of Florida. Lon. 80. 25. to 87. 20. W. Lat. 25.
to 31. N. Length from N.to. S. about 400 miles,
average breadth about 140. Sq. miles about
45,000. Towns. The principal towns are Pensacola,
St. Augustine, New Smyrna, and St. Marks.
Rivers. The most considerable rivers are St.
Johns, Appalachicola, Indian river, Suwaney, fa
Conecuh.— The principal island is Amelia island.
Face of the country. The general aspect on
the seashore is flat, sandy, and barren ; further
inland it is marshy, abounding in natural mea
dows ; a range of low hills extends through the
peninsula. The river St. John's, which has a
course of upwards of 200 miles, forms a promi
nent feature of the country. The great swamp
Ouaquephenogaw or Okefonoco, nearly 300
miles in circuit, lies on the north side, about
half in Florida and half in Georgia. To the
south of this are the Alachua savannas, a level
and fertile tract, bare of trees and shrubs.
Soil. The lands of Florida in their general
character are light and sandy ; and tbey are
represented as not capable of sustaining a con
tinual succession of exhausting crops. The lands
have been divided into 7 varieties ; 1st. pine
barrens, which constitute a great part of the
countiy. They produce vast quantities of yel
low and pitch pine ; also shrubs in great varie
ty, and a wiry grass, which yields sustenance to
numerous herds of cattle. In wet seasons, or
chards of peach and mulberry trees flourish
remarkably well on these lands. 2. Hammock
land. This variety, which constitutes the main
body of good land, is so called because it rises
in mounts or small tufts among the pines. Most

of the uplands remote from the sea are of this
kind, which is adapted to sugar cane, cotton, in
digo, potatoes, and pulse. 3. Prairies. These are
of two kinds, one found in the pine barrens, being
covered with sand and sterile ; the other on
high ground, covered with wild grass. 4. Swamps.
These are of two kinds, the river and inland
swamps ; the latter are the most valuable, pro
ducing large crops of rice, and in some in
stances the best cotton, corn, and indigo in the
countiy. 6. Marshes. A part of these are occa
sionally covered with salt water, and a part
with fresh. The fresh water marshes produce
an abundance of wild oats. 6. A species of
marsh, called goten, consisting of watercourses
covered with spongy earth, and trembling like
jelly for a considerable distance about the spot
impressed. 7. Elevated grounds, covered with
large trees of different species.
Productions. Florida abounds in vegetable
productions in great variety, of most luxuriant
growth. It is remarkable for the majestic ap
pearance of its towering forest trees, and the
brilliant colours of its flowering shrubs. The
pines, palms, cedars, and chestnuts grow to. an
extraordinary size and height. The laurels, es
pecially the magnolias, are uncommonly strik
ing objects, rising with erect trunks, to the
height of 100 feet, forming towards the head a
perfect cone, and having their dark green fo
liage silvered over with large milk white flow
ers, frequently 8 or 9 inches in diameter. There
are 8 different kinds of oak, among which is
the live oak, which after forming a trunk from
10 to 20 feet high, and from 12 to 18 feet in
circumference, spreads out its branches, in
some instances, 50 paces on every side. The
cypress, generally growing in watery places,
has large roots like buttresses, rising around its
lower extremity, then rearing a stem of 80 or 90
feet, it throws out a flat horizontal top like an
umbrella, so that often growing in forests all of
an equal height, they present the appearance of
a green canopy supported on columns in the
air. Many rich fruits, particularly limes, prunes,
peaches, grapes, and figs, grow wild in the for
ests. St. John's river and some of the lakes are
bordered with orange groves ; and olives are-
cultivated with success. Some of the most im
portant productions to which the country is
well adapted are sugar, coffee, cotton, rice, in
digo, tobacco, vines, olives, oranges, and vari
ous other tropical fruits. — The population ofthe
country is very small, less now than formerly, fa
is chiefly confined to the few towns. Cultiva
tion has been extended only to some very small
tracts. Of the fertile lands on the St. John's,
not more than 300 acres are said to be cultivat
ed. The waters contain various kinds of excel
lent fish, and they also abound in alligators and
other lizards.
Climate. The thermometer in summer usu
ally stands between 84 and 88 deg. of Fahren
heit in the shade ; and in July and August.
frequently rises to 94 deg. The sun is scorching
hot at npon ; in winter it very rarely freezes,
nor is the cold ever so severe as to injure the
China orange. From the end of September to
the end of June " there is not," says Volney,
" perhaps, a finer climate in the world."

FLO

598

FOG

Indians. The principal tribe Of Indians are
the Seminoles. They possess some of the finest
districts, but are poor, being bad hunters and
worse cultivators. There are, according to the
Indian agent, 35 settlements of Indians in Flor
ida, but the whole Indian population does not
exceed 5,000.
History. This country was first visited by
Sebastian Cabot, a Venetian, in 1497 ; but was
more completely discovered by John Ponce, a
Spaniard, who landed here in 1513, in April, and
is said to have given it the name of Florida,from
the appearance of the country, it being then
covered with beautiful flowers. Its conquest was
effected by Spain, in 1539. It was ceded to .
Great Britain, in 1763; recovered by Spain in
1781 ; and confirmed to her in 1783. In 1763
the country was divided into East and West
Florida. It was ceded by Spain to the United
States by a treaty -signed at Washington, Feb.
52, 1821 ; and the two parts are now formed
into one government.
Florida, (La,) one ofthe Solomon islands, in
the Pacific ocean. Lat. 9. 30. S.
Florida, (Gulf of) or Bahama Straits, nar
row part ofthe Atlantic ocean, which separates
the Bahama islands from the coast of Florida.
Florida Keys, or Martyr's Islands, cluster of
rocks and sand banks in the Florida Stream.
Florida Stream, channel, which separates the
island of Cuba from the coast of Florida, be
tween the gulf of Florida, and the gulf of
Mexico. Florimont, X. France, in Upper Rhine ; 8 E.
Befort. Pop. 467.
Florin, X. Sardinia ; 8 SE. Sassari.
Florsheim, X. Nassau, on the Maine, near
Hochst. Pop. 1,300.
Florissant, p-v. St. Louis co. Missouri, on N.
side of the Missouri ; 12 miles above Belle
Fontaine, 15 from St. Louis, W. 1,020.
Floss, X. Bavaria ; 17 N. Nabburg, 5 ENE.
Weiden. Pop. 1,504.
Floss, i . Silesia, which runs into the Oder, 6
NW. Breslau.
Flossgraben, r. Ger., which branches off from
the Elster, about 3 NNE. Eisenberg, and joins
the same river again, about 3 E. Merseburg.
Flat Horn, cape on N. coast of Iceland. Lat.
66. 6. N.
Flota, small Western island, near NW. coast
of Lewes.
Flota, one of the small Orkney islands, be
tween South Ronalshay and Hoy. Lon. 2. 59.
W. Lat. 58. 42. N.
Flota, one of the smaller Hebrides, on SE.
coast of North Uist. ,Lon. 7. 8. W. Lat. 57. 28.
N. Pop. 200.
Flotte, (La,) X. France, on the N. coast of the
island of Re ; 2 ESE St. Martin de Re, 7 W.
La Rochelle. Pop. 2,958.
Flotz, X. Ger., in Anhalt ; 6 NW. Zerbst.
Flowertown, or While Marsh, p-t. Montgom
ery co. Pa., on the Schuylkill ; 12 N. Philadel
phia, W. 152. Pop. 1,328.
Floyd, co. Ken.; W. 621. Pop. in 1810,
3,485; slaves, 115. Pop. in 1820, 8,207. Chief
town, Prestonville.
Floyd, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 6 E. Rome, 10
N. Utica, W. 403. Pop. 1,498. Iron ore is
found here.

Floyd's Fork; r. Ken. ; which runs into Salt
river. Floyd, co. Indiana. Pop. 2,775. Chief town,
New Albany.
Fluelen, v. Switz., in Schweitz, on E. side
of lake Lucerne ; 2 N. Altorf. Here is William
Tell's chapel.
Flumari, X. Naples, in Frincipato Ultra; 9
SE. Arriano.
Flumel, X. Savoy, on the Arly; 30 NE.
Chambery, 31 SE. Geneva. Pop. 1,038.
Flums, t. Switz., in the county of Sargans, on.
the Mat ; 5 W. Sargans.
Flurry, r. Ireland, which runs into the bay
of Dundalk, 1 E. Dundalk.
Flushing, X. Queens co. N. Y., on the N. side
Long island; 15 E. New-York. Pop. 2,230.
Flushing village, on a bay of the same name,
is a place of considerable trade.
Flushing, p-t. Belmont co. Ohio ; 130 E. Co
lumbus, W. 312. Pop. 1,197.
Flushing, or Vlissengen, or Flessingue, s-p.
Neth., in Zealand, in the isle of Walcheren, on
N. side of an arm of the Scheldt ; 28 NE. Os
tend. Lon. 3. 35. E. Lat. 51. 27. N. Pop.
5,691. It defends the passage not of that river
only, but all the islands of Zealand, of which it
is one of the most important keys. The port
lies between two moles that break the waves
of the sea, which enters the town by means of
two canals, forming two basins, so that loaded
vessels may sail into the town, to the great
convenience of the merchants. It has become
a celebrated port ; and is now, next to Middle-
burg, the richest town in Zealand. The Stadt-
house is a superb building.
Flat, r. Bohemia, which runs into the Egra,
opposite Elnbogen.
Fluvanna, co. central part of Va., bounded N.
by Louisa co., E. by Goochland co., S. by
James river, and W. by Albemarle co. Pop.
in 1810, 4,775; slaves, 2,142. Pop. in 1820,
6,704. Chief town, Columbia.
Fluvanna, a name sometimes given to James
river, Virginia, till it is joined by the Rivanna,
at Columbia.
Fluviana, r. Catalonia, which runs into the
Mediterranean, in the gulf of Rosas, Lon. 2.
56. E. Lat. 42. 10. N.
Fly Island, isl? in the S. Pacific ocean, so
called from the number of flies found there. It
is covered with trees, but within overflowed at
high water. Lon. 150. 20. W. Lat. 15. S.
Flying Bigbellies, Indians, N. America. Lon.
106. 10. W. Lat 48. 28. N.
Foa, one of the Happaee islands, in the S.
Pacific ocean, between llaano and Lefooga, to
both which it is joined by a reef, hardly half a
mile from either.
Foca, or Foko, isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Guinea, and the mouth ofthe Calbari,
with a town of the same name, called Wyn-
dorp by the Dutch ; 10 S. Calbari.
Focai, X. Egypt ; 20 N. Abu-Girge.
Focaro, mt. Naples, in Otranto ; 20 NE. Ta
rento. Focas, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 146 NW. Jedo.
Fochabers, X. Scot, in Bamff, on the Spey ; 9
E. Elgin, 18 W. Bamff. Lon. 3. 3. W. Lat. 57,
36. N. Pop. 937. Near it is Gordon castle, a
magnificent seat of the duke of Gordon.

FOG

599

FOL

Fo-cA«», see Fo-hxtn.
Fochea, or Foggia, or Phoggia, (an. Phocaa,)
s-p. A. Turkey, in Natolia, situated at the mouth
ofthe, Hermus, in foe gulf of Smyrna ; 28 NW.
Smyrna, 32 SSW. Pergamo. Lon. 26. 39. E,
Lat. 38.44. N. Pop. 4,000.
Eochia, t. Bosnia; 30 SSE. Zwornik; 76
SSW. Belgrade.
Focsani, or Foezani, X. Eu. Turkey, in Molda
via, on the Milcou ; 54 WN,W. Galacz. Lon.
27. 13. E. Lat. 44. 42. N. It was formerly
large, and had considerable trade, but was near
ly ruined by the military operations of 1789, at
which time a battle was fought near this town
between the Russians and the Turks, when the
latter were defeated.
Fodwar, X. Hungary, on the Danube, oppo
site Colocza.
Foe-Pelqune-Hotun, X. Chinese Tartary ; 16
N. Petoune-Hotun.
Fmmund's Lake, lake, Norway, 30 miles long,
and from 2 to 5 wide ; 130 N. Christiania.
Fcemund's River, r. which rises in a lake of
the same name, in Denmark, and runs into lake
Wenner, near Carlstadt, in Sweden.
Fans, (La,) X. Portugal, Beira; 4 NE. Viseu.
Foelo Nord, small isl. in the North 'sea, near
the coast of Lapland. Lat 69. 42. N.
Foelo Suyer, small isl. near the coast of Lap
land. Lat. 69. 32. N.
Fogaras, or Fagaras Videke, X. Transylvania,
capital of a district, on the Alauta ; 28 NE.
Hermanstadt, 28 W. Cronstadt. Lon. 24. 34.
E Lat. 46. N. Pop. 3,000. Greek bp. see. 2
Greek churches, 1 Catholic, 1 Calvinist, 1
Lutheran. Fogbarry, t. Bengal, on the borders of Boo
tan ; 12 N. Sanasbygotta.
Fogeln, small isl. on W. side of the gulf Of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 44. E. Lat. 60. 38. N.
Foggi, X. on E. coast of the island of Bourro.
Lon. 126. 24. E. Lat. 3. 28. N.
Foggia, t. Naples, in Capitanata, the princi
pal town ofthe province ; 16 SW. Manfredonia,
42 NE. Benevento. Lon. 15.38. E. Lat. 41.25.
N. Pop. 17,099. It is neatly built of white
stone, and has two or three good streets; the
custom-house is a handsome edifice. It is im
portant for its trade in corn and wool. This
town, with many others on the coast, was ruin
ed in 1732, by an earthquake, which has oc
casioned its being'rebuilt with greater neatness
and regularity. In summer the air is unwhole
some, and all persons that can afford to remove,
desert it during the hot months. All the large
Streets and open squares are undermined with
vaults, where corn is buried, and preserved
sound from year to year ; the orifices are closed
up with boards and earth; the sides within
faced with stone.
Foggia, see Fochea.
Foggy Island, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean,
near W. coast of America, about 27 miles in
circ. Lon. 156. 45. E. Lat. 56. 10. N.
Foggy Point, cape on W. coast of N. Ameri
ca. Lon. 2£9. 11. E- Lat. 54. 54. N.
FoglesviUe, p-v. Lehigh co. Pa. ; W. 193.
Eoglia, r. Urbino, which runs into the Adria
tic, at Pesaro.
Foglianese, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 7
W. Benevento.

Fogtimq, lake of the Campagna di Roma,
near the sea, with which it communicates.
Foglisso; t. Piedmont ; 5 NW. Chiyasso, 13
W. Cresccntino. Pop. 2,400.
Foglpe, or Fueloe, the most easterly of the
Faroe islands, towards the N. Lat. 62, 3. N.
Fogp, smallish near E. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 54. 10, W. Lat. 50. 2. N.
Fogo, see Fuego.
Fo-han, or Fochan, v. China, in Quang-ton©
14 miles from Canton, and extending 3 miles
along the river on which that city is built It
is called a village, because it is not surrounded
with walls, and has no presiding governor. It
is said to be the largest and most populous in
the world, and to contain 1,000,000 of inhabit
ants. It contains many large and well built
houses, and carries on an entensive trade.
FoAr, or Fora, isl. Denmark, near the coast
of Sleswick, in the German ocean, about 12
miles in circ, with a small seaport, and a safe
road for ships ," the soil is, fertile, and it con
tains 3 parishes. Lon. 8. 31. E. Lat. 54. 44. N,
Fohrag, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 18 S. Yesd.
Fohrag, or Fohraj; X. Persia, in Mecran ; 260
WNW. Kidge. Lon. 58.20. W. Lat. 23; N.
Fohrn-See, lake, Carinthia; 10 SE. Saxen
burg. Foiano, t. Naples, in the Capitanata ; 12 SW.
Manfredonia. Foissy, X. France, in Yonne ; 3 E. Sens.
Foix, before the revolution, a county of
France, on the banks of the Arriege, and di
vided into Upper and Lower. The soil of the
latter is fertile in corn, fruit, and wine ; the
former is more hilly and less fertile,,but abounds
in game, and the valleys produce excellent
pasturage. The principal towns were Foix,
Tarascon, Ax, Pamiers, Saverdun, Lezat, Mas
d'Azil, and Montaut, all of which are in the de-.
partment of Arriege.
Foix, t. France, capital of Arriege ; 9 N. Ta-i
rascon. Lon. 1. 40. E. Lat 42. 58. N. Pop.
3,904. It is defended by a castle on a rock.
Fokia, see Fochea.
Fo-kien, pr. China, bounded N. by Tchekiang,
E. by the Chinese sea, S. by Quang-tong, and W.
by Kiang-si. This is one, of the least, and yet
one of the richest provinces of the empire ; its
situation is commodious for navigation and
commerce, the climate is hot, but the air is very
pure and healthy. Foutcheou is the capital.
Foko, see Foca.
Foklmark, see Voglamarck.
Foklpruck, see Voglabruck.
Folkmansgrun, t. Bav. ; 4 NW. Munchberg. .
Foldereid, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 114
NNE. Drontheim.
Foldmar, see Marienberg.
Foleshill, X. faparish, Eng., in Warwickshire;
2 NE. Coventry. Pop. 3,480.
Foleykunda, X. Africa, in Kantor.
Foligm\ or Fuligno, (an. Forum Flaminii,)
t Popedom, in Umbria ; 10 NNW. Spoleto,
15 SE. Perugia. Lon. 12. 36. E. Lat. 42. 55. N,
Pop. 7,000. Bp. see. It is governed by 7 ma
gistrates, called Seplemviri, who are changed
every two months. It contains 11 churches.
and 23 convents, has some good streets, but
neither square nor town-house : the chief busi-

FON

6b'0

FON

ness is confectionary, paper-making, and man
ufacture of silk.
Folinge, X. Sweden, in Jamtland ; 30 N. Os-
tersund. Folkestone, X. Eng., in Kent ; 7 SW. Dover,
72 ESE. London. Lon. 1. 11, E. Lat. 51. 5. N.
Pop. 3,697. It is situated in the English chan
nel, and is a member of the cinque port of
Dover ; formerly containing 5 parish churches,
but now only one. — Native, Dr. Harvey.
Fplkingham, t. Eng., in Lincoln, with a
Market on Thursday ; 27 S. Lincoln, 106 N.
London. Lon. 1. 22. W. Lat 52. 53. N. Near
it are the remains of a castle.
Falpago, t. Italy, Treviso ; 6 NW. Trevigio.
Folselli, t. Africa, in Barca ; 18 SE. Derne.
Folsobanja, X. Hungary ; 37 ENE. Zatmar.
Foly, isl. of Ireland, in the river Lee, in the
co unty of Cork ; 9 E. Cork.
Fomano, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, Lon. 14. 5. E. Lat. 42. 40. N.
Fom-hoam-touka, X. Chinese Tartary, near a
mountain of the same name ; 7 NW. Tamsan.
Fombio, t. Italy; 6 N. Pavia, 15 SSE. Lodi.
Here a battle was fought between the French
and the Austrians, in which the latter were de
feated ; their loss was 500 men killed and pris
oners, 300 horses, and a part of their baggage.
Fomeque, t. New Grenada ; 10 leagues SW.
Santa Fe.
Fom-ul-silh, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ;
20 N. Vasit
Fon, see Bancok.
Fonami, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 8 S. Taisero.
Foncquevillers, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais;
12 W. Bapaume.
Fond de I' Isles de Vache, X. Hispaniola ; 80
W; Jaquemel.
Fond des Negres, X. on S. coast of Hispaniola ;
40 W. Jaquemel.
Fond, (le Petit,) X. Hispaniola, near W. coast ;
15 NE. St. Mark.
Fond du lac, large bay, forming the west end
of lake Superior.
Fonde, (Isles de,) three small islands in the S.
Indian ocean, near S. coast of Kerguelen's land.
Lon. 68. 39. E. Lat. 49. 41. S.
Fondettes, t.France, in Indre-and-Loire, near
the Loire ; 5 W. Tours. H. 500.
Fondi, or Fundi, X. Naples, in Lavora, situ
ated near a lake to which it gives name ; 40
W. Capua, 56 E. Rome. Lon. 13. 30. E. Lat.
41. 20. N. Pop. 4,937. Bp. see. This was
anciently a municipal town, and afterwards a
prefecture : it stood on the Appian way. At
the extremity of the town is an old castle, of
no great strength. Fondi stands in a plain,
surrounded on one side with hills, whence it
looks like an amphitheatre ; most of these hills
are covered with olive trees, and the whole
plain is interspersed with orange, lemon, and
other fruit trees, whose verdure forms a per
petual spring. The lake of Fondi, (an. Lacus
Fundanus, or Amyclanus, ) lies between the road
and the sea, and is a fine expanse of water.
Fondo, or Scoglio Fondo, small isl. in the gulf
of Venice, near the coast of Istria. Lon. 13. 40.
E. Lat. 45. 14. N.
Fong, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 45 NW. Pesu.

Fong, t. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 30 N. Oei.
Fong, X. China, of the second rank, in Hou-
quang; 675 SSW. Peking. Lon. 111. 22. E. Lat.
29. 38. N. >
Fong-chan, city, China, of foe third rank, in
the island of Formosa ; 26 S. Tay-ouan.
Fong-chang, t. Corea ; 1 1 S. Hoang-teheou.
Fong-hod, t. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 11 SSW. Ning-po.
Fong-hoa-tching, t. Chinese Tartary, on the
borders 'of Corea. Lon. 123. 42. E. Lat. 40.
31. N. It is large and commercial. The chief
manufacture is making paper of cotton, white
and transparent, which is used for windows in
stead of glass.
Fong-kieou, X. China, of the third rank, in
Honan ; 26 SSE. Oue-kiun.
Fong-sin, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
si ; 26 W. Nan-tchang.
Fong-tching, X. China, of the third rank, in
Pe-tche-li; 12 N. Kiang.
Fong-tchuen, X. Corea ; 57 WSW. Hoang-
tcheou. Fong-tchuen, t. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-tong ; 17 NW. Teking.
Fong-ten, t. Corea ; 24 NNW. King-ki-tao.
Fong-tsiang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chen-si, which takes its name from an imagina
ry bird, the figure of which the Chinese are
fond of wearing in their dress ; 558 S W . Peking.
Lon. 107. E. Lat. 34. 36. N.
Fong-yang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-nan ; 340 S. Peking. Lon. 117. E. Lat.
32. 52. N. It is situated on a mountain near the
Yellow river, and is the birth-place of the Em
peror Hong-vou ; who gave it its name, which,
in the language of the country, signifies the
Place of the Eagle's splendour.
Fonga, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 65 SE. Meaco.
Fonia, km. Africa, on the borders of the river
Gambia, near *he sea.
Fon-jun, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 20 SSE. Tsun-hoa. -
Fans, X. France, in Lot ; 4 NW. Figeac Lon.
2. 2. E. Lat. 44. 40. N. Pop; 1,006.
Fans Sonus, see Fossano.
Fonseca^ r. Mexico, which runs into Amapalla
bay, about 15 miles below Chuluteca.
Fonseca Bay, see Amapalla.
Fonsomme, X. France, Aisne, near the source
of the Somme ; 5 NE. St. Quentin.
Fonssay, X. France, in Vendee ; 6 NE. Fonte-
nay le Comte.
FontabeUe Fort, fort on W. coast of Barba
does ; 1 NNW. Bridgetown.
Fontaine, t. France, in Vendee ; 3 S. Fonte-
nay le Comte.
Fontaine, X. Canada, on SE. bank of lake St.
Pierre. Lon. 72. 40. W. Lat. 46. N.
Fontaine le Bourg, X. France, Lower-Seine ;
9 N. Rouen, 19 W. Gournay.
Fontaine le Dun, t. France, in Lower-Seine ;
9 E. Cany, 12 SW. Dieppe. Fop. 372.
Fontaine V Evique, X. Neth., Hainaut, between
the Sambre and the Meuse ; 3 W. Charleroy, 10
E. Mons. Pop. 2,468.
Fontaine Frangoise, X. France, in C6te-d' Or;
10 E. Is sur Tille, 10 WNW. Gray. Pop. 1,050.
Here Henry IV. gained a victory over the duke
of Mayenne, in 1595.

FON

601

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Fontaine Guerin, t. France, in Mayne-and-
Loire; 4 SSW. Bauge, 13 E. Angers. Pop. 1,016.
Fontaine sous Jouy, X. France, in Eure; 60
NE. Evreux.
Fontaine sur Somme, t. France, in Somme ; 5
SE. Abbeville.
Fontaine de Vaucluse, X. France, in Vaucluse ;
15 E. Avignon. It was once the residence of
Petrarch and Laura.
Fontaine6teo«,t.France,in Seine-and-Marne;
2 posts S Melun, 7£ SSE. Paris. Pop. 7,421.
It is celebrated for its magnificentpalace,the gen
eral autumnal residence of thekingsof France,
thus described by Cardinal Bentivo£lio :— ¦" Fon-
taiuebleau is a vast palace, worthy of as great
a prince as the king of France ; and though
there are many piles, joined to each other at
different times, without order or symmetry,
forming a confused mass of buildings of differ
ent architeeture, the confusion has, nevertheless,.
an air of surprising majesty and grandeur." It
contains 900 apartments. The forest of Fon-
tainebleau was anciently called tAe Forest of
Bierre, and contains 26,480 acres ; the figure
is round, and the town and chateau are in the
centre. Fontana, t. Switz., in Uri ; 18 N. Altdorf.
Fonlanella, X. Lombardy, in Bergamo, on the
Oglio ; 8 NE. Crema. Pop. 2,000.
Fontara Fora, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 14
SW. Salpe.
Fontandmora, t. Piedmont ; 18 ESE. Aosta.
Fonfanorosso, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra ;
14 NW. Conza.
Fontanelata, X. Parma ; 10 NW. Parma.
Fontanetto, X. Piedmont ; 4 W. Trino, 7 E.
Crescentino. Fontanges, X. France, in Cantal ; 10 NW. Mu
ral. H. 350.
Fontarabia, formerly Oscaso, X. Spain, in Gui
puscoa, on the frontiers of France, from which
it is separated only by the Bidassoa, which forms
a harbour at its mouth ; built in the form of an
amphitheatre, at the foot of the Pyrenees ; 15
SSE. Bayonne, 35 S. Pamplona. Lon. 1.47. W.
Lat. 43. 22. N. Pop. 2,100.
Fontello, X. Fortu'gal, in Beira; 4 NE. Lamego.
Fontenay, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 4
NW. Rosoy, 28 SE. Paris.
Fontenay le Comte, X. France, capital of ar-
rondissement,in La Vendee; situated in a fertile
valley, on the Vendee ; 34 posts NE. Niort, 13
SSE. Nantes, 56J SSW. Paris. Lon. 0. 24. W.
Lat 46. 30. N. Pop. 6,520. The principal com
merce of the inhabitants is in cloth, woollen
stuffs, and cattle, of which they sell a great
number at their 3 annual fairs.
Fontenay St. Pen, X. France, in Seine-and-
Oise ; 7 S. Magny.
Fontenoisle Chateau, t. France, in Vosges; 9
SE. Darney, 9. W. Plombieres. Pop. 1,429.
Fontenoy, v. Neth., in Hainaut ; 4 SE. Tour-
nay. Pop. 525. Near this town a battle was
fought between the French and the allies in
May 1745. The allied army left 12,000 on the
field of battle, and the loss of the French was
not much less.
Fontenoy, X. France, in Meurte ; 4 NE. Toul.
Fontenoy, t France, in Aisne, on the Aisne ;
5 W. Soissons.
Vol. L 76

Fontes, t. France, in Heranlt; 6 NW. Mon-
tagnac, 13 NE. Beziers.
Fontevraud, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire ;
6 E. Saumar, 10 N. Loudon. Pop. 1,467. Here
was a celebrated abbey, in the church of which
several of the kings and queens of England lie
buried. Fonlinelle, t. Walachia, on the Danube ; 18
E. Nicopoli.
Fontiveros, or Honliveros, t. Spain, in Old Cas
tile ; 10 NNW. Avila.
Fontivon, t. New Grenada ; 3 W. Santa Fe.
Fontvielle, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
4 NE. Aries.
Fooladoo, km. Africa, on the banks of the
Senegal, between the 6th and 9th deg. W. Lon.
and the 12th & 14th N. Lat. This is said to be
the original country of the Foulahs, but they
possess many other kingdoms at a great distance
from each other.
Foolchoky, t Bengal ; 15 NE. Maulda.
Fooliconda, X. Africa, in Yani, on N. side of
the Gambia ; 60 NW. Pisania. Lon. 14. 25. W.
Lat. 14. 3. N.
Foolamansea, X. Africa, in Fooladoo. Lon. 6.
2. W. Lat. 13. 10. N.
Foblparas, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 35 ENE. Dur-
bungah. Lon. 86. 41. E. Lat. 26. 19. N.
Foolpour, X. Hind. ; 16 NW. Benares.
Foota Jallo, country, in W. part of Africa,
situated chiefly between the sources of the
Gambia and the Rio Grande, about 350 m. from
E. to W. and 200 from N. to S. The climate is
good, the soil dry and stony ; about one third
of it very fertile, producing rice and maize. The
inhabitants are Mahometans considerably civil
ized, and have numerous mosques. Chief towns,
Teembo and Laby.
Footo Torra, countiy, Africa, between the
Senegal and Gambia, N. of Woolly, NW. of
Bondou. It is an extensive country, occupied
by Foulahs, but is little known.
Foolootia, one of the smaller Friendly islands ;
24 N. Annamooka.
Fora, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic,
Lon. 14. E. Lat 42. 26. N.
Foradada, small island in the Mediterranean,
near the island of Majorca, where the son of
the king of Aragon built a college for the pur
pose of instructing some Franciscan monks ia
the Arabic language, to convert the Moors.
Forandoy, r. Maracaybo, which flows into the
south side of lake Maracaybo.
Forba, X. Bav. ; 4 NE . Munchberg.
Forbach, X. France, in Moselle ; 7 NW. Sar-
guemines, 9 SE. Sar Louis. Pop. 1,900.
Forbaih, v. Baden, on the Murg ; 7 SSE. Ba
den. Pop. 700.
Forbes, X. Bohemia, Bechin ; 8 SE. Budweiss.
Forbe's Islands, three isls. in S. Pacific ocean,
about 15 miles from Bolt Head, a cape, on NE.
coast of New Holland. Lat 12. 25. S.
Forcado, or iJio de Forcados, r. Africa, which,
rises far inland to the NNE. with many wind
ings ; it is in most places 2 miles over, but only
deep enough for vessels which draw 7 or 8 feet
water. It runs into the Atlantic, 45 SSE. from
the Formosa, Lat. 6. N.
Forcalquier, X. France, principal place of a
district, in Lower- Alps, on the Lave ; formerly

FOR

602

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the capital of a considerable county, united to
Provence in 1193; 16 S. Sisteron,21 SW. Digne.
Lon. S. 51. E. Lat. 43. 57. N. Pop. 2,547.
Forcalqueiret, t. France, Var ; 5 S. Brignoll.
Forcas, X. Walachia; 3 N. Caracalla.
Force, (La,) X. France, in Dordogne, on the
Dordogne; 6W.Bergerac. Pop. 695. The chief
trade is in cattle, grain, and wine.
Forcellar, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 3 E.
Teramo. Forcheim, or Vorchheim, X. Bavaria, Regnitz,
on the Wisent; 12 S. Bamberg, 18 N. Nurem
berg. Lon. 11. E. Lat. 49. 43. N. Pop. 2,267. It
is a strong place.
Forcheim, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 NNE.
Lauterstein. Forchensee, lake, Bavaria ; 10 S. Traunstein.
Forchtenberg, X. Wurtemberg, on the Kocher ;
6 NNE. Ohringen. Pop. 1,006.
Forchstenstein, X. Stiria ; 3 S. Windisch Gratz.
Forckendorp, X. Bav. ; 4 SSW. Bayreuth.
Ford's Island, small island, Atlantic, near the
coast of S. C. Lon. 79. 5. W; Lat. 33. 14. N.
Fordcn,t.Bav.; 7 ESE. Weischenfeld.
Fordergersdorf X. Saxony, Erzgebirg ; 9 ENE.
Freyberg. Fordinbridge, X. Eng., in Hants, market on
Friday ; the chief manufacture is ticking ; 12 S.
Salisbury, 87 WSW. London. Pop. 2,259.
Fordingiano, (an. Forum Trajani,) X. Sardinia;
22 SE. Bosa.
Fordon, X. Pru. Posen, in Bromberg, on the
Vistula; 7 NE. Bromberg. Pop. 1,579.
Fordsand, small isl. Denmark, near the coast
of Sleswick, in the German ocean. Lon. 8. 35.
E. Lat 55. 1. N.
Fordwich, X. Eng., in Kent, on the Stour ; 4
NE. Canterbury, 60 E. London. Pop. 252. It
is a member of the town and port of' Sandwich,
and enjoys the same privileges as the Cinque
ports. Fore, see Fowre.
Foreland, (North,) promontory, Eng., on NE.
extremity of the coast of Kent, on which a
sea-mark has been erected by the corporation
of the Trinity house, in which lights are kept
burning every night ; 3 N. Ramsgate, 3 SE.
Margate. Lon. 1. 27. E. Lat. 51. 23. N.
Foreland, (South,) cape, Eng., on E. coast of
Kent, between Dover and Deal, with a light
house. Lon. 1. 22. E. Lat. 51. 8. N.
Foreland, (East,) cape on W. coast of N. A-
merica, E. side of Cook's inlet. Lon. 150. 41.
W. Lat. 60. 43. N.
Foreland, (North,) cape on W. coast of N.
America, and W. side of Cook's inlet, where
the Russians have a factory, with one large
house, about 50 feet long and 24 wide, in
wnich about 19 Russians reside. Lon. 150. 23.
W. Lat. 61. 4. N.
Foreland, (South,) cape on W. coast of N.
America, in Cook's river. Lon. 151. 20. W.
Lat. 60. 50. N.
Foreland, (West,) cape on W. coast of N.
America, on W. side of Cook's inlet Lon.
151. W. Lat 60. 42. N.
Forenza, X. Naples, in Basilicata ; 5 N. Acer
enza, 8 S. Venosa.
.Forest, (Black,) see Schwarzwald.
Forest-Hill, v. Eng., in Oxfordshire ; 3 miles |
from Oxford.

Forest Towns, name given to four towns in
the Schwarzwald, or Black Forest, on the front
iers of Switzerland, viz. Rheinfeld, Seckingen,
Laufenburg, and Waldshut They were ancient
domains of the house of Austria, but now be
long to Baden.
Forests isur Sevre, (La,) X. France, Two-
Sevres, on the Sevre-Nantoise ; 8 SW.Bressuire.
Forez, before the revolution a country of
France : it was a large and fertile valley, in
tersected with small rivers, which run into the
Loire. The principal towns were Montbrison
and Roanne. The soil is fertile, but the air is
not reckoned wholesome: it produces corn,
hemp, excellent wine, chesnuts, and other
fruits. In several places are mines of coal and
iron, and medicinal springs.
Forfar, county, Scot, see Angus.
Forfar, X. Scot, a royal burgh, and capital of
Angus; 23 NE. Perth, 40 SW. Aberdeen. Lon.
2. 55. W. Lat. 56. 37. N. Pop. 5,652. It has
a considerable linen manufacture. Near it is
a hollow, where formerly witches were burned
on being found guilty.
Forges, X. France, in Lower-Seine, celebrat
ed for its medicinal springs; 5J posts NE.
Rouen. Pop. 1,201.
Forbad, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 40 ESE.
Neisabour. Forhani, or Fokshiani, X. Eu. Turkey, in Wa
lachia; 16 N. Bucharest. Here the Austrians
and Russians gained a victory over the Turks
in 1789.
Fori, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 10 E. Seoda.
Forio, X. Naples, in the island of Ischia; 4 E.
Ischia. Pop. 7,385. It is well built.
Foriani, X. Corsica ; 4 S. Bastia.
Fork, p-v. Richland co. S. C. ; W. 531.
Forked Deer, p-v. Madison co. Ten. ; 198
Murfreesborough, W. 900.
Forked Deer River, r. Tennessee, which runs
into the Mississippi, Lon. 90. 21. W. Lat. 55.
22. N.
Forked Head, cape on S. coast of the island
of Cape Breton. Lon. 60. 4. W. Lat. 45. 42. N.
Fork's Oil Creek, p-v. Crawford co. Pa. ; W.
340. Fork Shoals, p-v. Greenville, S. C. ; W. 594.
Forken, X. Prussia ; 4 NE. Fischausen.
Forks, X. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,659.
Forlazzo, X. Naples, in Bari ; 1 1 SE. Teramo.
Forli, (an. Forum Livii,) X. Italy, in States of
the Church, capital of a delegation ; 14 SSW.
Ravenna, 33 SE. Bologna. Lon. 12. 1. E. Lat.
44. 13. N. Pop. 12,960. Bp. see. It contains
a cathedral, 9 churches, 23 convents, an acad
emy of sciences, and a university with a libraiy.
It is surrounded with strong walls and solid
towers, the flanks of which are tolerably good ;
the ditches are large, and defended with low
works. — Native, Morgagni.-^Pop. of foe dele
gation, 150,933.
Forlimpopoli, X. Italy, in Romagna; 2 N. Ber-
tinero. Pop. 5,806. This town was anciently
called Forum Populi, and was one of the fora
on the Via Emilia, where the Roman magis
trates kept their courts.
Formby, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 6 SW. Orms-
kirk. Pop. 1,101.
Formello, t. Popedom ; 10 NW. Rorae.

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603

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Formentera, (an. Pithynsa Minor,) small isl.
in the Mediterranean ; deserted on account of
the number of serpents on it ; separated from
Ivica by a narrow sea of only 4 miles. Lon. 1.
25. E. Lat. 38. 43. N. Pop. 1,500.
Formerie, X. France, in Oise ; 9 NW. Gerbe-
roy. Pop. 1,600.
Formichi, cluster of 10 small islands and
rocks in the Mediterranean, near the coast of
Italy, between Monte Christo and Pianosa, be
longing to Tuscany. Lon. 10. 25. E. Lat. 42.
40. N.
Formicola, X. Naples, in Lavora ; 6 E. Capua.
Formigales, t Spain, Aragon ; 10 SE. Ainsa.
Formigi, X. Italy ; 4 S. Modena.
Formignano, X. Urbino ; 7 Fossombrone.
Formigni, or Fourmigni, v. France, in Cal
vados ; near which the English were defeated,
in the year 1450 ; 7 W. Bayeux. Pop. 538.
Formigue, small rocky isl. near the French
coast, in the Mediterranean. Lon. 6. 18. E.
Lat. 43. 8. N.
Formigue, small isl. Mediterranean, near S.
coast of Morea. Lon. 21. 49. E. Lat. 36. 46. N.
Formoche, small isl. in the Grecian Archipel
ago ; 9 N. Patmos.
Formosa, isl. in the Chinese sea, separated
from Fo-kien, in China, by a strait about 60
miles where narrowest. The island is about
240 miles in length from N. to S., and 60 from
E. to W. in its broadest part ; but greatly con
tracted at each extremity. That part of For
mosa, which the Chinese possess, presents ex
tensive and fertile plains, watered by a great
number of rivulets that fall from the eastern
mountains. Its air is pure and wholesome, and
the earth produces in abundance corn, rice,
and the greater part of other grains. Most of
the Indian fruits are found here, such as orang
es, bananas, pine-apples, guavas, cocoa-nuts,
and part of those of Europe, particularly peach
es, apricots, figs, raisins, chesnuts, pomegran
ates, watermelons, fac Tobacco, sugar, pep
per, camphor, and cinnamon are also common.
The capital of Formosa is Tai-ouan, a name
which the Chinese give to the whole island.
Between Formosa and the continent are a
number of small islands, called Pong-hou by
the Chinese, and Piscadores by foe Europeans ;
they form a small archipelago ; the principal
of which only is inhabited by a Chinese garri
son, under the command of a mandarin. Lon.
120. to 122. E. Lat. 22. 5. to 25. 20. N.
Formosa, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Africa, about 6 miles long, and 1 wide. The
soil is fertile, and well covered with trees, but
wants springs of good water. Lon. 14. 20. W.
Lat. 11.29. N.
Formosa, or Benin, or Argon, r. Benin, which
rises in the interior, and runs into the Atlantic,
Lon. 5. 20. E. Lat. 5. 40. N. It is 4 miles wide
at its mouth, but has only 12 feet water. Its
origin, and upper part of its course, are un
known, and it is supposed by some to be the
termination of the Niger. For several leagues
up the river the land is low and marshy, but
the banks are adorned with lofty trees, and di
vided by branches of the river into a number of
islands, which renders it pleasant; but the air
is unwholesome, and the musquetoes innumer
able.

Formosa, r. Africa, which runs into foe Indian
sea, Lat. 34. 18. S.
Formosa, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic,- Lat. 3. 10. S.
Formosa, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 22.25. S.
Formosa, see Warang.
Formosa Bay, bay of the Indian sea, on the
coast of Africa. Lat. 2. 45. S.
Fornazzano, X. Italy ; 15 SSW. Faenza.
Fornello, X. Naples, Molise ; 17 W. Molise.
Fornello, r. which runs through the city of
Naples into the sea.
Foronovo, (an. Forum Novum,) X. Parma,
near which Charles VIII., king of France, ob
tained a victory over the princes of Italy, in
the year 1495 ; 8 WSW. Parma.
Foroman, X. Sumatra, near W. coast ; 150 S.
Acheen. Forrenbach, t. Bav. ; 5 ESE, Hersbach.
Forres, X. Scot, in Murray; 8 E. Nairn, 11
W. Elgin. Lon. 3. 22. W. Lat. 57. 36. N. Pop.
2,925. Near this town is an ancient pillar, 25
feet in height, carved with soldiers on horse
back and on foot, fac, called the Danish Pillar.
On a moor near this town is placed by Shak-
speare, Macbeth's conversation with the witches.
Forrester's Island, small isl. in the N. Pacifio
ocean ; 14 NW. from the SW. coast of the-
Prince of Wales's Archipelago. Lon. 226. 38.
E. Lat. 54. 50. N.
Fors, t. Sweden, in West Gothland; 17 SSE.
Uddevalla. Fors, X. Sweden, Jamtland ; 44 N. Sundswall.
Forse, i . Scot., in Caithness ; it runs into the
North sea, 6 W. Thurso.
Forst, X. Bav. ; 4 NNE. Neustatt.
Forsta, t. Pru. Lusatia, in Frankfort, on the
river Neisse ; 13 E. Cotbus, 54 NNE, Dresden.
Lon. 14. 40. E. Lat. 51. 43. N. Pop. 1,738.
Forsleck, see Sax.
Forstenove, X. Han., in Osnabruck ; 15 miles
from Osnabruck.
Forster's Bay, bay of the S. Atlantic ocean,
on the coast of Sandwich land, between South
Thulc and Cape Bristol.
Foster's Harbour, bay in Hudson's strait,
leading into Hudson's bay. Lon. 73. 30. W.
Lat. 62. 18. N.
Forsyth Academy, p-v. Putnam co. Georgia ;
28 Milledgeville, W. 703.
Fort Adams, fort fa p-v. Adams co. Mississip
pi, on E. bank of the Mississippi, just below
Loflus Heights; 60 S. Natches, W. 1,319.
Fort Amanda, military post, Ohio, near the
source of the Au-Glaize ; 49 N. by E. Green
ville, 129 N. Cincinnati.
Fort Amsterdam, fortress on the Gold Coast,
near Little Cormantin, where the English were
expelled by the Dutch in 1665.
Fort Ann, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. ; 10 N..
Sandy Hill, 60 N. Albany, W. 416. Pop. 2,911.
It contains several forges, and is celebrated for
immense quantities of mountain, ore, found in
the mountains in NW. part of the town. The
village stands at the head of batteau navigation
on Wood creek. Fort Ann, frequently men-.
tioned in the history" of the revolution, was in
this town. It is now in ruins.
Fort Augustus, tort, Scot., in the county of

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604

FOR

Inverness, situated at W. extremity of Loch
Ness ; 146 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 37. W. Lat.
67. 8. N. It consists of two bastions, with a
governor's house, and barracks for 400 men. In
1818, it was ordered to be dismantled.
Fort des Autels, fort, France, in Channel ; 4
NW. Cherburg.
Fort Badenslein, fort, belonging to the Dutch,
on the Gold Coast, now forsaken.
Fort Barnevelt, fort on S. coast of the island
of Bachain, where the Dutch have a garrison.
Fort Barrington, X. Georgia, on foe coast of
the Atlantic; 50 SSW. Savannah. Lon. 81. 55.
W. Lat. 31.30. N.
Fort Blount, or Williamsburg, p-v. Smith's co.
Tennessee, W. 711.
Fort Bourbon, X. Martinico, taken by the
British on the 23d of March, 1794.
Fort de Broto, fort on N. coast of Sicily ; 9
WNW. Pati.
Fort Brown, Ohio, 16 S. Fort Defiance.
Fort Carlos, fort on an island between foe
gulf of Venezuela and lake Maracaybo ; 20 N.
Maracaybo. Fort Chambly, see Chambly.
Fort Charlotte, fort on an island of Shetland,
or Mainland, first built by Oliver Cromwell, to
defend the town and harbour of Lerwick ; 1
NW. Lerwick.
Fort Chartres, fort, on E. side of the Mis
sissippi, in Indiana, 19 miles above Kaskas-
kia. Fort Chippeway, fort, America, on the river
Niagara, in which is a small garrison ; 10 miles
above Niagara or Newark.
Fort Chippeyan, fort, N. A. on lake Athapes-
cow. Lon. 110. W. Lat. 58. N.
Fort Christiansburg, fort, Africa, belonging to
the Danes, on foe Gold Coast.
Fort Churchill, fort and settlement on SW.
coast of Hudson's bay. Lon. 94. W. Lat. 58.
62. N.
Fort Claiborne, see Claiborne.
Fort Clark, Illinois, at south entrance of
lake Pioria or Illinois. Lon. 90. 36. W. Lat. 40.
40. N. It is situated in a tract of prairie coun
try, on a delightful site for a town.
Fort Covington, formerly French Mills, p-t.
Franklin co. N. Y., on Salmon creek, at the
head of boat navigation ; 235 N. Albany, W.
669. Pop. 979.
Fort Crawford, Conecuh co. Alabama ; 164
Cahawba, W. 1,057.
Fort Conde de la Mobile, Alabama, at N. ex
tremity of Mobile bay. Lon. 88. 2. W. Lat.
30. 34. N.
Fort Crevecozur, fort, Africa, on the Gold
coast- Fort Crevecaur, fort, on the coast of West
Florida, in St. Joseph's bay. Lon. 85. 30. W.
Lat 29. 51. N.
Fort Culonge, fort, Lower Canada, on foe
Utawas; 170 W. Montreal.
Fort Cumberland, fort, Nova Scotia, at the
bottom of the bay of Fundy ; 20 N. Halifax.
Fort Dale, Butler Co. Alabama ; 144 Cahaw
ba, W. 972.
Fori Dauphin, s-p. Hispaniola, on N. side of
the island, with a spacious harbour. Lon, 72.
40. W. Lat. 19. 42. N.

Fort Dauphin, fortress on SE. coast of Mad
agascar. Lon. 47. E. Lat. 25. S.
Fort Defiance, fort, Ohio, on the Maumee, at
the junction of the Au-GIaize, 50 SW. Fort
Meigs, 132 NW. Columbus, W. 531.
Fort Defiance, Wilkes co. N. C. ; W. 407.
Fort Delagarla, fort on the coast of Portugal ;
7 NNW. Viana.
Fort Dummer, see Hinsdale.
Fort Edward, p-t. Washington co. N. Y., on
E. bank of the Hudson ; 2 S. Sandy Hill, 16 S.
lake George, 47 N. Albany, W. 404. Pop. 1,613.
It is situated below the great bend in the Hud
son, and was formerly important as a point of
connexion between the river and the lakes
George and Champlain. The fort which gave
name to it is now entirely demolished. The
Northern canal, which forms a communication
between the Hudson and lake Champlain, ex
tends from this place to Whitehall, 22 miles
long. Fort de Estrica, fort, Portugal, Entre-Duero-
e-Minho ; 20 N. Braga.
Fort di Faro, fort and lighthouse, on NE.
coast of Sicily. Lon. 16. E. Lat 38. 15. N.
, Fort de Ferriires, fortress, France, in Tarn ;
10 W. La Caune, 10 E. Castres.
Fort Frederick Henry, fort, Brabant, at the
mouth of the Scheldt ; 10 NW. Antwerp.
Fort de Fuentes, fortress, Italy, at the place
where the Adda enters the lake of Como ; 21
N. Lecco, 30 N. Como. In 1796, it was des
troyed by the French.
Fort Galet, fortress on the coast of France ;
half a mile N. Cherburg.
Fort Gadsden, tort, Florida.
Fort George, regular fortification, Scot, in
Inverness-shire, on a point of land which pro
jects into the Frith of Murray ; 10 NE. Inver
ness. It is capable of containing 10,000 men,
with barracks for 3,000. It mounted 80 can
non, most of them 42 pounders.
Fort George, p-v. Warren co. N. Y., at S end
of lake George ; 59 N. Albany, W. 436.
Fort Gratiot, fort, Michigan, on the river St.
Clair ; 33 Mount Clemens. It is a little below
the mouth of lake Huron, defending its entrance.
Fort Grenville, fort, Drake co. Ohio, about
33 NW. Dayton. A treaty with the Indians
was concluded here in 1795.
Fort Hamilton, fort, in Butler co. Ohio, on
the Great Miami.
Fort Harrison, Indiana, on the Wabash, 68
by land above Vincennes, 120 by the river.
Fort De Hue, fort, France, in Channel; 3
NW. Cherburg.
Fort Howard, see Green Bay.
Fort Hommet, fort, France, in Channel ; 2
NW. Cherburg.
Fort Hawkins, Georgia, on the Oakmulgee ;
33 WSW. Milledgeville, W. 708.
Fort James, fort, Africa, on the Gold Coast.
Fort Jackson, Monroe co. Alabama, on the
Coosa ; 3 NE. of its junction with the Talla
poosa, 132 in a right line above the confluence
of the Alabama with the Tombigbee, and about
264 by the river ; 134 Cahawba, W. 899.
Fori Jefferson, fort, Miami co. Ohio ; 5 S. by
W. Fort Greenville.
Fort Jennings, Ohio ; 18 S. Fort Amanda.

FOR

605

FOR

Fort Independence, fort, on Castle island, in
Boston harbour. See Castle Island.
Fort Island, isl. S. A. in the Essequibo ; 15
miles from its mouth.
Fort Knox, Indiana, on White river. Lon. 85.
10. W. Lat. 39. 37 N.
Fort Lessa, fort, on W. coast of Portugal ; 6
NW. Oporto.
Fort Leydsaamheyde, fort, belonging to foe
X>utch, on the Gold Coast.
Fort Longlet, fort on the coast of France,
near Cherburg.
Fort Louis, or Fort Vauban, X. fa fortress,
France, in Lower Rhine, built by Louis XIV.
on an island formed by the Rhine. It is now
called Fort Vauban; 12 E. Haguenau, 18 NNE.
Strasburg. Pop. 1,182.
Fort Louis, fort, Senegal, built by the French.
In 1758, it was taken by the English.
Fort Louis, fort on S. coast of Hispaniola.
Fort Marlborough, see Bencoolen.
Fort Massac, fort, fa p-v. Randolph co. Illinois,
on the Ohio ; 38 miles from the Mississippi, W.
872. Fort Meigs, military post, Logan co. Ohio,
on the Maumee, at the lower rapids, a few
miles from the mouth of the river; 36 NW.
Fort Stephenson, 70 S. Detroit, W. 622. Here
is a post office.
Fort Miami, fort, Ohio, on the Maumee. Lon.
84. 56. W. Lat. 41. 20. N.
Fort Martina, see Fort de St. Martina.
Fort Medoc, fort, France, on the river Ga
ronne, opposite Blaye.
Fort Miller, p-v. in Argyle, N. Y., on the
Hudson ; W. 394.
Fort Miro, see Monroe.
Fart Mitchell, Georgia, Creek Indians ; 223 S.
Milledgeville, W. 799.
Fort Montgomery, Clark co. Alabama, near
the Alabama, about 12 ENE. Fort Stoddart ;
128 Cahawba, W. 1,044.
Fort Mirabouc, fort, Piedmont ; 10 W. Pine-
rolo. )
Fort Moose, fort, situated at the S. end of St.
James' bay, in Hudson's bay, at the mouth of
Moose river.
Fort Nassau, fortress, Brabant, on the Scheldt,
between Tolen and Berg op Zoom.
Fort Nassau, fortress, Africa, on the coast of
Guinea, with a good harbour.
Fort Nassau, tort on N. coast of foe island of
Timor. Fort Nassau, fort on the island of Cadsand.
Fort Nassau, fort on the Berbice, in Deinera-
ry, S. America.
Fort Nieulet, fortress, France, near Calais
and the sea, to guard the sluices.
Fort Omonville, fort, France, on N. coast of
Channel ; 8 WNW. Cherburg. Lon. 1. 44. W.
Lat. 49. 43. N.
Fort Osage, Missouri, on the Missouri, 330
miles above its mouth ; 285 St. Louis, W. 1,184.
Fort Oswegatchie, fort, Upper Canada, on S.
side of the river St. Lawrence ; 60 NE. lake
Ontario. Fort Patience, fortress, Flanders, on the coast
opposite Zealand, between Sas de Ghent and
Ysendick. Fort Penthievre, fort, France, in Morbihan,

on the peninsula of Quiberon ; 9 SW. Auray,
15 SE. L'Orient. Lon. 3. 3. E. Lat. 47. 33. N.
Fort Petite Coquilles, fort, Louisiana, on lake
Pontchartrain, at the outlet of the Rigolets. It
is a very important post.
Fort Philippe, fortress, France, in North ; 2
miles from Gravelines.
Fort Pickering, fort, Tennessee, on the Mis
sissippi, at the Chickasaw Bluff.
Fort Plain, p-v. in Minden, Montgomery co.
N. Y. ; 55 Albany, W. 422.
Fort Portage, Ohio ; 18 S. Fort Meigs.
Fort Portage, fort, Upper Canada, on the
river Utawas ; 120 W. Montreal.
Fort do Porto de Com, fort on W. coast of
Portugal, on the coast of the Atlantic ; 6 NNW.
Viana. Fort da Posta, fort on W. coast of Portugal,
near the Atlantic ; 5 N. Viana.
Fort de Povoa, fort, Portugal, Entre-Duero-
e-Minho ; 1 N. Villa de Conde.
Fort Queen, fort, Barbadoes ; 1 N. Hole
Town. Fort du Quesne, see Pittsburg.
Fort Querqueville, fort, France, in Channel ;
3 NW. Cherburg.
Fort Recovery, fort, Ohio, on a branch of the
Wabash ; 23 N. Greenville.
Fort do Rego de Foz, fort on W. coast of Por
tugal, near the Atlantic ; 2 NW. Viana.
Fort Royal, fort, Africa, originally built by
the Danes, and called Frederickburg. It now
belongs to the English.
Fort Royal, s-p. Martinico, on S. coast. Lon.
61. W. Lat. 14. 34. N. Pop. about 10,000. The
streets are regular and the houses handsome.
The harbour is good, and is defended by a cit
adel. Fort Royal, fort, built by the French, in Mar
tinico, on W. coast of the island.
Fort Royal, or St. George, X. W. coast of the
island of Grenada, and capital of the island.
Lon. 61.32. W. Lat. 12. 4. N.
Fort St. Anthony, fort, Africa, on the Gold
Coast, in the country of Axim, belonging to the
Dutch. Fort St. Catalina, fort, Portugal, in Beira ; 2
S. Villa Nova de Moncarras.
Fort St. Clair, Preble co. Ohio ; J of a mile
from Eaton.
Fort St. David, or Tegapatam, fortress, Hind.,
on the coast of Coromandel, situated on a
branch of the river Panaur ; 1 N. Cuddalore.
About 4 miles from the fort is a celebrated In
dian fig-tree, under the shadow of which it is
supposed 10,000 persons may stand without in
convenience. Fort St. Donas, fortress, Flanders, built by
the Spaniards, between Dam and Sluys.
Fort St. Jerom, fort, Hispaniola, near St. Do
mingo. Fort St. George, see Madras.
Fort St. Joseph, see Gallam.
Fort St. Juan, fort, New Mexico, New Leon,
on the del Norte. Lon. 101. W. Lat. 29. N.
Fort St. Julian, fort, Portugal, situated on N.
side of the mouth of the Tagus ; 9 miles below
Lisbon. Fort St. Julien, fort, Egypt, on the left branch
of the Nile, between Rosetta and the sea, .

FOR

606

FOR

Fort St. Lucar, fort, Brazil, at the mouth of
the river Jaguaripe. Lat. 4. 2. S.
Fort de St. Martino, fortress, Tuscany, on a
mountain near the river Sieve ; ION. Florence.
Fort St. Martin de RA, fortress, France, in the
island of Re, near the town of St. Martin.
Fort St. Mary's, Ohio, near the sources of St.
Mary's river, 23 N. Fort Loramie.
Fort St. Mary, fort, Louisiana, on E. side of
the Mississippi ; 6 SE. New Orleans.
Fort St. Mary, fortress, on E. coast of the isl
and of Guadaloupe.
Fort St. Mary, fortress, Genoa, on a rock
nearly surrounded by the sea.
Fort St. Michel, fortress, Spain, in Estrama
dura, near Badajoz.
Fort St. Michel, fort, France, on the Meuse,
opposite Venlo.
Fort St. Nicolas, fortress, Dalmatia, near the
town of Sebenico.
Fort St. Philip, fort, Plaquemine co. Louisia
na, W. 1,355. It is situated at the Plaquemine
bend on E. side of the Mississippi, 30 miles
above Fort Balize, and is an important post.
Fort St. Philip, fortress, Minorca, situated on
a rock near the coast, to defend Port Mahon.
Fort SI. Philip, fortress, of the island of Ter
cera, near the town of Angra.
Fort St. Stephens, see St. Stephens.
Fort de St. Tiago, fort, Portugal, on the coast
of the Atlantic, in Entre-Duero-e-Minho ; . 7
NNW. Viana.
Fort St. Yago, X. S. America ; 10 N. Cumana.
Fort Sastingue, fortress, Flanders, on foe
Scheldt, between Hulst and Berg op Zoom.
Fort Scott, fort, Georgia, on Flint river, sev
eral miles above its union with the Chatahoo-
chee. Lon. 84. 38. W. Lat. 30. 43. N.
Fort Schloper, fort, Upper Canada, near the
falls of Niagara.
Fort Seneca, Seneca, co. Ohio ; 93 Columbus,
W. 482.
Fort Slanwix, fort, N. Y., in Rome, built in
1758 by the British, at the expense of $256,400
and rebuilt from a heap of ruins in the revo
lutionary war, and named Fort Schuyler. Its
ruins are now to be seen near the village of
Rome between the waters of the Mohawk and
Wood creek.
Fort Stephenson, military post, Ohio, on W.
side of the Sandusky, at the settlement of
Lower Sandusky, IS miles from the mouth of
the river.
Fort Sloddart, p-v. fa fort, Baldwin co. Ala
bama, on W. side of the Mobile, 44 miles above
its entrance into Mobile bay; 168 Cahawba,
W. 1,036.
Fort Tete, fort fa t. Africa, in Mocaranga, on
the Zambese. Lon. 33. 3. E. Lat. 16. 5. S.
Fort Trinite, fort, on W. coast of Martinico,
Fort Vauban, see Fort Louis.
Fort de Vercheres, fort, Canada. In 1690, this
fort was attacked by the Iroquois Indians, and
principally defended by a French lady, of the
name of Vercheres.
Fort Victoria, see Bancout.
Fort Urbino, fortress, Italy ; 13 E. Bologna,
Fort Wayne, fort, Knox co. Indiana, at the
point where St. Mary's and St. Joseph's unite
to form the Maumee. 175Indianopolis, W. 572.

Fort Wedenburg, t. Africa, on the Gold coast.
Fort Wentworth, fort, New Hampshire, on
the Connecticut. Lon. 71. 32. W. Lat.44.32.N.
Fort William, fort, Scot, in the county of In
verness. It is situated on the south side of Loch
Eil, in a plain almost level with the sea, sur
rounded with mountains that were once cover
ed with woods, and from which many streams
run into the lake. A post-office was established
at Fort- William in 1764; 130 N. Edinburgh.
Lon. 5. 6. W. Lat. 56. 48. N.
Fort William, see Calcutta.
Fort William Htnry, fort, Pa,, at the foot of
the Blue Mountains ; 24 NW. Reading.
Fortevenlura, or Fuerte- Ventura, one of the
Canary islands, about 50 miles in length, and
from 8. to 24 broad. The soil is, in general, fer
tile in corn, roots, and fruits, and beautifully
diversified with hills and valleys, well watered
and supplied with a variety of timber. The
principal towns are La Villa, in the centre of
the island, and Olivia, near the northern ex
tremity; besides which, there are on the east
coast three sea-ports, called Langla, Terrafata,
and Pozzo Negro ; there are several villages.
The climate of this island and Lancerotta is
exceedingly wholesome. Lon. 14. 32. W. Lat.
28. 4. N. Pop. 8,600, or 9,000.
Fortesque Bay, bay, South America, in the
straits of Magellan. Lon. 73. 22. W. Lat. 53.
39. S.
Fortessa, isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon. 14.
48. E. Lat. 44. 40. N.
Forleviot, parish, Scot., in Perthshire, on the
right bank of the river Erne ; once the residence
of the kings : the supposed spot is now called
Haly-hill ; 4 S. Perth. Pop. 835.
Forlh,r. Scot, and the largest in Great Britain.
It rises on N. side of the mountain of Ben Lo
mond, and runs into the German ocean by a
broad mouth, called the Frith of Forth, about
20 m. below Edinburgh. The tide flows up a
mile above Stirling bridge, between 70 and 80
miles from the ocean. Length 200 miles.
Forth, mt. Ireland, Wexford, 2 N. Wexford.
Fortified Island, isl. in the Indian sea, about a
mile in circ It is stony by nature, and was for
tified by art at a great expense : the only land
ing-place is at the gateway, which is defended
by strong works. It is about a mile from the
coast of Malabar, opposite Onore. Lon. 74. 14.E.
Lat. 14. 15. N.
Fortore, (an. Fronto,) r. Naples, which runs
into the Adriatic, 2 E. Civita a Mare.
Fortrose, X. Scot., in Ross, on the Frith of
Murray, which is here only a mile broad ; 6 SW.
Cromarty, 10 NE. Inverness. Lon. 4. 5. W. Lat.
57. 34. N. Pop. 650. There is a regular ferry
from Fortrose to Fort George.
Fortune Bay, bay on S. coast of Newfound
land ; 20 NW. Placentia bay.
Fortune Island, or Good Fortune Island, small
isl. in the Indian sea, near SW. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 90. 25. E. Lat. 1. 35. S.
Fortune Island, small island in foe E. Indian
sea, near N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 123. 48. E.
Lat. 0. 50. N.
Fortune, (Islands of) two small islands and
rocks, near W. coast of Kergiielen's land. Lon.
68. 15. E. Lat. 49. 21. S.-

FOT

607

FOU

Forum Alieni, now Ferrara.
Forum Claudii, now Carinola.
Forum Comelii, now Imola.
Forum Fulvii, now Valenza.
Forum Julii, now Frejus.
Forum Livii, now Forti, & Friuli,
Forum Novum, now Foronovo.
Forum Populi, now Forlimpopoli.
Forum Segusianorum, now Feurs.
Forum Sempronii, now Fossombrone.
Forum Trajani, now Fordingiano.
Forza de Agro, X. Sicily, in the valley of De
mona; 20 S. Messina. Pop. about 1,000.
Forza St. Leonardo, X. Naples, in the Abruzzo
Citra ; 6 ESE. Valva.
Forzheim, see Pforzheim.
Fos diNovo, t. Tuscany; 4 E. Sarzana.
Foscagno, X. Italy, Bormio ; 8 NNW. Bormio.
Foscoli, see Monte Foscoli.
Foseno, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat 60. 45. N.
Fosey, X. Bengal ; 20 SSE. Mahmudpour.
Foss, or Fosse, r. Eng., which runs into the
Ouse, near York.
Fossa, t. Italy ; 3 N. Mirandola.
Fossa JVuot'a, v. Popedom ; 2 S. Piperno. It
is on the ruins of the ancient Apph Forum ; with
a Cistertian abbey. In this abbey died tbe cele
brated Thomas Aquinas, as he was on his jour
ney to Lyons.
Fossaglio, X. Italy ; 5 N. Cremona.
Fossano, X. Piedmont, on the Stura ; 5 E. Sa-
vigliano, 7 SW. Cherasco. Pop. 14,000. It is
celebrated for its springs, and on that account
called Fans Sonus, corrupted into Fossano ;
surrounded with walls in 1236, and erected into
a bishopric. Besides the cathedral, it contains
3 parish churches, and 3 convents.
Fossat, (Le,) X. France, in Arriege ; 21 W.
Mirepoix, 21. N. Tarascon. Pop. 789.
Fosse, X. Neth., in Namur, on the Fuette; 7 W.
Namur. Pop. 1,923.
Fosseret, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 7 W.
Rieux. Fosseta, X. Italy, Treviso ; 12 ESE. Trevigio.
Fossombrone, t. Popedom, in Urbino, on the
Metro ; 10 SE. Urbino,' HON. Rome. Lon. 12.
44 E. Lat 43. 42. N. Pop. 3,500. Bp. see. It
was built out of the ruins of the ancient Forum
Sempronii, which was destroyed by the Goths
and Lombards.
Fossum, t. Norway, Aggerhuus ; 23 W. Chris
tiania. Fosia, t. Sweden, in Smaland ; 21 E. Upsal.
Fostat, or Old Cairo, X. Egypt, built on the
site of foe ancient Mesr, and- so named because
Amru Beri Hi pitched his tent here when he
besieged Babylon, the word in Arabic signifying
a tent. It is between Cairo and the Nile. It is
much reduced from its ancient grandeur, but is
still a considerable town, about 2 m. in circuit,
and containing 12 churches, and the famous
magazine, called Joseph's Granary.
Foster, p-t. Providence co. R. I. ; 15 W. Provi
dence, W. 4. 23. Pop. 2,900. Here are several
cotton manufactories. •
Foster's Ferry, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. ; W. 204.
Foiheringay,p-v. Montgomery co. Va. W. 288.
Fotheringay, v. Eng., in Northamptonshire ;
2 N. Oundle, 86 N. London. Pop. 307. Here

are the remains of a castle in which King Richr
ard III. was born ; and Mary, queen of Scots,
after being imprisoned during 18 years, was be
headed in 1586. It was afterwards destroyed by
order of James I.
Fortipet, X. Hind., Bednore ; 5 ENE. Bednore.
Fou, X. China, of the second rank, Chen-si ;
420 SW. Peking. Lon. 108. 44. E. Lat. 26. 5. N.
Foua, see Faoua.
Fou-an, X. Corea ; 35 WNW. Confou.
Fou-chan, X. China, of the third rank, Chang-
tong; 25 SE. Teng-tcheou.
Foucarmont, X. France, Lower-Seine ; 19 SE.
Dieppe, 9 NE. Neufchatel. Pop. 500.
Fouchendge, or Foushenge, X. Persia, in Chora
san ; 25 N. Herat. Lon. 76. 29. E. Lat. 34. 50.
N. In 1380, it was strongly fortified, when it
was taken and plundered by Timur Bee
Fouchun, X. China, of the third rank, in Se*
tchuen ; 30 NW. Tche-li-leou.
Foueray, X. France, in Upper Saone ; 6 N.
Vesoul, Pop. 1,300.
Fouesnant, X. France, Finisterre ; 7 S. Quim-
per, 7 SW. Rosporden. Pop. 2,573.
Fou-fong, X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
tong ; 22 ESE. Fong-tsiang.
Foug, X. France, in Meurte, fortified in 1218;
4 W. Toul, 6 NNE. Vaucouliers. Pop. 1,044.
Fougeray, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 6 S.
Bain, 13 E.Redon. Pop. 4,193.
Fougeres, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Ille-and-Vilaine; 24 NE- Rennes.
Lon 1. 8. W. Lat. 48. 21. N. Pop. 7,297.
Fougerolle I'Eglise, t. France, Upper-SaOne ;
4 N. Luxueil, 4 S. Plombieres.
Fougerolles, X. France, in Mayenne ; 10 N.
Ernee, 15 NW. Mayenne. Pop. 1,814.
Fouillouse, (La,) X. France, in Loire; 5 NW.
St. Etienne. H. 230.
Fomn, country, Africa, N. of Ardra.
Fou-keou, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 30 ENE. Hiu.
Fou-kiang, t. China, of the third rank, Quang-
tong; 20 WNW. Tsin.
Fou-ko, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 65 NNE. Kia.
Foul Bay, bay on NE. coast of Barbadoes.
Foul Bay, bay on S. coast, near E. extremity
of Jamaica. Lon. 75. 56. W. Lat. 17. 54. N.
Foul Bay, bay on S. coast of Java. Lon. 113.
45. E. Lat. 8, 38. S.
Foul Island, small island in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Cochin-china. Lon. 108. 53.
E. Lat. 11.37. N.
Foul Island, small isl. in the bay of Bengal,
near the coast of Ava. Lon. 94. 11. E. Lat. 18.
12. N.
Foul Island, see Foula.
Foul Islands, cluster of small islands in the E.
Indian sea, near N. coast of the island of Flores.
Lon. 121. 22. E. Lat. 8. 9. S.
Foul Point, cape, on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lon. 49. 50. E. Lat. 17. 40. S.
Foul Point, cape, on N. coast of New Guinea.
Lon. 132. 36. E. Lat. 0.46. S.
Foul Sound, strait, between the islands of
Inishire and Inismain, on W. coast of Ireland.
Foula, or Fowla, one of the Shetland islands,
about 6 miles in circumference; supposed to.
to be the Ultima Thule of the ancients; \&
WSW. Shetland. Lon. 2. 17. W. Lat. 60. 8. N.

FOU

60S

FOX

Foulange sur Yonne, t. France, in Yonne ;
6 N. Clamecy, 15 S. Auxerre.
Foulaon, X. Africa, in Adra.
Foulahs, (Kingdom of) or Fouli, or Fuily,
or Pholey, country, Africa, situated on the sides
ofthe river Senegal, extending 480 miles from
E. to W. ; the boundaries from N.to S. are un
known. The eapital is Goumel. The country
is populous, the soil fertile, and capable of fur
nishing an advantageous commerce. The Fou
lahs are a race of negroes widely diffused
throughout Western Africa. Their complexion
is black, mixed with olive; they have a thin
face, small high features, with an agreeable ex
pression, and long, soft, silky hair ; of middle
size, graceful and manly form, and polished, in
sinuating air. They are Mahometans, and speak
a language of their own, though Arabic is the
only written one. Thay are very peaceable,
friendly, and hospitable. Their principal king
doms are Foota Jallo, Brooko, Bondou, Foota
Torra, Seratic, Masina, and Wassela.
Foulkstown, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio ; W.
291. Foulness, isl. with a church village, separated
by a narrow channel, or arm of the German
ocean, from the main land of England, and,
SW. part of the county of Essex; about 12
miles in circumference; 6E. Rochford.
Foulou-sousou, X. Chinese Tartary, on the
Saghalien ; 9 NW. Telden.
Foulsham, X. Eng., in Norfolk, with a market
on Tuesday; 11 N. Dereham, 111 NNE. Lon
don. Lon. 1. E. Lat. 52.47. N. Pop. 682.
Fou-ming, t. China, ofthe third rank, in Yun
nan ; 15 NNW. Yun-nan.
Fou-nhing, X. China, of the second rank, in
Fo-kien ; 175 SSE. Peking. Lon. 119. 49. E.
Lat. 26. 54. N.
Fou-nim, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li; 20 E. Yong-ping.
Fou^pim, X. China, in Pe-tche-li; 63 W. Pao-
ting. Fou-pin, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 12 SE. Yao.
Four, rock m the English channel, near S.
coast of the island of Jersey.
Four Brothers, four small islands in the E.
Indian sea. Lon. 115. 22. E. Lat. 6. 54. S.
Four Comers, p-v. in Mexico, Oswego co.
N. Y. ; 14 miles from Rotterdam, W. 452.
Four Corners, p-v. Lincoln co. Maine ; W.635.
Four Evangelists, see Evangelists.
Four Islands, cluster of small islands in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 155. 36. E. Lat. 4. 50. S.
Four Keys, small islands in the bay of Hon
duras. Lon. 87. 55. W. Lat. 17. 12. N.
Four Keys Reef, rocks in the bay of Hondu
ras. Lon. 87. 55. W. Lat. 17. 30. N.
Four Mile Water, r. Ireland, which runs into
Dunmannus bay, 5 SW. Bantry.
Four Mile Branch, p-v. Barnwell district, S.
C. ; W. 600.
Four Mile Creek, r. Va., which runs into the.
Potowmac, Lon. 77. 13. W. Lat. 38. 56. N.
Four Saddle Island, isl. in the Mergui Archi
pelago, about 6 miles in circumference, separ
ated by Aldersey's straits, from S. extremity of
the island of St. Susanna. Lat. 10. 27. N.
Fourca, X. Africa, in Hoval; 35 W. Ender.

Fources, t. France, in Gers; 6 WNW. Con
dom, 13 N. Montreal.
Fourche, (La,) see La-Fourche.
Fourche, r. N. America, which runs into lake
Michigan, Lon. 86. 38. W. Lat. 44. 31. N.
Fourches, chain of mountains in Switz., at
E. extremity of the Valais : here the Rh6ne
rises. Fourdan Hotun, t. Corea ; 653 ENE. Peking.
Lon. 131. 20. E. Lat. 42. 51. N.
Fourmenliers, X. France, in Mayenne ; 3 NE.
Chateau Gontier. H.230.
Fournels, t. France, in Lozere; 7 W. St.
Chely d'Apcher.
Fournis, X. Samos ; 2 NE. Carlovassi.
Fourno, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 104
WSW. Satalia.
Fourquevaux, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ;
10 S. Toulouse.
Fouseret, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 6
W. Rieux, 27 SW. Toulouse. Pop. 1,407.
Fou-icheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Fo-kien ; 870 S. Peking. Lon. 119. 4 E. Lat.
26. 4. N. It is one of the most considerable in
the province, on account of its trade, the num
ber of learned men, and the convenience of
its rivers and harbour. It is the residence of a
viceroy. Fou-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-si, formerly one of the most beautiful
cities of China, but almost ruined by the inva
sion of the Tartars ; 735 S. Peking. Lon. 116.
0. E. Lat. 27. 55. N.
Fou-lching-y, X. China, in Kiang-nan ; 17 NE.
Liu-tcheou. Fou-tchuen, t. China, in Chan-si ; 35 ENE.
Ping-lo. Fou-tsing, X. China, of the third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 17 SSE. Fou-tcheou.
Fouvent la Ville, X. France, in Upper-Saone ;
6 NE. Champlitte ; 13 SW. Jussey.
Fou-yang, t. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang ; 31 NNE. Yen-tcheou.
Fouyu, t. Corea ; 16 N. Hetsin.
Fowey, or Fawey, or Foy, s-p. Eng., in Corn
wall ; 26 W. Plymouth, 32 ENE. Falmouth,
240 WSW. London. Lon. 4. 38. W. Lat. 50.
19. N. Pop. 1,319. It is situated at the mouth
of a river of the same name, near the English
channel, with a commodious and safe harbour.
It sends 2 members to parliament.
Fowey, or Fawey, (an. Vividin,) r. Eng., in
Cornwall, which rises 4 SE. Camelford, and
runs into the English channel, a little below
the town of Fowey.
Fowler, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., about 35
S. Ogdenshurg. Pop 605.
Fowler, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 410.
Fowre, or Fore, v. Ireland, in Westmeath ;
10 N. Mullingar, 40 NW. Dublin. It was once
a place of note.
Fox, X. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 264.
Fox, X. Peru ; 9 E. Lipes.
Fox Creek, r. which rises in Albany co. N.Y.,
and runs into the Schoharie, in the town of
Schoharie.* Length, 17 miles.
Fox Indians, N. A., on the Mississippi and
Ouisconsin. No. 1,750. These Indians possess
very rich lead mines on the west bank of the
Mississippi. The district commences at the

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6Q9

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mouth of Maquanquitons river, 60 miles below
Prairie du Chien, and extending 7 leagues
along the river, and 3 in breadth. The Fox
village of Kettle chief is situated on the bank of
the river, and contains about 250 inhabitants.
The principal mines are situated in a tract 1
league square, commencing at this village. The
ore yields the same per cent of metal as that
of Missouri. The mining operations were for
merly carried on by Dubuque, and the mines
named Dubuque's Lead Mines, but the ore is
now dug only by the Fox Indians.
Fox Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland; 7
E. SlymeHead.
Fox Islands, in the centre of Penobscot bay,
Maine. They contain about 10,000 acres, and
constitute the township of Vinalhaven.
Fox Islands, see Aleutian Islands.
Fox Islands, cluster of small islands on S..
side of the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 69. 10.
W. Lat. .61. N.
Fox River, r. which runs into foe Wabash, 15
miles above its mouth.
Fox River, r. Canada, which runs into the
gulf of St. Lawrence, 9 NNW. Cape Rosieres.
Fox River, r. Canada, which runs info lake
Michigan, Lon. 87. 20. W. Lat. 48. 30. N.
Fox River, r. NW. Territory, U. S., which
flows easterly; passes through lakes Pushaway
and Winnebago, and runs into S. end of Green
bay, at Fort Howard. It is connected with the
Ouisconsin by a portage of 1 J miles. The port
age is over a low prairie, which is sometimes
overflown, and passable with boats. Though
there are some obstructions for about 20 miles
above the mouth, yet boats ascend throughout
to the portage, 180 miles. The river is 400
yards wide at its mouth
Foxborough, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 26 SSW.
Boston, W. 435. Lon. 71. 18. W. Lat 42. 5. N.
Pop. 1,004.
Foxcraft, p-t Penobscot co. Maine; 82 NNW.
Castine; W. 710. Pop. 211.
Foxerna, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 24
N. Gottenburg.
Fouford, X. Ireland, in Mayo, on the Moy;
12 NNE. Castlebar.
Foyle, r. Ireland, which passes by London
derry, and 4 uiiles below expands itself into a
large bay, called Lough Foyle ; 12 miles long
and 7 broad.
Foyn's Island, isl. Ireland, in the Shannon ;
21 miles below Limerick.
Foz, X. Portugal, in Alentejo, at the conflux
Of the Zatas and the Tagus ; 24 NE. Lisbon.
Foz, X. France, in Var ; 4 NE. Barjols.
Fos, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, cor
rupted probably from Fossa Mariana, a new
canal made from the RhAne, by Marius, the
Roman consul ; 5 WNW. Martigues.
Foze Rock, rock in the Atlantic, at the en
trance of Dingle bay, on W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 15.32 W. Lat. 52. 1. N.
Fozzano, X. Corsica ; 4 N. Sarsano.
Frades, (Dos,) r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lat. 17. S.
Fraga, (an.Ftoiio Gallica,) t Spain, in Ara
gon, on the frontiers of Catalonia; 30 S. Bal
bastro, 53 ESE. Saragossa. Lon. 0. 17. E. Lat.
41. 27. N. Pop. 1,800. It is situated on a sharp
Vol. J. 77

rock near the Cinca ; near which Alphonso 11
king of Aragon, lost a battle and his life, in the
year 1134.
Fragnino, X. Naples, in Principato, Ultra ; 8
N. Benevento.
Fragnilello, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra ;
6 N. Benevento.
Fragoade St. Pedro, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 13
SSW. Lamego.
Fragoas, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 6 NW.
Santaren. Fragola, X. Naples; 7 NNE. Naples. Top.
including its districts, 12,700.
Frails, rocks on S. coast of the county of
Wexford, in Ireland ; 12 SW. Carnsore point.
Lon. 6. 34. W. Lat. 52. 6. N.
Fralem Muerto, X. Buenos-Ayres ; 300 NNW.
Buenos-Ayres. Frain, or Wranow, t. Moravia, in Znaym,
with a citadel ; 12 WNW. Znaym. Pop. 794.
Fraise, t. France, in Vosges ; 6 S. St. Diey„
10 E. Bruyeres. Fop. 1,700.
Frakmont, X. Switz., in Uri.
Frambant sur Pisse, X. France, in Mayenne ;
9 WNW. Lassay.
Framecourt, X. France, in Straits of Calais ;
4 S. St. Pol.
Framingham, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 22
WSW. Boston, W. 415. Pop. in 1810, 1,670 ;
in 1820, 2,037. It contains an academy, a pa
per mill, and a cotton manufactory.
Framiingham, X. Eng., in Suffolk; 18 NE.
Ipswich, 87 NNE. London. Pop. 1,854.
Framont, mt. France, one of the highest parts
ofthe Vosges ; about 15 from Molsheim.
Frampen, X. Pru. Pomerelia; 12 S. Dantzic.
Frampton, or Frometon, X. Eng., in Dorset
shire, on the river Frome ; 6 WNW. Dorches
ter, 126 WSW. London.
Framaise, (Le,) X. France, in Tarn-and-Ga-
ronne ; 11 N. by W. Montauban. Pop. 3,200.
Francastel, X. France, Oise ; 6 SW. Breteuil.
Francavilla, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 15 ENE.
Tarento, 20 W. Brindisi. Pop. 11,101. It is
large and regularly built ; the streets wide and
straight; the houses showy, though in a heavy
style of architecture. Since the year 1734,
when a considerable part of the town was
thrown down by an earthquake, the inhabit
ants are so afraid of another visitation, that
they dare not raise their dwellings more than
one story above the ground floor. The main
street is handsome. The avenues to the gates,
are well planted, and afford a pleasant shade.
The inhabitants subsist by the sale pf oil and
cotton, of which last they make very fine
stockings. A great quantity of tobacco is raised
in the lordship.
Francavilla, X. Naples, in the Basilicata ; 15
SW. Tursi.
Francavilla, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 13
WSW. Squillace.
Francavilla, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra- 4
NE Cassano..
Franca Villa, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ¦ 9
NE. Civita di Chieti. '
Francavilla, X. Sicily, in the valley of Demo
na ; 12 WNW. Taormina. Lon. 15 20 F
Lat. 17. 54. N. *
Francavilla, X. Genoa; 6 S. Novi.

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FRANCE, countiy, Europe, bounded NW.
by the English channel, NE. by the Nether
lands, E. by Germany and Switzerland, SE. by
Savoy and Piedmont, S. by the Mediterranean
and the Pyrenees, which divide it from Spain,
and W. by the bay of Biscay. It lies between
Lon. 4. 30. W. and 7. 40. E. and between Lat.
42. 20., and 51. N.; 650 long, from E. to W.,
500 broad, from N. to S. It contains, exclusive
of Corsica, according to Chaptal, 128,000,000
English acres, equal to 200,000 sq. m. ; accord
ing to the National Assembly, 26,463 square
leagues, 25 leagues to a degree ; equal to
204,500 sq. m. ; according to Le Sur, 27,490
sq. leagues, equal to 212,442 sq.m.; and ac
cording to Malte Brun, including Corsica and
other islands in Europe, 215,700. sq. m.
Possessions. The limits of France are nearly
the same now as before the revolution. Avig
non and Venaissin, which before that event, be
longed to foe pope, now make a part of it, and
Corsica forms one of the departments. The
foreign possessions of France are not very im
portant; consisting, in the West Indies, of Gua-
daloupe, Martinico, and Marie Galante ; in S.
America, of Cayenne ; in Asia, of Pondicherry,
Karikal, and Chandernagore ; in Africa, of the
isle of Bourbon, Goree, and factories at the
mouth of the Senegal and in Barbary.
Divisions. Before the revolution France was
divided into 32 great provinces; it is now, in
cluding Corsica, divided into 86 departments,
each department being divided into arrondisse-
ments or districts, each arrondissement into
cantons, and each canton into communes. —
Number of each — Departments, 86; arron-
dissements, 368 ; cantons, 2,669 ; communes,
38,990. The following table exhibits a view of the
provinces and departments, with the popula
tion and chief towns.
An. Prov. Departments. Pop. Chief towns.
Flanders North 889,890 Lille
Artois Pas de Calais 580,457 Arras
Picardy Somme 495,05S Ameins
Lower Seine 642,94S Rouen
Calvados 505,420 Caen
Normandy < La Manche 583,429 Coutances
Orne
Eure
' Seine

Isle of
France

Champagne '

Lorraine <
Alsace

Brittany <

425,920 Alencon
421,581 Evreux
780,000 Paris
Seine fa Oise 439,972 Versailles
Oise 383,500 Beauvais
Seine Marne 304,068 Melun
Aisne 442,989 Laon
f Marne 311,037 Chalons
Ardennes 275,792 Mezieres
Aube 238,819 Troyes
Upper Marne 237,785 Chaumont
" Meuse 284,703 Bar Ornain
Moselle 385,949 Metz
Meurthe 365,810 Nancy
Vosges 334.169 Epinal
S Upper Rhine 318^577 Colmar
I Lower Rhine 391,642 Strasburg
IllefaVilaine 508,544 Rennes
CotesduNe-rd 519,620 St. Brieux
Finisterre 452,895 Quimper
Morbiban 403,423 Vannes
Lower Loire 407,900 Nantes

An. Prov.
Maine AnjouTouraine
OrleanoisBerryNivernois

Departments. Pop. Chief towns.
, Mayenne 332,250 Laval
; Sarthe 410,380 Le Mans
MainefaLoire 403,864 Angers
Indre fa Loire 275,292 Tours
' Loiret 286,153 Orleans
Eure fa Loire 265,996 Chartres
1 Loir fa Cher 212,652 Blois
Indre 204,721 Chateauroux
Cher 228,158 Bourges
Nievre 241 ,520 Nevers
f Yonne 325,994 Auxerre

Burgundy j C"te d0r

Franche Comte

Saone&Loire 471,457 Macon
[ Ain 304,468 Bourg.Bresse
( Upper Saone 300,156 Vesoul

240,792 Besancon
292,882 LonsSaunier
268,786 Bourbon Ven.
254,105 Niort
253,048 Poitiers
226,224 Gueret
Upper Vienne 243,195 Limoges
Correze 254,271 Tulle
Burbonnois Allier' 260,266 Moulins
AngtZ*' \ Charente 326,885 Angouleme
Aunis and ? L charente 393,011 Rochelle
Puyde Dome 548,834 Clermont
251,436 Aurillac

PoitouLaMarcheLimousin

<J Doubs
( Jura
( Vender
2 Two Sevres
( Vienne
' Creuse1

Saintonge
Auvergne j Canta, Rhone

T . S Rhone
Lyonnois J hoke
I Isere
Dauphiny < Upper Alps
( Drome Dordogne

Gironde

347,381 Lyons
315,858 Montbrison
471,660 Grenoble
124,763 Gap
253,372 Valence
424,113 Perigueux
614,562 Bourdeaux
Lot Garonne 326,150 Agen
Lot 268,150 Cahors
Guyenne i TaniGaroune 238,722 Montauban
Aveiron 331,373 Rhodez
Gers 286,493 Auch
Landes 235,550 Mont Marsan
U. Pyrenees 198,763 Tarbe
L. Pyrenees 383,502 Pau
Arriege 222,936 Foix
E. Pyrenees 126,625 Perpignan
U.Garonne 367,551 Toulouse
Aude 240,993 Carcassonne
Tarn 295,885 Alby
Herault 301,099 Montpellier
Gard 322,144 Nimes
Lozere 143,247 Mende
Upper Loire 268,202 Le Puy
Ardeche , 290,833 Privas
Lower Alps
Mouths of

Beam
Co'tyofFoix
Roussillon

Languedoc

Provence

the Rhone
Var
County of VVauc,use
Venaissin )
Corsica Corsica
Population. In 1791, France, .... 26,363,074.
In 1807, French empire under Bonaparte.
France,  26,775,397

146,994 Digne
293,235 Marseilles
283,296 Draguinan
205,832 Avignon
147,702 Ajaccio

Netherlands, 
Savoy and Italian states,
German territories, . .
Holland, annexed in 1810,
Total, .

4,144,055 3,487,481 3,655,987 1,868,416
38,419,403

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611

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Population of France, with the French for
eign possessions, in 1820, according to Malte-
Brun. —
France, with the islands in Europe, 29,217,465
Martinico, Guadaloupe, part of ' St.
Domingo, fac  658,000
St. Pierre and Miquelon, isls. N. A. .. 2,000
Cayenne, or French Guiana, S. A. . 33,500
Bourbon isle, Senegal, Goree, and fac
tories on the coast of Barbary, . . 92,000
Pondicherry, Mahe, Karikal, and Chan-
dernagore,  50,000
Total,  ,30,052,965
The inhabitants, according to their race or
descent, are distributed as follows :— .
French inhabitants about . 25,400,000
German,  . 2,800,000
Kimri, or Low Breton, . . . 900,000
Italian,  190,000
Basque,  108,000
Number of the different religions in the fol
lowing proportions : —
Catholics about  26,000,000
Calvinists,  2,300,000
Lutherans,  1,100,000
Jews,  60,000
Quakers,  2,550
Moravians,  2,000
The annual number of births is as 1 to 25 ;
of deaths as 1 to 30 ; and of marriages, as 1 to
110. Of the births, in 1780, every 47th was
illegitimate; every 11th throughout France,
and every 3d or 4th in the city of Paris were
stated, a few years since, to be illegitimate. —
In 1817, births, 944,571, of which 63,591 were
out of wedlock; marriages, 205,804; deaths,
742,933. In 1818, births 914,351, males 440,802,
females, 414,124; births out of wedlock, 59,425;
marriages, 212,987 ; deaths, 743,642. In 1820,
births 990,907; deaths 786,338 ; excess 203,685.
Government. The government, since 1814,
is a limited monarchy, resembling that of Great
Britain, but females are excluded from the
throne. The responsibility of public measures
rests with the ministry. The cabinet consists
of a keeper of the seals, the ministers of foreign
affairs, of finance, of police, of war, of the na
vy and colonies, of foe home department, and
finally of the head of the king's household. The
parliament is composed, 1st, of a chamber of
peers, consisting of upwards of 200 members, pos
sessing privileges similar to those of the peerage
of Great Britain, the dignity being hereditary ;
2dly, of a house of commons, or chamber of
deputies, elected by the people ; whose num
ber cannot be less than 256. No person can
be an elector without paying an annual tax of
•£12, or a deputy without paying £40 a
year. Rivers. The great rivers are the Loire, the
Rhone, Garonne, Seine, and the Rhine. Other
rivers are the Somme, Adour, Var, Moselle,
Isere, Marne, Meuse, fac.
Climate. The climate is generally very fine,
warmer, drier, and less changeable than that of
England. In the north it resembles that of

England ; in foe south the heat is intense, and
crops are often blighted by droughts.
Face of the country. France is mostly an
open champaign countiy, agreeably diversified
by hill and dale. In the north it is very level.
The mountains are found chiefly towards the
eastern and southern parts. The .largest are
Jura, Vosges, Cevennes, Puy de Dome, Can
tal, Pyrenees, and Alps.
Soil. The soil is generally fertile, yet sub
ject to many inequalities. Large tracts in
Brittany, Anjou, and Gascony are unfit for cul
tivation. Productions. The productions in the north
ern half of the kingdom consist of wheat, bar
ley, oats, pulse, and potatoes ; in the southern
half, of vines, mulberries, olives, and corn,
particularly maize. There are mines of iron,
lead, copper, and silver.
Religion. The, established religion is the_
Roman Catholic, but all others are tolerated.
Before the revolution there were 19 archbish
oprics, 121 bishoprics, 34,498 parishes, and
7,774 monasteries, abbeys, and convents. There
are now 9 archbishoprics, viz. Paris, Besancon,
Lyons, Aix, Toulouse, Bourdeaux, Bourges,
Tours, and Rouen ; and 41 bishoprics. — The
number of the clergy, together with their in
come, was stated, in 1821, as follows. —
No. Francs.
Cardinals, . . . . 3 . . . 90,000
B[stp?ops: • . :4ii ¦ ¦ • 91%<™
Catholic clergy, 40,500 .... 22,283,000
Calvinist pastors, 183 )
Lutheran pastors, 174 }

485,000

Education. Before the revolution there were
23 universities in France ; in that grand con
vulsion, education was suspended, but its es
tablishments have since been reinstated in a
different form. The lycies, now called royal
colleges, are 36 in number. The name of uni
versity is now confined to Paris, but the pro
vincial establishments, bearing the name of
academies, are constituted like the universities
of other countries. These, including Paris, are
26 in number, and belong to the following
towns. —
Aix Cahors Metz Pau
Amiens Clermont Montpellier Poitiers
Angers Dijon Nancy Rennes
Besancon Douay Nismes Rouen
Bourdeaux Grenoble Orleans Strasburg
Bourges Limoges Paris Toulouse
Caen Lyons
The Protestants have two seminaries for
studying divinity, at Strasburg and Montauban.
Return made in 1815 of the public semina
ries and number of pupils throughout France.
Seminaries. Pupils.
Universities 26 6 329
Lycees or royal colleges 36 9000
Divinity schools of the 2d class 41 5,233
Secondary schools 368 28000
Boarding schools 1,255 39 623
Primary schools 22,300 737,379
The French excel in chemistry, mathema
tics, astronomy, and belles lettres. Literary
associations are very numerous, at the head of

FRA

612

FRA

which stands the Institute in Paris, foe most
celebrated scientific body in the world. Every
provincial town of consequence has its public
library, a museum, and in general a society for
promoting literature and the arts. There are
273 such libraries in France ; of which 193
contain 3,345,287 volumes; of these 1,125,347
are in Paris.
Language. The French language is derived
from the Latin. It is esteemed of all languages
the most polished, the best adapted to conver
sation, and the most generally diffused among
the nations of Europe.
Army and Navy. The French army under
Bonaparte, was composed, in time of peace, of
upwards of 400,000, and in time of war of
nearly 600,000 effective men ; in 1818, of only
about 90,000. The navy consisted, in 1817, of
6S vessels ofthe line, 38 frigates, and 271 cor
vettes and smaller vessels.
Revenue. The revenue, in 1819, amounted
to 891,435,000 francs; the expenditure to
874,595,975 francs.
Trade. The French navigation, since the
loss of St. Domingo, is not extensive. The
principal commercial ports are Marseilles,
Bourdeaux, Nantes, Havre de Grace, St. Ma-
loes, Bayonne, Rochelle, and Rochefort. Brest,
Toulon, and Cherburg are the chief naval sta
tions. The exports consist of silks, woollens,
linens, wines, brandy, fac. There is very little
paper money, almost all the business being
transacted in gold and silver.
Manufactures. The French have been long
noted for their silks, linen, and woollens. Some
of the chief manufacturing towns are Lyons,
Rouen, Lille, Valenciennes, Strasburg, Tours,
Abbeville, Cambray and Angouleme.
Agriculture. ' The revolution had the effect
of dividing landed property into a multitude of
petty possessors. One half of the population is
now stated to be composed of landed proprie
tors, great and small. Sheep are numerous ;
poultry very abundant ; horses in proportion to
horned cattle as 1 to 5. The following state
ment is from La Borde, in 1818. —
Employed in agriculture, . . . 17,500,000
manufactures, . 6,200,000
various  4,000,000
indigent, ..... 800,000
Annual produce of agriculture, £140,000,000
manufactures, 38,000,000
France is computed to contain upwards of
128,000,000 English acres ; the following liable
to taxation. — Acres. Rents.
Arable land, 56,600,000 . £24,007,640
Land in underwood, 12,656,790 . 2,938,520
Meadow land, 8,612,345 . 7,390,400
Pasture land, . 8,703,703 . 1,812,800
Vineyards, . . 4,881,481 . 3,442,560
Forest lands, 1,135,800 . 201,520

Total rent of land,  £40,864,920
The remainder is either wholly uncultivated,
or so little productive, as not to be subject to
taxation. France, (Isle of) part of France, so called
before foe revolution, being bounded by the
rivers Seine, Marne, Oise, Aisne, and Ourque.

Paris was the capital, and situated in the centre.
France, (Isle of) see Mauritius.
Francescas, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
9 SW. Agen. Pop. 1,353.
Francesses; small isl. near the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 20, 12. S.
FrancestoWn, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 12
NW. Amherst, W. 496. Pop. 1,479. It is a con
siderable town, and contains two valuable qua-
ries of soap stone.
Francfort, see Frankfort.
Franche- Comti, or Upper Burgundy, before
the revolution a province of France, and an
ciently a part of the kingdom of Burgundy.
Almost one half of the countiy is level, abound
ing in grain, wine, pasture, hemp, fac, the rest
is mountainous, but breeds excellent cattle, and
produces some corn and wine. It is now divid
ed into the three departments of. Jura, Doubs,
and Upper Saone.
Francheville, X. France, in Eure, on the Iton ;
6 NW. Verneuil H. 310.
Franchimonl, X. Neth., with a small country,
between Limburg and Luxemburg, to which
the title of marquis was annexed ; 13 SE. Liegei
Francia, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 8 NE.
Nicotera. Francisco de Prado, X. Brazil ; 80 SE. Pauxis.
Francisville, v. in Plymouth, N. Y.
Franckenau, fac. see Fronkenau, fac.
Frankocci, X. Spoleto ; 7 WNW. Spoleto.
Frangois, X. Canada, on E. coast of lake St.
Pierre. Lon. 72. 36; W. Lat. 46. 5. N.
Frangois, see Cape Frangois.
Frangoise, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 20. 15. N.
Frangoise, (La,) X. France, in Lot; 7 NW.
Montauban, 19 SSW. Cahors. Lon. 1. 20. E.
Lat. 44. 7. N. Pop. 3,203.
Francoli, r. Spain, which runs into the sea,
near Tarragon, in Catalonia.
Francalino, X. Italy ; 8 NE. Ferrara.
Franconia, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 28 NE.
Haverhill, W. 538. Pop. 373. There are two
manufactories of iron in this town. The New
Hampshire Iron Factory Company was incor
porated in 1805, and is an extensive establish
ment The works are situated in the northwest
part of the town, on the S. branch of the Low- '
er Ammonoosuc, and consist of a blast furnace,
smelting, when in blast, from 12 to 15 tons of
iron in a week, which is run into pig iron, potash
kettles, stoves, solid castings, and hollow ware ;
a steel furnace, an air furnace, a forge capable
of manufacturing from 150 to 200 tons of bar
iron a year ; and a trip hammer shop. The
quantity of ore is inexhaustible; it is account
ed the richest in the United States, and has
yielded in the blast furnace, for 12 weeks, 62
per cent of metal, and one week, 70 per cent.
— The Haverhill and Franconia iron works
consist of a blast furnace, forge, and trip-ham
mer shop.
Franconia, X. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 847.
Franconia, one of the late 9 circles, Ger.,
bounded N. by Meissen and Thuringia, E. by
Bohemia, and the Upper Palatinate, S. by Ba
varia, and Swabia, and W. by the Lower Pala
tinate and foe electorate of Mentz. It is situat
ed near the centre of Germany, the form incljn-

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ed to a circle, whose diameter is about 150
miles. In the centre the land is fertile in corn,
wine, fruit, fac. ; but foe frontiers are full of
forests and mountains, and little cultivated.
The principal river is. the Maine. The states
which composed this circle were the bishoprics
of Wurzburg, Bamberg, and Aichstadt ; the prin
cipalities of Anspach, Bayreuth, Hohenlohe,
and Limburg ; and the counties of Schwarzen-
burg, Wertheim, Erbach, and Henneberg. The
inhabitants are Lutherans, who are most nu
merous, Catholics, Calvinists, some Jews, fac.
Sq. m. 11,000. Pop. about 1,500,000.
Franconville, t France; 10 N. Paris. Pop.
1,082. Francoso, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 22 E. Viseu.
Frane, X. France, JDoubs ; 7 SW. Pontarlier.
Franeker, X. Neth., in Friesland ; 5 E. Harlin-
gen, 9 W. Lewarden. Lon. 5. 28. E. Lat. 63.
11. N. Pop. 3,841. It is situated in Westergoo,
in the canton of Franekeradeel, to which it
gives name; "it is watered by two canals, navi
gable for harges, and has a castle, .built in the
loth century, where the governors ofthe coun
try sometimes resided. It had a celebrated uni
versity, established in 1585, but after the French
revolution, it was converted into an athenajum
or provincial academy, and has 3 curators, 8
professors, and a library. It is one of the neat
est towns in Friesland, and the ordinary resi
dence ofthe noblesse ofthe country.
Frani, X. Italy ; 8 SW. Breno.
Frankenau, X. Bav., on the Berge ; 12 N. Din-
kelsbuhl. Pop. 1,155.
Frankenburg, X. Hesse Cassel ; 16 N. Mar
burg, 29 SW. Cassel. Pop. 2,681.
Frankenmark, X. Austria ; 8 SW. Voglabruck.
Frankenau, t. Hesse Cassel ; 24 SW. Cassel,
30 SSW. Waldeck. Pop. 785.
„ Franlcenberg, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, on foe
Tschopa ; 7 NNE. Chemnitz, 9 W. Freyberg.
Lon. 12. 59. E. Lat. 50. 50. N. Pop. 3,039: This
is a place of great antiquity, and was fortified
against the Saxons, by Charlemagne.
Frankenburg, X. Austria ; 6 WSW . Voglabruck.
Frankendal, X. Bavaria, circle ofthe Rhine, sit
uated in a fertile plain, on a navigable canal,
which communicates with the Rhine ; 8 NNW.
Manheim, 8 S. Worms. Pop. 3,459. The inhab
itants are engaged in manufactures of porcelain,
cloth, serges, silk, stuffs, stockings, soap, fac.
It contains 3 churches, a handsome hospital,
and a gymnasium.
Frankenfels, X. Austria, on the river Noders-
pach; 20 WSW. Hainfelden, 36 W. Vienna.
Frunkenhausen, X. Germany, in Schwartzburg-
Rudolstadt, divided into Old and New Town,
situated on a branch of the Wipper ; 10 E. Son-
dershausen. 26 N. Erfurt Lon. 11. 10. E. Lat.
51 16. N. Pop. 2,931. It contains a chateau, 3
churches, and a school with 6 teachers, for
merly a Cistertian convent ; with rich salt
works. — Native, Zacharia.
Frunkenhausen, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg.; 8
NNW. Zwickau.
Frankenlieim, X. Ger. ; 14 W. Meinungen.
Frankenstein, X. Silesia, Munsterburg, on the
Bautze; 9 W. Munsterburg, 12 SSW. Glatz.
Lon. 16. 42. E. Lat. 51. 25. N. Pop. 4,119.
Frankenstein, X. Hesse ; 5 SE, Darmstadt.

Frankenstein, t. Bav. ; 20 SE. Deux Ponts.
Frankenwinheim, t. Bavaria ; 4 SW. Geroltz-
hofen. Frankerau, X. Prussia ; 10 S. Heilsbcrg.
Frankford, X. Sussex co. N. J., bordering 0*1
Newtown. Pop. 2,008.
Frankford, t. Cumberland co.Pa. Pop. 1,274.
Frankford, bor. Philadelphia co. Pa., on W.
side of foe JJelaware ; 5 NE. Philadelphia, W.
142, Lon. 76. 7. W. Lat. 40. N. Pop. 1,405. It
has an elevated and pleasant situation. Here
is the Friend's Asylum, an establishment for the
accommodation of persons deprived Of the use
of reason, belonging to an association of the so
ciety of Friends ; and conducted on a mildsyst
tem of restorative treatment, so successfully
pursued at the " Retreat," near York, Eng,
The building is 260 feet in front.
Frankford, p-t. Hampshire co. Va., on Pat
terson's creek ; 12 NW. Winchester, 15 N.
Romney, W. 119.
Frankfort, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on W.
side ofthe Penobscot; 12 S. by W. Bangor, 26
NNW. Castine, 240 NE. Boston, W. 676. Pop.
in 1810, 1,493 ; in 1820, 2,129. It is situated at
the head of winter navigation, and comprises
various local advantages for a commercial
town. Frankfort, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y., on S. side
of the Mohawk, opposite to Schuyler, W. 39S.
Pop. 1,860.
Frankfort, p-v. Beaver co. Pa., W. 260.
Frankfort, p-v. Greenbriar co. Va. ; W. 261.
Frankfort, X. Guernsey co. Ohio; 15 E. Cam
bridge. Franlefort, p-t. fa metropolis of Kentucky, in
Franklin co., on Kentucky river, 60 miles above
its confluence with the Ohio, 22 WNW. Lex
ington, 52 E. Lduisville, W. 565. Lon. 84. 40.
W. Lat. 38. 14. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,099; in
1820, 1,679. It contains a state house, a court
house, a penitentiary, a jail, a market house, a
state bank, an academy, 2 houses of public
worship, and 3 printing offices, from each of
which is issued a newspaper. The state house
is built of rough marble, 86 feet by 54. The
town contains several rope walks, 2 bagging
manufactories, a tobacco ware house, and pow
der mills.
^The site of the town is a semicircular alluvial
plain, 200 feet lower than the ground in its rear.
The river which is here 100 yards wide, having
bold limestone banks, forms a handsome curve,
and waters the southern and western parts of
the town. The bottoms on both sides of the
river are very broad, and are subject to inun
dation.. For several years after the settlements
commenced, the inhabitants were afflicted with
bilious complaints ; but the low situations have
been rendered healthy by draining. Several
large brigs have been built here and sent to
New Orleans.
Frankfort, p-t. fe cap. Franklin co. Illinois.
Frankfort on the Maine, (an. Helenopolis;) free
city, Germany, in the Upper Rhine, on the
Maine, 20 miles above its influx into the Rhine ;
20 ENE. Mentz, 50 SE. Cologne, 160 WSW.
Leipsic, 160 S. Bremen. Lon. 8. 36. E. Lat 50
7. N: Pop. in 1817, 60,000, of whom about
9 OOQ are Jews. Frankfort is one ofthe 4 free

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cities of Germany, and is the permanent seat of
the Germanic diet It is divided by the Maine
into 2 parts, Frankfort Proper, much, the larger
part, on the north bank, and Sachsenhausen on
the south ; and the two are connected by a
stone bridge with 14 arches. The principal
streets are wide, and there are 3 spacious
squares, which add greatly to the beauty of the
town. The best houses are built of red or
white stone, and many of them are splendid
edifices ; but the greater part of the houses are
constructed of timber, lath, and plaster, in the
antique form, having the upper stories project
ing over the lower, but they are kept in good
repair, and have afresh appearance. The city
was formerly fortified, but most of its out-Works
are now converted into gardens and promen
ades. It contains 9 Catholic churches, 7 Lu
theran, 2 Reformed, 2 synagogues, several hos
pitals, a Lutheran gymnasium with 13 teachers,
a Catholic gymnasium with 10 teachers, an
anatomical theatre, a botanic garden, and a
public library of 100,000 volumes.
Frankfort is one of the principal trading
towns in Germany ; its commercial activity is
aided by the navigation of the Rhine and
Maine, and by two great'annual fairs in spring
and autumn. It was formerly the great mart of
German literature, a distinction now given to
Leipsic.'; but it is still the seat of extensive
bookselling and printing business. It is a great
thorough fare, the principal roads of Germany
passing in this direction, and is celebrated for
its excellent inns. It was formerly one of the
Hanse towns. — The kings of the Franks resid
ed here, likewise the immediate successors of
Charlemagne ; and the emperors of Germany
were elected, and usually crowned here. — Na
tives, Sclosser, Klinger, andiGoethe.
The territory belonging to Frankfort is plea
sant, fertile, and well cultivated, and contains
several villages and a great number of countiy
seats, having 106 sq. m. and 73,400 inhabitants.
The established religion is Lutheran.
Frankfort, gov. Pru., in Brandenburg, divid
ed into 17 circles, viz. Frankfort, Arenswalde,
Friedburg, Soldin, Konigsberg, Custrin, Lands-
berg, Sternberg, Zullichau, Crossen, Lebus,
Guben, Sorau, Lubben, Luckau, Kalau,Sprem-
berg-Hoyerswerda, and Cotbus. Pop. 524,891.
Sq. m. 6,742.
Frankfort on the Oder, X. Pru. Brandenburg,
capital of the government and circle of Frank
fort; on the Oder ; 12 SSW. Custrin, 48 E. Ber
lin. Lon. 14. 33. E. Lat.52. 22. N. Pop. 11,969.
H. 1,355. It is without walls, but the bridge
across the Oder is defended by a fort, and the
town is tolerably well built, and has consider
able trade, and 3 annual fairs. It is connected
with the North sea by Muhlrose canal, and the
number of boats and barges employed on the
Oder and canal, is stated at 2,000. Frankfort
contains 5 Lutheran churches, I Reformed, 1
Catholic, 1 synagogue, 3 hospitals, a Lutheran
gymnasium, and a Reformed school or college.
Here was a Reformed university, founded in
1506, which had, in 1802, 180 students; but
several years since it was united with that of
Breslau, and the buildings converted into a
military magazine. — Native, Albjnus.

Frankland's Islands, cluster of islands on NE.
coast of New Holland, in the S. P. Ocean, about
6 miles from the land. Lon. 146 E. Lat. 17.
12. S.
Franklin, co. NW. part of Vt, bounded N. by
Canada, E. by Orleans co., S. by Chittenden
co., and W. by lake Champlain. Pop.. in 1810,
16,427 ; in 1820, 17,192. Chief town, St Al.
bans. Franklin, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 45 NW. Mont
pelier, W. 541. Pop. 631.
Franklin, co. NW. part of Mass., bounded N.
by Vermont and New-Hampshire, E. by Wor
cester co., S. by Hampshire co., and W. by
Berkshire co. Pop. in 1810, 27,201 ; in 1820,
29,268. Chief town, Greenfield.
Franklin, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 26 SW.
Boston, W. 430. Pop. 1,630.
Franklin, p-t New-London co. Ct., on W.
side of the Shetucket ; 6 N. Norwich, W. 370.
Pop. 1,161.
Franklin, co. N. part N. Y., bounded N. by
Canada, E. by Clinton and Essex cos., S. by
Essex and Hamilton cos., and W. by St. Law
rence co. Pop. in 1810, 2,717; in 1820, 4,439.
Chief town, Malone.
Franklin, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y., on the Sus
quehanna, N. of Delhi ; W. 346. Pop. 2,481.
Franklin, X. Somerset co. N. J., Pop. 3,071.
Franklin, X. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,968.
Franklin, t Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 1,137.
Franklin, co. S. part of Pa., bounded NE. by
Cumberland co., E. by Adams co., S. by Mary
land, and W. by Bedford and Mifflin cos. Pop.
in 1810, 23,083; in 1820, 31,892. Chief town,
Chambersbuig. Franklin, X. York co. Pa. Pop. 973.
Franklin, X. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,456.
Franklin, p-t. fa cap. Venango co. Pa., at the
junction of French Creek with the Alleghany i
25 SE. Meadville, 63 N. Pittsburg, W. 287. Pop.
252. The celebrated Oil Springs are 11 NE. of
this town. They rise from the bed of Oil creek,
and by the side of them many oblong pits have
been dug, from the bottom of which the Seneca
oil, or petroleum oozes and floats on the sur
face of the water. Fifteen barrels have been
taken in one season from a single pit. It is of
a very penetrating nature ; much esteemed for
its efficacy in rheumatic complaints, and burns
well in lamps.
Franklin, X. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,405.
Franklin, X. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 870.
Franklin, X. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,749.
Franklin, X. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 297..
Franklin, X. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop.1,757.
Franklin, co. S. part of Va., bounded NW. by
Botetourt co., NE. by Bedford co., E. by Pitt
sylvania co., S. by Henry and Patrick cos., and
W. by Montgomery co. Pop. in 1810, 10,724 ;
slaves, 2,672. Pop. in 1820, 12,017. .Chief town,
Rocky Mount.
Franklin, p-t. Pendleton co. Va., on S. branch
of the Potomac ; 35 SW. Moorfields, 55 N. Bath,
W. 190.
Franklin, X. Russell co. Va. ; 20 WNW. Ab
ingdon. Franklin, co. N. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
10,166; slaves, 5,330. Pop. in 1820,9,741. Chief
town, Louisburg.

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Franklin co. NW. part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 10,815; slaves, 1,659. Pop. in 1820,9,040.
Chief town, Carnesville.
Franklin CO. central part of Ohio. Pop. 10,292.
Chief towns, Franklinton and Columbus.
Franklin, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, on the Great
Miami ; 10 NW. Lebanon, 34 N. by E. Cincin
nati, W. 496.
Franklin, X. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 348.
Franklin, X. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 340.
Franklin, X. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,871.
Franklin, X. Columbiana co. Ohio. Fop. 620.
Franklin, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 345.
Franklin, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 636.
Franklin, X. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 713.
Franklin, X. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 360.
Franklin, X. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 503.
Franklin, t. Warren co Ohio. Pop. 2,090.
Franklin, X. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 462.
Franklin, co. N. part of Ken. Pop. in 1810,
8,013; slaves, 1,201. Pop. in 1820, 11,024.
Chief town, Frankfort.
Franklin, co. West-Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
5,730; in 1820, 16,571. Chief town, Winches
ter. Franklin, p-t. fa cap. Williamson co. Ten., on
theHarpath; 17 SSW. Nashville, W. 745. Pop.
in 1818, about 1,500. It is a pleasant town, and
one of the largest and most flourishing in the
state. It contains the county buildings, a bank,
and a printing office, where a weekly newspa
per is published.
Franklin, co. SE. part of Indiana. P. 10,763.
Chief town, Brookville.
Franklin, co. Illinois. Pop.1,763. Chieftown,
Frankfort. Franklin, co. Alabama. Pop. 4,988. Chief
town, Russellville.
Franklin, co. Mississippi. Pop. 8,821.
Franklin, co. Missouri. Pop. 3,379. Chief
town, Newport.
Franklin, p-t. and cap. Howard co. Missouri,
on N. bank of the Missouri, 200 miles above St.
Louis, 130 WNW. Potosi, W. 1,069. Lon. 92.
54. W. Lat. 38. 57. N. Pop. in 1821, 1,800.
This town was laid out in 1816, and in 1821,
contained about 500 buildings, some of them
handsomely built of brick, others framed, but
the greater part of logs. It contains a court
house, a jail, a market house, a land office, an
academy, and a printing office, from which is
issued a weekly newspaper. It has about 20
mercantile stores, 10 lawyers, 4 physicians, and
a variety of mechanics. It is regularly laid out,
the streets 82J feet wide, with a public square
of 2 acres, for the erection of public buildings.
It has a healthy situation, in a district of coun
try very fertile and rapidly settling. It is the
second town in business and importance in Mis
souri, and the present western limit of steam
boats and other boats.
Franklin, or Franklinton, p-t. Attakapas co.
Louisiana, in St. Maiy's parish ; 145 W. New-
Orleans, W. 1,327.
Franklin Creek, r. Ohio, which runs SE. into
foe Great Miami, below I'ranklin.
Franklinton, p-t. Franklin co. Ohio; on SW.
branch of the Scioto, opposite to Columbus, 1
mile distant ; 42 N. Chillicothe. W. 419. It is
the seat of justice for the county, and contains I

a court house, a jail, and about 70 dwelling
houses. Franklinton, p-t Washington co. Louisiana,,
73 New Orleans, W. 1,256.
Franklinville, p-v. in Ischua, Cataraugus cd.
N. Y. ; 289 W. Albany. W. 362.
Franks, X. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,297.
Frankstadt, t. Moravia, in Prerau ; 4 S. Frey-
berg, 36 E. Prerau. Lon. 18. 17. E. Lat.49.'29
N. Pop. 2,707.
Frankstown, p-v. Huntingdon co. in the town
ship of Franks ; 106 Harrisburg, W. 179. Pop.
Frankstown, p-v. Northampton co. Va. ; 220
Richmond, W. 200,
Frankwald, or Puskowitz; X. Silesia, in Oels •
4 NW. Fertenberg. *
Franleu, X. France, in Somme ; 7 W. Abbe
ville. Franque, t. on E. coast of Madagascar. Lon
49. 20. E. Lat. 18. 40. N.
Franquemonl, X. Switz., Berne, on the Loubs
16 N. Neufchatel, 23 W. Soleure.
Franqueville, X. France, in Lower Seine ; 6
SE. Rouen.
' Franisila, X. Finland; 30 SE. Brahested.
Frantzdorf X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 4 N. Neisse..
Franzburg, X. Pomerania, founded in 1587, on
the place where stood a rich abbey ; 14 SSW.
Stralsund, 27 ENE. Rostock. Lon. 12. 56 E
Lat. 54 10. N. Pop. 528.
Frascaruola, X. Italy ; 3 NE. Valenza, 8 SW.
Lumello. Frascali, or Frescati, (an. Tusculum,) t. Pope
dom, in the Campagna di Roma ; 10 SE. Rome
Lon. 12. 42. E. Lat. 41. 48. N. Pop. about
9,000. It is the see of a bishop, who is a cardinal,
contains a seminary richly endowed, and 7 con
vents, and is celebrated for the number of pal
aces and countiy seats of Italian princes and
cardinals, in which are found most beautiful
paintings and sculptures.
Fraserburgh, s-p. Scot, in NE. part of Aber
deenshire, on S. side of Kinniard's head, in the
Frith of Murray ; 42 N. Aberdeen, 157 N. Ed
inburgh. Lon. 1. 55. W. Lat. 57. 33. N. Pop.
1,000. The harbour is small, but good, with
from 11 to 16 feet of water, and 20 immediately
out of the harbour.
Eraser's River, r. N. A., which rises about Lon.
124. W. Lat. 55 N., and flows into the gulf of
Georgia, about Lat. 49. N.
Frasignone, X. Tuscany ; 7 N. Pistoia.
Frasla, X. Stiria ; 10 W. Cilley.
Frassinet, X. France, Lot ; 15 NW. Cahors.
Frassineto, X. Naples, in Bari; 9 SSW. Con-
versano. Frassineto, X. Italy, in Padua ; 2 N. Montag-
nana. Fraslentz, X. Ger. ; 2 E. Feldkirch.
Fr'at, see Euphrates.
Fratelli, two small islands in the Mediterra
nean ; 25 W. Scarpanto. Lon. 26. 22. E. Lat.
35. 45. N.
Frating, or Wrateni, X. Moravia, in Znaym ;
22 WNW. Znaym.
Fralino, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 25 SW. Udina.
Fralta, t. Popedom, Urbino ; 12 N. Perugia,
32 S. Urbino. Lon. 12. 18. E. Lat. 43. 18. N.
Fralta, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 25 SSW. Udina.

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Fratla,i(La,) t. Aust. Italy, in Rovigo, on foe
Scortico. Pop. 6,300.
Fraubnmnen, or Frauenbrun, t Swits., in
Berne, which takes its name from a celebrated
monastery, founded in 1246 ; 7 N. Berne.
Frauenaurach, see Aurach.y
Frauenbaeh, r. Thuringia, which runs into the
Lossa, 2 SW. Colleda.
¦Frauenburg, or Przinda,% Bohemia, Pilsen ;
6 SW. Hayd. H. 128.
Frauenburg, or Hluboka, X. Bohemia, Pracha-
titz ; 12 SE. Woodnian.
Frauenbreitimgen, see Breitungen.
Frauenburg, X. Prussia, in Ermeland, on the
Frisch-Haff; 16 NE. Elbing. Lon. 19. 40. E.
Lat. 54. 22. N. Pop. 1,392. Bp. see. It is a
handsome town, and has a large cathedral ch.
Copernicus; the oelebrated astronomer, was a
canon of this church, and died here in 1543.
Frauenburg, X. Courland; 20 SSE. Goldingen,
30 W. Mittau.
Frauendorf, t Bav. ; 14 NNE. Bamberg.
Frauendorf, X. Brandenburg ; 10 S. Custrin.
Frauenfeld, X. Switz., and capital of Thurgow ;
14 SW. Constance, 20 NE. Zurich. Pop. 1,500.
It is the residence of a bailiff. The Protestants
and Roman Catholics have each a church.
Frauenmarck, X. Hungary, 6 NE. Levens.
Frauenpriesnitz, X. Weimar ; 15 W. Weimar.
Frauenstadt, see Freudenstadt.
Frauenslein, citadel, Carniola ; 5 N. Crain-
burg. Frauenstein, X. Sax., Erzgebirg, on the Mulda ;
11 SSE. Freyburg, 18 SSW. Dresden. Lon. 13.
31. E. Lat. 50. 43. N. Pop. 814.
Frauenthal, X. Stiria ; 10 S. Voitzberg.
Frauenwald, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 4 NE. Schleusin-
gen. Pop. 382.
Frauheim, X. Stiria; 4 N. Windisch Weistritz.
Frauhpfen, X. Bavaria ; 3 S. Landshut.
Fraunberg, X. Stiria ; 7 ESE. Oberwoltz.
Fraureuth, X. Ger., in Reuss ; 6 NE. Greilz.
Fraustadt, or Frauenstadt, X. Pru. Posen, cap
ital of a circle on the frontiers of Silesia ; 20 N.
E. Glogau, 70 NNW. Breslau. Pop. 5,585. It
contains 3 Protestant churches, and is chiefly
inhabited by Germans, who trade principally in
cattle and wool. — A remarkable battle was
fought here in 1706, in which the Saxons were
defeated by the Swedes.
Fraxula, now Ashbourn.
Frayles, (Los,) cluster of small islands in the
West-Indies, about 6 NE. from the island of
Margarita. Lon. 63. 46. W. Lat. 11. 15. N.
Fraypont, X. Neth., Liege, on the Weze ; 8 SE.
Liege. Frazi, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir; 12 E.
Nogent le Rotrou.
Frazersburgh, see Frasersburgh.
Frechilla, X. Spain, Leon ; 17 NW. Palencia.
Freckelben, X. Ger., Anhalt Dessau ; 30 WSW.
Dessau. Freckenhaust, Pru. Munster; 1 SW. Waren-
dorff. Pop. 1,000. , :
Freddo, r. Sicily, in foe valley of Demona,
which runs into the sea.
Freddo, r. Calabria, which runs into the sea,
Lon. 16. 15. E. Lat. 39. 18 N.
Fredeburg, X. Pru. Arensberg ; 14 S, Brilon,
$2 E. Cologne. Pop. 644. '

Fredeland, t. Prussia ; 60 SSW Dantzic.
Fredensborg, X. Denmark, Zealand '. 18 N. Co
penhagen. Lon. 12. 25. E. Lat. 55. 59. N.
Fredenwulde, X. Pru. Brandenburg, Potsdam ;
11 S Prenzlow, 40 N. Berlin. Lon. 13. 50. E.
Lat 53. 7. N. Pop. 333.
Frederica, p-t. Kent co. Delaware, on the
Motherkill ; 7 N. Milford, W. 122.
Frederica, p-t Georgia, on the island of St.
Simon, at the mouth of the Altamaha ; 80 SW.
Savannah, W. 739. Lon. 81.25. W. Lat 31. 13.
N. It had a regular fortress of brick, which is
now suffered to decay. The river Altamaha
forms a bay before the town, which affords a
good and safe harbour for the largest vessels.
Frederichrode, X. Gotha; 6 S. Gotha. Pop.
1,476. Frederichule, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 5 SE. Zu-
lichau. Frederichsthal, t. Pru. Brandenburg ; 6 W.
Senftenberg. Pop. 500.
Frederichswalde, t. Pomerania, on the Ihna ;
6 NW. Stargard.
Fredericia, strong s-p. Denmark, in North
Jutland, and diocess of Ripen. Lon. 9. 44. E.
Lat. 65. 35. N. Pop. 3,066. It is situated on the
Little Belt, with a custom-house, where all ves
sels pay a toll. The walls enclose a large extent
of ground. Here are two Lutheran churches, a
Calvinist church, a Cath. church, a synagogue, a
grammar school, and a good arsenal. A consid
erable quantity of tobacco is planted both with
in and without the walls.
Frederick, X. Upper Canada, on N. side of
lake Ontario ; 25 SW. Kingston.
Frederick, X. Montgomery co. Pa. P. 927.
Frederick, X. Washington co. Pa., on the Mo
nongahela ; 26 E. Washington.
Frederick, co. Md. ; bounded N. by Pennsyl
vania, SE. by Baltimore and Montgomeiy cos.,
SW. by the Potomac, and W. by Washington
co. Pop. in 1810, 34,437 ; slaves, 5,171, Pop.
in 1820,40,459. Chief town, Fredericktown.
Frederick, X. Cecil co. Md., on the Sassafras,
opposite Georgetown ; 19 NE. Chestertown.
Frederick, co. N. part of Va. ; bounded N. by
Berkley and Jefferson cos., E. by Loudoun and
Fauquier cos., S. by Shenandoah co., and W.
by Hampshire co. Pop. in 1810, 22,574 ; slaves,
6,417. Pop. in 1820, 24,706. Chief town, Win
chester. Frederick Island, isl. in Passamaquoddy bay,
Maine ; belonging to Eastport.
Frederickenburg, X. Anhalt ; 1 SW. Zerbst.
Fredericksborg, t. Denmark, in the island of
Zealand ; 18 NNW. Copenhagen. Lon. 12. 20.
E. Lat. 55. 56. N.
Fredericksburg, p-t. Spotsylvania co. Va., on
SW. side of the Rappabannoc ; 70 miles above
Tappahannoc, 68 N. Richmond, W.58 Lon. 77.
38. W. Lat. 38. 34. N. Pop. in 1812, 2,550, and
in 1817, 3,255. It is pleasantly situated, regu
larly laid out, and is one of the most healthy,
flourishing, and commercial towns in the state.
It contains a court house, a jail, a spacious
town house, a market house, a masonic hall, a
Lancasterian school, a tobacco warehouse, two
banks, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for
Episcopalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Bap
tists, and 1 for Methodists. Nearly 100 of the

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houses are of brick. It is the seat of the supe
rior court of law and of chancery for the dis
trict This town exports large quantities of
corn and flour, and considerable quantities of
tobacco, flaxseed, pease, and beans. The an
nual amount of exports is about #4,000,000.
On the waters Of the Rappahannoc within two
miles of the town, there are 8 flour mills. The
river is navigable as far as this place for vessels
of 130 or 140 tons, having 9J feet of water.
The shipping of this town is entered at the port
of Tappahannoc. Much of the surrounding
countiy is fertile, well cultivated, and contains
many fine plantations.
Fredericksburg, p-t. Gallatin co. Ken. ; W. 573.
Fredericksburg, p-t. Washington co. Indiana,
on Big Blue river ; 12 S. Salem, 20 NW. Cory-
don, W. 645.
Fredericksburg, p-t. Washington co. Ken. ; 82
Frankfort, W. 674.
Fredericksburg, X. Pomerania, formerly called
Quarckenburg ; 25 NNE. Stargard, 30 SSW.
Colberg. Fredericksburg, X. Africa, on the Gold coast.
Lat. 6. 40. N.
Frederick Hendrick, shoal, in E. Indian sea,
between Banca and Sumatra.
Frederick Henry's Bay, bay on the coast of
New Holland. Lat 43. 10. S.
F.rederickshall, s-p. Norway, on the frontiers
of Sweden, situated at the mouth of the river
Tiste, in a bay called the Swinesund ; 50 N.
Uddevalla, 52 S. Christiania. Pop. 3,842. The
principal commerce is in timber.
Frederickshamn, X. fa fortress, Russia, Viborg ;
50 W. Viborg. Lon: 28. 18. E. Lat. 60. 36. N.
Frederick's House, station or settlement in
Canada. Lon. 82. 6. W. Lat 48. 34. N.
Frederick's Werder, see Berlin.
Fredericksholm, fortress, Norway ; 3 S. Chris-
tiansand. Frederick's Ode, see Fredericia.
Frederickstadt, fortress fa s-p. Norway, on the
river Glomme, containing a well supplied arse
nal; 43 S. Christiania. Lon. 11. 1. E. Lat. 59.
2. N. Pop. 1,837. The inhabitants carry on
some trade in planks, masts, and timber.
Frederickstadt, X. Denmark, in Sleswick, on
N. coast of the Eider ; 18 WSW. Sleswick.
Lon. 9. 11. E. Lat. 54. 28. N. Pop. 2,270. The
inhabitants are principally employed in manu
factures of silk and woollen; navigation, and
commerce. Frederickstadt, see Berlin.
Fredickstown, formerly St. Ann, X. America,
capital of New Brunswick, on the right bank
of St. John's river, 80 miles from its mouth.
Lon. 66. 45. W. Lat. 46. 3. N. Pop. 500. It is
regularly laid out, and contains a province hall,
for the general assembly, a market house, a
Baptist and a Methodist meeting house. Vessels
of 50 tons pass 4 miles above the town.
Fredericksville, p-v. Sampson co. N. C.
Fredericksvorn, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 3
S. Laurvig.
Frederickswerk, s-p. Denmark, in a bay, on
N. coast of Zealand ; where are a cannon
foundery, and manufactures of military articles,
established in the year 1756.
Frederickswerth, X. Gotha ; 5 NW. Gotha.
Vol.1. 78

Fredericksund, s-p. Denmark, in Zealand, in
the gulf of Roeschild; 19 NW. Copenhagen.
Lon. 12. 5 E. Lat. 55. 50. N. Pop. 200. The
chief trade is in corn.
Fredericklown, p-t. Washington co. Pa,, W.
261. Fredericktown, p-t. fa cap. Frederick co. Md.»
on Carrol's creek, a branch of the Monocasy ;
43 NNW. Washington, 45 W. Baltimore. Pop.
3,637. It is pleasantly, situated,, regularly laid
out, and well built, and contains a court house,
a jail, a. bank, a market house, an academy,
and 7 houses of public worship, 1 for German
Lutherans, 1 for German Calvinists, 1 for Epis
copalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Roman
Catholics, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists.
Several ofthe public buildings and many of foe
private houses are spacious and elegant. A con
siderable proportion of the houses are built of
brick, many are framed, and some are con
structed of logs. The streets intersect each
other at right angles, and some of them are
paved. All the marketing is finished here ia
the morning before sunrise. The town is situ
ated in a fine plain, and the soil in the vicinity
is extremely fertile. It has an extensive trade
with the surrounding country, and transports
great quantities of wheat and flour to Balti
more. — Four newspapers are published here.
Fredericktown, p-t. Knox co. Ohio ; 7 N.
Mount Vernon, 44 NE. Columbus, W- 415.
Frederick Town, v. Coecil co. Md., on Sassa
fras river, 3 S. Coecilton, 60 E. Baltimore.
H. 18.
Fredericktown, X. fa fort, on Algoa bay, in Af
rica ; 9 SE. Bethelsdorp.
Fredonia, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y. ; about 55
WSW. Buffalo, 340 W. Albany, W. 401. A
newspaper is published here.
Fredonia, p-v. Crawford co. In., W. 662.
Fredorea, small isl. on E. side of foe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 59. E. Lat. 63. 1. N.
Freebooter's Point, cape at W. extremity of
foe island of Anagada, in the West Indies.
Freeburg, p-v. Union co. Pa., W. 159. •
Freedom, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine ; 28 NE.
Augusta, W. 641. Pop. 788.
Freedom, X. Dutchess co. N. Y., formed since
1820 from Fishkill and Beekman; 84 S. Al
bany. , Freedom, p-v. Baltimore co. Md., W. 59.
Freehold, p-v. Greenville, Greene co. N. Y. ;
26 Albany, W. 345.
Freehold, (Upper,) X. Monmouth co. N. J.
Pop. 4,541.
Freehold, p-t. fa cap. Monmouth co. N. J. ;
13 SW. Shrewsbury, 22 NE. Allentown, W.
208. The village contains a court house, a jail,
an Episcopal church, and 40 or 50 houses.
Pop. of the township, 5,156.
Freeman, p-t. Somerset co. Maine ; 38 NW.
Norridgewock, W. 674. Pop. 517.
Freeport, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, at the
head of Casco bay ; 19 NE. Portland, 134 NNE,
Boston, W. 572. Lon. 70. 6. W. Lat. 44. 51. N.
Pop. 2,184.
Freeport, p-t. Armstrong co. Pa. ; W. 220.
Freeport, p-t. Harrison co. Ohio ; 109 Colum
bus, W. 331. Pop. 1,194.
Freetown, p-t. Bristol co. Mass., on E, side of

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Taunton river; 9 SSE. Taunton, 40 S. Boston.
W. 448. Pop. 1,863.
Freetown, X. Courtland co. N. Y., about 10
SE. Homer. Pop. 663.
Freetown, X. Africa, capital of the English
colony of Sierra Leone, on the river Sierra
Leone; about 6 miles from its mouth, having
an excellent harbour. Pop. in 1820, including
the suburbs, 4,785. See Sierra Leone.
FreCwill's Islands, or Joseph Freewill' s Islands,
three small islands, in E. Indian sea ; they are
severally called by the natives Pegan, Onata,
and Onello. They are very small and low^ the
largest not being more than 5 miles in compass.
Lon. 137. 51. E. Lat. 0. 50. S.
Freezeland Peak, small isl. in the S. Atlantic
ocean, near the coast of Sandwich Land. Lon.
27. W, Lat. 59. S.
Fregolo, v. Piedmont, near Alexandria, where
Suwarrow had his head quarters in the year
1799. Freiburg, t. Bremen ; 16 N. Stade.
Freiddegg, X. Austria ; 7 SSW. Ips.
Freidnau, X. Stiria ; 6 W. Rakelspurg.
Frejenal, or Frexenel, X. Spain, in Seville ; 47
N. Seville.
Freienhagen, X. Ger., Waldeck, on the Wet
ter; 7 N. Waldeck, 18 W. Cassel.
Freienstein, X. Pru., in Brandenburg ; 20 NE.
Perleburg, 60 NW. Berlin. Lon. 12. 27. E. Lat.
63. 17. N. Pop. 751.
Freienwalde,X. Pru. Pomerania; 15 NE. Star-
gard, 34 SSE. Camrnin. Lon. 15. 23. E. Lat.
53. 36. N. Fop. 886.
Freigni, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 20
W. Angers. H. 300.
Freimersheim, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 4
NNE. Landau, 12 SW. Spire.
Frein, or Wranow, t. Moravia, in Znaym ; 8
W. Znaym.
Freindorff, X. Austria; 4 SE. Tulln.
Freinsheim, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 10
WNW. Manheim, 20 WNW. Heidelberg. Pop.
1,428. Freisach, X. Carinthia, on the Metnitz; 4
NNE. Gurck, 8 N. St. Veit. Pop. 1,400. It has
a castle, a college, a convent of Dominicians,
and the commandery of the Teutonic order.
Freisehbach, X. Bav., Rhine ; 6 ENE. Landau.
Freisingen, see Freysingen.
Freislett, X. Baden ; 9 N. Kehl.
Freistein, X. Moravia, in Znaym ; 10 SW.
Budweiss, 20 WNW. Znaym.
Frejus, see Freejuls, X. France,. and principal
place of a district, in Var, formerly a seaport,
but now 2 miles from the sea ; 10 posts SW.
Nice, 115 SSE. Paris. Lon. 6. 44. E. Lat. 43.
25. N. Fop. 2,229. It was flourishing as early.
as the time of Julius Caesar, being called Forum
Julii, and as is supposed to have been founded
by a colony from Marseilles ; and many mon
uments of its ancient grandeur still remain,
such as an aqueduct, an amphitheatre, statues,
inscriptions, fac. Before the revolution it was
the see of a bishop. — Natives, Agricola and the
Abbe Sieyes.
Frtixiera, X. Portugal, Entre-Duero-e-Minho ;
7 NE. Amarante.
Frei.rel, X. Portugal, in Tra-los-Montes; 15
S. Mirandela.

Frelighsburg, v. Lower Canada, on Pike riv
er, 12 miles from Phillipsburg. H. 17.
Fremona, X. Abyssinia, in Tigre, where the
Portuguese missionaries took up their first resi
dence ; 50 NE. Sire. Lon. 38. 18. E. Lat 14.
40. N.
Frimur, (Le,) r. France, which runs into the
English channel, Lon. 2. 12. W. Lat. 48.35. N.
Frenay le Vieomte, t. France, and principal
place of a district, in Sarte ; 9 SSW. Alencon,
18 N. le Mans. Lon. 0. 6. E. Lat. 48. 17. N.
Frenaye, (La,) t. France, in Sarte; 6 E.
Alencon. Pop. 2,015.
French Bay, or Baie Frangoise, bay in the
straits of Magellan, on the coast of Patagonia.
Lon. 72. 24. W. Lat. 53. 51. S.
French Broad, r. which rises in N. C, and
joins the Holston in Tennessee, 4 miles above
Knoxville. It is navigable for boats of 15 tons
to Dandridge.
French Creek, r. Pa., which flows into foe Al
leghany, 80 NNE. Pittsburg. It is navigable to
Waterford. French Creek, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 521.
French Creek, r. Chester co. Pa., which flows
into the Schuylkill.
French Mills, see Fort Covington.
French, or Stony River, r. which rises in
Mass., and joins the Quinibaug, in Thompson,
Connecticut. French Harbour, port on S. coast of the isl
and of Ruatan.
French Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main,
near the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82. 50. W. Lat.
11. 12. N.
French Keys, two small islands among the
Bahamas, S. Mayaguana. Lon. 73. 36. W. Lat.
22. 35. N.
French Village, v. Illinois ; 5 E. St. Louis.
French River, r. Upper Canada, which runs
from lake Nippissing to lake Huron, 75 miles
long. It is connected" with Outawas river by
short portages.
Frenchman's Bay, bay, America, in Maine
situated between Mount Desert island and
Schoodic point. Lon. 68. 1. W. Lat 44. 20. N.
Frenchman's Bay, bay, Jamaica, between
Great Pedro bay and Starvegut bay.
Frenchman's Key, small isl. in the Spanish
Main. Lon. 82. 51. W. Lat. 12. 16. N
Frenchtown, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va., W. 166.
Frenchlown, landing in Ccecil co. Md., on E.
side of Elk river, 2 miles below Elkton ; 16
SW. Newcastle.
Frenchtown, p-t. Monroe co. Michigan, on N.
bank of the river Raisin, 6 miles from its mouth,
opposite to Monroe ; 34 SSW. Detroit, W. 531.
It is inhabited chiefly by French from Canada,
and was settled about 30 years ago.
Frencke, r. Ger., which runs into the Ergetz,
near Lichstall, in the bishopric of Bale.
Frine sur Avance, X. France, Upper Marne;
4 ESE. Bourbonne.
Frenoy-le- Grand, X. France, in Oise; 7 SW.
Compiegne. Frenswegen, X. Han., in Bentheim ; 3 NNW.
Nort'horn. Frenzano, X. Italy; 8 WSW. Brescia.
Freren, or Vreren, X. Han., in Lingen ; 6 SE.
Lingen. Pop. 406.

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Frescati, see Frascati.
Freselone, X. Naples, Molise ; 2 SW. Molise.
Freshford, X. Ireland, in Kilkenny; 7 SW.
Kilkenny. H. 207.
t Freshwater, r. Wales, in foe county of Pem
broke, which runs into the sea, 6 SE. Pem
broke haven, forming a bay at its mouth, to
which it gives name. Lon. 5. W. Lat. 51.42. N.
Freshwater Bay, bay in the straits of Magel
lan. Lon. 72. 13. W. Lat. 63. 27. N.
Freshwater Bay, bay on SW. coast of the Isle
of Wight. It takes its name from a village.
Lon. 1. 31. W. Lat. 50. 37. N.
Freshwater Bay, bay on E. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 53. 30. W. Lat. 49. 10. N.
Freshwater Island, small isl. in the Atlantic,
near the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 79. 15. W.
Lat. 33. 5. N.
Freshwater Key, small island in the Spanish
Main, near the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82. 25. W.
Lat. 14. 23. N.
Fresnay, X. France, in Sarfoe ; 22 N. by W.
Le Mans. Pop. 1,556.
Fresneda, (La,) X. Spain, in Aragon, once
Strongly fortified ; 12 SSE. Alcaniz. Pop. 2,200.
Fresne, X. France, in Meuse ; 4 NNE. St. Mi-
hiel, 10 SE. Verdun. Pop. 829.
Fresne St. Mametz, X. France, Upper Saone ;
12 NE. Gray, 12 SW. Vesoul.
Fresnau, X. France, in Oise ; 5 E. Chaumont,
10 S. Beauvais.
Fresnes, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 7 NE.
Arras. Fresnes, X. France, in Calvados ; 12 S. Vire.
Fresnillo; t. Mexico, in Zacatecas ; 40 N. Za-
catecas. Fresno, i. Spain, in Old Castile ; 5 S. Borgo
d'Osma. Fresno, t. Spain, Andalusia; 20 N. Cordova.
Frespach, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 9
NNE. Agen. Pop. 1,839.
Fresquel, r. France, which runs into the Aude,
near Carcassonne.
Fresselines, t. France, in Creuse, on the
Creuse ; 15 NNW. Gueret
Fressenville, X. France, in Somme ; 10 W. Ab
beville. Fressin, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 4 N.
Hesdin. Fresta, X. 'Sweden, in Upland ; 21 SE. Upsal.
Freswick Water, small r. Scot., which runs
into the sea, near Wick, in Caithness.
Freteval, see Fretteval.
Frethun, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 3 S.
Calais. Freloy, (Le,) X. France, Oise ; 5 NW. Noyon.
Fretteval,X. France, Loir-and-Cher; 6 NE.
Vendflme, 18 N. Blois. Pop. 365. In 1194, a
battle was fought here between some English
and French troops.
Freudah, X. Algiers ; 10 S. Mascar.
Freudemberg, X. Prussia ; 12 N. Rastenburg.
Freudenberg, X. Pru. Coblentz ; 5 WNW. Sie
gen. Pop. 604.
Freudenberg, X. Bav. ; 4 E. Amberg. Pop. 870.
Freudenberg, t. Baden, on the Maine ; 8 N.
Wertheim, 28 NE. Heidelberg, Pop. 1,307.
Freudenberg, X. Prussia ; 7 S. Heilsberg.
Freudenburg, X. Han., in Hoya; 16 S. Bre
men. Pop. of its district 3,847.

Freudenstadt, t. Wurtemberg ; 24 ESE. Straf-
36 SW. Stuttgart. Lon. 8. 25. E. Lat. 48. 28. N.
POp. 2,408. It is situated in the Black Forest,
fortified and defended by a citadel.
Freudenthal, or Bmnnthal, X. Aust. Silesia, in
Troppau ; 11 SW. Jagerndorf, 17 W. Troppau.
ton. 17. 21. E. Lat. 49. 50. N. Pop. 2,823. It is
the capital of a district, and is celebrated for its
breed of horses, and manufacture of fine linen.
Freudenthal, or Bistra, v. Carniola, with a
Carthusian monastery, situated near the rise of
the Feistritz ; 5 N. Cirknitz.
Freudenthal, X. Bav. ; 5 WNW. Volckach.
Frevenstein, X. Stiria ; 3 NE. Windisch Weis-
tritz. Frevent, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 6 W.
Arras, 7 S. St. Pol.
Freville, t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 5 NE.
Caudebec. Freundsburg, X. Tyrol ; 2 E. Schwatz.
Freundsheim, X. Tyrol ; 24 W. Innspruck.
Freusberg, t. Pru. Coblentz, on the Sieg ; 7
SE. Siegen. Pop. 700.
Frexenal, see Frejenal.
Freyberg, or Przibor, X. Moravia, in Prerau ;
28 ENE. Prerau, 36 E. Olmutz. Lon. 18. 15. E:
Lat. 49. 34. N, Pop. 3,319.
Freyberg, or Friedberg, t. Saxony, capital of
Erzgebirg, and of a circle of the same name, on
a branch of the Muldaw, near some mountains
which separate the country from Bohemia, and
is 1,200 feet above the level of the sea; 18
SSW. Meissen, 19 WSW. Dresden. Lon. 13. 18.
E. Lat. 50. 53. N. Pop. 8,737. H. 1,377. It
contains 5 churches, a gymnasium, a famous
minerological academy, with 4 professors and
2 under teachers, esteemed the leading school
of that science, and a superb cabinet Sof mine
rals, collected by the celebrated Werner, and
valued at 56,000 rix dollars. The environs are
full of mines, which employ about 5,000 work
men. The number of mines in a state of activ
ity, amounts to 250, all belonging to private
individuals, except one, which is the property
of the crown. The establishment for amalga
mating, is said to be the most perfect in Eu
rope. About a mile from the town are the sil
ver mines, of which the annual produce is
from 10, to 15,000 lbs. of lead; the Freyburg
mines yield only 1,000 lbs. ; but they afford
quantities of copper, tin, silver, and vitriol.
Here are also manufactures of hardward and
cloth. The soil, though mountainous, is fertile.
Pop. of the circle, 45,918.
Freyberg, X. Switz., Glarus ; 7 S. Glarus.
Freyburg, or Friburg, X. Baden, capital ofthe
circle of the Treisam, formerly capital of the
Austrian Brisgau, at the foot of a mountain,Vat
the entrance of the Black Forest, on the Trei
sam ; 30 NNE. Bale, 34 SSE. Strasburg. Lon.
7.54. E. Lat. 42. 2. N. Pop. 10,108. H. 890.
The streets are broad and well paved ; and the
town is tolerably well built, and contains sev
eral churches, 2 hospitals, a gymnasium, and a
Catholic university, founded,Jn 1457, by Albert
IV. duke of Austria. It has a botanic garden,
an anatomical theatre, a cabinet of natural his
tory, a libraiy of 80,000 vols., arid 28 profes
sors; and had, in 1817,311 students. — One of
the principal employments of the inhabitants is
polishing precious stones.

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Freyburg, or Frtyberg, t. Silesia, in Schweid-
jiitz, near the Polsnitz; 7 W. Schweidnitz, 14
S. Jauer. Lon. 16. 16. E. Lat 50. 42. N. Pop.
1,650. Freyburg, X. Pru. Merseburg, on the Unstrutt ;
4 NNW. Naumburg, 16 S. Halle, Lon, 11. 54.
E. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop. 1,625.
Freydenbach, X. Bavaria ; 5 ENE. Creglingen.
Freye Aemter, country, Switz., surrounded
by the cantons of Zurich, Berne, Lucerne, and
Zug. It was anciently called the Country of
Rori, or Woggenthal The country is about 7
or 8 leagues in length, and 3 or 4 in breadth.
Pop. about 20,000, chiefly Catholics. It was
united to the canton of Aargau, in 1803.
Freyen, small isl. in foe North sea, near the
eoast of Norway. Lat. 63. 42. N.
Freyenseen, X. Hesse, in Solms ; formerly an
imperial town. Pop. 960.
Freyenstadt, X. Bavaria, on the Schwarzach ;
20 SE. Nuremberg. 31 NW. Ratisbon. Lon. 11.
16. E. Lat. 49. 9. N.
Freyenslein, see Frienslein.
Freyenlhum, X. Middle Carniola, on the Kulp ;
7 S. Rudolfswerth.
Freyenwalde, X. Pru., in the Middle Mark of
Brandenburg, on the Oder; 24 NW. Custrin,
32 NE. Berlin. Lon. 14. 5. E. Lat. 52. 51. N.
Pop. 2,150. Thfe inhabitants carry on a consid
erable trade in fish, corn, beer, linen, medici
nal waters, and alum.
• Freyhan, t. Silesia, in Oels, on the borders of
Poland ; 24 N. Oels, 30 NE. Wohlau. Lon. 17.
20. E. Lat. 38. 12. N. Pop. 750.
Freyheil, X. Bohemia, Konigingratz ; 6 NW.
Trautenau. Pop. 800. In the neighbourhood
are some warm baths.
Freyhoff, X. Carniola, on the Kulp ; 7 SW.
Landstrass. Freyhung, X. Bavaria ; 1 1 N. Amberg.
Freyla, X. Spain, Grenada ; 18 NNE. Guadix.
Freyling, X. Austria ; 4 ESE. Efferding.
. Freysingen, or Friesingen, or Frisingen, (Bish
opric of) ci-devant ecclesiastical principality of
Germany, in Bavaria, situated between the
eities of Munich and Landshut.
Freysingen, X. Bavaria, in Iser ; 17 NNE. Mu
nich, 18 SW. Landshut. Lon. 11. 45. E. Lat.
48. 24. N Pop. 3,510. It is situated on the Mo-
sach, not far from the Iser, one part at the foot
of a mountain, and the other on its summit.
Freystadt, i. Prussia; 80 SW. Konigsberg.
Pop. 877.
Freystadt, X. Pru. Silesia, in Liegnitz ; 12 NE.
.Sagan, 24 WNW. Gros-Glogau. Lon. 15. 31. E.
tat 51. 52. N. Fop. 2,869. It contains a Ro
man Catholic church, a convent, and a Lu
theran church and school. Here is a manufac
ture of good cloth.
Freystadtel, X. Aust. Silesia, in Teschen ; 7
NNW. Teschen. Lon. 18. 34. E. Lat 49. 44. N.
Pop. 850.
Freystadt, t. Bavaria, district of Newmark.
Pop. 760.
Freystadt, (Old,) X. Baden, on the Rhine ; 9
NNE. Kehl. Pop. 980.
Freystatt, or Freustadt, X. Austria, capital of
foe circle of Muhl ; 13 N. Enns, 82 W. Vienna.
Lon. 14.25. E. Lat. 48. 30. N. Pop. 4,000. It
contains a college and high sehool.

Freystaltel, t. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 20 NE.
Hradisch. Pop. 860.
Freystattl, t. fa castle, Hungary, on the Waag ;
2 NE. Leopoldstadt.
Freystett, or Freystadt, X. Hesse, on the
Maine ; 12 NW. Darmstadt.
Freyung, X. Bavaria ; 14 N. Passau.
Freywalde, X. Aust. Silesia, in Neisse ; 15 S.
Neisse, 21 W. Jagerndorf. Lon. 17. 5. E. Lat.
50. 5. N.- Pop. 2,061.
Freywalde, Pru. Silesia, in Sagan ; 12 SW.
Sagan. Pop. 499.
Friangombi, X. Africa, Congo, on the Zaire,
near Lembo.
Friars, cluster of rocks, 1 S. Tasman's Head,
on the coast of New Holland.
Friar's Head, cape on E. coast of Antigua.
Lon. 61. 22. W. Lat. 17. 11. N.
Friar's Hood, mt. Ceylon, near E. coast ; 68
E. Candi.
Friar's Island, on foe coast of Panama. Lon.
63. 48. W. Lat. 11. 14. N.
Friar's Island, isl near W. coast of Ireland ;
3 S. luis Baffin.
Friars, X. Spain, in Old Castile, on an emi
nence near the Ebro ; 20 NNE. Burgos, 138 N.
Madrid. Lon. 3. 2. W. Lat. 42. 40. N.
Friauville, X. France, in Moselle ; 6 S. Briey,
12 W. Metz.
Friburg, or Freyburg, called Friburg in Uch-
land, to distinguish it from Friburg in the Bris
gau, t Switz., capital of a canton to which it
gives name ; 16 SW. Berne, 27 NE. Lausanne.
Lon. 6.48. E. Lat. 46. 50. N. Pop. 6,461. It
contains 4 churches, 8 convents, 3 hospitals,
and a college with 15 professors. It is situated
on the Sanen, and almost surrounded by it.
Part of it^s built on an elevated rock, part of
it in a deep valley, and towards the W. it occu
pies a small plain. The streets are irregular,
steep, clean, and tolerably wide ; the houses
are well built, and some of them handsome. It
is surrounded with walls, towers, and sharp
rocks. Friburg, canton, Switz., almost surrounded
by the cantons of Berne and Vaud, except a
narrow part which touches the lake of Neuf
chatel. The NW. part of the countiy is more
level than the rest, and produces abundance of
corn and fruit ; the other parts are mountain
ous, but contain good pastures, which feed great
herds of cattle. The chief exports are cattle,
butter, and particularly the excellent cheese,
known by the name of Gruyere. Sq.m. 795.
Pop. 67,874; 7,300 Reformed, the rest Catho
lics. Friburg, X. Bavaria ; 15 SSE. Braunau.
Friburg, X. Thuririgia ; 5 N. Naumburg.
Friburg I'Eveque, X. France, in Meurte ; 6 E.
Dieuze, 7 W. Sarburg.
Fribus, t. Bohemia, in Elnbogen ; 9 W. Jo-
achimsthal. Fricala, X. Thessaly ; 35 W. Larissa.
Fricenti, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; Bp.
see; lONVv.Conza, 18 SE. Benevento. Lon.
15. 2. E. Lat. 40. 59. N.
Fricklhal, district, Switz., in Aargau, on the
left bank of the Rhine, extending from Augst
to Botzberg, included in the Brisgau till 180J..
Pop. 19,494.

FR1

621

FRI

Fridau, t. Austria; 4 S. St. Polten.
Fridaw, X. Stiria ; 9 ESE. Pettau, 104 S. Vi
enna. Lon. 16. 10. E. Lat. 46. 28. N.
Fridberg, or Friedberg, t Stiria, at the foot of
Mount Wechsel ; 23 E. Pruck, 42 S. Vienna.
Lon. 15. 35. E. Lat. 47.27.N. Pop. 1,500.
Fridberg, or Friedburg, X. Bavaria; 4 SE.
Augsburg, 28 WNW. Munich. Lon. 10. 58. -E.
Lat. 48. 17. N. Pop. 1,781.
Fridberg, or Friedberg, t. Hesse, on the Us-
bach ; 12 N. Frankfort on the Maine, 28 ENE.
Mentz. Lon. 8. 41. E. Lat. 50. 22. N. Pop.
1,740. Fridek, or Wombrisna, X. Prussia, in Culm.;
16 E. Culm, Fop. 800.
Fridek, ScFriedek, t. Aust. Silesia, Teschen ;
10 SW. Teschen. Lon. 18. 28. E. Lat. 49. 52.
N. Pop. 2,267.
Friderichsherg, fort and settlement on the
coast of Guinea ; 70 from Cape Coast Castle.
Friderichfeld, or Hundsfeld, t Pru. Silesia, in
Oels ; 5 NE. Breslau, 10 SW. Oels. Lon. 17. 9.
E. Lat 51. 7. N. Pop. 746.
Friderischshall, see Frederichshall.
Friderichs-Ode, see Fredericia.
Fridewalde, X. Nassau; 9 S. Siegen. Pop.
1,059. •
Fridewalde, X. Ger., \n Hesse Cassel ; 18 W.
Eisenach, 35 SSE. Cassel. Pop. 998.
Fridingen, X. Wurtemberg, on the Danube ;
20 SE. Tubingen. Pop. 721.
Fridman, X. Hungary ; 17 NNW. Palotza.
Frido, X. Naples, Basilicata ; 7 ESE. Potenza.
Fridrichstein, X. Carniola ; 1 NW. Gottschee.
Friedburg, X. Silesia, in Troppau, on the Ne
isse ; 14 SSW. Neisse, 22 E. Glatz. Lon. 16.
15. E. Lat. 50. 5. N. Pop. 714.
Friedberg, or Friedenberg am Queis, X. Pru.
Silesia, in Liegnitz, on the Queis ; 11 SW.
Lowenberg, 30 W. Jauer. Lon. 15. 27. E. Lat.
50. 52. N. Pop. 1,637.
Friedberg, (Hohen,) X. Silesia, Schweidnitz ;
5 SW. Striegau, 10 NW. Schweidnitz. Here the
King of Prussia defeated the Austrians, on the
4th of June, 1745.
Friedberg, X. Han., in Bremen, on the Elbe;
20 NNW. Stade, 37 NW. Hamburg.
Friedeberg, X. Pru., in Brandenburg, in Frank
fort ; 45 NE. Frankfort on the Oder, 82 ENE.
Berlin. Lon. 15. 40. E. Lat. 52. 56. N. Pop.
2,887. Friedeberg, X. Pru. Merseburg; 4 E. Gerb-
stadt.
' Friedeberg, X. Han., East-Friesland ; 22 ENE.
Emden. Lon. 7. 48. E. Lat. 53. 36. N.
Friedeland, X. Silesia, Schweidnitz ; 16 SW.
Schweidnitz. Lon. 16. 3. E. Lat. 50. 27. N.
Friedeland, or Briland, X. Pru. Lower Lusatia,
on the Spree ; 12 NW. Guben, 15 ENE. Lub-
ben. Lon. 14. 12. E. Lat. 52. 7. N. Pop. 800.
Friedelshausen, X. Ger. ; 7 NW. Meinungen.
Friedenweiler, X. Baden ; 2 E. Neustadt. Pop.
1,450. Friederichsfeld, (Hundsfeld,) X. Silesia ; 5 NE.
Breslau. Pop. 746.
Friederichstcedl, X. on VV. coast of the isl. of
Santa Cruz. Lon. 93. 25. W. Lat. 17. 48. N.
Friederichstein, castle, Pru. Coblentz, on a
rock near the Rhine; 2N. Neuweid. The boat
men called it the Devil's Castle.

Friederick's Fiord, bay, West-Greenland. Lon.
48. 20. W. Lat. 62. 12. N.
Friedersdorf X. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on
the Spree. Pop. 1,338.
Friedersdorf, X. Bav. ; 3 NW. Teuschintz.
Friedewalde, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 6 S. Grotkau.
Friedland, or Fridland, X. Prussia, in Konigs
berg, on the left bank of the Alle ; 28 SE. Ko
nigsberg. Lon. 21. 10. E. Lat. 54. 24. N. Pop.
2,118. In June, 1807, a bloody battle was
fought near this place between the main armies
ofthe French and Russians fa Prussians, in wh ich
the former obtained a complete victory. This
battle led to the peace of Tilsit. The loss of
the allies in killed and wounded was nearly
20,000. Friedland, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 18 NNE.
Olmutz. Pop. 604.
Friedland, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau; 9 NE.'
Krottau. Pop. 2,273.
Friedland, i. Mecklenburg Strelitz ; 14 NE.
New Brandenburg, 25 SE. Demmin. Lon. 13.
30. E. Lat. 53. 39. N. Pop. 3,400.
Friedland, or Fridland, X. Silesia, in Oppeln,
on the Steinau ; 20 SW. Oppeln. Lon. 17. 30.
E. Lat 50. 25. N. Pop. 1,030.
Friedlingen, or Fridlingen, X. fa fort, Baden,
near the Rhine, between Huningue and Bale.
In 1702, a battle was fought here between the
Imperialists and the French.
Frieled, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 33 NW. Wexio.
Friera, X. Portugal, in Tra-los-Mo'ntes ; 12 S W.
Outeiro. Friendly Cove, or Santa Cruz, haibour in
Nootka Sound, where a settlement was formed
in 1788, by Mr. Meares, and some other Eng
lishmen, for the sake of carrying on the fur
trade. Lon. 126. 30. W. Lat. 49. 35. N.
Friendly Islands, cluster of islands in the S.
Pacific ocean, of great extent, and upwards of
150 in number ; some of which are large, and
some lofty, with volcanoes. The most impor
tant are the following, Tonga, Eaoowe, Anna-
mooka, Hapae islands, Mayorga islands, Feejee
islands, Vavaoo, and Toofoa. Lon. 184. 46. to
185. 45. E. Lat. 19. 40. to 21. 30. S. They are
in general fertile, and well planted with cocoa-
nut and bread-fruit trees, plantains, sugar-canes,
yams, fac: fowls are large and good; parrots
and paroquets are found of various kinds ;
pigeons, with plenty of wild ducks and other
water-fowl. The inhabitants appeared to Cap
tain Cook, who first discovered these islands in
1773, hospitable and kind, and to be united in
a firm alliance, on which account he gave them
the name they bear. But the accounts of sub
sequent visitors, particularly that of Mariner,
shews them to be capable of the most ferocious
cruelty and to be in the practice of canabalism.
They are a shade darker than copper brown, of
common stature, muscular, healthy, cleanly,
and some of them handsome. The population
is supposed to be about 200,000. The climate
is healthy ; the inhabitants are active and indus-
trious,and acquainted with neither riches, want,
nor oppression. The sea-coast abounds with
fish, in catching which they are extremely ex
pert, and op their coasts are found great num
bers and variety of shell-fish. They are exceed
ingly fond of iron ; and will readily give the

FRI

622

FRO

produce of the islands in exchange, such as
hogs, fowls, fish, yams, bread-fruit, plantaitis,
cocoa-nuts, sugar-canes, fac: good water is
scarce, or it is generally difficult for navigators
to obtain it in sufficient quantity.
Friar's Head, cape on E. coast of the island of
Antigua. Lon. 61. 22. W. Lat. 17. 11. N.
Friendship, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 30 E.
Wiscasset, W. 673. Pop. 587.
Friendship, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 10 SW. An
gelica. Pop. 662.
Friendship, p-v. Susquehanna co.Pa.; W.174.
Friendship, p-t. Ann Arundel co. Md. ; two
miles west of Herring bay, 25 S. Annapolis, W.
78. Here are 2 Methodist meeting houses.
Friendsville, p-v. Alleghany co. N. Y.; W. 348.
Friesach, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam, on
the Rein ; 28 NW. Berlin. Lon. 12. 41. E. Lat.
52. 48. N. Pop. 1,400.
Friesburg, p-v. Salem co. N. J. : W. 188.
Friesen, X. Stiria ; 9 NNE. Windischgratz.
Friesenheim, t. Baden, 3 N. Lahr. Pop. 1,500.
Friesland, pr. Neth., bounded N. by the Ger
man ocean, E. by Groningen and Overissel. S.
by Overissel and the Zuyder Zee, and W. by the
river Flie. Friesland, in its air and soil, resem
bles Holland, especially in the NW. parts, which
lie lower than the sea, and are particularly re
markable for fine pastures, in which, besides
excellent oxen, cows, and sheep, a great num
ber of large horses are bred for sale in Germany
and other countries. In the more elevated parts
is found good corn land. Lcwarden is the cap
ital. Sq. m. 1,152. It is divided into the three
following districts. Pop.
Lewarden . ., 93,220
Sneek . . 45,769
Heerenveen . . 37,568

Total 176,557
Friesland, (East,) pr. Hanover, bounded N.
by the sea, E. by Oldenburg, S. by Oldenburg
and Meppen, and W. by Groningen ; about 38
miles from N. to S. and 36 from E. to W. The
air is moist and thick, but much purified by sea
breezes ; the spring and harvests are late ; the
land is flat, low, and defended by strong and
lofty dikes against the waves of the sea. The
land along the coast is rich and fertile, chiefly
meadow land, with a few corn-fields. The in
habitants are mostly Lutherans and partly Cal
vinists ; the Catholics have a free toleration in
many towns, and the Moravians at Emden,
Leer, and Norden. The principal towns are
Aurich, Norden, and Eraben. It is divided into
12 districts. Sq.m. 1,113. Pop. 120,826. H.
21,673. Frigate Bay, bay on S. coast of the island of
St. Christopher ; 2 ESE. Basseterre.
Frigeno,X. Italy; 7 NNE. Breno.
Frigent, see Fricenlo.
Frigiliara, X. Spain, in Granada ; 13 E. Velez

Frignano, X. Italy ; 15 S. Modena.
Friken, lake, Sweden, in Warmeland ; 40 m.
in length, but narrow.
Frillendorf X. Hesse Cassel ; 5 NNE. Ziegen-
hayn. Fringy Bazar, X. Bengal, in Dacca, on Dulla-
sery, near its junction with the Megna. Lon.
SO. 23. E. Lat. 23. S3. N.

Fringypet, X. Canary ; 6 E-. Mangalore.
Frio, r. Spain, which rises in Grenada, and
runs into the sea, at Toros.
Frisawa, r. Moravia, which runs into the
Marsch, 5 N. Muglitz.
Frischbach Allen, mt. Stiria ; 10 E. Pruck.
Frisch Haff, gulf, or arm of the sea, on foe
coast of Pomerania, S. of the Baltic ; 25 miles
in length from E. to W. and 8 from N. to S.
The Oder passes through it at E. extremity.
Frisch Haff, bay, or arm of foe sea, between
Konigsberg and Elbing, separated from the Bal
tic by a tongue of land, called Frisch Nerung ;
about 54 m. in length, aud hardly 6 in breadth.
It communicates with foe Baltic by a narrow
passage, near Pillau. 1|
Frisch Nerung, narrow slip of land, Prussia,
which lies between the Baltic and foe Frisch
Haff; 26 miles long, and hardly 2 wide.
Frischling, r. Prussia, which rises about 10 N.
Preusisch Eylau, and runs into the Frisch Haff,
2 SW. Brandenburg.
Frisnik, X. Moravia, in Iglau ; 4 SSE. Iglau.
Frisoit, see Frysoyta.
Fritzlar, X. Hesse Cassel, capital of a province
of the same name, on the Edder; 13 SSW.
Cassel. Lon. 9. 13. E. Lat. 50. 6. N. Pop.
2,237. 2 Cath. chh., 1 convent— Pop. of the
province, 15,328, of whom 13,622 are Catholics.
Sq. m. 132.
Friuli, pr. Italy, subject to Austria, bounded
N. by Carinthia, S. by the gulf of Venice; di
vided into tw5 parts, Austrian and Venetian.
Pop. of Austrian Friuli about 120,000. Sq. m.
2,500. Chief town, Trieste. Venetian Friuli,
lying westward, is more fertile and populous,
containing about 370,000 inb., and produces
silk in great abundance. Chief town, Udina.
The language is neither Italian nor German, but
bears a resemblance to the ancient French.
Venetian Friuli now forms a part of the Aus
trian government of Venice, and Austrian Fri
uli, a part ofthe Austrian kingdom of Iliyria.
Friuli, or Cividad del, or Citta di Friuli, (an.
Forum Julii,) t. Aust. Iliyria, Goritia ; 32 NNW.
Trieste, 185 ENE. Milan. Lon. 13. 21. E. Lat.
46. 10. N. Pop. 4,000. Bp. see. It is situated
at the foot of the mountains which separate
Friuli from Carniola, on the river Natisone, and
is well built, and contains a collegiate church
with a chapter, 3 monasteries, and 2 nunneries.
Frobishtr's Straits, or Forbisher's Straits, nar
row sea on the W. of Davis's Strait, to the S. of
Cape Walsinghani of Frobisher. Lon. 65 to 70.
W. Lat. 61. 50. to 63. 20. N.
Frodersdorf X. Saxony ; 3 NE. Belzig.
Frodlingham, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, market on
Thursday ; 12 N. Beverley, 194 N. London. Pop.
484. Frodsham, X. Eng., in Cheshire, at the conflux
of the Wever and the Mersey, market on Thurs
day; 10NE. Chester, 182 NNW. London. Lon.
2.57.W. Lat. 53. 21. N. Pop. 1,349. The prin
cipal trade is in salt, of which near 7,000 tons
are annually refined.
Frog Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 91. 60. W.
Lat. 53. 15. N.
Froges, X. France, Isere ; 9 NNW. Grenoble.
Frogose, X. Portugal, in the province of Entre-
Duero-e-Minho ; 3 N. Barcelos^

FRO

623

FUC

Frohburg, X. Sax., in Leipsic, on the Wichra;
5 SSE. Borna, 15 SSE. Leipsic. Lon. 12. 28. E.
Lat. 51. 5. N. Pop. 1,950. The inhabitants have
a manufacture of stuff and earthen-ware.
Frohens-le- Grand, X. France,in Somme ; 6NW.
Doulens. Frohn Stockheim, X. Bav. ; 3 E. Wurzburg.
Frohna, X. Sax., in Erzgebirg ; 8 NW. Chem
nitz. Pop. 454.
Frohnsdorf X. Pru. Erfurt ; 7 SE. Weissensee.
Frohnspurg, X. Austria ; 1 S Hardegg.
Frojan, X. Spain, Galicia ; 22 NNE. Orense.
Frojered, X. Sweden, in West-Gothland ; 70 E.
Uddevalla. Froissy, X. France, Oise ; 5 SSW. Breteuil.
Frollersdorf t. Moravia, Znaym, on the Taya.
Pop. 490.
Frolois, X. France, Cote-d'Or ; 21 NW. Dijon.
Fromail, X. Walachia; 15 NE. Bucharest.
Frome, r. Eng., in Somerset, which joins the
Avon, about 5 SE. Bath.
Frome, r. Eng., which runs into foe Lug, near
Hereford. Frome, r. Eng., in Dorsetshire, which passes
by Dorchester, fac, and runs into the sea in
Poole Harbour, a little below Wareham.
Frome, r. Eng., Gloucestershire, which joins
the Avon, at Bristol.
Frome, r. Eng., which runs into the Severn,
near Berkeley, in Gloucestershire.
Frome, or Frome Selwood, X. Eng., in Somer
set ; 13 S. Bath, 104 W. London. Lon. 2. 18.
W. Lat. 51.13. N. Pop. 9,493. It is situated on
the Frome, near the forest of Selwood; long
celebrated for its manufactures of woollen cloth,
of Which 600,000 yards are made annually. It
hjas a weekly market on Wednesday.
Fromeries, X. France, Somme ; 7 SW. Poix.
Fromigue're, X. France, East-Pyrenees ; 7 N.
Montlouis. '
Fromista, X. Spain, Leon ; 18 N. Palencia.
Frondenberg, t. Pru., Mark ; 2 W. Unna.
Fronsac, X. France, in Gironde, on the Hie ; 2
NW. Libourne. Pop. 1,339.
Front Royal,, p-v. Frederick co. Va. ; W. 74.
Fronte, t. Piedmont, on the Marlon; 5 NE.
Lanzo, 11 N. Turin.
Fronteira, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 10 N.
Estremos. It is remarkable for a victory which
the Portuguese obtained over the Spaniards,
in the year 1663.
Fronteitten, X. Stiria ; 14 NNW. Gratz.
Frontenhausen, X. Bavaria, in Iser; 5 S. Din-
gelfingen, 14 E. Landshut. Pop. 866.
Frontignan, X. France, in Herault; 4 NE.
Cette, 12 SSW. Montpellier. Lon. 3. 45. E.
Lat. 43. 27. N. Pop. 1,420. It is celebrated
for its wine, generally called Frontigniac.
Fronto, now Fortore.
Fronton, X. France, in Upper Garonne ; 15 N.
Toulouse, 18 SE. Castle Sarasin. Pop. 1,687.
Froogarde, X. Norway, in the diocess of
Drontheim ; 60 SSE. Drontheim.
Frookaboo; X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 5.
20. W. Lat. 12. 45. N.
Frocasco, X. Piedmont ; 13 SW. Turin.
Frosburg, p-v. Alleghany co. Md. ; W. 143.
Froschgrun, X. Bav. ; 3 SE. Lichtenberg.
Frose, t. Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg ; 10 S.
Magdeburg. Pop. 593.

Froso, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 14. E. Lat 63. 34. N.
Froson, X. Sweden, in Jamtland, on an island
in lake.Storsio ; 100 NW. Hernosand. Lott. 15.
E. Lat. 63. 10. N.
Frossay, X. France, in Lower-Loire ; 4 SE.
Painbceuf. Frouard, X. France, in Meurte, on the Mo
selle ; 4 NNW. Nancy, 10 NE. Tout
Froulay-Tessi, X. France, in Orne; 7 SE.
Domfront Frouquie, small isl. in the English channel,
1 mile from W. coast of Jersey.
Froyen, isl. North sea, near the coast of Nor
way; 35 m. in circ. Lon. 9. E. Lat. 63. 45. N.
v Frozen Ocean, or Icy Sea, sea extending N.
of Asia into the unknown regions of the pole,
between Nova Zembla and Fohutski Ness.
Frozes; X. France, in Vienne ; 5 W. Poitiers.
H. 230.
Fruchilan, small isl. near W. coast of Scot.
Lon. 5. 10. W. Lat. 58. 3. N.
Frudenburg, see Freudenburg.
Fruga, X. Africa ; 20 SSE. Morocco.
Frnges, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 9 N.
Hesdir,, 12 SW. Arras. Pop. 2,223.
Fruhitan, isl. near W. coast of Ireland ; 3 W.
Masa Point.
Fruitstown, p-v. Lycoming co. Pa. ; W. 189.
Frumo, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 37. E. Lat. 65. 23. N.
Frur, or Nobfieur, or Tavern, small isl. in the
Persian gulf. Lon. 54.20. E. Lat. 26. 10. N.
Frusinone, X. Popedom, in the Campagna,
anciently a town of the Volsci ; 18 N. Terraci-
na, 25E.Veletri. Lon. 13. 13. E. Lat. 41. 40. N.
Frutingen, X. Switz., in Berne, which gives
name to a bailiwick, and esteemed one of the
most beautiful places in Switzerland ; 8 S.
Spietz, 30 SE. Friburg.
Fryberg, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 9 W. Rosen
berg. Fry's Bay, bay on SW. coast of the island Of
Antigua ; 2 S. Reed Point.
Fryeburg, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Saco ;
35 WSW. Paris, 60 NW. Portland, 120 N. by
E. Boston, W. 563. Lon. 70. 47. W. Lat. 42.
2. N. Pop. 1,057. It is a considerable town,
and contains a pleasant and handsome village,
with a respectable academy, and some trade.
Great quantities of maple sugar are made in this
vicinity. Fryingpan, dangerous shoal in the Atlantic,
near the coast of N. Carolina, at the mouth of
Cape Fear river ; 24 SSE. of the light house on
Bald head. Lon. 75. W. Lat. 33. 32. N.
Frykeryd, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 10 NW.
Philipstadt. Fryksande, X. Sweden, in Warmeland; 35
NW. Philipstadt.
Frysoyta, X. Oldenburg ; 38 SSE. Emden, 64
N. Munster. Lon. 7. 46. E. Lat. 52 17 N
Pop. 789.
Fuca, (Straits of) see Juan de Fuea.
Fuccage,X. Japan, Ximo; 30 E. Nangasaki.
Fuchini, see Idsumi.
Fucecchio, X. Tuscany, on a lake ; 18 SSW
Pistoia, 22 W. Florence. Pop. 4,600.
Fuchswinke, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 S. Patsch-
kau.

FUE

624

FUL

Fucinus, now Celano.
Fuco, r. Canada, which runs into lake St.
Clair, Lon. 82. 30. W. Lat. 42. 42. N.
Fudal Baba, mt. Natolia ; 10 m. from Cpgni.
Fuddah, r. Algiers, which rnns into rm*Shel-
lif, 5 E. Sinaab.
Fudia, one of the Western islands of Scot
land, small and mountainous. Lon. 7.23. W.
Lat. 57. 2. N.
Fue, see Faoua.
Fuego, see Terra del Fuego.
Fuego, or Fugo, or St. Philip, one of the
Cape Verd islands. The former name it re
ceived from a volcano, that throws out flames
which may be seen at a great distance in the
night ; clouds of ashes, which suffocate cattle ;
pumice-stones, which float on the sea; and
torrents of sulphur. The island is about 15
miles in length. Lon. 24. 20. W. Lat. 15. 0. N.
Pop. 4,000.
Fuegos, one of the Philippine islands ; about
36 miles in circ, and pretty high land in the
centre. Lon. 123. 26. E. Lat. 9. 20. N.
Fueloe, see Fogloe.
Fiien, r. China, which runs into the Hoang,
in Chan-si, Lon. 110. 14. E. Lat. 35. 29. N.
Fuencaliente, X. Spain, in Old Castile, near
foe source of the Xalon ; 15 N. Siguenca.
Fuensalida, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 18
NNW. Toledo.
Fuen-si, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si ; 12 WNW. Teho.
Fuen-toheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
the province of Chan-si, situated on the river
Fuen ; celebrated for its hot baths ; 2S0 SW.
Peking. Lon. 111. 20. E. Lat. 37. 20. N.
Fuente, (La,) t. Spain, in Asturia ; 20 SW.
Santillana. Fuente Duenna, X. Spain, in New Castile, on
the Tagus : 24 SE. Madrid.
Fuente tie la Figuera, X. Spain, in Valencia,
on a rock at the foot of a calcareous mountain ;
56 SE. Valencia. Pop. 2,250.
Fuente- Ginaldo, X. Spain, in Estramadura,
used- in the war of succession by the Spaniards
as a depot of corn and cattle ; 16 NW. Coria.
Fuente de Nansa, X. Spain, in Asturia ; 28
SW. Santander.
Fuente el Ohio, X. Spain, in Old Castile, be
tween Segovia and Aranda de Duero.
Fuente Ovejuna, X. Spain, in Cordova; 32
NW. Cordova. Pop. 6,424.
Fuente de la Piedra, X. Spain, in Grenada; 6
miles from Antiquera. Here is a medicinal
spring, whose virtues were known to the an
cients, and celebrated for curing several disor
ders, particularly the gravel.
Fuente de laReyna, t. Spain, in Valencia; 15
N. Segorbe.
Fuente del Sahuco, or Fuente de Sahurro, t.
Spain, in -Leon ; 16 miles from Salamanca.
Fuentelsol, X. Spain, Old Castile ; 32 N. Avila.
Fuenterabia, see Fonlarabia.
Fuentes, X. Spain, with a Carthusian monas
tery, Aragon, on the Ebro ; 20 SSE. Saragossa.
Fuentes, t. Spain, Leon; 13 NW. Placentia. '
Fuentes de Onoro, X. Spain, in Leon ; 13 W.
Civdad Rodrigo. A severe battle was fought
here, May 3, 1811, between the French under
Massena, and the Allies under Wellington.

Fuerbuch, v. Baden ; 18 S. Freyburg. In 1796,
the French were defeated here by the Austrians.
Fuersbrun, X. Austria ; 2 NE. Haderstorf.
Fuerte, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf
of California, Lat. 27. N. Length, 150 miles.
Fuerte de St. Josef, X. S. America, in Tucu
man ; 95 NE. St. Miguel de Tucuman.
Fuerte de Valbena, X. S. A., in Tucuman, on
the Salado ; 60 ENE St. Miguel de Tucuman.
Fuerteventura, see Fortevenlura.
Fuessen, or Fussen, t. Bav. Upper Danube,
capital of a district, on the Lech ; 47 S. Augs
burg, 65 E. Constance. Lon. 10. 43. E. Lat.
47. 34. N. Fop. 1,550. In the year 1745, a
peace between the emperor of Germany and
the elector of Bavaria was settled in this town,
Fufa, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 140 WNW. Jedo.
Fuga, one of the islands called Babuyanes,
22 miles in circ. Lon. 121. 27. E. Lat. 19. N.
Fugas, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
sea, near Jubo, on the coast of Zanguebar.
Fugger, name of certain lordships of Swa
bia, possessed by a family called Fugger, who
were raised in the 16th century to the dignity
of counts of the empire. The family was di
vided into 7 branches, whose possessions col
lectively contained a population of about
30,000, now subject partly to Bavaria, and
partly to Wurtemberg. Chief towns, Baben
hausen and Kirchberg.
Fugitiva, (La,) small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 151.50. W. Lat. 14.20. S.
Fugloe, see Fogloe.
Fuhrfeld, X. Baden ; 4 SW. Wimpfert.
Fulme, r. Saxony, which runs into the Mul-
da, 2 S. Ragune.
Fuh-sanah, X. Tunis ; 10 WSW. Tunis.
Fuhse, r. Ger., which runs into the Allier,
near Zell.
Fuicht, or Waldfuicht, X. Neth. Limburg; 3
E. Susteren.
Fuillee, (La,) t. France, in Lower-Seine ; 9
W. Gournay.
Fula, see Foulah.
Fulda, formerly a bishopric fa principality,
Ger., in Upper-Rhine ; bounded N. by Hesse
Cassel, E. by the county of Henneberg, S. by
the bishopric of Wurzburg, and W. by the prin
cipality of Isenburg and Hesse ; about 40 miles
in length, and from 7 to 25 in breadth. The
country is mountainous and woody, with some
rich arable lands, and some salt and medicinal
springs. Pop. 80,200. — In 1814H was divided,
and a district containing 27,000 inhabitants, was
given to Saxe Weimar, and the rest to Prus
sia. Prussia has since ceded her portion to
Hesse Cassel, and it now forms a province of
the latter government. Sq. miles of the pro
vince 619. Pop. 63,200. H. 8,040.
Fulda, city, Hesse Cassel, capital of the pro
vince ofthe same name, situated on the Fulda;
43 E. Wetzlar, 63 ENE. Mentz. Lon. 9. 44. E.
Lat. 50. 34. N. Pop. 7,468. H. 995. Bp. see.
It has manufactures of woollens, linen, and
earthen ware, and 4 Catholic churches, 1 Luth
eran, a Franciscan convent, 3 hospitals, and a
gymnasium. Here was formerly a Catholic
university, founded in 1734, which has been
converted into a lyceum with six professors.
The library contains a number of ancient and
rare manuscripts. — Native, A. Kircher.

FUN

625

FUR

F«tdo,r. Ger.^in Upper-Rhine, which passes
by the town of > Fulda, and joining therWerra
at Minden, they together form the Weser.
Fulfinio, now Veglia.
Falgo;r. Hind., which runs into the Mahany,
10 NNW. Bahar. '<
Fulham, v. fa parish, Eng., in Middlesex, by
the side of the Thames^ over which is a bridge,
where foot passengers are subject to a toll, as
well as horses and- carriages; 4'W. London,
Fop. 5,903. The bishop of London has a pa
lace here, with fine and extensive, gardens.
Fulkrtol, X. Hind., in Rohilcund ; 20 ESE.
Pillrbeat. Fullerton Point, cape on W. coast of Antigua;
Lon. 61. 35. W. Lat. 17. 13. N.
Fullertool, t. Hind., in Oude, district of Pilli-
beat ; 20'ESE; Pillibeat Lon. 80. E. Lat. 28.
35. N.
Fullmoon Shoal, shoal, off Cape Hatteras, N.
C, with 10 or 12 feet depth at low water.
Fulneck, v. Eng.,!in Yorkshire ; 4£.milesirom
Leeds ; settled by Moravians.
Fulnek; t. Moravia, in Prerau; 21 NE. Pre
rau. Lon. 17. 54. E. Lat. 49. 37. N. Pop. 3,045.
This is a place of considerable consequence in
the history of the Moravian church.
Fulla, X. Bengal, on E. side of the Hoogly,
where some of the English retreated when they
fled from Calcutta, in J756; 24 SSW. Calcutta.
It is a considerable town.
Fultawary, X. Bengal ; 26 N. Purneah.
Futt»n,p-v. Sumpter district, S. C. ; W. 507.
Fulwar, X. Hind.,, in Lahore, on the getledge;
35 N W. Sirhind,' 100 SEi Lahore.
Fumay, t.France, Ardennes; 2J- posts N. Ro-
eroy, 2§ S; Givet. Lon. 4. 44. E. i Lat. 50. N.
Fop. 1,740. The principal trade is in slates.
Fumbo, one of the Querimba islands, in the
Indian sea. Lat. 13. 6. S.
Fumel, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on
the Lot; 8 N. Tournois, 9 ESE. Monflanquin.
•POp. 2,079.
Fwmen, X. Persia, in Ghilan; 10 NW. Reshd.
Fumone, X. Popedom, in Campagna, with a
castle seated on an eminence; 4NW. Alatri.
Funai, or Fugeo, X. Japan ; situated on a bay
on E. coast of Ximo. Lon. 133. 20. E. Lat. 33.
20. N.
Funchal, or Funchial, s-p. capital of the isl
and of Madeira. Lon. 17. 4. W. Lat. 32. 38. N.
Pop. 12, pr 15j000. H. 2,000. Bp. see. The
harbour is defended by several batteries, and
a castle. It contains 6 parishes, several chapels,
6 convents, and 3 hospitals. The streets
are narrow, winding, and dirty, and the city
is irregularly built. Some ofthe houses are neat,
and the windows sashed with lath-work, but
with openings wide enough for those within to
see arid be seen. The principal trade of the
inhabitants consists in wine and sweetmeats.
Puncheon, r. Ireland, which runs into Black-
water river, 5 N. Rathcormuck, in Cork.
Fundaon, X. Portugal, in Beira; 22 W. Al-
fayates. Fundo, X. Moldavia ; 44 WNW. Birlat
Fundi, see Fondi.
Fundy, (Bay of) bay, N. America, between
New Brunswick and Nova-Scotia, extending
about 200 miles in a NE. direction. It is 12
Vol. I. 79

leagues across from St. John's, N. B. to the
gut of, Annapolis, N. S. ; here the ,tid,cj3; rise .30
feet. ¦ In the basin of Mfoas, foe eastern arm of
the bay, the tides rise 40 feet; and. at the head
ofthe northeastern arm, called Cliigneeto chan
nel, they rise 60feet:Thesa tides are so rapidas
to overtake animals feeding on. the shore.
Funen, or Fyen, isl, Denmark, at. the en
trance of the Baltic, nearly of an oval form;
with some irregularities, extending from N.
to S. about 35 miles, and from E. to W. about
30. Pop. 112,000. Sq.m. 1,194. Itisafer-
tile and pleasant, island; most of the Danish
nobility have seats here. The soilyields great
crops of corn, so that nearly 100,000 barrels
are exported annually to Norway and Sweden,
exclusive of the consumption at home. The
inhabitants keep a great number of bees, and
with the honey produced, make mead, which
formed a considerable article of trade,, befog
sent to every part.of the kingdom. Odensee is
the capital. Lon. 9. 40, to 10. 60, E. Lat. .55.
7. to 55. 36. N.
Funes, X. S. A., in Popayan ; 15 S. Fastro.
lFunfkir.chen,,ov Five Churches, oxPels, royal
free t. Hungary, capital of. Baranya, between
the Drave and the Danube; 100 S.by W. Pest,
140 WNW. Belgrade, 175 SSE. Vienna. Lon.
18.45.E. Lat. .46:5. N. Pop. 8,487. H.2,000.
Bp. see. It is situated, on the ascent of a lime
stone ridge, in a district fertile especially in
wine, is moderately well built, and has an
imposing aspect It contains a fine cathedral,
7 churches, several monasteries, a public libra
ry of .upwards of 20,000 vols., a military and a
civil academy, and 2 hospitals. EaGh of foe
churches and monasteries .has 2 or more
Steeples. It is the most considerable tracing
town in this part of Hungary, and is noted for
its tobacco, and for the swine and cattle sold at
its markets. A university was founded here in
1364 by Louis I., at one period containing up
wards of 2,000 students, but was destroyed af
ter the battle of Mohacs in 1526, and not after
wards re-established.- The Jesuits founded a
college here in 1694, which grew into much
repute. Fungeno, or Fungando, km. Africa, between
the Zaire and the Coanza, subject to Anziko.
Funikedy, t. Africa, Kaarta ; 36 N. Kemmoo.
Funk Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, pear
NE. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 52. 15. W.
Lat. 50. N.
Funkabun, X. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 15 W.
Fehrabat. Funkstown, p-t. Washington co. Md., on An-
tietara creek ; .3 SE. Hagerstown, W. 68. P.538.
Funza, see Bogota, and Tequendama.
Fuorli, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra; 21 SSE.
Sulmona. Fur, see Dar Fur.
Fura, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland ;
5 W. Udrigill head.
Fura; mt. Africa, in Mocaranga, rich in gold ;
30 miles from Massapa.
Furajanno Soo, r^&frica, in Fooladoo. Lon.
7. W. Lat. 13. 16. N.
Furans, r. France, which runs into the Isere,
near Romans.
Furca, mt. Switz., on NE. extremity of the

FUR

626

FUT

Valais, whose height is 13,171 feet above thesea.
Furcula, mt. Switz. ; 13 W. Chiavenna.
Fwriana, r. Sicily, which runs into the sea,
on N. coast, Lon. 12. 45. E. Lat. 38. 11. N.
Furina, r. Cuba, which runs into the Spanish
main, Lon. 76. 10. W. Lat 20. 3. N.
Furmion, X. Istria ; 18 ESE. Umago.
Furna, small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago.
Lon. 26. 19. E. ILat. 37. 42. N.
Fumeaux Island, island in foe S. Pacific
ocean. Lon. 143. 16. W. Lat. 17. 5. S. This
is alow, half-drowned island, or rather a co
ral shoal, of about 20 leagues in circuit. A very
small part of it is land, which consisted of little
islets ranged along N. side, and are connected
by sand-banks and breakers.
Fumes, or Vewrne, X. Neth., in W. Flanders,
capital of a district, on the canal made from
Bruges to Dunkirk, about 3 miles from the sea ;
16 SW. Ostend, 20 NNW. Ypres. Lon. 2. 40.
E. Lat. 51. 5. N. Pop. 3,452. The town-house
is a good building, adorned with figures of kings
and princes: it has a handsome tower, with
musical' chimes.
Furet la Valette, X. France, in Loire ; 12
miles from St. Etienne.
Furripour, X. Hind., in Rohilcund ; 12 S.
Bareilly. Furruckabad, t. Hind., in Agra, on W. side of
the Ganges ; 75 E. Agra, 76 NW. Lucknow.
Lori. 79. 52. E. Lat. 27. 23. N. It is capital of
a small district, about 30 miles in length, along
the bank of the Ganges, It is a flourishing town,
and carries on a considerable trade. The streets
are wide, and the houses are shaded with trees.
Furruckabad, X. Bengal, near the Ganges ; 42
NNW. Moorshedabad.
Fvrrys Town, X. Jamaica, in St, James co. ;
20 NE. Savanna la Mer.
Fursey, small isl. Eng., a,t the entrance into
Pool harbour.
Farshout, see Farshiut,
Furslenau, t. Han., in Osnabruck ; 8 SE.
Lingen, 15 NNW. Osnabruck. Pop. 942.
Furslenau, X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 3 S, Lau-
enstein. Furslenau, t. Prussia ; 8 N. Marienburg.
Furslenau, t. Silesia, in Breslau; 15 SW.
Breslau. Furslenau, t. Hesse, on the Mumling ; 4 N.
Erbach. Furstenberg, t. Ger., in Waldeck; 10 W.
Waldeck, 27 W. Cassel.
Furstenberg, X. Baden, which gaye name to a
principality, in Swabia, with a ruined castle ;
14 NNW. Schaffhausen, 62 SSW. Stuttgard.
Lon. 8.27. E. Lat. 47. 57. N. Pop. 212; The
principality contains 82,990 inhabitants. Sq.
m. 826. It is now chiefly included in the grand
duchy of Baden. Smaller portions belong to
Wurtemberg and Siegmaringen.
Furstenberg, X. Pru. Minden ; 2NE. Wunnen-
burg. Furstenberg, X. Pru. Lusatia, in Frankfort; on
the Oder; 11 N. Guben, 13 S. Frankfort on the
Oder. Lon. 14.48. E. Lat 52. 7. N. Pop. 1,360.
Furstenberg, X. Ger., in Mecklenburg Stre-
litz, on the Havel ; 10 SE. Strelitz, 40 N. Ber
lin. Lon. 13. 14. E. Lat. 53. 10. N. Pop. 1,800.
Fursteneck, X. fa castle, Hesse Cassel, in Ful
da; 13 N. Fulda.

Furstenfeld, t. Stiria, situated on the confines'
of Hungary, near the conflux of the Feistritz
and Laufnitz; 30 E. Gratz, 68 S.Vienna. Lon.
15. 59. E. Lat. 47. 3. N. Pop. 1,694.
¦ Furstenfeld, t. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frank
fort ; 10 N, Custrin, 50 ENE. Berlin. Lon. 14.
42. E. Lat 52. 48. N. Pop. 929.
Furstenwalde, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frank
fort, on the Spree ; 20 W. Frankfort on the
Oder, 26 E. Berlin. Lon. 14. 8. E. Lat. 52. 22.
N. Pop. 2,625.
Furstenwalde, t. Saxony, in Meissen; 2 S.
Lauenstein. Furstenwerder, t. Pru. Brandenburg, in Pots
dam ; between the Damsee and Wahrensee.
10 WNW. Prenzlow. Lon. 13. 36. E. Lat. 53.
23. N. Pop. 904.
Furth, t. Bavaria, on the Champl ; 56 NNW.
Passau, 86 NNE. Munich. Lon. 12. 42. E. Lab
49. 17. N, Pop. 1,738.
Furth, t. Hesse ; 6 SE. Heppenheim.
Furth, X. Bavaria, circle of Rezat, at the con
flux of the Rednitz and Pegnitz ; 4 W. Nurem
berg. Pop. 12,705 ; 2,673 Jews. It contains
2 churches, 4 'synagagues, and a Jewish uni
versity with 200students. The inhabitants are
mostly employed in manufactures, as glass of
all kinds-, watches, saddles, stockings, gold-
beating, joinery, fac.
Furtwangen, t. Baden, circle of the Danube ;
13 E. by N. Freyberg. Pop. 2,058.
Furum, small isl'. Baltic, near E, coast of
Sweden. Lon. 16. 32. E. Lat. 57. 17. N.
Fwruo, small isl. in N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 24. E. Lat, 65. 40. N. -
Furusund, isl. in the Baltie, belonging to
Sweden, Lon. 18. 45. E. Lat. 59.46. N.
FusanafX. Africa, in Tunis ; 28 SW.Keff.
Fuscado, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 15
NW. Cosenza.
Fusheng, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 36 N. Herat.
Fusignano, t. Italy ; 16 SSW. Cornachio.
Fusini, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 16 SE. Meaco.
Fusivata, t. Japan, Niphon } 56 SSE, Meaco.
- Futak,- X. Hungary, on foe Danube, opposite
Peter Wardein ; situated in a plain, where the
Imperialists had a camp in 1736 ; 16 SSE. Bacs.
Futfag'unge, t. Hind., Oude ; 15 SE. Fyzabad.
Futtasing, circar, Bengal, bounded NE. and
E. by Raujfesby and Kishenagur, S; by Burd
wan, and NW. by Raujeshy and Birboom ; of a
triangular form, and about 60 miles in circ.
Futtahpoor, (formerly Sikry,) X. Hind., in Agra,
24 Agra. Lon. 77. 34. E. Lat. 27, 5. N. Here
is a tomb of the saint Shak Seleem Cheesty,
situated on a mountain, and resorted to by
Mahometan pilgrims;
Futliapour, X. Bahar ; 24 SSW. Patna.
Futtigur, t. Oude ; 5 S. Furruckabad.
Futtipour, t. Hind., in Oude ; 30 SE. Corah.
Fatlipour, t. Bahar ; 40 NNW. Durbangah.
Futtipour, t. Bahar ; 13 SSE. Durbungah.
Futtipour, X. Hind., in Bahar; 18 NE. Cu-
prah. Lon. 86. 8. E. Lat. 26. 3. N.
Futtipour, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 27 NW.
Currah. Lon. 81. 13. E. Lat 25. 68. N.
Futtipour, X. Bengal ; 12 N. Nagore.
Futtypour, X. Bengal ; 56 NE. Purneah.
Futwa, t. Hind., in Bahar, at the union of
fhe Little Pompon with the Ganges; 7 SEA

GAB

627

GAC

Patna. Lon. 85. 28. E. Lat. 25. 30. N. It is
famous for the manufacture of table cloths and
sheeting. . ,-
Fuur Land, island, Denmark, at Lymfiord
gulf, about 12 miles in circ, of an irregular
triangular form. Lon. 9. 2. E. Lat. 56. 60. N.
It contains a town, called Fuur, and 2 or 3 vil
lages. Fuzir, t. Hungary ; 12 SSE. Casehau.
Ft/at, see Fayal.
Fyen, see Funen.
Fyers, r. Scot., which runs into Loch Ness,
in Inverness, 10 NE. Fort Augustus. It is chief
ly noted for its stupendous falls, the upper one
of 70 feet; the lower one 2 miles from its
mouth of 207 feet. Though foe river is not
large, yet the mass of water thrown down, is
sufficient to create the most violent agitation,

and to excite in the beholder the strongest
emotions. Fygareara, X. Hind., in Aurungabad'; 10 S.
Jaffierabad. Fyki, X. Japan, in Niphon.;, 40 NE. Jedo.
. Fyttngdale, X. Eng., in North Riding of York
shire. Pop. 1,568.
Fylhe el Bothnd, X. Africa, in Sahara ; 34 SW.
Booferjoone. Fyvie, t. Scot., in Aberdeenshire, near the
Ythan, in the road from Aberdeen to Bamff;
19 S. Bamff, 26 N. Aberdeen. Near it is a
castle, the seat of general Gordon ; and not far
from the church are the ruins of a priory.
Fyzabad, or BUngala, X. Hind., in Oude, on
the Gogra; 65 E. Lucknow, 80 N. Allahabad.
Lon. 82. 24.E. Lat.26.45. N. Itwasoncethe
capital of the province, and though much re
duced, is stili a considerable city.-.

G.

GAB

GAC

GAARDE, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 56 N W.
Christiania.
Gaba, now Kauos.
¦ Gdbala, X. Arabia Felix ; 64 NNE. Aden.
Gabala, or Gabulon, now Gebileh.
Gabaret, t France, in Landes, on the Gelise ;
15 W. Condom, 24. E. Mont de Marsan. Pop.
950. Gabarous Bay, bay on E. coast of the isl. of
Cape Breton. Lon. 60. W. Lat. 45. 50. N.
Gabaselki, t. Rus. Viborg; 36 N. Serdopol.
Gabbiano, X. Piedmont, on the Po ; 17 WNW.
Casal. Pop. 2,058.
Gooet, or Gablona, t. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ;
44 N. Jung Buntzlau, 45 N. Prague. Lon. 14
54. E. Lat. 50. 44. N. Pop. 1,918.
Gaberstorf t. Stiria ; 10 WSW. Gnaa.
Gabes, see Gois.
Gabey, isl. in E. Indian sea. Lon. 126. 24. E
Lat. 0. 6. S.
Gabeziah, see Gebizeh.
Gabion, X. France, in Herault, with a mineral
spring ; near it from a rock issues petroleum, or
native tar ; 7 NW. Pezenas. Pop. 979.
Gabin, X. Poland ; 40 W. Warsaw.
Gabinda, or Kapinda, X. Africa, in Loango.
Gabise, X. Natolia; 28 SE. Constantinople.
Gable End Foreland, cape on E. coast of the
northern island of New- Zealand, in the S. Pa
cific ocean. Lat. 38. 15. S.
Gablenz, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 6 NNW.
Zwickau. Gablonz, X. Bohemia, Buntzlau, nearTurnau.
Pop. 1,500.
Qffbm, v. Africa, Which runs into the Atlantic,

near Cape St. Clara. Lon. 9. 39. E. Lat. 0. 26.
N. It gives name to a country through which
it passes. Gaboong, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
SW. coast of the isl. of Palawan. Lon. 117. 20.
E. Lat. 8. 9. N.
Gdbou, or Jabou, country, Africa, between
Benin and Dahomy, about 150 miles from the
coast ;' the chief trade is in slaves.
Gabrioc, X. France, Aveiron ; 12 NE. Rhodez.
Gabriel, mt. Ireland, in the county of Cork ;
12 S. Bantry.
Gabriel, tide harbour, Lapland, 3 N. Salensi,
12 E. Yiry Biry. Lon. 35. 50. E. Lat. 69. 25. N.
Gabs, or Gabes, or CaAes, t. Africa, in SE. part
of Tunis, in a bay of the Mediterranean, called
the Lesser Syrtis, anciently called Tacape; and
Epichus, by Scylax ; 170 S. Tunis. Lon. 10. 2.
E. Lat. 34. N. A heap of ruins of the ancient
city yet remains, with some beautiful granite
pillars, square, and about 12 feet in length. The
old city, where these ruins are found, was built
upon a rising ground, at half a mile distance
from foe new. The trade of Gabs is chiefly
supported by the cultivation of the alhennah,
an odoriferous plant. At Gabs are several plan
tations of palm-trees.
Gaci, X. France, in Orne ; 12 W. l'Aigle. 13
E. Argentan. Pop. 1^186.
Gachanzipa, X. New Grenada ; 20 N. Santa
Fe. It is situated in a beautifuland fertile
valley. Gacheta, X. New Greneda ; 45 E. Santa Fe
G-aci%, t. France, in Morbihan ; 28 E. bv N
Vannes. Pop. 1,180. '

GA&

629

GAl

(lacs, see Gatsch. ¦
Gadamis, or Ghedemes, (an. Cydamus,) coun
try, Africa, W. of Fezzan, and •100 leaga'es'fro'm
the Mediterranean ; it is said to contain -92 vil
lages. The capital bears the same Hatme,»abr)ut
300 SW. Tripoli. Lon. 10.25. E. Lat. 30. 40.N.
Gadara, now Kedar.
GadebuSCh, X. Ger., in MeclfteWbur^SchWerln,
near which the Swedes defeated the Danes iri
J712; 15 SW! Wismar, 16 WNW. Schwerin.
Lon. 11. 14. E. Lat 53. 45. N. Pop. 1^468.
Gade, r. Eng., Which ri'sesin'N. parf'of Hert
fordshire, aneVrhos into the Colo, near Rick-
mandsworth. Garden, X. Austria; 10 SW. Vienna.
Gaderaw, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 42. E.; JuiMtgttr.
Gaderows Choultry, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ;
17 SSE. Tanjore.
Gadersleben, X. Pru. Magdeburg ; 20 E. Hal-
berstadt Gadi; see Ai.
Gadiag, or Gadtsch, X. Russia, in Tchernigov ;
1 12 SE. Tchernigov. Lon. 33. E. Lat. 50.24. N.
Pop. 2,300.
Gadibunda, X. Hind., Mysore ; 13 N. Chinna '
Balabaram. Gadin, or Gades, now Cadiz.
Gadirtha, now Rahabeh.
Gaditanum Fretum, now Straits of Gibraltar.
Gadou, or Gadona, or Gadua, country, Afri
ca, on S. side of the river Senegal, containing
mines of gold, iron, and saltpetre. Lon. 7. to 9.
W. Lat. 12. 10. to 13. 10. N.
Goet, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 3 S. St
Meen, 9 W. Montfort. Pop. 2,334.
Gaesbeck, t. Brabant ; 7 SW. Brussels.
Gaeta, s-p. Naples, Lavora ; anciently Cajeta,
which name, according to Virgil, it received
from, iEneas's nurse ; 40 NW. Naples. Lon. 13!
32. E. Lat. 41. 5. N. Pop. 1'4,810. H. 1,200.
Bp. see. 10 chh. Its harbour is good, and tole
rably secure. Gaeta is not large ; most of its
streets are very narrow, rind the houses are
built on porticoes. The places adjacent to it
are very pleasant, and its soil exceedingly fer
tile. This town is very well fortified, and as
regular as the ancient wall would permit.
Gatulia, now a part of Biledulgeritt.
Gafda, see Gaza.
Gaferaid, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 32 SE.
Cogrii. Gaffientz, X. Austria ; 16 SSE. Steyr.
Gaffsa, see Gabs.
Gafile, X. Sweden, in the lapmark of Asele, on
a river ofthe same name ; 25 ESE. Asele.
Gafsa, X. Africa, in Tunis, bordering on Bile-
dulgerid, anciently called Capsa, and one of
the strong towns of Jugurtha ; 140 SSW. Tunis,
160 SE. Constantinople. Lon. 8. 54. E. Lat.
34. 29. N. It is situated op a rising ground, and
surrounded with trees of almonds, olives, pista
chios, and other fruits. In the walls of some
private houses, and particularly of the citadel,
(a weak modern building,) there is a great con
fusion of altars, granite pillars, entablatures,
fac. which, when entire and in their proper
situations, must have been great ornaments to
the city.
Gaga, small uninhabited island, Eastern seas,
between Waygiou and Gilolo. Lon. 126. 40. E.
Lat.0. 18.S.

Gaganigurra, X. Hind., in Batatnaul ; '5 E,
Caveripatnam. Gagarawau Bay, bay on N. coast of the isl. of
Stl Vincent)
Gagatun; X. Bengal ; 25 E.. Dacca.
Gage Town, t. New Brunswick; on the St.
John's; 30:SE. FrederickBtown. '
Gages, t France, Aveiron ; 6 NE. Rhodez.
Gaggihau, t. Baden, on the Murg ; 7-ESE.
Rastadt. Pop. 798.
Gagnano, t. Naples, Capitaiiata ; 17 E. Le
sina. '©rtgne.// t SwO'd'eh^ in Daleferirlia; 15 SW.
Fahiurtj Gctgo, km. Africa, with a town ofthe same
nameibNegroland. Lon. 2.E. Bat 12. N, M
is fertile, and abounds in corn, rice, mines of
gold, fac.
Gaguimpar, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 15 WSW.
Hydrabad. Gagul, r. Bessarabia, which runs into the Dan
ube ; 8 E. Reni.
Gaharrn, X. Algiers ; 60 WSW. Tubnah.
Gaja, X. Italy ; 20 S. Modena.
Gajara, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 12 N. Narwa.
Gaicken, X. Prussia ; 5 NE. Strasburg.
Gaidronisi, or Gaitheronesi, i. e. Asses Island,
(an. Patroclea,) small isl. in the Mediterranean,
near S. coast of Candia. This is little more
than a rock, with only a few bunches of thyme.
Lon. 25. 45. E. Lat. 34 48. N.
Gajeram, X. Hind., in Rajamundry ; 15 NW.
Rajamundry. Gaildorf or Gailendorfi or Geildorf X. Wur
temberg, formeily capital of the county of Lim
burg, on the Kocher ; 5 S. Swabian Hall, 38
WSW. Anspach. Lon. 9. 54. E. Lat. 49. N. Pop.
1,377. Gaillac, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Tarn; 8 NNW. Castres, 27 NE.
Toulouse. Lon. 1. 58. E. Lat. 43. 53. N. Pop.
6,465. It is a place of considerable trade, and
foe wine made in the environs is much esteem
ed. It is situated on the Tarn, which is here
navigable. Gaillac, X. France, in Aveiron ; 7 NW. Severac
le Chateau.Gaillac Toulza, X. France, in Upper-Garonne;
12 E. Rieux, 21 S. Toulouse. Pop. 1,438.
Gaillefontaine, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 9
SE. Neufchateau, 9' SW- Aumale. Pop. 950.
Gaitton,t. France, Eure, on the Seine; 7 SE.
Louviers, 9 NW. Vernon. Pop. 980. Near it was
a Carthusian monastery, burned in 1764.
Gailncfu, X. Franconia ; 5 S. Rothenbttl'g.
Gailovskoi, fortress, Russia, government of
Caucasus, on the Ural ; 12 NE. Uralsk.
Gaimersheim, t. Bavaria ; 2 NW. Ingoldstadt,
9 ENE. Neuburg. Fop. 816.
Gainbdtesa, X. Naples, Molise; 18ESE. Molise.
Gainfarhn,X. Austria; 1 SSW.' Baden.
Gaines, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y., on lake On
tario ; 260 W. Albany, W. 430. Pop. 1,134.
Gaines, p-v. Boone co. Ken. ; W. 524.
Gaines' Cross Roads, p-v. Culpepper co. Va. ;
W. 96.
Gainesville, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 26 W. Al
bany. Pop. 1,088.
Gainesborough, p-t. Jackson co. Ten. ; 73
Murfreesborougb, W. 719.

GAL

625

GAL

Gainsborough) X. Eng., in Lincoln, on E. bank
of foe Trent ; 18 NW. Lincoln, 148 N. London.
Lon. 1.45. W. Lat. 53. 26. N. Pop. 5)172. It
is -pleasantly and advantageously situated; ves
sels of considerable burden come up to it; its
commerce is benefitted by canals ; and its trade
is considerable. Market on Tuesday. In the
year 1643, a bloody ;battle was fought here be
tween the Royalists and the Parliament forces
under Cromwell, in which Lord Cavendish was
killed.— -Native, Bp. Patrick.
Gainesburg, p-t. Christian co. Ken. ; 227
Frankfort, W. 780.
Gairsay, one of the smaller Orkney islands, a
little to the NE. of Pomona ; 4 m. in circ. Lon.
2. 51. W. Lat. 58. 51. N. Pap. 50.
Gaissern, X. Stiria ; .12 E. Rottenmann.
Gaisein, X. Russia, -in Podolia; 100 E. by S.
Kaminiec. Goto Water, r. Scot., which runs into the
Tweed, about 2 miles 'above Melross, in Rox-
burgshire. The scenery on the banks of this
stream is beautifully romantic ; and " The braw
lads of Gala Water," is a beautiful Scotch
Song.. Galacz, or Galalz, or Galasi, X. Eu. Turkey,
in Moldavia, on a lake, near the conflux of the
Pruth and the Danube, chiefly inhabited by
Greeks ; 54 W. Ismail, 120 SSW. Bender. Lon.
28.24.E. Lat. 45. 24. N. Pop. 5,000. In the year
1790, it was taken by the Russians, after a
bloody battle, in which the Turks lost 8,000 men .
Galam, see Gallam.
Galon, or Gallon, X. France, in Higher-Pyre
nees; 15 E. Tarbes. Pop. 908.
Galantha, X. Hungary, co. of Presburg; 6
Tyrnau. Pop. 2,300.
Galapagar, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 6 E.
Escurial. Galared, X. Sweden, in Blekingen ; 28 N.
Halmstadt. Galargue, X. France, in Gard ;. 6 SE. Sommi-
eres, 12 S. Nimes.
Galars, X. Transylvania ; 16 SE. Hunvad.
Galashiels, X. Scot., in Selkirk, on the Gala
Water, at its union with the Tweed ; 5 N. Sel
kirk, 30 SE. Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 53. W. Lat.
55. 38. N. Pop. 1,000. This town and its envi
rons have been long famous for the manufac
ture of coarse woollen cloth, called Galashiels
Grey, of which 50,000 yards are made annually.
The mode of husbandry likewise of the neigh
bourhood has been much commended.
Galaso, e. Naples, which runs into the sea,
near Tarento.
Galata, one of the fauxbourgs of Constanti
nople ; see Constantinople.
Galata, small isl. Mediterranean, near the
coast of Tunis. Lon. 9. 30. E. Lat. 38. 15. N.
Galateo, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 6 S.
Mileot, 8 ESE. Nicotera.
Galati, X. Sicily, in the valley of Demona ;
12 SW. Patti, 20 E. Mistretta.
Galatia, ancient country, Asia Minor, N. of
Phrygia, and S. of the Euxine ; now a part of
Natolia. Chief city, Ancyra.
Gdlatola, t. Naples, in Otranto ; 4 ESE. Nar:
do, 10 N. Ugento.
Galaton, see Gallaton.
Galatz, see Galacz.

Galder, t. of the island of Canary.
Galdetoor, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 15 SW. Cos*
simcotla, 86 WSW. Visigepatam.
Galdheim, X. Bavaria ; 7 E- Schweinfurt.
Gate; r. Ireland, which rises in Kerry, and
uniting with the Feal, forms the Cashing.
Gale, see Galld
Gale's Creek, r. N. Carolina, which runs Into
the Atlantic, Lon. 77. 12. W. Lat. 34. 44. N.
Galeachabad, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 3 NW;
Jionppur. Galeapqur, X. Bengal ; 60 WNW. Midnapour.
Galegos, X. Portugal, Entre-Duero-e-Minho ;
4 NE. Barcelos.
Galeien, X. Prussia ; 25 SSE, Brandenburg.
. Galcla, X. on E. coast of Gilolo, Lon. 127.51.
E. Lat. I. 58. N.
Galen, p-v. in Junius, N. Y., W. 419.
Galengarrif Harbour, bay at N. part of Ban-
try bay, in the county of Cork, Ireland.
Galera, X. Spain, in Grenada ; 5 SSE. Hues-
ca, 5 NW. Baza.
Galrea, X. Spain, in Catalonia; 5 SSW. Tor
tosa, 6 NW. Amposta.
Galera, X. Popedom ; 9 SE. Bracciano.
Galera, r. Mexico, which runs into the Paci
fic Ocean, Lat. 15.-55. N.
Galeria, (Gulf of) on the NW. coast of Cor
sica. Lon. 8. 44. E. Lat. 42. 27. N.
Galeron, t. Celebes, celebrated for its fishery ;
15 from Macassar.
Galeso, (an. Gotesus,).r. Italy, which flows
into the sea, 4 W. Tarento.
Galette, (La,) r. Canada, which runs into the
river St. Lawrence, Lon. 75. 27. W. Lat. 44.
46. N. ,
Galfele, now fimfeie^
Galgala, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 40 S. Merritch,
48 S. Visiapour. Lon. 75. 25. E. Lat. 16. 42. N.
Galgon, X. France, Gironde ; 5 N. Libourne,
20 SE. Blaye.
Galhano, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 12 NE. Co
imbra. Galiata, X. Italy, between the Tesino and the
Gogna ; 4 NE: Novara.
Galicana, X. Lucca ; 13 N. Lucca.
Galicia, (an. Callacia,) pr. Spain, bounded
N. and W. by the sea, E. by Asturia and Leon,
and S. by Portugal, from which it is separated
by the river Minho. The soil in general is un
equal and the countiy mountainous, with some
small plains on the sea coa'st. It contains 64
cities and towns, but few considerable ones,
3,242 parishes, 242,264 families, 12,637 reli
gious, 11 cathedrals, 34 hospitals, 14 colleges,
79 convents of men, and 24 of women. The
principal towns are Compostella, Corunna, Lu
go, Orense, Ferrol, and Vigo. Sq. m. 16,736.
Pop. 1,400,000. The inhabitants are styled Gal-
legos, and remarkable for their quiet and hos
pitable disposition, and simplicity of manners.
Galicia, pr. Austria, formerly a part of Po
land, bounded N. by the kingdom of Poland,
E. by Russia, S. by Moldavia, Transylvania, and
Hungary, and W. by Austrian Silesia. Lon. 18.
35. to 26. 50. E. Lat. 47. 50. to 50. 45. N. Sq.
m. 32,189. Pop. 3,755,454; of whom about
1,850,000 are Poles, 1,409,000 Russians, 200,000
Walachians, 190,000 Jews, 72,000 Germans,
5,500 Armenians.— ^Another statement makes

GAL

fisO'

GAL

the number of Jews, in 1817, 422,000. The
state religion is Catholic, though the majority
are ofthe Greek church. Greek parishes 2,800;
Catholic 1,066. Both have an archbishop |at
Lemberg. It contains a part of the late palatinates of
Lublin, Sandomir, Cracow, Red Russia, fac,
and formerly had the title of Galicia and Lodo-
meria. It is now divided in 18 districts or cir
cles. The chief towns are Lemberg, the capi
tal, Halicz, Brody, Jaroslaw, Frezemysl, Sta-
nislowow, Tarnopol, and Czernowitz. The last
is the capital of Bukowine, Which is included
in Galicia. — The rivers are the Vistula, Dnies
ter, Dunajez, San, and Wisloka.
It consists of an immense plain, with scarce
ly an elevation, except in the south where it is
intersected by branches of the Carpathian
mountains. The climate is temperate,* rather
warm ; the soil generally fertile, producing
corn, flax, rape-seed, and fruit Corn and cat
tle are exported, but agriculture is in a very
backward state. The inhabitants are indolent.
The commerce is in the hands of the Jews ; the
land is possessed by the nobles, and the peas
antry are extremely poor.
Galicia, (New,) see Guadalaxara.
Galilee, (Sea of) see Gennesareth.
Galilee, pr. in N. part of Palestine, divided
into Upper and Lower ; the former was called
Galilee of the Gentiles.
Galignana, t. Istria ; 14 NE. RovignO. Pop.
1,300. Galina Point, cape on N. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76. 41. W. Lat. 18. 26. N.
Galinazzo, X. Italy ; 12 N. Brescia.
Galinga, X. Italy ; 16 E. Bergarho.
Galingen, X. Prussia ; 7 S. Bartenstein.
Galinhas, r. Africa, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 11. 15. W. Lat. 7. 5. N. The Por
tuguese call it Magualbari.
Galiola, small isl. in foe gulf of Venice, SW.
Cherso. Lon. 14. 20. E. Lat. 44. 54. N.
Galispa, X. on E. coast of the island of Gilolo.
Lon. 127. 50. E. Lat. 2. 4. N.
Galisteo, X. Spain; in Estramadura ; 10 E
Coria. Galilsch, X. Russia, in Kostrom, on S. side of
a lake to which it gives name ; 56 ENE. Kos
trom. Lon. 60. 40. E. Lat. 57. 56. N. Pop. 3,200.
Galitsch, lake, Russia, about 50 miles in circ.
In Kostrom ; 50 S. Kostrom.
Gotta, t. Arabia Felix ; 24 SE. Taas.
Galla, savage people, Africa, occupying the
countries south of Abyssinia, and have latterly
gained possession of some of the finest provin
ces of that countiy ; viz. Gojam, Demot, Dem
bea, Amhara, Bejemder, and Angott. They are
divided into various distinct tribes.
Galium, or Galam, X. Africa, and capital of a
kingdom called Kajaaga, and by the French,
Gallam, ou the river Senegal. Lon. 10. 50. W.
Lat. 14. 35. N. It is a considerable town, form
ing the emporium of the surrounding regions.
The French built a fort here called Fort St.
Joseph, now in ruins.
Gallam, see Kajaaga.
Gallant, X. Hungary ; 3 SSW. Serat.
Gallao, X. Africa, Bambarra ; 140 E. Sego.
Gallapagos, or Gallipagos, a number of unin

habited islands in the Pacific ocean, on each
side of the equator ; about 200 W. of the coast
of New Grenada. There are only 9 of them of
any considerable size. The largest, called by
the English navigators Albemarle, is about 65
miles long, and 45 broad. They were first dis
covered by the Spaniards, who gave them the
name of Gallapagos, from the number of turtles
found on them. Lon. ofthe southernmost, 90.
0. W. Lat. 1. 22. S.
Gallapagos Rocks, rocks on E. coast of the
isl. of Lucaya. Lon. 77. 10. W. Lat. 27. N.
Gallarato, X. Aust. Italy, in Milan ; 15 SW.
Como, 20 WNW Milan. Pop. 3,345.
Gallatdon, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir; 9
NE. Chartres, 12 W. Dourdan. Pop. 1,253.
Gallatin, co. Illinois, bordering on the Ohio.
Pop. 3jl55. Chief town, Shawneetown.
Gallatin, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio.
Pop. in 1810, 3,307 ; slaves 688. Pop. in 182CL
7,075. Chief town, Port William.
Gallatin, p-t. fa cap, Sumner co. Ten. ; 27
ENE. Nashville, W. "725. Here is a printing
office. Gallatin, r. one of 3 forks ofthe Missouri, in
the Rocky mountains. It is a very rapid stream,
navigable to a considerable distance.
Gallaton, or GallowtoWn, X. Scot., in Fife-
shire ; 15 NE. Edinburgh.
Gattbrunn, X. Austria ; 7 NW. Brugg.
Gatte, see Point de Galle.
Galhj small isl. in foe Atlantic, near the
coast of Brazil. Lat. 27. 50. S.
Gallego, X. Spain, Leon ; 18 SSE. Salamanca.
Gallego, r. Spain, which runs into the Ebro,
opposite Saragossa.
Gallegos, X. Spain, in Old Castile ; 35 NW.
Avila. Gallemberg, X. Carniola ; 30 E. Laubach.
Gallen Head, cape on W. coast of the island
of Lewis. Lon. 7. 4. W. Lat. 58. 11. N.
Gallenbulon, X. Madagascar. Lon. 54. 4. E.
Lat. 17. 20. S.
Gallenek, X. Carniola ; 14 SE. Stein.
Gallenstain, X. Stiria ; 3 W. Reiffling.
Gallese, X. Popedom, in Patrimonio; 25 N.
Rome. G-oZtio, co. S. part of Ohio. Pop. 7,098. Chief
town, Gallipolis.
Gallia, foe ancient name of France, includ
ing Switzerland, Flanders, and Holland.
Gallia Cisalpina, the N. part of Italy, be
tween Etruria and the Alps.
Gallian, see Callian.
Galliano, X. Italy; 6 SSE. Como.
Galliard's Island, small isl. S. Carolina, in the
Santee. Lon. 80. 10. W. Lat. 33. 30. N.
Gallico, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 5 N.
Reggio. Gallicum Fretum, now Strait of Dover.
Gallignana, see Galignana.
Gallinara, small isl. in the Mediterranean,
near the coast of Genoa ; 10 S. Finale. Lon„8.
25. E. Lat. 44. 2. N.
Gallinas, (La,) see Bissagos.
Gallipoli, (an. Callipolis,) s-p. Eu. Turkey, in
Romania, on N. side the strait called Darda
nelles, or strait of Gallipoli, and near the seaof
Marmora ; 80 S. Adrianople, 108 WSW. Con
stantinople. Lon. 26, 37- E. Lat. 40. 26. N.

GAL

631

GAM

F6p. 17,000. Greek bp. see. It gives name to
a government, and is the residence ofthe gov
ernor, called Capudan Pacha. It is tolerably
well built, has two good harbours, and contains
elegant fountains ana' mosques, and extensive
bazars, furnished with every kind of merchan
dise. Gallipoli, (an. Callipolis,) s-p. Naples, in
Otranto, on a rock surrounded by the sea, and
attached to the land only by a bridge; 25
WSW. Otranto. Lon. 15. 58. E, Lat. 40. 29. N,
Pop. 9,137. Bp see. It has a castle, cathedral,
4 churches, 5 convents, and a seminary. The en
virons are planted with olive and cotton trees,
which produce the chief articles of its com
merce. Gallipoli, (Strait of) see Dardanelles.
Gallipolis, p-t. fa cap. Gallia co. Ohio, on
NW. side of the Ohio, 3 miles below the Great
Kenhawa, 51 SE. Chilicothe, 268 below Pitts
burg, W. 389. Pop. 830. It is pleasantly situ
ated on an elevated bank of the river, and con
tains a court house, a jail, and an academy.
Gallo, or Punta de Gallo, small island in the
Pacific ocean, near the coast of Peru. It fur
nishes vessels with wood and water; but is un
inhabited. Lon. 76.47. W. Lat. 2. 28. N.
Gallo, country, Africa, in the Indian sea,
about Lat. 17. S.
Gallomew, X. Pegu, on the Ava ; 60 S. Lund-
say. Galloo, X. Africa, in Bambarra- Lon. 5. 10.
W. Lat. 14.43. N.
Galloo, isl. in E. end of lake Ontario, W. of
Sackett's Harbour.
Gallop Islands, cluster of small islands, in the
river St. Lawrence. Lon. 75. 18. W. Lat. 44.
55. N.
Galloway, X. Gloucester co. N.J. Pop. 1,895.
Galloway, (New,) t. Scot, in Kircudbright,
near the Ken ; 15 N. Kircudbright, 80 SW.
Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 8. W. Lat. 55. 10. N. Pop.
770. Galloway, (Upper, or West,) name sometimes
given to the county of Wigton, in Scotland.
See Wigtonshire.
Galloway, (Mull of) cape," Scot, on S. coast
of the county of Wigton, at E. entrance into
Glenluce bay. Lon. 4. 56. W. Lat 54. 44. N.
Gallslad, X, Sweden, in West Gothland ; 50
E. Gottenburg.
Gallunip, now Aldborough.
Gallyhead, cape ori S coast of Ireland, in the
county of Cork ; 18 SSW. Bandonbridge.
Lon. 8. 54. W. Lat. 51'. 31. N.
Galneikirchen, X. Austria ; 5 N. Steyregg.
Galombdtz, X. Servia ; 20 WSW. Orsova.
Galovskoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan ; 86
SW. Biisk.
Galouwah, or Ghalvah, t, Nubia, situated on
, the Nile.
Galsta, t. Sweden, in West Gothland; 23
ENE. Udevalla.
Galston, v. Scot, in Ayrshire ; 22 S. by W.
Glasgow. Pop. 600.
Galtees, mts. Ireland, between the counties
of Limerick, Tipperary, and Cork ; 25 N. Cork.
Gaitelii, X. Sardinia, anciently the see of a
bishop) but now decayed ; 14 S. Lode.'
Gotten, small island on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 17. E. Lat, 62. 12. N,

Galtrigal Head, see Dunvegan Head!
Galveas, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 24 WNW.
Estremoz. Galveston, v. Louisiana, in the parish of Iber
ville, on S. side of the Amite, at its junction
with the Iberville; 18 N. Donaldsonville; 25
SE. Baton Rouge.
Galveston; small island or sand bank, situat
ed in the bay of St. Bernard ia NW^part ofthe
gulf of Mexico, on foe coast of Texas, about 90
W. of the Sabine. Lat 29. 5. N. It has been a
resort of pirates.
Galuta,X. Arabian Irak; 5N. Shehrban.
Galway, p-t. Saratoga co.N.Y.; 8NW. Balls-
ton, W. 410. Pop. 2,679.
Galway, co. Ireland, in Con'nalught, next to
Cork, foe most considerable in point of size in
the kingdom, but the least populous ; bounded
N. by Mayo and Roscommon, E. by Roscom^
mon, King's county, and Tipperary, S.by Clare
and arm of the sea called Galway Bay, and W.
by the Atlantic ; ahout 76 miles from E. to W.,
and 40 from N. to S., containing 116 parishes,
and 28 chh. H. in 1797, 28,212. Pop. 142,000;
Catholics to Protestants as 40 or 60 to 1 . The
soil is warm and fertile, with a limestone bot
tom. The principal towns are Galway, Tuam,
Ballinasloe, and Loughrc-a.
Galway, X. Ireland, and capital of the county
to which it gives name, situated on a river, which
runs from Lough Corrib into the sea ; 96 W.
Dublin. Lon. 8. 58. W. Lat. 53. 15. N. Fop.
in 1814,24,684. It was originally surrounded by
walls, which are now decayed. The old build
ings of which the town formerly consisted, have
generally given place to better ones. It contains
a large Gothic collegiate church, an exchange, 3
nunneries, 3 friaries, barracks for 2 or 3 regi
ments, a charter school, 2 court houses, an in
firmary, fac. It hassome manufactures of linens
and coarse cloths, and its trade is considerable.
The port is very commodious and safe, but so>
distant from the city, that lighters are necessary
to carry goods into the town. It sends 1 mem
ber to parliament.
Galway Bay, large bay on W. coast of Ireland,
sheltered at' the entrance by the South Arran
Islands ; about 20 m. long, and 7 broad.
Gdlzha, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Black sea ; 10 S. Varna.
Gamaches, X. France, in Somme ; 7 SE. Eu,
12 SW. Abbeville. Pop. 1,037.
Gamazi, X. Egypt ; 12 N. Atfieh.
Gambach, X. Hesse ; 2 W. Munzenberg.
Gambais, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; E.
Hotun. Gambalone, X. Italy ; 3 Vigevano.
Gambara, X. Italy ; 18 S. Brescia. Fop.2,000.
Gambaro, X, Italy, in Fiacenza; 24 S. Pia
cenza. Gambara, X. Italy, on foe Brenta; 5 SW.
Venice. Gambasca,X. Piedmont, on a small river which
runs into foe Po ; 6 W. Saluzzo.
Gambia, country, Africa, which takes its name
from the river that passes through it ; ceded to
England by the peace of 1783.
Gambia, or Gambria, or Gamba, (an. Slachir,)
r, Western Africa, which rises from the moun
tains on foe borders of Foota Jallo, and flows
westerly into the Atlantic, about Lon. 16. 30

GAN

632

GAN

W. Lat. 13. 30. N. It is navigable to Barra-
conda, about 400 miles. In the higher part of
its course, it is called by the natives BaDeema.
It annually overflows its banks. The territory
along its banks is divided among a multitude of
petty sovereignties, foe most considerable of
which is Boor Salurn. The northern side is in
habited chiefly by the Jaloffs and Mandingoes;
the southern by the Feloops. The commerce of
the Gambia is chiefly in the hands of the Eng
lish, who have erected James Fort near its
mouth, and formed the settlement of Bathurst.
Gambler's Islands, group of small isls., about
5 or 6 leagues in length, lying NE. by N. and
SW. by S. Duff's Mountains, two lofty moun
tains, visible at the distance of 14 or 15 leagues,
and so called by Capt. Wilson, from the name
of his ship, lie in the centre, and are situated
Lon. 225. E. Lat. 23. 12. S.
Gainbino, r. Italy, formed1, by several streams.
Which run into the Oglio, near Torre d' Oglio.
Gamble's Station, fort, Ten., 12 Knoxville.
Gambon, r. France, which runs into the Seine,
near Andely.
Gambron, or Gamron, see Gombroon.
Gambrovissa, X. Istria; 9 E. Capb d' Istria.
Gambshurst, X. Baden ; 12 ENE. Strasburg.
Pop. 1,100.
Gamelora, samall isl. in the Mediterranean, j
near NE. coast of Tunis ; 3 E. Cape Zibeeb.
Gamelsbach, X. Hesse ; 7 SE. Erbach.
GamesfieldjX. Franconia; 5 SW. Rothenburg. i
Garnet, or Old Mandoe, small isl. in the N. Sea,
belonging to Denmark ; 3 miles from the conti
nent. Lon. 8. 30. E. Lat 55. 20. N.
Gameza, X. New-Grenada, Tunja ; 10 leagues
N. Tunja.
Gamgo, r. Africa, which runs into the Coan-
za, 15 SE. Maopongo.
Gamling, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
9 S. Oderberg.
Gamlilz, X. Stiria; 11 NNW. Marburg.
Gammacanor, or Gammadour, X. island of Ba-
chian, one ofthe Moluccas.
Gammalamma, X. Ternate, where the king
usually resides.
Gamming, X. Austria; 10 ESE. Bavarian
Waidhofen. Gamming, (Markt,) t. Austria; 10 E. Bavari
an Waidhofen.
Gammo, X. Africa, on the Ivory coast.
Gambs, X. Switz., in St. Gall, in which is a
sulphureous medicinal spring; 6 S. Appenzel.
Gamry Head, cape, Scot, on the N. coast of
Bamffshire ; 6 E. Bamff. Lon. 2. 20. W. Lat.
57. 36. N.
Gan, city, China, of the first rank, and me
tropolis of Se-tchuen. Lon. 103. 30. E. Lat. 31.
16. N.
Gan, city, China, of the second rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 15 E. Paoting, 70 SSW. Peking. Lon.
115. 29. E. Lat. 38. 54. N.
Gan, t. France, in Lower- Pyrenees; 4 S. Pau,
10 E. Oleron. Pop. 2,552.
Gano, t. Arabian Felix ; 150 N. Mocha.
Gana, or Ghana, city, Africa, and capital of
a country governed by a sultan, subject to
Houssan, on N. side of the Niger, near a lake.
The name of this country is by Horneman
written Cano; about 100 E. Cashna, 680 E.

Tombuctoo. Lon. 12. 40. E. Lat 16.10. N.
From the imperfect notices respecting the pres
ent state of this country, it appears to be much
less flourishing than it was several centuries
ago. Ganado, t. Bondou ; 60 WSW. Fatteconda.
Gananoqui, r. U: Canada, which flows into
the St. Lawrence, at Leeds, 20 miles below
Kingston. Ganara, country, Africa, with a town of the
same name, situated on the banks of the Niger.
Lon. 16. E. Lat. 12. 20. N The country is popu
lous and fertile : the articles of commerce are
gold, senna, and slaves.
Ganat, X. Africa, in Sahara, inhabited by the
Tuarick; 200 S. Mourzouk. Lon. 13. 56. E. Lat
24. 40. N.
Ganat-sur-Loire, X. France, in Allier, on the
Loire ; 16 NE. Moulins.
Gandaysville, p-v. Monongaliaco. Va. ; W. 209,
Gande, r. Ger., which runs into the Leine, 4
WSW. Gandersheim.
Gandeli, t. Italy ; £0 NE. Bergamo.
Gandelu, t. France, Aisne ; 8 WNW, Chateau
Thierry, 9 N. La Fetre sous Jouarre. Pop. 500.
Gandersheim, t. Ger., in Brunswick; 20 W.
Goslar, 33 SW. Brunswick. Lon. 10. I.E. Lat.51.
51. N. Pop. 1,941. It is the capital of a district
containing 8,599 inh. It is situated on the river
Gande, and had formerly a celebrated abbey.
Gandeusen, t. Algiers ; 40 WSW. Tubnah.
Gandgourly, t. Hind., Golconda, at foe union
ofthe Manzorah and Godavery; 40 NW. Indo-
lovoy. Gandhar, X. Hind., in Rantampour; 30 SSW.
Raiitampour. .
Ganja; or Gangea, X. Georgia ; 100 SE. Teflis.
Lon. 45. 10. E. . Lat. 41. 32. N.
Gandia, s-p. Spain, in Valencia ; 28 S. Valen
cia, 40 NNE. Alieant. Lon. 0. 19. W. Lat. 39.
0. N. Pop. 6,300. It has an academy of sciences.
Gandicotta, t. fa fortress, Hind., on the top Of
a lofty mountain, by the river Pennar, in Cud
dapa; 33 NW. Cuddapa, 8T WNW. Nellore.
Lon. 78. 29. E. Lat 14. 45. N. The road to it is
narrow, and formed in the rock, by the side of
a frightful precipice. Near it was formerly a
diamond mine.
Gandina, X. Italy ; 10 NE. Bergamo.
Gondola, X. Italy ; 8 NW. Bergamo.
Gandonuille, X. France, in Gers ; 10 E. Lec-
toure. Gandova, r. Abyssinia, which runs into the
Tacazz6, 60 S. Dekin.
Ganegam, X. Ceylon ; 60 SSE; Columbo.
Gonef Islands, cluster of small islands near E.
coast of Labrador. Lon. 56. 10. W. Lat. 54. N.
Ganeygon, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 33 SW.
Amednagur. Gangacolty, t. Thibet ; 68 S. Gangotri.
Gangalagutla, t. Hind., in Cuddapa; 34 N.
Combam. Gangamar, X. Thibet ; IS S. Jhansu Jeung.
Gangapalnam, X. Hind., in the Carnatic, at the
mouth of the Pennar; 14 E. Nellore, 80 N.
Madras. Lon. 80. 12. E. Lat. 14. 25. N.
Gangarono, small island in the gulf of Venice.
Lon. 15. 35. E. Lat. 44. 12. N.
Gangelt, X. Pru. Aix la Chapelle; 12 SSE.
Ruremond. Lon. 5. 59. E. Lat.50.58. N. P.976.

GAN

633

GAP

Ganges, X. France, in Herault ; 19 E. Lodeve,
21 N. Montpellier. Pop. 3,622.
Ganges, called by the natives Ganga, i. e. tAe
river, one of the»greatest rivers of Asia, which
rises from the south side of the Himmala moun
tains, between Lon. 78. fa 79. E. Lat. 31. fa32.
N. After flowing through Serinagur, it is joined
in Lat. 30. 9. N. by the Alacananda. Pursuing
a course of 30 or-40 miles further, it issues from
foe mountains of Hurd war. At Allahabad it is
joined by the large river Jumna, and this junc
tion forms the most venerated place of Hindoo
ablution. It afterwards receives the Goomty,
Gogra, Soane, Bagmutty, Gunduck, Coosy, Tees-
ta, and numerous smaller rivers. It divides into
numerous branches, called the Mouths of the
Ganges, which flow into the bay of Bengal, be
tween Lon. 88. & 91. E. Lat. 21. 40. & 22. 30.
N. The main branch receives the great river
Burrampooter, about 40 miles above the bay of
Bengal. Its general course is southeasterly ; its
length upwards of 1,600 miles ; at 600 m. from
its month it is 4 miles wide and 60 feet deep
in the rainy season, and 30 feet deep in the dry.
Its descent is computed at 4 inches per mile ;
its motion in ihe dry season less than 3 miles
an hour ; in the wet season, 5 or 6, and in par
ticular circumstances and situations, 7 or 8. It
is supposed todischarge, on an average through
out the year, 180,000 cubic feet of. water in a
second. The Ganges, like the Nile, has a very wide
Delta, extending east and west about 200 miles,
and commencing about 200 miles or 300 by the
course of the river, from the sea, and intersect
ed by numerous branches. A part of it is an
uninhabited country, called Sunderbunds, over
grown with forests and infested with tigers. The
westernmost branch, called the Hoogly, which
is formed by the Cossimbazar and Jellinghy, is
the only branch commonly navigated by ships.
The countiy through which it flows, except the
Sunderbunds, is healthy, and the water salubri
ous, and highly esteemed by the natives. — Some
of the principal cities on this river and its
branches- are Calcutta, Dacca, Moorshedabad,
Patna, Benares, Allahabad, Lucknow, Agra, and
Delhi. Ganges Islands, or JVortA Natunas, two small
isls. between the island of Borneo and the gulf
of Siam. Lon. 106. 45. E. Lat. 4. 55. N.
Gangi,t. Sicily, Demona ; 14 SSW. Mistretta.
Gangia Regia, see Gour.
Gan-gin, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 36 ESE. Heng-tche.
Gangkofcn, X. Bavaria, in Iser, on the Bina.
Pop. 646.
Gangoutri, t. N. Hind., in Serinagur, on the
Ganges; 138 N. Delhi. Lon. 78. 9. E. Lat. 31.
4. N. It is situated among the Himmaleh moun
tains, and is a celebrated place of Hindoo pil
grimage. The Ganges is here only 15 or 20
yards wide.
Gangpour, t. Hind., cap. of a circar in Orissa ;
140 NW. Cattack, 244 W. Calcutta. Lon. 84. 10.
E. Lat. 22. 2. N.
Gangpour, circar, Hind., in Orissa, bounded
N. by Jushpour and Bahar, E. by Koonjoor, S.
by Sumbulpour, and W. by Ruttunpour. The
chief towns are Gangpour and Pada.
Vol. I. go

Gangra, now Kiangari.
Gangu, X. Bambarra. Lon. 4. W. Lat. 13. 51. N.
Gangud, t. Guzerat ; 35 SSW. Amedabad.
Ganheim, X. Bavaria ; 6 NW. Volckach.
Ganjam, X. Hind., in Cicacole, near the bay
of Bengal ; 80 SSW. Cattack, 95 NE. Cicacole.
Lon. 85. 18. E. Lat. 19. 22. N. It is the capital
of a district, and situated on a river navigable
during the rainy season, and the port is much
frequented by countiy vessels. — The London
society has a missionary here. In it is a pagoda,
dedicated to an obscene deity.
Ganka, X. Arabia, Oman ; 124 S. Mascat.
Gan-king-foo, city, China, in Kiang-nan, on
the Yangste-kiang. Lon. 117. 20. E. Lat. 31.
30. N. It is a large commercial city, surrounded
by walls.
GanJeu, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 12 W. Ho.
Gan-nan, X. China, of the third rank, in Koei-
tcheou ; 35 E. Poungan.
Gannat, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Allier ; 27 S. Moulins. Lon. 3. 16. E.
Lat. 46. 6. N. Pop. 4,134.
Gannemie, X. Arabia 28 NW. Dsjebi.
Gannet Island, small island near N. coast of
New Zealand, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 184.
46. W. Lat. 37. 57, S.
Ganning, t. China, ofthe second rank, in Yun
nan; 1,162 SSW. Peking. Lon. 102. 16. E. Lat.
25. N.
Ganowitz,X. Stiria; 6 SW. Windisch Wcistritz.
Pop. 604.
Gonor, t. Hind. ; 40 NNW. Delhi.
Ganos, now Teklcier-Dag.
Ganos, X. Eri. Turkey, in Romania, on the
sea of Marmora ; 33 NE. Gallipoli. Lon. 27.
13. E. Lat. 40. 48. N.
Gan-pin, X. China, of the third rank, in Koei-
tcheou ; 20 NE. Ngan-chun.
Gan-ping, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li; 12 N. Ching.
Gansbach, X. Austria ; 6 SSW. Mauttern.
Ganscha, see Kanja.
Gansigni, X. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 32 ESE.
Aurungabad. Gansor, see Wan-nash-reese.
Gant, X. France, Lower-Pyrenees ; 4 S. Pau.
Gaxl, t. Tyrol ; 7 WNW. Landeck.
Ganlinga, X. on E. coast ot the island of Ce-,
lebes. Lon. 122. 6. E. Lat. 0. 14. N.
Ganuara, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 10 N. Hy
drabad. Gan-ye, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen; 50 W, Ho.
Gaoga, country; Africa, W. of Nubia, with
a town of the same name, situated on a large.
lake. Lon. 26. E. Lat. 16. N. The inhabitants
are said to be barbarous and uncivilized.
Gap, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa.; W. 124.
Gap, (an. Vapincum,) X. I'rance, capital of
Higher- Alps; 24 N. Sisteron, 45 S. Grenoble
Lon. 6. 4. E. Lat. 44. 34. N. Pop. 8,598. It
contains a literary society, and a museum of
painting and natural history. It is an ancient
town, neatly built, with narrow streets, and
low, crowded houses. Before the revolution it
was the see of a bishop, and capital of a county
called Gapengois, about 9 leagues long and 6
wide. Near it is a mineral spring.y- Native
Farel.. *,.'

GAR

634

GAR

Gapennes, t.France, Somme; 7NE. Abbeville.
Gapsal, or Hapsal, X. Russia, in Revel, on a
small gulf of the Baltic ; formerly the see of a
bishop, and subject to foe Danes ; 36 WSW.
Revel. Lon. 42. 24. E. Lat. 59. 5. N.
Gapton, see Wind Gap.
Gara, lake, Egypt ; 12 S. Fayoum.
Garabusa, see Grabusa.
Garac, X. France, in Charente ; 4 ESE. An-
goulesme. Garachio,- or Garachico, t. on W. coast ofthe
island of the Teneriffe.
Garagoe, t. New-Grenada, in Tunja; 40 SE.
Tunja, 40 NE. Santa Fe.
Garagu, or' Guaraguatara, X. Brazil, in Per
nambuco ; 2S S. by W. Olinda. Lat. 8. 38. S.
Garali, see Karek.
Garajam, r. Africa, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 3. N.
Garama, see Jerma.
Garan, small isl. in the North sea, near N.
coast of Scotland ; 3 ESE. Cape Wrath. Lon.
4. 45. W. Lat. 58. 35. N.
Garan, X. Candahar; 12 miles from Cabul.
Garaphi, now Zickar.
Garaliva, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 23. S.
Garay, t Africa, Cayor; 80 SE. Amboul.
Garb, (El,) fertile province, Morocco, ex
tending along the coast from the straits of Gib
raltar to the river Saboe. Chief towns, Tan
giers and Earache.
Garban, X. Candahar, on the Behat ; 30 N.
Cabul. Garbe Dendour, X. Nubia, on W. coast of the
Nile, where there is an ancient temple ; 60 S.
Syene. Near this place is the most difficult
passage in the navigation of the Nile ; the whole
breadth being filled up with rocks under water,
and between the rocks with eddies and whirl
pools. Garbe Dirsche, X. Nubia, on E. coast of the
Nile ; 3 N. Garbe Dendour. Here are some
ancient ruins.
Garbia, district, in N. part of Egypt, between
the E. and W. branches of the Nile. Chief
town, Mehallet Kebir.
Garbo, (II,) X. Tuscany; 6 ESE. Leghorn.
Garchanskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the
river Tobol ; 80 S. Tobolsk.
Garcia, X. Spain, Catalonia ; 18 N. Tortosa.
Gard, (Pont du,) a Roman aqueduct, France,
in Gard, joining two mountains, and passing
over the Gardon. It consists of three tiers of
arches ; is 157 feet high, 350 long at the bottom,
and 872 at the top. The grandeur and simpli
city of this monument excite the admiration
of every traveller.
Gard, dep. France, bounded N. by Lozere
and Ardeche, E. by the Rh6ne, S. by the Me
diterranean and Herault, and W. by Herault
and Aveiron. Pop. 322,144; of whom about
90,000 are Calvinists. It is divided into 4 ar-
rondissements, Nimes, the capital, Uzes, Alais,
and Vigan.
Gard, see Gardon.
Garda, (an. Benacus,) lake, Aust. Italy, lying
S. of Tyrol, between the .governments of Ven
ice and Milan ; 35 miles long from N. to S.,
from 2 to 14 wide; greatest depth nbout 300
feet. It is one of the finest lakes of Italy, ce

lebrated by the ancient poets Virgil and Catul
lus ; surrounded by mountains, which so con
fine the winds that they blow oply from the
N. or S., and are noted tor their impetuosity.
Garda, X. Aust. Italy, in Verona, on E. bank
of a lake to which it gives names ; 16 NW. Ve
rona, 27 N. Mantua. Lon. 10. 43. E. Lat 45.
36. N. • In foe time of the Guelphs and Gibe-
lines, it was a celebrated fortress with a citadel.
At present Garda is but an open place ; and on
the ruins of its citadel has been built a hermit
age or convent of the Carthusian monks.
Garda, X. Hind., in Orissa; 75 SE. Cattack.
Gardanne, X. France, Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
4 SSE. Aix ; 9 NNE. Marseilles. Pop. 2,279.
Garde, (La,) t. France, in Vai ; 4 E. Tou
lon, 6 W. Hieres. Pop. 2,691.
Garde, X. Hinder Pomarania, on a fresh-wa
ter lake abounding in fish, near the sea; 18
NE. Stolpe.
Gardemh, X. Africa, capital of Beni Mezzab ;
180 E. Fighig. Lon. 2. 30. E. Lat. 32. 15. N.
Gardeleben, or Gardelegen, X. Pru. Branden
burg, in Magdeburg, containing 4 churches, 4
hospitals, and a manufacture of cloth ; celebrat
ed for its beer ; 44 WNW. Brandenburg, 72 W-.
Berlin. Lon. 11. 36. E. Lat 52. 32. N. Pop.
3,240. — Native, Joachim Lange.
Garden Bay, bay on E. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 54. 50. W. Lat. 49. 42. N.
Garden Islands, cluster of small islands in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 146. 20. W. Lat. 21. 45. N.
Gardensee, X. Prussia ; 7 S. Marienwerder, 25
NNE. Culm. Lon. 18. 43. E. Lat. 53. 35. N.
Gardensk, t. Samogitia ; 35 SW. Miedniki.
Gardenston, small s-p. Scot, Bamff, in a bay
at the entrance into the frith of Murray ; 7 E.
Bamff. Lon. 2. 15. W. Lat. 57. 37. N. Pop. 300.
Gardicchi, X. on W. coast of the island of
Corfu ; 7 SW. Corfu.
Gardiner, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on W.
side of the Kennebeck, opposite to Pittstown ; 4
S. Hallowell, 6 S. Augusta, W. 606. Pop. in
1810, 1,029; in 1820, 2,063. It is a pleasant
and flourishing town, and contains a very ele-,
gant Episcopal church, built of granite in the
Gothic style, a Methodist meeting house, a bank,
a large flour mill, a paper mill, a cotton manu
factory, iron works, a plaster mill, and other
valuable mills, and has some trade. The seat of
R. Gardiner, Esq., the principal proprietor ofthe
town, is one of foe most elegant in the countiy.
The Cobbisseconte flows through the town in
to the Kennebeck ; about a mile from its mouth
there are falls which afford good mill seats.
Gardiner's Bay, large bay on E. extremity
of Long island, on the coast of America. Lon.
72. 15. W. Lat. 41. 3. N.
Garding, or Gardingen, X. Denmark, in Sles
wick ; 28 WSW. Sleswick. Lon. 8. 52. E. Lat.
54. 24. N. Pop. 900.
Gardiolle, (La,) X. France, in Tarn ; 18 SSE.
Lavaur. Gardner, X. Worcester co. Mass. ; 25 NNW.
Worcester, 58 NW. Boston. Fop. 91 1 .
Gardner's Canal, inlet on foe coast of New-
Hanover, extending 40 m. from E. to W. Lon.
ofthe entrance 231. 17. E. Lat. 53. 35. N.
Gardner's Island, or Isle of Wight, isl. N. Y.
nearE. enri^of Long island, belonging to East*
bampton.

GAR

C35

GAR

Gardneris 7stand,;isL in the S. Pacific ocean
Maurelle, who fell in with it in 1781,, called it
Amarguba. Lon. 175. 17. W. Lat. 17. 57. S._
GordoK, or Gard, r. France, which rises in
diep. Lozere, crosses dep. Gard, receiving an
other river in its course, called Gftrdan d' Alois,
and runs into foe Rhone, 4 N. Tarascon.
Gordone, X. Italy, on foe Mela ; 15E. Brescia.
Gardone, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 36 S.
Amednagur. Gardouch, t. Franee, in Upper-Garonne ; 15
SE. Toulouse.
Gardsby, t. Sweden, Smaland ; 28 N. Wexio.
. Gardslrum, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 9 N. Cal
mar. Gored, t Africa, in Suz, on the river Suz,
celebrated for its Morocco leather.
Gar-el-Mailah, i. e. the Cave of Salt, s-p. on
E. coast of Tunis ; 4 W. Cape Zibeeb.
Gareea, X. Bengal ; 24 NNW. Moorshedabad.
In 1763, a battle was fought near this place.
Garencieres, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ;
3 NW. Montfort.
Garenne, (La,) t France ', 6 ENE. Paris.
Gareowlt, x. France, in Var ; 5 S. Brignoles.
Gdrewdun, t. Thibet. Lon. 80. 60. E. Lat.
33. 18. N.
Garezzo,. or Garessio, t. Piedmont, on the
Tanaro; 9-S.Ceva. Pop. 4,720.
Garfete, X. Portugal, Alentejo ; 12 W. Crato.
Gargano, X. Naples, in Capitanata; ? N.
Mount St. Angelo.
Gargano, (an. Garganus,). mt. Naples, near
foe town of Gargano.
Garganvillard, X. France, in Landes; 7 NW.
Riviere Verdun.
Gargara, X. A. Turkey, in the gulf of Adra-
mytti, in Natolia ; 20 W. Adramytti.
Gargarus, the highest mountain of foe ridge
of Ida, in Natolia, near the gulf of Adramytti,
on the N. Gargarus, like Etna, is characterized
by a triple zone ; first a district of cultivated
land, afterwards an assemblage of forests, and
lastly, towards the summit, a region of snow
and ice. Its modern name is Kasdaghy.
Gargatha Inlet, narrow channel between
two small islands on the coast of Virginia. Lon.
75. 32. W. Lat. 37. 44. N.
Gargilksse, X. France, in Indre ; 5 SE. Ar
genton, 9 NE. St. Benoist du Sault.
Gargnago, X. Italy, on the left bank of the
G-arda lake; 17 N. Pesehiera, 21 NE. Brescia.
Fop. a,400.
Gargonza, X. Tuscany ; 14 SW. Arezzo.
Garlia, r. Hind., which runs into the Chum-
bul, 3 NE. SuissopOur, in Agimere.
Garia, X. Persia, in Irak ; 65 SE. Hamadan.
GariaBay, bay on S. coast of Newfound
land ; 22 E. Cape Ray.
Garian, t. Africa; 37 S. Tripoli.
Gurianonum, see Yarmouth.
Garievitza, or Mount Cladius, mt. Sclavonia;
16 N. Craliovavelika.
Garigliano, {an. Liris,) r. Naples, which runs
into the gulf of Gaeta, Lon. 13. 45. E. Lat. 41.
15. N.
Gariteno, (an. Gortys,) X. Eu. Turkey, in the
Morea ; 32 W. Argos. Pop. 2,500.
Garivan, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, Hear the
Banube ; 22 SW. Dristra.

Garland, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine; 25 NW.
Bangor, W. 685. Pop. 275.
Garlieston, s-p. Scot., in Wigton, in a cove
of Wigton bay, called Garlieston bay ; 6 S,
Wigton. Lon. 4.25. W. Lat. 54. 50. N. Pop.;
470. It is of modern date, pleasantly built in
the form of a crescent, and esteemed an ex
cellent fishing station, with safe anchorage.
Garlin,. t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 16
N. Pau. Pop. 338.
Garmisch, t. Bavaria, in Iser, district Wur-
denfels. Pop. 1,320.
Garmouth, s-p. Scot., in Murray ; 4 N. Foch
abers, 8 E. Elgin. Lon. 3. W. Lat 57. 39. N.
Pop. 700. It is situated at the mouth of the
Spey, which from Gordon castle has a fall of
60 feet, so that the tide does not run above
half a mile up the river. Besides the salmon
fishery, established as an article of commerce,
here is the most considerable trade for wood,
the growth of the countiy, as is supposed, in all
Scotland, brought from the forests of Strath
spey and Badenoch.
Gam, t. Sweden, in Upland ; 12 NE. Upsal.
Garnache, (La,) X. France, in Vendee; 3
NNE. Challans, 6 Machecoul. Pop. 1,470,
Gamenberg, X. Sweden, in Dalecarlia ; 5 NE.
Hedemora. Garnerans, ,t France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ;
6 S. Macon.
Garner, r. Eng., which joins the Garran, and
runs with it into foe Wye, 4 SW, Ross, in
Herefordshire. Garoga Creek, in Montgomery co. N. Y.,
which runs into the Mohawk ; 20 miles long.
Garonne, (an. Garumna,) r. France, which
rises in foe Pyrenees, and joining with the
Dordogne, about 12 miles below Bourdeaux.,
changes its name to Gironde. It is upwards of
400 miles long, and navigable from Muret. —
By means of this river and foe canal of Lan-
guedoc, a navigation is opened between the
Mediterranean and the Atlantic.
Garonne, (Upper,) dep. France, bounded N.
by Lot and Tarn, E. by Aude and Arriege, S,
by Spain, and W. by Upper Pyreneesand Gers,
It is composed of a part, of Languedoc, and
takes its name from the Garonne, which flows
through it. lit is divided into 4 arrondisements,
Toulouse, the capital, St. Gaudens, Muret, and
Villefranche. Sq. m. 2,371. Pop. 367,551 ; Re
formed 18,000.
Garouai or Garovay, X. Africa, on foe Grain
coast, on the river St. Clement.
Garrachica, X. isl. of Teneriffe, formerly a
seaport, but the harbour was destroyed by au
earthquake. Garracoury, X. Hind., in Marawar ; 20 SSE,
Trumian, Garraf, t. Spain., jn Catalonia, near the sea
coast ; 10 SW. Barcelona.
Garran, r, Eng., which runs into the Wye, in
the eounty of Hereford.
Garrard, co. central part of Ken. Pop. in
1810, 9,186 ; slaves 2,083. Pop. in 1820, 10,551,
Chief town, Lancaster.
Garnardstotvn, p-t Berkley co. Va. ; W. 98. '
Garratsville, p-v. New Lisbon, Otsego co. N
Y. ; 80 W. Albany, W. 361.
Garraway, X. Africa, on the.SJa*e coast Lon.
* W. Lat. 4. 10, N,

GAS

636

GAS

darresio, X. Piedmont; 9 SW. Ceva.
Garret Dennis, is|. in foe E. Pacific ocean,
about 42 miles in circ, inhabited by blacks, who
are armed with lances, bows and arrows, situ
ated to the N. of New Ireland. Lon. 151. 25.
E. Lat. 2. 30. S.
Garrider,X. Hind., Guzerat; 60 WSW. Gogo.
Garrinish Point, cape on W. coast of the
county of Cork, in Ireland ; 1 N. Cood's Mead,
Tl W. Bantry.
Gorris, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees , 1 S.
Palais, 20 SE. Bayonne. Pop. 454.
Gurrows, mountainous countiy, Asia, situated
between Bengal and Assam, S. of the Burham-
pooter. The soil of this countiy is said to be
rich, producing excellent rice and hemp. The
inhabitants are represented as stout and well
shaped ; surly and ferocious in their appear
ance, but gentle in their disposition, honest and
observant of their word.
Garry, r. Scot, which runs into the Tay, 6 N.
Dunkeld. Garsaura, now Akserai.
Garsh, t. Austria ; 4 SSE. Horn. H. 96.
Garschaw, X. Prussia ; 16 S. Dantzic.
Garsden, X. Samogitia ; 30 W. Miedniki.
Gardstadt, X. Bavaria ; 3 SSW. Schweinfurt.
Garslang, X. Eng., in Lancashire, near the
Wier, with a market on Thursday ; 10 S. Lan
caster, 227 NNW. London. Lon. 2. 42. W. Lat.
53. 52. N. Pop. 790.
Garlach Gross, X. Wurtemberg, on a small
river which runs into the Necker ; 5 NW.
Heilbronn. Pop. 1,391.
Gartau, or Gartow, X. Han., in Luneburg ;
12 E. Lucho, 48 ESE. Luneburg. Pop. 574.
Gartempe, r. France, which runs into the
Creuse, near Roche-Posay, in Indre-and-Loire.
Gartz, or Garz, X. Pomerania, in the island
of Rugen, built in the spot on which formerly
stood a powerful city, called Carenz, which was
destroyed by the dukes of Pomerania, in the
twelfth century. Pop. 750.
Gartz, or Garz, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Stettin,
on the Oder, surrounded with walls, in 1288 ;
15 S. Old Stettin, 53 NE. Berlin. Lon. 14. 28.
E. Lat. 53. 16. N. Pop. 2,665.
Garu, X. Sweden, Upland ;. 20 NNE. Stock
holm. Garvao, X. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Ta
gus ; 12 E. Abrantes.
Garvao, or Gaviao, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ;
6 W. Ourique.
Garvelach, small isl. near W. coast of Scot
land, in Argyle ; 8 SE. Mull island. Lon. 5. 44.
W. Lat. 56. 14. N.
Garvie, see Inch Garvie.
Garvilans, small isl. on N. coast of Ireland,
in the county of Donegal ; about 2 ESE. Malin
Head. Garumna, now Garonne.
Garicolin, X. Poland, in Masovia; 12 SE.
Czersk. II. 81.
Gary, X. Hind., in Guzerat; 67 E. Janagur.
Garzis, X. Fez, surrounded with walls, the
houses built with black stone, situated in a fer
tile country, on the Mulu ; 56 S. Melilla.
Garzo, r. Italy, which passes by Brescia, and
joins the Mela, near Manerbio.
Gasandi, now Ghezan.

Gasborn, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 43 N",
Carlstadt. Gasconade River, r. Missouri, wjiich empties
itself into the Missouri, 100 miles above -its
junction with the Mississippi. It is navigable
for small boats 100 miles.
Gascony, before the revolution, a consider
able province of France, situated between foe
Garonne, the sea, and the Pyrenees. Some
times, but improperly, under the name of Gas
cony, Languedoc and the whole of Guienne
were included. The Gascons have a great deal
of spirit ; but their exaggeration in describing
their exploits, has made the term Gasconade
proverbial. The Gascons who dwell near the
Pyrenees, were originally from Spain.
Gascuena, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 30 NW.
Cuenca. Gasholma, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 5. E. Lat. 61. 1. N.
Gasholma, (Osier,) small isl. on E. side ofthe
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17. 20. E. Lat 61. 57. N.
Gasholma, (Wester,) small isl. on W. side of
the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17. 17. E. Lat. 61.
57. N.
Gasima, t. Japan, near E. coast of Niphon ;
45 NE. Jedo.
Gasmark, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 30 E.
Philipstadt. Gasnits, t. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 6 E. Eger.
Caspar Island, or Glassa, small isl. in the E.
Indian sea, which gives name to a channel be
tween the islands of Banca and Billiton, called
Gaspar straits. Lon. 107. 5. E. Lat. 2. 24. S.
Gaspe, district, L. Canada, bounded N. and
E. by the river and gulf of St. Lawrence, S. by
Chaleur bay and New Brunswick, and W. by
the district of Quebec Pop. in 1808, 3,200, be
sides 300 or 400 fishermen. Chief town, New
Carlisle. It forms only one county. It is di
vided into two parts by a ridge of mountains,
is mostly rugged and uneven, and much of it
covered with impenetrable forests.
Gaspe Bay, bay on the coast of Canada, in
the gulf of St. Lawrence, a little to the N. of
Cape Gaspe ; near which is an Indian settle
ment, i
Gassago, X. Italy ; 8 NW. Brescia.
Gasso, X. Piedmont ; 5 S. Chivasso.
Gassen, X. Pru. Lusatia ; 15 SE. Guben. Pop.
467. Gassino, X. Piedmont ; 9 E.Turin. Pop. 2,700.
Gastrin, X. Austria, in Salzburg ; 16 WSW.
Rastadt, 36 S. Salzburg. It is situated 2,652
feet above the sea, and is celebrated for its
warm baths, and mines of lead, iron, and gold.
Gast, f. France, in Calvados; 9 W. by S,
Vire. H. 210.
Gastdorf X. Bohemia, on the Elbe; 8 SE.
Leitmeritz. Fop. 950.
Gastel, X. N. Brabant; 5 N. Rozedael. Pop.
1,600. Gastel, t. Wales, which runs into the Con
way, in Caernarvon.
Gaster', fortress, Africa, in Sugulmessa.
Gasler, bailiwick, Switz., belonging to the
Schweitz and Glaris, to whom it was sold by
the house of Austria, in the year 1438.
Gastorf x. Bohernja, in Leitmeritz; 8 SE
Leitmeritz.

GAU

637

GAU

Gastouni, t. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, on foe
Igliaco ; 12 E. Chiarenza. Fop. 3,000. The in
habitants cultivate cotton, silk, and Wine. The
environs are fertile, and it is one of the most
thriving towns in the Morea.
Gata, t. Spain, in Estramadura, on a river of
the same name ; 15 NNW. Coria.
Gata, r. Spain, which rises near the town of
Gata, and runs into the AlagOn, 15 SW. Coria.
Gatehouse of Fleet, X. Scot., in Kircudbright;
13 W. Kircudbright, 16 SW. New Galloway. It
is situated near the mouth of foe Fleet, not far
from the Irish sea, with a cotton manufacture.
Sloops come up near to the town.
Gatet, t. on E. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 126.
18. E. Lat 7. 62. N.
Gates, t Monroe co. N. Y., at foe mouth of
the Genesee, on W. side ; 33 NE. Batavia. Pop.
2,643. Gates, co. NE. part of N. C. ; W. 258. Pop.
in 1810, 5,965 ; slaves 2,790. Pop. in 1820,
6,837. Chief town, Hertford.
Gateshead, t. Eng., in Durham, on S. side of
the Tync, opposite to Newcastle, to which it
appears like a suburb. Pop.;8,782. It is cele
brated for its grindstones, which, under the
name of Newcastle, are exported to various
parts of the world.
GotA, or GctA, ancient capital of the Philis
tines. See Jebna,
Galingoly, X. on E. coast of Celebes. Lon.
123. 46. E. LatO. 22. N.
Gatinois, or Gastinois, before the revolution
a province of France, which had in the 1 1th
century counts of its own ; it was afterwards
joined to Anjou. Of late years it has partly
belonged to the government of Orleans, and
partly to foe government of the Isle of France,
and was distinguished by the names of Gatinois
Orleanois, and Gatinois Frangois. It now forms
part of the departments of Seine-and-Marne,
Seine-and-Oise, and Loiret.
Goto, small isl. in the E. Indian sea; 12 N.
Sibu. Lon. 123. 36. E. Lat. II. 42. N.
Gatron, or Kattron, t. Africa, in Fezzan ; 40
S. Mourzouk.
Gatsch, or Goes, t. Hungary, with a castle, in
Neograd ; 12 E. Korpona. Pop. 4,000.
Gatseiu, X. Bengal ; 46 W.. Midnapour.
Gait, strait, between the Frisch Haff arid foe
German sea.
Galtan, X. Hind., Allahabad ; ION. Jionpour.
Galtar, or Katlar, s-p. Arabia, in Lachsa, on
the coast of the Persian gulf, opposite Bahh
rein ; 40 S. El Catif.
Gatlenhofen, X. Bav. ; 3 N. Rothenburg.
Gattendorf X. Bav. ; 2 W. Munchberg.
Gatteville, X. France, Channel ; 2 N. Barfleur.
Gattinara, X Piedmont, on the Sesia ; 6 S.
Borgo di Sesia, 15 N. Vercelli. Pop. 3,622.
Gallon, see Agatton.
Gallon, v. Eng., in Surry ; 3 NE. Ryegate,
20 S. London. Pop. 99. It was once a consid
erable town, and still sends two members to
parliament. Gom, Gaw, Gou, or Gow, termination in the
German language, signifying country, canton,
or district.
Gau Scherkie, X. Egypt, on the right bank of
the Nile, opposite Tahta, supposed by Nordon

to be the ancient Diospolis. Here is a temple,
60 paces in length, and 40 in breadth.
Gavals, t. Russia, in Viborg ; 28 S. Viborg.
Gavardo, see Guardo.
Gaudiano, X. Naples, in Basilicata; 10 NE.
Venosa. Gaudischkehn, X. Prussia in 'Gumbinnen, situ
ated on the Angerap ; 5 ESE. Gumbinnen.
Gaudke, X. Prussia, in Samland; 8 N. Pillan.
Gave, a term used in SW. part of France, to
express a river or brook, as the Gave of Ole
ron, the Gave of Pau, fac.
Gavelkovon, X. Bavaria; 20 SE. Landshut.
Gavello, X. Italy, in Rovigo ; 8 SW. Adria.
Gavenny, c. Wales, which runs into the Usk,
near Abergavenny.
Gauer, r. Scot, which forms a communica
tion between Loch Lydoch and Loch Rannock.
Gaveren, see Waveren.
Gaveren, X. Flanders, on the Scheldt ; 7 E.
Ghent. GaHert, t. SJlesia, in Neisse ; 5 WNW. Pats-
chau. Gaveta, (La,) X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 16
SSW. Manfredonia.
Gavetto, s-p. Algiers, on E. side of the gulf
of Stora; 30 W. Bona, 45 NE. Constantina.
Lon. 7. 21. E. Lat. 36. 47. N.
Gauga, see Gaoga.
Gaugamela, v. Assyria, on the Bumadus ; 12
W. Arbela. At this place the battle was fought
which is called the battle of Arbela, between
Alexander and Darius, B. C. 331.
Gaughofen, X. Bavaria ; 17 E. Landshut.
Gavi, X. Genoa, once so very strong as lo
command the pass of the Bochetta, but now
dismantled , 20 N. Genoa. Lon. 8. 48. E. Lat.
44. 43. N. Pop. 1,600.
Gavia, X. Spain, Grenada; 4 SSW. Grenada.
Gaujac, X. France, in Landes ; 12 SE. Dax.
Pop. 1,189.
Gavino, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 20 NW. O
Crato. Gaukama, X. Hind., in N. Canara. Lon. 74.
25. E. Lat. 14. 32. N. H. 500.
Gaul, the ancient name of France.
Gaulen, r. which rises in N. part of Norway,
and after a course of about 20 leagues W., runs
into the sea, 3 W. Drontheim.
Gauley,r. Va., SE. of Gauley mountain, and
NW. Greenbrier co. It runs into the Kenhawa.
Gaulos, now Golo.
Gault, (Le,) X. France, in Loir-and-Cher; 8
N. Montdoubleau.
Gaunersdorff, X. Austria; 9 W. Zistersdorfj
16 NNE. Vienna. Pop. 1,000.
Gaunitz, r. S. part of Africa, which runs into
the sea, Lon. 21.40. E.
Gaunlesse, r. Eng., in Durham, which runs
into the Wear, at Bishop's Auckland.
Gaulon, or Golon, oue of the 6 cities of re
fuge, Palestine, on SE. side of the sea of Tibe
rias. It gave name to the district Gaulonitis.
Gaunodurum, see Stein-am-Rein.
Gavnde, small isl. Denmark, near SW. coast
of Zealand. Lon. 11.43. E. Lat. 55. 12. N.
Gaur, or Ghore, or Zouf city, Cabulistan,
and capital of a district ; 150 SSW. Balk, 220
W. Cabul. Lon. 63. 54. E. Lat. 34. 40. N. It
was once the capital of an independent king-

GAZ'

638

GEB

dom, but was sacked by Jenghiz Khan and
Tamerlane, and has never recovered, and is
now little known. The district was formerly
a Persian government. It is mountainous, and
very cold in winter.
Gaura, X. Peru, in Chancay, containing about
200 houses and 2 churches, situated in a fertile
country, and watered by a river of the same
name. Us chief commerce is in salt and salt
beef. Gavray, X.France, in Channel ; 9 S. Coutan-
ces, 12 N. Avranches. Fop. 1,452.
Gaurbend, see Ghourbend.
Gavre, X. France, in Lower-Loire ; 20 NE.
Savenay. Pop. 1,000.
Gaurianisi, small isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago, W. of Andros. Lon. 24. 50. E. Lat.
37. 52. N.
Gauritz, r. Africa, colony of the Cape of
Good Hope, which rises in the Nieuweldt
mountains, and flows into the Indian ocean,
Lon. 21. 40. E. Lat. 34. 35. E.
Gauswanny, t. Hind., Gohud; 30 NW. Narna.
Gauts, see Ghauts.
Gaully, X. Bengal ; 28 W. Nagore.
Gautumpour, X. Hind., Oude ; 20 W. Corah.
Gauxa, see Xauxa.
Gawaillan, X. Pru., Samland ; 7 W. Goldap.
Gawelghur, or Gyalghur, or Gawile, strong
fortress, Hind., in Berar ; 30 NNW. Ellichpour.
Lon. 77. 52. E. Lat. 21. 46. N.
Gawrah, X. Hind. ; 5 NE. Benares.
Gawrah, r. Asia, which rises in foe moun
tains of Kemaoon, and runs into foe Ganges
with foe Ramgonga.
Gawzygur, X. Hind., Gohud ; 30 NW. Narwa.
Gay Head, a kind of peninsula on Martha's
Vineyard, 3 or 4 miles long, and2 broad. Lon.
70.45. W. Lat.41. 18. N.
Gaya, or Kygow Gaya, X. Moravia, in Hra
disch ; 14 WSW. Hradisch, 54 NNE. Vienna.
Lon. 17. 2. E. Lat 48. 59. N.
Gaya, X. Hind., in Bahar; 50 S. Patna. Lon.
85. 8. E. Lat. 24. 46. N.
Gaya, r. Spain, from which Scipio made an
aqueduct to Taragona.
Gaya, small isl. in the Indian sea, near E.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 118. 48. E. Lat 4.46. N.
Gayach, r. Bavaria, whieh runs into the Dan
ube, 5 W. Passau.
Gayah, or Boodh Gayah, X. Hind., in Bahar.
Lon. 85. 5. E. Lat. 24. 49. N. It is one of the
most celebrated places of Hindoo pilgrimage,
having been the birthplace of Boodh, or Budha,-
one of foe supposed incarnations of the Deity ;
and it is also the residence of the civil estab
lishment of Bahar proper.
Gayeta, X. Spain, Valentia ; 30 S. Valentia.
Gaylah, X. Hind., in Oude ; 8 S. Bansey.
Gazah, X. Palestine, about a mile from the
Mediterranean sea; 44 SW. Jerusalem. Lon.
34.40. E. Lat. 31.25. N. Pop. 5,000. It is
often mentioned in scriptqre, and was former
ly a magnificent city, and strongly fortified ; it
is now much reduced from its ancient grandeur.
The environs are exceedingly fertile, and pro
duce pomegrahates, oranges, dates, and flow
ers, in great request even at Constantinople.
Here is a manufacture of cotton, which em
ploys 500 looms in the town and neighbour

hood : there are likewise great quantities of /
ashes made by the Arabs, and used in the man
ufacture of soap ; but this manufacture has de
clined. Gaza, at present, is a large village, di
vided into two parts, called the Upper and
Lower. Both of these parts taken together are
called Gazara ; and the upper part, where tho
castle is situated, has the same name ; but the
lower part is by the Arabs distinguished under
the name of Harel el Segiayi.
Gaza, or Gazaca, chief city of Atropatene,
see Tauris.
Gazaupony, X. France, in Gers ; 5 NE. Con
dom. Pop. 996.
Gazetdeen, X. Hind. ; 14 E. Delhi.
Gazer, X. Africa, in Asben ; 50 N. Asouda.
GazUle, X. France, in Morbihan, district of
Vannes, Pop. 1,180.
Gazna, see Ghizni.
Gaznin, t. Candahar ; 106 E. Candahar.
Gazoldo, t. Italy ; 13 WNW. Mantua.
Gazuan, mt. Arabia ; 60 E. Mecca.
Gazypour, pr. or circar, Hind., bounded NE
by foe Dewah, S. by the Ganges, and W. by
Benares and Jionpour; of a triangular form,
and about 180 miles in circumference.
Gazypour, X. Hind., and capital of Gazypour,
on the left bank of the Ganges ; 92 E. Allaha
bad, 315 NW. Calcutta. Lon. 84. 48. E. Lat.
25. 36. N.
Gdansk, see Dantzic.
Gdov, X. Russia, in Petersburg, on E. coast of
Tchudskoe lake ; 90 SSW. Petersburg.
Gearon, or Jaroon, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 70
SE. Schiras. It is celebrated for its excellent
fruits, raisins, pomegranates, dates, and quinces.
Geauga, co. NE. part of Ohio, on lake Erie;
Pop. 7,791. Chief town, Chafdon.
Geaune, t. France, ill Landes; 12 SE. St.
Sever, 18 ENE. Orthez. Pop. 360.
Ge6o, t. fa country, Africa, on a river of the
same name, which soon after runs into the ri
ver St. Domingo, Lon. 14. W. Lat. 11. 55. N.
Gebau, X. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 6 S. Benatek.
Gebau, (New,) X. fa castle, Silesia, in Oppeln ;
10 SE. Falkenburg.
Gebbar, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 10 SE.
Jadida. Gebel Aroe, cluster of small islands in the
Red sea. Lat. 13. 46. N.
Gebel Camar, mt. Arabia, extending NE.
from Fartach.
Gebel J)ocan,mX. Egypt; 100 S. Suez.
Gebel Ezzeit, mt. Egypt, near the coast of
foe Red sea; 110 SSE. Suez.
Gebel Geranat, mt. Egypt, on the right bank
of the Nile ; 28 N. Enseneh.
Gebel Farah, mt. Arabia ; 15 SW. Ailah.
Gebel Ibn Jakub, mt. Arabia; 65 SSE. Hali.
Gebel Naklon, mt. Egypt; 8 SW. Fayoum.
Gebel Ollaki, mt. Abyssinia, rich in gold.
Lon. 20. 50. N.
Gebel el Silsili, or tAe Chained Mountain-,
(an. Silsili*,) mt. Egypt, on E. side ofthe Nile,
so called, because in ancient times a chain was
thrown across the river ; 42 N. Syene.
Gebel Sinan, mt. Arabian Irak ; 26 NW. Bas
sora. Gebel Tar, (an. Combusta,) volcanic isl. in
the Red sea. Lon, 59. 19. E. Lat 16. 18. N.

GEE

639

GEI

Gebel Teihmon, mt. Egypt, on W. side of
the Nile ; 12 NNW. Syene.
Gebel Teir, or Mountain of Birds, mt. Egypt,
on E. bank of the Nile ; 24 N. Enseneh. Ithas
its name from a conceit of, the Arabs, that all
the birds of the universe hold a council here an
nually. Ge&eZ Zeghir, isl. in the Red sea. Lon. 60.
28. E. Lat 14. N.
Gebele, see Esbele.
Gebersdorf, t. Pru. Saxony, in Potsdam; 1
N. Dahme.
Gebesee, t Pru. Saxony, in Erfurt, at the con
flux of the Gera and Unstrut, on foe Gera; 8
NNW. Erfurt. Lon. 10. 59. E. Lat. 61. 10. N.
Pop. 1,360.
Gebileh, (an. Gabola,) X. Syria, near Ladikieh.
Gebizeh, or Gebsa, or Gabeziah, t. A. Turkey,
in Natolia, supposed to be foe ancient Libyssa,
where Hannibal killed himself; 18 W. Ismid.
Geblitz, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 2 SW.
Leitmeritz. Gebrooken, one of the smaller Japanese isl
ands, near S. coast of Niphon. Lon. 139. E.
Lat. 34. 36. N.
Gebsatel, citadel, Franconia, on the Tauber;
3 S. Rothenburg.
Gebul, X. Syria; 20 SE. Aleppo.
Geby, isl. in the E. Indian sea, between
Waygoo and Gilolo ; about 15 miles long and
8 broad, on the equinoctial line. Lon. 129.25.E.
Gedan, small island in the Red sea. Lat 16.
20. N.
Gedan, or Ziden, X. Arabia ; 30 SSE. Jidda.
Gedanum, now Dantzic.
Geddesbwg, p-v, in Selina, Onondago co.
N. Y. ; 160 W. Albany, W. 401.
Gedding, fortress, Palestine, situated on foe
borders of Mount Sharon, built on the ruins of
an ancient castle called Dinden ; 12 miles from
Acre. It is the residence of a chief.
Geddington, v. Eng., in Northamptonshire
where was anciently a royal castle, in which
Henry II. held a council of debate on an expe
dition to the Holy Land.
Geder, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 16 SW. Arna
sieh. Gedern, or Geudern, X. Hesse, on the Nidder
25 SE. Giessen. Pop. 1,614.
Gedida, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates
16 SE. Bagdad.
Gedney, X. Eng., in Lincolnshire ; 8 S. Hoi
beach. Pop. 1,113.
Gedingooma, X. Africa, in Kaarta; 30 NW
Kemmoo. It is fortified with high walls of stone
Gedrosia, now Mecran.
Gedumah, country, Africa, on E. side of the
river Senegal, governed by a king who is a
Mahometan, bounded N. by Sahara, or the
Great Desert, E. by Jaffhoo, S. by Jaaga, and
W. by Foota Torra ; of a square form, about
60 miles each way. Lon. 9. 40. to 11. 20. W.
Lat. 14. 50. to 16. N.
Gedwabenen, X. Prussia ; 6 NW. Passenheim.
Geek, or Gheele, or Ghele, X. Brabant ; 10
NW. Diest. Pop. 3,460.
Geemskerskoi Nos, cape on E. coast of No
va Zembla. Lon. 77. 14. E. Lat. 77. 10. N.
Geeong, X. Borneo. Lon. 117. 10. E. Lat. 5.
10. N. ,

Geerdbar, t. Bengal ; 8 NW. Koohda.
Geerar, t.Hind., Oude ; 21 ENE. Notchegong.
Geersberghe, see Grammont.
Geenliel,X. Holland, in the island of Putten;
6 miles from the Brill. Pop. 416.
Geesh, v. Abyssinia, near foe source of the
Bahr-el Azrek. It gives name to a mountain
ous district. Lon. 86. 56. E. Lat. 10. 59. N.
Geesle, r. Bremen, which fills the ditches of
Carlsburg, and runs into the Weser, a little
below. Geesteon, X. Neth., in Guelderland ; 2 S.
Rheenen. POp. 1,300.
Geetura, now Baku.
Geete, r. Brabant, which runs into the De
nier, at Helen.
Geevah, mt. Ireland, between the counties of
Leitrim and Roscommon ; 9 NE. Boyle.
Gefell, or Markt Gefell, t. Saxony, in the
Voigfland ; 9 SW. Plauen. Pop. 795.
Geffen, t. Neth. ; 7 ENE. Bois le Due. P. 900.
Gefie, r. Sweden, which passes by foe town
so called, and runs into foe gulf of Bothnia,
about 10 miles below.
Gefle, or Giawle, t. Sweden, chief town ins
Norland, fa capital of Gestricia and Gefleborg^
on an arm ofthe gulf of Bothnia, which divides
the town, and surrounds it ; forming two isl
ands ; 60 N. Upsal. Lon. 17. 8. E. Lat. 60. 40.
N. Pop. in 1815, 6,595. The town is ancient
and commercial, with many rich merchants,
but neither regular nor handsome. The har
bour is good : the principal exports are iron,
pitch, tar, and planks. Two thirds of the in
habitants are fishermen.
Gefleborg, gov. Sweden, situated between
Dalecarlia and West Norland, and extending
from the gulf of Bothnia to the Norwegian
mountains, and formed from foe provinces of
Herdejalen, Helsingland, and Gestricia. Sq
m. 9;000. Pop. 89,083. Chief town, Gefle.
Gefrees, X. Bavaria, in Upper Maine ; 12 NNE.
Bayreuth, 14 SSW. Hof. Lon. 10. 50. E. Lat
50. 5. N. Pop. 1,016.
Gegadivay, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 8 SE. Kist-
nagheri. Gege, X. Hind., in Cochin ; 25 SE. Cochin.
Gegende, X. En. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on foe
Danube ; 20 W. Nicopoli.
Gegeny, X. Hungary ; 23 E. Gros Wardein.
Geglake, X. Prussia ; 10 NNE. Rastenburg
Gegno, X. Italy ; 8 N. Como.
Gehanpenna, X, Hind. ; 7 NW. Delhi.
Geharconda, X. Hind., in Candeish, on the
river Oodah Ootale ; 50 E. Burhanpour.
ij-Gehmen, X. Pru., in Westphalia, on tne Aa,in
Munster ; 16 NE. Wesel. Lon. 6. 45 E Lat
51. 65. N. Pop. 810.
Ge-Ao, t. Chinese Tartary ; 23 SSE. Pora 100
NE. Pekin. Lon. 117. 32. E. Lat. 41. 3. N.
Ge-hofen, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 3 S. Artern. P. 650.
Gehrden,X. Hanover, in Calenberg; 6 WSw'.
Hanover. Pop. 905.
Gehren,X. Ger., Schwartzburg SondersBausen •
10 S. Arnstadt Pop. 1,085. '
Geibach, X. Bavaria ; 3 NNE. Volckach.
Geibenheim, X. France, in Upper-Rhine • 12
NE. Beforte. % '
Geiersberg, mt. Silesia, Niesse; 7 S; Ziegen-
hals. ¦ °

GEL

640

GEM

Geicrsibalde, t. Prussia ; 9 SE. Osterfod.
Geihoun, (an. Pyramus,) r. Syria, which runs
into the bay of Alexandretta, Lat 36. 40. N.
Geikin, r: Persia, which separates the prov
ince of Kerman from Mecran, and runs into the
Indian sea, 60 SW. Cape Jasques.
Geil, r. which rises in the county of Tyrol,
passes through Upper Carinthia, and joins the
Drave, near Villach.-
Geilberg, t. Carinthia ; 6 NW. Mauten.
Geildorf see Gaildorf
Geilenikrchen, X. Pru. Aix la Chapelle ; 8 N W.
Juliers. Lon. 6. 10. E. Lat. 50. 57. N. P. 1,773.
Geilgarben, X. Prussia, in Samland ; 15 NNE.
Konigsberg. '
Geilsdorf X. Sax., Vogtland ; 5 SSW. Plauen.
Geilstatt, V Bav. ; 8 N. Bamberg.
Geilslieim, X. Bav. ; 3 NE. Wassertrudingen..
Geira, X. Natolia, (an. Aphrodisias,) a city of
Caria ; 60 ESE. Guzelhisa'r.
Geirkopf mt. Salzburg, in the Prinzgau, near
Zell. Height 8,500.
Geis, X. Weimar, in Eisenach. Pop. 1,598.
Geisberg, mt.Carinthia,nearFriesach. Height
3,950. Geisel, r. Saxony, which runs into the Saale,
5 S. Halle.
Geiseland,X. Bav. ; 16 N. Schainfeld.
Geisclhoring, X. Bav., .district of Ffaffenburg ;
9 SW. Straubing. Pop. 866.
Geisettemden, t.Bav,,in Regen, on the Ebrach;
8 E. Schainfeld. P. 808.
Gcisenfeld, X. Bav. ; 9 SE. Ingolstadt, 10 N.
Pfaffenhofen. Fop. 865.
Geisenheim, X. Nassau; 1 7 W. Mentz. P. 1,200.
Geisshubel, t. Bohemia ; 20 ENE. Konigin
gratz. H. 200.
Geising, X. Sax., in Meissen; 20 S. Dresden.
Geisingen, t. Baden ; 14 N. Schaffhausen, 29
NW. Constance.
Geislede, r. Ger., which runs into foe Leine,
near Heiligenstadt, in Eichsfeld.
Geislingen, t. Wurtemberg, on the Kocher ;
containing 2 churches, and 4 gates ; 12 W. Ulm.
Lon. 9. 50. E. Lat. 48. 34. N. Pop. 1,650.
Geismar, X, Ger., in Hesse Cassel ; 14 NNW.
Cassel, 22 W. Gottingen. Lon. 9. 24. E. Lat.
51.20. N. Pop. 581.
Geisselboring, X. Bavaria; 9 SW. Straubing.
Geissern, t. Salzburg ; 32 S. Salzburg.
Geissing See, lake, Carinthia; 12 N. Felt-
kerchen. Geistal, r. Stiria, which runs into the Kainach,
bear Moskirchen.
Geist un Frau, %. Stiria ; 6 m. from Windisch
Weistritz. Geispoltzheim, or Geispolsheim, X. France, in
Lower-Rhine ; 6 SSW. Strasburg, 6 E. Mols-
heim. Pop. 2,086.
Geiszlingen, see Geislingen.
Geiihayn, or Geithen, X. Saxony, in Leipzig ;
20 SSE. Leipzig, 40 W. Dresden. Lon. 12. 39.
E. Lat. 51. l.N. Pop. 1,701.
Geta, see Terra Nova, and Ghilan.
Gelbfreulh, X. Bav. ; 10 SSW, Culmbach.
Gelderland, or Geldern sec Guelderland.
Geldorp, X. N. Brabant ; 4 ESE. Eyndhoven.
Pop. 1,100.
GeleUslein, X. Bav.; 10 S. Gcmungen.
Gelemar, t. Hind., in Oude ; 21 SSW. Goo-
racnoitr.

GelenatL, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 6 WNW.
Greiffenstein. Geligonda, t. Hind., in foe Carnatic ; 50 SW.
Ongole. Gelise, r. France, which runs into the Baise,
at Lavardac.
Gellah, or Collah, or Gallah ad Snaah, X. Al
giers, in Constantina, near the river Serratt ;
86 E. Constantina. It is built on a high painted
mountain, with only one narrow road leading
up to it. This place, Which is only to be con
quered by hunger and- surprize, is a convenient
sanctuary for rebels and villains.
Gellah, (an. Castra Corneliana,) X. Africa, in
Tunis, on a rugged promontory, to which it
gives name, near the river Mejerdah; 18 N.
Tunis. Gelle, X. Africa, in Dar Fur ; 40 NW. Cobb6.
Gellheim, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 13
W. Worms, 23 NW. Manheim. Pop. 834. In
1297, abattle wasfought here,in which fell Adol-
phus, emperor of Germany, by the hands of
Albert of Austria, who succeeded him.
Gellivare, t. Sweden, in the Lapmark of Lu-
lea ; 98 NNW. Lulea, 120 NW. Tornea. Lon.
20. 25. E. Lat. 67. 7. N.
Gelly Cairn, mt. Scot, in Perthshire ; 8 N.
Crieff. Gclmdh, or Kalmah, t Africa, in Algiers ; 60
E. Constantina.
Gelmah, (an. Cilma, or Oppidum Cilmanense,)
X. Africa, in Tunis ; 40 SW. Cairoan, 84 SSW.
Tunis. Lon. 9. 20. E. Lat. 35. IS. N. It appears
to have been a large city, and the area of a
temple is still remaining.
Gelmuden, or Gelmuyen, or Genimuyden, t.
Holland, in Overissel, situated on S. side of the
Vecht, near the Zuyder Zee ; 3 SE. Vollenhove,
6 ENE. Campen. Lon. 5.57, E. Lat. 52. 40.
N. Pop. 1,095.
Gelnhausen, X. Hesse Cassel, Hanau, on foe
Kintzig ; 12 E. Hanau. Lon. 9. 14. E. Lat. 50.
13. N. Pop. 2,613.
Gelt, r. Eng., which runs into the Irting, 1
SE. Brampton, in Cumberland.
Geluda, X. Hind., in Kotta ; 40 E. Kotta.
Gelves, isl. in the Mediterranean, near, the
coast of Tripoli, so called by the Spaniards. See
Gerba. Gelzoe, small isl. in foe .North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 69. 30. N.
Gemaagidid, or Dclgumutu, X. Morocco ; 40
SW. Morocco.
Gemappe,or Gemappel,orJemappe,X. Hainaut,
situated at foe junction of the rivers Haisne and
Troiiille ; 3 SW. Mons. It is remarkable on ac
count of a battle fought bere the 5th of Novem
ber, 1792, in which, after a most obstinate resist
ance, the Austrians were compelled to leave
the field, and retire to Mons.
Gemappe, late dep. France, composed of
Hainaut. Pop. 412,192. Chief town, Mons.
Gemarke, t. Pru. Dusseldorf; 20 SE. Dussel
dorf. Pop. 5,000. It has manufactures of linen,
cotton, silk, and woollen.
Gembice, or Gembock, X. Pru. Posen, on foe
Netze ; 16 ENE. Gnesna. Pop. 555.
Gemblours, or Giblou, X. Brabant, on the small
river Orneau, which runs into the Sambre, 10
NW. Namur, 11 NE. Charleroy. Pop. 1,660. It

GEN

641

GEN

is considerable on account of its ancient abbey,
which had once foe privilege of coining money,
and was formerly in possession of a .celebrated
library. Gimeaux, t. France, in Cote-d'Or; 2 SE. Is
sur Tiile.
Gemelle, now Jimmelah.
Gememrch, X. Persia, in foe province of Irak j
60 SW. Kermansha.
Gemiano, X. Egypt; 18 S. Damietta.
Gemingen, t. Baden ; 6NW. Heilbronn. Pop.
1,020, Gemme, (El,) see Jemme, (El.)
Gemmi, mt. Switz., making part of the great
chain which separates the canton of Berne from
the Valais; 20 E. Sion. Height 6,953 feet.
Gemnice, see Jamniisr.
Gemona,X. Italy, in Friuli; 12 NNW- Udina,
21 NW. Friuli ; Lon. ;12. 59. E. Eat. 46. 20. N.
Pop. 2,000. This is an old but opulent town,
where all the merchandize coming from Ger
many is detained and searched by officers of
the customs. Its district contains 32 villages,
Gemons, t. France, in Moufos-of-foe-Rnone,
S. of Roquevaire. Pop. 1,560.
Gemozac, X. France, in Lower-Charente; 5 W.
Pons, 10 S. Saintes. Pop. 2,396.
Gemund or Gmund, X. Wurtemberg, on the
Rembs ; 24 E. Stuttgart- Eon. 9. 50. E. Lat
48. 44. N. Pop. 5,341. It has a Cath. gymnasi
um, and was an imperial town till 1802.
Gemund, or Gemunden, X. Bav., in Lower-
Maine, on foe right bank of the Maine, where
it is joined by the united streams of the Saal
and foe Sinn ; 25 W. Schweinfurt, 37 E. Franc-
fort. Lon. 9.52. E: Lat 50, 5. N. Pop. 1,159.
Gemund, X. Carinthia ; 10 NE. Saxenburg, 32
NW. Clagenfurt. Lon. 13.21. E. Lat. 46. 50. N.
Gemund, or Gemunden, X. Austria, on the
Traun See ; 24 SSW. Ljntz, 108 WSW. Vienna.
Lon. 13. 42. E. Lat. 47. 64. N. Pop. 2,000. It is
celebrated for its salt-works.
Gemund, X. Austria ; 12 NNW. Zwetl, 60 NW.
Vienna. Lon. 15. 3. E. Lat. 48. 44. N.
Gemnnde, tFru. Aix la Chapelle, on the Ruhr;
41 WNW. Coblentz. Lon. 6. 28. E. Lat. 50. 37.
N. Pop. 997.
Gemunden, X. Nassau ; 3 E. Westerburg.
Gemunden, X. Hesse-Cassel ; 16 SW. Fritzlar,
28 SW. Cassel. Lop. 9. E. Lat. 50. 59. N. Pop.
1,142. Gemunden, X. Han. ; 13 SW. Gottingen.
Genadendal, X. Africa ; 50 E. Cape Town.
Genadge, X. Egypt ; 12 S. Faoua.
Genadil, mt. Nubia, over which foe Nile
passes and forms a cataract ; 45 N. Jalac, 120
SSW. Syene.
Genap, or Geneppe, X. Brabant, on the Dyle ;
S E. Nivelle. Pop. 1,073.
Genapilla, X. Hind., Carnatic ; 36 W. Nellore.
Genberaba, X. Persia, Irak ; 100 E. Hamadan.
Gcnbita, t. Nubia ; 65 NE. Dekin-
Gengay, t. France, in Vienne; 12 NNE. Ci-
vary, 12 S. Poitiers. Pop. 706.
Gendie, t. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile ;
4 N. Abugirge.
Gendray, X. France, Jura ; 10 E. Auxonne.
Gendu»-,t Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 24 W. Nal-
dowrouk. Genebum, now Orleans.
Vol. I. SI

Genemuyden, see Gelmuden.
Genenenne, (El,) t. Egypt ; 60 S. Glrge.
Generac, X. France, in Gard ; 6. S. Nimes.
Genesagenagua, lajke, on E. side of Maine, at
foe sources of the St. Croix.
Genesan, X. Arabian Irak ; 90 S. Bagdad.
Genesareth, or Gennezanth, called also CAire-
nereth, Cinnerolh, Genesar, Sea of Galilee, and
Sea of Tiberias, lake, Palestine, 28 E. Acre, 45
N. Jerusalem. It is 17 miles long, and 6 broad.
The Jordan passes through it Its waters are
sweet and transparent, and abound with fish.
"Its broad and extended surface," says Dr.
Clarke, "covering the bottom of a profound
valley, environed by lofty and precipitous emi
nences, added to the impression of a certain
reverential awe under which every Christian
pilgrim approaches it, give a character of dig
nity .unparalleled by any similar scenery."
Genesee, r. which rises in Pennsylvania, and
runs north through New- York, and flows into
lake Ontario at Charlotte, 6 miles below Roch
ester. At the distance of 6 miles from its
mouth, are falls of 96 feet, and one mile higher
up, other falls of 75 feet. Above these it is
navigable for boats nearly 70 miles, where are;
two other falls, of 60 and 90 feet, one mile
apart,inNunda,S. of Leicester. This river waters
one of the finest tracts of land in the state, its
alluvial flats are extensive and very fertile.
Genesee, co. N. Y., bounded N. by lake Onta
rio, E. by Monroe and Livingston cos., S. by
Alleghany and Cataraugus cos., and W. by
Erie and Niagara cos. Fop. in 1810, 12,588;
in 1820, 58,093. Chief town, Batavia.
Geneseo, p-t. fa cap. Livingston co. N. Y., on
E. side of the Genesee ; 20 WSW. Canandaigua,
238 W.Albany. W. 356. Pop. 1,598.
Genest, X. France, Channel ; 8 N. Pontorson.
Pop. 913.
Genest, X. Prussia ; 12 SSE. Bartenstein.
Geneteil, X. France, in Mayne-andrLoire ; 6
SW. Le Lude, 6 N. Bauge.
Geneva,, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y., in NE. cor
ner of the township of Seneca, at N. end of
Sericcalake; 16 E. Canandaigua, 22 W Au
burn, 58 N. Elmira, 192 W. Albany, W. 349.
Pop. 1,357. It is a pleasant, handsome, and
flourishing village, and contains a bank, an
academy, a glass manufactory, and 3 houses
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for
Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Episcopalians, and
has an extensive trade. It is handsomely
built on the banks of foe lake, elevated 50 or
60 feet above the surface of the water, and
commands a fine view of the lake, which is
here 3 miles wide. Two newspapers are pub
lished here. The surrounding countiy is fertile
and well cultivated.
Geneva, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio ; 21 Colum
bus, W. 414.
Geneva, X. Ashtabula, Ohio, on lake Erie
Pop. 315.
Genet'o, p-t. Jennings co. Jndiana ; 54 Indian-
opolis, W. 616.
Geneva, (New,) p-t. Fayette co. Pa., on E.
side of the Monongahela, opposite Greensburg ;
W. 226. The nearest portage between the Mo
nongahela and the Potomac commences here ¦
distance 60 miles. It is a flourishing village'
situated in a fertile country.

GEN

642

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Geneva, city, Switz., capital of a small can
ton, 42 miles N. Chamberry, 70 NE. Lyons, 72^
posts SE. Paris, by Bourg en Bresse and Ma
con, 58 by Dijon and Mount Jura. Lon. 6, 9.
W. Lat 46. 12. N. Pop. 25,000. It is situated
on the confines of Savoy and France, at the
southern extremity of the lake of Geneva ; the
Rhone passes through it, dividing it into two
Unequal parts. It is elevated 1,220 feet above
the level of the sea.
Geneva is'greatly celebrated for its romantic
and delightful situation, and has beautiful walks
in every direction. The adjacent country is
wonderfully picturesque, and abounds in mag
nificent views, formed by the town, the lake,
the numerous hills and mountains, particularly
the Saleve and the Mole, rising suddenly from
the plain in a variety of fantastic forms, back
ed by the glaciers of Savoy, with their frozen
tops glistening in the sun, and the majestio
Mont Blanc, rearing its head far above the rest.
The city is irregularly built ; foe houses are
high, consisting frequently of 4 or 5 stories,
and many of them have arcades of wood,
which are raised even to the upper stories.
The public buildings are the Hotel de Ville,
the arsenal, the college or university, the pub
lic library, the hospital, the theatre, the cathe
dral, 5 Reformed churches, and 1 Lutheran ch.
Geneva has been long celebrated for watch
making, which employs nearly 7,000 individu
als, and a great part of Europe is supplied with
watches from this place. Other manufactures
are the making of mathematical, surgical, and
other instruments, jewellery, toys, woollens,
muslin, chintz, silk, and porcelain. The inhabi
tants are distinguished for their industry, good
morals, intelligence, and politeness. It is much
resorted to by strangers, who enjoy uncommon
rivileges ; and though comparatively small, it
as acquired a celebrity equal to that of the
first capitals.
The system of education, which prevails at
Geneva, is perhaps not surpassed by that of
any other city in Europe. The course of in
struction in the literary seminary here, is divid
ed into two parts, the public school and the
academy or university. Children, from the age
of 5 to 14 or 16, are taught, in the first depart
ment of the seminary, the various elementary
branches of learning, together with the Greek
and Latin languages. In this department there
are 11 instructed. After having finished this
part of the course, they are admitted into the
second department, where they pass 4 years
under the instruction of the professors. The
two first years are devoted to belles letters, and
the two last, to the different branches of philos
ophy. The number of professors, in 1814, was
22, and the number of students in the two de
partments, 1,000. The public library contains
50,000 printed volumes and 200 MSS., among
which are 24 vols, of Calvin's sermons, and a
large collection of the letters of that celebrated
reformer. Geneva is famous for having been
the centre and asylum of the reformed religion.
It has long been distinguished as a seat of learn
ing, and has given birth to many persons of
eminence ; among whom are Diodati, Tron-
cljin, Turretin, Pictet, Vernet, Casaubon, Le

h;

Clerc, J. J. Rousseau, Mallet, Burlemaqui, De
Lome, Bonnet, Le Sage, Saussure, Necker, and
Madame de Stael.
The late republic of Geneva, was a very small
territory, containing 34,704 inhabitants. This
republic, together with some acquisitions from
Savoy, now forms the small canton of Geneva.
The soil is gravelly, not very fertile, but re
markably well cultivated. The climate is
healthy, but rather cold. Pop. 44,000. Sq.m. 101.
Geneva, (Lake of) or Lake of Lemon, (an.
Lemanus,) large lake between Switzerland and
Savoy, in a valley which separates the Alps
from Mount Jura. The length along the coast
of Switzerland is 50 miles, on the side of Savoy
42 ; the greatest breadth 10 miles ; its greatest
depth, about 1,000 feet Sq. m. 242. It is great
ly celebrated for its beauty and picturesque
scenery, and is undoubtedly the finest lake in
Europe ; that of Constance only has been
supposed to equal it. The water is clear, ex
cept where the entrance of the Rhone makes
it foul by the quantity of mud it brings along
With it in its course. Near Geneva it is shal
low, but in some parts exceedingly deep, but it
is never frozen. It abounds in fish, remarkable
as well for their excellence as size. The scenery
all around is most magnificent, the north side.
being fertile and beautifully diversified, while
the south rises gradually till its mountains form
the highest of the Alpine range.
Genevieve, see St. Genevieve.
Genevieve Bay, bay on W. coast of New
foundland, in the straits of Belleisle ; 20 N. St.
John's bay.
Genevitliers, X. France, Seine ; 2 W. St. Denis.
Genevan, or Duchy of Geneva, pr. Savoy,
bounded N. by the Swiss territories, E. by
Faucigny, S. by Savoy Proper, and W. by
France, from which it is separated by the
Rhone. Pop. 70,249. Sq. m. 700. It belonged
to France from 1793 to 1815, forming a part of
the dep. of Mont Blanc.
Genevray, X. France, Isere ; 10 S. Grenoble.
Geneuro, mt. which divides Piedmont from
the ancient Dauphiny, in the road from Brian-
con to Susa.
Gengenbach, t. Baden, formerly imperial, on
the Kinzig ; 15 SE. Strasburg, 22 N. Freyburg.
Lon. 8. 1. E. Lat. 48. 27. N. Pop. 1,842.
Genille, X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 3 N.
Loches. Genipabu, r. Brazil, which runs into foe At
lantic, Lon, 34. 46. W. Lat. 5. 35. S.
Genite, X. France, in Correze ; 18 W. Brive.
Genito Bridge, p-v. Powhatan co. Va., W. 159.
Genlis, X. France, in Aisne ; 3 N. Chauny, 12
S. St. QUentin. Pop. 634.
Gennaba, X. Persia, in Farsistan, on the Per
sian gulf ; 15 NW. Bender Rigk.
Genne, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire, near
the Loire ; 9 NW. Saumur. Pop. 1,455.
Gennep, X. Neth., Limburg, on the Niers, near
the Meuse ; 9 SSW. Cleves. Lon. 5. 50. E. Lat
51. 43. N. Pop. 978.
Gennes, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 5 NE.
La Guerche.
Genneppe, t. Brabant ; 9 SE. Waterloo.
Genoa, once Milton, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y.,
on E. side of Cayuga lake; 25 S. Auburn, 180
W. Albany, W. 375. Pop. 2,585.

GEN

643

GEO

Genoa, country, Italy, once an independent
republic, now a province of Sardinia, bounded
W. by Nice, N. by Piedmont, Milanese, and
Parmesan, E. by Tuscany, and S. by the Medi
terranean ; about 120 miles in length, but
scarcely in any part more than 20 in breadth,
and is divided into 6 districts. The country is
mountainous, and part of it covered with bar
ren rocks, which serve for its defence. Some
of the mountains are covered with wood, and
some yield good pasture. There is but a small
quantity of arable land. Sq. m. 2,332. Pop. in
1819, 636,728. This countiy was anciently
styled Upper Liguria. In 1798 it took the name
ofthe Ligurian republic ; in 1805 it was incor
porated with the French empire; and in 1815
it was made over to the king of Sardinia by
foe congress of Vienna.
Genoa, (an. Genua,) city, Italy, capital ofthe
country of Genoa ; 64 S. Milan, 66 SE. Turin.
Lon. 8. 58. E. Lat. 44. 25. N. Pop, in 1766,
100,000; in 1806, 75,861. H. 15,000; in 1819,
stated at 85,000. Abp. see. It is situated at the
northern point ofthe Mediterranean, called the
gulf of Genoa, anciently the Ligustic gulf, and
stands on the declivity of a hill. On the land
side it is surrounded by a double wall ; the
inner inclosing the town with a circuit of 6
miles ; the outer taking in several hills with a
circuit of nearly 12 miles. From the command
ing situation of the ground, it is a place of great
strength. When viewed from the harbour Ge
noa and its environs present the form of an
amphitheatre, of which foe city forms one side,
and the harbour the centre. The white build
ings, erected on successive terraces, form a
contrast with the naked appearance of the Ap
penines, and give foe town an air of great mag
nificence ; but the interior does not altogether
correspond with these impressions. The houses
are indeed well built, but the streets are gener
ally irregular and so narrow that it is difficult
lo pass them in a carriage ; and the extreme
density makes the town appear dark and mel
ancholy, particularly in winter.
Three of the streets form exceptions to the
rest ; they are regular, spacious, and lined with
the palaces of great families, of vast and lofty
dimensions, some entirely of marble, and all
ornamented with marble portals, porticos, and
columns ; and no less magnificent in the inte
rior. The public edifices are no less splendid
than the abodes of the citizens, and are pro
fusely ornamented with marbles and gilding.
Among the most remarkable are the palace,
the ancient residence of foe doge, the arsenal,
the cathedral, and the great hospital. The city
contains 32 parish churches, 69 cloisters, 3
public libraries, 2 gymnasia, a university, and
academies of painting, sculpture, architecture,
sciences, and literature.
The harbour is in the form of a semicircle,
inclosed by two strong moles; foe water in the
deepest is sufficient to admit ships of 80 guns ;
but the entrance is difficult. Commerce was
always, foe favourite pursuit of the Genoese ;
and the trade of the city though less than in
the 15th and 16th centuries, is still consider
able. The exports consist of rice, fruit, and
olive oil, the produce of the adjacent country ;

also the manufactures of the city, viz. silks,
damasks, and particularly velvets. The bank
of Genoa was, in the day of its prosperity, one
of the greatest establishments of the kind in
Europe. It was founded in 1407, and finally.
dissolved by Bonaparte.
Genoa Bar, reef of rocks, extending some
miles from N. coast of the island of Bahama.
Lon. 79. 36. W. Lat. 26. 20. N.
Genola, X. Piedmont ; 3 NE. Savigliano.
Genolhac, or Genouiflac, X. France, in Gard ;
15 NW. Alais, 36 NNW. Nimes. Pop. 1,367.
Genosa, X. Naples, Otranto ; 10 SE. Otranto.
Genouillac, X. France, Creuse ; 9 W.Boussac.
Pop. 1,049.
Genouille, X. France, in Charente ; 10 W. St.
Jean d'Angelly.
Genouilli, X. France, Vienne; 3-S. Civray.
Genowi, X. Africa ; 6 Sennaar.
Gensac, X. France, in Gironde ; 9 SE. Li-
bourne, 9 N. Castelmoron d'Albert. Pop. 2,786.
Gentiah, X. Asia, in Assam ; 370 E. Patna.
Lon. 92. 10. E. Lat. 25. 10. N.
Gentilly, X. France, in Seine ; foe residence
of the kings of France of foe 1st and 2d race ;
3 S. Paris. Pop. 4,495.
Gentimanetour, X. Carnatic ; 30 W. Cuddalore.
Gentioax, X. France, Creuse ; 9 SW. Felletin.
Genthin, X. Pru., Magdeburg ; 30 NE. Magde
burg. Pop. 1,3'48.
Gen-tsing, X. China, in Se-tchuen ; 87 NW.
Hoei-li. Genusus, now Semno.
Genzano,X. Naples, in Basilicata; 12 ESE.
Venosa. Genzano, X. Popedom, Campagna di Roma ;
3 W. Veletri.
Genzin, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 2E. Arendsee.
Gensingen, t. Hesse ; 5 NE. Creutznach.
Pop. 583.
George, X. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,039.
George, X. Africa, E. of Cape Good Hope.
George, (Lake,) lake, N. Y., between Wash
ington and Warren cos., 36 miles in length, but-
rarely exceeding 2 in breadth. It lies south of
lake Champlain, with which it communicates
by an outlet 3 miles long. This outlet during
its course descends upwards of 100 feet. The
lake is said to contain as many islands as there
are days in the year, on some of which are
found beautiful crystals of quartz. It is a body
of pure transparent water, never rendered' tur
bid ; and the bottom is perfectly visible, even
where the depth is great. It abounds with the
finest fish, bass, trout, and various other kinds.
It is surrounded by high mountains, covered
with evergreens, and is greatly admired on ac
count of its beautiful and picturesque scenery. ,
It is much visited in summer in connexion with
the waters of Ballston and Saratoga. — This lake
has been conspicuous in American wars, sev
eral battles have been fought on its borders,
and remains of military works around it are
still visible.
George Bank, rocky shoal, near W. coast of
Sumatra. Lon. 96. 12. E. Lat. 3. 48. N.
George Island, between lake Superior, and
lake Huron. Lon. 84. 20. W. Lat. 46. 15. N.
Georgenberg, X. Hungary, in Zips, on the Po-
prat Pop. 985-.

GEO

644

GEO

Georgenburg, X. Russia, in Wilna, on the Mil-
wa ; 35 E. Tilsit.
Georgenthal, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz.
Georgetown, X. Lincoln co. Maine, on E. side
ofthe Kennebeck, at its mouth ; 15 SW. Wis
casset, 160 NE. Boston. Pop. 1,165.
Georgetown, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. ; 120 W.
Albany. Pop. 824.
Georgetown, p-t. Beaver co. Pa. ; 44 miles
below Pittsburg, W. 265.
Georgetown, p-t. fa cap. Sussex co. Delaware ;
16 WSW. Lewiston, 103 S. Philadelphia, W.
130. It contains an academy and a bank.
Georgetown, p-t. fa port of entry, Washing
ton co. and District of Columbia, on NE. bank
of the Potomac, about 200 miles from its mouth,
and 300 from the capes of Virginia, 3 W. Of the
Capitol in Washington. Lon. 77. 6. W. Lat. 38.
55. N. Pop. in 1810, 4,948; in 1820, 7,360. It
is separated from Washington by a small river,
called Rock creek, over which there are two
bridges. It contains a market house, a college,
a Lancasterian school, a public library of 1,200
volumes, 4 banks, and 5 houses of public wor
ship, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Presbyterians,
and 2 for Methodists.
The situation is very pleasant, commanding
a beautiful view of the river, the city of Wash
ington,, and the surrounding country. The
houses are principally built of brick, and many
of them are elegant. On the hills near the
town, there are several fine country seats. The
situation is very healthy, and the water excel
lent. It is a flourishing town, and a place of
considerable trade. The shipping owned here,
in 1816, amounted to 6,839 tons. In conse
quence of the difficulties of navigation occa
sioned by a bar 3 miles below the town, a con
siderable part of foe produce is . transported to
Alexandria, and exported from that place.
Georgetown College is a Catholic institution,
under the direction of the incorporated Catho
lic clergy of Maryland. It was first incorporat
ed in 1799, and was duly authorised to confer
degrees by act of Congress in 1815. The num
ber of students, in 1813, was 137; college offi
cers 12. There are 2. college edifices, both of
brick, spacious, handsome, and convenient ;
finely situated on elevated ground, command
ing a delightful prospect. The library contains
between 6 and 7,000 volumes ; and the philo
sophical apparatus is valuable.
Georgetown, district, E. part of S. C. Pop. in
1810, 15,679; slaves 13,867. Pop. in 1820,
17,603. Georgetown, p-t, portof entry, fa cap. George
town, district, S. C., on W. side of Winyaw
bay, at the entrance of Sampit river; 12 miles
from the sea; 60 NNE. Charleston, 134 S. Fay
etteville, W. 482. Lon. 79. 29. W. Lat. 32. 22.
N. Pop. about 2,000. It contains a court house,
a jail, a bank, an academy, and 4 houses of
public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Pres
byterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists.
The Pedee, Waccarhaw, and Black river flow
into Winyaw bay, and connect Georgetown
with the back country. At the mouth of the
bay there is a bar which prevents the entrance
of vessels drawing more than 11 feet of water.
The shipping owned here in 1816, amountedto
773 tons.

Georgetown; p-t. Dearborn CO. Indiana, 89
Indianopolis, W. 537.
Georgetown, v. Coecil co. Md., on Sassafras
river, nearly opposite to Fredericktown, 1
NW. Georgetown Cross Roads, 17 N. Chester-
town, 60 E. Baltimore. It is pleasantly situated,
and contains a Presbyterian meeting house and
and 18 dwelling houses, mostly of brick.
Georgetown, p-t. fa cap. Scott co. Kentucky j
12 N. Lexington, 17 E. Frankfort, W. 570. Lon.
85. 8. W. Lat. 38. 15. N. Pop, in 1810,548; in
1820, 1,056. It is situated in a pleasant and
fertile country, and contains a court house, a
jail, a bank, a printing office, an academy, 2
houses of public worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1
for Methodists, and has several manufacturing
establishments. It is situated on Royal Spring,
which flows into the N. Elkhorn, nearly a mile
from the town.
Georgetown Cross Roads, p-v. Kent co. Md. ;
1 S. Georgetown, W. 95.
Georgetown Entrance, the mouth of the Great
Pedee river, on the coast of S. C.
Georgetown, X. New Brunswick, on the river-
St. John. Lon. 66. 12. W. Lat. 45. 48. N.
Georgetown, see Stabroek.
George Town, X. on E. coast of the island of
St. John, on the gulf of St. Lawrence.
George Town, or George's Town, X. Scot., in
Perthshire, with some barracks, at the end of
Loch Rannock; 36 NW. Perth. Lob. 4.25.
W. Lat. 56. 41. N.
Gtorgenberg, X. Pru. Silesia, in Oppeln ; 9 N.
Beuthen, 40 E. Oppeln. Lon. 18. 52. E. Lat.
50. 30. N. Pop. 400.
Georgenfeld, or St. Georgenfeld, X. Saxony,
in Erzgebirg; 2 S. Altenberg.
Georgenthal, X. Gotha ; 6 S. Gotha. Pop. 430;
Georgenzells, X. Ger., in Meiningen ; 5 SSE.
Salzungen. Georgia, p-t. Franklin co. Vt., on lake Cham
plain ; 21 N. Burlington, W. 522. Pop. 1,703.
This is an excellent township for grazing.
GEORGIA, Grusia, or Guesia, country, Asia,
between the Black and Caspian seas, north of
Armenia, and south of Circassia, on the fron
tiers of Russia and Persia, since 1801 in foe
possession of Russia. Sq.m. 18,600. Pop. about
320,000. It combines the mountainous charac
ter of .the Caucasian region with that of the
fertile plains of Persia, and unites the products
of both the teriiperate and tropical climates. It
is well watered, and possesses great natural ad
vantages. Being situated oil the frontiers of
Russia and Persia, it has suffered much by war:
a struggle was long maintained between its na
tive princes and the sovereigns of Persia. The
inhabitants consist mostly of Christians of the
Greek church ; also Jews, Armenians, Tartars, •
and Russians. The Georgians, like foe Circas
sians, are celebrated for their beauty. See
Circassia. Georgia and Circassia occupy the
Caucasian regions between the Black arid Cas
pian seas, and their limits are not well distin
guished. Georgia originally included nearly
the whole southern declivity of Caucasus, ex
tending from the Black to the Caspian sea's ;
but recently the name has been restricted to
that part ofthe region which was subjected by
Persia ; and Mingrelia, Irairetta, arid Guriel

GEO

645

GEO

were detached from it. It is divided into 4
provinces, Cartuel, Kaket, or Kacheti, Kisik,
and Georgian Armenia. The rivers are the Kur
and Araxes. Teflis is foe capital, and the only
considerable town.
GEORGIA, one of the U. S., bounded N. by
Tennessee and N. Carolina, NE. by S. Caroli-
lina, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Florida, and W.
by Alabama. Lon. 80. 50. to 86. 6. W. Lat.
30. 30. to 35. N. ; 270 miles long, and 250 broad ;
containing 60,000 square miles. Pop. in 1790,
82,548; in 1800, 162,682; in 1810, 215,433;
in 1820, 340,989; whites, 189,691; slaves,
149,631 ; free people of colour, 1,763. Persons
engaged in agriculture, 101,185 ; in manufac
tures, 3,557 ; in commerce, 2,130. Militia, in
1821, 29,661. TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE.
Counties. Pop. 1810. Fop. 1820. Chief towns.
Appling 1,264
Baldwin 6,356 7,734 Milledgeville
Bryan 2,827 3,021 C. H.
Bullock 2,305 2,578 Statesburgh
Burke 10,858 11,577 Waynesborough
Camden 3,941 4,342 St. Maiy's
Chatham 13,540 14,737 Savannah
Clarke 7,628 8,767 Watkinsville
Columbia 11,242 12,695 Applington
Earley 768
Effingham 2,586 3,018 Springfield
Elbert 12,156 11,788 Elberton
Emanuel 2,928 C. H.
Franklin 10,815 9,040 Carnesville
Glynn 3,417 3,418 Brunswick
Greene 11,679 13,589 Greensborough
Gwinnet 4,589
Habersham 3,145 C. H.
Hall 5,086 C. H.
Hancock 13,330 12,734 Sparta
Irwin 41 1
Jackson 10,569 8,355 " Jefferson
Jasper 7,573 14,614 Monticello
Jefferson 6,111 7,056 Louisville
Jones 8,597 16,570 Clinton
Laurens 2,210 5,436 Dublin
Liberty 6,228 6,695 Riceboro'
Lincoln 4,555 6,458 Lincolnton
Madison 3,735 Danielsville
M'Intosh 8,739 5,129 Darien
Montgomery2,954 1,869 Mount Vernon
Morgan 8,369 13,520 Madison
Oglethorpe 12,297 14,046 Lexington
Pulaski 2,093 5,283 Hartford
Putnam 10,029 15,475 Eatontoa
Rabun 524
Richmond 6,189 8,608 Augusta
Scriven 4,477 3,941 Jacksonborough
Tattnal 2,506 2,644 C. H.
Telfair 744 2,104 Telfairton
Twiggs, 3,405 .10,640 Marion
Walton 4,192 Monroe
Warren 8,725 10,630 Warrenton
Washington 9,940 10,627 Sandersville
Wayne 676 1,010 C. H.
Wilkes 14,887 17,770 Washington
Wilkinson 2,154 6,992 Irwinton

283,407 340,989
Towns. Milledgeville is the seat of govern
ment. Savannah and Augusta are the largest

towns. The other most cbnsiderable towns are
Washington, Louisville, Darien, St. Mary's,
Greensborough, Petersburg, and Sparta.
Education. The legislature has established a
college at Athens, styled Franklin college; and
has made provision for an academy in each
county ; the college and academies all to be
united under the name of the University of
Georgia. An increasing attention is now paid
to education. The state has a common school
fund of #500,000 ; and a fund for internal im
provement of the same amount.
Religion- The Baptists and Methodists are
the most numerous denominations. Other de
nominations are Presbyterians and Episcopali
ans ; a few Roman Catholics, German Luther
ans, Quakers, and Jews.
Government. The legislature consists of a
senate and a house of representatives, chosen
annually by counties, each county sending one
senator, and not less than one, nor more than
four representatives. The governor is elected for
two years, by a joint vote of both houses. The
legislature meets on the 2d Tuesday in January.
— The constitution provides for a census of the
state to be made once in 7 years,
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Savan
nah, Ogechee, Alatamaha, Satilla, Oakmulgee,
Oconee, St. Maiy's, Flint, Chatahoochee, Tal
lapoosa, and Coosa.
Islands. The coast of Georgia for 4 or 5 miles
inland is a salt marsh, mostly uninhabited. In
front of this, towards the sea, there is a chain
of islands of grey rieh soil, covered in their na
tural state with pine, hickoiy, and live oak,
and yielding on cultivation sea-island cotton.
The principal of these islands are Tybee, Was-
saw, Ossabaw, St. Catharine's, Sapello, St. Si
mon's, Jekyl, and Cumberland.
Face of the country and soil. Back of the salt
marsh there is a narrow margin of land, of near
ly the same quality with that ofthe islands. In
the rear of this margin commences the pine
barrens. The rivers and creeks are eveiy where
bordered with swamps or marsh, which, at
every tide, for fifteen or twenty miles from the
coast, are either wholly or partially overflowed.
These constitute the rice plantations. The pine
barrens extend from 60 to 90 miles from the
sea, beyond which the country becomes un
even, diversified with hills and mountains, of a
strong, rich soil, producing cotton, tobacco,
Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of grain.
The northwestern part of the state is mountain
ous, and abounds in sublime and picturesque
scenery. The soil is various; but a large pro
portion of it is very productive. At a distance
from the sea it changes from grey to red ; in
some places it is gravelly, but fertile ; and far
ther back in the country its tint is gradually
deepened, till it becomes what is called the
molatto soil, consisting of black mould and red
earth. This sort of land is generally strong,
and affords abundant crops of wheat, tobacco,
corn, fac. It is succeeded in its turn by a soil
that is nearly black, and very rich, on which
are large quantities of black walnut and mul
berry. Productions. The staple production is cotton ;
| next to that rice. The forests afford an abun-

GER

646

GER

dant supply of fine timber, consisting chiefly of
oak, pine, hickory, mulberry, and cedar. The
kinds of fruit are melons in great perfection,
figs in plenty, oranges, pomegranates, olives,
lemons, limes, citrons, pears, and peaches. The
pine barrens produce grapes of large size and
excellent flavour. The exports, which consist
chiefly of cotton, rice, lumber, tobacco, canes,
deer skins, and maize, amounted, in 1817, to
$8,790,714. Climate. The winters are mild and pleasant;
snow is seldom seen, nor is vegetation inter
rupted by severe frosts. The thermometer usu
ally fluctuates between 40 and 60 degrees. In
the low country, in the vicinity of the swamps,
bilious complaints and fevers are very common
during the months of July, August, and Sep
tember. At the approach of this season, the
rich planters, with their families, remove either
to the sea islands, or to more elevated situations.
Mineral waters. There are several valuable
mineral springs ; Indian springs, the most cele
brated, 16 W. Monticello; one near Washing
ton ; one 12 SE. Louisville ; and another 5
N. Danielsville.
Indians. A large part of Georgia is in the
possession of the Creek and Cherokee Indians.
The Creeks possess a tract of about 15,000 sq.
m. in the SW., watered by Flint river, and ly
ing between the Oakmulgee and Chatahoochee.
The Cherokees possess the NW. part. Their
territory formerly comprised about 16,000 sq,
m., but in 1819, they ceded a large district to
the U S. The white population is in the east
ern part.
Georgia, (New,) or South Georgia, isl. in S.
Atlantic ocean, about 90 miles in length, and
30 in breadth. It abounds in bays "and har
bours, but the prodigious quantity of ice on the
coast renders it inaccessible during a great part
of the year. The coasts are bounded with high
perpendicular rocks of ice. The interior coun
try is not less savage in appearance ; the sum
mits of the rocks are lost in the clouds, and the
valleys are covered with eternal snow ; there is
neither tree nor shrub. Lon. 37. W. Lat 54.
30. S.
Georgia, (New,) country on W. coast of N.
America; S. of New- Albion. Lat. 45. to 50.30. N.
Georgia, (Gulf of) large gulf of the N. Paci
fic ocean, between the continent of N. A. and
Quadra and Vancouver's island ; about 120 m.
in length from N. to S. ; the breadth varies
greatly in its different parts, from 6 m. to 20.
It contains several clusters of islands, and
branches off into a great number of canals. It
communicates with the ocean, on the north by
Queen Charlotte's sound, and on the south by
the strait of Juan de Fuca.
Georgiev, or Georgievsk, t. A. Russia, capital
of the government of Caucasus, and of a circle
ofthe same name; 32 WNW. Ekaterinograd.
Pop 800.
Georgitz, X. Walachia ; 18 NNE. Bucharest.
Geppe, r. Ger., which rises near Neustadt, in
the county of Mark, and runs into the Bigge, 2
N. Olpe, in Westphalia.
Ger, t. France, in Channel; 6 NE. Montain.
Pop. 2,514.
Gera, X. Ger., Upper Saxony, cap. of a district

belonging to Reuss younger line, on (he White
Elster; 30 SSW. Leipsic, 68 W.Dresden. Lon.
12. 4. E. Lat. 50. 53. N. Pop. 7,373. H. 850.
It is surrounded by walls, is well built, and has
considerable manufactures. Pop. of the district,
22,836. Sq. m. 159. It is separated from the
rest of the principality, lying to foe north.
Gera, (an. Aceria,) t Italy ; 3 SW. Pizzighi-
tone. Gera, r. Ger., which runs into the Unstrutt,
6 N. Erfurt.
Gerach, X. Baden, district of Mosbach, on the
Neckar. Pop. 632.
Geralfingen, X. Switz. ; 4 SE. Soleure.
Geranger, X. Norway, in the diocess of Dron
theim ; 22 SSW. Romsdal.
Geranzago, X. Italy ; 9 ENE. Pavia.
Gerar, city of the Philistines, about 12 E.
Gaza. Gerardmer, X. France, in Vosges ; 10 SE.
Bruyeres, 11 E. Remiremont Pop. 4,285>
Gerasa, anciently a city bf Decapolis, now
Dgerrasch. Gerastorff, t. Austria ; 7 E. Korn-Neuburg.
Gerau, ( Gross,) X. Hesse, on the Schwarzach,
10 SE. Mentz. Pop. 1,649.
Gerba, or Jerba, (an. Lotophagitis,) small isl.
in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Tripoli.
Lon. 11. 20. E. Lat. 33.56. N. Pop. 30,000. Its
principal produce is barley and fruit. It has
flourishing manufactures of shawls, linen and
woollen cloths.
Gerberoy, X. France, in Oise ; 6 NE. Gour-
nay, 12 NW. Beauvais. Lon. 1. 57. E. Lat 49.
32. N. Pop. 403. It was fortified in the 9th
century, to stop the incursion of the Normans.
Gerbeviller, X. Frarice, in Meurte ; 5 S Lu
neville, 15 E. Vezelize. Pop. 2,070.
Gerbsladt, t. Pru. Merseburg ; 30 SW. Dessau,
36 S. Magdeburg. Lon. 11 47. E. Lat. 61. 40.
N. Pop. 2,326.
Gerdau, r. Luneburg, which runs into the II-
menau, at Oldenstadt
Gerdauen, X. East Prussia, defended by two
castles ; situated on the Omet, near a consider
able lake, which is called the calendar of Ger
dauen, as prognosticating the weather ; 30 SE.
Konigsberg. Lon. 21. 27. E. Lat. 54. 16. N.
Pop. 1,632.
Gerden, or Gehrden, X. Pru. Minden ; 2 SE.
Dringenberg, 14 E. Paderburn. Pop. 645.
Gerdin, X. Russia, in Perm, on the Colva;
152 N. Perm. Lon. 56. 14. E. Lat. 59. 40. N.
Gerdoba, mt. Africa ; 80 E. Augela.
Geredeh, X. Turkey ; 20 E. Boli. It is large
and populous, and has considerable trade.
Gereek, X. Hind., in Bahar; 12 S. Bahar.
Gerem, t. Grand Bukharia ; 15 SSW. Badak-
shan. Geremschangkaia, t. Russia, in Upha; 36
WNW. Bugulma.
Geren, t. Prussia, in Pomerelia, on the Vis
tula ; 9 WSW. Marienburg.
Gerenna, or Jerenna, X. Spain, in Seville ; 12
NNW. Seville. It is remarkable for a number
of huge rocks, which lie about it, supposed to
have been the effect of an earthquake.
Gerenschanskoi, fortress, Russian Siberia, in
Kolivan ; 240 SSW. Kolivan. Lon. 79. 14. E.
Lat. 50. 45. N.

GER

647

GER

Gerenso, see Cerenza.
Gerersdorf X. Austria ; 3 ESE. Crems.
Gerersheim, X. Pru. Dusseldorf ; 5 E. Dussel
dorf. Pop. 500.
Gerestadt, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 32 SW.
Tonsberg. Geresto, X. Negropont ; 15 S. Caristo.
Gereulh, X. Bavaria ; 5 N. Ebern.
Gergar, X. Spain, in Grenada ; 10 SSW. Pur-
chena. Gergofalva, t. Transylvania; 16 WNW. Her-
manstadt Gerghonge, see Ghergong.
Gergis, X. Africa ; 80 W. Tripoli.
Gerhardsbron, X. Bav. ; 28 W. Anspach. Lon.
10. E. Lat. 49. 17. N.
Gerhardsborn, or Markt Gerhardsborn, X. Wur
temberg ; 28 E. Heilbron.
Gerines, see Cerines.
Gerinswalde, X. Sax., Leipsic; 20 SSE. Leip
sic. Lon. 12. 46. E. Lat. 61. 5. N Pop. 1,500.
Geris, X. Egypf, on the left bank of the Nile ;
8 N. Ashmunein.
Gerizim, mt. Palestine, opposite Ebal, and
S. of Nablous.
Gerkow, or Jorkow, or Borek, X. Bohemia, in
Saatz; 22 NE. Saatz. Pop. 1,520.
Gerlatzskoi, fortress, Russia, on E. side of the
Irtisch, in Kolivan ; 212 W. Kolivan. Lon. 75.
24. E. Lat. 54. 20. N.
Germa, or Germah, see Jermah.
Germaisti, (an. Caicus,) r. Natolia, which
runs into the sea, opposite Metelin.
German, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. ; 15 NW.
Norwich, 115 W. Albany, W. 350. Pop. 2,675.
German, X. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 897.
German, t Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 802.
German, t. Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 2,079.
German Coast, p-V. fa district, Louisiana ; 25
New-Orleans, W. 1,285.
German Flats, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y., on S.
side of the Mohawk ; 5 S. Herkimer, W. 407.
Pop. 2,665. It is an excellent agricultural town.
The German flats in this town and Herkimer,
are an alluvial tract on both sides of the Mo
hawk, of great fertility. — Fort Herkimer, men
tioned in the history of American wars, was in
this town.
German Settlement, p-v. Preston co. Va. ; 275
Richmond, W. 170.
Germantown, X. Columbia co. N. Y., on E.
side of the Hudson ; 12 S. Hudson. Pop. 891.
Germantown, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pensylva-
nia; 7 N. Philadelphia, W. 143. Pop. 4,311.
It contains a bank, an academy, and 5 houses
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for
German Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for
Friends, and 1 for Meunonists. It is pleasantly
situated, and has considerable manufactures.—
Most ofthe houses are built on one street, which
is about 2 miles in length. Here is the princi
pal congregation of the Meunonists in America.
A battle was fought here on the 4th of October,
1777, between the Americans, under general
Washington, and the British. The Americans
lost 200 killed, 500 wounded, and 4 taken pri
soners. The British lost 70 killed, and 430
wounded and taken prisoners.
Germantown, p-t Hyde co. N. C, on a small
bay which makes up from Pamlico sound, 40
E, by S. Washington, W. 375;

Germantown, p*t fa cap. Stokes co. N. C, or*
the Town Fork of Dan river, 10 NE. Bethania,
W, 347. It contains a court house, a jail, and
40 or 60 houses.
Germantown, (New,) p-t. Hunterdon CO. NJ.J
47 N. Trenton, W. 203.
Germantown, t. Montgomery co. Ohio ; 13
SW. Dayton.
Germantown, p-t. Mason co. Ken. ; W. 604.
Germantown, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio ; 13
SW. Dayton, 100 Columbus, W. 502.
GERMANY, country, Europe, bounded N.
by the German ocean, Denmark, and foe Bal
tic, E. by Poland, Hungary, -and Croatia, S. by
the gulf of Venice, Italy, and Switzerland, and
W. by France and the Netherlands. Lon. 6. 80.
to 19/ 52. E. Lat. 45. 4. to 54. 40. N. ; 650 miles
long from N. to S., 600 broad from E. to W.
Sq. m. 225,000.
Divisions. The divisions of Germany have
been various at different times. In 1552, Maxi
milian divided it into 10 circles ; Austria, Bur
gundy, Upper Rhine, Lower Rhine, Franconia,
Bavaria, Swabia, Westphalia, Upper Saxeny,
and Lower Saxony ; the first two Catholic, tho
last two Protestant, the other six mixed. Bur
gundy, which contained the 17 provinces of the
Low Countries, or Netherlands, having loHg
since been detached from the empire, it latter
ly contained only 9 circles. In addition to these
great divisions, there were other countries
which formed portions of the German empire,
Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and some
smaller districts. The electors were 9 in num
ber, of Mentz, Treves, Cologne, Bavaria, Pala
tine, Saxony, Brunswick-Luneburg, Branden
burg, and Bohemia.
The number of princes, secular and ecclesi
astical, was upwards of 300, each independent
in the administration of his own territory, but
subject to the emperor as head of the empire,
and to certain laws, enacted at different times,
for the common advantage. There were be
sides a number of free towns, and a class of
nobles; who acknowledged no sovereign but
the emperor. The constitution of this great
body was extremely complicated : the emperor
was at first chosen by the princes at large ; in
the course of time the princes deputed their
votes to certain representatives called electors ;
and the latter eventually took on themselves
the nomination without the interference of
their constituents.
The states of Germany passed through vari
ous changes from the commencement of the
French revolution to the sitting of foe congress
of Vienna, in 1814 and 1815. The states, re
duced in number, but augmented in extent,
were formed anew by the congress into a fed
erative body, to be governed by a diet. The
German territories now comprise about one
third part of the empire of Austria, the greatest
part of Prussia, Holstein and Lauenburg be
longing to Denmark, Luxemburg belonging to
the Netherlands ; the kingdom of Hanover, of
which his Britanic majesty takes the title of
king ; the kingdoms of Bavaria, Wurtemberg,
and Saxony ; 27 smaller independent states go
verned by native German princes ; and 4 free
cities.

GER

648

GER

The following is a list ofthe number of votes in the diet, population in 1818, square miles, re
venue, military contingent, and capital towns of each state. The total population, 30,091,849,
Revenue> £18,646,000 sterling. Thepop. of the German part only of Austria fa Prussia is included.

States.
J. Austria
2. Prussia
3. Bavaria
4. Saxony
§. Hanover
6. Wurtemberg
7. Baden, grand duchy
8. Hesse-Cassel, electorate
9. Hesse-Darmstadt, grand duchy
10. Holstein and Lauenburg, duchies
11. Luxemburg, grand duchy
12, Brunswick, ducliy
13. Nassau, duchy
14. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, gr, duchy
15. Mecklenburg-Strelitz do.
J6. Saxe-Weimar, grand duchy
17. Saxe-Gotha, duchy
18. Saxe-Coburg, do.
19. Saxe-Meiningen, do.
20. Saxe-Hildburghausen, do.
21. Oldenburg, grand duchy
W. Anhalt-Dessau, dwcA^
S3. Anhalt-Bernberg, do.
24. Anhalt-Cothen, do.
S5. Schwartzburg-Sondershausen,prin.
26. Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, do.
27. Hohenzollern-Hechingen
S8. Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
29. Lichtenstein
30. Waldeck, county
31. Reuss-Greitz, principality
32. Renss-Lobenstein, do.
33. Schauenburg-Lippe, do.

Votes. 1 4

>1

>1

do.
do.

34. Lippe-Detmold,
35. Hesse-Homburg,
36. Lubeck, free city
37. Frankfort, do.
38. Bremen, do.
39. Hamburg, do.

do. do.

1

17 70
Goverment. The ordinary concerns of the
"Germanic confederation are entrusted to a fed
erative diet of 17 members, and the making or
altering of its fundamental laws to a general as
sembly of 70 members, from foe various states
or members of foe confederation, as stated in
the above table. The sessions are held at
Frankfort on the Maine. The members are
equal in rights, but Austria presides. The prince
•of Hesse Homburg has lately been admitted as
a member of the confederation.
Military Force. The military contingent in
-time of peace is 120,000 men ; 96,000 infantry,
18,000 cavalry, and 6,000 artillery. In war,
the force in the field is to be 1 in 100 on the po
pulation, making a total of little upwards of
300,000, as in the above table.
Universities. Germany is famous for its uni
versities, which are much resorted to from
other countries. The number before 1802was
36 ; since that period several have been sup
pressed, and the present number is 20. Of
those which stand in the first rank are Gottin
gen, Halle, Jena, Leipsic, and Heidelberg. —
Vienna is foe most eminent as a medical school.
The following is a list of foe universities, to-

Pop.
9,482,227 7,923,439
3,560,000 1,232,0001,305,351
1,395,462 1,001,000, 540,000619,'500
360,000
214,058209,600
302,767i
358,000 71,769
201,000 185,682 80,012
54,40027,707
217,769 52,94737,046
32,464
45,11753,937 14,500
35,360 5,546
51,87722,25652,20524,000 69,062
20,000 45,527 73,40048,500
129,739

Sq,m

5,777
4,345
3,965
3,680.
2,289 1,520
2,1834,742 627
1,416 1,155 543
424212
2,616 360339
318
487466 95
429 53
459 148
688 195
436 106116 9075
133

Revenue.
£6,370,000 4,300,000 1,800,000 850,000900,000
1,000,000 550,000 380,000
370,000
200,000 120,000180,000
176,000150,000 50,000
150,000150,000 55,000 35,00020,000
150,000 60,000
30,000
23,000
25,000 22,00080,000 30,000 3,000
40,000 13,000
29,000 18,000
50,000 17,000
30,000 60,000
40,000
120,000

Con.
94,82279,233
35,600 12,320
13,053
13,954
10,000 5,4006,190
3,6002,140
2,0963,0273,580 717
2,010 1,856 800544
277
2,177 529370324
451
539 145
353 55
518222 522240 690
200455734

CapUajl,
ViennaBerlinMunich
DresdenHanoverStuttgard
CarlsruheCassel
Darmstadt
Kiel Luxemburg
BrunswickWisbaden Schwerin
Strejitz
Weimar Gotha
Coburg Meiningen
Hildburghausen
OldenburgDessau BernbergCothenSondershausen
RudolstadtHechingen Sigmaringen
VadutzCorbach
GreitzLobenstein Buckeburg
Detmold Homburg
Lubeck
Frankfort

485 1 Bremen
1,297 I Hamburg

gether with the number of students, as stated
in 1817-18. Those designated by P. are Pro
testants, C. Catholic, and M. Mixed. Students,
C. . Austria,  957
C. . Bohemia, Austria 880
P. . Prussia  600
M. .> Pru. Silesia ... 366
P. . Pru. Saxony ... 500
M. . Pru. Cologne ... 500
P. . Pru. Pomerania . 55
C. . Bavaria  640
C. . Bav. Franconia . 365
P. . Bav. Franconia . 180
P. . Saxony  911
P. . Hanover, . . . 1,132
P. . Wurtemberg . • • 355
P. . Baden .... 363
C. . Baden  275
P. . Hesse-Cassel ... 197
P. . Hesse-Darmstadt 241
P. . Holstein, Denmark . 107
P. . Weimer  659
P. . Mecklenburg-Schwerin 100

Vienna,Prague
BerlinBreslau HalleBonn
GreifswaldeLandshutWurzburg ErlangenLeipsickGottingen
Tubingen HeidelbergFreyburgMarburgGiessen
KielJenaRostock Religion.

The Protestant religion prevails in

the north, and the Catholic in the south. Gen-

GER

649

GER

eral toleration in religion was adopted by the
congress of Vienna as a leading principle. —
Computed number of different persuasions. —
Catholics, above 15,000,000 Jews, . 183,000
Lutherans, . 12,000,000 Moravians, 25,000
Reformed, 2,200,000 Greek ch. 14,000
Libraries, fyc. In about 150 towns there are
libraries open to the public, many of which are
very large. Besides the universities, there are
numerous seminaries styled gymnasia, many
of which are celebrated schools of learning.
Literature The Germans are distinguished
for attainments in literature, science, and the
arts. They are particularly eminent in biblical
and critical learning, statistics, political econo
my, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, and
mechanics. In no other country is authorship
so extensively made a business for life.
Language. The German language is spoken
by a greater population than any other in Eu
rope, except perhaps the French. It is derived
from the Teutonic, and is divided into a num
ber of dialects. The Saxon dialect, called High
German, is the language of books and genteel
society. Cities. The following are foe most populous
cities. —
Vienna . 260,000 Dresden . . 49,074
Berlin . 188,000 Bremen 36,630
Hamburg . 106,920 Cologne . . 41,706
Prague . . 81,966 Trieste , . 36,000
Breslau . . 76,813 Gratz . . . 34,012
Munich . 60,024 Leipsic . . 32,492
Frankft,Maine 60^000 Magdeburg . 30,250
The principal trading towns are Vienna,
Hamburg, Lubeck, Bremen, Brunswick, Mag
deburg, Frankfort on the Maine, Breslau, Leip
sic, Augsburg, Nuremberg, Prague, and Trieste.
Leipsic is foe greatest mart of German litera
ture, and a centre for booksellers. The largest
fairs are at Leipsic, Frankfort, Brunswick, and
Bolzano. Rivers and Canals. Germany is intersected
by numerous rivers, which afford great advan
tages to commerce. It counts 520 rivers in
all ; 60 navigable to a great extent ; and 6,
viz. the Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Weser, and
Maine, ranking among the noblest in Europe.
The canals are comparatively few. The prin
cipal are the canal of Kiel, joining the Baltic to
foe North sea; foe canal of Travemunde, ex
tending from Lubeck to Hamburg; and some
others, chiefly in foe Prussian states.
Face ofthe country. Germany is divided in
to two great portions, the northern and south
ern, by a range of mountains called the Su-
detic chain,, which commences near the west
ern side, on foe north of the Maine, and trav
erses Hesse Cassel and the south part of Saxony
and Silesia, till it ends in the Carpathian chain.
The northern part is styled Lower Germany,
and is mostly level ; the southern part, styled
Upper Germany, is greatly diversified, consist
ing in part of extensive plains, but traversed
also by vast ranges of mountains.
Climate. The climate in the north is rather
severe, in the south mild, and generally healthy,
except in the marshy districts around the North
sea. Vienna is also considered unhealthy from
its humid position.
Soil. The soil is very various ; sandy plains
Vol. I. 82

and barren heaths abound in the northeast;
swamps and marshes in foe northwest; but
large portions of the iriterior and southwest
parts are uncommonly fertile
Productions. The productions are wheat,
barley, oats, other kinds of grain, flax, madder,
rape seed, hops, wine, cattle, horses, sheep, fac
Agriculture is backward in many parts, partic
ularly in foe south.
Minerals. These are iron, copper, tin, lead,
silver, cobalt, bismuth, quicksilver, salt, mar
ble, fuller's earth, and porcelain clay.
Mineral springe. Germany contains upwards
of 1,000 mineral springs and baths, of which
the most celebrated are Carlsbad in Bohemia,
Toplitz in Austria, Seltzer in Nassau, Pyrmont
in Westphalia, and Aix la Chapelle.
Germi, one of the Laccadive islands. Lon.
72. 50. E. Lat 11. 6. N.
Gemersheim, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine, at
the conflux of the Queich and foe Rhine ; 6 S.
Spire, 18 S. Manheim. Lon. 8. 25. E. Lat. 49.
12. N. Pop. 1,468. It is surrounded partly by
a wall, and partly by the Queich, the Rhine,
and some marshy ground. II is a place of
strength ; and £600,000 were appropriated by
the Germanic diet, in 1818, to increase its for
tifications. Germigny, X. Frauce, in Yonne ; 3 SE. St.
Florentin. Pop. 592.
Germiglly, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 3
E. Meaux.
Germisch, X. Bav. ; 21 S. Weilheim.
Germs, X. Austria; 4 W. Zwetl, 62 WNW.
Vienna. Lon. 15. E. Lat. 48. 32. N.
Germuk, X. A. Turkey ; 45 W. Diarbekir.
Gem, t. Russia, in Tula; 28 WSW. Tula.
Gem, X. Bavaria; 13 SSE. Dingelfingen.
Gernach, X. Bav. ; 6 WNW. Geroldshofen.
Gernoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan, on the
Irtisch; 204 SW. Kolivan. Lon. 78. 14. E. Lat.
51. 44. N.
Gernoiarskoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan, on
the Irtisch ; 196 WSW. Kolivan. Lon. 77. 14.
E. Lat. 52. 30 N,
Gernorietzskoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan,
on the Irtisch ; 180 WSW. Kolivan. Lon. 77.
14. E. Lat. 52. 45. N.
Gernrode, X. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg; 22
W. Bernburg, 30 W Dessau. Lon. 11. 20. E.
Lat. 51. 45. N. Pop. 1,630.
Gernsheim, or Gerensheim, X. Hesse-Darm
stadt, in Starkenburg; 18 SSE. Mentz, 27
WNW. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,243.
Gernspach, X. Baden, capital of a district, on
the Murg ; 4 E. Baden, 9 SE. Rastadt. P. 1,640.
Gernyoszeg, t. Transylvania, on the river
Maros ; 10 SW. Keresztur.
Geroda, X. Hanover ; 8 NE. Duderstadt
Gerodot, X. France, in Aube ; 9 E. Troyes.
Geroldseck, (Hohen,) castle, Swabia, which
gives name to a small county situated on the
left side of the Kinzig ; 3 SSE. Gengenbach.
Geroldsgrun, v. Bav., with a mineral spring ;
4 SW. Lichtenberg.
Geroldstein, t, Nassau ; 7 S. Nastede.
Gerolsingen, X. Switz. ; 14 NW. Berne.
Gerolsingen, X. Bav. ; 2NW. Wassertrudingen.
Gerolstein, or Geroldstein, X. Pru. Coblentz,
on the Kill ; 24 N. Treves. Lon. 6. 38. E, Lat
50. 16. N. Pop. 350.

GER

650

GET

Geroldshofen, X. Bav., Lower Maine ; 9 SE.
Schweinfurt, 20 NE. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,807.
Geron Point, cape, Ireland, in the county of
Antrim ; 32 N. Belfast. Lon. 5. 50. W. Lat.
55. 5. N.
Gerona, or Girona, (an. Gerunda,) X. Spain,
and capital of a viguery, in Catalonia ; 44 S.
Perpignan, 47 NE. Barcelona. Lon. 2. 50. E.
Lat. 41.59. N. Pop. 14,000. Bp. see. A uni
versity was founded here in 1521, which was
abolished in 1715. The means of public in
struction have since been concentrated in one
college where there are 900 students, who are
instructed by professors in various branches.
The library is extensive and valuable. In 517,
a council was held here.
Geronle, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Natolia. Lon. 30. 4. E. Lat. 36.
20. N.
Gerontissa, small isl. in the gulf of Engia ;
4 S. Engia.
Gerra, see Calif.
Gerrha, see Jerabees.
Gerri, X. Spain, Catalonia ;, 37 N. Balaguer.
Gerri, t Africa, in Nubia, situated on the
Nile ; 150 NNE. Sennaar. Lon. 33. E. Lat.
16. 15. N. It contains about 140 houses.
Gerrisheim, see Geresheim.
Gerry, see Phillipslon.
Gerry, X. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 947.
Gers, r. France, which rises near LaBartbe de
Nestes, in Upper Pyrenees, crosses foe depart
ment of the Gers, passing by Masseuer, Seissan,
Auch, Fleurance, Lectoure, fac, and runs into
the Garonne, about 3 SE. Agen.
Gers, dep. France, bounded N. by Landes
and Lot-and-Garonne, E. by Upper Garonne,
S. by Upper and Lower Pyrenees, and W. by
Landes ; about 55 miles long, and from 22 to
45 broad. It takes its name from the river
Gers, which crosses it from S. to N. Auch is
the capital. Pop. 286,497.
Gersau, X. Switz , in Underwalden, on N.
side ofthe lake of Lucerne , 6 SW. Schweitz.
Lon. 8. 20. E. Lat. 46. 55. N. It is the capital
of a district, formerly independent, and the
smallest free state in Europe. The whole ter
ritory is about 6 miles long, and 1 wide. Pop.
1,500. Gerschitz, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 9
NW. Konigingratz.
Gersdorf X. Pru. Potsdam ; 4 NE. Jutterbock.
Gersdorf X. Sax. Erzgebirg, district of Nossen.
Pop. 221.
Gerschnitz, X. Bavaria ; 6 E. Bayreuth.
Gerspach, see Gernspach.
Gersprentz, r. Germany, which runs into the
Maine, near Stockstad.
Gersprinlz, X. Hesse ; 7 NW. Erbach.
Gerstungen, X. Weimar, in Eisenach, on the
Werra; 8 W. Eisenach. Pop. 1,282.
Gerswalde, X. Prussia, in the Ucker Mark of
Brandenburg ; 9 S. Prenzlow. Pop. 499.
Gerlhausen, X. Germany ; 10 W. Meinungen.
Girtica, now Wamba.
Gertrudenberg, X. Han., in Osnabruck; 1 E.
Osnabruck. Gertrudenberg, or St. Gertruydenberg, X. Bra
bant ; 7 NE. Breda, 10 SE. Dort. Lon. 4. 52.
E. Lat. 51. 43. N. Pop. 1,342. It has a good

harbour formed by the Merwe, which is here,
extended to a very considerable lake, called?
Bies Bosch, of about two hours' passage across
to Dort. It is built in the form of a crescent,
with regular fortifications, and good bastions.
In ancient charters it is called Mons Littoris,
the Mountain of the Shore.
Gerlz, X. Bav. ; 5 WSW. Munerstat.
Gerumenha, see Xerumenha.
Gerweil, X. Baden ; 6 N. Klein Lauffenburg.
Pop. 1,800.
Gerzat, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 4 NE.
Clermont. Pop. 500.
Gerzen, t. Bavaria; 7 S. Dingclfingen, HE.
Landshut. Gesan, X. Arabian Irak ; 8 SE. Mendali.
Gesas, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 SE. Patschau.
Geschinen, v. Valais ; 25 E. Leuk. In 1799,
the Austrians were defeated here by the French.
Geseke, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg ; 9
ESE. Lipstadt, 14 N. Ruden. Pop. 2,523. 2
Catholic churches, 1 gymnasium.
Gesenke, mts. Germany, forming a natural
boundary between Austria, Silesia, and Mo
ravia. Geserhisar, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 3 N. Syene.
Geserich, lake, Prussia, near Dutch Eylau.
Geservagherd, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 30 S.
Esferan. Geskendorf, t Prussia, in Oberland ; 7 SSE.
Salfeldt. Gesmold, X. Han., in Osnabruck ; 12 SE. Vor-
den. Pop. 594.
Gesoridcum, now Boulogne.
Gessene, X. Bohemia, Boleslaw ; 9 NE.Turnau.
Gessigo Point, cape, Ireland, in the county of
Sligo ; 11 NW. Sligo. Lon. 8. 33. W. Lat. 54.
22. N.
Gesso, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 15 NE.
Civita Borella.
Gesto, t. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 23 NE.
Uddevalla. Gesle, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 12
NW. Chollet H. 210.
Gesle, or Geisle, r. Ger., which runs into
Weser, near its mouth.
Geslel, t. N. Brabant, near Eyndhoven. Pop.
1,900. Gestinen, X. Switz., in Uri ; 15 S. Altorff.
Gestricia, pr. Sweden, about 51 miles long
and 10 wide ; bounded N. by Helsingland, E.
by the gulf of Bothnia, S. by Upland, West-
manland and Dalecarlia, and W. by Dalecarlia.
The mines, forges, forests, lakes, and rivers,
furnish the principal riches and support of the
inhabitants, who do not much concern them
selves with agriculture. Gefle is foe capital.
Sq. m. 1,240. Pop. 27,000.
Gestungshausen, or Geshausen, t. Ger., in Co
burg ; 7 E. Coburg. Pop. 400.
Gesvaldo, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 12
NW. Conza. Pop. 3,138.
Gesves, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic a little N. ofthe island of Bissagos.^
Gela, X. Sweden, on N. coast ofthe island of
Aland. Lon. 9. 50. E. Lat. 60. 25. N.
Gelafe, X. Spain ; 6 SW. Madrid. Pop. 5,000.
Ge-tchao, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chang-tong; 27 ESE. Lu.

GEZ

651

GHE

Gelhsemane, v. Palestine, E. of Jerusalem,
between Mount Olivet and foe brook Kidron.
Getstorf t. Austria ; 6 SE. Meissai.
Geltendorf, X. Austria ; 5 S. Aigen.
Gettershe'im, X. Wurzburg ; 6 S. Kissingen.
Gettysburg, p-t. fa cap. Adams co. Pa. on a
branch of Rock creek ; which flows into the
Monocasy; 28 WSW. York, 113 W.Philadel
phia, W. 73. Lat. 39. 51. N. Pop. 1,102. It
contains the county buildings, and a bank, and
has some trade.
Getzendorf t. Austria ; 4 S. Zistersdorf.
Gelzendorff, X. Austria, situated on the river
Reisenpach ; 10 W. Bruck, 12 SE. Vienna.
Gevasi, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 95 SE.

Gevaudan, before the revolution a mountain
ous country of France, in Languedoc, of which
Mende was the capital.
Geudern, t. Hesse, on the Nidder; 25 SE.
Giessen. Pop. 1,614. /
Gevelsberg, or Greltelsberg, X. Pru. Arensberg,
6 SE. Blaukenstein. Pop. 797.
Geves, X. Africa, situated on a river of the
same name, S. of the river St. Domingo.
Geveze, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 4 S.
Hedee, 7 NNW. Rennes.
Gevisa, t. Turkey, on the NE. of the sea of
Marmora ; 25 E. Constantinople.
Geul, r. which runs into the Meuse, about 5
miles below Maestricht.
Geul, X. Neth., in Limburg; 5 N. Wyck.
Gevray, X. France, in COte-d'Or; 7 S. Dijon.
Pop. 1,128.
Gevollung, X. Austria ; 8 S. St. Polten.
Geuszenitz, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 3 E. Zeitz.
Geuiz, X. Anhalt Cothen, near Cothen.
Gewicze, or Gewilz, or Gewitsch, X. Moravia,
in Olmutz ; 18 N. Brunn, 24 W. Olmutz. Lon.
16. 35. E. Lat. 49. 45. N. Pop. 2,036.
Gex, X. France, in Ain, at the foot of Mount
Jura, capital of a district ; 9 NNW. Geneva, 36
NE. Nantua. Lon. 6. 8. E. Lat. 46. 20. N. Pop.
2,461. Geyer, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 6 WSW.
Wolkenstein. Pop. 1,800. It is situated in the
midst of mines. Here are manufactures of vit
riol, sulphur, alum, and arsenic.
Geyersberg, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 28
ESE. Konigingratz, 28 ENE. Chrudim.
Geyrach, X. Stiria ; 9 SSE. Cilley.
Gey'ss, or Geysa, X. Hesse Cassel, in Fulda, on
the Ulster ; 15 NE. Fulda, 20 SSW. Eisenach.
Lon. 10. E. Lat. 50. 43. N.
Geys Rucken Jaffelek, mt. Ger., which sepa
rates Upper Carniola from the county of Cilley ;
6 NE. Stein.
Geysers, boiling springs, Iceland, N. of Skal-
holt. The water rises from an aperture, 19 feet
in diameter, and springs up at intervals from 50
to 100 feet.
Geysingen, X. Baden, on the Danube; 16 N.
Schaffhausen. Pop. 992.
Geyszing, X. Gotha ; 2 E. Altenberg.
Geyszing, (New,) X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 12
SE. Pilnitz. Pop. 450.
Gezael, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates;
120 WNW. Bassora.
Gezan, or Dsjesan, s-p. Arabia Felix, on the
Red sea, which carries on a considerable trade

in senna and coffee ; 23 W. Abu-Arisch. Lon.
24. 6. E. Lat. 16. 53. N.
Gezeid, X Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 27 NNW. Cairo.
Gezira, or Jesseera, X. A. Turkey, and capital
of a pachalic, in Diarbekir, on the right bank of
the Tigris ; 75 SE. Diarbekir. Lon. 40. 42. E.
Lat. 37. 16. N. The whole province of Diar
bekir is also called Al Gezira.
Gezirat al Dahab, or Gezirat Iddabab, or tAe
Golden Island, isl. in Lower Egypt, formed by
canals cut from the left bank of the Nile, oppo
site Fayoua.
Gezirat ibn Omar, (an. Bezabde,) X. on the
Tigris. Gezirat el Teir, or Island of Birds, (an. Hiera-
cum,) isl. in the Red sea. Lon. 37. 56. E. Lat.
22. 18. N.
Gezula, or Gazula, country, Africa, the most
southern province of the empire of Morocco.
C-/ott, t. Austria ; 8 WNW. Crems.
Chalefka, X. Arabia Felix, once a celebrated
city and seaport,but now gone entirely to decay,
and only 20 cottages remaining, to show the
place where it stood ; 20 S. Hodeida.
Ghana, see Cano.
Ghana, or Ghanara, strong town, Africa, in a
kingdom of the same name, situated on N.
side of the Niger, near a lake of the same
name ; 150 ESE. Cashna. Lon. 13. 5. E. Lat
16. 20. N.
Ghana, country, Africa, on the borders of the
Niger, bounded N. by Cashna, E. by Wangara,
S. by Milli, and W. by Mekzara and Cashna.
Ghanara, city, Africa, and capital of the
country of Wangara, on a river which runs into
the Niger ; 300 SE. Cashna. Lon. 15. 40. E.
Lat. 13. 40. N.
GAasso, t Bootan, capital of a district. Lon.
89. 3. W. Lat. 28. N.
GAat, small island in the river St. Lawrence.
Lon. 93. 10. W. Lat. 35. 30. N.
Ghauts, or Gauts, mountainous ridges, Hind.,
The ridges are 2, the Eastern and Western. The
Western Ghauts, the longest ridge, extends
from Cape Comorin to the Taptee, or Surat
river; including about 13 deg. of latitude, with
a single opening of 16 miles, which admits the
Paniany. Their distance from the coast is usu
ally about 40 miles, seldom more than 70 : their
height computed from 3 to 4,000 feet. The
Eastern Ghauts, extend from the north of the
Cauvery, Lat. 11. 20. N. to the banks of the
Kistna, Lat. 16. N. — The word Ghaut signifies a
pass through the mountains, and the high land
is called Bala-Ghaut, i. e. above the passes ;
and the low land Payeen Ghaut, i. e. below the
passes. The countiy between the ridges is
generally table land, and some of it very fer
tile. These mountains are generally composed
of granite, and on the western side are exten
sive forests of teak timber.
Ghavkani, X. Persia, in Irak ; 25 E. Ispahan.
Ghebraba, X. Persia, in Irak ; 5 NW. Ispahan.
GAedi, t. Italy ; 10 S. Brescia. Pop. 3,200.
Ghedemis, see Gadamis.
Gheder, t. A Turkey, Sivas ; 15 S. Amasieh.
Ghedman, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 18 S. Herat.
Gheel, or Ghelen, t. Neth., Antwerp ; 6 E. He-
rentals, 9 S. Turnhout Pop. 7,015.

GHE

652

GHI

Gheira, t A. Turkey, in Natolia; 20 SW.
Degnizlu, 38 NNE. Mogla.
Gheive, t. Natolia ; 20 ENE. Isnik.
Ghela, (an. Ocelis,) X. Arabia, on the coast of
the Red sea ; 48 SSE. Mocha.
Ghelindjak, X. Circassia, on foe Black sea, on
a bay of the same name ; 55 SE. Anapa.
Gheleuse, X. Neth., W. Flanders ; 3 WNW.
Menin. Pop. 3,100.
Gheme, X. Italy ; 13 NNW. Novara.
Ghemish, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 24 W. Am-
asieh. GAent,p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 6 ENE. Hud
son. Pop. 2,379.
GAent, p-v. Gallatin co. Ken. ; W. 563.
GAenf , ( Gand in French, Gandavum in Latin ,)
city, Neth., capital of East Flanders ; 30 SW.
Antwerp, 35 N. Lille. Lon. 3. 44. E. Lat. 51. 3.
N. Pop. 60,765. H. 10,000. Bp. see. It is situ
ated on the conflux of the rivers Scheldt, Lys,
Moeze, and Lieve, which, with a great number
of canals, cut through it every way, divide foe
town into 26 small islands, which are joined
together by upwards of 300 small wooden
bridges. The Nervii chose it for their city, and
after them the Vandals, who gave it the name
of Wanda, from whence the name of Gond, or
Ghent, is probably derived. The city is sur
rounded by a wall, about 15 miles in circ, en
closing numerous cornfields and gardens. Ghent
is entitled to notice on the score of literature,
having a public libraiy, and academies of draw
ing, architecture, and the fine arts. But the
chief establishment of this nature is foe college,
having been long in repute, and was in 1816
erected into a university.
Besides the cathedral, it has 6 parish church
es, 49 cloisters, and 24 hospitals. The streets
are wide and straight, the houses large, but not
elegant, and the market places spacious. It
has considerable trade in corn, with lace, cloth,
linen, and silk manufactures, much assisted by
two navigable canals, one to Sas de Ghent, the
other to Burges, Ostend, fac. It was formerly
much more populous and commercial than at
present. It was for a time the capital of the
Belgic provinces. Its prosperity goes back to
the 12th and 13th centuries; and it was from
this town that foe woollen manufacture was
introduced into England. — A treaty of peace
between Great Britain and the United States,
was signed here, on the 24th December, 1814.
— Natives, John of Gaunt or Ghent, Charles V.,
and Heinsius.
GAer, t. Africa, in Sugulmessa, on the Ziz ;
90 NW. Sugulmessa.
Gherangol, t. Africa, in foe country of the
Foulahs, on S. side of the Senegal. Lon. 14. W.
Lat. 16. 40. N.
Gherede, (an. Cratia fa Flaviopolis,) t. A. Tur
key, in Natolia ; 28 E. Boli.
Ghergisten Mountains, chain of mountains of
Asia, situated on N. of Candahar ; 15 N. Can
dahar. Gherghonge, or Ghergong, X. Assam, formerly
the capital of the country, on foe river Degoo.
Lon. 93. 10. E Lat. 25. 35. N. The houses are
built of wood, and every one has a garden, or
some cultivated ground in front, consequentjy
it is of great extent. It is fortified, and bag four

gates, The rajah's palace is surrounded by
causeways, planted with bamboos, and on the
outside the ditch is full of water ; the palace
contains many lofty and spacious apartments,
particularly a saloon 150 cubits long and forty
broad, supported by 66 pillars, placed at in
tervals. Gheriah, s-p. Hind., on the W. of Pirate coast,
in Concan; 80 NNW. Goa. Lon. 73. 7. E. Lat.
16. 45. N. It was strongly fortified by the pirate
Angria. The harbour is very good.
Gherma, or Germa, X. Africa, in the desert
country of Berdoa. Lon. 18. 20. E. Lat.24.50.N.
Ghermansik, X. Natolia; 15 E. Scalanova.
Gherri, see Gerri.
Gherua, X. Arabia, Hadsjar; 45 WNW. El Catif.
Gherze, X. Tripoli ; 50 S. Mesurada.
Ghesilpour, X. Hind., Ratampour; 28 SSW.
Suisopour. Gheuk Sha, (i. e. Btue Water,) lake of Per
sian Armenia, 60 miles long and 6 broad ; 50
ENE. Erivan.
Gheurel, X. Natolia ; 28 WNW. Angura.
Geulsi,X. A. Turkey, Caramania ; 16 E. Cogni.
GAes, t. Grand Bukharia ; 24 SSE. Balk. Lon.
65. 40. E. Lat. 36. 16. N.
Ghezan, or Dsjesam, (an. Gasundi,) t. Arabia,
in Yemen, on the coastof the Red sea; 300 SSE.
Mecca. Lat 16. 45. N.
Ghiabunder, X. Bengal ; 25 SSW. Goragot.
Ghidore, pr. Bengal ; bounded N. by Bahar,
NE. fa E. by Curruckpour, S. by Birboom, and
SW. by Curruckdeah and Moy. Ghidore is the
chief place.
Ghidore, X. Bengal, and capital of a province
ofthe same name ; 70 SE. Patna, 180 NW. Cal
cutta. Lon. 86. 23. E. Lat. 24. 53. N.
Ghiez, fortress, Persia, in Irak, taken by the
Afghans in 1723.
Ghilan, or Kitan, (an. Gela,) pr. Persia, bound
ed N. by Adirbeitzan and Schirvan, NE. by foe
Caspian sea, E. by the Caspian sea and Mazan
deran, S. by the Persian Irak, and W. by Cur
distan and Adirbeitzan ; about 200 miles from
E.to W., and 150 from N. to S. It is one of the
most beautiful and fertile provinces of all Per
sia, producing silk, olives, rice, tobacco, and
most excellent fruits of all kinds, and in so great
quantity, as not only to supply its own wants,
but sufficient to supply a great part of Persia
and Armenia. Whole forests are seen of mul
berry, box, and walnut trees. Every peasant
has a garden to his cottage, filled with orange-
trees, citrons, figs, and vines. The inhabitants
are Mahometans of the sect of Omar, brave,
haughty, and industrious, and speak a peculiar
language, neither Persian nor Arabic. Pop. es
timated at 50,000 families. Reshd is the capital.
Ghildi, X. Africa, in foe Senegal ; 39 NW.
Gallam. Ghiljie, district, Afghanistan ; 180 miles long,
and 85 broad.
Ghilnedilna, island, Nubia, in the Nile, near
Dongola. Ghilon, X. Curdistan ; 50 SSW. Erbil,
Ghinala, or Guinala, X. fa kingdom; Africa,
on the river Grande. Lon. 14. 0. W. Lat. 11.
15. N.
Ghinuc, X. Natolia ; 24 NW. Sinob,
Ghio, see Kemlik.

GIA

653

GIB

GAio, t. Africa, belonging to the Foulahs, on
the Senegal ; 12 SW. Goumel.
Ghirgiov, see Giorgiev.
Ghir, r. Africa, which rises in the Atlas
mountains, and runs into a lake in the desert of
Hair. Ghirgin, see Guinguin.
Ghirnah, r. Hind., which runs into the Taptee,
36 SW. Burhanpour.
Ghisciola, X. Italy ; 15 E. Cremona.
GAisfet, t. Flanders; 5 S. Ostend, 11 SW.
Bruges. Pop. 1,824..
Ghivira, X. Italy ; 30 NW. Milan.
Ghizni, or Gazna, city, Cabulistan, capital of
a district, once' the capital of a powerful empire
of the same name ; 54 S. Cabul, 150 E. Canda
har. Lon. 68. 20. E. Lat. 33. 40. N. The city
is called tAe Second Medina, from the great num
ber of illustrious persons who have been inter
red there. It contains within foe walls only
about 1,500 houses.
Ghdban, see Gdban.
Ghoer, t. Holland, in Overissel, on the Riggee ;
10 NNE. Borkeloe.
GAor, or Araba, valley, Syria and Arabia
Petrasa, extending from the Dead sea to the ex
tremity of the eastern branch of the Red sea.
In this valley manna is found, which drops
from foe sprigs of several trees, and is collected
by the Arabs, who make cakes of it.
GAor, see Gaur.
Ghoraghaut, X. Bengal, capital of a district of
the same name, on the Curruthya. Lon. 89. 25.
E. Lat, 25. 13. N.
Ghoraib, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 15 E. Jambo.
Ghosegong, X. Garrows, on NE. frontier of
Bengal, on the Natee river. It carries on a trade
in hemp and butter.
Ghourbend, X. Cabulistan ; 42 NW. Cabul.
Lon. 67. 52. E. Lat. 34. 55. N.
GAonri,t.Balk. Lon. 66. 56. E. Lat. 35. 40. N.
GAuto el Aljaib, X. Arabia Felix ; 10 NNE.
Chamir. Ghulpaigan, X. Persia, in Irak ; 36 W. Casham,
100 NNW. Ispahan. Lon. 50. 40. E. Lat. 33.
45. N.
Ghumischkana, X. A. Turkey, in Trebisond;
60 SSW. Trebisond.
Ghunfude, or Comfodah, s-p. Arabia in the
Red sea, belonging to the sheriffe of Mecca ;
145 S. Mecca. Lat. 29. 7. N. All vessels which
carry coffee to Jidda are compelled to anchor
here, and pay a duty.
Ghuni, one of the smaller Cape Verde Islands,
little more than a rock.
Ghurka, see Aurungabad.
Ghurman, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 30 NNE.
Ferah. Ghysapour, X. Hind., in Bahar; 20 WNW.
Chuprah. Giabbar, fortress A. Turkey, in Diarbekir;
120 SSW. Diarbekir.
Giaden, X. Arabia ; 60 WSW. Mecca.
Giadhoff, X. Stiria ; 8 SSW.. Gratz.
Giadila, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 90 SW. Ka-
riatim. Giadri, X. Albania, on the Drino ; 8 N. Alessio.
Gialakova, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 60
NE. Filippopoli.
Giarau, t. Transylvania; 8 SSW. Clausen-
burg.

Giamani, X. Persia, in Chusistan; 28 SSW.
Suster. Giamobash, X. Natolia ; 20 SSE. Smyrna.
Gianab, X. Persia, Kerman ; 50 E. Sirgian. .
Giannuti, small isl. Mediterranean, near the
coast of Italy. Lon. 11. 20. E. Lat. 42. 24. N.
Giant of the Valley, mt. in Elizabethtown,
Essex co. N. Y. ; 1 SW. of foe court house. It
is estimated to be 1,200 feet above the plain,
and commands a very extensive prospect. On
the NE. side there is an almost perpendicular
diclivity of 700 feet.
Giant's Causeway, promontory, Ireland, in
the county of Antrim, on N. Coast, W. of Ben-
gore Head ; 8 NE. Coleraine, 120 N. Dublin.
It consists of many hundred thousands of col
umns, composed of a hard black rock, rising
perpendicularly from 200 to 400 feet above the
water's edge. The columns, or basaltes, are
generally pentagonal, or have 5 sides, and are
so closely attached to each other, that though
perfectly distinct from top to bottom, scarcely
any thing can be introduced between them.
This extraordinary disposition of the rocks con
tinues below the water's edge ; it also obtains
in a small degree on the opposite shore in Scot
land. The columns are not each of one solid
stone in an upright position, but composed of
several short lengths exactly joined, not with
flat surfaces, but are articulated into each other,
as a ball in a socket, the one end of the joint
having a cavity of 3 or 4 inches deep, into
which the convex end of the opposite joint is
exactly fitted. This is not visible till the stones
are disjointed. — The Giant's Causeway, is ac
counted the greatest natural curiosity in Ire
land, and one of the most remarkable of the
kind in the world.
Gionf's Head, cape on E. coast of the island
of St. Christopher, a little E. Ragged point.
Giar, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 70 E. Schiras.
Giar, (Al,) or Dsjar, X. Arabia, in Yemen ;
16 S. Jambo, 76 SW. Medina.
Giaratta, (an. Semwtus,) r. Sicily, which
flows into the sea, near Catania.
Giarecan, X. Grand Bukharia ; 45 N. Vash-
gherd. Giarga, X. Corsica; 9 E. Calvi.
Giaritchas, group of small islands, among the
Moluccas. Lon. 127. 18. E. Lat. 0. 3. N.
Giarmal, X. Hungary ; 20 ESE. Levens.
Giarra, see Jagra.
Giarud, X. Persia, Kerman ; 20 W. Rauand.
Giarura, X. Candahar ; 25 SW. Candahar.
Giasan, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 25 NE. Kin.
Giat, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome ; 27 WSW.
Riom, 27 W. Clermont. Pop. 1,929.
Giavenna, X. Piedmont, at the foot of the
Cottian Alps, near the Sangon ; 10 SE. Susa,
15 W. Turin. Pop. 7,500. The air is salubrious,
and the situation agreeable ; it is surrounded
with an ancient wall, with 4 gates.
Giauf (Al,) district, Egypt, in SE. part of
the Delta.
Giaui, t. Sardinia; 21 ESE. Algeri.
Giaukiri, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, anciently
Sigeum, chiefly inhabited by Greeks. See Yeny
Sheyr. Giaur, see Firuzabad.
Giaza, X. Italy, Verona; 14 NNE. Verona.
Gibau, t Moravia, Olmutz; 8 NE. Olmutz.

GIB

654

GIE

Gibben, X. Courland ; 32 NE. Piltyn.
Gibbonsville, v. Watervliet, N. Y., opposite
to Troy ; 6 N. Albany. Here is a large U. S.
arsenal and an iron foundery.
Gibby, cluster of small islands, in the E. In
dian sea, about 12 leagues in circumference,
well inhabited ; on the equator. Lat. 126. 25. E.
Gibi, t. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 130 ENE. Hajar.
Gibeah, city of the tribe of Benjamin ; 6 N.
Jerusalem. Gibease, X. Arabia, in Hadramaut ; 140 NNE.
Hadramaut. Gibel el Silsili, see Gebel el Silsili.
Gibel el Tor, see Tabor.
Gibelet, or Gdbyle, (an. Gabala, and Gabu-
lon,) s-p. Syria ; 12 SSW. Tripoli. It is situat
ed on the coast of the Mediterranean, at the
mouth of the river Jebilee.
Gibelin, X. Palestine ; 8 E. Gaza.
Gibello, X. Parma, on the Po ; 16 NW. Par
ma. Lon. 10. 7. E. Lat. 45. 1. N.
Gibichenslein, v. Pru. Magdeburg, on the
Saale; 1 N. Halle. Pop. 621.
Giblien, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 14 N. Asna.
Giboldehausen, X. Hanover, in Gottingen ; 6
N. Duderstadt. Pop. 1,707.
Gibon, X. Cuba ; 22 NNE. Bayamo.
Gibraleon, X. Spain, in Seville, on the Odiel,
with a harbour for small fishing vessels. It con
tains about 150 houses, divided into two par
ishes; 44 W. Seville. Lon. 7. 1. W. Lat. 37.20.
N. Pop. 2,800.
Gibraltar, promontory and town in the south
of Spain, on the straits to which it gives name,
near foe part where the entrance into the Medi
terranean between Europe and Africa is narrow
est; 16 N. Ceuta in Africa, 70 S. Seville. Lon.
5. 19. W. Lat. 36. 7. N. Pop. of the town
12,000, exclusive ofthe garrison. The promon
tory consists of a great rocky mountain run
ning from north to south, about 3 miles in
length, and from \ to J m. in width ; and from
1,200 to 1,449 feet in height. On the north side
is a low isthmus, no where more than 10 feet
high,about£ m. long, and | m. wide, connecting
this vast mass of rock witn the continent. The
northern front ofthe rock is almost perpendic
ular ; the east side formed of frightful preci
pices ; the south narrow and abrupt; the west
front is almost as abrupt, but it may be ap
proached by shipping from the bay, and it is
here that the efforts of assailants have been
directed, and here are the great batteries and
works of defence. It was first fortified in the
modern style, in the reign of Charles V. It was
taken by the English in 1704, and it has since
been repeatedly attacked, but always without
success ; and is deemed impregnable. Its im
portance arises chiefly from its spacious bay,
which is 9 miles long, and 5 broad. It is well
protected from winds, and forms a convenient
station for fleets and ships of war.
The town stands at the foot of the promon
tory on foe northwest side. It contains a naval
hospital, -victualing office, barracks, an English
church, a Catholic chapel, 3 synagogues, a
theatre, a garrison, libraiy, fac. The houses
have flat roofs, and large bow windows. The
inhabitants are composed of British, Spaniards,

Italians, Jews, Moors, fac. — The rock compos
ing this vast promontory, consists chiefly of
primary marble, which runs in large strata of
20, 30, 40, and 50 feet in thickness, and con
tains a number of caves. Of these the most
remarkable is St. Michael's cave, on the south
side of the rock about 1,000 feet above the
level of the sea. The mouth is only 5 feet
wide, but within the cavern is very spacious,
leading to a number of smaller caves.-Gibraltar
was called Calpe by the ancients, and in their
mythological language one ofthe Pillars of Her
cules, opposite to Abyla the other Pillar.
Gibraltar, (Straits of) form an entrance from
the Atlantic into the Mediterranean. The nar
rowest part is a little to the west of Gibraltar,
and 16 miles across. A remarkable peculiarity
of these straits, is that a strong current always
runs from the ocean into the Mediterranean.
The ancients called them Gaditanum and Her
culaneum Fretum, or Straits of Hercules.
Gibraltar, t. Venezuela, in Maracaybo, situ
ated on E. coast of the lake of Maracaybo ;
100 SSE. Maracaybo. Lon. 71. W. Lat. 9. 25. N.
In the environs is gathered the best cocoa of
the province; and an excellent kind of tobacco
grows, of high esteem in Old Spain. The air is
exceedingly unwholesome in the rainy season,
on which account foe merchants and planters
generally retire, at that time, to Maracaybo.
It is defended by some fortifications.
Gibson, p-t. Susquehanna co. Pa. ; 170 NNE.
Harrisburg, W. 286. Pop. 914.
Gibson, X. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 255.
Gibson, co. Indiana. Pop. 3,876. Chief town,
Princeton. Gibson Port, see Port Gibson.
Gibson's River, r. N. A., which runs into foe
Missouri, 2,177 miles from the Mississippi.
Gibrin, X. Syria ; 10 SE. Aleppo.
Giczin, see Titschein.
Gidda, see Jidda.
Giddatoor, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 16 SW. Cos-
simcotta. Giddri, t Albania ; 8 N. Alessio.
Gidea, r. Sweden, which rises in foe Lapp-
mark of Asele, and crossing Angermanland,
runs into the gulf of Bothnia, Lon. 18. 64. E.
Lat. 16. 20. N.
Gideli, X. Candahar ; 50 SE. Gabul.
Gidid, X. Dar Fur ; 22 SE. Cobbe.
Gidid, t. Nubia ; 35 S. Gerri.
Gidi-shehri, X. Natolia; 8 S. Beishehri.
Gidola, X. Russia, in Viborg; 20 N. Viborga
Gidy, X. France, in Loiret ; 6 N. Orleans.
Giebichstein, see Gibichstein.
Giech, X. Bavaria ; 7 N. Bamberg.
Giedkuliszki, X. Samogitia ; 24 S. Rosienne.
Giedroyce, X. Rus. Wilna ; 24 NNW. Wilna.
Giedungen, X. Norway, in Christiansand ; 18
NW. Stavanger.
Gieguzin, X. Lithuania ; 15 S. Wilkomiers.
Giellum, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus; 53 N.
Christiania. Gien, t. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Loiret, situated on the Loire ; 21 S.
Montargis, 33 SE. Orleans. Lon. 2. 42. E. Lat.
47. 41. N. Pop. 5,117.
Giengen, X. Wurtemberg, on the river Brentz;
20 W. Donauwert, 28 NW. Augsburg. Lon. 10.

GIG

655

GIL

13. E. Lat. 48. 45. N. Pop. 2,000. It was an
imperial town, till in 1802.
Giene, see Kene.
Giensor, X. Africa ; 10 S. Tripoli.
Gier, r. France, which runs into the Rhone,
12 miles below Lyons.
Gierace, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; bp. see ;
34 N. Reggio, 62 SSW. St. Severina. Lon. 16.
30. E. Lat. 38. 6. N. Pop. 6,000. It contains
13 churches and 4 monasteries. Near it are
some sulphureous baths.
Gierace, X. Sicily, in the valley of Demona ;
10 SW. Mistretta. Lon. 14. 22. E. Lat 37. 48. N.
Gieranony, t. Rus. Wilna ; 20 NE. Lida.
Gierga, X. Bengal ; 4S SE. Doesa.
Giersdorf X. Silesia, Reichenbach. P. 1,356.
Giescenhagen. X. Hofttein ; 2 NW. Segeborg.
Giesen, see Titschein.
Giesim, X. Nubia, between Sennaar and Abys
sinia ; 100 ESE. Sennaar. Lon. 35. 15. E. Lat.
13. 16. N.
Giesmansdorf X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 WNW.
Neisse. Giessen, X. Hesse Darmstadt, capital of Up
per Hesse, on the Lahn ; 6 E. Wetzlar, 36
NE. Mentz. Lon. 8. 43. E. Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop.
5,174. It is walled and defended by a good
citadel and arsenal, and has some manufactures
of woollen and cotton. It contains 3 churches,
a hospital, a provincial school or college, and a
Protestant university founded in 1605, which
has 23 professors, and in 1817, had 241 students.
Giessenbadi, r. Ger., which joins the Elsach,
near Worms.
Giesshubel, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 20
ENE. Konigingratz. H. 204.
Giezin, t. Samogitia ; 22 ESE. Rosienne.
Giffaumont, X. France, Marne ; 12 SE. Vitry
le Francois.Gifford, v. Scot., in East Lothian, on Gifford
Water ; 4 S. Haddington. Pop. 400.
Gifhorn, X. Hanover, in Luneburg Zelle, sit
uated on the Aller ; 19 E. Zelle. Pop. 1,554.
Gifoni, X. Naples, Principato Citra ; 7 ENE.
Salerno. Pop. 739.
Gigantes, cluster of small islands among the
Philippines, NW. of Sibu. Lon. 123. 20. E.
Lat 11.42. N.
Gigatchee, see Segigatchee.
Gigay, one of the smaller Hebrides. Lon. 7.
19. W. Lat. 57. 1. N.
Giggleswick, X. Yorkshire, in West Riding, on
foe Ribble, opposite Settle. Pop. 927.
Gigeau, X. France, in Herault ; 7 S. Mont
pellier. Gigeri, or Gijel, see Jigel.
Giglio, or Isole del Giglio, (an. AZgilum, orlgi-
lum,) small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Italy, belonging to Tuscany. Lon. 10.
58. E. Lat. 42. 28. N. Pop. 1,200.
Gignac, t. France, in Herault, in the Herault ;
10 SE. Lodeve, 13 W. Montpellier. Lon. 3. 38.
E. Lat. 43. 39. N. Pop. 2,785.
Gigny, X. France, in Jura, on the Surain ; 7
SW. Orgelet, 13 S. Lons le Saunier. Pop. 888.
Gigo, or Gigha, or Gio, one of the smaller
Western islands of Scotland, about 5 m. long,
and one broad, separated by a narrow channel
from the coast of Kintyre. Lon. 5. 43. W. Lat.
55. 44. N. Pop. 850.
Giglawa, see Iglau.

Gigondas, t. France, Vaucluse; 8 E. Orange.
Gihon, see Jihon.
Gijon, s-p. Spain, in Asturia, with an ancient
castle ; 18 N. Oviedo. Lon. 5. 45. W. Lat. 43.
35. N. Pop. 3,200. It was formerly the capital
of Asturia, and the residence of king Pelagius
and his immediate successors.
Gikri, X. Hind., in the circar of Nagore ; 15
SE. Catchwara.
Gil, (Island of) island in N. Pacific ocean,
about 14 miles long, and 6 broad, between
Princess Royal island and Pitt's Archipelago.
Gila, r. Mexico, which runs WSW. and joins-
the Colorado, near its entrance into the gulf of
California, Lat. 33. N. Length about 600 miles,
Gilacan, small isl. in the N. Pacific ocean, N.
ofthe Catauduanes. Lon. 124. 27. E. Lat. 14-
26. N.
Gilarza, X. Sardinia ; 15 SE. Bosa.
Gilallelke, X. Transylvania; 14 N. Clausen-
burg. Gilbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Nahe,
1 NE. Creutznach.
Gilberga, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 24 W.
Carlstadt. Gilbert's Island, isl. near SW. coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 71. 7. W. Lat. 55. 13. S.
Gilbing, t. Prussia; 12 W. Allenstein.
Gilboa, mt. Palestine, near Bethsan, about 35
N. Jerusalem.
Gildehausz, X. Han., Bentheim ; 3 SW. Ben
theim. Pop. 850.
Gildenbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Rhine,
near Bacarach.
Gildersome, X. Eng., in the West Riding of
Yorkshire. Pop. 1,232.
Gilead, X. Oxford co. Maine ; 30 WNW. Paris.
Pop. 328.
Gilead, chain of mountains, or hills, Palestine,
which extend N. fa S. — E. of the Jordan, cele
brated for excellent balsam.
Giles, co. W. part of Va. ; bounded NE. by
Greenbrier and Monroe cos., SE. by Montgom
ery co., SW. by Tazewell co., and NW. by
Kenhawa co., W. 322. Pop. in 1810, 3,745 ;
slaves, 242. Pop. in 1820, 4,521.
Giles, co. on N. side of West Tennessee. Pop.
in 1810, 4,546; slaves, 733. Pop. in 1820,
12,558. Chief town, Pulaski.
Gilford, X. Strafford co. N. H., on SW. side of
lake Winnipiseogee ; 28 NNE. Concord, 55 NW.
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,816. This town was formed
from the N. part of Gilmanton. It is connected
with Merideth by a bridge, at which there is a
considerable village.
Gilgal, place, Palestine ; 3 SE. Jericho.
Gilge, X. Prussia, in Samland ; 28 NW. Ko
nigsberg. Gilge, r. Prussia, which branches off from the
Memel, about 7 miles below Tilsit, and runs
into the Curisch Haff, Lon. 21. 24. E. Lat 55.
10. N.
Gilgeneau, X. Prussia, in Oberland ; 15 NNW.
Soldau, 45 S. Holland.
Gilgenburg, X. Prussia, Oberland ; 60 E. Culm,
90 S. Konigsberg. Lon. 19. 57. E. Lat. 53. 17
N. Pop. 1,045.
Gilion, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 36 m.
in circ. Lon. 114. 37. E. Lat. 7. 6. S.
Gilitzstain, X. Carinthia ; 10 ENE, St. Veit.

GIM

CS6

Gid

Gill, t. Franklin co. Mass., on W. side of the
Connecticut ; 3 ENE. Greenfield. Pop. 800.
Gilkm's Bay, bay on S. coast ofthe island of
St. Christopher ; 2 W. Basseterre.
Gillesay, or Gillsay, one of the smaller He
brides, between Lewis and North Uist. Lon. 6.
59. W. Lat. 57. 45. N.
Gillesay Point, cape, on SW. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 119. 48. E. Lat. 5. 15. S.
Gilleskaal, t. Norway, in Drontheim ; 240 N.
Drontheim. Gillesland, district, E. part of Cumberland, so
called from the gills or vales in it, or from the
river Gelt, with which it is watered.
Gillifree, see Jillifree.
Gilling, v. Eng., in Yorkshire, and is said once
to have been the chief place of a royalty before
Richmond ; 2 N. Richmond.
Gillingham, X. Kent, on the side of the Med-
way, with a castle well furnished with guns, to
defend the coast; two miles below Chatham.
Pop. 5,135. Here is a manufacture of copperas.
Gillingham, v. Eng., in Dorset, on the Stour ;
4 W. Shaftesbury. Pop. 1,873. Here was a
palace of Saxon and Norman kings, which was
inhabited by Henry I., and repaired by king
John. Near the town the Danes were defeated
by Edmund Ironside.
Gillori, isl. near the coast of Alabama, at the
mouth of the Mobile, near Dauphin's island.
Gillsland, watering place, Eng., in Cumber
land ; 17 NE. Carlisle. It is much resorted to
in summer, on account of its sulphureous min
eral waters.
Gilmanton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 19 NNE.
Concord, 50 NW. Portsmouth, W. 523. Pop.
3,527. This township is of large extent, and
contains a court house, a cotton manufactory, a
nail manufactory, an oil mill, and an academy.
Gilmanton, (Lower,) p-v. in the township of
Gilmanton ; W. 523.
Gille sur Loire, X. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire;
4 S. Bourbon Lancy.
Gilmarquey, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 13 NE.
Nander. Gilolo, one of the Molucca islands, in the E.
Indian ocean, about 70 leagues long, and 200 in
circ, but little known. It is said the air is very
hot and unwholesome : that the countiy is very
fertile in rice and sago. The inhabitants are
represented to be well made, but savage and
cruel, living without laws or fixed habitations.
It neither bears cloves nor nutmegs. The equi
noctial line runs through the southern part of it.
Lon. 128. E.
Gilowly, see Fule.
Gilibanta, small isl in foe E. Indian sea, near
the coast of Cumbava. Lon. 119. 36. E. Lat. 8.
22. S.
Gilly, X. Neth., in Hainault ; 3 E, by N. Char-
leroy. Pop. 3,060.
Gilmerton, v. Scot, in Mid Lothian ; 4 S. Ed
inburgh. Pop. 750.
Gilsum, X. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 6 N. Keene.
Pop. 601.
Gimar, X. Cuba; 6 E. Havannah.
Gimesch, X. Hungary ; 10 W. Bukans.
Gimigliano, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 10 E.
Nicastro. Gimmer, X. Dar Fur; 40 NNW. Cobbe.

Gimont, r. France, which runs into the Ga->
ronne, near Riviere Verdun.
Gimont, X. France, in Gers ; 12 E. Auch, 21
SSE. Lectoure. Lon. 0. 68. E. Lat. 43. 37. N.
Pop. 2,108.
Gin, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-tche-
li ; 10 SE. Chun-te.
Ginairi, t. Africa, in Kumbo.
Ginasenis, X. France, Var ; 9 NW. Barjols.
Gindeli, X. Candahar, on the Behat; 48 SSE.
Cabul. Gindere, X. Ceylon ; 5 N. Point de Galle.
Gindlingen, X. Baden ; 1 E.Old Brisach. Pop,
1,200. Ginerea, X Corsica, situated in a small bay to
which it gives name ; 13 S. Calvi.
Ginesganslet, p-v. Chenango co. N.Y.; W. 321.
Ginestas, X. France, Aude ; 7 NW. Narbonne,
9 E. Azille.
Gingee, X. fa fortress, Hind., in the Carnatic,
once the capital of a kingdom ofthe same name,
situated on a mountain, defended by 3 castles ;
34 NW. Pondicherry, 70 SW. Madras. Lon. 79,
36. E. Lat. 12. 16. N.
Ginger, small isl. in the West Indies; 10 SSW.
Virgin Gorda.
Ginger, X. Egypt, on E. branch of the Nile,
opposite Mansorah.
Gingerah, fortified isl., on W. coast of Hind.,
at the mouth of a river. Lon. 73. 6. E. Lat. 18.
15. N.
Ginger Key, see GutcA Key.
Gingham, X. on N. eoast of Sumatra. Lon. 96.
10. E. Lat. 5. 10. N.
Gingiro, or Zendoro, km. Africa, situated on
the SW. of Abyssinia. Lon. 31. to 34. E. Lat.5.N.
Gingsf , t. isl. of Rugen ; 2 NE. Bergen. P. 600.
Ginheim, X. Ger., in Hanau ; 3 WNW. Frank
fort on the Maine, 11 W. Hanau.
Gin-hoa, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 22 N. Chao-tcheou.
Gin-Hoai, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 32 S. Tche-li-leou.
Ginipaliagarum, X. Hind. ; 25 E. Calicut
Gin-kia-cantze, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 123.
29. E. Lat. 41. 45. N.
Gin-kieou, t. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li; 17 N. Ho-gien.
Gin-lia, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 12 NE.
Teramo. Ginniken, X. N. Brabant; 6 SE. Breda. Pop.
2,142. Ginnis, (an. Gymnias,) X. Turkish Armenia;
21 WNW. Erzerum.
Ginnish, X. Guzerat ; 36 S. Amedabad.
Ginondayan, X. on E. coast of foe island of
Leyta. Lon. 125. 10. E. Lat. 10. 27, N.
Gin-pin, X. China, of the third rant, in Chan-
tong; 17 NE. Tong-chang.
Ginizellstorff, t. Austria ; 5 NNW. Ebenfurth.
Ginlzersdorff, X. Austria ; 6 NNE. Zistersdorff.
Gio, cape, Scot., on N. coast of Shapinsha.
Giobar, X A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 10 NW.
Tecrit. Giofa, (Al,) X. Arabia ; 8 SSE. Rabogh.
Giogi, t. Transylvania, near foe Maros ', 14
SW. Millenbach.
Gioia, t. Naples, in Bari ; 14 SSW. Conver-
sano. Pop. 1,800.
Gioia, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra; 7 SE.
Celano.

GIR

657

GIS

Gioia, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 7 S. Ni-
ootera. Giondeli, t. Abascia, on the Black sea ; 33 W.
Anakopia. Giorash, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 60 NW. Saade,
150 N. Loheiah.
Giorgiev, t. Walachia, on N. side ofthe Dan
ube ; 40 SW. Bucharest, 235 NNW. Constanti
nople. Lon. 25. 18. E. Lat. 43. 38. N. Pop.
18,000. On the 2d of June, 1771, a battle was
fought near this town between foe Russians and
the Turks, in which the latter were defeated
with foe loss of 5,000 killed ; foe Russians took
180 pieces of cannOn, and all the artillery and
baggage for 30,000 men. In 181,0, it was taken
again by the Russians.
Giornico, or Irnis, X. Switz., in Uri ; 13 N. Bel
linzona. In the year 1478, 15,000 Milanois were
defeated near this town by .600 Swiss.
Giostah, X. Africa, in Mozambique, at the bot
tom of a bay, not far from Sofala.
Giovain, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 10 N. Schiras.
Giovain, t. Persia, Kerman; 57 SE. Sirgian.
Giovain, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 55 WNW.
Zareng. Giovar, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 55 SSW. Schiras.
Giovana, X. Lucca ; 7 N. Lucca. Lon. 10. 40.
E. Lat. 44. N.
Giovellino, t. Corsica ; 26 E. Corte.
Giovenazzo, X. Naples, in Bari, near the sea ;
8 W. Bari. Lon. 16. 42 E. Lat. 41. 17. N. Pop.
4,994. Bp. see. It contains 4 churches, 4 con
vents, and is defended by a castle.
Gioni, t. Tuscany, on foe Chiano; 5"N. A-
rezzo. Gipping, t. Eng., in Suffolk, which joins the
Orwell, and falls with it into the Stour.
Giro, t. Persia, in Mazanderan ; IS S. Sari.
Giraglia, small isL near N, coast of Corsica ;
23 N. Bastia. Lon. 9. 24. E. Lat. 43. 1. N.
Giron, (an. Arina,) X. Algiers ; 45 SE. Oran.
Girana, t Abyssinia ; 60 NW. Gondar. Lon
36. 37. E. Lat. 13. N.
Girancourl, X. France, in Vosges ; 5 W. Epinal ;
10 SE. Mirecourt
Girapieira, (an. Hiera-pytna,) X. Candia ; 16
SW. Settia.
Girar, fortress, Hind., in Malwa; 32 ENE.
Kimlassa, 40 SE. Chanderee. Lon. 79. 18. E.
Lat. 24. 23. N.
Gvrbi, X. Egypt, on foe right bank of the Nile ;
26 N. Syene.
Girbeh, i. Switz., which runs into the Aar, 2
S. Berne.
Girch, r. North-Wales, which runs into the
sea, near Pwllhely, in Caernarvonshire.
Girchsbeck, X. Holstein ; 6 WSW. Oldeslohe,
11 SSW. Segeborg.
Girczeni, X. Moldavia ; 30 NNE. Galatz.
Girdleness, cape, on E. coast of Scotland. Lon,
2. 2. W. Lat 57. 4. N.
Girest, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 100 ENE. Gom-
ron, 130 SSE. Sirjian.
Giret, X. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 30 S. Feh
rabad. Girgi, X. Egypt, situated about 400 yards from
the left bank ofthe Nile; 160 N. Syene, 215 S.
Cairo. Lon. 31. 65. E. Lat. 26. 20. N. Pop.
according to Hassel, 10,000. It is about 3 m. in
circ, and contains several mosques, bazars, and
Vol.1. * 83

squares, but no marble buildings, or remains cS
ancient edifices. This is the capital of Upper
Egypt, and residence of a sangiac or governor,
who is one of the beys. Here is a convent of
Franciscans, who pass for physicians.
Girgenti, or Agrigenti, X. Sicily, near S. coast
of the Valley of Mazara, founded near the ruins
of the ancient Agrigentum ; Bp. see, on the river
St. Blaise, about 3 miles from the sea ; 47 S.
Palermo. Lon. 13. 33. E. Lat. 37. 22. N. Pop.
11,376. Agrigentum was celebrated for the
luxury and hospitality of its inhabitants, who
are said to have amounted to 200,000. The
place now exhibits more venerable remains of
antiquity than any other in Sicily.
Girgilza, X. Walachia; 40 NNE. Bucharest.
Lon. 26. 19. E. Lat. 45. 1. N.
Giria, t. Cephalonia; 16 W. Cephalonia.
Girmaw, t. Prussia, in Samland; 25NW.Ko.
nigsberg. Giroissens, X. France, in Tarn ; 4 N. Lavaur,
10 SSW. Gaillac.
Giromagny; t. France,in Upper Rhine; 6 NW.
Befort, 28 SW. Colmar. Pop. 1,652.
Giron, t. on the Ivory coast.
Giron, t. S. A. in Quito ; 25 S. Cuenca.
Gironde, dep., France, bounded NE. by Low
er-Charente, E. by Dordogne fa Lot-and-Garon
ne, S. by Landes, and W. by the sea. It takes
its name from the river Gironde. It is divided
into six arrondissements, Bourdeaux, the capital,
Blaye, La Reole, Lesparre, Libourne, nnd Ba
zas. The chief product is wine. Fop. 514,562;
Calvinists about 60,000. Sq. m. 4,098.
Gironde, t. France, Gironde ; 9 N. Bazas.
Gironde, r. France, formed by the union of
the Garonne, and Dordogne ; i£ 7,. Bourdeaux
and runs into the ; Atl°„ric,' after a course of
abaat 27 isitesTiNW.
Gironella, X. Catalonia ; 7 ENE. Solsona.
Girost, X. Persia, Kerman ; 125 S. Sirjian.
Giru, t. Persia, Mazanderan ; 5 E. Fehrabad.
Ginan, s-p. Scot, in Ayrshire, at the mouth
of the Girvan, with a commodious harbour ca
pable of great improvement ; 21 SSW. Ayr, 36
N. Port Patrick. Lon. 4. 44. W. Lat. 55. 18. N.
Pop. 3,097. It is burgh of barony, governed by
bailies and counsellors annually elected. The
chief employment is weaving cotton and wol-
len cloths. The neighbourhood abounds in
limestone and coal.
Ginan, r. Scot., which rises in NE. part of
foe county of Ayr, and runs into the sea, a lit
tle below Girvan town.
Gisbourne, X. Eng., in West Riding of York
shire ; 37 SE. Manchester, 220 NNW. London.
Lon. 2. 25. W. Lat. 53. 56. N. Pop. 500.
Gisborough, see Guisborough.
Giselo, isl. on E. side of foe gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 21.22. E. Lat. 61. 40. N.
Gisgi, X. Transylvania, near the Maros ; 14
SW. Millenbach.
Gishi, X. Georgia, Kaket; 115 SE. Teflis.
Gishubel, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 20
Konigingratz. ,
Gising, X. Hungary ; 14 SW. Stein-am Anger.
Gisio, X. Sweden, in Angermanland, on the
Gidea ; 16 W. Nordmalling.
Gislovy, t. Sweden, in Smaland; 20 SW.
Jonkioping.

GIZ

658

GLA

Gislcbnitz, t. Bohemia, in Bechin; 5 NW.
Tabor. H. 140.
Gisors, X. France, and seat of a tribunal, in
Eure; 27 NE. Evreux, 27 E. Rouen. Lon. 1.
50. E. Lat. 49. 17. N. Pop. 3,500.
Gissing, or ./Yemeni Ujvar, t. Hungary, in
Gomer. Gissingheim,-X. Ger. ; 15 S. Wertheim.
Gistain, t. Spain, in Aragon, situated on a
brook in the Pyrenees, on the confines of
France ; 15 N. Ainsa. In the rieighbourhood
are some mines of cobalt
Gistitz, t. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 4 N. Nim-
burg. Gisto, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 14. 51.
E. Lat. 44. 36. N.
Gisund, t. Norway, in Drontheim ; 44 NW.
Drontheim. Giti, X. Thibet; 234 NNE. Delhi. Lon:' 79.
36. E. Lat. 32. 10. N.
Gitpour, t. Mocaumpour; 47 SW. Mocaum
pour. Gitschin, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 22
NW. Konigingratz, 44 NE. Prague. Lon. 15. 20.
E. Lat. 60. 23. N. Pop. 2,395.
Gittelde, X. Ger., in Brunswick ; 13 SW. Gos-
far. Pop. 928.,
Giva, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 32 SE. Milets.
Givanirotondo, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 9
W. Monte St. Angelo.
Giubasco, X. Switz., in Tesin ; 2 S. Bellin
zona. Pop. 1,130.
Giudel, small isl. near S. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 9. 3. E. Lat. 39. 1. N.
Giuducca, (La,) or Zuecca, one of the islands
adjoining to the city of Venice, said to owe its
name to the Jews who formerly resided there.
It contains 10 churches, 4 monasteries, and as
many nunneries.
Givet, X. France, in Ardennes ; 15 NE. Ro-
croy, 24 N. Mezieres. Lon. 4. 51. E. Lat. 60.
7. N. Pop. 3,533. It is strongly fortified.
Giuf (La,) district, Arabia, in the province
of Nedsjed, E. Mount Ramleah.
Giula, X. Hungary, situated, on the river
Keres ; 52 NNW. Temeswar, 88 N. Belgrade.
Lon. 20. 55. E. Lat. 46. 35. N.
Giulab, X. A. Turkey, in Diarhekir ; 18 NNE.
Ourfa. Giulenei, small island in the Caspian sea;
130 S. Astrachan. Lon. 47. 49. E. Lat. 44. 15. N.
Giulia Nuova, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on
<the coast of the Adriatic ; 12 ENE. Teramo.
Gium el Hascise, see Curia Muria.
Givonne, t. France, Ardennes ; 3 NE. Sedan.
Givors, X. France, in Rhone ; 12 S. Lyons.
Fop 1,690.
Givry, X. France, in Saone-and-Loire ; 4 W.
Chalons-sur-Saone, 7 S. Chagny. Lon. 4. 50.
E. Lat. 46. 47. N. Pop. 2,582.
Giusmark, t. Curdistan ; 80 SSE. Betlis.
Giustendil, (an. Justiniana,) X. Eu. Turkey, in
-Bulgaria ; the see of a Greek archbishop ; 80
WNW. Sophia. Pop. 8,000.
Giustendil, (an. Justiniana, and Tauresium,)
i. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria; 24 S. Sophia.
Giuwego, see Giprgiev.
Gizeh, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile ;
3 SW. Cairo. Pop. 8, or 10,000. The walls are
of great extent, with only one gate to the coun

try; they are 10 feet high and 3 thick; the"
palace is in the south quarter, near the Nile.
Here is a cannon foundery. The' houses are
built of brick and clay ; and the town has no
other ornament than 4 or 5 mosques, with min
arets and some palm-trees. A great number
of earthern pots are made here, and tiles,
coarse and without varnish, of which the Egyp.
tians do not well know the use. Gizeh is chiefly
distinguished for the pyramids situated in its-
neighbourhood, 2 of which, those of Cheops
and Ceprenes, are the most remarkable in
Egypt " If we credit some authors," says Nor
den, " foe city of Memphis was situated in the
place where this town now stands ; and I own
that this opinion does not want probability."
Giziginskaia, gulf at the NW. extremity of
the Peninskoi sea, extending about 50 miles in
length, and 16 in breadth. Lon. 160. 14. E.
Lat. 67. to. 68. N.
Gladbeck, or Gladbach, t. Pru. Dusseldorf ; 16
N. Juliers. Lon. 6. 15. E. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop.
2,880. Gladenbach, X. Hesse, rn Upper Hesse ; 8 W.
Marburg, 12 N. Giessen. Pop. 799.
Gladka, fort, Russia, in the government of
Caucasus, On the Malva ; 37 W. Kizliar.
Glaize, see Au-Glaize.
Glamford Briggs, or cbrruptly Glandford
Bridge, X. Eng., in Lincoln, on a river, or canal
called Ancholme, navigable to the Humber,
with considerable trade in corn, coals, and
timber," and a large manufacture of skins; 23
N. Lincoln, 156 N. London. Lon. 1. 30. W.
Lat. 53. 32. N. Pop. 1,361.
Glamis, or Glammis, X. fa parish, Scot, in
Angus; 6 SW. Forfar. Pop. 1,932.
Glamorganshire, co. S. Wales, bounded N. by
Brecknockshire, E. by Monmouthshire, S. by
the Bristol Channel, and W. by Caermarthen-
shire ; about 48 miles from E. to W. and 27
from N. to S. Glamorganshire contains one
Episcopal town, Llandaff; and several others,
as Cardiff, Caerphilly, Neath, Bridgend, Swan-
sey, Llantrisant, Merthy-Tydvil, and Cow-
bridge. Sq. m. 822. Pop. 85,067. H. 17,017.
Families 18,695; 8,217 employed in agricul
ture, 7,915 in trade and manufactures, 2,563
otherwise. Gtan, r. Germany, which runs into the Nahe;
3 E. Sobernheim.
Gtan, r. Carinthia, which rises near Kostn-
berg, and joins the Gurck, 4 E. Clagenfurt.
Glanden, X. Prussia, in Natangen ; 30 S. Bran
denburg. Glandeves, X. France, in Lower Alps, former
ly flourishing, and the see of a bishop. See
Entrevaux. Glandore, harbour, Ireland, in Cork; 3 W.
Ross bay.
Glane, r. France, which runs into the Dor
dogne, near Argental, in Correze.
Glandford Bridge, see Glamford Briggs.
Glanmen, or Glomme, see Glomme.
Glanovenla, now Lanchesler.
Glanshammar, X. Sweden, in Nericia; 7 NE.
Orebro. Glaris, X. Switz., Grisons ; 3 SW. Davos.
Glarus, or Glaris, canton, Switz., bounded
N. and E. by St. Gall, S. by Grisons, and W. by

GLA

659

GLA

Uri and Schweitz. Pop. 24,100 ; six sevenths
Protestants. Sq. m. 403. It is surrounded on
all sides, except the NE. by lofty mountains,
which are covered with perpetual snow. The
aspect isTry no means attractive ; the soil stony,
and little adapted to agriculture. The chief
wealth arises from the pastures, which feed
sheep, goats, and larger cattle ; and large quan
tities of cheese are exported. The corn raised
is not sufficient for the inhabitants. The chief
river is foe Linth ; lakes Wallendstadt and
Clonthal. It is divided into 15 small districts.
The government is strictly democratic ; all
males above 16 years of age have a voice in
the general assembly.
Glarus, or Glaris, t. Switz., cap. of the canton
of Glarus, on a rising ground, near the Linth ; 32
E. Lucerne. Lon. 9. 13. E. Lat. 47. 3. N. Fop.
2,500. It is well built, bas a public libraiy,
with extensive bleachfields and manufactures
of cotton.
Glamish, mt. Switz. ; 7 WSW. Glaris.
Glasendorf t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 6
NNW. Trautenau.
Glasendorf, X. Silesia, in Neisse; 11 SW.
Patschkau. Pop. 800.
Gtos Island, one of the smaller Hebrides,
near E. coast of Lewis, at the entrance of East
Loch Tarbet Lon. 6. 40. W. Lat. 57. 50. N.
Glasgow, p-t. & cap. Barren co. Ken. ; 61
ENE. Russellville, 148 SW. Lexington, W. 672.
Pop. in 1810, 240. R is a flourishing town, sit
uated in a fertile country, and contains the
county buildings, a bank, and a printing office.
Glasgow, (New,) p-t. Amherst co. Va. ; about
20 N. by E: Lynchburg, W. 195.
Glasgow, city, Scot, in Lanerkshire ; 42 W.
Edinburgh, 496 N. London. Lon. 4. 16. W.
Lat. 55. 52. N. Pop. in 1780, 42,832, in 1791,
66,578, in 1801, 83,769, in 1811, 100,749; and
including the suburbs, 110,460, and, in 1815,
the population of the city and suburbs was esti
mated at 120,000. It is situated on the banks of
foe Clyde, which, by an act of parliament, and
at a considerable expense, has been within
these last 40 years made navigable for vessels
drawing 7 feet 6 inches of water.
In regard to population, commerce, and man
ufactures, Glasgow, is the first city in Scotland,
and in the beauty and splendour of its build
ings, and foe importance of its institutions, the
second. Its length and breadth are ascertain
ed by 2 main streets, which cross each other
at right angles ; one 80 feet wide and 1£ m. long,
the other from 47 to 54 feet wide, and upwards
of f m. long. The city contains 3 elegant
squares, and has many magnificent public edi
fices, of which the cathedral, or high church is
the chief. This cathedral was begun in 1123,
and is, perhaps, the most entire specimen of
Gothic architecture in Scotland. It is 284 feet
long, 65 broad, and 90 high within the walls,
with 2 large towers, on one of which is a spire,
making the whole 220 feet high. The chari
table institutions are numerous and well admin
istered. There are 36 places of public worship,
13 of which belong to the establishment. The
situation of Glasgow is singularly favourable
for carrying on manufactures, and commerce,
being plaeed on the border of one of the rich

est coal and mineral fields in Great Britain,
and having the Atlantic open to it on the one
hand, through the Clyde, and the North sea, on
the other, through the Forth and Clyde canal'
and river Forth. There are belonging to Glas
gow, 9 iron founderies, 17 calendering houses,
18 calico printing works, 18 works for weaving
by power, which contain 2,800 looms, and pro
duce 8,400 pieces of cloth weekly ; and 52 cot
ton mills containing 511,200 spindles. A part
of the cotton mills, which belong to the city,
are situated in the country.
Glasgow is distinguished for the nuihber and
excellence of its literary institutions. The uni
versity, was founded in 1450, and is under the
direction of a lord chancellor, lord rector,
dean of faculty, a reverend principal, and 16
professors. The number of students in 1814,
was upwards of 1,400, and in 1819, upwards of
2,000. The buildings are very extensive, hav
ing a front of 305 feet to High street, and 282
from east to west. The university is richly
endowed, and has a large library, a botanic
garden, and a museum, the donation of Dr.
William Hunter, one of the most valuable col
lections in Europe of natural history, paintings,
medals, anatomical preparations, fac. ; the med
als alone are estimated at £30,000. — In ah
institution, founded in 1796 by Mr. John An
derson, there were, in 1814, 210 medical sfu
dents ; 280 students were instructed in natural
philosophy, chemistry, materia medica, and
mathematics; and the principles of natural
philosophy and mechanics were explained to
490 operative mechanics. — The public gram
mar school in Glasgow has a rector, 4 teachers,
and 520 students. The whole number of pupils
at all the seminaries and schools in the city, in
1814, was 10,589.
Glasgow, (Port,) s-p. Scot, in Renfrewshire,
on the frith of Clyde, 2£ m. above Greenock,
20 W. Glasgow. Lon. 4. 30. W. Lat. 55. 57. N.
Pop, 5,116. It is neatly built, surrounded with
pleasant villas and gardens, and the environs
are very picturesque. The harbour is good, and
long continued preferable in some respects to
that of Greenock. The trade is chiefly de
pendent on Glasgow. The shipping registered
here, in 1819, amounted to 19,133 tons.
G lassa, see Gaspar.
Glassborough, v. Gloucester co. N. J. ; 20
SE. Philadelphia. Here is a considerable glass
manufactory. Glasshouse Bay, bay on E. coast of New-
Holland, between Cape Mo re ton and the Glass
houses. Glasshouses, three hills, on E. coast of New-
Holland, so called from their supposed resem
blance. Lat. 26. 28. S.
Glasshatten, or Glasitten, X. Hungary, cele
brated for its hot baths, and near it are some
rich gold mines ; 7 miles from Schemnitz.
Glaslough, X. Ireland, in Monaghan ; 5 NNE.
Monaghan. Glasscarrick Point, cape on E. coast of Ire
land, in co. Wexford. Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat. 52.
55. N.
Glasshutten, t. Saxony, neayr which is a silver
mine ; 8 S. Dresden.
Glasslyn, r. N. Wales, which rises in Flint-

GLfi

660

GLE

limmoi-i mountain, and afterwards joins 2 or 3
other streams to form the Severn.
Glastenbury, t. Bennington co. Vt ; 11 NE.
Bennington. Pop. 48.
Glastenbury, p-t. Hartford co. Ct, on E. side
of the Connecticut, opposite to Wethersfield ;
6 SSE. Hartford, W. 343. Pop. 3,114. It is a
pleasant town, and contains 4 houses of public
worship, 2 Congregational, 1 Episcopalian, and
1 Methodist; a large manufactory of cOtton,
one of woollen, and one of glass.
Glastonbury, (an. Leucarum,) X. Eng., in So
merset; 5 SSW. Wells, 126 W. London. Lon.
of the Tor, 2. 41. W. Lat. 51. 9. N. Pop. 2,940.
It owes its Origin to a celebrated abbey ; situat
ed in a low marshy country. Not only the
town, but the environs of Glastonbury, abound
With religious relics. A tower of an ancient
church on Tor hill still remains, and lifts its
head into the clouds ; an object of admiration
to travellers, and an ornament to the surround
ing country.
Glatt, r. Ger., which runs into the Neckar,
2 N.' Sultz, in Wurtemberg.
Glatt, or Glatien, X. Ger., in Hohenzollern
Siegmaringen ; 4 E. Dornstetten. Pop. 400.
Glatt; r. Switz., which runs into the Rhine,
2 miles below Eglisau.
Glatien, mt. Switz.; 10 SSW. Glaris.
Glalz, X. Silesia, capital of a circle ofthe same
name, in the government of Reichenbach, for
merly of the principality of the same name ; 54
S. Breslau, 80 E. Prague. Lon. 16. 26. E. Lat.
50. 16. N. Pop. 6,681. It is situated on the
Neisse, built on the side of a mountain, on the
summit of which is a large and strong castle.
The town contains about 400 houses within the
walls, and as many in 4 fauxbourgs. It is a place
of considerable trade. It has been frequently
pillaged and burnt.
Gtots, principality, Silesia, lying on the bor
ders of Bohemia, surrounded on all sides by
mountains, now forming a part of the govern
ment of Reichenbach. It is every wbere moun
tainous, intersected with valleys, meadows,
corn fields, woodlands, and small rivers. The
country forms only one circle, divided into six
districts. Glatz Kogel, mt. Austria ; 12 S. Steyr.
Glavacia, X. Walachia ; 36 W. Bucharest.
Glaubotte, X. Frussia; 14 SE. Bartenstein.
Glaucha, or Glauchau, X. Saxony, in the lord
ship of Schonburg, on the Mulda ; 6 N. Zwick
au, 46 W. Dresden. Lon. 12. 25. E. Lat. 50.
45. N. Pop. 3,939. The inhabitants are en
gaged in manufactures of stuffs.
Glaucha, X. Pru. Merseburg, on the Saale,
joining to the town of Halle, but governed by
its proper magistrates. Pop. 2,793. Here are
4 schools, or seminaries, in which foe languag
es, theology, mathematics, music, fac. are
taught, and a large establishment for printing the
scriptures. It is sometimes considered a faux-
bourg of Halle.
Glaucus SinUs, now Gulf of Maori.
Glazic, small isl. in the English channel, near
the coast of France. Lon.2.56.W. Lat. 47.26.N.
Glazov, t. Russia, in Viatka, on the Tchevt-
za ; 56 ESE. Viatka. Lon. 51. E. Lat. 58.5. N.
Glean, r. Eng., which rises about 4 or & miles

N. Stamford, in Lincolnshire, and runs into the
estuary called foe Wash; 5 NE. Spalding.
Glebokie, see Hlubokie.
Glebow,X. Courland; 18 S. Mittew.
Gleiberg, or Glitzberg, t. Pru. Coblentz ; 2N.
Giessen, 8 NE. Wetzlar. H. 70.
Gleichen, district, Ger.,- adjacent to the prin
cipality of Gotha, and the government of Er
furt. It is divided into two parts, of which the
larger, having a population of 7,070, is the pro
perty of 4 branches of the family of Hohenlohe.
Chief town, Ohrdruff. The other part, contain
ing only about 1,500 inhabitants, belongs chief
ly to Schwartzburg-Sondershan; district of Arn-
stadt ; the remainder to the Prussian govern
ment of Erfurt.
*¦ Gleichenberg, X. Stiria ; 10 N. Racklsburg.
Gleichenbergen, or Gleichem Berg, X. Ger., in
Meiningen ; 4 E. Romhild.
Gleichenstein, X. Pru. Erfurt; 7 SE.Heiligen-
stadt Gleicherwiesen, X. Ger., in Meiningen ; 6 ESE.
Romhild. Pop. 324.
Gleina, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 3 E. Zeitz.
Gleinck, t. Austria ; 2 N. Styer.
Gleinstotten, X. Stiria ; 14 SE. Voitsberg.
Gleisdorf t. Stiria, on the Raab ; 11 E. Gratz„
Pop. 722.
Gleiss, X. Switz., in the Valais ; 26 E. Sion.
Glewsenberg, t. Bav. ; 3 ESE. Schlussenfeld.
Gleiwitz, or Gliwiee, X. Silesia, in Oppeln ; 21
NE. Ratisbon. Lon. 18. 35. E. Lat. 50. 17. N.
Pop. 2,823.
Glems, v. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Enz, H N. Mark GrOuingen.
Glemsford, X. Eng., in Suffolk ; 4 NW- Sud
bury. Pop. 1,148.
Glenan Islands, cluster of small islands, in
the Atlantic, near the coast of France. Lon.
3. 55. W. Lat. 47. 43. N.
Glen Almond, vale, Scot, in the county of
Perth ; 8 N. Crieff.
Glen Alol, vale, Scot., in the county of Suth
erland ; 14 N. Dornoch.
Glen Artney, vale, Scot, in the county of
Perth; 4 NE, Cullender.
Glen Carell, vale, Scot, in the county of
Sutherland; 12 N. Dornoch.
Glencoe, vale, Scot, in the county of Argyle,
near Loch Leven ; 17 N. Inverary. Where, in
the year 1691, the inhabitants were massacred,
contrary to the faith of a royal proclamation.
Glencroy, vale, Scot, in the county Of Ar
gyle, NE. of Loch Loung.
Glen Derby, vale, Scot., in foe county of.
Perth; 10 N. Dunkeld.
Glenegad Head, cape, Ireland, in foe county
of Donegal. Lon. 7. 4. W. Lat. 55. 20. N.
Glenely, r. Ireland, in the county of Antrim,
which runs into the sea, 3 S. Geron Point.
Glen Fichan, vale, Scot, in W. part of the
county of Argyle.
Glen Fiddich, vale, Scojt., in the county of
Bamff; 12 SE. Inverary.
Glen Fine, vale, Scot., in foe county of Ar
gyle, N. of Loch Fine.
Glen Finglass, vale, Scot., in Perthshire.
Glengarnff, harbour, Ireland, in Cork, on
NE. part of Bantry bay. Lon. 9. 23. W. ha\>
61. 43. N.

GLI

661

GLO

Glen Garry, vale, Scot., in the county of In
verness, N. of Loch Garry.
Glen Grudy, vale, Scot., in the county of
Ross, N. of Loch Fairnish.
Gtenicza, r. Warsaw, which runs into the
Obra, near Kosten.
Glen Kinglass, vale, Scot, in the county of
Argyle ; 20 N. George's Town.
Gtew Lednook, vale, Scot, in the county of
Perth; 10 NW. Crieff.
Glen Lochy, vale, Scot., in the county of Ar
gyle, NE. of Glenorchy.
GUnlute, X. Scot, in Wigton ; 16 E. Port Pa
trick, 18 W. Wigton. Lon. 4 27. W. Lat. 54.
58. N. It is situated at N. extremity of a large
bay to which it gives name.
Glenluee Bay, large bay on S. coast of Scot
land, extending from the Mull of Galloway to
Burrow Head. Lon. 4. 50. W. Lat. 54. 50. N.
Glen Lyon, vale, Scot., in Perthshire.
Glenmore, vale, Scot., in foe county of Perth ;
12 NE. Blair Athol.
Glenmore, small island on W. coast of Scot.,
at the mouth of Loch Stuart. Lat. 56. 38. N.
, Glen Morriston, vale, Scot, in the county of
Inverness ; 5 W. Fort Augustus.
Glen Moy, vale, Scot., in the county of An
gus, NW. of Brechin.
Glen Muik, vale, Scot., in the county of Ross.
Glenorchy, v. fa vale, Scot., in Argyle ; 13 N.
Inverary. Glen Queich, vale, Scot., in foe county of
Perth ; 10 N. Crieff.
Glen Rinnes, vale, Scot., in the county of
Bamff; 7 SE. Inveravon.
Glen Shee, vale, Scot,in the county of Perth ;
15 E. Blair Athol.
Glenshiel, vale, Scot, on the borders of the
counties of Perth and Ross, N. side of Loch
Duich. Glen Urquhart, vale, Scot, in the county of
Inverness. Gten Yalder, vale, Scot., in the county of
Aberdeen, between Loch Gar and the river Dee.
Gleans, p-v. Gloucester co. Va. ; W. 159.
Glen's Falls, p-V. in Queensbuiy, Washington
co. N. Y., on the Hudson, at Glen's Falls ; 3
W. Sandy Hill, W. 402. It is a thriving village,
and contains a meeting house, and valuable
mills. A weekly newspaper is published here.
Glen's Falls present a beautiful and picturesque
scenery. The descent is 28 feet in 3 rods. Here
is a bridge across the river.
Glenville, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. ; 16 Al
bany. Pop. 2,514.
Glers, X. Tyrol ; 21 W. Bolzano.
Gleucherwiesen, see Gleicherwiesen.
Gliany, t. Aust. Galicia ; 20 E. Lemberg.
Gliesa, t. Sweden, in West Bothuia; 25
WNW. Tornea.
Gligvi, t. Asia, in Daghestan ; 90 N. Teflis.
Glikeon, X. Eu. Turkey, in Epire; 26 W. Arta.
Glimany, t.Aust Galicia; 20 ENE. Lemberg.
Glims Holm, one of the small Orkney isl
ands ; 2 S. Pomona.
Glina, r. Croatia, which runs into the Save ;
12W.Petrinia. Glinbotin, mt. Servia ; 30 S. Jenibasar.
Glinnino,X. Russia, in Novgorod, on the Msta;
12 SE. Borovigi.

Glinsk, t. Russia, in Tchernigov; 80 SE.
Tchernigov. Glintzendorff, X. Austria ; 5 NE. Entzersdorff.
Glisolles, X. France, in Upper Loire, on the
Allier; 6 N. Brioude. Pop. 1,340.
Glitness, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
on E. coast of Scotland ; 11 N. Lerwick. Lon.
1. 16. W. Lat 60. 22. N.
Glitschen, r. Switz., which runs into the lake
of Thun, near Interlacken, in the canton of
Berne. Gliuben, t. Dalmatia ; 18 SE. Mostar.
Glocester, see Gloucester.
Glocovni, r. Croatia, which runs into the
Czernitz near Tsasma.
Gloeszti, X. Walachia ; 50 N. Bucharest.
Glogau, (Gros,) X. Silesia, in Liegnitz, capital
of foe principality of Glogau ; 62 NW. Bres
lau, 100 ENE. Dresden. Lon. 16. 5. E. Lat. 51.
39. N. Pop. 9,458. H. 883. It contains 8
Catholic churches, 2 Lutheran, 1 Calvinist, 3
convents, 2 hospitals, and a Catholic seminary.
It is built on S. side of the Oder, and now con
sidered as a fortress. It is the seat of foe gov
ernor, and a commandant, of divers tribunals, a
bishop's court, fac. — Native, Andrew Gryphius.
Glogau, Ober, or Little, or Gorny Glogowice,
X. Silesia, in Oppeln ; 19 S. Oppeln, 22. ESE.
Neisse. Lon. 17.48. E. Lat. 50. 16. N. P. 2,251.
Glognitz, or Glocknitz, t. Austria; 16 SW.
Ebenfurth, 28 S. Vienna. Pop. 1,430.
Glogovnitza, t. Croatia ; 4 NNE. Creutz.
Glomme, r. Norway, which passes by Tonset,
Kongswinger, fac, and runs into the North sea,
near Frederickstadt. The current of this river
is exceedingly rapid, and from the many catar
acts, very precipitous, so that it undermines the
banks. Length, 300 miles.
Glon, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Ammer,
near Crantzberg.
Glons, X. Neth., Liege ; 6 NW. Liege. P. 1,661.
Glorious Islands, two small islands in the In
dian sea. Lon. 47. 15. E. Lat. 11. 32. S.
Gloss la Ferriere, X. France, in Orne ; 6 N.
L'Aigle, 24 W. Evreux. Pop. 1,052.
Gloskar, small isl. in the Baltic, E. of Aland.
Lon. 20. 13. E. Lat. 60. 20. N.
Glossa, or Ivola, (an. Drepanum, fa Helenopo-
lis,) X. Natolia, on SE. part of the sea of Mar
mora. Gtoto, see Gyde.
Glott, X. Bav., Upper Danube. Pop, 500.
Gloucester, p-t. fa s-p. Essex co. Mass., on Cape
Ann, at N. extremity of Massachusetts bay ; 16
NE. Salem, 30 NE. Boston, W. 468. Pop. in
1810, 5,943 ; in 1820, 6,384. It contains a bank,
an insurance office, and 2 public libraries, the
largest of which contains about 600 volumes.
It is divided into 5 parishes, in each of which
is a Congregational meeting house, and there
is besides a meeting house for Universalists. The
harbour is very open and accessible for large
sbips, and it is one of the most considerable
fishing towns in the state. Besides foe harbour,
properly so called, there are 2 small out ports,
Squam, and Sandy bay, at which the bay fish
ery is carried on with spirit. The shipping be
longing to this port in 1816, amounted to 11,080
tons. The harbour is defended by a battery and
3'itadel. Thatcher's island, on which are 2-ligftts,

GLO

662

GNE

of equal height, lies on SE. side of Gloucester,
and is joined to the continent by a beach of
sand which is rarely overflowed.
Gloucester, X. Providence co. R. I. ; 16 WNW.
Frovidence. Pop. 2,504. Here are several cot
ton manufactories. Chepachet village, which
contains a post-office and a bank, is in this town
ship. Gloucester, co. N. J., bounded N. by Burling
ton 'co., E. by the Atlantic, S. by Cape May,
Cumberland, and Salem cos., and NW. by the
Delaware. Pop. in 1810, 19,744; in 1820,
23,089. Chief town, Woodbury.
Gloucester, X. Gloucester co. N . J., on the Del
aware ; 3 miles below Philadelphia. Pop. 2,069.
Gloucester, co. E. part of Va., bounded NNE.
by Middlesex and Mathews cos., E. by Chesa
peake bay, SSW. by York river, and W. by King
and Queen co. Pop. in 1810, 10,427; slaves,
5,798. Pop. in 1820, 9,678. Gloucester C. H.
is about 14 NE. Williamsburg ; near it there is
an academy.
Gloucester, p-f. Gloucester co. Va., on N. side
of York river, opposite to Yorktown ; 12 E.
Williamsburg, 45 ESE. Richmond, W. 171.
Gloucester, (New,) p-t. Cumberland co. Maine ;
23 N. Portland, W. 578. Pop. 1,658. Here is a
handsome village of Shakers.
Gloucester, city, Eng., and capital of foe coun
ty to which it gives name, on E. side of foe
Severn ; 26 S. Worcester, 34 NNE. Bristol, 106
WNW.London. Lon. 2. 14. W. Lat. 51. 42. N.
Pop. 8,280. Bp. see. It was formerly surrounded
with walls, and defended by a castle. It con
tains a magnificent cathedral, which unites foe
architecture of successive ages, the Norman,
Saxon, and Gothic ; 5 parish churches, several
meetinghouses, a synagogue, 2grammar schools,
fac. Its principal manufacture is that of pins,
which is the greatest in England ; and it has a
bell foundery. It consists chiefly of 4 streets,
and with its towers and spires, makes an im
posing appearance from the surrounding coun
try. It possesses considerable advantages for
commerce by means of the Severn and canals.
Two markets are held weekly, on Wednesday
and Saturday. Gloucester sends two members
to parliament. — Natives, George Whitefield and
abp. Moore.
Gloucester, X. Africa, in Sierre Leone. Pop.
563. Here are 2 missionaries.
Gloucester Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean ;
about 6 miles long, and 1 wide : it is inhabited.
Lon. 140. 4. W. Lat. 19. 15. N.
Gloucester Islands, two isls. in the S. Pacific
ocean. One, Lon. 146. W. Lat. 20. 38. S. ; the
other, Lon. 146. 15. W. Lat. 20. 34. S.
Gloucestershire, co. Eng., bounded N. by Wor
cestershire and Warwickshire, E.by Oxfordshire,
S. by Wiltshire and Somersetshire, and W. by
^Monmouthshire, the Bristol channel, and Here
fordshire. It is divided into 28 hundreds, which
contain 1 city, 26 market towns, and 280 par
ishes. The length from NE. to SW. is about 65
miles, and foe breadth from 20 to 30. Sq. m.
1,220. .Pop. in 1811, 285,514; 20,782 families
employed in agriculture, 29,988 in trade and
manufactures, 11,322 otheiwise.
Gloucester-House, station, N. America, ap
pointed for the fur trade with the Indians. Lon.
86. 69. W Lat. 61.24: N.

Glover, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 43 NNE. Mont
pelier ; W. 580. Pop. 549.
Glover's Reef, rocks on the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 88. 20. W. Lat. 16. N.
Glnbokaia, X. Russia, in Kolivan ; 72 E. Semi-
polatnoi. Gluchov, X. Russia, in Tchernigov ; 40 ESE.
Novgorod Sieverskoi. Lon. 34. 20. E. Lat. 61.
40. N. Pop. 7,000.
Glucksburg, X. Denmark, with a fortress, in
Sleswick ; 9 E. Flensborg. Fop. 450.
Gluckstadt, s-p. Ger., in Holstein, belonging to
Denmark; 28 NW, Hamburg. Lon. 9. 27. E.
Lat 53. 49. N. Pop. 5,178. It is situated on the
Elbe, which at this place receives a small river,
called the Rhine. It is regular and well built.
This town is the seat of the king's regency, and
the offices fa courts connected with it. Both the
garrison and the palace congregation frequent
the town church. Here is also a free grammar
school. The Calvinists are permitted a church,
the Roman Catholics a chapel, and the Jews a
synagogue. Glummen, X. Prussia, in Natangen ; 24 S. Ko
nigsberg. Glurentz, or Glurns, t. Tyrol, on the rivef
Adige, built in year 1362, and surrounded with
walls in 1530 ; 13 W. Tyrol, 36 W. Brixen. Lon.
10. 26. E. Lat. 46. 38. N.
Glynn, co. SE. part of Georgia. Pop. in 1810,
2,417; slaves, 2,845. Pop. in 1820, 3,418. Chief
town, Brunswick.
Gmeinfeld, X. Bav. ; 4 NW. Ebern.
Gmund, X. Bav. ; 3 SSW. Ebern.
Gmund, or Gmunden, see Gemunden.
Gnaa, X. Stiria; 24 SE. Gratz, 80 S. Vienna.
Gnadenhutten, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on
the Muskingum; 10 SSE. New-Philadelphia,
W. 354. It is inhabited by Moravians.
Gnadenhutten, (New,) Moravian town, on the
river Huron, in Ohio.
Gnadenthal, missionary, settlement, S. Africa,
among foe Hottentots. Pop 1,377; 465 com
municants. Here are 8 Moravian missionaries.
Gnapeezeik, X. Birmah, on the Irawaddy ; 110
NNW. Rangoon. This town is so named from
the Gnapee, or Napee, a sort of sprat, half pick
led and half putrid, used universally as a sauce
by the Birmans, which forms an extensive
branch of trade.
Gnarp, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 20 N.
Hudwickswal. Gnalzkow, X. Pomerania ; 3 SW. Wolgast.
Gnerden, (an. Ecbatana Magorum,) t Persia,
in Irak 150 E. Ispahan, 220 NNE. Schiras. Lon.
55. E. Lat. 32. 20. N.
Gnerroutoh, X. Birmah, on the Irawaddy ; 10
NE. Pagham.
Gnesen, or Gnesna, city, Pru. Posen, in Brom
berg, capital of a circle ; 100 NE. Breslau, 130
W. Warsaw. Lon. 17. 42. E. Lat. 52. 26. N.
Pop. 3,492. H. 501. Abp. see. It contains a
cathedral, a collegiate church, 12 other church
es, 3 cloisters, and a theological seminary. The
kings of Poland were crowned, and the regalia
kept here, till the year 1320, when they were
removed to Cracow. It is a very ancient town,
and was, in former ages, the capital of the coun
try called Great Poland, and before the parti
tion of Poland the archbishop of Gnesna was

GOA

663

GOD

the primate of the whole kingdom, the legate
ofthe holy see, and in case of the King's death,
regent, till the election of a new king. It suf
fered very much by fire in 1613, and has been
declining ever since.
Gniafda, X. Hungary ; WSW. Palotza.
Gniew, see Mewe.
Gnoien, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 21 ESE.
Rostock. Lon. 12. 52. E. Lat 53. 59. N. P. 802.
Gnoino, X. Prussia, in Pomerelia ; 6 W. Mari
enburg. Gnosal, t.Eng.,in Staffordshire; 4 W. Stafford.
Pop. 814.
GnossuSjSee Candake.
Goa, city, Hind., in Bejapour, on the west
ern coast, capital of the Portuguese settle
ments in India; 215 SSE. Bombay. Lon. 73.
67. E. Lat 15. 30. N. It is situated on an isl
and, 24 miles in circ, at the mouth of the Man-
dova. It consists of two parts ; foe old city, 8
miles up the river, is now almost deserted by
the secular Portuguese, it being unhealthy, and
foe seat of the inquisition. It, however, con
tains many magnificent churches, and exhibits
specimens of architecture superior to any thing
attempted by Europeans in other parts of India,
particularly the church and convent of St. Au
gustine. The viceroy and principal inhabitants
reside in the new city, which is at foe mouth of
the river, within the forts. It has two harbours,
one on each side of the island, both of which
are well defended by various forts and batteries
mounting heavy cannon. In the time of its pros
perity, it was a very large and splendid city,
and had a great trade : but from the beginning
of the 16th century, the Portuguese power in
India declined. It still carries on a small trade
with the mother country, with China, and the
coast of Africa. Pop. ofthe city and island 20,
or 30,000; but very few are genuine Portu
guese. — The Portuguese district in Bejapour is
fertile, but badly cultivated, and the settlement
is almost abandoned by Portugal. Sq. m. 1,060.
Fop. 109,000. Churches and chapels computed
in 1808, at 200, and upwards of 2,000 priests.
Goa, t on S. coast of the isle of Celebes.
Lon. 120. 30. E. Lat. 5. 12. S.
Goaeh, X. on W. coast of Celebes, and capital
of a principality. Lon. 119. 51. E. Lat. 5. 12. S.
Goacho, X. Peru, Lima, near the Pacific ocean ;
65 NNW. Lima. Lat. 11. S.
Goaffi, X. Africa, .Mandingo, on the Senegal.
Goalparah, X. Hind., in Bengal, on the Bur-
rampooter, and the borders of Assam ; where
the Europeans have factors, who carry on a
considerable trade with Assam, Bootan, Thibet,
fac. ; 32 E. Rangamatty.
Goomalty, X. Hind. ; 200 N. Calcutta.
Goanagoody, X. Hind., in Marawar ; 8. E. Tri-
palore. ,
Goas, t. Bengal; HE. Moorshedabad.
Goof Island, isl. of R. I., opposite Newport
Fort Wolcott and a citadel have been erected
on it.
Goat Island, small isl. which divides the wa
ter at Niagara Falls into two sheets. It has lately
been named Iris, in allusion to the perpetual
rainbows by which it is characterised.
Goat, Island, (Great,) small isl. near S. coast
of Jamaica. Lon. 76. 51. E. Lat. 17. 53. N.

Goat Island, (Little,) small isl. ; 1 NW. Great
Goat Island.
Goat Island, the southernmost of the Bashee
islands, in the E.Indian sea. Lon. 121. E. Latv
20. 6. N.
Goal Island, small isl. among foe Philippines,
near SW. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120. 18. E. Lalj,
13. 52. N.
Goalamala, see Guatimala.
Goatfell, mt. Scot, in the island of Arran. Its
summit is 2,865 feet above foe level of the sea.
Goave, (Grand,) X. Hispaniola ; 10 SW. Le-
ogane. Goave, (Petit,) s-p. Hispaniola; 20 WSW.
LeOgane, 36. W. by S. Port au Prince. Lon. 72.
54. W. Lat. IS. 27. N. Pop. 3,000. It has a
harbour capable of receiving vessels of the
largest size safe from winds ; the environs con
tain plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, and
cotton. This town is the staple to which the
inhabitants of Grand Goave and other places
send their commodities.
Goban, X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 75 S. Suster.
Gdban, or Geban, small isl. in the mouth of
the Euphrates, or Shat El Arab, at the entrance
into the gulf of Persia, with a town on it ; 50
ESE. Bassora. Lon. 48. 25. E. Lat. 30. 10. N.
Gobannium, now Abergavenny.
Gobbi, country, Africa, between the country
of Camma, and Cape Lopez Gonsalvo. Lat. 1.
30. N. The chief trade of the inhabitants con
sists in elephants and ivory ; the principal town
is situated about a day's journey from the At
lantic. Gobelnaw, X. Prussia; 24 ENE. Culm.
Gobygange, X. Bengal ; 8.SE. Goragot.
Gocey, X. Hind., Allahabad ; 30 N. Gazypour.
GocA, t Pru. Cleves, on the Niers, surrounded
with walls in the year 1291. It contains 3 chh. ;
6 S. Cleves. Pop. 2,412.
Gochsheim, or Gochsen, X. Baden ; 16 S. Hei
delberg, 24 NNW. Stuttgart. Pop. 1,430.
Gochsheim, t. Bav. dist, Schweinfort P. 1,390.
Gociano, X. Sardinia ; 30 E. Algeri.
Goculgur, X. Hind., in Agra ; 16 NW. Agra.
Godagary, X. Bengal ; 18 N. Moorshedabad.
Godalming, or Gedalmin, X. Eng., in Surry, in
the road from London to Portsmouth, with a
weekly market on Wednesday ; 4 SSW. Guild
ford, 34 SSW. London. Lon. 0.31. W. Lat.51.
1 N. Pop. 3,543.
Godana, X. Persia, in Irak ; 105. E. Ispahan.
Godavery; or Gongo Godavery, r. Hind., which
rises about 70 NE. Bombay, ;and falls into the
bay of Bengal by several mouths, between Lon
81. 40. and 82. 30. E. Lat. 16. 20. and 16. 50. N.
This river is reckoned sacred by the Hindoos.
It is about 800 miles long. Its delta contains 3
small harbours, Yanam, Bunder Malanca, and
Norsipore. Goddard's River, r. N. America, which runs
from the town of Ottagaumies to foe carrying
place on lake Superior.
Godens, X. East Friesland ; 7 S. Jever. Pop
850. ' '
Goderville, X. France, Lower Seine ; 9 NE.
Montvilliers, 15 NW. Coudebec. Pop. 610.
Godesburg,X. Pru. Cologne; 2 Bonn. Poo1
1,600. l
Godfrey's Ferry, p-v. Marion distract. S. C -
W. 442. • '

GOG

664

GOK

Godheab, or Good Hope, settlement in West
Greenland. Lon. 50. 10. W. Lat. 64. 25. N.
Goding, or Hodoning, X. Moravia, in Brunn ;
16 ESE. Auspetz. Pop. 2,265.
Godmanchesler, v. fa parish, Eng., in Hunt
ingdon ; 1 mile from Huntingdon. Pop. 1,779.
Godo, t. Arabia, on S. coast of the Persian
gulf; 140 W. Julfar.
Godolphin Hills, range of hills in Cornwall,
celebrated for its mines ; 4 E. Marazion.
Godoua, t. Fezzan ; 30 N! Mourzouk.
Godra, t. Hind., and capital of a circar of the
same name in Guzerat; 55 E. Amedabad. Lon.
73- 40. E. Lat 22. 50. N.
God's Mercy, (Islands of) three or four small
islands at NW extremity of Hudson's straits.
Lon. 73. W. Lat. 63. 45. N.
Godstone, parish, Eng., in Surry ; 9 Croydon,
19 SE. London. Pop. 1,556.
Goell, t. Holstein ; 1 NE. Oldeburg.
Goell, isl. Denmark, in Lymiford gulf, about
10 miles in circ. ; 6 W. Aalborg. Lon. 9. 49. E.
Lat. 57. 5. N. On it are a town, and a village
or two.
Goelma, port, Egypt, in the Red sea, fit only
for small vessels.
Goelwara, circar, Hind., in Guzerat, on W.
coast of the gulf of Cambay.
Goerce, see Goree.
Goerzeod, Ghezere, t. Natolia ; 25 S. Sinob.
Goes, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 9 E. Coimbra.
Goes, or Ter Goes, t. Holland, in Zealand,
situated on N. coast of the island of South Beve-
landt, on an arm of the Scheldt, with which it
is connected by means of a canal; 10 E. Flush
ing. Lon. 3. 53. E. Lat. 51. 30. N. Pop. 3,711.
It has at present 6 gates, that next the water
fortified with 2 good bastions ; on the other
side of the town are 2 more. The town is not
large, but carries on considerable trade, partic
ularly in salt and grain.
Gofabad, X. Persia, in Irak ; 55 E. Ispahan.
Goffstown, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H., on W.
side of the Merrimack ; 13 NNE. Amherst, 18
S. Concord, 60 N. by W. Boston, W. 499. Pop.
2,173. The Piscataquog flows through Goffs
town into the Merrimack. Here is consider
able trade in masts, staves, fac Amoskeag falls
are near the southeast part of the town. In
SW. part are 2 mountains, called North and
South Unconoonock. ¦
Gogo, t. Abyssinia ; 30 S. Gondar.
Gogard, X. Sweden, in East Gothland; 23
NNW. Linkioping.
Gogary, t. Bengal ; 24 NW. Boglipour. Lon.
86. 36. E. Lat. 25. 26. N.
Gogary, t. Hind., Bahar; 10 NE. Monghir.
Gogaryrr. Asia, which runs into the Coosy,
a little before its union with the Ganges.
Gogna, t. Italy ; 2 NW. Novara.
Gogna, r. Italy, which rises about 5 W.'Omeg-
na, and after a southerly course of about 50
miles, runs into the Po, 7 SSE. Lumello. It
gave name to a late department formed qf the
Novarese and Lumelline.
Gagland, small isl. Russia, in the gulf of Fin
land ; 80 W. Petersburg. Lon. 27. 2. E. Lat.
60. 10. N.
Goglionis, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 8 S.
Termoli.

Gogmagog Hills, hills, Eng., in the county of
Cambridge ; 3 E. Cambridge.
Gogmow, \. Hind., Oude ; 35 N. Manickpour.
Gogo, s-p. Hind,, in Guzerat, on the gulf of
Cambay ; 64 NW. Surat, 84 SSW. Amedabad.
Lon. 71. 53. E. Lat. 21. 45. N. The inhabitants
build vessels of from 50 to 300 tons, and carry
on considerable commerce with Bombay and
other places. The sailors of this port are des
cendants of the Abyssinians, and are held in
estimation for skill and bravery. It is an an
cient town; fallen to decay, till in 1805, it
came into the possession ofthe British ; and is
increasing in commerce and population.
Gogodunga, X. Bengal, on a small island,
formed by a branch of the Hoogly ; 45 S. Cal
cutta. Gogolev, t. Russia, in Kiev ; 20 E. Kiev.
Gogoromow, t. Guzerat, on foe coast ; 50
WSW. Noanagur.
Gogra, or Dewar, or Sarfew, r. Hind., which
rises from the Himalaya mountains in the west
of Kemaoon, flows through a part of Delhi,
Oude, and Allahabad, and joins the Ganges,
about 50 miles above Patna.
Gogra, see Dewah.
Golianna, t. Hind., in Ballogistan ; 45 WSW.
Delhi. GaAee, t. Bahar; 35 WNW. Saseram.
Gohlitz, X. Brandenburg ; 4 E. Lebus.
Gohud, circar, Hind., in the subah of Agra,
lying on the right side of foe Jumna. It is
bounded N. by the Chumbul, E. by Dooab and
Oude, S. by Bundelcund, and W. by Rantam-
pour and Cottah.
Gohud, t. Hind., and capital of a circar of the
same name, in Agra, the revenues of which are
estimated at from 20 to 30 lacks of rupees per
annum ; 55 SSE. Agra. Lon. 78. 44. E. Lat.
26. 24. N.
Gojak, X. Croatia, on the river Mresnitza ; 18
S. Carlstadt.
Gojam, countiy, Africa, and province of
Abyssinia, about 25 leagues long, and 14 wide,
the country is generally flat and in pasture,
with few mountains, but those very high. It is
almost surrounded by the Nile.
Goiana, X. Brazil, in Paraiba, on a river of the
same name, 7 leagues above its mouth ; 35 N.
by W. Pernambuco. Pop. 4, or 5,000, accord
ing to Koster ; others state it much higher. It
contains a Carmelite convent, and several other
houses of worship, and has considerable trade.
Goiavo, X. Africa, on the Grain coast; 25 SE.
Grand Sesto.
Gojeeda, or Eojida, t. Algiers ; 90 SE. Oran.
Goign, (The,) the S. extremity ofthe county
of Argyle, in Scotland ; 7 SSW. Campbeltown.
Goin, t. France, in Moselle ; 9 S. Metz.
Goisern, X. Austria, inTraun , 5 N. Hallstadt,
22 S. Volcklabruck. Pop. 3,182.
Goit, r. Eng., in Cheshire, which runs into
the Mersey, 3 E. Stopford.
Goito, X. Italy, on foe Mincio ; 9 NNW. Man
tua, 10 S. Peschiera. Pop. 1,600.
Gokaup, t. Visiapour ; 16 SSE. Raibaug.
Gokia, t. China, of the third rank, in Yunnan ;
20 ENE. King-tou.
Gokia, t. Turkish Armenia ; 30 ESE. Akal
zike.

GOL

665

GOL

ilolabad, t. Persia, in Irak; 4b E. Ispahan.
GotoA, t. Hind., in Bahar; 10 E. Ramgur.
Golansville, p-v. Caroline co. Va. ; W. 92.
Golawarry, X. Bengal ; 48 NW. Midnapour.
Golapilly, t. Hind., in Guntoor; 10 W. Inna-
conda. Golcar, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the West
Riding. Pop. 1,846.
Golconda, now called Hyderabad, pr. Hind.,
in the Deccan, bounded N. by Berar, E. by the
Circars, S. by Mysore, and foe Carnatic, and
W. by Dowlatabad and Bejapour. It is situated
chiefly between Lat. 16. and 19. N. Its ancient
name was Tellingana, and it was formerly a
portion of a very extensive empire, which com
prised all the peninsula from Cape Comorin to
the north extremity of Orissa. Much of the soil is
very fertile, and produces great crops of cotton
rice, and other grain ; also vines in abundance.
It has been chiefly celebrated for its diamond
mines, the principal of which were in the
neighbourhood of Raolconda and Culloor, 6,000
. men were constantly employed in these mines,
but they have ceased to be important, and now
hardly pay the expense of working. This coun
try is subject to the nizam. Having long been
under a Mahometan government, a consider
able portion of the inhabitants are of that reli
gion ; the majority however are Hindoos ; but
the population is by no means equal to that of
foe British provinces. Hyderabad is the chief
town. Golconda, called also Mankul, fortress, Hind.,
formerly the capital of Golconda, and the resi
dence of the kings ; 5 WNW. Hyderabad. This
fortress, for extent, might be called a city, in
the middle of which rises a hill like ,a sugar
loaf. It is esteemed by the natives impregnable,
but is extremely hot, and unhealthy. It is now
considered as the citadel of Hyderabad, and the
repository ofthe wealth ofthe nizam.
Golconda, p-t. fa cap. Pope co. Illinois ; 126
Vandalia, W. 813.
Gold Coast, name given to a country of Af
rica, near the Atlantic, about 120 leagues in
length, from E. to W. between the rivers An-
cobar and Volta. It contains a variety of dif
ferent states and kingdoms, and received its
name from the immense quantity of gold which
it produces. Several of the European nations
have settlements here. The Dutch at Elmina,
-and foe English at Cape Coast Castle. The
climate is exceedingly hot from October to
March, the rest of the months are tolerable.
The principal countries on the Gold Coast are
Ancobar, Axem, Ante, Commettda, Fetu, Sabi,
Adom, Agouna, Acra, Acambou, Labadde, Fan-
tin, Incassan, Ningo, Sabu, and Soko.
Gold Cronach, t. Bav. ; 6 N. Bayreuth. It had
formerly a gold mine, now neglected. Pop. 850.
Goldach, see Aach.
Goldapp, X. Pru. Gumbinnen, on foe Goldapp ;
68 ESE. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,855.
Goldapp, r. Prussia, which runs into the Ro-
minte, 6 N. Goldapp.
Goldbach, X. Ger., in Gotha ; 2 N. Gotha. In
the neighbourhood was a gold mine.
Goldbach, X. Bavaria ; 2 E. Creilsheim.
Goldberg, mt. Salzburg ; 9,370 feet high ;
one ofthe highest of IheN pric Alps.
Vol. I. 84

Goldberg, t. Silesia, in Leignitz'; 12 SW, Lieg-
nitz, 12 WNW. Jauer Lon. 15. 53. E. Lat. 51.
4. N. Pop. 6,061. It receives its name from a
gold mine near, which was formerly very rich.
Sealed earth is found in the neighbourhood;
and the inhabitants are engaged in manufac
tures of woollen and linen.
Goldberg, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 15 E.
Wismar. Pop. 1,251.
Goldeck, X. Salzburg ; 28 S. Salzburg.
Goldegg, X. Austria ; 4 W. St. Polten.
Golden Cape, cape, Eng., on W. coast of Dor
setshire. Lon. 2. 50. W. Lat. 50. 43. N.
Golden Grove, p-v. Greenville, S. C, W.541.
Golden Lake, lake of the island of Borneo.
Lon. 115. 45. E. Lat. 3. 55. N.
Golden Island, small isl. at the entrance of
the gulf of Darien. Lon. 72. 32. W. Lat 8. 20. N.
Golden River, or Rio del Oro, r America,
which runs into the Spanish Main, Lon. 82. 55.
W. Lat. 14. 44. N.
. Goldenstein, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 32 miles
from Olmutz. Pop. 835.
Goldenstett, or Goldenstadt, X. Han., in Die
pholz ; 11 N. Diepholz. Pop. 690.
Goldentraun, X. Pru. Lusatia; 16 SE. Gor-
litz, 37 ESE. Budissen. Lon. 15. 26. E. Lat. 50.
27. N. Pop. 350.
Goldingen, X. Courland, near the Weta ; 48
WNW. Mittaw, 100 N. Konigsberg. Lon. 21.
44. K. Lat. 56. 51. N. Pop. 1,000. It was for
merly the residence of the dukes, when it was
more commercial and flourishing that it now is.
Goldlauter, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 12 NE. Meinun
gen. Pop. 1,000.
Goldsborough, s-p. fa p-t. Hancock co. Maine,
on E. side of Frenchman's bay; 40 E. Castine.
295 NE. Boston, W. 727. Lon. 68. 3. W. Lat -
44. 28. N. Pop. 560.
Goldsborough, isl. Md., in the Chesapeake, op
posite the mouth of Hungary river.
Goleeah, X. Bengal ; 10 N. Calcutta.
Goleeah, X. Bengal ; 18 E. Ramgur. Lon. 85.
61. E. Lat. 22. 28. N.
Golesz, X. Poland, in Sandomirz; 60 SSW.
Sandomirz. Goletta, or Bouletta, fortress, Africa, on a ca
nal, in Tunis ;25 N. Tunis.
Goletta, or Hack el Wed, narrow channel be
tween the lake of Tunis and the sea, defended
on each side by a castle intended to protect
the passage. These castles form a fortress, v
which takes the name of Goletta.
Golfo Dulce, see Dulce.
Golfo Triste, bay on the coast of Caraccas.
Lon. 68. 20. W. Lat. 10. 30. N.
Golgam, t. Hind., Dowlatabad ; 15 N.Beder.
Golgom, t. Ceylon ; 48 NW. Candi.
Golich, X. Russia, in Irkutskoe, on the Lena ;
2 S. Orlenga.
Golinda, small island, near N. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 80. 4. W. Lat. 23. 20. N.
Golisano, X. Sicily, Demona ; 9 S. Cefalu.
Golitz, X. Nubia, on the left side ofthe Nile:
45 WNW. Dongola.
Gollach, r. Franconia, which runs into the
Tauber, 5 SW. Aub.
Gollersdorf X. Austria ; 4 SSE. Sonnebenr
Pop. 1,172. . . 6 '
Golhofen, X. Bav. ; 4 NNW. Uffenheim.' ,

GOM

666

GON

Gollersreut, X. Bav. ; 3 SE. Thalmessin.
Golli, or Colli, X. Africa, near foe river
Grande, whose inhabitants trade in slaves, ivo
ry, and cotton.
Golling, X. Salzburg, on the Salza; 14 SSE.
Salzburg, 22 NNW. Radstadt
Gollnitz, X. Ger., in Anhalt ; 7 NW. Zerbst.
Gollosing, X. Bengal ; 70 W. Midnapour.
Gollup, X. Pru. Marienwerder ; 42 NE. Brom
berg. Pop. 1,138.
Golnitz, t. Hungary, on a river of the same
riame ; 14 SE. Capsdorff. Pop. 5,000.
Golniz, X. Carinthia; 3 S. St. Andre.
Golnow, X. Pomerania, anciently Hanseatic,
on the lima, surrounded with walls in 1190;
12 N. Stargard, 13 NE. Old Stettin. Lon. 14.
57. E. Lat. 53. 37. N. Pop. 2,989.
Golo, r. Corsica, which rises nearly in the
centre of the island, and taking a NE. course,
runs into the sea, 12 SSE. Bastia.
Golobgunge,X. Bengal ; 10 E. Silhet.
Gologrizza, X. Istria ; 6 S. Pedena.
Golos, X. Greece, in Magnesia, 2 Makrinitza.
H. 700. It is a thriving place, fortified, and has
a considerable port.
Golsch, r. Ger., which rises a little S. Auer
baeh, in foe Vogtland, and runs into foe Elster,
near Greitz.
Goltchinskoi, settlement, Russia, in foe gov
ernment of Tobolsk ; 380 N. Turuchansk. Lon.
85. 14. E. Lat. 72. 5. N.
Goltiavina, X. Russia, in Tobolsk; 188 E.
Eniseisk. Lon. 98. 14. E. Lat. 58. 20. N.
Gollpach, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 8 NE. Thorn.
Goltsch Jenikow, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 6
SSE. Czaslau.
Goltva, X. Russia, in Kiev; 112 SE. Kiev.
Lon. 33. 14. E. Lat. 49. 15. N.
Goltze, X. Brandenburg, in the Ucker Mark ;
5 SW. New Angermund.
Goltzen, X. Pru. Lower Lusatia ; 7 N. Luckau,
10 W. Lubben. Lon. 13. 30. E. Lat. 51. 58. N.
Pop. 700.
Golub, t. Prussia, in Culm ; 24 SE. Culm.
Golubenska, X. Russia, in the countiy of the
Cosacs, on the Don ; 40 WNW. Tzaritzin, 200
ENE. Azoph.
Gomahny, X. Bengal ; 8 SSE. Gpragot.
Gomany, X. Hind., in Mohurgunge ; 45 NW.
Harriopour. Gomaringen, X. Wurtemberg ; 5 W. Reutlin-
gen. Pop. 1,059.
Gomaslahpour, X. Bengal ; 42. NW. Nattore.
Gomaun, mts. Asia, which separate Hindoos
tan from Grand Thibet, the same with Himma-
leh. Lon. 76. to 77. E- Lat 30. 30. to 31. 20. N.
Gombey, X. Africa, in Botonga, on the Zam-
beze. Lon. 36. 3. E. Lat. 18. S.
Gombezcala, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 100
NNW. Schiras.
Gombin, or Gambin, or Gabin, X. Poland, on
the Bsura; 34 NNE. Rawa. Pop. 1,200.
Gombroon, Gambron, or Bender Abassi, (an.
Harmozia,) s-p. Persia, in Laristan. Lon. 56.
12. E. Lat. 27. 18. N. Pop. stated variously
from 3, to 7,000 ; mostly Arabians. It is situat
ed on a bay of the gulf of Ormuz, in a barren
country. It is fortified by a double wall, and
defeuded by a fort. It was once the principal
seaport in Persia, being the particular port of ||

Schiraz and of the southern part of the coun
try. Though much reduced, its trade is still
considerable. The customs amount to 20,000
rupees annually. Such was Gombroon, as de
scribed 6 or 7 years since. In 1820, it was re
presented as a heap of ruins, and desolate.
Gome, X. Africa, in Whidah ; 8 E. Sabi.
Gomegnies, t. France, in North; 4 E. le
Quesrioy. Pop. 2,220.
Gomer, or Gomor, X. Hungary, in a county of
the same name, on the Sajo ; 92 NNE. Budah,
180 E. by N. Vienna. Lon. 20. 20. E. Lat. 43.
27. N. Pop. 2,000. It contains a Lutheran gym
nasium with a valuable library. — Pop. of the
county, 148,218. Sq. m. 1,615. Chief town,
Polsocz. Gomera, or Velez de Gomera, or Velez de
Pegnon,(an. Porietina,)' fortress, Africa, in Fez,
built on a rock near the coast of the Mediter
ranean ; 55 E. Tetuan, 85 W. Melilla. Lon. 4.
40. W. Lat. 35. 5. N.
Gomera, r. Fez, which runs into the straits of
Gibraltar, at Velez de Gomera.
Gomera, small isl. Scot, near W. coast ofthe
isl. of Mull. Lon. 6. 15. E. Lat. 56. 31. N.
Gomera, or Gomara, (an. Capraria, or Juno-
na,) one of the Canary islands, about 20 miles
long, and 10 wide, with a capital of the same
name. It is well cultivated and fertile, produc
ing abundance of sugar-canes and wine, with
corn enough to supply the wants of the inha
bitants. The town is situated on E. coast, and
has a good harbour ; 18 SW. from the island of
Teneriffe. Lon. 17. 8. W. Lat. 28. 6. N. Pop.
about 7,000.
Gomersall, X. Eng., in West Riding of York
shire. Pop. 1,332.
Gomgah, X. Hind., in Surgooja; 22 SSW.
Surgooja. Gomi, t. China, of the ftird rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 12 WNW. Kia-ting.
Gojni, t. Guriel, on the Black sea ; 75 SW.
Cotatis. Gommern, X. Pru. Magdeburg, on foe Elbe ; 8
SE. Magdeburg, 20 NW. Dessau. Pop. 1,159.
Gommerville, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir ;
10 N. Janville.
Gomnialpar, t. Hind., in Guntoor ; 15 E. In-
naconda. Gomora, small isl. in foe Indian sea, near W.
coast of Oby. Lon. 128. E. Lat. 1. 52. S.
Gomorrah, one of the towns of the Pentapo-
lis, on W. coast of the Dead sea.
i Gompchei, X. Hind., in Rohilcund ; 20 S. Pil-
libeat. Gomrapondy, X. Carnatic ; 25 N. Madras.
Gomron, see Gombroon.
Goms, dixain of the Valais, at the foot of
Mount Grimsel, extending along the bank of the
Rh6ne, of considerable extent, and divided in
to Upper and Lower.
Goms, X. Switz., which gives name to one of
the dixains ofthe Valais ; 33 E. Sion.
Gamut, r. Bengal, which runs into the Mag
na, near Chandpour.
Gamut Peperee, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 6
N. Amednagur.
Gonanpilly, X. Hind., Ellore ; 18 NE. Ellore.
Gonapi, or Gounong Api, one of the smaller
Banda islands. Lon. 130. 34, E. Lat. 4, 10. S.

GON

667

GOO

111 the centre is a volcano ; wild hogs, cows,
and serpents are the only inhabitants.
Gonary, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 12 S. Rydroog.
Gonaves, (Les,) s-p. Hispaniola, with an ex
cellent harbour. Lon. 73. 20. W. Lat. 19. 22.
N. Here is a medicinal spring, and, in 1772,
baths were erected, with lodgings to accom
modate company, and an hospital for soldiers
and sailors.
Gonave, (La,) isl. in the West Indies, about
30 miles long, and 5 broad, near W. coast of
Hispaniola. Lon. 73. 10. W. Lat. 18. 40. N.
1 Goncanama, t. Quito ; 20 SW. Loxa.
Goncelin, X. France, in Isere ; 13 NNW. Gre
noble. Pop. 1,470.
Gondar, X. Africa, and capital of Abyssinia,
situated on a hill of considerable height, sur
rounded on every side by a deep valley. Lon.
37. 40. E. Lat. 12. 30. N. It consists of 10,000
families in time of peace, or 50,000 souls. Ac
cording to Poncet, who visited Gondar in 1699,
it was then 3 or 4 leagues in circuit, and con
tained 100 churches. It exhibited nothing of
the splendour of an European city. The houses
were of only 1 story, and there were no shops.
The trade, which was extensive, was carried
on in a vast open plain, where the goods were
daily exposed on mats. The houses are chiefly
of clay, the roofs thatched in the form of cones,
which is always the construction within the
tropical rains. On the W. end of the town is
the king's house, formerly a structure of consid
erable consequence ; it was a square building,
flanked with square towers ; it was formerly 4
stories high, and from the top of it had a mag
nificent view of all the country southward to
the lake Tzana. A great part of this house is
now in ruins.
Gondelsheim, t. Baden; 6 SSE. Bruchsal.
Pop. 1,102.
Gondet, X. France, in Upper-Loire ; 10 S. Le
Puy en Velay.
Gondomar, X. Spain, in Galicia ; 6 E. Bayona.
Gondicatta, X. Hind., in Marawar; 33 N.
Truiman. Gondon, X. France, in Upper-Pyrenees; 7
SE. Tarbes.
Gondorf X. Pru. Lower-Rhine ; 4 ENE. Mun
ster Mainfeld.
Gondrain, X. France, in Gers ; 7 SW. Gon-
dom ; 19 NW. Auch. Lon. 0. 18. E. Lat. 44.
53. N. Pop.-229.
Gondrecourt, X. France, and seat of tribunal,
in Meuse ; 9 SW. Vaucouleurs. Pop. 1,113.
Gondreville, X. France, in Meurte, on the
Moselle ; 3 NE. Tout Pop. 1,015.
Gondufee, X. Africa, in Kong ; 100 SE. Kong.
Gondwarrah, X. Bengal ; 15 SSW. Purneah.
Goneah, X. Abyssinia ; 140 S. Mine.
Gonfede, X. Africa, near the river Grande.
Gonga, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, near the
sea of Marmora ; 36 NE. Gallipoli.
Gonga, or Bain Gonga, i . Hind., which rises
in the circar of Gurry-Mundella, and joins the
Godavery, 35 N. Rajamundry.
Gonga Godavery, see Godavery.
Gongaca, X. Bengal ; 40 SW. Calcutta.
Gongadee, X. Bengal ; 50 SW. Rogonatpour,
Gongoopour, X. Hind., Oude ; 12 S. Kairabad.
Gonhary, t. Hind., in Oude ; 40 W. Lucknow.

Goni, X. China, Se-tchuen ; 57 W. Oomong.
Goniadz, X. Poland ; 50 NNW. Bielsk.
Gonia, t. Natolia ; 16 W. Aphiom Karahisar.
Gonjah, see Kong.
Gonieh, (an. Apsarus,) X. fa large castle, A.
Turkey, belonging to Guriel, at N. of a river'
which runs into the Black sea ; 80 ENE. Tre
bisond. Lon. 41. 10. E. Lat. 41. 25. N. It is
surrounded with walls, has two gates, but nei
ther ditch nor fortifications : it was formerly a
town of some distinction, but in the whole
place there are scarcely 40 houses, poor and
mean; chiefly inhabited by seamen.
Gonjenpilly, t. Carnatic ; 18 NE. Nellore.
Goniondz, X. Russia, in Bialystock, on the
Bobr; 29 NNW. Bialystock. Pop. 1,373.
Gqnius, X. Poland ; 48 NW. Bielsk.
Gonkeer, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 117. 51.
E. Lat. 44. 50. N.
Gonkofen, or Gankofen, X. Bavaria ; 10 S.
Dingelfingen, 14 E. Landshut.
Gonna, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 3 NNE. Sangers-
hausen. Gonna, X. Hind., Lahore ; 12 W. Nagorcote.
Gonnawi(2,;see Ganowilz.
Gonnesse, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Seine-and-Oise ; 9 N.Paris. P.2,400.
Gonneville, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 6 N.
Montvilliers. H. 200.
Gonningen, t. Wurtemberg ; 7 SE. Tubingen.
Pop. 1,750.
Gonnord, or Gonnort, X. France, in Mayne-
and-Loire; 4 NNW. Vihiers, 15 S. Angers.
Pop. 1,805.
Gonon Besar, mt. on E. side of Java; cele
brated for foe quantity of pepper gathered from
the trees which grow on it.
Gonor, t. Hind., in Gohud ; 7 N. Raat
Gonra, t. Hind., Bundelcund ; 20 N. Callinger.
Gons, X. Hungary ; 22 SSW. Zatmar.
Gontant, or Gonlaut, X. France, in Lot-and-
Garonne ; 4 N. Tonneins, 6 ESE. Marmande.
Gontapilly, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 25 S. Cos-
sim cotta.
Gonwa, X. Guzerat ; 20 NW. Amood.
Gpnzaga, t. Italy ; 16 S. Mantua.
Goober, county, Africa, S. of Wangara.
Goochland, co. central part of Va., bounded
N. by Louisa co., NE. by Hanover co., E. by
Henrico CO., S. by James river, and W. by
Fluvanna co. Pop. in 1810, 10,203; slaves,
5,464. Poplin 1820,10,007. Goochland court
house is on N. side of James river, 30 WNW.
Richmond, W. 131.
Goodalore, X. Hind., in Dindigul ; 10 S. Oo-
tampaliam. Gooderoo, t. Abyssinia ; 94 SSE. Mine.
Good Fortune, or Pora, isl. in the E. Indian
sea, near W. coast of Sumatra, 36 m. long and
6 broad. Lon. 98. 30. E. Lat. 1. 5. S.
Good Hope, see Cape of Good Hope.
Good Hope, settlement, Greenland, in Baf
fin's bay. Lat. 64. 25. N. See Godheab.
Good Hope, or Hope Island, isl. in the S. Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 174. 50. E. Lat. 16. S. No
soundings for anchorage ofthe ship were found.
The land was mountainous, but not very high,"
and full of cocoa-nut trees.
Goodluck Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan
Lon, 74. 33. W. Lat. 53. S6. N. '

GOO

666

GOR

Goodianelli, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 19 N. Se
ringapatam. Goodimanelle, X. Mysore ; 20 W. Bangalore.
Goodingary, X. Hind., in Tinevelly, near the
coast ; 50 S. Palamcotta.
Goodoor, X. Golconda ; 35 SE. Warangole.
Goodoor, X. Hind., in Adoni ; 15 NNE. Con-
danore. Goodwin Creek, r. S. C, which runs into the
Great Pedee, half a mile below Westfield Creek.
Goodwin Sands, bank in the sea, near the
coast of Kent, said to have been formerly part
of the estate of earl Goodwin ; till, by neglect
of preserving the dikes and walls, the whole
was drowned by foe sea. Great part is dry at
low water. They lie to the E. of the Downs,
about 5 m. from the South Foreland.
Goodwinsville, p-v. Dinwiddie co.Va. ; W.164.
Goodwoman River, r. Missouri, which runs in
to the Missouri, 191 m. from the Mississippi.
Goojindergur, X. Hind., in Sanore ; 25 NNW.
Sanore. Gool, r. Hind., which rises near Burrawny,
and runs into the Taptee ; 8 S. Chnprah.
Goolgunge, t. Hind., in Chanderee ; 25 E.
Chanderee. Goollah, circar, Bengal ; E. of Coos-Beyhar.
Goomah, t. Bengal ; 45 N. Ramgur. Lon. 85.
54. E. Lat. 24. 23. N.
Goomah, t. Hind., Bahar ; 40 NE. Chittra.
Goombo, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 5. 10.
W. Lat. 15. 3. N.
Goombogano, X. Africa, in Kasson. Lon. 8. 60.
W. Lat. 14. 20. N.
Goomgong, t. Hind., Berar; 12 S. Nagpour.
Goomerpur, t. Hind., Oude ; 16 SW. Azimgur.
Goompina, X. Golconda ; 20 NE. Culloor.
Goomrepour, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 20 ENE.
Jionpour. Goomty, r. Asia, which rises in the mountains
of Kemaoon, and entering Hindoostan, crosses
the country of Oude, and joins the Ganges, about
15 N. Benares: in its course) which is very wind
ing, it is increased by the accession of many
other rivers.
Goonangapy, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near the NE. coast of Cumbava. Lon. 11&'. 24.
E. Lat. 8. 10. S.
Goondwanah, district, Hind., in N. part of foe
countiy of Berar, now more generally called
Nagpour. Goondwanah, or Konduannah, mountains,
Hind., situated on SE. part of . Mai wa, extend
ing from Hussingabad to Mundellah, about 170
miles in length. Lon. 78. to 81. E. Lat.22.40.
to 23. N.
Goopamow, X. Hind., Oude ; 20 W. Kairabad.
Goopigunge, t. Hind. ; 32 W. Benares.
Goopygunge, X. Hind., in Agra ; 17 E. Etayah.
Lon. 79. 18. E. Lat. 26. 24. N.
Gooracpour, pr. Oude, bounded N. by Thibet,
E. by Bettia and Sarun, S. by Gazypour, and
W. by Oude Proper and Baraitch, about 60
miles long, and 50 broad. Goorackpour is the
capital. Goorackpour, X. Hind., and cap. of a province
or circar, in foe subah of Oude, to which it gives
name; 65 E. Fyzabad. Lon. 83. 30. E. Lat. 26.
44. N.
Goorah, t. Hind-, Oude ; 40 N. Manickpour.

Goorah,l. Hind., in Allahabad ; 64 SW. Alla
habad. Goorunty, t. Hind., Cicacole; 17 SW. Gan-
jam. Goos, X. Nubia. Lon. 34. 18. E. Lat. 18. N.
Goose Creek, r. Va., which rises in Menase's
gap, in the Blue ridge, and flows into foe Poto
mac, 4 E. Leesbur#, 35 ENE- of its source.
Goose Island, small isl. in the gulf of St. Law
rence, near the coast of Labrador. Lob. 59. 10.
W. Lat 50. 52. N.
Goose Island, small isl. in Christmas Sound,
on the coast of Terra del Fuego ; 6 NE- York
Minster. Goose Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 94. 45,
W. Lat. 52. 55. N.
Goose Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 101. 21.
W. Lat. 54. 30. N.
Gooseberry Island, and Rocks, on the coast of
Cape Ami, Mass., near Baker's island. They
have occasioned the loss of many vessels and
lives. Gooseberry Islands, small islands near E. coast
of the island of Newfoundland ; 24 NW. Cape
Bonavista. Goosnargh, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 5 N. Pres
ton. Pop. 1,558.
Goota, X. Hind., in Goondwanah ; 10 S. Nag
pour. Gootoka, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 5 S. Rut
tunpour. Gooty, X. & fortress, Hind., capital of a district,
in Mysore ; 138 WNW. Nellore, 170 N. Serin
gapatam. Lon. 77. 48. E. Lat, 15. 15. N.
Gopalchiity, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 18 NW.
Erroad. Gopalgunge, X. Bootan ; 58 N. Dinagepour.
Gopalnagur, X. Bengal ; 25 SSE. Kishenagur.
Gopalnagur, X. Bengal ; 30 ESE. Dacca.
Gopalpour,t. Hind., in Hindia ; 8 N. Hurdah.
Gopalpour, X. Bengal ; 12 NE. Goragot
Gopalpour, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundellah ; 15
N. Gurrah.
Gopalpour, X. Hind;., in Bahar ; 23 S. Bahar.
Gopalpour,-X. Hind., Gohud ; 20 NW. Narva.
Gopalpour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 20 S. Goorack
pour. Gopalpour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 38 S. Fyzabad.
Gopalpour, t. Guzerat ; 25 N. Amedabad.
Gopalproog, fortress, Mysore ; 36 E. Serin-

Gopaulgunge, t. Bengal ; 26 SSE. Mahmud
pour. Lon. 89. 56. E. Lat. 23. 2. N.
Gopaulgunge, X. Bengal ; 14 SW. Beyhar.
Gopaulnagur,X. Bengal; 42 S. Burdwan. Lon.
88. E. Lat. 22.31. N.
Gopchinpour, X. Oude ; 8 W. Bahraitch.
Gopeer, X. Bengal ; 15 ENE. Ramgur.
Goperapilly, t. Hind., in Golconda ; 20 ESE.
Hydrabad. Goplo, lake, Pru. Poland, 20 miles long, and
2 wide ; 24 W. Brzesc.
Goppingen, X. Wurtemberg, on the Fils or Vils,
in a fertile countiy ; 20 NNW. Ulm ; 22 ESE.
Stuttgard. Lon. 9. 41. E. Lat. 48. 47. N. Pop.
4,296. Here are manufactures of woollen, and
near it is a medicinal spring.
Got, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 57 NW. Schiras.
Gor, X. Italy ; 8 S. Brescia.
Gora, t. Hind., in Chandail ; 20 W. Saipour.

GOR

669

GOR

Gora, t. Croatia ; 18 SW. Sifzek.
Gora, see Bergen, in Rugen.
Goracally, X. Bengal ; 12 SSW. Mahmudpour.
Goradzi, X. Servia ; 50 NW. Novibasar.
Goragot, t. Hind., and capital of a circar, in
Bengal ; 60 E. Mauldah, 80 NNE. Moorsheda
bad. Lon. 89. 22. E. Lat. 25. 14. N.
Goragot, pr. Bengal, bounded N. by Rung-
pour, E. by Rajoohow, Patladah, and Islama
bad, S. by Bettoriah and Pargannah, W. by Di
nagepour, and NW. by Surroopour; 55 miles
long, and from 12 to 30 broad. Goragot is the
capital. , Gorai, X. Galicia ; 21 SW. Zamoscie. H. 300.
Coram, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
121. 36. E. Lat, 3.42. S. It is chiefly inhabited
by Mahometans, who have 13 mosques.
Goranto, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 80 SW.
Satalia. Gorapari, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 20. 40. S.
Gorapari, X. Brazil, at the mouth of the river
so called.
Goraygong, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 9 E. Currer.
Gorbals, t. Scot, in Lanerk, almost joined to
Glasgow, to which it appears a suburb.
Gorbara, X. Corsica; 8 NE. Calvi.
Gorbata, (an. Orbitd,) X. Biledulgerid ; 12 SW.
Gafsa. Gorbatov, X. Russia, in Nizegorod, on the Oka ;
20 WSW. Niznei Novgorod. Lon. 43. 14. E.
Lat. 56. 5. N. Pop. 610.
Gorchen, or Gorka, X. Pru. Posen ; 40 S. Po
sen. Pop. 1,247.
Gorchwich, X. Weimar ; 18 SSW. Gera.
Gorcum, X. Neth. in S. Holland, on the Linge,
at its union with the Wahal ; 12 E. Dort, 30 S.
Amsterdam. Lori. 4. 60. E. Lat. 51. 52. N.
Pop. 5,196. It has extensive fisheries, particu
larly of salmon, with little other trade ; it
was anciently called Gorichem, which name is
now given it in all public acts, Gorcum being
only a corruption. From the steeple of the
principal church may be seen 22 walled cities,
besides a great number of towns and villages ;
before the revolution, it had one parish church,
and 3 religious houses. — Native, Erpenius.
Gordeliza, X. Spain, in Leon ; 22 SSE- Leon.
Gardes, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-RhOne ;
9 W. Apt, 16 E. Avignon. Pop. 2,812.
Gordeware Point, cape, Hind., on the coast of
Rajamundry, at the mouth of the Godavery.
Lon. 82. 28. E. Lat. 16. 42. N.
Gordium, afterwards Jwliopolis, city, Galatia,
on the Sangarius ; about 50 miles from Ancy
ra. It was once the residence of the kings of
Galatia. Gordona, X. Naples, Molise ; 6 SW. Molise.
Gordonsburgh, see Maryburgh.
Gordon's Ferry, p-v. Hickman co. Ten. ; W.
797. Gordonsville, p-v. Orange co. Va. ; W. 115.
Gordontown, p-t. Sullivan co. Indiana; 233
Indianopolis, W. 772.
Gordygong, X. Hind., in Visiapour; 22 NE.
Poonah. Gore, X. Berkshire co. Mass. Pop. 92.
Goree, or Goeree, formerly called West Voorn,
Isl. in the German ocean, near the mouth of
the Meuse ; about 10 miles in circumference ;

2 N. Schowen. Lon. 3. 50. E. Lat. 51. 49. N.
A wooden beacon, in the shape of a pyramid,
has been erected on NW. coast of this island,
with a light, first lighted in March, 1820, ele
vated 72 feet above high water mark, to serve
as a day and night mark for making the west
channel of Goree.
Goree, s-p. on an island of the same name,
situated near E. coast, on a canal which com
municates with the Meuse ; formerly a place of
considerable trade, but the harbour is now
choaked up with sand, though the road is still
good ; 6 W. Helvoetsluys. Pop. 694.
Goree, small isl. or rather rock, belonging to
France, on the coast of Africa, a little more
than a mile from foe southern shore of foe pro
montory that forms Cape Verd. Lon. 17. 25. W.
Lat. 14. 40. N. It is of consequence only from
its inaccessible situation, which renders it capa
ble of being converted into an important mili
tary position. It is about 2 m. in circuit. It is
composed of a basalt rock, which rises to the
height of 300 feet, on the top of which is fort
St. Michael. At the foot of the rock is the town
of Goree, said to contain 5,000 inh. It is a busy
place, and the entrepot of all the French trade
on the opposite coast of Africa.
Goree, small island on the coast of Brazil, at
the mouth of the Rio dos Reyes Magos. Lat. 19.
10. S.
Gore's Bay, bay on SW. coast of the island of
Tavai Poenammoo. Lon. 186. 36. W. Lat. 43.
12. S.
Gore'slsland, isl. in foe N. Pacific ocean. Lon.
177. 11. W. Lat. 60. 40. N. This island is nar
row, especially at the low necks of land which
connect the hills; about 30 miles in length
from NW. to SE. : it appears to be barren, and
without inhabitants. Lon. 177. 11. W. Lat. 60.
40. N.
Gorey, see Newborough.
Gorey Mountains, mountains, Ireland, in the
county of Donegal ; 14 SW. Londonderry.
Gorga, r. Naples, which runs into the Liban,
in Calabria Citra. '
Gorga, X. Mingrelia, on the Black sea ; 30 S.
Anarghia. Gorgades, see Cape Verde Islands.
Gorgast, X. Brandenburg ; 4 W. Custrin.
Gqrgo, now Urkonge.
Gorgoglione, X. Naples, in the Basilicata ; 15
E. Venosa.
Gorgona, small isl. in the Mediterranean, about
16 miles from foe coast of Tuscany ; celebrated
for the anchovy fishery on its coasts. Lon. 9. 56.
E. Lat. 43. 25. N.
Gorgona, or Tumaro, isl. in the Pacific ocean,
18 m. from the coast of Peru ; about 10 miles in
circ. Lon. 77. 52. W. Lat. 2. 6. N.
Gorgonzuola, t. Italy ; 10 NE. Milan.
Gorgora, island Abyssinia, in lake Dembea,
where Father Pays built a palace, in which the
emperor usually resides in the winter; 15 NW.
Gondar. Gorgu, see Choueri.
Gorgue, (La,) X. France, in North ; 7 SW.
Hazebrouck, 12 W. Lille. Pop. 3,125.
Gorgwilz, t. Reuss ; 15 NW. Tchleitz.
Gorham, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine ; 9 NW
Portland, 125 NNE. Boston, W. 564. Pop. 2,79a!

GOR

670

GOS

It is a considerable town, and contains an acade
my. There is a handsome village of Shakers in
this township.
Gorham, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y, ; 200 W. Alba-'
ny, W. 365. Pop. 3,991.
Gorham, km. Africa, situated between Lon.
24. and 29. E. and Lat. 10. and 15. N.
Gorgi, see Gory.
Goriatim, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ) 25 SSW.
Chittoor. Gorisherra, X. Bengal ; 4 S. Kishenagur.
Goritz, or Gorilia, or Gorz, X. Austria, on the
Lisonzo, cap. of a circle of the same name ; 20
NNW. Trieste. Lon. 13. 33. E. Lat. 46. 0. N.
Pop. 9,000. It is divided into Upper and Lower
Town ; foe former is ancient, situated on a
mountain, and defended by a castle, the latter
is situated in a plain on the river Lisonzo. It
contains 5 chh., 2 hospitals, a gymnasium, and
a high school.
Goritz, or Gors, or Goritia, circle, Austria, in
Iliyria, bounded NE. and S. by the duchy of
Carniola, and W. by the Venetian States. The
chief produce of the country consists in wine
and fruit, with some corn and silk ; the horses
and oxen are few, but goats numerous. The
language of the countiy is Sclavonian, and the
religion Roman Catholic. Pop. 115,442. H.
18,096. Sq. m. 972.
Goritz, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort, on
the right bank of the Oder, formerly the metro
polis of the circle of Lebus ; 7 S. Custrin. Pop.
888. Gorka, X. Hind., Mewat; 12 SSW. Cottilah.
Gorkah, X. Asia, in NE. part of the country
so called, on the borders of Napaul ; 35 NW.
Catmandu, 200 N. Benares. Lon. 84. 36. E.
Lat. 28. 25. N.
Gorkah, countiy, Asia, between Thibet and
the province of Oude, governed by a rajah de
pendent on the Thibet.
Gorkossin, t. Prussia; 19 NE. Thorn.
Gorlitz, X. Pru., province of Silesia, in Lusa
tia, on foe river Neisse ; 50 E. Dresden, 68 N.
Prague. Lon. 15. 31. E. Lat. 51. 9. N. Pop.
8,272. H. 1,293. It contains 8 Catholic chh., 4
hospitals, and a gymnasium, with 3 libraries. It
is'the second in rank of Upper Lusatia, but the
first size, population, and riches. The principal
trade is brewing, with manufactures of woollen
and linen cloth.
Gorleston, X. fa parish, Eng., in Suffolk; 3 S.
Yarmouth. Pop. 2,571.
Gorlitzen, mt. Carinthia ; 6 N. Willach.
Gormaz, or St. Estevan de Gormaz, X. Spain,
in Old Castile, on the Duero ; 6 miles below
Borgo di Osma.
Gormes, t. Austria ; 5 ENE. Ehrnsprunn.
Gorochovelz, X. Russia, Vladimir ; 72 E. Vladi
mir. Lon. 42.34. E. Lat. 56. 10. N. Pop. 2,434.
Gorodez, X. Russia, in Vitepsk, on the Gorool-
ka; 80 WNW. Vitepsk. Pop. 638.
Goroditsche, X. Russia, in Penza; 32 ESE.
Penza. Lon. 46. 34. E. Lat. 53. 20. N. Pop.
1,758. Goroditsche, X. Russia, in Kiev; 112SE.Kiev.
Lon. 32. 54. E. Lat. 49. N.
Goroditsche, X. Russia, in Niznei Novgord,
district of Balachna. Pop. 6,000.
Goroditsche, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 20 ESE.
Enis e isk.

Gorodnia, t. Russia, in Tver, On the Volga ;
23 E. Tver.
Gorodnia, X. Russia, in Tchernigov; 35 N.
Tchernigov. Pop. 1,200.
Gorodnitzsk, X. Russia, in Tchernigov, on the
Snov ; 32 NE. Tchernigov.
Gorodok, X. Russia, Polotsk ; 56 E. Polotsk.
Lon. 29. 54. E. Lat. 65. 36. N.
Goron, X. France, in Mayenne; 8NE. Ernee.
9 NW. Mayenne. Pop. 2,022.
Gorongo, small isl. in the E. Indian sea; 20
S. Gilolo. Lon., 128. 33. E. Lat. 1. 8. S.
Gorontale, or Gorontano, X. on E. coast of
Celebes. Gorpeta, X. Hind., in Berar ; 24 W. Chandor.
Gorriti, small isl. in foe river La Plata.
Gorsa, small island, near S. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 81. 25. W. Lat. 21. 45. N.
Gorsio, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 30 W.
Hudwickswall. Gorsnah, X. Guzerat ; 34 W. Noanagur.
Gort, X. Ireland, Galway; 16 SSE. Galway
Gorton, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 3 S. Man
chester. Pop. 1,183.
Gortolee, X. Bengal ; 6 NW. Curruckdeah.
Gorlschitz, r. Carinthia, which runs into the
Gurk, 3 S. Eberstein.
Gortynia, now Metropoli.
Gortys, now Garilena.
Goruah, X. Hind., in Bahar; 2 WSW. Bahar.
Gorur, (an. Oruros,) fortress, Syria, on the
Euphrates ; 10 N. Ana.
Gory, X. Georgia, in Carduel, on the Kur ; 45
W. Teflis. Lon. 44. 30. E. Lat. 41. 55. N.
Gorse, t France, in Moselle ; 7 SW. Metz, 9
NNW. Pont a Mousson, Lon. 6. 4. E. Lat. 49.
3. N. Pop. 1,641.
Gorzegno, X. Italy, Montferrat, on the Bor
mida ; 13 SE. Alba, 15 E. Bene. Lon. 8. 17. E.
Lat. 44. 38. N.
Gorzke, t. Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg; 34 E.
Magdeburg. Pop. 607.
Gos, r. Carinthia, which runs into the Gurk,
3 S. Eberstein.
Gosaypowr, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 15 NW.
Jionpour. Gorschutz, X. Pru. Silesia, and chief town of a
lordship, in Breslau ; 25 NNE. Breslau, 32 E.
Wehlau. Lon. 17. 30. E. Lat. 51. 23. N.
Gose, r. Westphalia, which runs into the
Ocker, near Gosslar.
Goselbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Saale,
near Merseburg.
Goselberg, mt. Stiria ; 10 W. Landsperg.
GosAen, t. Addison co. Vt. ; 40 SW. Mont
pelier. Pop. 240.
Goshen, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 16 ENE.
Charlestown, W. 484. Pop. 687.
Goshen, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 12 NW.
Northampton, 105 W. Boston, W. 396. Pop. 632.
GosAen, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. ; 6 N. Litch
field, 32 W. Hartford, W. 335. Pop. 1,586. This
township is accounted the most elevated tract
in the state. It is very excellent for grazing,
and is famous for cheese.
Goshen, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. ; 20 W. West
Point, 20 W. by S. Newburgh, 58 N. New York,
W. 261. Lat. 41. 33. N. Pop. 3,441. The vil
lage is situated in a valley, is well built, and
contains a court house, « jail, a bank, 2 aca.de-

GOS

671

GOT

nvies, 1 for males, and 1 for females, and 2
houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians,
and 1 for Episcopalians. It is situated in a rich
grazing country, famous for its excellent butter
and beef. Three newspapers are published
here. — At a distance of 2} m. W. ofthe village
called Cheechunk, is a mineral spring, much
resorted to.— 3^ S. of the village, near the sum
mit of Mount Lookout, is a cave of consider
able size.
Goshen, p-t Cape May co. N. J. ; W. 211.
Goslien, (East,) X. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 735.
GosAen, (West,)- X. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 757.
Goshen, p-v. Loudoun co. Va. ; W. 35.
Goshen, p-t. Lincoln co. Georgia; W. 638.
Goshen, X. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,416.
Goshen,t. Columbiana oo. Ohio. Pop. 492.
Goslien, X. Clermont co. Ohio ; 2& NE. Cin
cinnati, 90 SW. Columbus. Pop/ 755.
Goshen, X. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 912.
Goshen Creek, r. New Jersey, which runs
Into Delaware bay, Lon. 74. 54. W. Lat. 39.
10. N.
Goslien Gore, Caledonia co. Vt. Pop. 105.
Goshen Hill, p-v. Spartanburg, S.'C. ; W. 500.
Goshenhoppen, (New,) p-v. Montgomery co.
Pa.; W. 165.
Gosilia, i. Bosnia, which unites with the
Spretza. Gosir, X. Arabia, in Hadramaunt, near the
coast ; 75 SW. Keschim.
Gosling, X. Austria ; 12 SE. Bavarian Waid-
hoven. Gosmansdorf X. Bavaria ; 3 W. Ochsenfurt.
Gospich, t. Croatia ; 15 SE. Carlopago. Pop.
580. Gospini, X. Sardinia ; 24 S. Oristagni.
Gosport, X. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 12 SE.
Portsmouth. Pop. 66. It is situated on the
largest of the isles of Shoals.
Gosjtort, X. Norfolk co. Va., on SW. side of
Elizabeth river, connected with Portsmouth by
a bridge 1^ S. Norfolk. It is a pleasant village,
containing about 20 houses, some ware houses,
and a large U. S. navy yard.
Gosport, s-p. Eng., in Hants, on W. side of
the entrance into Portsmouth harbour ; 1 NW.
Portsmouth, 16 SE. Southampton, 79 SW. Lon
don. Lon. 1. 9. W. Lat. 50. 46. N. Pop. 11,295.
Being in the vicinity of the great naval rendez
vous of the kingdom, of which it may be said
to form a part, and possessing within itself con
siderable advantages for shipping, it has become
a town of importance, particularly in time of
war. It is regularly fortified. Here are several
docks for repairing merchant ships, and a little
to the S. of the town is an hospital, called Haz-
lar Hospital, for the reception of sick and
wounded seamen in the service of the navy,
capable of accommodating 2,000 patients. The
dissenters have an academy here for young
clergymen. In time of peace, packets sail
from Gosport every week to Havre de Grace,
and other parts of France.
Gossaingunge, t. Hind., Oude ; 15 SE. Luck
now. Gossau, t Switz., in St. Gall ; 7 W. St. Gall.
Pop. 1,200.
' Gosse Abdiali, t. Nubia, on the Tacaze ; 90 S.
Jalac

Gosseins, t. Thibet, on foe Dewah. Lon. 81.
24. E. Lat. 30. 30. N.
Gosselberg, X. Bavaria ; 2 N. Streitberg.
Gossen, X. Bavaria ; 4 NNW. Carlstadt.
Gossenreut, X. Bavaria ; 7 E. Bayreuth.
Gossilies, X. Netherlands, In Namur ; 6 N.
Charleroy. Pop. 2,872.
Gosslar, X. HanoVer, in Hildesheim, on the
river Gose ; 30 S. Brunswick. Lon. 10. 26. E.
Lat. 5i. 55. N. Pop. 5.670. H. 1,109. It. is an
old place, with crowded streets and mean
houses ; 4 churches and 3 hospitals. The prin
cipal commerce of the town arises from the
mines of iron and lead found in the Rammel
mountain, near which it is situated ; and beer
and provisions.
Gossnilz, X. Gotha, Altenberg, on the Pleisse ;
3 E. Scmollen.
Gossweinstein, or Gossmanstein, X. Bavaria, on
the Putlach ; 20 ESE. Bamberg, 23 NNE. Nu
remberg. Lon. 11. 19. E. Lat. 49. 45. N. Pop.
400. Gostadt, or Jottslodl, or JoSephstadt, t. Sax
ony, in Erzgebirg; 8 W. Wolkenstein, 23 S.
Chemnitz. Lon. 13. 2. E. Lat. 50. 26. N. Pop.
1,250. Goslenhof X. Bavaria, near Nuremberg. Pop,
1,225. Gostgaw, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 7 N. Thorn.
Gostin, or Gostyn, t. Poland ; 37 S. Posen..
Pop. 1,350.
Gosting, X. Austria.; 2 ENE. Zistersdorff.
Goslinin, or Gostynen, X. Poland; 14 SW.
Plock, 36 N: Rawa. Ppp. 600.
Gostitz, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 2 S. Fatschkau.
Gosytulla, X. Bengal ; 22 E. Kishenagur.
Goszitz, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 3 W. Ziegenruck.
Gotoro, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 57 SSW. Patna.
Gotha, or Saxe- Gotha, principality, Germany,
comprising the greatest part of the south of
Thuringia, bounded N. by Pru. Erfurt, E. by
Erfurt and Schwartzburg, S. by Hennebergand
Hesse, and W. by Eisenach and Meiningen.
Pop. 82,000. Sq. m. 593. H. 18,400. The south
west part is hilly, the rest more level, and
tolerably fertile, producing grain, flax, fruits,
fac The minerals are coal, manganese, iron,
and cobalt. The rivers the Neisse and Leine.
The duchy of Saxe- Gotha is composed of this
principality and the principality of Altenburg,
lying some distance to the eastward ; together
with some other small districts. Pop. 185,682.
Sq. m. 1,159. The religion is Lutheran.'
Gotha, formerly Grimmestein, and Friedstein,
city, Ger., capital of a dUchy of the same name,
and residence of the duke of Gotha, seated on
a rising ground near the Leine ; 13 SW. Erfurt,
Lon. 10. 44. E. Lat. 50. 56. N. Pop. 11,600.
H. 1,340. It is pleasantly situated, 1,240 feet
above the level of the sea, and contains 7
churches, 3 hospitals, a celebrated gymnasium
with 4 classes, and a library of 5,000 volumes,
and other public buildings and institutions. The
castle called Freidenstein, the residence of the
duke, stands on an eminence above foe town!"
Here are two libraries, the larger containing
60,000 volumes, the smaller 20,000; a cabinet
of natural history, artificial curiosities, and
medals, and a numesmatic libraiy of 6 000
scarce and valuable works on coins. The' in-

GOT

6?2

GOT

habitants carry on a considerable trade in
woollen manufactures, as also in wool and
beer; and exclusive of the profits arising to
them from agriculture, receive farther advan
tages from its being the thoroughfare from Leip
zig to Upper Germany.
GotAo, or Gotha-Elf r. Sweden, which is
formed by a number of torrents flowing from
the mountains of Norway, and flows into lake
Wenner. It passes out of the lake near Wen-
nersburg, and after a further course of about 70
miles, flows into the Cattegat at Gottenburg.
Before falling info lake Wenner it bears the
name of Clara-Elf. A little below where the
river issues from foe lake are the great falls of
Trollhetta. The whole descent, in 4 cataracts,
is about 100 feet. A canal about 2 miles long,
and 22 feet wide, with 9 locks, has been con
structed around these falls, opening a naviga
tion between Gottenburg and lake Wenner.
Gotheburg, see Gottenburg.
Gothland, the southern and most fertile di
vision of Sweden, bounded N. by Sweden Pro
per, E. and S. by the Baltic, and W. by the
Sound, the German ocean and- Norway. Pop.
1,416,721. Sq.m. 40,550. It isjivided into East,
South, arid West Gothland, with other subdi
visions. The following table gives a view of
the former and present divisions.
Former Divisions. Present Divisions.
( East Gothland. .Linkioping
i Calmar
Smaland  < Wexio, or Cronoberg
( Jonkioping
^Gothland isl  Wisby, or Gothland
- *§ [ Blekingen  Blekingen, or Carlscrona
¦g.2 J Halland  Halland, or Halmstadt
ffi o I Schonen

» Js
" o
a

i Christianstadt
\ Malmohus

C5 C
fl {Dalsland  ( £°tt.enburS
If Boh-  fe,
Gothland, or Gottland, isl. Sweden, in the
Baltic ; about 70 miles in length, and 25 in its
greatest breadth, formerly an independent
kingdom, but now subject to the supreme court
of justice at Stockholm. From its convenient
situation it has justly acquired the name of tAe
Eye of the Baltic. The soil is fertile, and there
are fine woods of oaks and pine,, good pastures,
and profitable fisheries on this island. Wisby
is the capital. Pop. 32,988. Sq. m. 7S4. It
forms the government of Gothland, or Wisby in
East Gothland, Lon. 18. 6. to 19. 6. E. Lat.
56. 54. to 57. 56. N.
Gotkmda, X. Sweden, in Nericia; 9 NNE.
Orebro. Gotomb, X. Poland, Lublin ; 28 NW. Lublin.
Go-ton, X. China, in Se-tchuen ; 48 NW. Ou-
mong. Gotseela, X. Bengal ; 48 W. Midnapour.
Gotswalikj X. Prussia; 6 E. Dantzic.
Goif Bay, bay. on S. coast of Tiree. Lon. 6.
43. W. Lat. 56. 33. N.
Gotta, or Gotlo Islands, cluster of small Ja
panese islands. Lon. 131,40. E. Lat. 30. 40. N.
Gottaul, X. Bengal ; 33 S. Burdwan. Lon. 88.
6, E. Lat. 22. 42. N.
Gottelsbrunn, X. Austria ; 3 N. Brugg.

Gottelsdorf, t. Bav. ; 10 NNE. Anspach.
Gottenburg, Gothenburg, or GotAe&urg, s-p,
Sweden, capital of West Gothland and foe go
vernment of Gottenburg, in the south-west of
Sweden, on the Cattegat, near the mouth of
the Gotha; 40 S. Uddevalla, 140 N. by W. Co
penhagen. Lon. 11. 58. E. Lat. 67. 42. N. Pop.
in 1805, 17,760; in 1810, 19,856; in 1815;
21,788 ; 10,770 males, 11)018 females. Bp. see.
It stands on a marshy plain, surrounded by pre
cipitous ridges of naked rocks, rising to the
height of from 100 to 300 feet, but intersected
by several cultivated openings. It consists
of 2 parts, one occupying the plain, the other
one ofthe ridges on the west side. The houses
on the plain are built on piles, and several of
the streets are traversed by canals, bordered
with trees, which give it much the appearance
of a Dutch town. The houses erected since
the late fires, are mostly built of stone or brick;
they are large and have flat and concealed
roofs. The principal street, called Great Har
bour street, runs from east to west, dividing foe
town into two parts, nearly equal, and consists
of well built houses, 3 stories high. The streets
are generally wide and clean. The upper
town is built with less regularity, but has an
imposing appearance, the houses rising one
above the other in the form of an amphitheatre. "
Gottenburg is next to Stockholm, the princi
pal town in Sweden, with regard to population,
commerce, and manufactures. The harbour is
the most conveniently situated for foreign trade
in Sweden. The principal exports are iron and
steel, from the mines of Warmeland; after
these, herrings, linen, timber, tar, train oil, and
alum. Upwards of 250 vessels belong to the
port, and about 1,000 vessels annually enter it.
It is the seat of foe Swedish East India com
pany. The only considerable public edifices
are the exchange, the extensive buildings be- ';,»
longing to the East Indian company, a hospi- &
tal, and a magnificent church. It contains an
academy of sciences, a mercantile academy, I
and a large provincial school. The English-
language is much spoken here. It has suffered
greatly by fires ; in December 1802, 179 houses
and the cathedral, and in November, 1804, 200
houses, .with the barracks and several granaries,
were burnt. It is contemplated to open a line
of navigation from Gottenburg to Stockholm,
through the river Gotha and the lakes Wenner
and Malar, by constructing canals ; thus con
necting foe German ocean and the Baltic.
Gottern, t. Thuringia; 4W. Langen Salza.
Gottesberg,X. Silesia, in Schweidnitz; 12 SW.
Schweidnitz, 26 NW. Glatz. Lon. 15. 54. E.
Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop. 2,071. Near it is a mine
of gold, and another of coals ; the former is not
worked. Gottesgab, X. Bohemia, in Elnbogen ; UN.
Carlsbad. Lon. 12. 54. E. Lat. 50. 22. N. Pop.
1,521. .
Gottesweldt, X. Prussia ; 3 S. Morungen.
Gottingen, t. Burke co. Georgia, on the Sa
vannah ; 32 SSE. Augusta.
Gottingen, pr. Han., in the southern extrem
ity, bounded N. by Brunswick and Hildesheim,
E. by Brunswick andFru: Saxony, S. by Pru.
Saxony and Hesse Cassel, and W. by Hesse

GOT

673

GOU

Cassel. Sq. m. 1,216. Pop, 176,110; Catholics,
9,536; Reformed, 5,200 ; Jews, 1,203; the re
mainder Lutherans. H. 27,177. It was consti
tuted a province in 1816, formed of Gruben-
hagen, the quarter of Gottingen, in Calenburg, a
part of Hohenstein, and other small districts.
The surface is extremely hilly, the eastern part,
including the Harz and the adjoining mount
ains. It is watered by the Weser, Leine, and
Rhume. The climate on the high lands is cold.
It is not very productive in corn, but abounds
in flax, tobacco, fruit, and pasture, and contains
all foe mines of silver, copper, lead, and iron
in the kingdom.
Gottingen, or Goettingen, t. Han., capital of
the province of the same name ; 21 NE. Cas
sel, 51 ESE. Paderborn, 65 S. Hanover. Lon.
9. 55. E. Lat 61. 32. N. Pop. 8,309, exclusive
of the students and military. H. 923. It is si
tuated in a pleasant valley, on the small river
Leine, and at the foot of the mountain of
Haimberg. It contains a hospital, 4 Lutheran
churches, 2 Reformed churches, a Catholic
chapel, a gymnasium, and a university: The
situation is healthy, the streets wide, well pav
ed, and lighted at night. It was formerly fort
ified, but the walls are now demolished, and
laid out in public walks, which command a
pleasant prospect around foe town, taking in
gardens, meadows, and a number of distant
eminences. The town is ancient, and was once
Hanseatic. It has some manufactures of linen
and woollen.
The principal ornament and support of Got
tingen is its celebrated university, which is
more numerously attended than any ofoer in
Germany. It was founded, in 1784, by George
III. of England, and the English sovereign is
perpetual rector of if, in his capacity of king of
Hanover. It is on a very comprehensive plan,
and has 4 faculties, divinity, philosophy, law,
and medicine. The number of professors is
not fixed, but generally exceeds 40, who are
regular professors, together with a number of
extraordinary ones. The number of professors
and tutors, in 1820, was stated at 65 ; students,
1,118, of whom 544 were foreigners. The li
brary is one of the largest and most valuable in
the world, containing 280,000 vols. ; and the bo
tanic garden one of the most celebrated in Eu
rope. It has also a fine observatory, a surgical
and lying-in hospital, and an anatomical theatre.
In 1751 an academy of sciences was establish
ed here, consisting of 3 classes, the mathemat
ical, physical, . and historical. To this the sci
entific world has been indebted for many valu
able discoveries and improvements. The uni
versity of Gottingen boasts of having cherished
many individuals of the highest eminence in
literature and science, among whom may be
reckoned Mosheim, Michaelis, Mayer, Lichten-
berg, Kastner, Burger, Beckmann, Putter,
Heyne, Martens, Blumenbach, Eichhorn, and
Villers. I
Gottleube, X. Saxony, Meissen ; 8 S. Pima.
Gottleube, r. Saxony, which runs into the
Elbe, near Pima.
Gotllieben, X. Switz., where John Huss was
confined in 1415 ; 3 miles from Constance.
Goltlesdorf X. Austria; 5 SE. Altenmarkt,
Vol. r. 85

Gottmansgrun, X. Bav. ; 4 NW, Hof.
Golto, see Gotta.
Gotto, extensive-country, central Africa, oit
S. side of the Niger, between Bambarra and
Tombuctoo. Chief town, Moosseedoo.
Gottokngo, X. Italy ; 15 S. Brescia.
Gottorp, X. Denmark, in Sleswick; 2 NW.
Sleswick. Here is a noble palace of the dukes
of Holstein, which gives title to a branch of
that illustrious house; it is esteemed one ofthe
finest buildings in foe north.
Gottschee, t. Middle Carniola ; 20 SSE Lay
bach, 160 SSW. Vienna. Lon. 14. 48. E. Lat.
45. 63. N. Pop. 1,600.
Gottzendorf X. Austria; 5 S. Aigen.
Gotzal, t. Bavaria; 12 N. Deckendorf, 36 E.
Ratisbon. Govan, v. fa parish, 5 miles long, and 3 or 4
broad, Scot., in Lanerkshire ; 4 W. Glasgow.
Pop. 11,581.
Govardo, see Guardo.
Gouaree, t.JYance, in North-Coasts; 5 E.
Rostrenen, 48 SW. St. Brieuc.
Gouda, or Tergouw, city, Neth., in N. Hol
land, on a branch of foe Rhine, called Issel,
where it receives the river Gouw, which gives
it its name ; 9 NE. Rotterdam, 22 S. Amster
dam. Lon. 4. 43. E. Lat. 52. 0. N. Pop. 11,379.
It has extensive manufactures of tobacco pipes,
also of porcelain, with a commodious port, and
a brisk trade, having boats passing regularly to
Amsterdam, Hague, Rotterdam, Utrecht, fac. —
The great church is one of the handsomest and
largest in the country, and is particularly cele?
brated for its painted glass windows, supposed
to be the finest of the kind in Europe, and pre
served with great care.
Goudhurst, X. & parish, Eng., in Kent, with
a weekly market on Wednesday ; 1 1 S. Maid
stone, 44 SE. London. Pop. 2,082.
Goudoz, X. Natolia ; 72 ENE. Kiutaja.
Goudswaarte, small isl. at the mouth of the
Meuse, a little S. the island of Putten.
Gouega, X. Africa, Whidah ; 10 WSW. Sabi.
Govending, X. Bengal ; 32 E. Calcutta.
Goverdan, X. Hind., in Mewat ; 10 ESE. Dig.
Goverdan, X. Hind., in Oude, near the De
wah ; 20 N. Azimgur.
Goverdunpaur, X. Hind. ; 44 N. Allahabad.
Governador, r. West Florida, which runs into
Pensacola bay, Lon. 87. 4. W. Lat. 30. 39. N.
Governdungurry, X. Hind., in Canara ; 14 SE.
Onore. Governolo, X. Italy, at the conflux ofthe Min
cio with the Po ; 12 SE. Mantua. In 1796, a
severe battle was fought near this town, be
tween the French and Austrians, in which the
former were victorious, and made 10,000 pri
soners. Governor's Island, isl. in Boston harbour,
Mass. ; 2 E. Boston. Pop. 64. It contains
about 70 acres, and has a pleasant and com
manding situation. Fort Warren, which has
2 crescent batteries, with heavy guns, is on this
island. Govery, t. Hind., in the circar of Rajamund
ry ; 10 WNW. Rajamundry.
Goueze, X. France, in Finisterre ; 4 SE. Cha-
teaulin, 10 NE. Quimper.
Goueznon, X. France, in Finisterre; 4, N,
Brest Fop. 1,1.53. •

GOU

674

GRA

Goufre, t. Canada, on the St. Lawrence ;
50 E. Quebec.
Gough's Island, small isl. in the S. Atlantic.
Lon. 10. 0. W. Lat. 40. 15. S.
Goujim, t. Portugal, in Beira; 12 SW. St.
Joao de Pesqueira.
Govinpour, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 26 S. Bahar.
Govinpour, X. Bengal ; 10 W. Nuldingah.
Goulamconda, X. Hind., Mysore ; 9 S. Gooty.
Goulergaut, X. Thibet ; 28 S. Deuprag.
Goulkoun, see Gokoup,
Goulour, I. Hind., in Sanore; 18 N. Sanore.
Goulvin, X. France, in Finisterre ; 3 N. Les-
nevin, 12 St. Pol de Leon.
Goumel, X. Africa, and capital of the coun
try of the Foulahs, and residence ofthe Sifatik.
Lon. 11. 32. W. Lat. 16. 16. N.
Gounda, t. Hind., in Oude ; 32 ENE. Manick-
pour. Gounong Api, see Gonapi.
Govone, X. Piedmont ; 6 N. Alba. Pop'. 2,510.
Gour, or Gaur, or Lucknowty, X. Hind., in
Bengal, at a little distance from foe left bank of
the Ganges ; 40 E. Moorshedabad. It was the
capital of Bengal from 1204 to 1564, under the
Afghan dynasties, and is said to have contain
ed 200,000 inhabitants. It is now laid waste,
and its ruins extend 15 miles. It is supposed to
have been the ancient Gangia Regia.
Goura, or Gura, X. Poland, on foe Vistula ;
12 miles from Warsaw.
Govra, X. Persia, in Irak ; 35 E. Ispahan.
Gourftincourt, X. France, in Meuse ; 8 N. Es
tate, 15 NE. Verdun.
Govray, cape on E. coast of foe island of
Jersey ; 4 E. St. Helier.
Gouray, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 6 S.
Lamballe, 9 W, Broons.
Gourbet, t. Africa, in Hoval, on the Senegal.
Lat. 17. 10. N.
Gourdon, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Lot; 16 N. Cahors, 27 WNW. Figeac.
Lon. 1. 28. E. Lat. 44. 44. N. Pop. 3,703.
Gourey, X. Hind., in Oude ; 10 NW. Lucknow.
Gourgong, t. Hind., Allahabad ; 10 N. Corah.
Gourgouly, X. Golconda ; 36 WSW. Rachore.
Gourin, X. France, in Morbihan ; 26 WNW.
Fontivy, 45 NW. Vanues. Pop. 3,674.
Gourma, X. Abyssinia, on the coast of the
Red sea. Lat. 14. 52. N.
Gourmungul, X. Golconda ; 12 SW. Malkar.
Gournay, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Lower-Seine ; 24 E. Rouen. Lon.
1. 47. E. Lat. 49. 29. N. Pop. 3,543.
Gournei, X. Egypt, on a part of the site of foe
ancient Thebes. See Luxorein.
Gourock, X. Scot., in Renfrew, on a creek of
the Clyde ; 3 W. Greenock.
Gpurri, X. Abyssinia ; 75 SW. Assab.
Goussaincourt, X. France, in Meuse; 6 E.
Goridrecourt ; 6 S. Vaucouleurs.
Goussainville, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise;
3 Gonesse. Pop. 850.
Gouvea, X. Portugal, in Estramadura ; 20 SE.
Viseu. Gouverneur, p-t. St Lawrence co. N.Y. ; 20 S.
Ogdensburg, 192 NW. Albany, W. 489. P. 765.
Goux, X. France, in Doubs ; 9 8E. Ornans.
Gouzon, X. France, in Creuse ; 15 E. Gueret.
Pop. 404.

Gow, t. Hind., Bahar ; 40 SSW. Bahar. Lon.
84. 48. E. Lat. 25, N.
Gowe, r. Pomerania, which runs into the Oder,
10 S. Wollin.
Gower's Harbour, bay, on SW. coast of New
Ireland ; 5 N. Cape St. George. Lon. 150. 40.
E. Lat 4. 50. S. This is by Mons. Bougainville
called Praslin Bay, (Bale de Praslin,) and by
Dampier, St. George's Bay.
Gower's Island, or Inattendue. Lon. 158. 56.
E. Lat. 7. 56. S. It is a small, low, flat island,
and the inhabitants appeared like those of Eg
mont island.
Gowgat, X. Hind. ; 12 W. Agra.
Gowgalchy, X. Bengal ; 12 N. Calcutta.
Gowickenberg, X. Prussia ; 4 S. Brandenburg.
Gowrah, X. Bengal ; 27 SSE. Doesa.
Gowrah, X. Hind.; 5 NE. Benares.
Gowran, X. Kilkenny, Ireland ; 6 E.Kilkenny.
Gowray Castle, see Orgeuil Castle.
Gowrey, X. Hind., in Oude ; 53 W. Kairabad.
Gowrypour, X. Bengal ; 26 SE. Dacca.
Goyana, X. Brazil, in Itamaraca, on a river of
the same name, 9 miles above its mouth. Lat.
7. 39. S.
Goyanes, X. Spain, in Galicia, on the sea coast ; I
25 SW. Santiago. Lon 8. 50. W. Lat. 42. 32. N. y
Goyas, government, Brazil, which extends 1
from 4& to 54. deg. W. Lon. and from 6. 30. to
19. S. Lat. Chief town, Villa Boa. Pop. esti
mated at 170,000. The chief business is search
ing for gold in the mines, which were first dis
covered in foe year 1726.
Goyava, X. Africa, on the Grain coast.
Goyave, X. on W. coast of the island of Gre
nada, in the West-Indies. Lon. 61. 32. W. Lat.
12. 13. N.
Goyaves, X. Guadaloupe, situated in a bay to
which it gives name.
Goz, or Gozen, s-p. Morocco, on the coast of
the Atlantic, not far from Mogador.
Gozan, see Kizil-Ozan.
Gozo, or Gafda, small isl. in the Mediterrane- 1
an, about 27 miles from SW. coast of Candia.
Lon. 23. 46. E. Lat. 34. 48. N. Anciently Clauda,
under which St. Paul sailed on his voyage to
Rome. Not above 30 families reside on it, who
have a Greek church. Vessels often put in for
water and provisions. A little to the W. is a
very small island called Pulo Gozo, or Little
Goso. Gozzano, X. Italy ; 18 N. Novara.
Gozzo, or Gozo, (an. Gaulos,) isl. Mediterra
nean, a little NW. of Malta, to which it belongs,
and is in possession of Britain. Pop. 12,464.
Sq. m. 37. It contains foe fort of Gozzo, foe
town of St. Borgo, and 6 villages. It is rocky,
but fertile and populous.
Graaf Reynet, X. Africa, in the country of the
Hottentots ; N. of Bethelsdorp, 500 miles from
Cape Town. It consists of an assemblage of
mud huts, and is the chief town of a district,
supposed to contain 10,000 Hottentots.
Gra&, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 17 WNW.
Leitmeritz. Grabau, X. Poland ; 22 S. Kalisch.
Grahaw, t. Aust: Poland ; 28 NNW, Belez.
Grabbendonck, X. Brabant ; 12 E. Antwerp.
Graben, X. Croatia ; 12 S. Varasdin.
Grabern,X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 6 WSW.
Leypa. H. 174.

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675

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Grabern, X. Austria ; 3 N. Sonneberg. H. 126.
Grabin, X. Silesia, in Oels ; 2 SW. Festenburg.
Grabinetz, X. Istria ; 14 NE. Pedena.
Grabo, X. Sweden, in East-Gothland ; 11 SE.
Linkioping. Grabovenitza, (Upper,) lake, Silesia, in Oels ;
6 E. Militsch.
Grabovenitza, (Lower,) lake, Silesia, in Oels ;
3 E. Militsch.
Grabow, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin, on the
Elde ; 34 W. Wismar, 80 NW. Berlin. Lon. 11.
44. E. Lat. 53. 23. N. Pop. 2,349.
Grabow, t. Foland ; 20 S. Kalisch. H. 135.
Grabowietz, X. Aust. Galicia ; 16 S. Chelm.
Grabusa small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
NW. coast of the island of Candia. Lon. 23. 33.
E. Lat. 35. 40. N. It is now a garrison, gene
rally furnished with 1,000 men.
Gragay, X. France, in Cher ; 9 SW. Vierzon,
12 NNW. Issoudun. Pop. 522.
Grachuris, now Agreda.
Graceham, p-t. Frederick co. Md.; W. 81.
Grace Hill, missionary station, S. Africa.
Gracias a Dois, X. Guatimala, in Honduras, at
the mouth of a river, which communicates with
the bay of Honduras ; 140 E. Guatimala. Lon.
90. 6. W. Lat. 14. 30. N.
• Gradeck, X. Russia, in Grodno ; 20 SSW.
Grodno. Grades, or Gradus, X. Carinthia ; 5 N. Gurck,
5 W. Freisach.
Gradetz, X. Switz., in the Valais ; 6 E. Sion.
Gradigna, X. Istria ; 7 SSE. Capo d'Istria.
Gradisca, X. Austria, in Goritz, capital of a
district, on the Lisonzo ; 5 S. Goritz, 182 SSW.
Vienna. Lon. 13. 25. E. Lat. 45. 54. N. Pop.
805. Pop, of the territory, 33,713.
Gradisca, or Gradisg, X. Sclavonia, on foe
river Save, near the borders of Croatia; 132
W. Belgrade, 170 S. Vienna. Lon. 17. 50. E.
Lat. 45. 10. N. Pop. 200. It is surrounded with
fortifications. Gradisca, v. Italy, in Friuli ; 10 WSW. Udina.
Pop. 1 ,000. Near it the Austrians were defeated
by the French, in 1797.
Gradisca, (New,) X. Sclavonia, on the Save ;
4 NNW. Gradisca. Pop. 1,360.
Gradischk, X. Stiria ; 1 Windisch Gratz.
Gradista, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
borders of Servia ; 40 S. Viddin.
Gradisello, X. Italy ; 8 S. Breno.
Gradiszle, t. Walachia ; 48 NE. Galacz. Lon.
27. 19. E. Lat. 45. 23. N.
Graditz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 12 N.
Konigingratz. H. 114. This town was burned
by Zisca.
Grado, X. Spain, Asturia ; 10 NW, Oviedo.
Grado, small isl. in the gulf of Venice, near
the coast of Friuli, with a town, where foe Ve
netian patriarch first had his see. Lon. 13* 24.
E. Lat 45. 40. N. Fop. of the town, 2,133»
Gradwein, X. Stiria ; 6 NNW. Gratz. JC
Gracia Magna, the SE. part of Italy, where
the Greeks planted colonies.
Graeder Fiord, bay, West Greenland. Lon.
49. 30. W. Lat. 63. 60. N.
Graemsay, see Gremsay.
Graen, X. Hind., in Visiapour ; 24 S. Currer.
Grantzgraben, r. Silesia, which runs into the
river Schwartze, 1 NW. Cranst.

Grdesatz, X. Croatia ; 30 S. Bihacs.
Graf one of the smaller Western islands of
Scotland, on W. coast of Lewis. Lon. 6. 53. W.
Lat. 58. 14. N.
Grafaberg, X. Austria; 5 SW. Schrattentaal.
Grafendorf t. Austria, on the Bielach; 4 S.
StPoIten. H. 73.
Grafenhaynchen, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 11 SE.
Dessau, 11 SSW. Wittenberg. Pop. 970.
Grafenschlag,X. Austria; 4 S. Zwetl.
Grafenthal, X. Ger., in Coburg ; 7 S. Saalfeld,
52 SW. Altenburg. Lon. 11. 26. E. Lat. 50. 29.
N. Pop. 1,180.
Grafenworth, X. Austria ; 11 SW. Sonneberg.
Pop. 1,753.
Grafen Tonna, X. Gotha; 8. N. Gotha. P. 1,100.
Grafenau, X. Bav., 22 N. Passau. Pop. 577.
Graffenberg, X. Bav. ; 11 SE. Forcheim, 15
NE. Nuremberg. Pop. 990.
Graffenberg, X. Upper Carniola ; 19 SE. Lay
bach. Graffenbuhl, X. Bav. ; 7 NNW. Anspach.
Graffendorf, t. Stiria ; 4 N. Hardberg.
Graffendorf X. Ger., in Meiningen ; 3 N. Sal:
zungen. Graffeneck, t. Austria ; 10 SW. Sonneberg.
Graffenrent, X. Bav.; 5 E. Wunsiedel.
Graffenwarkmark, X. Carniola; 4 S. Gottschee.
Grafrath, X. Pru. Dusseldorf ; 20 E. Dussel
dorf. Pop. 1,644.
Grafton, p-t. Windham co. Vt.; 45 NE. Ben
nington, W. 446. Pop. 1,482.
Grafton, co. W. part of N. H.; bounded NE.
by Coos co., E. by Strafford co., S. by Hillsbo
rough and Cheshire cos., and W. by Vermont.
Pop. in i810, 28,462 ; in 1820, 32,989. Chief
towns, Haverhill and Plymouth.
Grafton, X. Grafton co. N. H., 18 SW. Ply
mouth. Pop. 1,094. On Glass mountain in this
town are found large quantities of excellent
isinglass. Grafton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass.; 8 SE.
Worcester, 40 WSW. Boston, W. 400. P. 1,154.
The Indian name of this town was Hassanimis-
co, or Hassanamesit.
Grafton, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. ; 1 1 E. Troy,
W. 376. Pop. 1,611.
Grafton, X. Medina co. Ohio. Fop. 135.
Grafton Island, the most northerly of the
Bashee Islands, in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 239.
W. Lat. 21. 4. N.
Gragevskoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan, on
the Irtisch ; 240 SSW. Kolivan. Lon. 79. 14. E.
Lat. 50. 15. N.
Graglia,X. Piedmont, near Biela. Pop. 2,577.
Gragnano, X. Lucca ; 4 NE. Lucca.
Gragnano, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 1 1
WSW. Salerno. Pop. 5,079.
Graham's Island, one of the Aladin islands, in.
the Mergui Archipelago, about 6 miles in circ.
Lat. 9. 19. N.
Graham's Moor, place, Scot, in Stirling; 3
SE. Falkirk. Here Sir William Wallace fought
his way through the English army, in foe year
1298. Graham's Town, X. in S. part of Africa, in
Albany. Grain Coast, or Malaguelta, or Pepper Coast,
countiy of Guinea, bounded W. by the Sierra
Leone country, and E. by the Ivory coast ; ex-

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tending along the Atlantic about 300 miles. The
climate is said to be unwholesome, especially
to Europeans. The productions are pease, beans,
gourds, lemons, oranges, and a kind of nut. The
palm wine and dates of this countiy are in the
greatest esteem. Cows, hogs, sheep, and goats,
are in great plenty. The aromatic plant, from
Which the coast derives its name, called Guinea
pepper, or Grains of Paradise, by the Malaguet-
ta andby the Portuguese, is a spice of the size of
hernp seed,and was regarded by the Europeans,
when they first landed on foe coast, as a deli
cious luxury.; but after the aromatics of the
east became familiar, it fell into disrepute.
Graine, isl. Eng., in the mouth of the Thames,
about 3£ miles long, and 2J broad, separated
from the coast of Kent by a narrow channel,
called the Stray, or Yenlade. It is low, flat, and
marshy; has neither town or village, but a
number of detached houses. There are some salt
works on the island. Lon. 0. 42. E. Lat.51.27. N.
Grainville, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 3 S.
Cany, 13 N. Caudebec. Pop. 1,027.
Graitz, see Greitz.
Grajo, or Grao, v. Spain ; 2 N. Valencia.
Grajuela,X. Spain, in Murcia; 17NNW. Chin
chilla. Gram, r. Thuringia, which runs into the Un-
strutt, 7 N. Erfurt.
Gram, r. Denmark, which runs into foe North
sea, 2 W. Ripen .
Gramaffetlen,X. Austria; 12SW.Freustadt
Gramata, t. Albania ; 24 S. Valona.
Gramat, X. France, Lot ; 8 SW. St. Cere, 22
NNE.Cahors. Lon.l.49.E. Lat.44.47.N.P.l,842.
Grambach, t. Bav.; 3 W. Arnstein.
Grammen, X. Flanders ; 5 SW. Deinse.
Grammont, or Geersberghe, X. Neth., in West
Flanders, built at the foot of a mountain by the
Goths, and thence called Gotteghem ; 10 SW.
Oudenarde, 20 W. Brussels. Pop. 5,593.
Grammum, X. Hind., in Mysore; 44 NW. Se
ringapatam. Grampel, r. Pomerania, which runs into the
Ihne, at Stargard.
Grampian Mountains, mts. Scotland, which
extend across the island from the district of
Cowel in Argyleshire, on the Atlantic, to Aber
deenshire on the German ocean , along the south
ern front of the highlands, dividing Scotland in
to the two parts Highlands, fa Lowlands. They
stretch through the counties of Perth, Angus,
Kincardineshire, and Aberdeenshire. They take
their names from a single hill, the Jlfoizs Gram-
pius, of Tacitus. The following are some of the
principal summits. — Feet.
Ben Lawers, height .... 4,015
Ben More  3,903
Shecballion  3,564
Ben Voirlich  3,300
Ben Lomond  3,262
Ben Ledy  3,009
Grampound, X. Eng., in Cornwall, on the river
Falle, with a market on Saturday; 8 ENE.
Truro,244WSW.London. Lon.4.45.W. Lat.50.
18.N, Pop.601. Itsent2memberstoparliament,
till 1821, when it disfranchised for corruption.
Gramschatz, X. Bav.; 16 SW. Schweinfurt.
GramschUz,X. Silesia; 7JS.byE.Glogau. P.900.

Gramzow, X. Pru. Brandenburg; 8 SE.Prenz-
low. Pop. 1,049.
Gron, (an. Granua,) r. Hungary, which joins
the Danube, opposite to Gran.
Gran, or Esztergon, or Strigonia, royal free t.
Hungary, capital of a county of the same name,
near the conflux of the rivers Gran and Danube ;
55 SE. Presburg, 82 ESE. Vienna. Lon. 18. E.
Lat. 47. 44. N. Fop. 5,445. Abp. see. It con
tains 5 churches, a hospital, a Catholic gymna
sium, and has a manufacture of magnesia. The
archbishop of Gran is primate of Hungary. —
Pop. of the county, 46,700. Sq. m. 415. Pro
duce, wine, grain, fac
Gran, small island, on W. side ofthe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon 17. 22. E. Lat. 62. 1. N.
Gran, see Koueit.
Gran Sasso, mt. Naples, in Abruzzo ; 10 N.
Aquila. It is the highest in the chain of the
Apennines ; 8,250, or according to another
statement, 8,791 feet above the level of the sea.
From its top may be seen the Adriatic and
Tuscan seas.
Grana, s-p. Spain, in Galicia; 2 W. Ferrol.
Lon. 8.15. W. Lat. 43. 29. N.
Grana, t. Piedmont , 12 ESE. Asta.
Granada, see Grenada.
Granado, (El,) X. Spain, in Seville; 15 N;
Ayamonte. Granal, X. Spain, in Leon ; 28 SE. Leon.
Granard, t. Ireland, in Longford; 11 NEi
Longford, 16 S. Cavan.
Granasuola, X. Italy ; 6 N. Faenza.
Granalan, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 12 NE.
Freyberg. Granby, X. Essex co. Vt. ; 60 NE. Montpelier.
Pop. 49.
Granby, t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 9 ESE.
Northampton, 90 W. Boston. Pop. 1,066. In
this town and South Hadley there are exten
sive open plains and fields, on which are annu
ally raised for market about 30,000 bushels of
rye. Granby, p-t Hartford co. Ct. ; 10 W. Suffield,
16 NW. Hartford, 18 SW. Springfield, W. 360.
Pop. in 1810, 2,696 ; in 1820, 3,010. It is a
good agricultural township, and contains 5
houses of public worship, 2 Congregational, 1
Episcopalian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist. — The
strate prison, styled Newgate, is on Copper hill
in this township. It is a subterraneous abode in
a cavern, originally excavated by digging for
copper ore. Several buildings are erected over
the mines, enclosed by a wall of stone and
mortar. As a place of confinement it is very
effectual, and not unhealthy. The prisoners,
generally about 60 or 70, are chiefly employed
in making nails.
Granby, X. on W. side of the Oswego ; 12
SSE. Oswego, 160 W. by N. Albany. Pop. 555.
Granby, p-t. Lexington district, S. C, on the
Congaree, opposite Columbia, W. 509.
Granby Bay, bay on N. coast of Dominica.
Lon. 61. 25. W. Lat. 15. 42. N.
Grancey, X. France, in C6te-d'Or ; 4 NW. Is
sur Tille, 21 SE. Chatillon sur Seine. Pop. 687.
Grand, X. France, in Vosges ; 9 W. Neufcha-
teau. Pop. 1,079.
Grand Anse, or Jeremie, t. in W. part of His
paniola, Lon. 74 6. W. Lat. 18. 16. N. The-

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677

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town is well built ; but the road is so bad, that
vessels, to escape the wind, are compelled to
take shelter behind Cape Donna Maria.
Grand-Boug-Salagnac, X. France, in Creuse ;
14 W. Guerct. Pop. 2,525.
Grand Bank of Newfoundland. Lon. 49. 45.
to 54. 45. W. Lat. 41. 50. to 50. 24. N. This
noted fishing bank extends from N. to S. and is
almost of a triangular shape. Between it and
the island on the west there is abroad channel
of deep water.
Grand Bay, bay on S. coast of Newfound
land, a little to S. of Cape Ray.
Grand Champ, X. France, in Morbihan ; 7
NNW. Vannes, 8 NE. Auray. Pop. 4,150.
Grand Chartreuse, see Chartreuse. -
Grand Isle, co. NW. part of Vt. Pop. in 1810,
4,445 ; in 1820, 3,527. It is composed of isl
ands in lake Champlain ; the largest are North
and South Hero.
Grand Isle, p-t. Grand Isle co Vt. ; 77 NW.
Montpelier, W. 538. Pop. 898.
Grand Isle, isl. N. Y., Niagara river, extend
ing from 3 miles below Black Rock to within
1£ m. of the falls ; partly in Erie and partly in
Niagara cos. ; 12 miles long, from 2 to 7 broad ;
containing 48,000 acres. It is covered with
heavy timber, and the soil is said lo be well
adapted to cultivation. A considerable number
of families have settled upon it within a few
years. — It is the property of the state.
Grand Foro, t. Africa, on the Slave Coast.
Grand Key, small isl. among the Bahamas.
Lon. 77. 48. W. Lat. 26. 54. N.
Grand Lake, lake, Louisiana. Lon. 93. 5. W.
Lat. 32. N.
Grand Lake, or Chilnucook -Lake, on E. side
of Maine, at the sources of the St. Croix.
Grande Island, isl. in the Atlantic, on the
coast of Brazil ; 16 miles long, and 2 broad.
Lat. 23. 15. S.
Grande River, r. Africa, which runs into the
Indian sea, Lat. 2. 8. S.
Grande River, r. Sicily, which runs into the
Mediterranean on the N. side the island, Lon.
14. 54. E. Lat. 38. 3. N.
Grand River, r. Michigan, which flows into
lake Michigan, 20 N. of Iroquois river. It is of
considerable size, and waters one of the best
tracts of country in Michigan.
Grand River, r. Upper Canada, which runs
into lake Erie, 34 W. Fort Erie, Lon. 80. 8. W.
Lat 42. 55. N.
Grand River, r. Missouri, which runs S. into
the Missouri, 240 miles from the Mississippi. It
is navigable for boats about 600 miles.
Grand River, r. Arkansas, which runs SE.
into the Arkansas. It is navigable about 200
miles. Grand River, or Geauga, r. in NE. part of
Ohio, which runs into lake Erie, 3 miles below
Painesville. Grand River, r. Canada, which runs into the
Detroit, Lon. 82. 42. W. Lat. 42. 34. N.
Grand River, see Ouse.
Grand River, r. Canada, which runs into the
St. Lawrence, Lon. 73. 50. W. Lat. 47. 3. N.
Grande River, or Rio Grande, r. Africa, which
runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 13. 50. W. Lat. 1 l.N.
Grand Sone, X. France, in Doubs ; 4 E. Be
sancon, 7 N. Ornans.

Grand Traverse, string or range of islands in
lake Michigan ; they are mostly small and rocky.
Many of the rocks are of an amazing size, and
appear as if they had been fashioned by the
hands of artists. On the largest and best of
these islands stands a town of the Ottoways.
Grand View,X. Washington co.Ohio. Pop.351.
Grandcour,X. Switz., Vaud; 10 W. Friburg.
Pop. 1,529.
Grandcourt, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 12
N. Neufchatel, 15 E. Dieppe. Pop. 602.
Grande, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 21 NW.
Drontheim. Grandes Isletles, (Les,) X. France, Meuse ; 4
W. Glermont en Argonne, 8 E. St. Menehould.
Graudshagen, X. Pru. Pomerania ; 2 NW.
Greiffenberg. Grandfathers, ridge of mountains in the wes
tern part of N. Carolina, part of the Alleghany.
Lon. 82. 8. W. Lat. 25. 50. N.
Grandluci, X. France, in Sarte ; 14 SE. le
Mans. Pop. 2,045.
Grandmont, X. France, Upper Vienne ; near
which was a celebrated abbey, which was sup
pressed in the year 1769, after the death of the
then professed members ; 15 NE. Limoges.
Grandola, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 27
SE. Setuval. H. 800.
Grandon, X. Geauga co. Ohio, at the mouth
of Grand river, in the township of Painesville.
Grandpri, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Ardennes; 27 SSE. Mezieres, 33 E.
Reims. Lon. 4. 27. E. Lat. 49. 20. N. Pop. 1,350.
Grandrieux, X. France, in Lozere ; 10 NW.
Langogne, 15 E. St. Chely. Pop. 1,560.
Grandvelle, X. France, in Upper Saone; 9 S.
Vesoul. Grandville, p-t. Monongalia co. Va. ; W. 212.
Grandville, (La,) X. France, in Moselle ; 3
SW. Longwy, 4 NNE. Longuion.
Grandville, or Granville, s-p. France, Chan
nel ; 12 NW. Avranches, 13 SSW. Coutances
Lon. 1. 32. W. Lat. 48. 50. N. Pop. 5,454. The
harbour is capable of receiving only about 60
small vessels. The town is situated on a sharp
rock, forming a peninsula, of an oval form, and
surrounded with walls ; it has 2 gates, and 2
fauxbourgs. Grand Villier, X. France, principal place of a
district, in Oise ; 14 NNW. Beauvais, 14 W.
Breteuil. Lon. 2. 2. E. Lat. 49. 39. N. Pop. 1,633.
Grandwalden, t. Norway, in the diocess of
Christiania ; 26 S. Christiania.
Granen, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 13 S. Huesca.
Granena, X. Spain, Catalonia ; 10 S. Lerida.
Graneskaia, fortress, Russia, on the Volga, in
Saratov ; 92 SE. Tzaritzin.
Grange, X. France, Vosges ; 5 SE. Bruyeres,
15 E. Epinal.
Grange le Bourg, X. France, in Upper Saone ;
7 SSE. Lure.
Grange, X. Sweden, in Dalecarlia; 33 SW,
Fahlun. Grange, (La,) cape on N. coast of Hispani
ola. Lon. 72. 30. W. Lat. 19. 55. N.
Grangemouth, X. Scot., in Stirling, at E. ex
tremity of the canal between the Clyde and the
Forth ; 3 ENE. Falkirk, 5 NW. Borrowston-
ness. Pop. 800.
Grange Point, cape on S. coast ofthe Isle of
Wight. Lon. 1. 15. W. Lat. 50. 38. N.

GRA

678

GRA

Granger, co. East Tennessee. Pop in 1810,
6,397. Pop. in 1820, 7,651 ; slaves 656. Chief
town, Riitledge.
Granger, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake
Erie, at the mouth of Rocky river ; 7 W. Cleve
land, W. 379.
Granger, X. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 217.
Grangersvilkr p-v. Harden co. Kentucky ; 87
Frankfort, W. 653.
Granges, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne; 6
E. Tonneins.
Granhult, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 35 NW.
Calmar. Granicus, now Ousvola.
Graninge, X. Sweden, in Angermannland, on
a lake ; 40 NW. Hernosand.
Granilz, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 7 SSW.
Freyberg. Granitza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, between
Thiva and the town of Livadia.
Granna, X. Sweden, in Smaland; 18 NNE.
Jonkioping. Pop. 536.
Granollers, X. Spain, in Catalonia ; 18 NNE.
Barcelona. Granon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 18. 56. E. Lat. 63. 18. N.
Gronon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon! 17. 5. E. Lat. 61. 5. N.
Gransee, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 15 ENE. New
Ruppin, 30 NNW. Berlin. Lon. 13. 13. E. Lat.
62. 59. N. Pop. 1,846.
Granskevitz, X. Pomerania; 12 NW. Rugen.
Granso, isl. in the Baltic, near E. coast of
Sweden. Lon. 16. 5. E. Lat. 57. 46. N.
Granston, small lake, N. C. ; 25 W. Exeter.
Granson, X. Switz., in Vaud, and capital of a
Jbailiwick, on the lake of Neufchatel ; 16 SW.
Neufchatel. Lon. 6. 26. E- Lat. 46.50. N. Pop.
2,148. It has a gymnasium, and is famous for
a victory obtained by the Swiss over Charles
foe Bold, in 1476.
Grant, co. Ken. Pop. 1,805.
Granta, see Cam.
Grantham, (New,) X. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 13
SSE. Dartmouth College. Pop. 1,032.
Grantham, X. Eng., in Lincoln, situated on
the rivfer Witham, in the road from London to
York; 30 S. Lincoln, 110 N. London. Lon. 1.
37. W. Lat. 52. 55. N. Pop. 3,646. It sends two
members to parliament. The steeple of foe
church, which terminates in a spire, is 273 feet
in height.
Grantsville, p-v. Greene co. Georgia, W. 650.
Grantown, X. Scot., in Murray ; 17 S. Fores.
Pop. 400.
Grantzwasser, r. Saxony, which runs into the
Elster, 2 SW. Muckenburg, in Meissen.
Granville, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 14 WSW.
Springfield, 110 WSW. Boston, W. 368. Pop.
1,643. Granville, p-t Washington co. N. Y., border
ing' on Vermont , 12 SE. Whitehall, 60 NE.
Albany, W. 410. Pop. 3,727. This is a large and
excellent agricultural township, and contains 3
small villages and an academy. A quarry of
marble is found here.
Granville, co. N. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
15,576 ; slaves 7,746. Pop. in 1820, 18,222.
Chief town, Williamsborough.
Granville, p-t Licking co. Ohio, on the mid

dle fork of Licking river; 7 W. Newark, 27 E.
by N. Columbus, 32 W. Zanesville, W. 400.
Pop. 199. Here is a, furnace.
Granville, (North,) or Fairvale, p-v. in Gran
ville, Washington co. N. Y. ; 61 NNE. Albany,
W. 423.
Granville, X. France, in Upper Saone ; 9 SW.
Vesoul, 15 ENE. Gray.
Granville, see Grandville.
Granville's River, r. isl. of Egmont, or New
Guernsey, which runs into the sea, Lon. 163.
58. E. Lat. 10. 42. S.
Granza, X. Africa, in Mogadoxa.
Granzow, X. Brandenburg ; 8 SE. Prenzlow.
Grarah, t. Africa, in Beni Mezzab ; 60 NW.
Guergela. Grasholm, one of the smaller Orkney islands ;
half a mile S. Shapinsha.
Graslilz, t. Bohemia, in Elnbogen ; 17 NE.
Eger, 75 NW. Prague. Lon. 12. 30. E. Lat. 50.
18. N. Pop. 3,317.
Grasmark, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 42 N.
Carlstadt. Grason, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, near the
coast of Sweden, 15 miles long, and 2 wide.
Lon. 18. 24. E. Lat. 60. 22. N.
Grass, or Lo Grass, r. in St. Lawrence co.
N. Y., which runs into the St Lawrence, near
St. Regis isl. Length, 125 miles.
Grass Cove, creek on the coast of New Zea
land, where the boat's crew of the Adventurer
were murdered by the natives in the year 1773.
Grassano, X. Naples, in Basilcata ; 18 ESE.
Acerenza. Grasse, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Var; 9 WNW. Antibes, 15 WSW. Nice.
Lon. 6. 66. E. Lat. 43. 39. N. Pop. 12,531.
The principal trade of the inhabitants is in dry
fruit, olives, oil, perfumes, and leather.
Grasse, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Aude ; 20 SW. Narbonne, 25 NNW.
Perpignan. Lon. 2. 42. E. Lat. 43. 5. N. Pop.
1,147. Grassena, X. Piedmont ; 18 E. Aosta.
Grasselh Orth, X. Austria ; 6 SE. Voglapruck.
Gratham, see Brelchen.
Gralchi, t. Russia, in foe Country of the Cos
acs ; 20 NW. Tzaritzin.
Gralianopolis, now Grenoble.
Graliosa, one of the smaller Canary islands,
in the Atlantic. Lon. 13. 17. W. Lat 29. 15. N.
Graliosa, one of the Azores islands, about 10
miles long, and 8 broad, taking its name from
its beauty and fertility in com, fruit, pasture,
and cattle; supplying Tercera and several of
the other islands with a great part of its pro
duce. It is well peopled, and has a number of
villages, with forts for the defence ofthe coast.
The principal place is La Plata. Lon. 27. 56.
W. Lat. 39. 2. N. Pop. 7,515.
Gratis, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,000.
Graltstown, X. Dauphin co. Pa. Top. 168.
Gratz, p-v. Dauphin co. Pa. ; W. 182.
Gratz, or Graz, city, Austria, chief town of
Stiria, and capital of a circle of the same name.
on the river Muehr; 90 SSW. Vienna. Lon.
15. 27. E. Lat. 47. 4. N. Pop. 34,012. H. 2,656.
Bp. see. It contains 22 churches and chapels,
7 convents, 4 hospitals,, the Johanneum mu
seum, and a public library of 105,000 vols., and

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"3,500 MSS. It was foe seat of a university from
1585 to 1782, but the place of that seminary is
now supplied by a lyceum, which has most of
the characteristics of a university, having the
privilege of conferring degrees in philosophy
and theology, and has a library of 100,000 vols.
In 1815, it had 7 professors of philosophy, 9 of
theology, and 8 of medicine, and between 600
and 600 students. Here is also an important
institution founded by the present archduke
John, called foe Jonnaeum, in which lectures
are given in the several sciences. There is
likewise a gymnasium, and a large school. The
houses are mostly of stone, and the town is
generally well built, and the surrounding coun
try is very pleasant and fertile. The manufac
tures are considerable — hardware, stoneware,
leather, saltpetre, cotton, and silk. — Pop. of the
circle, 293,318. H. 56,335. Sq. m. 2,075.
Gratz, or Hradetz, X. Aust Silesia, in Trop
pau, on the Mora; 4 S. Troppau, 30 W. Tes
chen. Lon. 17. 50. E. Lat. 49.47. N.
Gratzarnilza, X. Bosnia ; 30 NNE. Serajo.
Gratzberg, or Graditzberg, rat. Silesia, in
Lignitz ; 15 W. Lignitz. It is of a considerable
height. The mountain was formerly called
Georgenberg. Gratzen, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 37 SSE.
Bechin, 80 S. Prague. Lon. 14. 43. E. Lat. 48.
47. N. Pop. 1,445.
Grava Sele, X. Naples, in Basilicata ; 15 E.
Venosa. Gravatten, X. Prussia, on the Curisch Ne
rung; 20 S. Memel.
Graudentz, X. Prussia, in Marienwerder, on
an island near the Vistula ; 14 NNE. Culm, 55
S. Dantzic. Lon. 18. 28. E. Lat. 53. 28. N.
Pop. 6,677. It contains 5 Catholic churches, 1
Lutheran, 2 hospitals, a Catholic gymnasium,
and a Lutheran Latin school. It was anciently
called Grodek, and in the Polish language
Grudziandz. Grove, X. Neth., in N. Brabant, in a marshy
country, on S. side of the Meuse ; 20 E. Bois
le Due, 34 SE. Utretcht Lon. 5. 41. E. Lat
51. 46. N. Pop. 1,573.
Grave en Oysans, (La,) X. France, in Higher-
Alps ; 16 NW. Brianijon. Pop. 1,829.
Grave Creek, p-v, Ohio co. Va. ; W. 282.
Grave Creek, r. Va., which flows into the
Ohio, 12 miles below Wheeling. Little Grave
Creek flows into the Ohio about a mile above.
Near the mouth of the stream is an alluvial tract
about 2 miles square, on which are found re
mains of ancient works, as tumuli, mounds,
fac. The Big Grave, so called, \ mile from the
Ohio, is a remarkable monument, 300 yards in
circ, and 100 in diameter at the base, 45 feet
in diameter at the summit, and 90 high. It con
tains many thousands of human skeletons.
Gravedona, or Gravidona, X. Italy, on lake
Como ; 42 N. Milan. Pop. 3,200.
Gravelainas, (an. Erctria,) X. on SW. coast of
the island of Negropont ; 10 SE. Negropont.
Gravelines, s-p. France, in North, on the
English channel, at the mouth of the river Aa ;
9 WSW. Dunkirk, 39 NW. Lille. Lon. 2. 8. E.
Lat 50. 59. N. Pop. 2,727. It is not large, but
well fortified, with bastions, half-moons, and
horn-work.

Gravellano, t. Italy ; 13 S. Domo d'Oscello,
30 N. Novara.
Gravelotte, X. France, in Moselle ; 4 N. Gorze,
6 SW. Metz.
Graven, t. Norway, in foe diooess of Bergen ;
42 SSW. Bergen.
Gravenau, X. Bav.; 20 N. Passau, 66 ESE.
Ratisbon. Lon. 13. 22. E. Lat 48. 48. N.
Gravenbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Na-
he, at Creutznach.
Gravenhorst, t. Pru. ; 4 NE. Rhetor.
Gravenmacheren, or Grevenmacheren, t. Neth,
Luxemburg, on the Moselle, in a pleasant and-
fertile country ; 12 SW. Treves, 15 ENE. Lux
emburg. Pop. 1,971.
Gravenwert, X. Bavaria ; 15 N. Amberg.
Gravesande, X. Holland, about 4 miles from
the sea, where the ancient counts of Holland
generally resided ; 6 WSW. Delft Pop. 748.
Gravesend, X. Kings co. N. Y., on W. end of
Long island ; 9J S. New- York. Pop. 534.—
Gravesend beach is a place of resort for pleasure.
Gravesend, X. Eng., in Kent, on S. side of the
Thames, and the first port on that river; 9
WNW. Rochester, 22 E. London. Lon. 0. 22.
E. Lat. 51.27. N. Pop. 3,119. The gardens
round this town are very rich.
Graveson, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
5 NE. Tarascon. Pop. 1,600.
Gravina, X. Naples, in Bari ; 9 W. Matera, 24
S. Trani. Pop. 8,673. Bp. see.
Gravina's Islands, range of islands in the N.
Pacific ocean, consisting of 3 pinnacles, each
from 20 to 50 miles in circ, with some islets
between, stretching NW. to SE. about 40 miles
in length, between the Duke of Clarence's strait
and the canal of Revilla Gigedo. Lon. 228. 24.
to 229. 5. E. Lat. 54. 52. to 55. 27. N.
Graviskoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan, on the
Irtisch ; 240 SSW. Kolivan. Lon. 79. 14. E,
Lat. 50. 15. N.
Graulhet,X. France, in Tarn ; 9 NE. Lavaur,
15 NW. Castres. Pop. 1,600.
Graupen, v. Moravia, which runs into the
Marsch, 5 N. Schomberg.
Graus, X. Spain, in Catalonia ; 15 NNE. Bal
bastro. Grauszyszki, X. Lithuania ; 28 SE. Wilna.
Gray, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine ; 18 N.
Portland, 130 NNE. Boston, W. 571. Pop.
1,479. Here is a woollen manufactory.
Gray, t. France, principal place of a district,
in Upper-Sa6ne, on the Saone, navigable for
boats to Lyons ; 7 posts SSE. Langres, 41 SSE.
Paris. Lon. 53. 40. E. Lat. 47. 27. N. P. 5,009.
Grays, or Grayes-Thurrock, X. Eng., in Essex,
on the Thames, opposite Dartford ; market on
Thursday; 12 SE. Rumford, 24 E. London.
Lon. 0. 19. E. Lat. 51. 30. N. Pop. 677.
Gray's Harbour, port or bay, on W. coast of
N. America. Lon. 123. 53. W. Lat. 47. N.
Grayson, co. SW part of Va. ; bounded
NNW. by Washington and Wythe co., NE. by
Montgomery co., SE. by Patrick co., and S by
N. C, W. 382. Pop. in 1810, 4,941 ; slaves,
270. Pop. in 1820, 5,598.
Grayson, co. Ken. Pop. in 1810, 2,301 ; slaves
103. Pop. in 1820, 4,055. Chief town, Litch
field. Grazalema, X. Spain, in Grenada; 8 W. Ron
da. Pop. 5,000.

GRE

680

GRE

Grazay le Bois, X. France, in Mayenne ; 5
E. Mayenne, 8 N. Evron.
Grazzano, X. Italy ; 13 SSW. Verona.
Great Aligator Dismal, swamp, N. C, S. of
Albemarle sound, containing 350,000 acres ;
much of it well adapted to the cultivation of
rice. Great Barrington, see Barrington, (Great.)
Great Bay, a bay or lake, N. H., which com
municates with lake Winnipisiogee, 7 miles long,
5 W. Winnipisiogee.
Great Bay, in SE. part of N. H. It com
mences from the Piscataqua, 5 NW. Portsmouth,
and extends SW. 7 miles. It receives the wa
ters of Exeter and Lamprey rivers.
Great Bear Lake, large lake, in NW. part of
N. A. Lon. 126. W. Lat. 56. N.
Great Bend, formerly Willingborough, p-t.
Susquehanna co. Pa., on a bend iri the NE.
branch of the Susquehanna, near New-York
line ; 12 NNE. Montrose, 80 W. by N. New-
burgh, 110 NW. New- York. It has a pleasant
and advantageous situation, on the road from
Newburg to Buffalo.
Great Bridge, p-v. Norfolk co. Va. ; W- 239.
Great Crossings, p-v. Scott co. Ken., on Elk-
horn river; 12 NNW. Lexington, W. 575. Here
is an academy.
Great Haystack, mt. N. H., partly in NE. cor
ner of Franconia.
Greot Hog Neck Island, isl. N. Y., E. of Long
island, forming a town with Shelter island.
Great Island, isl. N. H., at the mouth of the
Piscataqua. See Newcastle.
Great Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near N. coast of the isle of Flores. Lon. 120.
64. E. Lat. 7. 59. S.
Great Island, island, Ireland, situated in foe
river Lee ; 5 miles long, and from 1 to 3 wide;
8 E. Cork.
Greot Mills, p-v. St. Mary's co. Md. ; W, 77.
Great River, see Orange River.
Great Salt Works, p-v. Westmoreland co.Pa.;
211 Harrisburg, W. 208.
Great Valley, X. Cataraugus co. N. Y. P. 271.
Grealman's Bay, bay, Ireland, on N. coast of
Galway bay ; 6 N. South Arran islands.
Greatham Fleet, i. Eng., which rises in the
county of Durham, and runs into the German
sea, 5 S. Hartlepool.
Greatworks, rivulet, Maine, 10 miles long,
which flows into the Penobscot, on E. side,
-opposite Marsh island.
Grebanish Head, cape, Scot, on E. coast of
the peninsula of Harris. Lon. 6. 43. W. Lat.
57. 48. N.
Greben, X. Pru. Dantzic ; 6 SE. Dantzic.
Grebenau, X. Ger., in Hesse Darmstadt ; 25
NE. Giessen, 35 S. Cassel. Lon. 9. 31. E. Lat.
50. 43. N. Pop. 693.
Grebendorf t. Bavaria ; 3 NE. Gemunden.
Grebenstein, X. Hesse Cassel ; 12 NW. Cassel,
16 NNE. Naumburg. Lon. 9.22. E. Lat. 51. 26.
N. Pop. 1,874.
Grebna, X. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly; 50 N.
by E. Joannina, 56 SW. Salonica. It is a place
of considerable traffic.
Greci, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra, founded
by a colony of Albanians, who fled their coun
try after foe death of their prince George Cas-
triot, near Ariano.

Greding, X. Bavaria, on foe Schwarzach ; 13
NE. Aichstatt. Pop. 1,783.
Gree, X. Persia, Segestan ; 20 SW. Meimend.
GREECE, mairtime country, Europe, once
highly celebrated, but subject since the 15th
century to the Turks, surrounded on all sides,
except the north, by the sea ; between Lat. 36.
and 42. N.
Ancient divisions. The ancient general divi
sions of Greece were Macedonia, Epirus, Thes
saly, Greece Proper, and the Peloponnesus. —
Greece Proper included Attica, Megaris, Bceo-
tia, Phocis, Locris, Doris, and iEtolia.
Modern divisions. The modern divisions,
which are most familiar, are Macedonia, Alba
nia, Thessaly, Livadia, and the Morea. The
Turks have divided Greece into 4 pachalics ; 1st
Tripolitza, comprising the Morea ; 2d, Egripos,
or Negropont, containing the island of that
name, and a part of the adjoining mainland ;
3d, Joannina, including Thessaly and part of
Albania; and, 4th, Salonica, including the
southern parts of Macedonia. The Seven Ionian
islands are formed into a republic, under the
protection of Great Britain. The rest ofthe
Grecian islands are subject to Turkey.
Population. The population is estimated at
between 3 and 4,000,000 ; about one half Greeks ;
the rest Albanians and Turks, with some Jews:
Towns. The principal towns are Salonica,
Joannina, Seres, Larissa, Negropont, Livadia,
Tripolitza, Misitra, and Athens.
Face of the country. The general aspect of
Greece is mountainous ; and it is intersected,
particularly in foe north, by continued ranges,
several of which are interesting for their scen
ery, but more so from their classical recollec
tions. Mountains and rivers. The most celebrated
mountains are Athos, Olympus, Pindus, (Eta,
Pelion, Ossa, Parnassus, Helicon, and Citheron.
The rivers are small, not answering in clearness
and size to the description of the ancient poets.
Some of the principal are the Achelous, Pe-
neus^ Eurotas, Pamisos, and Aous.
Climate, soil, and productions. The climate
is propitious, the air temperate, and generally
healthy. Much of the soil, both in the plains
and the mountainous parts, is very fertile ; but
agriculture is in a very backward state. The
productions are corn, cotton, silk, wool, rice,
tobacco, oil, honey, and a variety of fruits. —
Pasturage in a great part of the country is the
general mode of life.
Commerce. The commerce of" Greece is of
some importance, amounting annually to near
ly £2,000,000 sterling. It is carried on chiefly
with Germany, France, Britain, Russia, and
Italy. The principal ports are Salonica, Arta,
Prevesa, Athens, Napoli di Romania, and Hy
dra. Language. The modern Greek is called the
Romaic. It is founded on the basis of the an
cient language, having a general identity in the
radicals. Slate of the country. Instead of the cultivated
plains, the flourishing cities, and the magnifi
cent edifices of ancient Greece, little else is
presented than a series of villages composed of
wretched cottages, scattered over a thinly

GRE

681

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peopled and ill cultivated country. The mode
of travelling is on horseback, none of the roads
being passable throughout for carriages. The
inhabitants are described as active and lively,
having little information, butgreat aptitude for
acquisition, and possessing the vices naturally
generated by an oppressive and rapacious gov
ernment. Antiquities. Many parts of Greece present
remains of ancient magnificence and refine
ment, as the ruins of temples, theatres, acque-
ducts, columns, arches, walls, ,fac Ruins are
to be seen at the sites of Athens, Sparta, Ne-
mea. Mycenae, Phigaleia, Thebes, Argos, Eleu-
sis, Corinth, fac
Green, X. Frariklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,010.
Green, co,. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 10,525.
Chief town, Xenia.
Green, X. Columbiana co. Ohio, Pop. 772.
Green, X. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 905.
Green, X. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 700.
Green, t Hamilton co. Ohio. Fop. 1,456.
Green, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 1,531.
Green, X. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 582.
Green, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 125.
Green, t Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 658.
Green, X. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 917.
Green, X. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop 1,141.
Green, X. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 2,229.
Green, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 621.
Green, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 388.
Green, X. Way-ne co. Qhio. Pop. 412.
Green, co. Mississippi. Pop. 1,445.
Green, r. Ken., which rises in Lincoln co.,
and flows into foe Ohio, 61 m. above the Wa^
hash, 173 below Louisville. Its course for about
150 miles is westerly, it afterwards has a course
N. by W. Its whole length is upwards of 200
miles, and it is navigable for boats, at some sea
sons, nearly 150. The tract through which it
"flows, called the Green river country, is re
markable for its fertility, beautiful scenery, and
stupendous caves, in which are found great
quantities of nitre.
Green, co. Illinois. Chief town, Carrolton,
Green Bank, one ofthe banks near the island
of Newfoundland ; 129 miles long, and 48 wide.
Lon. 53. 30. to 55.50. W. Lat 45. 30. to 46.50. N.
Green Bay, or Puan Bay, bay, on W. side of
lake Michigan, about 100 miles long, but in
some places only 15 miles, in others, from 20
to 30 broad. It lies nearly from NE. to SW.
At the entrance of it from the lake is a string
of islands extending N. to S., called the Grand
Traverse. These are about 30 miles in length,
and serve to facilitate the passage of canoes, as
they shelter them from foe winds, which some
times come with violence across the lake.— -
Green bay is termed by foe inhabitants of its
coasts the Menominy bay. The countiy around
is occupied chiefly by foe Menominy Indians.
Green Bay, bay on E. coast of Antigua, S.
from Green island.
Green Bay, p-t. military post, and seat of jus-
tice.for Brown co. Michigan, at S.end of Green
bay, near the entrance of Fox river ; 180 SW,
Michilimackinac, 220 N. by W. Chicago, 366 E.
Prairie du Chien, by the Fox and Ouisconsin
rivers, W. 972. Lon. 87. 68. W. Lat. 45. N.
Here is a settlement, extending about 4 miles
Vol. I. " 86

along the river, consisting of about 80 families)
of a mixed race, descendants of French JesuistS,
intermarried with Indians. The soil in the vi
cinity is fertile, and the climate mild and healthy,,
Fort Brown, a U. S. military post, is situated
near the mouth of Fox river, on N. side. It
consists of a range of log barracks, surrounded
by a stockade of timber 30 feet high, with block
houses at the angles. It was garrisoned, in 182Q,
by 300 men. On foe other side of the river, 3
miles higher up, is Camp Smith, which had at
foe same time 300 infantry in cantonments,
Green Garden, p-v. Sumner co.Ten.; W.716.
Green Hill,n-v. Campbell co. Va. ; W. 249.
Green Island, isl. Canada, in the St. Lawrence,
110 m. below Quebec; cj long, and 1 broad;
with a light-house.
Green Island, island in Prince William's
sound, about 24 miles in circ, with several
small islands on its coasts, situated between
Montague island and Knight's island. Lon. 213.
7. E. Lat 60. 18. N.
Green Island, small isl. among the Philip
pines, near S. coast of Lucon. Lon. 121. 2. E.
Lat. 13. 30. N.
Green Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 123. 30. E. Lat. 6. 5. S.
Green Island, one of the smaller Bahama isl
ands. Lon. 57. W. Lat. 21. 38. N.
Green Island, low woody island, near E. coast
of New Holland ; 12 ENE. Cape Grafton. Lon.
214. 5. W. Lat 16.48. S.
Green Islands, cluster of small islands, in the
S. Pacific ocean. Lon. .154. 5,0. E. Lat 4. 53. S.
Green Islands, range of small islarids in that
part of foe E. Indian sea, called the Sea of Min
doro, near E. coast of Palawan. Lon. 119. 6. E.
Lat. 9. 33. N.
Green Island, small isl. Eng., in Pool harbour.
Green Island, isl. in Hudson's bay^ Lob. 72.
40. W. Lat. 61. 2. N.
Green Island, island in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Maine. Lon. 67. 23. W. Lat 44. 41. N.
Green Island, small isl. near E. coast of An
tigua. Lon. 61. 21. W. Lat. 17. 13. N.
Green Island, small isl. in the West Indies, 1
NE. St. Thomas.
Green Island Harbour, bay on W. coast of Ja
maica. Lon. 78. n. W. Lat. 18.24. N.
Green Key, or Puerco, small island among the
Bahamas. Lon. 77.50. W. Lat 23. 56. N.
Green Mountains, range of mountains, which
commence in Canada, and extend S. through
Vermont, Massachusetts, fa Connecticut They
divide the waters which flow into the Connec
ticut, from those which flow into lake Chamr:
plain and the Hudson. Among foe highest sum
mits in Vermont, are Mansfield mountain, Cam
el's rump, and K ill i ngton peak. West rock, near
New Haven, Ct., is the southern termination of
thechain. The natural growth upon these moun
tains, is hemloqk, pine, spruce, and other ever
greens, and they derive their names from their
green appearance. There are many fine farms
among these mountains, and much of the land
upon them is excellent for grazing.
Green Mountains, mountains, Va.; 70 SW
Washington. Lon. 78. 20. W. Lat. 38. 10. N.
Green Point, cape on W. coast of Africa. Lat.
J 1 . 53. S.
Green Point, cape, on the coast of West

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Florida, in Pensacola bay. Lon. S7. 4. W. Lat.
30. 31. N.
Green, or Groene River, r. Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic, between the Cape of Good
Hope and Saldanha bay, Lat. 30. 30. S.
Green River, r. New Brunswick, which runs
into the St. John, Lon. 67. 58. W. Lat. 47. 20. N.
Green River, r. which rises in Vt, and joins
Deerfield rivet, in Deerfield, Mass.
Green River, r. Canada, which runs into the
river St. Lawrence, 100 miles below Quebec.
Green Turtle Key, small isl. among the Baha
mas. Lon. 77. 59. W. Lat. 26. 40. N.
Green Valley, p-v. Bath co. Va. W. 200.
Greenae, X. Denmark, in North Jutland ; 28
NE. Aarhuus. Pop. 800.,
Greenbrier, co. Va., bounded NNW. by Ken
hawa co., NE. by Randolph co., E. by Bath co.,
S. by Monroe co., and SW. by Giles co. Pop.
in 1810, 5,914 ; slaves, 494. Pop. in 1820, 7,041.
Chief town, Lewisburg.
Greenbrier, r Va., which unites with the Ken
hawa, opposite New river!
Greenbush, p-v. Windsor co. Vt. ; 68 Montpe
lier, W. 456.
Greenbush, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y., on E.
bank of the Hudson, opposite Albany; 6 S.
Troy, W. 357. Pop. 2,764. The U. S. have
large barracks in this town, about a mile from
the ferry.
Greencaslle, p-t. Franklin co. Pa.; llS.Cham-
bersburg, 146 W. Philadelphia, W. 81. It is a
handsome arid flourishing town, and contains 3
houses of public worship, a bank, and has some
trade. Greencaslle, t.Fairfield co. Ohio; lONW.Lan-
castcr, 18 SE. Columbus.
Greene, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine ; 24 SW.
Augusta, 150 NNE. Boston, W.594. Pop. 1,309.
Greene, co. N. Y., bounded NW. by Schoharie
co., N. by Albany co., E. by the Hudson, S.by
Ulster co., and W. by Delaware co. Pop. in
1810, 19,536; in 1820, 22,996. Chief town,
Catskill. Greene, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y.; 12 S. Nor
wich, 120 WSW. Albany, W. 314. Pop. 2,590.
Greene, co. SW. corner of Pa., bounded N. by
Washington co., E. by Fayette co., S. fa W. by
Virginia. Pop. in 1810, 12,544 ; in 1820, 15,554.
Chief town, Waynesborough. .
Greene, X. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,801.
- Greene, X. Beaver co.Pa. Pop. 1 j 1 94.
Greene, X. Adams co. Ohio. Fop. 67S.
Greene, p-t. Stark co. Ohio ; W. 326.
Greene, co. N. C Pop. in 1810, 4,867 ; slaves,
1,842. Pop. in 1820, 4,533.
Greene, co. central part of Ken. Pop. in 1810,
6,735; slaves, 1,401. Pop. in 1820, 11,943. Chief
town, Greensburg.
Greene, co. in E. end of E. Tennessee. Pop.
in 1810,9,713; slaves,656. Pop. in 1820,11,324;
slaves, 829. Chief town, Greenville.
Greene eo. central part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 11,679; slaves, 5,236. Pop. in 1820, 13,589.
Chief town, Greensborough.
Greene, co. Alabama. Pop. 4,554. Chief town,
Erie. Greenfield, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H.; 14
NW. Amherst, 40 SW. Concord, W. 471 . P. 974.
Greenfield, p-t. fa cap. Franklin co. Mass., on

W. bank of the Connecticut ; 20 SI Brattlebor-
ough, 21 N. Northampton, 95 WNW. Boston,
W. 406. Fop. in 1810, 1,167; in 1820, 1,361.
ft is situated in a pleasant and fertile tract of
country, and contains a court house, a jail, a
printing office, a cotton manufactory, an oil
mill, and 3 religious societies, 2 Congregational,
and 1 Episcopal. The village is situated about
1 J m. from the river. It is very pleasant, hand
somely built, and flourishing, and has considera
ble trade.
Greenfield, p-t, Saratoga co. N. Y.; 12 N.
Ballston, 36 N. Albany, W. 403. Pop. 3,024.
Greenfield, X. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,141.
Greenfield, X. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 281.
Greenfield, X. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 712.
Greenfield, p-v. Highland co. Ohio; 22 W.
Chillicothe, 74 NE. Cincinnati, W. 423.
Greenfield, X. Gallia co.- Ohio. Pop. 326.
Greenfield, X. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 338.
Greenfield, p-v. Nelson co. Va.; W. 162.
Greenfield Hill, see Fairfield, Ct.
Greenholm, one ofthe smaller Orkney islands;
2 SW. Eda. .
Greenholm, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
E. of Shetland; 10 NNE. Lerwick. Lon. 1. 10.
W. Lat. 60. 20. N.
Greenland, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H.; S. of
Great Bay; 5 SW. Portsmouth, W. 495. Lon.
70. 51. W. Lat. 43. 3. N. Pop. 634.
Greenland Cove, small bay, on the coast of
Maine. Lon. 69. 18. W. Lat. 43. 58. N.
Greenland, countiy, situated between the
straits of Davis and Frobisher, and Iceland. It
is not ascertained whether it is a peninsula Or
an island, though it is generally thought to be
joined, in its NW. part, with the continent of
N. America. It lies between 4 deg. and 55 deg.
W. Lon. Cape Farewell, the most S. point, is in
Lon. 42. 42. W. Lat. 49. 38. N. The discove
ries have extended to Lat. 78. N. The northern
limits are not known. Its breadth from E. to W.
is about 1,200 miles. The eastern coast is called
East Greenland, the western, West Greenland.
A colony from Iceland established themselves
on the west coast in the 8th or 9th century,
and it has been increased by Norwegians and
Danes. The Moravians have 11 missionaries
here. The number of people in the colony was
stated in 1802, at 5,621 ; and including the Mo
ravian settlements and the natives, mostly con
verted to Christianity, the total population of
the western coast was estimated at 20,000.
Nothing is known respecting foe inhabitants on
the eastern coast. The climate is very cold,
and the country is mountainous : generally
barren, but some parts are tolerably fertile, and
the sea is well stored with fish. The country
abounds in rein-deer, arctic foxes, white bears,
sea-wolves, sea-dogs, and sea-cows. It is valu
able chiefly on account of its whale fishery.
Among its exports are feathers, eider-down,
horns of sea unicorns, skins of seals, foxes, white
bears, and reindeer.
Greenlaw, X. Scot., in Berwick ; 20 WSW.
Berwick, 40 SE. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,270.
Greenock, s-p. Scot, in Renfrew, on the Clyde;
47 N. Ayr, 67 W. Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 49. W. Lat.
55. 56. N. Pop. in 1757, 3,900 ; in 181 1, 19,042.
In the beginning of the 18th century, Greenock

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683

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was a small village of thatched cottages ; it is
now a flourishing town, the principal seaport in
Scotland, and has an extensive commerce. The
shipping registered here on foe 10th Oct. 1818,
amounted to 40,195 tons ; 55,337 tons of British
shipping were the preceding 12 months entered
inwards, and 65,624 cleared outwards. The
harbour is spacious and commodious, capable
of containing 500 sail of ships. From the West-
Indies the merchants import rum, sugar, ma
hogany, cotton, fac. ; from America, rice, naval
stores, pot-ashes, timber, fac. ; from Portugal,
wine and fruit; from foe Baltic, timber; and
other articles from other parts. Their exports
consist in coals, herrings, and British manufac
tures. Packets sail by the canal to Leith, Dun
dee, London, to all the north parts of the High
lands, and the isles as far as Orkney ; and by the
Irish channel to Liverpool.
Greenore Point, cape, Ireland, in Wexford, in
the Irish sea. Lon. 6. 18. W. Lat. 52. 16. N.
Greensborough, p-t. Orleans co. Vt.; 32 NNE.
Montpelier, W. 552. Pop. 625.
Greensborough, p-t. Caroline co. Md., on W.
side of the Choptank;,22 SE. Chester, W. 103.
Greensborough, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.; W.
305. Greensborough, p-t. Guilford co. N. C. ; W.346.
Here is an academy.
Grecnsborough,p-X.h cap. Greene co. Georgia;
30 S Athens,-38 N. Milledgeville, W. 662. Pop.
in 1810, 413. It is a flourishing town, and con
tains a courthouse, a jail, a Presbyterian meet
ing house, an academy, and a printing office.
.Greensborough, p-t. Greene co. Alabama ; 150
Cahawba, W. 888.
Greenslnirg, p-t. West-Chester co. N. Y., on E.
side of foe Hudson ; 27 N. New York, W. 252.
Pop. 2,054.
Greensburg,bor. fa cap. Westmoreland co. Pa.,
on a branch of the Sewickly, and in the town
ship of Hempfield; 28 ESE. Pittsburg, W. 192.
Pop. 771. It contains a court house, a jail, a
bank, an academy, and a German Calvinist
church. Greensburg, p-t. Greene co. Pa., on W. side
of foe Monongahela, about 20 S. Brownsville,
W. 236.
Greensburg, p-t. fa cap. Greene co. Ken., on
Greene river ; 70 W. Lexington, W. 642. Pop.
in 1810, 130. It contains a court house, a jail,
a bank, a Presbyterian meeting house, an acad
emy, and a cotton and woollen manufactory.
A mine of manganese has been discovered near
this town.
Greensville, p-t Augusta co. Va.; 12 SSW.
Staunton, W. 185.
Greensville, X. Grayson co.. Va., on foe head
branch of the Kenhawa, about 130 SW. Lynch
burg. Greenville, X. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 394.
Greenville, p-t. Greene, co. N. Y. ; 14 NW.
Athens, 26 SSW. Albany, W. 344. Pop. 2,374.
Greenville, p-t. facap. Jefferson co. Mississippi;
W. 1,241.
Greenville, p-t. fa cap. Mughlenburg co. Ken. ;
35 NNW. Russellville, 180 SW. Lexington, W.
739. Pop. in 1810, 75.
Greenville, p-t. fa cap. Pitt co. N. C, on S.
side Tar river, 35 miles above its entrance into

Pamlico sound; 53 SW. Edenton, W. 291. It
contains a court house, a jail, and an academy.
Greenville, p-t. fa cap. Bond co. Illinois; i8
W. Vandalia, 31 E. Edwardsville, 51 NE. St.
Louis, 140 NW. Shawneetown, W. 853. It has
a pleasant and healthy situation, between Bea
ver and Shoal creek. It has numerous springs
of excellent water, and in foe neighbourhood
are coal mines. The prospect towards the east
and south is extremely picturesque, presenting
a view of an extensive prairie interspersed with
groves of trees, and of Kaskaskia river, 9 miles
distant. Greenville,n-X. & cap. Green co. Ten., on NE.
branch of Notahucky river ; 25 SW. Jonesbo-
rough, 75 E. Knoxville, W. 478. Pop. 360. H.
50. It is pleasantly situated, chiefly on rising
ground, and contains a court house and a jail.
It is a place of considerable resort on account
of its -vicinity to the college, and also to the
Warm springs on French Broad river, 20 miles
distant. Greenville College, pleasantly situated 3 S. by
W- Greenville, was incorporated in 1794. The
college hall is a rieat building, about 60 feet
long, and 25 wide, of 2 stories. The college
has a library of about 2,000 volumes, a small
philosophical aparatus, and funded property to
the amount of about $ 6,000. The officers con
sist of a president, a tutor, and a preceptor of
the preparatory school. The number of stu-
dentshasof late exceeded 50. Commencement
is held on the 3d Wednesday of Sept. There
are 2 vacations ; one of 5 weeks from com
mencement, and one of 3 weeks from from the
1st Wednesday of April.
Greenville, co. S. part of Va., bounded N. by
Sussex, E. by Sussex and Southampton cos., S.
by K. C, and W. by Brunswick co. Pop. in
1810, 6,853 ; slaves, 4,599. Pop. in 1820, 6,858.
Chief town, Hicksford.
Greenville, X. Darlington district, S. C, on W.
side of the Great Pedee ; 90 NE. Columbia.
Greenville, district, NW. part of S. C. Pop.
in 1810, 13,133; slaves, 2,353. Pop. in 1820,
14,530. Greenville, p-t. fa cap. Greenville district, S. C,
on Reedy river, 5 miles from the Saluda; 110
N. Augusta, 120 NW. Columbia, W. 530. Pop.
200. Lat. 34. 48. N.
Greenville, p-t. fa cap. Darke co. Ohio, on
Greenville creek, which runs into the Stillwater ;
80 N. Cincinnati, 86 W. Columbus, W. 419.
Lon. 84. 32. W. Lat. 40. 2. N. Pop. of the town
ship, 1,172. It is famous for being the place
where Gen. Wayne made a treaty with the In
dians in 1795.
Greenville, p-t. Jefferson co. Mississippi ; 139
Columbia, W. 1,241.
Greenville, p-t. Floyd co. Indiana ; 116 Indi-
anopolis, W. 641. '
Greenville, p-v. Wayne co. Missouri ; 140 St.
Louis, W. 966.
Green-op, co. Ken. Pop. in 1810,2,369; slaves,
488. Pop in 1820, 4,311. Chief town, Greenups-
burg. Greenwich, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 20 E.
Northampton, 75 W. Boston, W. 407. Pop. 778.
Greenwich, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct, on Long Isl
and sound, in SW. corner Ofthe state; 14 WSW.

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684

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Norwalk, 46. WSW. New-Haveh, W. 259. LOn.
73.3S.W. Lat.41.1.N. Pop. 3,790. It carries
on a trade with New York by 12 or 15 sloops.
Greenwich, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. ; 8 W'.
Salem, 37 N. Albany, W. 396. Pop. 3,197. It
contains 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Con
gregationalists, and 1 for Baptists ; an academy,
a distillery, and extensive cotton and woollen
manufactories. Greenwich, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. ; 10 SW.
Bridgetown, W. 187. Pop. 890.
Greenwich, X. Sussex co. N. J., on the Dela
ware ; 5 NE. Easton. Pop. 3,335.
Greenwich, t. Gloucester co. N. J., on E. side
of the Delaware ; 6 S. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,699.
Greenwich, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,337.
Greenwich, (East,) p-t. & cap. Kept co. R. I.,
on N. W. part of Narragahset Bay ; 13 S. Prov
idence, 22 NNW. Newport, W. 423. Pop. 1,519.
It contains a court house, a jail, a bank, an
academy, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Presbyterians, and 1 for Friends ; and is a place
of some trade.
Greenwich, (West,) t Kent co. R. I., on W.
side of East Greenwich ; 18 SW. Providence, i
Pop. 1,927.
Greenwich, p-v. Charleston, S. C; W. 550.
Greenwich, X. Eng., in Kent, on the Thames ;
5 E. London. Lon. 18. 10. E. Ferro, 2. 20. W.
Paris. Lat. 51. 29. N. Pop. 16,947. It is famous
for a royal observatory, on the top of a steep
hill, in a delightful park, built by Charles II. in
1675. It is constructed of brick, not elegant,
but contains excellent apartments for the as
tronomer royal, and commodious rooms for the
admirable instruments with which it is furnish
ed. Here is also a magnificent hospital for de
cayed seamen, 865 feet in length, said to be the
finest structure of the kind in the World. The
town has 2 weekly markets, on Wednesday and
Saturday. The English compute the longitude
from the meridiari of this place.
Greenwood, X. Oxford co. Maine, on NW. side
of Paris. Pop. 509.
Greenwood, X. Mifflin Co. Pa., W. of the Sus
quehanna. Pop. 1,800.
Greenwood, X. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,078.
Grees, r. Ireland, which runs into the BarroW,
6 S. Athy, in Kildare.
Greeso, t. Algiers ; 30 ESE. Tiffesh.
Greelsyl, see Gretsyl.
Greffenstain, X. Austria, on the Danube; 6
NW. Closter Neuburg.
Gregoie, or Grebou, small isl. Africa, in the
river Jaquin, about a league from foe sea, on
the Gold coast, where the European nations
have factories.
Gregorio de Puerto Viejo, district and t. S. A.
in Quito, and jurisdiction of Guayaquil.
Gregory Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan,
on S. coast of Patagonia.
Gregory's Islands, four small islands in the
Mergui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 36. N.
Gregory's Sound, narrow strait of the sea,
between the islands of Arranmore and Inis-
main, on W. coast of Ireland.
Gregoue, X. Africa, in Whidah ; 4 S. Sabi.
Gregstown, v. Somerset co. N. J., on the
Millstone ; 6 NE. Princeton.
Grehweiler, X. Ger., in Upper Rhine, and prin
cipality of Salm; 7 N. Creutznach.

Greifenberg, X. Lower Carinthia, on the Drave;
25 W.Villaco.
Greiffenberg, X. Silesia, Jauer ; 8 SW. Low
enberg ; 32 W. Jauer. Lon. 15. 30. E. Lat. 50.
49. N. Pop. 2,319.
Greiffenberg, X. Pru. Brandenburg, on the
Sernitz ; 12 SSE. PrenZlow, 45 NNE. Berlin.
Lon. 14. 3. E. Lat. 53. 8. N. Pop. 2,3961
Greiffenberg, X. Pomerania ; 17 E. Cammin,
28 N. Stsrgard. Lon. 15, 12. E. Lat. 53. 53. N.
Greiffenhdgen, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Stettin ;
12 S. Old Stettin, 37 N. Custrin. LOn. 14. 36. E.
Lat 63. 20. N. Pop. 3,646.
Greiffens'ee, X. Switz., in Zurich, on a lake of
the same name ; 6 E. Zurich. Pop. 264.
Greiffen See, lake, Switz., in the canton of
Zurich ; 5 E. Zurich.
Greiffenstein, X. fa castle, Silesia, in Jauer ; 2
S. Greiffenberg. Greiffenstein, X. Prussian Coblentz ; 7 NNW.
Braunfels, 34 N. Mentz. Lon. 8. 23. E. Lat. 50.
37. N. Pop. 606.
Greifswalde, or Gripswald, s-p. Pru. Pomera
nia, in Stralsund, on foe Rife, which is naviga
ble to the Baltic ; 15 SE. Stralsund. Lon. 13.
33. E. Lat. 54. 5. N. Pop. 3,741. H. 808. It
has some commerce, and manufactures of to
bacco and salt It contains2 Lutheran churches,
a gymnasium, a seminary, and a protestant uni
versity, founded in 1456, with a library, fac. It
is the most inconsiderable among the German
universities, having in 1817, only 55 students.
Greifswalde Oie, small island, in the Baltic,
off the mouth of the Oder, and near SE. coast
of the island of Usedom. Lon. 14. 3. E. Lat.
64. 10. N.
GreUlenstain, X. Austria ; 1 W. Horn.
Grein, X. Austria, on N. side of the Danube ;
14 W. Ips, 62 W. Vienna. Lon. 14. 45. E. Lat.
48. 16. N.
Grein, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates; 36
N. Sura.
Grein, see Cathem.
Greitz, or Graitz, or Grewilz,X. Ger., capital
of the principality of Reuss-Greitz, or Reus El
der Line, in the Vogtland, on a river which
runs into the Elster; 10 N. Plauen, 12 SW.
Zwickau. Lon. 12. 10. E. Lat. 50. 39. N. Pop.
6,195. H. 700. It is the residence of the prince
of Reuss Elder Line, and contains a Latin
school with 6 teachers, and has manufactures
of woollen, cotton, and leather. Pop. of foe
principality 22,255. Sq. m. 148.
Greksaker, X. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 48
W. Stroemsholm.
Grensay, one of foe smaller Orkney islands,
between Pamona and Hoy. Lon. 3. 7. W. Lat.
58. 48. N. Pop. 190.
Gremilzer, r. Saxony, whieh runs into foe
Black Elster, 2 S. Schweinitz.
Grenada, or Granada, sometimes called tip
per Andalusia, pr. Spain, bounded N. by New-
Castile, E. by Murcia, S. by the Mediterranean,
and W. Andalusia ;• about 170 miles in length,
and from 20 to 90 in breadth, As this country
lies opposite to Africa, and the coast is much
exposed to the ravages of corsairs, a great num
ber of towers and forts are erected along the
coasts. This province is one of the most healthy
and most temperate in Spain, and so fertile as

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685

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scarcely to stand in need of human industry
and culture ; rivers, brooks, and springs are in
numerable. Chief towns, Grenada, Malaga,
Ronda, Loxa, and Almeria. Pbp. in 1797,
692,924. Sq. m. 10,125.
Grenada, city, Spain, capital of a province of
the same name,; 188 S. Madrid. Lon. 3.40. W.
Lat. 37. 17. N. Pop. in 1797, 66,661. H. 12,000.
Abp. see. It is situated at the foot ofthe Sierra
Nevada, or Snowy mountains, 1,630 feet above
the level ofthe sea, on 2 hills, which are sepa
rated by a river called Darro, which soon after
joins the Xenil, that passes by the walls of the
town. It is divided into 4 quarters, of which
the principal bears the name of Grenada, and
-is inhabited by the nobility, clergy, and the
richest of the citizens; with many public and
private buildings. The second quarter is that
of Alhdmbra, which is inhabited by the descend
ants from the ancient Moors. The city was
built by the Moors in the 10th century, and in
1235 became the capital of an empire. It is
said to have contained 400,000 inhabitants.
Here are two palaces, one built in the year
1280, by the second king of the Moors, the
remains of which bear evidence of its wonder
ful magnificence; the other palace was built by
Charles V. A little above Alhambra is another
beautiful palace, called Ginaraliph, or Xenera-
life, built by a Moorish prince ; from the bal
conies of which is said to be one of the most
beautiful prospects in Europe, over the fertile
plains of Grenada, terminated by mountains,
whose tops are covered with snow. The third
quarter is called Albaycin, and the fourth, Ante-
queruela. The principal manufactures are silks,
woollens, leather, saltpetre, and gunpowder.
The streets of Grenada are narrow, irregular,
and badly paved, none of the houses deserve
the name of palaces. It contains 24 parish
churches, 38 convents of both sexes, 13 hos
pitals, a university, an amphitheatre for bull
fights, and had a tribunal of inquisition.
Grenada, isl. West Indies, about 20 miles
from N. to S. and 10 wide in the centre, but
gradually narrowing towards each extremity ;
discovered by Christopher Columbus, in the
year 1498 ; 71 NW. Tobago, 123 SW. Barba
does. Lon. 61. 48. W. Lat. 12. 3. N. Pop. in
1815, 31,362; whites 771 ; free people of col
our 1,210; slaves 29,381. A chain of moun
tains crosses it from N. to S., in the centre of
which is a large lake, from which several rivers
take their rise. Near foe coast the soil is good,
and produces indigo, sugar, and tobacco ; cof
fee, cocoa, and cotton. Game is abundant.
Among the birds the most common are turtles
and parroquets. The chief river fish are eels,
mullets, and cray-fish. Ten rivers run into the
sea towards the E., 3 to the N., 8 to the W.,
and 5 to the SE., all sufficient to drive sugar-
mills, and capable of becoming harbours for
vessels. The principal harbours are Fort Louis
and St. George.
Grenada, X. Guatimala, in Nicaragua, situated
on the lake of Nicaragua, by which means it
has a communication with the Pacific ocean
and the Carribbean sea ; 30 SSE. Leon. Lon.
87. 46. W. Lat. 10. 12. N. Its commerce is con
siderable in indigo, cochineal, hides, and sugar.
It has .2 convents of monks-.

Grenada, (New,) late vicerOyalty, S. A. call
ed foe New Kingdom of Grenada, now forming
a part of foe republic of Colombia, bounded N.
by foe Carribbean sea and Guatimala, E. by
.Venezuela and Guiana, S. by the Amazon and
Pera, and W. by the Pacific ocean. Lat. t).
S. 10 12. N. ; 1,200 miles in length, and 276 in
mean breadth. This countiy, together with
Venezuela, was formerly called Terra Firma.
Divisions. It was formerly divided into 3
audiences, Panama, Santa Fe, and Quito ; and
subdivided into 24 provinces, but a new divis
ion has been made since New Grenada and
Venezuela have been united, and formed into a
republic. Population. In 1820, the population of New
Grenada was estimated at 1,600,000 ; of Vene
zuela at 900,000 ; total 2,500,000.— The popu
lation of the republic of Colombia composed of
New Grenada and Venezuela, according to a
statement recently published, is as follows :
Seven departments . 2,014,604
Quito estimated at . . 550,000
Panama and Veragua . . . 80,000
• Total . . . 2,644,604
Towns. The chief towns are Santa Fe de
Bogota, the capita], Quito, Popayan, Carthage
na, Cuenca, Riobamba, Otobalo, Guayaquil,
Panama, Merida, St. Miguel d'Ibarra, Latacun-
ga, Loxa, Porto Bello, and St. Martha.
Universities. There are universities at Santa
Fe de Bogota, Quito, and Popayan.
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Magda
lena, Cauca, Apure, Meta, Putumayo, and Ca-
queta. Face ofthe country. New Grenada abounds
in the- most sublime mountain scenery. The
great chain of the Andes traverses this country
from north to south, and within the audience
of Quito are found the lofty summits of Chim-
borazo, Pinchinca, Cotopaxi, fac. From the
great chain secondary ridges are thrown out,
which diverge westward, and penetrate the
country, till they are gradually lost in vast and
interminable plains.
Climate. The climate is various. The sum
mits of the mountain are covered with perpet
ual snow, while in the valleys and low plains
the heat is intense. The elevated plains enjoy
a temperate, unvaried, and delightful climate.
Soil and productions. The soil in the valleys
and plains is fertile, producing cotton, tobacco,
corn, coffee, cochineal, a great variety of veg
etables, and tropical fruits. Excellent dye-
woods, and the finest mohogany are obtained.
Minerals. The mountains of this countiy are
extremely rich in gold and silver, and have also
mines of platina, copper, lead, and emeralds.
The value of gold and silver produced annu
ally is stated at £650,000 sterling. There are 2
mints, at Santa F6 and Popayan.— See Colom
bia and Venezuela.
Grenade, X. France, and principal place of a
district, iri Upper Garonne ; 12 NNW. Toulouse
18 SSE. Castel Sarasin. Lon. 1. 23. E Lat 43
46. N. Pop. 3,231. ' '
Grenade, X. France, Landes; 7 E. St. Sever
Pop. 1,330.
Grenadier, isl. at NE. part of lake Ontario ¦
S. Wolf island. Length 3 miles. '

GRE

686

GRI

Grenadillas, or Grenadines, cluster of islands
in the West Indies, dependent on Grenada, and
situated between that island and St. Vincent's ;
they are upwards of 20 in number, most of
which are fertile, and capable of producing cot
ton, coffee, indigo, and sugar. The air is
healthy, but there are no springs of fresh wa
ter. The most considerable is Carinacou.
Grenant, X. France, Upper Marne ; 10 SSE-
Langres. Grenchen, X. Switz., in Valais ; 25 E. Sion.
Grenier, mountains, Hind., in the country of
Guzerat, near Junagur.
Grenna, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 10 NNE.
Jonkioping. Pop. 517.
Grenoble, (an. Cularo, and Gralianopolis,)
city, France, and capital of Isere ; 13£ posts
SE. Lyons, 71£ SSE. Paris. Lon. 5. 54. E. Lat.
45. 12. N. Pop. 21,350. H. 2,400. Bp. see. It
contains a cathedral, 22 churches, a royal col
lege, an academy of arts and sciences, a pro
vincial university, or academy, with three facul
ties. To these institutions belong a library of
60,000 vols., a museum, a botanic garden, and
a cabinet of natural history. The streets are
tolerably wide, but the houses are ill built. It
is situated on the river Isere, not far from its
conflux with the Drac. Before the revolution
it was the capital of Dauphiny, and the seat of
a parliament. — Natives, Bayard, Malby, Con-
dillac, and Vauconson.
Grenouilles, (Les,) cluster of rocks in the W.
Indian ocean ; 36 SE. Point Morand, in Ja
maica. Lon. 76. 32. E. Lat. 17. 32. N.
Grenville, t. Nova Scotia ; 20 W. Halifax.
Grenville's Canal, channel of the N. Pacific
ocean, which separates Pitt's Archipelago from
the coast of New Cornwall.
Grenzhausen, X. Pru. Coblentz; 5 NE. Cob
lentz, 8 E. Neuwied. Pop. 900.
Greppen, X. Switz., in Lucerne ; 5 E. Lu
cerne. Greppin, X. Saxony ; 2 NNW. Bitterfeld.
Gresholm, small isl. Denmark, in the Catte
gat; 4NE. Lessoe.
Gresi,X. Turkish Armenia; 28 SE. Rizeh.
Gresley, or Greasley, X. Eng., in, Nottingham
shire, on the borders of Derbyshire ; 7 NW.
Nottingham. Pop. 2,968.
Gressen, t. Samogitia , 20 NNE. Miedniki.
Gressic, or Gressec, X. Java, on NE. coast.
Lon. 1 12. 50. E. Lat. 7. 9. S. It was formerly
the capital of a kingdom, but now greatly re
duced from its ancient importance. It has but
few Europeans, but the Chinese and native in
habitants are numerous. Here are extensive
saltpetre works. It is unhealthy, and suffers
for the want of good water.
Gressin, X. Pomerania ; 14 SE. Belgard.
Greslen, X: Austria ; 9 NE. Bavarian Waid-
hoven. Greta, r. Eng., which rises in NW. part of
Yorkshire, and runs into the Tees, about 4 m.
below Barnard's castle, in Durham.
Gretc, r. Eng., which runs into the Lune, 2
S. Kirby Lonsdale, in Westmoreland.
Gretna Green, or Grailncy, v. fa parish, Scot.,
in Dumfries, on Solway frith ; 8 N. Carlisle.
It is the first stage in Scotland from England,
and has for 70 years been famous for being the

place of celebrating the marriages of fugitive
lovers from England.
Gretsyhl, or Grethe, or Groete, X. Han., East
Friesland; 10 NW. Emden. Pop. 591.
Greizingen, X. Wurt. ; 7 SW. Blaubeuren.
Greve, X. Tuscany ; 14 S, Florence.
Greve au Lanchan, bay on NW. coast of foe
island of Jersey.
Grieve de Lecq, bay on N. coast of foe island
of Jersey. ,
Greven, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Munster ; 8 N.
Munster. Pop. 3,434.
Grevenbroich, Pru. Cologne ; 10 NNE. Ju
liers. Lon. 6. 31. E. Lat. 51. 6. N. Pop. 404.
Grevenmacheren, see Gravcnmacheren.
Grevenstein, t. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg ;
16 W. Brilon. Pop. 500.
Greverad, X. Pru. Dusseldorf; 1 NW. Solingen.
Greuf r. Hesse, which runs into the Scwalm,
near Zeigenbayn.
Grievillers, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ;
2 W. Bapaume.
Greussen, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg Sondere-
hausen ; 16 N. Erfurt, 18 E. Muhlhausen. Lon.
11. 3. E. Lat. 51. 6. N. Pop. 1,500.
Grewesmuhlen, or Grewismahlen, X. Mecklen
burg Schwerin ; HW.Wismar. Lon. 11.15. E.
Lat. 53. 35. N. Pop. 1,161.
Greylach, t. Carniola ; 8 N. Rodolphswert.
Greysau, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 8 SE. Neisse.
Grez en Boure, X. France, in Mayenne ; 7
ENE.Chateaugontier, 15 SE. Laval. Pop. 1,185.
Grezels, X. France, in Lot ; 2 S. Puy l'Eve-
que, 8 N. Moncuq. Pop. 448.
Grezieux, t. France, Rhone ; 8 W. Lyons.
Grezzano, t. Italy, Verona, on the road to
Germany ; 12 N. Verona. Here is a remark
able bridge formed by nature, which connects
two hills. The arch is 50 feet in breadth, and
114 in height.
Griaznucha, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the
Medveditza; 40 SSW. Saratov.
Griazovetz, X. Russia, in Vologda ; 40 SSE.
Vologda. Lon. 40. 44. E. Lat. 58. 36. N. ,
Gribane, X. Canada, on the St. Lawrence ; 30
NE. Quebec.
Gricane,X. Moldavia; 20 N. Jassy.
Griceness, cape on E. coast of the island of
Stronsa. Lon. 2. 28. W. Lat. 59. 1. N.
Griche,X. Persia, Segestan; 140 ENE. Zareng.
Griefstadt, or Grifsladt, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 3 NE.
Weissensee. Griefswalde, see Greifswalde.
Griembach, X. Austria ; 2 NE. Freystatt
Grien Head, cape on W. coast of the island
of Barray, one of the Scotch Hebrides. Lon.
7.31. W. Lat. 66. 59. N.
Grienaw, X. Austria ; 6 ENE. Steyregg.
Gricnburg, X. Stiria; 4 NNW. Windisch Wei-
stritz. Grienpach, X. Austria; 3 NE. Bohmisch
Waidhoven. Grienpihel, citadel, Stiria, situated on a
mountain ; 2 N. Rottenmann.
Griersburg, p-t. Beaver co. Pa., on Little
Beaver creek; 11 NW. Beaver Town, 21 New-
Lisbon, Ohio, 40 NW. Pittsburg, W. 265. Pop.
146. H. 33. Here is an academy.
Griesbach, or Griespach, X. Bavaria ; 14 W.
Passau. Fop. 772.

GRI

687

GRI

Grieskerfie, one of the smaller Shetland isl
ands. Lon. 0. 58. W. Lat. 60. 32. N.
Grieskirchen, X. Austria ; 6 SW. Efferding.
Grieth, X. Pru. Cleves, on the Rhine ; 4 E.
Cleves. Fop. 644.
Griethausen, t. Pru. Cleves ; 3 NE. Cleves.
Lon. 69. E. Lat. 51. 51. N. Pop. 485.
Gries, t. Persia, in Segestan ; 53 SW. GhiZ-
ni, 85 NE. Bost.
Grifalco, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 4 W.
Squillace. Grifalco, X. Naples, Otranto ; 17 SE. Otranto.
Grifen, X. Prussia, in Oberland ; 8 N. Soldau.
Griffen, X. Carinthia ; 4 N. Volkenmarck.
Griffvnsbvrg, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. ; W. 90.
Grig, X. Frarice, in Rhone; 3 N. Givers. Pop.
1,000. Griggio, r. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, Lon. 14. 50. E. Lat. 42. 12. N.
Grignan, X. France, in Dr&me ; 10 SSE.
Montelimart Pop. 1,669.
Grignols, X. France, in Dordogne ; 10 SSW.
Perigueux. Pop. 1,135.
Grignols, X. France, in Gironde; 9 SE. Bazas,
12 S. La Reolle. Pop. 1,815.
Grignon, v. France, near Paris.
Grigoriopol, t. Russia, Cherson, on the Dnies
ter ; 18 N. by W. Bender. Pop. 400.
Griguet Bay, bay at NE. extremity of New
foundland. Lon. 55. 24. W. Lat. 55. 40. N.
Grilimon, X. A. Turkey, on W. coast of Nato
lia. Lon. 26. 19. E. Lat. 38- 35. N.
Grilla, (La,) X, S. A., in Caraccas ; 50 SSW.
Merida. Lon. 70. 56. W. Lat 7. 22. N.
Grilknburg, citadel, Saxony, in the circle of
Erzgebirg ; 7 NE. Freyberg.
Grillon, X. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon. 13.
30. W. Lat. 10. 34. N.
Grimaud, X. France, in Var ; 12 S. Frejus.
Pop. 1,164.
Grimberg, t Pru. Treves; 16 SE. Treves.
Grimbergen, X. Neth. Brabant ; 6 N. Brussels.
Pop. 2,700.
Grimelzhdusen, t. Ger., in Henneberg; 10
ESE. Meinungen.
Grimbusterholm, one of the smaller Orkney
islands, near N. coast of the island of Pomona.
Grimma,X. Saxony, in Leipsic, on the Mulda;
15 ESE. Leipsic, 42 WNW. Dresden. Lon. 12.
40. E. Lat. 51. 13. N. Pop. 2,971. It contains
5 churches, a hospital, a provincial school or
college with 7 teachers. Its chief trade is in
wood, linen, thread, beer, and flannels made
in imitation of the English.
Grimming, mt. supposed to be the highest in
Stiria ; 16 W. Rottenmann.
Grimmen, or Grimm, X. Anterior Pomerania ;
14 S. Stralsund, 32 E. Rostock. Lon. 13. 4. E.
Lat. 54. 6. N. Pop. 1,313.
Grimness, cape on E. coast of foe island of
South Ronaldshe. Lon. 2.45. W. Lat. 58. 42. N.
Grimnitz, X. Brandenburg ; 1 NW. Joachims-
thal. Grimotow, X. Podolia ; 46 NNW. Kaminiec.
Grimroos, X. New-Brunswick, on foe river St.
John. Lon. 66. 12. W. Lat. 45. 50. N.
Grimsi, r. Ger., which runs into the Itsch, 4
N. Coburg.
Grimsay, one of foe smaller Western islands
in Scotland, between N. Uist and Benbecula. I
Lon. 7. 13. W. Lat. 57. 27. N.

Grimsby, X. Eng., in Lincoln, on foe river
Humber, within 5 miles of the German sea ; 35
NE. Lincoln, 170 N. London. Lon. 0/8. W.
Lat. 53. 33. N. Pop. 3,747. It is a very ancient
corporation, and sends two members to parlia
ment The principal trade is in coals and salt
Grimsee, lake, Ger., N. of Worbitz see, in foe
Ucker Mark of Brandenburg.
Grimsel, mt. Switz., being part of the Alps,.
which separates the Valais from the canton of
Berue ; 40 E. Sion. Its height above the level
of the sea is computed at 8,600 feet. The Aar
has its rise in the mountain. There is a road
across it, and a house for travellers on the top,
in which a person resides during the summer.
Grimson, small isl. on the W. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 17. 6. E. Lat. 61. 14. N.
Grimsta, X. Sweden, iu West Gothland ; 28
NE. Uddevalla.
Grin, X. Armenia ; 130 NE. Erivan.
Grin, small isl. in the Atlantic, near W. coast
of Africa. Lat. 19. 29. N.
Grinadil, one of the smaller Western islands
of Scotland, near E. coast of Benbecula.
Grind, X. Pru. Coblentz ; 20 NNW. Coblentz.
Grind, small isl. near the coast of Friesland ;
10 NNW. Harlingen. Lon. 5. 13. E. Lat. 53.
21. N.
Grindel, v. near the city of Hamburg.
Grindervald, t. Switz., in Berne, at the foot
of a celebrated glacier; 23 SSE. Thun.
Grindon Rigg,. v. Eng., in Northumberland ;
9 N. Woolley. It is remarkable for a battle
fought here in the year 1558, in which the Scots
were defeated by the earl of Northumberland
and his brother.
Grinsted, (East,) X. Eng., in Sussex, with a
market on Thursday ; 21 N. Lewes, 30 S. Lon
don. Lat. 50. 58. N. Pop 2,639. It sends two
members to parliament. The Lent assizes for
the county of Sussex are held here.
Grinnan, one of the smaller Hebrides on W.
coast of Lewis. Lon. 7. 4. W. Lat. 58. 1. N.
Gripersleben, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 3 N. Erfurt. .
Gripsholm, X. Sweden, in Sudcrmanland ;
25 W. Stockholm.
Gripswald, see Greifsewalde.
Griqualown, X. in S. part of Africa, about 700
NE. Cape Town. Lon. 25. 5. E. Lat 28. 40. S.
Pop. 1,266. It is an important missionary station.
Grisignana, X. Istria, circle of Trieste ; 9 E
Capo d' Istria. Pop. 1,270.
Grislehamn, or Grisleliaven, (New,) s-p. Swe-.
den, in Upland; 37 NNE. Upsal, 50 NNE.,
Stockholm. Grisleliaven, (Old,) s-p. Sweden, in Upland •
38 E. Upsal, 45 NNE. Stockholm.
Grisoner, r. Portugal, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 8. 24. W. Lat 41. 12. N.
Grisons, (Country of) in German, Bimdtent
canton, Switz., bounded NE. and E. by Upper
Austria, S. by Lombardy, and W. by Tessin
andUri. Sq. m. 2,395. Pop. 74,000. Cathol
ics, 28,000.-26,500. speak German, 10,000 Ital
ian, 26,700 Romanish or Rhetian. The whole
country was known to the ancients by foe.
name of Rhalia. The country is, in general
very elevated and mountainous ; it contains
several valleys, to some of which the passages
are shut up during great part of foe year.

GRO

688

GRO

Grissey, X. Java, capital of a kingdom of the
same name. Lon. 112. 48. E. Lat. 7. 5. S.
Gristo, X. Pomerania ; 1 WSW. Cammin.
'Gristow, small isl. Ger., in Upper Saxony, in
foe Direnow, between the town of Cammin and
the island of Wollin, in the Anterior Pomerania.
Lon. 14. 40. E. Lat. 53. 55. N.
Griswold, p-t. New-London co. Ct, on E.
side ofthe Quinibaug ; 8 E. by N. Norwich, 48
E.by S. Hartford. Pop. 1,869.
Grita, city, Carraccas, in Maracaybo, on the
royal road between Pamplona and Merida, 67
miles from foe former, and 46 from the latter.
Lon. 71. 39. W. Lat. 7. 53. N. This town en
joys a very pleasant and healthy climate, and
has considerable trade in sugar, tobacco,, maize,
potatoes, figs, apples, vegetables, and a great
variety of fruits.
Gritzgallen, X. Courland ; 20 SSW. Seelburg.
Grivelnik, X. Walachia ; 30 W. Tergosyl.
Grivenskoi, X. Russia, in Ustiug ; 96 E. Lalsk.
Griwhee, X. Africa, on the Slave coast. Lon.
1. 16. E. Lat. 6. 30. N.
Grizolles, X. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne ;
5 N.Toulouse; 15 SSE. Castel Sarrazin. Pop.
2,025. Grizy, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 5 NW.
Pontoise. Grizzle Bear Hill, mt. N. A. Lon. 111. 20.W.
Lat. 47. 20. N.
Grooi, t. Africa, on the Slave coast; 10 NW.
Cape Palmas.
Groais Isle, small isl. near W. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 53. 30. W. Lat. 51. N.
Groaix, small isl. in the English channel, near
W. coast of France, and department of the
Morbihan, about 4 miles long, and li wide ; 18
NNW. Belle Isle. Lon. 3. 22. W. Lat. 47. 39. N.
Grobin, or Grobinen, X. Courland; 28 SSW.
Goldingen. Pop. 320.
Grobovopole, fort, Russia, in Ekaterinburg;
40 W. Ekaterinburg.
Grodeck, X. Russia, in Bialystock; 40 SW.
Bielsk. Pop. 388.
Grodeck, X. Russia, in Podolia ; 52 W. Kami
niec. Groditz, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 NW. Ott-
muchau. Grodno, government, Russia, formerly a part
of Lithuania; bounded N. by Wilna, E. by
Minsk, S.by Volhynia, and W. by Prussia. Pop.
620,000. Sq. m. 11,364.
Grodno, X. Russia, capital of the government
of the same name, on the Niemen, partly on
an eminence, and partly on a plain surrounded
with hills ; 64 SSW. Wilna, 140 NE. Warsaw,
140 SE. Konigsberg. Lon. 23. 50. E. Lat. 53.
40. N. Pop. 5,000. The Roman Catholics have
9 churches, those of the Greek church have 2,
and foe Jews have a synagogue. The market
place, and the principal street, which leads to
the castle,- are paved ; the other streets in ge
neral are mean and dirty. The centre of the
town is built of brick and foe suburbs of wood,
but the houses for the most part are little better
than cottages. In various parts of the town are
ruins of palaces, gateways, and other remains
of former splendour. Here the diets of Poland
formerly assembled.
Groems, t. Holstein ; 10 S. Cismar. Pop. 800.

Groene Kloof, t. Africa; 35 N. Cape Town.
Pop. 300. It is situated near the coast, and is a
missionary station.
Grohnde, t. Hanover, in Calenberg, on the
Weser, where a toll is paid; 9 S. Hameln.
Pop. 668. Near it is a monument of stone,
erected in memory of a bloody battle fought
here in 1421.
Groinard, small island, Scot, near W. coast
of foe county of Ross ; 6 SE. Udrigil Head.
Lon. 5. 37. W. Lat. 57. 51. N.
Grodk, see Spremberg.
Groet, t. Holland ; 6 NW. Alcmaer.
Groilbarry, X. Bengal ; 18 E. Calcutta.
Groidzsch, or Groitsch, X. Saxony, in Leipsic ;
13 S. Leipsic. Lon. 12. 20. E. Lat. 51. 12. N.
Pop. 1,079.
Grott, t. Holland, in Zutphen, strongly for
tified, situated on the river Slinghe, whose wa;
ters fill foe ditches round the fortifications ; 19
E. Zutphen, 19 SSW. Oldenzeel. Lon. 6. 32.
E. Lat. 52. 5, N. Pop. 1,900.
Gromi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoe ; 112 E. Bala-
ganskoi. Groming, X. Stiria; 25 W. Rottenmann.
Gronau, X. Hanover, in Hildesheim ; 9 SSW.
Hildesheim. Pop. 1,503.
Gronau, X. Pru. Munster; 25 NW. Munster.
Pop. 702.
Grondines, (Les,) X. Canada, on the St. Law
rence. Lon. 71. 58. W. Lat. 46. 36. N.
Grone, t. Han., Gottingen ; 2 Gottingen. Fop.
713. Gronenbach, or Grunenbach, X. Bavaria; 13
NNW.Kempten. Pop. 1,300.
Grones, cape on NW. coast of the island of
Jersey ; 6 NW. St. Aubin,
Gronesse Castle, fort, Jersey ; 7 NW- St.
Helier. Groney, r. Wales, which runs into the Usk, in
the county of Brecknock.
Grongar Hill, in the vale of Towey, in Caer-
marthenshire, Wales.
Gronhamn, small isl. in gulf of Bothnia. Lat.
62. 55. N.
Gronhuus, X. Holstein ; 24 NE. Eutyn.
Groningen, pr. Neth., bounded N. by the
German ocean, E. by Hanover, S. by Drenthe
and W. by Friesland. Sq. m. 778. It is divided
irito the three following districts -.
Groningen  53,138
Damme ... . . 40,741
Winschotten. . . . 41,743

Total .t . . 135,621
The countiy is level, low, and wet ; inter
sected by numerous canals for the purpose of
drairiing, and protected by dikes against foe
inundations ofthe sea. The chief wealth ofthe
province consists in its pastures, which are un
commonly rich, and feed excellent cattle.
Groningen, city, Neth., capital, of foe province
of Groningen, on the rivers Hunse and Fivel ;
81 W. Bremen. Lon. 6. 24. E. Lat. 53. 11. N.
Pop. 26,044. H, 6,000. Churches -12. It is large,
rich, strong, well peopled, and adorned with
many excellent buildings, public and private;
its figure is nearly round, encompassed with
good ramparts, guarded by large ditehes filled
with water, besides many bastions and other

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fortifications, which would render an attack
upon it very difficult. Its port is very commo
dious, into which ships enter with great ease
by means of a canal, whose sides are lined with
large stones, about 9 miles from the sea. The
university of Groningen, founded in 1614, and
endowed with the revenues of several monas
teries, has long borne a respectable character.
It consists of 5 faculties with 19 professors, and
has a good library. Here are also academies
for drawing, navigation, and agriculture, an in
stitution for the deaf and dumb, and societies
of lawyers and physicians. — Natives, Hemster-
huis, Schultens, Wessel.
Groningen, X. Wurt. ; 3 N. Creilsheim.
Groningen, see Grunmgen
Groningen, (Mark,) X. Wurtemberg, on the
Glens ; 7 NNW. Suttgard, 36 E. Rastadt. Pop.
2,064. Groningen, (Ober,) X. Wurtemberg ; 4 NNE.
Schleuschingen. Groningen, (Unler,) X. Wurtemberg ; 5 N.
Schleuschingen. Pop. 794.
Gronsfeld, X. Neth. ; 4 SE. Maestricht
Grootzundert, X. Neth., N. Brabant ; 10 SSW.
Breda. Pop. 2,800.
Gros Ventre Bay, see Lion Marin.
Gropenstein, X. Carinthia ; 2 NW. Velach.
Gropzic, X. Ger., in Anhalt Dessau, on the
Fuhne ; 12 SW. Dessau, 28 NNW. Leipsic
Lon. 12. 1. E. Lat. 51. 45. N. Pop. 1,100.
Grosburg, X. Silesia, in Breslau ; 15 S. Bres
lau, 15 W. Brieg.
Grosca, small isl. in the Black sea. Lon. 29.
14. E. Lat. 44. 39. N.
Groschletsgrun, t. Bavaria ; 17 SE. Wunsiedel.
Grose Island, isl. Michigan, Detroit river, near
its mouth, 3 miles above Maiden ; 8 miles long,
and 1 J broad. It has a good soil, and contains
a quarry of stone.
Grosen, X. Courland ; 28 S. Goldingen.
Groson, X. France, in Jura ; 3 SW. Arbois.
Grosone, t. Corsica ; 3 N. Bastia.
Gross Almerode, see Almerode.
Gross Botwar, X. Wurtemberg; 10 SSE. Heil-
bron, 13 NNE. Stuttgart.
Gross Salze, t. Pru., in Magdeburg ; 12 S.
Magdeburg. Here are considerable salt works.
Grossa, X. Austria ; 3 S. Baden.
Grossa, (an. Scardona,) isl. in the Adriatic, 26
miles long, and 2 wide, near the coast of Dal
matia. Lon. 15. 7. E. Lat. 44. 18. N.
Grosselfingen, t Ger., in Hohenzollern ; 7 E.
Zollern. Pop. 800.
Grossenhayn, see Hayn.
Grossenreith, X. Hesse Cassel ; 5 Cassel.
Grosseto, X. Tuscany, on a branch of the Om-
brone ; 14 ESE. Piombino, 60 S. Florence.
Lon. 11. 4. E. Lat.42.49.N. Bp.see. Pop.2,000.
Grosseuvre, X. France, in Eure ; 6 S. Evreux.
Grossmont, v. Eng., in Monmouth, where
there are remains of an ancient castle ; 8 NNW.
Monmouth. Grosswig, X. Germany, in Saxony; 4 SW.
Schmiedelburg. Amber is found near it.
Grosszig, X. Ger., in Anhalt Dessau ; 9 SSE.
Bernburg, 19 SW. Dessau.
Grotkau, see Grottgau.
Groton, X. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 10 "S. by W.
Danville, 20 E. Montpelier. Pop. 595.
Vol. I. 87

Groton, p-t Grafton co. N. H. ; 9 W. Ply
mouth, W. 534. Pop. 688. Here is an iron fur
nace for casting hollow ware.
Groton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 17 NW.
Concord, 18 S. Amherst, 34 NW. Boston, W,
472. Pop. 1,897. This is a very pleasant town,
has an academy, and is a place of considerable
business. Groton, p-t. New London co. Ct., on E. side
of the Thames, opposite New London ; W.859.
Pop. 4,664. Fort Griswold, which defends the
harbour of New London, is in this town.
Groton, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y., about 10
E. Ithaca, W. 363. Pop. 2,742.
Grotskaw, X. Servia ; 15 S. Belgrade. Here,
in 1739, the Imperialists were beaten by the
Turks, which induced the peace of Belgrade.
Grotta, X. Italy ; 7 NW. Cremona.
Grottaglia, X. Naples, Otranto , 9 E. Tarento,
Grotta Menarda, t. Naples, Principato Ultra ;
12 ESE. Beneyento. Pop. 2,223.
Grotta St. Loria, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; 12
W. Manfredonia.
Grottari, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 6 N,
Gierace. Groltau, X. Bohemia ; 5 SSE. Zittau. Pop.
1,000. Grotlenbach, t. Bavaria ; 6 NW. Guntzburg.
Grottgau, or Grotkau, t. Silesia, capital of a
circle, in Neisse, on the Neisse ; 14 N., Neisse,
28 SSE. Braslaw. Pop. 1,649.
Groltola, X. Naples, in the Bisilicata ; 4 SW*
Matera. Grotzingen, t. Wurt. ; 10 NE. Tubingen.
Grova, X. Africa, on the Grain Coast ; 10 NW.
Cape Palmas.
Groups, (The,) two inhabited islands, or
rather groups of islands, in the S. Pacific ocean,
seen by captain Cook, in 1769 ; they extend
from NW. by N. to SE. by S. about 9 leagues.
The southermost island lies in Lon. 142. 42. W.
Lat. 18. 12. S.
Grouville, v. island of Jersey ; 3 E. St. Helier.
Grouw, X. Neth., Friesland ; 8 S. Lewarden.
Pop. 1,381.
Grouwe, X. Flanders ; 5 NE. Hulst
Grove, r. Ger., which runs into the Weser,
near Hoxter.
Grove Hill, p-v. Warren co. N. C. ; W. 249.
Grove Point, cape, E. side of Chesapeake bayj
N. of Sassafras river ; 5 SW. Turkey point.
Groveland, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y., on E.side
of the Genesee, and S. side of Geneseo ; 240
W. Albany. Pop. 1,273.
Graver's Island, isl. on the coast of Georgia,
containing 300 or 360 acres. It belongs to the
U. S. government.
Growa, X. Africa, on foe Slave Coast. Lon.
7. 20. W. Lat, 4. 25. N.
Grozdansky, X. Croatia ; 5 NW. Novi.
Grozingen, X. Wurt. ; 11 E. Stuttgard.
Grozingen, X. Baden ; 5 E. Carlsruhe. Pop.
1,600. Gruapel, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 15 NNW.
Bomrauzepollam. Grube, t. Holstein ; 12 NNE. Cismar.
Gruben, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 8 SE. Grotkau.
Grubenhagen, X. fa castle, Hanover, on a
mountain, in the principality of the same name ¦'
6 NW. Nordheim; 7 SSW. Eimbeck. '

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Grubenhagen, principality, Hanover, on E.
side of the Leine, which takes its name from a
castle so called, now in ruins. It contains some
fertile land, but the greater part is mountainous
and woody. The inhabitants are Lutherans.
Eimbeck is the capital. Pop. 59,887. Sq. m.
387. It now forms a part of the province of
Gottingen. Grudack, X. Aust. Galicia ; 28 SW. Lemberg.
Grudeck, t. Rus. Podolia; 28 E. Braclaw.
JSrudeck, t.Rus. Podolia ; 32 W. Kaminiec.
¦Grudeck; X. Rus. Kiev; 50 WNW. Bialacer-
iiev. Grudoczicze, X. Aust. Galicia ; 24 WSW. Ha-
litscu. Grudolo, (Lo,) t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ;
14 SE. Sulmona.
Grudzea, X. Pru., on the Vistula ; 12 N. Cnlm.
Grueb, t. Stiria ; 6 NW. Voitsberg.
Grueb, t. Austria ;. 5 NE. Horn.
Grulich, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 10 E.
Geyersberg. Pop. 2,116.
Grullenberg, t Pru. Merseburg; 4 S. San-
gershausen. Grumbach, X. Hesse Cassel ; 2 S. Smalkalden.
Grumbach, X. Baden ; 21 W. Wertheim.
Grumbach, X. Ger., county of Baumholder,
belonging to Coburg; 2 N. Lautereck, 25 N.
Deux Ponts.
Grumbach, (Ober,) t. Baden ; 4 S. Bruchsal.
Grumbach, (Unter,) X. Baden, with a medici
nal spring ; 3 SSW. Bruchsal. Pop. 1,000.
Grumbach, X. Pru. Treves ; 2 N. Lautereck.
Grumbach, r. Thuringia, which runs into the
Saal, 4 NE. Weissenfels.
Grumbach, t. Saxony, in Meissen ; 2 S. Wils-
dorf. Pop. 822.
Grumberg, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 6 N. Ho-
henstadt. Grumegna, small isl. in the. gulf of Venice.
Lon. 15. 19. E. Lat. 44. 9. N.
Grumenlum, now Armento.
Grumo, I. Naples, in Naples ; 4 SSW. Bit-
tettb. Pop. 3,066. — Native, Cirillo.
' Grunau, t. Silesia, Neisse ; 3 SSW. Neisse.
Grunau, t. Ger., in Lauenburg; 18 NNE.
Molten. Pop.480.
Grunau, X. Prussia ; 20 SW. Brandenburg.
Grunberg, X. Hesse, in Upper Hesse ; 10 E.
Giessen, 28 W. Fulda. Lon. 8. 58. E. Lat. 50.
35. N. Pop. 2,092. Here the kings of the Me
rovingian race, and Charlemagne, held their
court. Grunberg, X. Silesia, in Glogau, surrounded
with vineyards ; 20 N. Sagan, 30 NW. Gros
Glogau. Lon. 15. 35. E. Lat. 51.58. N. Pop.
8,316. H. 1,145. It contains 2 Catholic churches,
1 Lutheran, 1 hospital, and a Catholic and a
Lutheran school, and has a manufacture of
cloth. Grund, X. Hanover, in the Hartz forest ; 12
SW. Goslar.
Grundelbach, t. Wurt. ; 4 SSW. Creilsheim.
Grundell See, lake, Stiria ; 2NE. New Aussee.
Grundfeld.X. Bavaria; 3 NNE. Staffelstein.
Grundlbach, r. Bavaria, which runs into Red
nitz, 3 S. Erlang, in Nuremberg.
Grundlbach, X. Bavaria; 4 S. Erlang, 6 N.
Nuremberg. Grundsund, X. Sweden, in Angermannland ;
64 NNE. Hernosand,

Grune, (Grand,) rock in the English chan
nel, near S. coast of the island of Jersey, about
2 SW. Noirmont point.
Grune du Port, rock at the entrance of the
bay of St. Aubin,- on S. coast of the island of
Jersey. Gruneberg, t. Pru. Brandenburg; 20 NNW.
Custrin. Grunersreut, X. Bavaria ; 4 SSE. Hof.
Grunhagen, X. Prussia ; 6 S. Holland.
Grunhayn, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 15 S.
Chemnitz, 46 WSW. Dresden. Lon. 12. 45. E.
Lat. 50. 32. N. Pop. 910.
Grunhoff, X. Courland ; 8 SSW. Mittaw. ,.
Grunie, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
in the cluster called Out Skerries. Lon. 0. 44.
W. Lat. 60. 42. N.
Grunie, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
a little of Unst Lon. 1. 8. W. Lat. 61. 2. N.
Grunie Half one of the smaller Sheflarid
islands, a little S. of Unst. Lon. 1. 5. W. Eat.
61. 3. N.
Gruningen, X. Pru, Coblentz ; 10 E. Braunfels.
Gruningen, or Groningen, X. Switz., capital of
a bailiwick, in Zurich ; 12 SE. Zurich, 21 NW.
Glaris. Pop. 1,300.
Gruningen, Pru. Magdeburg, on the river1
Boden; 15 E. Halberstadt. Lon. 11. 27. E. Lat.
51. 55. N. Pop. 2,222.
Grunschwart, fort, Anterior Ponierania, at
the mouth of the Peene, with a harbour.
Grunschwinden, X. Wurt. ; 8 NE. Creilsheim.
Grun See, i. e. Green Lake, lake, Bavaria, in
Bepchtoldsgaden ; 11 SW. Berchtoldsgaden.
Grunsfeld, or Grunfeld, X. Baden ; 6 NNW.
Mergenfoeim. Pop. 1,221.
Grunsladt,t. Bav., circle of the Rhine; 22
NNW. Spire, 22 S. Mentz. Lon. 8. 7. E. Lat.
49. 32. N. Pop. 2,335. It has 3 churches for
Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists.
Grunt, X. Austria, near Gundersdorf.
Grunlhal, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 17 S.
Freyberg. Grunthal, X. Silesia, in Breslau; 4 NNE. New-
markt. Gruntta, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 17 NE. Culm.
Grupello, X. Italy,; 7 W. Pavia.
Gruppenbach, X. Wurt; 17 N. Stuttgart.
Grusia, see Georgia.
Gruss, i. e. Salutation,v. Tyrol, noted for be
ing' the place where Ferdinand, king of Hunga
ry and Bohemia, met his brother Charles V., as
he was going from Italy to Germany,
Grusue, X. Norway, Aggerhuus, on the Glan-
men ; 6 N. Berga.
Gruten, X. Pru. Dusseldorf; 3 ESE. Medman,
10 E. Dusseldorf.
Grullin, plain, 'Switz., near the lake of foe
Four Cantons, in Uri, remarkable for being the
place where the 3 first cantons made a league
for the defence of their liberty, in 1307.
Gruyeres, X. Switz., in Friburg, on the Sanen ;
15 S. Friburg, 22 ENE. Lausanne. Lon. 6. 53.
E. Lat. 46. 36. N. In this district is made the
celebrated Swiss cheese, called*tAe cAeese of
Gruyeres, which is exported to a very conside
rable amount to Italy, France, Germany, and
other countries.
Gruzino, X. Russia; in Novgorod ; 40 N. Nov
gorod.

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Gryfe, r. Scot., which runs into the. Clyde, a
¦little N. Renfrew.
• Gryhitte,X. Sweden, Westmanland ; 5S WNW.
Strocmsholm. Gryllenberg, or Grilknburg, X. Sax., in Erzge
birg ; 6 E. Freyberg.
Grynau,X. Switz., Glaris, on the Linth, where
it empties itself into the lake of Zurich, with a
harbour for boats ; 3 W. Utznach.
Gryningen, X. Holland, in South Beveland.
Grys, r. America, which runs into lake Erie,
Lon. 82. 2. W. Lat. 41. 45. N.
Grysmgarde, X. Norway, in Drontheim; 76
SE. Drontheim.
Grytskar, small isl. on E. side of foe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 53. E. Lat. 62. 23. N.
Gschat, X. Russia, in Smolensko, on a small
river of the same name. Pop. 2,500.
Gschwend, X. Austria ; 5 W. Steyr.
Gsuvie, X. Arabia Felix ; 16 S. Loheia.
Qua, X. Cuba ; 36 SW. Bayamo.
Gmo, (Le,) X. France, in Lower-Charente ; 7
SE. Marennes, 13 W. Saintes.
Gua Suba, r. Bengal, which runs into the bay,
Lon. 89. 8. E. Lat. 21. 25. N.
Guaoiore, large and navigable river, New
Grenada, which rises in the mountains of Santa
Fe, and flows into the Orinoco, Lon. 68. 12.
W. Lat. 4. 8. N.
Gooca, t. Quito ; 70 NNE. Quito.
Guaca, X. New Grenada, in Pamplona ; 60 SE.
Pamplona. Guacapa, X. Guatimala ; 70 ESE. Guatimala.
Gnacopa, r. Guatimala, in Nicaragua, which
runs into foe Pacific ocean.
Guacora, t. Caraccas ; 65 SW. Caraccas, 12
Valonica. Pop. 4,000.
Guacatera, X. S. A. in Tucuman, chiefly in
habited by Indians, with an Indian magistrate ;
50 N. St. Salvador de Jugui.
Guacheta, X. New Grenada, in Tunja, 13 SW.
Tunja, 47 N. by E. Santa F£.
Guachi-yachu, X. Quito ; 60 ESE. Macas.
Guachuco, X. New Mexico, in New Navarre ;
220 SSE. Casa Grande.
Guacho, s-p. Peru, in Lima, between the isl.
of St. Martin and Callao. Lat. 11. 14. S.
Guacocinga, X. Mexico, in Puebla, containing
about 600 inhabitants, among whom are 100
Spaniards ; 35 SE. Mexico.
Guacotitlan, X. Mexico, in New Biscay ; 80 S.
Parral. Guadagnola, X. Popedom, in foe Campagna
di Roma ; 6 N. Palestrina.
Guadadar, r. Spain, which runs into the Gua
dalentin, at Lorca.
Guadaira, r. Spain, which runs into the Gua
dalquivir, a little below Seville.
Guadalaviar, (an. Durias,) r. Spain, which
runs into the sea near Valentia, Lat. 39. 25. N.
Guadalaxara, intendancy, Mexico, bounded
N. by Sonora and Durango, E. by Zacatecas fa
Guanaxuato, S. by Valladolid, and W. by the
Pacific ocean. It is 350 miles long, and 300
broad. Sq. leagues, 9,612. Pop. in 1803, 630,000.
It contains 2 cities, 6 towns, and 322 villages.
The principal mines are those of Bolanos, Ari-
entos de Oburra, Hostiotipaquillo, Copala, and
Guichichila. It is crossed from east to west by
the Rio de Santiago. All the eastern part is

table land, and-has a pleasant climate. The
maritime regions are covered with forests, and
abound in excellent timber for ship-building,
but the air is very hot and unhealthy.
Guadalaxara, city, Mexico, capital of the in
tendancy of foe same name, on the Santiago,
240 NW. Mexico, Lon. 103. 2. W. Lat. 21. 9.
N. Pop. 19,500; Spaniards, mulattoes, fa mesti
zoes. Bp. see. It is situated in a delightful and
fertile plain, is regular and handsome, contain-
ing8squares,a magnificent cathedral, 2 colleges,-
many convents, and a manufactory of cigars.
The houses are mostly of only one story: the
streets unpaved, and the carriages are drawn by
unshod mules.
Guadalaxara, pr. Spain, in New Castile,
forming an elevated plain, intersected by moun
tains ; generally bare of trees, barren and mo
notonous. It is traversed by the Tagus. The
principal wealth consistsin sheep. Pop. 122,000.
Sq.m. 1,050.
Guadalaxara, X. Spain, in New Castile, capital
of the above province ; 22 NE. Madrid. Lon. 3.
32. W. Lat. 40. 35. N. Pop. 12,000. It is situated
on the Henares, containing 9 parish churches,
14 convents, and 4 hospitals.
Guadalaxara, r. Spain, which runs into foe-
sea, between Gibraltar and Marbella.
Guadalaxara de Buga, X. S. A., in Popayan ;
36 NW. Popayan.
Guadalbulon, r. Spain which runs into the
Guadalquivir, a little above Andujar.
Guadal Canal, one of the islands of Solomon,
in the S. Pacific ocean.
Guadal Canal, X. Spain, in Estramadura, in
the mountain of Morena ; 10 S. Llerena.
Guadalcazar,X. Mexico, capital of a province
ofthe same name ; 210 N. by W. Mexico. Lon.
100.13. W. Lat. 22. 46. N. It is a small town,
consisting of only about 100 families.
Guadalcazar, X. Spain, in Cordova ; 12 SW.
Cordova. Guadalantin, r. Spain, which empties itself
into the gulf of Carthagena, at Almacaren.
Guadakte, r. Spain, which runs into the sea,
at Cadiz. Guadalix, X. Spain, in New Castile; 22. N.
Madrid. Guadalmagar, r. Spain, which runs into foe
sea near Vera, in Murcia.
Guadalmedina, r. Spain, which runs into the
sea, near Malga. Lon. 4. 33. W. Lat. 36. 42. N.
Guadaloupe, r. Spain, which runs into the
Ebro, at Caspe, in Aragon.
Guadaloupe, r. Spain, which runs into the
Guadiana, in Estramadura.
Guadaloupe, island in the West Indies, be
longing to France, and one of the largest
and most valuable of the Carribbee islands,
and one of those called Leeward islands ; be
tween 60 fa 70 miles long, and 25, where widest,
broad. Lon. 61. to 62.5. W. Lat. 15. 45. to 16.
37. N. Pop. in 1812, 114,839; of whom 12,747
were whites, 7,764 free negroes, and 94,328
slaves. It is divided into two parts by a chan
nel, about a league and a half over, called (Ae
Satt River, navigable only for canoes, which
runs N. fa S. and communicates with the sea on
both sides by a large bay at each end ; that on
the N. is called Grand Cul de Sac, and that on

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the S. Petit Cul de Sac. The E. part of foe isl
and is called Grand Terre, and is about 57 miles
from Antigua point on the NW., to foe point of
Guadaloupe on the SE., and about 29 miles in
the middle, where broadest ; this part is about
120 miles in circ The W. part, which is pro
perly Guadaloupe, according to Laet, is subdi
vided by a ridge of mountains into Capes-terre
on the W., and Basse-terre on foe east. This is
36 miles from N. to S., and 23 where broadest ;
and about 120 in circuit. Both parts would be
joined by an isthmus six miles in breadth, were
it not cut through by the river. Guadaloupe has
an exceedingly fertile soil, and produces sugar,
coffee, indigo, cocoa, cotton, fac. The air is
Clear and healthy. Basseterre town is the capital.
Guadaloupe, or St. Maria de Guadaloupe, X.
Spain, in Estramadura, in a valley, abounding
with vines, orange-trees, fig-trees, fac, on a
river of the same name ; 45 SW. Toledo. Pop.
3,000. Guadaloupe, X. Mexico, in New Biscay; 75 N.
Parral. Guadaloupe, t. New Mexico, in Mayo ; 100 E.
Santa Cruz.
Guadaloupe; t. New Mexico ; 15 W. Sumas.
Guadaloupe, isl. in foe N. Pacific ocean, com
posed of high, naked, rocky mountains ; about
13 miles long, nearly fo a N. fa. S. direction,
with two rocky islets, one lying WSW. half a
league, the other two miles S. from its S. point.
Lon. 118. 16. W. Lat. 28. 53. N.
Guadaloupe, one of the Solomon islands, in
the Pacific ocean. Lat 9. 30. S.
Guadaloupe, r. Mexico, in Texas, which after
a course of about 200 miles, flows into St. Ber
nard's bay, gulf of Mexico. Lat. 28. 30. N.
Guadalquivir, (an. Balis,) r. Spain, which
rises in New Castile, and empties itself into foe
sea, about 18 NW. Cadiz ; Lon. 6. 26. W. Lat.
36. 46. N, It is navigable for vesssels drawing
10 feet water to Seville, and for boats to Cor
dova. Length 300 miles.
Guadalquivirejo, r. Spain, which runs into the
sea,5SSW.Malaga,Lon 4.35. W. Lal.36.40.N.
Guadarmena, r. Spain, which runs into the
Guadalquivir, near Ubeda.
Guadarrama, t. Spain, in New Castile, cele
brated for its cheese ; 18 NW. Madrid.
Guadarrama, chain of mountains, Spain, pass
ing through the two Castifes and Leon, and Be
ira in Portugal. One of the summits is 8,500
feet high.
Guadarrama^. Spain, in New Castile, which
rises near the town of the same name, and runs
into the Tagus, about 9 miles below Toledo.
Guadel, s-p. Persia, in Mecran, on the coast
of the Arabian sea, in a bay, and near a cape,
to both of which it gives name ; 88 SSE. Kidge.
Lon 62. E. Lat. 25. 16. N. It was formerly a
place of great trade, but has been almost ruined
by the civil wars. The inhabitants are chiefly
weavers. Guaden, or Haden, X. Africa, in the desert of
Zanhaga. Lon. 13. W. Lat. 21. 40. N.
Guadiamar, r. Spain, which runs into foe
Guadalquivir, a few leagues below Seville.
Guadiana, X. Mexico, in Biscay, on a river of
foe same name ; 40 N. Durango. Lon. 104. 56.
W. Lat. 24. 50. N.

Guadiana, (an. Anas;) r. which rises from
some lakes in New Castile, and at first takes the
name of Roidera. It passes by Civdad Real,
Merida, and Badajos ; near which last town it
enters Portugal, and taking a southerly direc
tion, empties itself into the sea, between Aya-
monte and Castel Marin. Lon. 7. 26. W. Lat.
37. 10. N. Length, 350 miles.
Guadix, (an. Acci,) X. Spain, in Grenada ; Bp.
see ; 28 ENE. Grenada, 43 SE. Jaen. Lon. 3.
9. W. Lat. 37. 24. N. Pop. 8,314. It contains
3 parishes, and 6 convents. Its situation is be
tween the Nevada before, and the mountains of
Alpuxaras behind, so that they cannot cultivate
olives and oranges ; but other fruits are abun
dant, as well as corn and pasture.
Gaadramiro, X. Spain, in Leon ; 33 WSW.
Salamanca. Guaffo, or Grand Commendo, see Commendo.
Guagamow, X. Hind., in Oude ; 37 NNW. Ma-
nickpour. Guagida, now Woojeda.
Guahede, district, Africa, in Sugulmessa, about
100 miles S. the Atlas, which contains 3 towns
and some villages. The principal produce is
dates. Guajiros, barbarous nation of Indians, New
Grenada, in St. Martha. They are said formerly
to have exceeded 70,000, but a number of years
since were reduced to 20,000.
Guaira, see Guayra.
Guaiuchachi, X. Peru, in Guamanga ; 45 N.
Guanca Velica.
Guaki, X. S. A., in La Paz ; 5 NW. La Paz.
Gualala, country, africa, about 350 miles from
foe Atlantic. Lon. 5. to 8. W. Lat. 23. 30. to
25. 30. N.
Gualcas, X. Peru, in Truxillo ; 80 E. Piura.
Gualdo, X. Popedom, in Ancona ; 10 NW.
Nocera. Guttlea, X. Quito ; 23 NW. Quito.
Guali, or Guedi, r. New Grenada, which joins
the Madalena, Lon. 74. 53. W. Lat. 5. 15. N,
Gualior, see Gwalior.
Gualibi, X. Africa ; 30 W. Fez.
Guttllagua, c. Peru, which after a southerly
course of about 500 miles, runs into the Marag-
non, 15 N. La Laguno.
Guallaripa, t. Peru, in the diocess of Gua
manga ; 120 S. Guamanga.
Gualqui, X. Chili, capital of Puchacay, on foe
Biobio. Lat. 36. 44. S.
Gualraico, X. Cuba ; 55 WNW. Villa del Prin
cipe. Gualteiri, or Gualtero, X. Italy ; 4 SW. Guas-
talla, 13 N. Reggio. Pop. 4,142.
Guam, or Guaban, one of the Ladrone isls.
in the E. Indian sea, about 9 miles in circ. Lon.
155. 10. E. Lat. 13. 25. N. The island is fertile,
with several good harbours, and a great number
of small fresh-water rivers. The Spaniards have
a town, called Aguana, of which the houses are
built of stone, and defended by two forts, and
a garrison of 100 men. The natives go naked,
and never bury their dead, but leave them ex
posed to the air.
Guama, r. Brazil, which runs into the Para,
at the town of Para.
Guamalia, district, Peru,>in the archbishop
ric of Lima, situated in the centre of the Cor-

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dilleras. This jurisdiction begins 240 miles
NE. of Lima, and its situation being rather cold
than temperate, it is not generally fertile. Its
whole extent is above 120 miles.
Guamalia, t. Peru, and capital of a district in
the audience of Lima ; 150 E. Truxillo.
Guamanga, jurisdiction, Peru, in a bishopric
of the same name. The soil is fertile in grain
and fruit. The principal articles of commerce
are cattle, hides, and sweetmeats, besides the
produce of several silver mines.
Guamanga, t. Peru, the see of a bishop,
whose diocess extends over several districts.
Len. 77. 56. W. Lat. 12. 50. N. Pop. stated
from 18, to 26,000. This city was founded for
the conveniency of the trade carried on be
tween Lima and Cusco. There are 3 parochial
chiirebes, one for the Spaniards, and 2 for In
dians, besides the cathedral and several other
churches and convents. In it is a university,
which enjoys a great revenue, for the study of
philosophy, divinity, and law.
Guamantagua, X. Peru, in Lima, and jurisdic
tion of Canta, in which is a celebrated image of
Christ, to which the inhabitants of Lima go
in pilgrimage at Whitsuntide; 50 NE. Lima.
Guamanua, X Cuba ; 8 W. Havannah.
Guamara, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, 42 N. Pernambuco.
Guamatla, or Guamantla, X. Mexico, in Pueb-
la ; 27 NE. Puebla.
Guamoco, X. New-Grenada, in Antioquia ; 32
NE. Antioquia. Lon. 74. 57. W. Lat. 7. 9. N.
It was formerly a flourishing- town, and consi
derable for its mines, but it is now reduced.
Guamos, r. Spain, which runs into the Gua
dalquivir, 5 miles below Cordova.
Guamubo,X. Cuba; 20 E. Havannah.
Guamulos, X. Cuba ; 83 SE. Santa Clara.
Guana, small island in the West-Indies, NE.
Antigua. Lon. 62. W. Lat. 17. 16. N.
Guana Point, cape on W. coast of the island
of St. Christopher's. Lon. 62. 23. W. Lat. 17.
21. N.
Guana Reef, or Quila el Sueno, reef of rocks
in the Spanish main. Lon. 80. 30. W. Lat. 14.
25. N.
Guano Rocks, cluster of rocks in the bay of
Honduras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 89.
30. W. Lat. 16. 12. N.
Guanacas, X. Popayan ; 40 NE. Popayan.
Guanaeache, lake, S. A., in the province of
Cuyo, 50 miles in circumference. Lat. 34. S.
Guanachuco, t. Peru, Lima; 130 NNE. Lima.
Guanahana, see Cat Island.
Guanajo, or Bonacao, island in the bay of
Honduras, about 60 miles in circumference.
Lon. 86. 23) W. Lat. 16. 30. N.
Guanambu, r. Quito, which joins the Patia,
Lon. 77. 25. W. Lat. 1. 26. N.
Guanapi, X. Peru, in Truxillo, on the coast ;
25 SSE. Truxillo. Lat. 48. 28. S.
Guanare, X. S. A., in Venezuela ; 60 SE.
Truxillo. Pop. 12,300. It is finely situated on
a river of the same name ; of a healthy cli
mate, though very hot. In this vicinity are
raised large breeds of cattle, great quantities of
cocoa, tobacco, fruits, and garden herbs. .
Guanapu,'X. Brazil, which joins the Tocan-
tins to form the Para,

Guanalan, t. S. A., in Quito ; 35 N. Loxa.
Guanalo, X. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 42 SSW.
Mechoacan. Guanaxuto, intendancy, Mexico, bounded N.
by San Luis Potosi, E. by Mexico, S. by Me
choacan, and NW. by Guadalaxara and Zaca-
tecas. Pop. in 1803, 517,000 : 52 leagues long,
and 31 broad. Sq. leagues, 911. It is the most
populous intendancy in Mexico, and is famous
for its rich mines. It contains 3 cities, 4 towns,
37 villages, and 33 parishes. The most ele
vated point of this mountainous country,
according to Humboldt, is 9,235 feet above the
sea. Guanaxuato, or Santa Fe Guanaxuato, city,
Mexico, capital of the intendancy of the same
name ; 140 NW. Mexico. Lon. 100. 55. W.
Lat. 21. N. Pop. within the city, 41,000 ; and
including the mines surrounding the city, the
buildings being contiguous, 70,600. It is situat
ed in a narrow defile, hemmed in by mount
ains, the ground on which the city is built being
6,836 feet above the sea. The streets are irreg
ular, but the city is well built, and contains 3
convents, a college, 2 chapels of ease, and 5
hermitages. The mines of Guanaxuato are the
most productive in the world. The mines of
the intendancy yielded, from 1796 to 1803,
#40,000,000 in gold fa silver ; nearly #5,000,000
per annum, and nearly equal to £ ofthe whole
quantity of the gold and silver produced in
Mexico. Guanbacho, X. Peru, in foe diocess of Truxil
lo, on the coast. Lat. 9. 22. S.
Guanca-Bamba, X. Peru, in the diocess of
Truxillo ; 70 E. Piura.
Guanca Veliea, X. Peru, in foe diocess of Gua
manga, and capital of a jurisdiction ofthe same
name ; 30 NW. Guamanga, 130 SE. Lima
Lon. 74. 46. W. Lat. 12. 45. S. Pop. 5,200
It is 12,308 feet above the level of the sea—
The buildings are of stone, more or less porous.
It stands in a breach ofthe Andes, has a change
able and cold climate, and is one ofthe richest
towns in Peru. This town is famous for its
mines of mercury, also gold and silver.
Guanca Veliea, or Huanca Veliea, jurisdic
tion, S. A., in the bishopric of Guamanga, in
Peru. The town, which gives name to this
government, was founded on account of the
famous rich quicksilver mine ; and to the work
ing of it the inhabitants owe their subsist
ence. Guancane, X. S. A., in La Paz, on lake Titia-
ca ; 13 SE. Asangaro.
Guancaya, X. Peru, in the district of Xauxa,
20 miles from Xauxa.
Guanchaco, s-p. Peru, near Truxillo, of which
it is the harbour. Lon. 78. 58. W. Lat. 85. S.
The church is large and beautiful. The port,
though not very well sheltered, is considerably
frequented by vessels coming from Lima and
Panama. Guanclies. r. Cuba, which runs in the Spanish
Main, Lon. 75. 51. W. Lat. 20. 4. N.
Guancuri, r. Brazil, which runs into the Pa
raguay. Guandagnano, X. Italy, in Friuli; 29 NW
Friuli, 29 NE. Belluno.
Guangara, see Wangara.

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Guangon, X. on N. coast of Lucon. Lon. 121.
68. E. Lat. 18. 24. N.
Guanjaia, X. Peru, in Guamanga; 50 N.
Guanca Veliea.
Guanihina, or Guanima, see Cat Island.
Gudnjook, X. Abyssinia; 20 SW. Tcherkin.
Guano, X. S. America, in Quito ; 10 NE. Rio
bamba. Guan Key, (Great,) small isl. among the Ba
hamas. Lon. 77. 30. W. Lat. 26. 30. N.
Guano Key, (Little,) small isl. among the
Bahamas. Lon. 77. 5. W. Lat 26. 18. N.
Guanobucoa, X. Cuba; 8 S. Havannah.
Guanta, t Peru, in Guamanga, capital of a
jurisdiction of the same name ; 20 N. Guaman
ga. Lon. 74. 16. W. Lat 12. 30. N.
Guantajaya, X. Peru, in Arica ; 140 S. Arica.
Lon. 70. 10. W. Lat. 20. 45. S. A silver mine
was not long since discovered here, situated in
a sandy plain, within 20 miles of the Pacific
ocean, and a considerable distance from the
mountains. Some of the veins are so rich as
to be cut with the chissel.
Guantanamo Bay, bay on S. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 74. 47. W. Lat. 20. 12. N.
Guanvacana, X. Peru., in the diocess of Gua
manga ; 80 ESE. Guamanga.
Guanuco, X. Tern, capital of a jurisdiction,
which begins 120 NE. Lima ; 120 NNE. Lima.
Lon. 25. 56. W. Lat. 9. 59. N. Jt was formerly
large and handsome, but now reduced to a mis
erable village.
Guanucos, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Golfo Dolce, at its mouth.
Guapulo, X. Quito, 2 leagues from Quito. It
has a magnificent temple, and is a place of holy
retreat. Guara, X. Peru, in the intendancy of Lima,
near the Pacific ocean, on the high road from
Lima to Truxillo. Lat. 11.4. S. It consists of
a single street, containing 200 houses, and
many Indian huts.
Guaracayo, X. Quito ; 60 NNE. Jaen.
Guarachiri, X. Peru, capital of a jurisdiction,
in the audience of Lima ; 50 E. Lima. Lon. 76.
18. W. Lat. 11. 55. S. This province begins in
the mountains, about 6 leagues E. of Lima.
Guaramara, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 34.25. W. Lat. 7. 20. S.
Guarapicha, r. Cumana, which runs into the
gulf of Paria, Lon. 63. W. Lat. 7. 20. S.
Guarapiranga, X. Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 40
SE. Villarica.
Guarania, pr. Buenos-Ayres, so called from
a tribe of Indian inhabitants, between the rivers
Parana and Brazil, N. of the province of Bue
nos-Ayres, and S. Paraguay.
Guaraquagu, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lon. 35. 16. W. Lat. 9.36. S.
Guaratiba, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 7. 20. S.
Guaraunos, Indians, S. A., on the Orinoco.
No. 8,000.
Guarco, see Cagnete.
Guarda, or Guardia, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 18
SW. Almeida, 67 E. Coimbra. Lon. 6. 55. W.
Lat. 40. 21. N. Pop. 2,298. Bp. see. It is si
tuated near the source of the Mondego, and is
strong by art and nature. Besides a magnifi
cent cathedral, it contains 4 other churches, a
hospital, and 2 convents.

Guarda, (La,) or Guardia, X. Spain, on W,
coast of Galicia ; 14 WSW. Tuy. Pop. 1,500.
Guarda, X. Cuba; 115 WSW. Havannah.
Guardamqr, s-p. Spain, in Valentia, at the
mouth of the Segura ; 17 SSW. Alieant. Lon.
0. 45. W. Lat 38. 7. N. Pop. 4,250. It chief
trade consists in the exportation of salt.
Guardaon, X. Spain, in Beira ; 61 W. Viseu.
Guardasone, X. Parma ; 12 S. Parma.
Guardovalle, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 8
S. Squillace.Guardia, t. Naples, in Basilicata; 15 SSE.
Potenza. Guardia, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 15 W.
Bisignano. Guardia, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 23
E. Benevento. Pop. 2,019.
Guardia, (La,) X. Spain, in Alava ; 15 S. Vit
toria. Guardid, (La,) X. Spain, in New-Castile ; 22
ESE. Toledo. Pop. 3,344.
Guardia Alseres, X. Naples, in Molise ; 21 E.
Molise. Lon. 14. 50. E. Lat. 41. 50. N. Bp.
see. Pop. 1,800.
Guardia Girando, X. Naples, in the Molise ;
15 NW. Molise.
Guardiaffiera, X. Naples, in Molise; 4 W.
Larino. Pop. 1,500.
Guardiaghele, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra;
10 SSE. Civita di Chieti.
Guardialobard, X. Naples, in Principato Ul
tra ; 6 N. Conza.
Guardiani, small isl. near S. coast of Cepha
lonia; 7 S. Agostoli.
Guardio, X. Spain, in Leon ; 40 ENE. Leon.
Guardo, or Govardo, X. Italy, on the Chiesa ;
10 NE. Brescia. Lon. 10. 26. E. Lat. 45. 38.
N. Pop. 2,000.
Guarena, X. Piedmont; 6 N. by W. Alba.
Pop. 2,2O0.
Guarga, r. Africa, in Fez, which runs into
the Seba, 30 ENE. Mahmora.
Guarico, i. Venezuela, which runs S. into the
Orinoco, Lon. 67. W. Lat. 7. 40. N.
Guarico, city, St. Domingo, in the territory
formerly belonging to the French, and in N.
part of the island. Lon. 72. 13. W. Lat. 19. 48.
N. When in the possession of the French, it
was said to contain 14, or 15,000 inhabitants,
and to be about £ league in length. It lies
open, without any other defence than a single
rampart. The territory is in a high state of
cultivation, and there are numerous plantations
of sugar-cane, tobacco, indigo, and coffee.
Guarina, X. La Paz ; 60 NNW. La Paz.
Gaurisamey, X. Mexico, Durango. Pop. 3,800.
Guarmey, X. Peru, in Lima, and jurisdiction
of Santa, near the sea. Lat. 10. 3. S.
Guaromins, bay on the coast of Brazil. Lat
23. 30. S.
Guaruchiri, see Guarachiri.
Guasabas, X. New Navarre ; 220 SSE. Casa
Grande. Guascoallo, X. Chili, on foe river Guasco ;
100 E. Guasco.
Guasai, or Kua Say, X. Tonquin, on a river
which runs into the Chinese sea. Lon. 105. 40.
E. Lr.t. 17. 36. N.
Guasaibon,X. Cuba ; 25 W. Havannah.
Guasco, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 29. 0. S.

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Guasco, X. Chili, at the mouth of the river
Guasco; 9 S. Copiapo. Lon. 71.6. W. Lat
28. 26. N.
GuosA, r. Eng., which runs into the Welland,
near Stamford.
Guastalla, X. Italy, in the states of Parma,
near the Po, at foe union of the rivers Crostolo
and Tagliata, with a small territory, to which is
annexed the title of duchy ; 21 NW. Parma, 21
S. Mantua. Lon. 10. 39. E. Lat. 44. 55. N.
Fop. 6,500. In the year 1734,< a bloody battle
was fought here between the Austrians and the
French, in which the latter were victorious,
though the loss of both sides was nearly equal.
Guasteca, or Panuco, pr. Mexico, situated N.
of Mexico Proper, and W. of the gulf of Mexi
co ; 200 miles in length, and 150 in breadth.
The principal towns are Panuco and St. Jago •
de los Valles.
Guasto di Ammone, or Vasto di Ammone, X.
Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, near the Adriatic ;
15 SE. Lanciano.
Guatavita, X. New-Grenada ; 8 N. Santa Fe.
It is near lake Guatavita, which is situated in a
wild, solitary spot, more than 8,700 feet above
the sea.
Guateira, mt. St. Michael, one ofthe Azores,
not far from Villa Franca ; 2,997 feet above the
level ofthe sea. It is composed of pumice.
Guaticemala, r. Spain, in Aragon, which runs
into the Ysuela.
GUATIMALA, country, N. A. bounded N. by
Mexico and the bay of Honduras, E. by the
Carribbean sea and the province of Panama,
and SW. by the Pacific ocean. Sq. m. about
330,000. Pop; stated by Humboldt, in 1808, at
about 1,300,000; by Malte Brun, in 1820, and a
Spanish journal, at 1,200,000 ; by foe Patriots at
1,800,000.
Provinces. Chief towns. Provinces. Chief towns.
Chiapa Chiapa. Nicaragua Leon
Vera Paz Vera Paz. Honduras Valladolid.
Guatimala Guatimala. Costa Rica Carthage.
Rivers and Lakes. The rivers are numerous
but small. The largest are the Chiapa and St.
Juan. The lakes are those of Nicaragua and
Leon. Face of the country. The whole country is
mountainous, but the particular ridges are but
little known. On the western shore the coun
try is subject to the most tremendous convul
sions of nature, which have involved at times
whole cities in ruins, and exterminated com
plete tribes of people. No less than 20 volca
noes are known to exist, which are in constant
activity; some of them terrific.
Soil and productions. The soil is described as
exceedingly fertile, and better cultivated than
most other parts of Spanish America ; and ac
cording to Humboldt, this countiy is foe most
populous ofthe Spanish provinces. It produces
abundantly, grain, cochineal, honey, wax, cot
ton, sugar cane, indigo, pimento, and choco
late. Cattle and sheep are abundant. The bay
of Honduras is celebrated for its trade in log
wood. Climate. The temperature in some parts is
exceedingly hot and moist. The rains last from
April to September, and violent storms are fre
quent. The climate is more healthy on the
western coast than on the eastern.

Guatimala has heretofore been, arid is still
claimed as a colony of. Spain, styled the Cap
tain-generalship of Guatimala, governed by a
captain-general, appointed by the king ; but it
was declared independent by the people, Sept.
15, 1821.
Guatimala, pr. Guatimala, bounded N. and
W. by Oaxaca, NE. by Vera Paz and Chiapa,
E. by Honduras, SE. by Nicaragua, and SW.
by the Pacific ocean. It extends along the Pa
cific ocean about 130 leagues, and is in some
places 30 or 40 broad. It is mountainous ; the
climate hot and moist, the valleys fertile ; the
productions, cattle, grain, cochineal, cotton,
and indigo.
Guatimala, (St. Jago de, or Santiago de,) city,
capital of foe above country and province.
Lon. 92. 40. W. Lat. 14. 23. N. Pop. about
20,000. Abp. see. It is situated on foe Rio
Vaccas, and has a good harbour. It is a mag
nificent place, adorned with churches, monas
teries, and a university. It abounds in choco
late, pitch, naptha, wheat, maize, cocoa, and
all kinds of fruit. It was founded in 1524, first
built on the declivity of a mountain, at whose*
summit was a volcano, called the volcano of
Guatimala, in a beautiful valley 3 miles in
breadth, opening to foe Pacific ocean, and it
was then called St. Jago. In 1751, it was over
whelmed by an earthquake and by matter from
the volcano. The surviving inhabitants pro
ceeded to rebuild it, but another convulsion, in
1775, destroyed the place,. burying the greater
part of the inhabitants in the ruins. The city.
was again rebuilt where it now stands, 25 miles
south ofthe old town. Before the earthquake,
in 1751, it contained 7,000 families.
Guatimope, X. Mexico, in New Biscay ; 105
NNW. Durango.
Guatimar, X. Cuba ; 50 NNE. St. Jago.
Gualo, isl. in the South Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Chili ; 20 miles long, and 5 broad*
Lat. 44. 40. S.
Guatdlco, s-p. Mexico. Lat. 15. 44. N.
- Gualuna, r. S. A. which runs into the river
of foe Amazons, about 100 m. above Pauxis.
Guauchinango, X. Mexico, in Puebla; 91 NE.
Mexico. Families 1,200-.
Guaviari, r. S. A. which runs into the Ori
noco, Lon. 68. W. Lat. 4. N.
Guaura, X. Peru, in the audience of Lima ;
70 NNW. Lima. Lon. 77. 26. W. Lat. U.S. It
has a good port, consists of one long street, and
contains a hospital and a convent.
Guaxaca, or Oaxaca, pr. Mexico, situated be
tween Puebla and Guatimala, about 240 miles
in length, and 120 in breadth. The soil is fer
tile, producing corn, maize, cocoa, cochineal,
sugar, honey, and fruits of every kind. Here
are mines of gold, silver, and crystal ; mulber
ry-trees, for the cultivation of silk, have been
introduced by the Spaniards. They reckon 150
Indian towns, besides 300 villages, and up
wards of 150,000 natives, who are tributary to
the Spaniards. Pop. 534,000.
Guaxaca, X. Mexico, capital of a province of
the same name ; 90 S. by W. Vera Cruz, 195
SSE. Mexico. Lon. 98. 36. W. Lat. 17. 30. N.
Pop. in 1792, 24,000. The- see of a bishop. This
town is also called Antequera. It is agreeably

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situated in a valley, on a river abounding in
fish, which runs into the Alvarado.
Guayabamba, r. S. America, which runs into
tile Guallaga, Lat 7. 38. S.
Guaxdcallan, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 60
NW. Guadalaxara.
Guayabal, (de la Mesa,) t. New Grenada, in
the jurisdiction . of Tocayma; 17 SW. Mari-
quita, 63 NW. Santa Fe. It is a considerable
town, and has some trade.
Guayama, t Porto Rico. Pop. 5,000.
Guayaqua, X. S. America, in Tucuman ; 125
Ui St. Salvador de Jugui.
Guayaquil, jurisdiction, Quito, near foe Pa
cific ocean. The principal town has foe same
name. Guayaquil, city, s-p.& cap. of aprovince ofthe
same name, in New Grenada, on a river near the
Pacific ocean ; 150 SSW. Quito, 330 N. Truxillo.
Lon. 79. 56. W. Lat. 2. 11. S. Pop. ofthe old and
new town stated a number of years since at
22,000. The city is 1 J m. long, and has a cele
brated commercial port and a good dock, and
contains 3 convents, a college, and a hospital.
The town is defended by three forts, two on
foe river, and one behind the town.
Guayaval, isl. in the S.'Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mexico. Lat. 24. 20. N.
Guaycamo, X. Tucuman ; 25 SE. St. Fer
nando. Guaychu, X. S. A. in La Paz, on lake Titica-
ca ; 80 NNW. La Paz.
Guaylos, jurisdiction, S. A. in Lima; cattle
forms the principal riches of the district ; it is
situated to the W. of Guamalies.
Guaymaral, X. S. A. in the province of St.
Martha, on the Magdalena ; 22 S. Teneriffe.
Guaynamota, X. Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 70
NW. Guadalaxara.
Guayni, r. Guinea, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 59. 40. W. Lat. 7. 50. N.
Guayra, (La,) or Laguira, s-p. S. A. in Ca
raccas ; 7 N. Caraccas. Lon. 67. W. Lat. 10
40. N. It is the harbour of the town of Carac
cas. It is fortified, and contains about 6,000
souls. The -houses of the city are backed by a
wall of steep rocks, between which and the sea
the level ground is not more than 140 toises in
width. This space is occupied by two parallel
streets. The climate of La Guayra is one of
the highest temperatures on the globe. The
road from this place to Caraccas is said to re
semble that of St. Gothard. The trade is very
considerable, though the harbour is only a
roadsted secured by a mole ; and the anchor
age is bad. This town was nearly destroyed by
an earthquake in 1812.
Guazacoalco, r. Mexico, which runs into the
gulf of Mexico, Lon. 95. 26. W. Lat. 18. 10. N.
Guazacoca,t. New Mexico, in Cinaloa; 28.
SW. Cinaloa.
Guba, X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia; 24 NE.
Semisat Gubbio, or Eugubio, (an. Iguvium,) t. Pope
dom, in Urbino ; 31 N. Spoleto, 33 S. Urbino.
Lon. 12. 35. E. Lat. 43. 17. N. Pop. 3,600. Bp.
see. Here are 7 churches, and 21 convents.
Gubiebate, X. Egypt ; 8 N. Atfleh.
Gubel, X. Bohemia, Chrudim ; 15 NE. Leut-
mischl.

Guben, X. Pru. Lusatia, capital of a circle to
which it gives name ; 22 S. Frankfort on the
Oder, 70 NNE. Dresden. Lon. 14. 45. E. Lat.
51. 57. N. Pop. 6,184. It is situated on the
Lubbe, which soon after joins the Neisse ; sur
rounded with walls in 1331. It contains 3
churches, a gymnasium, and a hospital ; good
wine is made here, and there is a manufacture
of cloth.
Guber, r. Prussia, which runs into the Alle,
near Schippenbeil.
Guber, country, in foe interior part of Africa,
subject to Asben. Lon. 8. 30. E. Lat. 18. 15. N.
Guberlinskaia, fort, Russia, in Upha, on the
Ural ; 120 E. Orenburg.
Guberoro, or St. Francisco, r. Africa, which
waters Benguela, and runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 13. 30. S.
Gubi, X. Hind., in Mysore. Lon. 77. 10. E.
Lat. 13. 7. N. It is of mean appearance, and has
considerable trade.
Gubinagur, X. Bengal ; 28 N. Dinagepour.
Gubinapour, t. Bengal ; 15 N. Mauldah.
Gudcara, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 45 SSW. Arrah.
Gudegow, X. Hind., in Rohilcund ; 7 W. Bis-
sowlah. Gudemel, small isl. on W. coast of Scotland,
E. of Oronsay. Lon. 6. 17. W. Lat. 56. 59. N.
Gudenah, X. Bahar ; 40 WNW. Chuprah.
Gudenfeld, X. Prussia ; 25 S. Brandenburg.
Gudensberg, X. Hesse Cassel ; 4 NNE. Fritz-
lar, 8 S. Cassel. Lon. 9. 22. E. Lat. 51. 12. N.
Gudgow, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 60 NE. Chan-
dor. Gudjara, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 10 NE. Gohud.
Gudmunden, X. Sweden, in Angermannland ;
18 N. Hernosand.
Gudrajegunge, X. Hind., Bahar ; 8 W. Arrah.
Gue de Longroy, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir;'
10 NE. Chartres, 12 W. Dourdan.
Gue de Veluire, X. France, in La Vendee ; 8
SSW. Fontenay le Comte.
Guebersweir, X. France, in Upper Rhine ; 3
NNW. Ruffach, 4 SSW. Colmar.
Guebweiller, X. France, in Upper Rhine; 10
SSW. Colmar, 24 NNW. Bale. Pop. 2,522. A
canal was made from hence to New Brisac, on
the Rhine, by order of Louis XIV.
Guegan, r. Spain, which runs into the Xucar,
a little below Cuenca.
Guedall, r. N. Wales, which rises in Mont
gomeryshire, and runs into the Doue, 2 miles
above Machunleth.
Guedam, mt. Abyssinia, S. Arkiko.
Gueguetenango, X. Guatimala, in Chiapa ; 120
SE. Chiapa dos Espagnols. Lon. 93. 16. W. Lat.
16. 20. N.
Guegon, X. France, in Morbihan ; 2 SW. Jos-
selin. Pop. 2,400.
Guejozingo, X. Mexico, capital of a district of
the same name ; 48 SW. Mexico.
Guelderland, or Guelders, (Duchy of), pr.
Netherlands, bounded N. by Overissel, E. by
Westphalia, south by Juliers-Cleves-Berg and
North Brabant, and W. by Utrecht, Holland,
and the Zuyder Zee. The surface is generally
level, and the soil not veiy fertile. The pro
ductions are corn, buck wheat, potatoes, fruit,
tobacco, hops, and pasturage. Sq. m. 2,018.
Pop.some years since, 243,077; in 1820,270,659.

GUE

697

GOR

Divisions.

Pop.

Arnheim . .

. 74,461

Nimeguen .

. 49,339

Zutphen . .

. 79,035

Thiel . .

. 46,252

Capitals.
Arnheim
. Nimeguen
. Zutphen
. Theil
Guelderlandt, see Guilderlandt.
Gueldres, t. Prussian Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in
Cleves ; 22 NNE. Ruremond, 72 SE. Amster
dam. Lon. 6. 19. E. Lat.51. 81. N. Pop. 1,556.
It gave name to foe province of Guelderland,
of which it was formerly the capital. It is in
cluded in that part of Guelderland which now
belongs to Prussia. It is advantageously situ
ated amidst marshes, on the river Niers, whose
waters fill the ditches ; and was formerly so
strongly fortified, as hardly to be taken, except
by famine.
Giielgem, t. Flanders ; 4 W. Courtray.
•Guellas, small isl. in the English channel,
near the coast of France. Lon. 3. 15. W. Lat.
48. 51. N.
Guemar, t. France, in Upper Rhine ; 4 S.
Schlettstatt ; 6 N. Colmar. Pop. 815.
Guimeni, X. France, in Morbihai) ; 9 W. Pon-
tivy. Pop. 1,325.
Guemene, X. France, in Lower Loire ; 9 N.
Brain. Pop. 3,383.
Gitene, (Lo,) t. France, in Correze ; 2 SE.
Tulle, 10 NW. Argental.
Gueqiie, r. S. America, which runs into foe
Caribbean sea, 40 E. Venezuela.
Guer, c. France, which runs into the English
channel, Lon. 3. 28. W. Lat. 48. 45. N.
Guer, t. France, in Morbihan ; 9 ESE. Plo-
ermel, 27 ENE. Vannes. Pop. 4,850.
Guerande, t. France, and principal place of a
district, in Lower Loire ; 13 S. Roche Bernard,
36 W. Nantes. Lon. 2. 15. W. Lat. 47. 20. N.
Pop. 7,222.
Guerard, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 6
W. Colommiers, 24 E. Paris. Pop. 1,653.
Guercie, (La,) X. France, and principal place
of a district, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 9 S. Vitre, 18
ESE. Rennes. Lon. 1. 10. W. Lat. 47. 57. N.
Pop. 3,578.
Guerche, (La,) I. France, in Cher ; 7 N. San-
coins. Pop. 1,176.
Guerche, (La,) X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ;
9 NW. Preuilly, 24 NNE. Poitiers.
Guerche, (La,) X. France, in Sarte ; 7 N. Le
Mans. Pop. 581.
Guerel, X. France, and capital of Creuse ; 9£
posts NNE. Limoges. Lon. 1. 57. E. Lat. 46.
10. N. Pop. 3,358. It is situated near the source
of the Gartempe, between 2 mountains, at some
distance from the Creuse. The air is thick, and
gives the inhabitants a heavy, melancholy ap
pearance. — Native, Varillas.
Guerleh Hassan, X. Nubia, on foe Nile, 9 m.
below Dakki. Here is an excavated temple, a
wonderful monument of labour and ancient
magnificence. It consists of an area or outer-
court, 64 feet in length and 36 in breadth, hav
ing 6 columns on each side, to which are
attached statues of priests. There are three
chambers of considerable size and 4 smaller
apartments. Guergela, see Wergela.
Guerigny, X. France, ui Nyevre ; 8 N. Nevers.
Guerilum, now Bamba.
Vol. I. 88

Gnerlesquin, t. France, in Finisterre ; 10 SE.
Morlaix, 13 N. Carhaix. Pop. 1,517.
Guermange,X. France, Meurte; 4 E. Dieze,
10 W. Sarhurg.
Guemaduas, X. Cuba ; 32 ESE. Spirito Santo.
Guernsey, (an. Sarnia,) isl. in the English
channel, about 30 miles in circ. ; still governed
by the laws of Normandy, of which it was an
ciently a part ; and though subject to England,
and declared to be in the county of Hants, and
diocess of Winchester, the French language is
universally made use of. The air is pure, and
the inhabitants in general healthy and long-
lived. The soil is rich and fertile. The inhab
itants cany on a considerable trade to New
foundland and the Mediterranean. The staple
manufacture is knit stockings. Port St. Pierre
is the chief town. Lon. 2. 43. W. Lat. 49. 30.
N. Pop. 21,293.
Guernsey, co. Ohio. Pop. 9,292. Chief town,.
Cambridge. Guericaiz, t Spain, in Biscay; 9 E. Bilboa.
Guesca, X. New-Navarre ; 195 S. Casa Grande.
Guescar, see Huescar.
Gueschart, X. France, in Somme ; 12 NNE.
Abbeville. Gueta, or Hueta, t. Spain, in New-Castile,
situated on a small river ; 34 WNW. Cuenca,
43 E. Madrid. Lon. 3. 1. W. Lat. 40. 20. N.
Pop. 2,500. It contains 10 parishes, 7 convents,
and 3 hospitals. It is said to have been found
ed 930 years before Christ.
Guetaria, s-p. Spain, in Guipuscoa, with a
good harbour at the mouth of the Orio ; 9 W.
St. Sebastian.
Guetaring, X. Carinthia ; 8 NE. St Veit.
Gudenstain, X. Carinthia.; 6 S. Lavamund.
Guetta, (Le,) X. in the island of Curacao.
Guettau, X. Austria ; 9 ESE. Freystatt.
Guetzou, X. Bav.; 3W. Eltman.
Guevetlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the
Pacific ocean, Lon. 94. 37. W. Lat. 15. 25. N.
Guevetlan, see Soconusco.
Guenghon, t. France, in SaOne-and-Loire ; 1 1
E. Bourbon Lancy. Pop. 1,050.
Guex, X. France, in Marne ; 5 W. Reims.
Guffin, T. Wales, in Caernarvon, which runs
into the Conway, near Aberconway.
Guglingen, X. Wurtemberg, on the Zaber ; 18
N. Stuttgart, 22 SSE. Heidelberg. Lon. 9. 7. E.
Lat. 49.5. N. Pop. 1,152.
Gugnecourt, X. France, in Vosges; 4 NW.
Bruyeres, 7 NE. Epinal.
Guguan, or St. Philip, one of the Mariane or
Ladrone islands. Lon. 146. 20. E. Lat. 17. 50. N.
Guhlau, X. Silesia, Neisse; 2 NE. Grotkau.
GwAr, t Silesia, in Oels ; 5 NNE. Militsch.
Guhrau, or Gurau, X. Silesia, in Glogau ; 17
E. Gros Glogau. Pop. 2,733.
Guhrau, X. Silesia ; 6 SW. Grotkau.
Guhre, t. Persia, in Laristan ; 16 E. Lar.
Guhungekkala, X. A.Turkey, in Adana; 25
N. Adana.
GUIANA, extensive country, S. A., bounded
N. by the Orinoco and the Atlantic, E. by the
Atlantic, S. by the Amazon, and W. by New-
Grenada. Lon. 50. to 70. 20. W. Lat. 3. S. to
8. 20. N. It is divided into 4 parts, Dutch,
French, Portuguese, and Spanish Guiana.
Guiana, along the sea shore for a considerable

GUI

69S

GUI

distance into foe interior, is uniformly level,
end of great fertility. In advancing into the
interior, the country rises into mountains, many
of which are sandy and barren, some of them
containing minerals ; interspersed with fertile
valleys. The country is generally overspread
with the most luxuriant vegetation, and pro
duces many rare and valuable plants, and va- ,
rious kinds of wood much esteemed for orna
mental furniture. The climate is mild for a
tropical region. The country is intersected by
the tributary streams of the Amazon and Ori
noco. The principal rivers flowing into the
Atlantic are Essequibo, Demerara, Berbice,
Canje, Surinam, Maroni, and Oyapok.
Dutch Guiana is bounded N. by the Atlantic,
E. and S. by French Guiana, and W. by Span
ish Guiana; extending from the river Maroni
on the east, to Cape Nassau on the west. The
eastern part, called Surinam, belongs to the
Netherlands, and the western part, including
the settlements of Berbice, Demarara, and Es
sequibo, belongs to Great Britain. See Suri
nam, Berbice, Demarara, and Essequibo.
French Guiana is bounded N. by Dutch Guia
na, NE. and E. by the Atlantic,' S. by Portu
guese Guiana, and W. by Spanish and Dutch
Guiana. This province is also called Cayenne,
from its principal town. P. 33,500. See Cayenne.
Portuguese Guianais bounded N. by Spanish
and French Guiana, S. by the Amazon, and W.
by New-Grenada. It is united to the kingdom
of Brazil.
Spanish Guiana is bounded NW. and N. by
the Orinoco, E. by the Atlantic, Dutch, and
French Guiana, S. by Portuguese Guiana, and
W. by New-Grenada. It forms a province of
Venezuela or Caraccas, and is separated from
the other provinces by the Orinoco. The in
terior of the country is woody and mountain
ous, interspersed with fine fertile valleys, yield
ing corn and pasture. The exports consist of
cattle, mules, dyeing drugs, gums, medicinal
roots, sugar, tobacco, Brazil and other woods.
It is very thinly peopled. Pop. estimated at
34,000. Chief town, St. Thomas.
Guiana, X. S. America, on the Orinoco, about
100 miles below Angostura. It is an old Span
ish settlement, containing upwards of 30 houses.
Guiana, see Goiana.
Guiandot, see Guyandat.
Guibara, X. Cuba; 65 N. St. Jago.
Guibarra, r. Ireland, iii Donegal, which runs
into the Atlantic, 13 N. Killybegs.
Guibay, r. Paraguay, which runs into the
Parana. Guiche, (La,) 1. France, in^3a6ne-and-Loire ;
S NNE. Charolles, 10 NW. Cluny. Pop. 894.
Guichen, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, and
district of Redon. Pop. 2,660.
Guicquelleau, X. France, in Finisterre ; 3
NNW. Lesneven.
Guidel, X. France, in Morbihan ; 5 NW. L'
Orient. Guidel, X. France, in Finisterre ; 4 S. Quim-
.perle. Guidiszolo, X. Italy ; 12 NW. Mantua.
Guidore, r. Ireland, in the county of Done
gal, which runs into the Atlantic, 5 S. Bloody
Farland's point.

Guienne, before the revolution a province of
France, which made part ofthe government of
the same name ; about 160 miles in length, and
85 in breadth, of which Bourdeaux is the capital.
Guierche, see Guerche.
Gujeeah, X. Bengal ; 10 S. Gorogat
Gujerjinlik, X. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 25
NNW. Urmia.
Gujethetty, t. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 9 N.
Damicotta. Guifoni; X. Corsica ; 13 S. Corte. ;
Guignen, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 13
SSW. Rennes, 18 NNE. Redon. Pop. 2,660.
Guiguan, isl. in the E. Indian ocean, near E.
coast of the island of Samar, about 20 m. in circ.
Lon. 125. 56. E. Lat. 11. 21. N.
Guigues, l. S. A., in Venezuela, which runs
into the Atlantic, Lon. 69. 35.W. Lat. 11. 15. N.
Guilacar, X. Africa, in Hoval ; 15 N. Bieurti.
GuUairi, (La,) t. France, in Channel; 9 SE.
Coutances. Guileapuzico, X. S. A., La Paz; 48 N. Potosi,
Guilderlandt, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. ; 12
WNW. Albany, W. 368. Pop. 2,270. In this
township is a considerable village, called Ham
ilton, 8 from Albany, which contains 2 glass
houses, where large quantities of window glass
are manufactured.
Guildford, X. Eng., in Surry, on the side of a
hill near the river Wey, which is navigable for
barges to the Thames; 30 SSW. London, 31
NNE. Chichester. Lon. 0. 34. W. Lat. 51. 14.
N. Pop. 2,974. It is a corporation, and sends
2 members to parliament. It contains 3 church
es, a public grammar school, founded by Ed
ward VI., and a hospital for the maintenance
of single aged men and women. The summer
assizes are held alternately at Guildford and
Croydon. Here is a weekly market on Satur
day. — Native, Abp. Abbot.
Guildhall, p-t. fa cap. Essex co. Vt, on the
Connecticut, opposite Lancaster, with which it
is connected by a bridge ; 65 ENE. Montpelier,
W. 574. Pop. 529.
Guilford, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine ; about
50 NW. Bangor, W. 700. Pop. 325.
Guilford, p-t. Windham co. Vt; 60S. Wind
sor, W. 423. Pop. 1,862.
Guilford, bor., p-t. fa s-p. New-Haven co. Ct.,
on Long island sound; 15 E. New-Haven, 36
S. Hartford,W.320. Lon.72.42.W. Lat.41.17.N.
Pop.in 1810, 3,825; in 1820,4,131. Itcomprises4
parishes, and contains 7 houses of public wor
ship, 4 Congregational, 1 Episcopalian, 1 Me
thodist, and 1 Baptist. It has 2 harbours, and
carries on considerable trade, chiefly with New-
York. Shoemaking is a considerable business,
and large quantities of oysters are obtained
here. The borough was incorporated in 1815,
and is pleasantly situated, about 2 miles from
the harbour, and contains 150 dwelling houses.
The Indian name of Guilford was Menunkatuck.
Guilford, p-t. Chenango co, N. Y. ; 8 S. by
E. Norwich, 104 W. by S. Albany, W. 333.
Pop. 2,175.
Guilford, X. Franklin co. Pa. ; SE. of Cham-
bersburg. Pop. 2,439.
Guilford, co. N. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
11,420; slaves, 1,467. Pop. in 1820, 14,611.
Cef town, Martinsville,

GUI

699

GUL

Guillestire, t. France, in Higher- Alps; 9
NNW. Embrun. Pop. 1,067.
Guillon, t. France, in Yonne ; 7 E. Avallon.
Guimaraens, X. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-
Minho, on the Ave, divided into Old and New
Town ; 10 SE. Braga, 27 NNE. Oporto. Lon.
7. 57. W. Lat. 41.26. N. Pop. 7,400. H. 1,480.
It contains 6 churches, 4 hospitals, and 6 con
vents. The collegiate church of Notre Dame
d'Oliveira is said to be founded on the ruins of
a temple of Ceres. Guimaraens contains 15
squares, 57 streets, 8 gates, and 4 bridges. Here
is likewise a manufacture of linen, in high esti
mation. Guimaras, or Imaras, one of the Philippine
islands, about 30 miles in circ, covered with
trees, and producing a great quantity of sarsa
parilla, about 6 miles from the island of Panay.
Lon. 122. 30. E. Lat. 40. 45. N.
Guimbala, see Jinbala.
Guinala, X. Africa, in Biafares. Lat. 11.25. N.
Guinea, a name applied to a large extent of
the western coast of Africa, stretching from
Benin on the east, to the river Mesurado on the
west. Lon. 3. E. to 11. W. It is usually divid
ed into 4 portions, beginning on the west, call
ed Grain coast, Ivory coast, Gold coast, and
Slave coast. [See each.] The inhabitants on
the Slave coast are the most civilized, but the
principal European establishments are on the
Gold coast. The Grain and Ivory coasts have
been but little frequented by Europeans. In the
interior lie the countries of Ashantee, Dahomey,
fac. The name of Upper Guinea is sometimes
applied to the countries on this coast, and Lower
Guinea to Congo, Loango, fac.
Guinea, (New,) or Papua, isl. in the Pacific
ocean, N. of New-Holland, from which it is
separated by Endeavour straits. Lat. 0. to 8.
S. The inhabitants of the northern .parts are
called Papous, and are more like the Moluc-
cans than the New-Hollanders. The coasts are
generally lofty, and inland foe country is
mountainous. The principal commerce is with
the Chinese, who bring them tools and uten
sils, receiving in exchange pearls, tortoise-shells,
ambergris, birds of Paradise, and other birds.
Guineara, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 10 SW.
Ruttunpour. Guines, or Guisnes, X. France, in Straits-of-
Calais ; 4 W. Ardres, 6 S. Calais. Pop. 2,342.
Guingamp, t. France, and principal place of
a district, in North-Coasts ; 32£ posts W. St.
Brieuc ; 60\ W. Paris. Lon. 3. 4. W. Lat. 48.
33. N. Pop. 5,190.
Guiolle, (La,) X. France, in Aveiron; 24
NNE. Rhodez. Pop. 1;S33.
Guiomete, country, Africa, on foe Ivory coast,
of small.breadfo towards the sea, but consider
able inland. It is populous, rich, and celebrat
ed for its trade in gold, ivory, and slaves.
Guipavaz, X. France, in Finisterre ; 6 W. Lan-
derneau, 4/NE. Brest
Guiprey, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 6
W. Bain, 13 NE. Redon. Pop. 2,987.
Guipuscoa, pr. Spain, bounded N. by the At
lantic, E. by France, SE. by Navarre, S. by
Alava, and W. by Biscay ; 25 miles in lenglh
from N. to S., and from 15 to 20 in breadth
from E. to W. The countiy is mountainous

and woody. The chief towns are Tolosa, St.
Sebastian, and Fontarabia. Pop. 120,716.
Guir, r. Fez, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 33. 45. N.
Guiraca, s-p. S. America, in the province of
St. Martha ; 15 E. St. Martha.
Guirghin, X. Africa, in Fonia. Lon. 16. W.
Lat. 12. 15. N.
Guisa, X. Cuba ; 35 N. Trinidad. Pop. 6,000.
Guisborough, X. Eng., in N. Riding of York
shire ; 8 NE. Stokesley. Pop. 1,834. It is re
markable for its romantic and delightful situa
tion. Guiscard, (formerly Magny,) t. France, in
Oise ; 5 N. Noyon. Pop. 1,178.
Guite, X. France, seat of a tribunal, in Aisne,
on the Oise; 14 E. St. Quentin. 20 N. Laon.
Lon. 3. 42. E. Lat. 49. 55. N. Pop. 3,039.
Guisely, t. Eng., in the West Riding of York
shire ; 2 S. Ottley.
Guishden, r. Ireland, which rises in Mayo',
and runs into the Moy, in Galway.
Guiso, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 10 NE. Meaco.
Guisoni, X. Corsica ; 16 S. Corte. Pop. 22§.
Guisopa, X. Spain, Catalonia ; 8 N. Cervera.
Guitre, X. France, in Gironde ; 3 N.Libourne.
Pop. 1,000.
Gujurat, or Gujerat, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 50
N. Lahore. Lon. 73. 25. E. Lat. 32. 37. N.
Guizarra, X. Africa, in Barca ; 20 E. Augela.
Gulamber, X. Curdistan ; 30 NW. Sherezur.
Gulamerick, t. Curdistan ; 60 SSW. Van.
Gulanness, cape on the coast of Scotland, the
S. point where the frith of Forth enters the
German sea, as Fifeness forms the N. Lon. '2.
44. W. Lat. 56. 5. N.
Guide, r. Denmark, which runs into the Cat
tegat, a few miles ENE. Randers.
Guldenstein, t. Denmark, in Funen ; 3 SE.
Bogensee. Guldenstein, X. Holstein ; 20 SSW. Oldenburg.
Gulf Stream, a remarkable current in the
ocean, which runs along the coast, at unequal
distances, from Cape Florida to the banks of
Newfoundland, where it turns off and runs
through the Azores ; thence to the coast of
Africa, and along that coast in a southern di
rection, till it arrives at and supplies the place
of those waters, carried by the constant trade
winds, from the coast of Africa towards foe
west, thus producing a constant circulating cur
rent. The distance from the shores of the
southern states is about 75 miles, increasing to
wards the north. The width is 40 or 50 miles,
widening northerly. Its rapidity varies; oppo
site to Florida, about 5 miles an hour, decreas
ing northerly to about 1 mile an hour, opposite
to New-England.
Gulfar, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 13 NE. Viseu.
Gulistana, X. Persian Armenia ; 25 SE. Kanja.
Gulkiras, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 12 miles
from Amasieh.
Gull Island, small isl. on foe coast of New
foundland, near Cape St. John.
Gull Island, small island near the coast of N.
Carolina, in Pamlico sound. Lon. 76. 11. W
Lat. 35. 28. N.
Gull Isles, (Greot, fa Little,) two small islands
on the coast of Ct ; 8 S. New-London.
Gullabgunge, t. Hind., Bilsah; 15 N. Bilsah.

GUN

700

GUN

Gtt%mtoor,t. Hind.; in Rajamundry; 30 NE.
Rajamundry. Gullary, X. Visiapour; 16 NW. Baddammy.
Gullspang, r. Sweden, which forms a commu
nication between the Skaker and the Wenner
lakes. Gullipanuig, X. Carhatic- ; 28 WSW. Madura.
Gulma, X. Morung ; 85 E. Amerpour.
Gulny, X. Asia, in Cashy ; 14 SE. Cashy.
Gulpe, r. Limburg, which runs into foe Geul,
2 miles above Fauquemont.
Gulpen, X. Neth., in Limburg ; 4 S. Fauque
mont. Pop. 1,560.
Gull, X. Prussia, in Natangen ; 9 SSW. Lick.
Gulubur, X. New Navarre; 125 SSW. Casa
Grande. Gulzow, t. Pomerania ; 14 SE. Cummin. Pop.
393. Gum Springs, p-v. Orange co. Va. W. 92.
Gum Shade, p-v. Henderson co. Ken.; W. 761.
Gumboritz, X. Russia, Olonetz ; 16 S. Olonetz.
Gumaca, X. on NE. coast of Lu<:on. Lon. 122.
27. E. Lat 14. 21. N.
Gumbinnen, X. East Prussia, capital of a gov
ernment of the same name, on the Pissa ; 65 E.
Konigsberg. Lon. 22. 35. E. Lat. 54. 32. N.
Fop. 5,246. It contains 1 Calvinist, and 2 Luth.
chh., a gymnasium, a public library, has con
siderable trade in corn, and some manufactures
of woollen, cotton, and leather, and is regular
ly and neatly built. — The government of Gum
binnen has been lately formed; and comprizes
Prussian Lithuania, and is divided into 9 cir
cles, viz. Gumbinnen, Oletzko, Johannisburg,
Memel, Stallupohnen, Tilsit, Niederungen, An-
gerburg, and Rhein. Pop. 351,058. Sq. miles,
6,148. Gumedli, r. Persia, which runs into foe Ka
rasu ; 40 S. Kirmansha.
Gumiel d'Izan, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 28 W.
Osma. Gumiel de Mercada, X. Spain, in Old Castile ;
32 S. Burgos.
Gttminen, X. Switz., in Berne ; 5 W. Berne.
Gumipollam, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 53 NNE.
Bangalore, 98 E. Chitteldroog. Lon. 78. 5. E.
Lat. 14. 48. N.
Gumish-Kaneh, (an. Byla,) X. Turkish Arme
nia; 33 SSE. Trebisond, 65 .NNW. Erzerum.
Gumlingen, X. Switz., in Berne ; 2 E. Berne.
Gumma, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 56 N. Jedo.
Gummurge, X. Hind, in Chandail; 45 WNW.
Siapour. Gumpenstein, X. Stiria ; 16 W. Rottenmann.
Gumpoltzkirchen,X. Austria; 8S. Vienna. Pop.
1,400. Gumra, t. Africa, in Sahara, surrounded with
earthen wails ; 150 S. Algiers.
Gumsoor, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 80 SW. Cattack.
Lon. 84. 49. E. Lat. 19. 45. N.
Gumurginia, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 40
SW. Trajanopolis. Pop. 6,000.
Gunaiskog,t. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 34 NW.
Carlstadt Gundamook, t Candahar, on the Kameh ; 40
SSE. Cabul.
Gundanilla, X. on S. coast of Porto Rico.
Gundavee, t Guzerat, on a river which runs
into the gulf of Cambay; 25 S. Surat The chief
trade is in teak-wood.

Gunddvow, t. Guzerat, on the cbast ; 45 SW.
Noanagur. Gundelfingen, X. Bavaria, on the Brenz, near
the Danube; 19.NE. Ulm, 38 W. Neuburg. Lon.
10. 19. E. Lat. 48. 32. N. Pop. 2,101.
GundellyX. Guzerat ; 30 ENE. Junagur.
Gundelsheim, X. Wurt., on the Neckar; 30
E. Heidelberg. Pop. 785.
Gundersdorfi X. Austria ; 6 N. Sonnbberg, 26
NNW. Vienne. Pop. 1,800.
Gundewa, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 12 SE.
Chatterpour. Gundiaw, X. Hind., Tatta ; 32 SSE. Tatta.
Gundigul, X. Hind., Ellore ; 60 NE. Ellore.
Gundilipally, X. Hind., Mysore ; 20 NW. Da
micotta, 50 S. Seringapatam. Lon. 76. 45. E.
Lat. 11. 44. N.
Gundis, X. Switz., in the Valais ; 3 NW. Sion.
Gundoor, X. Carnatic ; 18 S. Nedlore.
Gundoor, X. Hind., Condapilly ; 7 NW. Masu-
lipatam. Gundoroeskaia, X. Russia, in the country of the
Cosacs, on the Donetz ; 112 N. Azoph.
Gunduck, r. Asia, which rises in Napaul, and
runs into the Ganges, oppositePatna.
Gundwanah, see Goondwanah.
Gungadi, X. Africa, in Kijaaga, on the Sene
gal ; 15 E. Joa.
Gunruekpour, X. Bengal ; 10 S. Nulshi.
Gunganagurry, X. Mysore ; 8 SSE. Kistngheri.
Gunganar, X. Canara ; 25 SSE. Onore.
Gungavera,X. Mysore ; 20 E. Rydroog.
Gungolee, X. Canara ; 6 NW. Barcelor.
Gunjew, t. Boggilcund ; 20 NE. Rewah.
Gunjoorya, X. Bengal ; 13 N. Noony.
Gunki, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 105 NE. Jedo.
Gunma, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 40 KW,
Hudwickswall. Gunna, one of the smaller Scotch Hebrides.
Lon. 6. 41. W. Lat. 56. 35. N.
Gunnarskeg, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 40
NW. Carlstadt.
Gunnispour, X. Bengal ; 30 S. Curruckdeah.
Gunolps Fiord; bay, on E. coast of Iceland.
Lat. 65. 50. N.
Gunong- Tellu, or Tominy, large bay, on E.
coast of Celebes, near 180 miles long from E.
to W., and from 50 to 90 broad. Many small
islands are found in it. Lon. of the entrance,
124. E. Lat. 0. 12. S.
Gunpowder, p-v. Baltimore co. Md. ; W. 50,
Gunpowder-neck, peninsula, Harford co. Md.,
formed by Gunpowder and Bush rivers.
Gunpowder River, r. Md., which runs into the
Chesapeake, 11 N. of the Patapsco.
Gunta; X. Peru, capital of a jurisdiction, in
Guamanga ; 20 N. Guamanga.
Gunthersberg, X. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg :
17 S. Halberstadt, 28 SW. Bernburg. Lon. 11.
11. E. Lat. 51.39. N. Pop. 783;
Guntersblum, X. Hesse Darmstadt; 6 SE. Op-
penheim. Pop. 1,539.
Guntoor, circar, Hind., immediately N. of foe
Carnatic, and S. of the Kistnah ; artd extending
along the coast of the bay of Bengal about 40
miles ; lately ceded to foe English. It is called
also the circar of Condavir, and the circar of
Mortizanagar ; the sea coast is flat, and there
are several fortresses and strong towns in foe
interior part.

GUR

701

GUR

Guntoor, fortress, Hind., in a circar to which
it gives name ; 18 S. Condapilly, 43 W. Masuli-
patam. Lon. 80. 20. E. Lat. 16. 20. N.
Guntras, X. S. A., in Chocos, on a river of the
same name ; 130 S. Popayan.
Guntz, or Kesseg, X. Hungary; 9NW. Sarvar,
40 S. Vienna. Pop. 5,139. It contains 2 Cath.
chh., 1 Luth., a Cath. gymnasium, and a Luth.
school. It is situated on a river of the same
name, with a castle, surrounded by a rampart
and a ditch, in a country abounding in corn and
wine. Guntzelstorff, X. Austria, situated on the Tri-
esing ; 5 SE. Baden.
Guntzkirchen, X. Austria ; 4 W. Wels.
Gunz, r. Ger., which runs into the Danube,
near Gunzburg.
Gunzburg, or Gunzberg, X. Bav., circle of the
Upper Danube, situated at the conflux of the
Gunz and the Danube ; 5 W. Burgau, 15 E. Ulm.
Lon. 10. 16. E. Lat. 48. 27. E. Pop. 2,797. It
has a strong castle and a gymnasium.
Gunzenhausen, X. Bav., circle of the Upper
Maine, on the Altmuhl; 10 SSE. Anspach, 17 E.
Dinkelsbuhl. Lon. 10. 43. E. Lat. 49. 7. N. It
contains two churches, and a hospital. Pop.
1,500. Guphonisse, two small islands in foe Grecian
Archipelago, called Great and Little; 3 SE.
Naxia. Gupmdaporum, X. Bengal ; 70 S. Dacca.
Gura; X. Poland ; 3 N. Czersk. *
Gurdkova, X. Moldavia ; 7 W. Vaslui.
Guragamu, X. Bengal ; 24 NW. Purneah.
Gurau, see Guhrau.
Gurba, (an. Curobis,) X. Africa, on E. coast of
Tunis ; 21 SW. Clybea, 35 ESE. Tunis. Lon.
11. 10. E. Lat. 36. 34. N. It was formerly a
considerable place, though the ruins of an
aqueduct and cisterns are the only remains of
its former grandeur.
Gurbe, X. Ceylon ; IS ESE. Columbo.
Gurbos, or Hammam Gurbos, (an. Carpis,) t.
Africa, on E. side of the bay of Tunis ; 23 E.
Tunis. Here are the ruins of an ancient hot
bath, and other buildings.
Gurk, X. Carinthia, circle of Clagenfurt, on a
river of the same name ; 12 N. Clagenfurt, 126
SW. Vienna. Lon. 13. 58. E. Lat. 46. 50. N.
Bp. see. Its principal trade is in iron.
Gurk, r. Ger., which rises from the lake Se-
pach, in NE. part of Upper Carinthia, passes
by the town of Gurk, in Lower Carinthia, and
runs into the Drave, about a mile above Vol-
kenmarck. Gurkfeld, X. Lower Carniola, on the Save ;
6 W. Rein, 12 SSE. Cilley. Lon. 15. 20. E. Lat
46. 15. N. Pop. 2,200.
Gurdaiz, X. Candahar ; 28 E. Ghizni, 266 W.
Lahore. Gurein, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 8 NNW. Brunn.
Pop. 821.
Gurewar, X. Hind., in Oude, on the Dewah ;
30 NW. Fyzabad.
Gurev, or Gurjew, X. Russia, in Caucasus, at
the mouth of the Ural, on the Caspian sea ; 172
ENE. Astrachan, 256 SE. Saratov. Lon. 52. E.
Lat. 47. 10. N.
Gunz, X. Walachia ; 20 WSW. Kimnik.
Gurga, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 18 S. Rotas.

Gurgenagur, t. Carnatic ; 10 NW. Trihko-i
maly. Gurgong, X. Bengal ; 12 N. Roganatpour.
Gurgovatz, X. Eu. Turkey, Bulgaria ; 36 SSW.
Viddin. Gurgudgepour, X. Hind., in Oude, on the left
bank of the Ganges ; 66 WSW. Kairabad.
Gurgistan, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 15 SE.
Jezdkast. Gurhady, X. Hind., in Mohurbunge;, 20 S.
Harriorpour. Gurhea, X. Bengal ; 20 W. Nagore.
Guriano, t. Africa ; 40 S. Tripoli.
Guriel, small country, Asia, bounded N. by
Mingrelia, from which it is separated by the
Rione, NE. by Imiretta, E. by Turkish Armenia,-
and elsewhere by the Black sea. It is governed
by a prince, dependent on Turkey ; and with
respect to soil, climate, and manners of the in
habitants, it much resembles Mingrelia. Goriieh
is the chief place.
Gurigliano, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 5 W.
Rossano. Guririba, harbour on the coast of Brazil.
Lon. 47. W. Lat. 1. S.
Gurlapar, X. Carnatic ; 38 W. Ongole.
Gurmacktisher, X. Hind. ; 40 ,E. Delhi.
Gurmada, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 10 SW.
Combam. Gurmah, X. Bahar ; 40 SE. Boglipour.
Gurnady, X. Bengal ; 45 SE. Mahmudpour.
Gurmeti, t. Natolia ; 10 miles from Kiutaja.
Gurnan, X. Pru.; 4 S. Gumbinnen.
Gurnet Bay, bay on N. coast of the Isle of
Wight ; 2 W. Cowes.
Gurnet Point, cape on N. coast of the Isle of
Wight. Lon. 1. 11. W. Lat. 50. 45. N.
Gurovka, X. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Ingul ; 76 SW. Ekaterinoslav.
Gurrah, X. Bengal ; 64 NNW. Midnapour.
Gurrah,X. Hind, in Oude ; 27 SE. Lucknow.
Gurrah, X. Hind., capital of a circar, called,
Gurrah Mundella, situated on both sides of
the Nerbuddah river; foe town stands about
5 miles N. the same river ; 168 SSW. Allaha
bad, 208 SW. Benares. Lon. 8. 23. E. Lat. 23.
9. N.
Gurrah Mundella, circar, Hind., formerly a
part of Goondwaneh, now in Malwah ; 170 m. in
length, and from 40 to 80 in breadth, between
the countries of Allahabad and Berar. The
Nerbuddah crosses it from E. to W. The prin
cipal towns are Gurrah and Mundella.
Gurramconda, X. Hind., in foe Mysore coun
try ; 73 NE. Bangalore, 112 WNW. Madras.
Lon. 78. 36. E. Lat. 13. 47. N.
Gwrrdhy, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 11 SSW. Arrah.
Gurran Island, one of the small Bahama isls
Lon. 77. W. Lat. 25. 54. N.
Gurrood, X. Hind., Singrowla ; 60 E. Saipour.
Gurrumcondah, X. Hind., in the Carnatic, cap
ital of a district, defended by a fort. Lon. 78. 40
E. Lat. 13. 45. N.
Gurrya, X. Hind., in Oude ; '60 WSW. kai
rabad. Gurschdorf X. Silesia ; 3 NW. Ziegenhals.
Gurschintzki, X. Prussia ; 4 SSE. Strasburg.
Gursenry,. X. Hind., in Singrowla ; 40 SE.
Saipour. Gursoot, X. Hind., Kitchwara ; 24 W. Ougein.

GUT

702

GUZ

Gurt, X. Prussia ; 5 N. Bischofswerder.
Gurthos, one of the small Bahama islands
Lon. 77. 40. W. Lat. 26. 30. N.
Gurtnamaekin, r. Ireland, which rises near
Loughrea, in Galway, and runs into Galway
bay, 8 S. Galway.
Gurtumea, r. Spain, which runs into the sea,
at St. Sebastian, in Guipuscoa.
Gurunhuel, X. France, in North-Coasts; 6
SW. Guingamp.
Gurya, t. Bengal ; 24 N. Dinagepour.
Gurymurry, X. Assam ; 45 E. Rangamatty.
Gusdall, X. Norway, in Christiania; 85 N.
Christiania. Gusino Nos, cape on W. coast of Nova Zem
bla. Lon. 51. 14. E. Lat. 73. 30. N.
Gusipour, X. Bengal ; 36 NE. Dacca.
Gussbach, X. Bav. ; 6 N. Bamberg.
Gussiah, t. Bengal ; 30 W. Islamabad.
Gussola, X. Italy ; 15 ESE. Cremona.
Gussolengo, t. Italy, in Verona, on the Adige;
6 WNW. Verona.
Gusser ul Bain, X. desert of Syria, in ruins ;
110 ESE. Aleppo.
Gustaf small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast
of Finland, with a town ; 28 W. Abo. Lon. 21.
12. E. Lat. 61.35. N.
Gustaf Adolphs% Finland ; 57 NE. Tavasthus.
Gustan, X. Persia, in Couhestan ; 45 SSW.
Tabas-kiliki. Gustan, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 8 NW. Rotas.
Gustanswerlh, fortress, Finland, in Nyland,
near Helsingfors.
Gustavus, t Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 371.
Guslen, X. Ger., in Anhalt Cothen, on the
Wipper ; 5 W. Bernburg, 12 W. Cothen. Lon.
11. 45. E. Lat 51. 50. N. Pop. 1,045.
Gusli, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 75 N. Schiras.
Gustow, X. Pomerania ; 12 SW. Bergen.
Gustrow, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin, capital of
a district, on the Nebel river ; 16 S. Rostock, 29
E.Wismar. Lon. 12. 3. E. Lat. 53. 48. N. Pop.
6,129. It is celebrated for its beer, which forms
the principal part of its trade.
Gusum, X. Sweden, in East Gothland; 22
ESE. Nordkioping.
Guta, X. Hungary ,"in the island of Schit, near
the conflux ofthe Waag and the Danube ; 7 N.
Comorn, 30 SE. Presburg.
Gutaigaita, r. S. A., which rises 30 miles N.
Lipes, in Buenos-Ayres, and runs into the Pilco
Mayo, 50 E. Zinti.
Gutenberg, X. Stiria ; 8 NNE. Gratz.
Gutenhaag, X. Stiria ; 7 N. Pettaw.
Gutenstein, X. Austria ; 10 SW. Baden. Pop.
1,400. Gutentag, or Dobrodcin, X. Silesia, in Oppeln ;
21 E. Oppeln, 40 E. Ratibor. Lon. 18. 28. E.
Lat. 50. 42, N. Pop. 1,284.
Gutenzell, or Guttenzell, v. Wurt. ; 10 E. Bi-
berach, 12 S. Ulm. Pop. 493.
Gutera, t Sicily, in the valley of Mazara ; 20
N. Girgenti.
Guterlitz, X. Weimar, in Neustadt; 3 NNW.
Auma. Guterschin, X. Pru. Posen; 48 S. Posen.
Gutigui, X. Visiapour ; 20 N. Anamsagtir.
Gutkiras,X. A. Turkey, Sivas; 10 NW. Amasia.
Gutland, X. Prussia; 15 SSE. Dantzic.
Gutnicke, t. Prussia ; 14 SE. Bartenstein.

Gufto, t. Bengal ; 20 SW. Doesa.
Gutta, t. Hungary, on foe isle of Schit, at the
conflux of the Waag and Danube; 7 N. Comorn.
Gutter, s-p. Persia, in Mecran, situated in a
bay of the Arabian sea ; 40 W. Guadel. Lon
61. 15. E. Lat. 25. 18. N.
Gutter, small isl. Arabian sea, near the coast
of Persia. Lon. 61. 10. E. Lat. 25. 15. N.
Gutterana, X. Hind., Sanore ; 15 E. Sanore.
Guttstadt, X. Prussia, in Ermeland ; 64 S. Ko
nigsberg. Fop. 2,547.
Guty, or Gooty, t. and celebrated fortress,
Hind., capital of a district of the same name,
formerly dependent on the kingdom of Visia
pour. Lon. 77. 35. E. Lat. 15. 9 N.
Gutzkow, X. Pru. Pomerania, capital of a
county; 24 S. Stralsund. Lon. 13. 23. E. Lat
53. 56. N. Pop. 834.
Gutura, X. Hind., in Bundelcund; 35 NE.
Chatterpour. Guul, r. Norway, which runs into Drontheim
bay, 14 W. Drontheim.
Guy, X. Hind., in Benares; 10 S. Chunar.
Guyamas, X. Senora, Mexico, at foe mouth of
the Yaqui.
Guyana, r. S. A., in Guiana, which runs into
the Essequibo, Lon. 59. W. Lat. 6. 15. N.
Guyapo, see Xanque.
Guyandot, or Guyandotte, p-v. Cabel co.Va. •,
W. 423.
Guyandot, (Big,) r. Va., which runs NW. in
to the Ohio, 327 miles below Pittsburg. It is
navigable for canoes 60 miles.
Guyandot, (Little,) r. Va., which runs into
the Ohio, Lon. 81. 12. W. Lat. 38. 14. N.
Guyandot, (Indian,) r. Gallia co. Ohio, which
runs into foe Ohio, nearly opposite to Big Guy
andot, in Virginia.
Guyern, X. Bav. ; 29 SE. Anspach.
Guysborough, or Manchester, X. Nova-Scotia,
in Chebucto bay, 10 leagues NW. Cape Canso,
40 E. Halifax.
Guzelhatty, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 10 N.
Damicotta. Guzel-hisar, (an. Magnesia Meandri,) X. A.
Turkev, in Natolia; 27 ESE. Scalanova, 40
NE. Milets. Lon. 27. 50. E. Lat 37. 45. N.
Pop. about 50,000. It is the residence of a
pacha, and is situated on the Meinder, built on
a hill, level at the top, and about. 3 miles in
circuit. The appearance of the city is very
beautiful, being full of courts and gardens,
planted with cypress and orange trees, and it
has a delightful view of foe plain of the Mein
der. It is a place of great trade, especially for
cotton and cotton-yarn, and has many rich
merchants, particularly Jews. The modern city
is about 4 miles in circuit, and is enclosed by
slight walls. There are marks of ancient build
ings, some of which were very magnificent,
found all over the city.
Guzel-hisar, (an. JEga,) X. A. Turkey, near
W. coast of Natolia; 15 NE. Fokia. Lon. 26.
54. E. Lat. 38. 4S. N.
Guzerat, (an. Larice,) country, Hind., in the
form of a peninsula, between the Arabian sea
and the gulfs of Cutch and Cambay ; about
170 miles in length, and 120 in breadth. This
is one of the riche t provinces in the Mogul
empire, abounding in rice, cotton, corn, sugar,

GWI

703

G21

fruits of various kinds, with plenty of cattle and
game. The rain is continual from the middle
of June to the middle of September ; during the
other months the sky is perpetually clear and
serene ; an abundant night dew refreshes the
plants, which, during the day, have been scorch
ed by the rays of a hot sun. This province
contains a great number of considerable towns,
with flourishing manufactures, and the woods
abound in different sorts of timber fit for build
ing, Amedabad is the capital.
Guzgooty, t. Bengal ; 8 N. Rungpour.
Guznoogul, pr. of the Kuttore country.
Gwahree, X. Bengal ; 3 N. Kishenagur.
Gwalior, strong fortress, Hind., in Gohud ;
60 S. Agra, 150 WSW. Lucknow. Lon, 78. 28.
E, Lat. 15. N. It is situated on a vast rock,
about 4 miles in length, but narrow, and nearly
flat at the top ; the height from the plain below
is in some places nearly 350 feet, almost per
pendicular. The town is situated at the foot of
a mountain, large and well built, with a num
ber of magnificent edifices, and the whole sur
rounded with a wall.
Gwalpara, X. Bengal ; 15 NW. Kishenagur.
Gwalpara, X. Bengal ; 28 NW. Dacca.
Gweger, r. which runs into the sea, on N.
coast of the island of Anglesea.
Gwelly, r. N. Wales, which runs into the sea,
about 4 S. Caernarvon.
Gwendralh Vag, r. Wales, in the county of
Caermarthen, which runs into the sea, a little
below Kidwelly.
Gwendrath Vaure, c. Wales, which runs into
the sea, a little below Kidwelly.
Gwennah, parish, Eng., in Cornwall, 6 miles
from Truro. Pop. 4,594.
Gwenrow, or Gwenurow, r. N, Wales, which
passes by Wrexham.
Gwetherick, r. S. Wales, which runs into the
Towey, nearLlanydovery,in Caermarthenshire.
Gwillumbury, X. Upper Canada; 32 N. York.
Gioilly, r. S. Wales, which runs into, the
Towey, near Caermarthen,

Gwinnet, co. Georgia Pop. 4,589.
Gwin's Island, small isl. in Chesapeake pay.
Lon. 76.21. W. Lat. 37. 30. N.
Gwyne, r. Wales, which runs into foe sea,
near Fisgard, in Pembrokeshire.
Gwynedd, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,221,
Gwylhel, r. which rises in the county of Rad
nor, and runs into the Arrow, near Kyneton,in
Staffordshire. ,
Gy, t. France, in Upper-Sa6ne ; 9 E. Gray.
Pop. 2,695.
Gyalgur, see Gawill.
Gyarmalh, X. Hungary ; 20 ESE. Levens.
Gyarus, now Joura. ¦
Gyey, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 12 NW.
Langres. Gykow, X. Holstein ; 10 W. Lutkenborg.
Gymnids, now Ginnis.
Gyongyos, t, Hungary, co. Heves ; 21 WSW,
Erlau. Lon. 19. 57. W. Lat. 47. 48. N. Pop.
8,000. It is finely situated on the side of a
mountain, is well built, and contains 4 Catholic
churches. Gyrow, r. Wales, which runs into the Dee,
5 below Bala, in Merionethshire.
Gyrt, s-p. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 30 SSE..
Nordkioping. Gy sur Seine, X. France, in Aube ; 5 N. Bar
sur Seine.
Gyaspour, X. Bengal ; 12 SW. Kishenagur.
Gyssens, X. Borneo, on E. coast. Lon.. 117. E.
Lat. 1. N.
Gyssone, X. Corsica ; 29 S. Corte.
Gylheum, now Colokithia.
Gythow, or Jelhow, small isl. in the English
channel, between Guernsey and the Greater
Stark. Gyula, or Julia, X. Hungary, capital of the
county of Bekes, on an island, in the river
Kores, with a castle ; 50 NNW. Temesvar, 92
WSW. Colosvar. Pop. 4,236.
Gzat, X. Russia, in Smolensk ; 88 ENE. Smo
lensk. Lon. 35. 14. E. Lat. 55. 34. N.
Gzinder, X. Prussia; 10 E. Dantzic.

H.

HAB ?

HAC

JJAA, small isl. in the N. sea, near the coast
of Scotland ; 3 SE. Farout Head. Lon. 4.28. W.
Lat. 58. 32. N.
Haack,X. Holland, on NE. coast ofthe island
of Walcheren ; near it is a light-house ; 3 NW.
Veere. Lon. 22. 7. E- Lat. 51. 38. N.
Haag, t. Bav. ; 6 N. Wasserburg, 28 E. Mu
nich. Pop. 785.
Haag, X. Austria ; 8 WNW. Schwanastadt.
floog, t. Austria ; 7 NE. Steyr, 10 SE. Ens.
Haag, t. Bav.; 6 S. Bayreuth.
Haag Nider, X. Austria ; 8 NW. Schwana
stadt. Hoot, or Hal, X. Arabia, in Oman ; 15 NW.
Mascat. Haamstede, X. Holland ; 5 SW. Browershaven.
Haano, one of the islands called Hapaee, in
foe S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 174. 15. W. Lat. 19.
41. S.
Haarburg, see Harburg.
Haaren, X. Westphalia, Minden ; 3 NE. Buren.
Haaren, X. Pru. Arensberg ; 2 E. Hamm.
Haarkirchin, X. Austria ; 3 N. Efferding.
Haarlem, see Haerlem.
Haatybunder, X. Bengal ; 38 SE. Dinagepour.
Haay, one of the Western islands of Scotland,
near the coast of Harris.
Habael, Islands of, (an. Alalasi,) cluster of
small islands in the Red sea, near the coast of
Abyssinia. Lat. 14. 15. N.
¦Habar, X. Persia, in Irak.
Habas, X. France, in Landes ; 9 NW. Orthez,
10 S. Dax. Pop. 1,624.
Habascia, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 25 E, Serrain.
Habaseh, (an. Thaubaslum,) X. Egypt, on lake
Sheib ; 48 ENE. Cairo. Lon. 31. 10. E. Lat.
18. N.
Habat, or Bene Hasten, pr. Morocco, on the
coast of the Atlantic ; about 40 miles square.
Sallee is the principal town.
Habeeba, two islands in the Mediterranean,
near the coast of Algiers ; one 7 miles NE. Cape
Figalo, with a harbour and fresh water ; about
3 miles in circ Lon. 0. 10. E. Lat. 35. 46. N.
The other, which is smaller, is situated about
12 miles more to foe E.; 4 SW. Cape Falcon.
Habelschwerdt, X. Silesia, in Glatz, on the
Neisse, formerly called Bysrtzice; 8 S. Glatz,
30 S. Neisse. Lon. 16. 24. E. Lat. 50. 8. N.
Pop. 2,711.
Habergham Eves, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 7
NE. Blackburn. Pop. 2,839.
Habersdorf see Finkenstein.
Habersham, co .Georgia; W. 634. Pop. 3,145.

Habesan, t. Persia, Mecran ; 40 NW. Kelveh.
Habesh, (an. Berenice]) s-p. Africa; on a bay
in foe Red sea. Lat. 23. 28. N.
Habesh, see Abyssinia.
Habirhautchin, t. Chinese Tartary, in the coun
try of the Monguls. Lon. 114. 24. E. Lat. 44,
10. N.
Habloville, t. France, in Orne ; 7 WNW. Ar-
gentans. H. 160.
Habost, X. Persia, Segestan ; 160 SE. Zareng.
Habr, X. Bohemia, Czaslau ; 10 S. Czaslau.
Habrah, r. Africa, which rises near Nisrag, in
the western province of Algiers, and uniting
with the Sigg, forms the El Mucdah, or Carten-
nus, of the ancients, but 6 miles from foe sea.
This river is at first called Tagia, afterwards
Wed el Hammaite ; and in the latter part of its
course, the whole "of which is but about 50
miles, Habrah.
Habsburg, or Hapsburg, bailiwick, Switz., in
Lucerne. Habsburg, or Hapsburg, ruined castle, Switz.,
in Aargau ; 5 N. Lenzburg. It is advantageously
situated on the right bank of foe Aar, about 3
miles above the town of Bruck. The son of
Radbad, surnamed Verner, after his uncle, was
the first of the house who took the title of
count of Habsburg, which his descendants al
ways bore till the elevation of Rodolph I. to the
empire of Germany and archduchy of Austria.
Habsheim, t. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 9 NNE.
Altkirch, 11 NNW. Huningen. Pop. 1,416.
Habu, v. Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile ;
25 N. Syene. Here are the ruins of a magnifi
cent temple ; and near it the celebrated statue
of Memnon, and another colossal statue. It is
almost without inhabitants.
Habur, small isl. in the Red sea ; 6 miles from
the coast of Arabia. Lat. 16. 45. N.
Habur, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 12 SW. Chamir.
Haburga, X. Bengal ; 5 E. Kishenagur.
Hacari, X. Peru, in Lima ; 45 SE. Nasca.
Hacha, or Rio de la Hacha, s-p. S. America,
on N. coast, in New Grenada, capital of a district
in the government of St. Martha, situated at foe
mouth of a river of the same name ; 210 ENE.
Carthagena. Lon. 72. 46. W. Lat 11.28. N.
The environs are extremely fertile, with mines
of gold and precious stones, and a pearl fishery
on the coast. The river is navigable for light
vessels, and the harbour is open to the north
winds. Ha-chan-pou, X. Asia, in Corea; 657 ENE.
Peking. Lon. 130. 25. E. Lat. 42. 40. N.

HAD

705

HAD

Haehen, t. Pru. Westphalia; 24 W. Brilon.
Haehenburg, t. Nassau; 17 NE. Coblentz.
Lon. 7. 54. E. Lat. 50. 35. N. Pop. 1,300.
Hachowka, t. Volhynia; 34 N. Zytomiers.
Hachut, or Hahet, X. Hungary ; 8 N. Canischa.
Hackanbo, X. Sweden, Upland ; 28 N. Upsal.
Hookas, t, Sweden, Jamtland ; 18 S. Oster-
sund. Hacken, or Hackenberg, mt. Switz., in Glaris ;
6 NE. Schweitz.
Hacketslown, v. Ireland, in Carlow.
Hacketslown, p-t. Sussex co. N. J., on the
Musconecunk ; 22 W. Morristown, 55 N. Tren
ton, W. 235. H. about 30. In the neighbour
hood are Schooley mountain springs,
Hackinsuck, p-t. fa cap. Bergen co. N. J., on
the Hackensack ; 20 NW. New York, W. 244.
Pop. of the township, 2,076. It contains a court
bouse, 2 houses of public worship, and an acad
emy. The town is built chiefly of stone.
Hackinsack, r. N. J., which rises in N.Y., and
runs S. into Newark bay. It is navigable 15
miles. ' Hacklnyt's Headland, W. point of the island
of Amsterdam, in the North sea, near NW.
coast of Spitzbergen. Lon. 9. 11. E. Lat. 79.
47. N.
Hackness, cape, on SE. coast of the island of
Shapinsha. Lon. 2. 43. W. Lat. 58. 53. N.
Hackney, considerable village, Eng., in Mid
dlesex, nearly joined to London towards the
NNE. Pop. 16,771. Here are several religious
meeting-houses, a free-school in foe church
yard, a charity school, and 17 almshouses. — Na
tives, Dr. South and John Howard.
Hacman, X. Ceylon ; 24 N. Matura.
Hacqueville, t. France, Eure ; 5 W. Gisors.
Haczeg, X. Transylvania ; 30 S. Hunyad.
Hod, (El,) t. Africa, in the W. province of
Algiers, at the conflux of the Mina and the
Sheliff ; 15 W. Mazouna, 50 ENE. Oran.
Hadagia, or Hadaja, X. Africa, in Fez, which
was a long time deserted and laid waste, and
has lately been repeopled by a colony of Arabs ;
70 SSW. Melilla, 120 NE. Fez. Lon. 3. W. Lat.
34. 10. N.
Hadomar, X. Ger., in Nassau, formerly capital
of a small principality called Nassau Hadomar ;
15 SW. Dillenburg. Lon. 8. I.E. Lat. 50. 24. N.
Fop. 1,500.
Hadan Oudouc, X. Chinese Tartary, in the coun
try ofthe Monguls. Lon. 112. 50. E. Lat. 42.
37. N.
Hadarisa, t. Arabia; 40 S. Cathem.
Hadau, t. Bav.; 12 E. Kelheim.
Hadawi, X. Abyssinia ; 30 S. Arkiko.
Haddam, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct., on the W.
bank of the Connecticut; 8 S. by E. Middle-
town, W. 347. Pop. 2,478. Some vessels arc
employed here fa in East Haddam in the West
India and the coasting trade ; and ship-build
ing is carried on to some extent. Here are
valuable quarries of stone. Large quantities of
shad are caught here and at East Haddam.
Haddam, (East,) p-t. Middlesex co. Ct, on E.
bank of the Connecticut, opposite to Haddam ;
13 SE. Middietown, W. 344. Pop. 2,572.
Had-deffa,mt. Africa, Tunis, composed entire
ly of salt, situated at E. extremity of the lake of
Marks, or Locus Tritonk of the ancients ; 20
Vol. I. 89

SW. Seedy Meddhubb. This salt is entirely dif
ferent from salt in general, being hard and solid
as a stone, and of a red or violet colour ; the
salt which the dew dissolves from the mountain,
changes its colour, and it becomes white as
snow ; it loses also the bitterness, which is the
property of rock salt.
Haddington, X. Scot., and capital of a county,
to which it gives name, situated on the left bank
of the river Tyne ; 17 E. Edinburgh, 39 NW.
Berwick. Lon; 2. 48. W. Lat. 55. 58. N. Pop.
4,370. It is a burgh of great antiquity. The-
town is well built, and consists of 4 streets, in
tersecting each other nearly at right angles ; foe
only public buildings belonging to the burgh of
consequence, are the town house, county haH,
grammar school house, and the parish church,
which is a magnificent structure. There is a.
weekly market held on Friday, reckoned the
greatest in Scotland, for all kinds of grain. The
abbey of Haddington was situated about a mile
to the eastward of the burgh, where foere is
still a little village called The Abbey, but the'
monastery itself is almost entirely demolished.
— John Knox, the famous reformer, was born
in the suburb of Nungate, or Gifford.
Haddingtonshire, or East Lothian, co. Scot.,
bounded NW. by the Frith of Forth, NE. by
the German ocean, S. fa SW. by Berwickshire,
and W. by Edinburghshire. Extreme length,
28 miles, breadth, 18. Sq. m. 297. It is one of
the most fertile and most highly cultivated coun
ties in Scotland, and produces great quantities
of wheat and other grain, and is embellished
with a great number of gentlemen's seats. The
chief towns are Haddington, Dunbar, fa North
Berwick. Pop. 31 ,164.
Haddo, X. Scot., in Aberdeenshire ; 9 NNE.
Inverary. Haddonfield, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. ; 6 E.
Philadelphia, W. 144.
Hadeland, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus; 32 NNE.
Christiania. Hadeln, small country, Hanover, near the
mouth of the Elbe now forming a part of the
province of Bremen ; secured from inundations
by a large dike. The land is fertile, and abounds
in grain, fruit, and cattle, with plenty of fish.
Pop. 15,671. Sq. m. 127.
Hademarsh, X. Holstein ; 14 E. Meldorp.
Haden, see Guaden.
Hadensville, p-v. Goochland co. Va.; W. 148,
Hadequis, X. Morocco ; 20 E. Mogador.
Hadermangrun, X. Bav. ; 5 WNW. Hof.
Hadersleben, s-p. Denmark, in Sleswick ; 24
E. Ripen. Lon. 9. 31. E. Lat 55. 15. N. Pop.
3,141. It is situated on N. side of a gulf, about
8 miles from its mouth, which opens into the
Little Belt. The harbour is St for only smajl

Hadersdorf t. Austria, on the river Kamp ; 11
SW. Sonneburg, 28 NW. Vienna.
Hadesogn, X. Norway, in the diocess of Ber
gen ; 36 SE. Bergen.
Hadgi Bestash, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ;
28 SE.Kir-shehr.
Hadgi-hamzeh, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 30 E.
Kiangari. Hadgi-lteui, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas i 30 NW.
Amasieh.

HAD

706

HAF

Hadgi-morat, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 36 NNE.
Sivas. Hadjar el Hamar, X. Algiers ; 27 SW. Con
stantina. Hadii, t. Arabia) in Yemen ; 16 E. Beit el
Fakieh. Hadith, or Hadida, on Hadice, or Hadith ul
nm, or Haditschef (an. Neharda,) t. Syria, on
the Euphrates ; 40 SE. Ana, 100 WNW. Bag
dad. H. 300.
Hadita, X. Curdistan, at the conflux of the
Altun-su with the Tigris ; 45 S. Mosul.
Hadley, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass., on E. side
of foe Connecticut : 3 NE. Northampton, 92
W. Boston, W. 383. Pop. 1,461. It is connect
ed with Northampton by a bridge upwards of
1,000 feet long. There is also a bridge con
necting the north part of the town with Hat
field. The village is built chiefly on two streets,
one of which js a mile long, and 20 rods wide,
and remarkably pleasant. This town is famous
for the culture of broom corn. Hopkins Acad
emy, in this town, is a respectable and flourish
ing seminary.
Hadley, (South,) p-t. Hampshire co. Mass.,
on E. bank of the Connecticut ; 5 SE. North
ampton, 90 W. Boston, W. 376. Pop. 1,047.
About a mile south of the meeting house there
is a medicinal spring considerably resorted to.
Here is a fall in the river of about 50 feet,
which is overcome by a dam, 1,100 feet long,
and 4\ feet high, and. by a canal 712 rods long,
with 5 locks. About one third of the whole
length of the canal is cut through a solid rock
10 feet deep, and near the locks, more than 40
feet deep, for 300 feet in length. At the lower
end^ofthe canal there is a valuable shad fishery,
a nail manufactory, and several mills.
Hadley, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y., on W. side
of the Hudson ; 17 N. Ballston Spa, W. 418.
Pop. 798.
Hadley, or Hadleigh, t. Eng., in Suffolk, with
a weekly market on Monday ; 20 SE. Bury
St. Edmunds, 64 NE. London. Lon. 0. 58. E.
Lat. 52. 4.N. Pop. 2,592. It is traditionally con
sidered as foe burial-place of Guthram, or Gur-
mond, the Dane.
Hadmersleben, X. Pru. Magdeburg ; 20 SW.
Magdeburg. Pop 1,617.
Hadrama, X. Arabia, in Jamama; 120 SW.
Lachsa. Hadramaut, pr. Arabia Felix, bounded N. by
a desert, NE. by Oman, SE. by the sea, W. by
Yemen ; some parts are diy and desert, others,
particularly the hills, are extremely fertile, with
well watered valleys between ; the principal
articles of production are frankincense, gum-
arabic, dragons-blood, myrrh, and aloes; the
latter chiefly produced in the island of Socotra,
which belongs to the princes of Hadramaut.
This .province contains several large towns and
seaports. ' Hadramaut, t. Arabia Felix, capital of a prov
ince to^ which it gives name ; 360 ENE. Mocha.
Hadran, X. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 132 SW.
Tauris. Hadria, see Adria, and Atri.
Hadnani, now Edrenos.
Hadrianopolis, now Adrianople, and Boli,
Iladro, X. Curdistan ; 58 SSW. Kerkuk.

Hadsjar, see Lachsa.
Hadsjar, or Hajar, or Hagiar, t. Arabia, in
Lachsa ; 140 SW. Lachsa.
Hcemus, mt. or rather chain of mountains,
which separates Servia from Macedonia ; in
some parts so lofty, that it is said the Adriatic
and the Black sea may be seen at the same
time. Haeringhe, t. Neth., W. Flanders; 12 W.
Ypres. Pop. 1,700.
Haerlebecke, t. Neth., W. Flanders, on the
Lys ; 4 NE. Courtray, 20 SW. Ghent. Pop.3,000.
Haerlem, or Harlem, city, Neth., the capital
of North Holland, situated about 3 miles from
the sea, on the river Sparen ; 10 W. Amster
dam. Lon. 4.38. E. Lat. 52. 23. N. Pop. 20,080.
H. 7,903. Churches 15. The church of St. Ba-
von, once a cathedral, is one of foe largest and
handsomest churches in Holland, and contains
a collection of antiquities of the time of the
crusades, with an organ considered one of the
largest and most perfect instruments of the
kind in the world. It was built in 1738, and
has 8,000 pipes, and is the grand attraction in
Haerlem to travellers. Haerlem contains a town
libraiy, an anatomical theatre, a botanic gar
den, and an academy of sciences with a muse
um. The stadthouse is a grand building, situ
ated at one end of the market place ; and in it
are many valuable pictures.
Haerlem carries on considerable manufacto
ries in linen, ribbands, and tape ; and exports
great quantities of beer to Friesland and other
places. Here is also a great trade in flowers,
particularly tulips. Mr. Dutens says he saw a
hyacinth in May 1771, for which the owner
refused 10,000 florins. — Haerlem boasts of the
honour of having given birth to Lawrence
Coster, who, as they pretend, was the first in
ventor of printing, which happened about the
year 1440.
Haerlem, see Harlem.
Haerlem Islands, cluster of small islands, situ
ated in a bay on N. side of New Guinea. Lon.
136. 6. E. Lat. 3. 42. S.
Haerlem Meer, large lake, Holland, between
Amsterdam, Leyden, and Haerlem, navigable
for boats.
Haesdonk, t. Neth., E. Flanders; 14 NE.
Dendermond. Pop. 2,250.
Hafaivd; one "of the Friendly islands in the
S. Pacific ocean ; 18 NNE. Annamooka.
Hafar, t. Persia, Chusistan ; 108 S. Susa.
Hafar, l. which rises in the Arabian Irak,
and runs into the Euphrates near its mouth.
Haferslro, X. Prussia ; 5 SW. Konigsberg.
Hafdael, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 50 NE.
Romsdal. Haffstadlen, or Haffstatten, t. Germany, in
Coburg ; 5 E. Coburg.
Hafizgunge, X. Hind.; in Rohilcund ; 14 NE.
Bereilly. Hafnerzell, X. Bavaria, Lower Danube ; 8 N.
Passau. Pop. 1,800.
Hafren, r. N. Wales, which rises in Snow-
don mountain, and joined by some other smal
ler streams, forms the Severn near Llanydlos,
in Montgomeryshire.
Hafro, t. Sweden, in Medelpadia ; 60 NW.
Sundswall.

HAG

707

^HAJ

Hafoero, t. Sweden, in Upland ; 17 N. Noor-
telge. Hagdangcr, t. Sweden, in Angermannland ;
8 SSW. Hernosand.
Hage, X. East Friesland ; 15 N. Embden.
Hagelce, v. Natolia ; 10 NE. Smyrna.
Hagen, X. Han., in Bremen ; 18 N. Bremen.
Hagen, t: Pru. Arensberg, on foe Volme, con
tains 3 churches, and some manufactures of
cloth ; 6 NW. Altena. Lon. 7. 35 E. Lat. 61.
9. N. Pop. 2,282.
Hagen, X. island of Rugen ; 10 SE. Bergen.
Hagenau, X. Ger., in Mecklenburg Schwerin ;
26 SW. Schwerin. Pop. 1,440.
Hagenback, X. Bav., circle of foe Rhirie ; 12^
SSE. Landau, 31 NNE. Strasburg. Lon. 8. 17.
E. Lat. 49. 1. N. Pop. 859.
Hagenbrunn, t. Austria ; 4 E. Korn Neuburg.
Hagenbuchen, X. Bav. ; 3 ESE. Kirch Lamitz.
Hagenbvrg, t. Austria ; 9 NE. Steyregg.
Hdgenojtrg, t. Ger.; in Lippe Scha'uenburg ;
15 W. Hanover, 46 SSE. Bremen. Lon. 9. 28.
E. Lat. 62. 30. N. Pop. 940.
Hageno, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 24 SSW.
Wismar. Lon. 11.23. E. Lat. 53. 33. N. Pop.
1,440. Hagerstown, or Elizabethtown, p-t. fa capital
Washington co. Md., on Antietam creek, 26
NW. Fredericktown, 71 NNW. Baltimore, W.
69. Pop. 2,690. It is regularly laid out, and
contains a court house, a jail, a market house,
a bank, 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Ger
man Lutherans, 1 for German Calvinists, 1 for
Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. A great
part of the houses are built of brick and stone.
It is situated in a fertile tract of country, and
has considerable trade. There are a number of
mills in the vicinity, on Antietam creek. Two
newspapers are published here.
Hagerstown, (New,) p-v. Tuscarawas co.
Ohio ; 132 ENE. Columbus, W. 326.
Hagetman, X. France, in Landes ; 5 SE. Tar-
•tas, 7 S. St. Sever. -Pop. 2,334.
jSaggein, mt. Switz., in Schweitz, remark
able for its triple top, and frightful aspect.
From it extends a chain, which separates this
canton from Uri on foe N. and Glaris on the E.
Haggenas, X. Sweden, in Jamtland; 15 NE.
Ostersund. Hagi, or Haddi, km. Africa, in the desert of
Zanhaga, on the borders of the river St. John,
and near the Atlantic ocean.
Hagiar, X. Arabia Petraea, near the site of the
ancient Petra.
Hagiar, see Hadsjar.
Hagiaz, X. Arabia, Hedsjas ; 120 N. Medina.
- Hagibestash, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 25
SE. Kirshehr.
Hagisa, X. Arabia, Hedsjas ; 1 12 SE. Medina
Haglier, X Syria ; 22 SSE. Aleppo.
Hag's Aeod, cape, Ireland, on the W. coast of
the county of Clare ; 17 W. Corrofin. Lon. 9.
24. W. Lat. 52. 55. N.
Hagshult, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 25 S. Jon-
kioping. Hague, p-t. Warren co. N. Y., on W. side of
lake George; 22 NE. Caldwell, W. 437. Pop.
514. This town is noted for a remarkable knob,
called Roger's Rock, which rises from the wa
ter's edge to the height of 300 feet, with an
angle of 45 or 50 degrees.

Hague, t. South Holland, capital of a district,
about 2 miles from the sea, 10 SSW. Leyden,
12 NW. Rotterdam, 32 SW. Amsterdam. Lon.
4. 19. E. Lat. 62. 5. N. Pop. in 1818,41,935. H.
5,400. Churches 14. Synagogues 2. The Hague
became the residence ofthe governors or counts
of Holland in 1250, and was foe seat of govern
ment and residence of the stadfoolder and states
general till Holland was erected into a kingdom
by Bonaparte, when the seat of government
was transferred to Amsterdam. It is now alter
nately, with Brussels, foe residence of the king
of Netherlands and the legislature. It stands in
a dry soil, something higher than the rest of
the countiy ; the air is pure, and the environs
delightful. The houses are good, and the streets
large and long; several of them adorned with
rows of trees. There are several squares, and
many magnificent public buildings, the court,
the palace, the town-house, fac In the palace
was a very valuable cabinet of natural history,
coins, medals, fac, and excellent pictures in all.
— Natives, Huygens and Ruysch.
Haguenau, X. France, and principal place of
a district in Lower Rhine ; 15 N. Strasburg, 25
SSW. Landau. Lon. 7. 52. E. Lat. 48. 50. N.
Pop. 7,094. It is situated on the Motter, in the
middle ofthe forest which bears its name, for
tified by Frederick the First.
Hagymas, mt. Hungary ; 20 N. Bistritz.
Haha, bay on S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 59.
10. W. Lat. 51. N.
Hahan, t. Arabia; 100 S. Cathem.
Haher, see Hair.
Hahot, see Hachut.
Hahras, X. Egypt ; 21 E. Tineh.
Hoi, {an. Ai,) X. Palestine ; 12 N. Jerusalem.
Hai, city, China, of the second rank, in
Kiang-nan; 310 SSE. Pekin. Lon. 117. 0. E.
Lat. 34. 32. N.
Hajar, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 120 SE. Ma-
dian, 150 N. Medina.
Hajatou Kiamen, post of Chinese Tartary.
Lon. 122. 19. E. Lat. 45. 46. N.
Haichan-tao, isl. Chinese sea, near SW. coast
of Corea. Lon. 124. 32. E. Lat. 34. 30. N.
Haichbach. X. Austria ; 4 NNW. Efferding.
Haideck, X. Bavaria ; 20 S. Nuremberg.
Haidhausen, X. Bav. ; 1 Munich. Pop. 2,000.
Haiding, X. Austria; 4 S. Efferding.
Haidingsfeld, X. Bav., in Lower Maine, on
foe Maine ; 3 SE. Wurtzburg. Pop. 1,987.
Haijepour, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 30 NE. Jal-
lindar. Haifa, see Caifa.
Haifar, X. Palestine, near the coast of the
Mediterranean, at foe foot of Mount Carmel,
and on S. side of a bay opposite to Acre ; 5 SE.
Acre. It has no harbour, but tolerable good
anchorage. Here are foe ruins of a castle and
two churches ; of the latter, one serves for a
magazine, and foe other for a caravansary.
Hai-fong, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chan-tong ; 17 N. Vou-ting.
Hai-fong, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-tong ; 60 E. Hoei-tcheou.
Haigerloch,X. Hohenzollern-Siegmaringen ¦ 32
SSW. Stuttgard, 44 SE. Strasburg. Lon. 8 '54
E. Lat. 48.20. N. Pop. 1,400.
Hajipour. t. Hind., Meywar; ESE. Cheitore.

HAI

708

HAL

ffoit, t Arabia, in Hedsjas.
Hailbronn, see Heilbronn.
Hailsham, X. Eng., in Sussex, with a weekly
market on Saturday; 14 E.Lewes, 68 SSE.
London. Lon. 0. 16. E. Lat. 50.51. N. Pop.897.
Haimburg, see Hamburg.
Hai-men, X. China, in the province of Tche-
kiang ; 20 S. Tai-cheou.
Haimen, X. Corea, in Tchusin ; 90 SW. King-
titao. Lon. 126. 42. E. Lat. 37. 48. N.
Haimer, X. Darfur ; 50 NNE. Cobb6.
Haimer, X. Nubia ; 60 S. Syene.
Hain, X. Ger., in Gotha ; 5 WNW. Gotha.
Hoina, X. Ger., in Hesse Cassel ; 7 E. Franc-
kenberg, 24 SSW. Cassel. Pop. 414.
Hoina, X. Ger., in Gotha, on the Neisse ; 6
NW. Gotha;
Hainan, isl. in foe Chinese sea, separated
from the southern extremity of the province
of Quang-tong by a narrow sea, about 8 miles
over ; the island is of an oval form, 150 miles
in length, and 75 in breadth. The greater part
of foe island is under the dominion of the em
peror of China; the rest Is independent, and
inhabited by a^ free people, who have never
yet been subdued. Besides mines of gold and
lapis lazuli, which enrich the island, it produces^
in abundance, various kinds of curious and va
luable wood. Hainan, on account of its situa
tion, riches, and extent, deserves to be ranked
among the most considerable islands of Asia.
Lon. 108.4.toll0.2O.E. Lat. 18. 65. to 20. 2. N.
Hainau, X. Silesia, in Liegnitz ; 50 W. by N.
Breslau. Pop. 2,487.
Hainaut, or Hainault, or Hennegau, pr.Nefo.,
bounded N. by East Flanders and South Bra
bant, E. by Namur, S. and SW. by France, and
NW. by West Flanders. Pop. 430,156. Sq. m.
1,683. It is divided into 3 districts, Mons, the
eapital, Tournay, and Charleroy. It is general
ly level with beautiful undulating plains, and
a fruitful soil. Grain is abundant, pastures ex
cellent; minerals, iron, lead, marble, but espe
cially coal ; in foe eastern part are considerable
forests. The principal rivers are the Scheldt,
the Selle, foe Haine, the Sambre, and the Den-
der. Hainburg, t. Bavaria ; 10 NW. Velburg.
Hainburg, or Haimbarg, t. Austria, on the
Danube, with a manufacture of cloth ; 8 W.
Presburg, 20 ESE. Vienna. Lon. 17. 0. E. Lat.
48. 6. N. Pop. 2,691.
Haine, r. Neth., navigable by means of
sluices from Mons to Conde, where it joins the
Scheldt. Hainerfreut, X. Bav. ; 4 SE. Culmbach.
Hainfelden, X. Austria; 14 SSE, St. Polten,
20 SW. Vienna. H. 94.
Haingen, X. Wurt.; 10 NNW. Buchau, 21
WSW. Ulm. Pop. 1,100.
Hai-nhing, t. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang ; 20 NE. Hang-tcheou.
Hainnersdorf X. Silesia, in Neisse, near the
river Mitlbach ; 5 NW. Weydenau.
Hainrichscfilag, t. Austria ; 13 W. Crems.
Hainsbach, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 12 N.
Kamnitz. H. 300.
Hainstaal, X. Austria ; 4 SE. Laab.
Hainslotten, X. Austria ; 8 WSW. Ips.
Hair, ozHayr, countiy, Africa, in foe desert

of Sahara. Lon. 1. to 4. E. Lat. 23. 30. to °A.
20. N. This country is situated E. of Zenhaga,
and extends about 60 miles. The air is temper
ate, and the soil in many places fertile. In the
S. parts the inhabitants collect, manna. The
chief town is called Hair, or Terga.
Haisne, see Haine.
Haisneau, r. France, which runs into the
Haine, at Conde.
Hai-ton,-ching, small island near foe coast of
China, about 24 miles long, and 3 broad. Lon.
119. 39. E. Lat. 25. 35. N.
Hai-tchin, X. China, of the third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 12 SE. Tchang-tcheou.
Haitetskula, t. Croatia ; 14 N- Novi.
Haiterbach, X. Wurtemberg ; 20 N. Rothweil,
27 SSW. Stuttgart. Pop. 1,500.
Hai-tien, X. China, in Pe-tche-li, a little to the-
NW. of Peking. ,
Hawaii, or Kidonia, t. Natolia, on the west
coast, opposite to the island of Muscunisi;
about 16 S, Adramiti. Pop. stated by the con
sul and bishop, in 1820, at 20,000. Bp. see. It
contains 8 or 10 churches, and a college, which
bas 4 professors, and a library of between 1 , arid
2,000 volumes. Number of students in 1820,
300. The streets are narrow and dirty, and
the houses mean. The neighbourhood produces
olives and oil.
Hai-yen, X. China; ofthe third rank, in Tche-
kiang; 20 SSE. Kia-hing.
Hajygunge, t. Hind., in Oude, on the Goom-
ty ; 40 N. Manickpour.
Hajygunge, X. Bengal ; 38 S. Dacca.
Hajypour, circar, Hind., in Bahar, bounded
N. by Bettiah, NE. by Tyroot, E. by Boglipour,
S. by the Ganges, which separates it from Bahar
Proper, and W. by the circar of Samn ; about
100 miles long, and from 20 to 30 broad. Ha
jypour is the capital.
Hajypour, X. Hind., and capital of a circar of
the same name, in Bahar, on foe left bank of
the Ganges, opposite Patna.
Hajypour, X. Hind., in Mewat; 15 NE. Cot-
putly, Hajypour, X. Guzerat ; 40 W. Amedabad.
Hajycan, country, Asia, on W. side of tho
Sinde, between Moultan and Mecran.
Hakas, X. Sweden, Jamtland ; 20 S. Froson.
Hakel, X. Arabia Felix, in Yemen ; 40 SSE,
Abu-Arisch. Hakelzdorf X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 16
NNE. Gitschin.
Hakiar, t. Curdistan ; 20 NE. Gulamerik.
Hakiar, r. Curdistan, which runs into foe
Zab, 20 W. Erbil.
Hakimpour, X. Bengal; 11 ENE. Mahmud
pour. Haking, X. Austria ; 6 W. Vienna.
Haklofen, t. Bohemia, in Prachatitz ; 6 NW. s
Budweis. Hakman, t. Ceylon ; 80 S. Candi.
Haksvik, t. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 25 S*
Ulrichshamn. Hdl, see Hoot.
Halaboor, t. Bootan ; 68 N. Dinagepour.
Halabi, one of the Kartan islands, in the
Arabian sea, at the entrance of the bay of ,Cu>
ria Muria ; 10 SW. Deriabi. .
Halm, city, Attica ; 14 SE. Athens.

HAL

709

HAL

Halasz,X. Hungary ; 28 E. Baja. Lon. 19.28,
E. Lat. 46. 32. N. Pop. 7,972. It consists of ari^
assemblage of cottages, with few good buildings.
Halavord, X. Persia, in Comis ; 16 W. Bistain.
Halbau, X. Saxony, in Lusatia; 8 SW. Sagan,
36 NE. Dresden. Pop. 500.
Halbendorf X. Silesia, Neisse ; 1 SW. Grotkau.
Halbersdorf t. Bav. ; 5 WNW. Burg Eberach.
Halberstadt, ci-devant principality, Germany,
bounded N. by foe duchies of Wolfenbuttel and
Magdeburg, E. by the duchy of Magdeburg, S.
by the duchies of Anhalt and Blankenburg, and
county of Wernigerode, and W. by the bish
opric of Hildesheim ; in its greatest extent from
E. to W. about 36 miles, and 28 from N. to S.
Pop. about 100,000. Sq. m. 580. This princi
pality, which now forms a part of foe Prussian
government of Magdeburg, is for foe most part
level, but contains also some eminences, though
few hills. The soil is fertile, both in grain and
flax, with rich pasturages and meadows. The
greatest part of the inhabitants are Lutherans.
Halberstadt, city, Pru. Magdeburg, capital of
a circle, formerly capital of a principality to
which it gave name, on the Holzemme ; 35
SSE. Brunswick. Lon. 11.4. E. Lat. 51. 53. N.
Fop. 13,206. H. 1,861. It contains 5 Lutheran
churches, 3 Catholic, 1 Lutheran, 2 convents,
2 synagogues, 6 hospitals, a gymnasium, a ca
binet of natural history, a cathedral, a school
with a library of 8,000 vols., a seminary for
schoolmasters, and a school for midwifery. It
is a place of great antiquity, supposed to have
been built by the Cherusci. The buildings are
in the Gothic style, and of antique appearance.
A remarkable diet of the German empire was
held here in 1134. It is a walled city, but the
buildings are mostly old-fashioned and irreg
ular. Halczin, t. Russia, in Podolia ; 20 ESE. Brac
law. Haldensleben,'(New,) tPru., in Magdeburg, on
the Ohra; 13 N. Magdeburg. Lon. 11. 34. E.
Lat. 52. 20. N. Pop. 3,329. H. 502. Ch. 2.
Old Haldensleben is in the neighbourhood, on
foe Bever, and contains about 1,000 inhabitants.
Haldenstein, v. Switz., in Grisons; 2 N. Coirc.
Pop. 400. It belongs to foe family of De Salis.
It takes its name from an ancient castle, now

in ruins.

t. Bavaria, in Kempten ; 54
SSW. Augsburg. Pop. 1,700.
Haldimand, X. Upper Canada, on N. side of
lake Ontario.
Hale, r. Eng., in the county of Cornwall,
Which runs into the sea, near St, Ives.
.Hate, t Holstein ; 6 E. Krempe,
Hale, r. Holstein, which runs into the Eider,
10 SW. Rensburg.
Halebli, X. Natolia ; 24 SW. Eregri.
Halem, or Halen, or Hallen, X. Neth., Brabant,
on the Geete ; 4 SE. Diest.
Halendorp, X. Holstein ; 11 ENE. Eutyn.
Haleness, cape on E. coast .of Shetland. Lon.
1. 20. W. Lat. 60. 2. N.
Hate's Creek, or Pine Creek, r. Ohio, which
runs into the Ohio, II m. above Portsmouth
Hale's Key, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of East Florida. Lon. 82. 5. W.
Lat 28. 4. N. .

Halesham, see Haitsham.
Halesowen, X. Eng., in Salop, with a manu
facture of nails, and a weekly market ; 8 SW.
Birmingham, 124 NW. London. Lon. 1. 58. W.
Lat. 52. 31. N. Pop. 6,888.
Halesworth, X. Eng., in Suffolk, with a week
ly market on Tuesday ; 32 NNE. Ipswich, 101
NE. London. Lon. 1. 29. E. Lat. 52. 21. N.
Pop. 1,810. It is situated on a canal to South-
wold, navigable for barges, which pass 3 or 4
times a week with corn, fac. for foe London
markets. Haleta, t. Persia, in Farsistan, on the coast of
the Persian gulf; 10 SSE. Busheer.
Haleysburg, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va. ; W. 242.
Half-Castle Bay, bay on S. coast of the isl.
of St. Christopher ; 2 W. Basseterre.
Half-Grunie Island, one of the smaller Shet
land islands in the N. sea ; 2 S. Unst.
Half-Hyde Bay, bay on W. coast of the isl. of
Antigua ; 2 S. Reed point.
Half-Moon, p-t Saratoga co. N. Y., on W.
side of the Hudson, and N. side ofthe Mohawk ;
15 N. Albany, W. 398. Pop. 4,024.
Half-Moon, f-X. Centre co.Pa. ; 15 miles from
Bellefonte, W. 204. Pop. 713.
Half-Moon Bay, bay on W. coast of Jamaica;
2 N. Orange bay.
Half-Moon Boy, bay on N. coast of St. Chris
topher ; 2 SE. Ragged point.
Half-Moon Fort, fort of the island of Barba
does ; 2 N. Speight's Town.
Half-Moon Key, small isl. near S. coast of
Jamaica ; 3 ENE. Portland point.
Half-Moon Key, small isl. in the bay of Hon
duras. Lon. 89. W. Lat. 17. 10. N.
Half-Moon Key, small isl. in the bay of Hon
duras, near E. coast of Guanajo. Lon. 86. 20.
W. Lat. 16. 30. N.
Half-Moon Slioal, shoal in the Mergui Archi
pelago; near E. coast of Sullivan's island. Lat.
11. 7. N.
Halfaia, t. Nubia ; 10 S. Gerri. Lon. 32. 57.
E. Lat. 15. 45. N.
Hali, (an. MM,) X. Arabia, in Yemen, near the
coast of the Red sea ; furnished with a garrison,
and belonging to the sheriffe of Mecca ; 170
NNW. Loheia. Lat. 18. 40. N.
Haliacmon,see Platamona, and Jenicoro.
Halibut Head, lofty mountain, forming S.
extremity of the penitisula of Alashka, in foe
N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 197 E. Eat. 54. 27. N.
Halibut Island, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean
near SE. extremity ofthe peninsula of Alashka'
8 leagues in circ. ; 6 miles from Halibut head.
Halicamassus, city fa capital of Doria, fa
mous for the Mausoleum, one of the 7 wonders
of the world ; now Bodrum.
Halicia, see Salemi.
Halick, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 222 SE. Za-
reng. Halicous, X. Natolia ; 20 S. Kiangari.
Halicz, or Haliisch, or Galitsch. t. Austrian
Galicia, on foe Dniester; 58 SE. Lemberff
Lon. 25. 46. E. Lat. 49. 13. N. Pop. 4,000 It
was formerly large, and the capital of Galicia
to which it gave name. There are salt springs
in the vicinity.
Halifax, p-t. Windham co. Vt. ; 30 S Wind
sor, W. 430. Pop. 1,567. '

HAL

710

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Halifax, p-t Plymouth co. Mass.; 13 NW.
Flymouth, 32 S. Boston, W. 452. Pop. 749.
Halifax, p-t Dauphin co. Pa., on E. side of
the Susquehanna; 19 N. Harrisburg, W. 131.
Pop. 2,062.
Halifax, co. S. side of Va., bounded N. by
Campbell and Charlotte cos., E. by Mecklen
burg co.wS. by N. C, and W. by Pittsylvania
co." Pop. in 1810,22,133; slaves, 9,663. Pop.
in 1820, 19,060. C. H. 262. Near the C. H.
there is an academy.
Halifax, co. N. C, W. of the Roanoke. Pop.
in 1800, 15,620 ; slaves, 6,624. Pop. in 1820,
17,237. Halifax, p-t. & cap. Halifax co. N. C, on the
Roanoke ; 8 miles below the falls, 75 WNW.
Edenton, 75 S. Petersburg, 80 NE. Raleigh, W.
220. It contains a court house, a jail, a bank,
and a meeting house. It is situated in a very
fertile country, and is a place of some trade.
In the county of Halifax, 18 SW. of this town,
there is an academy.
Halifax, X. N. A., capital of Nova-Scotia, in a
county of the same name, on W. side of Che-
bucto bay ; 40 SW. Truro, 48 E. Annapolis, 157
SE. Fredericktown, N. B. Lon. 63. 34. W. Lat.
44. 44. N. Pop. 15, or 16,000. It is built on
the declivity of a hill, which rises 236 feet
above the level of the sea. It is about 2 miles
long, laid out in regular squares ; the streets
are parallel and at right angles. The harbour is
open at all seasons, of bold and easy entrance,
and spacious enough to contain 1,000 ef the
largest ships in entire safety. The imports from
Great Britain alone amounted, in 1810, to
£600,000. The town is entrenched with forts I
of timber. At the north extremity of the town
is the royal navy yard, completely built, and
suppled with stores of every kind for the navy.
This is the chief station for the British navy in
the northern part of America. The country
around the town is rocky, and the soil unfit for
cultivation. Halifax, X. Eng., in W. Riding of Yorkshire ;
18 SW. Leeds, 40 SW.York, 197 NW. London.
Lon. 1. 55. W. Lat. 53. 44. N. Pop. ofthe town,
9,159 ; of the parish, 73,515. It is situated on
a gentle eminence, washed by a branch of the
river Calder, and is surrounded on all sides by
high hills. Being in the midst of numerous
waters adapted for mills and machinery, in the
vicinity of the great wool districts, and not far
from an abundant supply of coals, and being
connected by the Calder navigation with Hull
on the east, and by Rochdale canal with Liver
pool, Manchester, fac on the west, it has be
come one of the principal seats of the woollen
manufacture in the kingdom. The Cloth or
Piece Hail is a large and elegant edifice of
stone, erected for foe convenience ofthe man
ufacturers, containing 315 separate rooms for
the reception of goods. Goods to the amount
of £50,000 are often exposed to sale at a time.
The town is well built of stone and brick. The
parish is one of foe largest in England, 20 m.
long, and 17 wide, containing no fewer than
26 villages. The countiy is naturally a desert,
but, by the industry of the inhabitants, is con
verted into a highly cultivated district.
Halifax Bay, bay on NE. coast of New Hol
land. Lat. 18. 49. S.

| Halifax Bay, bay on E. coast of the island of
Dominica. Lon. 61. 20. W. Lat 15. 40. N.
Halifax Bay, bay on S. eoast of the island of
St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 63
36. W. Lat. 46. 25. N.
Halifgoon, X. Nubia ; 25 S. Gerri. Lon. 32. 57
E. Lat. 15. 35. N.
Haligaw, t. Samogitia ; 45 NW. Miedniki.
Halikarkara, X. Turkish Armenia, in Erzerum;
20 SSW. Cars.
Haliko, X. Finland, in Abo ; 24 E. Abo.
Halila, X. Finland, in E. Bothnia; 40 SE.
Wasa. Haling, small isl. in foe English channel, sepa
rated from the coast of Hampshire by a narrow
channel. Lon. 0. 57. W. Lat. 50. 48. N. It is of
a triangular form, about 3£ miles in length, from
N. to S., and 2 broad, except at S. extremity,
where it measures in a narrow strip as much as
4. It contains several creeks on the E. coast,
and has 3 villages.
Halkenstein, or Halnestein, X. Neth., Guel
derland ; 10 SW. Harderwyck.
Halki, one of the Kartan islands, in foe gulf
of Curia Muria, near the Arabian coast.
Halkirk, X. Scot., in Caithness ; 5 S. Thurso.
Halkshead, cape on E. coast of Sleswick, in
the Little Belt; 10 ESE. Hadersleben. Lon. 9.
42. E. Lat. 55. 12. N.
Hall, co. Geo. Pop. 5,086.
Hall, X. Austria ; 8 WSW. Steyr.
Hall, or Halle, X. Tyrol, on the river Inn, with
considerable salt works ; 5 NE. Innspruck, 24
SW. Kuffstein. Lon. 11. 35. E. Lat. 47. 16. N.
Pop. 4,105. The salt is dug in large blocks out
of a mountain, and after being cleansed of its
impurities in salt pits, is conveyed in a fluid
state, by means of wooden canals, to Innspruck,
where it is boiled to a due consistence in large
iron pans. This salt work is said to produce a
neat profit of 200,000 crowns yearly.
Hall, or Halle, t. Wurtemberg, circle of the
Jaxt, capital of a district, situated on the
river Kocher; 30 NE. Stuttgart, 46 SE. Hei
delberg. Lon. 9. 50. E. Lat. 49. 7. N. Pop.
5,487. H. 757. It contains 6 churches, a gym
nasium, and 2 libraries. It is surrounded with
mountains, aboundingin salt springs, which yield
3 ounces of salt from 16 of water.
Hall, X. Sweden, Upland ; 20 NE. Stockholm.
Hall, X. Stiria ; 8 N. Rottenmann.
Hall's River, one of the head branches of the
Connecticut, in N. part of N. H.
Hall's, Key, small isl. in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 89. 10. W. Lat. 16. 10. N.
Hallam, X. York co. Pa., on SW. side of the
Susquehanna. Pop. 1,410.
Hallam, (Neither, & Upper,) two townships,
Eng., in Yorkshire, in the neighbourhood of
Sheffield, in a district of the West Riding, which
from them is called Hallamshire. Pop. 2,768.
Halland, pr. Sweden, bounded N. by West
Gothland, E. by Smaland, S. by Skene, and W.
by the North sea. This country is in general
mountainous, with considerable woods of oaks
and birch trees. The principal towns are Halm-
stadt, Laholm, Falkenburgh, and Wardberg.
Pop. 73,594. Sq. m. 1,469.
Hallaren, lake, Sweden, in Westmanland ; 26
NW. Upsal.

HAL

711

HAL

Hallaton, or Halloughtpn, t. Eng., in Leices
tershire, with a weekly market on Thursday ;
15 SE. Leicester, 90 N. London. Pop. 584.
Hallburg, X. Wurzburg ; 3 S. Volckach.-
Halle, t. Neth., in S. Brabant, on the Senne ;
10 SSW. Brussels. Pop. 4,612. It was once
strongly fortified, and was celebrated for an im
age of foe Virgin.
Halle, X. Pru. Saxony, capital of a circle in the
government of Merseburg, on the Saale, over
which it has 5 bridges, divided into 4 quarters ;
2,2 SW. Dessau, 22 SE. Eisleben, 22 NW. Leip
sic, 56 S. Magdeburg. Lon. 11.58. E. Lat. 51.
29. N. Pop. 19,747. H.2,196. It contains' 6 Luth.
chh., 2 Calvinist, 1 Catholic, and 4 hospitals.
It is celebrated chiefly for its literary institutions,
and has a protestant university, one of the most
eminent, in Germany, formed out of a military
academy, and consecrated in 1699, and has 41
professors and lecturers, and a library of about
50,000 vols. The number of students, in 1817,
was 500. The whole number of students from
1694 to 1744, was 29,322, among whom were 2
princes, 122 counts, 2,251 barons and gentle
men, 12,278 students in divinity, 12,626 students
in law, and 1,941 students in physic. There are
besides several scientific institutions belonging
to the university or connected with it, viz : the
the botanic garden, theological and philological
seminaries, anatomical theatre, schools of mid
wifery, medical, surgical, and chemical institute,
the society of natural history, fac. There is also
a public town libraiy and a royal paedagogium.
— Canstein's printing office for the bible is a
very large establishment. There were printed
from 1712 to 1800, 1,793,534 bibles, fa 877,999
testaments. This town is also famous for the salt springs
in the neighbourhood, which employ 111 boiling
houses. — Hoffman, Unze, Michaelis, Nemeir,
and Handel, were natives of Halle.
Halle, X. Pru. Minden ; 6 NW. Bielefeld. Pop.
1,220. Hallebast, X. Flanders ; 3 SW. Ypres.
Halleeah, X. Hind'., Allahabad; 20 SW. Mirza-
pour. Halleepullah, X. Bengal ; 60 NNW. Midna
pour. Hallegandhe, X. Hind., in Nusserpour, on foe
Indus ; 25 NNE. Nusserpour.
Hallein, X. Austria, in Salzburg, on the Salza ;
8 SE. Salzburg, 72 ENE. Inspruck. Pop. 4,600.
H. 320. Chh. 3. It has manufactures of needles
and cotton, but is chiefly celebrated for salt
springs, which rise in the mountain of Durn-
berg, near the town ; 750,000 quintals of salt
are made every year.
Hallen, or Halen, X. Sweden, in Jamtland ; 38
NE. Froson.
Hallenberg, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Arensberg;
17 S. Brilon, 30 WSW. Cassel. Lon. 8. 43. E.
Lat. 51. 7. N. Pop. 1,475.
Hallencourt, X. France, in Somme; 7 S. Ab
beville. Pop. 1,253.
Haller, r. Ger., which runs into the Leine, 12
miles above Hanover.
Halkrnvund, co. Hanover ; it is incorporated
with the principality of Calenberg.
Hallerow Head, cape on E. coast ofthe isl. of I
South Ronaldsha. Lon. 2. 47. W. Lat. 58. 38. N. H

Hallerspringe, see Springe.
Hallerstein, t. Bavaria ; 7 S. Hof.
Halkt'sFort,foH, Barbadoes; 1 NNW.Bridge.
town. Halliapour, X. Hind., Oude ; 22 SW. Fyzabad.
Halliar, circar, Hind., in Guzerat, on N. side
of foe gulf of Cutch ; 40 m. long, and 20 broad.
Hallidown Hill, elevated spot, where, in the
year 1333,-foe Scots were defeated by the Eng
lish; 1 N.. Berwick. The number slain has been
.stated at 20,000.
Hailing, lake, Norway ; 64 NNW. Christiania.
Hallingddl, r. Norway, which runs into foe
bay of Christiania, near Holmestrand.
Hallnas, X. Sweden, in Upland ; 45 N. Upsal.
Halloes, X. Holstein ; 8 NE. Braemsted.
Hallowell, X. Upper Canada, on NE. part of
lake Ontario.
Hallowell, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, on the
Kennebec, 43 miles above Seguin island, near
the mouth of the river ; 2 S. Augusta, 54 NNE.
Portland, 168 NNE. Boston, W. 610. Lat. 44.
14. N. Pop. in 1810,2,068 ; in 1820, 2,919. It
is situated on both sides of the Kennebec, and
has .Augusta north, and Gardiner and Pittston
south, and contains 4 houses of public worship,
1 for Congregationalists, 1 for Baptists, and 2
for Methodists. The principal village is situated
on a fine basin on the west side of the river, and
contains an academy, two circulating libraries, a
bank, 4 printing offices, and 1,942 inhabitants.
The village is built chiefly upon three streets,
two of which are parallel with the river, and the
other at right angles. The houses are principal
ly of- wood, but the stores, especially those
erected within a few years, are almost entirely
of brick, and are built in a superior style. There
are 10 wharfs on foe west bank of the river, and
1 ropewalk. To the westward a high hill ex
tends from north to south, the whole length of
foe village, on foe slope of which 3 new streets
are laid out, which are intersected by two others
at right angles. Hallowell is a thriving town,
and has a flourishing commerce. It is situated
in a tract of countiy which has a strong and
fertile soil, particularly excellent for grazing.
The exports consist of beef, pork, pot and pearl
ashes, Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, butter, hay,
lumber, fish, fac. Loaded vessels of 150 tons
may come up the river as far as the wharfs. A
large mill, on the plan of the southern merchant
flour mills, is in successful operation in this
town.— Besides the principal village, there are
two other small ones within the township, one
stretching along the road towards Gardiner, the
other lying towards Winthrop to the west. The
state of society in this town is reputed excellent
and here is the residence of Benjamin Vaughan'
Hallsio, X. Sweden, in Jamtland ; 43 NW.
Sundswall. Hallstatl, X. Bav., near the conflux of the
Maine and Rednitz ; 3 N. Bamberg. Pop. 1,153
Hallstatt, X. Austria, on lake Hallstatter, with
a salt mine near it; 25 S. Gemunden Pon
1,730. l
Hallstatter Sea, lake, Austria ; 6 S. Gemun
den. Halluin, X. France, in Oise ; 10 SE. Breteuil
Halmers, t. Ger.; 6 SW. Smalkalden.

HAM

712

HAM

Halmi, X. Hungary, in Ugotsch. Pop. 1,400.
Halmoe, small isl. in the Baltic, belonging to
Denmark, near NE. coast of foe island of Arroe.
Lon. 10. 30. E. Lat. 54. 53. N.
Halmstadt, s-p. Sweden, capital ofthe govern
ment of Halland, or Halmstadt, at the mouth of
the Nissa; 96 WNW. Carlscrona. Lon. 12. 56.
E. Lat 56. 40. N. Pop. 1,691. Here are flour
ishing woollen manufactures, and a rich salmon
fishery. The fortifications are destroyed.
Hotno, t. Sweden, West Gothland ; 79 ENE.
Uddevalla. Halpach, r. Austria, which runs into the Tra-
sen, 2 W. Schwartzenpach.
Halpo, or Halapo, t. Guatimala, in Tabasco.
Hals, X. Bav., on the Iz ; 2 N. Passau. P. 484.
Halsbach, X. Bav.; 3 S. Gemunden.
Halse, t Norway, Drontheim ; 60 SW. Dron
theim. Halsingland, pr. Sweden, see Helsingland.
Halspach, X. Wurt, 3 S. Gemunden. Pop.
1,300. Halstadt, t. Bav.; 5 WNW. Konigshofen in
Der Grabfeld.
Halsted, X. Eng., in Essex, with a manufacture
of baise and says, situated on a rising ground
near the river Colne, with a market on Fridav;
14 NW. Colchester, 47 NE. London. Lon. 0.
34. E. Lat. 51. 58. N. Pop. 3,279.
Hatsfern, t N. Brabant; 2N. Bergen op Zoom.
Pop. 1,150.
Halslrow, see Elstra.
Hallenbergsletlen, or Nieder-Stetten, X. Wurt,
on the Vorbach ; 10 SE. Mergentheim. Pop.
1,382. Halleren, t. Pru. Munster, on the Lippe ; 20
SW. Munster. Lon. 7. 17. E. Lat. 51. 45. N.
Pop. 1,850.
Halton, or Haulton, X. Eng., in Cheshire, on a
navigable canal ; 13 NE. Chester, 186 NW.
London. Near it are the remains of a castle,
built in the year 1071.
Halton, t. Eng., in Lancashire, on the Lune ;
3 NNE. Lancaster. Pop. 823.
Haltwezel, or Hallwezel, or Haltwhistle, X. Eng.,
in Northumberland, near the river Tyne ; 15 W.
Hexham, 314 N. London. Lon. 2. 15. W. Lat.
55. 2. N. Pop. 453.
Halvan, or Chaulan, X. Africa, in Fez ; 10 S.
Fez; celebrated for its baths.
Halwaddy, t. Bengal ; 5 SSE. Ramgur.
Halys, now Kizilermak.
Ham, v. Eng., in Surrey, on the Thames ; 11
SW. London. Pop. 781. Here is Ham House,
originally intended, itis said, for Henry, prince
of Wales, son of James 1.
Ham, t. France, in Somme, on the Somme,
defended by a strong castle ; 3£ posts SSE. Pe-
ronne, 15± N. Paris. Lon. 3. 9. E. Lat. 50. 11.
N. Pop. 1,746.
Ham Bluff, cape, at W. extremity of the island
of Santa Cruz, in the West Indies. Lon. 63. 44.
W. Lat. 17. 51, N.
Hamada, t. Arabia, Yemen ; 24 SE. Chamir.
Hamadan, or Amadan, (supposed to be on or
near the site of an. Ecbatana,) city, Persia, in
Irak ; 240 NW. Ispahan, 160 NE, Bagdad. Lon.
48. E. Lat. 35. 15. N. Pop. 40 or 50,000. H,
12;000, meanly built. It contains numerous
mosques and bazars, and is situated at the foot

of a mountain, well watered by a number of
springs ; the environs producing excellent corn
and rice. It lies in a road, and forms a stage
for the caravans going to Mecca and Bagdad,
and the inhabitants carry on a considerable
trade. The Jews suppose that Queen Esther
and Mordecai were buried here, and accord
ingly flock hither in pilgrimage to visit their
tombs. Hamah, (an. Hamath, Epiphania, or Apamea,)
t. Syria, pachalic of Damascus, in a narrow val
ley, on the Orontes ; 62 SSW. Aleppo, 122 N.
Damascus. Lon. 37. 10. E. Lat. 34. 45. N. Pop.
according to AH Bey, 80, or 90,000. It is open
to the E. and W. which is the course foe
river takes here ; and without the town are
pleasant gardens on each side of the river ; the
air of it is looked on as unwholesome. It is in
a manner three towns ; the principal town be
ing on S. side of the river. The city and sub
urbs stand on a great compass of ground, and
contains many mosques. As many parts of the
town are much higher than the Orontes, they
have a method of raising the water by a great
number of wheels in the river, made with boxes
round them, by which the water is raised to
several aqueducts, consisting of very high
arches, which, if well built, might be compared
to some of the Roman works. The city is now
in a very flourishing condition, it being the
only town to which the Arabs of the eastern
desert about Tadmor can come, in order to be
supplied with what they want. Abulfcda, the
Arabian geographer, was born here in 1273.
Hamam, (an. Aqua Tibiliiaa,) X. Africa, in
the eastern province of Algiers, celebrated for
its baths ; 30 SSW. Bona, 43 E. Constantina.
Hamam-et, s-p. Tunis, on E. coast of the bay
or gulf of the Mediterranean, to which it gives
name ; 30 S. Tunis. Lon. 10. 38. K. Lat. 36.
13. N. It is said to be so named from Human,
wild pigeons, with which the countiy abounds,
Hamapatli, X. Hind., Madura ; 17 W. Madura.
Hamapet, X. Carnatic ; 14 E. Tanjore.
Hamaran, X. Grand Bukharia; 30 E. Saga-
nieri. Hamazan, X. Abyssinia; 40 W. Arkiko.
Hamars, X. France, in Calvados ; 14 WNW.
Falaise, 14 SSW. Caen.
Hambach, X. Pru. Cologne ; 3 SE. Juliers.
Lon. 6. 32. E. Lat. 50. 57. N.
Hambach, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 5 NE.
Landau, 16 SW. Manheim. Pop. 1,029.
Hambach, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Re
gen ; 3 NNE. Sultzbach, 6 NNW. Amberg.
Hambach, r. Franconia, which runs into the
Rednitz, 5 N. Roth.
Hambata, X. Quito, Riobamba ; 50 S. Quito.
Lon. 78. 20. W. Lat. 1. 20. S. Pop.9,000. Itis
situated near a large river on an extensive
plain. The houses are very low and built of
unburnt brick.
Hambers, X, France, in Mayenne ; 10 SE.
Mayenne. H. 300.
Hambie, X. France, in Channel ; 7 SE. Cou-
tances. Pop. 3,530.
Hambie, r. Eng., in Hampshire, which rises
near Bishop's Waltham, and runs into the
Southampton water, about 5 m. below South
ampton.

HAM

713

HAM

Hambledon, X. Eng., in Hampshire, with a
weekly market on Tuesday; 10 SW. Peters-
field, 63 WSW. London. Pop. 1,358.
Hambleton, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,688.
Hambden, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 296,
Hambour, t. Africa, in Baol ; 5 S. Porto-dal.
Hamburg, p-t, Erie co. N. Y., on lake Erie,
and on S. side of Buffalo ; 304 W. Albany.
Pop. 2,034.
Hamburg, p-v. in Unadilla, Otsego co. N. Y.,
on the Susquehanna, 30 SW. Cooperstown, 80
W. Hudson, W. 326.
Hamburg, p-t. Sussex co. N. J., on the Wall-
hill ; 13 NNE. Newton, 16 SW. Goshen, 40
WNW. Newark, W. 249.
Hamburg, p-t. Berks co. Pa., on the Schuyl
kill ; 18 N. Reading, W. 159.
Hamburg, X. Edgefield, district,. S. C, on the
Savannah, opposite to Augusta, Georgia. This
town has beeri recently laid out and is very
flourishing. From July 2, 1821, to January
1-822, 84 houses were built. Cotton is the prin
cipal article of trade.
Hamburg, X. Stark co. Ohio ; 10 SE. Canton.
Hamburg, X. Surinam ; E ofthe Surinam..
Hamburger's Bay, bay on W. coast of Spitz-
bergen. Lon. 9. 15. E. Lat. 79. 23. N.
Hamburgh, tree city, Ger., in Lower Saxony,
on the north bank of the Elbe, 70 miles from
its mouth ; 38 SW. Lubec, 54 NE. Bremen, 84
N. Hanover, 448 NE. London. Lon. 9. 59. E.
Lat. 53. 33. N. Pop. in 1809, 106,920 ; 2,000.
Catholics, 4,000 Reformed, 6,000 Jews, 500
Meunonists, fac, the rest Lutherans. It con
tains 5 large and 11 small Lutheran chh., 2
Reformed churches, 1 cathedral, 2 synagogues,
23 hospitals, 23,201 buildings, 227 streets, a cel
ebrated gymnusium with 6 professors, other
seminaries, several libraries, one of which con
tains about 100,000 volumes.
Hamburgh is the first commercial city in
Germany, and before foe French revolution, it
ranked as the third in Europe. It is very ad
vantageously situated for trade, having a spa-
«ious harbour, with an easy access to the sea,
and an extensive communication with the
interior of Germany by means of the Elbe.
The river expanded by the influx of the tide, is
here a great body of water, from 3 to 6 miles
wide. The city is much intersected by water
communications formed partly by the Elbe,
partly by the Alster ; and the small river Bill
flows on the east side. The bridges over the
canals are. computed at 84, The city covers a
large extent of ground, but nearly one third of
the space included within the walls, is occu
pied by canals, piers, and a large basin formed
by the Alster. There are 6 gates, 4 towards
foe land, and 2 towards the water. A portion
of the ground on which the city is built, is
rather elevated, but in the insulated part, the
streets are overflown by the highest tides.
Hamburgh is by no means elegant in the inte
rior. The streets are narrow, crooked, and irreg
ular, and the houses awkward and old fashioned.
They are generally of great .height, and built of
brick and wood. In the quarter called the New
Town, however, there are many handsome
houses, and some elegant streets. — Hamburgh
was incorporated into the French empire in
Vol. I, 90

1810. It suffered greatly by foe loss of its com
merce, and the contributions imposed upon it;
but its commerce has again revived. The num
ber of vessels which entered this port in 1790J
was 2,423 ; -in 1817, 1,640.-— Brewing was for
merly the chief employment of foe inhabitants ;
but has now declined. In 1800, there were
upwards of 300 houses for refining sugar. This
business has decreased, but is still extensive.
The printing of cotton, linen, and handker
chiefs, is next in importance. Dye-works and
machinery for twisting tobacco are also of con
siderable extent.— The territory of Hamburgh
consists of a small district lying about the city,
and foe town and bailiwick of Cuxhaven. , Sq.
m. 133. Pop. including the district, 129,739,.
Hamburgh is connected witb Frankfort, Bre
men, and Lubec, in some commercial regula
tions, and they still retain the old name of
Hanse towns. — Natives, Hagedorn, Schiebeler,
Basedow, Schroder, J. F. Gronovius, Reimarus,
fac. Hamden, t. New Haven co. Ct. ; 6A- N. Npw
Haven. Pop. 1,687. Within the township, about
2 miles from New Haven there is a large gun
manufactory. Hamed, (El,) X. Egypt ; 4 S'. Rosetta.
Homed, t. Hind., in Oude ; 5 E. Mabomdy.
Hamedan, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 20 NNW. Mura,
Hameese, r. Africa, in E. province of Algiers,
which rises near a place of the same name, and
soon after takes the name of Sujerass.
Hameese, X. Algiers ; 8 WNW. Teffish.
Hametjt. France, Oise; 3 SE. Grandvilliers,
Hameln, t. Hanover, capital of a district in
Calenberg; 18 SE. Minden, 28 SW. Hanover:
Lon. 9:20. E. Lat.52.5. N. Pop. 5,054. H.674.
3 Lutheran churches, 1 Calvinist. It is situated
at the conflux of the Hamel with the Weser,
wbich here forms an island. Its position ren
ders it a thoroughfare to different parts of Ger
many, and gives it foe command of the naviga
tion of the Weser. Its public buildings are
large, and it carries on an active traffic in the
manufactures of tobacco, hats, and woollens.
Homer, t. Pru. Posen ; 32 WSW. Posen.
Homer; (El,) X. Arabian Irak; 140 WSW.
Bassora. Hamerstadt, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 15 SW,
Czaslau. Hametnagur, X. Hind., in Oude ; 34 NW. Kai
rabad. Hami, country, Chinese Tartary, which con
tains only one city, and a few villages, situated
in the desert of Cobi, which bounds it on the
E. and W. The soil is barren. The inhabitants
are Mahometans, large, robust, well clothed,
and live in houses.
Hdmi Hotun, X. Chinese Tartary, 'and capital
of a country of the same name, not large, but
full of houses and people ; 1,045 NW. Peking,
Lon. 93. 44. E. Lat. 42. 55. N.
Hamilton, p-t Essex co. Mass. ; 8 N. Salem,
23 NNE. Boston, W. 460. Lon. 70. 52. W. Lat
42. 38. N. Fop. 802.
Hamilton, co. N. Y., bounded N. by St. Law
rence and Franklin cos., E. by Essex, Warren,
and Saratoga cos., S. by Montgomery, and W.
by Herkimer. Pop. 1,251.
Hamilton, p-t. Madison cp. N. Y.; 25 SW.

HAM

714

HAM

Utica, 106 W. Albany, W. 350. Pop. 2,681. A
weekly newspaper is published here.
Hamilton, v. in Olean, Cataraugus co. N. Y., at
the head of navigation, on the Alleghany, where
it is joined by Olean creek ; 30 SW. Angelica,
173 NNE. Pittsburg by land, 260 by the course
of foe river, 300 W. Albany. It is regularly laid
out. Hamilton, X. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 877.
Hamilton, X. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,207.
Hamilton, t. Philadelphia co. Pa., on W. side
of the Schuylkill, opposite Philadelphia.
Hamilton, X, Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,320.
Hamilton, p-v. Martin co, N. C. ; on S, side
of the Roanoke ; 12 NW. Williamston, 100
SSE. Raleigh, W. 264. H. 8.
Hamilton, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 31,764.
Chief town, Cincinnati.
Hamilton, p-t. & cap. Butler co. Ohio, on the
Great Miami ; 25 N. Cincinnati, 105 SW. Co
lumbus, W. 516. Pop. 660. It contains the
county buildings, and a printing office.
Hamilton, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 1,068.
Hamilton, p-t. & cap. Montgomery co. Illi
nois, 25 Vandalia, W. 825. It is recently laid
out, in a fertile tract of countiy.
Hamilton, co. East Tennessee. Pop. 821.
Hamilton, p-t. Martin co. N. C. ; W. 364.
Hamilton, see Guilderlandt.
Hamilton College, see Clinton.
Hamilton-Ban, X. Adams co. Pa. It borders
on Maryland. Pop. 1,053.
Hamilton, t. Scot, in Lanerkshire, on the
Clyde; 11 SE. Glasgow, 13 NNW. Lanerk.
Lon. 4. 2. W. Lat. 55. 49. N. Pop. 6,453. In
1760, it was made a burgh of regality, in which
state it still remains. Near the town is a mag
nificent seat of the duke of Hamilton.
Hamin, t Arabia Felix, in Oman ; 140 NNE.
Hassek. Homing, X. Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 13
S. Stockholm.
Hamm, (in Latin Hammona,) X. Pru. West
phalia, in Arensberg, capital of a circle, form
erly capital of the county of Mark ; 17 S. Mun
ster. Lon. 7. 53. E. Lat. 51. 40. N. Pop. 4,675.
It is well built and surrounded with ditches
and palisades, which serve for walls. The
Calvinists, Lutherans, and Catholics, have each
a church, and the Calvinists 'have also a
gymnasium and a Latin school. A little to the
west of the town is a fortress, called Fort Fer
dinand. Hamm is a place of good trade, and
was formerly Hanseatic The linen bleacheries
are fine and extensive.
Hammah, see Hamam.
Hammah, (El,) or Elhammah of Gabs, (an.
Aqua Tacaplinm,) X. Africa, in Tunis; 10 W.
Gabs. It is celebrated for its baths. These
baths are sheltered from the weather by low
thatched hovels ; and their basins, which are
about 12 feet square, and 4 in depth, have, a
little below the surface of the water, some
benches of stone for the bathers to sit upon.
One of these baths is called the BotA of the Le
pers, and below it the water stagnates, and
forms a pool.
Hammait, X. Algiers; 40, SSE. Oran.
Hammam Leefi (an Aqua Caliche,) X. Africa,
'to Tunis ; 14 S. Tunis. Here i's a celebrated

hot bath, much resorted to by the citizens of
the capital, and near it is a mountain rich in
lead ore.
Hammam Mereega, see Mereega. „
Hammam Meskouteen, X. Africa, in Algiers ; 36
E. Constantina.
Hammamlu, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 36 W.
Aphiom Kara-hissar.
Hamme, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders ; 8
SSW. Antwerp. Pop. 8,376.
Hamrhe, r. Ger., which runs into the Wumme,
about 3 miles before it joins the Weser.
Hammel, or Hdmel, r. Ger., which runs into
the Weser, near Hameln.
Hammelburg, t. Bav. Lower Maine, on the
Saale ; 16 W. Schweinfurt, 27 S. Fulda. Pop.
2,585. Hammer, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus; 25 N.
Christiania. Hammer, (Little,) X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ;
76 N. Christiania. Lon. 10.25. E. Lat. 61. 9. N.
Hammer Island, small isl. Sweden, in the
Baltic, nearthe coast of Blechingen; 4 E. Carls.
crona. ..
Hammerdak, X. Sweden, in Jamtland; 32
NE. Froson.
Hammerfest, X. Norway, in Finmark, on foe
island of Hvaloe, in a small bay, near the North
Cape, and is the most northerly village in Eu
rope. Lon. 24. 28. E. Lat. 70. 39. N. Pop. in
1789, 40.
Hammerhus, fortress, Denmark, in the island
of Bornholm.
Hammersmith, v. Eng., in Middlesex, on N.
side of the Thames ; 4 W. London. Pop. 7,393.
Hammerstein, X. West Prussia, in Dantzic ; 50
NW. Culm. . Pop. 1,059.
Hammerstein, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, on the
Rhine ; 6 NNW. Coblentz. Pop. 650.
Hammon, see Ammon.
Hammbnassct, r. Connecticut, which runs in
to Long island sound, between Guilford and
Killingworth. Hammond's Island, small isl. near S. coast of
New Georgia, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 157-«
5. E. Lat. 8. 46. S.
Hamnskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 23. 39. E. Lat. 63. 54. N.
Hamnskar, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. E. Lat. 63. 25. N.
Hamoaze, creek or bay, in foe English chan
nel, the W. branch or main stream ofthe river
Tamar, which falls into Plymouth sound, and.
forms a harbour for foe British navy, capable
of containing 100 vessels ; they usually lie at
anchor in 3 tiers( in 13 or 14 fathoms of water.
Hamondsburg, or Hippiiburg, bank in the
German ocean, on the coast of Norfolk.
Hamont, or Helmont, t. Neth., Limburg ; 36
N. Liege. Lon. 5. 40. E. Lat. 51. 16. N. . Pop.
925. Hamorpaicham, t. Chinese Tartary ; 45 E.
Piloutai. Hamate, see Long Island.
Hampden, co. SW. part of Mass., bounded N.
by Hampshire co., E. by Worcester co., S. by
Connecticut, and WVby Berkshire co. Pop.
in 1810, 25,403 ; in 1820, 28,021. Chief town,
Springfield. Hampden, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on W.

HAM

715

HAN

side of the Penobscot; 6 SSW. Bangor, 28
NNW. Castine, W. 682. Pop. 1,443. It is a
pleasant town, and contains an academy.
Hampden Sidney College, college,' in Prince
Edward co. Va. ; l.mile from the court house,
85 SW. Richmond, 209 S. Washington. It has
a pleasant and healthful situation ; was founded
in 1774, arid is one of the most respectable and
flourishing "seminaries in the southern states. —
The buildings consist of the principal or new
college edifice of brick, 190 feet by 50, of 4
stories, containing a chape), a philosophical
chamber, a library room, 2 society halls, and
48 rooms for students ; the old college edifice,
also of brick, 45 feet by 40, of 3 stories, occu
pied by the academy or preparatory school, at
tached to the college ; a dining hall, and an
other building containing 3 public rooms. The
college library, together with the librariefbe-
longing to the societies, contains about 2,000
volumes. The college has a respectable chemi
cal apparatus, and a small cabinet of minerals.
The legislative government is entrusted to 27
trustees, and foe executive government to a
president, who is also professor of chemistry
and natural philosophy ; 2 professors, one of
mathematics, and one of languages, and 2 tu
tors. The number of students, in 1822, was
about 120.
Hampflen, t. Austria ; 14 SW. Steyr.
Hampshire, (New,) see New Hampshire.
Hampshin, co. W. part of Mass.; bounded
N. by Franklin co., E. by Worcester co., S. by
Hampden co., and W. by Berkshire co. Pop.
in 1810; 24,523 ; in 1820, 26,487. Chief town,
Northampton. Hmpshire, co. N. side of Va. ; bounded NW.
and N. by the Potomac, ESE. by Berkley and
Frederick cos., and SW. by Hardy co. Pop: in
1810,9,784; slaves, 929. Pop. in 1820, 10,889.
Chief town, Romney.
Hampshire, otherwise called The County of
Hants, and County of Southampton, co. Eng.,
.bounded N. by Berkshire, E. by Surry and Sus
sex, S. by foe English channel, and W. by the
counties of Wilts and Dorset. Sq. m. 1,600.
Pop. in 1811,245,080; 21,400 families employ
ed in agriculture, 18,024 in trade and manufac
tures, 11,492 otherwise. The air is healthy, and
the Soil in general fertile, but various. The prin
cipal productions are corn, timber, and wool.
Hampshire is 60 miles in length, 30 in breadth,
and 150 in circ. It is divided into 39 hundreds,
which Contain one city, Winchester, 20 market
towns, Southampton, Portsmouth, Andover,
Christchurch, fac, and 1 ,062 villages.
Hampstead, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 8 E.
Londonderry, 30 W.Portsmouth, W. 488. P. 751.
Hampstead, p-t. Rockland co. N. Y. ; 15 NW.
New-York. Pop. 2,072. It is watered by the
Ramapo, and contains the Ramapo works, and
other extensive iron works.
Hampstead, p-v. King George co. Va. ; W. 90.
Hampstead, v. Eng., in Middlesex, formerly
resorted to for its mineral waters; 5 N. London.
Hampton, Indian name Winnicowet, p-t. Rock
ingham co. N. H., on the Atlantic ; 12 SSW.
Portsmouth, W. 487. Lon. 70. 50. W.- Lat. 42.
57. N. Pop. 1,098. It is a pleasant town;~and
contains a Congregational meeting house, and
an academy.

Hampton, p-t. Windham co. Ct. ; 8 NE.
Windham ; 37 E. Hartford, W. 368. Pop. 1,313.
¦Hampton, X. Washington co. N . Y. ; 70 NNE,
Albany. Pop. 963.
Hampton, s-p. fa cap. Elizabeth City co. Va.,
at the head of a bay which runs up N. from the
mouth of James river, called Hampton Road ; 5
NW. Point Comfort, 15 N.Norfolk, 93 ESE.
Richmond, W. 211. It contains about 30 hous
es, and has a little trade. The shipping belong
ing to this port, in 1816, amounted to 2,169 tons.
Hampton Falls, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ;
18 SSW. Portsmouth, W. 487. Pop. 572.
Hampton, (New,) p-t. Strafford co. N. H., on
E. side of the Merrimack ; 31 N. Concord, 70
NW. Portsmouth, W. 533. Pop. 1,500.
Hampton, (New,) p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. ;
40 NW. New-Brunswick, W. 204.
Hampton, v. Eng., in Middlesex, at which is
a royal palace, situated near the Thames, called
Hampton Court; 15WSW. London. Pop. 2,515.
Hampton, see Minchen-Hamplon, and Little
Hampton. Hamptonville, /p-v. Surry co. N. C. ; W. 402.
Hamrd, small isl: in the Red sea, nearthe
coast of Arabia. Lat. 26. 30. N.
HamracAi,t. Persia, Segestan; 180SE.Zareng.
Hamrange, X. Sweden, in Gestricia, in a bay
of the gulf of Bothnia; 14 N. Gefle. Lon, 16.
52. E. Lat. 60. 55. N.
Hamrik, t. Neth. Groningen ; 5 E. by N.
Winnschotten. Pop. 1,100.
Hamsin, X. Hind., in Oude ; 17" SE. Fyzabad.
Hamstead Point, cape on N. coast of the isle
of Wight. Lon. 1 . 16. W. Lat. 50. 43. N.
Ham-lchin, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 10 NW. Pao-ting.
Han, city, China, of the second rank, in Se-
tchuen. Lon. 10. 4. E. Lat. 31. N.
Han, r. China, which rises in S. part of Chen-
si, and joins the Yang-tse, at Hanyang, in
Hou-quang. .
Han, small isl. near the coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4. 33. W. Lat. 58. 37. N.
Hanamine, small isl. near W. coast of Ireland,
and co. Galway ; 2 NW. Rinvell point.
Hanau, X. Hesse Cassel, capital of a province
to which it gives name, on the Kinzig, where
it joins the Maine ; 8 E. Frankfort on the Maine,
25 SSE. Wetzlar, 27 E Mentz. Lon. 8. 59. E.
Lat. 50. 19. N. Pop. 11,997. H. 1,466. It is
divided into Old and New Town. The former
is old, but has a magnificent castle ; foe latter
is much larger, with regular streets. The town
contains an illustrious gymnasium, and other
institutions, and has extensive manufactures of
silk, also of woollen, cotton, porcelain, fac. —
Great quantities af roll tobacco are made up
here, and a great article of trade consists in
timber brought down the Maine, rough and
cast iron, meal, and corn.
Hanau Lilchtenburg, lordship, situated for the
most part in Alsace, and now united to France.
The remainder is shared by Baden and Hesse
Darmstadt. Pop. of the whole upwards of 80,000.
Hanau, or Hanau Munzenburg, pr. Hesse
Cassel, in the Wetterau, formerly a principality
and separate government, subject to the counts
of Hanau; extending from E.toW.^alongN.bank
of the Maine, about 45 miles. Sq.m. 345. p0p.

HAN"

716

HAN

5^,854. H. 9,087. It is esteemed one of the
richest and most fertile countries in Germany,
producing grain, legumes, exquisite wine, and
delicious fruits. It contains magnificent forests,
a rich salt mine, a copper mine, a silver mine,
and a mine of cobalt.
Hanazo, r. Abyssinia, which runs into the
Arabian sea, near the town of Zeila.
Hanchan, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 25 NW. Tai-ping.
Hanckenbuttel, X. Han., in Luneburg Zelle ; 24
E. Zelle.
Hancock, co. Maine, bounded N. by Penob
scot co., E. by Washington co., S. by the At
lantic, and W. by Lincoln and Kennebec cos.
Pop. in 1810, 30,031 ; in 1820, 31,290. Chief
town, Castine.
Hancock, p-t. Addison co. Vt. ; 36 SSW.
Montpelier, W. 484. Pop. 442.
Hancock, p-t Hillsborough co. N.H., 21 NW.
Amherst, W. 465. Pop. 1,178. It contains a
cotton and woollen manufactory.,
Hancock, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 20 NNW.
Lenox, 150 W. Boston, W. 367. Pop. in 1810,
1,049 ; in 1820, 1,165. In this town, 2 miles
from New-Labanon, and 5 from Pittsfield, is a
flourishing village of Shakers.
Hancock, p-t Delaware co. N. Y, ; 25 S Del
hi ; W. 325. Pop. 525.
Hancock, p-t. Salem co. N. J. ; W. 177.
Hancock, p-t. Washington co. Md., on the
Potomac; 34 W. Elizabethtown, 103 W. Balti
more, W. 96. Pop. 200.
Hancock, co. central part of Georgia. Pop.
in 1810, 13,330; slaves, 6,456. Pop. in 1820,
12,734. Chief town, Sparta.
Hancock, co. Mississippi. Pop. 1,594.
Hancock's Harbour, harbour on W. coast of
N. A. ; 60 ESE. Nootka sound. Lon. 125. 26.
W. Lat. 48- '30. N. The entrance of this har
bour is about 5 miles long, and has good anchor
age. The land around is generally uneven.
rocky, and mountainous, covered with pine,
spruce, cedar, fir, hemlock, cypress, and other
trees of remarkable size.
Handacken, X. Bav. ; 4 SE. Geroltzbofen.
Hando, country, Africa, subject to Quoja.
Handschuhheim,X. Baden, in Neckar; 3 WNW.
Heidelberg. Pop. 1,230.
Handsome People, (Island of) isl. in foe Pa
cific ocean, about 6 leagues in circ, so called
from the beauty of the inhabitants. Lon. 175.
10. W. Lat. 10. S.
Handsworth, X. Eng., in Staffordshire ; 3 N.
Birmingham. Pop. 2,157.
Handya, X. Hind., Jyenagur; 12 E. Jyepour.
Hanebo, t. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 12 SW.
Soderhamn. .
Hanedak, t. Nubia, on the Nile; 80 NW.
Dongola. Hanenbach, X. Bav. ; 8 E. Leuchtlershausen.
Hanepari, X. Carnatic : 20 N. Tanjore.
Hang, X. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 6 NE.
Linkioping. Hanghes, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire ; 11
N. Chartres. H. 240.
Hanjest, or Handgest, X. France, in Somme ;
7 N. Montdidier. Pop. 1,263. c
Hangiara, X. Turkestan; 115 S. Andegan,
180 ENE. Samarcand.

Hangingshawlaw, hill, Scot., in the county of
Selkirk; 6 NW. Selkirk.
Hangman'^ Point, cape, Ireland, at Kinsale
harbour; 2 S. Kinsale. Lon. 8. 29. W. Lat. 51.
47. N.
Hango, or Ingo, s-p. Finland, in Nyland, on
the Baltic; 18 E Eknas, 30 W. Helsingfors.
Lon. 23. 56. E. Lat. 60. 3. N.
Hang-tan, t China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li. Hang-teheou, city, China, of the first rank,
capital of Tche-kiang ; 600 SSE. Peking. Lon.
119. 46. E Lat. 30. 20, N. It is one of the richr
est and largest cities of the empire, called by
the Chinese The Terrestrial Paradise, and said
to contain 1,000,000 souls, situated between
the basin of the Grand canal and the river Tsien-
tang, which falls into the sea at foe distance of
little more than 60 miles to the eastward. The
tide, when full, increases foe width of this river
to about 4 miles, opposite to the city. It has no
thing grand in its appearance except its walls :
the houses are low, none exceed two stories ;
the streets are narrow.; they are paved with
large, smooth flags in foe middle, and with
small flat stones on each side. The chief streets
consist entirely of shops and warehouses, many
not inferior to the most splendid of the kind in
London. A brisk and extensive trade seems to
be carried on in silks, and not a little in furs,
and English broadcloths. The country around
produces great quantities of excellent silk ; and
in raising it they assert that 60,000 people are
employed in the towns and villages round about
Hanky, X. Eng., in Staffordshire, near the
Trent; 2 NE. Newcastle-under-Line. Lon. 2.
10. W. Lat. 53. 2. N. Pop. 4,481. It has a
large manufactory in pottery, and a market on
Saturday. Han-tching, t. China, of the third rank, in
Chen-si ; 50 NNE. Tong.
Hangwell, fortress, Ceylon, which, in Sept.
1803, being then in possession of the British,
was attacked by the Candians, who were re^
pulsed with great loss.
Hanimmet, t. Morocco ; 30 E. Morocco.
Hanhikivi, small isl. on E. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 24. 12. E. Lat. 64. 33. N.
Hank, X. Egypt; 10 NE. Cairo.
Hanna, X. Lithuania, in Brzesc ; 24 S. Brzesc.
Hanna, r. Moravia, which runs into the Ma
rasch, 2 N. Kremsir. It gives name to a district
in the circle of Olmutz, containing 400 sq. m.
Hannachreen, small isl. near W. coast of Ire
land ; 6 E. Rinveel point, Lon. 9. 10. W. Lat
53. 36. N.
Hannah Bay, bay in S. part of James' bay,
Hudson's bay. Lon. 80. W. Lat. 51. 12. N.
Hanndkallal Indians, on W. coast of N, A.
No. 600.
Hannas, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 90 N. Calmar.
Hannbach, t. Bav., dist. Amberg. Pop. 638.
Hanneck, X. Bav. ; 5 N. Hertzogen-Aurach.
Hannibal, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y., on lake
Ontario, on W. side ofthe Oswego; 30 NNW.
Onondaga, 180 WNW. Albany. Pop. 935.
Hannibal, p-t. Pike co. Missouri; 130 St.
Louis, W. 1,021.
Hanningsdorf, or Heintendorf t- SHesia, in
Neisse ; 4 SSW, Grotkau.

HAN

717

HAN

Hannonville sous les C6tes, X. France, in
Meuse ; 9 NNE. St. Mihiel, 12 SE. Verdun.
Hannoys, small isl. in foe English channel,
about half a mile from W. coast of Guernsey.
Hannuah, X. Bengal ; 13 ENE. Rogonatpour.
Hannuye, X. Brabant; 20 W. Liege.
Hanosfalva, X. Hungary ; 12 NE. Szeben.
Hanote, X. Guzerat ; 10 NW. Champaneer.
Hanover, p-t. Grafton co. N. H., on E. side of
the Connecticut; 53 NW. Concord, 102 WNW.
Portsmouth, 1 15 NW. Boston, W. 495. Pop.
2,222. Dartmouth College is situated in SW.
part of this township, about half a mile E. of
the river, on a beautiful plain, where there is a
handsome village of about 60 houses, with a
Congregational meetinghouse ; about five miles
to the NE. of which, within foe township, there
is another Congregational meeting house. At
the village there is a handsome bridge across
the river, connecting the town with Norwich.
Dartmouth College was founded by Dr. Elea-
zer Wheelock, and chartered by royal grant, in
1769. The funds, which were originally creat
ed by charitable individuals, have been increas
ed by grants from the legislatures of New-
Hampshire and Vermont ; and afford, at pre
sent, an increasing annual income- of about
1,600 dollars. The buildings consist of 2 hand
some edifices, one styled College Hall, 150 feet
by 50, of 3 stories, containing 34 rooms for
under-graduates, and 2 for other purposes ; the
other, styled Medical Hall, a brick edifice of 3
stories, containing a laboratory, a room for the
anatomical museum, 2 lecture rooms, and 9
rooms for medical students ; a chapel, and a
dining hall. The college library contains up
wards of 5,000 volumes, foe medical library
about 500, and 2 libraries belonging to college
societies abont 3,300 each, making in all up
wards of 12,000 vols. The college has a good
philosophical apparatus, an extensive che
mical apparatus, a large "anatomical museum,
and a valuable cabinet of minerals.
The executive government is entrusted to a
president and 8 professors, one of theology, one
of mathematics and natural philosophy , one ofthe
Latin and Greek languages andliterature, one of
rhetoric and oratory, one of surgery, obstetrics,
and legal medicine, one of the theory and prac
tice of physic, materia medica, and botany, one
of chemistry, mineralogy, and the application
of science to the arts, and one of anatomy and
physiology ; and 2 tutors. The number of un
der graduates, in 1822, was about 160 ; medical
students, 65. ' There is a grammar school con
nected with the college, which has about 50
students. The medical department was estab
lished in 1798. The lectures commence with
the college fall term, and continue 3 months.
Commencement is held on the Wednesday pre
ceding foe last Wednesday in August. There
are 3 vacations ; the 1st, from commencement,
4 weeks ; foe 2d, from the 1st Monday in Jan
uary, 7 weeks ; the 3d, from the Monday pre
ceding the last Wednesday in May, 2J weeks.
Hanover, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 22 SSE.
Boston, W.464. Pop. 1,211.
Hanover, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y., about 26
SW. Buffalo, 320W. Albany, W. 408, Pop.2,217
Hanover, p-t. Morris co. N. J., on foe Passaic ;
16 NW. Elizabethtown., W. 233. Pop. 3,503.

Hanover, t. Burlington co. N. J. Fop. 2,642.
Hanover Neck, p-v. Morris co. N. J.; 68
Trenton, W. 225.
Hanover, p-t. fa bor. York Co. Pa.; 18 SW.
York, W. 80. Pop. 946. It is a pleasant town,
and contains a market house, 2 houses of pub
lic worship, 1 for German Lutherans, and 1 for
German Calvinists, and has considerable trade.
A newspaper in German is published here. The
inhabitants are chiefly Germans. The surround
ing country is fertile and well cultivated.
Hanover, X. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 358.'
Hanover, X. Lehigh co. Fa. Pop. 866.
Hanover, X. Lebanon co. Fa. Pop. 1,871.
Hanover, X. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 879.
Hanover, t. Washington co. Fa. Pop. 1,329,
Hanover, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,147.
Hanover, (New,) t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,320. Hanover, (Upper,) X. Montgomery co. Pa!.
Pop. 1,273.
Hanover, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio ; W. 320.
Pop. 1,486.
Hanover, p-t. Licking co. Ohio ; 43 Columbusj
W. 385. Pop. 695.
Hanover, X. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 118.
Hanoverj X. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,512.
Hanover, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana; 110 Co
lumbus, W. 534.
Hanover; p-t. Knox co. Ohio ; W. 379.
Hanover, co. Va., bounded NE. by Spottsyl-
vania, Caroline, and King William cos., E. by
New Kent co., S. by Henrico, SW. by Gooch
land co., and W. by Louisa co. ; W. 103. Pop.
in 1810, 15,082; slaves, 8,454. Pop. in 1820,
15,267. HANOVER, countiy, Ger., formerly an elec
torate, but erected into a kingdom in 1815 ;
bounded N. by the German ocean, NE. by the
Elbe, E. by Pru. Saxony, S. by Pru. Saxony,
Westphalia, and Hesse Cassel, and W. by the
Netherlands. The boundaries include the grand
duchy of Oldenburg, part of the duchy of Bruns
wick, and the city of Bremen, all independent
of Hanover. Lon. 6. 51. to 11. 51. E. Lat. 51.
18. to 53. 54. N.
In 1815, East Friesland, Hildesheim, the town
of Gosslar with its district, the lower county of
Lingen, with some petty districts, were annex
ed to Hanover; containing together a popula
tion of upwards of 200,000. In return Hanover
. ceded to Prussia only a small territory on the
right of the Elbe, and a still smaller one in the
western part to the grand duke of Oldenburg.
Hanover now contains the following 1 1 provin
ces. The late principality of Grubenhagen now
forms a part of foe province of Gottingen.
Provinces. Sq.m. Pop. Capital.
Calenberg 1,049 ------
Gottingen 1,216
Luneburg 4,231
Hildesheim 682
Bremen 2,136
Verden 522
Hoya and Diepholz 1,418
Osnabruck 921
East Friesland 1,113
Lingen 132
Bentheim, Mep- ) , ., .„
pen, fac. * \ M**

139,222 Hanover
176,110 Gottingen
245,976 Luneburg
128,938 Hildesheim
168,504 Stade
22,556 Verden
105,120 Nienburg
126,037 Osnabruck
120,825 Aurich
20,123 Lingen
52,054 Meppen

14,662 1,305,465

HAN

718

HAN

Government. Hanover, although a member
of the Germanic confederation, is governed by
the king of Great Britain, who is also styled
king of Hanover. It is now governed by a vice
roy appointed by the king, assisted by a parlia
mentary body.
Religion. The religion is Lutheran. There
are 152,000 Catholics, 40,000 Calvinists, 8,200
Jews, 400 Merinonists ; the rest Lutherans.
Education. The university of Gottingen is
well known. There are also academies or gym
nasia at Hanover, Luneburg, Hildesheim, Os-
naburg, Lingen, Ilfeld, fac. There are elementa
ry schools in every village.
Face ofthe country, soil, fyc. With foe excep
tion of the Hartz and other elevated tracts in
the south, the territory of Hanover consists of
an immense plain with only gentle undulations.
In the south the valleys are fertile ; in the. north
there are many barren heaths and moors ; the
most productive tracts are those along the banks
of the rivers, which have been reclaimed from
a marshy state.  The climate is generally
healthy, though the marshes in some parts pro
duce noisome exhalations.
Productions. The mountain tract, called
Hartz, is valuable for its forests, and still more
so for its mines of silver, iron, copper, lead, zinc,
sulphur, and vitriol. — The productions of Han
over, are wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat,
bemp, flax, tobacco, madder, potatoes, various
other vegetables ;' cattle, horses, and sheep.
Trade and manufactures. Neither of these are
carried on extensively in Hanover. Emden is
the only town that has any maritime trade of
consequence. There are manufactures at Os-
naburg, and some other places.
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Elbe,
Weser, Ems, Leine, Ocker, Ilmenau, fac.
Hanover, city, Ger., capital of the kingdom of
Hanover, and of the province of Calenburg, on
foe Leine, which divides it into two parts, call
ed the Old and New Town ; 28 W. Brunswick,
58 SE. Bremen, 150 W. Berlin. Lon. 9. 43. E.
Lat. 52. 22. N. Pop. in 1811, 20,038 ; in 18,19,
about 25,000. H. 2,095. It contains 5 Lutheran
churches, 1 Calvinist, 1 Catholic, 1 synagogue,
2 hospitals, an orphan house, and 2 poor-houses.
The elector's palace, now the residence of the
viceroy, has been recently repaired, and ren
dered an elegant modern edifice. Hanover
contains a gymnasium, a seminary, styled the
Georgianum, for the education of 40 sons of
Hanoverian nobles, and a public library founded
by Leibnitz, containing the archives of foe king
dom, and a valuable collection of books. Other
objects of interest are the mews, foe church of
the castle, some fine gardens, the wood of El-
lenztied, the Lutheran burying ground, and a
country royal mansion, at some distance from
foe town, with a garden containing a very in
teresting botanical collection.
Hanover is situated in a sandy though pic
turesque district, and its appearance at a dis
tance is singular and romantic. On entering
the town, it exhibits an antiquated appearance.
The materials for building are generally brick,
with wooden frame work, painted so as to af
ford an imperfect imitation of stone. The in
habitants derive their chief support from the

presence of foe court and the residence of the
gentry ; and also from manufactures, on a small
scale, of gold and silver lace, printing cotton
and linen, brewing, fac, and some trade. It has
four annual fairs. — Natives, Ifland, W. A. faFr.
Schlegel, and Dr. Herschel.
Hanover Bay, or Chetamal Bay, bay or gulf
on the E. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 89. 19. W.
Lat. 18. 45. N.
Hanover, (New,) W. part of N. America,
bordering on the coast of the N. Facific ocean.
situated between New Cornwall, and New
Georgia, extending from Lat. 45. 30. to 53.
15. N.
Hanover, (New,) island in the Pacific ocean,
about 30 miles in length. The SW. part is situ
ated in Lon. 148. 27. E. Lat. 2. 49. S.
Hanoula, X. Hind., in Agra ; 20 SE. Agra.
Hanrau, or Hanrow, t. Holstein ; 14 E. Mel-
dorp. Hansbach, or Hanspach, X. Bohemia, in Leit
meritz, with manufactures of cotton, thread,
and paper ; 12 N. Kamnitz.
Hansbecke, X. Neth., E. Flanders; 10 E. Ghent.
Pop. 2,440:
Hansdorf orflan«s-/atra,t.Hungary,in Saros,
with mineral springs ; 10 NE. Szeben.
Hanse Towns, a celebrated association which
commenced about 1140, and which afterwards
comprised most of the commercial towns in
Europe. Hanse is an obsolete word, which in
High Dutch, signifies confederacy or alliance.
No cities were admitted into the Hanseatic
league except such as were situated on the sea,
or on some navigable river. The members of
this powerful association, formed the first sys
tematic plan of commerce known in the middle
ages. The end ofthe 14th centuiy and the begin
ning of the 15th, were the most flourishing times
of this alliance, which then embraced 64 com
mercial towns. The members were dividedinto4
collegesorprovinces, distinguished by thenames
of their4 principal towns, which were Lubec, Co
logne, Brunswick, and Dantzic. Lubec was the
head of the whole hanse. The hanse associa
tion had also 4 principal factories, or staples,
called comptoirs; these were London, Bruges,
Novgorod, and Bergen ; that of Bruges was af
terwards removed to Antwerp. In 1630 this
confederacy was dissolved. At present the
Hanseatic league comprises only 4 cities, Ham
burg, Lubec, Bremen, and Frankfort on foe
Maine. They have a vote in the Germanic diet,
and have a commercial treaty with each other,
and a court of appeal at Lubec.
Hansfelden, X. Stiria ; 8 NNW. Judenburg.
Honshagen, t. Prussia, in Natangen ; 10 NNW.
Heilsberg. Hanslop, t. Eng., in Buckinghamshire ; 5 NW.
Newport Pagnel. Pop. 1,289.
Hanson, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass.; 24 Boston,
W.358. Pop. 917.
Hansoote, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 15 SW. Ba-
roach. Hanstadt, X. Denmark, in Aarhuus ; 3 N.
Horsens. Hansquar, X. Morung ; 72 E. Amerpour.
Hanswalt, t Prussia, in Oberland; 4 SSE.
Salfeldt. , :
Hanla, see Anta.

HAR

719

HAR

Han-tchao, small island in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Cochin China, at the entrance
ofthe harbour of Turon. Lon. 108. 12. E. Lat.
16. 12. N.
Han-tcheou, or An-tcheou, X. Corea, in Hoang-
hai, on the river Tchou-nang ; 140 NNW.King-
kitchao. Lon. 125. 31. E. Lat. 39; 38. N.
Han-tchong, city, China, of the first rank, in
S. part of Chen-si, on the river Han, in a fertile
country, surrounded by mountains and forests ;
625 SW. Peking. Lon. 106. 44. E. Lat 32. 69.
N. The principal articles of commerce are
honey, wax, musk, and cinnabar.
Han-tchuen, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-Quang, on the Han ; 25 W. Han- Yang.
Hanlou-Hotun, t. Chinese Tartary ; 17 NW.
Nimgouta. Hants, see Hampshire.
Hanvec, X. France, in Finisterre ; 8 S. Lander-
nau, 8 N. Chateaulin.
Hanvois, t. France, in Oise, district of Beau
vais. Fop. 1,120.
Hanuziszki, X. Rus. Wilna ; 10 SSW. Troki.
Hanway's Point, cape, on N. coast of Egmont
island. Lon. 164. 22. E. Lat. 10. 42. S.
Hanwell, v. fa parish, Eng., in Middlesex ; 10
W. London. Pop. 803. — Native, J. Hanway.
Hanxlet, small isl. in E. part of the gull of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 30. E. Lat. 63. 19. N.
Han-yang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Hou-quang, at the conflux of foe rivers Han and
Yan-tse ; 587 W. Peking. Lon. 113. 44. E. Lat
30. 36. N.
Han-yn, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Chen-si;
80 WNW. Hing-ngan.
Han-yu, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 20 N. Hai.
Hapae, pronounced sometimes Habei, a clus
ter of 4 islands among those called the Friendly
islands, in the S. Pacific ocean ; they are fertile
and well cultivated, and the inhabitants hospi
table. They lie about Lon. 185. 36. to 185. 45. E.
Lat. 19. 39. to 19. 53. S.
Hupajerfin, t. Finland ; 30 SSW. Brahestad.
Hapircan, X. Chinese Tartary, in Hami ; 15
SE. Houpatar Paitchang
Hapircan poulac, t. Thibet ; 25 WNW. Orto.
Haplincourt, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais;
3 E. Bapaume.
Hopper, X. Hind., in Sehaurunpour; 24 SSE.
Meral. Happurg, X. Bav.; 3 SE. Herrsbruck.
Hapsal, or Hapsala, see Gapsal.
Hapsburg, see Habsburg.
Hara, i . Chinese Tartary, which runs into the
Orgon, Lon. 105. 36. E. Lat. 49. 35. N.
Hara, lake, Thibet. Lon. 97. 19. E. Lat. 36.
42. N.
Hara il Coma, X. Little Bukharia; 15 NE.
Acsu. Httrac, see Krac.
Haracher Holun, I. Thibet ; 160 W. Tourfan.
Lon. 86. 16. E. Lat. 43. 4. N.
Haraker, X. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 12 N.
Westeras. Haralope-pai-Hotun, X. Little Bukharia ; 42
NE. Acsu. Lon. 83. 40. E. Lat. 41. 55. N.
Hara-oso, t. Thibet ; 48 WNW. Cha-tcheou.
Hara-Palgason, X. Thibet ; 25 SE. Oram-tchi
Hotun.

Hara-loube,X. Thibet; 37 W. Hami. LOri.-lg.
44. E. Lat. 42. 53. N.
Haram, small island in the Red seei, near the
coast of Arabia. Lat. 22. 18. N.
Haramfoe, small island in the North sea, near
the coast of Norway. Lat. 62. 36. N.
Haran, now Heren.
Haran Alcarin, i. Arabia, In Hedsjas ; 4 N,
Niab. Haratch, (an. Sonus,) r. Africa, which runs
into the sea, 6 SE. Algiers.
Harbuch, t. Bav.; 4 SE; Gemunden.
Harbach, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Muhr, 1 NW. Murhard.
Harbaghe, t. Nubia, on the left bank of foe
Nile ; 63 N. Sennaar. Lon.,33. 6. E. Lat, 14.
40. N.
Harbledown, v. Eng., in Kent ; 1 mile from
Canterbury. Harbo,X. Sweden, Westmanland; 20 NNW.
Upsal. Harbonnieres, X. France, in Somme ; 12 N.
Montdidier, 15 E. Amiens.
Harbor'ough, or Market-Harborough, X. Eng.,
in Leicester, with a weekly market on Tues
day ; 14 SSE. Leicester, 83 NNW. London.
Lon. 0. 66. W. Lat. 52. 20. N. Pop. 1,716.
Harbour Island, one of the smaller Bahama
islands, N. of Eleuthera. Lon. 76. 44. W. Lat
25. 56. N.
Harbour Island, small isl. near the coast of
N. Carolina, in Pamlico sound. Lon. 76. 32. W.
Lat. 34. 50. N.
Harbourg, small isl. in the English channel,
near foe coast of France. Lon. 1. 59. W. Lat.
48. 39. N.
Harbur, small isl. in Red sea. Lat. 16. 5. N.
Harburg, t. Ger., Eichsfeld; 9 SE. Duderstadt
Harburg, or Haarburg, X. Bav., in Oettingen-
Wallerstein, on the Wernitz ; 6 SE. Nordlin-
gen, 9 S. Oettingen.
Harburg, or Haarburg, s-p. Han., Luneburg
Zelle, on the Seeve, which'runs through it into
the Elbe ; 7 S. Hamburg, 32 NNW. Luneburg.
Lon. 9. 56. E. Lat. 53. 28. N. Pop. 3,626. H.
515. The inhabitants carry on a considerable
trade in bleaching wax, refining sugar, manu
facturing starch, ribbons, hats, and stockings.
Harcas, X. Tartary, and principal residence of
foe khan of the Calmucks, on the river Hi.
Harcas-koh, mt. Persia, in Irak ; 40 N. Kom.
Harcourt, X. France, in Eure ; 12 NE. Ber-
nay, 15 NW. Evreux. Pop. 1,297.
Harcourt le bois Halbont, t. France, in Cal
vados ; 10 NW. Falaise, 12 S. Caen. Pop. 988.
Hardales, X. Spain, in Seville ; 10 SW. Ante
quera. Hardan, r. Ger., which runs into the Ilmenau,
near Ultzen, in Luqeburg Zelle.
Hardanger, mt. Norway, in Bergen ; 60 E.
Bergen. Hardanger, (Gulf of) bay of the North sea,
on the coast of Norway. Lon. 6. E. Lat 59
50. N. .
Hardberg, X. Stiria ; 10 SSW. Fridberg, 52 S
Vienna. Lon. 15. 46. E. Lat. 47. 18. N.
Hardcaslle, X. of the Hottentots, Africa, SW.
of Griquatown. Pop. 885.
Horde, r. Ger., which runs into the Leine, 2
SE. Eimbeck. '

HAR

720

HAR

Hardeck, X. Hungary ; 14 NE. Rosenburg.
Hardeck, or Hardegg, X. Austria; 7 W. Znaym,
40 NNW. Vienna. Lon. 15. 42. E. Lat. 48. 43.
N. H. 60.
Hordegsen, X. Han., in Gottingen, with manu
factures of leather; 10 NW. Gottingen. Pop.
1,136. Hardehausen, X. Pru. Minden ; 5 NW. War
burg. HardeUieim,X. Bav. ; 4 ESE. Kirch-Lamitz.
Harden, see Hawarden.
Harden, co. Ken. on the Ohio ; W. 662. Pop.
in 1810, 7,581 ; slaves 940. Pop. in 1820, 10,-498.
Chief town, Elizabethtown.
Hardenberg, X. Pru. Dusseldorf; 13 ENE. Dus
seldorf. Lon. 6. 5Q. E. Lat. 51. 19. N.
Hardenberg, or Hardenburg, X. Neth., Overis
sel, situated on the Vecht; first surrounded
with walls in the year 1355 ; 10 SW. Covor-
den. Lon. 6. 17. E. Lat. 52. 37. N. Pop. 2,650.
Hardenburg, p-t. fa cap. Brackenridge co.
Ken., about 60 SW. Louisville ; W. 678.
Hardensville, p-v. Green co. Alabama ; 125
Cahawba, W. 863.
Harderwyck, or Hardewick, s-p. Neth., in
Guelderland, on foe Zuyder Zee ; 19 W. De-
venter, 25 NE. Utrecht. Lon. 5. 31. E, Lat. 52.
24. N. Pop. 3,731. It has 5 gates, 3 towards
the land, and 2 towards the sea. The church of
St. Martin is much admired for its tower and
architecture. A university was founded here in
1648, but in 1808 it was converted into an
athenaeum or academy, and has 8 professors.
Hardheim, X. Baden, on the Erf; 10 SSE.
Miltenberg. Pop. 1,726.
Hardin (New,) co. Ohio, attached to Logan
co-IPop. 22. ,
Hardin, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 1,462.
Hardin, p-t. Shelby co. Ohio ; 93 Columbus,
W. 507.
Hardinghen, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 9
NE. Boulogne.
Hardingstone, v. Eng. ; 3 S. Northampton.
Hardisleben, X. Ger., Weimar, on the Lossa ;
2 N. Buttstadt. Pop, 550.
Hardiston, X. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 2,160.
Hardmark, X. Norway, in Christiansand ; 1 1
SSW. Christiansand.
Hardoi, X. Hind., Oude ; 28 SSW. Lucknow.
Hardt, X. Pru. Cleves, near Crevelt Pop.
1,252. Hardoye, t. Flanders , 3 NNE. Rousselaer.
Hardwiek, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 14 NW.
Danville, 24 NNE. Montpelier, W. 551. Pop.
867. Hardwiek, p-t. Worcester co . Mass. ; 22 W N W.
Worcester, 70 W. Boston, W. 413. Pop. 1,836.
Hardwiek, p-t Sussex co. N.J. ; 11 SW.New-
ton, W. 232. Pop. ofthe township, 3,360.
Hardwiek, s-p. Bryan co. Georgia, near the
mouth of the Ogeechee ; 25 SW. Savannah.
Hardwick's Island, isl. in Johnstone's strait,
on west coast of N. America; about 12 miles
long from E. to W., and 2 broad. Lon. 134. 15.
E. Lat. 50. 36. N.
Hardy, co. N. part of Va. ; bounded NE. by
Hampshire co., E. by Shenandoah co., SW. by
Pendleton and Randolph cos., and NW. by
Maryland. Pop. in 1810, 5,525; slaves 740.
Pop. in 1820, 5,700. Chief town, Moorfields.

Hardy, X. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 512.
Hare, isl. in the North sea, near the coast ot
Norway, 20 miles in circumference. Lon. 6. 33.
E. Lat. 62. 20. N.
Hare Bay, bay on E. coast of Newfoundland
Lon. 55. 40. W. Lat. 51. 20. N.
Hare Indians, Indians, N. America. Lon. be
tween 125. and 130. W. Lat. 66. 50. N.
Hare Island, small island near the coast of
Norway. Lat. 62.24. N.
Haren, r. Ger., which joins the Hunte, at
Oldenburg. Harench, see Arech.
Harene, t. Sweden, in West Gothland; 36
NE. Gottenburg.
Harfan, X, Hungary ; 4 SE. Siclos.
Harfleur, X. France, in Lower Seine ; 2 S.
Montivillers, 4 E. Havre. Lon. 0. 11. E. Lat.
49. 30. N. Pop. 1,790. The prosperity of Havre
de Gracfe ruined this port ; foe harbour is filled
up, and only fit for boats. It is situated on the
side of a hill, on a small river, near the Seine.
Harford, X. Susquehanna co. Pa. Pop. 642.
Harford, co. Md. ; bounded N. by Pennsyl
vania, E. by the Susquehanna, SE. by Chesa
peake bay, and W. by Baltimore co. Pop. in
1810,21,258; slaves 4,431. Pop. in 1820, 15,924.
Chief town, Bel-Air.
Harford, or Bushtown, p-t. Harford co. Md.,
on Bush river; 8 SE. Bel- Air, 25 NE. Baltimore,
77 SW. Philadelphia, W. 62. Lon. 76. 17. W.
Lat. 39. 28. N. In the vicinity is a bed of ex
cellent yellow ochre.
Harg, s-p. Sweden, Upland, ; 30 NE. Upsal.
Hargenow, X. Ger., Mecklenburg Schwerin ;
10 SW. Schwerin.
Harger's Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Scioto, at Circleville.
Hargia, t. Arabia, Hadramaut, on the coast ;
60 ENE. Aden.
Hargur, X. Hind., Benares ; 10 E. Bidzigur.
Harria, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 14 SE. Achmim.
Harria, X. isl. Lancelotta ; 5 ESE. Cayes.
Harjavalda, t. Finland ; 15 SSE. Biorneborg..
Harjedalen, or Harjeadalen, pr. Sweden, in
the division called Nordland, bounded N. by
Jamptland, E'. by Helsingland, SW. by Dale
carlia, and NW. by Norway. It is about 100
miles in length, and from 40 to 50 in breadth.
It abounds in mines and woods.
Hariharra, or Harryhur, t. fa fortress, Hind.,
in Boujapour, on the Toombuddra. Lon. 75.
48. E. Lat. 14. 24. N. In the fort there is a
celebrated Hindoo temple of Vishnu, and 100
of the houses are occupied by Bramins belong
ing to it.
Haring, X. Tyrol, Brixen ; 6 SSW. Brixen.
Harir, t. Nubia, on the right bank of the Nile ;
25 E. Dongola. Lon. 32. 34. E. Lat. 19. 20. N.
Harir, X. Curdistan ; 9 E. Erbil.
Harju, X. Finland ; 54 E. Biorneborg.
Harko, small isl. Sweden, in N. part of the
: gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 24, 49. E. Lat. 65. 27. N.
Harlamil, islet, near SE. coast of North Uist.
Lon. 7. 20. W. Lat. 57. 4. N.
Harlach, X. Bav. ; 8 ENE. Schwabach.
Harlan, co. Kentucky. Pop. 1,961.
Hark, r, Silesia, in Wolau, wbich runs into
the river Bartsch, 1 E. Hernstadt.

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Harle, r East Friesland, which rises 3 SSW.
Wittmund, and runs into the sea, 8 N, of that
town. Harkbeck, X. Neth., West Flanders, on foe
Lys ; 4 NE. Courtray. Pop. 3,089.
Harlech, or Harleich, X. Wales, in Merioneth,
with a weekly market on Saturday ; remark
able only for a castle, which is seated on a lofty
rock, above an extensive marsh, near the Irish
sea ; 24 S. Caernarvon, 223 NW. London.
Lon. 4. 14. W. Lat. 52. 48. N. Pop. 500.
Harleesville, p-v. Marion co. S. C. ; W. 439.
Harlein, t. Bav. ; 4 W. Gerolzhofen.
Harlem, p-t. Kennebec co, Maine ; 16 NE.
Augusta, 186 NNE. Boston, W. 623. Pop. 860.
Harlem, p-v. New York co. N. Y. ; 8 N. New
York, W. 232. Lon. 73. 57. W. Lat. 40. 48. N.
Harlem Creek, or East River, N. Y., forms the
eastern boundary of New York isl. and co.
Harlem, X. in SE. part of Delaware co. Ohio,
watered by Walnut Creek. Pop. 213.
Harlem, see Haerlem. \
Harkv, see Hirlau.
Harkslon, X. Eng., in Norfolk, with a weekly
market on Wednesday ; 17 S. Norwich, 100
NNE. London. Lon. 1. 17. E. Lat. 52. 28. N.
Pop. 1,516.
Harlia, X. Hind., in Golconda ; 40 ESE. Hy
drabad. Harling, (East,) X. Eng., in Norfolk, with a
market on Tuesday ; 21 SW. Norwich, 90 NNE.
London. Lon. 0.55. El Lat. 52.26. N. Pop. 674.
Harlingen, s-p. Neth., in Friesland, on the
Zuyder Zee; 14 W. Lewarden. Lon. 5. 25. E.
Lat. 53. 11. N. Pop. 7,263. This place is very
well fortified, and naturally strong ; foe adja
cent country being very easily laid under wa
ter. The city is square, the streets handsome,
straight, and clean, with canals in the middle
of them. It is adorned with 6 gates, 4 towards
the land, and 1 towards the sea. This city has
a grammar school and 2 hospitals. The adja
cent countiy yields an abundance of corn, pas
ture, and other necessaries of life.
Harlinsburg, p-t. Mercer co. Pa. ; W. 254.
Harliunga, t. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 41
NE. Gottenburg.
Harlof r. Ger., which rises about 4 E. Lau-
bacb, and runs into the Nidda, near Staden.
Harlow, X. Eng., in Essex; 24 E. London.
Pop. 1,695.
Harma, X. Finland, East Bothnia ; 38 ENE.
Wasa. Harmanger, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 12
N. Hudwickswall. ,
Harmanstorf X. Stiria ; 2 SE. Gratz.
Harmon's Run, r. Virginia, which runs into
the Ohio, Lon. 80. 40. W. Lat. 40. 22. N.
Harmin, X. Arabia, in Hadramaut, on the
coast ; 130 NNE. Hasec
Harmony, p-t. Somerset co. Maine ; 25 NE.
Norridgewock, W. 666. Pop. 584.
Harmony, X. Chatauque co. N. Y., on S. side
of Chatauque Pop. 845.
Harmony, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. ; W. 203.
Harmony, p-v. Butler co. Pa. ; 16 Butler, 29
Pittsburg, W. 248. Pop. 217.
Harmony, v. Luzerne co. Pa., on the Susque
hanna ; 18 NW. Stockport. Pop. 89.
Harmony, X. Clark ce. Ohio. Pop. 1,4)2-
Vol. I. 91

Harmony, X. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. KKfc
Harmony, p-t. Posey co. Indiana ; on E.sidb
of the Wabash, 20 or 30 m. above its entrance
into the Ohio ; about 28 SW. Princeton, 49
SSW. Vincennes, W. 728. This settlement is
composed of a frugal, industrious, and inoffen
sive people, called Harmonists, who came into
Philadelphia in 1803, and first made a settle
ment in the western part of Pennsylvania.
They hold their property in common.
Harmony, p-t. York co. S. C. ; W. 458.
Harmonsville, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C. ; 232
Raleigh, W. 488.
Harmozio, now Gambron.
Hamad, X. Hungary ; 12 ENE. Erlau.
Hamad, r. Hungary, which runs into the
Theysse, 10 SW. Tokay.
Hamad Nemeti, X. Hungary ; 16 W. Tokay.
Hamas, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 12. E. Lat. 60. 40. N.
Harnit, or Arme, small isl. in the English
channel, about 2 iniles from the island of Guern
sey, and one from Sark.
Hon, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the Ebro,
surrounded with walls ; 7 N. Calzada, 32 NE.
Burgos. Pop. 3,500. It is situated in a fertile
country, and contains 3 parishes, and a con
vent. Haroe, small island in the North sea, near
the coast of Norway. Lat. 62. 52. N.
Haroerfrest, small island in foe North sea,
near the coast of Norway. Lat. 70. 30. N.
Harold, X. Eng., in Bedfordshire ; 7 W. Bed
ford. Pop. 763.
Haromszek, pr. Transylvania, bordering on
Eu. Turkey, from which it is separated by a
part of the Carpathian mountains. Sq. m. 800.
Pop. 4,081 families.
Haron-adab, X. Persia, in Irak ; 30 W. Kir-
man shah.
Haronia, X. Arabia Irak ; 45 N. Bagdad.
Haroui, t. France, in Meurte ; 3 E. Vezelize,
13 SW. Luneville. Pop. 550.
Haroue, fortress, Natolia ; 20 NW. Sebaste.
Harowly, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 24 NW. Coel.
Harp Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, so
named from its figure. Lon. 140. W. Lat. 18. S.
It is inhabited.
Harparren, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ;
7 E. Ustaritz, 9 SE. Bayonne.
Harper's Ferry, p-v. Jefferson co. Va., at the
junction ofthe Shenandoah with the Potomac;
8 ENE. Charlestown, 30 NE. Winchester, 65
WNW. Washington. The celebrated passage of
the Potomac, at this place, is an object truly
grand and magnificent. The eye takes in at a
glance, on the north side of the Potomac and
Shenandoah at their junction, an impetuous tor
rent foaming and dashing over numerous rocks,
which have tumbled from precipices that over
hung them, the picturesque tops and sides of the
mountains, the gentle and winding current of
the river below the ridge, presenting altogether
a landscape capable of awakening the most de
lightful and sublime emotions. " This scene,''
says Mr. Jefferson, " is worth a voyage across
the Atlantic." — There is at this place, belong
ing to the United States, a very extensive estab-
ishment for the manufacture of arms. It was
founded in 1798, and now employs about 260

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workmen. There are 8 large brick buildings,
6 on the Potomac, and 2 on the Shenandoah, 2
miles distant, occupied by foe works; also 2
large brick buildings occupied as an arsenal.
Harpersfield, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. ; 20 NE.
Delhi, W. 370. Pop, 1,884.
Harpersfield, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio; W. 380.
Pop. 763.
Harpersfield, (South,) p-v. Delaware co. N.
Y. ; W. 412.
Harpersville, p-v. in Colesville, Broome co.
N. Y. ; 121 WSW. Albany, W.304.
Harpeth, p-t. Williamson co. Ten. ; 42 Mur-
freesborough, W. 775.
Harpeth, r. Ten., which runs into the Cum
berland river, 18 SE. Clarkesville.
Harponelly, X. Hind., capital of a circar of the
same name, in Mysore ; 65 NNE. Bednore,
152 NNW. Seringapatam. Lon. 75. 28. E. Lat.
14. 40. N.
Harponelly, circar, Hind., in Mysore, bound
ed N. by Sanore, E. by Chitteldroog, S. by Bed
nore, and W. by Canara; about 120 miles in
length, and 60 in breadth. Harponelly is the
capital. After the death of Tippoo, it was sur
rendered lo the Mahrattas.
Harpstedt, t.Han., in Hoya ; 22 WNW. Hoya.
Fop. 822.
Harpswell, X. Cumberland co. Maine ; 36 E.
Portland, 150 NNE. Boston. Pop. 1,253.
Harptree, v. Eng., in Somerset ; 6 N. Wells.
It is noted for mines of lapis calaminaris in the
neighbourhood. Harra, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 105 WNW.
Zareng. Hanad, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 24 S. Abu-
Arisch. Harran, see Heren.
Harrass, X. Austria ; 4 S. Laab.
Harrat, r. Asia, which rises from a lake near
Belur, in Great Bukharia, and being joined by
several smaller streams, passes by Badakshan,
fac. to Termed, where it takes the name of Ji-
hon, or Amu.
Harricam Creek, r. S. C. which runs into the
Great Pedee, 3^ m. below Flat Creek.
Harricanaw, r. L. Canada, which runs NW.
into Hannah bay at S. end of James bay. Lon.
79. 50. W. Lat. 51. 10. N.
Harrichunder, X. Hind., Baglana ; 21 WNW.
Junere. Harriergunge, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 23 NE.
Saseram. Lon. 84. 31. E. Lat. 25. 5. N.
Harrington, p-t. fa s-p. Washington co. Maine,
at the mouth ofthe Narraguagus; 27 W. Ma
chias, W. 666. Pop. 723.
Harrington, X. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,296.
Harrington, small s-p. Eng., in Cumberland ;
2£ S. Workington. Pop. 1,629.
Harriorpour, X. Hind., and capital of the cir
car of Mohurbunge, in Orissa ; 91 NNE. Cat
tack, 105 WSW. Calcutta. Lon. 86. 13. E. Lat.
31. 53. N.
Harriorpour, t. Hind., in Oude ; 126 W. Fy
zabad. Harriorpour, X. Mocaumpour ; 15 S. Mo
caumpour. Harris, peninsula, Scotland, joined to what
is called the island of Lewis, by a narrow isth
mus. The countiy Is wild, and in general un

cultivated. Lon. 6. 54. W. Lat. 57. 57. N. Pop.
3,569. Harrisburg, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. ; 65N. Rome,
W. 448. Pop. 520.
Harrisburg, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa., the seat of
the state government, on NE. bank ofthe Sus
quehanna; 16 E. Carlisle, 36 WNW. Lancaster,
98 W. Philadelphia, W. 110. Lon. 76. 50. W.
Lat. 40. 16. N. Pop. 2,990. It contains a large
and elegant state house, a court house, a jail, 2
market houses, a bank, and 3 houses of public
worship, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Presbyterians,
and 1 for German Presbyterians. It is very
pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, a great
part of the houses are handsomely built of
brick, and the town makes a very fine appear
ance. Here is a very elegant covered bridge
across the Susquehanna.
Harrisburg, p-v. Lancaster co. S. C. ; W. 422.
Harrison, X. Cumberland co. Maine ; 41 NW.
Portland. Pop. 789.
Harrison, X. West Chester co. N. Y. ; 30 NE.
New York. Pop. 994.
Harrison, p-t. Courtland co. N. Y., about 18
SSE. Homer, 140 W. Albany, W. 399. P. 807.
Harrison, co. NW. part of Va. ; bounded NE.
by Monongalia co., SE. by Randolph co., SW.
by Kenhawa co., and NW. by Wood and Ohio
cos. Pop. in 1810, 9,558 ; slaves 459. Pop. in
1820, 10,932. Chief town, Clarksburg.
Harrison, co. Ohio. Pop. 14,345. Chief town,
Cadiz. Harrison, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio ; 133 SW.
Columbus, W. 528.
Harrison, t Knox co. Ohio ; 15 SE. Mount
Vernon. Harrison, X. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 332.
Harrison, X. Darke co. Ohio. Pop. 607.
Harrison, X. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 472.
Harrison, X. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 222.
Harrison, X. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 357.
Harrison, t Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 518.
Harrison, X. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 534.
Harrison, X. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 815.
Harrison, X. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 518.
Harrison, co. N. part of Ken. Pop. in 1810,
7,552; slaves 1,105. Pop. in 1820, 12,278.
Chief town, Cynthiana.
Harrison, co. Indiana. Pop. 7,875. Chief
town, Corydon.
Harrisonburgh, p-t. fa cap. Rockingham co.
Va. ; 30 NNE. Staunton, 75 SSW. Winchester,
144 WSW. Richmond, W. 140. Pop. about
1,000. It is a pleasant and well built town, and
contains a court house, a jail, and an Episcopal
church ; all built of slate stone, which is very
common in this part of Virginia, and a Metho
dist meeting house of wood.
Harrisonville, p-t. fa cap. Monroe co. Illinois,
on the Mississippi, opposite to Herculaneum ;
40 NNW. Kaskaskia, W. 906. H. 20.
Harrisonville, p-v. Butler co. Pa. ; W. 265.
Harrisville, p-t. Harrison co. Ohio ; W. 330.
Harrisville, X. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 231.
Harrisville, p-t. Brunswick co. Va., on the
Nottaway ; 32 S. Petersburg, W. 180. Lon. 77.
50. W. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Harrodsburg, p-t Mercer co. Ken. ; 10 N.
Danville, 30 SW. Lexington, W. 595. Pop. in
1810, 313. It contains a bank, an academy, a

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Presbyterian and a Methodist meeting house.
Here is a mineral spring, much resorted to.
Harrowgate, Philadelphia co. Pa. ; 4 N. Phil
adelphia. Here are gardens and a mineral
spring ; and it is a place of resort for bathing,
and drinking the waters.
Harrow on the Hill, v. Eng., in Middlesex,
formerly a market town ; 10 NW. London. It
is situated on the highest hill in the county, and
affords a fine view of London. Here is a school
in very high repute, founded in' foe reign of
Queen Elizabeth "by John Lyon of Preston, a
neighbouring hamlet. The statutes were drawn
up by the founder, and archery was enjoined
among foe amusements ; and it was formerly
the custom to have a public exhibition annual
ly on foe first ofttugust ; when the best marks
man was rewarded with a silver arrow. The
number of students is generally about 150.
Harrowgate, v. Eng., in Yorkshire, ; 3 W.
Knaresborough, 208 N. London. Pop. 1,683.
It is celebrated for its medicinal springs, which
are of two kinds, one chalybeate, foe other the
strongest sulphurous waters in England." It is
one of foe principal watering places in the
north of England, and has 9 large inns, a thea
tre, library, fac.
Harry Island, isl. of foe Atlantic, near the
With of the Santee river, on the coast of S.
C. Lon. 79. 12. W. Lat. 33. 10. N.
Harsbo, t. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 35 NE.
Westerahs. Harsdorf t. Bav. ; 15 NNE. Bamberg.
Harsefeld, X. Han., in Bremen, on the Luke ;
10 W. Buxtehude. Pop. 833.
Harsewinkel, X. Pru. Munster. Pop. 900.
Harshgoone, bay on the coast of Algiers, be
tween Cape Figalo and Cape Hone.
Harskirch, t. France, in Lower Rhine ; 30 S.
by W. Deux Ponts, 48 WSW. Landau.
Harsla, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 5 W-
Uddevalla. Harsleben, X. Pru. Magdeburg, on the Bode ;
3 Halberstadt H. 320.
Harso, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast
of Sweden. Lon. 17. 16. E. Lat. 58. 44. N.
Harsusi, X. Hind. ; 28 S. Delhi.
Hart, co. Kentucky. Pop. 4,184.
Hart's Location, Coos co. N. H. Pop. 65.
Hartberg, X. Stiria, on the Lungwitz ; 34 NE.
Gratz. Pop. 1,333.
Hartensdorf X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 ESE.
Zwickau. Hartenstain, I. Austria ; 12 W. Crems.
Hartenstein, t. Saxony, in Schonburg, capital
of a district; 6 SE. Zwickau, 18 E. Greitz.
Pop. 1,100. — Native, Paul Flemming.
Harlfield, mt Scot, on the confines of Dum
fries-shire and Peebles-shire, noted for a min
eral spring. It is 2,916 feet above the level of
the sea.
Hartford, see Hertford.
Hartford, p-t. Windsor co. Vt, on the Con
necticut ; 16 N. Windsor, W. 476. Pop. 2,010.
Hartford, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 12 NE.
Paris, 170 NNE. Boston, W. 618. Pop. 1,133.
Hartford, co. N. part of Ct. Pop. in 1810,
44,733 ; in 1820, 47,264.
Hartford, city, Hartford co, Ct., the semi-
capital of the state, on W. bank of Connecti

cut river, 50 miles above its mouth, 15 N. Mid
dietown, 34 NNE. New Haven, 42 NW. New
London, 70 W. Providence, 78 ESE. Hudson,
94 SE. Albany, 100 WSW. Boston, W. 338.
Lon. 72. 50. W. Lat. 41. 46. N. Pop. of the
township in 1800, 5,347 ; in 1810, 6,003; in
1820, 6,901 ; of the city in 1810, 3,955 ; in 1820,
4,726. It has a pleasant and advantageous sit
uation at the head of sloop navigation, and is
surrounded by a fertile and beautiful country;
and it is very extensively connected with large
towns in various directions, by means of good
roads. It contains a handsome state house of
stone and brick, 2 market houses, 2 banks, an
arsenal, an academy, 2 insurance offices, a
library of 2,600 volumes, a museum, an asylum
for the deaf and dumb, and 6 houses of public
worship, 4"of them within the city, viz. 2 for
Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1
for Baptists. The principal street is about Ik
m. long, extending through the city parallel
with the river. This and other streets in a simi
lar direction, are intersected by streets extend
ing back from the river, but not uniformly at
right angles. The city is generally well built,
particularly the main street, on which many of
the houses are elegant brick edifices. The new
Congregational meeting house is one of the
most elegant structures in the state. An ele
gant bridge with 6 arches, 974 feet long, is
erected over foe Connecticut, connecting the
city with East Hartford.
Hartford has a flourishing commerce. The
shipping owned here, in 1818, amounted to
9,377 tons. It has an extensive inland trade,
and a variety of manufactures ; as leather,
shoes, coaches, cotton and woollen goods, sad
dlery, brass work, fac It has 10 printing offices,
from 4 of which newspapers are issued ; 7 book
stores, and 22 practising lawyers. The general
assembly has one session annually, and meets
alternately at Hartford and New Haven. — The
Indian name of Hartford was Suckiang. It was
first settled by the English in 1635.— The Asy
lum for educating the deaf and dumb was open
ed here in 1817; and is the first institution of
the kind in America. The instructers consist
of a principal and 4 assistants ; the number of
pupils about 50. Candidates for admission must
not be under 9, nor over 30 years of age. The
whole annual charge to each is #200. The suc
cess of this interesting and benevolent institu
tion, and the improvement of the pupils have
been highly gratifying. It has received a do
nation from the congress of the U. States of
upwards of 23,000 acres of land. The building
of the asylum is a handsome brick edifice, de
lightfully situated on an elevation £ mile west
ofthe city.
Hartford, (East,) p-t. Hartford co. Ct, on E.
side ofthe Connecticut, opposite to Hartford,
with which it is connected by an elegant bridge ;
W. 339. Pop. 3,373. The small river Hockanum,
which flows through this town, into the Con
necticut, affords many fine mill seats. Here are
7 paper mills, 6 or 8 powder mills, 1 woollen
and 2 cotton manufactories, 2 glass works, a
number of grist mills and saw mills, tanneries,
hat manufactories, fac There are two Con
gregational parishes ; also a meeting house for

HAR

724

HAR

Methodists and 1 for Baptists. The principal
street is about J m. from the river, and is thick
ly settled from East Windsor„to Glastenbury ;
having a row of stately elms in the centre, ex
tending 2 miles. On the river is an extensive
range of fine meadows.
Hartford, (New,) p-t. Litchfied co. Ct. ; 14
NE. Litchfield, 20 NW. Hartford, W. 349. Pop.
1,685. Hartford, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. ; 54
NNE. Albany, W. 415. Pop. 2,493.
Hartford, (New,) p-v. in Whitestown, N. Y. ;
96 WNW. Albany, W. 388. It is a flourishing
village, and contained, in 1813, 65 dwelling
houses, and several mills and manufactories.
Hartford, p-t. Susquehanna co. Pa. ; W. 269.
Hartford, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; 231 NE.
Columbus, W. 330. Pop. 625.
Hartford, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana; 115 In-
dianopolis, W. 539.
Hartford, p-t. fa cap. Ohio co. Ken., on Rough
Creek; 110 SW. Louisville, W. 715. Pop. in
1810, 110.
Hartford, p-t. fa cap. Pulaski co. Georgia, at
the head of navigation on the Oakmulgee ; 65 S.
Milledgeville, W. 725. Pop. in 1810, 150.
Hartha, X: Saxony, in Leipsic ; 22 SE. Leip
sic, 30 W. Dresden. Lon. 12. 50. E. Lat. 51. 6.
N. Pop. 1,230,
Harlham, X. Austria ; 4 E. Efferding.
Harthau, X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 3 W. Bis-
choffswerda. Hurting, X. Eng., Norfolk, market on Tuesday;
21 SW. Norfolk, 88 NNE. London. Pop. 947.
Hartheim, X. Baden ; 12 S. Wertheim, 28 SW.
Wurzburg. Hartland, p-t. Somerset co. Maine ; 128
Portland, W. 682. Pop. 411.
Hartland, p-t. Windsor co. Vt, on the Con
necticut; 6 N. Windsor, W. 469. Pop. 2,553.
Hartland, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. ; 22 NW.
Hartford, W. 368. Pop. 1,254.
Hartland, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y., about 30 N.
by E. Buffalo, W. 421. Fop. 1,448.
Hartland, fishing town, Eng., in Devon, in
foe Bristol channel, near the borders of Corn
wall, with a weekly market on Saturday ; 14
W. Biddeford, 213 W. London. Pop. 1,734.
Hartland Point, cape, Eng., on NW. coast of
foe county of Devon, in the Bristol channel.
Lon. 4. 30. W. Lat. 51. 1. N.
Hartlebury, v. Eng., in Worcestershire, where
the bishop has a palace ; 10 N. Worcester.
Hartlepool, s-p. Eng., on E. coast, in Dur
ham, with a harbour for small vessels ; a mem
ber of foe port of Newcastle ; 10 N. Stockton,
254 N. London. Lon. 1. 16. W. Lat. 54. 48. N.
Pop. 1,047. Of late years it has been much
frequented by company, for the purpose of sea
bathing.; and by some invalids on account of a
miueral spring.
Harilelon, p-t. Union co. Pa. ; W. 123. Pop.
1,239. Hartley's Town, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 75.
Hartley, r. Eng., in Northumberland, which
runs into the Tyne, 3 S. Haltwezel.
Hartley, s-p. Eng., on E. coast of Northum
berland, with a good and convenient harbour,
in which vessels may lie secure ; 12 NE. New
castle-upon-Tyne, 283 N. London, Lon. 1. 3.
W. Lat. 55. 6. N. Pop. 1.872.

Hartmaniiz, t. Bohemia, in Prachim ; 4 S-
Schuttenhofen. Hartmanshof X. Bav. ; 6 E. Hersbruck.
Hartstanc Broad Law, mt. Scotland, in Pee-
bleshire, on the borders of the country of Dum
fries ; about 2,850 feet in height.
Hartsville, p-v. Sumner co. Ten. ; W. 700.
Hartsville, p-v. Bucks co. Pa. ; W. 164.
Hartwell, v. Eng., in Buckinghamshire ; 2
SW. Aylesbury, 40 WSW. London. Here Louis
XVIII. resided during his exile from France. ,
Hartwick, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 4 S W. Coop-
erstown, 71 W. Albany, W. 378. Pop. 2,579.
Harty, small isl. at SE. extremity of the island
of Sbepey, from which it is separated by a nar
row channel, and from the main land of foe
county of Kent, by the Swalen It is a parish,
and contains a church.
Hartz, or Harz, (an. Sylva Hercynia,) moun
tain tract, Ger., lying chiefly in the south of
Hanover, province of Gottingen, extending from
Goslar to Harzgerode, in Anhalt, about 50 miles
long, and 20 broad. Sq. m 763. Pop. about
50,000". It is covered with great forests, which
furnish large supplies of fuel, and has also ex
tensive and valuable mines of silver, iron, cop
per, and lead ; also mines of zinc and sulphur,
with green, blue, and white vitriol. A tenth of
the produce of the mines belongs to govern
ment. The annual tenth of the iron mine;
which is the most productive, is about £ 115,000
sterling. The inhabitants are employed partly
in agriculture, but chiefly as miners or wood
men. The Hartz affords sublime and picturesque
scenery, and abounds in natural curiosities,
among which are several interesting caverns.
Heinrichshohe and Brocksberg, orBrocken,are
the highest summits in the range ; the former
stated at 3,926, the latter at 3,690, or 3,455 feet
above the sea.
Hartzgerode, X. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg, near
theHartzmountain; 24SW.Bernburg,44WSW.
Dessau. Lon. 11.20. E. Lat.51.40.N. P.2,800.
It is 1,400 feet above the sea. The houses and
walls are built of a motley kind of marble ; it
has a mine office, and castle.
Hartzigroda, X. Pru. Merseburg; 2 W. Het-
stadt. Harva, X. Sweden, in West Gothland; 15 E.
Gottenburg. Harvard, p-t Worcester co. Mass.; 20 ENE.
Worcester, 35 WNW. Boston, W. 443. Pop.
1,597. Here is a valuable quarry of slate. In
this town there is a village of Shakers.
Harvard College, see Cambridge.
Harun, X. Persia, Segestan ; 15 SW. Zareng.
Harvey's Island, island in the S. Pacific ocean,
composed of 3 or 4 small islands, united togeth
er by rocks, covered bythe sea; the whole about
20 miles in circumference. Lon. 158. 48. W.
Lat 19. 17. S.
Harvey's Point, cape on the coast Of N. Caro
lina, in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76. 34. W. Lat.
36. 6. N.
Harutsch, mountainous district of Africa, in
the road from Augela to Temissa, and divided
into two, known by the names of Black and
White Harutsch.
Harwich, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass., on Barn-

HAS

725

HAS

stable bay ; 15 E. Barnstable, 79 SE. Boston, I
W. 503. Pop. 1,980.
Harwich, s-p. Eng., in Essex, at foe mouths of
the Stour andOrwell, where they unite and form
a large bay soon after falling into the German
ocean ; 72 NE. London. Lon. 1. 7. E. Lat. 51.
56. N. Pop. 3,732. It is celebrated for its post
office packets, which carry on a great inter
course with Holland and the continent, sailing
and returning twice a week, and thus drawing
a double influx of strangers into the town, from
home, and from abroad. Upwards of 3,000 tons
of shipping are employed in the North sea fish
ery. The harbour, independent of the bay, is
safe and convenient. Here is a very good dock
yard for building ships ; and great conveniences
are erected here for sea-bathing, both hot and
cold. It sends 2 members to parliament. Here
are 2 markets weekly, on Tuesday and Friday;
and in time of peace packets sail regularly, if
wind and weather do not prevent, every Wed
nesday and Saturday, with the mail to Hel-
voetsluys, a passage of about 90 miles.
Harwinlon, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct; 8 E. Litch
field, 23 W. Hartford, W. 335. Pop. 1,500.
Harwood, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 6 N. Man
chester. Pop. 1,281.
Harwood, (Great,) X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 4
N. Blackburn. Pop. 1,659.
Harwood's Island, small island in the gulf of
Georgia, about 3 miles from point Marshal, on
N. coast ofthe island of Flavida. Between the
island and Cape Marshal are some rocky isl
ands and sunken rocks. Lon. 235. 46. E. Lat.
49. 50. N.
Harz, see Hartz.
Has, X. Arabia Felix, in Yemen, capital of a
district, and residence of a Dola ; 40 N. Mocha.
Lon. 43. 25. E. Lat. 14. 58. N.
Hasah, X. Candahar, in Gaur, near the Belese
river ; 25 SW. Gaur, 80 NW. Candahar.
Hasaklu, X. Natolia ; 5 NW. Beisheri.
Hasani, small isl. in the Red sea, near the
coast of Arabia. Lat. 24. 54. N.
Hasankala, X. Turkish Armenia; 15 SE. Er
zerum. Hasau, t. Courland; 6 W. Piltyn.
Hasax, X. Courland, at the mouth of a river
which runs into the Baltic, 8 SSW. Windaw, 20
NW. Goldingen.
Hasbain, or Hasbin, ancient county, Ger., in
Westphalia, united in the year 1040 to the bish
opric of Liege. Viset and St. Tron were the
principal towns.
Hasberg, or Haasberg, citadel, Carniola ; 3
NNW.Cirknitz. HasBel, t Egypt, on E. side of the Nile, op
posite to Rosetta.
Hasbo, X. Bengal ; 45 NW. Ramgur.
Hascar, or Hashgar Hotun, X. Chinese Tarta
ry; 1,310 W. Peking. Lon. 81. 46. E. Lat.39
34. N.
Hascara, t. Morocco ; 85 N. Morocco.
Hascusie, one of the smaller Shetland islands
of Scotland, between Fitlar and Yell. Lon. 1
13. W. Lat. 60. 56. N.
Hose, r. Ger., which rises near Brinke, in Os
nabruck ; passes by Osnabruck, Bramche, Qua-
kenburg, Hasselin, fac. and runs into the Ems,
at Meppen.

Hasek, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 40 SE. Kabis.
Hasek, or Hassek, X. Arabia, in Hadramaut ;
264 NE. Fartach, 684 ENE. Mocha.
Hasel, r. Ger., which runs into the Werra, 2
SE. Meinungen, in Henneberg.
ffoset, one of the smaller Hebrides, near S.
coast of Egg. Lon. 6. 3. W. Lat. 56. 61. N.
Haselberg, X. Prussia; 24 S. Brandenburg.
Haseldorp, X. Holstein ; 9 Wi Pinnenberg.
Haseloch, X. Bav. circle of the! Rhine ; 8 NNE.
Landau, 12 SW. Manheim.
Haseloch, X. Baden ; 2 WSW. Wertheim.
Haseloe, small isl. of Denmark, in the Catte
gat ; 12 miles from the island of Zealand. Lon
11.45. E. Lat. 56. 11. N.
Haselunen, or Haseline, X. Han., district of
Meppen ; 7 E. Meppen. Pop. 1,555.
Hasen, t. Prussia ; 20 ESE. Angerburg.
Hasendorff, X. Austria; 8 WSW. Tnlln.
Baser, X. Egypt; 13 SE. Tineh.
flas/urtjt.Bav.; 12 E. Schweinfurt, 16WNW.
Ratisbon. Hasjo, X. Sweden, in Medelpadia ; 13 SW.
Hernosand. Haslach, X. France, in Lower Rhine ; 18 W.
Strasburg. Pop. 1,450.
Haslach, X. Austria ; 6 SE. Aigen.
Haslach, X. Baden, on the Kinzig; 10 SSE.
Freudenstadt, 18 NNE. Friburg. Pop. 1,290.
Haslau, see Hassel.
Haslabch, X. Bav. ; 6 NE. Schweinfurt.
Hasled, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 69 NE.
Uddevalla. Haslemere, X. Eng., in Surry, market on Tues
day; 19 N. Chichester, 42 SSW. London. Lon.
0. 38. W. Lat. 51.1. N. Pop. 756. It is said
formerly to have had 7 parish churches ; but it
is now very much reduced ; it sends two mem
bers to parliament.
Hasli, district, Switz., in Berne, situated in a
charming valley, SE. the lake of Brientz, and
watered by the. Aar, and several smaller streams.
The principal riches consist in the saleof cheese,
of which they send great quantities to Italy. '
Meyringen is the chief town.
Haslingden, t. Eng., in Lancashire, with a
weekly market on Wednesday; 7 ESE. Black
burn, 190 NNW. London. Lon. 2. 16. W. Lat.
53. 41. N. Pop. 5,127.
Hasparan, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; 7
SE. Bayonne. i Pop. 4,641.
Haspres, X. France, in North ; 8 SSW. Valen
ciennes. Pop. 1,944.
Hassa, X. Nubia ; 10 N. Goos.
Hassa, (El,) see Lachsa.
Hassada, X. Bengal ; 20 E. Kishenagur.
Hassan, X. Africa, on the coast of Tripoli. Lon.
16. 18.E. Lat.31.N.
Hassan, X. Persia, Irak ; 80 NNE. Hamadan.
Hassan Cala, (an. Theodosiopolis,) fortress, A.
Turkey, in Erzerum, between mountains, -which
are covered with snow 8 months of the year ;
70 ENE. Erzerum.
Hassan Pacha Palanka;x.Ea. Turkey, in Ser
via ; 60 NNE. Novibasar.
Hassan Chillibec, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 32
E. Sivas.
Hasseiah, X. Syria, in Damascus, governed by
an aga ; 20 S. Hems, 52 NE. Damascus.
Hassel, or Haslau, X. Hesse Cassel, in Hanau •
1 S. Gelnhausen, HE. Hanau.

HAT

726

HAT

Hasscld, t. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 26 NW.
Hudwickswall. Hasselan, X. Bohemia, Saatz ; 7 NNW. Eger.
Hasselbach, r. Saxony, which runs into the
Floss, 1 W. Zeitz, in Thuringia.
Hasselbierg, X. Holstein ; 3 N. Neustadt.
flosset/etde,t.Ger.,Brunswick; 11 S.Blanken-
berg. Pop. 1,571.
Hasselde, small isl., Denmark, between Laa-
landand-Falstar. Lon. 11.54.E. Lat.54.44.N.
HassehjX. Hesse Cassel; 3 NW. Smalkald.
Hasselt, X. Neth., Liege, on the Demer, which
divides it into two parts ; 16 NNW. Liege. Lon.
5. 23. E. Lat. 50. 56. N. Pop. 5,824.
Hasselt, X. Neth., in Overissel, on the Vecht ;
10 E. Campen. Lou. 61. E. Lat. 52. 38. N, Pop.
1,124. The town is handsome, and endowed
with many privileges.
Hasselwick, X. Norway, Drontheim ; 18 NNW.
Drontheim. Hassemgherd, X. Grand Bukharia ; 20 N.
Termed. Hassengur, X. Hind., in Ballogistan ; 21 SE.
Dadari. Hassenheim, X. Prussia ; 30 S. Heilsberg.
Hasserode, X. Pru. Magdeburg; 3 S. Wernige-
rode. Pop. 422.
Hassfurl,X. Bav., Lower Maine; 17 NW. Bam
berg, 29 ENE. Wurzburg. Lon. 10.35. E. Lat.
50. 3. N. Fop. 1,300.
Hdssi, ft Macedonia ; 56 NNW. Akrida.
Hasslach, X. Bav. ; 24 NNE. Bamberg.
Hasslach Burg, X. Bav. ; 16 SW. Bamberg.
Hassleben, X. Thuringia; 13 N. Erfurt.
Hassoe, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast
of Laaland. Lon. 11. 18. E. Lat. 54. 55. N.
Hastalt, X. France, Upper Rhine ; 5 S. Colmar.
Hasleen's Ground, rocks in the Cattegat, 12
N. Zealand. Lon. 11. 45. E. Lat. 56. 11. N.
Haslenbeck, X. Han., in Calenberg, nearwhich
the French, under the command of the Mare-
chal d'Estrces, gained a victory over the duke
of Cumberland in the year 1757 ; 5 SE. Ha-
meln. Pop. 352.
Hastings, X. Eng., in Sussex, and the first of
those called foe Cinque Ports; 64 SE. London.
Lon. 0.41. E. Lat. 50. 52. N. Pop. 3,848. The
harbour,formerly of considerable consequence,
is now only an indifferent road for small vessels.
Hastings contains 3 parishes, but only 2 chh. —
In the year 1066, a battle was fought near this
town between Harold II., king of England,
and William duke of Normandy, surnamed the
Conqueror, in which the former lost his life and
kingdom. There fell of the Normans near
15,000 men ; and a much greater number of
the English.
Hastingues, t. France, in Landes ; 10 S. Dax.
Pop. 900.
Hasling's Bay, bay on NE. coast of the island
of St Matthew, in the Mergui Archipelago, one
ofthe finest harbours in the world.
Hasting' s Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipela
go, near N. coast of the island of St Matthew,
about 4 miles in length, and 2 in its widest part.
Lat. 10. 6. N.
Hastopetschlcy, X. Moravia, in Prerau ; 14 E.
Prerau. Haslres, now Arpajon.
Hata Hotun, t. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 124.
19. E. Lat. 42. 35. N.

Hat Key, small isl. in the bay of Horfdura3,
near foe coast of Yucatan. Lon. 88. 6. W» Lat}
17. 4. N.
Hataihan Kiamen, post, Chinese Tartary ; 35
SW. Tcitcicar Hotun.
Hatamtam, X. Chinese Tartary ; 37 E. Hami
Hotun. Lon. 93. 26. E. Lat. 42. '56. N.
Hatborough, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa., on the
Pannepach Creek ; 16 NNE. Philadelphia, W.
157. Hatchy, r. Ten., which runs into the Missis
sippi, Lat. 35. 5. N.
Hatcoul, X. Asia ; 15 S. Mocaumpour.
Haider, X. A. Turkey, Mosul ; 20 NW. Teorif. .
Hatfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass., on W.
bank of the Connecticut, nearly opposite to
Hadley, with which it is connected by a bridge ;
5 N.Northampton, 95 W. Boston, W. 390. Pop.
823. Here is a pleasant and handsome village.
This town has very fine meadows, and raises
great quantities of grain. In the west part of
the town there is a lead mine.
Hatfield, X. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 756.
Hatfield, or Hatfield Woodhouse, v. Eng., in
Yorkshire, anciently called Haethfelth; 10 N.
Bawtry. Pop. 1,487. In the year 933, a battle
was fought here between Edwin, the first Chris
tian king of Northumberland, and Cadwalla,
king of the Britons. Hatfield chase, the largest
in England, contained within its limits 180,000
acres. Hatfield, or Bishop's Hatfield, X. Eng., Herts ;
7 WSW. Hertford, 19 N. London. Lon.O. 13.
W. Lat. 51. 47. N. Pop. 2,677. It takes the lat
ter name from having once belonged to the
bishops of Ely, who had a palace here. Here
is a weekly market on Thursday.
Hatfield Broad Oak, or King's Hatfield, X. Eng.,
in Essex ; 8 SW. Dunmow, 29 NNE. London.
Pop. 1,321.
Hathaz, X. Hungary, in Szaboles ; UN. De-
breczin. Pop. 4,000.
Hatherly, or Halherleigh, X. Eng., in Devon,
near the conflux of the Towridge and Ock ; 28
WNW. Exeter, 201 W. London, Lon. 4. 10. W.
Lat. 50. 50. N. Pop. 1,384. It has a considera
ble woollen manufacture, and two markets
weekly, on Tuesday and Friday.
Hathern, X. Eng., Leicestershire ; 2 N. Lough
borough. Pop. 1,098.
Halin, X. Hind., in Mewat ; 26 N. Dig.
Hatleven, small island in foe N. sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 61. 20. N.
Halta, X. Hind. Boggilcund; 5 E. Rewah.
Hattan, small island on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 30. E. Lat. 60. 37. N.
Hatteeno, X. Hind., Guzerat; 15 SE. Junagur.
Haltem, X. Neth., in Guelderland, on the Issel ;
9 SE. Campen, 13 N. Deventer. Pop. 2,397.
Hatten, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 7 NE.
Haguenau. Hattenheim, X. Ger., in Nassau, on the Rhine ;
12 W. Mentz.
Hatteri, X. Hind., 25 S. Behker.
Hatterill Mountains, mountainous tract, form
ing NE. boundary of Monmouthshire, England.
Hatterslorff, X. Austria; 11 ESE. Laab.
Hatliah; island, Bengal, in the mouth of foe
Ganges, about 14 miles long, and 8 broad. Lon.
91. E. Lat. 22. 34. N.

HAV

727

HAV

Hattmgen, X. Pru. Arensberg ; 16 NE. Dussel
dorf. Lon. 7. 8. E. Lat. 51. 18. N. Pop.2,474.
Hattonchdtel, X. France, Meuse ; 9 NE. Saint
Mihiel, 14 WNW. Pont-a-Mousson. Pop. 397.
Hattonford, p-v. Pendleton co. S. C, on the
Tugeloo ; 16 miles from Pendleton court house,
W. 619.
Hattorf X. Han., Grubenhagen ; 6 S. Osterode.
Hattstadt, X. France, in Upper Rhine ; 4 S.
Colmar. Pop. 948.
Hattunudda, X. Hind., Orissa ; 32 SE. Boad.
Hatvany, X. Hungary ; 20 NE. Buda.
Hotun, X. Peru, in Cusco ; 85 S. Cusco.
Hotun Xauxa, see Atun Xauxa.
Hatzfeld, X. Hesse, in Upper Hesse; 19 SW.
Waldeck, 36 SW. Cassel. Lon. 8. 36. E. Lat.
50. 59. N. Pop. 688.
,Hatzog,X. Transylvania; 40 E. Caransebes.
Hdva, X. on S. coast of the island of Ceram.
Lon. 129. 48. E. Lat. 3. 18. S.
Havana, X. Lauderdale co. Alabama, on N.
bank of the Tennessee, 9 miles from Florence.
Havannah, or Havana, city, s-p. Cuba, on N.
coast, on foe W. side of the harbour, with the
sea in its front. Lon. 82. 14. W. Lat. 23. 9. N.
Pop. estimated at 60, or 70,000. The harbour is
not only the best in the island, but by many
esteemed the best in the world, not only on
account of its strength, but because it is capa
ble of containing commodiously 1,000 ships,
without either cable or anchor, there being
generally 6 fathoms water in the bay. The en
trance into the harbour is by a narrow channel,
so difficult of access, that only one vessel can
enter at a time, and fortified strongly with plat
forms, works, and artillery, for half a mile,
which is the length of the passage.
Havannah is foe most important commercial
port in Spanish'America, and is considered as
foe key of the West Indies. The exports consist
of sugar, wax, coffee, tobacco,and other produc
tions of Cuba. The total annual amount of the
trade is computed at 20,000,000 piastres. In
1821, the numberof vessels entered was 1,322 ;
cleared, 1,254. Here are large dock yards for
building ships of war. — The city contains 11
fine churches, magnificently ornamented with
gold, silver, images, fac, several convents, 2
hospitals, a lazaretto, and numerous other pub
lic buildings. The great square is a fine orna
ment to the town. The elegant houses are
mostly of stone.
Havant, X. Eng., in Hants, with a weekly
market on Saturday, situated near the sea ; 9
W. Chichester, 66 SSW. London. Lon. 0. 58.
W. Lat. 50. 51. N. Pop. 1,824.
Haubach See, lake, Franconia ; 3 NNE. Ko-
nigshofen in DerGrabfeld.
Hauara, t Epypt ; 8 SE. Fayoum.
Havash, or Hawaseh, i . Abyssinia, which runs
into the Arabian sea, Lon. 44. 65. E. Lat. 19. N.
Hauban, mt. Arabia Felix ; 12 E. Taas.
Haubo, X. Sweden, West Gothland ; 7 NNW.
Gottenburg. Haubourdin, X. France, in North, 3 SW. Lille,
14 NE. Bethune. Pop. 1,809.
Haud, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 56 S. Saade.
Have, (La,) small isl. near SE. coast of Nova-
Scotia. Lon. 64. 10. W. Lat. 44. 15. N.
Havel, r. which issues from a lake in the

duchy of Mecklenburg, and runs into the Elbe.
near Werben, in Brandenburg.
Havelberg, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam,
on foe Havel, which surrounds and forms it in
to an island ; 12 NNE. Stendal, 48 WNW. Ber
lin. Lon. 12. 17. E. Lat. 52. 3. N. Pop. 1,950.
The principal trade is distilling brandy, and
knitting stockings. Many vessels for the navi
gation, of the Elbe are built here, and great
quantities of wood are sent from hence to Ham
burg. Hauenstein, X. Baden, near the Rhine, late
cap. of a county to which it gave name, in the
Brisgau ; the county contains rich mines of
iron ; 3 E. Laufenburg, 13 NW. Baden. P. 242.
Hauenstein, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 10
W. Landau. ^
Havera,X. Natolia; 18 NE. Isbarteh.
Hauenbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Nahe,
at Kirn.
Haverford, X. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 786.
Haverfordwest, t. S. Wales, Pembroke, called
by the Welsh Hwlfordh, on the river Dougledy;
32 W. Caermarthen, 239 W. London. Lon. 4.
58. W. Lat. 51.45. N. Pop. 2,880. It sends 1
member to parliament. It contains 3 parish
churches within the town, with 1 in the suburbs.
The river is navigable for ships of burden, and
there is a commodious quay for landing goods,
and a custom-house. Two markets weekly, on
Tuesday and Saturday, are well supplied with
provisions. Haverhill, p-t. Grafton co. N. H., on the Con
necticut, opposite to Newbury, with which it is
connected by a bridge ; 27 N. Dartmouth Col
lege, 31 NNW. Plymouth, 119 NW. Portsmouth,
W. 522. Pop. in 1810, 1,105; in 1820, 1,609. In
the SW. part of the township, there is a pleasant
and handsome village, containing a court house,
a jail, an academy, a Congregational meeting
house, and about 60 dwelling houses. The
courts for the county are held alternately here,
and at Plymouth.
Haverhill, p-t. Essex co. Mass., at foe head of
navigation on N. side of the Merrimack, 18 m.
from its mouth, opposite to Bradford ; 15 WSW.
, Newburyport, 18 SSW. Exeter, 19 NNW. Sa
lem, 30 N. Boston, W. 477. Pop. in 1810, 2,682 ;
in 1820, 3,070. The village contains 200 dwel
ling houses, principally built on two streets, 40
stores, 21 of them brick, a bank, 2 printing of
fices, a cotton and woollen manufactory, and
various other manufacturing establishments. It
is pleasantly situated, and handsomely built
Ship building is carried on here to some extent.
The town contains 3 Congregational meeting
houses, and 1 for Baptists. The river is navigable
in this town for vessels of 100 tons. — Here is an
elegant bridge across the Merrimack connecting
Haverhill with Bradford, with 3 arches of 180
feet each, supported by 3 handsome stone piers,
40 feet square.
Haverhill, X. Eng.,partly in Suffolk, and partly
in Essex, with a weekly market on Wednes
day; 20 SE. Cambridge, 59 NNE. London. Pop
1,216. Haverser, small island, Scot, near W. coast of
Skye. Lon. 6. 30. W. Lat. 57. 22. N.
Haverstraw, p-t. Rockland co. N. Y,, on W.
side of the Hudson ; 40 N. New York, W. 271."

HATJ

728

HAW

Pop. 2,700. Here are extensive iron works, and
an academy.
Havery, two small isls., Scot, near W. coast
of Shetland. Lon. 1. 40. W. Lat 69. 59. N.
Haufbergen, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 5
NW. Strasburg.
Haughslorfif, X. Austria; 5E.Rotz. Pop. 2,300.
Hauhajocki,X. Finland; 30 NE. Christianstadt
Hauho, X. Finland ; 12 NNE. Tavasthus.
[ Havinghuysen, v. Holland ; 8 N. Alcmaer.
Havirun, (an. Oroanda,) X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 20 NNE. Isbarteh.
Havisa, see Ahuaz.
Haviaar, X. Bengal ; 22 N. Islamabad.
Haukedal, X. Norway, Bergen ; 70 N. Bergen.
Haukipudat, X. Finland ; 12N.Ulea.
Hawkiwuori, t. Finland ; 56 S. Kuopio.
Haun, see Burghaun.
Haun, r. Ger., which rises in Fulda, passes by
Hunfeld, Burghaun, fac, and joins the Fulda at
Hirsfeld. Haunfeld, see Hunfeld.
Haunolstain, X. Austria ; 6 W. St. Polten.
Haupmansgrun. X. Sax., in Erzgebirg ; 7 SSW.
Zwickau. Haupoul-Mazamet, X. France, in Tarn ; 10 SE.
Castres. Pop. 3,050.
Hour, X. Persia, in Mecran ; 136 NW. Tatta.
Lon. 65. 28. E. Lat. 26. 40. N.
Havre de Grace, p-t. fa port of entry, Harford
co. Md., on W. side of the Susquehanna, at its
confluence with the Chesapeake ; 36 NE. Balti
more, 64 WSW. Philadelphia, W. 73. Lon. 76.
12. W. Lat. 39. 33. N. It contains a bank, and
40 or 50 houses, and is a place of some trade.
the shipping owned here in 1816, amounted to
1,869 tons.
Havre de Grace, or Le Havre, s-p. France, and
seat of a tribunal, in Lower-Seine ; 45 W.
Rouen, 112 NW. Paris. Lon. 0. 7. E. Lat.
49. 29. N. Pop. 20,620. It is situated in a flat,
marshy soil, intersected with creeks and ditches,
at the mouth of foe Seine. It is strongly forti
fied, being surrounded bylofty walls and ditches,
and defended by a citadel. It is the only eligi
ble harbour along the whole coast, from Cher
bourg, and is capable of containing 600 or 700
vessels, and has a long pier, and sufficient depth
of water to float ships of war of 60 guns. The
toWn has peculiar advantages from its situation
at the mouth of the Seine, and its being the sea
port of Paris, and is one of the most important
mercantile ports of France. It consists of long
and narrow streets, the fronts of the houses are
lofty, but have a heavy and mean appearance,
being sometimes of stone, but oftener of wood.
Before foe revolution, it was the seat of a gover
nor-general and other officers, a bailiwick, ad
miralty, fac; it contains 2 churches, 3 convents,
a hospital, town-house, an arsenal, magazines,
and store-houses necessary for the construction
and arming of ships.
Havre Giffart, bay on N. coast of the island
of Jersey; 5 N. St. Helier.
Havre de Rosal, bay on NE. coast of the isl
and of Jersey; 5 NNE. St. Helier.
Haus, X. Stiria; 20 NNW. Muhrau.
Haus, X. Austria ;. 6 NNW. Steyregg.
Hausay, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
among the Out Sherries. Lon. 0.46. W. Lat.
60. 42. N.

Hausebeck, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Minden ; 10
SW. Minden, 28 E. Osnabruck.
House, Teutsch, or Nemetzka Hauzowa, X. Mo
ravia, in Olmutz; 13 N. Olmutz.
Hauseberge, X. Pru. Minden ; 3 S. Minden
Pop. 816.
Hausegg, X. Austria ; 7 NE. Bavarian Waid-
hoven. Hausen, X. Ger., in Hohenzollern-Hechingen.
Pop. 1,262.
Hausen, v. Ger., in the territory of Frank
fort on the Maine. Pop. 451.
Hausen, X. Baden, on the Kinzig; 20 NE.
Rothweil, 26 SE. Strasburg. Pop. 886.
Hausen, X. Bav. ; 5 S. Gemunden. Pop. 519.
Hausen, or Haussen, v. Wurt.: 5 W. Gailsford,
20 ENE. Stuttgard.
Hausenbaum, X. Bav. ; 5 NW. Volckach.
Hausjarvi, X. Finland ; 20 SE. Tavasthus.
Hausruck, or Hausruckviertel, circle, Austria,
which takes its name from a large forest. Pop.
109,324. Sq. m. 350. The chief towns are
Lintz, Wels, Gemunden, and Efferding.
Haustetten, or Haustdlten, X. Austria; 7 S.
Sonneberg. Haustetten, X. Stiria ; 3 SSE. Gratz.
Haulapour, X. Bengal ; 8 S. Rajemal.
Hautchella, X. Bengal ; 35 ENE. Goragot.
Hairtdo6e\t.Hind., Ruttunpour; 6N.Dumdah.
Haute Island, island in NE. part of the bay
of Fundy. Lon. 65. W. Lat. 45. 20. N.
Haute Island, see Holt.
Hautecombe, X. Savoy, on W. side of lake
Bourget; 12 NNE. Chambery, 17 S. Seissel.
Hautefort, X. France, in Dordogne ; 6 SSE.
Exideuil, IS NE. Perigueux. Pop. 1,303.
Hautegor; X. Hind., Cicacole ; 22 NW. Ganjam.
Hauleluce, X. Savoy; 13 NE. Conflans.
Hauterive,X. France, Drome; 13 N. Romans.
Haute Riviere, X. France, in Rhone ; 15 NE.
Montbrison, IS W. Lyons. Pop. 1,396.
Hautevilk, t. France, in Aisne ; 6 E. St.
Rambert. Hautevilk, t. France, in Marne ; 9 SE. Vitry.
Hauleville-la- Guichard, t. France, in Chan
nel ; 7 NE. Coutances.
Hautha, X. Arabia, in Jamama ; 50 SSE. Ja-
mama, 120 SSW. Lachsa.
Hautimabad,X. Hind., Delhi ; 20 S. Secundara.
Hautindar, t Hind., in Lahore ; 28 SW. La
hore. Hautpoul, X. France, in Tarn-; 10 S. Castres,
15 N. Carcassonne.
Haut Thorame, X. France, in Lower-Alps;
15 N. Castellane.
Haut Villers, X, France, in Marne ; 3 N. Eper-
nay. Pop. 945.
Hautsenheim, t. Tyrol ; 1 SE. Hall.
Hautsental, X. Austria ; 6 S. Sonneberg.
Hauz Ilormos, t. Persia, in Kerman ; 90 S.
Sirgian. Hauzomberg, X. Bavaria ; 6 NE. Passau.
Haw, or Saxapahaw, r. N. C, one of the head
branches of Cape Fear river.
Haw River, p-v. Orange co. N. C. ; W. 323.
Hawarden, or Harden, X. N. Wales, in Flint,
near the river Dee, with a market on Saturday;
6 W. Chester, 196 NW. London. Pop. 4,071.
Near it are the remains of a castle.
Hawash, r. Africa, which rises in Abyssinia,

HAY

729

HAZ

and rflhs into the sea, Lon. 45. 65. E. Lat. 11. N.
Howes, X. Eng,, in Yorkshire, in the North
Riding, SW. of Richmond. Pop. 1,223.
Howes, r. Wales, which runs into the Severn
2 miles below Newtown, in Montgomery.
Hawick, X. Scot., in Roxburgh, on the Tiviot;
43 WSW. Berwick, 48 SSE. Edinburgh. Pop.
3,688. It is on the great road from London to
Edinburgh through Carlisle, is well paved and
lighted, and has considerable trade and manu
factures. Hawke, X. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 21 SW.
Portsmouth. Pop. 421.
Hawke Bay, bay on E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 55. 50. W. Lat. 53. 10. N.
Hawke Island, small island, near E. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 55. 30. W. Lat. 53. 10. N.
Hawke's Bay, bay on E. coast of the north
ernmost island of New Zealand, in the South
Pacific ocean.
Hawkehurst, v. Eng., in Kent; 12 SE. Tun-
bridge Wells. — Native, Dr. N. Lardner!
Hawkesbury's Island, isl. in an arm of the N.
Pacific ocean ; 33 miles long, and from 4 to 10
broad. Lon. 231. 4. E. Lat. 53. 36. N.
Hawkesbury River, r. New South-Wales, which
empties itself into Broken bay.
Hawkins, co. East Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
7,643; in 1820, 10,949; slaves, 1,331. Chief
town, Rogersville.
Hawkins's Island, isl. in E. part of Prince
William's sound, above 20 miles in length from
SW. to NE., and from 1 to 5 in breadth. Lon.
214. 10. to 214. 38. E. Lat. 60. 28. to 60. 40. N.
Hawkeshead, t. Eng., in Lancashire, near a
lake, in a valley surrounded by hills ; 38 N.
Lancaster, 273 N. London. Lon. 2. 55. W. Lat.
54. 18. N. Pop. 676. Market on Monday.
Hawksbill Mills, p-v. Shenandoaco.Va.; W. 86.
Hawlbowling, small isl. Ireland, in Cork har
bour ; 10 miles below Cork.
. Hawley, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 14 WSW.
Greenfield, 120 WNW. Boston, W. 417. Pop.
3,089. Haw's Water, lake, Eng., in Westmoreland.
Haworth, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the West
Riding; 8 W.Bradford. Pop. 3,971.
Hawye, i. Wales, which runs into the Ython,
in Radnor.
Hay, or The Hay, X. S. Wales, in Brecknock ;
14 ENE. Brecon, 151 WNW. London. Lon. 3.
6. W. Lat. 52. N. Pop. 1,100. It is situated on
a high bank, descending precipitately to the
Wye, over which is a handsome stone bridge of
7 arches. It was by foe Britons called Trekethle,
or TAe town among hazles. Market on Saturday.
Hay, (V,) t. France, in Seine ; 4 S. Paris.
Hay Creek,r. Pa., which runs into foe Schuyl
kill, Lon. 71. 50. W. Lat. 40. 16. N.
Hay's Island, small isl. in foe Mergui Archi
pelago. Lat. 9. 5. N.
Hayange, X. France, in Moselle; 6 SW.
Thionvilte, 6 NE. Briey.
Haycock, X. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 926.
Haycock, isl., Pa., in foe Delaware ; 7 miles.
below Easton.
Haycock, small isl. in the Indian sea, near W.
coast of Madagascar. Lon. 48.30. E. Latl3.35.S.
Haycock, small isl. in the Chinese sea. Lon.
i07. 48. E. Lat. 3. 27, N.
Vol. I. 92

Hayde, t. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 24 W. Pilsen!
26 SE. Egra. Pop. 1,300.
Haydenlieim, see Heidenheim.
Haydon Bridge, v. Eng., in Northumberland,
on the Tyne ; 6 W. Hexham.
Haye, (La,) X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ;
12 NW. Preuilly, 26 S. Tours. Pop. 997.—
Native, Des Cartes.
Haye Paynel, (La,) X. France, in Channel ;
6 N. Avranches, 9 ESE. Granville. Pop. 790.
Haye du Puits, (La,) X. France, in Channel ;
12 W. Carentan, 15 N. Coutances. Pop. 895.
Hayes,v. Eng„ in Kent; 2 m. from Bromley.
Hayes, (The,) rocks, near NE. coast of foe
island of Guernsey, between the small islands
of Harnit and Hummet.
Hayger, or Heger, X. Ger., in Nassau, on the
Dill ; 3 NE. Dillenburg. Pop. 1,500. .
Haylsham, see Hailsham.
Haymarket, p-v. Prince William co. Va. ; 38
WSW. Washington.
Hayn, X. Gotha, province Gotha. Pop. 360.
Hayn, Grosen, or Grosenhayn, X. Saxony, in
Meissen, containing 3 churches ; 8 N. Meissen,
16 NNW. Dresden. Lon. 13.29. E. Lat. 51. 18,
N. Pop. 3,460. H. 780, 3 churches, 2 hospitals.
In this town the art of dyeing the Saxon gree*
and blue was first discovered.
Hayna, X. Ger., in Meiningen, on the Spreug.
Pop. 596.
Haynau, or Hayn, t'Silesia, in Liegnitz ; 9
WNW. Lignitz. Pop. 2,437.
Hayn aux Trois Chenes, or Dreyeicherhain,
X. Ger., in Hesse Darmstadt; 5 S. Frankfort on
the Maine, 7 NNE. Darmstadt.
HayndorfX. Bohemia, Boleslau; 13E.Krottau.
Haynichen, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 8 WNW.
Freyberg, 25 W. Dresden. Lon. 13. 3. E. Lat.
50. 57. N. Pop. 2,427.
Haynsburg, t. Pru. Merseburg ; 3 SW. Naum
burg. Pop. 180.
Hayohayo, X. La Paz; 25 SSW. La Paz.
Hayr, see Hair.
Haysville, p-v. Franklin co. N. C. ; 46 Raleighj
W. 270.
Hayti, see St. Domingo.
Haywood, co. N. C. ; W. 595. Pop. in 1810,.
2,780 ; slaves, 171. Fop. in 1820, 4,073.
Haywoodsborough, p-t. Chatham co. N. C, at
the confluence of foe Haw and Deep rivers,
which unite to form Cape Fear river, about 38
N. by W. Fayetteville, W. 334. It is situated
near the centre of the state The Cape Fear
river has been rendered navigable for boats to
this place.
Haywood Fort,torX, Barbadoes ; 2 N. Speight's-
town. Hazard, or Richmond Bay, hay in Hudson's
bay, on W. coast of Labrador, with a great
number of small islands, called Archiwinipick,
by the Indians ofthe country. Lon. 75. 50. W.
Lat. 56. 35. N.
Hazebrouck, X. France, principal place of a
district, in North ; 19 W. Lille, 19 S. Dunkirk.
Lon. 2. 37. E. Lat. 50. 43. N. Pop. 6,611.
Hazeratnagur, X. Almora; 13 WSW. Cossi
pour. Hazeryhutta, X. Bengal ; 15 SW. Nattore.
Lon. 84. 44. E. Lat. 24. 14. N.
Hasir, (an. Bumadus,) X. Curdistan, cm a ri-

HEB

730

HEC

\ter of the same name, at its union with the
Aras ; 33 SW. Erbil.
Hazira, X. Arabia,. in Hedsjas; 52 S. Haura.
Hazle- Green, p-t. Madison co. Alabama; 15
N. Huntsville, 271 N. Cahawba, W. 703.
Hazlepach, p-v. Knox co. Ken. ; W. 586.
Haz-Oghu Bazarzich, or Agioi Bassardscik, t.
Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 38 S. Dristra. The
town is commercial, and inhabited by many
rich Armenians.
Hazorta, savage people in NE. part of Abys
sinia, on the Red sea.
Hazy Islands, cluster of small islands in the
N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 225. 42. E. Lat. 55. 55. N.
Hea, pr. Morocco, lying along the Atlantic
Mogador is the chief town.
Head of Chester, p-v. Kent co. Md. ; W. 103.
Head of Cow Neck, p-v. in North Hempstead,
Queen's co. N. Y. ; W. 256.
Head of Sassafras, p-v. Kent co. Md. ; W. 106.
Head of Ayr, cape on W. coast of Scotland,
in the county of Ayr. Lon. 4. 38. W. Lat. 55.
30. N.
Head of Man, cape, S. Wales, in the county
of Pembioke ; 6 WSW. Pembroke.
Headingky, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, 2 NW.
Leeds. Pop. 1,670.
Headon, or Hedon, X. Eng., in the East Rid
ing of Yorkshire, with a market on Saturday ;
8 E. Hull, 181 N. London. Pop. 780. It is a
corporation and a borough, sending two mem
bers to parliament. It was formerly a place of
considerable trade, being situated on a river
about 2 miles from the Humber, but the har
bour is now choked up.
Healthy Cove, bay, Jamaica, on S. coast.
Lon. 77. W. Lat. 17. 44. N.
Hean, X. Tonquin, on a river, about 4 days'
journey from the sea, where the French have a
factory ; it is foe residence of a mandarin.
Heap, township, Eng., in Lancashire, near
Manchester. Pop. 5,148.
Heargul, X. Candahar ; 12 W. Ghizni.
Heart Lake, lake, N. H. ; 20 E. Stuart. It is
6 miles long, and 3 broad.
Heath, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. ; 12 NW.
Greenfield, 125 WNW. Boston, W. 484. Pop.
1,122. Heath Point, cape on SE. extremity of the
island of Anticosti, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Lon. 62. W. Lat. 49. 6. N.
Healhfield, X. Eng., in Sussex; 14 NE. Lewes.
Pop. 1,226.
Heatonsvilk, p-v. Carter co. Ten. ; W. 430.
Heaton Norris, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 1J N.
Stockport, 5 SE. Manchester. Pop. 5,232. It is
separated by the Mersey from Stockport, and
forms a suburb to that town.
Heavitree, v. Eng., in Devonshire ; 1^ Exe
ter. Pop. 957. — Richard Hooker was bom here
in 1553.
Heblerua, X. Persia, in Irak ; 20 E. Rai.
Heboud, X. Syria, anciently called Beufila;
32 NE. Damascus.
Hebrides, or Western Islands, a name given
to a cluster of islands, situated in foe N. At
lantic ocean, to foe W. of Scotland. The
principal are Lewis, North and South Uist,
Skye, Benbecula, Mull, and Jura. They extend
about 180 miles in length, from N. to S., and

from 10 to 30 in breadth ; and the whole are
divided into 8 parishes. These islands were
anciently called Ebuda and Hebrida, after
wards Hebrides. Many of them are fertile,
and might, with skilful culture, be convert
ed into fruitful fields, and some of them have
valuable minerals. The various tracts of ground
and clusters of rocks are supposed to amount
to 300, of which 86 are inhabited. , The inhab
itants, who are supposed to amount to about
70,000, are a hardy and robust people, destitute
of a great part of the conveniences of civilized
life. See Lewis, Skye, Mull, Jura, St. Kilda, fac.
Hebrides, (New,) cluster of islands in the S.
Pacific ocean, first discovered by Quiros, in the
year 1506, who supposed them to be a southern
continent, and called them Tierra Australia, del
Espiritu Santo. They are in general mountain
ous, and abound in wood and water. Their
principal productions are bread-fruit, cocoa-
nuts, and plantains, yams, and sugar-canes.
The inhabitants appear civil and hospitable.
Lon. 166. 40. to 170. 21. E. Lat. 14. 30. to. 20.
5. S.
Hebron, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 9 S. Paris,
150 NNE. Boston, W. 593. Pop. 1,727. It con
tains 2 post offices, an academy, and a woollen
manufactory. Hebron, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. ; 8 SW. Ply
mouth, W. 529. Pop. 572.
Hebron, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. ; 18 ENE. Mid
dietown, 20 SE. by E. Hartford; 21 NW. Nor
wich, W. 349. Pop. 2,094. It contains 2 Con.
gregational meeting houses, 1 Episcopal, and 1
Methodist ; 2 cotton manufactories, and a paper
mill ; 2 post offices, one in the first parish, the
other in the parish of Andover.
Hebron, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. ; 52 NNE.
Albany, W. 408. Pop. 2,754. It borders on
Vermont. Hebron, X. Palestine, situated partly on a hill,
and partly on a plain, west of the Dead sea,
called by the Arabs El Khail; 22 SSW. Jeru
salem. Pop. according to Malte-Brun, 1,000, or
1,200. Before the conquest of Canaan by the
Israelites, this was a considerable city, called
Cariath-Arba, or Kirjath-Arba. It belonged to
the tribe of Judah, and was for 7 years the royal
residence of David. The Christians have a
church here, which they say contains the tombs
of Abraham and Sarah, to which the Mahome
tans, as well as Christians, come in pilgrimage.
The valley, or plain of Mamre, in which was
the cave of Machpelah, where Abraham, Sarah,
and Isaac were buried, is not far from Hebron;
it is fertile, and planted with excellent vine
yards. Constantine built a church here, foe
walls of which are yet in existence.
Hebrus, now Mariza.
Hecaton-nesi, now Musco-nissi.
Hecalon-pylos, capital of Parthia ; now Da-
megan.
, Hechingen, X. Ger., capital of the principality
of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, on the Starzel ; 30
S. Stuttgart, 52 ESE. Strasburg. Pop. 2,600.
H. 550. It is the residence ofthe prince, has a 1
castle, 2 churches, a hospital, a gymnasium,
and some woollen manufactures.
Heckila, X. Finland, in Tavastland ; 50 NNE.
Jamsio.

HED

731

HEI

Hecklingen, t. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg; 8
NE. Bernburg.
Hecklingen, X. Bav. ; 7 WNW. Treuchtlingen.
Heckmondwicke, township, Eng., in West.Rid-
ing of Yorkshire ; 7 E. Halifax. Pop. 2,324.
Heckstadt, see Hellstadt.
Heckla, (Mount,) mt. Iceland, with a vol
cano, which frequently sends forth flames and
torrents of burning matter. It is upwards of
5,000 feet high, and since foe last great erup
tion, in 1766, a visit to its top in summer is not
attended with great difficulty. According to
the Icelandic records, there have been 22 erup
tions since 1004. It is divided at top into 3
parts, of which the middle is the highest. Hot
vapour issues from various openings near the
top; and the thermometer, which in the air
stands below freezing poist, will rise, when set
on the ground to 120 or 150 degrees. The
eruptions in the years 1693 and 1766, occasion
ed terrible devastations, some of the matter be
ing thrown forth to the distance of 150 miles,
and a circuit of nearly 50 laid waste by the lava.
Hecla, mt. Scot., in the island of South Uist ;
3,000 feet above the sea.
Heclabir, ridge of rocks on W- coast of the
isl. of North Ronaldsba, one ofthe Orkneys.
Hector, p t. Tompkins co. N. Y., on SE. part
of Seneca lake ; 10 S. Ovid, 190 W. Albany,
W. 327. Pop. 4,012.
Hed, X. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 25 WNW.
Westerahs. Hedding, or Store Hedding, t. Denmark, in
Zealand ; 20 SSW. Copenhagen.
Heddon on the Wall, X. Northumberland; 7
W. Newcastle. Pop. 340.
Hede, X. Sweden, Harjedalem ; 10 SE. Lan-
gaschanlz. Hede, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 32 NW.
Uddevalla. Hedie, X. France, Ille-and-Vilaine ; 2£ posts
N. Rennes, Sh S. St Malo. Lon. 1. 43. W. Lat.
48. 18. N. Pop. 705.
Hedemora, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia; 53 NW.
Upsal. Lon. 15. 54. E. Lat. 60. 13. N. Pop. 812.
It is situated near a lake, and has a large man
ufacture of gunpowder.
Hedemunden, X. Han., in Gottingen, on foe
Werra ; 5 SE. Minden, 12 S. Gottingen. P. 887
Heden, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 30 NW.
Lulea. Hedesunda, X. Sweden, in Gestricia; 18 S.
Geflte. Lon. 16. 49. E. Lat. 60. 25. N.
Hedgeman, r. Virginia, which joins with the
Rapid Ann to form the Rappahannock, above
Falmouth. Hedjadje, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on foe
Tigris ; 35 SSE. Tecrit
Hedic, see Hoedic.
Hedinge, or Store Hedinge, t. Denmark, in
Zealand ; 32 S. Copenhngen. Lon. 12. 24. E.
Lat. 55. 19. N.
Hedingen, X. Swite., Zurich ; 10 WSW. Zurich.
Hedingham, Sible, X Eng., Essex. Fop. 1,866.
Hedingham, or Castle Hedingham, t. Eng., in
Essex, with a weekly market on Tuesday ; 18
NW. Colchester, 48 NNW. London. Pop. 1,065.
Hedsjas, pr. Arabia, lying along the Red sea,
between Mount Sinai and the province of Ye
men ; otherwise called Arabia Petraa. It con

sists of a barren, sandy plain, lying along foe Red
sea, but behind it rises a chain of mountains
abounding in fruits. The principal towns are
Mecca, Medina, and Jidda. It is now chiefly
in the power of the Wahabees.
Hedon, see Headon.
Heemskirk's Bank, shoals in foe Pacific ocean,
a little E. Prince William's island.
Heenvliet, t. Holland on NE. coast of the isl
and of Voorn ; 4 SE. Briel. Pop. 530.
Heemstede, X. Holland ; 3 S. Haerlem. Pop.
1,900. Heepen, t. Pru. Minden ; 5 N. by E. Biele
feld. Pop. 1,360.
Heerapour, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundella ; 14
SSW. Mundella.
Heerapour, X. Hind., in Malwa ; 40 S. Chat
terpour. Heerapour, X. Guzerat ; 30 NE. Surat.
Heerde, X. Neth., Guelderland; 4 S. Hattem.
Pop. 2,634.
Heerenberg, X. Neth., Guelderland, Zutphen ;
15 SE Arnheim. Fop. 679.
Heeringen, X. Pru. Saxony, chief place of an
estate belonging in common to the princes of
Stolberg-Rossla and Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt,
on the Helm ; 6 SE. Nordhausen, 32 N. Erfurt.
Lon. 10. 59. E. Lat. 51. 27. N. Pop. 1,700.
Heerenveen, X. Neth., Friesland, which, from
its size and neatness, is called the Hague of
Friesland; 14 ESE. Sneek, 15 SSE. Leewar-
den. Pop. 1,158.
Heerlen, t. Neth., Limburg ; 14 NW. Maes-
tricht Pop. 3,470.
Heermund, or Hindmund, (an. Etymander,)
r. Persia, which rises near Bamian, in Balk,
and runs into lake Zareh ; 15 N. Harra, in Se
gestan. Hees, X. Holland ; 17 SSE Bois le Due.
Heesen, t. Pru. Munster; 4 NE. Bielefeld.
Pop. 889.
Hegad, one of the Sooloo islands. Lon. 121.
E. Lat. 6. 7. N.
Hegaw, or Hegow, name under which was
formerly comprehended all that part of Ger
many in the circle of Swabia, which borders od
the Boden sea, or lake of Constance.
Heugensdorf, t. Pru. Minden ; 2 SSE. Buren.
Heggbach, v. Wurt. ; 12 S. Ulm. Pop. 64.
Hegnabrunn, X. Bav. ; 6 E. Culmbach.
Hegyalya, district, Hungary, in foe county
of Zips, about 30 miles in extent, on the side of
the Bodrog and Teisse ; including the town of
Tokay, and producing the celebrated 1*bkay
wine. Heibach, or Heuhach, t. Bav., on the Maine ;
12 W. Wertheim. Pop. 1,100.
Heichsrloch, see Haigerloch.
Heidbach, see Heybach.
Heidelberg, t. Northampton co. Pa., W. of the
Lehigh ; 18 NW. Bethlehem. Pop. 3,605.
Heidelberg, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 3,605.
Heidelberg, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,313.
Heidelberg, t. Lebanon co. Pa. ; 33 E. Harris
burg. Pop. 2,384.
Heidelberg, X. Lehigh co. ?a. Pop. 2,322.
Heidelberg, city, Baden, in Neckar, capital of
a district, on the Neckar ; 10 SSE. Manheim,
14 NE. Spire, 42 S. Frankfort on the Maine.
Lon. 8. 42. E. lat. 49. 25. N. Pop. 9,826. H.

HEI

*732

HEI

1,176. It contains 4 churches, 2 Lutheran, 1
Reformed, and 1 Catholic, 1 synagogue, 4 hos
pitals, a gymnasium, and a university. It was
formerly the capital ofthe Palatinate, till 1719,
and more populous than at present. The streets
are narrow and gloomy ; the principal one
more than a mile long. Here is a stone bridge
across the Neckar, 700 feet in length. The
environs are extremely beautiful. The adja
cent country produces great quantities of wine ;
and the town is noted for a magnificent cask,
called the tun of Heidelberg, which is made of
copper, with iron hoops, and contains 600 hhds.
The town has some manufactures, and several
literary journals are published here.
The university wasfounded in 1386; it embrac
ed the Reformed doctrine in foe 16th century ;
and is now among the most eminent in Germa
ny. It has 26 regular professors, a library of
45,000 volumes, a physical and mineralogical
cabinet, an anatomical theatre, and a botanic
garden. The number of students, in 1817, was
363; the whole number of teachers in 1818, 51.
— Natives, G. Vossius, and J. Alting.
Heidclsheim, X. Baden, on the Salzbach ; 14
SE. Spire, 17 S. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,818.
Heidenfeld, X. Bav. ; 13 WNW. Wurzburg.
Heidenfeld, X. Bav. ; 9 NE. Wertheim.
Heidenheim, X. Bav., Rezat, on theAltmuhl;
15 S. Anspach. Pop. 1,800.
Heidenheim, X. Wurt., on the Brenz ; 21 NW.
Ulm, 50 ENE. Stuttgard. Pop. 1,900.
Heidenriihstein, X. Austria ; 6 W. Bohmisch
Waidhofen. H. 117.
Heidersbach, X. Ger.; 11 NE. Meinungen.
Heidesheim, X. Hesse, on the Rhine. Pop. 822.
Heiding, X. Stiria ; 2 WSW. Pettau.
Heidingsfeld, see Heydingsfeld.
Heidleich, lake, Silesia ; 3 WNW. Wolau.
Heiff, (El, an. Phila,) isl. in the river Nile,
near the great cataract, on which are some
remains of a temple of Isis, and other antiqui
ties. See Phila.
Heiheh, X. Egypt ; 7 ENE. Bishbesh.
Heila, or Geta, t Pru. Dantzic, at the mouth
Of the Vistula, on a headland which projects
into the Baltic ; 24 NNE. Dantzic Lon. 18.
6. E. Lat. 54. 47 N.
Heilbronn, X. Wurt., in Neckar, on the Neck
ar ; 20 N. Stuttgart, 26 SE. Heidelberg. Lon.
9. 18. E. Lat. 49. 8. N. Pop. 5,919. H. 900.
It contains 3 Lutb. churches, 2 Catholic, a gym
nasium, and a public library. It is situated in
a ple*sant and fertile country, celebrated for
its vineyards.
Heilgoldnd, see Heligoland.
Heiliberg, X. Stiria ; 6 NE. Rein.
Heilig Creutz, X. Stiria; 8 SE. Landsperg.
Heilige, Linde, X. Prussia ; 6 WSW. Rasten
burg. Heiligen, t. Courland ; 40 SSW. Goldingen.
Heiligenbeil, X. Prussia, in Konigsberg, on a
small river, which soon after runs into foe
Frische Haff; 28 SE. Konigsberg. Lon. 19.
63. E. Lat 54 26. N. Pop. 2,013. This town
was a celebrated seat of idolatry among the
ancient Prussians, who used to worship their
deity, named Curetro, under a large oak. It
has of late years been famous for fine beer and
white bread, and has a gymnasium.

Heiligenberg, t. Austria ; 1 N. Rotz.
Heiligenberg, X. Baden, capital of a county o«J
longing to the prince of Furstenberg ; 12 NNE.
Constance. Pop. 389.
Heiligenbtut, v. Carinthia, in Villach, on foe
borders of Salzburg, near a mountain 8,600
feet above the sea.
Heiligengrab, X. Brandenburg; 6 E. Pritzwalk.
Heiliginhaven, s-p. Holstein, near the Baltic,
opposite the island of Femern, 40 N. by E. Lu
beck. Lon. 10. 48. E. Lat. 54. 27. N. Pop.
1,000. The harbour is at some distance, E. of
the town.
Heiligenhausen, X. Bav. ; 3 ESE. Hassfurt.
Heiligenheim, X. Holstein ; 30 ENE. Keil.
Heiligenrode,X. Han., in Hoya ; 6 S.Bremen.
Heiligenstadl, X. Pru. Erfurt, formerly capital
of Eichsfeld; 14 SSW. Duderstadt, 42 NW.
Erfurt. Lon. 10. 8. E. Lat. 51. 23. N. Pop.
3,549. H. 641. It contains 4 Catholic churches
and a gymnasium.
Heiligenstadt, X. Bav. ; 10 E. Bamberg.
Heiligenthal, X. Prussia ; 20 WSW. Heilsberg.
Heiligpiel, X. Prussia ; 18 SW. Brandenburg.
Heiligritz, X. Austria; 11 SW. Vienna.
Heiligwalt, or Heiligritz, X. Prussia, in Ko
nigsberg, on the Pregel ; 10 E. Konigsberg.
Heiligwalt, X. Prussia ; 16 S. Elbing.
Heilingen, t. Bav. ; 3 S. Lichtenfels.
Heilsberg, or Heilsperg, X. Prussia, in Konigs
berg; 36 S. Konigsberg, 45 E. Elbing. Lon.
20. 35. E. Lat. 54. 3. N. Pop. 2,237. A battle
was fought here, in 1807, between the Russians
and French, in which 17,000 were slain.
Heilsbrunn, or Heilsbron, X. Bav., on the
Schwabach ; 8 ENE. Anspach, 12 SW. Nurem
berg. Lon. 10. 47. E. Lat. 49. 20. N. Pop. 500.
Heilz V Evequc, X. France, in Marne ; 15
SE. Chalons sur Marne.
Heilz la Maurap, t. France, in Marne; 18
SE. Chalons sur Marne. Pop. 851.
Heimbach, t. Pru., in Lower-Rhine, near the
Rhine ; 8 NW. Bingen.
Heimbach, see Hambach.
Heimendorf t. Bav. ; 3 S. Lauff.
Heimenkirchen, t. Bav.; 11 ENE. Lindau.
Pop. 800.
Heimersheim,X. Pru. Cologne; 14 S. Coblentz,
Pop. 1,068.
Heimsheim, or Heimsen, X. Wurtemberg; 2
WNW. Stuttgard, 20 E. Durlach. Lon. 8. 49.
E. Lat. 48. 53. N. Pop. 934.
Heine, X. Ger. ; 3 NW. Romhild.
Heinavesi, X. Finland ; 37 SE. Kuopio.
Heinenfeld, t. Bav. ; 9 NE. Wertheim.
Heiningen, X. Wurt., dist. Goppirigen. Pop.
1,030. Heinheim, X. Bav. ; 15 SW. Ratisbon.
Heinkensand, X. Neth. Zealand, in island of
Beveland ; 4 SW. Goes, 17 E. Flushing. Pop.r
900. Heinolax, X. Finland ; 55 E. Tavasthus.
Heinrichs, t. Pru. Erfurt, on the Hasel; 9
ESE. Meinungen. Pop. 900.
Heinrichsdorf t. Pomerania ; 4 S. Rumelsburg.
Heinrichsgrun, t. Bohemia; 11 NW. Elnbo-
gen. H. 200.
Heinrichstein, t. Austria; 4 SW. Bohmisch
Waidhoven. Heinrichwalde, t. Silesia ; 7 E. by N. Giats,'
Fop. 1,000.

HEL

73S

HEL

Heinsberg, t. Pru. Aix la Chapelle ; 10 SE.
Ruremond. Lon. 6. 1. E. Lat. 51. 2. N. Fop.
1 333
' Heinsen, X. Han. ; 30 NW. Hanover. P. 1,050
Heinzenberg, mountainous district, Switz., in
the Grisons, and one of the most beautiful and
fertile in the country, full of corn fields, mead
ows, small lakes, and forests intermixed; situat
ed to the S. ofthe bishopric of Coire.
Heiran, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 36 S. Abu-Arisch.
Heisker Islands, two small islands of Scot
land ; 15 N. North Uist island. Lon. 7. 51. W.
Lat. 67. 46. N.
Heitersheim, or Heylerschen, X. Baden ; 10 S.
Brisach, 20 NNE. Bale. Pop. 1,347. It was
long the residence of the grand prior of the or
der of St. John of Germany.
Hel, r. Eng., in Cornwall, which runs into
foe sea, about 4 S. Falmouth.
Hela, see Heila.
Htlan, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 5 S. Leit
meritz. Helaoua, X. Nubia, and the last subject to the
Ottoman Porte. It has a considerable garri
son ; the environs are pleasant, and abound
with coloquintida and senna.
Helba, t. Ger. ; 3 N. Meinungen.
Helbe, r. Thuringia, which runs into the Un-
strutt, 4 S. Kindelbrucken.
Helbigsdorf X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 7 S.
Freyberg. Heldazoo, small isl. Scot., near S. coast of
Shetland. Lon. 1.43. W. Lat. 60. 13. N.
Heldburg, X. Ger., in Hildburghausen, on the
Kreck; 12 W. Coburg. Pop. 900.
Helder, fortress fa t. North Holland, at the
entrance of the Texel, to defend the harbour of
Mars Diep ; 24 N. Alcmaer. Lon 42. 34. E.
Lat 63. 2. N. Pop. 1,650.
Heldrungen, X. Pru. Merseburg, on a small
stream near foe Unstrutt; 15 W.. Querfurt, 20
N.Weimar. Lon. 11.20. E. Lat. 51. 17. N.
Pop. 1,050. There are two other towns, called
Festung Heldrungen, and Ober Heldrungen,
within a small distance.
Hele, v. Egypt, near Cairo, supposed by some
Xo be the remains of ancient Heliopolis.
Helebie, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 3 SSW. Benesuef.
Helel, (an. Alele,) X. Africa, in Sugulmessa;
40 NW. Sugulmessa.
Helena, p-t. fa cap. Phillips co. Arkansas.
Helena, now Elne, and JlfBeronisi.
Heleni,X. Abyssinia; 30 SSE. Sire.
Helenopolis, now Frankfort on the Maine.
Helesay, one ofthe smaller Scotch Hebrides.
Lon. 7. 20. W. Lat. 57. N.
Helfautgunge, X. Oude ; 24 S. Fyzabad.
Helfenberg, X. Austria ; 10 SE. Aigen.
Helflawauk, X. Visiapour ; 27 W. Sattarah.
Helford, small fishing town, Eng., in Corn
wall, on the river Hel ; 3 SW. Falmouth.
Helga, lake, Sweden, in Smaland ; 5 S. Wet
ter lake.
Helgea, r. Sweden, which runs into the Bal
tic, 10 S.- Christianstadt.
Heligoland, or Heligoland, (an. Hertha,) isl.
in the North sea, about 9 miles in circ, on the
coast of Holstein, about 28 miles from the
mouths of Weser, Elbe, andEyder; formerly

belonging to Denmark, now to Great Britain.
It is divided into Klif and Duhnen, or High and
Low Land. It produces barley and oats, but
not enough for the consumption ofthe inhabit
ants, who chiefly subsist by fishing. On the
highest part of the west klif, in Lon. 7 53. 13.
E. and Lat. 54.11. 34. N. is a light-house, which
is of great use in guiding ships amidst foe sur
rounding rocks and shoals, and also as a mark
for directing vessels to the mouths of the near
est rivers. Pop. 2,200, subsisting chiefly by
fishing and acting as pilots.
Helgom, X. Sweden, in Angermanland ; 46
NW. Hernosand.
Helgoybar, see Elgoybar.
Helia, now CasteUo-a-Maredella Brucea.
Helicon, now Zagara.
Heliopolis, see Balbec and Matarea.
Hell, (Valley of) dangerous defile, or pass,
from the Brisgaw, through the Black forest into
Swabia, E. of Friburg.
Hell, see Burrye.
Hell Skerries, cluster of small islands, Scot.,
nearW. coast; 10 W. Rum island. Lon. 6. 53.
W. Lat. 57. N.
Hellah, or Helleh, or Hillah, X. A.Turkey, in
Bagdad, on both sides of the Euphrates, with a
bridge of communication ; 35 N. Mesghid Ali,
60 S. Bagdad. Lon. 44. 13. E. Lat. 32. 28. N.
Pop. stated from 7, to 12,000. It was formerly
surrounded with a wall, which is now destroy
ed ; the gardens are covered with fruit trees,
particularly palms, so that foe town appears as
if situated in a wood. The inhabitants are
Arabs and Jews, and of bad character. The
soil of the country in foe vicinity is extremely
fertile, and the air salubrious. In the neigh
bourhood of this town are to be seen the ruins
of the once magnificent city of Babylon. See
Babylon. Helleberg, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 23 NW.
Calmar, 30 S. Wexio.
Hellefors, X. Sweden, in Nericia; 40 NNW.
Orebro. Helklands, X. Norway, in Christiansand ; 26
S. Stavanger.
Hellerbach, r. Silesia, in the principality of
Jauer, which runs into the Hatzbach, near Ro-
versdorf.. Hellespont, now Strait of Dardanelles.
Helkt Allies, X. Africa, in Kordofan. Lon.
32. 25. E. Lat. 13. 16. N.
Hellgale, or Hurlgate, narrow strait of East
river, going up to New-York, formed by the
projecting point of Long island, nearly oppo
site to Harlem ; 8 NE.' New-York. It is re
markable for its whirlpools, which make a tre
mendous roaring at certain times of the tide.
Hellingen, X. Ger., in Hildburghausen, district
of Heldburg. Pop. 593.
Hellimer, X. France, in Moselle ; 8 W. Sar*
Albe, 9 SSE. St. Avoid.
Hellin, X. Spain, in Murcia; 17 S. Chinchil-
Ia. Pop. 6,672.
Hello, X. Prussia, at the E. extremity of the
Nohe Nerung ; 12 N. Dantzic.
Helm, r. Thuringia, which runs into the Un*
strutt, 6 S. Sondershausen.
Helmanaed, X. Austria ; 8 SW. Freystadt.
Helmbrecht, t. Bav. ; 16 NE. Culmbach;,

HEL

734

HEM

Helmershausen, X. Ger., in Hesse Cassel ; 19
W. Gottingen, 22 N. Cassel. Pop. 887.
Helmershausen, X. Weimar, in Eisenach ; 8
W. Meinungen. Pop. S50.
Helmes,X. Ger.; 3 NE. Smalkalden.
Helmstadt, t. Brunswick, capital of a district,
in Wolfenbuttel; 17 E. Wolfenbuttel, 20 N.
Halberstadt. Lon. 11. 8. E. Lat. 52. 15. N.
Pop. 5,260. H. 659. It has 2 fauxbourgs, 3
churches, 3 hospitals, and a gymnasium. Here
was formerly a celebrated Protestant univer
sity, founded by duke Julius in 1576, but was
suppressed in 1809.
Halmelzheim, X. Bav. ; 4 ESE. Markt Einer
sheim. Helmont, X. Brabant, on the Aa, with an old
castle ; 13 SE. Bois le Due Pop. 2,488.
Helmsdale, r. Scot., which runs into the Ger
man ocean, 2 SW.the Ord of Caithness.
Helmsley, or Helmsley Black-a-Moor, X. Eng.,
in Yorkshire, near the Rye ; 22 N. York, 222
N. London. Lon. 0. 58. W. Lat. 54. 20. N. Pop.
1,415. Near it are the remains of a castle. The
market is on Saturday.
Helmstadt, X. Baden ; 9 SE. Wertheim. H.
220. Helmstall, X. Baden ; 14 SE. Heidelberg, 14
NW. Heilbronn. Pop. 900.
Helntts, small island of Denmark, in the Lit
tle Belt. Lon. 10. 2. E. Lat. 55. 9. N.
Helos, X. Laconia ; 12 SSE. Sparta.
Helpitch, X. Ceylon ; 8 S. Candy.
Helsing, t. Finland ; 7 N. Helsingfors.
Helsingborg, s-p. Sweden, in Schorien, on
the coast of the sound, opposite to Elsinore ; 28
NW. Lund, 50 W. Christianstadt. Lon. 12. 48.
E. Lat. 56. 3. N. Pop. 2,182. It had former
ly a strong castle, but is now a defenceless
place, with little commerce. It has, however,
manufactures of ribands, hats, and boots. Here
is a feny acro.ss the sound to Denmark.
Helsingfors, s-p. Finland, since 1819 the cap
ital of the government of Finland, on N. coast
of the gulf of Finland ; 120 E. by S. Abo. Lon.
25. 0. E. Lat. 60. 10. N. Pop. 3,142. It is situ
ated at the mouth of foe Wanna, has a very
good harbour, and considerable trade in corn,
fish, and lumber. Improvements have lately
been made in order to render it an important
naval station. It is defended by several forts,
and is considered as one of the best towns in
the province.
Helsingland,pr. Sweden, in Norland,bounded
N. by Jamtland and Medelpad, E. by the gulf
of Bothnia, S. by Gestricia, and SW. fa W. by
Dalecarlia ; about 120 miles in length, and 90
in breadth. The proportion of arable land is
small, but fertile ; the pasture lands feed great
numbers of cattle ; flax forms a principal article
of cultivation. The principal town is Hud
wickswall. Pop. 52,000. Sq. m. 4,570.
Helsingo, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 30. E. Lat. 63. 46. N.
Helsingoren, small isl. on E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia: Lon. 22. 28. E. Lat 63. 46. N.
Helsingoer, see Elsinore.
Helslone, t. Eng., in Cornwall, on the river
Loe, nearthe sea ; 12 E. Penzance, 274 WSW.
London. Lon 5. 15. W. Lat. 50. 6. N. POp.
2,297. It is a town of good trade, and one of

the places appointed for stamping tin. It sends
two members to parliament, and has a weekly
market. Helum, X. York co. Pa. Pop. 2,062.
Helver, X. Curdistan ; 10 N. Amadie.
Helvetia,0r Helvetic Republic,see Switzerland.
Helvbetsluys, s-p. fa t. S. Holland, on S. side
of the island of Voorn ; 12 W. Dort, 15 SW.
Rotterdam. Lon. 4. 8. E. Lat. 51. 50. N. Pop.
1,208. It has a good harbour, about 12 miles
from the open sea, in the middle of a large bay,
capable of holding the whole fleet of the coun
try; the town is small, but well defended with
strong fortifications ; this is the general.port for
packets from England, chiefly from the port of
Harwich. Here is a naval school.
Helwiekhead, cape, Ireland, in the county of
Waterford, on S. point ofthe entrance, into Dun-
garvanbay. Lon. 7. 33. W. Lat. 52. 2. N.
Hem, t. Holstein ; 3 S. Lunden.
Hemara, v. Africa, in Fezzan ; 10 W. Zuela.
Hemath, now Hamah.
Hembach, X. Bav., on a small river of the same
name, which runs into the Rednitz, 5 SE. Schwa
bach. Hembach, (Rednitz,) t. Bav., on foe Rednitz ;
4 SE. Schwabach.
Hemda, X. Persia, in Irak ; 80 E. Ispahan.
Hemel Hempstead, X. Eng., in Hertford, with
a corn market on Thursday, situated on the
small river Gade ; making lace, and plaiting
large straw for hats, are the chief employments
of the women and children of this part of the
country; 7 W. St Albans, 23 NW. London.
Lon. 0. 28. E. Lat. 51. 48. N. Pop. 3,240.
Hemengstede, i. Holstein ; 5 N. Meldorp. s*
Hemg, r. China, which runs into the Kinclfti,
12 E. Ma-hou, in Se-tchuen.
Hemlock, lake, in SW. part of Ontario co. N.
Y.; 12 miles long, and 1 broad; E. of Honeoy.
Hemlock, I. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,464.
Hemmau, X. Bav.; 8 E. Dietfurt, 12 W. Ratis
bon. Pop. 767.
Hemmendorf t. Han., in Calenberg, on the
Saale ; 12 E. Hameln.
Hemoroscopium, see Cape St. Martin.
Hempfield, X. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop.
3,885. Hempfield, t. Lancaster co. Pa., on SE. side
of the Susquehanna. Pop. 3,431.
Hempfield, (East,) X. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop.
1,802. Hempfield, (West,) X. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop.
1,537. Hempstead, p-t. Queen's co. N. Y., on S. side
of Long island ; 22 ESE. New York, W. 250.
Pop. 5,084. Hempstead Plains, an elevated
tract of wild savannah, 15 miles long, and 5
broad, are chiefly in this township. These plains
are naturally bare of trees : but produce heath
and some grass, and afford pasture for numerous
flocks of sheep, and herds of cattle. Hempstead
hill is 319 feet high.
Hempstead, co. Arkansas. Fop. 2,248. Chief
town, Saline.
Hems, or Horns, (an. Emesa,) X. Sjrria, on the
borders of foe Desert, on a small river which
runs into the Orontes ; 80 S. Aleppo, 180 NNE.
Jerusalem. Lon. 37. 20. E. Lat. 34.25. N. Pop.
26, or 30,000. The walls of the city are about

HEN

735

HEN

3 miles in circumference. The buildings are
very indifferent ; they are under the covert of
a large ruined castle, which is S. of the present
town ; it is built on a high round mount, en
compassed with a fosse about 20 feet deep, and
30 paces broad, over which there is a bridge of
several arches ; it is built so high that it rises a
considerable way up the side of the hill ; the top
of the hill is near half a mile in circumference,
and of an irregular figure of ten sides ; the whole
mount is faced with stone.
Hemsau, X. Bav. ; 3 N. Eltman.
Hemsbach, X. Baden; 11 NE. Manheim. Pop.
1,349. Hemsoe, small island on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 49. E. Lat. 62. 43. N.
Hemynpour, t. Hind., Gohud ; 14 SE. Calpy.
Hen and Chickens, cluster of small islands in
foe E. Indian sea. Lon. 118. 3. E. Lat 5. 30. N.
Hen and Chickens, cluster of small islands in
foe S. Pacific ocean, near the coast of New
Zealand. Lon. 185. 1. W. Lat. 35. 53. S.
Hen and Chickens, mountains, Ireland, in foe
county of Down ; 8 E. Newry.
Henanbien, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 8 NE.
Lamballe, 14 NW. Dinan.
Henares, r. Spain, which rises near Siguenca,
in Old Castile, and runs into the Xarama, 10
miles above Toledo.
Henda, small island on W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5. 7. W. Lat. 58. 23. N.
Hendaye, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees, at
the mouth of the river Bidassoa, opposite Fon-
tarabia. Hend-deire, X. Persia, Irak ; 50 SW. Com.
Henderson, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y., on E. end
of lake Ontario, on Naples or Henderson bay ;
6 S. Sacket's Harbour. 180 NW. by W. Albany.
Fop. 1,919. Henderson harbour and Naples are
2 post-villages in this township.
Henderson, X. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,073.
Henderson, co. NW. part of Ken. Pop. in
1810, 4,703 ; slaves, 1,514: Pop. in 1820,5,714.
Henderson, p-t. fa cap. Henderson co. Ken., on
foe Ohio ; 75 miles below Louisville. W. 751.
Pop. in 1810, 159. It has considerable trade in
tobacco, and contains the county buildings and
a bank. Hendersontown, p-t. fa cap. Montgomery co.
N. C, on the Yadkin ; 85 NW. Fayetteville,
W. 410.
Hendersonvilk,n-v. Nottaway co. Va.; W. 204.
Hendersonvilk,n-v. Newbury, S. C; W. 548.
Hendersonvilk, p-t. Sumner co. Tennessee, on
foe Cumberland ; 20 N. Nashville; W. 738.
Hendooa, circar, Bengal, bounded N. by
Boglipour, E. by Rajemal and Pultanabad, S.
by Birboom, and W. by Curruckpour; about 36
miles long, and 22 broad. Noony is the chief
town. _ Hendooabad, X. Hind., in Allahabad ; 21 NNW.
Jionpour. Hendu-Kesh, X. Grand Bukharia; 65 NE. Ba-
mian. Hendowne, see Hindau.
Heneagolsland, one of the Bahama islands,
about 40 miles long, and from 5 to 10 broad.
Lon. 73. W. Lat 21. 5. N.
Heneago Key, small isl. among the Bahamas.
ton. 72. 46. W. Lat 21. 40. N. I

Henfenfeld, X. Bav.; 2 SW. Hersbruck.
Henffstatl, X. Ger.; 7 SE. Meinungen.
Heng, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si ; 1,135 SSW. Peking. Lon. 108. 35. E.
Lat. 22. 36. N.
Heng, r. China, in Hou-quang, which empties
itself into a large lake, called Tong-ting.
Heng-chang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-Quang, on the river Heng ; 25 NNE. Heng-
tche. Hengersberg, X. Bavaria; 6 SE. Deckendorf,
23 NW. Passau. Pop. 710.
Heng-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Hou-Quang, on the river Heng ; 785 S. Peking.
Lon. 112. E. Lat 26. 56. N. The principal
manufacture is making paper. In foe neigh
bourhood are mines of silver, which are not
permitted to be wrought.
Hengistbury Head, cape, on S. coast of Eng
land, in the county of Hants. Lon. 1. 35. W.
Lat. 50. 42. N.
Hengstfeld, X. Wurt. ; 5 NNE. Creilsheim.
Henida, X. Persia, in Irak ; 40 SW. Gnefden.
Hening, X. Hungary ; 12 NW. Symontornya.
Henley upon Thames, X. Eng., in Oxford, on
the Thames, with a large bridge, which divides
it from Berkshire ; 23 SSE. Oxford, 35 W. Lon
don. Lon. 0. 46. W. Lat 51.32. N. Pop. 3,117.
It is a place of considerable trade to London in
malt, corn, flour, and wood, sent by barges
down the Thanies. Market on Thursday.
Henley in Arden, X. Eng., in Warwickshire,
with a weekly market on Tuesdays ; 14 S. Bir
mingham, 102 NW. London. Lon. 1, 47. W.
Lat. 52. 17. N. Pop. 1,055.
Henley-House., station or factory, Canada, on
the river Albany. Lon. 85. 6. W. Lat. 51. 14. N.
Henllan, X. North-Wales, in Denbighshire ; 3
NW. Denbigh. Pop. 1,959.
Henneberg, ci-devant co. fa principality, Ger.,
N. of Wurzburg ; about 30 miles in extent from
N. to S., and 25 from E. to W. Pop. 104,740.
Sq. m. 720. It is now divided between Prussia,
Weimar, Gotha, Meiningen, Hilburghausen, and
Hesse Cassel. The land bears corn and tobacco.
Here are some extensive forests and mountains,
with mines of copper, silver, iron, and steel,
several medicinal springs, and saltworks. The
principal rivers are the Werra, Schleuss,
Schwartza, and Felde. The inhabitants are
Lutherans. It takes its name from an ancient
castle, which was burnt by the peasants in 1525 ;
4 S. Meinungen.
Hennebon, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Morbihan, on the Blavet, which is navi.
gable for vessels of a moderate size ; 17} posts
SE. Brest, and 62| W. Paris. Lon. 3. 11. E.
Lat. 47. 49. N. Pop. 4,548. It has a considera
ble trade in corn, iron, honey, fac
Hennegau, see Hainaut.
Hennersbach, r. Saxony, in Meissen, which
joins foe Mockengrund, fa forms the Seylewitz.
' Hennersdorf t Pru. Brandenburg ; 2 SE. Tel-
tow. Hennersdorf X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 8 NNE.
Neisse. Pop. 800.
Hennersdorf bei Lauban, t Pru. Silesia, in
Liegnitz ; 5 N. by W. Lauban, 67 E. Dresden.
Pop. 3,500.
Hennersdorf (Gross,)t.Sas.,,Vp. Lusatia; 6N.

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by W. Zittau. Pop. 3,000, mostly Moravians.
Hennersdorf, or Seif Hennersdorf, X. Saxony,
in Upper Lusatia ; 3 SW. Labau. Pop. 4,300,
employed mostly in manufactures of linen and
woollen. Hennersdorf, X. Moravia, in Prerau. Pop. 2,008.
Henneveux, X. France,1n Straits-of-Calais ; 9
E. Boulogne.
Henniker, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 8 W.
Hopkinton, W. 495. Pop. 1,900.
Hennin Lietard, t. France, Straits-of-Calais ;
6 NW. Douay, 11 NNE. Arras.
Henrichau, X. Silesia, in Munsterberg ; 4 N.
Munsterberg. Henrichemont, X. France, in Cher ; 12 S. Au
bigny, 14 NNE. Bourges. Lon. 2. 36. E. Lat.
47. 18. N. Pop. 2,633.
Henrichsdorf, X. Prussia ; 5 WNW. Soldaw.
Henrichsdorf or Przezerske, X. Prussia, Culm ;
9 N. Culm.
Henrickswald, X. Prussia ; 6 WSW. Tilsit.
Henrico, co. Va., bounded N. by Hanover and
New Kent cos., E. by Charles city Co., S. by
James river, and W. by Goochland co. Pop.
in 1810, 9,945 ; slaves, 4,446. Pop. in 1820,
11,600. Chief town, Richmond.
Henrietta, p-t. Monroe co. N. Y., on E. side
of the Genesee, opposite to Riga ; 232 W. Al
bany, W. 403. Pop, 2,181.
Henry, co. S. side of Va., bounded N. by
Franklin co., E. by Pittsylvania co., S. by N. C,
and W. by Patrick co. Pop. in 1810, 5,611;
slaves, 1,755. Pop. in 1820, 5,624. Chief town,
Martinsville. Henry, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio. Pop.
in 1810, 6,777; slaves, 1,137. Pop. in 1820,
10,816., Chief town, Newcastle.
. Henry, co. Alabama.- Pop. 2,638.
Henshaw's Town, X. Africa, in Calbari. Lon.
7. 52. E. Lat. 5. 27. N.
Hensin, X. Luxemburg ; 12 ENE. Bastogne.
Henskem, X. Prussia ; 7 NNE. Gumbinnen.
Hepha, now Caip\ia.
Hephestias, now Cochino.
Heppach, v. Wurtemberg, celebrated for its
wine ; 8 SE. Stuttgart.
Heppenheim, X. Hesse, on the Bergstrass ; 10
E. Worms, 16 NNW. Heidelberg. Pop. 3,190.
Heppenheim, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine, on
theWies; 4 SE. Worms, 14 NNE. Manheim.
Pop. 1,050.
Hepsey, r. Wales, which runs into the Neath,
in Brecknock.
Heptonstall, X. Eng., in foe West Riding of
Yorkshire ; 6 W. Halifax. Pop. 3,647.
Her, (El,) t. desert of Syria ; 18 E. Taibeh.
Hera, mt. Arabia, whither Mahomet often re
tired before he appeared to the world as a pro
phet; 3 miles from Mecca.
Heraclea, see Erekli, Eraklea, and Maadie.
Heraclea Trichinia, now Zeiton.
Heracleopolis, now Sethron.
Heraclias, isl, in the Grecian Archipelago,
about 8 miles in circumference ; 5 S. Naxia.
Lon. 25. 29. E. Lat. 36. 49, N.
Heraa, now Agiano,
Herakli, (an. Heraclea,) X. Eu. Terkey, in Ro
mania; 45 WSW. Constantinople. Lon. 27.
65. E. Lat. 41. 1. N. Fop. 7,000. In this town
are the ruins of an amphitheatre, built by the

emperor Severus. It is situated on the N, coftst
of the sea of Marmora. It is the see of a Greek
archbishop. Herakra, X. Sweden, in Smaland; 15 E.
Wexio, 30 NW. Calmar.
Herapour, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 35 NE. Chan*
dore. Herat, (an. Aria, or Arlacoana,) city, Chora
san, Persia, now constituting foe western fron
tier of Cabulistan. Lon. 60. 50. E. Lat. 34.30..
N. Pop. about 100,000. It is situated on a ri
ver of the same name, surrounded with walls
and ditches, and defended by an old castle.
It is a very ancient city, and was in the zenith ,
of its splendour at the end of the 15th and the
beginning of the 16th century ; and the Persian
historians are diffuse in the description of its
palaces, caravansaries, mosques, gardens, fafc.
It is now held as a viceroyalty by one of foe
sons or brothers ofthe king of Cabulistan, and
has an extensive manufacture of carpets. —
The neighbouring countiy produces excellent
fruit ; and roses are in such plenty, that it
obtained the name of Sargultzar, or City of
Roses. Heray, t. Africa, Foulahs ; 40 ENE. Tor.
Herat, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian
sea, near Zaweh.
Herault, r. France, which rises in the Seven-
nes mountain, and runs into the Mediterranean,
a little below Agde. Lon. 3. 40. E. Lat. 43.
18. N.
Herault, dep. France, bounded N. by Tarn
and Aveiron, NE. by Gard, SE. by the Medi-,
terranean, SW. by Aude, and W. by Tarn. It
takes its name from the river so called, which
crosses it from N. to S. nearly in«the centre. —
It is divided into 4 arrondissements, Montpel
lier, the capital, Lodeve, St. Pons, and Beziers.
Sq. m. 2,828. Pop. 301,099. Reformed, 50,000.
Herba, X. Africa, Sahara ; 50 SE. Gardcia.
Herba, X. Algiers ; 40 SSW. Algiers.
Herba, (El,) X. in west province of Algiers,
near the Shelliff ; 62 SW. Algiers. Here are
several ancient ruins, particularly some marble
pillars, with the capitals defaced, and several
coffins. Herbalmara, X. Arabia, in Hadramaut; 148
S. Amanzirifdin.
Herbault, X. France, in Loir-and-Cher ; 8 W.
Blois. Pop. 5,69.
Herbe, X. Italy, in Verona ; 15 S. Verona.
Herbede, X. Pru., Mark ; 2 ENE. Blackenstein.
Herbemont, X. Luxemburg, on a mountain
near the Semoy ; 20 W. Arlon.
Herbergen, X. Semigallia; 20 SW. Seelburg.
Herberstein, X. Stiria ; 5 W. Hardeburg.
Herbiers,(La,) X. France, in Vendee ; 7 SSW.
Montagne,'13 SE. Montaigu. Pop. 1,910.
Herbignac, t.France, in Lower-Loire ; 9 NE,
Guerande. Pop. 2,755.
Herbita, see Nicosia.
Herbolzheim, X. Baden, in the Brisgau, near
the Rhine ; 14 NNW. Friburg. Pop. 1,746.
Herborn, X. Ger., in Nassau,, with a castle, on
the Dille ; 3 SSE. Dillenburg. Lon. 26. E. Lat.
50. 34. N. Pop. 2,500. Here is a celebrated!
Calvinist high school founded in 1584, with
the privileges of a university. It has 8 ordinary,
and 2 extraordinary professors. Here is also

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an academy with 4 teachers. The cfiief trade
is forging and making iron.
Herbram, X. Pru. Minden ; 4 SW. Dringen
berg. Herbrechtingen, X. Wurt; 50 S. by E. Stutt
gard. Pop. 1,500.
Herbsleben, t. Gotha; 9 NE. Gotha. Pop
1,500 Herbstein, X. Hesse, in Upper Hesse ; 13 W
Fulda, 26 ESE. Marpurg. Pop. 900.
Hercajada, X. Spain, in Leon ; 30 W. Avila.
Herck, t Neth. Limburg ; 23 NW. Maestricht.
Fop. 1,520.
Herculaneum, p-t fa cap. Jefferson co. Mis
souri, on W. bank of the Mississippi, 30 miles
above St. Genevieve, 29 S. St. Louis, 35 NE.
Potosi, W. 909. It contains a court house, a
jail, and about 40 houses. Here is a warehouse
for storing lead and merchandise ; and near foe
town are 3 shot towers, where shot is manfac-
tured by letting it fall down foe banks of the
Mississippi, which are high and formed of lime
stone. The exports, for a period of 18 months,
ending June, 1818, consisting of lead, shot,
boards, flour, whiskey, gunpowder, fac, amount
ed to #353,681,87. About one half of the lead
obtained from the lead mines of Missouri, has,
for several years past, been exported from this
place. The annual quantity exported in the
years 1817 and 1818, amounted to about
2,000,000 lbs.
Herculaneum, ancient city, Naples, near
where Portici now stands ; 5 E. by S. Naples.
It was totally overwhelmed by an eruption of
mount Vesuvius, A. D. 79, in the beginning of
the reign of the emperor Titus, being buried
under volcanic substances to a depth of 70
feet. In the years 1689andl711, upon digging
in these parts, something of this city was discov
ered. In the year 1738^ fresh attempts began
to be made, and. since that time a prodigious
number of ancient monuments of every kind
have been discovered, such as basilica, 2 tem
ples, a theatre, paintings, statues, bustos, furni
ture, and utensils; whole streets have been
cleared, and are found to be paved and flagged
on both sides. The relics are found in a sur
prising state of preservation, and afford a good
idea of the manners of the age, and improve
ment in the arts. The statues, vases, tripods,
and lamps are often of the finest workmanship,
being much superior to the pictures. The re
lics, which have lately excited the greatest in
terest, are the manuscripts ; chiefly in Greek,
but part also in Latin. The number of manu
scripts and fragments originally brought to the
museum of Portici, was 1,696; of which, ac
cording to a report published by sir Humphrev
Davy in 1819, 88 had been unrolled, and found
legible; 319 found illegible; 1,265 not then
operated upon. — See Pompeii. ¦
Hercukum Fretum, now Straits of Gibraltar.
Herculis Partus, now Leghorn.
Herculis Cosani Portus, now Porto Hercole.
Hercyna, r. Greece, in Baeotia, with 2 sources
issuing from a rock near the ancient cave of
Trophonius. To the larger stream, having a
muddy appearance and tror.bled current, the
ancients gave the name of Lethe, or Oblivion ;
to the other that of Mnemosyne or Memory.
Vol. I. 93

Herdal, x. Sweden, in Harjedalen ; 38 SE.
Langaschants. Herdegsen, t. Han.; 10 NW- Gottingen.
Herdicke, or Marien Herdicke, t. Pru. Arens
berg, on the Ruhr; 4 SW. Schwertc. Fop. 1,370.
Herdin, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 6 SE.
Trautenau. Herdola, X. Finland ; 30 ESE. Jamsio.
Hereford, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,431.
Hereford, p-v. Baltimore co. Md. ; W. 55.
Hereford, city, Eng., on foe river Wye, near
the centre of the county to which it gives
name ; 28 WSW. Worcester, 30 NW. Glouces
ter, 130 W. London. Lon. 2. 31. W. Lat 52. 6.
N. Pop. 7,306. It has a pleasant situation,
with beautiful environs, and contains a Cathe
dral, 3 parish churches, chapels for Presbyteri
ans, Catholics, Methodists, and Quakers ; jail,
guild-hall, a free grammar school, a theatre,
several hospitals, fac The streets are wide,
and the houses well built, but the trade is not
considerable. It sends 2 members to parlia
ment. Herefordshire, co. England, bounded N. by
Shropshire, E. by Worcestershire and Glouces
tershire, S. by Monmouthshire, and W. by the
Welsh counties of Brecon and Radnor. The
form is nearly circular, the mean length about
37 miles, and the breadth 33. Sq. m. 970. Fop.
94,073; 12,700 families employed in agricul
ture, 5,043 in trade, 2,438 otherwise. It is di
vided into 11 hundreds, which contain one city,
Hereford ; 6 market-towns, and 176 parishes.
The climate is mild, and the land generally fer
tile ; the face of foe country is rich, beautiful,
and picturesque. Its breed of cattle are ac
counted the first in England ; its meadows very
excellent. Herem Medaii il Hebgad, (El,) I. Egypt ; 30
W. Fayoum.
Heren, (an. Haran, and Charran, and Carra,)
X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, about 70 miles from
the Euphrates; 20 E. Ourfa. Lon. 38. 48. E.
Lat. 36. 42. N. This city is known in scripture
as the country of Laban, the father of Leah.
and Rachel, wives of the patriarch Jacob. It
is there called Haran, but at present the Arabs
name it Charon, and the Europeans Heren. It
is now inhabited by only a few Arabs. This
city was formerly famous, because Crassus re
tired hither after bis defeat by the Parlhians,
and it was not far from it that he was killed.
Herencia, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 40 SE.
Toledo. Hcrenditz, X. Croatia ; 6 SW. Carlstadt.
Herenscarpel, v. Holland ; 7 N. Alcmaer.
Herentals, X. Neth., in Antwerp, surrounded
with walls in 1400; 16 NE. Malines, 16 E. Ant
werp. Pop. 2,943.
Herford, or Hervorden, X. Pru. Minden, on the
Werra and Aa, which divide it into 3 parts ; 10
ENE. Ravensberg. Lon. 8. 25. E. Lat. 52. 8. N.
Pop. 5,017. It contains 3 Lutheran churches,
1 Calvinist, 1 Catholic, 3 hospitals, and a gym
nasium. It was formerly imperial, is defended
by a moat and wall, ami has a large manufac
tory of cotton thread and of linen. Here were
formerly an abbey and convent, secularised in
1804 ; also a commandery of the order of St.
John.— Native, Mailer.

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Hergest's Islands, isls. in the Pacific ocean.
They are Sir Henry Martin island, Berri's isl
and, Trevenen's island, Robert's, and Hergest's
rocks. Hergest's Rocks, two rocky islets in the Pacif
ic ocean. Lon. 219. 42. E. Lat. 7. 38. S.
Hergolshausen, X. Bav. ; 7 S. Sfihweinfurt.
Hergolzheim, X. Bav. ; 3 SSW. Schweinfurt.
Hergrunt, X. Upper Hungary. Lon. 18. 15.
E. Lat. 48. 30. N. It is remarkable for its mines
of vitriol.
Heri, small island in E. Indian sea ; 3 NW.
Ternate. Lon. 127. 8. E. Lat. 0. 54. N.
Heri-rud, (an. Arius,) r. Persia, which rises
near Herat, arid loses itself in the earth near
Seraks. Hericourt, X. France, in Upper-Sa6ne ; 12 SE.
Lure, 23 E. Vesoul. Lon. 6. 49. E. Lat. 47. 34.
N. Pop. 1,482.
Hericy, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, on
the Seine; 5 NE. Fontainbleau.
Heringen, X. Hesse, district of Friedwald, on
the Werra. Pop. 964.
Herinnes, X. Neth., in S. Brabant; 17 W. Ni-
velles. Pop. 3,309. '
. Herisau, t. Switz., in Appenzell, capital of foe
part styled the Outer Rood; 7 SW. St. Gall, 10
NW. Appenzell. Pop. 6,500. It is said to have
been known to the Romans, and the first place
in Switzerland which embraced Christianity.
The inhabitants are industrious, and manufac
ture linen and muslins, remarkable for their
fineness. It has 4 yearly fairs.
Herisson, X. France, in Allier ; 6 SW. Cerilly.
15 NW. Montmaraut Pop. 713.
Heristal, see Hersta.
Herjedalen, district, in the north of Sweden,
now included in the gov. Gefleborg, chiefly co
vered with wood. Pop. 4,000. Sq. m. 3,200.
Herk, r. Netherlands, which runs into the
Demer, near Halen.
Herkimer, co. central part of N. Y., bounded
N. by St. Lawrence co., E. by Hamilton co., S.
by Otsego co., and W. by Oneida and Lewis
cos. Pop. in 1810, 22,046 ; in 1820, 31,017.
Herkimer, p-t. fa cap. Herkimer co. N. Y., on
N. side of the Mohawk ; 20 E. Utica, 7S W.
Albany, W. 467. Pop. 3,055. The principal
village is situated at a little distance from the
entrance of West Canada creek into the Mo
hawk, and contains a court house, a jail, a
printing office, and a meeting house. Little
Flats, another considerable village, is 7 miles
west. Herkla, or Heraclea, s-p. Africa, on E. coast
of Tunis ; called Heraclea, in the Lower em
pire,, in honour of Heraclius; Justiniana, in
honour of Justinian ; and before that, Adrame-
turn ; 45 S. Tunis. Lon. 10. 24. E. Lat. 36. N.
It was built on a promontory, two-leagues SE.
from a morass; about a mile in circumference,
and from the appearance of its ruins, seems to
have been important, rather than large or beau
tiful. Herle, X. Limburg ; 6 ENE. Fauquemont
Herlingen, X. Wurt. ; 4 NW. Ulm.
Herlisheim, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 5 S.
Colmar. Pop. 867.
Herlit, X. Nubia; 30 S. Moscho.
Herm, (L'J X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 6
SW. Muret.

Hernial, t Neth., near the Meuse ; 3 SSW
Viset. Herman Miestiz, X. Bohemia, In Chrudim,
near which are quarries of different coloured
marble ; 3 W. Chrudim.
Hermance, t. Savoy, on the coast of the lake
of Geneva ; 7 NNE. Geneva.
Hermance, r. Savoy, which runs into the lake
of Geneva, at the town of the same name.
Hermanos, two small islands among the Phi
lippines, about 30 E. Mindoro. Lon. 121. 42. E
Lat. 13. 6. N.
Hermansburg, t. Han., in Luneburg Zelle;
15 N. Zelle. Pop. 392.
Hermansfeld, X. Ger. ; 5 SW. Meinungen.
Hermansladt, t. Aust Silesia, in Troppau.
Pop. 1,997.
Hermansladt, or Szeben, (an. Cibinium, or
Hermanopolis,) city, Transylvania, capital of,
the division settled by Saxons, on the Szeben ;
147 NE. Belgrade; 300 SE. Vienna. Lon. 23.
50. E. Lat. 46. 0. N. Pop. 16,000. H. 2,200. It
contains 4 Lutheran churches, 3 Catholic, 1
Calvinist, 1 Greek, a university with the na
tional archives, a gymnasium with a library of
5,000 vols., another libraiy of 15,000 vols. ; and
some other seminaries. The streets are narrow
and crooked. Its chief manufacture is soap
and candles. It is fortified with a double wall,
and a deep moat ; it is situated on the side of
the Szeben, which soon after runs into the
Aluta. Hermanstadt, or Herzman-Mierstecz, t. Bohe
mia; 3 W. Chrudim. Pop. 1,770.
Hermanstein, see Ehrenbreitsein.
Hermansfeld, X. Ger. ; 5 SW. Meinungen.
Hermanst, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 34
WNW. Adrianople.
Hermas, or Athuali, (an. Mygdonius,) r. A.
Turkey, which rises near Nisibin, and runs into
Khabur, at Al Naharaim.
Hermata, km. of Borneo, with a town of the
same name, situated near the sea coast.
Hermbach, X. Westphalia ; 17 S. Juliers.
Hermbsdorf X. Silesia, Neisse ; 2 NW. Wey-
denau. Hermenaw, t. Prussia ; 9 N. Bischofswerder.
Hermenaull, (V,) X. France, in Vendee ; 4
NW. Fontenay-le-Comte. Pop. 746.
Hermensdorf t. Prussia ; 10 E. Holland.
Herment, t. France, Puy-de-D6me ; 8 WSW.
Riom, 21 W. Clermont.
Hermelra, one ofthe smaller Western islands
of Scotland, a little NE. North Uist. Lon. 7. 3.
W. Lat. 57. 38. N.
Hermeville, t. France, in Meuse ; 2 SW. Es
tate ; 7 ENE. Verdun.
Herminius Mons, now Serra de Estrelle.
Hermione, now Caslri.
Hermitage, p-v. Prince Edward co. Va. ; W.
228. Hermitage, (L\) hill of France, on the side
of the Rhone, celebrated for the wine made
from its vineyards, opposite Tournon.
Hermit's Bay, bay on the island of St. Chris
topher, on N. coast, a little S. Madan's point.
Hermile's Islands, group of islands of unequal
extent, situated before Nassau bay, at S. ex
tremity of Terra del Fuego.
Hermo, or Bcram, t. Istria; 28 S. Trieste.

HER
Herman, X. Penobscot co. Maine, on W. side
of Bangor. Pop. 266.
Herman, mf. Palestine ; the S. spur of Anti-
Libanus. It is usually covered with snow, and
is 8,949 feet above foe level of the sea; 40 E.
Tyre. Hermonlhris, now Arment.
Hermonville, t. France, in Marne, with a me
dicinal spring ; 7 miles from Reims.
Ilermopolis, see Ashmunein, and Demenliur.
Hermosello, X. Spain, in Leon, at the conflux
of the Duero and foe Tormes ; 9 miles below
Miranda de Duero,
Hermsdorf, X. Pru. Silesia, iri Reichenbach ;
4 S. Landshut. Pop. 1,287.
Hermsdorf, X. Bohemia, Koniginsgratz. H.216.
Hermus, now Sarabat.
Hem Island, small isl. on W. coast of Africa,
at mouth of the Rio del Oro. Lat. 23. 35. N.
Herndorf t. Bav. ; 3 SW. Burg Eberach.
Herngrund, or Herrengrund, X. Hungary, sit
uated among mountains, in the midst of exten
sive mines Of copper, in which the inhabitants
are chiefly employed ; 4 NNW. Neusol.
Hernhutt, see Herrnlmt.
htirnosond, or Hernosund, s-p. Sweden, An-
germ'arinland, capital of a government compris
ing the provinces of Angermannland, Jempt-
land, and Medelpad, on an island in the gulf of
Bothnia, divided from the continent by a nar
row channel, over which a bridge is thrown.
Lon. 17. 43. E. Lat. 62. 38. N. Pop. 1,780,
Bp. see. It has a small college with 7 teachers
and 60 or 70 students, an establishment for
printing books iri foe Laponic tongue, and a
botanic garden. It has a good harbour, and
was form'erly a staple town, and has still a con
siderable trade, especially in linen. Pop. ofthe
government 89,947*. Sq. m. 18;282.
Hernsbdch, X. Bav. ; 3 N. Burg Eberach.
Herbdium, ancient palace, Palestine ; 7 SE.
Jerusalem. Heron Crteiy creek, Mriss., W. of Cape Mala
bar. Heroopolis, see Adjerud.
Herpldsberg, t. Bav., in Rezat ; 7 NNE. Nu
remberg, 8 SSE. Erlang. Pop.'520.
Herring Bay, bay, Md., on W. side Of the
Chesapeake; 15 S. Annapolis.
Heron Island, small isl. in. the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of Florida. Lon. 88. 8. W. Lat.
30. 17. N.
Herowra, t. Hind., in' Oude; 17 S. Kairabad.
Herpet, X. Carnatic ; 20 N. Bomrauzepollam.
Herpjf X. Ger. ; 4 W. Meinungen.
Herpff, r. Ger., which rises in Henneberg,
and runs into the Werra, 2 N. Meinungen.
Herqui, or Erqui, v. France, in North Coasts,
with a small harbour in' foe English channel,
near a cape called The Point of Herqui, which
forms a bay; 14ENE. St.Brieuc, 18 W. St. Malo.
Herradura, s-p. Spain, between Motril and
Velez Malaga.
HerradUra, t. Chili ; 5 SW. Coquimbo.
Herradura, r. Guatimala, which runs into the
Pacific ocean: Lat, 9. 30. N„
Herrpgovina, see Herzgovind.
Herrenberg, t. Wurtemberg ; 14 SSE. Stutt
gard, 24 NE, Freudenstadt. Pop. 1,866.
HerfenbreitUngen, X. Hesse Cassel, on the
Werra; 20 W. Smalkalden. Pop. 676.

739

HER

Herrera, X. Spain, in Old Castile; 32 NNW'.
Burgos. Herrieden, or Hasenried, X. Bavaria, in Rezat,
on the Altmuhl; 5 SW. Anspach, 12 NNE-
Dinkelsbuhl. Lon. 10. 30. E. Lat. 49. 17. N.
Pop. 800.
Herriot, X. Scot, in the county of Edinburgh ;
10 S. Dalkeith.
Herrnlieim, X. Bav. ; 6 S. Kitzingen.
Herring Bay, bay, Md., W. side ofthe Chesa
peake ; 15 SI Annapolis.
Herrn Dierbaeh, X. Wurt; 7 S. Weickcr-
sheim. Herrn Zimmern, X. Wurt. ; 2 S. WeTcnersheim\
Hcrrnhut, X. Saxony, in Lusatia ; 6 S. Lobau,
6N. ZitteU. Pop. 1,500. It is situated at the
foot of Hufoerg mountain, and is 1,054 feet
above the sea. It was built by count Zinzen-
dorf, in 1722, for the use of the Moravian breth
ren, and it afterwards became the metropolis
and centre of that remarkable sect of Chris
tians, who, from this town, are often called
Herrnhutters. It has a great variety of manu
factures. The objects of curiosity are foe ob
servatory and burial ground on a neighbouring
hill. Herrnhult, (New,) Moravian town or settle
ment in Greenland.
Hermsheim, X. Hesse ; 3 NNW. Worms. Pop,
1,160. Hermwerth, or Herrn Chiemsee, X. Bavaria;
10 W. Traunstein, 27 W. Salzburg. Bp. see.
Hermstadt, X. Silesia, in Wolau; 14 N. Wo-
lau, 25 E. Glogau. Lon. 16. 43. E. Lat 51. 33.
N. Pop. 1,488.
Herrsbruck, t. Bav., in Rezat, on the Preg-
nitz, and containing about 226 houses ; 8 SSW.
Velden, 15 K. Nuremberg. Lon. 11. 24. E. Lat.
49. 28. N. Pop. 1,591.
Herstein, t. Pru. Treves ; 22 W. Creutznach.
Pop. 408.
Herschede, X. Pru. Arensberg; '6 SE. ,Luns-
Herschfeld, X. Bav., 6 N. Geroltzhofen.
Hersfeld, or Hirchfeld, X. Hesse Cassel, capi
tal of a province of the same name ; 32 SSE.
Cassel, 50 W. Erfurt. Lon. 9. 40. E. Lat. 50.
53. N. Pop. 5,222. H. 433. It is surrounded.
with walls, flanked with towers, and contains 2
churches, a hospital, a library, and a distin
guished Calvinistic gymnasium, the best regu
lated in Hesse Cassel. — Pop. of the province
22,800, mostly Calvinists. Sq. m. 170.
Hersfeld, X. Bav. ; 3 NNE. Neustadt.
Hersin, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 6 S.
Bethune. Hersou touka, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 124.
29. E. Lat. 43. 26. N.
Herstal, or Heristjal, X. Neth., Liege, on the
Meuse, with a castle, which belonged to Pepin,
father to Charles Martel ; 4 N. Liege. Pop. 4,7 10.
Herslelle, X. Pru. Minden, on the Weser; 11
ENE. Warburg. Fop. 748.
Hersthal, t. Ger. ; 3 N. Smalkalden.
Hertford, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
6,052 ; slaves 2,805. Pop. in 1820, 7,712. Chief
town, Winton.
Hertford, p-t. fa cap. Perquimans co. N. C„
on Perquimans river; 15 NNE. Edenton, W.303.
Hertford, X. Eng., and capital of the county

HER

740

HES

to which it gives name, situated on the river
Lea, which is navigable from the Thames ; 21
N. London. Lon. 0. 4. W. Lat. 51. 48. N. Pop.
3,900. There were formerly 5 churches, but
now only 2, with places of worship for Dissen
ters and Quakers. It has a large school for the
younger children belonging to Christ's hospital
in London, and markets on Thursday and Sat
urday ; and returns 2 members to parliament.
The assizes for the county are held here, as
likewise the quarter-sessions and county courts.
At the distance of 2£ m. on the road to Lon
don, is'fhe East India College, founded in 1806,
to cooperate with the college at Calcutta, in
training young men for the service of the East
India company. The building is finely situated,
large, elegant, and capable of accommodating
100 students, haying cost £70,000. About 30
students, on an average, are annually drawn off
for the civil service. The students are instructed
by lectures, arranged under 4 heads, 1. oriental
literature, 2. mathematics, 3. classical and gen
eral literature, 4. history, political economy,
English constitution and laws. In each depart
ment are 2 professors. The principal teaches
the students in naturaf and revealed religion.
Hertfordshire, co. Eng., bounded N. by Bed
fordshire, and Cambridgeshire, E. by Essex, S.
by Middlesex, and W. by Buckinghamshire and
Bedfordshire. The shape is very irregular, on
account pf foe projections and intersections of
other counties, and measures about 27 miles
from N. to S. and 33 from E. to W- Sq. m.530.
Pop. 111,654 ; 12,000 families engaged in agri
culture, 7,200 in trade and manufactures, 3,444
otherwise. It contains 19 market towns, (Hert
ford, St. Albans, Ware, Royston, fac.) 135 par
ishes. The soil is naturally barren, but in a high
state of cultivation, arid covered with beautiful
villas and countiy seats.
Herlges, X. Ger. ; 5 NNW. Smalkalden.
Hertha, now Heligoland.
Hertil, X. Nubia, on the left bank of the Nile ;
12 S. Moscho.
Hertogeribosch, see Bois-le-Duc.
Herlwigswald, t. Silesia, in Neisse ; 4 NNW.
Patschkau. Hertzberg, or Hirzberg, X. Pru. Mcrseberg, on
the Elster ; 24 SE. Wittenberg, 46 S. Potsdam.
Lon. 13. 15. E. Lat. 51. 42. N. Pop. 1,963.
Hertzberg, X. Pomerelia ; 11 SE. Dantzic.
Herlzfeld, t.Pru. Munster; 5 SSW. Stromberg.
Hertzholm, see Hertzholmen.
Hertzhorn, X. Holstein ; 4 Gluckstadt.
Herlzogenburg, X. Austria ; 4 N. St. Polten, 9
SE. Mauttern. H. 166.
Herlzogs Hraben, r. Silesia, which rises near
Obisch, and runs into the river Schwartwasser,
in Glogau.
Herlzogslorff, X. Austria; 13 SSE. Aigen.
Hertzogwalde, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 3 N. Grotkau.
Hertzowalt, t. Prussia ; 9 NE. Bischofswerder.
Hene, X. Neth., in Liege ; 8 NW. Limburg,
11 SE. Liege. Pop. 3,353.
Hervey's Bay, large bay on NE. coast of New
Holland, between Sandy Cape and South Head.
Lon. 152. 35. W. Lat. 24. 40. S.
Hervey's Point, cape on N. coast of the island
of Egmont, or New Guernsey. Lon. 164. 5. E.
Lat. 10. 42. S.

Hervey's Island, see Harvey's Island.
Henorden, see Herford.
Herwigsdorf X. Saxony, in Lusatia ; 3 NW.
Zittau. Pop. 1,700.
Herxheim, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 9
SE. Landau. Pop. 2,158.
Hery, X. France, in Yonne ; 8 N. Auxerre.
Herzberg, X. Han., in Gottingen, on foe Sie-
ber, near the Hartz mountain, with manufac
tures of arms and iron tools; 14 S. Goslar.
Pop. 3,509.
Herzenheim, X. France, in Lower Rhine ; 5
E. Landau. Pop. 2,158.
Herzegovina, an extensive tract of country, in
Dalmatia, extending along the Adriatic, from
Lat. 43. to 44. 20. N. The southern and larger
portion belongs to the Turks, the rest to the
Austrians. Chief town, Moster.
Herzman, see Hermonstadt.
Herzogenaurach, X. Bav., on the Aurach ; 6
SW. Erlangen. Pop. 1,000.
Herzogenbosch, see Bois le Due.
Herzogswdlde, X. Silesia ; 10 NW. Sagan .
Pop. M00.
Hesautta, X. Bengal ; 24 N. Toree.
Hesbon, (an. Heshbon,) X. Palestine ; 20 E. of
the Jordan ; 35 E. Jerusalem. It was the chief
city of the Amorites.
Hesdin, X. France, seat of a tribunal, Straits-
of-Cafais, on the Canchc, built in the form of a
regular hexagon, strongly fortified, and almost
surrounded with marshes ; 12 SE. Montreuil,
27 W. Arras. Lon. 2. 7. E. Lat. 50. 22. N. Pop.
3,792. Hesdin, (Old,) t.France, in Straits-of-Calais ;
3 SE. Hesdin.
Hesdr-asp, X. Charasm ; 150 SSE. Erkonje.
Heselichi, X. Prussia; 12 N. Soldau.
Hesivon, X. Egypt;. 22 SSW. Cairo.
Hesn, X. A. Turkey, Diarbekir ; 40 W. Tecrifc
Hesn Daghi, fort, A. Turkey, in Caramania ;
26 SSW. Kaisarieh.
Hesn Dharie, X. Arabia, Nedsjed; 140 ENE.
Mecca. Hesn Keifa, (an. Cepha,) X. A. Turkey, Diar
bekir ; 30 ESE. Diarbekir.
Hesn Mohdi, X. Persia, in Chusistan, at the
mouth of the Euphrates ; 55 E. Bassora.
Hesn Rdtrik, X. A. Turkey, in Marasch ; 25 N
Malatia. Hesn Tchelcbi, X. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 40 S. Sivas.
Hcmal-mai, small isl. fa village, Egypt, in the
lake of Tennis ; 25 NW. Tineh.
Heme, r. France, which runs into the Scheldt,
near Conde.
Hesperia, ancient name of Italy, and of Spain.
Hesperis, now Bingazi.
Hesperides, see Bissagos.
Hespres, r. France, which runs into the Sam-
bre, 5 miles below Landrecy.
Hespyn, i. Wales, which runs into foe Cluyd,
2 S. Ruthyn, in foe county of Denbigh.
Hess, (El,) X. Nubia ; 60 S. Sennaar.
Hessa, isl. in the Nile ; 10 S. Syene.
Hesse Cassel, or Churhessia, electorate, Ger.,
lying S. ofthe Prussian territories and Hanover,
E. of the Prussian territories, Nassau and Hesse
Darmstadt, N. of Bavaria. The territory is of
irregular form, and the province of Smalkalden
is entirely detached from foe other parts.

HES

741

HEV

'Provinces. Sq.m. Pop. Capitals.
Lower Hesse  l,873....248,205....Cassel
Upper Hesse  562  58,3I9....Marburg
Fritzlar  132  15,228....Fritzlar
Hersfeld  170......20,800....Hersfeld
Ziegenhagen  222  27,992....Ziegenhagen
Fulda.  619  63,200....Fulda
Isenburg  137  16,200....Meerholz
Hanau  ....466  73,800....Hanau
Smalkalden  138  2I,953....SmalkaIden
4,410 545,697
Cassel is the capital, but Hanau is the prin
cipal trading town.— The sovereign is styled
elector of Hesse and grand duke of Fulda. The
government is a limited monarchy. The inhab
itants are composed of about 320,000 Reform
ed, 142,000 Lutherans, 73,000 Catholics, 9,000
Jews, and 230 Mennonists. — There is a univer
sity at Marburg, lyceums at Cassel and Fulda,
and other seminaries elsewhere ; but the Hes
sians are inferior to the Saxons in education.
The surface is hilly and in some parts moun
tainous ; the soil not generally very fertile ex
cept in the province of Hanau, where it is rich,
and the climate kindly. The productions are
grain, potatoes, some hemp, flax, tobacco, and
vines. The pasturage is generally good, and
wood abundant. — The minerals are copper,
silver, cobalt, iron, salt, vitriol, alum, pit coal,
marble, and basalt — The principal rivers are
foe Werra, Fulda, Diemel, Maine, Edder, Kin-
zig, Schwalm, and Lahn.
Hesse, or Hesse Darmstadt, grand duchy, Ger.,
divided info two distinct parts, which are sepa
rated from each other by along stripe of land,
extending along foe north side of the Maine.
The northern division, called Upper Hesse is
nearly surrounded by Hesse Cassel and Nassau ;
the southern lies on the south side ofthe Maine,
and on both'sides of the Rhine. Pop. accord
ing to the official statement of 1818, 619,500.
Divisions. Sq. m. Pop. Capitals.
Upper Hesse  1,929  250,000  Giessen
Starkenburg  1,060  197,000.....Darmstadt
Rhine province ...1,023  155,000.. ..Mentz
4,012 602,000
Darmstadt is the capital ; Mentz the largest
town ; other towns, Giessen, Worms, and Bin
gen. The inhabitants are mostly Lutherans,
with a considerable number of Catholics and
Calvinists, and some Anabaptists. — The govern
ment is a limited monarchy. — There is a univer
sity at Giessen, and classical schools at Mentz,
Giessen, Worms, and Darmstadt.
The surface is generally hilly or mountain
ous ; the soil in many parts poor, but in the
valleys fertile ; and pasturage generally good.
The principal productions are grain, potatoes,
flax, tobacco, fruits, and vegetables ; and vines
along the banks of the Rhine and Maine.— It
produces considerable iron, copper, lead, and
salt. — The climate is generally healthy, and
the situation on the Rhine and Maine favour
able to trade.
Hesse- Homburg, principality, Ger., at the foot
of the Taurus mountains, 7 or 8 miles N.
Frankfort on the Maine, with the title of Land
grave, belonging to a younger branch of the

family of Hesse Darmstadt. Sq. m. 20. Fop,
6,826. The congress of Vienna, in 1815, gave
to the prince the district of Meissenheim, on
the west of the Rhine, containing 10,136 inhab
itants, and 8 sq. m. He has also some other
small districts. The total population of his
territories was stated, in 1818, at 20,000. His
residence is at Homburg. The religion of the
family is the Calvinist
Hessel, X. Neth., in Guelders ; 5 E. Bommel.
Hessel, r. Ger., which rises near Ravensberg,
and runs into the Embs, 3 W. Sassenberg.
Hesselberg, mt. Bav.; 3NW. Wassertrudingen.
Hessen, t. Brunswick; 14 NW. Halberstadt.
Pop. 1,300.
Hesserah,X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 10 E.
Carmullah. Hessigheim, t. Wurt. ; 3 E. Besigheim.
Hester, X. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 25 SW,
Linkioping. Hestra, X. Sweden, Smaland; 55 W. Wexio.
Hestoe, one of the small Faro islands ; 6 N.
Sandoe. Heslrum, r. France, which runs into thaSarn-
bre, 7 mites below Maubeuge.
Hesudrus, now Setledge.
Hetsin, or Elsin, X. Corea, in Tchu-sin ; 95 S.
King-kitao. Lon. 126. 54. E. Eat. 36. 47. N.
Hetlange, X. France, in Moselle ; 3 NW. Thi-
onville, 6 SW. Rodemack.
Heltesdorf X. Ger. ; 2 N. Nieuwied.
Hetlingen, t. Ger., in Hohenzollern-Sigma.
ringen ; 9 N. Sigmaringen. Pop. 570.
Hettowra, X. Nepaul, on the Rapti, at the foot
of a mountain. Lon. 85. 22. E. Lat. 27. 14. N.
It is a commercial mart between the British
provinces and the northern parts of Nepaul.
Heltsladt, or Heckstadt, X. Pru. Merseburg, on
the Wipper; 5 N. Mansfeld. Lon. 11. 42. E.
Lat. 51. 41. N. Pop. 2,727. The castle or pat-
ace is converted into a brewery.
Hetzardara, (an. Parchoatras,) mt Persia,
SSW. of Ispahan, between Irak and Farsistan.
Heuboch, see Heybach.
Heubach, X. Wurt. ; 22 N. Ulm. Pop. 1,070.
Heuchin, t. France, in Straits-of-Calais; 8
NNW. St. Pol.
Heue, s-p. Nova Scotia, on S. coast, S5 NE.
Cape Sable. It is situated at the mouth of a
river of the same name, and has a good harbor.
Heudicourt, t. France, in Meuse ; 6 NE. St,
Mihiel, 14 W. Pont-a-Mousson.
Heudicourt, t. France, in Somme ; 9 NNE-
Peronne. Heverli, X. Brabant ; 2 S. Louvain. P. 1,050,
Heves, co. Upper Hungary, united with Szol-
nok. Pop. of both 199,105, mostly Magarians.
Sq. m. 2,558. The diets are held at Erlau. Pro
duce, wine, wheat, tobacco, fac.
Hetes, X. Hungary, in Heves; 61 E. Pest.
Lon. 20. 18. E. Lat. 47. 36. N.
Heugh Head, cape, Scot, in the Frith of
Forth, on the coast of Fife ; 3 W. Elicness.
Heukelam, t. Holland, on the Linge ; 4 NNE,
Gorcum. .
Heuilly.le- Grand, X. France, in Upper Marne ;
6 SSE. Langres.
Hevilkaserai, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 18 SSE.
Barawnay. Hevoskari, cluster of small islands in the gulf

HEY

742

HIC

Of Bothnia, near the coast of Finland; Lon. 23.
32. E. Lat. 64. 12. N.
Heure, r. Netherlands, which runs into the
Sambre, 2 miles above Charleroy.
Heusden, t. Neth.,N. Brabant ; 7 SE. Gorcum,
15 NE. Breda. Lon. 5. E. Lat. 51. 45. N. Pop.
1,636. It is built in the midst of morasses, and
nearly surrounded by a branch of the Meuse ; it
is well fortified with a castle, bastions, and horn-
works. Heust, X. Prussia, on the Frisch Nerung ; 17
E. Dantzic.
Heuszdorf X. Weimar ; 8 NE. Weimar.
Heivorth, t.Eng., Durham; 3 E. Gateshead.
Pop. 2,905.
' Hexlmm, (ain. Epiacfamj) X. Eng;; in Northum
berland, near a small stream called Hexhald, or
Hextold, near the Tyne, supposed to have been
a Roman station ; 22 W. Carlisle, 2S4 N. Lon
don. Lon. 1. 56. W. Lat. 55. 2. N, Pop. 4,855.
A monastery was founded here the beginning
of the 12th century, and endowed with great
privileges and liberties. Here are two rriarkets
weekly, on Tuesday and Saturday. The chief
manufactures are leather, shoes, and gloves. — :
In 1463, a battle was fought here between foe
armies of the house of Lancaster and Tork.
Hexamila, (an. Cardia, and Lysimachia,) I.
Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the Coast of Hel
lespont ; 12 S. Gallipoli.
Heybach, or Heubach, or Heidbaeh,X. Hesse,
on foe Maine ; 5 W. Freudenberg. Pop. 1,335.
Heyd, X. Bav. ; 5 NW: Bamberg.
Heyda, X. Weimar; 4 NNE. Ilmenau.
Heydau, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 SE. Neisse.
Heyde, t Holstein, about 8 miles from the
coast; 25 N. Gluckstadt, 50 SSW. Sleswick.
Pop. 2,400.
Hcydeck, X. Bavaria, in Rezat; 22 N. Neu
burg, 23 S. Nuremberg. Pop. 750.
Heyden, X. Ger., in Lippe; 4 N. Detmold.
Heydenlieim, t. Bav. ; 7 E. Wassertrudingen.
Heydenh'eim, see Heidenheim.
Heydenkrug, X. Prussia ; 4 NE. Russ.
Heydingsfeld, X. Bav., on the Maine ; 2 S.
Wurzburg. Heyden, now Headon.
Heydenfeld, X. Bav., on foe Maine ; 12 S.
Gemunden. Pop. 1,600.
Heyduken-Sohantz, fortress, Hungary ; 5
WSW. Arad.
Hcyl, c. Cornwall, which rises about 6 N.
Helstorie,- and runs into St. George's channel,
at St. Ives, forming a large bay at the mouth,
called St. /lie's Bay.
Heymerlsen, X. Pru. Cologne, on the Erfft ; 5
W. Bonn, 30 E. Aix la Chapelle. Lon. 6. 50. E.
Lat. 50. 43. N.
Heyn, X. Flanders ; 3 N. Oudenarde.
Heynerlcow, X. Prussia ; 17 WNW. Heilsperg.
Heyar, or Hajar, X. Arabia ; 56 S; Jamama.
Heyperg, mt. Salzburg; 10 N. Knffstein.
Heyrieux, X. France, in Isere ; 1 1 NE. Vien
ne, 12 SE. Lyons. Pop. 1,340.
Hey-san, or Black Islands, cluster of islands
near the coast of China, which are little better
than naked rocks. Lon. 124. E. Lat. 28. 53. N.
Heytesbury, t. Eng., in Wilts ; 17 W. Salis
bury, 94 W. London. Lon. 2. 7.W. Lat. 5L
10. N. Pop. 1,023. It was at one time the re

sidence of the empress Matilda. It returns two
members to parliament.
Hia-loui, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si; 1,167 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 19.
E. Lat. 22, 54. N.
Hiamen; see Emouy.
Hiam:ho; X. China, of foe third rank, in Pe-
tcheli ; 26 ESE. Peking.
Hiang-ning, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chan-si ; 37 W. Pin-yang.
Hiang-ou, city, China", of the second rank,
in.Quang-si; 1,150 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106.26.
E. Lat. 23. 10. N.
Hiao-fong, X. China, of foe third rank, iri Tche-
kiang; 10 SSW. Ngan-ki.
Hiao-y, X. China, of the third rank, in Chansi ;
10 S. Fuen-tcheou.
Hiao-kang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang ; 25 SSW. Te-ngan.
Hia-petie, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 117. 38.
E. Lat 40. 48. N.
Hia-qui, pr. New-Mexico, between Mayo
and Sonora, considered by some as a district
of New-Navarre ; its receives its name from a
river which waters it. Riochico is the chief
town. Hid-qui, r. New-Mexico, which runs into the
gulf of California, Lat. 28. 15. N.
Hiafnoe, small isl. Denmark, near E. coast
of Jutland, at the mouth of foe gulf of Horsens.
Lon. 10. 5. E. Lat. 55. 50. N.
fliat, country, Africa, situated S. of Fezzan.
Hia-tche, city, China, of the second rank, in •
Quarig-si; 1200 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106.20.
E. Lat. 22. 10. N.
Hia-tcin, X. China,, of the third rank, in
Chang-tong; 11 WNW. Cao-tang.
Hia-lien, X. China, in Pe-tche-li, said'to con
tain near 80,000 inhabitants ; 25 E. Peking.
Hiatstown, v. Middlesex co. N.J.; 13 ENE.
Trenton. Hia-y, X. China, ofthe third rank, in HO-nan ;
25 ESE. Koue-te.
Hibar, see /oar.
Hibbe, or Gybba, or Geib, X. Hungary, in Lip-
tau ; 16 SE. Rosenburg. Pop. 1,762.
Hiberrda, now Ireland.
Hibernia Nova, see New Ireland.
Hibisi, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 80 W.
Satalia. Hibrahim, or St. Mary, island in the Indian
ocean, riear Madagascar; 50 miles long, and 14
wide. Lon. 51. 56. E. Lat. 16. 56. S.
Hibetpour, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 27 N. Firose
pour. Hickes' Bay, bay on NE. coast of New-Zea
land ; 14 WNW. Cape Runaway.
Hickes' Keys, cluster of islets' and rocks in'
foe bay of Honduras, near the coast of Mexico.
Lon. 88. 54. W. Lat. 17. 10. N.
Hickman, co. West Tennessee, on E. side of
the river Tennessee ; W. 808. Pop. in 1810,
2,583 ; slaves, 245. Pop', in 1820, 6,080.
Hickory, p-v. Washington co. Pa. ; W. 274:
Hickory Flatt, p-V. Madison co. Alabama ; W.
753. Hie/con/ Grove, p-v. Abbeville, S.C. ; W. 599.
Hickory Hill, p-v. Beaufort, S. C. ; W. 629.
Hickory, t. Venango co. Pennsylvania, on the
Alleghany'; 20 NE. Franklin.

HIG

743

HIG

Hicksford, p-t. Greenville co. Va., on the Me-
herrin ; 46 S: Petersburg, W. 192.
Hidde, t. Arabia ; 10 E. Jidda.
Hiddensoe, isl. in the Baltic, near W. coast
of Rugen, about 10 miles long, and 2 broad.
Lon. 13. 10. E. Lat. 64. 35. N. Pop. 600.
Hid Island, isl. in Pleio river, -Indiana.
Hidra, t. Africa; 110 WSW- Tunis.
Hidn, mt. Naples ; 13 WSW. Otranto.
Hielmar, lake, Sweden, in Sudermanland;
about 70 miles in circ. ; 60 W. Stockholm.
Hielm, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat,
near the coast of Jutland. Lon. 10. 49. E. Eat
86. 8. N.
Hiemes, see Exmes.
Kien, t. China, of the third rank, in Pe-tche-
li ; 12 S. Ho-Kien.
Hien-yan, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si; 12 WSW. Si-ngan. ,
Hieou-ki, X. China, of the third rank, in Fo:
kien ; 26 S. Yen-ping.
Hieou-nhing, X. Chinaj of the third rank, in
Hou-Quang; 40 S. Ou-tchang.
Hiera, now Volcano, Strath, Maretimo.
Hieracum, see Gezirat-tl-Teir, if St. Pietro.
Hieracurra, X. Golconda ; 35 SE. Hydrabad.
Hierapolis, see Bambukalasi, fa Bambouch.
Hierapollam, X. Carnatic ; 30 NW. Ongole.
Hierapumnal, X. Meckley ; 60 S. Munnipour.
Hiera-pytna, now Girapietra.
Hierisos, X. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, near
the coast ; 50 SE. Saloniki.
Hieres, t. France, principal place of a district,
in Var ; 6 S. Brignolle, 9 E. Toulon. Lon. 6. 8.
E. Lat. 43. 7. N. Pop. 6,528. It was formerly
a seaport where pilgrims bound for the Holy
Land used to embark ; but the sea is now re
tired to a considerable distance from the town.
It is situated at foe side of a hill, in a delightful
country, where is a perpetual spring ; it is sur
rounded by foe most beautiful gardens, in which
is found the best fruit of France ; oranges, cit
rons, and pomegranates, grow in the open air.
Near the town are large salt works. The gulf
of Hieres, between the town and the island so
called, is a famous road for vessels, with good
anchorage ground, and sufficient depth of water.
Native, Massillon.
Hieres Islands, (an. Slachades,) cluster of
small islands in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of France, which take their name from
foe town of Hieres. Lon. 6. 10. E. Lat. 43. 2.
N. They are particularly celebrated for the
great variety of medicinal plants on them.
Hierken, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 40 SE.
Romsdal. Hiero, see Ferro.
Hieromax, now Jermuk.
Hierting, or Jetting, s-p. Denmark, at foe
mouth of the Warde, with one of the best har
bours in North Jutland ; 22 NW. Ripen. Lon.
8. 22. E. Lat. 65. 29. N. Pop. 200.
Hiertlanda, X. Sweden ; 30 S. Wexio.
Hietaniemi, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia; 24
N. Tornea.
Higanquet, t. on E. coast of Mindanao. Lon.
125. 51. E. , Lat. 9. 26. N.
High Kraal, or Hooge Kraal, X. S. part of Af
rica ; about 300 E. Cape Town.
High Banks, p-v. Pike co. Indiana ; 146 In-
dianopolis, W. 695.

High Peak, peak of the Catskill mountains,,
N. Y. Height,j3,7l8 feet.
HighRock, p-v. Rockingham co. N.C.; W.32Q.
High Shoals, p-v. Clark co. Georgia ; W. 704.
High Point, cape on N. coast of Barbadoes.
Lon. 68. 30. W. Lat. 13. 22. N.
High Tower, see Etowee.
Higham Ferrers, or Ferris, X. Eng., in North
ampton, with a weekly market on Saturday ;
16 N. Bedford, 65 N. London. Lon. O. 35. W.
Lat. 52. 20. N. Pop. 823.
Highgate, p-t. Franklin co. Vt., in NW. cor
ner of the state, on lake Champlain ; 40 N. Bur.
lington, W. 542. Pop. 1,250. This town has
iron works, and considerable trade in lumber.
Higligale,v. Eng., in Middlesex ; 4 N. London.
Highland, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 12,308.
Chief town, Hillsborough.
Highland, X. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 577.
Highland Point, cape on NE. coast of New
Zealand, at the entrance of Lowland bay. Lon.
182. 16. W. Lat. 37. 48. S.
Highlands, a natural division of Scotland,
comprising foe mountainous part of the coun
try to the north and northwest, in contradis
tinction to the Lowlands, which comprehend
the south and southeast counties. The division
is formed by the Grampian mountains, which
extend across the island from Argyleshire, on
foe Atlantic, to Aberdeenshire, on the German
ocean. The 16 northern and northwestern coun
ties lie chiefly in the Highlands ; and the He
brides are also included. The whole of this
great district is wild, rugged, and mountainous ;
many of the mountains rise to a great height,
with valleys of corresponding depth, interven
ing, from which, for some months in the year,
the direct rays of the sun are in a great degree
excluded. The vales are generally occupied
by lakes or precipitous rivers. The proportion
of arable land is small ; it is found chiefly in
foe valleys and on the lakes and rivers, where
there are tracts of fertile soil. In these moun
tains are the sourcesof numerous streams, which
generally descend to the ocean in rapid cur
rents. The Highlanders are a branch of the ancient
Celta. They were always a brave, warlike, and
hardy race : divided into tribes called clans ;
those of inferior order being vassafs of particu
lar chieftains. They have always been fond of
poetry and music, and every family of note re
tained a historian or bard to celebrate the heroic
deeds of the chieftain and his clan. Their re
ligion was deeply tinctured with superstition ;
they believed in ghosts and apparitions, and
practised charms and incantations. Their lan
guage is still Gaelic. Their cottages are misera
ble habitations, built with round stones, ce
mented with alternate layers of turf thatched
with sods, and often with heath. Their food is
chiefly oatmeal, milk, fac, with a quantity of
meat for a mart at Christmas. Before the be
ginning of the last century, there were no regu
lar roads to connect the Highlands with the low
country. But since that time roads have been
opened ; they enter the mountains at 3 differ
ent parts ofthe low country; at Crieff, Dunkald,
and by Luss, on Loch Lomond. The feudal in
stitutions have been undermined, and a great

HIL

744

HIL

change has taken place in the state of property
and manners. Industry and improvement have
made rapid progress, and the inhabitants are
now beginning to avail themselves of the re
sources of their country, in their mines, woods,
pastures, and fisheries.
Highlands, mountainous tract, N. Y., on the
banks ofthe Hudson, below Newburgh, between
40 and 60 miles above New York. The passage
on the river through these Highlands, for the
distance of about IS miles, is romantic and
grand in a high degree. The opening seems to
have been formed on purpose for the passage
of the noble river. Some of the principal peaks
are Thunder Hill, St. Anthony's Nose, Sugar
Loaf, Butter Hill, Bull Hill, Break Neck Hill,
New fa Old Beacon. The military post of West
Point is in these Highlands
Hightstown, p-t. Middlesex co. N. J.; 19 Tren
ton, W. 186.
Highworth, X. Eng., in Wilts, with a weekly
market on Wednesday ; 17 N. Marlborough, 77
W. London. Lon. 1. 42. W. Lat. 51. 38. N.
Pop. 1,493.
Higney, or Alia Gracia, t. St. Domingo, on E.
part ofthe island. Lat. 18. 30. N.
Higuera,X. Spain, Estramadura; 12 N. Xeres
de los Caballeros.
Higuera, X. Mexico, in Cinaloa ; 28 E. Ci
naloa. Higueron, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, Lat. 8. 50. N.
Higuey, see Yguey.
Hiha, X. Abyssinia ; 40 E. Axum.
Hihighenimmo Indians, N. A. on Clark's river
and the Lastaw. No. 1,300.
Hijar, or Ixar, t. Spain, in Aragon ; 25 SE.
Saragossa. Pop. 2,920.
Hijellee, or Injelke, t. Bengal, capital of a
district, on an island in the Hoogly ; 10 NE.
Contai. Lon. 88. 10. E. Lat. 21. 50. N. It is
the first town to be seen after entering the
Hoogly, and has an extensive salt manufactory.
Hilary Point, promontory, N. Wales, in An
glesea ; 9 NW. Beaumaris.
Hilaui, or Uabe, X. La Paz ; 25 S. Chicuito.
Hilay, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Peru. Lat. 16. 50. S.
Hilberg, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 44 W.
Romsdal. Hilclienbach, X. Pru. Arensberg; 6NE. Siegen.
Pop. 914.
Hikonaur, X. Hind., in Bednore ; 10 NNE;
Simogu. Hildburghausen, Saxe, duchy in the interior
of Germany, between Saxe-Meiningen fa Saxe-
Coburg. Pop. 27,707. Sq. m. 212. The soil is
generally lean, and the chief wealth ofthe coun
try consists in its woods and pasture. The duke
holds the fourth rank among the princes of the
house of Saxe, and has a military force of only
about 100 men, and a revenue of £ 20,000. The
religion is Lutheran.
Hildburghausen, X. Ger., capital of the above
duchy, on the Werra, 17 SE. Meiningen, 20
NW. Coburg, 32 S. Erfurt. Lon. 10.55. E. Lat.
50. 19. N. Pop. 2,500. H. 500. It is the resi
dence of the duke, and contains 2 Luth. chh., a
hospital, a gymnasium, and a seminary for
schoolmasters.

Hildenbaeh, X. Bav. ; 3 WSW. Wunsiedel.
Hildesheim, pr. Hanover, bounded N. by Ca-
lenburg and Luneburg, E. by Brunswick, S. by
Gottingen and Brunswick, and W. by Calen-
burg. Pop. 128,938, mostly Lutherans. Catho
lics 24,228. , Sq. m. 682. The surface is uneven ;
in the southern part stony and not fertile ; but
in the middle and north, rich and productive.
The products are corn, fruit, flax, and hops;
cattle and wool. Hildesheim was long an inde
pendent ecclesiastical state. It was added to
Hanover by the congress of Vienna, 1815.
Hildesheim, (an. Bannopolis,) city, capital of
the province of the same name, situated near
the Innerste ; 26 WSW. Brunswick, 72 W. Mag
deburg. Lon. 10. 0. E. Lat. 52. 12. N. Pop.
10,949. H. 1,874. Cath. Bp. see. It contains a
cathedral, 4 other Cath. chh.,4 Luth. chh., 1 con
vent, 18 hospitals, a Cath. seminary and gym
nasium, and a Luth. gymnasium. The chief
employment of the inhabitants is brewing and
manufacturing yarn and linen. It is pretty
large, old fashioned, and irregular, and consists
of foe Old and New Town, which were united
in 1583. It was formerly one of the Hanse
towns. Hildschin, see Huldschin.
Hilda, or Helef X. Africa, in Sugulmessa.
Hilgersdorf X. Bohemia, Leitmeritz. H. 243.
Hilkali,X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 12 N.
Kaisarieh. Hill River, r. N. America, which runs NE.
into Hudson's Bay, at the mouth of the Nelson.
Hillah, see Heltah.
Hillary, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 42 SW. Wexio.
Hilk, X. Sweden, in Gestricia ; 3 N. Geflle.
Hillebeck, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 13 SW.
Christiania. Hillebrun, X. Sweden, Gestricia ; 8 N. Geflle.
Hillegem, X. Neth., E. Flanders ; 12 SSE.
Ghent. Pop. 890.
Hillegersburg, X. S. Holland ; 3 N. Rotterdam.
Pop. 3,000.
Hillegom, t S. Holland ; 7 S. by W. Haerlem.
Pop. 1,050.
Hillegurry, X. Hind., in Bednore ; 40 SE. Si
mogu. Hillerod, X. Denmark, in the isl. of Zealand ;
14 NNW. Copenhagen. Pop. 1,200.
Hillesheim, or Hildesheim, X. Pru. Lower
Rhine; 31 N. Treves, 36 W. Coblentz. Pop. 534.
Hilkvenslide, X. Holstein ; 3 W. ltzehoa.
Hillham, p-t. Overton co. Ten.; 105 Murfrees-
borough, W. 699.
Hilliardston, p-t. Nash co. N. C; 70 Raleigh,
W. 290.
Hilligenhaven, X. Holstein, on the Baltic ; 37
N. Lubec, 50 E. Rendsburg,
Hilling, X. Austria ; 7 SW. Grein.
Hills, (Lake of the,) see Athapescow.
Hillsborough, co. S. part of N. H., bounded
N. by Grafton co., E. by Strafford fa Rocking
ham cos., S. by Massachusetts, & W.by Cheshire
co. Pop. in 1810, 49,249; in 1820, 51,117.
Chief towns, Amherst and Hopkinton.
Hillsborough, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 13
WSW. Hopkinton, 20 W. Concord, W. 487.
Pop. 1,982.
Hillsborough, X. Somerset co. N. J..; 18 N.
Trenton. Pop. 2,885.

HIL

745

HIM

Hillsborough, p-v. Caroline co. Md.; 27 SSW.
Chester, W. 79.
Hillsborough, p-t. Washington co. Pa. ; 208 W.
Harrisburg, W. 233.
Hillsborough, p-v. Loudoun co. Va.; 8 NW.
Leesburg, W. 51.
Hillsborough, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. ; W. 104.
Hillsborough, p-t. & cap. Highland co. Ohio ;
36 W. by S. Chillicothe, 55 SW. Columbus, W.
449. Pop. 508. It contains a cotton manufac
tory, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presby
terians, and 1 for Methodists.
Hillsborough, p-t. fa cap. Orange co. N. C, on
foe Eno; 30 NW. Raleigh, 110 ENE. Salisbury,
180 WNW. Newbern, W. 299. It is situated in
an elevated, fertile, and healthy country, and
contains a court house, a jail, an academy, and
about SO houses.
Hillsborough, p-t. Jasper co. Georgia; 59 Mil
ledgeville, W. 710. '
Hillsborough, p-t. Franklin co. Ten,; 60 Mur-
freesborough, W. 697.
Hillsborough, p-t. Madison co. Alabama ; 277
Cahawba, W. 760.
Hillsborough, p-t Orange co. Indiana; 116
lndianopolis, W. 664.
Hillsborough, X. Ireland, in Down ; 16 NW.
Down-Patrick. Lon. 6. W. Lat. 64. 26. N.
Hillsborough, small isl. near E. coast of Labra
dor. Lon. 61. 20. W. Lat. 57. 20. N.
Hillsborough Bay, bay on N. coast of the isl.
of Dominica, formed at foe mouth of a river
ofthe same name. Lon. 61. 22. W. Lat. 15. 42.N.
Hillsborough Bay, bay on S. coast of the isl.
of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon.
62. 55. W. Lat. 46. 6. N.
Hillsborough, r. East Florida, which runs into
foe gulf of Florida, Lon. 81.30. W. Lat 27. 36.N.
Hillsborough, r. East Florida, which runs into
the gulf of Mexico, Lon- 82. 30. W. Lat. 28. 10. N.
Hillsbridge, p-v. Halifax co. N. C; W. 238.
Hillsdale, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 16 E. Hud
son, W. 353. Pop. 2,511. It borders on Massa
chusetts. Hill-Top, p-v. Charles co. Md.; W. 44.
Hilltown, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. W. 162. Pod.
1,501. r
ffifo, r. Chinese Tartary, which runs into the
sea of Japan, Lon. 134. 31. E. Lat. 42. 54. N.
Hilongos, X. on W. coast of foe isl. of Leyta.
Lon. 124.40. E. Lat. 10. 25. N.
Hilpaltstein, or Hiltpolstein, X. Bav.; 17 NNE.
Nuremberg. Hilpaltstein, X. Bav., in Rezat; 19 S. Nurem
berg, 27 N. Neuburg. Pop. 1,104.
HitsoA, t Hind., Bahar ; 17 W. Bahar. Lon.
85. 28. E. Lat. 25. 18. N.
HilUbach, X. Baden ; 14 SSE. Heidelberg, 20
E. Spire. Pop. 1,053.
Hitters, X. Bav.; 14 E. Fulda.
Hitters KHngen,X. Hesse ; 4 SW. Erbach.
¦Hilton, isl. on the coast of S. Carolina, oppo
site Beaufort district ; 20 miles long, fa 5 broad.
Lon. 80. 20. W. Lat. 32. 10. N.
Hilton Head, see Trench's Island.
Hilton Head, cape on E. coast of Trench's
island, at going into Portland entrance. Lon.
80. 46. W. Lat. 32. 16. N.
Hilvarensbeek, X. N. Brabant; 4 S. by E. Til-
burg. Pop. 1866.
Vol. I. 94

Hilversum, X. N. Holland ; 6 S. Naarden. Pop.
3,410. Hilzingen, X. Baden ; 9 ESE. Schaffhausen.
Pop. 956.
Himango, X. Finland ; 25 NE. Gamla Karleby.
Himberg, X. Austria ; 6 S. Vienna.
Himera, now Termini fa Salsa.
Himetpford, X. Prussia ; 3 S. Mohrungen.
Himiela, (La,) X. Spain, in Jaen; 12 E. Ubeda.
Himaleh, Himmakh, Himalaya, or Himdla
Mountains, (an. Emodus, Imaus, or Himaus,)
stupendous range of mountains, Asia, which
separate Hindoostan from Thibet and Tartary.
The name is sometimes applied to the whole
range, which extends from near the Caspian
sea, on the west, to the confines of China, on
the east. The part west of the Indus, is called
Hindoo Kho. The Himaleh range commences
in Kashgar, about Lon. 74. E. and reaches to
the confines of China, Lon. 94. E. It extends
in a direction generally about northwest and
southeast, about 1,400 miles in length, and from
about 50 to 100 miles in breadth. The greatest
latitude is about 25. N. The Burrampooter,
Ganges, fa Indus, with their subsidiary streams,
rise from these mountains, and flow south, and
the Oxus, Sihon, and other rivers, rise on the
opposite side. They are covered with snow
throughout the year, and both their ancient
and modern names bear an allusion to snow or
cold. The ancients had knowledge of these moun
tains as an elevated range, yet no attempt to
ascertain their height is known to have been
made till within a few years. If the calculations
recently made may be confided in, they are
doubtless the most elevated mountains on the
globe. These calculations differ considerably,
yet they all agree in making the elevation great.
According to Col. Crawford andMr.Colebrooke,
the height of Dholagir or, Dhawala-giri, i. e.
White mountain, from the mean of several ob
servations, is 27,550 feet above the sea. Ac
cording to foe observations of Col. Crawford,
one of the peaks, visible at Patna, is more than
20,000 feet above the plain of Nepaul, or about
25,000 feet above the level of the sea. From
some other observations, the heightof Dhawala-
giri is stated on the lowest computation at
26,862 feet. Capt. Webb, a few years since,
measured the height of 27 summits, the high
est of which was 25,669, the lowest 15,733,
and 21 of them upwards of 20,000 feet high.
Dhawala-giri, according to foe observations of
Capt. Blake, still more recent, as calculated by
Mr. Colebrooke, is 28,015 feet high, and Swel-
gar, or Nepal mountain, 25,261 feet. The peak
of Cbamalasi, near the frontiers of Thibet, is
visible from various stations in Bengal, the most
remote of which is not less than 232 miles dis
tant The above measurements were made
trigonometrically, and must ue considered as of
doubtful accuracy. Though these mountains
are unquestionably among the highest on foe
globe, yet it is still doubted by some whether
they are more elevated than foe Andes. ¦¦¦¦.
Himmelkron, X. Bav., on the White Maine ;
7 E. Culmbach, 8 N; Bayreuth. Pop. 550.
Himmelstadt, t. Bav., on the Maine ;. 3 SSE.
Carlstadt. Pop, 699.

HIN

746

HIN

Himmelwitzer Wasser, r. Silesia, in the prin
cipality of Oppeln, which runs into the Malpa-
na," near its junction with the Oder.
Himmutnagur, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 17 SE.
Sealcot. Himnautnagur, t. Bengal ; 25 NE. Purneah.
Hims, X. Arabia, in Lachsa, near the Persian
gulf; 50 N. Lachsa.
Hims, see Hems.
Himtabads, X. Bengal ; 25 W. Dinagepour.
Him-tchan, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 50 SW. Pao-ting. .
Hin, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chen-si; 200 SW. Peking. Lon. 112. 22. E.
Lat. 38. 27. N.
Hin, city, China, of the second rank, in
Kiang-nan; 480 SSE. Peking. Lon. 117.52.
E. Lat. 32. 15. N.
Hina, X. Mexico, Yucatan ; 12 N. Campeachy.
Hinagie Islands, three or four islands in foe
Indian sea, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 6.50. S.
Hinatoan, X. on E. coast of the island of Min
danao. Lon. 126. 18. E. Lat. 8. 12. N.
Hincha, or St. Jean de Goava, t. St. Domin
go ; 64 SW. St. Domingo. The town and dis
trict contains about 7,000 inhabitants. Lon. 72.
42. W. Lat. 19. 14. N.
Hin-chang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-nan ; 25 WNW. Cheou.
Hinchinbrook Island, one of the New Heb
rides, in S. Pacific ocean, a little N. Sandwich
island ; about 6 miles in circ. Lon. 168.38. E.
Lat. 17. 25. S.
Hinchinbrook Island, hi. in the SE. part of
Prince William's sound, near W. coast of N.
America. The form is somewhat triangular,
with a large bay on its N. coast, about 48 m.
in circ. Lon. 213. 50. to 214. 24. E. Lat. 60.
24. N. At Port Etches, on SW. coast, the Rus
sians have an establishment, consisting of about
100 persons.
Hinckley, X. Eng., in Leicestershire, with a
good weekly market on Monday; 13 SW.
Leicester, 99 NW. London. Lon. 1. 22. W.
Lat. 52. 33. N. Pop. 6,058. The assizes for
that county were formerly helcV-here.
Hindak, t. A. Turkey, Natolia; 25 SW. Boli.
Hindan, r. Hind., which runs into the Jum
nah, 20 S. Delhi.
Hindeck, X. Switz., Berne ; 15 SE. Interlacken.
Hindeah, X. Bengal ; 10 SW. Koonda.
Hindelong, X. Bavaria, on the Ostrach, dis
trict of Southofen. Pop. 1,913.
Hindelbanck, X. Switz., Berne ; 9 NNE. Berne.
Hindeloopen, s-p. Neth., in Friesland, on the
Zuyder Zee ; 21 SSW. Lewarden. Lon. 5. 23.
E. Lat 51. 58. N. Pop. 1,500.
Hindenny, r. Hind., whlchrunsioto the Tun-
gebadro ; 10 N. Adoni.
Hinderaa, t. Norway, in Christiansand; 20
N. Stavanger.
HinderoM, or Andafvia, isl. in the Persian
gulf, about 3 or 4 miles long, and 1 broad, se-
Sarated from the coast of Persia by a channel
alf a league across, with depth of water from
7 to 15 fathoms, and a muddy bottom. Lon.
64. E. Lat. 26. 44. N.
Hindersoe,_gmaU isl. in N. part of'the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 24. E. Lat 65. 38. N.
Hindia, circar, Hind., in Candeish, bounded

N. by Bopal, E. by Kerleh, S. by the Taptee
river, and W. by Bejapour. The chief towns
are Hindia, Hurdah, Hu'ssingabad, fa Barawnay.
Hindia, X. Hind., and capital of a circar of
the same name, in Candeish, on the Nerbudda ;
6 ESE. Indore, 90 NNE. Burhanpour. Lon. 77.
10. E. Lat. 22. 35. N.
Hindmund, see Heermund.
Hindfeld, X. Henneberg ; 3 SE. Romhild.
Hindoe, isl. in the North sea, near the coast
of Norway, about 150 m. in circ. Lat. 68. 36. N.
Hindon, X. Eng., in Wilts, with a market on
Thursday ; 15 W. Salisbury, 97 WSW. London.
Lon. 2. 7. W. Lat. 51. 5. N. Pop. 781. It sends
two members to parliament
Hindoo Kho, or Hindoo Koosh, or Indian
Caucasus, part of a long ridge of mountains in
Asia, which separates Cabul from Balk, be
tween Lat. 34. and 36. N. They are covered
with snow a great part of the year. There are
7 passes through them. They form the west
ern part of the great range, which, further to
foe east, takes the name of Himaleh.
Hindoslan, p-t. & cap. Martin co. Indiana ;
147 Indianopolis, W. 684.
HINDOSTAN, or Hindoostan, or Indostan,
or India on this side ofthe Ganges, called by the
aborigines. Bharata, extensive region, Asia, ly
ing between Lon. 65. and 92. E. Lat. 8. and 35.
N. Hindostan, in the most extensive sense,
comprises 4 great divisions.
1. Northern Hindostan. This comprises Ca
bul and Cashmere on foe west, and Bootan on
the east, with the intermediate provinces. Ne
paul, with its tributary districts, comprises a
great part of this division.
2. Hindostan Proper. This is composed of
the 11 soubahs or provinces of Lahore, Moul
tan including Sindy, Agimere, Delhi, Agra,
Allahabad, Bahar, Oude, Bengal, Malwa, and
Guzerat. 3. The Deccan. This division includes the
provinces of Aurungabad, Candeish, Golconda,
Berar, the Northern circaFs, Orissa, and a great
part of Bejapour.
4. The south of India. This division extends
from the river Kistnah to foe ocean, and com
prises the Carnatic, Mysore, Canara ,Malabar,fac
Extent and Population. The following is a
statement of the estimated extent and popula
tion of the parts of Hindostan possessed by
Great Britain, of the British allies and tributar
ies, and foe independent states, according to
Mr. W. Hamilton.
Under the Geo. sq. m. Pop.
Bengal presidency . 220,000 29,000,000
Madras presidency . .. 125,000 12,000,000
Bombay presidency . 10,000 2,500,000
Acquisitions in Hindostan
Proper since 1799 60,000 10,000,000
Total of British Hindostan 357,000 63,500,000
British allies, fyc.
The Nizam . -. . ¦¦ . . 76,000 8,000,000
The Peshwa and Guicowar 53,000 5,000,000
Nabob of Oude .... 13,000 2;000,000
Mysore Rajah .... 22,000 2,000;00t)
TravancorefaCocbin Rajahs 5,000 600,000
Under British influence 526,000 71,000,000

HIN

747

HIN

Independent states, under
Mahratta Chiefs . . 75,000 6,000,000
Nagpour Rajah . . 68,000 -3,000,000
Nepaul Rajah .... 63,000 2,000,000
Lahore Rajah fa foe Seiks 54,000 4,000,000
Rajahs of Joudpour, Jye- "]
nagur, Odeypour, fac. I
of Bootan, Assam, fac > 244,000 15,000,000
Cabul, Cashmere, and j
various petty chiefs J
Total of Hindostan 1,020,000 101,000,000
Cities. There are many large cities ; some
of the principal are Calcutta, Benares, Surat,
Madras, Bombay, Lucknow, Patna, Dacca, La
hore, Delhi, Agra, Hyderabad, Poonah, Ougein,
and Jyenagur. The cities of Hindostan are, in
general, built on one plan, with very narrow,
confined, and crooked streets, a great number
of tanks and reservoirs for water, with numer
ous gardens interspersed. The houses are va
riously built, some of brick, others of mud, and
still more of bamboos and mats.
Face of the country. Northern Hindostan is
mountainous. Hindostan Proper is, for the
most part, a champaign country, with occasion
al hills of no great elevation. In the Deccan
and south of India, the countiy is flat on foe
sea coasts on both sides, and mountainous in
foe interior.
Mountains. The Himaleh mountains, which
lie on the north side of Northern Hindostan,
are reputed the highest in foe world. The East
ern and Western Gauts are the most remarkable
mountains in India. The Western Gauts, the
highest and longest range, extend from Cape
Comorin to Surat, generally about 40 miles from
the sea coast.
Rivers. The Ganges, Burrampooter, and In
dus are among the largest rivers in Asia. The
other considerable rivers are the Kistnah, Jum
nah, Nerbuddah, Godavery, Chunaub, Puddar,
Setledge, Taptee, and Chumbull.
Climate. The climate of foe northern parts
is temperate, but in all the southern parts heat
predominates ; and during a part of the year it
is very great. The monsoons prevail south of
the tropics. The seasons in Hindostan Proper
are/divided into cold, hot, and diy.
Soil. A large proportion of the soil is ex
ceedingly fertile; There are two harvests in a
year, the former in September and October ;
the latter in March and April.
Productions. The article of produce more
extensively cultivated than any other, is rice ;
cotton in abundance, wheat in some parts ; al
so sugar, indigo, tobacco, opium, millet, and
various kinds of fruit.
Manufactures. The staple manufacture is
that of cotton. The other principal manufac
tures are those of silk, wool, leather, and salt
petre. Commerce. The commerce is very great, and
is carried on chiefly by Great Britain, and also,
to a considerable extent, by the United states.
Exports. The exports consist of cotton, piece
goods, rice, indigo, saltpetre, opium, silk, sugar,
precious stones, fac.
Minerals. The metals are not abundant. The
diamond mines have been long celebrated, but

have now ceased to be very valuable. They
are found in Golconda, near I'aniiah, Sumbul
pour, fac.
Inhabitants. The Hindoos constitute the
great mass of the population ; the Mahometans
are supposed to form one eighth of the inhabi
tants; besides these there are Parsees, Jews,
and Christians.
Hindoos. The most striking feature in foe
character of the Hindoos is the permanency of
their religion and customs. In these there has
been scarce any alteration since foe state of In
dia was first known. Their food consists of
rice, milk, vegetables, and ghee.
Castes. The Hindoos are divided into four
castes. 1. The brahmins; 2. soldiers; 3. those
devoted to agriculture and commerce ; 4. la
bourers. These castes are all kept entirely dis
tinct, and are not permitted to intermarry.
Parsees. The Parsees are descendants of the
followers of Zoroaster, and are numerous in
Guzerat and Bombay. They are a hardy and
enterprising people.
Religion. The religion of the Hindoos is a
cruel and degrading superstition, which is art
fully interwoven with almost every action of
daily life. There are 28 rivers which are re
garded as holy, and a great number of holy
places, which are much visited by pilgrims. —
The most sacred books among the Hindoos are
the Vedas and two great poems. The most ex
cruciating self-torture is practised. It is a com
mon custom for widows to burn themselves to
death on the funeral pile of their husbands.
Language. "The most ancient language is
the Sanscrit, which is esteemed sacred.
Christianity. Christianity was very early es
tablished on the Malabar coast. Before foe ar
rival of Vasco de Gama there were 200,000
Nestorian Christians. Within a few years nu
merous missionary stations have been formed
in India ; the most important is that of the
Baptist missionaries at Serampore.
Hindown, X. Hind., Agra ; 25 N. Kerowley.
Hindsjan, see Angan.
Hinesburg, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. ; 15 SE.
Burlington, W. 489. Pop. 1,332.
Hinesville, p-v. Patrick co. Va. , W. 352.
Hing, t. China, of the third rank, in Chen-si ;
30 SW. Kolan.
Hing, city, China, of the second rank, in
Kiang-nan; 435 Seeking. Lon. 115. 26. E.
Lat. 32. 35. N.
Hing-chan, t. China, of foe third rank, in
Hou-quang ; 17 NNE. Koue.
Hingeon, t. Namur; 8 NW. Namur.
Hing-fou, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 20 SW. Soui-tcheou.
Hinglwm, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 14 SE.
Boston, W. 455. Pop. in 1810, 2,382; in 1820,
2,857. It lies on S. side of Boston harbour,
is a very pleasant town, and contains 3 Con
gregational churches, a woollen manufactory,
and a well endowed academy. It has some
trade, and is a place of considerable resort of
company from Boston in the summer.
Hingham, t. Eng., in Norfolk ; 14 W. Nor
wich, 98 NNE. London. Lon. 0. 59. E. Lat.
52. 4. N. Pop. 1,263. Market on Saturday.
Hing-hoa, city, China, of the first rank, in

HI'O

748

HIR

Fo-kien, near the sea-coast; 900 S. Peking.
Lon. 118. 56. E. Lat. 25. 28. N. The walls are
of great thickness, the Streets are well paved,
and adorned with several triumphal arches and
majestic public buildings. The country furnish
es abundance of rice, li-chi, and silk.
Hinkletown,p-v. Lancaster co. Pa. ; W. 128.
Hing-koue, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 50 SSW. Ki-ngan.
Hing-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 20 W. Kouang-sin.
Hing-ngan, city, China, of the second rank,
in Chensi, on the Han ; 587 SW. Peking. Lon.
108 54. E. Lat. 32. 34. N.
Hing-nhing, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang ; 22 ENE. Tching.
Hing-nie, X. China, of the third rank, in Quan-
si ; 5 W. Ouei-ling.
Hing-ning; X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-tong ; 62 NW. Tchao-tcheou.
Hing-tchin, t China, ofthe third rank, in
Quang-si ; 25 S. liing-yuen.
Hing-ven, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 32 SSE. Soui-tcheou.
Hinguette, rock near S. coast of the island of
Jersey ; 2 S. St. Helier.
Hinigan, X. Arabian Irak ; 100 W. Bassora.
Hinka, lake, Chinese Tartary, about 108 miles
in circ. Lon. 132. 29. E. Lat. 44. 35. N.
Hinkan, chain of mountains, Chinese Tartary,
which reach from Lon. 134. to 137. E. Lat. 55.
to 53. N,
Hinkston's Fork, r. Kentucky, which runs in
to Licking, Lon. 84. 30. W. Lat. 38. 30. N.
Hinlopen Straits, channel of the North sea,
between North-East land and Spitzbergen.
Hinnerjoki, X. Finland ; 30 S. Biorneborg.
Hin-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-si ; 30 NE. Kouei-ling.
Hinojares; X. Spain, in Jaen ; 15 SE. Ubeda.
Hinojosa,X. Spain, in Leon; 25 NNW. Civ
dad Rodrigo. Pop. 4,000.
Hinojosa, X. Spain, in Estremadura; 16 N.
Llerena. Hinojosa, t. Spain, in New-Castile; 10 N.
Molina. Hinojosas, (Las,) X. Spain, in New-Castile ;
36 S. Hueta.
Hin-pin, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si ; 23 W. Si-ngan.
Hinrama, see Nimrana.
Hinschenfeld, X. Holstein ; 5 NE . Hamburg.
Hinsdale, formerly Fort Dummer, p-t. Chesh
ire co. N. H., on foe Connecticut; 15 SW.
Keene, W. 443. Pop. 822.
Hinsdale, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 15 NNW.
Lenox, 130 W. Boston, W. 419. Pop. 890.
Hinsdale, p-t. Cataraugus co. N. Y., formed
of a part of Olean since 1820 ; 295 W. Albany,
W. 355.
Hintergersdorfi X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 8 E.
Freyberg. Hinlcrsee, lake, Bav. ; 6 W. Berchtolsgaden.
Hinzuan, see Joanna.
Hio, X. Sweden, in West Gothland, on the
Wetter lake, with a good salmon fishery; 75 E.
Uddevalla, 80 NE. Gottenburg. Lon. 13. 68. E.
Lat. 58. 20. N. Pop. 438.
Hiog, r S. Wales, which runs into the Doug-
ledy, 10 N. Haverfordwest.

Hiong, t. China, of the third rank, in Pe-tche-
li; 30 ENE. Pao-ting.
Hiong-tchuen, X. Corea ; 57 SE. Kang-tcheou.
Hiorring, t. Denmark, in N. Jutland, diocess
of Aalborg, once a large place ; 27 NNW. Aal
borg. Lon. 10. E. Lat. 57. 28. N. Pop. 463.
It is the capital of a district containing 39,400
inhabitants. Hiorted, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 60 N. Cal
mar. Hiorloe, small isl. Denmark, near W. coast of
Taasinge. Lon. 10. 0. E. Lat. 54.53. N.
Hipperholm, t. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the
neighbourhood of Halifax. Pop. 2,879.
Hippisburg, see Hammondsburg. .
Hippo Regius, see Bona.
Hippo- Zariius, now Bizerta.
Hipponium, now Castello-di-Bivona.
Hir, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 18 S.. Sirgian.
Mirabad, X. Persia, Irak ; 180 E. Ispahan, 240
NE. Schiras. Lon. 55. 50. E. Lat. 22. 16. N.
Hiralt, X. Hind., Bednore ; 17 NNE. Simogu.
Hiram, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 34 SW. Paris,
160 NNE. Boston, W. 581. Pop. 700.
Hiram, p-t. Portage co. Ohio ; 215 NE.by E.
Columbus, W. 384. Pop. 296.
Hirchstein, X. Hanau ; 5 SSE. Hanau.
Hirgum, r. Wales, which runs into the Avon,
4 miles below Dolgelly.
Hirlaw, or Harlev, X. Moldavia, on foe Bach-
lui ; 30 NW. Jassy. Lon. 27.6. E. Lat.47.24.N.
Hirmund, see Heermund.
Hirria, X. Hind., Rohilcund ; 28 S. Pillibeat.
Hirsac, t. France, in Charente-; 7 W, Angou-
leme. Hirschaid, X. Bav.; 6 S. Bamberg.
Hirschau, X. Bav.; 6 NE. Amberg. Fop. 893i
Hirschbach, X. Austria ; 5 ENE. Weitra.
Hirschbach, X. Bav. ; 4 SSW. Forcheim.
Hirschberg, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 12 NW.
Jung Buntzlau. Pop. 1,179.
Hirschberg, X. Silesia, in Reichenbach, capital
of a circle, at the confluence of the Bober and
Zacke; 20 SW. Jauer, 30 W. Schweidnitz.
Lon. 15. 48. E. Lat. 50. 44. N. Pop. 5,996. H.
904. It contains 2 Cath. chh., 1 Luth., 3 hospi
tals, and a gymnasium. It is well built, and its
chief trade is in linen and lawn. It is next to
Breslau, foe most considerable trading town in
Silesia, with considerable manufactures in the
town and neighbouring villages.
Hirschberg, X. Ger., in Reuss, on the Saale ; 9
ESE. Lobenstein, 14 SW. Plauen. Lon. 11.58.
E. Lat. 50. 20. N. Pop. 1,280.
Hirschberg, t. Bav. ; 22 NE. Aichstadt.
Hirschberg, Pru. Arensberg. Pop. 778.
Hirschfeld, t. Sax., Erzgebirg ; 7 S. Zwickau.
Hirschfeld, t. Sax. Lusatia, on the Neisse ; 4
N. Zittau, 40 E. Dresden. Lon. 14. 59. E. Lat.
50. 56. N.
Hirschfeld, see Hersfeld.
Hirschfelt, t. Prussia ; 5 SW. Holland.
Hirschhorn, t. Hesse; 7 ENE. Heidelberg, 12
S. Erbach. Pop. 288.
Hirscholm, t. Denmark, in foe isl. of Zealand,
which owes its origin to an ancient castle, long
since destroyed, and a new one erected on the
spot ; 12 N. Copenhagen.
Hirson, t. France, in Aisne ; 6 NE. Vervins.
27 NNE. Laon. Pop. 2,023.

HIT

749

HOA

Hirtzfelden, t. France, in Upper Rhine ; 10 N.
Mulhausen. Himensalmi, t. Finland; 75 E. Tavasthus.
- Hirzholmen, or Herlzholm, three small isls. of
Denmark, lying in the Cattegat, chiefly inhabit
ed by fishermen ; 4 NE. Fladstrand. Lon. 10.
24. E. Lat. 57. 31. N.
Hirzberg, see Hertzberg.
Hiscar Chaduman, or Hisdrec, X. Great Bukha
ria ; 60 NNE. Balk.
Hischere, two small isls. among the Hebrides.
Lon. 7. 40. W. Lat. 57. 37. N.
Hisholt, X. Sweden,in Smaland; 20 SE. Halm
stadt. Hisingen, small island in foe North sea, near
the coast of Sweden, at the mouth of the Go
tha, about 16 miles long, and 6 broad, contain
ing 7 parishes. The town of Gottenburg was
first built on this island. Lon. 11.48. E. Lat
57. 45. N.
Hismo, X. Albania, at the mouth of a river ;
16 NNE. Durazzo.
Hispalis, or Hispalia, now Seville.
Hispagnac, X. France, in Lozere ; 9 S. Mende.
Pop. 1,405.
Hispania, ancient name of Spain
HISPANIOLA, a large island in the West In
dies, more commonly called St. Domingo. See
St. Domingo.
Hispellum, now Spello.
Hispiratis, now Ispira.
Hissar, circar, Hind., in the subah of Delhi,
bounded N. by Sirhind, E. by Ballogistan, S. by
Nardeck, and W. by Moultan. The Sursooty
crosses it from N. to S., and passes by Hissar,
the capital.
Hissar Ferozeh, X. Hind., capital of a circar,
in Delhi, near the river Sursooty ; 75 W. Delhi.
Lon. 76. 4. E. Lat. 28. 40. N.
Hisselung, X. Bengal ; 5 W. Ramgur.
Histo, X. Spain, New Castile ; 2 SW. Cuenca.
Histria, now Istria.
Hit, (an. Is, and AHliopolis,) t. Arabian Irak,
on a river of the same name, which soon after
runs into the Euphrates ; 100 W. Bagdad, 190
S. Mosul. Pop. 1,000.- In the neighbourhood is
found a spring of naphtha and bitumen.
Hila, t. Spain, New Castile ; 13 N. Guada
laxara. Hitchin, X. Eng., in Hertfordshire, with a large
weekly market on Tuesday ; 16 SSE. Bedford,
34 N. London. Lon.-O. 16. W. Lat. 51. 48. N.
Pop. 3,608.
Hitchendery, X. Morung ; 38 ESE. Amerpour.
Hitero, X. Spain, Navarre ; 10 W. Tudela.
HitAe, or Hylhe, or East HitAe, t. Eng., in Kent,
and one of the Cinque ports ; 7 SW. Dover, 68
SE. London, Lon. 1.6. E. Lat. 51. 4. N. Fop.
2,318. It was formerly a seaport, but the har
bour is now choaked up. There is a remarkable
pile of dry bones in the town, 28 feet long, 6
broad, and 8 high, and which appear, by an in
scription, to be the remains of the Danes and
Britons killed in a battle near this place, before
foe Norman conquest. Some of the bones are
very gigantic. It sends two members to parlia
ment, and has a market on Saturday.
Hitsacker, or Hitzaker, X. Han., in Luneburg,
on an island in the Jetee ; 29 E. Luneburg, 56
NE. Zelle. Lon. 12. 12. E. Lat. 53. 17. N. Pop.
6fJ>.

Hiilendorf X. Austria;" 13 W. Zistersdorf.
Hittero, or Hitteren, island in the Northern
ocean, near the coast of Norway. Lon. 8. 20.
E. Lat. 63. 32. N.
Hilt, city, China of the second rank, in Ho
nan ; 377 SSW. Peking. Lon. 113. 35. E. Lat.
34. 5. N.
Hiu-chi,X. China,of the third rank, in Ho-nan ;
22 SSW. Kai-fong.
Hiwassee, r. in the country of the Cherokees.
It rises in Georgia, flows into Tennessee, and
joins Tennessee river, about 12 SW. Washing
ton, near Hiwassee garrison.
Hlawitz, X. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 4 SW. Aycha.
Hlinsko, X. Bohemia, Chrudim ; 12 S. Chru
dim. Pop. 1,680.
Hliwino, X. Rus. Minsk ; 44 E. Minsk.
Hluboka, see Frauenberg.
Hlubost, X. Bohemia, in Beraun ; 5 NNE.
Przibram. Hluk, X. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 6 SSE. Hra
disch. Pop. 1,437.
Hlumcza, X. Volhynia ; 60 NNW. Zytomiers.
Hlusk Paharyak, t. Rus. Minsk ; 48 W. Ro
haczow. Hnariz, t. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 4 SE. Turnau.
Ho, t. China, in Se-tchuen ; 796 SW. Peking.
Lon. 105. E. Lat. 30. 8. N.
Ho, city, China, of the second rank, in Chen-
si ; 600 WSW. Peking. Lon. 102. 34. E. Lat.
35. 48. N.
Ho, X. China of the third rank, in Quang-si ;
47 ESE. Pin-lo.
Ho, city, China, of foe second rank, in Ki
ang-nan ; 515 S. Peking. Lon. 117, 54. E. Lat
31. 42. N.
Hoa, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-si ;
465 SW. Peking. Lon. 109. 26. E. Lat. 34.
28. N.
Hoa, city, China, ofthe second rank, Quang-
tong; 175 SSW. Peking. Lon. 109.49. E. Lat.
21. 38. N.
Hoa, t. China, of the third rank, Quang-tong ;
20 N. Quang-tcheou.
Hoa, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-tche-li ;
25 WSW. Cay.
Hoai, r. China, in Chang-tong, which runs
into the sea, 18 W. Laitcheou.
Hoai, r. China, which rises in Ho-nan, and
empties itself into lake Hong-tse, 45 E. Fong-
yang. Hoai-gin, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si ; 12 S. Tai-tong.
Hoai-in, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si ; 15 S. Tong.
Hoai-king, city, China, of the first rank, in
Ho-nan; 315 SSW. Peking. Lon. 112. 34. E.
Lat 35. 6. N.
Hoai-ngan, city, China, of the first rank; in
Kiang-nan ; 415 SSE. Peking. Lon. IIS. 50. E.
Lat. 53. 35. N. This city is situated in a marshy
soil, and enclosed with a triple wall, near a
canal, which is above the level of the town, and
it would be in danger of being inundated, if
great care were not constantly taken to secure
the dikes.
Hoa-jo, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-tche-
li ; 27 NNE. Peking.
Hoai-tci, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
si ; 60 NE.Ou-tcheou:'

Hob

750

HOC

Hoai-yuen, X. China, of the third rank, Kiang-
nan ; 17 NW. Fong-yang.
Hoai-yu-keou, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 117.
22. E. Lat. 40. 54. N.
Hoai-unen;X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
si ; 17 NW. Yong-ngan.
Hoan, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-si;
40 NW. Kiang-yang.
Hoang, X. China, of the third rank, in Chang-
tong ; 15 SW. Teng-tcheou.
Hoang, city, China, of the second rank, in
Hou-quang ; 865 SSW. Peking. Lon. 108. 32.
E. Lat. 27. 18. N.
• Hoang-Ho, or Hoang, or Yellow River, r. Chi-
na^which rises in the. mountains situated in NW.
part of China, and after a course of upwards of
2,000 miles, through Tartary and China, emp
ties itself into the Eastern sea, Lon. 119. 44. E.
Lat. 34. 5. N. It is broad and rapid, but so
shallow that it is hardly navigable. It often
overflows its banks, so that it has been found
necessary to raise dikes in many places, on the
sides of the river, and ever, round many towns
in Ho-nan. The name is derived from the colour
of the clay or sand at the bottom and sides.
Hoang, X. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 15 SE. Tai-tcheou.
Hoang-mei, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang'; 70 SE. Hoang-tcheou.
Hoang^ngan, t. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang ; 50 N. Ou-tchang.
Hoang-pi, t. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang; 40 SE. Te-ngan.
Hoang-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Hou-quang. on the Yang-tse; 585 S. Peking.
Lon. 114.26. E. La*. 38. 28. N.
Hoang-tcheou, i. Corea, in Hoanhai ; 85
NNW. King-ki-tao. Lon. 125. 52. E. Lat 38.
42. N.
Hoang-lsi, t China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 50 ESE. Hoang-tcheou.
Hoan-kou, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Chan-
si, on foe river Hoang ; 42 E. Kiai.
Hoaipinsu, small island in the Chinese sea,
belonging tothe group called Lieou-Kieou. Lon.
122. 40. E. Lat. 25. 40. N.
Hoatchit, country, Chinese Tartary, governed
by a Mongul prince, tributary to the empire,
formed into two standards ; situated to the N.
of Peking. Lat. 44. N.
Hoath, (Hill of) promontory, Ireland, on W.
coast, N. ofthe entrance into Dublin bay.
Hoa-ling, X. China, of foe third rank, in Chan-
si ; 15 S.Pin-leang.
Hoa-tsiang, X. Thibet; 30 ESE. Hami. Lon.
99.- 19. E. Lati 40. 55. N.
Hoay-lm),X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 12 SW. Yen-king.
Hoay-ngan, X. China, of foe third rank, in Pe-
tche-li : 37 N. Yu.
Hoa-yong, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 25 W. Ye-tcheou.
Hobart Town, X. Van Diemen's land, the prin
cipal town of the island, on the Derwent, 12
miles above its entrance into Sullivan's cove.
It has a picturesque situation at the foot of
Table, or Wellington mountain, which is up
wards of 4,000 feet high. The town is exten
sive, regularly laid out, and has 11 streets, a
church, a government house, a jail, barracks,

and several handsome brick houses ; though
most of the houses are of wood. The climate
is healthy and temperate. It is the chief town
of an English settlement on the Derwent,
which contained, in 1818, 2,804 inhabitants, of
whom 1,348 were convicts. A weekly gazette
is printed here.
Ho-basch, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 44 E. Zebid.
Lon. 44. E. Lat. 4. 18. N.
Hobb's Hole, see Tappahannock.
Hobbies, see Carrantasca Shoal.
Hobbies Keys, cluster of islets and rocks in
the Spanish Main, near the Mosquito shore.
Lon. 82. 50. W. Lat. 12. 18. N.
Hobeira, fortress, Arabian Irak ; 70 S. Bagdad,
Hobibgunge, t. Bengal ; 54 SSW. Dacca.
Hobitnagur, X. Bengal ; 47 NE. Dacca.
Hoboken, p-v. fa tract, Burgen co. N. J., on W.
bank of the Hudson, opposite to the New-York
State Prison, which is I i miles above the New-
York City Hall ; W. 231.
Hobroe, X. Denmark, in North Jutland, and
diocess of Wiborg ; 16 NE. Wiborg. Lon. 9.
49. E. Lat. 56. 38. N.
Hoby, t. Sweden, in Sundermanland ; 15 NW.
Nikioping. Hochattingen, t. Bav., in Rezat, district of
Oettingen. Pop. 914.
Hochaus, X. Austria; 9 SSW. Aigen.
Hochberg, ci-devant marquisate, Ger., annex
ed to the margravate of Baden, which took its
name from an ancient castle, situated 2 NE.
Emmendingen,the principal town.
Hochenau, X. Austria, on the March ; 9 ENE.
Zistersdorff. Pop. 1,232.
Hocheneg, X. Stiria ; 6 SW. Pettau.
Hoch-Erliz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 8
N. Geyersberg.
Hochfelden, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 9
WSW. Haguenau, 12 NW. Strasburg. Pop.1,620.
Hochgmuhling, mt. Salzburg; 8,900 feet high.
Hochheim, X. Ger., in Nassau ; 4 NE. Mentz,
20 W. Frankfort. Pop. 1,800. It is celebrated
for its wine, familiarly called Hock. It is situ
ated 4 miles from the Rhine, on an eminence,
finely exposed to the sun. The choice wine
is produced on a little elevation of only 8 acres.
Hochheim, t. Bav., on the Maine ; 7 SE. Carl
stadt. Hochhorn, one of foe highest mountains in
Salzburg, on the S. frontier ; 11,054 feet above
the sea.
Hochkirchen, X. Sax. Lusatia ; 6 SE. Budissen.
In foe year 1758, the king of Prussia was de
feated near this place.
Hochland, or Highland, or Hogland, island or
rock in the Baltic, of an oblong form, about 8
miles in circ. Lon. 27. E. Lat 60. 3. N. There
are two light-houses on it. The inhabitants,
about 30 families, are Finns.
Hochlede, see Hooglede.
Hochleve, see Petershagen.
Ho-choui, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Chan-
si ; 12 E. Kiang-yang.
Hochscheid, t. Pru. Coblentz ; 7 SE. Traar-
bach. Hochst, t. Hesse ; 11 N. Erbach.
Hochst, X. Nassau, on foe Maine ; 6 W. Frank
fort, 14 NE. Mentz. Pop. 1,600.
Hochst tull, X. Bohemia, in Buntslau ; 11 mites
from Turnau. H. 174.

HOE

751

HOP

Hockstadt, t. Ger., in Hanau ; 3 NW. Hanau.
Hochstatt, or Hochstett, X. Bavaria, in Upper
Danube, capital of a district, on the Danube ;
19 NW. Augsburg, 29 W. Neuburg. Pop. 2,330.
H. 392. Near this place was fought the cele
brated battle of Blenheim. See Blenheim. In
1800, the Austrians were defeated here by the
French, with the loss of 400 prisoners, besides
killed and wounded.
Hockstatt, X. Bav., on theAisch; 11 NW. Er
langen, 13 S. Bamberg. Lon. 10. 47. E. Lat. 49.
46. N. Pop. 1,300.
Hochster, see Hoxter.
Ho-chun, X. China, of the third rank, In Chan-
si ; 32 S. Ping-ting.
Hochweish, t. Hungary ; 20 WNW. Kremnitz.
Hockanum, small r. Connecticut, which runs
SW. into the Connecticut, in East Hartford.
Hockerland, or Oberland, see Oberland.
Hockhocking, r. Ohio, which rises in Fairfield
CO., and runs into the Ohio at Troy, 25 miles
below Marietta. Near its source, 7 miles NE.
Lancaster, there is a romantic cascade ; the
water falls over a stratum of rock upwards of
40 feet in perpendicular height. A flour mill,
6 storieshigh, is erected on these falls. Twenty-
five miles below, there is another perpendicular
fall of 7 feet. Except the interruption at the
lower falls, and other places by mill dams, this
river is navigable for large boats 70 miles.
Hocking, co. Ohio. Fop. 2,130. Chief town,
Logan. Hocking, X. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 2,236.
Hocksenberg, X. Prussia ; 30 W. Dantzic.
Hockstadt, X. Bav. ; 2 WSW. Ochsenfurt
Hodat, s-p. Sweden, in W. Gothland, on the
coast of the North sea ; 45 NNW. Uddevalla.
Hbdam, X. Scot, Dumfries ; 10 E. Dumfries.
Hodder, r. Eng., which runs into the Ribble,
6 N.Blackburn, in Lancashire.
Hoddesdon, X. Eng., in Hertfordshire, near the
river Lea, with a small market; 4 S. Hertford,
17 N. London. Lat. 51. 46. N. Pop. 1,249.
Hodeida, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, with a
harbour fit for only small vessels ; 90 NNW.
Mocha, 96 SW. Sana. Lon. 42. 40. E. Lat. 14.
39. N.
Hodemunden, see Hedemunden.
Hoden, X. Africa, in Sahara. Lon. 12. W.
Lat. 19. 25. N.
Hodimont, t. Neth., in Liege ; 14 NW. Mal-
medy. Pop. 2,000.
HodOning, see Goding.
Hoduciszki, X. Rus. Wilna ; 36 S. Braslau.
Hadic, small French island, in the English
channel, near the coast of the department of
Morbihan ; about 9 miles E. Belle-Isle, 12 SE.
from the peninsula of Quiberon. Lon. 2. 46. E.
Lat. 47. 41. N. It has a town or village of the
same name, and a fort. Pop. 250.
Hoei, city, China, of the second rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 827 SW. Peking. Lon. 103. 19. E. Lat.
31. 28. N.
Hovi-fan-Hotun, X. Chinese Tartary; 600
ENE. Peking. Lon. 125. 49. E. Lat 42. 46. N.
Hoei-hoa, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Yun
nan ; 12 NE. Tching-kiang.
flbei-ti, t. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen; 1,060 SW. Peking. Lon. 102. 33. E.
Lat 26. 34. N.

Hoei-nan, t.- China, of the third rank, in
Chan-si ; 32 NE. Si-ngan.
Hoei-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chan-si ; 37 S. Ling.
Hoei-ngan, X. China, of foe third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 12 NE. Siuen-tcheou.
Hoei-tchang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 52 ESE. Kan-tcheou.
Hoe-tcheou, city, China, of foe first rank, in
Kiang-nan; 625 S. Peking. Lon. 118. 14. E.
Lat. 29. 57., N. This is one ofthe richest and
most commercial cities in the province ; the
air is mild and healthy ; there are some mines
of gold, silver, and copper, in the neighbouring
mountains ; the best tea grows in foe environs,
and the japanned work in this town is reckoned
equal or superior to any other.
Hoei-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank/in
Quang-tong; 1,010 S. Peking. LOn. 114. E.
Lat. 23. 1. N,
Hoei-long, t. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang; 15 N. Tsin.
Hoe-tong, X. China, of the third rank, in->tht.i
island of Hainan ; 45 SSE. Kiong-tcheou.
Hoei-yuen, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chan-si ; 22 WNW. Kong-tchang.
Hoe-kia, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 25 SW. Oue-kiun.
Hoemah, X. on S. coast of the island of Bour-
ro. Lon. 127. 22. E. Lat. 3. 50. S.
Hoen, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan,
on the river Ho-ang ; 12 SE. Hoai-king.
Hoenfurst, X. Prussia ; 23 NNW. Heilsberg:
Hoensee, t. Prussia, in Samland; 12 ESE.
Goldap. Hoerden, or Horde, X. Pru. Arensberg, on foe
Emster ; 4 SE. Dortmund.
Harea,X. Morea ; 27 NW. Misitra.
Hoeromsk, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 16
SSW. Christiania.
Hcessering, X. Han. Luneburg Zelle, on the
Hardan ; 22 NE. Zelle.
Hoey-nim Hotun, X. Corea. Lon. 129. 18. E
Lat. 42. 38. N.
Hof X. Salzburg; 40 S. Salzburg. Pop. 800.
Hof X. Austria; 22 SE. Vienna. Pop. F,000.
Hof, or Hoff, or Die Stadtzum Hoff, X. Bav.
Upper Maine, on the Saale, which divides it
into Old and New Town ; 22 NNE. Bayreuth,
46 NE. Bamberg. Lon. 12. 30. E. Lat. 50. 18.
N. Pop. 4,809. It has 3 fauxbourgs, 4 Luth
eran churches, a hospital, a gymnasium,' and a
woollen manufacture.
Hof, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus; 36 N. Berga.
Hofern, X. Austria; 25 NNW. Windisgarten.
Hoff, X. MOravia,. in Olmutz ; 14 SW. Trop
pau, 18 NE. Olmutz. Lon. 17. 27. E. Lat. 4P.
46. N. Pop. 1,660.
Hoff, X. Bavaria; 4 S. Geroltzhofen.
Hoff, r. Westphalia, which runs into the
Roer, opposite to Arensberg.
Hoff, X. Prussia, in Natangen ; 4 S. Landsberg.
In January 1807, the Prussians were defeated
near this place by the French.
Hoffelien,X. Austria; 3 SW. Hardeck.
Hoffheim, X. Bav. ; 8 SSE. Konigsbofen.
Hoffkirchen, X. Austria ; 10 S. Aigen.
Hqfftitz, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 5 SE.
Tetschen. Hoffmorckt, X. Austria, on the river'March ;
20 SSE. Zistersdorf, 26 ENE. Vienna.

HOG

752

HOH

ttoffmarkt, (Furth,) X. Bav., on the Rednitz;
5 NW. Nuremberg. The Jews are numerous,
and have a school and printing house at this
place. ,
Hoffstadten, t. Ger., in Coburg ; 5 E. Coburg.
Hoffztelten, X. Bavaria ; 6 ESE. Aichstatt.
Hofftenden, t. Bavaria; 2 S. Gemunden.
Hoffwa, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 80
NE. Uddevalla. Here is a post-office and a
custom-house. Hofheim, X. Hesse, on the Rhine, opposite to
Worms. Pop. 962.
Hofheim, X. Nassau ; 8 NE. Mentz. Pop. 1,200.
Hoflein, X. Austria ; 3 NE. Bruck.
Hofmanstorp, t. Sweden, in Smaland; 12 SE.
Wexio. Hofs Jokul, mt. Iceland ; 50 S. Hola.
Hofstotten, X. Austria ; 8 S. St. Polten.
Hofterwitz, X. Sax., Meissen ; 6 SE. Dresden.
Hofwyl, v. Switz., in Berne ; 2 leagues from
Berne. At this place is the celebrated institu
tion of Mr. Fellenburg, which was first put in
to complete operation in about 1S08, though
the plan was devised about 10 years before. It
is composed of an academy, an agricultural in
stitute, connected with a small experimental
farm, and a manufactory of farming machin
ery and implements. The groundwork of the
establishment is a farm of 220 acres, which is
cultivated by Mr. Fellenburg, and which em
ploys 30 or 40 poor children. The academy
consists of 50 or 60 pupils, chiefly of Patrician
families. The success of Mr. Fellenburg has
been such as to excite the admiration of all that
visit Hofwyl. The distinguishing excellence of
his operations consists in the practical details
which comprise an infinite variety of ingenious
methods for economising his resources, and
gaining his ends by sure means.
Hog, t . Sweden, in Helsingland ; 5 NW.
Hudwickswall. Hog Island, isl. on the coast of Maine, Han
cock co. Pop. 5.
Hog Island, isl. in Narraganset bay, R. I., 2
miles in circuit ; 2 SW. Bristol.
Hog Island, small isl. in Pamlico sound, near
the coast of N. Carolina. Lon. 76. 36. W. Lat
34. 56. N.
Hog Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75. 42. W. Lat. 37.
30. N.
Hog Island, one of the smaller Shetland isl
ands, near the coast of Mainland. Lon. 1. 12.
W. Lat. 60. 30. N.
Hog Island, small isl. in the East Indian sea,
near E. coast of Palawan. Lon. 119. 36. E.
Lat. 10. 18. N.
Hog Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 40 miles
long, and 6 broad ; 60 W. Sumatra. Lon. 95.
50. E. Lat 2. 30. N.
Hog Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about
20 miles in circumference. Lon. 114. 55. E.
Lat. 7. 5. S.
Hog Island, isl. in foe E. Indian sea, near W.
coast of Saleyer, 15 miles long, and 6 broad.
Lon. 120. 45. E. Lat. 6. 12. S.
Hog Islands, cluster of small islands near SW.
coast of Ireland, and county of Kerry, between
Ballinaskelling bay and the mouth of Kenmare
river ; 4 S. Hog's Head.

Hog's Head, cape on W. coast of Ireland, in
the countiy of Kerry. Lon. 10. 15. W. Lat. 51.
45. N.
Hogbo; X. Sweden, Greslricia ; 9 W. Geflle.
Hogdal, (Ofver,) X. Sweden, in Harjeadalen ;
76 NW. Hudwickswall.
Hogdal, (Utter,) X. Sweden, in Helsingland ;'
70 NW. Hudwickswall.
Hogden, small isl. in the gulf of Finland. Lon.
26. 40. E. Lat. 59. 33. N.
Hogenpour, t. Hind., in Bednore ; 15 N. Sa-
crapatam. Hogestown, p-t. Cumberland co. Pa.; 9 Har
risburg, W. 110.
Hoggenberg, t. Austria ; 12 SW. Freystadt.
Hoghton, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 5 W. Black
burn. Pop. 1,698.
Hogkne, X. A. Turkey, Mosul ; 32 W. Mosul.
Hogland, small island in the gulf of Finland.
Lon. 26. 58. E. Lat. 60. N.
Hogland, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 32 N.
Frederickstadt. Hogolin, one of the Caroline Islands, or New
Philippines. Hogrogula, X. Samogitia ; 15 S. Rosienne.
Hogsby, t Sweden, Smaland ; 33 N. Calmar.
Hogsio, X. Sweden, in Angermannland ; 14
NNW. Hernosand.
Hogsla, X. Sweden, in Upland ; 7 N. Upsal.
Hogsties, one of the small Bahama islands,
surrounded with rocks. Lon. 73. 50. W. Lat. 21.
40. N.
Hogsund, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 23 SW.
Christiania. Hogton, see Hamilton, N. C.
Hogue, (La,) X. France, in Channel ; 5 S. Bar-
fleur, 8 ENE. Valognes. Lon. 1. 11. W. Lat
49. 35. N. Pop. 2,011. In the year 1692, the
English fleet, under the command of admiral
Russel, obtained a victory over the French, in
the English channel, opposite to this town ; and
from thence called the battle of La Hogue, in
which 15 French men of war were taken, burn
ed, or destroyed.
Hogue, (Belle,) cape on N. coast of the island
of Jersey ; 5 N. St, Helier.
Hogwalta, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 30 NW.
Carlstadt. Hogyerz, t. Hungary, in Tolna ; 18 W. Tolna,
78 S. by W. Buda. Pop. 3,000.
HoAoacA,t.Baden,in Jaxt, and district of Blau-
felden, on the Jaxt. Pop. 639.
Holie, r. which runs into foe Alter, near Hu-
dermuhlen, in Luneburg-Zelle.
Hohe Nerung, tongue of land extending from
N. coast of Pomerania into the Baltic. Lon. 18.
20. E. Lat. 54. 36. N.
Hohe-Ofen, X. Brandenburg, in the middle
Mark ; 6 N. New Ruppin.
Hohefahl, r. Silesia, which runs into the Billau,
in Neisse.
Hohekirch, v. Silesia, in Glogau; 8 S. Gros
Glogau. Hohemauth, or Wissoky-Meytz; X. Bohemia, on
the Meyta; 17 E. Chrudim. H. 600.
Hohen, or Yom-tim, r. China, which mns into
lake Pay, in Pe-tche-li.
Hohenburg, X. Austria, on foe river Trasen ;
20 W. Ebenfurth.
Hohen-Elb, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 16

HOH

753

HOL

NE. Gitschin, 23 N. Konigingratz. Lon. 15. 30.
E. Lat. 50. 30. N.
Hohen Friedeberg, X. Silesia, Schweidnitz ; 5
NNW. Freyburg, 5 SW. Striegau. Pop. 504.
Hohen Geroldseck, see Geroldseek.
Hohen Gurschdorf X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 4 W.
Grotkau. Hohen Limburg, t. Pru. Arensberg ; 9 S.
Schwiert. Pop. 1,434. f
Hohen Ruperstorff, t. Austria ; 5 SW. Zisters-
dorff, 15 NE. Vienna.
Hohen Rhune, see Horn.
Hohenberg, co. and principality, Swabia, situ
ated in the Black Forest, and now belonging to
Wurtemberg. It is divided into Upper fa Lower
counties, which lie at some distance from each
other. The principal towns are Rottenburg,
Ehingen, Hord, and Schramberg.
Hohenberg, X. Bav.; 10 ENE. Wunsiedel.
Hohenberg, X. Bav. ; 5 ENE. Kupferberg.
Hohenbruck, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 5
E. Konigingratz. Pop. 1,400.
Hohenbucka, X. Saxony ; 6 NE. Schlieben.
Hohendsperg, or Hohen-Asperg, v. fa fortress,
Wurt., on the Neckar ; 6 N. Stuttgard.
Hoheneck, t. fa castlerBav.; 14 N. Anspach.
Hoheneck, citadel, Tyrol ; 20 ENE. Bregentz.
Hohenembs, X. Austria ; 10 S. Bregentz. Pop.
1,200. It gave name to a county situated S. of
the lake of Constance, which takes its name
from two strong castles, called Old and New
Hohenembs. Hohenested, X. Holstein ; 10 NW. Nordtorp.
Hohenfeld, X. Holstein ; 6 NW. Lutkenborg.
Hohenfels, X. Bavaria; 13 NNE. Dietfurt, 17
NNW. Ratisbon. Pop. 587.
Hohen-Friedberg, see Friedberg.
Hohenfurth, X. Bohemia, in Prachatitz ; on the
Muldau ; 4 SSW. Rosenburg. H. 137. It is re
markable for pearls found in the river.
Hohenkuben, X. Ger., in Reuss; 7 E. Gera.
Pop. 1,890.
Hohenlinden, v. Bavaria, in Iser ; 20 E. Mu
nich. H. 40. Dec. 3, 1800, a bloody battle was
fought here between the Austrians, under Kle-
nau,and the French, under Moreau; the French
remained masters of foe field, with 80 pieces of
cannon, 200 caissons, lOjOOOiprisoners^with 3
general officers. Preliminaries of peace were
soon after signed at the same place.
Hohenlohe, district, Ger., in Franconia, for
merly a separate principality. The country is
composed of mountains, valleys, and plains,
and is watered by the Jaxt, Tauber, fa Kocher.
Produce,' corn, flax, vines, wood, fa iron. Pop.
63,969 ; mostly Lutherans. Sq. m. 466. The
small district of Schillingsfurth, with 2,938, be
longs to Bavaria ; all the rest belongs to Wurt
emberg, and lies in the NE. part of the king
dom. Hohenmaut, or Wissoky-meyto, X. Bohemia, in
Chrudim, with a small territory annexed ; 14
E. Chrudim, 22 SSE. Konigingratz. Lon. 15. 56.
E. Lat. 49. 54. N. Pop. 3,626.
Hohensehau, X. Bav.; near it are iron mines
and forges ; 30 W, Salzburg, 42 SE. Munich.
Hohen- Schwangau, X. Bav.; 1 SW. Fuessen,
20 SSW. Weilhafm.
Hohen- Solms, t. Pru. Coblentz, which gave title
of count to a branch of t he house of Solms ; 5
Vol. I. 95

NNE. Wetelar, 38 NNE. Mentz. Lon. 8. 35. E.
Lat. 50. 38. N. Pop. 435.
Hohenstadt, or Zabrech, X. Moravia, Olmutz ;
24 NW. Olmutz. Lon. 16. 41. E. Lat. 49. 49. N.
Pop. 1,494.
Hohenstadt, X. Pru. Westphalia; 24 NE. Schlei-
chingen. Hohenstain, t. Austria ; 8 W. Crems:
jHoAensfa«/en,t.Wurt.; 18 Stuttgard. Pop.863.
Hohenstein, X. Holstein; 3 SW. Oldeburg.
Hohenstein, X. Prussia ; 66 SSW. Konigsberg.
Lon. 20. 15. E. Lat. 53. 27. N. Pop. 1,082.
Hohenstein, or Holmstein, t. Saxony, Meissen ;
5 S. Stolpen, 8 ENE. Pirna. Lon. 14. 10. E.
Lat 50. 56. N. Pop. 600.
Hohenstein, X. Saxony, in Schonburg; 7 E.
Glauchau, 7 W. Chemnitz. Pop. 2,950.
Hohenstein, or Hohnstein, co. Ger., formerly
a separate principality ; now divided between
Hanover and Prussia.
Hohenstein X. Bav. ; 4 N. Herrsbruck.
HohentrUdingen, X. Bav.; 15 S. Anspach.
Hohentweil, fortress, Wurt, insulated in Nel-
lenburg; 6 NW.Radolfszell,8 NE.Schaffhausen.
Hohenwart, X. Bav.; 9 S. lngolstadt, 28 NNW.
Munich. Pop. 895.
Hohenwarth, X. Austria ; 5 SE. Meissau.
Hohenzollern, small sovereignty, Swabia, sur
rounded by Wurtemberg and Baden, and di
vided into two principalities, Hohenzollern-
Hechingcn,fa Hohenzollern-Sieginaringen. The
religion of both is Catholic. The surface ofthe
country is hilly, and better adapted to pasture
than corn ; a great part of it is covered with for
ests. Pop. of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, 14,500.
Sq.m. 95. Chief town, Hechingen. Pop. ofHo-
henzollern-Siegmaringen, 38,500. Sq. m._429.
Chief town, Siegmaringen.
Hohilpa Indians, in N. A., on Clark's river, in
the Rocky mountains. No. 300.
Hohimar, X. Transylvania; 9 S. Weisemburg.
Hohkirch, v. Sax. Lusatia, near Budissen. In
1758, the king of Prussia was surprised in his
camp here by count Daun : the action was very
bloody, but not decisive ; the Prussians lost
7,000 men, killed, .wounded, and prisoners, with
several pieces of cannon. The Austrians had
5,000 killed and wounded.
Hohn, i . county of Mark, which runs into the
Lehn, near Werdohl.
Hohnhard, X. Wurt, 4 SSE. Creilsheim.
Hoiet, small isl. in E. Indian sea, on the coast
ofQueda. Lon. 99. 47. E. Lat. 6. 36. N.
Hojilamsa, X. on E. coast of Celebes. Lon. .
124. 59. E. Lat. 0. 51. N.
Hoin, X. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 42 SSE. Ardebil.
Hoke Norton, v. Eng., in Oxford ; 5 NNE.
Chipping-Norton. Here the Danes were de
feated by the Saxons, under Edward the Elder.
about the year 914. Vestiges of the camps are
yet visible.
Ho-kien, city, China, of the first rank, in Pe-
tche-li, situated between two rivers well sup
plied with fish ; 87 S. Peking. Lon. 115. 43. E.
Lat. 38. 28. N.
Ho-kiu, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si ; 30 NW. Ko-lan.
Holabrun, X. Austria ; 2 N. Sonneberg.
Holabrun, X. Austria ; 7 N. Korn Neuburg.
Holaiva, or Hoolaiva, one of the Hapage isl-

HOL

754

HOL

ands, in the S. Pacific ocean, uncultivated and
uninhabited ; 30 NNE. Annamooka. Lon. 185.
36. E. Lat. 19. 52. N. The trees and plants are
similar to those of Lefooga, to whichit.is join
ed by a reef that is dry at low water.
Holamin, small isl. Scot., near SW. coast of
Mull. Lon. 61. 21. W. Lat. 59. 19. N. .
Holands, X. Norway, in Christiansand ; 8. S.
Stavanger. Holaten, X. Volhynia; 24 SW. Lucko.
Holbeach, or Holdbeach, X. Eng., in Lincoln
shire, with a weekly market on Thursday ; 8
ENE. Spalding, 108 N. London. Lon. 0. 57. W.
Lat. 52.48. N. Pop. 2,692.
Holbeck, s-p. Denmark, in the isl. of Zealand,
situated in the gulf of Isefiord, with a good har
bour, from which great quantities of corn are
annually exported ; 30 W. Copenhagen. Lon.
1 1. 44. E. Lat. 55. 42. N. Pop. 1,200. It is the
capital of a district containing 45,300 inh. and
415 sq. m.
Holbeck, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the liberty
of Leeds. Pop. 5,124.
Holboum Island, small isl. near foe NE. coast
of New Holland; 20. NW. Cape Gloucester.
Holboum Head, cape, Scot, on the N. coast
of Caithness. Lon. 3. 21. W. Lat. 58. 39. N.
Hold with Hope, a headland on the coast of
Greenland. Lat. 73 N.
Holden, p-t. Worcester co. Mass.; 6 NNW.
Worcester, 46 W. Boston, W. 402. Pop. 1,402.
Holderness, p-t. Grafton co. N. H., on E. side
of the Merrimack; 5 E. Plymouth, W. 544.
Pop. 1,060.
Holderness, district, Eng., in Yorkshire, form
ing a promontory between the Humber and foe
German ocean.
Holdgaie, hamlet, Eng,, within the liberties
of York ; £ mile from the city.
Holdsworlhy, see Holsworthy.
Hole, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus; 15 NW.
Christiania. '
Hole in the Wall, v. Talbot co. Md., on E.
shore ; 7 S. Easton.
Hole in the Wall, see Abaco.
Hole Gass, place in Switz., near Kussnacht.
Here William Tell shot the Austrian governor,
who by his tyranny gave birth to the republic.
In memory of this event a chapel is built on foe
spot. Hole Town, X. Barbadoes, on W. coast. Lon.
58.31.W. Lat. 13. 12. N.
Holen, X. Norway, Aggerhuus ; IS Tonsberg.
Holenberg, X. Bav.; 7 E. Grosweinstein.
Holeneck, X. Stiria; 10 S. Voitsberg.
Holenpurg, or Hollenburg, X. Austria, on foe
Danube ; 5 SE. Mauttern.
Holenstein, X. Bav. ; 5 NW. Dietfurt.
Holeschau, or Hokssow, X. Moravia, in Pre
rau ; 8 SSE. Prerau, 20 SE.. Olmutz. Lon. 17.
32. E. Lat. 49. IS. N. Pop. 4,273 ; of whom
1,300 are Jews.
Holgate, r. Eng., which runs into the Swale,
3 WSW. Richmond, in York.
Holgleiten, X. Tyrol ; 20 W. Inspruck.
Holguin, X. Cuba. Pop. 6,000.
Holiday Island, in the Chowan, N. C; 15
miles from its mouth.
Holitsch, or Holicz, X. Hungary, in Neutra,
on foe Morava ; 34 SE. Brunn, 46 N. Presburg.
Lat. 48. 48. N. Pop. 4,000.

Holitz, t. Bohemia, Chrudim ; 10 NE. Chru
dim. H. 267.
Holkaberg, X. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 3&
SW. Linkioping.
Holker, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 3 SW. C'art-
mel. Pop. 934.
Holkham Bay, bay on W. coast of N. Ameri
ca, in Stephen's passage, the entrance into
point Coke and point Atley.
Holland, X. Orleans co. Vt ; 68 NNE. Mont
pelier. Pop. 100.
Holland, t. Hampden co. Mass.; 20 ESE,
Springfield, 75 WSW. Boston. Fop. 453.
Holland, p-t. Erie co. N. Y., about 12 SE.
Buffalo, W. 768. Pop. 768.
Holland, (New,) p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. ; 12
ENE. Lancaster, 64 WNW. Philadelphia, W.
130. Holland Islands, in Chesapeake bay, Md., N.
of Smith island, and W. of Fishing bay.
. Holland's Point, cape on the coast of Mary
land, in the Chesapeake ; 28 S. Annapolis".
Lon. 76. 40. W. Lat. 38. 42. N.
Holland, pr. Neth., bounded W. and N. by
the German sea, W. by the Zuyder Zee, Utrecht,
and Guelderland, and S. by North Brabant and
Zealand. Lat. 51. 40. to 53. 10. N. ; 90 miles
long, and from 25 to 40 broad. ' Sq. m. 2,088.
Pop. in 1732, 900,000; in 1796, 825,500; in 1817"
747,603. It is now divided into 2 governrrients,
North and South Holland.
North Holland is divided into 6 districts, the
Hague, Leyden, Rotterdam, Dort, Gorcum, and
Briel. Sq. m. 1,166. Pop. 388,508. South Hol
land is divided into 4 districts, Amsterdam,
Haerlem, Hoorn, and Alkmaer. Sq. m. 928.
Pop. 359,098. The prevailing religion is Cal
vinism. Holland is remarkable for the density of its
towns and villages, and for the triumph of per
severing industry over foe difficulties of nature.
It is a continued fiat, and lies so low as to be
under the level of the sea at high water; the
tide is prevented from flowing in by means of
dikes and natural sand banks. These dikes are
of great extent, generally 30 feet above the
level of the adjoining land, and 20 or 30 feet in
breadth at top ; and the imposts necessary to
keep them in repair are very heavy. The coun
try is in all directions traversed by numerous
canals and ditches, which are likewise provided
with dikes, and serve not only to promote in
ternal communication, but to drain the coun
try. Notwithstanding, foe sea, sometimes in
very stormy weather, breaks through its bounds
and spreads terror and devastation throughout
whole tracts.
The two great rivers are the Rhine and
Maese, the others, viz. the Vecht, Amstel, Zaam,
Schie, Rotte, and Spaaren, have so little cur
rent as to be more properly canals or water
courses. The principal lake is that of Haerlem.
There is no hill, or eminence, except the downs
by the sea side. The atmosphere is often cloudy;
the climate moist ; in some parts, especially in
N. Holland, unhealthy ; the winters are severe.
The soil is generally rich, consisting of a deep
fat loam. In the small portion of the province
which is under tillage, foe crops chiefly culti
vated, are wheat, madder, tobacco , hemp, arid

HOL

755

HOL

flax. The agricultural wealth consists in its
luxuriant pastures, which feed great, numbers
of horned cattle and sheep, which, '¦ together
with butter and cheese, form important arti
cles of export. — The manufactures and com
merce of Holland, heretofore very extensive,
were before 1814, reduced to the lowest state
of depression; nor have they yet recovered
their former prosperity. — The name of Holland
is often applied to the .Seven United Provinces,
viz. Holland, Groningen, Overyssel, Guelder
land, Utrecht, Zealand, and Friesland ; inhab
ited by the Dutch ; now forming a part of the
kingdom of foe Netherlands.
Holland, district, Eng., in Lincolnshire, situ
ated in SE. part, with the German sea on foe
E. and the counties of Cambridge, Northamp
ton, and Norfolk on the S., divided into Upper
and Lower, both of which consist of fens, bogs,
and marshes, drained and intersected in vari
ous ways by ditches and canals. The principal
towns are Boston, Spalding, Crowland, and
Holbeach. Holland, t. Prussia, strongly fortified, near
foe Weeske ; 40 SE. Dantzic, 52 SW. Konigs
berg. Lon. 19. 37. E. Lat. 54. 2. N. Pop. 2^833.
Holland, (New,) isl. in S. Pacific ocean, foe
largest in the world, and on account of its great
extent, by some geographers, styled a continent
Lon. 110. 30. to 153. 30. E. . Lat. 11. to 49. 10.
S. 2,600 miles from E. to W., between Sandy
Cape and the entrance of Shark's bay ; upwards
of 2,000 miles from Cape York on the N. to
Wilson's promontory on the S. It was first dis
covered about the beginning of the 17th cen
tury, then called Terra Australis Incognita, and
was long supposed to form a part of a great
southern continent. The coasts were first seen
by the Dutch in 1605 ; visited by Dirk Hartag,
a Dutchman, in 1616. In 1627,' Pieter Nuyts
discovered the coast for an extent of 1,000 m.
In 1642, it was visited byTasman ; in 1688, and
again in 1699 by Dampier; in 1770, by Cook;
in 1791, by Vancouver; afterwads by d'Entre-
casteaux, and others. In 1801,2 ships were
despatched by the British government to com
plete foe survey of the coast ; and by the va
rious expeditions the whole coast of New Hol
land and Van Diemen's land, has been accu
rately surveyed ; the position of every point
ascertained, and eveiy inlet and bay traced to
its conclusion.
The coasts are extremely diversified, having
in some parts ranges of small and- sterile isl
ands ; in other parts the shores are steep and
inaccessible ; on the northern coast, and in the
gulf of Carpentaria, they are very flat and san
dy. The interior for the most part remains
unexplored. The largest river yet discovered
is the Hawkesbury. The forests are said to be
inferior in majesty to those of America, and in
variety and elegance. to those of Asia. The
quadrupeds are different from those Of any
other quarter of the world, and are mostly of
the opossum species. The animals transported
from Europe have generally thriven well ; also
European grains ; but few of the European
fruits have succeeded. The inhabitants are the
most degraded race of savages. They are wholly
without any form of government ; the only su

periority consists in personal strength or cour
age ; and their only divisions, as a people, are
into families. They are of middle stature, have
a large misshapen head, thick lips, wide mouth,
long black hair, and a complexion nearly black.
They are exceedingly filthy in their habits, and'
as barbarous as can be imagined; both^sex'es
go entirely naked. They subsist chiefly on fish.
The English settlement of Botany Bay is in
New South Wales, on the south east coast.
See Botany Bay and New South Wales.
Hollanderoeeller Irsecat, small island, in the
North sea, near W. coast of East Greenland.
Lon. 46. 25. W.-Lat 60. 38. N.
Hollall, X. Austria, on foe Danube ; 6 NNW.
Bruck. Holkmoppo, X. on NW. coast of Timor. Lon.
124. 50. E. Lat. 9. S.
Hollenbach, t Wurt. ; 17 NE. Ohringen.
Hollenberg, X. Carinthia ; 4 S. Clagenfurt
Holley's Creek, r. N. C, which runs into the
Saluda, Lon. 81. 29. W. Eat. 34. 4. N.
Hollfeld, X. Bavaria, on the Wisent ; 15 E.
Bamberg; 16 W. Bayreuth. Pop. 900.
Hollidaysburg, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. ; W.
184. Hollis, or Phillipsburg, p-t. York co. Maine,
on the Saco ; 42.NNE. York, 124 NNE. Bos
ton, W. 567. Pop. 1,762.
Hollis, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 9 S. Am
herst, 40 NW. Boston, W. 480. Pop. 1,543.
Holliston, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 27 SW.
Boston, W. 412. Pop. 1,042.
Hollin, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 2 NW.
Gitschin. Hollodale, r. Scot., which runs into the N.
sea between the counties of Sutherland and
Caithness, 5 SE; Strathy Head.
Hollola, X. Finland ; 30 E. Tavasthus.
Hollompour, X. Bahar; 7 SW. Saseram.
Hollow, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. ; W. 506.
Holls, lake, Norway, in Aggerhuus, 70 N.
Christiania. Holm, one of the smaller Orkney islands, 1
E. Westra.
Holm, one of the smaller Orkney islands, 2
W. Eda.
Holm, small island among the Orkneys, be
tween Pomona and Hoy.
Holm, X. Sweden, in Angermannland; 40
NNW. Hernosand.
Holm, see Flat Holm, and Steep Holm.
Holm, general term for a small island fit for
pasture. Holm Abbey, or Holm Cultram, X. Eng., in
Cumberland ; 27 NW. Penrith, 310 N. London
Lon. 3. 12. W. Lat. 54. 45. N. Pop. 2,188. It
has a weekly market on Saturday.
Holm Island, small isl. on the coast of Essex
in a large bay. Lon. 1. 10. E. Lat. 51. 53. N. '
Holm Kirk,X. Pomona; 9 SE. Kirkwall. '
Holmanstown, p-t. Oxford, co. Maine • 74
Portland, W. 622.
Holmby, or Holdenby, v. Eng., in Northamp
tonshire ; 6 SW. Northampton. Here Charles
I. was confined after the Soots had sold him to
the Parliament.
Holmedon Hill, hill, Eng., in Northumber
land, on the borders of Scotland, where, in 1401
the Scots were defeated ; 700 Scots were killed'

HOL

756

HOL

Holmes Hole, a safe and commodious harbour
on N. side of Martha's Vineyard, in- the town
ship of Tisbury ; 86 SSE. Boston, W. 506. It
is formed by West and East Chops ; the former
of which is 2£, and the latter 2 miles from the
head of the harbour. The points are 2^ miles
apart. The depth of water is from 3^ to 8
fathoms. From 20 to 70 vessels, bound to Bos
ton or the eastward, are frequently seen here
waiting for a fair wind. From about 1,000 to
1,200 sail anchor here in the course of a year.
Here is a village which contains a meeting
house, a post office, and 70 or 80 houses.
Holmesburg, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pa. ; 9 NE.
Philadelphia, W. 147. Lon. 75. 4. W, Lat. 40.
2. N.
Holmestrand, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 30 S.
Christiania. Lon. 10. 30. E. Lat. 59. 30. N.
Pop. 863.
Holmcsvilk, p-t Pike co. Missouri ; 15 St.
Louis, W. 1,260.
Holmon, small isl. "on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 37. E. Lat. 63. 48. N.
Holo, X. Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 24 SW.
Stockholm. Holoczowska, X. Aust. Galicia ; 52 E.'Lemberg.
Holoklub, small isl. on W. side of the gulf Of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 7. E. Lat 60. 51. N.
Holomin, small isl. Scot.; near W. coast of
the island of Mull.
Holon, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-tche-
li; 12 WSW. Tching-ting.
ffolosic, X. Aust. Galicia ; 40 WNW. Lemberg.
Holowne, t. Poland, Chelm ; 28 NE. Chelm.
Holpolchi Kiamen, post of Chinese Tartary,
in the country of the Eluths. Lon. 99. 47. E.
Lat. 45. 28. N.
Holras, X. Norway, in Christiansand ; 12 SW.
Christiansand. Holru, t. Abyssinia ; 65 S. Mine.
Holsende, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 60. 32. N.
Holslebroe, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, on
a river not deep enough to be navigable, which
runs into the North sea; 24 W. Wiborg, 68 N.
Ripen. Lon. 9. 38. E- Lat 56. 22. N. Pop. 853.
The principal trade of the inhabitants consists
in corn, oxen, and, horses. \
Holstein, (Duchy of) country, Ger., in Low
er Saxony, belonging to Denmark. Including
the lordship of Penneberg, it is bounded N. by
the duchy of Sleswick and foe Baltic, E. by
the Baltic, S. by the duchy of Lauenberg, the
territories of Lubeck and Hamburg, and the
Elbe; and W. by the Elbe and the German
sea ; about 70 miles in length from E. to W.
and 48 in breadth from N. to S. Pop. in 1818,
360,000. Sq. m. 3,254. These districts consist
of excellent marsh land, producing wheat, bar
ley, oats, beans, peas, and rape-seed, in great
plenty, but its chief wealth is jn its pastures,
which give support to great numbers of horned
cattle, horses, and sheep. The principal towns
are Kiel, the capital, Altona, Gluckstadt, and
Rendsburg. The exports of Holstein are wheat,-
barley, malt, starch, buck-wheat, peas, beans,
rape-seed, horned cattle, sheep, rams, swine',
horses, poultry, butter, cheese, venison, and fish.
Holstein, castle, Silesia, in Jauer, formerly a
fortress of consequence ; 3 N. Loewenberg.

Holslon, r. Tennessee,.which rises in Virginia,
runs SW., and joins the Tennessee, , 22 miles
below Knoxville. It is 200 miles long, and
navigable for boats of ,25 tons 100 miles,
Holsworthy, or Holdsworthy, t. Eng., in De
von, with a weekly market on Saturday ; 41
W.Exeter, 214 W. London. Lon, 2. 41. W.
Lat. 50. 51. N. Pop. 1,045..
Holt, (Isle of) or Haute, isl. on E. side of Pe
nobscot bay, Maine ; 18 E. Owl's Head. Lon.
58, 40. W. Lat. 44. 4. N. It contains about
6,000 acres.
Holt, t. Eng., in Norfolk, with a market on
Saturday; 22 NW. Norwich, 122 NNE. Len-
don. Lon. 1. 5. E. Lat. 52. 54., N. Pop. 1,037.
Holt, t. Norway, in Christiansand ; 32 NNE.
Christiansand. Holt, t. N. Wales, in Denbigh ; 3 N. Wrex
ham, 196 NW.. London. Pop. 1,037. It had
anciently a eastle, called Leon's Castle.
Holt, v. Eng., in Wilts, with a medicinal
spring; 7 E. Bath.
Holt, or Holten, t. Pru. Cleves ; 27 SE. Cleves.
Lon. 6. 26. E. Lat. 51. 39. N. Pop. 744.
Holt, see Nevil's Holt.
Holtalen, t. Norway, in Drontheim ; 54 S.
Drontheim. Holten, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus; 15 NW.
Tongsberg. It is remarkable for its church,
which is cut out of a rock, and is very ancient;
supposed by Olaus Wormius to have been a
heathen temple.
Holten, v. Neth. Overyssel ; 14 SE. Wesel.
Pop. 2,984.
Holtenklingen, X. Holstein ; 3 WSW. Oldes-
lohe, 9 S. Segeborg.
Hollhausen, t. Pru. Minden ; 5 W. Buren.
Holtikirchen, t. Bav. ; 8 E. Wertheim.
Holtzhausen, X. Pru.. Munster ; 8 NW. Mun
ster. Holtzheim, X. Bav. ; 4 E. Carlstadt.
Holtzhirchausen, X. Bav. ; 8 SE. Wertheim.
Holtzhof v. Baden, between Manheim and
Neckerau, fortified by foe French.
Holtzkinhen, t Bavaria; 18 SSE. Munich, 25
E.Weilhaim. Holzminden, or Holtzmunden, Brunswick, cap
ital of a district, on the Weser, at the conflux
ofthe Holz; 21 W. Eimbeck, 28, NW. Gottin
gen. Pop. 3,304. It has a gymnasium, large
iron-works, and a brisk trade in wood.
Holtzmuhl, X. Bav..; 4 NNE. Wunsiedel.
Holvan, or Holwan, or HuVoan, (an. Albana,)
t. Arabian. Irak; 110 NNE. Bagdad. Lon. 44.
54. E. Lat 34. 50. N.
Holuan, t. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile; 12 S. Cairo.
Holum;oi Hoolum, or Ho/a, t. Iceland, at foe
mouth of a small river. Lon. 15. W. Lat. 65.
42. N. Bp.see. Here is a cathedral, a school,
and a printing-office.
Holyhead, s-p. N.Wales; 25 NW. Caernar
von, 276 NW. London. JLon. 4.32. W. Lat.
53. 23. N. Pop. 2,132. It is situated on NW.
extremity of the island of Anglesea, near the
Irish sea, with a convenient harbour, from
whence the packets, with the mail to Dublin,
sail regularly every day, except Tuesday, wind
and weather permitting; the passage is general
ly performed in about 12 hours. Here is a
weekly market on Saturday.

HOM

757

HON

Holy Island, isl. in foe German sea, near E.
coa t of England, and about 8 SE. from Ber
wick-upon-Tweed ; 8 miles in circ. It is other
wise called Lindisfarne, and was once the sec
of a bishop ; foe ruins of the cathedral are yet
visible. Lon. 1. 62. W. Lat. 55. 42. N.
Holy Land, see Palestine.
Holyoke, mt. Mass., in Hadley; 3 ESE.
Northampton ; 910 feet above the surface of
the Connecticut river. The top of this mount
ain affords an extensive and beautiful view of
•the surroun'ding'conntry. In a clear day, one
may here see the elevated peaks of N. H, the
Catskill mountains of N. Y., and the river as
far as Middietown. On W. side there are ba
saltic columns similar to those of the Giant's
Causeway. A road has been made to foe sum
mit ofthe mountain, and it has become a place
of resort for parties of pleasure, and admirers
of natural scenery.
Holy Spirit, see Tumbelau.
Holywell, X. N. Wales, in Flintshire ; 52 NNW.
Shrewsbury, 212 NW. London. Lon. 3. 22. W.
Lat. 54. 14. N. Pop. 5,567. It is chiefly cele
brated for a spring, called Saint Winifred's Well,
from whence it takes its name, and concerning
which many fables have been told. It issues
from the foot of a hill with great impetuosity,
and turns several mills erected for working
copper, making brass wire, paper, and snuff,
and winding cotton, fac It has a weekly mar
ket on Friday. '
Holzupfel, X. Nassau, capital of a county; 4
NE. Nassau. Lon. 7. 52. E. Lat. 50. 20. N.
Fop. 1 ,200. It is situated on the Lahn, at the
foot of a mountain, on which is the tower of an
ancient castle, the original seat of foe princes
of Nassau.
Holzhausen, X. Austria ; 3 N. Wells.
Holzing, X. Bav. ; 3 WNW. Weissemburg.
Pop. 400.
Holzkirchen, X. Bav.; 6 S. Oettingen.
Holzkirchen, X. Bav.; 9 E Wertheim.
Homa, X. Buenos Ayres; 15 S. Corrientes.
Homan, or Oman, t. Fez, in Habat, between
Alcacar-quiber and Arzilla.
ffomoerg, t. Bav. ; 3 N. Carlstadt, 16 NNW.
Wurzburg. Homberg, or Hamburg, X. Pru. Arensberg, in
Witgenstein, in Berg; 24 ESE. Cologne.
Homberg, or Hmnburg, X. Hesse Cassel, on
the Efze ; 1 1 SSE. Fritzlar, 20 S. Cassel. Lon.
9. 20. E. Lat. 51. 2. N. Pop. 2,869. This town
is called Homberg in Hesse ; it contains an iron
forge and a glass manufacture.
Homberg au der Ohm, X. Hesse, in Upper
Hesse, on the Ohm, with a castle situated on an
eminence ; 11 SE. Marburg, 15 NE. Giessen.
Lon. 9. 1. E. Lat. 50. 43. N. Pop. 1,569.
Homberg, or Homrig, X. Bav. Lower Maint;
14 W. Wertheim. Pop. 564.
Hombourg, X. France, in Moselle ; 4 E. Metz.
Pop. 1,500.
Homburg vor der Hohe, or Homburg in the
Mountains, or on the Height, X. Ger., capital of
the principality of Hesse-Homburg, belonging
to a branch of the house of Hesse, on foe Lahn ;
7 N. Frankfort on the Maine, 17 S. Wetzlar.
Lon. 8. 32. E. Lat. 50. 15. N. Fop. 2,964. It
has a castle, a hospital, 1 Lutheran church, and

Calvinist ch., and some manufactures. It is sit
uated in a beautiful country below lofty mount
ains. Homburg, X. Bav. circle of the Rhine ; 5 NNW.
Deux Ponts, 36 WNW. Landau. Lon. 7. 21. E.
Lat.49. ll.N. Pop. 1,761.
Homburg, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 10 N.
Huningue. Hamburg, or Hochenburg, X. Bav., oh the
Maine ; 15 WSW. Wurzburg. Pop. 564.
Homelen, X. Neth. Liege ; 4 W, Maestricht.
Homer, X. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 190.
Homer, p-t. fa cap. Courtland co. N. Y., on
the Tioughnioga ; 26 S. Onondaga, 145 W. Al
bany, W. 353. Pop. in 1S10, 2,991 ; in 1820,
5,504. The flourishing village of Homer is si
tuated on the Tioughnioga, and contains n
court-house, a jail, a printing office, and a Bap
tist meeting house. Port Watson, another flour
ishing village, 2 miles distant, is situated on the
same river, and contains a Congregational
meeting house, and has some trade.
Homerton, v. Eng., in Middlesex ; a hamlet
of Hackney. Here is an academy for Calvin-
istic Dissenters.
Homfeld, X. Ger., in Lippe ; 9 E. Lemgow.
Homi, city, China, of foe second rank, in
Yun-nan; 1,200 SSW. Peking. Lon. 103. E.
Lat. 23. 44. N.
Homme, r. Luxemburg, which runs into a
lake, near Rochefort.
ommedal, X. Norway, in Christiansand ;
NNE. Christiansand.
Homnona, X. Hungary; 14 NE. Matusfalva.
Homochitlo, r. Mis., which runs SW. and flows
into the Mississippi between Adams and Wil
kinson cos., above Fort Adams.
Homorod, X. Transylvania ; 15 N. Fogaras.
Hdmor&n, X. Arabia, in Yemen, between Sana
and Beit-el-Fakih.
Horns, see Hems.
Ho-nan, pr. China, bounded N. by Chan-si
and Pe-tche-li, E. by Kiahg-nan and Chan-tong,
S. by Hou-quang, and W. by Chen-si. The
Chinese call it Tong-hoa, which signifies tAe
flower of the middle. It contains 8 cities of foe
first rank. The whole province is a plain,, ex
cept towards the west, where it is mountain
ous ; it produces corn, rice, and fruit in great
abundance and variety. Chief city, Cai-fong.
Ho-nan, city, China, of the first rank, in the
province of Ho-nan ; 360 SSW. Peking. Lon.
1 12. 9. E. Lat 34. 44. N. It was supposed for
merly by the Chinese to be the centre ofthe
world, because it is in the centre of their em
pire. Honanella, X. Hind., in Sanore, on the Tunge-
badra; 15 E. Sanore.
Hand, X. Hungary ; 10 NW. Tokay.
Honda, or Onda, t. Spain, in Valencia ; 7
ENE. Segorbe.
Honda, or St. Bartolomeo de Honda, X. New-.
Grenada, on the Magdalena ; 56 NW. Santa Fe.
Lon. 74. 54. W. Lat. 5. 12. N. Pop. 10,000. It
has one of the best ports in the kingdom. The
climate is hot, infested with mosquitoes, but is
not unhealthy. It has some very good build
ings. Honda Bay, bay on N. coast of Cuba ; 70 W.
Havannah. Lon. 83, 25. W. Lat. 22. 58. N.

HON

753

HON

Honda Bay, bay on E. coast of Honduras, N.
of Cape Gracias a Dios.
Honda Bay, bay on the coast of S. A., in St,
Martha. Lon. 72'. 6. W. "Lat. 1 1. 40. N.
Honddy,sceHonUiy. Hondo, km. Africa, in Sierra Leone countiy,
bordering on Quoja, between the Grain coast
arid the river Sherbro.
Hondlschootc, X. France, in North; 10 SE.
Dunkirk, 15 NW. Ypres. Pop. 3,168. On the
6th of September, 1793, a part ofthe army of
the allies, under the command of general Frey-
tag, was surprised and totally, routed by the
French. Hondutas, pr. Guatimala, bounded N, by a
gulf to which it gives came, E. by the Carib
bean sea, S. by Nicaragua, and W. by Guati
mala and Vera Paz ; 890 miles from E. to W.,
and 150 from N. to S. The country consists of
mountains, valleys, and plains, watered by a
great number of rivers. It was formerly one
of the most populous countries of America ; at
present, though exceedingly fertile, it is almost
a desert. The climate is hot and moist, and in
many parts unhealthy. The soil is of great fer
tility, producing in abundance the various kinds
of tropical fruits and vegetables. It yields 3
crops of maize and 2 of grapes in a year ; other
productions are wheat, peas, cotton, wool, with
excellent pastures, honey, wax, provisions of
all kinds; but mahogany and logwood form the
principal exports. Chief towns, Valladolid, the
capital, Truxillo, Gracias a Dios, St. Jago, and
Omtfa. The part lying on the northern and
eastern coast is known by the name of the Mos
quito Shore.
Honduras, largeTjay between Cape Catoche
and Cape Honduras, having foe coast of the
province of Honduras S., that of Yucatan W.,
and the Carribean sea E. Lat. 15. 30. to 21. 30.
N. ' It is well known from the British settle
ment of Balize on the coast of Yucatan, form
ed for the purpose of cutting mahogany and
dye woods. The town of Balize contains about
200 whites, upwards of 500 free people of co
lour, and about 3,000 slaves. Besides mahog
any and logwood, the countryproduces various
other kinds of valuable trees, arid the soil is very
fertile, adapted to sugar, coffee, indigo, cotton,
and all the West India productions. . The ap
proach of the extensive coast, which lies conti
guous to the bay of Honduras, is at all times
ffangerou6, more especially so during the con
tinuance Of the north winds.
Honduros, X. Cuba; 63 NE. Bayamo. Lon.
76. 4. W. Lat. 21.21. N.
Hone Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main, at
,foe entrance of Bluefield's bay. Lon. 83. 1. W.
Lat. 11. 30. N;
Hone Sound, see Bluefield's Bay.
Honeburg, X. Han., in Osnabruck; 2 N. Osna
bruck. Honeoye, see Richmond.
Haneoye,-\ake, Ontario co. N. Y,, W. of the
town of Richmond ; 5 miles long, and 3 broad.
It discharges its waters at N. end by Honeoye
creek, which receives the waters of Canecadea
and Hemlock lakes, and after a course of about
25 miles, flows into the Genesee in Avon.
Honey Brook, X-. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,322.

Honey Creek, p-v. Vigo co. Indiana ; W. 785.
Honey Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
coast of Guinea. Lon. 15. W. Lat. 10. 18. N.
Hon) alise, see.Houfalise.
Honfluer, X. France, in Calvados,, on foe left
bank of the Seine, opposite to Havre de Grace ;
7 NNE. Pont 1'Eveque ; 15 N. Lisieux. Lon
0. 14. E. Lat 49/25. N. Pop. 8,164. It is ir
regularly built, ill fortified, but has a good har
bour, considerable maritime trade, . and some
manufactures. Hong, t. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 36 NNE. Fong-yang.
Honga Happee,. rock, among the Friendly
islands, in S. Pacific ocean ; 30 N. Tongataboo.
Hongie, X. Aust. Galicia; 30 WSW. Halicz.
Hongilax, X. Finland; 35 S. Biorneborg.
Hong-tcheou, X. Corea ; 20 SSE. Haimen.
Hong-tong, t. China, of the third rank, in
Chan-si ; 15 NNE. Fin-yang.
Hong-lse, large lake of China, in Kiang-nan,
whose waters empty themselves into the
Hoang, 60 miles from the. sea.
Hpng-ya, X. China, of the third rank, in Be
fell uen ; 17 S. Pou-kiang.
Hong-yuen, X. China, ofthe third rank, in
Quang-tong; 32 SSW. Chao-tcheou.
Honhay, X. Bengal ; 9 SSE. Ramgur.
Honheim, X. Bav., on the Danube ; 5 SSW.
Ratisbon. Fop. 1,200.
Hon-holou, lake, Chinese Tartary, 24 miles in
circ. Lon. 92. 46. E. Lat. 48. 29. N.
Honida, X. Persia, in Irak ; 40 NNE. Gnerden.
Honigfeltz, X. Prussia; 15 S. Marienburg.
Honilly, mt. Switz., Berne; 23 ESE. Thun.
Honimao, or Uliasser, one of the Molucca
islands, about 9 miles in length, and from 3 to
5 wide. Lon. 129. 2. E. Lat. 3. 30. S. The
land is fertile. The chief productions for corn-
mere are rice and cloves.
Honingdael, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 80
SW. Romsdal.
Honiton, X. Eng., in Devonshire ; 16 E. Exe
ter, 156 WSW. London. Lon. 3. 10. W. Lat.
50.47. N. Pop. 2,735. It has a weekly mar
ket on Saturday. The principal manufacture
was formerly the making of- serges, but now
lace. Above 5 tons of butter are said to be
sent weekly to London from this neighbour
hood. It sends 2 members to parliament.
Hanky, X. Eng., in the West Riding of York
shire ; 4 SSW. Huddersfield. Pop. 2,529.
Honnecourt, v. France, in North ; 7 S. Cam
bray. In 1641, the French were attacked and
defeated by the Spaniards near this place.
Honniki,.X. Austrian Poland, in Galicia ; 24
S. Halicz.
Honningen, X. Pru. Coblentz; 15 NNW. Cob
lentz. Pop. 181.
Honopologan, X. Ceylon ; 50 NNW. Parroah.
Honorat, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of France. Lon. 7. 7. E. Lat. 43. 30. N.
Honorias, E. province of ancient Bithynia.
Honrubid, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 10 NW.
Alarcon. Honsbrouk, X. Limburg; 5N.Fauquemont.
Honsdorf, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 27 NE. Culm-
Honst, X. Prussia, in, Pomerelia.
Honstain, X. Prussia ; 14 E. Osterrod.
Hontaux, X. France, in Landes ; 4 S. Ville-
neuve de Marsan. Pop. 1,132.

HOO

759

HOP

Month, or Nagy-Honth,co. or palatinate, Hun
gary, N. of the Danube, adjacent to the coun
ties of Gomer and Gran: Pop. 104,941. Sq. m.
977. Produce, grain, silver,'g6ld, tobacco, and
wine. Chief towns, Ipoly-Sagh and Schemnitz.
Honthy, r. S. Wales, which runs into the Usk,
near Brecknock.
Hontiveros, see Fonliveros.
Hontoria de Valdecarados, X. Spain, in Old
Castile ; 22 W. Osma.
Hoobarree, watering place in one of the routes
from Mourzouk to Tombuctoo, in Sahara ; 320
SW. Mourzouk. Lon. 9. 25. E. Lat. 27. 12. N.
Hood's Bay, harbour on W. coast of Admiral
ty island, in Chatham strait. Lon. 225. 36. E.
Lat. -57. 26. N.
Hood's Island, isl. in the S.Pacific ocean, and
foe most northerly of those called TAe Marquis
Mendoza's Islands, about 48 miles in circ. Lon.
138. 52. W. Lat. 9. 26. S. The natives call it
Tebooa. Hooge Kraal, X. on Mossel Bay, Africa.
Hoogelede, or Hochlede, X. Neth., S. Brabant ;
12 NE. Ypres. Pop. 3;594.
Hoogeveen, t. Neth., in Drenthe ; 14 WNW.
Covorden, 15 ENE. Meppel. Pop. 4,315.
Hooge Waliwe, X. Holland; 5 W. Gertruden-
burg. Hoogly, pr. or circar, Bengal, between 21 and
22-deg. N. Lat., about 80 m. long from N. to S.
and 48 in its mean breadth; greatly intersected,
and formed into a multitude of isls. by branch
es ofthe Hoogly and sundry other rivers. The
northern part is very fertile ; but that near the
sea is very swampy, or covered with wood
called the Sunderbund.
Hoogly, or Hooghly, formerly Golin, city,
Hind., in Bengal, on W. side of a river of the
same name ; 24 N. Calcutta,' 75 S. Moorsheda
bad. Lon. 88 29. E. Lat. 25. 54. N. It was
once the capital of the province, and of great
consequence during the Mogul government ;
but is now comparatively of little note, though
it is still prosperous and well inhabited. In the
time of the Mahometan government, it was
placed where the duties and merchandize,
brought up the W. branch of the Ganges, were
collected. i
Hoogly, r. Hind., formed by the union of the
two westernmost branches or outlets of the
Ganges, the Cossimbazar, and Jellinghy ; the
only branch of the Ganges usually navigated by
ships. Several European nations have factories
on this river, between Hoogly and Calcutta. If
passes by Hoogly, Chinsura, Chandernagore,
Calcutta, fag. and runs into the bay of Bengal,
Lon. 88. E. Lat. 21.40. N.
Hoogstratem, X. Brabant ; 15 N. Herentals, 24
SW. Bois le Due. Pop. 1,474.
Hookerstown, p-v. -Greene co. N. C, on Great
Contentney creek ; 40 miles from Newbern, 80
from Raleigh, W. 80. Here is an academy.
Hookset Falls, see Isle of Hookset Falls. '
Hookstown, v. Md.; 6 NW. Baltimore.
Hookstown, v. Talbot co. Md. ; 3 N. Easton.
Hookstown, p-v. Beaver co. Pa. W. 263.
flbota, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus; 32 NW.
Christiania. Hoolaiva, see Holaiva.
Hooldeah, t. Bengal ; 21 S. Calcutta,

Hooleadroog, or Oliadurgam, fortress, Hind.,
in Mysore; 22 NNE. Seringapatam,- 24 WSW.
Bangalore. Hoolsovry, t. Hind,,"Dowlatabad ; 15 Balkee,
Hoolum, see Holum.
Hooly Onore, X. Hind., in the Mysore country,
situated at foe conflux of the Toom and. the
Badra, where their united streams form, the
Tungebadra; 26 W. Periapatara, 66 NW. Ser
ingapatam. '
Hoonga-Hapaec, small isl. among foe Friendly
islands, in the S. Pacific ocean ; 30 N. Tonga-
taboo. Lat 20. 32. SI
Hoonga-tonga, one of the smaller Friendly
islands ; 26 N. Tongataboo.
Hoonla, X. Hind., Cicacole; 11 W. Ganjam.
Hoop, X. Norway, in Wardhuys ; 76 W. Ward-
buys. Hooper's Island, E. side of the Chesapeake, in
Dorchester co. Md. ; E. of the mouth of the Pa-
tuxent Hoorcll, X. Hind., in Mewat; 24 N. Dig.
Hooringoilah, r. Bengal, which is formed by
the union of several rivers, and runs into the
bay of Bengal, Lon. 90. 6. E. Lat. 20. 50. N.
Hoorn, s-p. Holland, on the Zuyder Zee; 11
E. Alcmaer. Ton. 4. 54. E. Lat. 52. 39. N.
Pop. 8,193. The harbour, which is one of foe
best in the Zuyder Zee, was made in 1577. It
is fortified, has five gates, and some handsome
buildings, churches, and hospitals. The land
about is exceedingly rich, and produces great
quantities of cheese and butter.
Hoorn, or Horn, X. Neth., in Liege ; 3 W.Ru-
remond, 12 S. Venloo.
Hoorn, small isl. in a bay on N. coast of New
Guinea Lon. 135. 42. E. Lat. 3. 42. S.
Hoorn Islands, two small isls. in the S. Pacific
ocean. Lon. 171. 30. E. Lat. 15. S.
Hoorn's Island, small isl. al East entrance of
the straits of Sunda. Lon. 106. 24. E. Lat. 5.
44. S.
Hoosack, mt. Berkshire co. Mass., extending
for several miles E. of N. on the east side of
Adams and Clarksburg. It is elevated from
1,400 to 1,800 feet above the surrounding coun
try. Hoosack, r. which rises in Pownal, Vt, and
runs into the Hudson, below Stillwater. N. Y.
Hoosack, or Hosick, p-t Rensselaer co. N. Y. ;
20 NE. Troy, 26 NE. Albany, W. 389. Pop.
3,372. Hop Bottom, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa. W. 263.
Hope, X. Upper Canada, on N. side of lake
Ontario. Hope, p-t Lincoln co. Maine ; 35 NE. Wis
casset, W. 642. Pop. 1,179..
Hope, small isl. in Narraganset bay, R. I. ; W.
of Prudence.
Hope, X. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop 60S.
Hope, v. Benton, N. Y., on W. side of Seneca
Hope, p-t. Sussex co. N. J.; 22 NE. Easton,
16 S W. Newton, W. 220. It is a pleasant village
of about 30 houses, built chiefly of stone, and
contains an excellent flour mill.
Hope, r. Jamaica, which runs into the sea, 5(
S. Kingston.
Hope Bay, bay at NE. corner of Nootka
sound.

BOP

760

HOR

Hope Bay, risy in foe English channel, on
the coast of Kent, between Sandwich and Rams-
gate. Hope Bay, harbour on W. coast of Quadra fa
Vancouver's island, in the N. Pacific ocean.
Hopedale, Moravian settlement, on E. coast
of Labrador; S. ofOkkah.
Hope Islands, two small islands near NE.
coast of New Holland. Lon. 214. 36. W. Lat
15. 41. S.
Hope's Advance Bay, bay in Hudson's strait ;
100 W. Cape Chidley.
Hope's Nose, cape in the English channel, on
the coastof Devonshire. Lon. 3. 27. W. Lat
50. 28. N.
Hopevitte, p-v. Otsego co. N. Y., in the town
ship of Otsego ; 67 W. Albany, W.-380.
Hopewell, X. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,952.
Hbpewell,X. HunterdOn co., N. J., on the Dela
ware ; 11 N. Trenton, Pop. 2,881.
Hopewell, X. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,630.
Hopewell, t. Cumberland co: Fa. Pop. 1,461.
Hopewell, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,327.
Hopewell, X. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,047.
Hopewell, X. Washington co. Pa.; 14 WNW.
Washington. Pop. 2,186.
Hopewell, X. Beaver co. Pa. Fop. 1,035.
Hopewell, X. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 657.
Hopewell, X. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,259.
Hopewell, t. Perry co. Ohio. Pop/ 1,037.
Hopewell, p-v. York district, S. C. ; W. 553.
Hopewell Head, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon.
78. W. Lat. 58. 10. N.
Hopfenbach, X. Carniola ; 5 N. Rudolfswerth.
Hppferstadt, X. Bav. ; 4 S. Ochsenfurt.
Hopfgarten, X. Salzburg ; 6 NE. Ratnburg, 38
SW. Salzburg.
Ho-ping,X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong; 37 ENE. Lien-ping.
Hopital, (L',) X. France^ Loire ; 17 S. Roanne.
Pop. 240.
Hopital, (V,) X. France, in Lot; 14 NW.
Figeac, 24 NE. Cahors.
Hopke, r. Ger., which rises about 7 S. Brilon,
in Westphalia, and runs into the Dimel, 3 S.
Stadtberg. Hopkins, co. Ken. Pop. in 1810, 2,964 ;
slaves 412. Pop. in 1820, 5,322. Chief town,
Madisonville. Hopkinsvilk, X. Caledonia co. Vt; 46 ENE.
Montpelier. Hopkinsvilk, p-v. Warren co. Ohio ; W. 468.
Hopkinsvilk, p-v. Powhatan co. Va. ; 18 Rich
mond, W. 148. /
Hopkinsvilk, p-t. fa cap. Christian co- Ken. ;
25 W. Russellville, 200 WSW. Frankfort, W.
765. Pop. in 1810, 131 ; in 1820, 904. It con-
tairis a court house, a jail, an academy, and 2
houses of public worship, 1 for Methodists and
1 for Baptists. Of the private houses, 41 are of
brick. It is situated in a very pleasant and fer
tile country, and has considerable trade.
Hopkinton, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H., 7 W.
Concord,27 N. Amherst, 58 WNW. Portsmouth,
W. 497. Pop. 2,437. Here is a handsome vil
lage, containing a court house, a Congrega
tional meeting house, about 50 dwelling houses,
and several stores. It is a valuable agricultural
town. The courts for the county are held alter
nately here, and at Amherst.

Hopkinton, Indian name Magunkaquog, p-t.
Middlesex co. Mass.; 30 SW. Boston, W. 412.
Pop. 1,655.
Hopkinton, p-t. Washington co. R. I.; 28 W.
Newport, 30 SW. Providence, W. 387. Pop.
1,821. Hopkinton, p-t. St. Lawrence co1. N. Y, ; 37
E. Ogdensburg, W. 631. Pop. 881.
Hoppelsberg, mt. Ger., in Henneberg; 4 S.
Salzungen. Hoppeny Creek, r. Pa., which runs into E.
branch of the Susquehanna, about 14 m. above
Tunkhannock creek.
Hopton Heath, place, Eng., in Staffordshire,
near Stafford. Here the royalists were defeated
by the troops of parliament, March 19, 1642.
Hopwood, X. Eng., in Lancashire; 8 N. Man
chester. Pop. 1,083.
Hot, or Seir, mt. Arabia Petraea, between
Egypt and the Dead sea. Lon. 35. E. Lat. 28.
15. N.
. Horac, X. Arabia, otherwise called Petra and
Krac. Horadada, r. S. A. which runs into foe Carib
bean sea, 50 E. Cape Aguja.
Horadnic, X. Aust Galicia; 60 NW. Zyto-
miers. Horaidan, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 84 NW.
Schiras. Horawer, X. Hind., Bahar ; 42 SW. Arrah.
Horazdiowitz,X. Bohemia, in Prachatitz, on the
river Ottawa ; 18 E. Pisek, 22 NW. Prachatitz.
Pop. 1,757.
Horb, X. Wurt, on the Neckar, with a consid
erable trade in woollen goods ; 10 SW. Roten-
burg, 28 SW. Stuttgart. Pop. 1,678.
Horburg, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 2 NE.
Colmar, 60 NW. New Brisach. Fop. 563.
Horbury, X. Eng., in the West Riding of York
shire ; 2 SW. Wakefield. Pop. 2,100.
Horby, X. Sweden, in Skone ; 24 SW. Chris
tianstadt. Horca, r. Sweden, which rises in the moun
tains bordering on Norway, and runs into the
Regunda, at Lit, in Jamtland.
Horcajada, X. Spain, in Leon ; 40 E. Civdad
Rodrigo. Horcajo, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 27 SSW.
Hueta. Horcan, mt. Grand Bukharia ; S. of Balk.
Horcheim, X. Hesse ; 2 S. Worms.
Horcisberg, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 1 NE. Saltz-
wedel. Horde, X. Pru. Arensberg; 3 S. Dortmund.
Pop. 1,062.
Horditstche, X. Lithuania ; 12 SE. Minsk.
Hordi, X. Hind., Dowlatabad ; 21 N. Darore.
Horeb, p-v. Jasper co. Georgia; 29 Milledge
ville, W. 698.
Horeb, mt. Arabia Patrsea, W. of Mount Sinai,
or rather another eminence belonging to the
same mountain. Here God appeared to Moses
in the burning bush. At the foot of this moun
tain Moses struck the rock, and drew water to
relieve the thirst of the Israelites. There are 2
or 3 fine springs, and abundance of fruit trees
on the top of Horeb, and a monastery near the
mountain. 150 SE. Suez.
Horgen, t. Switz., in Zurich ; 10 SSE. Zurich.
Pop. 3,300. It is neatly built, situated on W.

HOR

761

HOR

side of the lake of Zurich, with a kind, of har
bour and some trade.
Horja, X. Sweden, in Schonen; 22 N. Chris
tianstadt. Horja, X. Sweden, West-Gothland.; 20 NNW.
Jonkioping. Horingen, X. Hesse Cassel ; 38 SE. Cassel.
Horitz, t. Bohemia, Bechin ; 8 SE. Crumau.
Horla, i. Poland, which runs into foe Oder,
8 ENE. Glogaw.
Horla, r. Silesia, which rises in N. part of
Oels, and runs into the Barsch, near Hernstadt
Horla, X. Pru. Merseburg ; 4 SW. Wippra.
Horle, t. Norway, in Drontheim ; 48 WSW.
Romsdal. Horlofa, t. Sweden, in Skone ; 11 E. Lund.
Hormans, X. Austria; 6 NNE. Weitra.
Hormanstorff, X. Austria ; 4N. Korn Neuburg.
Hormigos, (Los,) or TAe Ants, rocks about 30
miles from NE. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 75. 40.
W. Lat. 18. 25. N.
Hormillos, (Los,) small isl. in the Pacific
ocean, near the coast of Peru. Lat. 16. 45. S.
Hormont, X. Persia, Laristan ; 33 ENE. Lar.
Horn, X. Sweden, in East Gothland; 32 S.
Linkioping. Horn, see Hoorn.
Horn, or Hooren, X. Austria ; 40 NW. Vienna.
Lon. 15. 32. E. Lat. 48. 37. N. H. 165. It con
tains a gymnasium, and is celebrated for its
beer made of oats.
Horn, X. Ger., in Lippe-Detmold, near which
is a plain called Vinfeld, or tAe Field of Victory,
supposed to be the place where Varus perish
ed; 6 SSE. Detmold. Lon. 8. 52. E. Lat. 51.
60. N. Pop. 1,240.
Horn, X. Bohemia, Saatz ; 3 NE. Elnbogen.
Horn Island, isl. on the coast of West Flori
da ; 17 miles long, and £ m. broad.
Horn's Island, small isl. near foe coast of S.
C. Lon. 79. 17. W. Lat. 33. 7. N.
Horn, or Hohen-Rhune, X. Pru. Treves ; 3 N.
Simmern. Horn Mount, mt. N. A. Lon, 119. 30. W.
Lat. 62. N.
Hornaches, X. Spain, Estremadura ; 20 miles
from Llerena.
Hornauhausen, X. Bav. ; 3 S. Burg-Bernheim.
Hombach, X Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 5 S.
Deux Ponts, 35 W. Landau. Lon. 7. 23. E. Lat.
-49. 11. N. Pop. 972.
Homberg, or Hombergbach, X. Pru. Munster ;
2 E. Recklinghausen, 43 N. Cologne. Pop. 700.
Homberg, X. Baderi ; 17 NE. Freyberg, 38
SW. Stuttgard. Pop. 1,025.
Homberg, X. Baden, near the Neckar; 10
NW. MeckmuM, 18 E. Heidelberg.
Homburg, X. Pru. Magdeburg, on the Use ;
10 NE. Goslar, 18 WNW. Halberstadt. P. 2,383.
Hornby, t Eng., in Lancashire, on the river
Loyrie, on the borders of Westmoreland; 10
NNE. Lancaster, 245 NNW. London. Lon. 2.
33. W. Lat. 54. 3. N. Pop. 420.
Horncastle, t. Eng., in Lincolnshire, on a
navigable canal, with a market on Saturday ;
21 E. Lincoln, 142 N. London. Lon. 1. 8. W.
Lat. 53. 11. N. Pop. 2,622. In 1643, the royal
ists were defeated near this town.
Hornchurch, X. Eng., Essex ; 14 E. London.
Pop. 1,562.
Vol. I. 96

Horneburg, X. Han., Bremen ; 9 SE. Stadc.
Pop. 1,320.
Hornesvilk, X. Steuben co. N. Y., formed in
1821 from the northern part of Canisteo ; 25
W. Bath.
Hornhead, cape on N. coast of Ireland, in
Donegal. Lon. 7. 51. W. Lat. 53. 13. N.
Homos, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 15 SW.
Umea. Homoy, t France, in Somme; 15 WSW.
Amiens, 17 S. Abbeville. Pop. 1,190.
Hornsbach, r. Saxony, which runs into the
Elbe, near Schandau, in Meissen.
Hornsdorp, X. Holstein ; 7 NNE. Segeborg.
Hornsea, t. Eng., in Yorkshire, with a week
ly market on Monday ; 15 N. Hull, 188 N.
London. Lat. 53. 55. N. Pop. 704.
Hornsey, v. Eng., in Middlesex ; 5 N. Lon
don. Pop. 2,716.
Hornslandet, peninsula on the coast of Swe
den, in the gulf of Bothnia, about 30 miles in
circumference. Lon. 17. 16. E. Lat. 61. 39. N.
Homtown, p-v. Accomac co. Va. ; 16 S.
Snowhill, W. 188.
Horny gold's Keys, islets and rocks in the
Spanish Main, near the Mosquito shore. Lnn.
82. 18. W. Lat. 15. 40. N.
Horochaw, X. Volhynia ; 32 SW. Lucko.
Horodek, t. Rus. Wilna ; 68 SE. Wilna.
Horodek, t. Rus. Grodno ; 38 SE. Brzesc.
Horodiscze, X. Aust. Galicia ; 60 E. Lemberg.
Horodla, X. Aust. Galicia, on the Bug ; 23 N.
Belez. Horodiscze, X. Rus. Minsk ; 8 SE. Minsk.
Horouce, X. Rus. Podolia ; 52 SE. Braclaw.
Horp, (Le,) t. France, in Mayenne ; 8 NW.
Vilaine. Pop. 1,618.
Horrea-Margi, now Maravahisar.
Horrikalero, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 36
N. Tornea.
Horrisongkra, t. Bengal ; 30 ESE. Moorshe
dabad. Horry, district, S. C. Pop. in 1810, 4,349 ;
slaves 1,398. Pop. in 1820, 5,025.
Horse, (The,) small isl. or rock in the North
sea ; 3 E the island of Pomona. Lon. 2. 31. W.
Lat. 58. 59. N.
Horse Island, small isl. near SW. coast of
Ireland ; 3 N. Hog's Head.
Horse Island, small isl. Scot., in the Frith of
Clyde, near the coast of Ayrshire. Lon. 4. 52.
W. Lat. 55. 41. N.
Horse Island, small isl. in Pool Harbour.
Horse Islands, cluster of small islands, near
E. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 55. 40. W.
Lat. 50. 25. N.
Horse River, or Rio de Cavallos, r. Mexico,
which runs into the bay of Honduras, Lon. 86.
45. W. Lat. 15. 48. N.
Horsel, r. which rises in the principality of
Gotha, and runs into the Nesse, near Eisenach.
Horsley, v. Eng., in Gloucestershire; 3 S.
Stroud. Pop. 2,925.
Horselgau, X. Ger., in Gotha; 4 W. Gotha.
Horseneck, in SW. part of Greenwich Ct. ; 32
NE. New York. A bloody battle was fought
here between foe Indians and Dutch, in 1646.
Horseneck, v. Essex co. N.J. on S. side ofthe
Passaic ; 4 SW. Patterson.
Horseneck, cape, N. side of Long Island, W.
of Huntington Harbour.

HOU

762

HOR.

Horsens, s-p.Denmark, on the Baltic, in Jut
land, in Aarhuus; 19 SW. Aarhuus. Lon. 9. 52.
E. Lat. 55. 52. N. Pop. 2,400. It is a place of
considerable trade, with manufactures of flan
nel and other woollen stuffs, and contains 2
churches. Horseshoe, rock in the Irish sea, nearE. coast
of Ireland ; 1 S. Wicklow Head.
Horseshoe Point, most southerly point of land,
near E. end of the island of St. Christopher.
Lon. 6S. 32. W. Lat. 17. 19. N.
Horsey Island, isl. in a large bay on the coast
of Essex, about 6 miles in circ. Lon. 1. 12. E.
Lat. 51. 53. N.
Horsforth, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the West
Riding ; 3 NW. Leeds. Pop. 2,315.
Horsham, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa., on a
branch of foe Neshaminy; W. 159. Pop. 1,081.
Horsham, X. Eng., Sussex ; 20 NNW. Bright
helmstone, 36 S. London. Lon. 0. 20. W. Lat.
51. N. Pop. 2,839. It has a weekly market on
Saturday, and a monthly market, being the last
Tuesday, for cattle, and sends 2 members to
parliament. Horsimus, v. Bergen co. N. J., on W. bank of
the Hudson, between Jersey city and Hoboken.
Horsl, t. Pru. Minden ; 10 WSW. Paderborn,
iij the road to Lipstadt.
Horst, X. Pru., in Mark ; 6 NNW. Hattingen.
Horst, X. Neth., Limburg ; 8 NNW. Venloo.
Pop. 2,018.
Horst, X. Holstein ; 4 E. Krempe.
Horslmar, X. Pru. Munster ; 15 NW. Munster.
Lon. 7. 17. E. Lat. 52. 9. N. Pop. 900.
Horszczyk, X. Volhynia ; 48 N. Zytomiers.
Horla, see Villa Horla.
Horta, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 4 S. St. Joao da
Pesqueira, 21 SE. Lamego.
Horles, t. France, in Upper Marne ; 9 E.
Langres. Pop. 1,060.
Hortobagy, r. Hungary, which rises about 6
S. Debreczin, and runs into the Theysse.
Hortobagy, X. Hungary, on a river of the
same name ; 17 SSW. Nanas.
Horton, X. Nova Scotia; 35 W. Halifax.
Horton, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the West
Riding; 2 SW. Bradford. Pop. 4,423.
Hortskirk, X. Austria ; 4 SW. Putzeinstorf.
Horvatz. X. Croatia ; 18 SW. Varasdin.
Horvatzka, X. Croatia ; 26 SW. Varasdin.
Honos, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, 25 miles
long and 3 wide, separated from N. coast of
Yucatan, by a narrow channel. Lon. 70. 6. W.
Lat. 21. 10. N.
Horwal, t. Rus. Minsk ; 28 S. Rohaczow.
Harwich, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 3 WNW.
Bolton. Pop. 2,374.
Homzepnik, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 5 NE.
Pattschow. H. 125.
Horzitz, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau; 20 SSW.
Czaslau. Horzitz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 1 1
NNW. Konigingratz. Lon. 15. 20. E. Lat. 50.
18. N. Pop. 2,551.
Horziska, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 6 S.
Trautenau. Horzowitz, or Horzowice, X. Bohemia, in Be
raun ; 11 SSW. Beraun. Pop. 1,858. In foe
vicinity are mines of mercury, silver, and iron.
Hasanperah, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 25 NNW.
Chuprah. Lon. 84. 30. E. Lat. 26. 4. N.

Hosecpour, t. Hind., in Bahar; 50 NW. Chu
prah. Lon. 84. 18. E. Lat. 26. 25. N.
Hoseley Bay, bay of the German sea, on the
coast of Norfolk ; SSW. Orford.
Hoshearporum, X. Lahore ; 40 E. Jallindar.
Ho-si, X. China, of the third rank, in Yunnan ;
15 S. Sin-hing.
Hosick, see Hoosack.
Hosinabad, X. Bengal,; 44 N. Dacca.
Hosnitz, r. Silesia, Oppau, which rises about
2 S. Bennisch, and runs into the Mora, 2 S.
Troppau. Hospidaletto, X. Tyrol; 14 SE. Bormia, 35
NW. Trent
Hospital Island, formerly Rainsford's island,
isl. Mass., included within foe township of
Hingham ; 6 SE. Boston. Here is a hospital
for the reception of seamen and others infected
with contagious disorders.
Hospital, hamlet, Switz., in Uri, in the valley
of Ursenen, 4,680 feet above the sea.
Hossainporum, X. Bengal, and principal town
of Cotwally ; 50 N. Moorshedabad. Lon. 88. 7,
E. Lat. 24. 57. N.
Hossainpour, X. Hind., in Oude; 70 NNE.
Manickpour. Hossamally, X. Guzerat ; 25 S. Amedabad.
Hossaree, X. Canara ; 10 ENE. Barcelore.
Hossefin, or Longrosson, X. Arabia, in Oman,
on E. coast; 30 NNW. Sohar. Lat, 24. 40. N.
Hostalric, X. with a strong citadel, Spain, in
Catalonia ; 20 SSW. Gerona.
Hostana, X. Istria ; 6 N. Rovigno.
Hostau, X. Bohemia, district ofKlattau. H. 122.
Hostoun, X. Bohemia, Piisen ; 9 NW. Teinitz.
Hosteren, small island in the North sea, near
the coast of Norway. Lat. 60. N.
Hosterlitz, X. Moravia, in Znaym; 12 NE.
Znaym. Pop. 1,110.
Hostilia, now Ostiglia.
Hostimuri, X. W. part of Mexico.
Hostinney, see Arnau.
Hostomitz, X. Bohemia, in Beraun ; 6 SE.
Beraun. Lon. 14. 11. E. Lat. 49. 51. N.
Hostorp, X. Sweden, Skone ; 10 NW. Lund.
Hpstun, X. France, in Drome ; 6 E. Romans.
Hostunum, now Ostuni.
Hostwitz, X. Bohemia, Schlan ; 5 W. Prague.
Hoszufahi, or Langendorf X. Transylvania,
district of Cronstadt. Pop. 2,991.
Ho-lchi, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si ; 1,040 SSW. Peking. Lon. 107. 24.
E. Lat. 24. 16. N.
Hoszczewo, X. Russia, Novogrodek ; 20 SSW.
Slonim. Hot Springs, in Bath co. Va. ; 7 SW. Warm
Springs. The water at this spring has been so
hot as to boil an egg. It raises the thermome
ter to 112 deg., and is useful in some com
plaints. Here is a post office ; W. 130.
Hothyny, r. Wales, which rises in Brecknock
shire, and runs into the Munnow, in Mon
mouthshire. Hotom, or Kotan, X. Little Bukharia ; 230 SE.
Cash gar, 345 NE.Latac Lon.80.E. Lat.37.42.N.
Hotomnisolon, r. Asia, which rises in the Ka-
rangutash mountains, and after a course of
about 200 miles NE. loses itself in the sands of
the desert of Cobi.
Hotore, X. Bengal ; 22 ESE. Doesa.

HOT

763

HOU

Hotoumczyn, X. Rus. Grodno ; 16 E. Grodno.
Ho-tsin, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si ; 25 W. Kiang.
Holtenploz, X. Moravia, in Prerau, insulated
in Silesia ; 12 NNE. Jagerndorf.
Hottentots, a people inhabiting the southern
parts of Africa, bordering on the Cape of Good
Hope. Their country extends eastward along
the sea-coast to the territory of the Caffres, and
is bounded N. by Orange river, which separates
them from foe Boshuanas and Damaras. There
are 3 races, the inhabitants of the colony of
the Cape, the Bosjesmans, or wild Hottentots,
who inhabit the mountainous districts, extend
ing along the northern frontier of the colony,
and the Namaquas, who occupy the NW. coast.
The Hottentots of the colony have been by
no means improved in their condition by being
subjected to European sway. Their numbers
have of late rapidly diminished, and there are
not now supposed to be within the extensive
limits of the colony more than 15,000. They
are mild, quiet, harmless, honest, and faithful,
but extremely indolent and poor, and exces
sively filthy. Their complexion is yellowish
brown, and their features generally ugly. Their
understanding is extremely confined; canscarce-
ly reckon a period beyond a day, or a number
beyond 5. They have been treated by the col
onists with extreme cruelty.
The Bosjesmans are among the ugliest of hu
man beings; are extremely diminutive in size,
the tallest of the men measuring only 4 feet 9
inches, and of the women 4 feet 4 inches.
Though resembling the Hottentots of the colo
ny in their persons, they display a disposition
and temper entirely different ; and their activ
ity is incredibly great They raise neither corn
nor cattle, but subsist upon spontaneous roots,
and what they acquire by hunting and plunder.
The Namaqua Hottentots differ but little in
their persons from the other tribes, but use a
language widely different.
The Moravians established a mission among
the Hottentots, in 1736, which was renewed in
1792. Since that time the London and Metho
dist societies have sent out many missionaries.
As many as 30 missionaries are now supported
by these societies in South Africa. The labours
of the missionaries, in many instances, have
been attended with remarkable success. The
Hottentots in several settlements have been re
claimed to habits of industry, and now cultivate
fields, and exercise the arts and enjoy the com
forts of civilized life.
Hottewitz, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 5 W. Aus-
zig. Hdtton, X. Luxemburg, on the Ourte ; 20 SE.
Huy. Holtonville, X. France, in Moselle ; 3 NNE.
Boulay. Hottot, t. France, in Calvados; 11 W. Caen.
Holy, X. Sweden, in Blekingen ; 21 W. Carls
crona. Hotuno, X. Walachia ; 32 N. Bucharest.
Hotzenplotz, X. Moravia, insulated in Silesia ;
20 N. Troppau, 65 N. Prerau. Lon. 17. 35. E.
Lat. 50. 12. N. Pop. 2,573.
Hotzenplotz, i . Silesia, which runs into the
Oder, in the principality of Oppeln.

Hou, X. China, of the third rank, in Chensi ;
15 SW. Si-ngan.
Hou, or How, (an. Chenobosscion, and Dios-
polis Pana,) X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile, on an eminence ; 2S S. Girg6. Lon. 31.
27. E. Lat. 26. 2. N.
Hova, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 18 N.
Mariestad. Houac, or Houat, isl. in the English channel,
near the coast of France, about 8 miles in circ,
defended by a fort ; 7 NE. Belle-Isle. Lon. 2.
52. W. Lat. 47. 24. N. Pop. 150.
Hoval, or Oualo, km. Africa, on the banks of
foe river Senegal, and on the coast ofthe Atlan
tic, 90 m. from E. to W., and 18 from N. to S.
The soil is rich and fertile, producing in foe
greatest abundance, maize, rice, legumes, in
digo, tobacco, and cotton.
Houang-tcheou, city, China, of foe first rank,
in Tche-kiang; 580 SSE. Peking. Lon. 119. 14.
E. Lat. 30. 52. N.
Hovarein, t. desert of Syria ; 70 SW. Palmyra.
Houchong, X. Meckley ; 18 W. Munnypour.
Houdain, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 6
S. Bethune. Pop. 909.
Houdan, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 9 W.
Montfort, 10 S. Mantes. Pop. 1,700.
Houden, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 61. 40. N.
Hove, X. Norway, in the diocess of Dron
theim ; 25 NW. Drontheim.
Houeilles, t.France, in Lot-and-Garonne; 7
S. Castel Jaloux.
Hovel, X. Pru. Minden ; 6 NW. Lippspring.
Hovestadt, v. and castle, Pru. Minden, on the
Lippe ; 8 W. Lippstadt.
Houfalise, or Hoffalise, or Homfalise, X. Neth.,
Luxemburg, on a small river which runs into
the Ourte, with an ancient castle ; 25 NNW.
Luxemburg, 30 S. Liege. Pop; 702.
Houga, (La,) X. France, in Gers ; 7 WNW.
Nogaro. Pop. 1,025.
Hougarden, t. Neth., S. Brabant; 11 SE.
Louvain. Pop. 2,434.
Hou-keou, X China, of the third rank, in Ki
ang-si ; 12 ENE. Kieou-kiang.
Houille, r. France, which runs into foe
Meuse, near Givet. .
Hovingham, X. Eng., in N. Riding of York
shire ; 18 N. York. Pop. 600.
Houma, X. Natolia ; 21 SE. Kara-hisar.
Houn, X. Africa, in Fezzan ; 10 S. Wadan.
Houna, cape fa village, Scot, on N. coast of
Caithness ; 2 W. Duncansby Head. Lon. 2. 57
W. Lat. 58. 33. N.
Hound Point, cape, Scot., in foe Frith of
Forth, and N. coast of the county of Linlith
gow ; 7 WNW. Leith.
Houndsbosduynen, sandy ridge on the coast
of Holland, beginning about 4 miles from Alc
maer, and extending 4 or 5 miles parallel with
the sea, at the distance of lesr than 2 miles.
Hounsfield, X. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; 78 N. Uti
ca, 176 NW. Albany. Pop. in 1810, 943; in
1820, 3,429. It lies E. of lake Ontario, on Hun
gry bay, and S. of the Black river. Sackett's
Harbour is in this township.
Hounslow, X. Eng., in Middlesex, situated on
the great western road, on E. side of a heath to
which it gives name ; 10 W. London. Oir foe

HOU

764

HOY

heath are vestiges of several ancient camps.
About the middle of the heath are some pow
der-mills and copper mills.
Hon-quang, t. China, of the third rank, in
Chnnsi ; 10 S. Fuen-tcheou.
Hou-quang, pr. China, bounded N. by Ho
nan, E. by Kiang-si, and Kiang-nan, S. by
Quang-si and Quang-tong, and W. by Setchuen,
and Koei-tcheou, about 480 miles from N. to
S. and 350 from E. to W. This province con
tains 15 cities of the first rank. The greatest
part of the province is a flat open country, wa
tered evory where by brooks, lakes, and rivers ;
and it produces such an abundance of all sorts
of commodities, that it is commonly called the
magazine of the empire ; and it is a proverb
among the Chinese, that the province of Kiang-
si may furnish China with a breakfast, but none
but Hou-quang can wholly maintain it.
Hour, X. Egypt; 7 NNW. Ashmunein.
Houra, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5. 16. W. Lat. 57. 56. N.
Hoursak, X. Persian Armenia ; 150 ENE.
Erivan. Housangunge, X. Hind., in Oude; 40Manick-
pour. Housatonic, or Hoosetonnuc, r. which rises
from two sources, both in Berkshire co. Mass.,
one in Lanesborough, the other in Windsor.
These branches unite in Pittsfield, and the. river
holding generally a southerly course of about
150 miles, flows into Long Island sound be
tween Stratford and Milford. Towards its en
trance into the sound, it is called Stratford
river. It is navigable for small vessels to Der
by, 12 miles. Between Canaan and Salisbury
it has falls of about 60 feet perpendicular.
House Island, one of the Shetland islands,
about 7 miles long, and 1 broad. Lon. 1. 35.
W. Lat. 60. 4. N.
House Island, see Coquet.
Houssa, or Haussa, called also Asna, by the
people of Bornou, and Soudan by the Arabs ;
an extensive countiy or empire of Africa, ex
tending along the banks of the Niger, and com
prehending several kingdoms or states, as Cash
na, Cabi, Guber, Daura, Cano, Nyffe, and some
others. The inhabitants, as represented to Mr.
Horneman, are negroes, but not quite black ;
they are the most intelligent people in the in
terior of Africa. Their character is benevolent
and mild. Industry and art, and the cultiva
tion of the natural productions of the land pre
vail in their country ; and in this respect they
excel the Fezzaners, who get foe greatest part
of their clothes and household implements from
the Soudanians. They can dye in their coun
try any colour but scarlet. The culture of
their land is as perfect as that of foe Europe
ans ; although the manner of doing it is very
troublesome. — According to the information of
Bowdicb, Houssa, the capital, is some days'
journey N. of the Gambarow, a branch of the
Niger, is larger than Tombuctoo, and superior
to any other city north of the Niger, except the
Bornou. Itis said to be situated about Lon.
4. 25. E. Lat. 15. 20. N.
HoMlonvilk, p-v. Iredell co. N. C. ; W. 410.
Houstonvilk, p-v. Pendleton co, S. C. ; W. 614.
Hout Bay, bay on S. coast of Africa, NNW.
Cape of Good Hope. L.on. 18. 19. E. Lat. 34. 6. S

Hou-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Tche-kiang, near a large lake, called Tai ; 587
SSE. Peking. Lon. 119. 32. E. Lat. 30. 52. N.
The chief place in China for making writing
pencils ; foe silk manufacture is likewise ex
tensive. Houthove, t. Flanders ; 4 NW. Bruges.
Hou-lo, r. China, which runs into lake Pay,
in Pe-tche-li.
Houlwael, X. Holland ; 1 E. Amsterdam.
Howan Sound, strait of the sea, between foe
islands of Egilsha and Rowsa, two of the Ork
ney islands.
Howard, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. ; 12 W. Bath,
W. 305. Pop. 1,140.
Howard, X. Centre co.'Pa. Pop. 1,055.
Howard, co. Missouri, on the Missouri. Pop.
13,426. Chief town, Franklin.
Howard's Point, cape on NW. coast of foe
island of Egmont, or New Guernsey. Lon. 164.
18. E. Lat. 10. 42. S.
Howassa, X. Hind., Malwa ; 10 NE. Tandla.
Howden, or Hovedon, t. Eng., in Yorkshire ;
market on Saturday ; 23 W. Hull, 179 N. Lon
don. Lon. 0. 50. W. Lat. 53. 47. N. Pop. 1,812.
Howden Pans, X. Northumberland, on foe
Tyne ; 6 E. Newcastle.
Howe, (The,) small isl. in the English chan
nel, near NW . coast of Guernsey.
Howe's Foreland, N. point of a peninsula on
NE. coast of Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 69. 28. E.
Lat. 48. 48. S.
Howe's Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 159. 4. W. Lat. 31. 36. S.
Howe's Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean. It
is by foe natives called Mopetro. Lon. 154. 7.
W. Lat. 11. 46. S.
Howe's, or Lord Howe's Island, one of the
cluster called Queen Charlotte's islands, in the
S. Pacific ocean ; 22 miles long, and from 8 to
14 in breadth ; separated by a narrow channel
from SE. coast of Egmont island. Lon. 164.27.
E. Lat, 11. 10. S.
Howe's Sound, bay or inlet in the gulf of
Georgia. Lon. of the entrance, 237. E. Lat. 49.
23. N.
Howe's Point, cape on N. coast of the island
of Egmont ; 5 W. Hanway's Point.
Howell, X. Monmouth co. N J. Pop. 3,354.
Howilemur, X. Persia, Ghilan ; 90 NW. Reshd.
Howland, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 472.
Howstack, one of the smaller Shetland isl
ands, near E. coast of Mainland. Lon. 1. 10.
W. Lat. 60. 23. N.
Howth, peninsula, Ireland, on the coast of the
county of Dublin, which gives title of earl to
the family of St. Lawrence.
Hoxter, X. Pru. Minden, lately belonging to
the abbey of Corvey ; 3 NW. Corvey, 16 W.
Gubenhagen. Pop. 2,820.
Hoy, one of the larger Orkney islands, about
11 miles long, and rather more than 3 broad,
separated from Pomona by a channel, about 1 J
m. wide; the principal places are Hoy ana
Southwalls. Lon. 3. 7. W. Lat. 58. 43. N. Pop.
5 or 600.
Hoy Head, cape on W. coast of the island of
Hoy^one ofthe Orkneys. Lon. 3. 12. W. Lat.
58. 48. N.
Hoya, pr. Han., bounded N. by Delmenhorsf,

HUA

16&

HUD

Bremen, and the Weser, NE. ny Verden, E. by
Luneburg and Calenberg, S. by Minden, and
W. by Diepholz and Oldenburg; about .32 in.
in length, and 29 in breadth. Pop. 89,589. H.
12,549. Sq.m. 1,164. The inhabitants are mostly
Lutherans. Chief town, Nienburg.
Hoya, X. Han., capital of a district in Hoya,
on the Weser; 24 SSE. Bremen. Lon. 9. 12. E.
Lat. 52. 51. N. Pop. 1,687.
Hoya, (La,) X. Mexico, in New Biscay ; 90
NW. Parral.
Ho-yam, t. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si ; 27 NNE. Tong.
Hoyer, X. Denmark, in Sleswick, with a har
bour for small vessels, situated on the coast of
the North sea, celebrated for its oyster fishery ;
6W. Tondern. Pop. 630.
Hoyerswerda, t. Sax. Lusatia, on the river
Elsten; 18 N. Budissen, 34 NNE. Dresden.
Lon. 14. 16. E. Lat. 51. 26. N. Pop. 1,700.
Hoyland, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 92 NNE.
Drontheim. Hoym, X. Ger., in Anhalt Bernburg ; 16 W.
Bernburg. Lon. 11. 27. E. Lat 51. 48. N. Pop.
1,740. Ho-yn, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan ;
35 ESE. Hoai-king.
Ho-yu-en, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-tong; 45 NE. Hoei-tcheou.
Hoza, X. Russia, Grodno ; 8 N. Grodno.
Hozardara, mt. Persia, Irak ; 21 S. Ispahan.
Hozow, t Rus. Kiev; 30 SW. Bialacerkiew.
Hradeck, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 12 SE.
Konigingratz. Hradek, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 4W.
Konigingratz. Hradeck, see Wunschelburg.
Hradelsch Gindriscke, see Neuhaus.
HradetZySee Gratz fa Konigingratz.
Hradisch, or Hradista, X. Moravia, and capital
of a circle of the same name, on an island in
the river Moraw, celebrated for its excellent
wine and fruit ; 30 S. Olmutz, 120 S. Breslau.
Lon, 17. 24. E. Lat. 49. 5. N. Pop. 1,700.— Pop.
ofthe circle, 215,923. H. 39,800. Sq. m. 1,407.
Hradisch, t. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 3 NNE. Ol
mutz. Hradislie, or Munchengratz, X. Bohemia, in
Buntzlau; 6 N. Jung-Buntzlau. Pop. 1,500.
Hradistie Hory Tabor, see Tabor.
Hraditz, l. Bohemia, in Rakonitz ; 15 SW.
Rakonitz. Hrasgrad, or Rasgrat, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bul
garia ; 32 S. Ruscek.
Hralnitz, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 2 SW.
Geyersberg. Hrebnia, X. Rus. Minsk;. 16 SSE. Minsk.
Hrochow, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 4 ENE.
Chrudim. Hua, or Kahua, or Hua-fou,see Faifo.
Huaheine, one of the Society islands, in the
S. Pacific ocean, 24 miles in circ, separated by
a deep gulf into two peninsulas, united by an
isthmus, which is overflowed by the sea in high
tides. The vegetable productions are similar
to those of Otaheite. The harbour, of Owharra,
on the west coast, has good anchorage, in 18
fathoms water, secure from winds. Lon. 151.
10. W. Lat 16. 43. S.
Huajocingo, t. Mexico, in Puebla.

Huale, X. Arabia,, in Hedsjar, on W. coast of
the Persian gulf. Lon. 50. E. Lat. 25. 49. N.
Hualsde, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 69. 40. N.
Huamalies, X. Peru, capital of a district ; 150
E. Truxillo.
Huanca Veliea, see Guanca Veliea.
Huasacualco, r. Mexico, which runs N. into
the gulf of Mexico, SE. Vera Cruz.
Hubaian, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 50 E. Baiza.
Hubaut, rock in the English channel, near
foe island of Jersey ; 2 SW. Noirmont
Hubbard, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 843.
Hubbardston, p-t. Franklin co. Illinois; 102
Vandalia, W. 830.
Hubbardslown, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. ; 50
WNW. Windsor, W. 442. Pop. 810.
Hubbardstown, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 21
NNW. Worcester, 60 WNW. Boston, W. 415.
Pop. 1,367.
Hubber, small isl. in the Baltic, between the
island of Usedom and the continent. Lon. 13.
40. E. Lat. 54. 38. N.
Hubely, X. Hind., in Sanore ; 18 SE. Darwar,
20 NW. Sanore. Lon. 75. 24. E. Lat. 25. 53. N.
Hubertsberg, t. Saxony, in Leipsic, with a
magnificent hunting seat ; 3 NE. Mutschen. It
is remarkable for a peace made here between
the kings of Prussia and Poland, and the em
press queen, in 1763.
Hubkow, X. Volhynia ; 64 NW. Zytomiers.
Hu-choui-lo-tchuan, X. Corea ; 600 ENE. Pe
king. Lon. 128. 51. E. Lat. 42. 27. N.
Hucheswagen, or Hueckswagen, X. Pru. Juliers-
Cleves-Berg, in Dusseldorf, on the Wipper ; 28
ESE. Dusseldorf. Pop. 4,793.
Huckleberry Creek, r. S. C, which runs into
the Great Pedee, 3 miles below Goodwin's
Creek. Hucknal Torkard, parish, Eng., in Notting
hamshire ; 6 NNW. Nottingham. Pop. 1,793.
Huddlcgur, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 15 N. Boad.
Hucquelieres, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; '
9 NE. Montreuil. Pop. 690.
Huddersfield, or Hulhersfield, X. Eng., in York
shire ; 25 NE. Manchester, 189 N. London.
Lon. 1.42. W. Lat. 53. 39. N. Pop. 9,671. It
is situated on the Colne, in a barren country,
and is becorhe one of the greatest seats of the
woollen manufacture, and forms perhaps, with
the exception of Leeds, the greatest mart for
woollens in England. The goods consist of
narrow and broad cloths, serge, kerseymeres,
fac. The town has a communication, by means
of Huddersfield canal to Ashton, with Man-
¦ Chester, Liverpool, and the western district, and
with Hull and the eastern towns, by the same
canal and the rivers Air and Calder.
Hude, e. Eng., which runs into tbe.Tees, 7
miles above Barnard castle, in Durham.
Hudemublen, X. Han., Luneburg Zelle, on the
Alter ; 19 W. Zelle, 20 N. Hanover. Pop. 447.
Hudismenil, t. France, in Channel ; 5 E.
Grandville. H. 400.
Hud-sjera, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 36 WNW. Sana.
Hudson, or JVortA River, r. N. Y., which rises
in a mountainons countiy west of lake Cham
plain, in foe counties of Essex and Montgom
ery, about Lat. 44. N., and communicates with
the Atlantic, below New-York city.

HUD

766

HUI

It is navigable for the largest ships to Hud
son, and for sloops to Troy. The tide flows up
as far as Troy. It is remarkably straight for 200
miles, and it is one ofthe finest rivers in Ame
rica. There are upon its bank a number of
handsome and flourishing towns ; and in pass
ing up the river through the Highlands, there is
exhibited a fine and picturesque scenery.
Distances.

From its source to >
Sandy hill, about J

Miles.

Whole dist

100

100

Waterford . . .

42

142

Troy ....

4

146

6

152

30

182

Foughkeepsie . .

55

237

Newburgh

10

247

New-York . .

65

312

The Narrows . .

12

324

Hudson, city, port of entry, fa cap. Columbia
co. N. Y., on E. bank of the Hudson ; 30 S.
Albany, 130 N. New-York,W. 336. Lon. 73. 46.
W. Lat. 42. 14. N. Pop. in 1810, including the
township, 4,048; in 1820, 4,860; of the city,
2,900. It was founded in 1784, and between
this time and the spring of 1786, 150 dwelling
houses were erected. It is pleasantly situated,
and regularly laid out ; the streets intersect each
other at right angles. It contains 6 houses of
public worship, an academy, and 2 banks. The
city is well built, and is considerable both for
trade and manufactures. The shipping owned
here, in 1816, amounted to 2,761 tons. Claver
ack creek, which flows on the eastern side of
the town, and Abram's, or Factory creek, on
the northern side, afford good seats for various
mills and manufactories. The woollen manu
factory on Claverack creek is said to be one of
the most extensive in the state. Two weekly
newspapers are published here.
Hudson, p-t. Portage co. Ohio ; 23 SE. Cleve
land, W. 342. Pop. ,491.
Hudson, a broad, short river, Dorchester co.
Md., which flows into Chesapeake bay, between
Hill's point and James island.
Hudson's Bay, large bay, N. America, situat
ed N. of Canada, reaching in its whole extent
from Lon. 78. to Lon. 95. W., and from Lat.
52. to Lat. 68. N., in which are included the
different gulfs and bays, such as James bay,
Welcome sea, fac. which are no otherwise to
be distinguished than being narrower. The
Hudson's bay company have several settle
ments and forts, especially on W. coast, where
their agents carry on a traffic with the Indians
for beaver-skins, and othervaluable furs.
Hudson's Straits, or Frobisher's Mistaken Strait,
the narrow sea between the Atlantic ocean and
Hudson's bay, N. of Labrador.
Hudson's House, station or factory, in N.
America, on the Saskashawin river. Lon. 106.
27. W. Lat. 53. N.
Hudson's Point, cape of the island of Antigua,
on SE. coast Lon. 61. 23. W. Lat. 17. 10. N.
Hudwickswall, s-p. Sweden, in Helsingland,
with a good harbour, surrounded on three sides
by the sea. Lon. 17. 8. E. Lat. 61. 44. N. Pop.
1,609. The inhabitants carry on an advantage
ous trade in timber, wooden chairs, flax, linen,
butter, fish, fac.

Hue, or Huefo, see Faifo.
Hveen, see Hwen.
Huelamo, t. Spain, in New-Castile , 22 NNE.
Cuenc,a. Huelba, or Huelva, X. Spain, in Seville, on the
coast of the Atlantic, near the mouths of the
Odiel and Tinto ; 3 W. Moguer. Lon. 7. 1. W.
Lat. 37. 13. N. Pop. 5,000.
Huelba, r. Spain, which rises in S. part of
Estramadura, and runs into the Guadalquivir,
6 above Seville.
Huelgoet, (Le,) X. France, in Finisterre ; 9
NW. Carhaix, 12 S. Morlaix. Pop. 680.
Huelma, X. Spain, in Granada; 13 SW. Gra
nada. Pop. 2,400.
Huermoces, X. Spain, in New-Castile ; 5 W.
Siguenca. Huerte de Valdecarabanos, X. Spain, in New-
Castile ; 17 E. Toledo.
Huesca, (an. Osca,) X. Spain, in Aragon, ort
the Isuela ; bp. see ; 27 NNE. Saragossa, 73
SW. Pamplona. Lon. 0. 27. W. Lat. 42. 7. N.
Pop. 6,800. It contains 4 parishes, 5 convents,
and a university founded in the year 1354. In
the 7th century, this town was the capital of a
small Moorish kingdom.
Huescar, X. Spain, in Grenada, containing 2
parishes and 4 convents ; 7 WNW. Carthagena,
65 NE. Grenada. Lon. 2. 23. W. Lat. 57. 37.
N. Pop. 3,000.
Hueta, see Gueta.
Huelern, t. Bavaria, in Passau ; 6 N. Passau.
Huetinberg, X. Carinthia ; 8 E. Friesach.
Huesscn, X. Neth. Guelderland ; 2 S. Arnheim.
Hufi t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the
Pruth ; 50 SSE. Jassy. Lon. 46. 19. E. Lat.
46. 34. N.
Huffingen, or Huiffengen, X. Baden ; 4 NNW.
Furstenberg, 17 NNW. Schaffhausen. . Pop.
1,122. Huffier, X. Ger. ; 13 SSW. Meinungen.
Hugh Town, X. St Mary's, one of the Scilly
islands. Hughesville, p-v. Patrick co. Va. ; W. 347.
Hulia, X. Persia, in Irak ; 5 NE. Ghulpaigan.
Huide, X. Norway, Christiansand ; 20 E. Skeen.
Huidings, small isl. in the North sea, near W.
coast of Norway ; 10 W. Stavanger. Lon. 5.
25. E. Lat. 59. 4. N.
Hvilgrund, small isl. on W. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 17. II. E. Lat. 65. 47. N.
Hvilgrundet, small isl. on W. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 17. 27. E. Lat. 60. 36. N.
Huillecourt, X. France, in Upper-Marne; 3
SSW. Bourmont
Huilquikmu, or Eslanzia del Rey, pr. of Chi
li. Chief town, Estanzia del Rey.
Huipsness, cape on N. coast of the island of
Stronsa. Lon. 2. 31. W. Lat. 59. 1. N.
Huis, (V,) X. France, in Ain, on the Rhone ;
6W.Belley. Pop. 1,077.
Huisne, r. France, which runs into the Sarte,
near le Mans.
Huisseau, X. France, in Loiret ; 9 W. Orleans.
Huissen, X. Neth., in Guelderland ; 4 S. by E.
Arnheim, 10 NNW. Cleves. Pop. 902.
Huitan, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 20 N.
Lulea. Hvitlisburg, X. Finland ; 12 N. Biorneborg.
Huitzilzitta, v. Mexico, in Mechoachan, of

HUL

767

HUM

which it Was formerly the capital. Fop. 2,500.
*Hui-yao, t. China; 22 WNW: Ning-po.
Huldibarry, X. Bengal; 48 NE. Purneah.
Huldipookra, X. Bengal ; 46 S. Jauldoe.
Huldooa, X. Hind., Dooab; 50 NW. Pattiary.
Huldschin, or Ilildschin, or Holtschim, X. Sile
sia ; 11 E. Troppau, 6 W. Oderberg. Lon. 18.
12. E. Lat. 49. 48. N. Pop. 1,125
Hulel Panias, (an. Merom, Samochonite, or
Lamaeo Lake,) lake, Palestine, near the source
of the Jordan, 6 miles in circuit ; 10 N. of the
seaof Tiberias.
Hulet Panias, or Pancedes, (an. Dan,) r. Pal
estine, which runs into lake Merom, called also
Hulet Panias.
Hulein, or Hulin, X. Moravia, in Prerau ; 12 S.
Prerau ; Pop. 1,940.
Hulinsburg, p-t. Armstrong co. Pa. ; W. 336.
Hulin Rocks, or The Maids, rocks in N. chan
nel of the Irish sea ; 6 miles from the coast of
Antrim. Lon. 5. 37. W. Lat. 45. 57. N.
Hull, Indian name, Nantasket, X. Plymouth co.
Mass. ; 9 ESE. Boston. Pop. 172. It is a nar
row peninsula, 8 miles in length, and is united
to Hingham by a milldam. On the eastern side
of the peninsula there are two forts, in one of
which there is a well 90 feet deep, which has
often 85 feet of water.
Hull, r. Eng., in the county of York, which
runs into the Humber, at Hull.
Hull, or Kingston-upon-HUll, s-p. Eng., in E.
Riding of Yorkshire; 36 SE. York, 97 E. Man
chester, 174 N. London. Lon. 0. 16. W. Lat.
53. 45. N. Pop. in 1811, 26,792; and including
Drypool, Sutton, Sculcoats, and those absent at
sea, upwards of 40,000. H. 4,611. It is situated
on the north side of the great inlet of the Hum
ber, at the junction of the river Hull, 20 miles
from the sea. It has great advantages for com
merce, having a very extensive inland navi
gation, communicating with York, Sheffield,
Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Nottingham,
Birmingham, and Bristol. It is operi on the
east, to the eastern coast, the continent and the
North sea. A harbour was formed by widening
and deepening the channel of the river ; and
vast docks were afterwards erected for the bet
ter accommodation ofthe shipping. These fa
cilities have greatly increased the business of
the town ; a general spirit of commercial activ
ity and enterprise has diffused itself throughout
foe whole ; and this growing emporium is now
foe 4th, if not the 3d, in commercial impor
tance. The foreign trade is principally to the
Baltic and in the whale fishery ; but a regular
traffic is also kept up to the southern parts of
Europe, to the West Indies, and to America.
The whale fishery is carried on here more ex
tensively than at any other port in England,
and in 1811, employed 42 ships. The coasting
trade for coals, corn, wool, manufactured goods,
fac, is prodigious ; and the inland trade exceeds
that of any other English port. The customs
amounted, in 1802, to £438,439.
Within the last 30 years, the town has been
greatly enlarged and improved. It extends
nearly 2 miles along foe banks of the Humber.
It is generally well built, almost wholly of
brick ; paved, flagged, and lighted. The older
streets are narrow, incommodious, and disa

greeable ; but in the newer parts, foe streets
are regular and spacious, and the buildings ele
gant, many of them magnificent. The public
buildings are numerous, but not remarkable for
elegance, except the Trinity church, which is
a large and elegant Gothic edifice. It has vari
ous charitable institutions. It sends 2 members'
to parliament. Markets, Tuesday and Satur
day. — Natives, Andrew Marvel and William
Mason. Hittt, (Little,) small isl. in the E. Indian sea>.
near W. coast of the isl. of Poggy. Lon. 99. 32..
E. Lat. 2. 45. S.
Hulleah, X. Hind., Benares ; 20 S. Merzapour.
Hulluah, X. Guzerat ; 15 N. Champaneer.
Hulmevilk, p-t. Bucks co. Pa.; 119 Harris
burg, W. 163.
Hulpen, t. Brabant ; 8 SE. Brussels. Fop. 800..
Huls, X. Pru. Cleves; 2 SE. Kempen,35NW.
Cologne. Pop. 1,670.
Hulsl, X. Neth., E. Flanders, on a canal, which
communicates with the Scheldt ; 16 W. Ant
werp, 16 NNE. Ghent. Lon. 4.3. E. Lat. 51.
17. N. Pop. 1,714. It is ancient, and very
strong, by its situation among marshes, and its
fortifications. Hulton, (Little,) t Eng., in Lancashire; 4 S.
Bolton. Pop. 1,886.
Hullrop, X. Westphalia ; 6 NNE. Weltzenen.
Hullsio, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 26 N. Wexio.
Hulwad, X. Guzerat; 55 NE. Wurwana.
Humaguaca, X. S. A., in Tucuman ; 65 N. St.
Salvador de Jugui.
Human, X. Persia, Segestan ; 180 SE. Zareng.
Human, or Uman, X. Russia, Kiev; 50 ESE.
Braclaw, 108 S. Kiev. Lon. 30. 8. E. Lat. 48.
42. N. Pop. 2,508.
Humana de Tompieres, X. New-Mexico ; 63
SSE. Santa F6.
Humor, small island in the Red sea, near the
coast of Arabia ; 3 NW. Loheia.
Humans, X. New Navarre ; 120 S. Casa
Grande. Humaxar, X. S. A., in Tucuman, on the river
Dolce ; 60 S. St. Jago del Estero.
Humber, r. Upper Canada, which runs into
W. end of lake Ontario.
Humber, (an. Abus,) i. England, formed by
the union of the Ouse and the Trent, between
the counties of Lincoln and York ; and which
runs into the German sea, Lon. 1. 15. E. Lat. 53.
30. N. It is, next to the Thames, the principal
outlet for the waters on the E. side of the island.
, Humbolecz, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 9 SW.
Teutsch-Brod. Pop. 2,000.
Humes, X. France, Upper-Marne ; 3 N. Lan
gres. Humfre, cape on coast ofthe island of Guern
sey; 1 S. Cornet castle.
Hummelstown, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa., on the
Swatara ; 9 E. Harrisburg, 90 W. Philadelphia,
W. 122. Pop. 448. H. 70. On the Swatara,
1 £ m. below the town, there is a large cave,
which is esteemed a great natural curiosity. It
abounds in stalactites and other petrifactions,
which assume a great variety Of curious forms.
Hummet, (The,) small island in the English
channel, near NE. coast of Guernsey.
Hummock, small isl. in the E. Indian sea; 15
S. Mindanao. Lon. 126. 37. E. Lat. 5. 24. N.

HUN

768

HUN

Hummock Point, cape on N. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 121. 39. E. Lat. 1. 20. N.
. Hunimudnagur, t. Bahar; 45 SSW. Patna.
Hump, (Naked,) small island in the Mergui
Archipelago. Lat. 10. 23. N.
Hump, (North-Wcst,) small island in foe Mer
gui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 19. N.
Hfimp, (South,) small island in the Mergui
Archipelago. Lat 10. 9. N.
Hump, (South-East,) small island in the Mer
gui Archipelago. Lat. 10. 12. N.
Humpffersliausen, X. Ger., in Henneberg; 8
NW. Meinungen.
Humphreys, co. West Tennessee, on E, side
of the river Tennessee. Pop. 4,067.
Humphreysville, p-v. in Derby, Ct, on the
Naugatuc, 5 miles above its confluence with
foe Housatonic ; 4 N. Derby, W. 315. It is at
the head of navigation, and is distinguished for
its manufactures of cotton, wool, and paper.
Humpoletz, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 8 SW.
Teutsch Brod.
Humppila, t. Finland ; 30 W. Tavasthus.
Humprechtschauxn, X. Bav. ; 6 E. Lauringen.
Hun, X. Africa, in Fezzan ; 20 N. Mourzouk.
Hunary, two small islands near W. coast of
Hindoostan; 85 S. Bombay. Lon. 72. 38. E.
Lat. 18. 47. N.
Hunberg, t Denmark, in North-Jutland ; 8
SW. Aalborg.
Hunbrodjt. Moravia, in Hradisch. Pop. 2,912.
Hunderbuhl, X. Transylvania; 12 S. Sches-
burg. Hundersfield, township, Eng., in Lancashire,
composed of the district of Wardleworth, Wear-
dale, Blatchinworth, and Tormorden; 18 N
Manchester, 200 NNW. London. Pop. 10,671.
Hundersruck, X. Han., in Hildeeheim, between
the Weser and the Leine, near Eimbeck.
Hundsfeld, see Friedcriclisfeld.
Hundshaim, X. Austria ; 2 S. Hainburg.
Hundshubel, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg; 12
SSE. Zwickau, 23 SSW. Chemnitz. Pop. 850.
Hundsmarck, X. Stiria, on the Muehr; 14
WSW. Judenburg, IS ENE.Muhrau. In 1799,
the town was taken by the French, after a bat
tle, in which the Austrians were defeated.
Hundsruck, or Hunds-Ruck, district, Ger., be
tween the Rhine, the Moselle, and the Nahe.
Hune, (La,) bay on S. coast of Newfound
land ; 90 E. Cape Ray.
Hunefeld, X. Hesse Cassel, in Fulda; 8 NNE
Fulda, 26 SW. Eisenach. Pop. 1,663.
Hunerwasser, t. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 10 N.
Jung Buntzlau.
HUNGARY, country, Europe, forming under
the title ofakingdom a considerable part of the
Austrian dominions ; bounded N. by Galicia,
E. by Transylvania and Walachia, S. by Tur
key, Sclavonia, and Croatia, and W. by Ger
many. Lon. 15. to 25. 10. E. Lat. 44. 13. to 49.
26. N. ; 430 miles long, and 360 broad. Sq. m.
81,138; and including some military districts,
84,200. Pop. in 1815, 7,126,008; with milita
ry districts, 7,298,343. According to Blumen-
bach, the population of Civil Hungary,including
Croatia and Sclavonia, which are united with
it by the Austrian government, is 8,200,000.
Aocording to Hassel, foe population of all the
Hungarian states, including Hungary Proper,

Croatia, and Sclavonia, together with Transyl
vania, and 4 military districts, foe population is
10,641,585. Dalmatia, Bosnia, Servia, Moldavia,
Bulgaria, Walachia, and Galicia were formerly
included under the name of Hungarjf.
Divisions. Hungary was formerly divided
into Upper and Lower ; but is now divided by
the Austrian government into 4 great circles, or
districts, Which are subdivided into 52 counties.
The 1st district north of the Danube contains
13 counties; foe 2d, south ofthe Danube, 11 ;
the 3d, north and west of the Theiss, 11 ; the
4th, south and east ofthe Theiss, 17. Of these
last counties 6 embrace the civil part of Croa
tia and Sclavonia, which lie south of the Dan
ube and Drave. There are also some minor
districts distinct from the 52 counties.
Towns. The principal towns are Buda, the
residence ofthe viceroy, and therefore account
ed the capital ; Pest, the largest and most com
mercial town, the seat of the high courts of
justice, and the place of meeting for the diet ;
Presburg, the former capital, and place where
the kings are still crowned ; Debreczin, the 2d
town for population and trade ; Schemnitz and
Cremnitz the chief mining towns ; also Zege
din, Ketskemet, Theresienstadt, Erlau, Zombar,
and Neusatz. There are 42 royal free cities;
30 other cities, 590 towns, and 9,214 villages.
Government. The emperor of Austria is styl
ed king of Hungary. The constitution is a coin-
pound of monarchy and aristocracy. The king,
as the great executive magistrate, has very am
ple prerogatives. The diet is composed of 4
classes; 1st, the Catholic prelates; 2d, the
magnates or superior nobles ; 3d, the represen
tatives of foe inferior nobles ; and, 4th, the re
presentatives of the royal free towns. The ad
ministration of justice is entirely in foe hands
ofthe nobles, and none but nobles can be land
ed proprietors. The number of nobles of all
ages and both sexes, is about 326,000.
Religion. The number of Catholics (includ
ing 6, or800,000 Greeks united with the Cath
olics) in Hungary, Sclavonia, and Croatia, is-
4,S70,000; Greeks, 1,344,100; Ref. 1,050,000 j
Lutherans, 650,000; Jews, 129,000. The Ca
tholics have 3 archbishops, of Gran, Erlau, and
Colocza, and, including Transylvania, 34 bish-
ops, 16 of them only titular. The Greek church
has 1 archbishop, of Carlowitz, and 7 bishops.
Tribes of people. The inhabitants are com
posed of about 3,983,100 Sclavonians, 2,675,000
Magyars, or Maggarians, 633,000 Walachians,
570,000 Germans, 129,000 Jews.
Revenue. Stated at 3 or 4 million pounds
per annum.
Education. There is a university at Pest,
Reformed colleges or lyceums at Debreczin,
and Saros Patak ; a school of mines at Schem
nitz, a lyceum at Erlau, schools of philosophy
at Zegedin and Stein-am-Anger, academies at
Presburg, Caschau, Gros Wardein,and Raab ; 5
arch-gymnasia with 26 professors, 43 gymnasia
with 88 professors, 9 normal schools, 73 prin
cipal schools, besides parish schools. Educa
tion is generally in a very backward state. The
language is supposed to be a dialect of the Fin
nish ; it is extremely difficult to acquire ; and
cannot boast of any authors of merit.

HUN

769

HUN

Rivers. The principal rivers are the Danube,
Brave, Theysse, Grau, Waag, Poprad, Temes,
Samos, Marsch, and Marosch. The largest lakes
are those of Balaton, Nieusiedl, Palitsch, and
Grunsee. Face of the country. The ranges of the Car
pathian mountains separate Hungary from Aus
tria, Moravia, Galicia, and Transylvania; there
are also several detached ranges. Yet the coun
try contains immense plains ; two very exten
sive ; one in the western part 90 miles in dia
meter; the lower or eastern plain comprises
nearly one half of the country, having a diame
ter of more than 200 miles. There are also
some extensive marshes.
Soil and productions. The plains lying on the
rivers have a rich alluvial soil. In the south a
great proportion of the soil is good, yet there
are large, barren heaths, and some tracts cover
ed with moving sand ; and in the north the soil is
hard and untractable. The most common pro
ductions in the northern part, are barley, oats,
common rye, and a species of rye called irkitza ;
in the southern, wheat, maize, millet, oats,
and rice. Hemp, flax, tobacco, saffron, potatoes,
and various fruits are cultivated. The breed
ing of cattle and the making of wine are im
portant branches of industry. The country is
celebrated for its pastures, and here are found
some of the finest cattle in Europe. But agri
culture is generally in a backward state. Of
foe exports, corn is the most considerable ar
ticle, next tobacco, then wine, particularly To
kay, and wool ; also wax, tallow, potash, alum,
antimony, gal nuts, fac. Hungary produces a
greater quantity of wine than all the rest of foe
Austrian dominions.
Minerals. These form an important part of
the riches of Hungary. The whole annual prod
uce of the mines is stated at 21,000 marks
(each of 8 oz.) of gold ; 91,000 marks of silver;
23,000 cwt. of lead ; 48,500 cwt. of copper ;
41,000 cwt. of forged iron, and 500 cwt. of
zinc. There are also various kinds of precious
stones. The chief mining towns are Schem-
nitz, Cremnitz, Herngrund, Neusohl, Schmoll-
Bitz, Nagy B any a, and Oravitza.
The Military Frontiers, a long tract of coun
try, extending from foe Adriatic to the Buko-
wine, 600 miles, along the confines of Iliyria,
Croatia, Sclavonia, Hungary, and Transylvania,
are divided into 4 districts ; 1st, foe Banat dis
trict, with 172,235 inhabitants, and 3,060 sq. m.;
2d, the Sclavonian district, with 235,107 inha
bitants and 2,883 sq. m. ; 3d, the Croatian dis
trict, with 396,483 inhabitants and 5,808 sq. m. ;
4th, the Transylvanian district, with 144,659
inhabitants and 5,363 sq. m. Total pop. 948,482.
Sq. m. 17,114. H. 110,892. Every man here is
literally horn a soldier, and wears a military
uniforni, and is bound to perform military ser
vice, at home or abroad, when called upon,
and more particularly to defend the frontier.
The inhabitants are exempted from certain
taxes, and have a portion of land assigned them,
which is inalienable, and descends from father
to son. Instead of civil magistrates, they are
subject to captains, colonels, and generals. The
whole system is under the direction of a coun
cil of war at Vienna, which acts through the
Vol. I. 97

medium of a military court at Peleruiardein,
under whose controul is likewise placed the
corps of Watermen or Pontoneers, called the
Tschaikislen corps, .enrolled at Tilul, for man
aging the flotillas and the passage of the rivers.
Hungen, t Hesse, in Solms-Braunfels ; 14
SE. Wetzlar, 19 ESE. Braunfels. Pop. 899.
Hungerford, X. Eng., partly in Berkshire and
partly in Wiltshire, on the Kennet, which sepa
rates it from Wiltshire, with a weekly market
on Wednesday ; 9 W. Newbury, 65 W. London.
Lon. 1.26. W. Lat. 51.25. N. Pop. in Berk
shire, 943; in Wiltshire, 3, or 400. — Native, Dr.
S. Chandler.
Hungry Bay, bay on E. end of lake Ontario,
on which Sacket's harbour is situated.
Hungry Point, cave on E. coast of the island
of St. Vincent. Lon. 61. 11. W. Lat. 13. 28. N.
Hungrytown, p-v. Luuenburg co. Va. ; 33 E.
Marysville, W. 216.
Hungtong, X. Meckley ; 35 SE. Munnypour.
Huningue, Huningen, or Bourg Libre, X.
France, in Upper-Rhine, on the Rhine ; 2 N.
Bale, 14 E. Altkirch. Pop. 964. The town is
small, but handsome, and was regularly forti
fied by M. Vauban, and was a place of great
strength, but demolished since 1816.
Hunmanby, X. Eng., in York, about 2 miles
from the sea, 11 S. Scarborough, 209 N. Lon
don. Lon. 0. 10. W. Lat. 54. 13. N. Pop. 757.
Hunmutnagur, X. Bengal ; 25 NNE. Purneah.
Hunnaryd, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 18 SW.
Jonkioping. Hunne, r. Ger., which runs into the Lenne, 2
miles above Bilstein.
Hunneine, X. Algiers, near the coast; 10
NNW. Tackuriibreet.
Hunruouar, t, Hind., in Mysore; 13 ENE.
Cheneroypatam. Hunolstein, t. Pru. Treves ; 5 S. Berncastel,
18 E. Treves.
Huntaw, X. Prussia, in Brandenburg ; 3 S.
Brandenburg. Hunte, r. Ger., which rises in the Dummer
see, in the lordship of Diepholz, passes by Wil-
donhausen, Oldenburg, fac, and runs into the
Weser, about 20 NE. Oldenburg.
Hunteburg, t. Han., in Osnabruck, on the
Hunte ; 18 NE. Vorden. Pop. 275.
Hunter, formerly Greenland, p-t. Greene co.
N. Y.; 45 SSW. Albany, W. 340. Pop. 1,025.
Hunter's Bay, or Rigg Bay, bay, Scot, on E.
coast of foe county of Wigton.
Hunterslown, v. York co. Pa, ; 25 W. York.
Hunterdon, co. N. J., bounded N W, by Sussex
co., N. by Morris co., E. by Somerset co., SE.
by Burlington co., and SW. by the Delaware.
Pop. in 1810, 24,553 ; in 1820, 28,604. Chief
towns, Trenton and Flemington.
Huntersville, p-v. Lincoln co. N. C. -, W. 422.
Huntfleet, township, Eng., in Yorkshire, in
the liberty of Leeds. Popi 6,393.
Hunting Creek Town, v. Dorchester co. Md. ;
14 NE. Cambridge.
Hunting Islands, cluster of small islands in
the Atlantic, near Port Royal, in S. C. Lon. 80.
35. W. Lat. 32. 24. N.
Hunting Sound, narrow channel on the coast
of N.C., between Core bank and the continent.
Huntingdon, co. S. part of Pa., bounded N.

HUN

770

HUR

by Centre co., E. by Mifflin and Franklin cos.,
S. and SW. by Bedford co., and W. by Cam
bria co. It is watered by the Juniatta and its
branches. Pop. in 1810, 14,778; in 1820,
20,142. Huntingdon, bor. fa cap. Huntingdon co. Pa.,
on N. side of the Juniatta; 80 W. Harrisburg,
180 W. Philadelphia, W. 154. Pop. 848. It
contains a court house, a jail, a bank, and 4
houses of public worship ; 2 for Presbyterians,
1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Methodists.
Huntingdon, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,197. *
Huntingdon, X. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 474.
Huntingdon, (East,) X. Westmoreland co. Pa;
Fop. 1,383.
Huntingdon, (North,) X. Westmoreland co.
Pa., oh the Youghiogany. Pop. 2,217.
Huntingdon, (South,) X. Westmoreland co.
Pa., on E. side of the Youghiogany. Pop. 2,004.
Huntingdon, X. Eng., and capital of the coun
ty to which it gives name, situated on arising
ground, near foe river Ouse ; 15 NW. Cam
bridge, 52 N. London. Lon. 0. 11. W. Lat. 52.
20. N. • Fop. 2,397. It is built of brick, mostly
on one street, and has many good houses. It
was formerly more considerable, and contained
15 churches, now only 2, with chapels for dis
senters. Near the town was a castle built by
William the conqueror. It sends 2 members to
parliament; and the assizes for the county are
held here. The market is on Saturday. Oliver
Cromwell was born here in 1599.
Huntingdon, _smaU idancLnear-JL-eoast-ef-
Labrador. Lon. 57. 15. W. Lat. 54. N.
Huntingdonshire, co. Eng., bounded N. by
Northamptonshire, E. by Cambridgeshire, S.
by Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire, and W.
by Northamptonshire. The form is an irregu
lar square, about 22 miles from N. to S., arid
18 from E. to W. Sq. m. 340. Pop. 42,208.
3,361 families engaged in agriculture, 2,205 in
trade and manufactures, 1,242 otherwise. It is
divided into four hundreds, which contain 5
market towns, and 79 parishes.
Huntington, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 1,274.
Huntington, v. Calvert co. Md. ; 22 NE. Port
Tobacco. Huntington, X. Chittenden co. Vt. ; 18 NE.
Burlington. Pop. 732.
Huntington, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. ; on W. side
of the Housatonic, which separates it from Der
by ; 17 W. New-Haven, W. 302. Pop. 2,805.
Huntington, p-t. Suffolk co. N.Y., on Long
island ; 40 E. New- York, W 270. Pop. 4,944.
It extends across the island, and contains 5
houses for public worship. The principal vil
lage is pleasantly situated on a bay on N. side
of the island, and contains 2 houses of public
worship, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Episco
palians, an' academy, and about 70 houses. On
Eaton's neck, the N. extremity of the town,
there is a light-house.
Huntington, (South,) p-v. Suffolk co. N. Y. ;
W. 263.
Huntington, p-t. Laurens, S. C. ; W. 571.
Huntington, X. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,350.
Huntington, X. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 981.
Huntingtown, p-t. Calvert co. Md. ; W. 98.
Huntly, X. Scot., in Aberdeenshire, on foe
borders of Banffshire, with a castle belonging

to the duke of Gordon, who is likewise marquis
of Huntly ; 28 NW. Aberdeen, 15 SSW. Banff.
The town consists of 2 principal streets neatly
built, and has some trade and manufactures.
Pop. of the parish, 2,764.
Huntorp, t Oldenburg ; 9 NE. Oldenburg.
Hunt's Bay, bay on S. coast of Jamaica. Lon.
76. 49. W. Lat. 17. 52: N.
Huntsburg, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 46 NNE.
^Burlington, W. 541. Pop. 714.
Huntsville, p-t. Surry co. N. C, on the Yad
kin ; 16 SW. Bethania, W. 384.
Huntsville, p-v. Laurens district, S. C. ; 70
Columbia, W. 509.
Huntsville, p-t. fa cap. Madison co. Alabama,
near the head waters of Indian creek ; 8 S. of
Tennessee line, 10 N. Tennessee river, 110 S.
Nashville ; 220 N. Cahawba, W. 749. Lon. 86.
57. W. Lat. 34. 36. N. Pop. 1,500. It is pleas
antly situated, regularly laid out, built princi
pally of brick, and contains a court house, a
jail, a market house, a bank, a land office, a
printing office, 2 houses of public worship, 1
for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists, and
about 25 trading stores. It is situated in a very
fertile county, from which are exported annu
ally 12, of 14,000 bales of cotton. A very large
and abundant spring, foe source of Indian creek,
supplies the town with excellent water. A boat
navigation from Huntsville to the Tennessee,
has recently been opened by clearing out In
dian creek, and forming a canal of 4 or 5 miles..
— Huntsmlle^-v. Robertson co. Ten. ; W. 781.
Hunyad, X. Transylvania, in a county of the
same name, on a small river, which runs into
the Maros, 54 ENE. Temesvar, 44 SW. Her-
manstadt Lon. 22. 44. E. Lat. 45. 51. N. Pop.
of the county, 16,925 families, mostly Wala-
chians. Sq. m. 2,255.
Huppooah, X. Bengal ; 47 NW. Ramgur.
Hupy le Sec, X. France, in Somme ; 6 S. Ab
beville. Hurchundy, X. Bengal ; 10 S. Chimary.
Hurchunchuck, X. Bengal ; 25 ESE. Boglipour.
Hurchurnpour, X. Bengal ; 17 N. Rajemal.
Hurcos, or Urcos, X. Peru, Cusco ; 12 S. Cusco,
Hurdah, X. Hind., in the Candeish countiy ;
12 SSE. Hindia, 68 SE. Indore. Lon. 71. 18.
E. Lat. 22. 23. N.
Hurdwar, X. Hind., in N. part of the country
of Delhi, on the Himmaleh, near W. coast of
the Ganges, on the borders of Thibet ; 86 N
Delhi. Lon. 78. 23. E. Lat. 29. 65. N.
Hureepour, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 95 ENE.
Lahore. Lon. 75. 42. E. Lat. 32. 5. N.
Hurfwa, X. Sweden, in Skone ; 10 NE. Lund.
Huriel, X. France, in Allier ; 6 NW. Montlu-
con. Pop. 855.
Hurkutla, X. Bengal ; 40 SSE. Curruckdeah.
Hurley, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. ; 67 S. by W.
Albany. Pop. 1,352.
Huron, r. N. A., which forms a communica
tion between lake Huron and lake St. Clair.
Huron, lake, North America, 218 miles long,
from E. to W., and 180 broad ; of very irregu
lar form ; about 1,100 miles in circumference,
containing many islands and bays. Lon. 80. 10.
to 84. 30. W. Lat. 43. 20. to 46. 10. N. It
abounds in fish, which are similar to those in
lake Superior. Some of the land on its banks

HUS

771

HYA

is very fertile, and proper for cultivation ; but
in other places barren and sandy. The pro
montory which divides the lake from lake Mi
chigan is composed of a vast plain, upwards of
100 miles in length, but varying in its breadth.
At the NE. corner foe lake communicates with
lake Michigan, by the straits of Michilimackinac.
On its banks are found amazing quantities of
sand cherries, and in the adjacent countries
nearly foe same fruits as about the other
lakes. Huron, co. Ohio, on lake Erie. Pop. 6,675
Huron, p-t. fa cap. Huron co. Ohio, on Huron
river ; 5 S. lake Huron, 47 W. Cleveland, 120
N. by E. Columbus, W. 415. Lon. 82. 38. W.
Lat. 41. 25. N. Pop. 651.
Huron, r. Ohio, which runs N. into lake Erie,
15 E. Sandusky. Length 40 miles.
Huron, r. Michigan, which flows into lake
St. Clair, about 30 N. Detroit It is navigable
for small boats 60 or 70 miles.
Huron, r. NW. Territory, which flows into
lake Superior, E. of Keweena bay. Huron isl
ands are a cluster of islands in the lake off the
mouth of this river.
Huroung, t. Bengal ; 35 SSE. Islamabad.
Hurriapour, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 13 N. Dur-
bungah. Hurpeya, X. Hind., in Moultan ; 6 NW. Sha-
wanaz. Hurpois, small isl. on E. side of the guff of
Bothnia. Lon. 21 34. E. Lat. 63. IS. N.
Hurrai, X. Hind., in Oude, on the left bank of
Ganges ; 12 S. Corah.
Hurryal, X. Bengal ; 20 SE. Nattore, 70 NW.
Dacca. Lon. 89 28. E. Lat 24. 18. N.
Hurry Durp Gaut, mountainous pass from
Mysore into Baramaul ; 5 SE. Ryacotta.
Hurrypour, I. Hind., in Sanore ; 17 S. Ranny
Bednore. Hursaloo, t. Hind., Nagore; 12 W. Catch-
wan a.
Hurst Castle, fortress, Eng., built on a neck
of land on S. coast of the county of Hants, in
foe narrowest part of the channel between the
Isle of Wight and the continent, always suppli
ed with a garrison of men ; 2 W. Yarmouth, in
foe Isle of Wight Lon. 1. 33. W. Lat. 60. 42. N.
Hus, or Hussu, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia,
foe see of a Greek bishop, on the Pruth ; 70
SW. Bender, 87 NNW. Ismail. Lon. 28. 34. E.
Lat. 46. 35. N. Here Peter the Great made
peace with the Turks.
Husacker, one of the small Shetland islands,
between Mainland and Yell. Lon. 1. 35. W.
Lat. 60. 48. N.
Husby, X. Sweden, in Dalecarlia ; 9 N. He
demora. Husby-fiol, X. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 4
NW. Linkioping.
Husednock, X. Flanders ; 5 SE. Ghent.
Huset,X. Hungary; 24 E. Munkacz.
Huseinabad, (an. Mithridatium,) X. A. Turkey,
in Sivas; 42 SW. Amasieh.
Husseing«nge, t. Hind., in Rohilcund, on the
Ganges; 26 WSW. Budayoon.
Hussen, or Huyssen, X. Neth., Limburg ; 4 S.
Stockem. Hussendbad, see Hussingabad.
Hussenetz, t. Bohemia, in Prachatitz; 4 N.

Prachatitz. Pop. 701. It is the birth place of the
celebrated reformer John Huss ; born 1376.
Husses, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 7 S. Sana.
Hussinabad, X. Hind., in Bahar; 8 SSE. Ro-
tasgur. Hussingabad, or Hussenabad, X. Hind., in Hin
dia, belonging to the Mahrattas, on the left
bank of the Nerbuddah ; 120 NE. Burhanpour,
120ESE.Ougein. Lon. 77. 54. E. Lat. 22. 42. N.
Hussunabad, X. Bengal ; 15 W. Dacca.
Hussun-Abdal, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 130 NW.
Lahore. Lon. 71. 45. E. Lat 33. N.
Hustapetz, X. Moravia, Prerau ; 8 SW. New
Titschein. Pop. 633.
Husum, s-p. Denmark, on W. coast of Sles
wick ; 18 W. Sleswick. Lon. 9. 5. E. Lat. 54.
29. N. Pop. 4,200. It was formerly famous for
exporting great quantities of malt. The princi
pal trade at present consists in beer, cattle, and
horses. Husum, see Reshd.
Huswa, X. Hind. ; 20 NW. Allahabad.
Huszt, X. Hungary, in Marmarosch, on the
Theiss. Pop. 4,000.
Hulhersfield, see Huddersfield.
Hutka, X. Hungary ; 12 SSE. Caschau.
Hutschdorf X. Bav. ; 6 E. Culmbach.
Hulchniz, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 3 E.
Leitmeritz. Huttany, X. Hind., Visiapour , 30 SSW. Visia
pour. Lon. 75. 16. E. Lat. 17. 0. N. It is a large
and populous place, and carries on a consider
able trade with Bombay and Surat.
Hullaup, t. Bengal ; 6 S. Toree.
Hultenberg, X. Aust. Iliyria, in Carinthia; 25
NE. Clagenfurt. Pop. 542. In the environs are
productive iron mines.
Hutlenheim, X. Bav. ; 1 NE. Markt-Seinsheim.
Hutlon, X. Scot, Berwickshire ; 5 W. Berwick.
Huttonsville, p-v. Randolph co. Va. ; W. 233.
Hutlweil, t. Switz., Berne, on the frontiers of
Lucerne ; 16 NE. Berne, 22 NW. Lucerne.
Hullybarry, X. Bengal ; 45 SE. Nattore.
Huy, X. Neth., Liege ; 12 SSW. Liege. Lon.
5. 15. E. Lat. 50. 31. N. Pop. 4,871. It is situ
ated on the Meuse, which divides it into two
parts, the one belonging to the county of Has-
baie, the other to Condroz, of which last Huy
was the capital.
Huy, r. Ger., which runs into the Meuse, at
Huy. Huyngen, or Huynen, X. Pru. Lower Rhine ;
10 SE. Munster Eyffel, 25 S. Cologne.
Huysduynen, X. Holland, near the sea ; 2 S.
Helder. Hwarf X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 63 E.
Uddevalla. Hwe, r. Denmark, in Sleswick, which runs
into the North sea, 12 NW. Sleswick.
Hwen, or Hven, or Ween, fertile island, Swe
den, situated in the sound ; 15 N. Copenhagen.
Lon. 12. 42. E. Lat. 55.54. N. It is about 8,160
paces in circ, and at a distance has the appear
ance of a high mountain. The whole island
contains but one parish, or village. Pop. 300.
It is remarkable for having been the residence
of Tycho Brahe, who had here an observatory.
Huittis, X. Finland ; 15 N. Biorneborg.
Hyalinge, X. Sweden, Blekingen; 20 SSE.
Konsbeck.

HYD

772

HYT

Hyannis, p-v. Barnstable co. Mass., in the
township of Barnstable ; W. 497. Hyannis Road
is near the entrance of Lewis' bay.
Hyaron, small isl. in the Grecian Archipela
go, near the coast of the Morea, between the
gulf of Napoli and the gulf of Engia.
Hyat, X, Hind., in Sollapour ; 12 ENE. Sol-
lapour. Hyatnagur, X. Golconda; 10 SE. Hydrabad.
Hyatpour, X. Bengal; 18 NW. Mauldah.
Hyaltstown, p-t. Montgomery co. Md. ; 4 m.
from Clarksburg ; W. 32.
Hybla, see Paterno.
Hybla-Heraa, see Calata- Genua.
Hycara, now Carini.
Hycoote, r. which rises in N. C, and runs into
the Dan, in Va., 3 miles above Staunton.
Hydaspes, now Behat.
Hyde, co. E. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810,
6,029; slaves 1,852. Pop. in 1820,4,967. Chief
town, Germantown.
Hyde Park, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 28 N. Mont
pelier, W. 530. Pop. 373.
Hyde-Park, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y., on E. side
of the Hudson ; 8 N. Poughkeepsie, W. 305. It
has been formed from a part of Clinton since
1820. Here is a considerable and flourishing
village, which contains an academy.
Hyde-Park. p-v. Halifax co. N. C. ; 79 Ra
leigh, W. 234.
Hyderabad, or Hydrabad, city, Hind., capital
of Sindy, on E. side of the Indus. Lon. 68.41
E. Lat 25. 22. N. Pop. 15,000. The fortress of
Hydrabad stands on a rock, in the form of an
irregular pentagon; defended at foe angles by
round towers. There is a good bazar and sev
eral mosques inside the fort. A considerable
trade is carried on by means of the river with
Moultan, Tatta, and the ports at the mouth of
the river.
Hyderabad, or Golconda, pr. or km. Hind.,
comprising the ancient provinces of Beder,
Nandere, part of Dowlet or Aurungabad, part
of Bejapour, and part of Berar. The chief
towns are Hyderabad, Golconda, Warangole,
Aurungabad, Beder, and Ellichpour. See Gol
conda. Hyderabad, or Hydrabad, or Bagnagar, city,
Hind., capital of Golconda, or Hyderabad, situ
ated in a plain; 270 NNW. Madras, 690 S.
Delhi. Lon. 78. 52. E. Lat 17. 17. N. Pop.
stated at 120,000. It was formerly only a palace
of pleasure, and celebrated for the beauty of its
gardens and delicacy of its situation, till the
16th century, when the then king was induced
to build a city, by foe persuasion of one of his
wives, after whom he called it Bag-nagar, or
foe Gardens of Nagdr. It is very large, sur
rounded with walls, and defended with towers.
The suburbs which are very large, are inhabit
ed by merchants and tradesmen.
Hydergunge, t. Hind., Oude ; 21 WNW. Fy
zabad. Hydergunge, t. Hind., Oude, 55 E. Bohraitch.

Hydergur, X. Hind., Bednore ; 12 SW. Bed
nore. Hydernagur, see Bednore.
Hydershi, X. Golconda ; 18 NW. Combamet
Hydra, or Idra, small island, in the Grecian
Archipelago, about 16 miles long, and two
broad. Lon. 23.;:30. E'. Lat. 39. 20. N. Pop.
25,000 Greeks. It is rocky, and little culti
vated, scarcely yielding the common veg
etables, but very populous and commercial.
The aspect of the town of Hydra is very pleas
ant, and is said to contain nearly 20,000 inhab
itants. The houses are low, mostly of slone,
and convenient. The port, though not large, is
deep and commodious. The number of vessels
belonging to Hydra amounts to 200, carrying
from 100 to 400 tons each. The Hydriot sailors
are accounted the most intrepid navigators in
the Archipelago. Here are upwards of 40
churches, and a large school in which foe an
cient Greek is taught.
Hydra, t. Africa, in Tunis, on the frontiers of
Algiers ; 40 SW. Kefft, 90 ESE. Constantina.
It is situated in a narrow valley, with a rivulet
running by it, and appears to be one of the
most considerable places of this countiy for
extent of ruins ; for we have here the walls of
several houses, the pavement of a whole street
entire, with a variety likewise of altars and
mausolea. Dr. Shaw conjectures that this is
the Tynidrum or Thunodromum of the ancients.
Hydrassa, now Zeia.
Hydria, r. Ger., which rises near Gewelb,
passes by the town of Hydria, and runs into
the Lisonzo, in Carniola.
Hydria or Idria, X. Aust. Carniola, in the Illy-
rian circle of Adelsberg; 9 SSW. Crainburg,
154 SSW. Vienna. Lon. 14. E. Lat. 46.14. N.
Pop. 3,500. It is celebrated for its mines of
quicksilver, which are said to be the finest and
most magnificent in the world. It has also
mines of marble, jasper, freestone, and iron.
Hydruntum, now Otranto.
Hyeres, see Hieres.
Hyjamanny, an arm of the river Indus.
i Hyllekrog, very narrow island, about 3 m.
I long, in the Baltic, near S. coast of Laland.
Lon. 11. 32. E. Lat. 54. 36. N.
Hyllis, now Sabioniello.
Hymettus, mt. Greece, 20 miles in circ. ; 2
miles from Athens ; celebrated for its honey.
Hynnery, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 45 WSW.
Wexio. Hypanis, now Bog.
Hypsa, now Belice.
Hyrcania, see Marmora, and Jorjan.
Hyrcania, ancient country of Asia, SE. of
the Caspian sea, now the NE. part of Persia.
Hyrcanian Sea, now Caspian Sea.
Hyrynsalmi, X. Finland ; 34 NE. Ulea.
Hys, X. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates ; 120
S. Bagdad.
Hylhe, see Hithe.

I.

IJ3E
IbABA, t. Abyssinia, capital of Maitsha, and
one of the largest towns in the country, being
but little inferior to Gondar.
Ibach, r. Brisgau, which runs into the Elz.
Ibaigaibal, or Ibayg aval, or FAoipauat, r. Spain,
Which runs into the bay of Biscay, a little be
low Bilboa.
Ibali, t. Eu. Turkey, Macedonia, near Drino
.Nero; 60 NNW. Akrida.
Ibaque, X. New Grenada, Popayan ; 35 NE.
Cali, 70 WSW. Santa Fe. Lon. 75. 18. W. Lat
4. 28. N. Pop. 400 housekeepers.
/Aar, or Hibar, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia; 10
N. Novi-basar.
/Aar, or Hibar, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into
the Morava, 20 N. Precop.
Ibarra, see St. Miguel de Ibarra.
Ibaroti, t. Paraguay ; 130 E. Assumption.
Ibarra, X. Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 27 Zaca-
tecas, 118 NE. Guadalaxara.
Ibbenbuhren, X. Pru. Munster, formerly the
capital of Upper Lingen ; 6 N. Tecklenburg.
Pop. 1,283.
Ibber, r. Eng., in the county of Derby, which
runs into the Rother, near Chesterfield.
Iberville, parish, Louisiana, on both sides of
foe Mississippi, S. of Baton Rouge. Pop. 4,414.
Rienilk, p-v. Iberville, Louisiana, on the
Mississippi ; 100 m. above N. Orleans, W. 1,317.
Iberville, or Bayou Manchac, r. an outlet of
the Mississippi, which it leaves 20 below Baton
Rouge, and 115 miles above New Orleans, and
after a course of 21 miles, joins the Amite, and
then flows 42 miles E. into lake Maurepas,
which communicates with lake Ponchartrain,
by pass Manchac. It is navigable only 3 months
in foe year, and then only by boats drawing
less than 3 feet of water. From the Mississippi
to the Amite it is perfectly dry for a great part
of the year.
Ibenille, isl. Louisiana, in the river Missis
sippi. Lon. 91. 15. W. Lat. 30. 20. N.
Ibeit, t. Africa, capital of a district, in Kordo-
fan ; 140 W. Sennaar. Lon. 31. E. Lat. 13.20. N.
Iber, r. Spain, in Estremadura, which runs
into the Tagus, near Talavera la Vieja.
Toeri, or Caracaras, lake, Paraguay, east of
Parana after it is joined by foe Uraguay, and
between their united streams and the Uraguay.
Lat. 28. and 29. deg. S. It is nearly 200 miles
long, and 40 wide, of very irregular figure.
Iberia, an ancient name of Spain.
Iberia, now Imirelta, and Georgia.
Iberia, (New,) p-t. Attekapas district, Louisi
ana, in foe parish of St Martin's,on the Tqehe 5

7,300

ICA
about 65 W. Donaldsville, 170 W. New Orleans,
W. 1,429.
Iberian Mountains, the most extensive moun
tain chain in Spain, beginning in the north of
the kingdom to the west of the Ebro, and ex
tending to the shores of the Mediterranean.
The following are some -of the principal sum
mits: Feet.
Cabeco de Maria, in the Sierra de Al- )
carraz, the highest summit )
Sierra Espadan .... . . 4,160
Casueleda  3,300
Penaglosa  2,770
Iberus, now Ebro.
Ibeti, X. Turk. Armenia ; 33 SSW. Akalzike.
Ibgarten, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 4 N. Schleusingen.
Ibi, X. Spain, in Valencia; 7 NNW. Xixona,
60 N. by W. Valencia. Pop. 3,200.
Ibitupoca, X. Brazil, in Minas Geracs ; 32 S.
Villa Rica.
Ibnen See, lake, Swabia ; 4 NNE. Heiligen
berg. Iboipitinhi, r. Brazil, which runs into foe At
lantic, Lat. 30. 8. S.
Ibopduba, small isl. in the Atlantic near foe
coast of Brazil. Lat. 25. 33. S.
n>os, X. France, in Higher-Pyrennees ; 3 W.
Tarbes. Pop. 1,500.
Ibrahim, mt. Arabia, Yemen ; 40 S. Chamir.
Ibrahim Bassa, r. Syria, anciently Adonis,
which runs into the Mediterranean, about 5 S.
Gibelet Rbralvim Lik, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ;
80 N. Bagdad.
Ibrail, or Ibraeli, see Brahilow.
Ibraim, t. Hungary ; 14 NNE. Nanas.
Rrraim, r. Persia, which runs into the Persian
gulf, 6 SW. Mina.
/Aras, t. Lithuania, in Brzesc ; 40 SW. Pinsk.
Ibrigi, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 16 NNW.
Gallipoli. Ibrim, (an. Premis,) X. Africa, in N. part of
Nubia, subject to the Turks; 120 S. Syene.
Lon. 32. 40. E. Lat. 22. N.
Ibris, small isl. Scot., in the Frith of Forth ;
3 NW. North Berwick. Lon. 2. 51. W. Lat. 56.
5. N.
Iburah, (an Cibyra,) X. A. Turkey, in Cara
mania ; 16 N. Alanieh.
Iburg, X. Han., in Osnabruck, with a citadel ;
10 S. Osnabruck.
Ibyrieski, X. Lithuania; 32 E. Koniecpole.
lea, or Putamayo, r. New Grenada, which
rises in the district of Ibarra and after a course

ICE

774

IDO

of 300 leagues, flows into the Amazon, east of
the Napo.
Iga, or Fco, or Valverde, X. Peru, in Lima,
and one of the three towns which gives name
to a province called Iga Pisco and JVosca ; 140
SSE. Lima. Lon. 75. 28. W. Lat. 13. 50. S.
Pop. 6,000. It is situated in a valley, and wa
tered by a river which in the summer would be
dry but from the industry of the inhabitants,
who have turned several streams into its bed.
The principal commerce of foe place consists
in glass, wine, brandy, fac.
Iga Pisco and Nasca, (Jurisdiction of) pr.
Peru, in Lima, so called from the three princi
pal towns. It comprehends about 140 m. along
the coast of the Pacific ocean, intersected with
sandy deserts. Olives and vines are cultivated;
and both the oil and the wine are esteemed ex
cellent, and sent into the other provinces.
/carta, see Nicaria.
Iccumbe, v. Eng., in a part of the county of
Worcester, which is surrounded on all sides by
the county of Gloucester; 2 SE. Stow in the
Wold. Pop. 112. Here is a chalybeate spring.
Iceland, isl. in the North sea, belonging to
Denmark, about 280 miles from E. to. W, and
240 from N. to S. Lon. 10. to 25. W. Lat. 63.
15. to 67. 15. N. Sq. m. about 40,000. Pop. in
1808, 48,063. The religion is Lutheran, with
one bishop, whose residence is at Reikiavik,
the capital : 184 parishes. There are more
than 300 churches. Iceland properly consists
of a prodigious range of mountains, running
from E. to W. ; on the declivities of which, and
in the valleys lying between them, the inhabi
tants live. Several of these high mountains,
-which are always covered with ice and snow,
are called Jochekr. Sncefiel is esteemed the
highest, being computed at 6,860 feet, but the
volcano Hecla is the most noted. Here are
also some mountains that consist only of rocks
and sand, which are consequently barren. But
on other mountains, situated near the coast,
there are levels or plains, covered with ver
dure, of several miles in extent, which produce
fine grass. There are no towns, properly so
called ; however, the houses of the Iceland
Company, at the 22 ports or harbours, and of
which there are 3 or 4 at each harbour, are
dignified with the appellation of towns, though
they are only trading places. Iceland, accord
ing to the general division, consists of 4 quar
ters, which derive their names from the 4 car
dinal points towards which they lie. This
division is caused by so many ridges of moun
tains that separate the quarters from each other.
The climate is severe ; the soil barren, stony,
and rarely susceptible of cultivation ; no corn
is raised ; no woods are seen, except a few
birch trees, seldom more than 5 or 6 feet high ;
grass and a few hardy shrubs are almost the
only natural productions. There are tolerable
pastures, and potatoes have been introduced
with some success. — The hot springs of Iceland,
called Geysers, are a great phenomenon. They
are of all temperatures, from moderate warmth
to boiling point. They are situated on the west
side ofthe island, 16 N. Skalholt They throw
jets into the air of boiling water, varying in
height according to the season and tempera

ture, commonly from 90 to 100, but somtimes
more than 200 feet high. The propelling force
is so great that heavy stones thrown into the
opening, are instantly ejected to a great height.
In the northeast part, near My Vatr, are 3 hot
springs almost equal to the Geysers ; also a
sulphur mountain, on which are vast beds of
sulphur. — The inhabitants subsist mostly on
fish ; their manners are exceedingly simple ;
their language Gothic ; they are attentive to
education and accustomed to read ; they are
grave and generally religious, and show a strong
attachment to their native countiy. A liber
al supply of bibles was sent to Iceland from
Britain, in 1815, which were received by the
poor natives with great thankfulness. — Their
principal school is held at Bessestadt near the
west coast.
Iche, X. France, Vosges ; 3 SSE. La Marche,
4 NNW. Chatillon sur Saone.
Ichenhausen, X. Bav. on the Gunz ; 6 S. Gunz,-
burg. Pop. 1,400.
Ichna-lown, an Indian v. Cataraugus co. N.
Y. on the Alleghany, at the mouth of Ichna
creek. Icholzheim, X. Bavaria; 7 SSE. Aichstatt.
Ichtershausen, X. Ger., in Gotha ; 12 ESE.
Gotha Pop. 700.
Icioni, now Chesterford.
Ickelsheim, X. Bavaria, in Rezat.
Icker, see Jecker.
Icoa, t. Africa, on the Danda ; 100 miles from
its mouth.
I-colm-kill, or I-columb-kill, see Iona.
Iconium, capital of Lycaonia ; now Konieh.
Icononzo, a singular pass in the outlets of S,
A. from Popayan to Santa Fe.
Icosium, see Algiers.
Icunada de Barragon, t. Buenos Ayres, S. A.
on the La Plata ; 24 E. Buenos Ayres.
Icus, see Scangero.
Icy Bay, bay on W. coast of N. America, W.
Cape Riou. Lon. 219. 3. E. Lat. 59. 58. N.
Ida, mountain range, in Candia, so high as
to be covered with snow, the greater part of the
year ; now called Psilorili and Monte Giove.
Ida, ridge of mountains in Toas,'NW. part of
Natolia. It is famous in ancient fable for the
judgment of Paris. See Gargarus.
Idalium, now Dale.
Idanha a Nova, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 4 SW.
Idanha a Vaiha. H. 542.
Idanha a Velha, (an. Ingmdila,) X. Portugal,
in Beira, near the Spanish Estramadura ; 18 E.
Castel Branco, 22 SSW. Alfayates. Lon. 6. 48.
W. Lat. 39. 50. N.
Ideje, X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 50 E. Suster.
Idersalmi, t. Finland ; 120 N. Nyslop.
Idi, t. Turkish Armenia ; 50 W. Kars.
Idle, X. Eng., in the West Riding of York
shire ; 2 NE. Bradford. Pop. 3,882.
Idle, r. Eng., which rises near Mansfield, in
Nottinghamshire and joins the Trent a few
miles before its conflux with the Ouse.
Idola, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 15. 10.
E. Lat. 44. 25. N.
Idolka, t. Rus. Wilna ; 20 SW. Troki.
Idolsberg, v. Austria ; 10 NW. Crems.
Idols, (Islands of) cluster of small islands, in
the Atlantic, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 8.
50. N.

IGL

775

IKA

Idomeni, X. Macedonia ; 26 NNE. Edessa.
Idra, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 15. 28.
E. Lat. 44. 6. N.
Idre, X. Sweden, Dalecarlia ; 120 NW. Fahlun.
Idria, see Hydria.
Idro, lake, Italy, formed by an extension of
foe river Chiesa ; 16 N. Brescia.
Idro, X. Italy, on a lake ; 16 NNE. Brescia.
Idstein, X. Nassau, capital of a district ; 12 N.
Mentz, 22 SW. Wetzlar. Lon. 8. 12. E. Lat. 50.
12. N. Pop. 2,000. It is the residence of the
duke of Nassau, and has a gymnasium, and
some manufactures of leather, stockings, and
woollen stuffs.
Idsu, pr. Japan, on S. coast of Niphon.
Idsume, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 140 WNW.
Meaco. Lon. 131. 50. E. Lat. 34. 95. N.
Idumma, or Edom, ancient country, Asia. It
had Judea N., the Dead sea E., and Arabia S.
It was inhabited by the descendants of Esau.
If, small isl. in the Mditerranean, near the
coast of France, the most easterly of three, at
the entrance of the port of Marseilles ; 3 SW.
Marseilles. It has a strong castle, which serves
as a protection of the harbour of Marseilles.
Ifda, X. Weimar, in Eisenach. Pop. 771.
Iffehan, X. Persian Armenia; 138 ENE. Eri
van. Iffendic, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine; 3 W.
Montfort, 7 ESE. St. Meen.
Iffros, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 12 ESE. Taas.
Iftamabal, t. Bengal ; 124 SSE. Dacca.
Ifordshick, or Krotzka, X. Servia ; 8 W. Se-
mendria, 14 SE. Belgrade.
Ifran, Ifren, or Ufaram, X. fa district, Africa,
near the Atlantic, belonging to Morocco ; 40
SW. Non.
Ifver Kylee, X. Finland ; 26 NNE. Jamsio.
Iga, s-p. Japan, in Niphon, in the bay of
Owari; 85 SE. Meaco. Lon. 138. E. Lat. 35.
10. N.
Igaripe, r. Brazil, which runs into the Para
guay. Igat, small island in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
130. 35. E. Lat. 7. 11. S.
Igeialin, small isl. in the strait between Rus
sia and America. Lon. 189. 36. E. Lat. 65. 40. N.
Igel, or Aigle, v. Pru. Treves ; 6 SW. Treves.
Igg, X. Aust, Lower Carinthia, on foe river
Igg ; 6 S. by W. Laybach.
Iggensen, X. Pru, Minden; 6 SE. Paderborn.
Iggon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 7. E. Lat. 60. 43. N.
Igalsha, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
near W. coast of Mainland. Lon. 1. 48. W.
Lat. 60. 57. N.
Igien, (an. Oescus,) t. Bulgaria, at the mouth
of the Esker.
Igilgili, now Jijol.
Igilium, now Giglio.
Iglau, X. Moravia, and capital of a circle of
the same name ; 62 SE. Prague, 122 SE. Dres
den. Lon. 15. 36. E. Lat. 49. 24. N. Pop. 10,948.
The town is well built, fortified, and populous ;
it contains 1,196 houses, 2 convents, 6 parish
churches, 2 hospitals, and a gymnasium ; some
good cloth'is manufactured in the town, which
is sent into Italy, by Trieste ; the commerce in
corn and hemp is considerable. The circle con
tains 150,448 inhabitants,, 23,1 18 H., 1 ,072 sq. m.

Iglau, r. Moravia, which runs into foe Teya,
near Muschau.
Iglesias, see Villa d' Iglesias.
Iglo, or Neudorf X. Hungary, in Zips, on the
Hernath ; 30 NW. Cassovia. Lon. 20. 35. E.
Lat. 48. 66. N. Pop. 5,252. Catholic chur-ches-
2, Lutheran 1. It has a trade in linen, and
mines of copper, iron, and marble.
Iglor soit, X. East Greenland. Lon. 46. 10. W.
Lat. 61. 25. N.
Ignatvskoe, X. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav ; 40 S.
Bachmut Igny, X. France, in Marne ; 5 S. Fismes.
Igrande,X. France, in Allier; 6 S. Cerilly.
Pop. 1,611.
Igrani, X. Dalmatia ; 44 ESE. Mostar.
Igridi, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania, on a large
lake. Iguala, X, Mexico, capital of a district, at the
bottom of a deep defile ; 105 SE. Mexico. Pop.'
90 families of Mexican Indians.
Igualada, X. Spain, Catalonia, on the Noya ;
20 ESE. Cervera, 34 WNW. Barcelona. Pop.
12,000. It has manufactures of calicoes and
fire arms.
Igualapa, X. Mexico, capital of a district, on a
river 6 miles from the sea ; 170 SSE. Mexico.
Pop. 560 families.
Igualeja, X. Spain, Grenada ; 3 SE. Ronda.
Iguaragu, X. Brazil, in Paraiba, on a rivulet, 6
miles from the sea. Pop. 800. It contains sev
eral churches, the streets are paved ; but the
town is in a state of decay.
Iguay, r. S. America, which rises in Para
guay, and crossing Brazil, runs into the Atlan
tic, forming a large estuary at its mouth, where
it is called Rio Grande. Lat. 31. 54. S.
Iguape, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 38. 56. W. Lat. 3. 35. S.
Iguen, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 10. 20. S.
Iguidi, X. fa district, Africa, in Sahara ; the
country is otherwise called Lempla
Iguinas, small island, in the bay of Panama.
Lon. 81. 8. W. Lat. 7. 40. N.
Iguira, X. Africa, on the Gold Coast, in Soko,
near which is dug very fine gold.
Iguitpo, X. Brazil, in St Paul.
Igunskoi, X. Russia, near E. extremity of foe
continent of Asia. Lon. 188. 34. E. Lat. 65.45.N.
Iguvium, now Gubbio.
Rile, r. Brandenburg, which, by the addition
of an artificial canal, forms a communication-
between the Havel, 9 W. Brandenburg, and the-
Elbe. Ihna, r. which rises from a lake in Branden
burg, passes by Stargard, Golnow, fac. and runs
into the Dammisch See or Oder, 9 miles below
Damme. Ilioldy, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees; 16
NW. Mauleon. Pop. 1,000.
Ija, r. Russia, which runs into the Oka, near
Archangelskoi. Ijo, t. Japan, in Xicoco. Lon. 134. 10. E.
Lat. 34. N.
Ik, r. Russia, which runs into the Kama.
Ik, r. Russia, which runs into the Sakkara.
Ikalis, X. Finland; 40 ENE. Biorneborg.
Ikarunga, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 75 N. Meaco.
Lon. 136. E. Lat. 36. 16. N.

ILE

776

ILI

Ikazani, X. Rus. Wilna ; 4 SE. Wilna.
Ikder, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 30 S. Satalia.
Ikeikani, X. Natolia ; 65 E. Constantinople.
Ikenda, t. Japan, Niphon; 140 WNW. Jedo.
Ikervar, X. Hungary, in Eisenburg ; 50 SW.
Raab. Iklera, t. Hind., in KatchWara ; 34 ENE. Sau-
rungpour. Ikmas, X. Egypt; 10 SW. Menuf.
Ikolla, pr. Africa, in Angola, E. of Loanda.
Ikon, X. Africa, on the Gold Coast, where the
Dutch have a factory.
Iktiman, X. Bulgaria; 25 ESE. Sofia.
Ikua, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 24 SSW. Taisero,
50 NNE. Nangasaki.
Ha, or Hay, one of the Western islands of
Scotland, in the North sea, about 18 miles from
foe north coast of Ireland, 12 from the coast of
Argyle county in Scotland. The form is irreg
ular, perhaps not very unlike a horse-shoe, with
the toe part pointed, being hollowed towards
the S. by a large bay called Loch Indaal. The
circ about 50 miles. It is separated from Jura
by a narrow strait, to which it gives the name
of sound. The air is not esteemed equally
healthy with Jura. Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat. 55. 50.
N. Pop. 11,500.
Ha Sound, narrow strait between the islands
of Jura and Ua, the navigation of which is dan
gerous, from the rapidity of the tides, sudden
squalls, and foul ground.
Ilaantrerach, small island, near W. coast of
Scotland, a little E. of Oronsa.
Ilaanroan, small island, near W. coast of
Scotland, a little S. of Oronsa.
Ilaburga, X. Bengal ; 5 E. Kishenagur.
Ilaca Kiamen, post, Chinese Tartary ; 15 S.
Merguen. Hak, or Jalak, t. Nubia, on the Nile, suppos
ed by some to be the ancient Meroe. Lon. 34.
10- E. Lat. 17. 48. N.
Ilak, r. Turkestan, which runs into the Sirr,
at Toncat.
Bamba, or Eluani, pr. Africa, Angola. There
are two provinces of this name, distinguished
by the name of the Upper, which is the more
inland, and the Lower, near the Atlantic. They
are both fertile, and bring in a considerable
revenue to the crown of Portugal.
Ilanmore, small island in Clew bay, on W.
coast of Ireland.
Ilanmore, small island of Scotland, about half
a mite N. from foe isle of Coll.
Ilantz, X. Switz., Grisons, cap. of the Grise
League, near the Rhine ; 20 SW. Coire,40 SE.
Lucerne. Lon. 9. 18. E. Lat. 46. 40. N. H. 20.
Ilantzinskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 10 NNW.
Verchnei Udinsk.
Ilat, small isl. on E. coast of the island of
Bouro. Lon. 127. 33. E. Lat. 3. 35. S.
Ilberg, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 6 NW.
Carlstadt. Ilchcster, see Ivelchesler.
Ildinskoi, cape, Russia, in the Pacific ocean,
near N. part of Kamtschatka. Lon. 164. 14. E.
Lat. 59. 15. N.
lie, r. Eng., in the county of Somerset, which
runs into the I'arret, 1 S. Langport
Re, (L',) see Isle, fac.
Ikfeld, or llfchl, t. flan,, in Gottingen, for

merly in Hohenstein ; 6 N. Nordhausen, 8
WNW. Stolberg, 40 E. by N. Gottingen. Pop.
614. Here is a psedagogium or high school,
formerly a rich monastery, now one pf the
most celebrated schools in the north of Ger
many. Ileharre, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees, near
Mauleon. Ilek, r. Russia, which runs into the Ural, at
fort Iletzkaia.
lien, r. Wales, in the county of Pembroke,
which runs into the sea, a little lo the S. of St.
David's. Ileray, one of foe smaller Western islands of
Scotland, near N. coast of Benbecula. Lon. 7.
25. W. Lat. 57. 30. N.
Ilerda, now Lerida.
Ilet, r. Russia, which" runs into the Volga, 40
NW. Kazan.
Ileterton, X. Thibet ; 30 SW. Cha-tcheou.
Iletzkaia, fort, A. Russia, in Upha, on S. side
of the Ural ; 72 W. Orenburg.
Iletzkaiazatschita, fort, Russia, on the river
Ilek, in Upha ; 40 S. Orenburg.
Ilford, (Great,) v. Eng., in Essex, on the
river Roding; 6| NE. London. Pop. 2,462.
Ilfracombe, s-p. Eng., in the British channel,
on N. coast of Devonshire ; 44 W. Bridgewater,
181 W. London. Lon. 3. 10. W. Lat. 51. 11. N.
Pop. 1,934. It has a convenient and safe har
bour, whither vessels frequently strive to enter
for shelter, when not able to make the Taw,
for Barnstable. Lights are kept here burning
for the direction of mariners. The market is
on Saturday.
J7ga, r. Russia, which runs into the Lena, at
Ilginskaia. Ilginskaia, X. Russia, in Irkutsk, at the con
flux of the Uga and Lena ; 52 S. Orlenga.
Ilginskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Ilga ;
76 NE. Balaganskoi, 140 N. Irkutsk. Lon. 105.
14. E. Lat. 54. 30. N.
Ilgun, (an. Philomelium,) X. A. Turkey, in
Caramania ; 8 E. Akshehr.
Ilha Grande, isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Brazil, about 15 miles long, and 3
broad. Lat. 23. 15. S.
Ilhavo, X. Portugal, in Beira; 4 S. Braganca
Nova, 24 NNW. Coimbra. Pop. 4,168.
Ilheo, small isl. in the Atlantic, near foe coast
of Africa. Lat. 23. 30. S.
Ilheos, s-p. Brazil, and capital of a district,
called Rio dos Ilheos, situated at the mouth of a
river called by the same name ; 93 N. Porto
Seguro. Lon. 39. 42. W. Lat. 14. 34. S. It is
situated on a beautiful bay, and has a good cli
mate, though rather hot. It contains a convent,
about 200 Portuguese families, and has some
trade. — The district is very fertile and well wa
tered, and produces cotton and sugar.
Ilheos, or Rio dos Ilheos, r. S. America, in
Brazil, which runs in the Atlantic, at Ilheos.
Hi, r. Tartary, which runs into lake Falcati,
20 NW. Harcas.
Iliahad, t. Hind., Carnatic ; 4 SW. Arnee.
Iliacour, X. Hind., Nayrs ; 20 NE. Tellichery.
Ilici, (Gulf of) now Bay of Alieant.
Ilicis, now Elche.
Iligatangan, one of the small Philippine isl
ands, NW. ofLeyta. Lon. 124. E. Lat.ll.24.N

ILL

777"

ILL

tligno Bay, bay on SW. coast of Mindanao.
Lon. 20. E. Lat. 7. 30. N.
Ilija, (an. Elegia,) X. Turkish Armenia ; 9
NW. Erzerum.
Ilija, (an. Elegia,) X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir,
on the Euphrates ; 60 W. Diarbekir.
Him, r. Russia, which rises in Lat. 54. 20. and
runs into the Angara, near Samakina, Lon. 102.
2. E. Lat. 57. 25. N.
Ilimsk, X. fa fortress, Russia, on foe Ilim, in
Irkutsk ; 152 N. Irkutsk. Lon. 103. 56. E. Lat.
56.30. N. Pop. 1,062. In the environs are found
the most beautiful black sables.
ninissa, mt. Quito, a peak of the western
chain of the equatorial Andes, and one of the
most majestic and picturesque summits to be
seen from the city of Quito. It is 17,238 feet
above the sea, divided into two pyramidal
points, and is in the parallel of Catopaxi.
Ilinska, X. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena ; 56
NE. Kirensk.
Ilinskaia, fortress, Russia, on the river Ural ;
84 ESE. Orenburg.
Ilinskoi, X. Russia, Tobolsk ; 8 N. Atchinsk.
Hinskoi, X. Russia, in Tver ; 32 ENE. Tver.
Hinskoi, X. Russia, in Olonetz ; 8 N. Olgskoi.
Ilinskoi, X. Russia, in Novgorod, on the river
Sula, opposite to Tcherepovetz.
nion, X. Thibet ; 25 WNW. Hara-toube.
Ilipa, now Zalamta de la Serena.
Ilipula, now Niebla.
His, X. S. A. in Popayan ; 20 S. Pasto.
Ilissus, rivulet, Livadia, which passes by Ath
ens, and flows into the gulf of Engia.
Ilkirch, X. France, Lower Rhine ; 4 S. Stras
burg. Pop. 1,567.
Ilkusch, see Olkusch.
Ill, (L',) r. France, which rises in dep. of
Upper Rhine, near Fcrette, passes by Muhlhau-
sen, Enfisheim, Schlettstat, fac. and runs into
the Rhine,, near Strasburg. It is navigable for
boats from Schlettstat.
Ill, r. Ger., which passes by Pludentz and
Feldkirch, and empties itself into the Rhine,
NW. of Feldkirch.
Illahabad, X. Hind., Mahur ; 35 N. Neermul.
Illambazar, X. Bengal ; 25 SSE. Nagore.
Illation, X. Egypt ; 12 SE. Fayoum.
Illawa, or Hlau, X. Hungary, in Trentschin,
on the Waag; .11 NW. Trentschin. Pop. 1,800.
Ilk, X. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, on the
Teck ; 10 ENE. Prades, 12 W. Perpignan. Pop.
1,984. r
Ilk, r. France, which rises near Dinge, in
Ille-and-Vilaine, and joins the Vilaine, near
Rennes. Ille-and-Vilaine, dep. France, bounded N. by
the English channel and dep. of Channel, E. by
Mayenne, S. by Lower Loire, and W. by Mor-
bihan and North Coasts; about 60 miles in
length from N. to S., and from 20 to 48 in
breadth, from E. to W. It takes its name from
2 rivers, the Hie and the Vilaine, which unite
together at Rennes. It is divided into 6 arron-
dissements, Rennes, foe capital, St. Malo, Fou
geres, Vitre, Redon, and Montfort. Sq. m. 2,720.
Pop. 508,344.
nieburg, x. Bav. ; 9 S. by E. Ulm. Pop. 900.
Illenas, (Las,) t. St. Domingo ; 7 N. St. Do
mingo. Vol. I. 98

Iller, r. Bavaria, which passes by Kempten,
Memingen, fac1 and joins the Danube, about 2
mites above Ulm.
Ilkraichheim, X. Bav., district of Ulertisseri,
on the lller. Pop. 1,000.
Ilkscas, X. Spain, New Castile, situated about
midway in the road from Toledo to ftladrld ;
15 SSW. Madrid, 15 NNE. Toledo. Pop. 5,684.
It contains 2 parishes and 3 convents.
Illertissen, X. Bav., Upper Danube, capital of
a district, on the Iller ; 12 S. Ulm. Pop. 1,096.
Ilktrema, or Somberle, t. Mexico, in New Bis
cay ; 48 leagues SE. Guadalaxara. Lat. 24. 10.
N. It contains nearly 500 families, once em
ployed in the mines, which in former times
caused, it to be a rich town, but the mines have
been mostly filled with water, and the town
has fallen to decay.
Illic, X. Thibet; 7 NW. Tocson-Hotun.
Illiers, X. France, in Eure-and-Loir ; 12 SW.
Chartres, 15 NNW. Chateaudun. Pop. 2,627.
Illimani, mt. S. A., near La Paz, supposed to
contain immense quantities of gold.
Illingen, X. Wurt; 17 NW. Stutgard. Pop.
1,100. ILLINOIS, one of the United States, admit
ted into the union 1818 ; bounded N. by the
NW. Territory, E. by Indiana, S. by the Ohio,
which separates it from Kentucky, and W. by
the Mississippi. Lon. 87. 17. to 91. 17. W. Lat
37. to 41. 55. N. ; 345 miles long, from N: to S.
and 210 from E. to W. Sq. m. 52,000. Pop. in
1810, 12,282; in 1818,35,220; in 1820, 55,211.
White males 29,401 ; white females 24,387.
Slaves 917. Persons engaged in agriculture
12,395; in manufactures 1,007; in commeroe
233.

T
Counties.

OLOGRAPHIC Pop.

At TABLE. Chief towns.

Alexander

622

America

Bond

2,931

Greenville

Clark

931

Aurora

Crawford

3,022

Palestine

Edwards

3,444

Albion

Fayette

Vandalia

Franklin

1,763

Frankfort

Gallatin

3,155

Shawn eetown

Green

Carrolton

Hamilton

Jackson
1,542
Brownsville
Jefferson
691
Fairfield
Johnson
843
Vienna
Madison
13,550
Edwardsville
Monroe
1,537
Harrisonville
Montgomery
Hamilton
Pike
Coles Grove
Pope
2,610
Golconda
Randolph
3,492
Kaskaskia
St. Clair
5,253
Belleville
Sangamon
Springfield
Union
2,362
Jonesborough
Washington
1,517
Covington
Wayne
1,114
White
4,828
Carmi
Total 55,211
Towns. The towns are all small. Vandalia
is the seat of government. Some of the other
most considerable towns are Edwardsville
Kaskaskia, and Shawneetown.
ILL

778

ILL

Government. The legislative power is vested
in a house of representatives, elected biennial
ly, not less than 27, nor more than 36 iri num
ber, till the population shall exceed 100,000 ;
and a senate, not less than one third nor more
than one half of the number of representatives.
The governor, lieutenant governor, and sena
tors are chosen for 4 years by the people. The
elections are held on the 1st Monday in August,
and the assembly meets on the 1st Monday in
December. Rivers. The Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash
form about two thirds of the whole boundary
of this state. The other most considerable riv
ers are the Illinois, Kaskaskia, Muddy, Saline,
Little Wabash, Michilimackinack, Crow Mead
ow, Rainy, Vermillion, Mine, Spoon, Rocky,
and Sangamon.
Military lands. The peninsula between the
Mississippi and Illinois rivers, has been survey
ed as military bounty lands. Congress appro
priated for this object 3,500,000 acres ; and the
surface actually surveyed amounts to an area
about equal to 240 townships, each 6 miles
square ; equal to 8,640 square m., or 5,530,000
acres, nearly. It was necessary that the num
ber surveyed should exceed the number appro
priated, as the act of congress provides that the
several portions granted, shall be fit for cultiva
tion. These lands are described as beiug very
good. Face ofthe country. The southern and mid
dle parts of the state are generally level.
The banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in
some places, present a sublime and picturesque
scenery. Several of their tributary streams have
excavated for themselves deep and frightful
gulfs, particularly those of the Kaskaskia, whose
banks near the junction of Big Hill creek, pre
sent a perpendicular front of solid limestone
140 feet high. The northwestern part of the
territory is a hilly, broken country, though
there are no high mountains. The climate re
sembles that of Indiana and Ohio. The low and
wet lands in the southern part are unhealthy.
Soil. The soil has been divided into 6 dis
tinct kinds. 1. Bottom land, bearing a heavy
growth of honey locust, pecan, black-walnut,
beach, sugar maple, buckeye, pawpaw, grape
vines, fac This land is of the first quality, and
is found in greater or less quantities on all the
considerable rivers. It is of inexhaustible fer
tility, and is annually cultivated without ma
nure. 2. Newly formed land, found at the
mouths and confluences of rivers. It produces
sycamore, cotton wood, water maple, water
ash, elm, willow, oak, fac. There are many
thousand acres of this iand at the mouth ofthe
Wabash, and at the confluence of the Ohio with
the Mississippi. It is annually inundated, and
is unhealthy. 3. Dry prairies, approachirig the
rivers and bordering on the bottom land, from
30 to 100 feet higher, and from 1 to 10 miles
wide. These prairies are destitute of treesj ex
cept where they are intersected by streams of
water and occasional tracts of woodland. It
has been estimated that as much as two thirds
of the whole territory consists of open prairie.
The dry prairie'has a black rich soil, well
adapted to purposes of agriculture, and is cov

ered with rank grass. 4. Wet prairie, found
remote from streams, or at their spurces. This
is generally cold and unproductive, abounding
with swamps and ponds, covered with tall
coarse grass. 5. Land covered with timber,
moderately hilly, well Watered, and of a r icli
soil. 6. Hills of a sterile soil apd destitute of
timber, or covered with stinted oaks and pines.
Forest trees. The prevailing forest tree fo
Illinois is qak, of which as many as 13 or 14
different species have been enumerated. Honey
locust, black-walnut, mulberry, plum, sugar ma
ple, black locust, elm, bass wood, beach, buck
eye, hackberry, coffee nut, sycamore, spice
wood, sassafras, black and white haws, crab-
apple, wild cherry, cucumber, and pawpaw, are
foupd in their congenial soils throughoutthe
territory. White pine is found on the heac|
branches of the Illinois.
Minerals. Copper and lead are found in sev
eral parts. Coal has been discovered in sev
eral places, on foe Big Muddy in great quanti
ties riear Brownsville, on the Kaskaskia near
the town of foat name, near the town of Ed
wardsville, on the Illinois, 50 miles above
Illinois lake, and in other places. Salt water
is found in several places sufficient to furnish
immense quantities of salt. The famous salt
works belonging to the U. S. are in the vicinity
of Shawneetown. See Sdline. Iron ore bas
also been discovered.
Productions. The productions are corn in
abundant crops, tobacco, flax, hemp, oats, po
tatoes, and some cotton in the southern parts.
Wheat does well when properly managed, ex
cept on the bottoms, where the soil is too rich.
Illinois, r. Illinois, formed by the junction of
the Tbeakiki. and Plein, in the northwest part
of Indiana, iri Lat. 41. 48. N. It passes into Illi
nois, pursues generally a southwesterly direc
tion, and flows into the Mississippi, 21 miles
above the Missouri. It is upwards of 400
yards wide at its mouth, and is about 400 miles
long from its junction to the Mississippi, and
is of easy navigation. It has a very gentle cur
rent, unbroken by falls or rapids, and passes
through a fine country. The Plein, its northern
head branch, interlocks with the Chicago,
which flows into lake Michigan. A canal has
been projected to unite the head waters of the
Illinois with lake Michigan, thus forming a
communication between the Mississippi and
the great lakes.
Illinois, or Pioria, lake, Illinois, about 20 m.
long, and 1£ wide. The river Illinois passes
through it 210 miles above its moufor It is deep
and transparent, and abounds in excellent fish.
The Indians inhabiting the neighbouring coun
try are called the Illinois Indians. Lon. 89. 18.
W. Lat, 40. 35. N.
Illilurgis^ and Ill-urgis, now Andujar.
Illoammt, X. East Greenland. Lon. 43. W.
Lat 60. N.
lllok, (an. Bononia,) t. Sclavonia, on the
Danube ; 16 W. Peter- Waradiri, 48 WNW. Bel
grade. Lon. IS. 8. E. Lat 45. 23. N.
Illora, X. Spain, in Grenada; 16 N. Loja.
Illownika, r. Silesia^ in Teschin, which runs
into the Vistula, 5 E.BilitZ.
HlUro, how-Maiaro. '

ILM

77&

1LZ

Illuxta, X, Courland ; 32 SE. Seelburg.
Iltye, t. Transylvania, on the Maros'ch ; 42
WSW. Alba Julia, 86 W. Hermanstadt.
, Iliyria, Illyris, or Hlyricum, ancient countiy,
Europe, lying along the east shore of the Adri
atic, the extent of which varied considerably in
different ages. The Greeks gave the name of
Iliyria to the whole country lying between the
Adriatic and Danube. With the Romans it was
more restricted ; as also in the middle ages,
yet of considerable extent, comprehending the
provinces of Dalmatia, Croatia, Sclavoriii, Bos
nia, and Servia.
Iliyria, (Austrian,) country, with the title of a
kingdom, belonging to Austria, comprehending
the southern part of ancient Iliyria ; including
Istria, Carniola, Caririthia', Austrian Friuli, Go
ritz, a part of Croatia, and several islands in
the gulf of Quarnero. It is bounded by Tyrol,
Stiria, Croatia, foe Adriatic, and the govern
ment of Venice. Lon. 13. 14. to 16. E. Lat. 44.
30. to 46. 25. N. It is divided into 2 govern
ments, Trieste and Laybach, which are subdi
vided into 9 circles, which are named from
their chief towns, Circles. Sq. m. Pop.
{Trieste  1,444  175,935
Carlstadt  1,278  108,205
Goritz  974  115,442-
Fiume  1,320  131,484

Gov.

Trieste.

5,012 531,066
f Laybach  1,425  134,088
Neustadt  1,646  166,527
Adelsberg  1,458  104,200
Clagenfurt  1,875  162,759
Villach  2,175  137,337

8,599 689,911
Total of Iliyria  13,591 1,220,977
The chief rivers are the Drave, Save, Lay
bach, and Isonzo. The countiy is mostly hilly
or mountainous, with some fertile valleys. The
mountains are generally covered with forests,
and there are besides some barren tracts. The
country produces vines, olives, flax, silk, great
quantities of timber, and is rich in minerals, as
quicksilver, cinibar, calamine, vitriol, alum, salt
petre, and coal. Trieste and Fiume are the
principal commercial town6.
Urn, r. Ger., which rises* a little W. of Ilme
nau, in Henneberg, and runs into the Saale, 7
miles above Naumburg, in Upper Saxony.
Ilm, c. Bavaria, which passes by Pfaffenho-
ven, and runs into the Danube, near Vohburg.
Ilm, or Sladt-Hm, X. Ger., Schwartzburg Ru-
dolstadt, on the Ilm ; 12 SSW. Rudplstadt, 14 S.
Erfurt. Lon. 11. 9. E. Lat. 50. 46.N. Pop. 1,500.
Hmaway, X. on W. coast of the island of Sa-
aar. Lon. 124. 50. E. Lat. 11. 39. N.
Ilmbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Saale, 6
miles above Saalfeld.
lime, r. Westphalia, which runs into the
Leine, 2 SE. Einbeck, in Grubenhagen.
Ilmen, r. Russia, in Novgorod, about 48 miles
long, and from 12 to 18 wide. Novgorod is sit
uated near it.
Ilmen, or Elme, r. which runs into the Alle,
near Allenburg, iri Prussia.
Hmen Kiamen, post, Chinese Tartary. Lon.
125. 40. E. Lat 43. 40. N.

Ilmenau, or Elmenau, r. which rises about 10
S. Oldenstadt, in the principality of Luneburg
Zelle, passes by Oldenstadt, Luneburg, fac and
runs into the Elbe, 12 SE. Ha'mburg.
Ilmenau, t. Weimar, in pr. of Weimar, on the
Elbe ; 10 E. Smalkalden. Pop. 2;070. Near it
are some mines of silver and copper.
Ilment, r. Persia, in Mecran, which runs into
the sea, 2 W. Aruba.
Ilminsler, X. Eng., in Somerset, on foe river
Hie, \vith a weekly market on Saturday ; 12
SE. Taunton, 137 W. London. Lon. 2. 58. W.
Lat. 50. 53. N. Pop. 2,160.
Ilmstadt, or Stad-Ilm, ,t. Ger., in Schwarz-
burg-Rudolstadt ; 10 W.Rudolstadt Pop. 1,500.
Iloccos, pr. of the island of Lucon.
Ilorcis, now Lorca.
Ilori, X. Mingrelia, on the coast of the Black
sea; 14 SE. Isgaur. Lon. 40.42. E. Lat. 43. 8. N.
Ilbvla, r. Russia, which runs into the Don, at
Fort Donskaia.
lis, or Hlz, or lis, r. Bavaria, which rises on
the borders of Bohemia, and runs into the Dan
ube at Ilzstadt, opposite Passau.
Ilsbo, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 9 N. Hud-
wickswal. the, r. Westphalia, which runs into foe Oc
ker, 6 S. Wolfenbuttel.
Hsenburg, X. Pru. Magdeburg, Wernigerode,
on foe Isle; 4 W. Wernigerode. Pop. 1,589. It
has large iron founderies.
Ilsenstein, X. Pru., in Wernigerode ; 6 WNW.
Wernigerode. Ilsfeld, X. Wurt., district of Bessigheim. Pop.
1,419. Ilsley, or East Ilsley, X. Eng., in Berks, with a
weekly market on Wednesday ; 14 W. Read
ing, 53 W. London. Lon. 1. 12. W. Lat. 51.32;
N. Pop. 512.
Hsna, r. Poland, which runs into the Bog, 8
N. Brzesc.
list, or Ftst, t. Holland, in Friesland, defend
ed by a ditch filled with the waters of the river
Weymer; 5 SE. Bolswaert, 12 NE. Staveren.
Ilslorp, X. Sweden, in West Gothland; 27
SSE. Gotheborg.
Men, X. Han., in Luneburg ; 16 SSW. Zelle„
Pop. 484.
Illerib, X. Syria, in Aleppo ; 15 NW. Aleppo.
Hton, X. Eng., in N. Riding of Yorkshire, 2 m.
from Masham, 224 N. London. Pop. 224.
Hlz, see Its,
Hlz, i. Stiria, which rises NW. Bischofftorf^
and runs into the river Feistritz, 3 SSE. Kal-
storff. Ilizhofen, X. Wurt. ; 8 NE. Hall. Pop. 615.
Hva, now Elba.
Ilua, small isl. in the. Mediterranean, near N.
coast of Sardinia.
Huchdno, X. Russia, in Upha ; 32 SSE. Men-
zelinsk. Hwiltzkolsle, t. Sweden, in Skonen ; 10 Si
Christianstadt. Bye, X. Transylvania, on the river Maros; 32
SSW. Weisenburg.
Bza, X. Poland, in Sandomirz; 14 S. Radom.
Ilzstadt, see Passau.
Imabari,X. Japan, onN. coast of Xicoco. Lon.
134. 20. E. Lat. 34. 10. N.
Imaglin, small isl. in the straits between W,

IMO

780

INC

coast of America, and E. point of Russia. Lon.
189.44. E. Lat. 65. 40. N.
Imalgan, small isl. in the sea of Mindoro.
Lon. 121. 5. E. Lat. 10. 51. N.
Imam AH, see Meschid.
Imamzade, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 20 S. Da-
rabgherd. Imamzdde-Kasim, X. Persia, in Irak ; 30 SW.
Ghulpaigan. Imaus, or Imea, chain of mountains in Asia.
It is a continuation of Taurus. See Belur Tag-
ley, and Himmaleh.
Imba, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 70 E. Jedo.
Imbesl, X. Tyrol ; 8 SW. Stambs.
Imbra, Chrislos, t. Abyssinia; 145 SE. Gondar.
Imbro, (an. Imbros,) isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago, mountainous and woody, with plenty
of game ; it is about 20 miles in circ, and con
tains 5 villages, 2 of which are defended by
castles. Lon. 25.46. E. Lat. 40. 10. N. Pop. 1,000.
Imbsl, or Imst, or Ymsl, t. Tyrol, near the Inn ;
9 SE. Reutten. Pop. 2,200. Canary birds are
raised here for sale in various parts of Europe.
Imbster, see Emster.
Imendorf X. Bav. ; 3 E. Licbtenau.
Imgnael, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 56 NNE.
Romsdal. Imidsu, t Japan, in Niphon ; 130 NW. Jedo.
Imirelta, (a part of ancient Iberia,) country,
Asia, bounded N. by that part of Circassia pos
sessed by the Russians, and called the Govern
ment of Caucasus ; E. and SE. by Georgia, S.
by Turkish Armenia, and W. by Mingrelia;
about 80 miles from N. to S., and nearly as
much from E. to W. It has belonged to Rus
sia since 1784, though the internal government
is in a great measure independent The coun
tiy is poor and mountainous ; the inhabitants
are in general wanderers and vagabonds. There
are but few towns. Cotalis is the principal.
Imizimis, X. Morocco, on the Atlas mountains;
60 SW. Morocco.
Imliat, r. Russia, which runs into the Mijas,
8 SW. Imliatskaia.
Imliatskaia, X. Russia, in Upha, on the river
Imliat ; 60 ENE. Tcheliabinsk.
Imling, X. Austria ; 5 NW. Schwannastatt
Immendorf, X. Austria ; 8 N. Sonneberg.
Immenhausen, t. Hesse Cassel ; 8 NNW. Cas
sel, 16 NE. Naumburg. Lon. 9. 25. E. Lat. 5.
15. N. Pop. 1,239.
Immenstadt, X. Bav., in Upper Danube, on a
small river, which soon after joins the liter;
12 S. Kempten, 14 SE. Isny. Pop. 1,200.
Immer Island, one of the New Hebrides, in
the S. Pac ocean. Lon. 169. 46. E. Lat. 19. 16. S.
Imola, (an. Forum Comelii, or Forum Julii,)
X. Italy ; 18 SE. Bologna, 40 NNE. Florence.
Lon. 11. 32. E. Lat. 44. 22. N. Pop. 8,333. Bp.
see. It is situated on an island, formed by the
river Salerno, surrounded with walls, towers,
and ditches, and defended with a strong castle.
It contains 16 churches and 17 convents. — In
the beginning of February, 1797, a. battle was
fought in the neighbourhood between the Aus
trians and the French, in which the former
were defeated.
Imomnagur, X. Hind., Bahar ; 25 ESE. Bahar.
Jmori, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 16 S. Meaco.
Ifnoschi, fortress, Dalmatia, built on an emi

nence, on foe site of the ancient Navonium, It
is the chief place of a district to which it gives
name. Impach, X. Austria; 6 WNW. Crems.
Imperiale, X. Chili, on a river which runs into
the Pacific ocean ; 60 N. Valdivia. This town
is said to have been rich and flourishing, but
is now reduced to a miserable village.
Impey's Island, small isl. in the Mergui Archi
pelago. Lat. 10. 22. N.
Impira, X. S. A. in Cordova ; 90 S. Cordova.
Ina, X. Japan, Niphon ; 22 NW. Fanissima.
Inaccessible Island, small isl. in the S. Atlan
tic ocean, and one of those called the islands
of Tristan de Cunha. It seems to deserve the
name, being a high, bluff, and apparently a bar
ren plain, visible at the distance of 14 or 15
leagues. It is about 9 miles in circ, and has,
on the whole, a very forbidding appearance.
Lon. 12. 15. W. Lat. 37. 19. S.
Inachus, now Nacho.
lnacori, X. Hind., in Marawar ; 20 NNW. Ra-
manadporum. Inagna, or Yanagua, two islands of the West
Indies, near NW. coast of St. Domingo. Lon.
7 1 . 30. to 72. 50. W. Lat. 21 . 2. to 21 . 26. N
Inaka, t Japan, in Niphon ; 130 W. Meaco.
Inapour, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 15 SE. Merritch.
Inallendue, see Gower's Island.
Inbatzkoi Novimskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on
the Enisei; 124 S. Turuchansk. Lon. 89. 14. E.
Lat. 63. 40. N.
Inbatzkoi Verchnei, t. Russia, Tobolsk; 168
S. Turuchansk.
Inca, t. Majorca ; 17 ENE. Palma. Pop. 900.
Incarnacion, X. Paraguay ; 360 S. Assumption.
Incamacion, X. New Navarre ; 18 W. Casa
Grande. Incassan, mountainous district, Africa, on the
Gold coast; abounding in forests.
Ince, t. Eng., Lancashire ; 5 SW. Ormskirk.
Incenada de Barragon, X. S. A. It is situated
on W. bank ofthe Barragan, at its union with
foe La Plata; 21 W. Buenos Ayres. Vessels,
which draw more than 12 feet water, cannot
come up to this town. The houses are built
without regularity, and the inhabitants are, in
general, indolent and poor.
Inch, isl. Ireland, in Lough Swilly, about 5
mites in circ. ; 6 NW. Londonderry.
Inch, X. Scot,, in Wigton, which are some min
eral and sulphurous springs ; 3 E. Stranrawar.
Inch, X. Scot, in Aberdeenshire ; 10 NW. In
verary. Inch Callock, or The Island of Nuns, isl. Scot.,
in Loch Lomond, on which are the remains of
a conventual church.
Inch Colm, or Columba, (an. Amonia,) small
isl. Scot., in the Forth ; about IA m. from
Queensferry. Lon. 3. IS. W. Lat. 56. 3. N. On
it are the ruins of a celebrated abbey, founded
about 1 123, by Alexander I. After the battle of
Pinkney, or Musselburg, this monastery was
occupied as a post to command the Forth.
Inch Garvie, small isl. in the Forth, between
the coasts of the counties of Fife and Linlith
gow, fortified with cannon to defend the pas
sage of the river. It is opposite to Queensferry.
Inch Keith, small isl. Scot, in the Frith of
Forth ; 12 ESE. Dunfermline. Lon. 3. 9. W.
Lat. 56. 3. N.

IND

781

IND

Inch Kenneth, small isl. near W. coast of
Mull. Lon. 6. 10. W. Lat. 56. 29. N,
Inch Mamoch, small isl. near W. coast of the
Isle of Bute, where are the ruins of a chapel.
The extent of this little isle is about 1 mile ; it
has 120 acres of arable land, 40 of brush-wood,
near 300 of moor, with a strata of coral and
shells on W. side.
Inch Murrin, or The Island of St. Murrinus,
isl. Scot., in Loch Lomond, 2 miles long, and
converted into a deer park. On it are the re
mains of a mansion, belonging to the family of
Lenox. Inch Point, cape, Ireland, between Dingle bay
and Castlemain harbour, in Kerry; 13 E. Dingle.
Inchacolus, X. Bengal ; 15 NW. Silhet.
Inchenhofen, X. Bavaria ; 3 N. Aicha, 13 SE.
Rain. Pop. 615.
Inchin, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
foe coast of Chili. Lat. 45. 40. S.
Inchou, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen; 10 NE. Pan.
Inchture, X. Scot., in Perth, in the road be
tween Perth and Dundee; 9 E. Perth. Pop. 400.
Incisa, X. Piedmont, on the Belbo ; 8 N. Ac-
qui, 14 SE. Asti. Pop. 1,942.
Incoronata, (La,) X. Naples, in Capitanata;
16 N. Ascoli.
Inculisma, now Angouleme.
Incussu, X Congo ; 80 S. St. Salvador.
Indal, X. Sweden, in Medelpad, on a river of
the same name ; 14 WNW. Sundswal. Lon. 16.
23. E. Lat. 62. 34. N.
Indal, r. Sweden, which rises on the borders
of Norway, and runs into the gulf of Bothnia,
near Sundswal.
Indapour, see Indrapour.
Indea, X. Africa, in Yamina, on the river of
the same name.
Tndekireh, X. Prussia ; 5 W. Konigsberg.
Indelavoy, X. Hind., Golconda ; 40 S. Neermul,
75 N. Hydrabad. Lon. 78. 40. E. Lat. 18. 26. N.
Inden, X. Switz., inthe Valais; 18 E. Sion..
Inden Hotun, X. Chinese Tartary, the capital
of the Mantcheou Tartars, where they began
to establish their empire over China; 420 ENE.
Peking. Lon. 124. 36. E. Lat. 41. 46. N.
Independence, X. Alleghany co, N. Y., formed
from Alfred since 1820.
Independence, X. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 1,850.
Independence^. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 354.
Independence, X. Bond co. Illinois, on the
Kaskaskia, 2j miles below Perrysville, 36 E.
Edwardsville^ 60 NE. Kaskaskia.
Independence, co. Arkansas. Chief town,
Batesville. Indergeree, r. on NE. coast of Sumatra, which
runs into the sea, Lon. 103. 20.E. Lat. 0.33. S.
Indergur, t. Hind, Guzerat ; 15 E. Damaun.
Indermay Point, cape, on N. coast of Java.
Lon. 109. 4. E. Lat. 6. 12. S.
Indersee, t Austria ; 3 SW. Tauffkirchen.
Inderskaia, X. Russia, on the river Ural ; 72
N. Gurev.
Indersoul, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 12 E. Bah-
belgong. Inder Tauplitz, X. Stiria, on the Enns : 14 W.
Rottenman. Inderva, see Andarvia.
Indevillars, t. France, Doubs; 2 E. St. Hy-
polite, 6 SE. Blamont.

Indgeh, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 12 SW.
Kaisarieh. Indgeh Su, X. Natolia ; 40 SW. Angora.
India, a corruption of Hind, the name given
to that part of Asia, lying S. of Tartary, and,
between Persia and China, with the islands
dependent thereon. Besides Hindoostan, it
includes the Birman empire, the kingdoms
of Siam, Cochin-china, Tonquin, Tibet, Japan,
Ceylon, and a number of small principalities.
Hindoostan is sometimes called India within, or
on tAis side of the Ganges .- The Birman em
pire, Siam, fac. Farther India, or India with
out, or beyond the Ganges.
Indian Com Falls, cataract in the river St.
Mary, about20 miles from Lake Superior. Lon.
84. 25. W. Lat. 46. 22. N.
Indian Cove, harbour on E. coast of Indian
Island, in Dusky Bay.
Indian Creek, r. Virginia, which runs into the
Ohio, Lon. 80. 40. W. Lat. 40. 25. N.
Indian Creek, r. Va. which runs into the
Chesapeake, Lon 76. 27. W. Lat. 37. 43. N.
Indian Creek, creek on the island of Antigua,
a little W. of Standfast point.
Indian Island, small isl. near the coast of N. C.
at the mouth of Pamlico sound. Lon. 76. 50
W. Lat. 35. 23. N.
Indian Island, isl. on S. part of Dusky bay,
on the coast of New Zealand, about 4 miles in
circ; 4 N. Pickersgil harbour.
Indian Head, cape on E. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 123. 56. E. Lat. 25. 3. S.
Indian Mount, p-v. Stewart co. Ten. ; 123
Murfreesborough, W. 792.
Indian Old-town, see Old-town.
Indian River, t. N.H. one of the head branch
es of the Connecticut. Length, 40 m.
Indian River, r. Maine, in Washington co.
It flows into the sea W. of Jonesborough.
Indian River, r. N.Y., which rises in Lewis
co., and unites with the Oswegafchie, 4 miles
above its entrance into the St. Lawrence. —
Length 100 miles.
Indian River, r. Sussex co. Delaware, which
runs into Rehoboth bay. It is 15 miles long,
and navigable 13.
Indian River, hundred, in Sussex co. Dela
ware ; N. of Indian river. Pop- 1,887.
Indian Sound, gulf, or bay on S. coast of
Patagonia, communicating with the Straits of
Magellan, by means of St. Jerome's channel.
Indian Town Point, cape of the island of An
tigua, on E. coast. Loii.61.22.E. Lat. 17.15.N.
Indiana, co. Pa.; bounded N. by Jefferson
co., E. by Clearfield and Cambria cos., S. by
Westmoreland co., and W. by Armstrong co.
Pop. in 1810, 6,214 : in 1820, 8,882.
Indiana, p-t. bor. fa cap. Indiana co. Pa.;
about 26 SE. Kittanning ; 45 E. Pittsburg, W.
185. Pop. 317. It has a pleasant and elevated
situation, and contains a court-house, a print
ing-office, and an academy. There are 6 salt
wells in the county, from which salt is manu
factured in considerable quantities.
Indiana, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,198.
INDIANA, one of the United States, ad
mitted into the union in 1816. It is bound
ed N. by Michigan lake and territory, E. by
the state of Ohio, S. by Ohio river, which sep
arates it from Kentucky, and W. by Illinois.-

IND

782

IND

Lon. 84. 42. to 87. 49. W. Lat. 37.45. to 41.52.
1 N.; 284 miles long from N. to S., and 155 from
E. to W. Square miles 37,000. Pop. in 1810,
24,520, in 1815, 6S,780 ; in 1820, 147,178.
White males, 79,919 ; white females, 69,107.
Slaves, 190. Persons engaged in agriculture,
61,315; in manufactures, 3,229 ; in commerce,
429.

tOPOCROPHICAL TABLE

Counties.

Pop.

Chief Towns.

Clark

8,709

Charlestown

Crawford

2,583

Mount Sterling

Davies

3,432

Washington

Dearborn

11,468

Lawrenceburg

Decatur

Delaware

3,677

Dubois
1,168
Fortersville
Fayette
5,950
Connersville
Floyd
2,776
Franklin
10,763
Brookville
Gibson
3,876
Princeton
Green
Harrison
7,875
Corydon
Henry
Jackson
4,010
Brownston
Jefferson
8,038
Madison
Jennings
2,000
Vernon
Knox
5,737
Vincennes
Lawrence
4,116
Palestine
Marion
IlfDIANOPOLlS
Martin
1,032
Hindostan
Monroe
2,679
Morgan
Bloomington
Owen
838
Spencer
Orange
5,368
Paoli
Perry
2,330
Rome
Pike
1,472
Petersburg
Parke
Fosey
4,061
Springfield
Putnam
Randolph
1,808
Winchester
Ripley
1,822
Versailles
Scott
2,334
Lexington
Spencer
1,882
Rockport
Sullivan
3,498
Carlisle
Shelby
Switzerland
3,934
Vevay
Vanderburg
1,798
Evansville
Union
Vigo
3,390
Terre Haute
Wabash
147
Warwick
1,749
Brookville
Washington
9,087
Salem
Wayne
12,119
Centreville
Total 147, 17S
Towns. Indianopolis is the seat of govern
ment. The other most considerable towns are
Vincennes, Madison, Vevay, and Brookville.
A. college has been established at Vincennes.
Government. The legislature is composed of
a senate and house of representatives. The
representatives are elected auuually, and the
members of the senate once in three years.
The governor and lieutenant governor are
elected for three years, and may be re-elected
once. The legislature meets on the 1st Mon
day in September.
Rivers. The principal rivers are the Ohio,
Wabash, White river, Whitewater, Tippecanoe,
Illinois, Flein, Theakiki, St. Joseph's, and Sfe
Mary's. Face ofthe country. There are no mountains
in Indiana : the country, however, is more
hilly than the state of Illinois, particularly to
wards Ohio river. A range of hills, called the
Knobs, extends from the falls of the Ohio to the
Wabash, in a SW. direction, which in many
places produces a broken and uneven surface.
North of these hills lie the flat woods, 70 miles
wide. Bordering on all the principal streams,
except the Ohio, there are strips of bottom and
prairie land ; both together from 3 to 6 miles
in width. Between the Wabash and lake
Michigan, the country is mostly champaign,
abounding alternately with woodlands, prairies,
lakes, and swamps. A range of hills runs par
allel with the Ohio, from the mouth ofthe great
Miami to Blue river, alternately approaching
to within a few rods, and recedirig to the disi-
tance of 2 miles. Immediately below Blue riv
er, the hills disappear, and there is presented
to view" an immense tract of level land, cover
ed with a heavy growth of timber. North of
the Wabash between Tippecanoe and Ouitanan,
the banks of the streams are high, abrupt, and
broken, and the land, except the prairies,
is well timbered. Between the Plein and
Theakiki, the country is flat, wet and swampy,
interspersed with prairies of an inferior soil.
The sources of rivers are generally in swamps
or lakes, and the country around them is low,
and too wet for cultivation.
Soil. There are two kinds of prairies, the
river and the upland prairies : the former are
bottoms destitute of timber, and are said to
exhibit vestiges of former cultivation ; the lat
ter are from 30 to 100 feet more elevated, and
are far more numerous and extensive. Some
of them are not larger than a common field,
while others extend farther than the eye can
reach. They are usually bounded by heavy
timbered forests, and not unfrequently adorned
with copses of small trees. In spring and sum
mer, they are covered with a luxuriant growth
of grass and fragrant flowers, from 6 to 8 feet
high. The soil of these plains is often as deep
and fertile as the best bottoms. The prairies
bordering on the Wabash are particularly rich.
Wells have been dug in them, where the veg
etable soil was 22 feet deep, under which was
a stratum of fine white sand. The ordinary
depth is from 2 to 5 feet.
Productions. The principal productions of
this state are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats,
barley, buck wheat, potatoes, pulse, beef, pork,
butter, whiskey, and peach brandy. Not far
from Big Blue river there is a large cave, the
entrance of which is on the side of a hill, that is
about 400 feet high. Here are found great
quantities of sulphate of magnesia, or Epsom salt,
and of nitre, fac. The earth most strongly im
pregnated, yields 20 or 25 pounds of salt to a
bushel. Climate. The climate is generally healthy
and pleasant, resembling that of Ohio. The
Wabash is frozen over in the winter, so that it
may be safely crossed on the ice. More than
one half of the land in this state yet remains in
the possession of the Indians.
IND

783

IND

Indianapolis, p-t- Marion co. Indiana, the
seat of the state goyernment ; 80 N. Madison,
on the Ohio, 110 N. by E. Louisville, W. 630.
This town was laid out in Oct. 1821, and in
Feb. 1822, it contained a grist mill, 2 saw mills,
and 40 dwelling houses.
Indians, a' name applied to the aborigines of
America. These people are scattered through
the extent of this vast continent, and are divid
ed into a great number of tribes, differing from
each other but little in manners and customs.
The tribes usually consist of from 500 to 5,000
souls. They are tall and straight in their limbs.
Their countenances are fierce, and their bodies
are strong, and adapted to endure much hard
ship. They are hospitable and generous, but
implicable in their resentments. Their occu
pations are hunting and war.
Some of the most numerous tribes, within
the territories, belonging to the U S., are the
Creeks, Choctaws, Cherokees, and Sioux.
Estimate of the total number of Indians in
foe U. S., chiefly from Dr. Morse.
|^ew England and New York  7,087
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois  17,929
Michigan and N. W. territories  42,898
Southern states E. ofthe Mississippi  60,102
West ofthe Mississippi fa S. of Missouri.. 105,021
West of Mississippi and N. of Missouri  41,350
West ofthe Rocky mountains, about  140,000
Total in foeU. S  414 387
Indian-town, v. Dorchester co. Md.; 3 SW.
Newmarket. Indian-town, p-t. Curritick co. N. C; 52 ENE.
Edenton, W. 275.
Indian-town, p-t. Williamsburg, S. C.; W. 464.
INDIES, (West,) chain of islands between
N. fa S. America, extending in a curve from
foe Florida shore to near the mouth of the
Orinoco ; Cuba forming foe western limit, and
Trinidad the southern. They were named
West Indies by Columbus, under the notion
that they formed a part of the Indian continent.
Climate. The climate is hot and unhealthy,
but the heat is much tempered by sea and land
breezes. The seasons are divided into wet and
dry. The wet or rainy seasons are two, one
in the spring, but the principal one in autumn,
when the quantity of rain is very great. Snow
and ice are unknown. From the beginning of
August to the latter end of October, these isl
ands are subject to dreadful hurricanes, which
rage with great fury, and often do extensive in
jury. Earthquakes and violent thunder and
lightning are also common.
Productions. The soil of most of these
islands is extremely fertile. The most im
portant production is the sugar cane, which
affords great quantities of sugar ; also rum and
molasses. Other productions are, coffee, cot
ton, ginger, indigo, pimento, cocoa, tobacco,
fac; also excellent fruits, as oranges, lemons,
limes, pomegranates, pine apples, melons, fac
The mountains abound in valuable trees, as
cedars, lignum vitae, mahogany, fac.
Possessors. St. Domingo is in possession of
the blacks ; Cuba and Porto Rico belong to
Spain ; Guadaloupe, Martinico, and Mariega-
lante, to France ; St. Eustatia, Curacoa, and

Bueri-Ayre, to the Netherlands ; St. Bartholo
mew to Sweden ; Margarita forms a part of
Venezuela ; the remainder belong to Greot
Britain. The most considerable islands are foe
4 Great Antilles, Cuba, St. Domingo, Jamaica
and Porto Rico.
The following table exhibits a view of the
principal islands with their population,
BaAomos.
Bahama, 1 Totalpop. Whites. Chf.Towns-.
Providence > 14,318. 2,052 Nassau.
Abaco, fac. ) Great Antilles.
Cuba 620,980 280,203 Havannah
St. Domingo 650,000 40,000 Cape Henry
Jamaica 359,912 Kingston
Porto Rico 130,000 St. Juan
Leeward Islands.

¦3

f St. Thomas
Santa Cruz
Tortola Anguilla St. Eustatia
St. Christo^
pher
NevisAntiguaMontserrat
Mariegalante
Guadaloupe
Dominica St.Bartholo

5,000 Port Franco
28,812 2,223 Santa Cruz
11,520 l,300RoadHarbour

800
20,00027,998

5,000 The Bay
1 ,800 Basse terre
6,000 Charleston
2,102 St. Johns

93,000 16,640

Martinico Barbadoes St. Lucia
St. Vincent 23,493
Grenada 31,362
Tobago
. Trinidad

Margarita
Curacoa
Buen Ayre

16,000
35,301 10,750 1,000
12,400
114,839 12,747 Basseterre
20,036 1,325 Roseau
8,000 St.BarthoI-> omew y
Windward Islands.
95,206 9,206 St. Pierre
16,000 Bridgetown
1,290 827 Kingston
1,210 St. George
900 Scarborough-
2,261 Port of Spain
Lesser Antilles.
14,000 5,500 Ascencion
8,000 Curacoa

16,483 25,245

Total 2,408,095
Indigirka, i. Russia, which runs into the
Frozen sea, Lon. 144. 14. E. Lat. 73. N.
Indikhood, X. Grand Bukharia ; 60 W. Balk
Lon. 64. 10. E. Lat. 36. 38. N.
Indian, X. Persia, in Chorasan, near the Mas-
jan ; 210 NNE. Herat.
Indios, t. isthmus of Darien, which runs into
the Pacific ocean, Lat. 6. 20. N.
Indore, X. Hind, in Malwa, and residence of
a Mahratta chief; 290 SSW. Agra, 352 SSW
Delhi. Lon. 76. 11. E. Lat. 22. 56. N.
Indos, X. Hind, in Bengal ; 16 ENE. Bissun
pour. Lon. 87. 53. E. Lat. 23. 10. N.
Indour, X. Hind, in Tellingana ; 15 NW. In-
delavoy. Indramaia, or Indermaia, r. Java, which runs
into the sea, about 100 E. Batavia.
Indrapour, t. on W. coast of Sumatra, cap
ital of a countiy which has several other towns
where the Dutch have a factory, for the pur
chase of pepper ; 100 NW. Bencoolen. Lon
100. 40. E. Lat. 2. S.
Indrapour, (Point,) cape on W, coast ot Su-

ING

7*84

ING

Indrat, x. Hind. Dowlatabad ; 23 NW. Beder. .
Indre, r. France, which rises about 4 NNW
Boussac, in the department of the Creuse ;
passes by St. Sever, La Chatre, Chateauroux,
Chatillon, (where it becomes navigable), Lo-
ches, Cormeiy, Azay le Rideau, fac. and joins
the Loire atRigny, between Saumur and Tours.
Indre, dep. France, so called from the river
which crosses it from SE. to NW. ; bounded
N. by Loirand-Cher, E. by Cher, S. by Creuse,
and Upper-Vienue, aud W. by Vienne and In
dre-and-Loire ; about 54 miles from N.to S.
and 45 from E. to W. It is divided into 4 ar-
rondissements, Chateauroux, the capital, Issou
dun, Le Blanc, and Le Chatre. Sq. m. 2,820.
Fop. 204,721.
Indre-and-Loire, dep. France, so called from
the union of foe two rivers ; bounded N. by
the Sarte, E. by the Loir-and-Cher and Indre,
S. and SW. by Vienne, and W. and NW. by
Mayne-and-Loire ; about 50 miles from N. to
S., and 45 from E. to W. Tours is the capital.
It is divided into 3 arrondissements, Tours, the
capital, Loches, and Chinon. Sq. in. 2,840.
Fop. 275,292.
Indus, or Sindc, (an. Sindus, or Sinthus,) cel
ebrated river of Asia, which is supposed to rise
on the western side of the Himaleh mountains,
and discharges its waters into the Indian sea by
many mouths, between Lat. 23. 20. and 24. 40.
N. Its course, including its windings, is esti
mated at 1,700 miles, and is generally W. of S.
The Delta of the Indus is about 150 miles in
length along the coast, and 115 in depth. The
river is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to the
province of Lahore, a distance of 760 geograph
ical miles. From Attack to the Delta, a distance
of about 800 miles, its breadth is generally
about a mile, and its depthfrom 2 to 5 fathoms.
Industry, p-t. Somerset co. Maine ; 13 W.
Norridgewock, W. 658. Pop. 796. *
Ineada, or Inada, or Niada, X. Eu. Turkey,
in Romania, on the Black sea, at the head of
a deep harbour ; 56 ENE. Adrianople. It has
considerable trade, and great quantities of char
coal are made in the vicinity, and sent lo Con
stantinople. Ineboli, see Aineh-boli.
Ineserrha, X. Sennaar; 10 E. Giessim.
Ineveram, t. Hind, in Rajamundry; 32 SE.
Rajamundry. Infandria, X. on W. coast of the island of
Madagascar ; 20 S. Cape St. Sebastian.
Infanta, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
sea, Lat. 32 S.
Infantos, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 20 W.
Alcaraz. Pop. 6,000.
Infierno, one of the smaller Canary islands,
between Lancerotta and St. Clara.
Infiesto, X. Spain, in Asturia; 20 E. Oviedo.
Infuma, or Dikjeschofl, t. Africa, in Ante,
where the English built a fort, in 1691.
Ingmdita, now Indanha a Velha.
Ingamachoix Bay, bay on W. coast of New
foundland , 5 S. Point Rich.
Inganess Bay, bay on NE. coast of the island
of Pomona. Lon. 2. 44. W. Lat. 58. 51. N.
Ingard Point, cape on S. coast of Ireland, in
the county of Wexford ; 1 E. Featherd.
Ingaryd,t. Sweden, Smaland ; 5 S. Jonkioping.
matra. Lon. 100. 34. E. Lat. 2. 10. S.

Ingalestone, X. Eng. in Essex, in the road from
London to Harwich ; 23 ENE. London, 28
SW. Colchester. Pop. 640.
Ingalorp, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 40N.Wexio.
Ingelfingen, X. Wurt, in Jaxt, in Hohenlohe,
on the Kocher ; 8 NE. Ohrenburg. Pop. 1,336.
Ingelheim, (Ober,) t. Hesse Darmstadt, prov
ince ofthe Rhine, on the Selz ; 12 W. Mentz,
28 NW. Worms. Lon. 8. 1. E. Lat. 49. 56. N.
Pop. 1,738. Natives, Charlemagne and Sebas
tian Munster.
Ingelheim, (Nider,) X. Ger. in Hesse Darm
stadt ; 1 NNW. Ober Ingelheim. Pop. 1,137.
Ingelly, X. Hind, in Bengal, at the mouth of
foe Hoogly; 60 S. Calcutta.
Ingelmunster, or Engelmunsler, v. fa parish,
Flanders, near the river Mandel ; 5 N. Cour-
tray. Pop. 4,873. Here is a casfle, which was
often made a garrison in the religious wars of
the 16th century.
Ingelsburg, X. Sax. Vogtland ; 9 SSE. Oelsnitz.
Ingelslhal, X Carinthia ; 4 NNW. Freisacb.
Ingelstad, t. Sweden, Smaland ; 10 SE. Wexio.
Ingen, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat. 70. 56. N.
Ingena, now Avranches.
Ingenheim, v. Bav. circle of the Rhine ; near
Landau. Pop. 1,000.
Ingenio, X. Chili, on the Ligua.
Ingeram, small isl. in the straits of Malacca,
near the coast of Salengore. Lon. 101. 26. E.
Lat. 3. 15. N.
Ingeram, X. Hind, in Rajamundry 30 SE. Ra
jamundry. Ingersheim, X. France, in Upper-Rhine ; 6
WNW. Colmar. Pop. 1,268.
Ingesu, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 80 SE.
Yurcup. Ingetorp, X. Sweden, Schonen ; 10 E. Ystad.
Inghuysen, t. Neth. Zutphen ; 3 NE. Doesburg.
Ingkalu, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat. 70. 50. N.
Ingkborough, mt. Eng. in NW. part of York
shire ; 2,361 feet above the sea ; 20 miles in
circ. Lon. 2. 23. W. Lat. 54. 10. N.
Ingling, X. France, Moselle ; 6 E. Thionville.
Inglesvilk, p-v. Montgomery co. Va. W. 311.
Ingleton, v. Eng. in W. riding of Yorkshire,
at the foot of Ingleborough mt; 18 NE. Lan
caster, 245 NW. London. Pop. 1,268.
Ingo, see Hango.
Ingoda, r. Russia, which runs into the Amul,
28 W. Nertchinsk.
Ingolsladt, X. Bavaria, circle of the Regen, on
the Danube ; 33 NE. Augsburg, 37 N. Munich.
Lon. 11. 26. E. Lat. 48.46. N. Pop. 4,817.
It is one ofthe strongest places in Germany,
surrounded with a morass. It had a university,
founded in the year 1472, which embraced the
reformation in the year 1743, but it was remov
ed in 1800 to Landshut. It now has an acad
emy or high school, and 3 churches.
Ingonvilk, X. France, in Lower Seine, near
the coast ; 2 N. Havre de Grace, of which it is
sometimes reckoned a suburb. Pop. 4,136.
Ingraham, or Washington-Islands, a cluster of
islands in the S. Pacific ocean, NW. of foe
Marquesas. Lon. 140. 14. to 141. 18. W. Lat.
8. 3. to 9. 24. S.
Ingrande, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire, on
foe Loire ; 10 E. Ancenis, 15 WSW. Angers.

INI

785

INK

Jngri; t. France, in Loiret ; 4 NW. Orleans.
Fop. 2,905.
Ingria, part of Russia, now called tAe Gov
ernment of Petersburg ; conquered from the
Swedes by Peter the Great.
Ingrin, or Grain, t. Africa, in the countiy of
the Foulahs ; 30 SW. Cayor.
Ingskar, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia,
Lon. 17. 24. E. Lat 61. 15. N.
Ingrowitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 30 NNW.
Brunn. Lon. 16. 2. E. Lat 49. 36. N. Pop.
1,050. Ingue-louka, X. Chinese Tartary. , Lon. 124.
44. E. Lat. 42. 16. N.
Ingvenid, t. France, in Morbihan ; 10 N.
Hennebon. Ingul, r. Russia, which runs into the Bug,
near Matvievka.
Inguktz, r. Russia, which runs into the Dnie
per, 12 NE. Cherson.
Ingulsk, X. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Ingul; 28 S. Elizavet.
Ingurty, t. Golconda ; 22 SE. Warangole.
Ingweiller, t. France, in Lower Rhine, on the
Motter; 21 NNW. Strasburg. Pop. 1,426.
Inhallow, one of the smaller Orkney islands,
between Pomona and Rousa.
lnhambane, or Innambam, km. Africa, in Mo-
caranga, bounded N. by Sabia, E. and SE. by
the Indian sea, SW. by the Manica, and NW.
by a country unknown. Lon. 23. to 26. S,
Inhamoit, t. and district, Africa, in Mocaran-
ga, about Lon. 31. 20. E. Lat. 17. 30. S.
Inhampura, r. Africa, in lnhambane, which
runs into the Indian sea, Lat. 24. 30. S.
Inhambano, r. Africa, which runs into foe In
dian sea, Lat. 23. 15. S.
Inhangoma, isl. Africa, in the river Zambeze.
Lon. 32. 20. E. Lat. 17. 45. S.
Inhanzara, t. Nubia, Sennaar ; 30 Giessiin.
Inhasato, small isl. in the Indian sea, near foe
coast of Africa. Lat. 20. 35. S.
Inhaquea, X. Africa, in Sofala, in the posses
sion of the Portuguese, near the sea coast ; 20
SW. Sofala.
Inia, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, 50
NE. Kolivan.
Inia, r. Russia, which runs into the Lena.
Lon. 116. 14. E. Lat. 55. 20. N.
Injambi, or Tiete, r. Brazil, which runs into
the Parana ; 180 NW. St. Paul, on the borders
of Paraguay.
Iniara, t. Russia, in Penza ; 48 W. Penza.
Injellee, see Hijelke.
Inio, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of
Finland, with a town. Lon. 21. 14. E. Lat.
60. 26. N.
Inirrita, r. S. A. in New Grenada, which runs
into the Guaviara, Lon. 68. 20. W. Lat. 4. N.
Iniisbeg, isl. near NW. coast of Ireland. Lon.
8. 3. W. Lat. 55. 12. N.
Inisbeg, isl. near W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 10.
22. W. Lat. 52. 7. N.
Inis Boffin, isl. nearW. coast of Ireland. Lon.
8. 2. W. Lat. 55. 10. N.
Inis Boffin, isl. near W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
10. 9. W. Lat. 53. 35. N. ,
Iniscaltra, isl. of Ireland, in the river Shan
non; 2 S. Mount Shannon.
Insicaltery, isl. of Ireland, about 7 miles from
Vol. I. 99

the mouth ofthe Shannon. Lon. 9i25.W. Lat'
52. 35. N.
Inisdrisra, isl. near SW. coast of Ireland,in
Roaring-water bay. Lon. 9. 33. W. Lat,51.27.N.
Inisduf isl. near N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 8.
2. W, Lat. 55. 11. N.
Inisfree, isl. near W. coast of Ireland ; 2 SE.
Arranmore. Lat. 54. 57. N.
Inisfree Bay, bay on W. coast of Ireland.
Lat. 55. 2. N.
Inisglora Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9. 57. W. Lat. 54. 13. N.
Inisgoula Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland,
in Clew bay. Lon. 9. 30. W. Lat. 53. 53. N.
Inish, small isl. near W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 6. 39. W. Lat. 56. 20. N.
Inishae Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8. 7. W. Lat. 53. 29. N.
Inisham Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9. 46. W. Lat. 53. 37. N.
Inishegil Island, isl. near W. cpast of Ireland,
between the island of Achil and the continent.
Lat. 54. N.
Inisherkan Island, isl. near S. coast of Ireland,
on W. side of Baltimore harbour, 6 m. in circ,
Lon. 9. 19. W. Lat. 51. 24. N.
Inishmurry Island, isl. in the river Shannon ;
16 W. Limerick.
Inishowen Head, cape on N. coast of Ireland.,
Lon. 6. 48. W. Lat. 55. 15. N.
Inishruin Island, small isl. near W. coast of
Ireland. Lon. 9. 59. W. Lat. 53. 36. N.
Inishugh Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland,
in Clew bay. Lon. 9. 30. W. Lat. 53. 52. N.
Iniskea, (North,) isl. near W. coast Of Ireland.
Lon. 10. W. Lat. 54. 9. N.
Iniskea, (South,) isl. near W. coast of Ire
land ; 1 SW. North Iniskea.
Iniskeel Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland,
at the mouth ofthe Guibarra river. Lon. 8. 20.
W. Lat. 54. 51. N.
Iniskeerah, isl. near W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
9. 56. W. Lat. 54. 13. N.
Iniskerry, isl. near W. coast of Ireland, N. of
Dunmore bay. Lon. 9. 27. W. Lat. 52. 47. N.
Inislire, isl. near W. coast of Ireland, in Clew
bay. Lon. 9. 30. W. Lat. 53. 50. N.
Inismain, one of the South Arran islands, near
W. coast of Ireland, at the entrance of Galway
bay. Lon. 9. 36. W. Lat. 53. 3. N.
Inismakeera, isl. near W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9. 23. W. Lat. 54. 57. N.
Inismanan, isl. near NW. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9. 12. W. Lat. 55. 6. N.
Inismurry, isl. near W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
8. 33. W. Lat. 54. 26. N,
Inisharlc Island, isl. near W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 10. 14. W. Lat. 53. 34. N.
Inistegell, isl. near W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
9. 49. W. Lat. 53. 38. N.
Inistioghe, X. Ireland, Kilkenny ; 10 S. Gow-
ran, 13 SW. Kilkenny.
Inisluiscar, isl. near W. coast of Ireland. Lon?
10. 26. W. Lat. 52. 8. N.
Inislure, isl. near W. coast of Ireland. Lon,
10. W. Lat. 53. 41. N.
Inkerman, X. Crimea, on foe bay of Achtiar.
The rocks all around foe harbour are, in a won
derful manner, wrought into cells; chapelsj
monasteries, sepulchres, fac-.

INS

786

INV

In-kiang, X. China, of foe third rank, in Koei-
tcheou ; 12 NNE. Se-nan.
Inskolkaia, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan ; 40
SW. Biisk.
Dili, X. Corea; 45. W. Hoang-tcheou.
In-mjn, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quarig-si ; 750 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 41. E.
Lat. 23. 3, N.
tn-noring, X. Carinthia, on the river Lyzer ;
6 N. Millstatt.
Inn, (an. CEnus, or ALnus,) r. which rises in
foe country of the Grisons, about 12 SW. of
Zuls, passes by Innspruck, Schwartz, Raten-
burg, Kuffstein, Wasserburg, Muldorf, Braunau,
Scherding, fac. and runs into the Danube, near
Passau. Length 250 miles.
Inn, r. Austria, which runs into the Danube,
near Efferding.
Innaconda; or Viniconda, or Huiniconda, for
tress, Hind., in Guntoor; 87 SSE. Hydrabad,
95 W. Masulipatam. Lon. 79. 36. E. Lat. 16. N.
Innerkeithen, fac see Inverkeilhing, he.
Inner See, '¦ which rises about 5 NW. from
Goslar, and runs into the Leine, about 4 NW.
Sarstede, in Hildesheim.
Inner Sound, strait of the North sea, between
the isle of Skye and NW. coast of Inverness-
shire, in Scotland.
Invershon, small, isl. on W. side ofthe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 6. E. Lat. 61. 34. N.
Innerstein, X. Austria; 6 WNW. Grein.
Innharling, X. Austria ; 5 W. Wels.
Innichen, (an. Agvntum,) X. Tyrol, near the
Drave ; 21 N. Cadora, 29 E. Brixen. Lon. 12.
20. E. Lat. 46. 41. N.
Innilpour, X. Bengal ; 4S N. Dacca.
Innstadi, (an. Bajodurum,) see Passau.
Inny, r. Ireland, in Kerry, which empties into
Ballinaskellig bay.
Ino, now Nio.
Inopolis, see Abonitichos.
Inor, X. France, in Meuse ; 3 N. Stenay.
Inowloczaw, or Inowiadislow, or Jungenleslaw,
t. Poland ; 26 W. Wladislaw. Pop. 357.
Inowroslaw, see Wladislaw.
Inowsal, small isl. near NE. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 117.27. E. Lat. 6. 45. N.
Insara, X. Russia, in Penza, at the conflux of
the Istra and Insara ; 278 ESE. Moscow. Pop.
3,024. Insch, X. Scotland, and burgh of a barony, in
Aberdeenshire ; 10 NW. Inverary.
Inse, r. Prussia, which runs into the Curisch
Haff, 11 S. Russ.
Inse, X. Prussia ; 22 W. Tilsit, 33 S. Memel.
Inselberg, mt. Ger., in Thuringia; 3,300 feet
fo height.
Insheni, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile; 9 W. Dendera.
Inshilla, X. Africa, near E. coast of Tunis ;
108 S. Tunis.
Insingen, t. Bavaria ; 4 S. Rothenburg.
Insming, X. France, in Meurte; 9 ENE. Mor-
hange, 10 NNE. Dieuze.
Insoko, X. Africa, on the Gold coast ; 120
miles from the sea.
Inspruck, ovlnnspruck, or Ynsbrugg, X. Austria,
capital of Tyrol, on the Inn ; 28 N. Brixen, 68
SW. Salzburg. Lon. 11. 24. E. Lat. 47. 16. N.
Pop. 10,237. H. 1,100. It is 1,856 feet above

the level of the sea. Though situated in the
northern part of Tyrol, it has long been foe
seat of the local government and Of the high
courts of justice. It contains a government
house, town house, opera, arsenal, barracks,
and 9 churches. The public edifices are more
remarkable for size than elegance. Within the
walls and gates it is not large, but it contains
extensive suburbs. A university was founded
here in 1672 ; but it has been suppressed, and
its place is now supplied by a lycuem, a medi
cal school, an establishment styled the general
seminary for Tyrol. The town has considerable
trade, and a manufacture of cotton. The Inn-
thai, or valley of the Inn, in which Innspruck
stands, is 30 miles in length, the largest and
most picturesque, formed by the northern Alps.
Inster, c. Prussia, which rises 6 NE. Pilkallen,
and joins foe Angerap, to form foe Pregel, near
Insterburg. tnsterburg, X. Pru., in Gumbinnen ; 44 E. Ko
nigsberg. Lon. 22. 2. E. Lat. 54. 35. N. Pop.
5,253. It contains 2 churches ; the castle was
built in the 14th century. Corn and beer are
its principal articles of trade.
Insubres, ancient division of Cisalpine Gau),
on the Po.
Insuma, t. Arabia, Hedsjas ; 100 SW. Mecca.
Inta, km. Africa, north of Ashantee. Chief
town, Sallagha.
Intawa, t. Hind., Bundelcund ; 15 E. Panah.
Intchen-ouei, X. Chinese Tartary ; 230 ENE.
Peking. Lon. 127. 21. E. Lat. 41. 23. N.
Interamnium, or Interamna, now Terni.
Interdoco, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 12 W.
Aquila. Interior Parish, p-v. La Fourche, Louisiana ;
114 New Orleans, W. 1,375.
Interlacken, X. Switz., in Berne ; 28 SSW.
Lucerne, 32 SE. Berne. It takes its name from
a celebrated abbey, so called from being situ
ated between the lakes of Brientz and Thun.
Inlour, X. Hind., in Cuddapa; 33 NW. Gan-
dicotta. Intra, X. Piedmont, oh lake Maggiore ; 30 N.
Novara. Pop. 4,500.
Intressin, X. Pru. Posen ; 40 S. Posen.
Introbio, X. Italy, in Montagna ; 7 N. Lecco.
Iniurki, X. Russia, Wilna ; 18 N. Wilna.
In-Venden, mt. Tyrolese ; 14 NNE. Brixen.
Inver, r. Ireland, which enters into Donegal
bay, forming a bay at its mouth, to which it
gives name ; 7 W. Donegal.
Inverarity, t. Scot., Angus ; 4 S. Forfar.
Inverary, X. fa roval borough, Scot, capital of
Argyleshire; 59 NW. Glasgow, 104 WNW. Ed
inburgh. Lon. 4. 54. W. Lat. 56. 15. N. Pop.
1,134. It is situated on NW. side of Loch Fyne,
near which is a castle, the seat of the duke of
Argyle. Inveraven, X. Scot., in Bamffshire, near the
conflux of the Avon and the Spey ; 12 SSE.
Forres, 14. S. Elgin.
Inverbervie, see Bervie.
Inveresk, parish, Scot., Edinburghshire, on the
Esk; 3 N. Dalkeith, 4 E. Edinburgh. Pop.
6,393. '
Invergowrie, v. Scot., in Angus, on the Tay ;
2 W. Dundee.
Inverkeilhing, s-p. Scot, and a royal burgh,

ION

787

IPS

in Fifeshire, on N. side of the Forth ; 13 NW.
Edinburgh, 29 S. Perth. Lon. 3. 25. W. Lat 56.
3. N. Pop. 1,500 ; of the parish 2,400. Before
the entrance of the harbour there is a large and
safe bay, which affords excellent shelter for
ships in all winds.
Inverkiethenie, X. Scot, in Aberdeenshire ; 16
N. Inverary.
Inverkiller, X. Scot, in the Angus-shire ; 5 N.
Aberbrothick. Inverleithing, X. Scot, in Peeblesshire, on a
river of the- same name, with a medicinal
spring ; 5 E. Peebles.
Inverleithing, r. Scot, which runs into the
Tweed, 5 E. Peebles.
inverlochy, see Fort William.
Inverness, s-p. Scot, cap. ofthe county ofthe
same name, at the mouth ofthe Ness ; 18 WNW.
Aberdeen, 156 N.Edinburgh. Lon. 4. 7. W. Lat.
57. 29. N. Pop. 11,353. It is a royal burgh, and
has asafe and commodious harbour. Itis the em
porium and common centre of intercourse ofthe
northern counties, and has long been consid
ered as the metropolis of the Highlands. It is
a handsome town, and has many elegant build
ings. The manufactures of the town are leather,
coarse hempen cloth, bagging, sacking, fac,
linen, and thread. The memorable battle of
Culloden was fought near this town. Inverness
bas a flourishing royal academy, with from 200
to 300 scholars, a royal infirmary, 3 printing-
offices, from 2 of which newspapers are issued ;
3 presbyterian churches, besides 1 of Episcopa
lians, and a place of worship for Methodists.
Inverness-shire, co. Scotland, bounded N. by
Ross, E. by Murray and Nairn, S. by Perth and
Argyle, and W by the sea. It is divided into
3 districts, Inverness-shire Proper, Lochaber,
and Badenoch ; and includes several of the
Hebrides, or Western islands, viz. Skye, Barra,
North and South Uist, Benbecula, St. Kilda,
Rona, Rasa, Rum, and some others, with the
peninsula of Harris. Independent of the islands,
it measures 94 miles from E. to.W. and 50 from
N. to S. It abounds with oak and fir timber,
and mines of iron ore ; the pastures feed num
bers of cattle. Pop. 78,336.
Inversnaid, fort, Scot, in Stirlingshire, with
barracks near E. coast of Loch Lomond ; 18
N. Dumblane. The barracks are yet kept in
repair, and a guard regularly mounted.
Inverury, X. Scot., in Aberdeenshire, at the
conflux of the Don and the Ury ; 10 NW. Aber
deen, 51 NNE. Dundee. Lon. 2. 19. W. Lat.
57. 11. N. Pop. 783.
Invoy, now Carignan.
Inyami, t Africa, in Loango, with a celebrat
ed idol, adored by the inhabitants.
Iona, I-colm-kill, I-columb-kill, called by Bede
Hii, but its proper name is /, pronounced like
ee, which signifies an island ; one of the Wes
tern islands of Scotland, separated from the
western part of Mull by a narrow channel ; 36
miles distant from the mainland ; 2-J- miles long,
1 on an average, broad ; containing 1,300 acres.
Pop. 386. It is the property of the duke of Ar
gyle, and produces good crops of barley and
oats, and has excellent pasture ; and abounds
in a variety of minerals.
In 563, St. Columba, a native of Ireland,

landed upon this island, and after this event if
became celebrated as a seat of learning and
piety. It was erected into a bishop's see, and
became the head of the Christiari church in
Scotland, whither the young princes of Scot
land and Northumberland were sent for educa
tion ; it was also honoured with frequent visits
from the neighbouring potentates of ancient
times, while others sought an asylum here from
the cares of the world. There are considerable
ruins of the cathedral and other buildings, and
in the burying place there are numerous tomb
stones. In this enclosure lie the remains of 48
kings of Scotland, 4 of Ireland, 8 of Norway,
and 1 France, who were ambitious of reposing
in this consecrated ground.
Ionia, ancient country, on W. side of Asal
Minor. Chief cities, Ephesus and Smyrna.
Ionia, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y., in Camillus ;
157 W. Albany, W. 420.
Ionian Sea, ancient name of that part of the
Mediterranean whichlies between S. part of
Italy and Greece.
Ionian Islands, called also the Ionian Repub-.
lie, or Republic of theSeven Islands, a small, re
cently constituted republic, consisting of seven
principal islands and a number of islets, extend
ing along the southwest of Greece. Lon. 19. 30.
to 23. 10. E. Lat. 36. to 40. N.
Islands. Sq. m. Pop. Chief towns.-
Corfu  229  .60,000  Corfu
Cephalonia  340  60,000  Argostoli
Zante  159  40,000  Zante
Sta. Maura ....:. ..106  20,000  Sta. Maura
Cerigo  96  10,000  Cerigo
Ithaca  90  8,000  .Vathi
Paxo  34  8,000  Porto Gai

1,054 206,000
This republic was put under foe protection of
Great Britain, in 1815, by the congress of Vi
enna, and a constitution was drawn up and
ratified by the British government in 1817. The
legislative power is vested in a senate of 29
members; from the several islands. — The coasts
of the islands are rugged, the surface uneven,
containing a number of barren rocks and some
high hills, interspersed with fertile plains and
valleys. The climate is very mild, but subject
to sudden changes. The productions are corn,
vines, olives, currants, cotton, honey, wax, fac.
Vines and olives form the chief source of in
come to the inhabitants. The currants, and
small dried grapes, are exported in large quan
tities.— The inhabitants are mostly Greeks, and
of the Greek church.
los, now Nio.
Ioushiah, (an. Laodicea,) X. Syria; 50 NE,
Balbec. Iowa Town, X. N. A., on E side of foe river
Mississippi. Lon. 91. 15. W. Lat. 40. 30. N.
Iowa, r. N. A., which runs into the Missis
sippi, Lon. 91. 50. W. Lat. 40. 38. N.
Iowa, (Upper,) r. N. A., which runs into the
Mississippi, 40 N. Ouisconsin.
Iowas, Indians, N. A. on the Mississippi, and
the Iowa. No. 1,400. '
Ipam, t. Africa, on the Gold coast ; 30 SW. Acra
Ipane, r. Brazil, which runs into theParaguav
Ipanema, t. Brazil ; 160 SW. Pernambuco

IRA

788

IRE

Ipek, r. Servia, which rises in Mount Haemus,
and runs into the Danube, near Galombatz.
' Ipersheim, X. Ger., Schwarzenburg ; 13 SW.
Schainfeld. Iphofen, X. Bavaria; 5 E. Kitzingen.
Ipiaks, X. S. A. in Popayan ; 36 S. Pasto.
Ipoly, r. Hungary, which runs into the Dan
ube, near Gran.
Ipoly-Sagh, X. Hungary, the place of assem
bly for the county of Honth. Pop. 785.
Ips, (an. Pons Isis, or Isipontium,) X. Austria,
near the conflux of the Ips and Danube ; 22 W.
St. Polten, 48 W. Vienna. Lon. 15. 5. E. Lat.
48. 13. N. Pop. 900.
Ips, i. which rises from a lake in S. part of
Austria, passes by Waidhoven, fac. and runs
into the Danube, near the town of Ips.
Ipsala, or Cypsala, or Skipsilar, X. Eu. Turkey,
in Romania, on the Marizza ; 53 SW. Adrian-
ople, 150 W. Constantinople. Greek abp. see.
Ipsera, or Ipsara, (an. Psyra,) isl. in foe Gre
cian Archipelago, about 6 miles long and 3
wide : 6 NW. Scio. Lon. 25. 35. E. Lat. 38. 43.
N. It produces figs, grapes, a little cotton, and
some corn ; red wine is an article of com
merce ; the soil is in general excellent. Pop.
differently stated from 500 to nearly 3,000,
chiefly Greeks, fa are subject to foe cadi of Scio.
Ipsheim, X. Bavaria ; 17 NNW. Anspach.
Ipsili, small island, gulf of Engia; 5 NW.
Engia. Ipson, X. Egypt ; 3 S. Tahta.
Ipstones, X. Eng., Staffordshire ; 2 N. Cheadle.
Pop. 1,804.
Ipsus, X. Phrygia ; about 90 NW. Iconium. It
is celebrated for a great battle fought, 301 B. C,
between Antigonus and Ptolemy.
Ipswich, i . Mass., which rises in Wilmington,
runs NE. and flows into Ipswich harbour.
Ipswich, p-t. fa port of entry, Essex co. Mass. ;
12 NNE. Salem, 12 SSW. Newburyport, 27
NNE. Boston, W. 464. Lon. 70. 51. W. Lat. 42.
41. N. Pop. 2,553. It contains 3 parishes, in
each of which there is a Congregational meet
ing house, and it has also a society of Baptists.
The principal village is pleasantly situated on
Ipswich river, about a mile from the sea, and
contains an elegant court house, an excellent
stone jail, a free grammar school, a brick build
ing for the registry of deeds, and 2 Congrega-
tionalmeeting houses. It is a place of some
trade, and does some business at shipbuilding.
The shipping belonging to this port, in 1816,
amounted to 1,571 tons. Here is an excellent
stone bridge across the river, with 2 arches.
The supreme court, and the court -of common
pleas, are occasionally held in this town.
Ipswich,X. Eng., cap. of Suffolk, on the Orwell,
12 m. from the German sea ; 42 S. Norwich, 69
NNE. London. Lon. 1. 10. E. Lat. 52. 4. N. Pop.
13,670. Itis ancient, and was formerly of much
greater note than at present ; foe harbour was
more convenient, and had a greater number of
vessels. The streets are well paved and lighted,
but narrow and irregular. Many of foe houses
are modern and handsome ; the rest, though old,
are substantial and commodious. There are 12
churches, arid chapels for Independents, Unita
rians, and Baptists. The trade is considerable,
chiefly in the malting and exportation of grain

for the London market, with a small share in
the coasting and foreign trade. It sends2mem-
bers to parliament. Here is a market on Tues
day and Thursday for butchers' meat, on Wed
nesday and Friday for fish, and on Saturday
for corn and provisions in general. — Cardinal
Wolsey was a native of this town.
Ipthausen, t. Bavaria ; 3 miles from Konigs-
hofen in der Grabfeld.
Iput, r. Russia, which runs into the Soz, op
posite to Bilitz, in Mogilev.
Iqueyqui, or Iquique, isl. in the Pacific ocean,
near the coast of Peru, about a mile in circ,
situated in a small gulf, which affords a shelter
for vessels, but no fresh water. Lon. 20. 20. S.
Iquisenqui, one of the islands of Japan, near
SE. coast of the island of Ximo. It is very
small. Lon. 132. 40. E. Lat. 32. N.
Ira, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. ; 40 W. Windsor, W,
433. Pop. 498.
Ira, X. Cayuga co. N. Y., formed since 1820
from Cato.
Irabad, see Hirabad.
Irabatty, name given to the river Ava, in
some part of its course.
Iracubo, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 54. 27. W. Lat. 5. 35. N.
Irak Arabi, or Arabian Irak, a name often ap
plied to the pachalic of Bagdad. See Bagdad.
Irak, or Irac, or Irac Agemi, pr. Persia,
bounded N. by Ghilan and Mazanderan, E. by
Chorasan, S. by Farsistan, and W. by the Ara
bian Irac. This province contains a part of
ancient Media and Parlhia. It is about 150
leagues in length, and 120 in breadth ; a part
of it is composed of barren and naked moun
tains, or sandy plains, in which little can grow
for the service of man. The air is healthy, but
extremely dry. They reckon about 40 towns
or cities. Ispahan is foe capital.
Iramally, X. Hind., in Dindigul; 30 WNW.
Dindigul. Iran, see Persia.
Irancy, X. France, Auxerre ; 6 SE. Auxerre,
18 NW. Avallon. Pop. 1,122.
Irapilly, t. Hind., in the Mysore country ; 12
SE. Sankeridurgum.
Irasburg, p-t. fa cap. Orleans co. Vt. ; 60
NNE. Montpelier, W. 570. Pop. 432. It is wa
tered by Black river.
Irben, X. Courland, on the coast ofthe Baltic ;
18 ENE.Windau.
Irbersdorf see Ebrenfriedersdorf
Irbil, fortress, A. Turkey, in Curdistan ; 80
SE. Be'tlis.
Irbit, or Irbitskaia, X. Russia, in Perm, on the
Irbit; 100 NE. Ikaterinburg. Pop. 3,400. Itis
the entrepot for Siberian furs, and is noted for a
yearly market held in January.
Irbit, r. Russia, which runs into the Tura,near
the town of Irbitskaia.
Irch, see Earch.
Ircunda, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 28 SW. Cica
cole. Iri, see Eyre.
Ire Holmes, 2 islands among foe Orkneys, a
little W. of the island of Sanda.
Ireby, or Market Ireby, X. Eng., in Cumber
land, on the Elne ; 12 N. Keswick, 296 N. Lon
don. Lon. 3. 5. W. Lat. 54. 39. N. Pop. 130.

IRE

789

IRK

Ireck, or Iregh, X. Sclavonia, in Syrmia. Lon.
19. 53. E. Lat. 45. 7. N. Pop. 4,817. H. 1,000.
Iredell, co. W. part of N. C. Fop. in 1810,
10,972. Slaves 2,432. Pop. in 1820, 13,071.
Irega, X. Hind., in Adoni; 50 WNW. Adoni.
Iregua, r. Spain, which rises in Old Castile,
and runs into the Ebro, near Logrogno.
/re?, t. Hind., in Gohud; 70 E. Narwa, 120
SSE. Agra. Lon. 79. 40. E. Lat. 25. 37. N.
Irken, see Yarkan.
Irelaboo, X. on N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 96.
16. E. Lat. 5. 9. N.
Ireland, (New,) isl. in the E. Indian sea. The
inhabitants are black, and woolly-headed, like
negroes, but without the flat nose and thick lips.
The most southerly point is situated Lon. 152.
17. E. Lat. 4. 59. S.
IRELAND, large island, Europe, in the At
lantic, lying west of Great Britain, from which
it is separated by the Irish sea, or St. George's
channel, which varies in breadth from 12 to
120 miles. Lon. 6. to 10. 40. W. Lat. 61. 15, to
55. 13. N. ; 235 miles long, from N. to S., and
182, where widest, broad. Sq. m. according to
Pinkerton and others, 27457 ; according to
Dr. Beaufort, 30J370 ; according to Wakefield,
32,201. Pop. in 1731, 2,010,221 ; in 1767,
2,544,276; in 1791,4,206,612. The following
is a view of the population, according to the
returns of 1821, together with the number of
resident clergy of the established church, Cath
olic clergy, Presbyterian ministers, and others.
Provinces. Pop. 1821. Est.ch. Cath.Pres. others
Ulster  2,001,966....440  319....216  Ill
Leinster  1,785,702....637  .683  11  11
Connought..l,053,918....157  357  3  3
Munster  2,005,363.. ..463  635  9  20

Totals....6,846,949 1,617 1,994 239 145
Divisions. Ireland is divided into 4 provinces,
Ulster, Leinster, Connought, and Munster, which
are subdivided into 32 counties, containing
3,436 parishes.
Towns. The chief towns are Dublin, the cap
ital, Cork, Limerick, Waterford, B,elfast, Kil
kenny, Drodgheda, Dundalk, Galway, Newry,
Londonderry, Wexford, Kinsale, Sligo, and Ar
magh. Government. Ireland forms a part of the
united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
See Great Britain.
Religion. The established religion of Ireland
is the same as that of England, yet two thirds
or three fourths of the inhabitants are Catholics.
In the establishment there are 4 archbishoprics,
viz. Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam ; and
18 bishoprics. In the northern counties the
Presbyterians are the most numerous class of
Protestants. Education. There is a university in Dublin,
and a royal Catholic college at Maynooth. Ed
ucation among the great mass of the people has
heretofore been lamentably neglected, but of
late, exertions have been made to extend its

Inliabitants. The great mass of the people
are sunk in ignorance and poverty. Their com
mon food is potatoes and milk, their fuel, turf;
and they are miserably lodged. According to
foe returns in 1791, there were 701„102 houses,

of which 112,556 were inhabited by paupers,
and 615,346, not inhabited by paupers, had
only one hearth.
Commerce, fac. The principal exports are lin
en, butter, wheat, flour, oats, beef, pork, fac
The exports, in 1815, amounted to £7,139,435.
Ofthe manufactures, linen is the most import
ant. Cotton is also manufactured to consider
able extent ; also a good deal is done at distil
lation and brewing.
Rivers, fac. The principal rivers are the Shan
non, Barrow, Foyle, Bann, Liffey, Blackwater,
Boyne, Slaney, Bandon, Lee, and Suir. The
most considerable lakes are Lough Neagh,
Lough Erne, Lough Corrib, and the lake of
Killarney. Face of the country, fac The face of the
country is agreeably diversified; but a small
part of it is mountainous. The mountains are
chiefly in the western parts. One of the most
striking features is the immense extent of bogs,
which disfigure the country. The soil is gener
ally a fertile loam of no great depth, with a
rocky substratum .
Productions. The principal productions are
grass, potatoes, oats, wheat, barley, flax, hemp,
fac. Oats are extensively used for food. It is
calculated, that throughout the country there
are 10 acres of oats to one of all other kinds of
grain. Ireland has been long celebrated for its
immense quantities of potatoes, as well as for
their excellent quality.
Climate. The climate is healthy and temper
ate ; cooler in summer and warmer in winter
than England; but humid, and often foggy. At
Limerick the thermometer never rises above
72 deg., or sinks below 28 deg. — There are
neither moles nor toads, nor any kind of ser
pents in Ireland.
Minerals. Marble of great beauty is found in
several counties. Mines of coal, lead, iron,
and copper are not unfrequent.
Ireland, one of the Bermuda islands.
Ireland's Eye, small isl. at the entrance into
Dublin harbour.
Irelly, X. Hind., Golconda; 35 E. Hydrabad.
Ireman, X. Cachar ; 22 K. Cospour.
Irene, an ancient name of Ireland.
Irenopolis, now Bagdad.
Irew, X. on SE. coast of the island of Timor.
Lon. 126. 3. E. Lat. 8. 45. S.
Irganong, X. Hind., in Baglana; 20 SE. Saler
Mouler. Irgis, r. Russia, which runs into the Volga,
near Volsk.
Irgiskoe, t. Russia, in Saratov, on Irgis ; 96
E. Volsk.
Iri, X. Africa, in Congo.
Iria, Iria-Flavia, now Voghera, and Pedron.
Irjab, X. Candahar ; 40 SE. Cabul. Lon. 69.
8. E. Lat. 33. 50. N.
Irigny, X. France, in Rhone ; 6 S. Lyons.
Iriju, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 51. 30. W. Lat. 0. 58. N.
Iris, now Jekil-ermak.
Irish Sea, that part of the Atlantic which is
between the coasts of Ireland and Great Britain.
Irassari, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 10
SW. St. Palais. Pop. 1,030.
Iris, see Goof Island.

ISA

790

ISL

Iritiba, r. Brazil which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 21. S.
Irizch, see Rizeh.
Irk, r. Eng., in Lancashire, which runs into
the Irwell, near Manchester.
Irken, or Jerkin, or Yarkan, see Yarkan.
Irkineeva, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 160 ENE.
Eniseisk. Lon. 96. E. Lat. 58. 50. N.
Irkul, r. Russia, which runs into the Angara,
opposite to Irkutsk.
Irkutsk, X. Russia, and capital of a govern
ment and a circle to which it gives name,
on the Angara ; 840 ESE. Kolivan, 1,248 ESE.
Tobolsk. Lon. 104. 11. E. Lat 62. 16. N.
Pop. in 1787, 11,292. H. 1,508, mostly of wood.
Pop. in 1815, about 15,000. Greek abp. see. It
is situated on a fine plain, at the junction ofthe
Irkut with the Angara, a considerable distance
from the entrance into lake Baikal. It contains
33 churches, 2 cloisters, a seminary, a popular
school, a school for the Japanese language and
navigation, and a hospital for the small pox. It
is the residence of the officers of government,
and the station of a considerable body of troops.
It is a place of greater commercial importance
than any other in Siberia, having an advanta
geous situation, and being the residence of
many merchants engaged in the trade between
Russia and China. It is connected by its posi
tion with three commercial routes, that of Ki-
akta, that of eastern Siberia and Kamtschatka,
and that of western Siberia and Russia.
Irkutsk, or Irkourisk, or Irkutskoi, govern
ment, Russia, containing all that part of Siberia
which lies beyond the 107th deg. E. Lon.;
bounded N. by the Frozen sea, E. by the N.
Pacific ocean, S. by Chinese Tartary, and W.
by Kolivan and Tobolsk. It is the largest arid
least populous of all the Russian governments,
and is divided into the 4 provinces of Irkutsk,
Nertchinsk, Yakutsk, and Ochotsk, from the 4
principal towns, and includes foe Aleutian,
Kurile, fac, islands. Sq. m. about 2,700,000.
Pop. 661,700.
Irma-hissar, X. Natolia ; 40 SE. Castamena.
Irnee, X. Hind., in Mahur; 38 N. Mahur.
Iron Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near the coast of Siam. Lou.98.E. Lat. 12.35. N.
Irondequol Bay, narrow bay, Monroe co. N.
Y., extending from the south side of lake Onta
rio, about 5 miles in length ; 6 E. Genesee river.
Irongray, X. Scot, in Kircudbrightshire ; 16
E- Kircudbright.
Iron Mountains, mountains, which divide Ten
nessee from N. Carolina. Lon. 83. W. Lat. 35.
25. N.
Iroquois Indians, see Six Nations.
Irpin, r. Russia, which formed the boundary
line between that part of the palatinate of Kiev
which was added to Russia, and that which was
left to Poland, and runs into the Dnieper, above
Kiev. Irrawaddy, or Ava, or Kenpou, or Iravati, the
principal river of the Birman empire. Its source
has never been explored, but is supposed to be
in the eastern part of Thibet. It enters the
Birman dominions about Lat. 25. N., and di
recting its course to the WSW., passes by the
cities of Ummerapoora and Ava. In Lat. 7. 50.,
it divides into 2 branches, one running SW. by

the town of Persaim, the other SE. by Rangoon;
but these branches are again subdivided into ma
ny streams, which are met by the tide. It is not
navigable even for flat bottomed boats, farther
than the mouritains which divide Ava from
China. In the rainy season it is about a mile
wide at Ummerapoora, and very deep ; the rest
of the year it is j mile wide, and 8 feet deep.
Length, estimated at upwards of 1,000 miles.
Irrsumit, X. East Greeland. Lon. 45. 36. W.
Lat. 61. 10. N.
Irrsoa, small isl. near the coast of Portugal,
on S. side of the mouth of the Minho. Lon. 8.
36. W. Lat. 41. 50. N.
Irt, r. Eng., in Cumberland, which runs into
the Irish sea, near Ravenglass.
Irlelzkoi, fortress, Russia, in Upha, on the
Ural ; 88 W. Orenburg.
Irlhing, r. Cumberland, which runs into the
Eden, 2 E. Carlisle.
Irthingborough, t. Eng., Northamptonshire,
2 NW. Higham Ferrars.
Irtisch, large r. Asia, which rises in the moun
tains of Tartary, flows into the Russian terri
tory, passes by Omsk and Tobolsk, and joins
the Oby, 200 N. Toholsk. Length 1,180 miles.
Iruela, X. Spain, in Jaen ; 19 E. Ubeda. Pop.
2,200. Inan, see Erivan.
Irville, p-v. Muskingum co. Ohio; 12 NW.
Zanesville, 47 E. Columbus, W. 384.
Irvine, p-t. & cap. Estill co. Ken. ; 67 Frank
fort, W. 555.
Irvine, s-p, Scot., and royal borough, in Ayr
shire, situated at the mouth of a river of the
same name ; 12 N. Ayr, 25 SW. Glasgow. Lon.
4. 34. W. Lat. 55. 39. N. Pop. 5,750. The prin
cipal trade is exporting coal to Ireland ; the
harbour is near half a mile from the town. In
the year 1790, the number of vessels which be
longed to this port was 51, the tonnage of
which amounted to 3,682 tons.
Irvine, r. Scot, which rises in some moun
tains that form a boundary between the coun
ties of Ayr and Lanerk, and runs into the Frith
of Clyde, a little below the town of Irvine.
Irun, or Iron, see Fran.
Irvon, or Yrkon, r. Wales, which runs into
Wye, at Builth, in Brecknock.
Irwell, r. Eng., Lancashire, which runs into
the Mersey, 7 miles above Warrington.
Irwin, X. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 405.
Irwin, co. Georgia. Pop. 411.
Irwinton, p-t. Wilkinson co. Georgia ; 18 S.
by W. Milledgeville, W. 699. It contains a
court house, a jail, and a Methodist meeting
house. Is, now Hit.
Is sur Title, X. France, in Cote d'Or, nearthe
Tille ; 23 N. Dijon. Pop. 1,589.
Isaac Rock, rocky islet among the Bahamas.
There are 4 or 5 others near. Lon. 81. W. Lat.
25. 48. N.
Isaac's Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio, 1 mile below Manchester.
Isabad, X. Persia, in Irac ; 50 S. Hamadan.
Isabe, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 50 NW. Jedo.
Isabella, small isl. near the coast of Brazil;
25 SW. from the mouth ofthe St. Francisco.
Isabella, t. on N. coast of Hispaniola,builtby

ISE

791

ISK

Christopher Columbus, in the year 1493. Lon.
71.0. W. Lat. 19.55. N.
Isabella Furnace, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va. ;
W. 138.
Isabella River, see Ozama.
Isatsig, X. Croatia ; 8 NNW. Bihacs.
Isago, countiy, Africa, NW. of Benin.
Isaklu, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 12 NW
AlcsQcn r.
Isakova, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia; 60 NE.
Jassy. Isakzi, X. Eu. Turkey, situated on the Dan
ube ; 26 W.Ismail. Lon. 29. 9. E. Lat. 45. 18. N.
Isandora, X. Angola, on the Coanza; 25 S.
Loando. Isantse-Aghisi, X. Natolia ; 12 W. Eregri.
Isar, X. Bavaria ; 3 N. Hof.
Isar, see Iser.
Isara, now Isere, and Oise.
Isarek, see Shadman.
Isaria, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 8 W. Ni-
castro. Isarria, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; US.
Squillace. Isauria, country, Asia Minor, N of Cilicia ;
E. of Pisidia : now a part of Caramania.
Isbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Ulse, 7
SE. Manderscheidt.
Isbarteh, (an. Boris,) X. A. Turkey, in Natolia,
foe residence of a pacha. The Greeks have 4
churches in the fauxbourgs ; 92 S. Kiutaja.
Lou. 30. 56. E. Lat. 37. 44. N.
Isbaster, one of the smaller Shetland islands.
Lon. 0. 58. W. Lat. 60. 34. N.
Isbeliburg, t. Egypt, on the coast of the Med
iterranean ; 4 S. Damietta.
Isbellsville, p-v. Christian co. Ken. ; W. 745.
Isby, X. Sweden, in Halland ; 6 SE. Laholni.
Isca, & Isaca, see Ex, and Exeter.
Iscampi, (an. Scampis,) X. Eu. Turkey, in Al
bania ; 6 SW. Albasani.
hear, t. Spain, in Old Castile ; 24 NNW. Se
govia. Ischalis, now Ivelchester.
Ischel, X. Upper Austria, near the source of
the Traun ; 19 S. Volcklabruck, 27 SE Salz
burg. Pop. 4,500. It is remarkable for salt
works. Ischia, (an. Pithecusa, AZnaria, Arime, and
Inarime,) isl. in the Mediterranean, 6 miles from
foe coast pf Naples, about 10 miles in circ
Lon. 13. 56. E. Lat. 40. 50. N. Pop. 22,479. Sq.
m. 25. It contains several high hills, one of
which is 2,300 feet above the sea. It is fertile
in fruits, and abounds in game. The white wine
is much esteemed. The air is healthy , on which
account it is much resorted to by invalids, as it
is but a small distance from thet continent, and
hardly more than 4 leagues from Naples. Ischia,
the capital town, is situated on N. coast of the
island, and is a bp. see, with 3,101 inhabitants.
Ischim, r. Russia, which runs into the Irtisch,
Lon. 90. E. Lat. 57. 45. N. Length 350 miles.
Ischim, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the river
Ischim ; 108 S. Tobolsk, 300 E. Ekaterinburg.
Lon. 69. 14. E. Lat. 56. 10. N. Pop. 750.
Ischimskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the con
flux ofthe Ischim and Oby; 112 E. Tobolsk.
Ischua, p-t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. ; 15 E. Elli-
cbttsvillo, W. 368. Pop. 1,453.

Ise, r. which runs Into the Alter, near Gif-
horn, in Lunebprg.
Isefiord, large bay or gulf of Denmark, on N;
coast of Zealand. Lon. of the mouth, 11. 50.
Lat 55. 69. N.
Iseghem, t. Neth., West Flanders ; 20 SSW.
Bruges. Pop. 6,847.
Isen, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Inn,
opposite to NewOettingen.
Isen, X. Bavaria ; 15 ESE. Freisingen, 24
ENE. Munich. Pop. 890.
Isenacum, see Eisenach.
Isenburg, or Upper Isenburg, principality, Ger.,
situated in the Wetterau, about 30 miles long,
and 10 wide, on foe borders of foe county of
Hanau ; subject partly to Hesse Cassel, and
partly to Hesse Darmstadt. Pop. 47,457. Sq.
m. 318. — Isenburg, a principality, belonging to
Hesse Cassel, erected since 1816, contains
16,200 inhabitants, and 137 sq. miles.
Isenburg, X. Nassau, on foe Iser, and sur
rounded with sharp rocks, on one of which is a
castle, built by Charlemagne ; 10 N. Coblentz,
Lon. 7. 35. E. Lat. 50. 30. N.
Isenburg, X. Prus. Mark ; 4 W. Hattingen.
Isenburg, (New,) X. Hesse Darmstadt, in Isen
burg, founded by French refugees ; 3 S. Frank
fort on the Maine, 4 SW. Offenbach. Lon. 8.
38. E. Lat. 50. 3. N. Pop. 894.
Isendick, see Ysendick.
Isenhagen, X. Han., Luneburg ; 24 ENE. Zelle.
Iseo, (an. Sebino,) X. Italy, on a lake to which
it gives name, through which foe river Oglio
takes its course ; 12 NW. Brescia, 40 NE. Mi
lan. Pop. 1,800.
Iser, or Isar, r. Bavaria, which rises about 5
miles N. from Innspruck, passes by Munich,
Mospurg, Landshut, Dingelfingen, Landau, fac.
and runs into the Danube, 2 m. below Deck-
endorf. Length 140 miles.
Iser, or Isar, circle, Bavaria, in foe southern
part, bordering on Tyrol. Pop. 503,038, mostly
Catholics. Sq. m. 5,772. Chief town, Munich.
Iser, r. Flanders, which rises about 4 SE.
Mont Cassel, and runs into the Yperle, near
Fort Kenoque.
Iser, r. Bohemia, which runs into the Elbe,
near Alt Buntzlau.
Isere, (an. Isara,) r. which rises in the Alps;
about 12 miles from Mount Cenis, in a moun
tain, called Iseran, in the duchy of Savoy,
passes by Monstier, Montmelion, Sic, in Savoy.
After entering France, it passes by Grenoble,
St. Quentin, Romans, fac. and joins the Rhone,,
about 3 m. above Valence. It is navigable for
boats as far as Montmelian.
Isere, dep. France, constituted ofthe hereto
fore Dauphiny, about 80 miles in length, and
from 25 to 35 in breadth. It takes its name
from the river Isere, which crosses it. It is divid
ed into 4 arrondissements, Grenoble, the capi
tal ; La Tour-du-Pin, St. Marcellin, and Vienne.
Sq. m. 3,440. Pop. 471,660 ; 7,000 Protestants.
Iserlohn, or Lohn, X. Pru. Westphalia, Arens
berg ; 32 NE. Cologne. Lon. 7. 40. E. Lat. 51.
18. "N. Pop. 5,473. Lutheran churches 2, Cal-
vinist 1, Catholic 1. The manufactures of the
place are considerable in iron, tin, ribbons,
velvets, silks, stuffs, fac.
Isemia, (an. JEsernia,) X. Naples, in the Mo-

ISL

793

ISL

Use, situated at the foot of the Apennines ; 12
WSW. Molise, 32 N. Capua. Lon. 14. 2. E. Lat.
41. 38. N. Pop. 4,938. Bp. see.
Iset, r. Russia, which runs into the Tobol,
near Yalutorovsk.
Iselsk, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Iset ; 44
WSW. Yalutorovsk. Pop. 2,000.
Isgaard, X. Denmark, in North Jutland, on a
peninsula in the Baltic ; 7 ENE. Aarhuus.
Isgaur, or Isgaoun, or Isguria, or Iskuriah,
(an. Dioscurias, and Sebastopolis,) X. Mingrelia,
on E. coast of the Black sea, with a road for
ships, tolerably good in the summer ; 125 NW.
Cotatis. Lon. 40. 32. E. Lat. 43. 18. N.
Isgel, X. Tyrolese ; 8 SW. Landeck.
Ishera, X. Bengal, near Calcutta.
Isigny, X. France, in Channel; 9 W. Mortain,
9 SSE. Avranches.
Isigny, X. France, Calvados ; 5 E. Carentan,
29 WNW. Caen. Lon. 1. W. Lat. 49. 19. N.
Pop. 1,829.
Isikova, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 20 SSW. Kana-
zava. Isima, X. Piedmont; 19 E. Aosta.
Isime, X. Thibet ; 25 E. Haracnar.
Isis, r. Eng., a branch of the Thames, which
rises near Minchinhampton, in Gloucestershire,
and joins the main stream, near Lechlade.
Isit, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Lena. Lon.
123. 50. E. Lat. 61. N.
Iskarskoigorbd, X. Russia, Tobolsk ; 320 SW.
Obdorskoi. Lon. 59. 14. E. Lat. 60. 5. N.
Iskaskagamagts, (Lake,) lake, Canada ; SO
NW. Quebec. Lon. 72. 25. W. Lat. 47. 50. N.
Isker, r. Wales, which runs into the Usk, 2
W. Brecknock.
Iskib, see Eskelib.
Iskim,i. Persia, which runs into foe Arabian
sea, Lon. 57. 9. E. Lat. 25. 45. N.
Iskudar, or Iskodar, see Scutari.
Iskorosc, X. Volhynia ; 48 N. Zytomiers.
Iskuriah, see Isgaur.
Isla, r. Scot, which rises in Angusshire, and
runs into the Tay, 10 N. Perth.
Isla, see Ha.
Isla de Leon, city, Spain, in Seville ; 10 SE.
Cadiz. Lon. 6.12. W. Lat. 28. 36. N. Pop.
45,000. The streets are wide, and many of the
houses large, and the city displays a mixture of
grandeur and poverty. The inhabitants are in
a great measure supported by the works car
ried on at the neighbouring arsenal, and the
dock yard of Caraccas.
Islamabad, or Chittagong, t. Bengal, and cap
ital of Chittagong, on the river Chittagong, or
Currumfully, about 12 miles from the Bay of
Bengal ; 230 E. Calcutta. Lon. 91.42. E. Lat.
22. 22. N. It is the residence of the judge and
civil establishment of the district, and has con
siderable trade. Ships are built here and sent
to Calcutta. The Baptist missionary society
have 2 missionaries here.
Islamabad, small province Bengal, between
Goragot and Patladah.
Islamabad, X. Cashmere, on N. side of the
river Jhylynr. Lon. 74. 7. E. Lat. 34. 6.
N. It is of considerable extent. The houses
are of stone, and have gardens on the roofs.
The principal manufacture is that of shawls.
Islec, X. Hind, in Qude ; 40 S. Bahraitch.

Islamnagur, X. Hind, in Bopal ; 10 NNE. Bo-
paltol. Islampour, t. Hind.Nagore; 36NE.Didwana.
Islampour, X. Hind, in Bahar ; 28 S. Patna.
Lon. 85. 23. E. Lat. 25. 8. N.
Islampour, t. Hind, in Visiapour ; 15 SW.
Currer. Islampour, X. Hind, in Jyenagur ; 70 NNW.
Jyepour. Islamti, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 30 SSE.
Kaisarieh. Island Bay, bay on E. coast of the isl. of
Paraguay. Lon. 118. 63. E. Lat. 6. 15. N.
Island Creek, X. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop.
1,617. Island Lake, lake N. A., W. of Hudson's Bay,
full of islands. Lon. 102. 25. W. Lat. 60.
45. N.
Island Magie, peninsula, Ireland, in the coun
ty of Antrim, on the coast of the North Chan
nel of the Irish sea ; 6 miles long, and 1 broad ;
N. ofthe entrance into Belfast lough.
Islas Estolas, cluster of small islands in the
Atlantic, near the coast of Spain. Lon. 8. 55.
W. Lat. 42. 12. N.
Islas Medas, 3 small islands in the Mediter
ranean, near foe coast of Spain. Lon. 3. 4. E.
Lat. 42. 3. N.
Islas Osas, rocky islets Atlantic, near the
coast of Spain. Lon. 8. 56. W. Lat. 42. 17. N.
Islas de Seyas, see Bayona Islands.
Islas de Sisarga, cluster of small islands in
the Atlantic, near foe coast of Spain. Lon. 8.
50. W. Lat. 43. 23. N.
Isle (L',) X. France, in Tarn, on the Tarn ;
5 SW. Gailac, 23 NNE. Toulouse. Pop. 5,402.
Isle Adam, (L',) t.France, in Seine-and-Oise,
on the Oise ; 6 NNE. Pontoise. Pop. 1,309.
Isle, (L\) or L'Isle Aumont, X. France, in
Aube, on a small river, which soon after runs
into the Seine ; 6 S. Troyes.
Isle Bouchard (L\) t. France, in Indre-and-
Loire, surrounded by the Vienne ; 9 ESE.
Chinon, 21 SSW. Tours. Pop. 1,000.
Isle Boudouin (L',) or Isle Bouin, X. France,
in Vendee, on an island of the same name,
about five miles long, on the coast ; 9 NW.
Challans. Pop. 2,000.
Isle of Cerfi small island in the English chan
nel, near the coast of France. Lon. 3. 25. W.
Lat, 48. 53. N.
Isle en Dodon, (L\) or L'Isle Dodon, X. France,
in Upper-Garonne ; 18 NNE. St. Gaudens. Pop.
.1,060. Isle sur le Doubs, (L',) X. France, in Doubs,
on the Doubs; 11 NE. Baume les Dames, 5
NE. Clerval. Pop. 620.
Isle of Hookset Falls, N. H., on the Merri
mack, between Dunbarton and Chester; 400
rods below the entrance of Suncook river, 8
miles above Amoskeag Falls, 8 S. by E. Con
cord. These falls are shunned by a canal, and
a bridge is erected across the river at the falls,
over which passes the Londonderry Turnpike,
Here is a small village, containing a post-of
fice. W. 497.
Isle Jourdain, (V,) t. France, principal place
of a district, in Gers, on the Save ; 7 E. Auch,
9 SE. Lectoure. Lon. 1. 10. E. Lat. 43, 37.
N. Pop. 4,068. It was once fortified, but the
castle and walls have been destroyed.

ISM

793

ISO

Isle Jourdain, (L'J X. France, in Vienne ; 13
SSW. Mont Morillon, 24 SSE. Poitiers. Lon.
0. 45. E. Lat. 46. 15. N. Pop. 448.
Isle Madame, (L'J fort, France, in Lower-
Charente, at the mouth of the Charente ; 7 W.
Rochefort. Isle des Moins, isl. France, in lake Morbihan,
with a town ; 5 SSW. Vannes.
Isle de Noe, X. France, Gers ; 5 N. Mirande.
Isle Grande, or La Rochi, isl. in the S. Pa
cific ocean. Lat. 45. S.
Isle Plate, small island in the English chan
nel, near the coast of France. Lon. 3. 24. W.
Lat 48. 53.
Isle of Wight, co. SE. part of Va., bounded
N. by James river, SE. by Nansemond co. W.,
by Southampton co., and NW. by Surry co.
Pop. in 1810, 9,186 ; slaves 4,041. Pop. 1820,
10,139. Chief town, Smithfield. C. H. 12
SW. Smithfield.
Ide Royal, isl. U. S. in NW. part of Lake Su
perior, 100 miles long, and 42 broad.
Islesborough, X. Hancock co. Maine ; 4 SW.
Castine, 220 NE. Boston. Pop. 639. It is sit
uated on Long Island, which lies in the centre
of Penobscot Bay, and is 12 miles long, and 2
broad. Isleben, see Eisleben.
Islets, (Les Grandes,) X. France, in Meuse ;
3 W. Clermont.
Isleworlh. v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the banks
of the Thames, opposite to Richmond ; 8 W.
London. Pop. 4,661.
Islington, populous village, Eng. in Middle
sex, nearly joined to London towards the N.
Pop. 10,212.
Islip, p-t. Suffolk co. N. Y., on the S. side of
Long-Island ; 50 E. New-York, W. 276. Pop.
1,156. Islip, v. Eng. in Oxford ; 6 N. Oxford. Here
was formerly a royal palace, in which Edward
the Confessor was born.
Ismadabs, X. Japan, Niphon ; 125 NW. Jedo.
Ismaelpour, X. Bengal ; 6 E. Boglipour.
Ismaelpour, X. Hind. Bahar; 38 SW. Patna.
Ismail, or Ismailow, X. Russ. in Bessarabia, on
N. side of the Danube, about 33 miles from the
Black Sea ; 144 SW. Otchakov, 268 N. Con
stantinople. Lon. 28. 50. E. Lat. 45. 21. N.
Pop. 10,000. The town of Ismail contains 17
mosques, and measures about a mile toward
foe land, and half a mile by the side of the
Danube, and was fortified with 8 bastions. The
ramparts are in general 18 feet in height, in
some parts 25. — This place was taken by storm,
on the 22d of December, 1790, by the Russians,
under General Suwarrow : foe Russians were
several times repulsed, and lost, in the siege,
10,000 men. According to the account, as
published at Petersburg, the Turkish garrison
were put to death after the surrender, and
30,000 men massacred in cold blood. The
booty found was immense ; 230 pieces of can
non, many magazines, powder, bombs, and
balls ; 346 standards, an abundance of provis
ions, 10,000 horses, fac, to the value, as cal
culated, of 10,000,000 piastres.
Ismaning, t. Bavaria, which gave name to a
county, sold to the bishop of Freisengen, on
the Isler ; 8 NNE. Munich, 9 SSW. Freisingen.
Vol.1. 100 5

Imid, or Is Nickmid, (an. Nicomedid,) t. A.
Turkey, in Natolia, situated on a gulf or bay of
the sea of Marmora ; 45 ESE. Constantinople.
Lon. 29. 34. E. Lat. 40. 39. N. Pop. 30, or
40,000. It is the residence of a pacha. The
Greeks and Armenians have each an archbish
op residing here. It has a delightful situation,
but exhibits no traces of its former greatness.
Nicomedia was once a large and beautiful city,
the capital Bithynia, and for a short time of
the Roman empire.
Ismid, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 24ESE.
Cogni. Ismil, (an. PsibelaJ X. A.Turkey, in Carama
nia ; 30 E. Cogni, 35 SW. Akserai.
Ismir, see Smyrna.
Ismokil, small isl. on E. side of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 20. E. Lat. 63. 16. N.
Ismin, see Swingk.
Isnagar, or Isnajar, X. Spain, in Cordova ;
10 S^ Lucena. - Pop. 2,600.
Isnello, X. Sicily, in the valley of Demona ;
13 S. Cefalu.
Isnik, (an. Nice,) X. A. Turkey, in Natolia ;
60 SE. Constantinople. Lon. 29. 50. E. Lat.
40. 16. N. Greek abp. see. It is situated on a
lake which abounds with fish, and has a com
munication with the sea of Marmora. It was
for a short time the capital or Bithynia. The
ancient walls are 4 miles in circuit, but the
space between them is filled up with ruins,
gardens, tobacco plantations, and about 100
wretched hovels, built of mud and wood. Silk
forms the principle article of trade. The cel
ebrated council of Nice was held here in 325,
and the Nicene creed promulgated as the arti
cle of faith. A second council was held here
in 787.
Isny, or Fsni, t. Wurt, lately imperial ; 20
NE. Lindau, 40 S. Ulm. Lon. 9. 58. E. Lat.
47. 45. N. Pop. 2,198. It is situated in the
Algau, betwixt the counties of Hoheneck and
Trauchburg, and the lordship of Eglof.
Isola, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 15 SE.
St. Serverina. Lon. 17. 24. E. Lat. 39. 2. N.
Bp. see. Pop. 2,751.
Isola, (L'J X. Naples, in Lavora, on a small
island in the Garigliano; 5S. Sora. Pop. 2,568.
Isola, X. Istria, built on an isthmus which ex
tends a considerable distance into the sea ; 7
S. Capo d'Istria. Lon. 13. 40. E. Lat. 45. 37.
N. Pop. 2,780. The environs are celebrated
for wine.
Isola, X. Piedmont ; 4 S. by W. Asti. Pop.
2,319. Isola, r. which rises in the mountains of Ty
rol, and runs into the Drave, near Hentz.
Isola Attn, X. Italy; 11 NNE. Mantua.
Isola de Dovaresi, X. Italy, on the Oglio ; 12
NE. Cremona.
Isola Poccarizza, X. Italy ; 18 NE. Mantua.
Isola Grossa, see Grossa.
Isola delle Femine, small isl. nearW. coast of
Sicily, formerly a place of banishment for
women. Isola Sacra, small isl. at the mouth ofthe Ti*
ber, near Ostia.
Isola delle Scala, X. Italy, Verona ; 13 S. Ve-_
rona. Isolaccio, t. Corsica ; 38 N. Porto Vec/chio,
39 SSE. Corte.

ISP

794

ISS

Isoletla, X. Italy ; 16 S. Brescia.
Isona, X. Spain, Catalonia ; 24 N. Ballaguer.
Isordskick or Krotza, X. Servia ; 8 W. Semen-
dria, 14 SE. Belgrade.
Ispagnac, t. France, in Lozere ; 5 NNW.
Florae Pop. 1,917.
Ispahan, Isfahan or Spahawn, (an. Aspa-
dona,) city, Persia, in Irak, formerly the cap
ital of the whole country ; 260 NE. Bassora.
Lon. 61. 60 E. Lat. 32. 25. N. The popula
tion was formerly estimated by some travellers,
probably with much exaggeration, at 1,100,000.
Chardin, in 1686, stated it 600,000. According
to Olivier, it was reduced, in 1796 to 50,000.
In 1800 it was stated at 100,000. Morier stat
ed it in 1808, from Persian authorities, at
400,000; but in his second journey, at 60,000.
Kinnier states it at 200,000. According to
Chardin, the walls were 24 miles in circuit, and
contained 162 mosques, 48 colleges, 1,802
caravanseras, and 273. public baths. A great
part of the city is at present a mass of ruins,
with here and there an inhabited house. It is
situated on the river Zenderout Under the
caliphs of Bagdad It became the capital of the
province of Irak. Being situated in the cen
tre ofthe empire, and surrounded by the most
fertile territories, it soon became a place of
great population, wealth, and.trade. In 1387
it was taken by Timur Bee, and the citizens
were given up to indiscriminate massacre, ami
70,000 are said to have perished. Shah Abbas
made it the seat of his empire, and spated no
cost in embellishing it with the most splen
did edifices. In 1722 it was taken by the
Afghans, but in 1727 it was retaken by Nadir
Shah ; since which it has not been a royal
residence. The great palace built of Shah
Abbas, is said to have been 5 miles in circuit ;
a great part of which space, however, was laid
out in gardens, 10 in number, adorned with
summer houses, and other elegant structures.
The walls and buildings of this palace remain
nearly entire, but it has been stripped of nearly
all its costly furniture, and every thing valuable
that could be removed. The square, called
Meyden, was equally distinguished; 4 ¦ m. in
length ; formerly encircled by a canai, border
ed with plane trees ; but all vestiges of both are
now obliterated. Another remarkable object
is the Chaur Baug, (four gardens,) a name giv
en to an avenue of more than a mile, reaching
from the Meyden to the mountains east of Is
pahan, composed of 4 rows of large and beauti
ful plane trees, with canals and basins to receive
the waters of the Zenderout. There are sever
al handsome bridges in the city, and the
mosques display great magnificence. The pri
vate buildings have a mean appearance ; built
of bricks dried in the sito ; but within they are
handsome and convenient. The streets are
narrow, winding, irregular, unpaved, and very
dusty. When Ispahan was in its prosperi
ty, its suburbs were distinguished for their ex
tent and beauty. The principal one, Julfa,
is now reduced from 12,000 to 600 families,
Armenians, Circassians, and Georgians. The
manufactures of the city are still extensive, and
it is famous for its gold brocade. It is also the
emporium of foe inland commerce of Persia.

Isperlick, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia; 24 NNE,
Nissa. Isperud, or Sebdura, r. Persia, which runs in
to the Caspian sea, near Reshd.
Ispira, (an. HispiratisJ X. Turkish Armenia ;
74 NE. Erzerum, 100 E. Trebisond.
Isquintia, X. Guatimala; 30 WNW. Guatimla.
Lon. 93. W. Lat 14. 32. N.
Isquitenango, X. Mexico, Yucatan ; 90 S.
Chiapa dos Espagnols.
Isquitepec, t. Mexico, in Guaxaca ; 40 WNW.
Guaxaca. Israel, r. N. H. which runs into the Connecti
cut, in Lancaster.
Israel, X. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 838.
Issa, now Lissa.
Issagunge, X. Oude ; 35 NE. Kairabad.
Issah, r. Hind, which rises in the Dooab, and
runs into the Ganges, 20 SSE. Canoge.
Issapour, X. Hind. Oude ; 25 NE. Lucknow.
Issawarra, X. Oude ; 15 SE. Kairabad.
Isse, see Ise.
Isse Head, cape, Denmark, at N. extremity of
Samsoe. Lon. 10. 26 E. Lat. 56. 3. N.
Issedon, now Tantabee.
Issel, r. Neth., which branches off from
the Rhine, near Arnheim, passes by Doesburg,
Zutphen, Deventer, and Campen, and runs in
to the Zuyder zea, near the latter town.
Issel, r. Holland, which passes by Isselstein,
Montfort, Gouda, fac and runs into the Meuse,
2 miles above Rotterdam.
Issel, (OldJ r. which rises in Cleves, and
Issel, at Doesburg.
Isselbach, X. Nassau ; 4 NW. Holzapfel.
Isselburg, X. Pru. Cleves, on the Issel, con
taining a Lutheran and Calvinist ch.; 14 ENE.
Cleves. Lon. 2. 26.E. Lat. 51. 60. N. Pop. 401.
Isselhorst, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Minden, on
the Lutter; 22 NW. Paderborn. Pop. 924.
Isselmonde, isl. in the Meuse, opposite Rot
terdam, with a town on it of the same name,
containing 1,070 inh.; 3 SW. Rotterdam.
Isselorl, X. Neth. in Guelderland, situated at
the separation of the Rhine and the Issel, near
Arnheim. Isselstein, X. Neth. in Utrecht, on the Issel ; 5
S. Utrecht, 21 S. Amsterdam. Pop. 2,022. It
is the capital of a small territory.
Issenbron, X. Bav., 6 ENE. Aichstatt
Issengeaux, or Yssengeaux, X. France, in Up
per-Loire, the seat of a tribunal ; 9 S. Monis-
trol, 12 NE. Le Puy. Lon. 4. 10. E. Lat. 45.
8. N. Pop. 6,482.
Isser, (an. AssanusJ r. Algiers, which joins
the Tafna, near its mouth.
Issesucar, t. Java, on S. coast ; 20 SW. Ba
tavia. Issi, mt. Arabia, in Yemen ; 8 E. Damir.
Issiga, X. Bavaria ; 5 WNW. Hof.
Issigeac, t. France, in Dordogne ; 9 SSE.
Bergerac, 18 ESE. Belvez. Pop. 921.
Issin, X. Persia, jn Kerman, whither many of
the inhabitants of Gombroon retreat during the
unhealthy season ; 6 N. Gombroon.
Issini, X. Africa, capital of a district on the
Gold coast, at the mouth of the Sueiro da Cos
ta. Lon. 16. 40. E. Lat. 5. 5. N.
Issini, km. Africa, on the Ivory coast, consist
ing of 12 or 13 villages.

ISU

795

ITA

Issoire, t. France, principal place of a district
in Puy-de-DOme, on the Couze, near foe Al
lier ; 16 SSW. Clermont. Lon. 3. 19. E. Lat.
45. 32. N. Pop. 5,095.
Issoudun, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Indre, on foe Theols ; 8 N. La Chatre,
18 NE. Chateauroux. Lon. 2. 4. E. Lat. 46.
67. N. Pop. 10,265. Chh. 6.
Issum, X. Pru. Cleves ; 6 NE. Guelders. Pop.
1,979. Is sur Title, t. France, principal place of a
district, in Cflte-d'Or, on foe Tille ; 4 N. Dijon,
7 W.Gray. Lon. 5. 9. E. Lat. 47. 30. N. Pop.
1,598. Issus, now Aias.
Issy, t. France, in Seine ; 3 SSW. Paris.
Issy I'Eveque, X. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ;
9 NE. Bourbon Lancy, 19 SSW. Autun. Pop.
1,707. Istachar, see Eslachar.
Itambolie, or Istabel Antar, see Estambolie.
Istan, X. Spain, in Grenada ; 6 SE. Monda.
Istanna, country, Africa, E. of Benin.
Istapa, t Guatimala ; 15 SW. Villa Her-
mosa. Istapa, t. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 30 SE.
Zacatula. Lon. 102. 46. W. Lat. 18. 10. N.
Istapa, X. Mexico, Culiacan ; 40 E. Culiacan.
Istapan, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, ; 15 NE.
St. Miguel.
Istechia, X. Morea, in the gulf of Coron; 7 S.
Scardamula. Istefan, (an. StephaneJ X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 20 N. Sinob.
Istenaz, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 18 W.
Satalia. Istendil, see Tino.
Istepec, X. Guatimala ; 12 N. St. Salvador.
Istiatzka, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Vagai ;
68 S. Tobolsk.
Istib, (an. AstibusJ X. Macedonia ; 72 N.
Saloniki. Lon. 22. 48. E. Lat 41. 50. N.
Millar, X. Macedonia ; 56 SE. Saloniki.
Istizer, X. Russia, Tobolsk ; 24 ESE. Tobolsk.
Istlan, X. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 60 NW.
Mechoacan. Islres, X. France, in Moufos-of-the-Rh6ne ;
ISSE. Aries. Pop. 2,111.
Istria, (an HistriaJ peninsula, Austrian em
pire, in Iliyria ; bounded on all sides by the
sea, except towards the N. where it is joined
to Carniola. It was anciently a part of Illy-
ricum. Pop. 140,749. Sq. m. 1,570; of this,
more than two thirds formerly belonged to the
republic of Venice. It is a rich, fertile tract.
The occupation of the inhabitants consists in
agriculture, the culture of wine and oil, the
rearing of bees; the manufacturing of silk,
leather, tallow, salt; and also in fishing. The
chief towns are Rovigno, Capo d'Istria, and
' ' Istria was confirmed to Austria, in

Fiume 1814.

Islrup, or Oistmp, X. Pru. Minden ; 12 E. Pa-
derborn. Istunala, X. S. A. in Tucuman ; 130 E. St
Miguel de Tucuman.
Istwith, r. Wales, in Cardigan, which runs
into the Irish sea, near Ab'erystwith.
Isubay, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 24. 35.fi.

Isungo, X. Gilolo ; situated about the centre.
Isvora, X. Walachia; 12 ESE. Brancovina.
Isurium, now Aldborough.
Iswetosta, t. Sweden, Skonen ; 8 NE. Chris
tianstadt. Ilabier, X. Borneo ; 30 N. Negara.
Itaboca, X. Brazil, in Para, on the Tocantin ;
90 S. Canuta.
Ilacambim, X. Brazil; 60 N. Villa Nova del
Principe. Itacorussa, X. Brazil, on the Xingis ; 60 SW.
Curupa. Itaka, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 35 S. Ixo.
Itala, r. Chili, which runs into foe Pacific
ocean, Lat. 36. 20. S.
Itala, X. Sicily, in the valley of Demona ; 13
SW. Messina.
Italah, (an. AttaliaJ t. Natolia ; 20 N. Alah-
Sher. Lon. 28. 29. E. Lat. 38. 43. N.
Italica, see Santiponte.
Italu, r. Paraguay, which runs into foe Pa
rana. Italy, X. Ontario co. N. Y., at S. end of Ca
nandaigua lake, on W. side of Jerusalem. Pop.
728. ITALY, countiy, Europe, forming a large
peninsula, bounded N. by Switzerland and
Germany, E. by Carolina and the Adriatic, S.
fa SW. by the Mediterranean, and W. towards
the N. by France. Its length is about 700 m.; its
breadth very unequal ; on the north, along the
Alps, about 350, in the middle about 140, and
at foe extremity of Calabria 75. Its form has
been compared to a boot.
Divisions. Italy is divided by geographers
into three parts ; 1st Northern Italy, including
Piedmont fa the other continental dominions of
the king of Sardinia, the Lombardo-Venetian
kingdom, or Austrian Italy, and the duchies of
Parma and Modena ; 2d Central Italy, compris
ing the Ecclesiastical State, Tuscany, and foe
districts of Lucca, Massa di Carrara, and St.
Marino ; 3d, Southern Italy, consisting of the
kingdom of Naples, or the Two Sicilies.
Italy comprises the 9 following independent
states. Sq. m. Pop.
Kingdom of Naples  43,600  6,712,000
Kingdom of Sardinia  27,400  3,994,000
Lombardo-Venetian km.18,290  4,121,000
States ofthe Church  14,500  2,346,000
Tuscany, grand duchy  8,500  1,180,000
States of Parma  2,280  377,000
States of Modena  2,060  370,000
Duchy ot Lucca  420  138,000
Republic of St. Marino  40  7,000
117,090 19,245,000
The islands of Sicily, Sardinia, the Lipari isl
ands, and Elba, are included in the above table.
Corsica belongs to France; and Malta, Gozzo,
and Camino belong to Great Britain. Savoy,
forming a part of the kingdom of Sardinia, and
included in the above table, is properly no part
of Italy „ „ ,
Cities. The chief cities are Rome, Naples,
Palermo, Milan, Venice, Turin, Florence, Gen
oa, Messina, Catania, Bologna, and Leghorn.
Religion. The established religion through
out Italy is foe Roman Catholic, but all other

ITA

796

ITC

sects are tolerated. There are 38 archbishops ;
foe number of suffragans is indefinite, the pope
creating and suppressing them at pleasure. The
number of inferior ecclesiastics is very great.
Universities, fyc. The Universities are those
of Rome, Bologna, Fadua, Parma, Pisa, Pavia,
Naples, Salerno, Ferrara, Florence, Sienna,
Genoa, Macerata, Perugia, Turin, Palermo,
Catania, and Cagliari. There are learned soci
eties, under the name of academies, at Flo
rence, Rome, Milan, Bologna, fac. The bril
liant period of Italian literature was the 15th
century. Language. The Italian language is derived
from the Latin, and is spoken throughout Italy,
but with various degrees of purity.
Inhabitants. The Italians are well made,
temperate, lively, passionately fond of music ;
irritable, revengeful, and superstitious.
Rivers and Lakes. The country is exceeding
ly well watered with rivers, lakes, and springs.
The principal rivers are the Po, Adige, Brenta,
Arno, Tiber, and Volturno. The largest lakes
are Garda, Lago Maggiora, or Locarno, Luga
no, Como, Lecco, Iseo, Perugia, Bolsena, Ce
lano, and Averno.
Mountains. The Alps lie on the north. The
Apennines extend through the peninsula. Etna
and Vesuvius are celebrated volcanoes.
Aspect of the country. Nothing can exceed
the beauty and diversity of the natural scenery.
The mountains present every variety of form
and elevation, with all the component parts of
picturesque beauty; and the valleys are exceed
ingly delightful.
Gimale. The climate is regarded as the
finest in Europe, but varies considerably in dif
ferent parts. Some parts are unhealthy in the
summer and autumn ; particularly the district,
styled the Maremma, extending from Leghorn
to Terracina, about 200 long, and 40 broad.
Soil and productions. A large proportion of
the soil is fertile, and foe country presents a rich
and varied spectacle of natural products. Good
cultivation is confined to the northern part ; in
the middle and south, agriculture is in a very
backward state. The principal productions are
vines, olives, various other excellent fruits ;
corn, rice, pulse, and various other vegetables;
cotton, fac. — It has also marble fe other valuable
minerals, and its pastures are well stocked with
cattle, sheep, and goats.
/to?i/,(.#Mstnan,)called the Lombardo-Venetian
Kingdom, kingdom of Upper Italy, belonging to
the house of Austria ; bounded N. by Switzer
land and Austria, E. by Carniola, SE. by the
Adriatic, S. by the States of the Church, Mode
na, and Parma, and W. by Piedmont. Lon. 8.
31. to 13. 30. E. Lat. 44. 54. to 46. 40. N It is
divided into two governments, Milan and Ven
ice, which are separated from each other by the
Mincio. Government of Milan.
Delegations. Sq. m. Pop. Capitals.
Milan  670  427,000  Milan.
Como  1,230  ....299,000  Como.
Pavia  .....320  117,000  Pavia.
Lodi..!  390  141,000  Lodi.
Cremona  680  205,000  Cremona.
Mantua..,;,.  „ ..880...  214,000...*.Mantua.

Brescia  ;  1,200,  306,000  Brescia.
Bergamo  1,700  292,000...;...Bergamo.
Sondrio  1,270  81,000  Sondrio.
8,340 2,882,000
Government of Venice.
Delegations. Sq. m. Pop. Capitals.
Venice  620  427,000  Venice.
Padua  860  270,000  Padua.
Verona  1,330  285,000  Verona.
Vicenza  950  311,000  Vicenza.
Treviso  1,310  295,000  Treviso.
Udina  2,880  269,000  Udina.
Belluno  1,460  125,000  Belluno.
Rovigo  540  63,000  Rovigo.

9,950 1,932,000
Total  18,290 4,014,000
Pop. in 1819, stated at 4,121,560
With the exception of the territory bordering
on Switzerland and Germany, the country is
generally level, consisting of large and beautiful
plains, of great fertility, and in a high state of
cultivation. It is frequently styled the garden
of Europe. The productions are corn, wheat,
rice, vines, fruit, silk, flax, hemp, Parmesan or
Lodesan cheese, honey, fac. The country is
watered by the Po and its branches ; also by the
Adige, Brenta, Piave, Livenza, Tagliamento,
and Isonzo. — Though declared to form a mon
archy inseparable from the Austrian empire, it
has a separate constitution, and is governed by
a viceroy, whose residence is at Milan. The
administration of each of the two divisions is
in the hands of a governor and government
college, in subordination to the court of Vi
enna. Italy (Kingdom of) see Cisalpine Republic.
Itamaraca, see Tamaraca.
Itanbira, t Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 36 W.
Villa Rica.
Itanhaem, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lat. 17. 40. S.
Itanham, e. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 24. 15. S.
Hanna, or Estanna, km. Africa, on the Slave
coast, subject to Benin.
Hope, X. Paraguay ; 90 SE. Assumption.
Itapua, X. S. America, in Paraguay, on the
Parana ; 170 SE. Assumption.
Itata, i. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 36. 2. S.
Itata, pr. Chili, watered by the river Itata,
bounded N. by Maule, E. by Chilian, S. by
Puchacay, and W. by the Pacific ocean ; about
20 leagues from E. to W. and 11 from N. to S.
It is very fertile, and produces the best wine in
Chili. Chief town, Coulemu.
Itata, t. S. America, in Chili, on a river of the
same name ; 32 NNE. La Conception.
Rati, X. Buenos Ayres, on the Parana ; 25 NE.
Corrientes. Itchapour, t. Hind., in Ellichpour ; 48 SSW.
Ellichpour, 100 ENE. Aurungabad. Lon. 77. 38.
E. Lat. 20. 28. N.
Itchapour, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 30 SSW. Gan-

jam

Ilchaur, X. Hind., Hindia; 30,N. Hindia.
Ilche, t. Thibet ; 95 SW. Cha-tcheou.
Itching, or Aire, r. Eng., Hants, which rises

ITZ

797

IVO

near Alresford, and runs into Southampton wa
ter, a little below Southampton.
Itchora, r. Russia, which runs into the Lena,
near Itchorska, in Irkutskoi.
Rchorska, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Lena ;
80 NE. Kirensk.
Heng, small isl. in foe E. Indian sea. Lon.
132. 15. E. Lat. 6. 42. S.
Iteri, X. Sardinia ; 12 SE. Sassari.
Itfu, (an. AphroditopoliS,) X. Egypt; 8 S.Tahta.
Ithaca, p-t. fa cap. Tompkins co. N. Y., at the
S. end of Cayuga lake, at the entrance of Fall
creek, and Six-mile creek; 18 S. Ovid, 29 N.
Oswego, 178 W. Albany, W. 347. Pop. 859.
It is a handsome and flourishing village, and
contains a court house, a jail, and valuable mills,
and has considerable trade. A weekly news
paper is published here.
Ithaca, or Theaki, or Val di Compare, or Ce-
falonia Piccolo, one of foe seven Ionian islands,
in the Mediterranean, in the gulf of Patras, be
tween Cephalonia and St Maura. Lon. 21. 1.
E. Lat. 38. 36. N. ; 18 miles long, and 5, where
widest, broad. Sq. m. 90. Pop. 8,000. It is
noted for its rugged and barren aspect, and is
composed chiefly of a great ridge of limestone
rock, rising into abrupt eminences, of which
the highest are the mountains of Stephano and
St. Neritos. But a small part is susceptible of
cultivation. The principal productions are
olives and currants. The inhabitants derive
their chief subsistence from fishing and naviga
tion. Vathi is the principal port. This island
is memorable for being the kingdom of Ulysses.
Ithome, ancient town, Messenia, with a cit
adel, N. of Messene. Here were several tem
ples and statues.
Ilhon, r. Wales, which runs into the Wye, 3
N. Builth.
Iliobara Bay, bay on the coast of Brazil. Lon.
37. 46. W. Lat. 6. 20. S.
Ilkarinskoi, X. Russia, in Kolivan ; 166 ENE.
Kolivan. Lon. 85. 44. E. Lat. 55. 36. N.
Itrabo, X. Spain, in Grenada ; 10 WNW.
Motril. Uri, X. Naples, in Lavora ; 3 SE. Fondi.
Itsch, r. which passes by Coburg, and runs
into the Maine, 1 S. Rattelsdorf.
Itsja, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 10 N. Taisero.
Ittendal, t. Sweden, in Helsingland; 15 N.
Hudwickswall. Iltenweiller, X. France, in Lower Rhine ; 7 W.
Benfelden. liter, r. Hesse, which runs into the Eder, 2
SW. Vohle.
Ilterbeck, r. Ger., which runs into the Meuse,
about 5 miles below Maesyck.
Iller Thai, or liter en Val, or Bergstadt, X
Upper Hesse ; 8 NW. Waldeck, 24 W., Cassel.
Ittergau, fertile district, Upper Hesse, water
ed by the Itter.
Ilu, X. Buenos Ayres, on the Parana ; 130 E.
Corrientes. Itueto, X. Spain, in Leon ; 13 SSW. Civdad
Rodrigo. Iturea, ancient province, Syria, between Pal
estine and Damascus.
Iturissa, see Sanguesa.
Itwa, X. Bohemia, Pilsen ; 3 NW. Teusing.
Itz, or Iz, r. which rises in the principality of

Coburg, and runs into the Maine, 1 NE. Batr-
nach. Ilzehoe, or Etzehoe, X. Holstein, on the Stor ;
8 NNE. Gluckstadt, 29 NNW. Hamburg. Lon.
9. 35. E. Lat. 53. 57. N. Pop. 5,000. H. 800.
It has a brisk trade.
Ilzi, r. Hungary, which runs into the Teisse,
near Sziget
Ilzig, X. Bavaria; 3 SE. Staffelstein.
lvafune, X. Japan, Niphon; 30 SSE. Nigata.
Ivangorod, X. Russia, in the government of
Petersburg, on the Pliusa, near the Baltic, op
posite to Narva. It is surrounded with a treble
wall, and defended by a number of small tow
ers; 52 SW. Petersburg. Lon. 28. 14. E. Lat.
59. 16. N.
Ivanitz, X. Croatia, on the river Lonia; 42
NE. Carlstadt, 32 S. Varasdin. Lon. 16. 44. E.
Lat. 46. 0. N.
Ivel, r. Eng., in Bedford, which passes by
Biggleswade, from which place it is navigable
for barges, and joins the Ouse, at Tempsford.
Ivel, or Ivil, r. Eng., which rises in Dorset
shire, and soon after entering Somersetshire,
passes by Yeovil, Ivelchester, fac. and joins the
Parret, at Langport.
IveUhester, or Ilchester, (an. Ischalis,) X. Eng.,
in Somerset, on the river Ivel ; 21 S. Bridgewa
ter, 129 W. London. Lon. 2. 46. W. Lat. 50. 57.
N. Pop. 610. It was formerly a place of great
consequence, the evidences of which are
scarcely left ; and was encompassed with a
double wall and ditch defended with a castle
now in ruins. Though a poor mean place, the
election for the county members is held here,
and it sends two members to parliament ; here
is likewise the county jail. It has a market on
Wednesday. Ivenach, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 30 SE.
Rostock. Pop. 920.
Ivenilz, r. which rises in Silesia, and runs
into foe Queis, near Naumburg.
Iver, X. Eng., Buckinghamshire ; 18 W. Lon
don. Pop. 1,635.
Iverskoi, X. Russia, Novgorod ; 80 SE. Nov
gorod. Iviga, (an. Ebusus,) isl. Mediterranean, be
longing to Spain, about 15 miles long, and 12
wide. Pop. 15,200. Sq. m. 188. It is fertile in
corn, grapes, figs, and other fruit. A great num
ber of olive trees grow wild. The chief em
ployment of the inhabitants is making salt,
highly esteemed for its whiteness. Ivica, the
capital, which is situated on S. side of the isl
and, is fortified in a modern manner, and has a
good harbour, and 2,700 inhabitants. It is said
no noxious reptile will live on this island. Lon.
1. 22. E. Lat. 38. 58. N..
Ivinghoe, X. Eng., in Buckingham ; 10 ENE.
Aylesbury ; 32 NW. London. Lon. 0. 39. W.
Lat. 51. 50. N. Pop. 452.
Ivoire, X Savoy ; 13 NNE. Geneva.
Ivory Coast, country, Africa, situated on the
Atlantic, between Cape Appolonia and Cape
Palmas, containing several towns, which are
situated at the mouths of rivers called by the
same names. The interior country is but little
known, foe natives refusing the Europeans
leave to build settlements, or even to trade
among them, except by means of the coast ne-

1ZM

798

IZU

groes, and even this with the most circumspect
caution. The chief commodities are gold, ivo
ry, and slaves, the former in the greatest plen
ty, but no regular tariff, or table, of foe differ
ent proportions of each was ever settled. The
inhabitants of this district have the reputation
of being the most savage and barbarous on the
whole coast; and some writers scruple not to
call them, anthropophagi.
Ivoy le Pre, X. France, in Cher; 11 S. Aubig
ny. Pop. 2,376.
Ivoy, see Carignan.
Ivrea, or Jurea, (an. Eporedia,) city, Pied
mont, on the Dora Baltea, or Grand Dora, ori
ginally a Roman colony ; 20 N. Turin, 53 W.
Milan. Lon. 7. 44. E. Lat. 45. 24. N. Pop. 7/120.
It is situated partly in a plain, and partly on a
hill of easy ascent ; it was the see of bishop ;
the cathedral is said to have been anciently a
temple of Apollo. Besides foe cathedral, it has
3 other parish churches, and several religious
bouses. Ivry, t. France, Eure ; 24 N. Dreux. P. 800.
Ivry, t. France, in COte-d'Or ; 9 SE. Arnay
le Due.
Ivry, X. France, Seine ; 3 S. Paris. Pop. 1,400.
Iwami, or Sekisju, pr. Japan.
Iwanczowicza, X. Rus. ; 52 SSW. Novogrodek.
Iwangrod, X. Rus. Podelia ; 60 ESE. Braclaw.
Iwata, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 100 W. Jedo,
140 E. Meaco.
Iwetpour, X. Bengal ; 15 E. Goragot.
Iwie, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 24 E. Lida.
Iwnica, X. Russia, in Kiev; 60 WSW. Kiev.
Ixar, see Hijar.
Ixmiquilpal, t Mexico, capital of a jurisdic
tion ; 75 NE. Mexico. Lon. 98. 20. W. Lat. 20.
26. N. It contains 600 families.

Ixo, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 65 ENE. Meaco."
Ixtepexti, X. Mexico, capital of a district, 17
miles from Oaxaca, 192 SE. Mexico. Lon. 96.
53. W. Lat. 17. N.
Ixworth, t. Eng., in Suffolk ; 36 S. Norwich,
79 NNE. London. Lon. 0. 51. E. Lat. 52. 19.
N. Pop. 846. Market on Friday.
Izi, t. France, in Mayenne ; 6 NNE. Evron.
Pop. 1,775.
Izi, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 4 NW.
Vitre, 15 ENE. Rennes.
Izer, t. Africa, in W. part of Berdoa.
Izeron, X. France, in RhOne ; 10 SW. Lyons.
Izeron, X. France, Isere ; 3 E. St. Marcelin.
Izieu,X. France, in Loire ; 14 St Etienne.
Pop. 2,000.
Iziginsk, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Izigin,
about 15 m. from its mouth ; 520 NE. Ochotsk.
Lon. 159. 14. E. Lat. 63. 10. N. It is defended
by a square enclosure of stout and lofty pali
sades, and wooden bastions, erected in piles at
the 4 angles. Before foe house of the governor
is a square, with a constant guard. The houses
are of wood, low, with a regular front, all on
one plan. The number of inhabitants is about
5, or 600, who are either merchants, or in foe
service of government. — The commerce con
sists of furs, and skins of rein-deer.
Iziuk, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch ;
80 NW. Kainsk, 240 ESE. Tobolsk.
Izium, X. Russia, in Charkov, on the Donetz ;
64 SE. Charkov. Pop. 4,300.
Izmid, see Ismid.
Izolortois, r. Walachia, which runs into the
Syl, 10 S. Tergosyl.
Iztaccihuatl, mt. Mexico, 15,700 feet high.
Lon. 98. 35. W. Lat. 19. 10. N.
Izukar, X. Mexico; 81 leagues SE. Mexico.

J.

JAC
Ja, X. Sweden, in Bothnia, at foe mouth of
the river Jasari ; 12 N. Ulea.
Jaalons, X. France, in Marne ; 9 W. Chalons
sur Marne.
Jaatsuro, X. Japan, Niphon ; 65 NW. Jedo.
Jab, X. Africa, in Woolly, on the Gambia.
Jaba, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on foe Niger.
Lon. 4. 45. W. Lat. 13. 15. N.
Jabaraba, X. Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 32 S.
Villa Rica.
Jabaz, X. Natolia; 20 NW. Angora.
Jabbee, X. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger ;
56 SW. Sego.
Jabbok, now Zorco.
Jabbuah, X. Hind., in Banswaleh; 25 SSE.
Tandla. Jabesh, or Jabez, or Jabesh- Gilead, city, Pal
estine, E. ofthe sea of Tiberias, in the tribe of
Gad. Lon. 35. 56. E. Lat. 32. 25. N.
Jabi, or Yabbah, country, Africa, on foe Gold
coast, E. of Anta. The soil is rich and fertile ;
the gold obtained there is adulterated.
Jablonow, t. Rus. Podolia ; 64 NW. Braclaw.
Jdblunkau, t. Aust. Silesia, in Teschen, on foe
river Elsa ; with a fort not far from it, called
Jablunka, Schanz, to guard the pass into Hun
gary ; 11 SSE. Teschen, 17 ESE. Friedek.
Lon. 18. 48. E. Lat. 49. 32. N. Pop. 1,660.
Jabolpour Gurrah, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundel
la; 28 ENE. Gurrah.
Jabou, country, Africa, W. of Benin.
Jabrin, district, Arabia, abounding in salt,
SW. Hadsjar.
Jaca, or Jacca, city; Spain, in Aragon, at the
foot of the Pyrenees, on the Aragon, with a
citadel, built in the year 1592 ; 35 E. Sanguesa,
45 N. Saragossa. Lon. 0. 41. W. Lat. 42. 29. N.
Pop. 4,000. Bp. see. The town is very ancient,
and preserves its original name. It was at one
time foe capital of Aragon, and at present is so
of a district, which includes near 200 towns
and villages.
Jacaray, X. Brazil, St. Paul ; 50 NE. St. Paul.
Jacatra, country, Java, formerly a kingdom,
governed by its own sovereigns, but now be
longing to the Dutch. It comprises 30 dis
tricts, containing, some years since, 33,914
tjatzars, or families, or 203,484 inhabitants ; of
which the district of Batavia alone contained
19,469 families, or 1 16,8 14 inhabitants. The pro
ductions of Jacatra are principally coffee, sugar,
and rice; likewise indigo, cotton yarn, tur
meric, and cadjang, or lentiles, from which
last, oil is pressed. Batavia is the capital.
Jari, or Jaci di Aquila, or Jaci Reale, t. Sici-

JAC
ly, in the valley of Demona ; 12 NNE. Catania,
12 S. Taormina. Lon. 15. 15. E Lat. 37.40.N.
Pop. 11,000. H. 2,945. It was anciently called
Acis, and known from the fable- of Acis and
Galatea. The town is built of lava. Near it
runs the river Acis, whose water, anciently es
teemed wholesome, is now said to be poisonous.
Jacina, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf of
Squillace, Lon. 17. E. Lat. 38. 57. N.
Jacks, or SAade Mountain, mt. in Huntingdon
and Northumberland counties, Pa.
Jackson, p-t. Hancock co. Maine ; 15 N. by
W. Belfast, 15 W. Frankfort, W. 672. Pop. 385.
Jackson, p-t. Washington co. N. Y., formed
out of the NW. part of Cambridge, in 1816 ; W.
380. Pop. 2,004.
Jackson, X. Lebanon co. Pa. Pop. 1,748.
Jackson, X. Tioga co. Pa. Pop. 450.
Jackson, co. NW part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 10,569; slaves 1,816. Pop. in 1820, 8,355.
I Chief town, Jefferson.
Jackson, co. West Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
5,401 ; slaves 481. Pop. in 1820, 7,593. Chief
town, Williamson.
Jackson, co. in S. part of Ohio. Pop. 3,746.
Jackson, co. Alabama. Pop. 8,751:
Jackson, p-t. Jackson, co. Ohio ; 60 Co
lumbus. Pop. 340.
Jackson, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 699.
Jackson, X. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 310.
Jackson, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 696.
Jackson, X. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 503.
Jackson, X. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 1,128.
Jackson, X. Monroe co. Ohio. Pop. 594.
Jackson, X. Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 1,099_
Jackson, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 330.
Jackson, X. Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 860.
Jackson, X. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 975.
Jackson, t. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 853.
Jackson, X. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 615.
Jackson, X. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 521.
Jackson, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 188.
Jackson, X. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 236.
Jackson, co. Indiana. Pop. 4,010. Chief town,
Brownstown. Jackson, p-t. Jackson co. Indiana; 84Indian-
opolis, W. 626.
Jackson, co. Illinois. Pop. 1,542. Chief town,
Brownsville. Jackson, co. Mississippi. Pop. 1,682.
Jackson, p-t. fe cap. Cape Girardeau co., Mis
souri, situated on an eminence between the
branches of Zenon creek, 10 miles from the
Mississippi, 50 from the mouth of the Ohio ; 12
NW. Cape Girardeau, W. 906. ^ It is a flourish-

JAD

800

JAF

ing town, regularly laid out, and contains a
court house, and about 60 houses. Large quan
tities of Spanish brown and chalk are found in
the vicinity.
Jacksonborough, p-t. Colleton district, S. C,
on the Edisto ; 33 W. Charlestown, W. 575.
Jacksonborough, p-v. Scriven co. Georgia ; 65
NW. Savannah, W. 644.
Jacksonborough, p-t. Campbell co. Tennessee,
W. 579.
Jacksonburg, p-t. Wayne co. Indiana ; 82 In-
dianopolis, W. 605.
Jacksonburg, p-t. Butler co. Ohio ; W. 527.
Jacksontown, p-t. Jackson co. Alabama ; W.
1,057. Jackson's River, one of the streams which
form James river.
Jacksonville, p-v. Hancock co. Va ; W. 108.
Jacksonville, p-v. Wood co. Va. ; W. 341.
Jacksonville, p-t. fa cap. Pike co. Mis., on the
Bogue Chito ; about 65 ESE. Natchez.
Jacksonville, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y., in the
township of Ulysses ; W. 353.
Jacksonville, p-v. Adams co. Pa. ; 86 Harris
burg. Jacksonville, p-v. Lehigh co. Pa. ; 74 Harris
burg, W. 203.
Jacksonville, p-t. Wood co. Va. ; W. 341.
Jacklall,X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 12 NW.
Ramgur. Jacmel, see Jaquemel.
Jaco, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 17. 25. S.
Jacobaw, X. Prussia ; 20 SE. Marienwerder.
Jacob's Creek, r. Pa., which runs into Youg-
hiogeny, 17 m. above the Monongahela.
Jacobsdorf X. Pomerania ; 8 E. Zachau.
Jacobshagen, X. Pomerania; 16 E. Stargard.
Lon. 15. 30. E. Lat. 53. 25. N. Pop. 1,003.
Jacobskirch, X. Silesia, in Glogau ; 5 SW. Glo
gau. Near this place duke Henry was defeated
by the gentry of Glogau.
Jacobstadt, s-p. Finland, on foe gulf of Both
nia, with a convenient port. Lon. 22. 36. E.
Lat. 36. 41. N. Pop. 1,588.
Jacotta, X. Hind., in Cochin. Lon. 76. 1. E.
Lat. 10. 14. N. It is fortified and has a small
harbour. Here St. Thomas, the apostle, is said
to have first landed from Africa.
Jacpoe, X. on W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 109.
21. E. Lat.0. 14. S.
Jacrah, X. Bengal; 35 S. Burdwan.
Jactarpour, X. Bengal ; 5 NW. Nogong.
Jaculgong, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 18 S.
Oudighir. Jacurso, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 8 W.
Squillace. Jacusi, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 25 NE. Achila.
Jaczin, X. Aust. Galicia ; 34 SW. Halicz.
Jaczinow, t. Aust. Galicia ; 52 S. Halicz.
Jadel,X. A.Turkey, Diarbekir; 20NW.Rabba.
Jadera, now Zor-a.
Jadevar, t. Visiapour; 15 SE. Raibaug.
Jadgeren, or Jagerom, X. Persia, in Chorasan ;
85 W. Neisabour. Lat. 36. 23. N.
Jadjepour, t. Bengal; 33 SSE. Moorshedabad.
Jadida, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 22 NW.
Rabba. Jadispour,X. Hind., in Bahar; 21 W. Arrah.
Jadn, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 5 SE. Meaco.

Jadunatpdur, X. Hind., Bahar, on the Soane >
20 WSW. Rotasgur.
Jael, X. Hind., in Nagore; 16 NE. Nagore'.
Jaegerspreis, X. Denmark, Zealand ; 22 NW.
Copenhagen. Jaen, pr. Spain, bounded N. by La Mancha,
E. by Murcia and Grenada, S. by Grenada, and
W. by Cordova ; about 60 miles from N. to S.,
and nearly as much from E. to W.; almost
wholly surrounded with mountains, which af
ford mines of lead, copper, and silver. It was
a kingdom in the time of the Moors. The prin
cipal towns are Jaen, Baeca, Ubeda, Cacorla,
and Caslona. Pop. in 1797, 213,005. Sq. m.
4,727. Jaen, city, Spain, capital of a province of the
same name, on a small river, which soon after
runs into the Guadalquivir; 36 N. Grenada,
45 E. Cordova. Lon. 3. 51. W. Lat. 37. 53. N.
Pop. 27,500. It is surrounded with walls, and
defended by some ramparts, towers, and a cas
tle. It is tolerably large, and contains 3 parish
churches, 8 convents, and 14 hospitals, and is
well supplied with water by numerous foun
tains, one of which, in particular, issues out of
a rock, in a stream sufficient to form a brook.
The countiy about is exceedingly fertile in
corn, wine, and oil, with abundance of silk,
and foe most excellent fruits.
Jaen, or Bracamoros, government, S. A., in
New Grenada. The climate is mild, and all
the necessaries of life are produced in abund
ance. The culture of tobacco forms the princi
pal business of the inhabitants, the gold mines
being abandoned. Rain is frequent. Jaen is the
capital .
Jaen de Bracamoros, city, New Grenada, in
Quito, on the Tunguragua, a head branch of
the Amazon, which here begins to be navigable
for boats ; capital of a government of the same
name ; 330 NNE. Lima. Lon. 78. 30. W. Lat.
5. 26. S. It is the residence of a governor, and
contains about 4,000 inhabitants, chiefly Mesti
zoes. Jaersborg, X. Denmark, in Zealand ; 5 NNW.
Copenhagen. Jafa, lake, Persia, in Segestan ; 101 S. Kin.
Jafa, country, Arabia, N. of Aden, and W. of
Hadramaut ; it is fertile, and abounds particu
larly in coffee.
Jafatin Islands, cluster of small islands in the
Red sea, near foe coast of Egypt. Lon. 33. 50.
E. Lat. 27. 10. N.
Jaferi, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 75 NNW. Badkis.
Jaffa, (an. Joppa, and Japha,) t. Palestine,
near the coast of the Mediterranean ; 34 WNW.
Jerusalem, 40 N. Gaza, 45 S. Acre. Lon. 35. 3.
E. Lat. 32. 5. N. Pop. according to Hassel,
7,000 ; and according to Mr. Connor, in 1820,
only 3,000 Turks, 400 Greek Scismatics, 100
Latins, and 30 Armenians. It was formerly a
celebrated city, and is frequently mentioned in
the scriptures, being the port whence Jonah
embarked for Tarshish, and the place where
Peter raised Tabitha from the dead. It owes
its celebrity to its situation with regard to Jeru
salem, being the port of that city, and in an
cient times it was the only place resorted to as
a seaport in all Judea. As a station for vessel^
its harbour is one of the worst in the Mediter-

JAG

801

JAK

ranean ; ships generally anchor about a mite
from the town to avoid the, shoals and rocks.
It is now inhabited by Turks or Arabs, with a
mixture of Greeks, Maronites, and Armenians.
This part of the coast is, in general, but little
above the level of the sea ; but the town is
built on an eminence, in the form of a sugar
loaf, in height about 130 feet perpendicular.
The houses distributed on the declivity, appear
rising above' each other, like the steps of an
amphitheatre. On foe summit is a small cita
del, which commands the town ; the bottom of
the hill is surrounded by a wall without a ram
part, of 12 or 14 feet high, and 2 or 3 in thick
ness. This wall, which has no ditch, is envi
roned by gardens, where lemons, oranges, and
citrons, in this light soil, grow to a very large
size. Jaffverabad, X. Hind., in Berar, and circar of
Aurungabad ; 40 NNE. Aurungabad, 60 S.Bur-
hanpour. Lon. 76. 25. E. Lat. 20. 22. N.
Jaffierabad, X. Bengal ; 6 NW. Islamabad.
Jaffverabad, or Jaffrabat, X. Hind., on the
coast of Guzerat ; 35 ENE. Diu. Lon. 70. 36.
E. Lat. 20. 56. N. This, next to Diu, is a place
of the most trade on the coast of Guzerat. The
town is defended by a wall all round, but has
not many guns mounted. Very large oysters
are found in a river near this town.
Jaffierabad, X. Hind., Oude ; 7 SE. Hajypour.
Jaffiergunge, X. Bengal, on the Ganges; 25
NW. Dacca. Lon. 89. 53. E. Lat. 23. 53. N.
Jaffiergunge, X. Bengal ; 40 ESE. Dacca.
Jaffna, t. Ceylon, capital of a district called
Jaffnapatam. Lon. 80. 12. E. Lat. 9.45. N. It
is situated on a peninsula, and surrounded with
high walls, flanked with 4 bastions, a fort, and
other outworks. It was anciently the capital
of an independent kingdom, which was divided
into four provinces ; the soil is low, fertile, and
planted with beautiful trees ; and the country
.is so populous that they reckon 160 towns in
a district of 36 m. in length, and 24 in breadth.
Jaffnoo, km. Africa, bounded N. by Sahara
or the Great Desert, E. by Ludamar, S. by Kas-
son, and W. by Geduma. Lon. 7. 40. to 9. W.
Lat 15. to 15. 40. N.
Jaffrey, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 14 SE.
Keene, W. 460. Pop. 1,339. It lies on S. side
of Grand Monadnock. Here is a mineral spring
about 1 SE. of the mountain. Red ochre has
been found near the spring, and in its vicinity
have been discovered black lead, copperas,
alum, and sulphur. There is a cotton manufac
tory in this town.
Jaffrygunge, X. Bengal ; 43 NE. Purneah.
Jafrabad, X. Persia, in Irak ; 20 ESE. Sava.
Jaga, t. Africa, in Casson, on S. side of the
Senegal. Lat. 14. N.
Jaga Calanda, X. Africa, Matamba ; 70 NW.
Sta Maria de Matamba.
Jaga Coconda, countiy, Africa, S. of Ben
guela. Jagami, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 80 NW. Meaco,
Jaganabattu, t. Bengal; 42 SW. Burdwan.
Lon. 87. 50. E. Lat. 22. 35. N.
Jagaresle, X. Thibet ; 180 N. Fyzabad. Lon.
81. 30. E. Lat. 29. 38. N.
Jagarnautporum, see Juggernauth.
Jagatay, see Zagatay.
Vol I. * ' 101

JagaHi, now Teluan'.
Jagelitz; r. Ger., which runs into foe Dosse,
6 S. KyritZi
Jagerndorf or Karnowilz, X. Aust. Silesia, in
Troppau, formerly capital of a principality of
the same name, on the Oppa, containing 2
churches andaconvent; 12NW. Troppau, 20W.
Ratibor. Lon. 17. 40. E. Lat. 50. N. Pop. 4,649.
Jageron, r. Persia, which rises about 20 NE.
Casbin, passes by Rai, and after a course of
about 150 miles, loses itself in a sandy desert.
, Jagersburg, X. Prussian Brandenburg ; 15 E.
Arenswald. Jagersburg, X. Hesse ; 13 SSW. Darmstadt.
Jagersdorf (Gross,) v. E. Prussia ; 30 W.
Gumbinnen, Jaggi, passage of Bengal from Burdwan to
Nagpour; 20 NW. Doesa.
Jaghaus, X. Tyrol ; 14 NW. Schwas.
Jagipour, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the left bank
of the Ganges ; 48 ESE, Hajypour,
' Jagnevo, X. Eu. Turkey, Servia ; 8 S. Pristina.
Jago, X. Guinea, on the river Formosa ; 70
miles from foe sea.
Jagodina, X. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on a small
river which runs into the Morava ; 50 NNW
Nissa, 60 SSE. Belgrade. Lon. 20. 56. E. Lat.
44. 15. N.
Jagooleeah, X. Bengal ; 21 NNE. Calcutta.
Jagolpour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 16 N. Maniuk-
pour. Jagoval, X. Persian Armenia ; 12 N. Erivan.
Jagopour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 9 S. Barelly.
Jagrah, X. Hind., in Nagore ; 15 N. Nagore.
Jagra, or Giarra, country, Africa ; about 50
mites from the sea, a little S. of the river Gam
bia. It is rich in rice, cotton, and corn.
Jagrenalpour, X. Bengal ; 10 NW. Purneah.
Jagrendtpour, t. Bengal ; 20 W. Islamabad.
Jagrenalpour, X. Bahar ; 65 ESE. Hajypour.
Jagua, X. Cuba ; 85 WSW. Havannah.
Jaguaripc, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 38. 10. W. Lat 4. S.
Jahanabad, X. Bengal ; 20 S. Burdwan. Lon.
87. 55. E. Lat. 22. 55. N.
Jahanagur, t. Bengal ; 10 W. Kishenagur.
Jahautoo, t. Bengal , 7 SSW. Tomar.
Jahnee, X. Bengal ; 16 NW. Toree.
Jahi, X. Natolia ; 16 NNE. Angura.
Jahupice, X. Rus. Podolia ; 48 SE. Braclaw.
Jaicza, X. Ku. Turkey, in Bosnia, with a castle,
near the Pliva ; 25 WNW. Serajo.
Jaik, see Ural.
Jaiczi, X. Grand Bukharia, on the Jihon ; 36
SW. Bukhara.
Jageporc, or Jehazpore, X. Hind., in Orissa,
capital of a district, on the river Byturnee.
Lon. 86. 35. E. Lat. 20. 50. N. It is a large
straggling town, and has a manufacture of cot
ton cloth.
Jaillais, X. France, in Maine-arid-Loire, on
the Erve ; 7 N; Chollets, 13 W. Viliers. Pop.
1,725. Jainad, X. Hind., Mahur; 38 NE. Neermul.
Jainagur, X. Bengal ; 10 N. Palamow.
Jaintpour, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 26 E. Bahar.
Jaite, mt. Algiers; 80 SW. Constantina. ¦¦¦ ¦
Jak in Jakko, t. Africa, on the Ivory coast.
Jaka; km. Africa, -500 miles from the sea,
with a- capital of the same name, on S. side of
the Senegal.

JAL

802

JAM

jaka, X. fa district, Africa, on the Ivory coast.
Jakai, t Circassia ; 45 W. Eskikesek.
Jakin, r. Africa, which separates the countiy
of Ardra from Benin, and runs into the sea, at
Grand Popo.
Jakin, X. Africa, in Ardra, on the Slave coast,
where the English and Dutch had factories.
Jakira, X. Africa, on the Slave coast ; 10 S.
Assom. Jakobshavn, Danish settlement, Greenland.
Jakowizina, t. Rus. Poland ; 36 WNW. Brac
law. Jakutsk, see Yakutsk.
Jul, X. Persia, in Mecran ; 210 N. Kidge.
Jala, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast
of Africa. Lat. 11. 45. N.
Jalac, see Hak.
Jalac, X. Nubia, at the conflux ofthe Tacazze
and the Nile ; 240 S. Sennaar, 400 S. Syene.
Lon. 34. 10. E. Lat. 17. 50. N.
Jalalabad, X. Cabul, on foe Kameh ; 60 ESE.
Cabul. Lon. 69. 45. E. Lat. 34. 6. N.
Jalalabad, t. Hind., Sehaurunpour ; 26 miles
from Sehaurunpour.
Jalalgungdj t Bengal, and principal place of
Bajoohow ; 25 NNE. Goragot. Lon. 82. 30. E.
Lat. 25. 28. N.„
Jalalporum, X. Hind., In Sehaurunpour; 20
NNW. Merat.
Jalamlam, X. Arabia ; 35 S. Mecca.
Jalanghi-liman, X. Natolia ; 12 S. Smyrna.
Jalasjarvi, X. Finland ; 40 ENE. Christine-
stadt. Jalbach, X. Austria ; 8 ESE. Laab.
Jaka, (an. Eloza,) X. Natolia; 12 SW. Adra
miti. Jalimgory, t Hind., in Sollapour ; 18 E. Sol-
lapour. Jali, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, about 5
miles in circumference ; 4 SE. Stanchio.
Jali, X. Borneo ; 70 N. Negara.
Jotto, t. Bahar ; 18 NNW. Durbungah.
Jallacotta, X. Africa, Tenda ; 12 W. Tenda.
Juliets, r. Spain, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lon. 9. 12. W. Lat. 42. 59. N.
Jalligny, X. France, in Allier ; 9 W. Donjon,
15 SE. Moulins. Pop. 598.
Jallindar, circar, Hind., in Lahore, of con
siderable extent, between the rivers Setledge
and Beyah.
Jallindar, X. Hind., capita] of a district ofthe
same name, in Lahore ; 30 E. Lahore, 224 NW.
Delhi. Lon 75. 25. E. Lat. 31. 16. N.
Jallonkadoo, countiy, Africa, Of considera
ble extent, between Guinea and Mandingo.
Lon. 6. to 10. W. Lat. 11. to 12. N. The coun
try is mountainous, and a great part of it is
composed of a desert.
Jallot, lake, Louisiana. Lon. 92. 51. W. Lat.
31. 50. N.
Jallyne, X. Bengal ; 20 W. Nagore.
Jaloan, X. Hind-, in Gohud ; 10 NNE. Koocb.
Jaloar, X. Carnatic ; 7 N. Ootatore.
Jalqffs, or Oualoffs, people, Africa, inhabiting
N. side of foe Gambia, extending to the river
Senegal ; they are represented as an exceed
ingly black and more beautiful complexion and
more regular features, than the neighbouring
nations. They are Mahometans ; are brave
warriors and expert thieves. The territory

which they occupy is computed at 4,800 square
leagues. Jalonitza, X. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, on a
river ofthe same name; 95 SW. Ismail, 240 N.
Constantinople. .
Jalooan, t. Hind., in Agra, on the Indus. Lon.
79. 23. E. Lat. 26. 7. N. It has considerable
trade in cotton.
Jalour, t. Hind., in Agimere, and eircar of
Sirowy; 65 WNW. Oudipour. Lon. 73. 40. E,
Lat. 25. 15. N. This is a very large town, and
is situated on a mountain difficult of access.
Thevenot calls it Chalavur, and D'Anville,
Shalaur. Jalowka, t. Rus. Grodno ; 24 S. Godno.
Jalpug, lake, Bessarabia; 30 miles long, and
from 3 to 5 broad, which communicates with
the Danube, 15 W. Ismail.
Jalpug, r. Bessarabia, which runs into the
lake so named, at Tobak.
Jaltrapour, X. Bengal ; 22 W. Dacca. .
Jalyssus, X. on N. part of Rhodes.
Jam, X. Grand Bukharia ; 10 S. Samarcand.
Jama, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 0. 10. S.
Jamad, fort, Hind., on an island in the Be-
hah, belonging to the circar of Jcnhat ; 56 SW.
Gujurat. Jornada, X. Japan, in Xicoco ; 20 W. Ovutsi.
Jamadsukuri, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 50 SW.
Nambu. Jamdga, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 22 E. Udo.
Jamaica^ one of the West India islands, the
largest and most important of those which be
long to Great Britain ; 30 leagues W. St. Do
mingo, 30 S. Cuba. Lon. 76.45. W. Lat. 18. 12.
N. It is of an oval form, 150 miles long, and on
an average, about 40 broad. It is divided into
3 counties, Middlesex, Surry, and Cornwall ;
subdivided into parishes. The principal towns
are Spanish town, the capital, Kingston, Port
Royal, Savanna la Mur, Falmouth, and Monte-
go Bay.
A range, called Blue mountains, extends
through the island from east to west ; rising in
its most elevated peaks to 7,431 feet above foe
sea. On the north side the land rises from the
shore into hills, beautifully rounded, and cov
ered with groves of pimento ; on the south side
foe Blue mountains present abrupt precipices
and inaccessible cliffs. The soil in some places
is deep and fertile ; but Edwards pronounces
it to be generally an unfruitful and laborious
country. He calculates it to contain 4,080,000
acres ; not more than 1,000,000 acres under
cultivation ; about 3,000,000 irreclaimable wil
derness, a great part consisting of inaccessible
fastnesses. The island is well watered by about
100 rivers, and in the mountains are numerous
springs, some of which are medicinal. The
climate on the plains is hot ; the thermometer
from June to Nov. standing at 80 deg. ; from
Dec. to May, ranging from 70 to 80 deg.
The most important productions are sugar,
indigo, cotton, and coffee ; also cocoa, pimento,
ginger, maize, Guinea corn, rice, garden veget
ables, and fruits. In 1790, 105,000 hhd.s. of
sugar were exported ; in 1802, 140,000 hhds.
Export of coffee in 1804, 22,000,000 lbs. ; in
1807, 28,500,000 lbs. Total value of exports, in

JAM

803

JAM

1809, £3,033,234 ; imports 4,068,897, Fop. in
1787, 290,000; whites 30,000; free people of
colour 10,000 ; slaves 260,000. Slaves, in 1812,
319,912 ; total estimated at 359,912.
Jamaica, p-t. Windham co. Vt. ; 42 SW. Wind
sor, W. 435. Pop. 1,313.
Jamaica, p-t. Queen's co. N. Y., on S. side of
Long Island ; 12 SSE. New York, W. 240.
Pop. 2,110. There is in this township a very
pleasant and handsome village, in which there
are 3 houses of public worship and an academy.
Jamaica, t. Africa, in the island of York,
built by a Mulatto, the son of an Englishman,
where the English have a factory.
Jamaica Plains, in the W. part of Roxbury,
Mass. ; 6 SW. Boston. They encompass a pond
containing 160 acres, and are remarkable for
their delightful scenery and elegant country
seats. Jamalgunge, t Bengal ; 42 SSE. Dinagepour.
Jamalmuraag, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 5 NE.
Gandecotta. Jamama, or Imam, X. Arabia, Capital of a dis
trict in Nedsjed, situated on a river which runs
into the Persian gulf; 330 SSW. Bassora, 420
ENE. Mecea. Lon. 46. 8. E. Lat. 25. 5. N. It
was famous, before the days of Mahomet, for
being the native place of a prophet of the name
of Moseilama.
Jamanassiro, X. Japan, Niphon ; 65 NW. Jedo.
Jamas, t. Japan, in Ximo ; 12 SW. Udo.
Jamata, X. Japan, Niphon ; 10 WSW. Jedo.
Jambi, or Jambee, X. capital of a kingdom of
the same name, in Sumatra. Lon. 103. 39. E.
Lat. 1. 24. S. It is much frequented by the
English and Dutch, on account of its excellent
pepper. It is situated on a large river, naviga
ble for boats ; the town is large, but the air un
wholesome. Jamber, small isl. in the Atlantic, near foe
coast of Africa. Lat. 10. 21. N.
Jambo, see Mayombo.
Jambo, or Janbo, (an. Iambia,) s-p. Arabia, in
Hedsjas, on the coast of the Red sea ; 70 W.
Medina. Lat. 24. 5. N. It has a good harbour,
and is foe port of Medina.
Jambon, r. St. Vincent, which runs into the
sea, 5 S. Young Point.
Jamboo, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 60 W. Amedabad.
Jambudda, X. Bengal ; 12 S. Bissunpour.
Jamdro, or Potto, lake, Asia, in Thibet; 24
S. Lassa, 150 NNE. Tassassudon. Lon. 90. 45.
E. Lat 28. 50. N. It is of so great extent, that,
according to the report of foe natives, it re
quires 18 days to walk around it. In the
Lama's map, however, foe circumference is
only 150 British miles. In the middle of it there
is, according to Giorgi, a continued range of
hillocks and islands ; or, according to the
Lams>s map, one large island, encircled by a
lake from 3 to 8 miles wide. On the western
shore of this island, or congeries of islands, is
a monastery, and the seat of the Lamissa Tar-
cepamo, or TAe Great Regenerate, in whom the
Thibetians think that a divine spirit is regene
rated, as in the Great Lama.
Jamengian, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 42 WSW.
Schiras. James's Bay, E. part of S. division of that
great body of water cal led Hudson's Bay ; about

150 m. across. Lon. 58. 30. to 82. 45. W. Lat,
51. 10. to 55. 10. N.
James City, co. Va., bounded NE. by York
river and York co., S. by James river, SW. by
Charles City co., and NW. by New Kent co.
Pop. 1810, 4,094 ; slaves 2,320. Pop. in 1820,
3,1 61 . Chief town , Williamsburg.
James City, p-v. Madison co, Va. ; W. 90.
James Fort, fort,Barbadoes, near Bridgetown.
James Fort, fortress, Africa, in Akra, on foe
Gold coast.
James Island, small isl. S. C. in the river Ash
ley ; 3 S. Charleston. Lon. 80. W. Lat. 32. 44. N.
James Island, small isl. near the coast of Ma
ryland, in the Chesapeake. Lon. 76. 25. W.
Lat. 38. 40. N.
James Island, isl. Africa, about 30 miles up
the river Gambia, where the English have a
fort and factory.
James, see Jaques River.
James River, r. Virginia, formed by the union
of Jackson's and Cowpasture rivers. At the
point where it begins to break through foe Blue
Ridge, it is joined by North river. It passes by
the flourishing towns of Lynchburg, and Rich
mond, and communicates, through Hampton
, Road and the mouth of the Chesapeake bay,
with the Atlantic. Its general course is S. of E.
A 40 gun ship may go up to Jamestown, and
by lightening herself, to Harrison's bar, where
there are 15 feet of water. Vessels of 250 tons
go up to Warwick, and those of 120 to Rockets,
just below Richmond. And the river is navi
gable for batteaux 220 miles above Richmond.
This river opens a navigation into a country
abounding in tobacco, wheat, corn, hemp,
coal, fac.
Jamespour, t. Hind., in Balogistan ; 25 SW.
Dadari. Jamestown, X. Newport co. R. I., on Connani-
cut island ; 2 W. Newport. Pop; 448.
Jamestown, p-v. Chatauque co. N. Y., in Elli
cott ; 367 W. Albany, W. 399.
Jamestown, X. James City co. Va., on an isl
and in James river, 32 mites above its mouth -
8 SW. Williamsburg, 65 ESE. Richmond. This
town was established in 1608, and was the first
settled town by foe English in the U. S. The
town is now in ruins, and almost desolate ; two
or three old houses, foe ruins of an old steeple,
a church yard, and faint marks of the rude for
tifications are foe only memorials of its former
importance. Jamestown, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. ; 147 Ra
leigh, W. 292.
Jamestown, p-v. Prince Edward co. Va., on
Appomatox; 12 NE. ofthe court house, W 209.
Jamestqwn, p-v. St. Lpuis co. Missouri ; 18
St. Louis, W. 897.
Jamestown, X. Barbadoes, on W. side of the
island in St. James' parish.
Jamestown, X. Ireland, in Leitrim, on foe
Shannon ; 3 S. Carrick.
Jamesville, p-v. Onondago co. N. Y., in Man
lius ; 4 E. Onondaga Hollow, 46 W. Utica
W 388. v
Jamesville, p-v. Clarendon, S. C. ; W. 517.
Jametz, X. France, in Meuse, on the Soison •
7 SE. Stenay. Pop. 787.
Jamez, or Yam, X. Africa, in Fonia. Lon. 15
11. W. Lat. 12. 30. N.

JAN

804

JAP

Jamgong, t. Bengal ; 58 NW. Burdwan.
Jamgong, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 10 W.
Amednagur. Jamgong, X. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 15 ENE.
Aurungabad. Jumja, X. Sweden, in Blekingen ; 9 E. Carls
crona. Jamecollam, t. Carnatic ; 5 S W. Conjeveram .
Jamilhac le Grand; X. France, in Dordogne ;
10 N. Exideuil.
Jamissa, now Thames. '
Jamla, t. Hind., in Banswaleh ; 18 N. Tandla
Jamma, see Lueg.
Jamney, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 17 NE.
Leutsrnischl. Jamnia, now Jebna.
Jamning, mt. Upper Carniola ; 3 S. Ret-
mansdorf. Jamnilz, or Gemnice, t. Moravia, in Znaym ;
52 NW. Zna/m. Lon. 15. 28. E. Lat. 48.59.N.
Pop. 1,060. ;
Jamoorgong, X. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 20 E.
Jaffierabad. Jamour, see Camarones.
Jampol, X. Aust. Galicia ; 5 S. Halicz.
Jampour, X. Guzerat: 17 N. Radunpour.
Jamsa, X. Finland ; 56 NNE. Tavasthus.
Jamsio, X. Sweden, Blekingen ; 32 W. Carls
crona. Jamtland, pr, Sweden, bordering on Norway,
nearly of a circular form, about .70 miles in
length, and 60 in breadth. There are few towns
in Jamtland, and only 11 parishes, in which 46
churches are erected. Pop.26,000. Sq.m. 10,447.
Jamptpour, t. Hind., Bahar; 25 N. Hajypour.
Jamunda, r. S. A., which runs into the river
of the Amazons, 30 W. Pauxis.
Jono, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 25 N. Seoda.
Jdnagava, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 20 SE. Ikua.
Janagur, X. Hind., in Guzerat, on the right
bank of the Puddar ; 100 W. Amedabad. Lon.
70. 56. E. Lat. 23. 30. N.
Janakala, X. Finland ; 10 NNW. Tavasthus.
Janalax, X. Finland ; 35 NNW. Nyslot
, Jandia Point, S. extremity of the island of
FOrtaventura. Lon. 14. 30. W. Lat. 28. 4. N.
Jandsprunn, X. Austria ; 8 NW. Aigcn.
Jandun, X. France, Ardennes ; 9 S. Mezieres.
Janeiro, see Rio Janeiro.
Jangagur, X. Hind., on the Nerbuddah ; 15
W. Hurdah.
Jangara, X. Bengal ; 8 NNE. Curruckpour.
Jangas, X. Peru, in Guamanga ; 15 E. Luna-
guana. Jangegur, X. Hind., Ruttunpour ; 18 S. Rut
tunpour. Jangipour, X. Bengal ; 18 NNW. Moorshe
dabad. Jangoma, or Yangoma, small km. in the Bir
man empire, N. of Siam.
Jangou, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 18 N.
Kaisarieh. Janguira, X. Hind., Bahar ; 13 W. Boglipour.
Janguirpour, circar, Bengal ; W. Dinagepour.
Janguirabad, t. Hind., in Sumbul ; 10 SW.
Anapsheer. Jani, t. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 60 SSW. Sivas.
Janiacopet, X. Hind., Bednore ; 20 W. Simogu.
Janickpour, X. Morung ; 50 W. Amerpour.
Janiduni, X. Russia, in Bessarabia, on the
Black sea ; 40 WSW. Otchakov.

Janikau, or Jankow, X. Bohemia, in Czas
lau ;, 6 SSE. Czaslau, 20 SE. Kaurzim. In 1643,
the Imperialists were defeated near this town
by the Swedes.
Janiszki, X. Samogitia ; ¦ 36 NNE. Miedniki.
Pop. 2,500.
Janitza,X. Morea, in S. part, not far from Ca-
lamata. H. 300.
Jankoonies . Town, t. Loango, on the coast.
Lat. 4, ,30. S.
Janmier, X. Hind., in Guzerat, on the- gulf of
Cambay; 38 S. Gogo.
Janoura, t. Hind., in Bahar; 16 SW. Bahar.
Lon. 85. 34. E. Lat. 25. 8. N.
Janna, or Jannina, see Joannina fy Thessaly.
Janna, r. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe,
7 miles below Meissen.
Janovitza, X. Croatia ; 5 E. Ivanitz.
Janow, t Rus. Podolia; 44 NNW. Kaminiec.
Jfinow, X. Poland, in Lublin ; 36 S. Lublin.
Janow, X. Rus. Grodno ; 24 SW. Pinsk. P. 700.
Janow, X. Rus. Grodno ; 16 WSW. Brzesc.
Janow, X. Poland, in Plock ; 10 ESE. Nie-
denburg. Pop. 721.
Janowiecz, X. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 16 E.
Radom. Pop. 600.
Janowitz, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 8 S. Bent-
schow. H. 154.
Janowitz, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 30 SSW.
Pilsen. Lon. 13: 8. E. Lat. 49. 19. N.
Janowitzky, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau; 9 SW.
Czaslau. Janowka, X. Russia, in Volhynia; 40 NE. Zy-
tomiers. Janowow, X. Aust. Galicia; 16 WSW. Lem
berg. Janpour, X. Bengal ; 20 SW. Midnapour. Lon.
87. 7. E. Lat. 22. 15. N.
Jansalom, or Jansylen, see Junkseilon.
Jansaw, X. Prussia ; 24 E. Marienwerder,
Jansdorf X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 3 SE.
Leutmischl. Jansi, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 38 E. Narwa, 110
S. Agra. Lon. 78. 57. E. Lat. 25. 32. N.
Janteca, X. Hind., in Adoni ; 50 NW. Adoni.
Jantong, X. Corea ; 10 S.Long Kouang.
Jantra, (an. latrusj E. Turkey, which riles
near Kabrua, and runs into the Danube, near
Ruscek, in Bulgaria.
Januario, mt. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 13
ESE. Cosenza.
Januh, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 120 E. Kabis.
Janville, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Eure-and-Loir; 21 SE. Chartres, 18
SSW. Estampes. Lon. 1.50. E. Lat. 48. 12. N.
Pop. 1,059.
Januna, X. Hind., in Goondwanah ; 20 N.
Chanda. Januspol, X. Volhynia ; 24 W. Berdiczow.
Janzi, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 10 W.
La Guerche, 5 S. Chateau Giron. Pop. 3,515.
Jao, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 35 S. Meaco.
Jao-pin, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 22 NE. Tchao.
Jaourhorisi, X. Diarbekir; 65 W. Nisibin.
JAPAN, extensive empire, Asia, composed of
three principal islands, and some other very
small ones : the island of Jesso is also tributary
to Japan. Lon. 129. to 141. E. Lat. 31. to. 42.
N. Sq. m. according to Gatterer, 182,000.

JAQ

805

JAR

Islands. Length. Breadth.
Niphon  700 miles  ,  200.
Ximo  200  140
Xicoco  90  50
Population. Japan is described as very pop
ulous, but the amount of population is uncer
tain, and variously estimated ; by Cannabich,
from 10, to 15,000,000 ; by Hassel and others,
from 15, to 30,000,000; and by some as high as
50,000,000. Cities. The chief cities are Jeddo, the capi
tal, Meaco, and Nangasaki.
Government. The government presents a sin
gular anomaly in the combined dominion of a
spiritual and a temporal ruler. The former,
called the Dairi, has his residence at Meaco;
foe secular emperor, called the Cubo Sama,
resides at Jeddo, in a fortified palace, and has
a revenue estimated at £28,000,000.
Inhabitants. The Japanese are an intelligent,
ingenious, and active people. They have made
considerable advances in literature and science ;
and especially in the arts and manufactures.
Their manufactures consist principally of silk,
cotton, and lacquered ware, called Japanned
ware. Their varnish is inimitable : it is made
of the milky juice of a tree.
Face of the country, fac. The general aspect
of these islands is rugged and irregular, bristling
with mountains, hills, and rocks. The moun
tain of Fusi, in foe southern part, supposed, to
be the loftiest, is always covered with snow.
The coasts are rocky and precipitous. The
country is well watered, but a great part of the
soil is not naturally fertile, but being cultivated
with foe most unremitting industry, is rendered
productive. Rice forms the principal article of
food. Beans, barley, and a variety of vegeta
bles, figs, oranges, lemons, and other fruits, are
common. Minerals. Japan is very rich in mineral pro
ductions, which consist of gold, copper, sul
phur, coal, some iron and tin ; also naptha,
agates, cornelian, and jaspers. Pearls, amber-
grise, and camphire, are also abunbant. Nine
tenths of the exports consist of copper ; other
articles are camphire, japanned ware, painted
paper, fac.
Japanese River, see Mecon.
Japara, s-p. Java, on a peninsula on N. coast ;
200 E. Batavia. Lon. 110. 54. E. Lat. 6. 28. S.
The harbour is formed by a river of the same
name, and is capable of receiving a great num
ber of ships. The Dutch have a resident here,
for the purchase of timber, cotton, rice, and in
digo. About 4 miles S. of this town is the an
cient city of Japara, once foe capital of a king
dom. Japene, t. Africa, in Jagra.
Japha, now Safat.
Japygia, now Otranto.
Jaquaripe, r. Brazil, which runs into foe At
lantic, Lat 4. S.
Jaque Lahou, X. Africa, on the Ivory coast;
20 E. Cape Lahou.
Jaque Lahou, r. Africa, which runs into foe
Altantic, Lon. 5. 5. W. Lat. 5. 20. N.
Jaquejag, X. Africa, on the Ivory coast ; 43 E.
Cape Lahou.
- Jaquemel, t. on S. coast of Hispaniola, in a

bay to which it gives name. Lon. 13. 24. E.
Lat. 18. 17. N. Pop. about 5,000. It is intbat
part of the island, which belonged to the French,
and has considerable trade.
Jaquts, r. New Brunswick, which runs into
the St. John, Lon. 67. 36. W. Lat. 46. 54..N.
Jaques, or James, r. Missouri, which flows
into foe Missouri, 150 from the Mississippi.
Jaques Quarlier, r. Canada, which runs into
foe St. Lawrence, 30 W. Quebec. Lon. 71. 41.
W. Lat. 46. 38. N.
Jaquesy, X. Hispaniola, on N. coast; 13 ESE.
Cape Francois.
Jara, X. Syria, in Damascus ; 15 E. Safet.
Jara,X. Sweden, in Smaland; 10 SW. Jon-
kioping, Jaramey, inland t. Africa, in Yani.
Jarampour, X. Cahlore ; 25 E. Bullauspour.
Jorani, t. Dalmatia ; 10 SE. Macarsca.
Jaransk, see Yaransk.
Jarbarry, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 20 N. Dinage
pour. Lon. 88. 40. E. Lat. 25. 58. N.
Jarbo, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 25 N.
Uddevalla. Jarboas, X. Sweden, Westmanland ; 45 WNW.
Stroemsholm. Jarde, r. Sleswick, which runs into the Gram,
5 E- Ripen.
Jardinet, t. Neth., Namur ; 2 N. Walcour.
Jardines, (Los J small islands and rocks, near
S. coast of Cuba. Len. 81.. 50. W. Lat. 21.
18. N. .
Jardines de la Reyna, numerous collection of
rocks and islets, near S. coast of Cuba. Lon.
79. 30. W. Lat. 21. N.
Jardin del Rey, range of small isles, and rocks,
near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 78. W. Lat. 22;
15. N.
Jardinillos, cluster of small isles and, rocks,
near S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 81. 30. W. Lat
21. 14. N. -,
Jorde, t. France, Cher ; 9 NW. Sancerre. ,
Jareca, or Yareca, X. Syria, in the desert ; IS
NNE. Palmyra.
Jarfso, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 36 NW.
Soderhamn. Jaretta, (La,) r. Sicily, which runs into the
sea, 6 S. Catania.
Jargeau, X. France, in Loiret, on the Loire ;
9 SE. Orleans, 24 NW. Gien. Pop. 2,441.
Jargepour, X. Hind., in Cattack ; 35 NE. Cat
tack. Jargong, X. Bengal , 13 SW. Midnapour.
Jargrod, X. Rus. Podolia ; 36 SSW. Braclaw.
Jarhisar, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 40 NW.
Kiutaja. Lon. 30. 3. E. Lat. 39. 43. N.
Jarjaria, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 60
SSE. Bagdad.
Jarim, see Farim.
Jariszow, X. Rus. Podolia ; 56 S. Braclaw.
Jar-kevi, X. Natolia ; 30 SW. Angura.
Jarlsberg, X. Norway, and capital, of a district
abounding in mines, in the diocess of Aggerhu
us; 5 N. Tonsberg. ,
Jarman. X. Africa, in Sahara. Lon. 6. 26 E
Lat. 18. 57. N.
Jarmen, X. Pomerania ; 3 SW. Gutzkow, 10
E. Demmin. Lat. 53. 57. N. Pop. 602.
Jama, X. Sweden, in Dalecarlia ; 35 WSW
Fahlun.

JAR

806

JAS

Jarnac, t. France, in Charente, on the Cha
rente; 6. E. Cognac, 17 E. Angoulesme. Pop.
1,726. Near this town the duke of Anjou, af
terwards Henry III., obtained a victory over the
Calvinists in 1669.
Jarnage, X. France, in Creuse ; 9 E. Gueret,
16 S. Boussac Pop. 726.
Jarnskog, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 38 NW.
Carlstadt. Jarnus, X. Egypt ; 13 N. Abu Girgc
Jaroczew, X. Poland ; 20 WNW. Kalisch.
Jaromieritz, or Jarmeriz, X. Moravia, Znaym ;
4 NE. Budweis, 16 N. Znaym. Lon. 15. 50. E.
Lat. 49. 2. N. Pop. 1,456.
Jaromirz, or Jaromira, X. Bohemia, in Koni
gingratz ; 9 N. Konigingratz, 61 ENE. Prague.
Pop. 2,726.
Jaron, or Jarrtm, X. Persia, in Farsistan, in the
road from Ispahan to Gombroon ; 80 S. Schiras,
180 SW. Sirgian. Lon. 62. 42. E. Lat. 28. 35.
N. The houses are built of earth, and the
mosques are mean. In the town and gardens
are numerous palm-trees, highly esteemed by
the Persians for their beauty and their fruit.
Jans, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of France. Lon. 6. 25. E. Lat. 43.
12. N.
Jaroslavl, or Jaroslaw, city, Russia, and capi
tal of a government to which it gives name ;
144 NNE. Moscow, 340 ESE. Petersburg. Lon.
40. 10. E. Lat. 57. 37. N. Pop. 18,961. H.
2,052. Bp. see. It contains 44 chh., 3 con
vents, a gymnasium, and a seminary. It is a
large, well built , and commercial town, situated
on the Volga. In the town there are upwards
of 50 manufactures of Russia leather ; and in
the neighbourhood are large manufactures,
which employ 6,000 artisans, first established
by Czar Peter I., and rendered very flourishing
by the care of Ernest .fohn, duke of Courland,
during his exile in this place.
Jaroslavskoi, or Jaroslaw, government, Russia,
bounded E. by Kostrom, N. by»Vologda fa Nov
gorod, W. by Tverskoi, fa S. by Vladimir, about
160 in. in length, and from 30 to 110 in breadth.
Pop. 810,000. Sq. m. 14,340.
Jaroslaw, X. Austrian Galicia ; 48 WNW. Lem
berg, 1 10 E. Cracow. Pop. 7,000. It has from
the year 1773 belonged to the emperor, and is
included in the new kingdom of Galicia. It is
famous for its great fair, and its fine buildings.
Jarosol, t. Rus. Kiev ; 36 W. Bialacerkiev.
Jarotschyn, X. Pru. Posen ; 32 NW. Kalisch.
Pop. 822.
Jarou-Sanpoo, branch ofthe Sanpoo, or Bur-
rampooter river, which rises in Thibet, about
30 E. Darmadijira,
Jarovina, X. Albania ; 7 E. Delvinaki.
Jarpour, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 24 E. Bahbel-
gong. Jarrah, X. Hind., Oude ; 14 S. Allahabad.
Jarrah, t. Hind., Chandail ; 30 W. Saipour.
Jarrah, X. Africa, Ludamar ; 26 W. Benowm.
Lon. 7. 33. W. Lat. 16. 7. N. It is a large
town, built of stone, intermixed with clay.
Jarrie, (La,) X. France, in Lower-Charente ;
1 SE. La Rochelle, 14 N. Rochfort. Pop. 869.
Janis Gore, Penobscot co. Me. Pop. 139.
Jarusow, X. Aust. Galicia ; 12 NE. Lemberg.
Jarzi, x. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 4 W.
Bauge, 17 NE. Angers. Pop. 1,677.

Jasod, t. Persia, Segestan ; 50 S. Zareng.
Jasenitz, X. Pomerania, on W; side of the
Oder, near its mouth ; 10 N. Stettin. Pop. 1,000.
Jasienowka, t. Russia, in Grodno ; 17 N.by W.
Bialystock. Pop. 700.
Jasingpour, X. Hind., Oude ; 30 S. Fyzabad.
Jask, X. Croatia ; 14 N. Carlstadt.
Jask, t. Persia, in Mecran, 2 miles from the
sea. Lon. 57. 40. E. Lat. 35. 30. N. It con
sists of 250 huts, and is governed by a chief,
who is tributary to the Imam of Mascat.
Jaskas, t. Finland, in Abo ; 14 NW. Abo.
Jaslo, t. Russia, in Sandomirz ; 72 SSW. San
domirz. Jaslo, t. Aust. Galicia, capital of a circle of
foe same name, on the river Jaslo ; 72 SSW.
Sendomir. Pop. 1,493. Pop. of the circle
195,048. Sq. m. 1,102.
Jaslowiecz, t. Aust. Poland, in Kaminiec ; 41
WNW. Kaminiec.
Jaslowitz, or Joslowitz, X. Moravia, in Znaym ;
10 SE. Znaym.
Jasrownd, peninsula of the island of Rugen,
which, with another peninsula, called Witto,
forms a large bay, fronting the NE., which, in
hazy weather, often proves destructive to ves
sels. The bay is called Tromperwyck. Lon. 13.
45. E. Lat 64. 35. N.
Jasnikimier, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 26 ESE. Bi
alacerkiev. Jasnitz Thai, r. Stiria, which runs into the
Muhr, near Pruck.
Jasoun, X. A. Turkey, in the government of
Sivas, on the Black sea ; 75 NE. Samsoun.
Jasper, formerly Randolph, co. Georgia. Pop.
in 1810, 7,573; slaves, 1,826. Pop. in 1820,
14,614. Chief town, Monticello.
Jasper, p-v. Marion co. Ten. ; 80 Murfrees-
borough, W. 664.
Jasque, t. Persia, Mecran, which gives name
lo a cape in the gulf of Ormuz. Lou. 59. 4. E.
Lat. 25. 40. N.
Jasquevilla, r. New-Mexico, which runs into
the Colorado.
Jassari, X. Sweden, in the Lapmark of Kimi,
in the gulf of Bothnia ; 50 NNE. Kimi.
Jassari, r. Sweden, which runs into gulf of
Bothnia, at the town of Jassari.
Jassbereny, or Jaszbereny, Hungary, capital of
the county of Jazygian ; 50 E. Buda. Lon. 20.
3. E. Lat. 47. 27. N. Pop. 12,088. H. 2,000.
The adjacent country is fertile ; and the town
has considerable traffic in cattle and horses;
and is remarkable for having been the residence
of Attila.
Jassena, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 8 NE.
Konigingratz. Jassi, X. Turkestan, on foe Sirr; 140W.Tar-az.
Jassingpour, X. Oude ; 9 E. Sultanpeur.
Jassum-kalasi, X. A. Turkey, on W. coast of
Natolia ; 40 W. Moglah.
Jassy, (an. Jassiorum MunicipiumJ city fa
capital of Moldavia ; 200 E. Otchakov, 370 N.
Constantinople. Lon. 27. 30. E Lat. 47. 8. N.
Pop. 14,963. H. 6,000. Greek abp. see. It
contains 43 chh. and chapels, and 8. convents.
It is said to have contained formerly a popula
tion of 80,000 It is supposed to have been a
garrison town in the time of the Romans : it
has a citadel, and some fortifications. The in-

JAV

807

JAU

habitants are chiefly Greeks. In the year 1753,
it was almost wholly burned down, with the
palace of the hospodar, some Roman Catholic
convents, and a Protestant Lutheran church. It
is a large and strong town, on the Pruth.
Jastrovicz, X. Croatia ; 4 NW. Damianovitz.
Jastrow, or Jastrowie, X. Pru. Posen, in Brom
berg, on the Kuddow. Lon. 16. 49. E. Lat. 63.
25. N. Pop. 2,566.
Jasur, or Zagur, v. Palestine, in foe road from
Jaffa to Rama, at which are the remains of a
fort ; 4 E, Jaffa. Here is a mosque, erected by
a dervise, whose memory is much respected by
the Mahometans for his active virtues.
Jasus, now Assem-Kalasi.
Jaswony, X. Samogitia ; 24 SE. Rosienne.
Jasyenicz, X. Prussia ; 28 NNW. Culm.
Jot, t. Sweden, in Smaland ; 20 S. Wexio.
Jalinum, now Meaux.
Jatoe, X. Borneo ; 120 N. Negara.
Jatshmiasin, convent, Armenia, in the plain
of Erivan, near Mount Ararat. It is the resi
dence of the Armenian patriarchs, and is a
splendid edifice, consisting of several courts.
Jattendals, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 16 N.
Hudwickswall. Jattra, X. Bengal ; 15 N. Midnapour.
Jolts, small island in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Guinea. Lon. 15. 50. W. Lat. 11.
48. N.
Jau de St. Elias, X. Brazil, on the river Ne
gro ; 70 W. fort Rio Negro.
Java, a large island in the Eastern seas, be
longing to foe Netherlands ; 642 miles in length,
and 128 where widest, and about 85 on an av
erage, in breadth. Lon. 105. to 114. 45. E.
Lat. 5. 45. to 8. 48. S. Sq. m. 51,000 Pop. in
J815, 4,615,270. The inhabitants are chiefly
composed of Javanese and Malays, and are
Mahometans. There is a considerable proportion
of Chinese on the coasts and in the seaports.
The island is divided nearly in its whole
length by a range of mountains extending from
E. to W. Many of the summits are volcanic.
The coasts are low and marshy, and the climate
hot and unhealthy; but in the interior and ele
vated parts, it is more salubrious and temperate.
It is watered by numerous streams, and the
coast is indented by a number of fine bays, as
foose of Bantam, Batavia, Cheribon, Samarang,
Joana, and Sourabaya. Batavia is the capital
of foe Dutch East India possessions. The na
tive capital is Sura-kerta.
Java possesses a soil of extraordinary fertility.
In no part of foe world is vegetation more lux
uriant, or the wants of man more easily supplied.
The staple production is rice, which is raised in
such abundance that the island has been called
the granary of the east. Sugar, pepper, coffee,
and cotton are very important productions.
Other articles of export are indigo, teak timber,
spices brought from the Molucca's, tin from
Banca, cotton, yarn, salt, and edible birds'
nests. — Java abounds in a variety of plants,
fruits, valuable trees, animals, birds, and fishes.
The literary and scientific world were impos
ed upon by an account of foe upas, or poison
tree of Java, published in Holland in 1780. It
was described as situated in the centre of the
Sland, and destroying, by its noxious effluvia, I

all animal and vegetable life in its vicinity, to
to the extent of 10 or 12 miles around. It is
now ascertained that this tree has no real exist
ence. There are, however, trees in Java, from
which a poison is extracted ; one in particular,
which is used by the natives of Macassar to
poison their arrows. A wound inflicted by an
instrument dipped in the poison, causes almost
instant death. This tree has no bad effects on
the atmosphere, and it is usually surrounded by
a luxuriant vegetation.
Java Head, the W. point of the isl. of Java.
Lon. 104. 50. E. Lat. 6. 47. S.
Java Sea, that part of foe E. Indian sea,
which lies between Java to the S., Sumatra
to the W., the islands of Banca, Billiton, and
Borneo to the N., and the island of Celebes to
theE. Javarin, see Raab.
Javat, or Tschavat, X. Persia, in Schirvan, at
the union of the Aras and foe Kur; 45 S.
Scamachie. Lon. 48. 10. E. Lat. 39. 56. N.
Jaude, X. France, in Charente ; 9 NNE. An-
goulesme. Jaudoniere, (La,) X. France, in Vindee ;. 9 W.
La Chataigneraye.
Javenby, X. Sweden, in West-Bothnia; 8 S.
Pitea. Jauer, ci-devant principality, Silesia, bound
ed N. by the principalities of Glogau and Sagan,
E. by Liegnitz and Schweidnitz, S. by Bohemia,.
and W. by Bohemia and Lusatia. The whole-
principality is mountainous. Its mountains are
covered with wood. The principal towns are-
Jauer, Hirschberg, Lowenberg, and Buntzlau, all
of which give name to circles or districts, and
are their respective capitals. It now forms a
part of the government of'Reicbenbach.
Jauer, X. Silesia, in Reichenbach, capital of a
circle, formerly capital of the principality of the
same name ; 16 NW. Schweidnitz, 31 W..Bres*
lau. Lon. 16. 18. E. Lat. 51. N. Pop. 4,588.
H. 658. Cath. chh. 5., Luth. 1.
Javerda, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 10 S. Cal-
berga. Javerlhac, t. France, in Dordogne ; 4 NW.
Nontron. Pop. 1,087.
Javerniek, t Silesia, in' Schweidnitz ; 6 SE.
Waldenburg. Jauja, see Xauxa.
Jaujac, or Jaulnac, X. France, in Ardeche ; 15
SW. Privas. Pop. 1,500.
Jaujesmow, X. Hind., in Oude ; 15 N. Corah.
Lon. 80. 46. E. Lat. 26. 25. N.
Javiso, r. Naples, which runs into the Crate,
in Calabria Citra.
Jauldoe, X. Bengal ; 40 WSW. Ragonatpour.
142 NW. Calcutta. Lon. 86. 7. E. Lat 23.
23. N.
Jaulnais, X. France, in Vienne ; 6 N. Poitiers,
10 SSW. Chatellerault Pop. 1,410.
Jaulno, X. Hind., in Aurungabad; 28 NE.
Aurungabad. Jaun, see Yellowstone. i
Javomick, mt. Carniola ; 16 E. Trieste.
Javron, t. France, in Mayenne ; 5 NNW.
Vilaine, 6 E. Lassay:
Jauru, r. Brazil, in Matto Grosso, which rises
in the plains of Xarexis, in Lon. 58. 30 W
Lat. 14. 42. S. It flows S. to Lat. 16. 45. S. ;'

JEB

808

JED

after which it turns to the SE. for 34 leagues,
till by a further course of 60 leagues, it falls into
the Paraguay on W. side, in Lat. 16. 24. S., 7
leagues S. Villa Maria. On its banks are abund
ant salt pits.
Jausier, or Jauziers, t. France, in Lower-
Alps ; 4 NE. Barcelonette. Pop. 2,200.
Jauxa, see Atun Xauxa..
Jawata, X. Japan, Niphon ; 90 WNW. Meaco.
Jawberrya, X. Bengal ; 21 NW. Calcutta.
Jawor, X. Lithuania ; 48 SSW. Novogrodek.
Jaworrow, X. Aust. Galicia, celebrated for its
warm baths ; 25 W. Lemberg. Pop. 4,000.
Jaxarles, now Sir.
Jaxt, r. Wurtemberg, which rises about 2. N.
Laucheim, passes by Elwangen, Creilsheim,
Kirchberg; Langenburg, Meckmuhl, Neidenau,
fac. and runs into the Neckar, opposite to
Wimpfen. Jaxt, circle, Wurt, divided into 14 districts.
Pop. 329,300. Sq. m. 1,993. Seat of govern
ment, Elwangen.
Jaxtberg, or Yaxtberg, X. Wurt., on the Jaxt,
6 S. Mergentheim, 31 S. Wurzburg. Pop. 310.
Jaxt-Zell, X. Wurt. ; 5 N. Elwangen. P. 470.
Jay, t. Orleans co. Vt; 60 N. Montpelier.
Fop. 52.
Jay, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 21 NE. Paris, 175.
NNE. Boston, W. 608. Pop. ls614.
Jay, p-t.Essex co. N. Y. ; 20 NNW. Elizabeth-
town, 40 S. by W. Plattsburg, 140 N. Albany,
W. 498. Pop. 1,647.
Jayes, X. Hind., in Oude ; 30 N. Manickpour.
Jaygokg, X. Bootan ; 25 N. Beyhar.
Jaynagur, X. Bengal ; 6 NE. Mahmudpour.
Lon. 89. 46. E. Lat. 23. 28. N.
Jaynagur, X. Bengal ; 42 N. Ramgur.
Jaynagur, X. Hind., in Bahar; 15 NNE. Dur-
buogah. Lon. S6. 20. E. Lat. 26. 33. N.
Jaypour, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 192 WSW. Cat
tack, 400 SSW. Patna. Lat. 19. 5. N.
Jayspiz, X. Moravia, in Znaym ; 10 N. Znaym,
12 WSW. Crumau. Lon.15. 53. E. Lat. 48.57.N.
Jazar, or Jazer, city, Palestine, beyond the
Jordan, at the foot of the mountains of Gilead.
Jazira, (Desert of) tract of A. Turkey, ex
tending along the Euphrates from Balis to An
bar. The government of Diarbekir is al90 called
Jazira, or Al Jezira, or Al Gezira.
Jazygien,co. Hungary, containing some sandy
plains, but no mountains ; producing grain,
cattle, fac. Pop. 42,557. Sq. m. 360.
Jean de Barre., isl. Africa, in the kingdom of
Senegal, about 15 miles in circumference.
Jean Rabel, X. St. Domingo, at foe mouth of
a river on NW. coast ; 10 NE. St. Nicholas
Mole. Lon. 74. W. Lat. 19. 56. N.
Jeatpour, X. Bengal ; 20 N. Kishenagur.
Jebakshour, X. Turkish Armenia ; 45 S. Arzen-
gan, 45 W. Moush.
Jebara Cunaca, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 20 NNE.
Jedo. Jebel Hemrin, mt. A. Turkey; near the Tigris ;
27 N. Tecrit «¦•
Jebel Jehusi, mt. Egypt, near Old Cairo, on
which it is supposed Babylon was situated.
Jebel Ocrab, (an. Mount CassiusJ mt. Syria,
near the coast of the Mediterranean, and about
2 S. from the river Orontes.
Jebel Sheik, mt. Syria, at the foot of which
the river Jordan takes its rise ; near Paneas.

Jebel Tolosa, (an. Mount Rossus,) mt. Syria,
near the coast of the Mediterranean, on S. side
of the bay of Alexandretta; 20 SW. Alexan
dretta. Jebenhausen, X. Wurt., district of Rems and
Filz. Pop. 717.
Jebhan,X. Hind., Lahore ; 55 NNE. Behnbur.
Jebilee, see Gibelel.
Jebiniana, X. Tunis ; 15 SE. El Jemme.
Jebna, X. Falestine, on fhe site of the ancient
city of Gath, and afterwards called Ibelin, and
Jamnia ; 10 S. Jaffa. Here was a fortress
erected by Foulques, king of Jerusalem, in the
year 1137.
Jebugy, t. on S. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 122.
35. E. Lat. 7. 15. N.
Jebus, see Jerusalem.
Jecova, X. Servia ; 25 NW. Prisrendy.
Jecker, r. Neth., which runs into the Meuse,
at Maestricht.
Jed, r. Scot, which runs into the Tiviot, 2 N.
Jedburgh. Jedburgh, X. Scot, cap. of Roxburghshire, and
a royal burgh, on the river Jed; 45 SSE. Edin
burgh, 324 N. London. Lon. 2. 38. W. Lat. 55.
38. N. Pop. 2,827 ; of the parish 4,927. It is
a place of great antiquity, pleasantly situated on
a declivity, surrounded on all sides by high hills.
It contains a parish church, and 3 dissenting
meeting houses, and has considerable woollen
manufactures, 4 annual fairs, and a market on
Tuesday. Jedlinski, X. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 8 SSW.
Radom. Jednitza, X. Hungary, on the borders of Mo
ravia ; 30 N. Topoltzan.
Jeddo, Jedo, or Yeddo, city, Japan, capital of
foe empire, at foe head of a large bay, at the
mouth of a river, in SE. of Niphon ; 160 E. by
N. Meaco. Lon. 140. E. Lat. 36. 30. N. The
population has heretofore been estimated at
1,000,000. In 1812-13, the Japanese stated
to Golowan, that the population exceeded
10,000,0u0 ; that in the principal streets were
280,000 houses, each containing from 30 to 40
persons; and that in the city there were
36,000 blind men. Meaco was formerly the
capita], and is still the residence of the spiritual
emperor ; but the civil and military emperor
has his residence at Jeddo. This city is 7 miles
long, 5 broad, and 20 in circuit. It has no walls,
except those which surround the palace. It is
said not to be surpassed in magnificence by any
city in Asia, since, besides the usual accompa
niments of a capital, all the princes and great
men are obliged to make it their residence for
half of the year. It contains, therefore, many
splendid palaces, which stand by themselves,
surrounded by large court-yards and stately
gates, and, though built only of wood, and one
story high, are distinguished by varnished stair
cases, large and finely ornamented apartments.
The palace of the emperor may be properly
called a great fortified city. It is situated in the
heart of the general city, said to be 5 leagues
in circuit, surrounded with walls and ditches,
and containing several fortified- buildings,
which have the appearance of castles. The
outer part is composed of streets, containing,
many palaces, in which reside the princes of

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809

JEG

the blood, ministers and other publicfunction-
aries. In the centre is the emperor's palace, the
body of it being of only one high story, but
adorned with a square tower raised many sto
ries high. Unlike all other Japanese structures,
it is well built of free stone, and is surrounded
by a wall of the same material. The city is
intersected by branches of foe river, and by
canals. It is the seat of an extensive commerce,
and has many flourishing manufactures. It is
greatly exposed to the ravages of fire. In 1658,
100,000 houses were reduced to ashes in 48
hours. Jedso, see Jeso.
Jedownilz, t. Moravia, in Brunn ; 10 NNE.
Brunn. Pop. 803.
Jeeagur, X. Bengal ; 43 SSE. Curruckpour.
Jeembaree, t. Bengal ; 12 NNW. Koonda.
Jeemworee, t Hind., Oude ; 40 E. Fyzabad.
Jeetka,X. Bengal ; 28 NNW. Dacca.
Jefferson, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 28 NE.
Wiscasset, 186 NNE. Boston, W. 620. Pop. 1,577.
Jefferson, p-t. Coos co. N. H. ; 7 SE. Lancas
ter, W. 661. Pop. 252.
Jefferson, co. N. Y. ; bounded NW. by the
St. Lawrence, NE. by St. Lawrence co., SE.
by Lewis and Oswego cos., S. by Oneida co.,
and W. by lake Ontario. Pop. in 1810, 15,140 ;
in 1820, 32,952. Chief town, Watertown.
Jefferson, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. ; 48 SW.
Albany, W. 349. Pop. 1,573.
Jefferson, X. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,231.
Jefferson, co. NW. part of Pa. ; bounded N.
by Warren and M'Kean cos., E. by M'Kean and
Clearfield cos., S. by Indiana co., and W. by
Armstrong and Venango cos. Pop. 562.
Jefferson, p-t. Greene co. Pa. ; W. 238. Pop.
1,158 Jefferson, t. Washington co. Pa. ; 17 miles
from Washington.
Jefferson, co., N. part of Va. ; bounded NE.
by the Potomac, E. by Loudoun co., S. by
Frederick co., and W. by Berkle^co. Pop. in
1810, 11,861; slaves 3,532. Pop. in 1820, 13,087.
Chief town, Charlestown.
Jefferson, co. E. part of Ohio. Pop. 18,531.
Chief town, Steubenville.
Jefferson, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 916.
Jefferson, X. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 612.
Jefferson, p-t. fa cap. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on
Mill creek ; about 65 E. Cleveland, 200 NE.
Columbus, W. 368.
Jefferson, X. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 559.
Jefferson, X. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 349.
Jefferson, X. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 1,169.
Jefferson, p-t. Pickaway co. Ohio. It is .situ
ated in Pickaway plains ; 3 S. Circleville, 16 N.
Chillicothe, W. 422.
Jefferson, X. Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop,
1,339. Jefferson, X. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 829.
Jefferson, X. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 876.
Jefferson, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 345.
Jefferson, t Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 1,407.
Jefferson, X. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 469.
Jefferson, X. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 430-
Jefferson, co. Indiana. Pop. 8,038. Chief
town, Madison.
Jefferson, co. Illinois. Pop. 691 . Chief town,
Fairfield. Vol. I. 102

Jefferson, ,p-v. Powhatan co. Va. ; 32 Rich--
mond, W. 159.
Jefferson, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio.
Pop. in 1810, 13,399 ; slaves 3,347. Pop. in
1820, 20,768. Chief town, Louisville.
Jefferson, co. East Tennessee. Pop. in 1810,
7,309 ; slaves 783. Pop. in 1820, 8,953. Chief
town, Dandridge.
Jefferson, p-t. Rutherford co. Ten. ; 22 SSE.
Nashville, W. 727. Near this town is a mineral
spring. Jefferson, co. central part of Georgia. Pop.
in 1810, 6,111; slaves 2,336. Pop. in 1820,
6,362. Chief town, Louisville. Jefferson baths,
in this county, 12 NE. Louisville, are much re
sorted to.
Jefferson, p-t. Camden co. Georgia, on the
Great Satilla; 56 SW. Darien, W. 766. Pop. in
1810, 78. It is the seat of justice for the county.
It is situated about 20 miles from the mouth of
foe river.
Jefferson, or Jeffersonton, p-t. fa cap. Jackson
co. Georgia; 18 Athens, 90 Milledgeville, 110
Augusta, 227 NW. Savannah, W. 699. It is a
small village, containing a court house, a jail,
and an academy.
Jefferson, co. Mississippi, on E. side of the
Mississippi. Pop. 6,822.
Jefferson; X. Missouri, on the south side of the
Missouri, on a bluff, 8 or 10 miles above the
mouth of the Osage. This place was fixed on
for the seat of government of the state, in 1822.
Jeffenon, p-v. Saline co. Missouri ; 200 St.
Louis, W. 1,099.
Jefferson, r. N. A. It is a head fork of the
Missouri, in the Rocky mountains.
Jefferson, co. Missouri, on the Mississippi.
Pop. 1,835. Chief town, Herculaneum.
Jefferson's Island, see Riou's Island.
Jeffersonton, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. ; 20 N.
Culpeper, W. 62.
Jeffersonton, p-v. Ashe co. N. C. ; W. 429.
Jeffersontown, p-t. Jefferson co. Ken. ; W.
610. Jcffersonvillc, X. Tazewell co. Va., on N. fork
of Clinch river ; 50 NE. Abingdon
Jeffersonvilk, p-t. Clark co. Indiana, on the
Ohio, just above the rapids, and nearly opposite
to Louisville ; W. 619. Lat. 38. 30. N. It is a
flourishing town, and contains a land office, and
about 130 houses.
Jeffery's Creek, r. S. C, which runs into the
Great Pedee, Lon. 79. 29. W. Lat. 34. 8. N.
Jeffery's Ledge, a sand bank on the coast of
Massachusetts, between Cape Ann and Casco
bay. Lon. 69. 38. W. Lat. 43. 10. N.
Jefremov, X. Russia, in Tula ; 72 S. by E. Tula.
Pop. 2,200.
Jegenoe, small isl. Denmark, in Lymfiord gulf.
Lon. 8. 38. E. Lat. 56. 39. N. It contains two
villages. Jegni-basar, X. Natolia ; 28 N. Mogla, 60 E.
Scala Nova. Lon. 28. 12. E. Lat. 37. 35. N.
Jegnican, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 12 ESE.
Sophia. Jegni-kevi, X. Natolia ; 24 NNW. Degnizlu.
Jegni-kevi, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 4&
WSW. Burgas.
Jegnipangola, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; HO
ESE. Pristrat

JEL

810

JEN

Jegnishehr, X. Natolia ; 15 S. Isnik.
Jegnichehr, or Janichere, X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia; 28 W. Degnizlu, 35 E. Guzelhizar. Itis
situated on a small eminence, near some ruins,
supposed to be those of Antioch on the Meander.
This place is remarkable for being the spot
where Soleybey Ogle was defeated by the troops
ofthe Grand Seignior, in 1739.
Jegun, t. France, Gers ; 8 NNW. Auch, 13 S.
Condon. Lon. 0. 32. E. Lat. 43. 45. N. Pop.
2,018. Jehanabad, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 12 NW. Sase
ram. Lon. 83. 58. E. Lat. 25. 3. N.
Jehaoul, X. Hind., Moultan ; 15 WNW, Ad-
jodin. Jehenabad, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 25 SSW. Patna.
Lon. 85. 11. E. Lat. 26. 12. N.
Jejo, mt. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 18 NNE
Oppido. Jejuara, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 18 NW. Durbun-
gah. Lon. 85. 50. E. Lat. 26. 19. N.
Jejurry, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 12 E. Poorundar.
Jekaterinburg, see Ekaterinburg.
Jekil-ermak, (an. Iris,) r. A. Turkey, which
runs into foe Black sea, near Samsouu.
Jekaterinoslau, see Ekaterinoslaw.
Jekniabad, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 60 ENE.
Bost. Jekisinokori, X, Japan, in Niphon ; 65 NNE.
Meaco. Jekyl Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
foe coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Ala
tamaha. Lon. 81. 40. W. Lat. 31. 7,N.
Jelalabad, X. Hind., Oude ; 18 SE- Azimgur.
Jelalabad,X. Hind., Rohilcund ; 42 S. Bereilly.
Jelalabad, X. Hind., in Oude ; 8 S. Lucknow.
Jelalpour, X. Hind., Oude ; 17 NNE. Raat.
Jelatgur, X. Bengal ; 8 N. PurnSah.
Jelatma, see Elatma.
Jelaul, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 13 NW. Rotas.
Jelenghian, X. Curdistan ; 60 SE. Van.
Jeleny, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 14 SSE-
Konigingratz. Jeletz, see Eletz.
Jelezenskaia-crepost, v. fa fort, Russia, in To
bolsk, on the Irtisch. H. 130. Lat. 53. 51. N.
Jelina, t. Lithuania ; 15 SE. Lida.
Jelgpvan,X. Hind., Bahar; 17 NNE. Bahar.
Jetto, t Burmah, on the Ava ; 10 S. Luridsey.
Jellantra, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 36 SW. Ganjam.
Jellasore, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 80 SSW. Cal-
- cutta. Lon. 87. 16. E. Lat. 21. 56. N.
Jellassar, X. Hind., in Agra, on the borders of
Dooab ; 18 NNE. Agra, 99 SE. Delhi. Lon. 78.
44. E. Lat. 27. 25. N.
Jelling, X. Denmark, in North Jutland, for
merly a royal city ; 14.N. Colding.
Jellinghy River, branch ofthe Ganges, which
separates from the main stream, near Jellinghy,
and, joined by another branch about 50 miles N.
Calcutta, forms foe Hoogly.
Jellmghy, t. Hind., in Bengal, on the right
side of the Ganges ; 22 E. Moorshedabad, 90 N.
Calcutta. Lon 88 48. E. Lat. 24. 6. N.
Jellondanger, X. Hind., on the left bank of foe
Dewah ; 7 SE. Fyzabad.
Jelloud,t. Hind., Oude; 10 SSE. Fyzabad. ,
Jelloulah, X. Tunis ; 10 NW. Cairoan.
Jelmo, small island in the,Norfo sea, near the
ooast of Lapland. Lat. 74. 8. N.

Jelmore, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 16 N. Cicacole.
Jelna, t. Russia, in Smolensko, on the Dema ;
42 S. by E. Smolensk, 184 W. by S. Moscow.
Pop. 900.
Jelolpour, X. Hind. ;"22 NNW. Benares.
Jelonga, X. Bengal ; 13 E. Doesa.
JetpesA, t. Hind., Bengal ; 30 WNW. Beyhar.
Jelpigory, X. Hind., Bengal ; 40 W. Beyhar.
Jetso,t. Norway, Bergen ; 22 NNE. Stavanger t
Jelvadi, X. Natolia ; 22 E. Isbarteh.
Jeltsch, v. fa fort, Silesia, and a pass on the
Oder; 3 ESE. Breslau. Pop, 700.
Jemappe, p-t. Caroline co. Va. ; W. 70.
Jemappe, X. Netherlands, on the Sambre ; 10
W. Namur.
Jemappetta, X. Hind., in Barramaul ; 12 SE.
Namacul. Jemarrow, km. Africa, on the S. side Of the
river Gambia ; 120 miles from the sea. The
inhabitants are chiefly Mahometans.
Jemba, r. Russia, which rises in Upha, and
runs into foe Caspian sea, Lon. 64. 39. E. Lat.
46. 57. N.
Jemdar, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 17 E. Hajypour,
Jemella, now Salini.
Jemgwm, t. Han., E. Friesland, on the Ems ;
10 SE. Emden. Pop. 1,137.
Jemlah, X. Thibet, which gives name to a dis
trict ; 230 N. Fyzabad. Lon. 81. 33. E. Lat.
30. 35. N.
Jemm'e, (El,) (an. Tisdra, or Tisdrus,) X, Africa,
in Tunis ; 40 SSE. Cairoan, 90 S. Tunis. Here
are found several antiquities, as altars with de
faced inscriptions ; a variety of columns ; a
great many trunks and arms of marble statues,
One, of which is ofthe colossal kind in armour;
another is of a naked Venus. But Jemme is
most remarkably distinguished by the beautiful
remains of a spacious amphitheatre, which con
sisted originally of 64 arches, and four orders
of columns, placed one above another.
Jemminghen, or Jemgum, X. Han., in East
Friesland, where Louis of Nassau, brother to
the prince of Orange, was defeated with great
loss by the duke of Alva, in the year 1568 ; 8
SE. Emden. Pop. 1,200.
Jemoo, r. on N. side of Java, which runs into
the sea, Lon. 111. 8. E. Lat. 6. 47. S.
Jemroud, X. Candahar ; 30 W. Chizni.
Jemrigauchy, X. Bootan ; 15 NE. Tassasndon.
Lon. 89. 45. E. Lat. 28. N.
Jemseg, X. New Brunswick ; 25 ESE. Freder-
ickstown. Lon. 66. 13. W. Lat. 45, 55. N.
Jemserum,X. Sweden, Smaland; 45 N. Cal
mar. Jemshog, X. Sweden, Blekingen ; 12 WNW .
Carlshamn. Jemtland, or Jemptland, see Jamtland.
Jena, X. Weimar, in foe province of Weimar ;
11 E. by S. Weimar, 42 SW. Leipsic, 49 E.
Eisenach. Lon. 11. 37. E. Lat. 50. 56. N. Pop.
5,100. »H. 80,6. Churches 5, hospitals 3, It is
near the Saale, which washes it on the E. and
S. sides ; in a pleasant valley, among rising
hills, which produce great quantities of wine.
It forms an oblong square, and is surrounded
with walls, ditches, and towers, and has some
manufactures of linen and hats. But it is dis
tinguished chiefly for its university, founded in
1558, one of the most celebrated in Germany.

JEN

8U

JER

One half of it belongs to the duke of Weimar ;
foe other half to Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Coburg, and
Saxe-Meinungen. It consists of 4 faculties,
divinity, law, medicine, and philosophy, which
are taught by 18 regular, and 15 extraordinary
professors ; there are besides, 10 or 12 private
teachers in the town. The number of students,
in 1817, was 659. There are belonging to the
university a church, class rooms for foe 4 facul
ties, a public hall, an observatory, a celebrated
anatomical theatre, a repository for archives, a
large library, a lying-in hospital, a good botan
ical garden, fac There are two distinguished
literary societies, and the literary journals of
this place are of great repute in Germany.
Jena has acquired great notoriety as being
the scene of a great battle, fought between the
French and Prussians on the 14th Oct. 1806 ;
in which the latter were defeated with great
loss. This battle was a fatal blow to the 'Prus
sian monarchy.
Jena, X. S. A., in Quito ; 12 S. Archidona.
Jenboa, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea. Lon. 37.
32. E. Lat. 24. 7. N. It is the largest and most
considerable town on foe Arabian coast, next
to Jidda.
Jenckendorf X. Bavaria ; 5 E. Volckach.
Jendrzciov, X. Russia, in.Sandomirz ; 10 SW.
Malogocz. Jeneahgur, or Jagneh, X. fa fortress, Hind., in
Bejapore, or Aurungabad, belonging to the
Mahrattas. Lon. 73. 46. E. Lat. 20. 15. N.
Jenet, t. Africa, in Sahara ; 200 SE. Gadamis.
Lon. 13. 10. E. Lat. 27. 50. N.
Jenghiji, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 12
NW.Bagdad. Jenghikand, t. Turkestan, on the Sirr; 270
WSW. Tonkat.
Jengi, t. Hind., in Cutch, near foe coast ; 21
S. Tahej.
Jengoko, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 50 E. Jeddo.
Jenhat, circar, Hind., in Lahore, between the
rivers Behat and Chuuaub, about 120 miles in
length from N. to S. and from 10 to 50 in
breadth. Gujurat is the chief town.
Jenjapour, r. Hind., iri Bahar ; 20 ENE.Dur-
bungah. Lon. 86. 28. E. Lat. 26. 14. N. '
Jeni-bmar, or Novi-basar, X. Eu. Turkey, in
Servia, on a branch of the river Ibar, anciently
foe capital of the Rascians; 83 NE. Ragusa,
175 W. Nicopoli. Lon. 19. 59. E. Lat. 43. 40.
N. Fop. 8,000.
Jenicoro, or Platamone, (an. Haliacmon,) r.
Eu. Turkey, which runs into the gulf of Salon
iki, at Platamone.
Jenjeree, X. Hind., Bahar ; 30 NE. Monghier.
Jenjiam, X. Hind., Moultan ; 40 W. Adjodin.
Jenikaleh, or Jenikol, X. fa fortress, Russia, in
Taurida, in the narrow channel, between the
Black sea and the sea of Azoph ; 15 NE. Kerch.
Lon. 36. 26. E. Lat. 45. 21. N. Pop. 376. This
channel is called the Strait of Taman, or Caffa,
and Jenikalic Sound. Pop. about2,000. This for
tress and that of Kerch 12 mites SW. defend the
passage from the Black sea to the sea of Azoph.
Jenikow, t. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 24 SW.
Czaslau. i
Jenishehr, X. Persia ; 15 SE. Jorjan.
Jenitz, X. Anhalt Dessau, on foe Muldau ; 2
NE. Dessau.

Jenitza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia; 20 E.
Edessa, 24 WNW. Saloniki. Lon. 22. 30. E.
Lat. 40. 48. N. Pop. 6,000. It is situated on a
lake which communicates with foe gulf Salon
iki, by means of a canal about 12 miles long.
This is the ancient Fetta, the native place of
Philip and Alexander, made by the former the
capital of Macedonia. The grave of Euripides
is pointed out here. The town contains a num
ber of mosques and baths, but is mostly little
better than a heap of ruins.
Jenkin's Town, settlement on foe coast of
Africa, in Sherbro. Lon. 11. 50. W. Lat. 7. N.
Jenkin's Bay, bay on the back part of the
island of St. Eustatius, where about 400 French
troops under the Marquis de Rouille, landed
from three frigates, on the 26th of Nov. 1781,
and made themselves masters of the island.
Jenkin's Island, small isl. near the coast of
S. C. Lon. 80. 40. W. Lat. 32. 20. N.
Jenkintown, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. ; 12 N.
Philadelphia, W. 147.
Jenlis, X. France, C6te-d'or;„9 SE. Dijon.
Jenni, city, Africa, in Bambarra, on a small
island in the Niger ; 125 NE. Sego. Lon. 0. 40.
W. Lat. 15. 13. N. It is said to be a much
larger city than Sego, and one of the most
flourishing and commercial places in this part
of Africa, but it has not been described by any
European who has visited, it.
Jenni, X. Japan, on N. coast of Niphon ; 8
NW. Kanazava.
Jennersville, see Londonderry.
Jennidah, X. Bengal ; 14 NW. Mahmudpour.
Jennings, co.* Indiana. Pop. 2,000. Chief
town, Vernon.
Jennings's Island, small island in the gulf of
Florida, near the coast of East Florida. Lon.
80. 28. W. Lat. 25. 28. N.
Jeno,see Boros Jeno.
Jenoypour, X. Hind., in Allahabad; 24 N. Ga
zypour. Jentilino, X. Naples, Calabria Citra ; 12 NNW.
Bisignanq. Jenuchshadega, Indian t Warren co. Pa. on
the Alleghany ; 14 SE. Chatauque lake.
Jeojery, t, Africa, in Jagra. Lon. 14. 57. W.
Lat^3. 12. N.
Je Ouasel, X. Arabian Irak, on foe Tigris; '
110 NW. Bassora.
Jepifan, t.<Eu. Russia, in Tula, on the Don.
Pop. 500.
Jeraan, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 90 W. Zareng.
Jeraao, X. Africa, in Tunis, remarkable only
for the ruins of an acqueduct, cisterns, fac;
26 S. Tunis.
Jerabees, (an. Geerha,) X. Syria, on the right
bank of the Euphrates ; 14 S. Beer. Some ruins
of the ancient town are visible.
Jefughi, X. Bengal ; 10 N. Burwah.
Jerba, see Gerba.
Jerbah, X. Bengal ; 13 NW. Ramgur.
Jerbosaja, X. Africa, in Quoja.
Jerdecker, r. Hind., which runs into the Burr
rampooter river, 28 SW. Rangamatty.
Jereja, X. Africa, in the kingdom of Fonia. '
Jeremiah, (an. Anathoth,) X. Palestine ; 6 E.
Jerusalem. Jeremy, see Grand Anse.
Jeremysquam, isl. on the coast of Maine,, at
the mouth of the Sheepscot.

JER

812

JER

Jeranna, see Gerenna.
Jerf, x. Norwegian Lapland; 100 WSW.
Wardhuys. Jericho, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt, on N. side of
Onion river ; 15 E. Burlington, W. 500. Pop.
1,219. Jericho, see Bainbridge.
Jericho, p-v. in Oyster Bay, Long island, N.
Y.; W.251.
Jericho, now called Rihlia, or Ryhad, X. Fates-
tine, about five miles from the river Jordan :
17 ENE. Jerusalem. It was formerly celebrat
ed for the number of palm-trees growing near
it, and on that account called The City of
Palms. This city was the first in Canaan which
fell into the power of the Israelites, after their
entrance into foe Land of Promise ; and its
walls fell down before foe Ark of foe Covenant,
on foe first sound of foe trumpets, in the year
of the world 2584, and before Jesus Christ 1469.
Jericho is situated in a plain, bounded by
different mountains on the SW., W. and N. Its
walls were 20 stadia, or 2£ m. in circ. It was
one of the cities appropriated to the residence
of the priests and Levites, of whom 12,000
dwelt here. In the time of our Saviour it yield
ed only to Jerusalem for its size and the mag
nificence of its buildings. In this city Christ
performed several miracles. It was often hon
oured with the presence of the kings, who
ornamented it with palaces, circusses, and am
phitheatres. It is at present nothing more than
an assemblage of huts built of earth and reeds,
covered with a species of dried fern ; inhabited,
in 1820, by about 300 miserable Arabs. Nothing
remains of its ancient edifices bat a kind of
tower, three parts demolished, and the ruins of
some walls, which display very little that is re
markable. The plain of Jericho is about 20 m.
in length, and 10 in breadth. Of all foe produc
tions of Jericho, the most common is foe balm
of Gilead.
Jericho, t. Pru. Saxony, in Magdeburg, capi
tal of a circle, on the Elbe ; 32 NNE. Magde
burg. Lon. 12. 5. E. Lat. 52. 30. N. Pop. 1,183.
Jerjeraia, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 36
SE. Al Modain.
Jericoara, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 42. 6. W. Lat. 3. S.
Jerim, X. Arabia, in Yemen, the seat of a dola,
containing about 2,000 houses; 80 NE. Mocha.
Lon. 42. 22. E. Lat. 14. 17. N.
Jeremie, see Cape Jeremie.
Jerkitlya, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 22 SE. Bettiah.
Jermah, or Yermah, or Germah, X. Africa, in
Fezzan, thought to be built on the site of Go-
rama, capital of foe ancient Phazania, and
country ofthe Garamantes ; 60 ESE. Mourzouk.
Lon. 16. 20. E. Lat. 27. 25. N. It is situated in
a fertile soil, which feeds great numbers of cat
tle, sheep, and goats ; many majestic ruins indi
cate its former splendour ; at present the houses
are only cottages built of clay.
Jermuk, (an. Hieromax,) r. Syria, which runs
into the lake of Tiberias, near its S. exremity.
Jeromesrille, p-v. Wayne co. Ohio ; W. 389.
Jeropotamo, (an. Lethaus,) r. Candia, which
runs into the Mediterranean, 8 NNW. Cape
Metala. Jerotilia, see Filoquia.

Jerraballisa, t. Africa, in Quoja.
Jerrand, X. France, in Puy-de-Dome; 6 E.
Clermont, 8 SW. Billom.
Jersey, (an. Casarea,) isl. in the English chan
nel, about 12 miles from foe French coast, 12
miles long, and about 6 broad. Lon. 2. 11. W.
Lat. 49. 7. >'. It is divided into 12 parishes,
but contains only 8 churches. The air is
healthy, and foe soil fertile ; though foe culti
vation of apple trees for cider has occasioned a
deficiency of arable land for corn. The inhab
itants, though subjects of England, are govern
ed by Norman laws, and their language is
French. The principal places are St Helier,
and St. Aubin. Pop. in 1805, 22,855. Sq. m. 62£.
Jersey, t Steuben co. N. Y. ; about 15 E.
Bath. Pop 912.
Jersey, t Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 266.
Jersey CUy, or Paulus Hook, p-t Bergen co.
N. J.,- on the Hudson, opposite New York; 1
mile distant, W. 226. It contains a bank.
Jersey, (New,) see New Jersey.
Jerseytown, p-t. Columbia co. Pa. ; W. 186.
Jersey Shore, p-t Lycoming co. Pa. ; on N.
side of foe Susquehanna ; 20 W. Williamsport,
W. 218.
Jerusalem, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y., on W. side
of Crooked lake ; 20 S. Canandaigua, W. 340.
Pop. 1,610. This town is foe principal resi
dence of the followers of Jemima Wilkinson.
Jerusalem, X. Washington co. Md., on foe An
tietam ; SW. of Hagerstown.
Jerusalem, p-t. Southampton co. Va., on the
Nottaway; 63 WSW. Norfolk, W. 199.
Jerusalem, (Old,) see Fallen City.
Jerusalem, X. Courland ; 44 ESE. Seelbnrg.
Jerusalem, t Stiria, celebrated for its wine ;
4SSW.Fridaw. Jerusalem, city, Asia, cap. of ancient Judea,
and of modem Palestine, in foe pachalic of Da
mascus ; 34 ESE. Jaffa, its port; 120 SSW. Da
mascus. Lon. 35. 20. E. Lat31.48.N. It is sup
posed to have been founded by Melchizedek,
and originally named Salem, translated Solyma
by Josephus. It was afterwards possessed by
the Jebusites, and called Jebus. In 1048 B. C,
it was taken by David, became foe seat of his
kingdom, and was named Jerusalem; in Latin
authors Hierosolyma. Some suppose it to be
called Cadytis, by Herodotus. It was situated
on the borders of the two tribes, Judah and
Benjamin, so that it was sometimes considered
as belonging to the one, and sometimes to foe
other ; being built on several bills, foe most
elevated of which was Mount Zion, forming foe
southern quarter of foe city. Mount Moriah
formed the eastern part, Mount Acra the wes
tern, and Mount Beseta was situated to the north.
In its most flourishing times, Jerusalem was
divided into 4 parts, each inclosed within its
own walls. 1. The part on Mount Zion, foe
j old city of Jebus, afterwards styled the City of
David. 2. The Lower CUy, on Mount Acra,
called also foe Daughter of Zion. 3. The New
City, inhabited by tradesmen, -artificers, and
merchants. 4. Mount Moriah, on which was
built the temple of Solomon. The temple was
dedicated B. C. 1004 ; and B. C. 586, it was
demolished, and foe walls of foe city razed by
Nebuchadnezzar. The second temple, built by

JER

813

JES

"the order of Cyrus, was finished B. C. 515, and
destroyed A. D. 70.
During the reign of Tiberius, Jerusalem was
rendered memorable in all succeeding ages, by
the death and resurrection of our Lord and
Saviour Jesus Christ, who, according to the
common computation, was crucified on Friday,
' April 3, at 3 o'clock P. M., at foe age of 33, on
, Mount Calvary, a hill, which was then without
the walls, on the NW. side of the city.
Jerusalem was taken and destroyed by Titus,
A. D. 70. At the seige, according to Josephus,
97,000 prisoners fell into the hands ofthe con
queror, and the whole number slain and taken
prisoners, during the seven years' war, was
1,462,000. In 130, Adrian undertook to rebuild
the cityj and gave it the name of Mlia, or ASlia
Capitolina, which name it bore till the time of
Constantine. It was taken, in 614, by the Per
sians ; in 636, by the Saracens, under caliph
,. Omar ; and in 1099, by the Crusaders, under
Godfrey of Bouillon, who founded a kingdom,
which lasted till 1187, when it was taken by
Saladin, king of Egypt. In 1517, Selim, empe
ror of the Turks, annexed it, together with all
Syria, to the Turkish empire, under which it
still continues. It is called by them Cudsembaric,
or Coudsheriff. The Orientals, however, gene
rally call it El Kods, or Heleods, i. e. The Holy,
sometimes adding El-Sheriff ; 'The Noble.
Jerusalem is now greatly reduced from its an
cient size and importance. Its population has been
variously stated by vague conjecture ; by Vol-
ney, in 1783, at 12, or 14,000 ; by Browne, in
1797, at 18, or 20,000; by AH Bey, in 1807, at
nearly 30,000 ; 20,000 Christians, Greeks, Cath
olics, Maronites, Armenians, fac; 7,000 Ma
hometans, and a few Jews ; by Light, in 1814,
at 12,000 ; and by a Jewish priest, in 1815, at
50,000. It is about 2£ miles in circuit ; the.
streets are narrow, but straight, and well paved.
The houses are generally well built of stone,
for the most part of 2 or 3 stories, with a plain,
simple front, without windows in the lower
story, so that it has been said, that a passenger,
walking in the streets, may conceive himself in
foe corridor of a vast prison ; the doors, besides,
are so low, that a person must bend almost dou
ble in order to enter. The roofs are either
terraced or rise in domes, and the dull uniform
ity of the whole is interrupted by the steeples
of the mosques and churches. Jerusalem is the
residence of a Greek patriarch, and, according
to a statement of Mr.Parsons, in 1821, contains
11 mosques, 5 synagogues, and 20 monasteries,
belonging to different denominations. The most
splendid edifice, by far, now in the city, is a
mosque built by the Saracens, under caliph
Omar, in the seventh century, on the site of the
temple. This edifice appeared to Dr. Clarke
superior to any other specimen of modern ar
chitecture in the Turkish empire, even to the
celebrated mosque of St. Sophia. The building,
which has always been the object of visitation
and respect to Christian pilgrims, is called the
church of the Holy Sepulchre, and was built
by the empress Helena, and supposed to include
all the spots connected wTith foe crucifiction and
entombment of our Saviour. It is a very hand
some building, 300 feet long, and nearly 200

broad. It embraces various apartments belong
ing to the different denominations of Christians.
The tomb, which is in the central part, has the
appearance of a superb mausoleum ; the surface
covered with rich damask hangings, Striped
with gold. In the interior is a stone 8 feet
long, and 2£ broad, raised about two feet. On
this slab the body of our Lord is said to have
been deposited; and over if are suspended 44
lamps, which are mostly of silver, but a few are
of gold, and are ever burning.
The modern city is chiefly built on Mount
Moriah. The ascents on all sides, except the
north, are steep. It is almost surrounded by
valleys encompassed by mountains, so that it
seems to be situated in the middle of an amphi
theatre. It has some trade, and forms a kind
of central point between Arabia, Egypt, and
Syria ; but it derives a great part of its support
from the visits of pilgrims ; the number of those
who visited it, in 1819, was stated at 3,191; the
number present at the passover, in 1821, 2,706 ;
1,400 Armenians, 1,200 Greeks, 70 Copts, 20
Syrians, 15 Catholics, and 1 Abyssinian. The
country about Jerusalem is described by Dr.
Clarke, as exceedingly fertile, and admirably
cultivated ; " the Eden of the East, rejoicing in
the abundance of its wealth."
Dr. Clarke, speaking of the appearance of the
city on his approaching towards it, says : " We
were not prepared for the grandeur of the spec
tacle, which it exhibited. Instead of a wretched
and ruined town, by some described, as the
desolated remnant of Jerusalem, we beheld, as
it were, a flourishing and stately metropolis,
presenting a magnificent assemblage of domes,
towers, palaces, churches, and monasteries ; all
of which, glittering in the sun's rays, shone with.
inconceivable splendor."
" There is," says the same author, " much at
Jerusalem, independently of its monks, and
monasteries, to repay pilgrims of a different
description from those who usually resort
thither, for all the fatigue and danger they must
encounter. At the same time, to men interest
ed in tracing, within foe walls, antiquities re
ferred to by documents of sacred history, no.
spectacle can be more mortifying than the city
in its. present state. The mistaken piety of the
early Christians, in attempting to preserve, ei
ther confused or annihilated the memorials it
endeavoured to perpetuate."
Jerxheim, X. Ger Brunswick ; 13 ESE. Wol
fenbuttel. Jesardecheb, see Bosaraddaheba.
Jesaw, X. Prussia ; 10 S. Konigsberg.
Jesbava, r. Servia, which runs into the Dan
ube, near Semendria.
Jesberg, X. Hesse Cassel ; 20 NE. Marburg.
Pop. 807.
Jesd, see Yesd.
Jesenitza, X. Croatia ; 35 NW. Bihacs.
Jesernico, X. Friuli ; 12 W. Falma la Nuova.
Jesi, X. Popedom, in Ancona; 16 WSW. An
cona, 23 NE. Loretto. Lon. 13. 10. E. Lat. 40.
31. N. Pop. 5,000. Bp. see. It contains 5 chh..
and 10 convents.
Jesioro, t. Russia, in Kiev ; 56 SSW. Czyr-
Jesiotrov,X Russia, in Kiev; 3 WSW. Czyr-
kassy.

JEW

814

JEW

Jeso, or Jedso, or Yedso, or Jesso, or MatSmai,
large island in the N. Pacific ocean, governed
by a prince tributary to the emperor of Japan.
The inhabitants are more rude and savage than
the Japanese. They live chiefly on fish and
game. Lon. 140. 10. to 147. 10. E. Lat. 42. to
45. N. Sq. m. 53,000. Chief town, Matsmai.
Jespera, mt. Grand Bukharia ; 100 NE. Vash-
gherd. Jessamine, co. central part of Ken. Pop. 9,297.
Chief town, Nicholasville.
Jesselmere, X. Hind., in Bickaneer; 60 W.
Bickaneer, 95 NNW. Joodpour. Lon. 72. 51. E.
Lat. 27. 28. N.
Jessen, X. Pru. Merseburg, on the Elster ; 10
ESE. Wittenberg, 48 NNW. Dresden. Lon. 13.
3. E. Lat. 51. 48. N. Pop. 1,000.
Jessenize, see Asling.
Jeszima, one of the islands of Japan.
Jesnitz, X. Ger., in Dessau, on the Muldau ; 9
S. Dessau, 24 N. Leipsic. Lon. 12. 20. E. Lat.
51.42. N. Pop. 1,668.
Jessnitz, (Old,) X. Pru. Merseburg ; 3 N. Bit-
terfeld. Jessore, X. Bengal ; 64 NE. Calcutta. Lon. 89.
16. E. Lat. 23. 7. N.
Jesuits' Rocks, rocks in the Atlantic, near foe
coast of Brazil. Lat. 17. 48. S.
Jesul,T. Hind., one of the branches ofthe
Chumbul, which joins the main stream,between
Kotta and Suisopour.
Jesupol, X. Austrian Galicia ; 5 S. Halicz.
Jesus Island, isl. in the river St. Lawrence,
near the island of Montreal, about 24 m. long
and 6 wide.
Jesus de Cayuba, (El J see Cuyaba.
Jesus Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lat. 6. 15. S.
Jesus de Machaca, X. La Paz ; 40 W. La Paz.
Jesus Maria de Los Monies, t. Buenos Ayres ;
60 S. Santa Cruz de la Sierra la Nueva.
Jesus Maria, X. S. America, in Cordova; 30 N.
Cordova. Jethow, see Gylhow.
Jetpour, X. Guzerat ; 10 N. Junagur.
Jetting, see Hierting.
Jettslorff, X. Austria ; 4 E. Korn Neuburg.
Jelz, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 84 NNE. Meaco.
Jelze, r. which rises 6 S. Dissdorf, and runs
into foe Elbe, near Hitzacker, in Luneburg.
Jever, X. Ger., in Oldenburg, capital of a cir
cle ; 28 NE. Emden. Lon. 7. 53. E. Lat. 53. 34.
N. Pop. 1,604.— Pop. ofthe circle 16,931.
Jeumailloche, X. France, in Indre ; 7 SSE.
Vallencay, 16 E. Chatillon sur Indre.
Jeurev Polskai, X. Russia, in Vladimir ; 32
NNW. Vladimir.
Jewell's City, p-v. in Griswold, New London
co. Ct., on the Quinibaug ; 8 NE. Norwich, W.
379. Jewree, X. Bengal ; 14 NW. Ramgur.
Jewpatorie, X. Russia, in Taurida. Lon. 33. 19.
E. Lat. 45. 14. N. Pop. 4,348.
Jews, an appellation, which, in its most ex
tensive sense, comprehends the Israelites gene
rally ; but ill a more restricted and proper
sense, it includes those, who belonged to the
tribe of Judah, and who inhabited Judea. With
regard to the Ten Tribes, they were carried
captive by the Assyrians, B. C. 721, and it has

befin a prevaleut opinion, that they Were Wholly '
lost. Sir William Jones, however, is of opinion,.
that the Afghans are descended from these
tribes ; and Dr. Claudius Buchanan supposes,
that the " Ancient or Black Jews" of India are
derived from the same origin.
The dispersion ofthe Jews, properly so called,
and the end of their national existence, took
place on the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus,
A. D. 70. Since that event, they have never
been able to gain a settlement in the land of
their ancestors, but have been dispersed into
almost every countiy on foe globe ; and, not
withstanding they have been subjected to al
most every species of insult, oppression, and
cruelty, yet they still exist, a distinct people,
unincorporated with the inhabitants of the
countries in which they reside, and remain a
monument of the truth of Christianity, which
they almost universally reject. As a specimen
of the sufferings, which they have endured, it
may be mentioned, that a fatal endemic dis
temper, which, in 1348, raged in, a great part of
Europe, was ascribed to their having poisoned
foe springs and wells ; in consequence of which
1,500,000 of them were massacred ! Of late,
they have been treated with more justice and
humanity, and the cup of their woes, it maybe <
hoped, is nearly exhausted.
The Jews are generally addicted to trade and
commerce, and many of them are wealthy.
Formerly, a great part of the retail trade of
Europe, and particularly of Germany, was ia
their hands. They have long occupied a con
spicuous place in, the population of Poland,
and are supposed to be more numerous in the
Polish countries, than in all the rest of Europe,
They are the men of business for almost the
whole countiy ; the current money of the
kingdom is chiefly in their hands ; and a great
proportion of the lands is mortgaged to them.
They have the chief management of trade in
the Barbary states in the north of Africa. They
have prOdueed a considerable number of men
distinguished for literature and science. — Their
numbers have been variously estimated from
3, to 9,000,000. Bishop Gregoire estimates them
at 4, or 5,000,000. Hassel estimates them at
5,000,000, .and the number in Europe at
1,179,500 ; but some recent and well informed
travellers estimate the number in Poland alone
at 2,000,000. The following return was made
to Bonaparte of the number of Jews in different
parts of the globe :
Turkish empire . . . 1,000,000
Persia, China, and India, . . 300,000
West of Europe, Africa, fa America 1,700,000

Total 3,000,000

Another Statement.

Poland

800,000

Russia < exclusive >
Prussia \ ofPoland $

50,000

50,000

Germany

200,000

Bohemia

50,000

Moravia

27,000

Hanseatic towns

20,000

Hungary

75,000

Denmark fa Sweden

20,000

Holland .

100,000

JIB

815

J1L

Great Britain , ,

50,000

British colonies

50,000

France

60,000

Italy

30,000

Morocco

100,000

Algiers

< 60,000

Tunis

40,OOQ

Tripoli

20,000

Turkish dominions

. 1,500,000

China, Persia, Tartary, \ 200 noo

and Abyssinia

,  7 

'America .

6,000

Total 3,487,000

Estimate by M. Bail

, Paris 1817.

. 1,000,000

Russia, including MoldaviafaWalachia 200,000

States in which German is spoken 500,000

Holland and Netherlands

. 80,000

Sweden and Denmark

, 5,000

France

. 50,000

England

. 50,000

Spain and Portugal

. 10,000

United States

. 3,000

Mahometan states, in Asia,
and Europe

-Africa, ) 4;ooo,000

China, India, fac.

'. . 500,000

Total 6,595,000
Jews-Town, t Hind.,' 1 mile from Cochin. It
is inhabited by Jews, who have here two syna
gogues. Jeypour, see Jyepour, and Jyenagur.
Jezdikan, or Jezdkan, X. Persia, in Adirbeit
zan ; 90 W. Tabris, J 00 S. Erivan.
Jezdkast, or Yedkas, X. Persia, in Farsistan ;
42 S. Ispahan, 120 N. Schiras.
Jeziemica, X. Lithuania, in Novogrodek ; 40
SW. Novogrodek.
Jeziorocze, X. Rus. Wilna ; 32 WNW. Braslaw.
Jeziera, t. Rus. Grodno ; 12 NE. Grodno.
, Jezira, see Gezira.
-I Jezow, see Biekow.
Jezreel, see Esdraelon.
Jhansu-jeungy I. Thibet, on the river Pai-
nom-tchieu ; 130 WSW. Lassa, 150 N. Beyhar.
Lon. 89. 32. E. Lat. 28. 49. N. The environs
are celebrated for manufactures of woollen
cloth. It contains a monastery, and 150 houses.
The surrounding countiy is exceedingly rich
and populous.
Jhelum, see Chelum.
Jhylum, X. Hind., Lahore ; 73 NNW. Lahore
Jibbel Auress, or Euress, mt. Algiers, in foe
province of Constantina; 50 S. Constantina.
Lon. 6. E. Lat. 35. 25. N. This, foe Jlfons Au-
rasius of the middle age, and foe Mons Audits,
of Ptolemy, is not one single mountain as the
name would insinuate, but it is a large knot of
eminences running one into another, with seve
ral beautiful little plains and valleys interven
ing. However, both the higher and lower
parts of it are of the utmost fertility, and still
continue to be the garden of the province. The
whole mountainous tract may be 120 miles in
circuit. Jibbel Deera, mt. Algiers, in Titterie ; 50 SSE.
Algiers. Jibbel Diss, see Cape Ivy.
Jibbel Karhar, range of rocky mountains, in
W. province of Algiers ; 20 NE. Tremecen.

Jibbel Dwee, mt. Africa, in W. province of
Algiers, a little to foe S. of El Khadarah.
Jibbel Iskell, (an. jYont Cerna,) mt. Africa^ in
the N. part of Tunis, about 16 SW. Bizerta.
Jibbel Mustewah, mt. Algiers, in Constantina,
the chief abode of a clan of Kabyles, called
Welled Abdenore ; 46 S. Constantina.
Jibbel Seitat, mt. Africa, in the Sahara ; 78
SSE. Algiers.
Jib-beteah, range of mountains of Africa,
which forms a boundary between Tunis and
Tripoli. Jidda, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, in the
sherriffate of Mecca, and is the port of that
city ; 40 W. Mecca. Lon. 39. 15. E. Lat. 21.
32. N. Pop. about 5,000. In 1540 it was sur
rounded with walls', which are now decayed.
It is situated in a barren sandy district, desti
tute of water, and is supported partly by a
trade with Egypt and India, and partly by the
concourse of pilgrims. The town makes a
good appearance, in consequence of a rising
ground behind. It is superior to Mocha. The
houses are built of large blocks of madrepore ;
the streets very narrow. The entrance of the
road is full of shoals. The English are the only
European nation who carry on a trade here,
which was formerly considerable ; now de
clined The chief export is coffee.
Jidmeelah, t. Algiers ; 28 WSW. Constantina.
Jidoon, country or district, Asia, situated on
E. side of the river Sinde, on the borders of
Cachemire and Thibet.
Jigat Point, cape, Hind., forming W. extrem
ity of Guzerat, where is a town with a pagoda.
Lon. 68. 12. E. Lat. 22. 23. N.
Jigguroon, t. Hind., Sirhind ; 23 WSW. Sir
hind. Jigitonhonha, r. Brazil, which runs NE. into
the Rio Grande, Lat. 16. 49. S.
Jigni, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 18 SSE. Kooch.
Jihon, or GiAon, or Sihon, or Amol, or Aa,
(an. OxusJ r. Central Asia, which rises from
mountains between Great Bukharia and Chi
nese Tartary, a considerable distance northeast
of Badakshan, and after a winding course, gene
rally WNW., of more than 1200 miles, flows into
the lake of Aral. The cities of Samarcand,
Bukhara, Termed, Balk, and Gaur, are on its
branches. It has been generally believed that
it formerly flowed into the Caspian sea, and
that its course was turned into its present chan
nel by the Tartars, according to some before
the 16th century, but according to others, about
1719. This opinion is rejected by Malte-Brun,
and other geographers, who maintain that foe
Jihon always flowed into foe lake of Aral ; and
that the rejected opinion was formed and pro
pagated by persons whose knowledge was im
perfect, particularly with regard to the/orm of
the Caspian sea, or the existence of the' lake of
Aral. Jijel, (an. IgilgiliJ X. Algiers, in Constantina;
30 ENE. Boujeiah. Lon. 6. E. Lat. 36. 56. N.
This place is now reduced to a few houses and
a small fort, in which the Turks have a garrison
of one company. It is situated on a point of
land near the sea.
Jilgoun, X. 'Caramania ; 28 E. Akserai.
Jillifree, X. Africa, in Barra, on the banks of
foe Gambia. Lon. 16. 6. W. Lat. 13. 16 N

JOA

816

JOA

Jilling, X. Bengal ; 45 SW. Rogonatpour.
Jilly Kagur, x. Bengal; 4 W. Burdwan.
Jimmaly, X. Abyssinia; 40 S. Mine.
Jimmel, (an. TegaaJ X. Africa, in Tunis; 11
SW. Lempta, 27 ESE. Cairoan.
Jimmel, X. Algiers ; 33 SW. Constantina.
Jimmelah, (an. ' GemellaJ X. Africa; 27 SSW.
Constantina. Near it are riiagnificent ruins, the
remains of an amphitheatre, fac
Jinbala, or Guinbala, km. Africa, the whole
of which is an island formed by two branches
of the Niger, which separate at leaving the
lake Dibbie, and unite again about 15 miles
from Tombuctoo. The form is oval, the length
about 80 miles, and foe greatest breadth about
40. The country is said to be fertile, and so full
of swamps and creeks, that the Moors have not
been„able to subdue it. The inhabitants are
negroes. Jinbala, X. Africa, and capital of the kingdom
so called, on a branch of foe Niger; 70. SW.
Tombuctoo. Lon.O. 16. E. Lat. 16. 4. N. It
is a resting place for merchants trading between
Tombuctoo and W. parts of Africa.
Jincughi, X. Natolia ; 18 N. Kiutaja.
Jindeya, X. Africa, in Woolly ; 30 WSW. Me
dina. Jin-enne, r. Algiers, which rises in Jibbel
Deera, and loses itself in foe Shott.
Jingergulcha, t Bengal ; 8 W. Moorley.
Jingler, X. Hind., Oude ; 33 SE. Gooracpour.
Jinnell, s-p. Algiers, in Titterie, situated on a
small creek of foe Mediterranean, at the mouth
of the Yisser; 33 E. Algiers. Lon. 4. 10. E.
Lat. 36. 43. N. Great quantities of corn are
yearly exported from hence to Europe.
Jinjo, t. Spain, in Galicia ; 12 SE. Orense.
Jinzoowarah, X. Guzerat ; 40 S. Janagur.
Jionpour, circar, Hind., in Allahabad, bound
ed N. by Oude, E. by Gazypour, S. by Benares,
and W. by Manickpour ; about 50 miles long,
and 30 broad. Joinpour is the capital.
Joinpour, X. Hind., and capital of a circar in
the subah of Allahabad, on the Goomty river;
30 NW. Benares. Lon. 82. 55. E. Lat. 25.
46. N.
Joisorra, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 3. 40.
E. Lat. 14. 38. N.
Jirbdn, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 8 NW. Sana.
Jirree, X. Hind., in Gobud ; 25 W. Narwa.
Jirwary, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 7 SW. Gwalior.
Javicotta, X. Bengal ; 60 NE. Purneah.
Jiuncheto, t. Corsica ; 4 S. Sarcena.
Joachimsthal, X. Bohemia, in Elnbogen ; UN.
Elnbogen, 52 SSE. Dresden. Lon. 12. 53. E.
Lat. 5tt 20. N. Pop. 3,691. It is celebrated for
its silver mines, the best in the kingdom, dis
covered in the year 1516. From the year 1586
to the year 1601, these mines yielded 305,790
marks of silver.
Joachimsthal, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in the
Potsdam ; 17 S. Prenzlow, 31 NNE. Beriin.
Lon. 13. 55. E. Lat. 53. 5. N. Pop. 1,119.
Joag, t. Africa, in Kajaaga; supposed by Mr.
Park to contain about 2,000 inhabitants, Lon.
9. 12. W. Lat. 14. 25. N. It is surrounded by
a high wall, in which are a number of port
holes, for musquetry to fire from, in case of an
attack ; every man's possession is likewise sur
rounded by a wall.

Joat, or iuala, X. Africa, in Sin, on the sea
coast, with a road and good anchorage, where
the French have a factory for slaves, skins,
ivory, and wax.
Joally, see Sanjalli.
Joan, X. fa fort, Java, near N. coast, situated
a few miles inland, on a large river, extending
a mile along the river. LOn. 111. 10. E. Lat.
6. 40. S.
Joannina, or Janna, or Janina, city, Eu. Tur
key, capital of Albania, and of a Turkish pa
chalic of the same name, on W. bank of a lake ;
65 W. Larissa, 370 W. by S. Constantinople.
Lon. 21. 38. E. Lat. 39. 30. N. Pop. 35, or
40,000. H. 5,000. Greek abp. see. It has 2
forts, 2 palaces, 8 Greek chh., and 17 mosques.
The situation and environs are extremely
beautiful ; on one side is a fertile and exten
sive plain, 12 or 14 miles long, covered with
groves, gardens, and plantations ; on the other,
the lake with its woody islands, stretches out
for a distance of several miles, and the view is
terminated by the lofty mountains of Thessaly.
The houses and minarets of the town appear to
rise amid groves of orange, lemon, and cypress
trees. The town is about 2J miles long, and 1
broad. The two principal streets run across
each other at right angles, and run nearly
through the town, and are tolerably paved. Of
the dwelling houses, some are spacious and
well built, but the windows are small, and the
ground floor is used for stables and warehouses,
and they have generally a gloomy appearance
from the streets.
Joannina contains 2 academies, one for boys,
the other called a gymnasium, for youths more
advanced. The language spoken here is the
modern Greek, and the inhabitants are repre
sented as more polished and better educated
than in almost any other Greek town. The in
habitants consist of Greeks and Albanians, with
some Turks and Jews. — Joannina was founded
in the 15th century, and since foe beginning of
the 19th, has become famous as the capital of
the late celebrated Ali Pacha, a chief who exer
cised almost unlimited power, and brought un
der his dominion not only Albania and ancient
Epirus, but also a considerable part of Thessaly.
He had a revenue of about £500,000, a regular
force of 10,000, with a militia of about 40,000.
Joanna or Hinzuon, one of the Comoro isK
ands, about 30 miles long, and 15 broad. Lon.
44. 48. E. Lat. 12. 14. S. Pop. according to
Groce, 130,000 ; according to Williamson, in
1810, 90, or 100,000 ; but later and more probaT
ble calculations reduce it to 6, or 7,000. The
sea coasts of this island are chiefly in the hands
of Arabians, who have obtained a settlement,
and driven foe original natives to the interior
and mountainous parts, though the latter are
double the number of the former. Though not
the largest, it is foe principal, and demands
tribute of the other islands. The climate is de
lightful. There are 73 villages in this island,
besides the town of Joanna, or Machadou, where
the king resides. The town of Joanna contains
about 200 houses, foe greatest part of which are
inhabited by the principal personages of the.
country ; they are built of stone, but arc very
low, except the king's palace, which is high and
spacious.

JOH

817

JOH

Joanna, t. on N. coast of the island of JaVa ;
40 NE. Samarang.
Joanpore, X. Hind., in Allahabad, capital of a
district. Lon. 82. 39. E. Lat. 25. 45. N. It
has a fortress or citadel, situated on a high bank
of the river Goomty, and built of stone. The
town surrounds the fort on three sides, and
contains a good bazar, and a number of brick
houses. Joao Fuslado, t. Brazil, in the island of Ma-
rajo ; 20 SSW. Engenho-real.
Joao Martina, small island in the Indian sea.
Lon. 42. 54. W Lat. 10. 8. S.
Joao de Nova, small island in the channel of
Mozambique. Lon. 40. 34. E. Lat. 16. 58. S.
Joao de Nova, 2 small isls. in the Indian sea.
Lon. 49. 14. E. Lat. 9. 30. S.
Joar, t. Africa, in Bursali, surrounded with
palisades, to keep off- wild beasts ; 10 S.
Kower. Joartam, X. fa km. of Java, in NE. part of the
island. Joarya, X. Bengal ; 55 S. Islamabad.
Jobah, t. Hind., in Gurry Mundella ; 30 S.
Gurrah. Jobie, island in foe Pacific ocean, at the en
trance of a great bay on N. coast' of New
Guinea ; 110 miles long from E. to W., and from
6 to 20 broad. Lon. 155. 50. to 137. 36. E.
Lat. 1. 36. to 2. S.
Jobstkreuth, X. Bav. ; 6 E. Windsheim.
Jobstown, p-v. Burlington co. N. J. ; W. 173.
Jocalla, X. S. A., in La Paz ; 9 N. Potosi.
Jockgrim, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine, on an
eminence near foe Rhine ; 7 NNE. Lauter-
burg, 9 SE. Landau. Pop. 546.
Jockmocki, X. Sweden, in the lapmark of Lu-
lea ; 90 NNW. Lulea.
Jocksberg, X. Bav. ; 3 NW. Leuchtersbausen.
Jocrons, t. Mysore ; 20 NNE. Chitteldroog.
Jodar, X. Spain, in Jaen ; 7 SSE. Baeza, 8 S.
by E. Ubeda. Pop. 3,200.
Jodo, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 5 S. Meaco.
Jogr-bend, X. Charasm ; 150 SSE. Urkonje.
Joghy Coopa, X. Assam ; 90 NW. Gerghonge*
Johadinga, X. Bengal; 30 NE. Calcutta.
Johan-Georgen-stadt, X. Saxony, Erzgebirg;
24 S. Chemnitz, 55 SW. Dresden. Lon. 12. 40.
E. Lat. 50. 23. N. Pop. 2,610. Emery is pre
pared here, besides other minerals, which arc
found at this place.
Johannes, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
132. 18. E. Lat. 6. '40. N.
Johannesberg, or Bichofsberg, X. Nassau ; 16
W. Mentz. It is famous for its wine.
Johannesburg, X. Prussia, in Gumbinnen, cap
ital of a circle, near the Spirdinglake ; 96 SSE.
Konigsberg. Lon. 21. 59. E. Lat. 53. 33. N.
Pop. 1/136. It has a castle, which was once for
tified. Johansdorp, t. Oldenburg ; 2 S. Oldenburg.
Johansthal, X. Moravia, in Prerau, in Silesia;
12 NNW. Jagendorf.
Joglingen, X. Baden ; 8 N. by E. Carlsruhe.
Pop. 1,700.
JoAn's Haven, s-p. Scot., in Kincardine, on
the coast of German sea ; 4 S. Bervie. Lon. 2.
19. W. Lat. 56. 46. N. Pop. 1,000.
Joint's Bay, bay, on the coast of Maine. Lon.
69. 30. W. Lat. 63. 50. N.
Vol. I. 103

John's River, r. New Hampshire, which runs
into the Connecticut, in Dalton.
John's River, r. N. C. which joins the Cata
baw, below Burke court house.
John's Island, isl. of foe Atlantic, near the
coast of S. Carolina, a little S. Charleston ; 30
miles in circumference. Lon. 80. 10. W. Lat.
32. 42. N.
Johnsburg, X. Warren co. N. Y., on W. side of
foe Hudson ; 23 NW. Caldwell. Pop. 727.
Johnny Groat's House, the most northerly
"dwelling of Scotland, in Caithness ; 1 W. Dun-
cansby Head.
Johnson, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 35 N. Mont
pelier; W.526. Pop. 778.
Johnson, co. central part of N. C. Pop. in
1810, 6,867 ; slaves, 2,330. Pop. in 1820, 9,607.
Chief town, Smithfield.
Johnson, X. Champaign county, Ohio. Pop.
356. Johnson, co. Illinois. Pop. 843. Chief town,
Vienna. Johnson, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 327.
Johnson's Settlement, p-v. Tioga co. N. Y. ;
W. 323.
Johnson's Fort, on James' island, S..C, at the
entrance of Charleston harbour.
Johnsonburg, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. ; 10 SW.
Newton, W. 226. It contains a Presbyterian
church and about 12 houses.
Johnson's Point, cape on SW. coast of Anti
gua. Lon. 61. 35. W. Lat. 17. 10. N.
Johnston, X. Providence co. R. I. ; 4 W. Prov
idence. Pop. 1,542. Here are several cotton
manufactories. Johnstonville, X. Randolph co. N. C. ; 85 NW.
Fayetteville. Johnston Kirk, X. Scot, in Dumfries; 6 N.
Lochmaben. Johnston's Island, see Lord A'orth's Island.
John's-town, see St. John.
Johnstone's Straits, channel of the Pacific
ocean, between the island of Quadra and Van
couver, and W. coast of N. America. This strait
branches off from N. part of the gulf of Geor
gia, from Point Chatham to the W, bearing a
little N. for about 60 miles in length ; the
breadth being 2 to 4. Lon. 127. to 125. 14. W.
Lat. 50. 20. to 50. 35. N.
Johnstown, p-t. fa cap. Montgomery co. N.
Y., on N. side of the Mohawk ; 40 NW. Alba
ny, W. 408. Pop. 6,527. It is a large township,
and contains 8 houses of public worship, 3
Dutch Reformed, 2 Presbyterian, 1 German
Lutheran, 1 Episcopalian, and 1 Baptist; and
2 post villages, Johnstown and Caughnawaga.
Johnstown village is situated about 4 miles N.
of foe Mohawk, and contains a court house, a
jail, an academy, 2 printing offices, a Presby
terian, a German Lutheran, and an Episcopal
church, and about 180 houses.
Johnstown, p-t. Licking co. Ohio, on a branch
Of Licking creek ; 20 NW. Newark, W. 411.
Johnstown, p-v. Columbia co. N. Y., in Liv
ingston », 40 S. Albany.
Johnstown, v. Scot, in Renfrew ; 4 W. Pais
ley. Pop. 3,647. Cotton spinning is the only
business of the place.
Johnstown, X. Upper Canada, 3 E. of the St.
Lawrence ; 15 SW. of the boundary of Upper

JON

818

JOP

and Lower Canada. Lon. 75. 27. W. Lat. 44.
45. N. H. 60 or 70.
Johore, t. Malacca, near S. coast, and capital
of a kingdom of the same name. Lon. 103. 54.
E. Lat. 1. 40. N.
Joigny, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Yonne, surrounded with thick walls,
near the Yonne; 14 NW. Auxerre, 34 SW.
Troyes. Lon.3.29.E. Lat.47.59.N. Pop.5,132.
Joinagur, see Jyenagur.
Joinville, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Upper Marne, on the Marne ; 15 SE.
St. Dizier, 21 N. Chaumont on Bassigny. Lon.
5. 13. E. Lat. 48. 27. N. Pop. 3,160.— Native,
Cardinal of Lorraine.
Jokalax, X. Finland, in Abo ; 22 NW. Abo.
Jokari Tusta, see Soli.
Joki, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 50 N. Meaco.
Jokiois, X. Finland ; 28 WSW. Tavasthus.
Jokkas, X. Finland ; 107 NE. Tavasthus.
Jokkato, X. Africa, in Barra.
Joko, X. Africa, in Kaarta. Lon. 8. W. Lat. 14.
30. N.
Jokomi, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 25 N. Jedo.
Jol, see Shershell.
Joliba, see Niger.
Jolian, X. Hind., in Guzerat; 20 N. Gogo.
Jolo, or Soere Carta, X. Java, and capital of
foe kingdom of Soosoohoonam.
Jollone Key, small isl. among the Bahamas.
Lon. 77. 2. W. Lat. 26. 12. N.
Jolucar, X. Spain, Grenada ; 7 NE. Moutril.
Jolut, X. East Greenland. Lon. 46. 50. W.
Lat. 60. 56. N.
Jolut, isl. near W. coast of East Greenland.
Lon. 46. 50. W. Lat. 60. 56. N.
Jomanes, now Jumnah.
Jompir, r. Hind., which runs into the Jum
nah, 20 SE. Agra.
Jono, t Hind., in Delhi ; 35 S. Delhi.
Jonosuitte, p-v. Alleghany co. Md. ; W. 171.
Joncils, t. France, in Herault; 25 N. Be-
ziers. Joncy, t.France, Saone-and-Loire ; 15 NNE.
Charolles, 16 SW. Chalons sur Saone.
Joncy, X. France, COte-d'Or ; 3 NW. Arnay
le Due Pop. 876.
Jondal, X. Norway, in Bergen; 30 E.Bergen.
Jondisabur, X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 20 NW.
Suster, 185 ESE. Bagdad.
Joneikischken, X. Pru. Konigsberg ; 36 W. Til
sit Pop. 300.
Joncrstors, X. Bav. ; 4 NE. Geroltzhofen.
Jones, co. S. part of N. C. Pop. in 1810, 4,968;
slaves 2,375. Pop. in 1820, 5,216. Chief town,
Trenton. Jones' Creek, i. Pennsylvania, which runs
into the Delaware, Lon. 75. 15. W. Lat. 40.
58. N.
Jones' Island, isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon. 63.
W. Lat. 61. 52. N.
Jones' Key, small isl. in foe Spanish Main,
near foe Mosquito shore, surrounded with rocks.
Lon. 82. 27. W. Lat. 15. 35. N.
Jonesborough, or Chandlersville, s-p. fa p-t.
Washington co. Maine, N. of Englishman's bay ;
8 W. Machias ; W. 765. Pop. 675.
Jonesborough, p-t. Washington co. Tennessee,
on the Holston ; 16 S. Blountsville, 100 ENE.
Knoxville, W. 449. Pop. in 1818, about 600.' It

contains a bank, a printing office, a court house,
a jail, and a Presbyterian church.
Jonesborough, p-t. fa cap. Union co. Illinois ;
172 Vandalia, W. 881.
Jonesborough, p-t. Jefferson co. Alabama ;
141 Cahawba, W. 808
Jonesburg, p-t. Camden co. N. C. ; 66 S. Nor
folk, W. 275. It is the chief town of the county
and contains a court house.
Jonestown, or Williamsburg, p-t. Lebanon co.
Pa., at the junction of the' Swatara and Little
Swatara; 23 ENE. Harrisburg, W. 140.
Jonesville, p-t. Lee co. Va., in Powell's Val
ley, 2 or 3 miles from Fowell's river ; 70 W.
Abingdon, W. 450.
Jonesville, p-v. Surry co. N. C. ; W. 416.
Jong-lchang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Se-tchuen ; 45 WSW. Tchong-kiang.
Jongoma, km. Asia, N. of Siam.
Jonkakonda, X. Africa, in Yani, on N. side of
the Gambia. Lon. 13. 50. W. Lat. 13. 37. N.
Jonkioping, X. Sweden, capital of a govern
ment, in Smaland, near the Wetter lake ; 156
SW Stockholm. Lon. 13. 59. E. Lat. 57. 45. N.
Pop. in 1815. 3,423. It contains 2 fauxbourgs,
3 churches, an arsenal, and a manufacture of
arms, and is the seat of justice for Gothland.
Pop. ofthe government 117,381. Sq. m. 3,200.
Jonool, X. on NW. coast of foe island of Ti
mor. Lon. 125. 13. E. Lat. 8. 59. S.
Jonquiere Bay, bay on W. coast of the island
of Saghalien. Lon. 50. 54. N.
Jonquera, see Juiiqueira, La.j
Jonquieres, X. France, in Vaucluse ; 4 ESE.
Orange. Pop. 1,500.
Jonsac, X. France, Lower Charente ; 9 SSE.
Pons, 13 NNW. Montlieu. Pop. 2,509.
Jonsberg, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, near
foe coast of the Baltic ; 22 E. Nordkioping.
Jonvilk, X. France, in Upper Saone, on the
Saone ; 7 N. Jussey. Pop. 845.
Jood Boodang, t. on W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 119. 21. E. Lat. 1.39. S. .
Joodpour, circar, Hind., in Agimere, bounded
N. by Bickaneer and Nagore, E. by Agimere
circar, S. by Sirowy, and W. by a sandy desert.
The principal towns are Joodpour and Merta.
Joodpour, t. Hind., capital of a circar or dis
trict, in Agimere ; 75 NW. Cheitore, 85 WSW.
Agimere. Lon. 73. 48. E. Lat. 26. 7. N.
Joogdanpour, X. Bengal ; 16 NW. Kishena
gur. Joogdea, or Jugdya, X. Bengal ; 70 SE. Dacca.
Lon. 91. 12. E. Lat. 20. 50. N. It is situated
near the sea, and is celebrated for the manu
facture of cotton cloths and salt.
Joogoogoo, X. Bootan ; 40 N. Beyhar.
Jooky, X. Bengal ; 14 N. Boglipour.
Joot, French settlement on the coast of Afri
ca, dependent on Goree.
Jooria, s-p. Hind., in Guzerat. Lon. 70. 40.
E. Lat. 22. 40. N. It carries on considerable
trade. Joossy, X. Hind. ; 2 E. Allahabad.
Jootsi-sima, or Jbotsima, two small Japanese
islands, near N. coast of Niphon. Lon. 137. 50.
E. Lat. 37. 56. N.
Joppa, see Jaffa.
Joppa Buragya, I. Morung; 10 SE. Amer
pour.

JOS

819

JOU

Jopsus, r. Romania, which runs into foe Ma-
riza, 10 WNW. Assarlic.
Joro, fortress in Gurrah, where the treasures
were deposited.
Jorborg, X. Samogitia, on the Niemen; 20 S.
Rosienne. Jordan, v. Onondago co. N. Y., on the wes
tern canal, where are locks.
Jordan, r. Palestine, of great celebrity. It
rises from the mountains Anti-Libanus and
Hermon, and flows through lake Merom and
the sea, or lake of Tiberias, and after a course
of about 150 miles, runs into the Dead sea.
Near Jericho the Jordan is deep and very rapid,
wider than the Tiber at Rome. The banks are
steep, and about 15 feet high.
Jordan's Knob, or South Mountain, mt. Pa.
between the counties of Franklin and Adams.
Jordansville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. ;
172 Raleigh, W. 419.
Jore, mt in Tennessee ; the highest in the
Cherokee country.
Jorga, t. Georgia, in Kaket ; 85 SE. Teflis.
Jorge Grego, small island near the coast of
Brazil. Lat 23: 20. S.
Jorgen, t.Norway, Bergen ; 33 SW. Romsdal.
Jorgenow, X. Prussia ; 22 SSE. Konigsberg.
- Jorgenburg, X. Austria; 14 SSW. Steyr.
Jorgenthal, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 6 NE.
Kamnitz. Jorgental, X. Prussia ; 6 SW. Leibstadt.
Jorhat, X. Assam, foe new capital, on the
Burrampooter ; 40 SW. Ghergong. Lon. 94. 10.
E. Lat. 26. 45. N.
Jori, r. Asia, which runs into the Kur, on the
borders of Georgia, in the province of Schirvan.
Jorjan, or Corcan, (an. Hyrcania, and Syrin
ges,) X. Persia, and capital of a district to which
it gives name, on W. part of Chorasan, border
ing on the Caspian sea, on the Abiscoun ; 110
SW. Meshid, 300 N. Ispahan. Lon. 54. 54. E.
Lat. 36. 64. N. It was anciently the capital of
Hyrcania. Jorvis, X. Finland, Kuopio ; 43 S. Kuopio.
Jorkow, X. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 13 N. Saatz.
Lon. 13. 26. E. Lat 50. 28. N. Pop. 1,500.
JoropourrX. Bengal ; 38 NNE. Calcutta.
Jorquera, X. Spain, in New Castile, on the
Xucar; 38 SSE. Alarcon.
Jorrack, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 188 SSE.
Mecca. Jorsa, one of the smaller Western islands of
Scotland, between Scarba and Kerrera.
Jorullo, Jurullo, or Juruyo, or Xurullo, vol
cano, Mexico, in Mechoacan, 30 S. Pasquaro,
65 SSW. Valladolid. Lon. 103. 52. W. Lat. 19.
9. N. This volcano was formed on St. Michael's
day in 1759, in the middle of a beautiful, fer
tile, and pleasant valley, which extends three
leagues from E. to W. and more than 8 from N.
to S. By the skirt of this mountain passes a
stream, which, before fertilized the valley, and
which is called del Sallo. The waters are so
hot that men or horses passing through it are in
danger of being scalded.
Jos, r. Franconia, which runs into the Sinn ;
10 N. Gemunden.
Joseph's Key, small island in foe gulf of Mex
ico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89, 30. W.
Lat. 30. 8. N.

Josefgrod. X. Russian Poland, on a river which
runs into the Bog ; 76 SSE. Braclaw, 95 NE.
Jassy. Joscphstadt , see Gostadt.
Josephstadt, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, on foe
borders of Bohemia. Pop. 1,272.
Josephslhal, X. Bohemia, Boleslau ; 12 NNE.
Turnau. Josida, X. Japan, Niphon ; 16 SE. Seoda..
Josimath, X. Hind., Serinagur, formerly sub
ject to Nepaul, on a branch of the Ganges.
Lon. 79. 38. E. Lat. 30. 34. N. H. 150, built of
stone. Joslowilz, X. Moravia, Znaym ; 8 SE. Znaym.
Pop. 857.
Josniow, X. Podolia ; 48 NNW. Kaminiec
Josselin, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Morbihan ; 19 NNE. Vannes, 33 E.
L'Orient. Lon. 2. 28. W. Lat. 47. 57. N. Pop.
2,678. Josslioka, X. Russia, in Sandomirz ; 76 SSW.
Sandomirz. Josvo, t. Hungary; 16 W. Caschau.
Jotako, small isl. Mediterranean ; 2 E. Ithaca.
Jotan, X. A. Turkey, on W. coast of Natolia,
near Cape Arbre ; 10 N. Mitels.
Jotapata, city, Galilee ; 15 ESE. Acre.
Jsttstadt, see Golsladl.
Jouarre, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne ; 10
S. Meaux. Pop. 2,120.
Jouaville, X. France, Moselle ; 9 W. Metz.
Jouckloke Inlet, large bay, on E. coast of La
brador ; the entrance js in Lon. 58. 10. W. Lat.
54. 30. N.
Joudpore, X. Hind., in Agimere, capital of a
principality. Lon. 73. 18. E. Lat. 26. 27. N. It
is built of stone, and carries on considerable
traffic by means of caravans.
Joue', X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ; 3 S.
Tours. H. 300.
Joue, X. France, in Lower Loire ; 16 NW.
Acenis. Pop. 1,900.
Joue du Plain, X. France, in Orne ; 5 SW.
Argentan. H. 300.
Jougue, X. France, in Doubs ; 8 S. Pontarlier,
222 ESE. Salins. Pop. 836.
Jonsia, now Legrad.
Jounpora, X. Hind., Bahar ; 25 SW. Patna.
Jouques, X. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
12 NE. Aix. Pop. 1,560.
Joura, (an. Gyarus,) isl. in the Grecian Ar
chipelago, about 10 miles in circuit, barren and
uncomfortable ; 12 SW. Andros. Lon. 24. 46.
E. Lat. 37. 37. N.
Jourbourg, X. Poland, on the Niemen.
Jourkoup, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 48
SE. Kir-shehr, 50 ENE. Akserai.
Joutra, X. Finland ; 65 NE. Tavasthus.
Joux la Ville, X. France, Yonne ; 9 N. Aval-
Ion ; 15 SE. Auxerre.
Joux, (Mont J part of Mount Jura, so called,
near the source ofthe river Doubs, on the bor
ders of Switzerland, and that part of the can
ton of Berne, which borders on France.
Joux, lake, Switz., Berne, situated on a part
of Mount Jura ; 4 W. Romainmotier.
Jouy, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 3 S. Ver
sailles. Jouy le Chdlel, X. France, Seine-and-Marne ;
9 S. Coulomiers, 10 NW. Provins. Pop. 997.

JUB

320

JtfG

Jouy sur Morin, X. France, Seine-and-Marne •,
15 SE. Meaux. Pop. 916.
Jowan el Mugrah, X. Algiers ; 30 SW. Seteef.
Jowgong, X. Bengal ; 18 SE. Burdwan.
Jowrasser, X. Hind-, Oude ; 16 SE. Lucknow.
Jewries, (an. Tarichia,) cluster of small isl
ands in foe Mediterranean, near E. coast of
Tunis, opposite to Lempta. Lon. 10. 56. E. Lat.
35. 38. N.
Joy, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine; 28 ENE.
Waterville, W. 674. Pop. 505.
Joyeuse, X. France, in Ardeche, on a river
which runs into the Ardeche ; 21 SSW. Privas,
21 NW. Pont St Esprit. Lon. 4. 19. E. Lat. 44.
29. N. Pop. 1,074.
Joynagur, X. Meckley ; 8 NW. Munnypour.
Joynaranshaut, X. Bengal ; 18 ENE. Islamabad.
Joypour, X. Bengal ; 18 W. Rogonatpour.
Joypour, X. Assam ; 16 SSE. Gentia.
Jozi Azu, X. Brazil, in Para, on the river To
cantin ; 70 SW. Para.
Juan Fernandez Island, see Fernandez.
Juan de la Frontera, see Chacapoyas.
Juan du Fuca, (Straits of J inlet on NW.
coast of N. America, from the Pacific ocean
into the gulf of Georgia, having Quadra and
Vancouver's island on the north, and Cape
Flattery on foe south. Lon. of the entrance
124. W. Lat. 48. 25. N. The strait is from
eight to 14 miles wide, has bold shores on
both sides, and is of safe and easy navigation
at all seasons. The countiy on both sides is
elevated, and in some places mountainous,
mostly covered with timber, much of which is
suitable for ship building. There are intervals
of clear land of a fertile soil and luxuriant veg
etation. This strait is said to have been first
discovered, in 1592, by Juan de Fuca, a Greek
pilot of Cephalonia, in the service of the vice
roy of Mexico. It was entered by capt. Van
couver, in 1792, who thus speaks of foe coun
try ; " the serenity of the climate, the innumer
able pleasing landscapes, and the abundant fer
tility that unassisted nature puts forth, require
only to be enriched by the industry of man,
with villages, mansions, cottages, and other
buildings, to render it foe most lovely coun
try that can be imagined ; whilst the labour of
the inhabitants would be amply rewarded in the
bounties which nature seems ready to bestow
on cultivation." — Port Discovery lies on the
south side of the strait, and Port St. Juan on
the north. •
Juan de Nova, two small islands in the Indian
sea. Lon. 52. 45. E. Lat. 10. 20. S.
Juan de los Llanos, pr. S. America, E. of New
Grenada, but little known.
Juan Rio, t. Cuba ; 26 ESE. Spiritu Santo.
Juar, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 17 S. Secundara.
Juorros, X. Spain, Old Castile ; 8 SE. Burgos.
Juaye, or Juais, X. France, in Calvados, on
the Aure ; 4 S. Bayeux, 13 W. Caen.
Juba, (an. Pombcditha,) X. Syria, on the right
bank of foe Euphrates, on a narrow tongue of
land, formed by the winding of the river ; 62
SW. Tecrit, 90 WNW. Bagdad. Lon. 41. 58. E.
Lat. 33. 42. N.
J-u6at, isl. in foe Red sea. Lon. 33. 40. E.
tat. 27. 30. N.
Jubbel, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris; 50
SE. Al Modain.

Jubbra, X. Bengal ; 45 WNW. Ramgur. Lon.
84. 58. E. Lat. 23. 58. N.
Jubo, km. Afrioa, on the coast of Ajan, near
the E. Indian sea, with a capital of the same
name, subject to the Portuguese. Lon. 43. 20.
E. Lat. 0. 50. N.
Jubo, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
sea a little N. of the equinoctial line. Lon. 42.
46. E.
JuAu, t Africa, in Benin.
Jubones, r Peru, which runs into foe Pacific
ocean, Lat. 3. 20. S.
Jncarichi, X. Mexico, in New Biscay; 110
NW. Parral.
Jucasetz, X. Sclavonia ; 25 S. Eszek.
Jucendro, X. Madagascar. Lon. 47. 14. E. Lat.
23. 10. S.
Juchipila, X. Mexica, in Guadalaxara, capital
of a district ; 60 N. Guadalaxara.
Juckasjervi, X. Swedish Lapland ; 145 NW.
Tornea. Lon. 20. 46. E. Lat. 67. 50. N.
Juckalaglieri, X. Carnatic ; 5 E. Muglee.
Juckz, t. Turkestan ; 45 SW. Turkestan.
Judan, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 20 W. Junere.
Judda, X. Hind., in Gurrah ; 10 E. Mahur.
Judea, the S. part of Palestine, and often ap
plied to the whole country. See Palestine.
Judenbach, t. Ger., Meiningen ; 12 NE. Co
burg. Pop. 720.
Judenburg, t. and capital of Upper Stiria, on
the river Muehr; 32 WNW. Gratz, 84 SW.
Vienna. Lon. 14. 43. E. Lat. 47. 43. N. H. 140.
It is situated in a plain surrounded with lofty
mountains always covered with snow. It has
a castle, a college, and 2 convents.
Judges, cluster of rocks off Cape Deserada,
near the coast of Terra del Fuego.
Judith's River, r. N. America, which runs into
the Missouri 2,440 miles from foe Mississippi.
Judoigne, or Geldenaeken, t. Brabant, on the
Geete ; 12 SSE. Louvain, 25 W. Liege. Fop.
2,012. Near it are the ruins of an ancient castle.
Judoma, r. Russia, in Irkutskoi, which joins
the Maia, Lon. 134. 14. E. Lat. 58. 50. N.
Judomskoi Krest, fortress, Russia, Irkutskoi,
on the banks of the Judoma ; 2 WNW. Ochotsk.
Judook, t. Bengal ; 18 N. Dacca.
Judosa Bay, bay in NW. corner of the gulf of
Mexico. Jucfras, X. Africa, in Barra.
Jufosia, X. Arabia, Oman ; 160 ESE. El Catif.
Jug, r. Russia, which runs into the Dwina,
near Ustiug, in Vologda.
Jugang, t. Thibet ; 30 ENE. Zuenga.
Jugdallik, X. Candahar, on the Kameh; 35
ESE. Cabul.
Jugdees, X. Hind., Oude ; 31 NE. Allahabad.
Jugdispour, X. Hind., Bahar ; 15 SW. Arrah.
Lon. 83. 36. E. Lat. 25. 27. N.
Jugdispour, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 8 S. Bettiah.
Lon. 84. 51. E. Lat. 26. 39. N.
Jugispour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 44 N. Manick-
pour. Jugdispour, X. Hind., in Oude ; 46 WSW. Kai
rabad. Juggernaulh, Juggunnatha, Jagarnautporu-
rum, (Jagatnalha, i. e. the Lord of the World,)
celebrated place of Hindoo worship, Hind., on
the sea coast of Orissa, district of Cattack ; 42
S. Cattack, 310 SW. Calcutta, 710 NNE. Ma-

JUL

821

JUM

dras, 1,050 E. Bombay. The pagoda stands
close to the sea shore, a few miles NE. Chilka
lake, and adjacent to foe town of Persotem.
The surrounding country is extremely barren.
The pagoda is a shapeless mass, no way re
markable, except as an object of Hindoo ven
eration. Dr. Carey is of opinion, that as many
as 1,200,000 persons visit the place every year,
of whom an incredible proportion, (some say
9 of 10,) die on their way from want, fatigue,
or disease. For 50 miles distant the approach
to the spot is known by the quantity of human
bones strewed in the way. The characteristics
of the idol's worship are obscenity and blood.
Jughinol, X. Bengal ; 7 SSW. Moorley.
Jughigopa, X. Bengal ; 27 E. Rangamatty.
Jugnac, t. France, Charente ; 15 S. Angou-
lesme. Pop. 1,300.
Jugon, X. France, in North Coasts, on the
Arquenon; 9 SE. Lamballe, 10.W. Dinan. Pop.
700. Jugrat, t. Hind., in Chanderee ; 15 N. Chan
deree. JuAoo, one of the mouths of the Indus; 10
W. of the Ritchel.
Juida, see Whidah.
Juigne, X. France, in Sarte ; 3 NE. Sable.
JuUlac, X. France^in Correze ; 12 SW. Uzer-
ches, 14 W. Tulle. Pop. 2,010.
Juillac, le Coq, X. France, in Charente ; 5 S.
Cognac. Pop. 1,500.
Juilly, X. France, Seine-and-Marne ; 7 NW.
Meaux. Juine, r. France, which; united with foe Es
tampes, forms the Essone.
Jujui, or Xuxui, r. S. A. which rises 100
WNW. Omaguaca, by which name it is at first
called ; till being joined by several small rivers
at St Salvador, it takes the name of Jujui. On
the borders of the province of Chaco, it joins
the Vermejo in Lat. 24. 50. S. Its whole course
is SE. nearly 300 miles.
Jujumora, X. Hind., in Sumbulpour; 20 SSE.
Sumbulpour. Jukan, X. Guzerat ; 20 W. Noanagur.
Jukum, X. Courland ; 32 ESE. Goldingen.
Julallabad, see Doosliak.
Julamerick, X. A. Turkey, in Kurdistan ; 120
ESE. Betlis. Pop. 1,000. It is the capital of a
hilly district.
Julbach, v. Bavaria, with a castle ; 4 W. Bra-
tmau, 8 NNE. Burkhausen.
Juleta, X. Sweden, in Sudermania ; 35 NW.
Nykioping. Julfa, see Zulpha.
Julfar, or Dsjillfar, X. Arabia, in Oman, in a
bay of foe Persian gulf; 100 NW.. Oman, 160
NW. Mascat. Lon. 57. E. Lat. 26. 3. N.
Julganoo, X. Hind., in the Candeish ; 46 E.
Burhampour. Julgong, X. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 15 SW.
Aurungabad. Juli, X. Buenos Ayres, in Chucuito, on west
shore of lake Titiaca ; 95 NW. La Paz. 4 In
dian chh.
Julia Alba, now Akerman.
Julia Augusla, now Valence.
Julia Joza, now Tariff a.
Julia Traducta.now Arzilla.
Julias, now Tell-oui.

Julier, high mt. Switz., in the Grisons, be
longing to the N. chain of the Alps.
Juliers, ci-devant duchy, Westphalia, bounded
N. by Gueldres, E. by Cologne and foe Rhine,
S. by Blankenbeim and Schleiden, and W. by
Liege, Gueldres, and foe Meuse. It now forms
a part of the Prussian province of the Lower-
Rhine, and government of Aix-la-Chapelle. It
has a fruitful soil, which produces all sorts of
corn in abundance, together with good meadow
and pasture land. Much woad also is cultivated
here, and linen manufactured.
Juliers, or Julich, city, Pru. Aix-la-Chapelle,
capital of a circle of the same name, formerly
capital of a duchy, on the Ruhr ; 22 W. Cologne,
37 NE. Liege. Lon. 6. 18. E. Lat. 50. 54. N.
Pop. 2,126. It is small, but strong, and has a
regular citadel, 1 Lutheran, 1 Reformed, and 1
Catholic church.
Juliers-Cleves-Berg, pr. Prussia, in the Ger
man circles of Lower Rhine and Westphalia,
comprehending foe late archbishopric of Co
logne, the duchies of Cleves and Berg, fac Pop.
908,185. Sq. m. 3,636. It is divided into three
governments, Cologne, Dusseldorf, and Cleves.
It is one of the most populous territories be
longing to Prussia. The Rhine passes through
the whole length of it. The inhabitants are
Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists.
Julifunda, X. Africa, in Dentila ; 10 W. Bani-
serile. Julin, see Wollin.
Julio, mt. Switz., Grisons ; 8 SW. Zulz.
Juliomagus, now Angers.
Juliusburg, or Dreske, X. Silesia, in Oels ; 4
N. Oels, 15 NE. Breslau. Lon. 17. 22. E. Lat.
51. 15. N. Pop. 600.
Julkanpour, t. Guzerat ; 50 NW. Amedabad.
Julkudder, X. Bengal ; 27 S. Islamabad.
Jullie, X. France, Rhone ; 15 N. Villefranche,
27 ENE. Roanne. Pop. 1,086.
Julloma, t. Buenos Ayres, in La Paz ; 50
SSW. La Paz.
Julsio, X. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 52 NW.
Stroemsholm. Jultowkow, X. Rus. Podolia ; 54 WNW. Brac
law. Jumarah, r. Bengal, which runs into the bay,
Lon. 88. 38. E. Lat. 21. 34. N.
Jumandar, X. Natolia; 24 ESE. Degnizlu.
Jumbo, t. Africa, in Casson ; 5 NW. Koonia-
kary. Jumbooali, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 5 S. Brodera.
Jumbooseer, X. Guzerat ; 8 NW. Amood.
Jumcundy, X. Hind., in Visiapour ; 11 W. Gal-
gala. Jumday, X. Bengal ; 30 S. Boglipour.
Jumeaux, t. France, in Puy de Dome ; 9 SE.
Issoire. Pop. 1,100.
Jumella, X. Spain, in Murcia ; 22 SW. Mur
cia. Pop. 5,968.
Jwmelle, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 6 S.
Bauge, 10 N. Saumur. Pop. 1,450.
Jumelliers, (La,) X. France, in Mayne-and-
Loire ; 13 SSW. Angers. Pop. 1,200.
Jumetz, X. Neth., in Hainaut. Pop. 5,205.
Jumeltas, or Yumettas Keys, range of islets or
rocks among the Bahamas, extending from SW.
coast of foe island of Yuma. Lon. 76. W. Lat.
22. 40. N.

JUN

822

JUP

Jumgerbad, t. Hind. ; 30 W. Benares.
Jumiege, X. France, Lower Seine ; 12 WSW.
Rouen. Jumilamurka, X. Carnatic ; 25 NNW. Ongola.
Jumilhac, X. France, in Dordogne ; 9 N. Exi-
tleuil. Pop. 2,424.
Jummaneah, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 10 NE.
, Peploud. Jummeedy, X. Bengal ; 24 S. Ghidore.
Jummoo, or Jumbo, X. Hind., capital of a dis
trict, in Lahore, to which it gives name ; 76
NE. Lahore, 285 NW. Delhi. Lon. 74. 5. E. Lat.
33. N. It is situated on the side of a hill, on
the river Rawee, and divided into upper and
lower towns. It is a mart of considerable con
sequence. Jummucandy, t. Bengal ; 20 SW. Moorshed
abad. Lon. 88. 13. E. Lat. 23. 56. N.
Jumnah, or Yumna, (an. Jomanes,) r. which
rises from the Himmaleh mountains in Thibet,
passes by the cities of Delhi and Agra, and runs
into the Ganges, at Allahabad. Length 780 m.
Jumnee, X. Bengal ; 20 W. Noony.
Jumotto, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 12 SE. Nan-

Jumunderad, X. Sweden, in Angermannland ;
24 N. Hernosand.
Jwna, r. Russia, which runs into the Aldan,
Lon. 135. 14. E. Lat. 60. 52. N.
Junagur, t. fa fortress/Hind., in GHzerat; 170
SW. Amedabad. Lon. 69. 54. E. Lat. 21. 50. N.
Junaksa, one of the Fox Islands, in the Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 189. 14. E. Lat. 53. 26. N.
Junat, t. Bengal ; 13 NE. Rogonatpour.
Juncdl, s-p. S. A., in Chili, on the coast of
the Pacific ocean ; 50 N. Copiapo.
Juncalds-, t. France, in Upper-Pyrenees ; 12
S. Tarbes.
Juncaw, X. Hind., in Mohurbunge ; 25 N. Har
riorpour. Junco, r. Africa, which crosses the Grain coast,
and runs into foe Atlantic, 90 ESE. Cape
Monte. Junculam, X. Java, on SW. coast ; 55 SSW.
Batavia. Lon. 105. 15. E. Lat. 6. 40. S.
Jundgeh, X. Natolia ; 16 W. Kiutaja.
Jundoo, X. Bengal ; 5 S. Ghidore.
Junere, X. Hind., in the Baglana country ; 47
S. Nassuck, 122 WSW. Aurungabad. Lon. 73.
69. E. Lat. 19. 11. N.
Junes, (EIJ X. Morocco ; 15 NE. Azamor.
JunevUle, t. France, Ardennes ; 7 N. Rethel.
Jung Buntzel, see Buntzlau.
Junga, see Liunga.
Jungdrawberg, X. Prussia ; 20 S. Dantzic.
Jungenleslau, see Inowloczaw.
Jungeera, X. Hind., in Bahar, on the Ganges.
Lon. 86. 33. E. Lat 25. 10. N.
Jungcrbad,.X. Hind. ; 35 W. Benares.
Jungevskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 56 S.
Kemskoi. Jungferberg, high mt. Russia, in Riazan, on
the Volga.
Jungfern Teinitz, see Teinilz.
Jungfrnu, mt. Switz., Bern, in foe valley of
Lauterbrunnen ; 13,600 feet above the level of
the sea. It is one of the most extraordinary
and magnificent mountains of foe northern
chain ofthe Alps, being surrounded on all sides
by frightful rocks and precipices, and covered
with enormous masses of snow and glaciers.

Jungfrun, (Star,) small isl. on W. side of the
gulf of Bothnia; about 6 miles in circ. Lon. 17.
10. E. Lat. 61. 10. N. It isa high, rocky island,
and dangerous to navigation.
Jungfrun, (LSI,) small isl. on W. side ofthe
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17. 9. E. Lat. 61. 16. N.
Jungherah, small isl. in the river Ganges, on
which is a seminary of Hindoo mendicants ; 12
miles from Boglipour.
Jungile, t. Hind,, Benares ; 20 S. Bidzigur.
Jungipour, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 20 N. Moor
shedabad. Here the East India Company have
their principal silk establishment.
Junglebarry, X. Bengal ; 50 N. Dacca.
Jungnau, t Ger., Hohenzollern-Siegmarin-
gen ; 14 W. BuchaU, 40 S. Stuttgart.
Jungs Hoved, or Jungs Head, cape, Denmark,
on E. coast of the island of Zealand. Lon. 12'.
11. E. Lat. 53. 7. N.
Jungwostitz, t. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 10 NNE.
Tabor. Juniatta, navigable r. Pa., formed by three
branches, which rise in the counties of Cam
bria, Bedford, and Huntingdon. It has an east
erly course, and joins foe Susquehanna, 11 m.
above Harrisburg.
Juniatta, X. Perry co. Pa. Pop. 1,748.
Juniow, t Rus. Podolia ; 52 N. Braclaw.
Junisen, X. Finland, in Kemi ; 64 NNE.Kemi.
Juniville, X. France, in Ardennes ; 6 S. Re
thel. Pop. 1,000.
Junius, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. ; 25 N. Ovid,
182 WNW. Albany, W. 358. Pop. in 1810,
2,251 ; in 1820, 5,113. It lies at the north end
of Seneca and Cayuga lakes, and includes the
village of Waterloo.
Junius, r. Va., a branch of the Little Ken
hawa. Junk, r. Guinea, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lon. 10. 5. W. Lat 6. 5. N.
Junkeradt, X. Pru. Coblentz ; 7 N. Gerolstein.
Junkownda, X. Africa, Yani ; 22 W. Pisania.
Junkseilon, or Jan Sylan, or Junk Ceylon, isl.
in the E. Indian sea, situated on E. side of the
bay of Bengal, formerly belonging to Siam, but
since 1810 to Birmah. It is about 40 m. long,
and 15 broad; and separated from the continent
of Malacca by a narrow isthmus of sand, about
a mile in length, and half a mile in breadth.
There are 17 towns or villages, and the inhabi
tants of the whole island may be in number
about 12,000 souls. The annual export of tin
is estimated at 500 tons. Lon. 98. 20. E. Lat. 8.
0. N.
Junona, now Gomera.
Junossuvando, t. Norwegian Lapland, with an
extensive iron mine and smelting furnace, foe
most northern in the world. Lat. 67. 80. N.
Junqueira, (La,) X. Spain, in Catalonia ; 30
N. Gerona. Pop. 700. This was a colony of
Massilians, and at one time a considerable city,
and a bishop's see. In foe year 920, a battle
was fought here between the Christians and
the Moors, in which the former were defeated
with great loss. The environs abound with
cork trees.
Junoh, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 35 NE. Nagpour.
Juparitubaca, r. Brazil, which runs into the
Atlantic, Lat. 11. 10. S.
Jupiter, r. isl. of Anticosli, which runs into

JUR

823

JUT

the river St. Lawrence, Lon. 63. 42. W. Lat.
49. 25. N.
Jupiter Amman, see Siwah.
Jura, mt. or rather a long chain of mountains,
which extends from foe Rhine, near Bale, to
the Rhdne, about 10 miles below Geneva ;
sometimes more, sometimes less elevated; and
in different places taking different names.
Height of the most elevated summits :
Feet.
Reculet . . 5,200,
Dole . . 5,178 or 5,774.
Montendre . 5,170
Jura, dep. France, bounded north by Upper-
Sa6ne, E.by Doubs and the canton of Berne in
Switzerland, S. by Aine, and W. by Saflne-and-
Loire and COte-d'Or, It is divided into 4 arron-
dissernents, Lons le Saunier, the capital, Dole,
Foligny,faSt Claude. Sq.m. 2,050. Pop. 292,882.
Jura, isl. in the North sea, near W. coast of
Scotland. It extends fully 30 miles in length,
and is, on an average, 7 broad. It is the most
ragged of the Western Isles, being composed
chiefly of huge rocks, piled one on another in the
utmost disorder, naked, and incapable of culti
vation. The chief of these mountains extend
in foe form of a ridge, from S. to N., nearly in
the middle of the island. They are 4 in num
ber, which are termed the Paps of Jura, and
are conspicuous at a great distance. They are
called Beinn-a-chaolais, Beinn-an-oir, Beinn-
sheunta, and Corra-bhein. Beinn-sheunta is
2,359 feet, and Beinn-an-oir is 2,500 feet above
the level of the sea. The climate of Jura is very
healthy. The Gaelic istheonlylanguage spoken
in the island. Lon. 5. 55. W. Lat. 55. 58. N.
Pop. 1,157.
Jura Sound, strait of the sea, which separates
foe island of Jura from the main land of Ar
gyle, about 4 miles wide.
Jurangon, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees, near
Pau ; celebrated for its wine.
gurbo, r. S. A., which runs into the gulf of
Darien, Lon. 76. 44. W. Lat. 8. 15. N.
Jurborg, X. Samogitia ; 20 SSW. Rosienne.
Jurby Point, cape on W. point of the Isle of
Man ; 5 W. Ramsay. Lon. 4. 28. W. Lat. 54.
23. N.
Jurev Povolskoi, X. Russia, in Kostrom, on the
Volga; 73 ESE. Kostrom. Lon. 43. 14. E. Lat.
57. 10. N.
Jurevska, X. Russia, Olonetz ; 40 NE. Olgskoi.
Jurgeitsche, X. Prussia ; 8 SSW. Insterburg.
Juriagwr, X. Bengal ; 30 SW. Rogonatpour.
Lon. 86. 35. E. Lat. 23. 45. N.
Jurgiany, X. Rus. Wilna; 28 S. Birza.
Jurgistan, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 105 N. Schiras.
Juriewicze, X. Rus. Minsk ; 40 E. Minsk.
Juriewo, X. Rus. Minsk ; 20 ENE. Minsk.
Jurilgunge, X. Bengal, Chittigong ; 35 NNW.
Islamabad. Juringi, X. Japan, Niphon ; 40 WNW. Jedo.
Jurgura, (an. Mons Ferraius,) mt. Africa, in
Algiers, and supposed to be the highest in Bar
bary ; 24 S. Dellys, 60 SE. Algiers. It is at least
24 miles long ; and, if we except a pool of good
water, bordered round with arable ground, that
lies near the middle of it, the whole, from one
end to the other, is a continued range of naked
rocks and precipices. In the winter season, the

ridge of this mountain is always Covered with
snow. Jurkone, x. Hind., in Kitchwara ; 15 S. Bu-'
dawar. Jurmo, small, isl, in the Baltic, between the
island of Aland and the coast of Finland. Lon.
20. 52. E. Lat. 60. 33. N.
Juro, or Devil's Island, small island in the
Grecian Archipelago. Lon. 24. 15. E. Lat. 39.
33. N.
Juro Poulo, small isl. in foe Grecian Archi
pelago. Lon. 24. 16, E. Lat. 39. 35. N.
Juroco, X. Brazil, in Minas Geraes ; 110 SW.
Villa Rica.
Jurouda, X. Hind., in Chandaree ; 15 SE. Se-
ronge. Jurozec, X. Rus. Minsk ; 80 SE. Minsk.
Jur Tcheremonskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on
the Oby ; 68 SW. Tomsk.
Juruo, t. Finland ; 32 NNE. Christinestadt.
Juruena, r. Brazil, which runs NE., and unit
ing with the Arinos, forms the Tapajos.
Jurullo, see Jorullo.
Jurunge, X. Hind., in Bahar, on foe Bogmut-
ty ; 13 W. Durbungah.
Jurzec, X. Rus. Minsk ; 20 N. Rohaczow.
Juseritz, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
3 N. Steinau.
Jushpour, circar, Hind., in Orissa, bounded
N. by Surgooja, E. by a part of Bahar, S. by
Gangpour and Ruttunpour, and W. by Ruttun
pour. Odeypour appears to be the capital.
Jusofie, X. Arabia, in Hadsjar, on S. coast of
the Persian gulf. Lon. 50. 30. E. Lat. 25. 34. N.
Jussawha, t. Hind., in Moultan ; 14 W. Tou-
lomba. Jussey, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Upper-Sa6ne, on the Amance ; 15
NW. Vesoul, 21 E. Langres. Lon. 5. 59. E. Lat.
47. 49. N. Pop. 3,033.
Jussy, X. France, in Yonne ; 5 S. Auxerre.
Jussy, X. Savoy ; 6 E. Geneva.
Justabas, X. S. A., in Tucuman ; 45 NW. St.
Fernando. Justingen, X. Wurt. ; 16 NNE. Buchau, 32 SE
Stuttgart. Justiniana, now Giustendil.
Juterbock, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam,,
with 2 fauxbourgs, on the Angcrbach ; 16 NE.
Wittenberg, 24 S. Potsdam. Lon. 13. 2. E. Lat
52. N. Pop. 2,750. In 1644, a battle was fought
here between the Swedes and Imperialists, in
which the latter were defeated ; and on 6th
Sept. 1813, another between the French and
Allies. Julhia, see Siam.
Jutland, pr. Denmark, bounded on all sides'
by the sea, except towards the south, where it
is bounded by Sleswick. It is about 180 miles
in length, and from 70 to 90 in breadth ; and1
of all the territories belonging to Denmark
Proper, it is the largest, and yields foe greatest
revenue. Sq. m. 9,500. Pop. 440,000. It is di
vided into four bishoprics, Aalborg, Wiborg,
Aarhuus, and Ripen. The countiy is indented
by bays and inlets, but has few rivers, and none
large. The north coast is an immense range of
sand banks, dangerous to navigation. The
countiy is generally low, having no mountains.
On the east coast there are extensive forests of

JUV

824

JYV

oak, fir, birch, fac. ; on foe west are hardly any
species of trees but alder and willow. The kind
' of grain most cultivated is rye, great quantities
of which are exported to Norway. The pastu
rages are extensive and rich ; horses and cattle
numerous. Iron, marble, and limestone are
found ; also excellent turf. The most of the
inhabitants speak Danish ; the gentry German.
The religion is Lutheran. Agriculture and
education are in rather a backward state.
The peninsula of Jutland, anciently called
Cimbrica,OT Chersonesus Cimbrica, includes both
the province of Jutland and the duchy of Sles
wick in the south.
Julphaas, v. Neth. ; 7 S. Utrecht. Pop. 800.
Jutram, t. Hind., in Guzerat, on the gulf of
Cambay; 16 NW. Amood.
Jutroschin, or Jutroszin, t. Pru. Posen ; 31
SE. Leszno, 56 S. Posen. Pop. 1,352.
Juttara, t. Hind., in Cicacole ; 10 N. Visiga-
patam. Jutwar, circar, Hind., in Guzerat, on the left
bank of the Puddar, a little above the gulf of
Cutch, about 25 miles long, and 16 broad.
Juga, X. Finland ; 51 ENE. Kuopio.
Juvavum, now Salzburg.
Juvelskoi, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 212 SW. Ob-
dorskoi. Lon. 61. 14. E. Lat. 63. 40. N.

Juveniee, t. Russia, in Wilna ; 70 E. Lida.
Juvigny, t. France, in Channel ; 4 NW. Mor-
tain, 14 E. Avranches. Pop. 670.
Juvigny, t. France, in Marne ; 9 NW. Cha
lons sur Marne.
Juvigny, t. France, in Orne ; SE. Domfront.
Pop. 1,945.
Juvigny, t. France, in Mayenne ; 4 SW. Er-
nee, 13 NW. Laval.
Ju-yuen, t. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong; 16 WSW. Chao-tcheou.
JUzcur, t. Africa, in Fez, on the coast of foe
Mediterranean; 15 W. Mezemba.
Juzennecourt, t. France, in Upper-Marne ; 6
NW. Chaumont.
Jyenagur, circar, Hind., S. of the Mewat. •
Jyenagur, or Jyepour, X. Hind., capital of Jye
nagur; 70 ENE. Agimere, 104 W. Agra. Lon.
75. 40. E. Lat. 26. 58. N. It is one of the hand
somest and most regular towns in India. The
houses are of stone, and the streets are large
and spacious, intersecting each other at right
angles. A citadel, commanding the town is
situated on a steep rock.
Jyepour, t. Hind., Cattack ; 16 NE. Cattack.
Jytepour, t. Hind., in Bundelcund ; IS NE.
Chatterpour. Jyvaskyla, t. Finland ; 120 SE. Wasa.

K.

KAB
KAADE, X. Arabia Felix, in Yemen ; 12 N.
Tilas. Kaa el H>ud, v. Arabia Felix, which is chiefly
inhabited by Jews, who are not suffered to
lodge in the town of Sana, near which it is sit
uated. Kadi, r. Ger., which runs into the Maine, 2
below Dettingen.
Kaarta, country, Africa, bounded N. by Lu-
damar, E. by Bambarra, S. by Fooladoo, and
W. by Kasson ; about 200 ' miles long, and 80
broad. Kemmoo is the capital. Lon. 5. 10. to
8. 20. W. Lat. 13. 10. to 15; N.
Kaawi, X. Finland ; 22 ENE. Kuopio.
Knh, (El,) (an. Eileilhyia, or Crocodilopolis,)
t. Egypt, on E. bank of the Nile, a little above
Asna. Here are various ruins.
Kabak, X. Persia, in Schirvan ; 50 SSW. Sca-
machie. Kabala, X. Persia, in Schirvan ; 36SSW.Sca-
machie. Kab-al-Sor, X. Arabian Irak ; 162 W. Bassora.
Kabania, v. fa fortress, Russia, in Upha ; 80
SE. Okunevsk. Lon. 65.50.E. Lat. 55.N. H. 75.
Kabanskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi ; 28 WNW.
Verchnei Udinsk.

KAB
Kabarda, X. Russia, in Caucasus ; 32 S. Ekal-
erinograd. Kabarum, r. Persia, in Farsistan, which runs
into the Bend Emir, 20 NW. Baiza.
Kabarta, r. Russia, in Tauris, which passes by
Bacca Serai, and runs into the Black sea, 15
NW. from that town.
Kabas, X. Egypt ; 6 SE. Faoua.
Kabassi, t. Albania ; 24 N. Alessio.
Kabba, X. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger;
10 NE. Sego.
Kaberan, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 45 E. Mcs-
chid. Kabestera, district, Africa, on the Gold coast.
Kabiki, X. Japan, Niphon ; 25 SW. Nigata.
Kabis, or Chabis, or Gabbis, X. Persia, in Ker
man; 120 NNE. Sirjian, 300 ESE. Ispahan.
Lon. 57. 50. E. Lat. 31. N.
Kaboja, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 90 W. Meaco.
Kabra, X. Africa, in the kingdom of Tombuc
too, on N. side of foe Niger ; 8 SE. Tombuc
too, of which it is the port.
Kabrend, t. Persia, Farsistan ; 100 S. Schiras.
Kabroang, one of foe Salibabo Islands, in the
E. Indian sea, about 18 miles in circumference.
Lon. 126. 30. E. Lat. 3. 50. N.

KAF

825

KAI

Kabrua, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 16 S.
Ternova. Kabur, r. A. Turkey, which runs into the Eu
phrates, near Kerkisia.
Kachan, X. Persia, in Irak ; 105 N. Ispahan.
Kachao, X. Africa, in Kumbo, on the river San
Domingo, about 50 miles from the mouth. Lon.
16. W. Lat. 12. 6. N. It is snrrounded with a
rampart and palisades, and defended with artil
lery and a Portuguese garrison. Here is a par
ish church, and a convent of capuchins.
Kaclitan, or Cachtan, small district, Arabia,
situated among mountains, about 6 days' jour
ney NNE. Saade; governed by a sheich.
Kaciazyn, X. Rus. Wilna ; 36 NE. Wilna.
Kachenhausen, X. Prussia, in Ermeland ; 5 N.
Heilsberg. Kacova, t. -Transylvania ; 12 S. Colosvar.
K&dan, or Caadan, X. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 12
W. Saatz, 44 S. Dresden. Lon. 13. 16. E. Lat.
50. 20. N. Pop. 3,178. This place is remarkable
for a treaty in the reign of the emperor Ferdi
nand I. for restoring Wurtemberg to dukeUlrick.
Kadar, X. Mingrelia ; 16 NNE. Anarghia.
Kodos, (an. KedeshJ X. Palestine; 20 E. Tyre.
Kadetna, see Cathem.
Kaden, X. Russia, in Polesia ; 14 S. Brzesc.
Kaden-kan, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 28
W. Cogni.
Kadely, t. Bengal ; 8 NW. Ramgur.
Kader, isl. at NW. extremity of the Persian
gulf, formed between the streams of foe Eu
phrates and the Tigris. .
Kadersbach, or Kazbach, r. Bavaria, which
runs into the Regen, 1 SW. Kotzing.
Kadesia, X. Arabian Irak ; 80 SW. Bagdad.
Kodi-fteni, (an. Proceraslis, Colbusa, and
Chalcedony X. Natolia, on the Bosphorus, oppo
site to Constantinople. It was once important,
but now a small village. Chalcedon was a
large city of Bithynia ; and was famous for a
council held here, in 455, against Eutiches.
Kadiampetty, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 7 S. Wom-
binellore. Kadjang, X. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
119. 50. E. Lat. 6. 28, S.
Kadiei, X. Russia, in Kostrom ; 68 ENE. Kos
trom. Kaditte, X. Prussia ; 23 S. Brandenbur|.
Kadnikov, X. Russia, in Vologda ; 10 NNE.
Vologda. Kadom, X. Russia, in Tambov ; 108 NNE.
Tambov. Pop. 4,724.
Kadruguta, X. Hind., in Singboom ; 40 SE.
Doesa. Kadros, or Ghydros, or Kitros, (an. CytorusJ
X. Natolia ; 20 E. Amastra.
Kadsinda,X. Japan, Niphon ; 30 SW. Nambu.
Kadzurim, X. Bahar ; 12 NE. Rotasgur.
Kaen, X. Africa, fa cap. of a kingdom on the
banks of the Gambia. Lat. 13. N.
Kaendar, see Carendar.
Kafar Tutha, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 12
NE. Rasain, 32 SW. Nisibin.
Kafer, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 40 S. Schiras.
Euffaba, X. Africa, capital of a kingdom of the
same name, in Nigritia. Lon. 0. 12. W. Lat. 11.
45. N.
Kaffernberg, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg-Sdn-
dershausen ; 2 SE. Arnstadt.
Vol. I. 104

Kafr Errizi, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile; 18 S. Cairo.
Kafr el Risk, X. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 3 NE. Atfieh.
Kaffraria, see Caffraria.
Kaga, X. Japan, on NW. coast of Niphon.
Lon. 137. 40. E. Lat. 57. 15. N.
Kagan, X. Russia, between Astrachan and foe
Caspian sea; 10 S. Astrachan.
Kagalmilzkaia, fortress, Russia, in the coun
try of the Cosacs, on the Don ; 76 E. Azoph.
Kagaron, X. Austria ; 8 SE. Korn Neuburg.
Kagerod, X. Sweden, in Skone ; 12 SE. Hel-
singborg. Kagnas, small island, in the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 21. 7. E. Lat. 64. 48. N.
Kagzevan, X. A. Turkey, in Erzerum ; 36 SE.
Cars, 110 E. Erzerum. Lon. 43. 20. E. Lat. 39.
35. N.
Kahakaman, small isl. in foe E. Indian sea,
near N. coast of Borneo. Lon. 117. 33. E. Lat.
7. 21. N.
Kahec, t. Persia, Segestan ; 37 SW. Dergasp.
Kdhede, X. Africa, on N. side of the Senegal.
Lon. 11.47.W. Lat. 16. 8. N.
Kahem, or Cajem, (an. AgamanaJ X. A. Tur
key, on the Euphrates ; 60 WSW. Ana, 70. S.
Kahaba. Kahgon, X. Bengal ; 20 S. Moorshedabad.
Kahhlan, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 56 E. Loheia.
Kahl, X. Ger., on a river of the same name,
near the Maine ; 4 S. Hanau.
Kahl, r. Ger., which runs into the Maine, 4
S. Hainau.
Kahla, X. Gotha, in Altenburg, on foe Saak ;
8 S. Jena, 36 W. Altenburg. Lon. 11. 27. E.
Lat. 50. 48. N. Pop. 1,800.
Kahon, see Cham.
Kahone, t. Africa, in Bursali. Lon. 16. 8. W.
Lat. 13. 56. N.
Kahun, X. Persia, Kerman ; 36 SW. Sirgian.
Kai, X. Russia, in Viatka, on the Kama ; 124
NE. Viatka. Pop. 1,382.
Kajaaga, or Gallam, km. Africa, bounded N.
by the Senegal, SE. by Bambouk, and W. by
Bondou and Foota Torra. This country is cal
led Gallam, by foe French, from the name of
the capital. The air and climate, Mr. Park
thinks, are more pure and salubrious, than at
any of the settlements towards the coast ; the
face of the countiy is every where interspersed
with a pleasing variety of hills and valleys, and
the windings of the Senegal river, which de
scends from the rocky hills of the interior,
make the scenery on its banks very picturesque
and beautiful. The inhabitants are called Se-
rawoollies. Kaiderm, t. Persia, Segestan ; 90 W. Zareng.
Kaiderm, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 15 E. Tershiz.
Kaifong, city, China, of the first rank, in Ho
nan ; 325 SSW. Peking. Lon. 114. 14. E. Lat.
54. 53. N.
Kaigol, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 225 N. Herat.
Kaiguez, (an. CaunusJ t. A. Turkey, on S.
coast of Natolia ; 18 S. Mogla. Lon. 28. 19. E
Lat. 36. 50. N.
Kaigum, t. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 36 SW.
Aurungabad. Kaiha, t. Finland ; 60 NNE. Jamsio.
Kai-hou, X. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 25 W. Kui-tcheou.

KAK

826

KAL

Kajipet, X. Hind., in Cuddapa, on the Pennar ;
20 SE. Cuddapa.
Kailasuetuevskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on
the Argun ; 160 SSE. Nertchinsk.
Kaimeni, small isl. in the Grecian Archipela
go. Lon. 23. 26. E. Lat. 36. 57. N.
Kaimoo, X. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger.
Lon. 3. 46. W. Lat. 13. 56. N.
Kaimow, t. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 12 N.
Chatterpour. Kain, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 60 SSW. Herat.
Kainach, r. Stiria, which runs into the Muehr,
near Wildan. •
Kainer, X. Persian Armenia ; 24 SE. Erivan.
Kaingerskoi, small isl. in the N. Pacific ocean ;
near E. coast of Kamtschafka, belongingto Rus
sia.. Lon. 160. E. Lat. 53. 40. N.
Kainsk, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Om ;
108 SE. Tara, 152 NW. Kolivan. Lon.77.54.E.
Lat. 56. 55. N. Pop. 3,000.
Kaira, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 10 SSW. Mah-
moodabad. Kairabad, circar. Hind., in Oude, bounded N.
by Thibet, E. by Bahraitch, S. by Lucknow, fa
W. by Rohilcund; about 80 miles long, and
from 60 to 76 broad. Kairabad is the capital.
Kairabad, or Cairabad, X. Hind., fa capita] of
a circar, in Oude, to which it gives name ; 86
NW. Fyzabad, 190 ESE. Delhi. Lon. 81. 8. E.
Lat. 27. 30. N.
Kair, or Kader, X. Arabian Irak ; 15 SW.Mes-
chid Hosain.
Kairwan, see Cairoan.
Kaisarieh, or Kalsarijah, (an. Mazaca, and
Casarea of CappadociaJ X. A. Turkey, in Cara
mania, and capital of a sangiacat ; 130 NE.
Konieh, 250 ESE. Constantinople. Lon.35.18.E.
Lat. 38. 20. N. Fop. about 25,000. It has a
castle, 3 Armenian churches, and a Greek me
tropolitan church. It is situated at the foot of
a mountain, always covered with snow, about
5 or 6 miles in circumference ; surrounded
with walls, and defended by a castle. It is di
vided into 180 quarters, in each of which is a
mosque or chapel. The principal trade is in
Morocco leather. The town contains various
antiquities ; but its present state is miserable,
and the streets are exceedingly filthy.
Kaiseni, X. Walachia, on the Ardgis ; 25 NW.
Bucharest. Kaisar, mt. in Tyrol; S NW. Lendeck.
Kaisers Laulern, see Lautern.
Kaiserberg, X. France, in Upper Rhine, on
the Weiss ; 5 NW. Colmar. Pop. 2,428.
Kaisersberg, X. Stiria, with a castle on a hill ;
5 SW. Leuben.
Kaisersesch, fac. see Kaysersesch , fac.
Kaisersthul, X. Switz., in Aargau, situated on
a hill, on the Rhine ; 3 NE. Baden ; 12 N. Zu
rich. Pop. 1,720.
Kaiserswerth, X. Prussian Dusseldorf, on foe
Rhine ; 5 N. by W. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,350.
Kai-ton-gi, X. Borneo ; 60 SSE. Negara.
Kajuc, X. Asia, in Charasm ; 23 NW. Samar
cand, 100 SE. Urkonge.
Kakberg, X. Prussia, on the Frisch Nerung ;
18 ENE. Vogelsang.
Kakegava, t. Japan, Niphon ; 95 SW. Jedo.
Kaket, or Kakeli, the eastern part of Georgia,
comprehending a part of the ancient Iberia,

about 180 miles in length, and 90 in breadth.
The air is said to be salubrious, but the country
is thinly inhabited.
Kaket, X. Georgia, Kaket, near Mount Cauca
sus ; 45 NNE. Teflis, 120 NW. Derbend.
Kaki, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 70 N. Meaco.
Kakiat, p-v. Hampstead, Rockland co. N. Y. ;
W. 247.
Kakilan, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 65 N. Bost.
Kakkabban, isl. in the E. Indian sea, and one
ofthe cluster called Maratuba; 40 E. Borneo.
Lon. 116. 50. E. Lat. 2. 8. N.
Kakkawata, one of the small Friendly isl
ands ; 8 ESE. Neeneeva.
Kaknah, i. Hind., which joins the Beeniah,
25 S. Calberga.
Kakouli,X. Turkish Armenia; 27 E. Baibourdi.
Kakundi, see Kocundy.
Kakuri, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 85 NE. Meaco.
Kalaat-ul-Adguz, fort, A. Turkey, in Diarbe
kir, on the Tigris ; 15 E. Gezirat Ibn Omar.
Kalaat Giabar, see Dausar.
Kalaat el Neguir, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ;
25 S. Bir.
Kalabaka, X. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, near
the river Peneus, on E. side of Mount Pindus.
Kaladar, mt. Persia, in Schirvan ; 10 N. Sca-
machie. Kaladgik, X. Natolia ; 8 SE. Kiangari.
Kalah, fortress, Persia, Chorasan, near Mes-
chid, where Nadir Shah treasured up his riches.
Kalakula, r. Africa, in Angola, which crosses
the province of Loanda from NE. to SW. and
runs into the Coanza, near its mouth.
Kalanshee, X. Africa, in Gonjah; 140 SSE.
Gonjah. Kalatoe, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 30
miles in circ. Lon. 122. 15. E. Lat. 7. 18. S.
Kalatu Sefid, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 10 N.
Neubendjan. Kalba, X. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 60 E. Feh
rabad. Kalba, X. Arabia, in Oman, near the Persian
gulf; 100 WSW. Julfar.
Kalbach, X. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 4 N.
Stroemshofm. Kalbra, or Kelbra, X. Pru. Saxony, in Erfurt,
on the Helm ; 27 N. Erfurt. Lori. 11. 4. E. Lat.
51. 28. N. Pop. 1,600.
Kalbron, X. Bavaria ; 2 SSW. Feuchtwang.
Kalkobo, small isl. in foe E. Indian sea. Lon.
117. 39. E. Lat. 5. 20. S.
Kalckreulh, X. Bav. ; 7 N. Nuremberg.
Kaldekirchen, X. Pru. Cleves; 8 NNE. Rure-
mond. Kaldenharl, X. Pru. in Westphalia ; 3 S. Rhu-
den, 9 NNW. Brilon. Pop. 772.
Kalderuza, r. Moldavia, which runs into the
Pruth, 20 N. Jassy.
Kaldurosan, X. Walachia ; 10 NNE. Bucharest.
Kale, v. Scot., which runs into the Tiviot, 4
S. Kelso, in Roxburgh.
Kalentino, X. Walachia ; 8 N. Bucharest.
Kalfi X. Sweden, in West Gothland; 45 SE.
Gotheborg. Kalfskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 53. E. Lat. 62. 34. N.
Kalfveh, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 7. E. Lat. 61.3. N.
Kalgagicha, t. Russia, in Archangelskoe ; 40
SSW. Oneg.

KAL

827

KAL

Kalgapol, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad, on the
Bemah ; 12 SSW. Naldourouk.
Kalguev, isl. in the Frozen sea, about 140
miles in circ. ; 240 NNE. Archangel. Lon. 45.
30. to 47. 30. E. Lat. 68. 20. to 69. 18. N.
Kalham, t. Austria ; 7 W. Efferding.
Kalliat, or Calhat, or Calahat, or Calajate, t.
Arabia, in Oman, at the niouth of a river of foe
same name, which runs into the Arabian gulf;
80 SE. Mascat. Lon. 58. 25. E. Lat. 23. 10. N.
> Kalinina, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tun-
guska. Lon. 106. 26. E. Lat. 60.^56. N.
Kolinova, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus, on
the Malva ; 56 E. Ekaterinograd.
Kalisch, or Kalitz, city, Poland, and capital
of a province of the same name, on the Prosna,
in the late duchy of Warsaw ; 67 NE. Breslau,
154 S. Dantzic. Lon. 18. 0. E. Lat. 51. 50. N.
Pop. 6,313. It contains a gymnasium, and 12
Catholic churches, 2 monasteries, and 2 con
vents, and is surrounded with morasses, walls,
and towers.
KAlils Abu Meneggi, (an. Trajanus,) canal,
Egypt, from foe Nile to lake Sheib ; a branch
of it runs N. to lake Menzaleh.
Kalits ul Far, canal, Egypt, which forms a
communication between the W. branch of the
Nile and the E., joining the latter at Denutar.
KAlils ul Fors, or Canal ofMoez, canal, Egypt,
between the Nile and lake Menzaleh.
Kdlits il Menhi, or Bahr. Josef, canal, Egypt,
cut on W. side of the Nile, parallel with foe
river, from Tarut Escherif to Zaoie ; about 39
miles iri length.
Kalitva, X. Russia, in Voronez ; 60 SSE. Vo
ronez. Kalilvenskaia, X. Russia, country of the COs-
• acs, on the Donetz ; 104 NNE. Donetzsk.
Kalkally, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 20 E.
Nander. Kalka-pira, r. Chinese Tartary, which issues
from a mountain, called Suellci, or Siolki, about
130 W. Tcitcicar, and empties itself into lake
Coulou. It gives name to the nation of Tartars,
who possess an extensive country to the E. and
W. of this river.
Kalka-Targar, country, Chinese Tartary,
which contains one standard of Mongul Tar
tars. Lon. 110. 33. E. Lat. 41. 50. N.
Kalkam, X. Austria ; 7 W. Efferding.
Kalkas, a race of Mongols, inhabiting an ex
tensive tract of country N. of China, bordering
on Siberia.
Koike, one of foe Prince's islands in the sea
of Marmora; anciently called Chalcilis, from
its mines of copper, for which in the early ages
it was famous, but the mines are now totally
neglected. There' are on the island 3 large
Greek monasteries.
Kalkissee, X. Ceylon; 19 8. Columbo.
Kalkreut, X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 4 E. Gros-
sen Hayn.
Kalkoon, or Turkey Islands, cluster of small
islands in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 115. 45. E.
Lat. 6. 15. S.
Kail, X. Sweden, in Jamtland ; 42 NW. Oster-
sund. Kalla, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 23. 26. E. Lat. 64. 20. N.
Kallaghee, km. Africa, ENE. of Tombuctoo.

Kallatma, X. Egypt ; 15 N. Coseir.
Kallehauge, t. Denmark, in Zealand ; 8 E.
Wordingborg. Kallenborn, t. Ger., in Meiningen ; 3 S. Sal-
zungen. Kalleninken, X. Prussia, Smaland; 17 W.Tilsit.
Kallery, x. Sweden, iri Samland; 28 SSW.
Jonkioping. Kalkstein, X. Silesia, Neisse; 5S.Weydenau.
Kallodra, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 16 N- Surat.
Kallskar, small isl. in N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 23. 36. E. Lat. 65. 43. N.
Kallskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 43. E. Lat. 63. 56. N.
Kallskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 33. E. Lat. 63. 50. N.
Kallskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 28. E. Lat. 63. 26. N.
Kallviken, small isl. in N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 7. E. Lat. 64. 18. N.
Kalm, mt. Dalmatia ; 12 N. Ragusa.
Kalmiskova, fortress, Russia, on the Ural ;
108 N. Guriev.
Kalmoua, X. Pru. ; 12 SSE. Marggrabowa.
Kalmucs, see Calmucks.
Kalmunz, X. Bavaria, at the conflux of the
Vilz and the Nab ; 12 NNW. Ratisbon, 14 NE.
Dietfurt. Pop. 903.
Kalnick, X. Rus. Podolia ; 16 ENE. Braclaw.
Kalo, X. Hungary ; 21 SE. Tokay, 25 N. De
breczin. It is fortified.
Kalocza, see Colocza.
Kalodzicic, X. Rus. Minsk ; 18 N. Minsk.
Kalomba, X. on N. coast of the island of Cum-
bava. Lon. 118. E. Lat. 8. 9. S.
Kalouke, X. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119.
15. E. Lat. 2. 11. S.
Kalscharpovi, X. Russia, in Upha ; 28 SE. Bur-
guruslansk. Kalsching, X. Bohemia, Bechin ; 7 NW. Cru-
mau. H. 135.
Kalsoe, one of the Faroe islands.
Kalstorff, X. Stiria ; 8 S. Hardeberg.
Kallanpusuaclian, X. Thibet ; 22 E. Chan-
glassee. Kaltanskoi, X. Russia, Tobolsk, on the Tom ;
14 S. Tomsk.
Kaltebach, r. Silesia, in Wolau, which runs
into the Oder, 1 NE. Steinau.
Kalten Lengsfeld, X. Weimar; 11 NW. Mei
nungen. Kalten Nordheim, X. Weimar, on the Felder ;
7 NW. Meinungen, 22 N. Schweinfurt. Pop.
1,158. Kalten Sonlheim, or Sundheim, X. Weimar ; 7
W. Meinungen. Pop. 717.
Kalten Steinberg, X. Bavaria ; 6 ENE. Guzen-
hausen. Kalten Wertheim, t. Weimar; 12 WNW. Mei
nungen. Kaltenberg, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 20
N. Gitschin.
Kallenbrunn, t. Courland ; 24 SE. Seelburg.
Kaltenbrnnn, X. Bavaria; 12 NE. Sulzbach.
Kaltenslein, X. Bavaria ; 10 N. Passau.
KalthofiX. Prussia, near Konigsberg.
Kaltiou, r. Thibet, which passes by Lassa,
and runs into the Sanpoo.
Kaltnfiein, t. Silesia, Neisse ; 10 S. Neisse.
Kalua, t. Prussia ; 8 SE. Marienburg,

KAM

828

KAM

Kaluada, X. Arabian Irak, on foe Tigris ; 10
SSE. Bagdad.
Kalublub, small isl; in the E. Indian sea, near
SW. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 121. 32. E. Lat.
6. 46. N.
Kaluga, or Kalutskoe, gov., Russia, bounded
N. by Moscow, E. by Moscow and Tula, S. by
Orel, and W. by Smolensk. Lon. 35. 48. to 37.
62. E. Lat 61. to 54. 30. N. Sq. m.8.378. Pop.
880,000, all Russians of the Greek church. The
climate is temperate and healthy ; the soil tol
erably fertile ; producing corn, hemp, -flax, fac.
The rivers are the Occa, Upa, and Schisdra.
Kaluga, city, Russia, capital of a government,
called Kalutskoe, or Government of Kaluga ;
390 SE. Petersburg, 540 E. Warsaw. Lon. 36.
5. E. Lat. 54. 30. N. Pop. 17,078. H. 3,827. It
contains 25 churches, a convent and a high
school. It has some good public edifices, but
is generally ill built. It is situated on the Occa ;
is a place of considerable trade, and one ofthe
most populpus towns between Cherson and
Moscow. Kalukala, r. Africa, in Angola, which joins
the river Coanza, near its mouth.
Kalvola, X. Finland ; 12 NW. Tavasthus.
Kaluot, small isl. on E. side of Jthe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 39. E. Lat. 63. 21. N.
Kal us, X. Russia, in Podolia; 32 E. Kaminiec.
In the year 1672, the Tartars were defeated
near this place.
Kalutskoe, see Kaluga.
Kalwary, X. Russian Poland, in Augustow;
76 W. by S. Wilna. Pop. 2,700.
Kama, r. Russia, which rises near Kai, in Vi
atka, and runs into the Volga, 24 miles below
Kazan. It is a large navigable river, abounding
in fish.
Kama, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland ; 10 N. Suroe.
Kamak, (an. Camaches,) X. Turkish Armenia,
on the Euphrates ; 10 SSW. Arzingan.
Kamakura, X. Niphon in the gulf of Jedo.
Lon. 130. 40. E. Lat. 35. 10. N.
Kamakura, isl. Japan, near S. coast of Ni
phon, scarcely more than 3 mites in circumfer
ence. It is used as a state prison.
Kamaladan, bav on S. coast of Mindanao.
Lon. 121. E. Lat. 7. 21. N.
Kamalia, X. Africa, in Mandingo. Lon. 6. 25.
W. Lat. 12. 40. N. The inhabitants are partly
Mahometans, and partly Pagans. Here Mr.
Park, being ill of a fever, remained some time
under the hospitable care of one of the inhabi
tants. Kamalava, X. Persia, Chusistan ; 25 W. Tostar.
KamnMa, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Ni
ger ; 18 SW. Sego.
Kantian, fan, Cammanene,) t. A. Turkey, Car
amania ; 27 NW. Kaisarieh.
Roman, isl. in the Red sea. Lat. 27. 35. N.
Kaman, t. Walachia; 16 SW. Rusei.
Kamaris, t. Natolia ; 28 W. Artaki.
Kambala, mountains, Thibet, between lake
Jamdro and the Sanpoo river.
Kambamba, t. Africa, capital of a province of
the same name, in Angola, on the river Coan
za ; 180 miles SE. Loanda. The chief trade is
in slaves.
Kambele, t. Persia, in Mecran, on the sea
coast; 120 S. Kidge.

Kamberg, t. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 12 S. Be-
neschov. H. 64.
Kambors, X- Russia, in Perm, circle of Ossa,
on the Kama. Pop. 1,174.
Kameh, r. Asia, which rises in the Hindoo
Kho mountain, flows by the city of Cabul, and
runs into the Indus, near Attock ; it is some
times called Attock and Cabul. Its length, in
cluding its windings, maybe about 300 miles.
Kameh, pr. Cabulistan, W. of Cabul ; be
tween 34 and 35 degrees N. Lat. Chief town^
Adeenagur. Kameinai, X. Russia, Pskov ; 12 SE. Opogka.
Kameley, X. Africa, in Sennaar ; 60 S. Gerri.
Kamen, t. Poland ; 12 SE. Gnesna.
Kameni, or Megali-Cammeni, small isl. in the
Grecian Archipelago ; 3 W. Santorinj. Lon. 25.
24. E. Lat. 36. 30. N.
Kamenilz, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 24 E. Be
chin. Lon. 14.56.E. Lat. 49. 21. N. Pop. 1,157.
Kamenitz, X. Moravia, in Iglau ; 13 E. Iglau.
Pop. 1,155.
Kameniz, X. Bohemia, Konigingratz ; 5 ESE.
Gitschin. Kameniz, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 10 S.
Chrudim. Kamenka, t. Rus. Tobolsk ; 120 E. Eniseisk.
Kamenka, r. Russia, which runs into the Tun-
guska, Lon. 96. E. Lat. 58. 21. N.
Kamenka, r. Russia, which runs into the Le
na, near Derbinskoi.
Kamenz, see Camenz.
Kamenogorskaia, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan,
on the Irtisch ; 168 SSW. Biisk.
Kamenoi, t Russia, in Ochotsk, at N. part of
the Penzinskaia gulf; 16 S. Oklansk. Pop.
about 400.
Kamenschna, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 6
N. Geyersberg.
Kamenskaia, X. Russian Tartary, country of
the Cosacs, on the Donetz ; 112N. Azoph.
¦ Kamenskaia, fortress, Russia, in Saratov, on
the Volga ; 44 ESE. Tzaritzin.
Kamenskoi, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe ; 124
SE. Kola.
Kamenskoi, or Kamensk, X. Russia, in Ekate
rinburg, on the Iset; 40 SE. Ekaterinburg.
Pop. 2,000.
Kamer, X. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 3 S. Nimes.
Kamerdn, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast
of Arabia, governed by a dola, under the dola
of Loheia. Lon. 42. 25. E. Lat. 15. 6. N. The
soil is fertile, and there is a good habour, where
vessels call for refreshments in their voyage
from the Indies to Jidda.
Kamerie, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 48 S. Saade.
Kamerina, t. Rus. Kiev ; 12 SE. Czyrkasy.
Kameritz, X. Bohemia, Bechin ; 16 N. Fistritz.
Kameryk, X. Holland ; 7 W. Utrecht.
Kami, t. Japan, in Niphon ; 20 ENE. Jedo.
Kamiaba, X. Africa, in Mandingo. Lon.-6. 15.
W. Lat. 12. 32. N.
Kamiamaconda, X. Africa, in Jemarrow. Lat.
12. 48. N.
Kamien, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 34 N. Lucko.
Kamien, t. Rus. Wilna ; 64 E. Lida.
Kamieniec, X. Rus. Grodno ; 16 NNE. Brzesc.
Kamienlschik, X. Poland; 36 ENE. Warsaw.
Kamifsheler, X. Circassia, on the coast of the
Black sea ; 8 ESE. Mamak.

KAM

829

KAM

Kaminecze, X. Rus. Kiev ; 6NW. Bialacerkiew.
Kaminiec, -or Kamenez, X. Russian Poland,
capital of Podolia ; 100 W. Braclaw, 120 SE.
Lemberg. Lon. 27. 1. E. Lat. 48. 41. N. Pop.
6,658. Churches 11. It has a castle built on a
rock, but it is more indebted to nature than art
for its strength. However, it is one of the best
fortifications in Poland. A little below it runs
the river Smetricz, which falls into the Dnies
ter. A Popish and an Armenian bishop, and a
castelan, reside in this city ; and a court of jus
tice and provincial diet are also held here.
Here is also a college, which formerly belong
ed to the Jesuits. The whole province is some
times called Kaminiec.
Kamionka, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 48 NNE.
Zytomiers. Kamir, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 60 ESE. Lar.
Kameschevka, r. Russia, which joins the Der-
kul, 16 S. Bielovodsk.
Kamischinsk, X. Russia, in Saratov, on the
Volga ; 80 S. Saratov. Lon. 45. 24. E. Lat. 50.
5. N. Pop. 2,172.
Kamitnicza, X. Rus. Podolia, near the Dnies
ter ; 54 S. Braclaw.
Kamitz, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 2 SW. Patschkau.
Kamitski, X. Japan, Ximo ; 28 ESE. Kokura.
KomtocA, v. Bavaria; 4 W. Mindelheim. Here
the royalists, under the prince of Conde, were
defeated by the republicans in August 1796.
Kamlach, r. Swabia, which joins the Mindel,
2 NNW. Burgau.
Kamagoja, t. Africa, in Quoja.
Kammah, X. Asia, capital of a district in Bir
mah, on foe Irrawaddy ; 15 N. Prome. It has
a large trade in teak timber, conveyed from
hence to Rangoon.
Kammerstocfe, mt. Switz., between the can
tons of Grisons and Glaris ; 7,000 feet high.
Kammerswalda, or Cammerswalda, X. Saxony,
in Erzgebirg ; 15 SSE. Freyberg.
Kamne, see Stein.
Kamnig, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 8 NNE. Patsch
kau. Kamnik, X. Croatia ; 6 N. Creutz.
Kamnika Kiamen, post, Chinese Tartary ; 30
S. Merguen.
Kamnitz, or Chemnitz, t. Bohemia, in Leitme
ritz; 21 NNE. Leitmeritz, 30 SE. Dresden.
Lon. 14. 32. E. Lat. 50. 47. N. Pop. 2,176. The
manufacture of stockings ,. forms the principal
trade of the place.
Kamnitzbach, r. Bohemia, which runs into the
Elbe, 7 S. Tetschen.
Kama, X. Japan, on S. coast of the island of
Sado. Kamoeter, small island, in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 132. 5. E. Lat. 6. 30. S.
Kamosebroick, t. Prussia, in Samland, on the
bank of the Pregel, opposite to Insterburg.
Kamouraska, X. Canada, on the right bank of
the St. Lawrence, 90 ENE. Quebec. Lon. 69.
40. W. Lat. 47. 33. N. The salt water com
mences near this place. The village is pleas
antly situated and is considerably visited for
sea-bathing. Kampl, see Cham.
Kamp, t. Austria, which rises on the borders
of Bohemia, 8 W. Westra, and runs into foe
Zwetl, at Zwetl.

Kamschevska, t. Russia, in Ekaterinburg, on
the Iset ; 52 SE. Ekaterinburg.
Kamschlov, X. Russia, in Ekaterinburg ; 56 E.
Ekaterinburg. Kamlchatka, r. Russia, which runs into the N.
Pacific ocean, 20 S. Niznei Kamtchatskoi.
Kamtchatskoi, cape, Russia,, on E. coast of
Kamtchatka ; 40 E. Niznei Kamtchatskoi.
Kamischalka, or Kamtchatka, large peninsula,
Asia, forming a part of the Russian government
of Irkutsk, and district of Ochotsk, to which it
is joined at the northern extremity, It is bound
ed E. and S. by the N. Pacific ocean, W. by foe
sea of Ochotsk and the Penzinskoe gulf. It is
upwards of 600 miles long, and from 30 to 360
broad. Lat 51. to 62. N. A chain of lofty
mountains passes through the whole peninsula ;
several of them are volcanic, one situated near
Niznei Kamtschatskoi, is so high that it is said
it may be seen nearly 200 miles, and is liable
to frequent eruptions. The climate is exceed
ingly cold, as severe as that of an artic region ;
and is rendered disagreeable by perpetual fogs.
There are scarcely 3 months of imperfect sum
mer. The soil is lean and stony, producing
scarcely any grain. Animals, producing for, are
abundant, particularly the sable; also several
kinds of foxes ; the beaver, hare, marmot, fac.
The most formidable animal is the bear. The
coasts and rivers, swarm to a most extraordi
nary degree, with fish, which is the chief article
of food of the inhabitants. There are several
species of trees ; as birch, willow, dwarf pines,
cedars, fac, generally of small size.
The Kamtschaldales are below the common
stature ; have broad shoulders and a large bead;
a face, especially foe nose, long and flat; eyes
small and sunk ; thin lips, scarcely any beard,
and short legs. They are mild and hospitable,
but indolent and excessively filthy in their hab
its. They live chiefly upon fish, and make
much use of dogs for the purpose of labour and
draught. Like all savage nations coming in
contact with civilized, they have suffered great
ly by foe connexion ; particularly by the intro
duction of ardent spirits. They were at first
estimated at 15,000 ; but by the last census at
only 2,843. The Cosacs and Russian soldiers
amount to 300. The trade is carried on from
Irkutsk by way of Ochotsk. The exports con
sist only of furs to the amount of from 50, to
100,000 rubles. Kamtschatka is divided into 4
districts, Bolscheretsk, Tiguilok, Niznei Kamt-
schatkoi, and Verchnei Kamtschatkoi.
Kamtschatskoi, (Niznei, or Lower,) t. Russia,
capital of Kamtschatka, on E. side of foe penin
sula, about 20 miles from the river Kariflfecbatka;
142 ESE. Ochotsk. Lon. 160. 14. E. Lat. 56.
40. N. It contains 2 churches, and about 150
houses. It has a citadel with magazines, an
arsenal, guard-house, and barracks.
Kamtschatskoi] (Verchnei, or Upper,) X. Russia,
in Kamtschatka; 60 NNE.Bolcheretzkoi. Lon.
157. 39. E. Lat. 53. 50. N. It is governed by a
Serjeant, and contains about 100 houses.
Kamyck, X. Bohemia, in Beraun ; 7 SE. Przi-
bram. Kamyschin, X. Russia, Saratov, on the Volga ;
90 S. Saratov.
Kaniyschlowa, X. Russia, in Perm, on the

KAN

S30

KAN

Fischma. Lon. 61. 20 E. Lat. 56. 50. N. Pop.
2,066. Kan, r. Russia, which runs into foe Enisei,
near Balchutzko, in Kolivan.
Kan, X. China of the 3d rank, Chensi ; 720
W. Peking. Lon. 100. 29. E. Lat. 39. 1. N.
Kan, >-. China, which rises in S. part of
Kiang-si, and runs into the lake Po-yang, 20 N.
Tchang. Kana, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas : 40 ESE. Hajar.
Kanaap, X. Hind., Bahar; 47 SSW. Patna.
Kanadei, X. Russia, Simbirsk ; 72 SSW. Sim
birsk. Pop. 1,804.
Kanahoody, X. Persia, Cohestan ; 100 WSW.
Nisabur. Kanakapakam, X. Hind., Baramaul ; 11 NE.
Sankeridurgam. Kanaki, small isl. in the gulf of Engia, near
W. coast of Coluri.
Konambaddy, X. Hind., in Mysore ; 8 W. Ser
ingapatam. Kanan, X. Africa, in Cayor, near the Atlantic.
Lon. 15. 55. W. Lat. 16. 40. N.
Kananikolskoi, X. Russia, in Upha ; 52 SSW.
Sterlitamatzk. Kanar, large lake or expansion of the river
Dewah, in Kemaoon ; 20 S. Doulou Bassendar.
Kan-aradmerd, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 90 S.
Schiras. Kanarna, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria; 22
NE. Varna.
Kanary, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, sur
rounded by a number of islets, which take gen
erally the name of Kanary. Lon. 129. 54. E.
Lat. 1. 44. S.
Kanas, or Kangds, X. Turkish Armenia ; 60
SE. Erzerum.
Kanawha, see Kenahwa.
Kanazava, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 130 NE.
Meaco, 186 NW. Jedo.
Kankaba, X. Africa, in Mandingo, on the Ni
ger; a mart for slaves ; 16 SE. Kamalia.
Kanda, X. Japan, Xicoco ; 16 SE. Ovutsi.
Kanda, t. Congo ; 30 NE. St. Salvador.
Kontabaga, mountains, which form part of the
boundary between Russia and Chinese Tartary,
a part ofthe grand chain W. of the river Oka.
Kandabil, t Persia, in Mecran ; 285 S. Can
dahar. Lon. 67. 20. E. Lat. 28 28. N.
Kandal, ton N. coast of Java. Lon. 110. 18.
E. Lat. 6. 48. S.
Kandal, X. Abyssinia, near the coast of the
Red sea. Lon. 41. 15. E. Lat. 14. 30. S.
Kandalaks, X. Russia, in Archangclskoe, on N.
coast of the White sea ; 140 SSE. Kola.
Kandmheri, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 50 SW.
Nellore, 70 NW. Madras. Lon. 79. 24. E. Lat.
13. 46. N. In 1599, this town was the capital
of a kingdom, called Narsinga, the residence of
a Hindoo king, whose dominions extended over
Tanjore and Madura.
Kanilecl; X. Natolia ; 48 E. Ismid, 55 W.Boli.
Knndcl, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine; 6 N.
Lauterburg, 7 SSE. Landau.
Kander, r. which rises in the margravate of
Baden, and runs into the Rhine, 10 miles below
BfUe. Kander, or Kandel, r. Switz., which runs into
lake Tbun, by a canal made between Thun and
Spittz.

Kanderi, t. Natolia ; 24 NE. Ismid.
Kane See, lake, Prussia, near Bischburg.
Kaneking, X. Arabian Irak ; 23 NNE. Shehr-
ban. Kanem, X. Africa, in Bornou; 125 N. Bornou.
Lon. 21. 40. E. Lat. 32. N. According to Hadji
Hamet, it is 7 days' journey E. Bornou, and
about the size of Tunis.
Kanenvish Indians, Louisiana, on the Platte.
Lon. 105. W. No. 1,800.
Kanepour, X. Candahar, on the Attock; 60 N.
Attock. Kanga, s-p. Africa, in Loango, situated in a
sandy bay of the Atlantic, where vessels may
ride anchor, within musket-shot of the shore, in
4 or 5 fathoms water.
Kangaanpaa, X. Finland ; 27 NE. Biorneborg.
Kangani, X. Mysore ; 25 W. Tademeri.
Kangasak, X. West Greenland. Lon. 48. W.
Lat. 62. N.
Kangasala, X, Finland ; 30 NNW. Tavasthus.
Kangasneims, X. Finland ; 85 NE. Tavasthus.
Kang-chan, X. Corea ; 16 SW. Kang-tcheou.
Kangee, X. Kasson ; 33 SE. Kooniakary.
Kangelang, isl. in the Indian sea, of an irreg
ular form, about 24 miles from E. to W. ; on S.
coast, it is greatly indented with 2 or 3 consid
erable bays, so that from N. to S. it is, where
widest, 16 miles, but in the narrowest parts
hardly 4. Lon. 115. 44. E, Lat. 6. 37. S.
Kangik, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Black sea, in Romania,
Kangis, X. West Bothnia ; 80 N. Tornea.
Kangoon,X. Pegu,onthe Ava; ION. Lundsey.
Kangrah, or Catochin, district, Hind., in La
hore ; SW. of the Himmaleh mountains. Chief
town, Nadore.
Kang-tcheou, X. Corea, Kinchan ; 170 SE.
Peking. Lon. 128. 49. E. Lat. 35. 46. N.
Kang-tchin, X. Corea ; 48 SSW.Koang-tcheou.
Kanhar, r. Hind., which runs into the Bain
Gonga, 60 E. Nagpour.
Kanhawa, see Kenahwa.
Kan-hia-tchin, X. China, in Quang-tong ; 62
SE. Hoei-tcheou.
Kanja, or Yansha, or Yanja, X. Persian Ar
menia, on a small river, which runs into the
Kur ; 75 WSW. Scamachie, 150 ENE. Erivan.
Kanjee, X. Hind., Berar ; 20 N. Notchegong.
Kanika, X. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger ;
100 SW. Sego.
Kaniow, t. Russia, Kiev, on the Dnieper ; 56
E. Bialacerkiew. It is remarkable for an inter
view, in 1787, between foe empress of Russia
and the late king of Poland.
Kaniss, t. Africa, in Nubia, on W. side of the
Nile ; 25 E. Dongola.
Kanitz; X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 10 SW. Brunn.
Lon. 16. 21. E. Lat. 49. 4. N.
Kanjunes,' or Kan-jonnesse, v. Palestine; 6S.
Gaza. Kankad, X. Africa, in Woolly.
Kankanan, t. Hind., Lahore ; 12 SE. Lahore.
Kankaru, X. Africa, in Mandingo. Lon. 5. 45.
W. Lat. 12. 20. N.
Kankerara, X, Hind., Kottah; 32 W. Kottah.
Kanky Laby, X. Africa, in Foota. Lon. 10. 5.
W. Lat. 10. 55. N.
Kannaka, X. Hind., in Cattack, at the mouth
of the river Bramnee, 15 NW. Point Palmiras ;
60 ENE. Cattack.

KAO

831

KAR

Kanncoongan Point, cape on E. coast of Bor
tieo! Lon. 119. E. Lat. 1. 3.N.
Kanneeah, X. Hind., Sumbul ; 15 N. Nidjeba-
bad. Kan-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, on W.
coast of Hainan ; 62 SW, Tchen.
Kannien, t. Pru.', Oberland ; 9 NE. Soldau.
Kannolin, X. Syria, in Tripoli, the capital of
foe Maronites, with a monastery, situated on a
steep rock, where resides their patriarch.
Kannya, X. Hind., Rohilcund ; 35 S. Bereilly.
Kanooarah, X. Hind., in Goondwanah ; 75
NNE. Nagpour! .
Kanoon, X. fa fortress, Hind., in Mewat ; 70
SW. Delhi. Lon. 76. 30. E. Lat. 28. 3. N.
Kanovs, see Kanas.
Kanowly, X. Hind., in Visiapour ; 22 ESE.
Poonah. Kansa, X. Napaul ; 35 NNE. Nogarcot.
Kansaki, X. Japan, Niphon ; 28 SW. Meaco.
Kansaki, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 15 SW. Ikua.
Kansas, or Kanzas, or Kanses, r. N. A., which
rises in the Rocky mountains, and after an east
erly course of upwards of 1,200 miles, unites
with the Missouri, 340 miles from the Missis
sippi, in Lon. 94. 20. W. Lat. 38. 31.N. It is
340 yards wide at its mouth.
Kansas Indians, N. A., on the Kansas. No.
1,200. Kan-siwen,t. China, ofthe third rank, in Chen3
si, on the river Lo ; 17 S. Yen-ngan.
Kanskoi, X. Rus., Kolivan, on the Kan, with
considerable trade in furs ; 140 E. Krasnoiarsk.
Kanson, isl. in the Red sea, about 20 m. long,
and from 2 to 3 broad. Lon. 42. 40. E. Lat. 16.
44. N.
Kanszili, X. Bessarabia ; 28 S. Bender.
Kant, see Canth.
Kan-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-si ; 840 S. Peking. Lon. 114. 30. E. Lat.
25. 52. N. This is a city of great resort ; it is
situated on the river, from which it has its name,
although it receives another in this place, which
they call Tchang-ho. The jurisdiction of this
city extends a great way, for it containstwelve
towns of the third order ; its soil produces a
great many of the trees, from which varnish
distils, and this varnish is reckoned the best in
China. Kantera, (El J t. Tunis ; 14 N. Tunis.
Kanto, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 140 W. Meaco.
Kantor, country, Africa, on south side of the
Gambia, with a capital of the same name.
Kanwarah, X. Hind., Gurrah ; 30 S. Mahur.
Kao, one of the Friendly Islands, in the S.
Pacific ocean, called also Aghao, or Ogliao, and
Kaybay. Lon. 184. 58. N. Lat. 19. 42. S.
Kao-chan, small isl. in the Chinese sea, and
the most westerly of those called Mi-a-tau ; 18
NW. Teng-tcheou.
Kao-lin, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Chensi ;
25 S. Yao.
Kaoeming, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-tong ; 17 SE. Tchao-king.
Kao-ping, X. China, of the third rank, in'Chan-
si; 20 S. Lou-ngan.
Kao-tcheou, city, China, of the. first rank, in
Quang-tong; 1,130 SSW. Peking. Lon. .110. 4.
E. Lat. 21.40. N. It is situated on a river,
about 36 miles from the sea. The tide flows,

and ebbs as far as this town, so that the Chinese
barks go up to it ; the country is very fruitful.
This city has within its district 1 city of the
second order, and 5 of the third.
Kao-tching, t. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan, on the river Ho-ang; 25 NW. Koue-te.
Kao-tchuen, t. Corea ; 104 NE. King-ki-tao.
Kao-yeou, city, China, of the second rank, in
Kiang-nan ; 460 SSE. Peking. Lon. 118. 56.E.
Lat. 32. 48. N.
Kapaw, X. Borneo, near E. coast; 100 ESE.
Negara. Kapackow, X. Russia, in Kiev ; 4 NNE. Biala-
cerkiew. Kapar, X. Prussia ; 10 W. Konigsberg.
Kapellendorf or Capellendorf X. Ger.,inWei-
mar ; 6 E. Weimar.
Kapendritti, (an. TrisorythusJ X. Greece, in
N. part of Attica, not far from Marathon.
Kapfenbergen, X. Stiria ; ' 2 NNE. Pruck.
H.90." Kapfcnslein, X. Stiria; lON.Rackesburg.
Kaplanik, t. Macedonia ; 60 NE. Akrida.
Kaplitz, X. Bohemia, on the Malsch ; 9 SE.
Crumau. Pop. 1,400.
Kapnik Banya, see Nagy Banja.
Kaplitz, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 9 SE. Cru
mau. Pop. 1,370.
Kapos, t. Hungary; 12 SW. Szeregnye.
Kapos, r. Hungary, which runs into foe Dan
ube, 6 miles from Mohacz.
Kaposvar, X. fa castle, Hungary, capital of
Schumeg; 12 W. Altenburg. Lon. 17. 51. E.
Lat. 46. 30. N. Pop. 2,324. This place was
formerly very strong. It is now much reduced.
Kappel, or Windisch Kappel, X. Aust. Carin
thia; IS SE. Clagenfurt. Near it are quicksilver
mines. Kaprian, t. Moldavia ; 60 E. Jassy.
Kapsdorf X. Hungary ; 26 NNW, Cassovia,60
WNW. Ungvar. Pop. 877.
Kaptero, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, near E.
coast, 8 miles long, and 2 broad ; 2 W. Wasa.
Kapustiniecz, t. Rus. Podolia ; 80 NW. Brac
law. Kapustinoi, X. Rus. Kiev; 16 SE. Czyrkasy.
Kar, X. Persia, in Irak ; 156 N. Ispahan.
Kara, X. Syria ; E. of Tripoli. It contains
about 1 ,000 families.
Kara, r. Russia, which runs into the Karskoi
sea, at Karskoi.
Kara, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 60 SW. Gogo.
Kara, t. Hind., in Berar; 8 N. Chanda.
Kara Agatz, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 6 S.
Adrianople. Kara-bagar, t. Natolia ; 24 S. Milets.
Karabagh,\. e. the Black Garden, mountainous
province of Georgia, S. of river Aras.
Karabas, mt. Grand Bukharia ; 50 NW. Sa
marcand. Karabas, X. Persia, Irak ; 70 SSW. Hamadan.
Karabasar, X. Russia, in Tauris ; 35 NE.Bacca
Serai. Karabazari, X. Natolia ; 20 W. Kiangari:
Karabeisheh, X. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the
coast of the Caspian sea ; 60 E. Fehrabad.
Kara-bignar,X. Caramania; 20 S. Akserai. j.
Karabiow, X. Rus. Podolia ; 12 N. Kaminiec
Karaboa, X. Natolia ; 24 W. Artaki.
Karabogas, pay, on E. side of the Caspian sea -

KAR

832

KAR

40 miles long, and 25 broad ; the water from
Which is exceedingly bitter. Lon.54.44.E. Lat.
41. 45. N.
Karaboalaki, X. Georgia, in Carduel; 45 S.
Gori. Karabunar, X. Caramania ; 40 E. Cogni.
Kara Burun, (an. Melana-atrdJ cape, on W.
toast of Natolia. Lon. 26. 15. E. Lat. 38. 44. N.
Karac, t. Arabia Petraea, on the Safia; 90 S.
Jerusalem. Lon. 35. 45. E. Lat. 30. 44. N.
Karacal, or Caracalla, X. Walachia ; 12 NNW.
Nicopoli, 60 SW. Bucharest.
Karacar, v. Arabia, in which is a spring of
fresh water, in Nedsjed ; 150 NE. Hajar.
KaracMs, t Persian Armenia ; 22 ESE. Eri
van. Karadera, X. Diarbekir ; 10 SSE. Merdin.
Kdradgeh su, r. Asia, which runs into the Ti
gris, at Diarbekir.
Karadgia Daghi, (an. Masius,) mt. A.Turkey,
S. Diarbekir.
Karadjehlar, X. Natolia ; 36 SW. Castamena.
Karadjuk, X. Natolia ; 20 SE. Degnizlu.
Karadro, X. Caramania ; 50 WSW. Selefke.
Karadshela, X. Natolia; 40 N. Angura.
Karadjeviran, X. Natolia; 32 NW. Kiangari.
Karaevian, X. Russia, Perm ; 64 SSW. Ekate-
rinograd. Karagan, mt. Persia, in Irak ; 30 S. Sultania.
Karagilar, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 40W.
Burgas. Pop. about 7,000.
Karaginskoi, isl. in the North Pacific, near
NE. coast of Kamtschatka, about 80 miles in
circumference. Lon. 162. 14. E. Lat. 59. N.
Karagode, X. Ceylon ; 86 S. Candi.
Karagol, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the
Euphrates; 18E.Nausa.
Karagol, t. Grand Bukharia, on a lake; 24
SW. Bukhara.
Karah, X. Arabia, Nedsjed ; 300 E. Mecca.
Kavahaum, X. Bengal ; 13 NW. Toree.
Karahissar, (an. PergaJ X. A. Turkey, in Ca
ramania ; 30 S. Yurcup.
Kara-hissar, see Aphiom Kara-hissar.
Kara-hotun, t. Tartary, in Monguls ; 120 NW.
Peking. Lon. 121. 53. E. Lat. 41. 16. N.
Korois, t. Finland ; 35 NNW. Nyslot.
. Karak, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lat, 29. 14. N.
Sq. m. 12. Pop. 3, or 400. The best pilots for
Bassorah are procured here.
Karakaji, X. Georgia, Kaket ; 80 SE. Teflis.
Karkakooa Bay, bay on W. coast of Owyhee,
one of the Sandwich islands. Lon. 204. E. Lat.
19. 28. N.
Karakan, X. Curdistan ; 10 SW. Betlis.
Karakechis, X. Persian Armenia ; 48 NE. Eri
van. Karakerman, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 36
SSE. Ismail, ton. 29. 58. E. Lat. 44. 45. N. It
is a large village with a considerable export of
corn. Karakita, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, be
longing to the king of Ternate. Lon. 125.24.E.
Lat. 3. 6. N.
Koraku, X. Tartary, near Otrar, celebrated for
a great battle, fought, in 1218, between Mo
hammed and Jenghiz Khan.
Karakurody, ' X. Persia, in Schirvan ; 20 S.
Scamachie. Karalanska, X. Russia, in Irktttskoi, on the
Tunguska; 72NW.Ilimsk.

Kar'aicijuhgd, t. Africa, in Kaarta. Lon. 6. 20.
W. Lat. 14. 20. N.
Karalukala, X. Turkish Armenia, in Erzerum ;
20 E. Erzerum.
Karaman, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 44
NNW. Ternova, 35 ESE. Nicopoli.
Karaman, see Caramon.
Karameischevo, X. Russia, Tver ; 78 N. Tver.
Karamil, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 30 ESE.
Macri, 33 WSW. Satalia.
Karamusal, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on a bay
of foe sea of Marmora ; 36 NNE. Bursa.
Koran, X. Africa, in Benin, where there is a
manufacture of fine cloth.
Karangutdh, mt. Little Bukharia; 70 SW.
Hotum. Karankatia, X. Kaarta ; 10 W. Kemmoo.
Karansebes, X. Hungary, on foe Temis ; 38
ESE. Temiswar, 38 N. Orsova. Pop. 2,023.
Karasbag, X. Persian Armenia ; 174 ESE.Eri-
van. Karasilza, r. Sclavohia, which runs into the
Drave, 12 NW. Eszek.
Karasm, see Charasm.
Karass, Tartar village, in foe Russian govern
ment of Caucasus, between the Black and Cas
pian seas, nearly equi-distarit from each ; about
500 SW. Astrachan. This place has been occu
pied as a station, since 1803, by the Scotch
Missionary society, who have two missionaries
here. They have formed a school, in which
the pupils are taught the Turkish and English
languages ; and they have translated and circu
lated the New Testament and various religious
tracts. The Russian government has granted a
tract of land to the mission, and annexed to
the grant important privileges.
Karasu, or Mesto, (an. Mestus, or Nestus.) i.
Eu.Turkey, which empties itself into the jEgean
sea, 10 E. Cavala, in Romania.
Karasu Avogli, X. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 6
NW. Tabris.
Karasu, X. Caramania ; 100 SE. Yurcup.
Karasu, or Kerah, or Haweeza, (an. Eulaus
and UlaiJ r. Persia, which rises from Curdis
tan, flows through Chusistan, passing by foe
ruins of Shus and the town of Ahuazi, joins the
Shut-el-Arab, 20 miles below Corna. Length
about 400 miles.
Karasu, or Koremoz, (an. MelasJ r. A.Turkey,
Which rises near Kaisarich, in Caramania, and
ruhs into the Euphrates, near Ilija.
Kai-asubazar, X. Eu. Russia, in the Crimea ; 36
NE. Bakhlshisarai. Pop. 2,500. It has manu
factures and trade in leather and saltpetre.
Kurdsza, r. Hungary, which runs into the
Danube, atVipalanka.
Karat, X. Arabia, in Oman ; 190 SW. Mascat.
Kardtchin, Russian Ostrog, in Kamtchatka ;
50 miles from Bolcheretskoi.
Kdralschew, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, on the
Seeschat ; 50 W. by N. Orel. Pop. 600.
Karatope, t. Chinese Tartary, in Hami ; 30
W. Hami.
Karatshuk, rat. Turkestan ; NE. of Taraz.
Karat Sirim, X. Curdistan ; 40 SE. Kerkuk.
Karaluin, t. Persia, in Irak ; 40 NE. Neha-
vehd. Kdraulnoi, X. Russia, in Kolivan, Oh the Eni
sei ; 60 S. Krasnoiarsk.

KAR

833

KAR

KdravUn, f. Hind., Dooab ; 40 W. Patflary.
Karbening, X. Sweden, in Westmanland ; 30
N. Stroemsholm.
, i Karby, X. Sweden', W. Bothnia ; 20 N. Lulea.
Karcara, X. Persia, Segestan ; 70 NW. Zareng.
Karcke, r. Prussia, which runs into the Ku-
risch Haff, 8 SSW. Russ.
Karcoja, X. Persia, Segestan ; 21 NW. Zareng.
Karczew, X. POIand ; 16' SW. Czersk. H. 48.
Karddnah, (an. BelusJ r. Palestine, which
runs into the Mediterranean, about 8 S. Acre.
The sand of this river has long been celebrated
for foe manufacture of glass.
Kardszdg, X. Hungary, capital of the county
Of Great Rumania ; 43 N. by W. Bakes. Pop.
8,436. H. 1,428. Chh. 3. It is noted for melons
and tortoises.
Karduh, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 56 N. Mastih.
Kardygdut, X. Hind., in Sehaurunpour ; 10 N.
Sahaurunpour. Kar'edjuk, X. Natolia ; 20 SSW. Degnizlu.
Kareh; t. Persia, Segestan ; 30 S. Pusheng.
Karek, X. Persia, in Laristan ; 42 S. Lar.
Karek, or Garak, or Charedsch, small isl. in
the Persian gulf, about 5 miles in length, and 3
m breadth. Vessels sailing to Bassora generally
call at this island for a pilot. Lon. 50. 26. E.
Lat. 29. 15. N.
Karendar, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 210 N. Herat.
Karepos, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe ; 60 NE.
Archangel. Karevon, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 35 NE. Pasa.
Karezin, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 60 SE. Ben
der Rigk.
KArgala, X. Russia, in Orenburg, on the Sak-
mara. Pop. 2,000 ; chiefly of Tartar descent.
Karkaldzin, lake, Russian Tartaiy, 60 miles
in circ. ; 340 S. Orenburg.
Kagalinka, fortress, Russia,on the Malwa; 20
W. Kizliar.
Karge, X. Pru. Poland ; 49 SW. Posen. Pop.
1,717. Kargherd, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 16 NW.
Fusheng. Kargheron, t. Persia, Ghilan ; 60 NN W . Reshd.
Karghi, X. Natolia ; 27 NE. Kiangari.
Karginigi, X. Russia, Olonetz ; 32 W. Vitegra.
Kargo, pr. Africa, in Loango, which contains
some mines of excellent copper.
Kargopol, t. Russia, in Olonetz, on the Onega ;
196 E. Olonetz. Lon. 35. 50. E. Lat. 61. 30. N.
S' Pop. 3,032. H. 529. Chh. 26. Convents 2.
Kariadeh, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the gulf
bf Smyrna ; 18 W. Smyrna.
Karjala, t. Finland, in Abo ; 23 N. Abo.
Kariatain, (an. Kirjatharimj X. Arabia, Neds
jed ; 150 WSW. Jamama, 300 E. Medina.
Karialein, X. Syria ; 60 SW. Palmyra.
Karibazari, X. Natolia ; 18 W. Kiangari.
Karijusjuk, or Sarasu, r. Tartary, which runs
into the Sir, in Charasm.
Karikal, or Carical, X. Hind., belonging to
France, on the coast, in Tanjore, on one of
the branches ofthe Cauvery; 6 S. Tranquebar,
12 N. Negapatam. Lon. 79. 54.E. Lat. 10.55.N.
Pop. 15,000. It contains 5 mosques and 15
pagodas, and has manufactures of calicoes and
chintzes. The territory around this place is
very fertile, and there are extensive salt works
irr*tlie vicinity.
Karinais,X. Finland, in Abo ; 20 NE. Abo.
Vol. I. 105

Karinkula;X. Africa, in Bambouk. L6ri'.9. 50.
W. Lat 13. 36. N.
Karinin, t. Persia', in Chorasan ; 30 S. Meru
Shahigien. Karis, t. Finland ; 10 NNE. Eknas.
Kdrislojo, X. Finland ; 16 NNE. Ekrias.
Karin, X. Persia, in Irak ; 15 S. Cashan.
Kark, (an. CarchaJ X. Arabian Irak, ori the
Tigris; 80 NNW. Bagdad.
' Kafka, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 30 S. Tocat.
Karkar, mt. Africa, in Algiers ; 30 S. Oran'.
Karkarlang, small isl. in the Pacific oc^an,
belonging to a cluster called Meanges. Lon.l2&
59. E. Lat. 4. 45. N.
Karkel, X. Pra. Lithuania ; 8 S. Russ.
Karki, (an. ChalciaJ island in the Mediterra
nean ; 6 W. Rhodes. Lon. 27. 19. E. Lat. 37.
25. N.
Karkola, X. Finland ; 27 E. Tavasthus.
Korku, X. N. Finland ; 35 SE. Biorneborg.
Karlanda, X. Sweden, Warmeland ; 42 WNW.
Carlstadt. Karleby, r. Finland, which runs ihto the gulf
of Finland, 2 NE. Gamla Karleby.
Karleby, (ElfsJ t. Sweden, in Upland, on the
Dalef ; 14 SE. Gefle. Lon. 16. 45. E. Lat. 60.
35. N. Near it is a famous cataract.
Karleby, (Gamla,) s-p. Finland, in E. Both
nia, with a good harbour; 60 SW. Cajana.
Lon. 23. 1. E. Lat. 63. 50. N. The principal
trade is in hemp, salt, and ship-building.
Karleby, (Nyj X. Finland, ih East Bothnia,
on the Lappojock ; 5 miles frorri the sea ; 70
SW. Cajana. Lon. 22. 26. E. Lat, 63. 32. N.
Karlich,X. France, Moselle; 4 NW. Coblentz.
Karlovitz, see Carlovilz.
Karlsburg; see Carlsburg.
Karlsthalerbad, or Schlangenbad, X. Nassau ;
10 SE. Nastede, 12 NW. Mentz\
Karlutzka, X. Russia, Irkutskoi ; 8 E. Niznei
CJdinsk. Karm, isl. in the North sea, about 12 miles
long, and 2 wide, near the coast of Norway.
Lon. 5. 32. E. Lat. 59. 17. N.
Karm el Arab, X. Egypt, on the left bank of
the Nile ; 10 S. Benisuef.
Karmelis, X. Curdistan ; 12 E. Mosul.
Karmile, r. A. Turkey, which rises ih E. part
of Sivas, and afterwards changes its name to1
Termich. Karmin, X. Persia, Segestan ; 25 NE. Zareng.
KarmOe, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat. 59. 10. N.
Karmsund, strait of the North sea, between-
the island of Carmen and the coast of Norway.
Karmuk, X. Curdistan, on W. side of lake
Van ; 22 NNE. Betlis.
Karn-al-Manzil, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas; 50
SSE. Mecca.
Karnubrun, X. Austria ; 9 N. Korn Neuburg.
Karnac, v. Egypt, on E. side of the Nile, sup
posed by some to be on thejsite of the ancient
Memphis'; 20 WSW. Kous.
Karnawl, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 10 W. Maisey.
Karne, X. Africa, in Bornou.
Karnicar, X. Grand Bukharia ; 20 NE. Termed.
Karninlzki, X, Prussia ; 12 NNE. Ortelsburg.1
Karnowl, X. Hind., in Bahar; 38 NNW. Hajy
pour. Lon. 85. 11. E. Lat 26. 17. N.
Karolou Kola, X. Turkish Armenia ; 42 E.
Erzerum.

KAR

834

KAS

Karop, X. Russia, in Novgorod Sieverskoi ;
28 S. Novgorod Sieverskoi.
Karos, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 6 m.
in circ. ; 6 SE. Naxia. Lon. 25. 39. E. Lat. 36.
53. N.
Karotta, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, be
longing to the cluster called Meanges. Lon. 126.
60. E. Lat. 5. N.
Karouli, X. Bessarabia ; 68 SW. Bender.
Karpfen, or Korpona, or Krupina, mining
town, Hungary, in Sohl ; 28 NNE. Gran ; 96
E. Vienna. Pop. 2,926. It contains 2 churches,
1 Catholic and 1 Lutheran, a gymnasium, and
a college. Karpilax, X. Finland ; 14 NE. Jamsio.
Karposka, r. Russia, which rises near Sarepta,
and joins the Don about Lat. 48. 40. N.
Karpilowka, t. Russia, Kiev ; 8 NNW. Kiev.
Karraleejango, X. Kaarta ; 80 E. Kemmoo.
Karriarpour, X. Gohud ; 16 N. Gohud.
Karrieten, t. Arabia, in Yemen ; 20 SSE.
Chamir. Kars, see Cars.
Kars, X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia ; 25 NNE.
Adana, 46 W. Marasch.
Kars, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 20 N. Sirjian.
Karsaboo, X. Africa, in Bambarra. Lon. 5. 35.
W. Lat. 13. 10. N.
Karsamaki, X. Sweden, in Ulea ; 65 S. Ulea.
Karsek, isl. near W. coast of East Greenland.
Lon. 45. 20. W. Lat. 60. 35. N.
Karseron, see Kazeron.
Karschinskoi, fortress, Russia, on the Ural ;
168 N. Guriev.
Karshe, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 6 E. Jarun.
Karshi, see Nekshab.
Karsisai, r. Armenia, which runs into the
Aras, 20 S. Anisi.
Karsilza, r. Sclavonia, which runs into foe
Drave, 6 NW. Eszek.
Karskoi, settlement, Russia, Archangelskoe,
at the mouth of the Kara; 600 ENE. Archan
gel. Lon, 64 14. E. Lat. 68. 35. N.
Karskoi More, or Karskoi Sea, part of the
Frozen ocean, between foe continent of Rus
sia and Nova Zembla, extending from Lon. 61.
to 68. E. Lat. from 70. to 75. N.
Karskoi Zaliv, or TAe Gulf of Karskoi, large
bay of the Frozen ocean, which lies S. of the
Karskoi sea. Lon. 62. to 69. E. Lat. 86. to 70. N.
Karsiurusk, X. East Greenland. Lon. 45. W.
Lat. 61. 10. N.
Karstorp, X, Sweden, in Smaland ; 48 SE.
Jonkioping. Karstula, t. Finland, in Wasa ; 85 E. Wasa.
Karsun, X. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the Kar-
sunka ; 60 WSW. Simbirsk. Pop. 3,330.
Karsytsiak, X. East Greenland. Lon. 43. W.
Lat. 60. 16. N.
Kartal, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the coast
of the sea of Marmora ; 40 W. Ismid.
Kartan, or Marfan, four small islands in the
Arabian, sea, at the entrance of the gulf of Cu
ria Muria, bounding it on the SW. Lon. 54. 60.
E. Lat. 17. 40. N.
Kartan, i . Saxony, which joins the Old Elbe,
near Wittenberg.
Kariascheu, r. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irt
isch ; 48 S. Tara.
Kartasura, X. Java, in the interior and cen

tral part of the island, the residence of a sultan.
Pop. estimated at upwards of 100,000.
Kartbirt, (an. Charpote,) X. A. Turkey, in Di
arbekir ; 48 WNW. Diarbekir.
Karteh, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 10 W. Tabas
Kileki. Karteron, t. Syria, on foe Euphrates ; 10 S.
Osara. Karles, t. Africa, in Whidah; 12 E. Sabi.
Kartunsai, small isl. in the gulf of Finland.
Lon. 27. E. Lat. 60. 30. N.
Kartush, t. Turkish Armenia, Cars ; 52 NE.
Ardanoudji. Kartuta, t. Finland ; 20 W- Kuopio.
Karun, X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 70 S. Suster.
Karun, see Karasu.
Karvia, X. Finland ; 47 NNE. Biorneborg.
Karuna, t. Finland, in Abo ; 13 SSE. Abo.
Karup, X. Denmark, North Jutland ; 14 NW.
Aalborg. Karur, X. Hind., in S. Coimbetore, on the
Amarabathi, with a fort, belonging to the My
sore. H. 1,000.
Karwinden, t. Prussia ; 10 E. Holland.
Karulsaif, X. Persia, Segestan ; 51 W. Zareng.
Karup, X. Sweden, in Halland ; 15 S. Halm
stadt Karyszanka, t. Russia, in Kiev ; 48 SSE. Bia-
lacerkiew. Karzala, X. Russia, in Saratov, on the Cho-
per ; 80 NW. Saratov.
Karzeron, see Kazeron.
Kas, or Kyon, or Guess, or Quesche, (an. Co-
tea,) low, fertile island in the gulf of Persia,
separated from the continent of Persia, by a
good channel, about 12 m. broad. Lon. 54. 4.
E. Lat. 26. 34. N.
Kas, (El J or /Jos Kasaron, mountainous cape
of Egypt, on the coast of the Mediterranean ;
3 N. Catieh. Lon. 33. 22. E. Lat. 30. 58. N.
Kasabi, X. Syria, on the Euphrates ; 25 E. El
Deir. Kasakura, X. Japan, Ximo ; 22 ESE. Taisero.
Kasamansa, r. Africa, which runs into the
Atlantic, 40 S. of the Gambia.
Kasan, see Kazan.
Kasbaite, or Gasbaile, (an. Satafa,) X. Algiers ;
50 SW. Constantina.
Kaschan, see Cashan.
Kashgar, or Cashgar, or Kaschgar, city, Asia,
which at one time gave name to Little Bukha
ria, of which it was the capital ; 530 NE. Cash
mere. Lon. 80. 14. E. Lat. 39. 35. N. Pop.
stated, in 1759, at 2,500 families. The houses
are of brick. Since the Tartars have been in
possession of the country, Kashgar has lost
much of its ancient splendour, yet at present
carries on a considerable commerce with the
neighbouring countries.
Kasehil, t Africa, in Benguela.
Kaschin, X. Russia, in Tver, on the Volga ; 60
NE. Tver. Pop. 3,513. It contains 608 wooden
houses, 25 churches, and 3 stone convents.
Kasching, X. Bavaria; 5 NE.Ingoldstadt.
Kaschira, X. Russia, in Tula ; 56 N. Tula.
Kaschkarantzi, t. Russia, in Archangelskoe,
on the White sea ; 140 NW. Archangel.
Kaschpersky Hory, see Reichenstain.
Kasdaghy, see Gargarus.
Kashan, t. Persia, Chorasan ; 60 ENE. Herat.

KAS

835

KAT

Kashan, t. Turkestan ; 25 N. Andegan.
Kashoklu, t. A. Turkey, Caramania ; 55 SW.
Cogni. Kasilax, X. Finland ; 25 E. Nyslot.
Kasimadab, see Cassemabad.
Kasimieres, see Kazimiers.
Kasimov, X. Russia, in Riazan, on the Oka,
formerly the residence of a Tartar prince ; 76
ENE. Riazan. Lat. 55. 11. N. Pop. 9,198.
Kaskaskia, p-t. fa cap. Randolph co. Illinois,
on the Kaskaskia, 11 miles from its mouth ; 6
E. of foe Mississippi, and about 130 above the
mouth ofthe Ohio; 102 Vandalia, 150 SW. Vin
cennes, W. 898. It is finely situated, has a good
harbour for boats, contains a land office, a print
ing office, and a bank. The bouses, about
160 iri number, are scattered over an extensive
plain, and have a clumsy appearance. Some of
them are stone. About one half of the inhabi
tants are French. Near the town is a coal mine.
Kaskaskia, or Okaw, or Occoa, r. Illinois,
which runs SW. into the Mississippi, below the
town of Kaskaskia, 63 miles below foe Missouri.
It is navigable for boats 150 miles. Its general
course is SW. and S. It flows through a very
fertile country, which abounds in natural mead
ows. There are high banks through a part of
its course, on foe east side, composed of lime
stone and free stone, in some places from 100
to 150 feet. The land on the west side of this
river is described as the best in Illinois.
Kaskaskias, Indians on the Kaskaskia. No. 500.
Kaskarel Melik, X. Arabian Irak ; 36 N. Bag
dad. Kaskaskunk, a town of the Delawares, Pa. ;
between Great Beaver creek and the Allegha
ny ; 40 N. Pittsburg. The Moravian mission
aries once had a settlement here.
Kaskeira, X. Persia, in Irak ; 25 N. Sava.
Kaskinompa, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Mississippi, 20 miles below the Ohio.
Kaskis, t. Finland, in Tavastland ; 30 E. Ta
vasthus. Kaskoe, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, neat
the coast of Finland. Lon. 90. 10. E. Lat. 63. 16.
N. It has a town with 536 inhabitants.
Kaskoyar, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 90. 10. E. Lat. 63. 16. N.
Kaslach, r. Austria, which runs into foe Dan
ube, 3 E. Passau.
Kasleken, X. Prussia, Gumbinnen ; 8 SE. Gum
binnen. Kasmark, see Kesmark.
Kasnieh, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 12 S. Zauzan.
Kdsr, t. Egypt; 6 NNW. Ashmunein.
Kasr, (AIJ fortress, Persia, in Segestan ; 60
SE. Dergasp.
Kasr, (AIJ fort, Arabian Irak ; 20 S. Sura.
Kasr Abdulla, fortress, Arabian Irak, on the
Tigris ; 42 NW. Korna.
Kasr Ahmed, X. Tripoli, on the coast ; 100 E.
Tripoli. Lon. 15. 20. E. Lat. 32. 4. N.
Kasr Ahnaf fortress, Persia, in Chorasan ; 18
S. Maru-errud.
Kasr Band, fortress, Persia, Mecran ; 90 N. Kie .
Kasr Essaiad, fortress, Egypt, on the right
bank of the Nile ; 20 W. Kene.
Kasr Gedid, fortress, Egypt, on the right
bank of the Nile ; 8 S. Denutar.
Kasr ibn Hobeira, fortress, Pers ia, in Chora
san ; 12 SSW. Hellah, 18 NE. Meschid Ali.

.Kasr Jocub, fortress, Egypt, on the right bank
of the Nile, opposite to Shabur.
Kasr Kerun, see Casr Canon.
Kasr Kiassera, (an. Nicopolis,) X. Egypt, on
the coast of the Mediterranean ; 5 NE. Alex
andria. Kasr Shirin, fortress, Arabian Irak; 16 S.
Holvan .
osr Terani, fortress, Egypt ; 18 NW. Cairo.
Kasson, X. Africa, in Yani, on the N. side of
the Gambia ; 36 NW. Pisania. It is said to be
populous. It is surrounded by a ditch, and has
considerable trade in salt.
Kasseramangalam, X. Hind., in Bara maul; 17
S. Coveriporum.
Kassgunge, X. Hind., in the Dooab ; 24 NW.
Pattiary. Kassina, see Cashna.
Kasson, or Kassou, country, Africa, bounded
N. by Jaffnoo, E. by Kaarta, S. by the Senegal,
and W. by Jaaga, about 50 miles from N. to S.
and nearly the same from E. to W. Lon. 8. to
9.W. Lat. 14. to 15. N. Chief town, Kooniakary.
Kast, X. Persia, Segestan ; 40 SW. Arokhage.
Kastamouni, Kastamunijah, or Castamena, X.
Natolia, capital of a sandgiacat; 60 S. Inehboli
its port, 240 E. Constantinople. Lon. 34. 18. E.
Lat. 40. 42. N. Pop. about 50,000. It was for
merly larger than at present, and a Greek abp.
see. Kastanla;, (an. Castabala,) v. Asia Minor; 45
NNE. Scanderoon.
Kastanovitz, X. Croatia, on an island in the
river Unna ; 50 SE. Carlstadt, 125 W. Peter-
Wardein. H. 600.
Kaslagnatz, mt. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 20
NE. Emboli.
Kastee, t. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 17 ESE.
Tooliapour. Kastel, X. France, Moselle ; 6 NW. Sar Louis.
Kastelorizo, or Castello Rosso, which see.
Kastholm, X. Russia, on SE. coast of Aland.
Kaslinhoy, X. Russia, near foe Don ; 20 miles
below Voronez.
Kaslolatz, (an. Margus,) t. Eu. Turkey, in
Sciwia ; 5 N. Passarovitz.
Kasza, X. Hungary ; 8 SSW. Bolesko.
Kaszponar, X. Bessarabia ; 24 NNW. Ismail.
Kaszuck, X. Bessarabia ; 6 S. Akerman.
Koto, r. Ger., which runs into the Danube
near Geisingen.
Kataba, X. Arabia, Yemen, in a fertile coun
tiy, near a river that runs into the sea, at Aden ;
governed by a dola, and defended by a citadel ;
75 N. Aden. Lon. 44. 39. E. Lat. 13. 54. N.
Kataden, or Katalidin, mt. Maine ; 70 N.
Bangor. It is situated E. of ChesunCook lake,
between the eastern and western branches of
the Penobscot. It is the highest and southern
most of a cluster of 8 or 10 mountains, and may
be seen in a clear day at Bangor, 70 miles dist
ant, and also at Dixmont, 80 miles distant. In
Aug. 1805, a party of 11 persons ascended this
mountain. They had no means of ascertaining
its height, but estimated at 13,000 feet. They
describe the prospect from the top as very en
chanting, affording a view of 63 lakes of vari
ous extent, and all the mountains between
Maine and Canada.
Katal, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 18 S. Sivas.

KAT

836

KAU

Katapang, small isl. E- Indian sea, pear N.
coast of Java. Lon. U3. 22. E. Lat 7. 39. S.
Katarem, X. Arabia, in Yemen; 60S. Saade.
Katchall, see Tillongchool.
Kdtena, X. Bengal ; 80 N. Dacca.
Kalerevi, X. Georgia ; 18 WSW. Teflis.
Kateriaenscltstat, X. Russia, iri Saratov, on the
Volga; 32 NE. Saratov.
Katexline, s-p. Scot, on the coast of Kincar
dineshire; 3 S- Stonehaven. Lon. 2. 12. W.
Lat. 66. 52. N.
Katherinehurg, see Ekaterineburg.
Katherinestadt, X. Russia, in Saratov, on the
Wolga. Pop. 636,. It is the principal of the
German settlement on the Wolga.
Kathtippajcmunck, Indian town, in Indiatia, at
foe junction of the Wabash with the Tippe
canoe. It was destroyed, in 1791, by Generals
Scott and Wilkinson.
Katif, see Calif.
Kalimbevole, t. Ceylon ; 36 S- Candia-
Katimtumu, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
Lena ; 60 E. Olekminsk.
Katinna, city & state, interior of Africa, in
cluded in Houssa or Malowa.
Katirdgi, X. Natolia ; 28 E. Ismid.
Katirli, t Natolia ; 28 N. Bursa.
Katisti, t. Natoliaj on the coast of foe sea of
Marmora ; 36 8. Constantinople.
' Katlabuga, r. Bessarabia, which runs into the
Danube, 5 E. Ismail, forming a lake at its mouth.
Katna, X. Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 30
SW. Stockholm.
Katneblow, X. Russia, in Kiev; 36 S. Bjala-
cerkiew. Katnia, Stanils, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi ; 64
NE. Vitimskoi.
Kaloene, X. Ceylon ; 64 S. Candy.
Katoun-serai, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 12
S. Cogni.
Katrin, t Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly ; 36 S. by
W. Salonica. Fop. 1,500.
Katrotzani, t. Walachia, ; 1 6 N. Bucharest.
Kals, X. Holland, on the E. coast of the island
of N. Beveland.
Katscher, X. Moravia, in Prerau, with a lord
ship insulated in Silesia, to which it otice be
longed ; 12 W. Ratibor, 42 NE. Olmutz. Lon.
17. 52. E. Lat 49. 59. N. Fop. 1,325.
Kaf skill, see Catskill.
Katla,X. Bootan ; 15 S. Bisnee.
Kalta, X- Persia, Faristan ; 30 WSW- Yezd.
Kottah, t. Arabia, Hedsja- ; 160 ESE. Madian.
Katlar, see Gatlar.
. Kattenbrunn, mt Ger. in Salzburg, district of
Songau ; 9,340 feet high ; covered with per
petual snow.
' Kallhollz, X. Austria ; 4 W. Laab,
.Koftron, see Gatron.
Katuadi, X. Arabian Irak ; 12 S. Bagdad.
Katunsemi, t. A. Turkey, in, Caramania ; 12
S. Cogni.
Kalunskaiah, X. Rus., Kolivan ; 12 S. Biisk.
Kaisn, X. Get., m Me'mujigen ; 7 WNW.
Meinungen. Kalza, r. Ger., which, rises in Henneberg, and
runs into the. Werra, 1 S. Wasungen,
Katzbach, r. Silesia, which rises near Bley-
berg mountain, and runs info the. Oder, near
Leubus, in Jauer.

Katzenbach, r. Ger., whiGh runs into the Neck
ar, in Hohenberg.
Kalzelnbogen, see Catzenelnbogen.
Kalzhulte, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg-Rudqls-
tadl. Pop. 586.
Kau, t. Africa, in IJoango, where foe next
heir to the crown generally resides.
Kau il Kubbara,(an. Animopolis,) X. Egypt, on
the right bank of the Nile ; 7 N. Tahta.
Kauadi, isl. in Egypt, in lake Berelos; 13
NE. Faoua.
Kaubul, X. Bessarabia; 34 W- Akerrnan.
Kavarna, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, in the
gulf of Varna; 22 NE. Varna. Lon. 28. 17. E.
Lat. 43. 21. N.
Kauder, X. Hind., Lahore ; 40 SSW. Lahore.
Kaudir, or Cpdid, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas ; 6Q
NW. Mecca.
Kavenaugh, p-v. Wilson co., Ten. ; W. 707.
Kaverzifia, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the
Tchiuna; 20 ESE. Eniseisk.
Kay,emdorf X. Bav., Culmbach ; 5 ESE. Hof.
Kaveityrungapaleam, X. Hind., in Baramaul ;
3 S. Wombinellore.
Kauffburen, formerly Buren, X. Bav.; capital
of a district, on the Wuttach ; 15 NNE. Kemp-
ten, 62 ENE. Constance. Lon. 10. 27. E. Lat.
47. 53. N. Pop. 4,140. It has manufactures
of cotton, linen, fustian, and leather.
K^auffungeu, X. Hesse Cassel, the capital of a
bailiwick; 5 SE. Cassel. Pop. 1,500.
Kauga, X. Africa, capital of a kingdom of the
same name, on a lake which Ptolemy calls Nu
ba Palus, in which the Niger is supposed to lose
itself; 225 SSE. Bornou. Lon. 24. 40. E. Lat.
16. 10. N.
Kaugasnigmi, X. Finland ; 35 N. Christina.
KauhajokijX. Finland, 24 ENE. Christinestadf.
Kaui, X. Persia, in Adirbeitzan, on the
Otour; 68 NW. Tabris, 105 SE. Erivan. Itis
surrounded with a wall, has 4 gates, 20 mosques,
6 baths, 10,000 houses, and 50,000 inhabitants,
the greater part of whom are Armenians. The
surrtkiudjng countiy is very fertile.
Kauhava, X. Finland ; 37 E. Wasa.
Kavian, X. Arabia, in Hadramut; 116 SSW.
Amanzirifdin. Kaukanuroa, t. Hind., in Cattack ; 28 S. Cat
tack. Kavaskoi, government, Russia ; see Caucasus.
Kauke, r. Prussia, which runs into the Curisch
Haff, 8 W. Lappinen.
Kaukeban, t. Arabia, capital of a district in
Yemen, governed by a scheik, on a mountain,
almost inaccessible ; 18 W. Sana, 72 SSE. Cha
mir. Kaukenen, X. Prussian Lithuania, on foe
Kauke ; 12 WNW. Tilsit. Pop. 500,
Kaumbok, x. Hind., Ellore ; 12 SSW. Ellore.
Kaungura, X. Hind., Lahore ; 6 S. Nagorcote.
Kaunits, t. Moravia, Brunn ; 8 SW. Brunn.
Kaunitz, X. Moravia, in Znaym ; 6 SW. Cru-
mau, 11 NNW. Znaym; H. 200.
Kau»r/)our,t.Hind., Moultan ; 15NE. Moultan.
Kaunudon, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 20 ENE.
Callanore. Kavo, one of the smaller Molucca islands ; 5
S. Machian. Lon. 127. 24. E. Lat. 0. 5. N.
Kauos, (an. G.aba,) t, Grand Bukharia ; 65
N. Samarcan

KAY

837

KEA

Kaur, (an. Choara,) X- Persia, in Irak ; 6 E.
Natens. Kaurabang, X. Cabulistan; 80 SW. Cabul.
Kaurestan, X. Persia, Laristan ; 65 ESE. Lar.
Kaurkah,X. Hind.; 5 N. Agimere.
Kaurzim, X. Bohemia, capital of a circle of
the same name, on a river which runs info the
Elbe; 24 ESE. Prague; 36 WSW. Konigin
gratz. Lon- 15. 5. E. Lat. 49. 56. N. Pop.
1,519. The circle contains a great many woods,
and much timber is sent to Prague, and other
places. Pop. 142,205. Sq. m. 1,033.
Kauszan, t. Bessarabia, inhabited by Budziack
Tartars ; 12 SSE. Bender.
Kauszan, see Botna.
Kaulee, X. Bengal ; 14 E. Toree.
Kouzeroon, see Kazeron.
Kawah, X. Hind., Ellichpour ; 20 E. Omrautty.
Kawar, or Kuar, country, Africa, bounded N.
by the deserts of Libya, E. by Egypt, S. by
Kuku and Bornou, and W. by the desert of
Bilmah. Kawomurah, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 100 NW.
Meaco. Kawtah, X. Hind., Singboom ; 45 E. Doesa.
Kawatsa, X. Finland ; 25 SE. Biorneborg.
Kaxherta, X. Finland, in Abo, on an island
in the gulf of Finland ; 5 S. Abo.
Kay, v. Prussia, Brandenburg, near which the
Russians obtained a victoiy over the Prussians,
\n 1759; 7 WNW. Zullichau.
Kay, r. Congo, which run? into the Zaire, 30
N. St. Salvador.
Kaya, X. Caeongo. Lon. 12. 10. E. Lat. 5.
20. S.
Kayadere, X. A. Turkey, near W. coast of Na
tolia ; 5 ENE. Vourla.
Kayang, X- Celebes, which runs into Bony
bay, Lon. 120. 40. E. Lat. 4. 59. S.
Kaybay, see Kao.
Kaybee, country, Africa, 9 days' journey N.
Kong. It is said to be populous.
Kaycoon Point, cape on W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 129. 50. E, Lat, 3. 22. S.
Kaye, X. Africa, and capital of a lordship, in
Loango ; 10 NW. Loango.
Kaydanow, X. Rus., Minsk ; 16 SSW. Minsk.
Kayee, X. Africa, in Kajaaga, on the Senegal.
Lon. 9. 35. W. Lat. 15. 30. N.
Kaye's Island, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean,
near W. coast of N. America, about 30 miles
in. length, and 4 in breadth. The SW. point
is situated in Lon. 216. 58. E. Lat. 59. 49. N.
Kayger's Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio, 10 miles above Gallipolis.
Kaymen, X. Prussia ; 12 ENE. Konigsberg.
Kaynoura, X. Bondou ; 15 SSW. Fatteconda.
Kaynsham, see Keynsham.
Kayoo X. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger.
Lon. 4. 59. W. Lat. 13. N.
Kayor, see Cayor.
Kuysersberg, see Kaisersberg.
Kaysersheim, princely abbey, Ger., near Do-
nauwert, founded in 1126.
Kaysersesch, or Keysers-Esch, X. Pru., Lower-
Rhine ; 12 W. Coblentz, 36 NE. Treves. Lon.
7. 2. E. Lat. 50. 18. N. Pop. 434.
Kayserslautern, see Lautern.
Kayserswert, or Keyserswert, t. Fru. Dussel
dorf, E. side of the Rhine ; 6 NNW. Dusseldorf.

24 N. Juliers. Lon. 6. 37. E. Lat. 51. 16. N.
Pop. 1,352. It was once fortified, but is now
without walls.
Kayuwah, X. Pegu, on the left bank of foe
Ava ; 15 S. Prome.
Kayzevan, X Turkish Armenia ; 65 SW. Eri
van, 115 E. Erzerum.
Kazakova, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi; 12 W.
Nertchinsk. itasan,or Kazanskoe, gov.,En. Russia, bound
ed N. by Viatka, E. by Orenburg, S. by Sim
birsk, and W. by Niznei Novgorod. Lon. 46.
20. to 49. 40. E. Lat. 54. to 57. N. Pop. 860,000.
Sq.m. 22,140. It is divided into 12 circles;
consists mostly of an immense plain ; the soil
generally fertile, but cultivated with little skill
or industry ; the climate temperate in summer,
but severe in winter. The rivers are the Volga,
Kama, Sura, Viatka, and Kasanka.
Kazan, city, Russia, capital of a government
to which it gives name, on the Volga ; 360 E.
Moscow, 660 SE. Petersburg. Lon. 49. 21. E.
Lat. 55. 47. N. Pop. 17,550. H. 2,984 Booths
1,248. Greek chh. 41. Lutheran 4. Greek con
vents 4. Citadel 1. Hospital 1. This city con
sists of a strong fort, built with stone ; the
Wooden Town, as it is called ; and several ad-
joinining slobodes, or suburbs ; and among these
there is one inhabited by Tartars, in which are 4
metsheds. The garrison of the city consists of
regiments, for the service of which a very good
hospital is provided.
Kazan is an archbishop's see, and contains a
small university, with a library, and 60 students,
and 2 gymnasia. The convent of Silandowo,
which stands on the river Kazanka, about 2
versts from the town, is a school, where the
children of the Tartars are taught the Russian
and Latin languages, foe principles ot the
Christian religion, and the elements of philoso
phy, in order to qualify them as preachers for
the conversion of the nations to which they
belong.— In 1749, and 1752, this city was to
tally destroyed by fire. Kazan was once foe
capital of a principal part of Tartary, and the seat
of government, where the royal family resided.
Kazanow, X. in Sandomirz ; 40 NNW. Sando
mirz. Kazanskaia, X. Russia, In the country of the
Cosacs, on foe Don ; 100 SSE. Veronez. It is
"of considerable size.
Kazansko, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 272 NNW.
Turuchansk. Kazbach, see Kadersbach.
Kazeron, or Kouzeroon, X. Persia, in Faristan -
55 WSW. Schiras, 65 E. Bender Rigk. Lon'
51. 28. E. Lat. 29. 44. N. Pop. 3, or 4,000; for
merly 20,000. It has been depopulated by the
late civil wars. It is situated in a fertile valley.
Kazikiran, X. Persia, in Ardirbeitzan ; 45 Se!
Urmia. Kazimiers, or Casimir, X. Russian Poland in
Lublin, on the right bank of foe Vistula, which
sometimes overflows foe town, and lays half
the houses underwater; 25 W. Lublin 70 SE
Warsaw. H. 300.
Kbell,X. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 3 ESE. Benatek
Kea, X. Africa, in Bambarra ; 65 NE. Sego
KeacA, r. S. Wales, which runs into the Tivy
about 5 miles above Cardigan. '

KED

838

KEF

Keampdn Head, cape on E. coast of the isl. of
Lewis, forming NE. point of the peninsula of
Aird. Lon. 6. 5. W. Lat. 58. 15. N.
Keangon, X. Grand Bukharia; 75 NW.Anderab.
Kearah, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 30 SSW. Patna.
Kearnsville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. ; W.
209. Kearsarge,' mt. N. H., in Coos co., on the line
between Bartlett and Chatham.
Kearsarge, mt. N. H., in Hillsborough co. be
tween Salisbury, Andover, Sutton, and Wilmot.
It is 2,461 feet above the level of the sea.
Kearsarge Gore, N. H., on N. side of Warner,
to which it has lately been annexed, and on S.
side of Kearsarge mountain. Pop. in 1810, 125.
Keazletown, X. Rockingham co. Va. ; 4\ miles
from Harrisonburg.
Keban, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir; 70 N. Di
arbekir. Kebby, i . Eng., which runs into the Usk, near
Abergavenny. Kebeck, i. Eng., which runs into the Nid, 2
miles above Knaresborough, in Yorkshire.
Kebet, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
130. 40. E. Lat. 7'. 10. S.
Kcbk's Island, island in Mergui Archipelago,
about 5 miles long, and 1J broad. Lat. 8. 59.N.
Kebrinaz,X. Natolia; 8 NE. Isbarteh.
Kebuck Head, cape on E. coast of the island
of Lewis. Lon. 6. 19. W. Lat. 58. 2. N.
Keck, see Kesh.
Kechikigon, see Cedar River.
Kechmiche, see Kishme.
Kedar, t. Bengal ; 15 SE. Midnapour.
Kedar, (an. GadaraJ X. Syria, on the Jermuk,
E. of foe lake of Tiberias ; 50 N. Jerusalem,
Kedar, district, in N. part of Arabia.
Keddleston, X. Eng., in Derbyshire; 5 N.Der
by. Pop. 144. It is noted chiefly for a mineral
spring of sulphureous waters ; and for the man
sion and park of lord Searsdale.
Kedar-nalh, celebrated place of Hindoo wor
ship, situated among the mountains of Serina
gur, very difficult of access. Lon. 79. 19. E. Lat.
32. N. The temple, according to capt. Webb,
is 11,897 feet above Calcutta, or about 12,000
above the level of the sea.
Kedi, or Quede, t. Africa,, in the country of
the P'oulis ; 40 W. Cayor.
Kedeh-farah, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas, on the
Kizilermak; 30 W. Samsoun.
Kederkou Houtchin, post, Tartary, in the
country of the Monguls. Lon. 113.5. E. Lat. 44.
30. N.
Kedercou-kiamen, post, Chinese Tartary, in
the country ofthe Kalkas. Lon. 105.22.E. Lat.
43. 48. N.
Kedgeree, X. Bengal, at the mouth of the
Hoogly ; 50 S. by W. Culcutta. Lon. 88. 16. E.
Lat. 21. 65. N. It is esteemed healthier than
Diamond harbor ; and has a good bazar. Ships
frequently stop here, either in coming out of,
or entering the river.
Kedgoora, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 30 NNE.
Callingar. Ktdgree, t. Hind. ; 34 NE. Benares.
Kedham, t. Upper Guinea, on the river Sher-
bro ; 200 miles from the mouth.
Kedingcn, district, Hanover, in Bremen, be
tween the Elbe and district of Hadeln. Pop.
6,528.

Kedous, (an. Cadi,) t. A. Turkey, is Natolia ;
32 W. Kiutaja.
Keeblesville, p-v. Davidson co. Tennessee;
25 Murfreesborough, W. 763.
Keefah, X. Africa, in Algiers ; 6 NE. Tipsa.
Keeheelsa Indians, N.A., near the Yellowstone;
SE. of Manuel's fort. No. 4,000.
Keema-kedan, cluster of small islands in the
E. Indian sea, near W. coast of the island of
Leyta. Lon. 124. 36. E. Lat. 10. 30. N.
Keen, or Keenduem, or Kaynduem, r. Birmah,
supposed to rise in the mountains between As
sam and Ava, and joins the Irrawaddy, at Mi-
ondep, in Lat. 21. 45. N. It is navigable only
for flat bottomed boats, and is the second prin
cipal river in the Birman empire.
Keene, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 13 SE. Wal
pole, 26 SSE. Charlestown, 55 WSW. Concord,
77 WNW. Boston, 95 W. Portsmouth, W. 445.
Pop. in 1810, 1,646 ; in 1820, 1,895. It is wa
tered by the Ashuelot, and has a very pleasant
and handsome village, which contains a court
house, a jail, a bank, a printing-office, a meeting
house, and has considerable trade. About a
mile from the village, a canal is cut from the
Ashuelot, on which are a woollen manufactory,
an oil mill, and other valuable mills. The courts
for the county are held alternately at Keene and
Charlestown. Keene, p-t. Essex co. N. Y., at the sources of
the Hudson, E. of Saranac lake ; 140 N.Albany,
W. 490. Pop. 605. Iron ore abounds in this
town, and here are extensive iron works.
Keeneebaloo, or St. Peter's Mount, large mt.
in N. part of Borneo, near which live a people
called Oran, Idaan, and sometimes Maroots,
who offer human sacrifices to their deity.
Keeper, (The,) mt. Ireland, in foe county of
Tipperary; 7 SW. Nenagh.
Keera, X. Hind., Bundelcund ; 12 E. Kewah.
Keeretpour, X. Hind., in Sumbul ; 10 SSW.
Nidjibabad. Keerpoy, X. Bengal, in Burdwan; 33 SSW.
Burdwan. Lon. 87. 35. E. Lat. 22.45. N. Pop.
10,525. Keeryshur, X. Hind., in the Carnatic; 22 SSW.
Bomrauzepollam. Keesera, X. Hind., in Condapilly ; 16 NW.
Condapilly. Keeten, (GroetJ v. North Holland ; 6 S.
Helder. Keeten, (Klein,) v. North Holland, near the
German sea ; 4 S. Helder.
Keelonsville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. ; 125
Richmond, W. 248.
Kefermack, X. Austria ; 4 SSE. Freustadt. *
Keffs, or Keffts, or Urbs, (an. Sicca, or Sicca
VeneriaJ X. Africa, in Tunis, and the third for
riches and strength in the countiy ; on the bor
ders of Algiers ; 63 SE. Bona, 70 WSW. Tunis.
Lon. 9. 3. E. Lat. 36. 15. N. The situation of
Keff, as the name itself imports, is upon foe
declivity of a bill, with a plentiful source of
water near the centre of it.
Keffing, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
SE. coast of the island of Ceram. Lon. 131. 11.
E. Lat. 3. 28. S.
Kefil, v. Arabian Irak ; 14 S. Helleh. It is
celebrated for the tomb of the prophet Ezekiel,
which is annually visited by abundance of Jews.

KEI

839

KEL

Kefkebeh, t. Natolia ; 20 NE. Eskishehr.
Kef ken, small isl. in the Black sea, near foe
coast of Natolia. Lon. 30. 40. E. Lat. 41. 6. N.
Kefonetei, i . La., which runs into lake Pont-
chartrain, Lon. 89. 56. W. Lat. 30. 21. N.
Kefr it Batif X. Egypt ; 2 S. Damietta.
Kefr Suleiman, X. Egypt; 5 SSW. Damietta.
Kefreen, X. Syria, on a large plain, to which
it gives name ; 15 m. from Aleppo. It is re
markable for the number of pigeons bred here.
Keft, or Kept, (an. CoptosJ X. Egypt, on a
canal made from foe right bank of the Nile ;
250 S. Cairo. Lon. 32. E. Lat. 25. 50. N. In
the early times of Christianity, this city became
famous for the great resort of Christians to it in
times of persecution, and it is said that they re
tired to the grottoes of the neighbouring
mountains. This was the first rise of the name
of Copts, which it is said the Mahometans gave
in derision to the Christians in Egypt. — To the
E. of foe high ground ofthe old city is a large
basin, as of a lake or pond, about 300 paces
long, and 200 broad ; to the N. of it there is a
deeper hole, in which there was foul water ;
both these were, doubtless, reservoirs of water
for the use of the city.
Kegworlh, X. Eng,, in Leicestershire, on the
borders of Derbyshire ; 11 SSE. Derby, 17 N.
Leicester. Pop. 1,360.
Keheep, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 45 S. Attock.
Kehemend, X. Persia, in Farsistan , 35 NE.
Estakar. Kelioa, X. Asia, in Tonquin, near the coast.
Lon. 105. 21. E. Lat. 19. 12. N.
Kehriez, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 70 N. Herat.
Kehuj, t. Hind., in Lahore ; 6 SE. Lahore.
Keia-regian, t. Persia, in Irak ; .60 WNW. Ha
mad an.
Keider Peyamsber, mt. Persia, in Irak ; 44
NW. Hamadan.
Keiflinge, X. Sweden, Skonen ; 6 NE. Lund.
Kei-gan, X. Corea ; SE. Cou-fou.
Keighley, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, on a naviga
ble canal ; 12 N. Halifax, 209 NNW. London.
Pop. 6,864. It has a market on Wednesday.
Keikis, X. Finland, Abo; 48 N. Biorneborg.
fKeilleSay, one of the smaller Western Islands,
Scot ; 3 NE. Barray island. Lon. 7. 23. W.
Lat. 57. 2. N.
Keim-hotun, X. Chinese Tartary, in Kirin ;
550 ENE. Peking. Lon. 129. 24. E. Lat. 44.
45. N.
Keinton, see Kineton.
Keiriog, r. Wales, which rises in Merioneth
shire, and runs into the Severn, 4 W. Ellesmere,
in Shropshire.
Keis Bay, or Sinclair's Bay, bay on E. coast
of Scotland, in the county of Caithness. Lon.
2. 58. W. Lat. 58. 28. N.
Keisan, see Kao-chan.
Keish, see Kits.
Keiskamma, r. Africa, which runs into the
Indian sea, Lat. 32. 40. S.
Keiser's River, t. Africa, at the Cape of Good
Hope, which descends from Table mountain.
Keith, X. Scot, in Bamffshire ; 15 SE. Elgin,
16 SW. Bamff. Lon. 2. 52. W. Lat. 57. 31. N.
Pop. 3,352. The old town of Keith is reduced
to a small village, and another town has been
built about half a century, called New Keith,

on a regular plan ; and has a very considerable
market for cattle, and a post-office. — James
Ferguson, the celebrated astronomer, was a
native of Keith.
Kej, see Kidge. , ;<
Keki, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 15 NNW. Naka. .
Keko, X. Hungary; 15 SE.Korpona. It has a
castle. Kela, or Kelay, or Qjuilla, X. Africa, on foe
Slave coast, in Koto.
Kelaia, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas; 50 ESE. Calaat
el Moilah.
Kelang, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
W. coast of Ceram. Lon. 128. E. Lat. 3. 8. S.
Kelar, X. Persia, in Irak ; 70 ESE. Casbin.
Kelat, X. Cabulistan, capital of Beloochistan,
on an eminence. Lon. 67.51. E. Lat. 29. 6. N.
H. 4,000. It is surrounded by a wall, and is
the residence of the khan. The streets are
narrow and dirty, and the houses are built of
half burnt brick. It has several good bazars.
Kelat, X. Persia, in Chorasan, at the edge of
a high mountain, surrounded by rocks; 25 E.
Abiverd. Kelat, X. fa strong fortress, Cabulistan, in Can
dahar ; 60 ENE. Candahar.
Kelbra, see Kalbra.
Keleh, t. Egypt ; 3 NW. Edfu.
Kelen, X. Prussia, Sudavia ; 3 S. Angerberg.
Keles, X. Natolia ; 28 ENE. Ephesus.
Kelestin, X. Hungary ; 2 S. Levens.
KetA, t. fa fortress, Baden, in Kinzig, on the
Bhine, opposite to Strasburg, 2 miles distant.
Pop. 1,388.
Kelheim, X, Bavaria, on an island, formed at
foe conflux of the Altmuhl and the Danube ; 16
SE. Dietfurt, 46 NNE. Munich. Lon. 11. 52. E,
Lat. 48. 52. N. Pop. 1,725.
Kelhera, X. Persia, Adirbeitzan, near Ardebil.
Kelikdoni, (an. CalycadnusJ r. A. Turkey, in
Caramania, which runs into foe Mediterranean,
5 S. Selefkeh.
Keliub, or Kaljub, X. Egypt, on the Kalitz abu
Meneggi, capital of a district ; 6 N. Cairo.
Kellah, t. Abyssinia ; 75 E. Axum.
Kellah, X. Hind., in Bahar; 20 N. Hajypour.
Kellamungullum, X. Hind., in Barramaul. Lon.
78. 5. E. Lat 12. 35. N. H. 300.
Kellat, see Kalhat.
Kellern, X. Prussia ; 5 S. Allensteih.
Kellern, X. Bavaria ; 3 SSW. Volchach.
Kelli, X. fa fortress, Hind., in Tanjore ; 27 S.
Tanjore, 52 NW. Negapatam. Lon. 76. 7. E
Lat. 10. 20. N,
Kellinglon, see Callington.
Kellinore, t. Carnatic ; 10 N. Pondicherry.
Kellerampl, bailiwick, Switz., in Zurich, of
which Bremgarten is the principal place.
Kellogsville, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y. ; W. 396.
Kells, X. Ireland, in Meath, on the river Black-
water ; 19 W. Drogheda, 32 NW. Dublin. Lon
6. 52. W. Lat. 53. 42. N. It was fortified, and
was often plundered by the Danes.
Kells Rins, mountainous ridge, Scot., in Kir
cudbright, a little S. of New Galloway.
Kellyvale, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. ; 46 N. Mont
pelier, W. 565. Pop. 139.
Kelmee, X. Hind., in the Baglana country, on
foe coast ; 16 N. Basseen.
Kelmebek, X. Natolia ; 28 E. Pergamo.

KEM

840

KEN

Kebno, X. Sweden, in East Gothland ; 23 N.
Linkioping. Kelsal's Island, small isl. in the Mergui Ar
chipelago, separated from SE. extremity of the
island of St. Susanna, by Aldersey's straits. Lat.
10. 27. N.
Kelsey, X. Hind., in Concan ; 6 W. Choule.
Keloga Burun, cape on the coast of Bulgaria.
Lon. 28. 17. E. Lat. 43. 45. N.
Kelso, X. Scot., in Roxburghshire, situated on
the river Tweed, at its conflux with the T eviot,
with a bridge across the Tweed ; 42 SSE.Edin^
burgh, 338 N. London. Lon. 2. 19. W. Lat. 55.
38. N. Pop. 4,408. It is finely situated, sur
rounded by gently rising, wooded eminences,
which enclose it as in a beautiful amphitheatre,
In the centre is a square, from which 6 streets
diverge in different directions; It has a market
house, 6 houses of public worship, a grammar
school, and 2 newspapers. The old abbey, a
Saxon edifice, a great part of which still re
mains, is the great ornament of Kelso. It was
founded in 1128, by David I., and after the
reformation was used as a Protestant church,
till 1771.
Kelindri, see Celindro.
Kelslenbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Mo
selle with the Naedt.
Kelsterbach, X. Hesse Darmstadt ; 2 SW.
Hochst, 10 N. Darmstadt. Pop. 755.
Ketton, t. Thibet ; 40 ENE. Lassa.
Kaltanpusuaclian, X. Thibet; 54 W. Sgigatche.
Keltsch, X. Moravia, in Prerau ; 14 E. Prerau.
Pop. 1,424.
Kelvan, t. Persia, Farsistan ; 18 ENE. Schiras.
Kelveh, X. Persia, in Mecran, on the Nehenk ;
280 SE. Zareng. Lon. 65. 48. E. Lat. 28. 50. N.
Kelvio, X. Finland, in Ulea ; 9 ENE. Gamla
Karleby. Kelvin, r. Ireland, Londonderry, which runs
into the Roe, about 4 S. Newtown Limavaddy.
Kelvin, r. Scot., which rises in Stirlingshire,
and flows into the Clyde at the village of Par-
tich, 2 miles below Glasgow.
Kelyn, r. Wales, which runs into the Dee, in
Merionethshire. Kiem, r. Russia, which runs into the White
sea, at Kemi.
Kema, X. on E. coast of Celebes. Lon. 125. 2.
E. Lat. 1. 8. N.
Kemac, fortress, Mesopotamia, on the bor
ders of Natolia ; 20 W. Arzcndgian.
Kemaoon, country, Northern Hindoostan, be
tween Lat. 29. and 30. N. Lon. 79. and 81. E.
The northern or mountainous part is subject
to the rajah of Nepaul ; the southern or flat
part, called Turrye, is subject to the British,
and is attached to the district of Bareilly. The
soil is fertile. Chief town, Almora.
Kemar, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 8 Sinob.
Kematen, X. Tyrol ; 6 W. Inspruck.
Kembela, X. Finland, in Ulea ; 5 S. Ulea.
Kemberg, X. Stiria ; 7 NE. Pruck.
Kemberg; t. Pru. Merseburg; 6 S. Witten
berg, 15 ESE. Dessau. Pop. 1,776.
Kembs, X. France, in. Upper Rhine ; 7 N. Htt-
ningue. Kemeen, X. Persia; in Fars ; 50 NE: Schiras.
Pop. 5,000.
Kemelpaeh, X. Austria, on E. side, of the Ips;
3 S. Ips.

. Kemer; t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond,' 12 ENE.
Rizeh. Kemeret, t. Ger., in Anhalt ; 5 W. Zerbst
Kemi, t. Russia, in Olonetz, at the mouth of
the Kern, W. Of the White sea ; 192 N. Petro-
vadsk. Lon. 28. 38. E. Lat. 64. 55. N. Pop. 886.
Kemgur, X. Hind., in Bahar; 27 NNE. Dur-
bunga. Kemi, or Kiemi, r. Finland, which flows froth
2 to 3 lakes in NE. part of East Bothnia, and
runs into the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 24. 24. E.
Lat. 65. 45. N.
Kemi, s-p. Finland, in East Bothnia, on the
Kemi, about 3 miles from its mouth ; it gives
name to a district, called Harad ; 10 E. Tornea.
Lon. 24. 27. E. Lat. 66. 49. N.
Kemijan, X. Hind., Bahar; 31 SSW. Patna.
Keminoom, X. Africa, Fooladoo, on the Koko-
ro ; 95 NW. Kamalia. It is strongly fortified.
Kemiirask, X. Finland, in East Bothnia, at N.
extremity of a considerable lake formed in foe
river Kemi; 90 NE. Kemi. Lon. 27. 14. E. Lat.
66. 42. N.
Kemlik, or GAso;.(an. Ci«s,)t A. Turkey, on
the bay of the sea of Marmora; 20 W. Isriik.
Pop. 2, or 3,000. The Greeks have 8 churches,
a nunnery, and 2 convents, This was formerly
a strong fortress.
Kemmaten, X. Austria; 11 SW. Lintz.
Kemmoo, X. Africa, capital of Kaarta. Lon. 7.
46. W. Lat. 15. 20. N,
Kemnalh, X. Bav. ; 15 ESE. Bayreuth, 26 N.
Amberg. Lon. 11.55. E. Lat. 49: 53. N. Pop.
1,365. Kemnitz, r. Silesia, which runs into the Bo-
ber, 4 S. Lahn, in the principality of Jauer.
Kemnitz, X. Silesia, in Jauer, on a river ofthe
same name ; 6 W. Hirschberg.
Kemnitz, r. Saxony, which runs into the Els
ter, 4 S. Plauen.
Kempaeh, X. Tyrol ; 6 NW. Schwas.
Kempen, X. Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, Cleves ;
15 NE. Ruremond, 17 NW. Dusseldorf. Pop.
2,870. It contains 2 Catholic churches, with
some manufactures. Natives, Thomas a Kempis,
Gelenius, and Hamerhen.
Kempen, or Kempno, X. Pru. Poland ; 32 "3.
Kalisch. Pop. -3,500.
Kempston, parish, Eng., in Bedfordshire; 2
SW. Bedford. Pop. 1,161.
Kempsvilk, v. Princess Anne co. Va., on the
eastern branch of Elizabeth river; 9 ESE. Nor
folk. 'Kempten, X. Hesse ; 1 E. Bingen.
Kempten, (an. Cambodunum,) t. Bavaria, in
Upper Danube, on the river Iller, lately impe
rial ; 36 S. Augsburg, 44 SE. Ulm. Lon. 10. 17.
E. Lat. 47. 43. N. Fop. 5,238. H. 850. It has
a castle, a gymnasium, and a hospital. Near the
town there was formerly a princely abbey.
Kemser, X. Bengal ; 15 SSE. Curruckpour.
Kertsey, v. Eng., Worcestershire ; 5 S. Wor
cester. Here king Henry II. had a palace, and
some time kept his court
Kemskeri, X. Russia, in Tobolsk. Lon. 92. E.
Lat. 57. 25. N.
Ken, r, Scotland, which rises in SW. part of
Dumfriesshire, passes by Dairy, .New Galloway,
fac. in Kircudbrightshire, and1 joins the-Dee in-
KenmoorLoch.

KEN

841

KEN

Ken, r. Eng., which rises about 3 E. Amble
side, in Westmoreland, and runs into foe Irish
sea, about 6 WNW. Lancaster, Lon 2. 48. W.
Lat. 54. 8. N.
Ken, r. Eng., in Devonshire, which runs into
the Ex, near its mouth.
Ken, t. Hind., in Behker ; 20 N. Behker.
Ken,- see Kenn.
Kenamow, ti Hind., Oude ; 30 SSE. Caunpour.
Kenapacontaqua, Indian town, Indiana, on
the Eel river.
Kenapoossan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
in the Sooloo Archipelago. Lon. 120. 23. E.
Lat. 5. 12. N.
Kenarei Havaz,X. Hind., Moultan; 20E. Batnir.
Kenary, small isl. Hind. ; 13 S. Bombay.
Konasserim, see Old Aleppo.
Kenawas, X. Hind., in Kitchwarah ; 17 W.
Sheergur. Kenawha, or Kenhawa, co. W. side of Va.,
bounded NW. by the river Ohio, Mason and
Wood cos., NE. by Harrison and Randolph cos.,
SE. by Greenbrier; Giles, and Tazewell cos.,
SW. and W. by Kentucky ; W. 364. Pop. in
1810, 3,866 ; slaves, 352. Pop. in 1820, 6,399.
Kenawha, or Kenhawa, (Great,) r. Va., which
has its sources in the western part of N. C, and
flows through the western part of Virginia, in a
northwesterly direction, and joins the Ohio at
Point Pleasant, 87 miles below Marietta, and
265 below Pittsburg. It receives Greenbrier
river in foe western part of Monroe co., and
about 40 m. below the junction, it has a re
markable cataract, falling perpendicularly 50
feet. There are salt works on the river, a little
above the town of Charlestown. The river is
navigable most of the year.
Kenawha, (Little,) f. Va. which runs W. into
foe Ohio, 178 miles below Pittsburg.
Kenchesler, v. Eng., Herefordshire ; 6 WNW.
Hereford ; on the river Ine, which runs into
the Wye at Hereford. It is supposed to have
been once a celebrated city, called Ariconium,
where Oif'a had a palace. Nothing remains of
the splendour of Ariconium but a piece of a
temple. All around the city you may easily
trace foe Walls, some stones being left eveiy
where, though overgrown by hedges and tim
ber trees. Many coins and antiquities have
been found.
Kenchres, or Kenkri, (an. Cenchrea,) small s-p.
Eu. Turkey, in the Morea ; 7 W. by S. Corinth.
It contains a cus.tom house and depot belong
ing to the bay of Corinth.
Kendal, p-t. Stark co. Ohio ; 7 WSW. Can
ton, W. 480. It is pleasantly situated on a plain
on Sippo creek, a fine mill stream, which flows
into the Muskingum 2 or 3 miles below the
town. It contains several mills, and a large
woollen manufactory, about 50 dwelling houses,
and is flourishing.
Kendal, or Kirkbyin Kendal, X. Eng., in West
moreland ; 22 N. Lancaster, 256 NNW. Lon
don. Lon. 2. 49. W. Lat. 54. 21. N. Pop. 7,505.
It is situated in a valley surrounded with hills,
on the river Ken ; celebrated for its manufac
tures,, the principal of which are cottons, coarse
Woollen, knit worsted stockings, fish-hooks, fac.
It has a large weekly market on Saturday ; near
it are the remains of an ancient castle.
Vol. I. 106

Render, X. Hind., in Sehaurunpour; 10 N.
Sehaurunpour. Kender, X. Curdistan ; 28 SW. Betlis.
Kendsadam, X. Turkestan, on the Sir ; 80 NW.
Tashkund. Kenduskeag, r. Maine, which runs into Pe
nobscot, at Bangor.
Kendy, X. Bengal ; 50 NNE. Ramgur. Lon.
85. 6. E. Lat. 24. 16. N.
Keni, or Kena, (an. Cane, or Ccenopolis,)" t.
Egypt, on E. bank of the Nile, opposite to
Dendera. Lon. 30. 22. E. Lat. 26. 2. N. Here
is a manufacture of black earthern ware. The
caravans assemble here in their journey to
Coseir. Kenefi X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 45 N. Herat.
Kenenavish Indians, in N. A. about the heads
of the Yellowstone. No. 5,000.
Kenera, mt. on Salsette, near Bombay, cele
brated for the number and extent of its exca
vations. Kenghevar, (an. Concobar,) X. Persia/ in Irak,
on a river which runs into foe Karasu, 240 NW.
Ispahan, 150 NE. Bagdad. Lon. 47. 10. E. Lat.
34. 20. N.
Kenhawa Saline, p-v. Kenawha co. V. ; W.
360. Kenilworth, called by corruption Kitlihgworth;
t. Eng., in Warwickshire; 5 N. Warwick; 6
SSW. Coventry, 101 NW. London. Lon. 1. 35.
W. Lat. 52. 21. N. Pop. 2,279. It consists
chiefly of an irregular street nearly a mile in
length, and has considerable manufactures of
horn combs, and a market on Wednesday.
The town is chiefly noted for its magnificent
castle, which, along with its extensive chase
and park, formed at one time the pride and or
nament of this part of the kingdom. It was
originally founded by Geoffrey de Clinton,
chamberlain and treasurer to Henry I. Most
of the buildings, of which remains,are yet visi
ble, were erected by John of Gaut, father of
Henry IV. It continued in the possession ofthe
crown till the time of Elizabeth, Who conferred1
it on Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester. He en
larged and adorned it at the expense of £60,000
sterling, and afterwards entertained the queen
here for 1 7 days, in a style of extraordinary mag
nificence. The area within the walls ofthe castld
contained 7 acres, and foe circuit of the walls,
manors, parks, and chase, was 19 or 20 miles.
The building was greatly demolished during
the civil wars ; and the remains of the castle
now present one of the most splendid and pic
turesque wrecks of castellated strength in Eng
land, and impart a melancholy grandeur to the
town and neighbourhood.
Kenjar, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 30 SW. Patna.
Kenker, see Caggar.
Kenlet, r. Wales, whioh runs into the Tanot,
in SE. part of Denbighshire.
Kenmare, X. Ireland, in Kerry, at foe mouth
of a river of the same name ; 12 S. Killarney:
It is small, but neatly built.
Kenmare River, r. or arm of the Atlantic, on
the coast of Ireland, which extends about 20
miles in length, and about 3 in breadth, situat
ed at SW. side of Kerry. It affords a safe and
capacious harbour, but little frequented. The
mouth is situated'. Lon. 9. 57. W. Lat 51. 40. N.

KEN

842

KEN

Kenmore, parish, Scot., in Perthshire, on an
isthmus, which projects into the E. extremity
of Loch Tay, over which is a bridge in the
road to Inverary ; 35 SE. Inverary, 76 N. Ed
inburgh. Pop. 3,624.
Kenn, or Ken, (an. Kalaia,) isl. in the Per
sian gulf, opposite to Charak. Lon. 53. 40. E.
Lat. 26. 21. N. It is 4 miles long and 2 broad,
of marine formation, low, and abounding in
coral. It contains about 50 families, and has
been recently fixed upon for a commercial em
porium of the Persian gulf, instead of Gam-
broon, now fallen to decay.
Kenni, see Kene.
Kennebeccasius, c. New Brunswick, which
runs into the St John, Lon. 66. 5. W. Lat. 45.
25. N.
Kennebec, co. Maine, bounded N. by Somer
set co., E. by Penobscot and Hancock cos., S.
by Lincoln co.. and W. by Oxford co. Pop. in
1810,32,364; in 1820, 42,623. Chief towns,
Augusta, Hallowell, Gardiner, and Waterville.
Kennebec, r. Maine, next to Penobscot, foe
largest in the state. It has two principal
branches, the eastern and western. The former
rises from Moosehead lake, and the latter, call
ed Dead river, interlocks with the sources of
the Chaudiere, with which it is connected by a
portage of only 5 miles. The two branches
unite about 20 miles below Moosehead lake ;
and foe river afterwards pursues a southerly
course, and flows into the Atlantic, between
Phippsburg and Georgetown, a league from Se-
guin island. It is joined by the Androscoggin,
18 miles from the sea. The tide flows up as
far as Augusta, and the river is navigable for
ships to Bath, 12 miles ; for vessels of 150 tons
to Hallowell, 40 miles, for sloops to Augusta, 2
miles further ; and for boats to Waterville, 18
miles above Augusta.
The most considerable falls on the Kenne
bec, are Teconrc falls, between Waterville and
Winslow ; Skouhegan falls, between Bloom
field and Canaan ; Norridgewock falls, between
Anson and Madison ; and Karatunk falls, be
tween Emden and Solon. There are 3 bridges
across this river, one at Augusta, one connect
ing Canaan and Bloomfield, and one at Nor-
j-idgewock. — The country watered by theKen-
" nebec generally consists of excellent land ; it
is one of the best grazing districts in New Eng
land ; and there are upon the banks ofthe river,
a number of handsome and flourishing towns ;
among which are Bath, Gardiner, Hallowell,
Augusta, Waterville, Bloomfield, and Norridge
wock. Kennebunk, p-t. fa port of entry, York CO.,
Maine, near the mouth of the river of the same
name ; 10 S. Saco, 18 N. by E. York, 25 SSW.
Portland, W. 529. Lon. 70. 32. W. Lat. 43. 23.
N. Pop. 2,145. It is situated on Wells bay.
The river Mousum flows through foe town into
the bay, and Kennebunk river flows on the
eastern side dividing Kennebunk from Arundel.
It contains a bank, an insurance office, 2 houses
of public worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and
1 for Baptists ; a printing office, a cotton man
ufactory, and valuable mills. It has consider-,
able trade; the principal article of export is
limber, The shipping belonging to this port,

in 1816, amounted to 10,625 tons, principally em
ployed in the West India and European trade.
The principal harbour is at the mouth of the
Kennebunk, which is somewhat obstructed by
a sandbar and ledge. In 1820, the sum of #6,000
was granted by Congress, to build a pier at the
mouth of the river. Kennebunk was incorpo
rated in 1820 ; till then it was a parish of Wells.
Kennebunk, r. Maine, which runs into the sea,
at Kennebunk, forming a good harbor.
Kennery, small isl. near the coast of Malabar,
surrounded with a wall and towers. Lat. 18.
42. N.
Kennet, X. Chester co., Pa. Pop. 1,032.
Kennet's Square, p-v. Chester co., Pa. ; W. 130.
Kennet, r. Eng., which rises in a village of
the same name, about four miles from Marlbo
rough in Wiltshire, passes by Marlborough,
Hungerford, and Newbury, from whence it is
made navigable to foe Thames, which it joins,
a little below Reading.
Kenoncheque, see Masquelonge.
Kennoway, X. Scot., in Fifeshire ; 5 ESE,
Falkland. Pop. 1,466.
Kenock, or Koncque, or Qnanocque, fort fa v.
Flanders, built at the union of the rivers Isare
and Yperlee ; 10 NW. Ypres, 10 SE. Nieuport.
Pop. 659.
Kenpou, r. Thibet, which runs into the San-
poo, in the kingdom of Ava.
Kensey, r. Eng., in Cornwall, which joins the
Tamar soon after its rise.
Kensington, x. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 20
SW. Portsmouth. Pop. 709.
Kensington, v. EDg. ; 2 W. London. Here
is a royal palace, which bears no external
marks of magnificence, though some of foe
apartments are grand, and furnished with a few
good paintings by capital masters. Genteel
families reside there by permission of the king.
The gardens are 3 j miles in circumference.
Pop. 10,886.
Kensingen, see Kenlzingen.
Kent, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct., on the Housaton
ic ; 17 W. Litchfield, W. 325. Pop. 1,956.
Kent, co. R. I., bounded N. by Providence
co., E. by Narraganset bay, S. by Washington
co., and W. by Connecticut. Pop. in 1810,
9,834; in 1820, 10,228. Chief town, Warwick.
Kent, p-t. Putnam co. N. Y., on N. side of Car
mel, W. 280. Pop. 1,801.
Kent, co., E. part of Md., bounded N. by Ce
cil co., E. by Delaware, S. by Queen Anne co.,
and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 11,453 ; slaves
4,249. Chief town, Chester.
Kent, co., Delaware, bounded N. by Delaware
bay, S. by Sussex co., and W. by Maryland,
Pop. 20,793 ; slaves 728. Chief town, Dover.
Kent, the largest island in Chesapeake bay, in
Queen Anne's co. Md., opposite to Annapolis.
It is 12 miles long.
Kent, co. Eng., bounded N. by foe Thames,
which separates it from Essex, E. fa SE. by the
English channel, S. by Sussex, and W. by Sur
ry. About 60 miles in length from E. to W.,
and from 30 to 38 from N. to S. Sq. m. 1,460.
It is divided into 63 hundreds, which contain 2
cities, (Canterbury and Rochester,) and 24
market-towns, among which, Deptford, Wool
wich, Greenwich, Gravesend, Sheerness, Mar-

KEN

843

KEN

gate, Ramsgate, Dover, Chatham, Deal, Maid
stone, fac. The general aspect of this countiy
is very beautiful, from the extreme diversity of
the surface, and the richness and variety of the
scenery. It is essentially an agricultural coun
ty, and almost every department of husbandry
is prosecuted extensively and with great success.
The climate is mild, and the soil generally fer
tile. Besides the various agricultural products,
it is noted for its excellent wheat and hops.
Pop. 373,095. Families employed in agricul
ture 27,077 ; in trade and manufactures 27,996 ;
otherwise 21,192.
Kentaisse, mt. Thibet, between the heads of
the Ganges and the Sanpoo. Lon. 80. 49. E.
Lat 30. 40. N.
Kenton, X. Eng., in Northumberland ; 3 NW.
Newcastle. Pop. 885.
Kentshain, mt. Thibet ; 3 E. Sarangpour.
KENTUCKY, one of the U. S., bounded N.
by the river Ohio, which separates it from Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois, E. by Virginia, S. by
Virginia and Tennessee, and W. by the river
Mississippi. Lon. 81. 50. to 89. 20. W. Lat.
36. 30. to 39. 10. N. ; 300 miles long, and from
40 to 180 broad. Sq. m. 42,000. Pop. in 1790,
73,677 ; in 1800, 220,959 ; in 1810, 406,511 ; and
in 1820, 564,317. Free white males 226,696.
Free white females 210,948. Slaves 128,732.
Persons engaged in agriculture 132,161 ; in man
ufactures 11,779 ; in commerce 1,617. Militia
52,883. TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE.
Chief towns.

Counties.
AdairAllen
BarrenBath
Boone Bracken
Brackenridge Bourbon Butler
Bullet ClarkeCasey
Campbell ChristianCumberland Clay
CaldwellDavies
Estill
FayetteFranklin Fleming
Floyd GallatinGrantGreenupGreenGraysonGarrardHartHarlan
Henry
Harrison
Henderson
Harden
Hopkins

8,7655,327
10,328 7,961 6,542
5,280
7,485
17,664 3,0835,831
11,449 4,3497,022
10,459 8,0504,393 9,022
3,876
3,507
23,250 11,024
12,186
^ 8,207
m 7,075 1,805
4,311
11,943 4,055
10,851 4,184 1,961
10,816
12,278 5,714
10,498 5,322

ColumbiaScottsvilleGlasgow OwingsvilleBurlington Augusta
Hardensburgh Paris Morgantown
Shepherdsville
WinchesterLiberty
NewportHopkinsville
Burkesville ManchesterEddyvilleOwensborough
ErvineLexingtonFrankfort
Flemingsburg
PrestonvillePort William
GreenupsburgGreensburghLitchfield
Lancaster

Newcastle Cythiana
Henderson Elizabeth Town
Madisonvilfe

Counties
JessamineJefferson Knox Livingston
Lewis
Lincoln LoganMason
MercerMadisonMonroeMuhlenburghMontgomery
NicholasNelsonOhioOwen
PulaskiPendletonRockcastle ScottShelbySimpsonTrigg
ToddUnionWayneWashingtonWarrenWhitleyWoodford

Pop. 9,297
20,768 3,661
5,8243,973 9,979
14,42313,58815,587
15,954 4,956
4,979 9,5877,973
16,273 3,8792,0317,597
3,0862,249
14,219
21,047 4,8523,874 5,089
3,470 7,951
15,947.11,776 2,340
12,207

Chief towns.
Nicholasville Louisville
Barboursville SmithlandClarksburg
Stanford
RussellvilleWashingtonDanvilleRichmondGreenville
Mount Sterling
CarlisleBairdstown HartfordSummerset
FalmouthMount Vernon
GeorgetownShelbyville

Morganfield MonlicelloSpringfield
Bowling-green
Versailles

564,317
Towns. Frankfort is the seat of govern
ment, Lexington and Louisville are the largest
towns. The other most considerable towns
are Maysville, Washington, Bairdstown, Paris,
Danville, Russellville, Georgetown, and New
port. Education, fyc. There is a college at Lexing
ton, and another has been incorporated at Dan
ville. Academies are established at Augusta,
Cynthiana, Frankfort, Georgetown, Greensburg,
Harrodsburg, Louisville, Newport, Paris, Rus
sellville, Versailles, Washington, fac. The leg
islature has made an apropriation of lands for
the support of public schools, in every county,
but these appropriations, in many instances,
have been injudiciously managed, and have, in
some cases, turned to little account. Baptists,
Methodists, and Presbyterians, are the most
numerous denominations of Christians in Ken
tucky. Government. The legislature is composed of
a senate, consisting of 38 members, chosen by
districts, for 4 years ; and a house of represen
tatives, riot exceeding 100, chosen annually.
The governor and lieutenant governor are
chosen by the people for 4 years, but are not
eligible for the succeeding 7 years. The legis
lature meets on the 1st Monday in November.
Rivers. The principal rivers of Kentucky
are the Ohio, which flows along the state 637
miles, following its windings ; foe Mississippi,
Tennessee, Cumberland, Kentucky, Green,
Licking, Big Sandy, Salt, and Rolling.
Face of the country, soil, fyc. Cumberland
mountains form foe southeast boundary of
this state. The eastern counties, bordering on

KEN

844

KEP

Virginia, are mountainous and broken. A tract
from 5 to 20 miles wide, along the banks of the
Ohio, is hilly and broken land, interspersed
with many fertile valleys. Between this strip,
Green river, and the eastern counties, lies what
has been called the garden of the state. This
is the most populous part, and is about 150
miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide, comprising
the counties of Mason, Fleming, Montgomery,
Clarke, Bourbon, Fayette, Scott, Harrison,
Franklin, Woodford, Mercer, Jessamine, Mad
ison, Garrard, Logan, Casey, Lincoln, Wash
ington, and Green. It is watered by Kentucky,
Licking, Little Sandy, and Salt rivers, and
their numerous branches. The soil is excellent,
and the surface is agreeably diversified, gently
rising and descending. These lands produce
black walnut, black cherry, honey locust, buck
eye, pawpaw, sugar maple, mulberry, elm, ash,
Cottonwood, white thorn, with an abundance
of grape vines. There is a tract of country in
the southwestern part of the state, E. and N. of
Cumberland river, and watered by Green and
Barren rivers, about 100 miles in extent, called
tAe barrens, which, a few years since, was a
beautiful prairie, destitute of timber. It is now
covered with a young growth of various kinds
of trees. These, however, do not prevent the
growth of grass, and an almost endless variety
of plants, which are in bloom during the whole
ofthe spring and summer; when the whole re
gion is a wilderness of foe most beautiful flow
ers. The soil is of an excellent quality, being a
mixture of clay, loam, and sarid. Through this
country there runs a chain of conical hills, call
ed knobs. It is also distinguished for some most
stupendous caves. This country, sometimes
called the Green river country, is now rapidly
settling. . The principal towns in it are Russell
ville, Bowling Green, and Hopkinsville.
Curiosities. Ancient fortifications fa mounds
of earth are found in almost all parts of
Kentucky. The cave3 in the southwestern
part of the state are great curiosities. One,
styled Mammoth cave, 130 miles from Lex
ington, on the road leading to Nashville, is said
to be 8 or 10 miles in length, with a great
number of avenues and windings. Earth strong
ly impregnated with nitre is found in most of
these caves, and there are many establishments
for manufacturing it. From 100 lbs. of earth,
50 lbs. of nitre have frequently been obtained.
A number of the rivers in this state have exca
vated the earth, so as to form abrupt precipices,
deep glens, and frightful gulfs. The precipices
formed by Kentucky river are in many places
awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular banks
of 300 feet of solid limestone, surmounted with
a steep and difficult ascent, four times as high.
The banks of Cumberland river are less precipi
tous, but equally depressed below the surface of
the surrounding country.
Productions. Wheat, tobacco, and hemp, are
the staple productions. Indian corn is, howev
er, the principal grain raised for home consump
tion. Rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax, pota
toes, fac. are cultivated. Apples, pears, peaches,
cherries, and plums are the most common
fruits. Domestic animals are large and beauti
ful, and particularly the horse.

Minerals. Marble of excellent quality abounds,
and the whole state may be said to repose on a
bed of limestone. Salt and iron are among the
minerals of this state. The most extensive
works for the manufacture of salt, established
W. of the Alleghany mountains, are on the
waters of Kentucky. These supply not only
this state, but , a great part of Ohio and Ten
nessee. Manufactures. Kentucky, from its position,
has become a manufacturing state. The amount
of manufactured articles, in 1810, exceeded
$ 10,000,000. Of this sum, the looms produced
$ 2,657,081 ; salt works, $ 325,870 ; rope walks,
$ 393,400 ; maple sugar, $ 303,932.
Kentucky, r. Kentucky, which rises in SE. part
of the state, and runs NW. into the Ohio, 77 m.
above the rapids at Louisville. It is navigable
in the winter for small boats, about 180 miles.
The current is rapid, and banks high and rocky.
Kentucky, (Little,) r. Kentucky, which runs
into the Ohio, 3 miles W. of Kentucky river.
Kentucky, (Indian,) r. Indiana, which runs
into the Ohio, Lon. 85. 38. W. Lat. 38. 34. N.
Kentz, or Kenty, X. Aust. Galicia ; 30 SW.
Cracow. Pop. 2,000.
Kentzingen, X. Baden, about a mite E. of the
Rhine ; 13 NW. Freyburg. Pop. 2,125.
Kenveney, i. Eng., which runs into the Usk,
a little below Abergavenny.
Kenz, v. Anterior Pomerania, with a mineral
spring, near Bath.
. Keogang, the most westerly of the branches
or mouths of the river Ava, in Pegu, which
runs into the sea, near Cape Negrais.
Keoualtcha, X. Chinese Tartary; 23 N. Pe-
toune Hotun.
Keowee, r. S. C, which unites with the Tuge-
loo, below Hattenford, to form the Savannah.
Keowee, X. S. C, on a river of the same name ;
63 NW. Petersburg. Lon. 82. 55. W. Lat. 34.
42. N.
Keozee, X. Birmah, on the Irrawaddy ; 15 NE.
Pagahan. Lon. 94. 50. E. Lat. 21. 19. N It is
a neat town, and contains some handsome tem
ples. Kepeldee, X. Hind., Nayrs ; 30 E. Tellichery.
Kepher Kenna, see Cana.
Kepherhoua, v. Syria, near which are the ru
ins of a building called the sepulchre of Nim-
rod ; 27 S. Damascus.
Keplers, v. Berks co. Pa.; 21 NNW. Reading.
Keppu-Daghi, (an. Capotes,) mt. A. Turkey,
in Sivas ; 60 E. Sivas.
Keppd's Bay, bay of the S. Pacific ocean, on
NE. coast of New Holland. Lon. 150. 35. E.'
Lat. 23. 28. S.
Keppel's Island, or Traitor island, isl. in the S.
Pacific ocean. Lon. 172. 33. to 175. 13. W.
Lat. 15. 53. S.
Keppel's Island, small isl. on N. side of the
most westerly of the Falkland islands, in the S.
Atlantic. Lon. 60. 15. W. Lat. 51. 24. S.
Keppel's Island, one of those called Queen
Charlotte's Islands, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Lon.
194. 56. W. Lat. 10. 15. S.
Keppel's Islands, group of islands near NE.
coast of New Holland. Lon. 209. 11. W. Lat.
25. S. S.
Keppritzbach, r. Saxony, which runs into the
Elbe, near Meissen.

KER

845

KER

Kepse, t. Syria, on the coast of the Mediter
ranean, and N. side of the mouth ofthe Oron
tes, about a mile from the sea ; and remarkable
as it is the spot where the ancient Sekucia Pie-
rim stood, a place of a most extraordinary situ
ation, of great natural strength, and well forti
fied by art.
Kept, see Keft.
Kepla, X. Bootan ; 24 S.^Tassasudon.
Ker, mt. Algiers; 3 W. Arzew.
Ker, see Akkar.
Kerah, see Karasu.
Keramo, (an. CeramusJ X. A. Turkey, in Na
tolia; 24 SSE. Milets.
Kerali, X. Caramania ; 26 NW. Beishehir.
Keralia, X. Livadia ; 24 SSE. Athens.
Keraun, X. Lahore ; 15 WNW. Giijurat.
Kerbeh, X. Natolia ; 44 NE. Ismid.
Kerbela, see Meschid Hosain.
Kerbooza, X. Lahore ; 32 SE. Attock.
Kercal, X. Africa, in Fez, on the coast of foe
Mediterranean ; 45 ESE. Tetuan.
Kerch, or Kertsch, in Russian Vaspor, (an.
Panticapaum, and Bosphorus,) X. fa fortress,
Russia, in Tauris, on the channel between the
Black sea, and the sea of Azoph ; 100 ESE.
Perekop. Lon. 36. 14. E. Lat. 45. 16. N. Pop.
400, exclusive of the garrison. This fortress
and that of Jenikale, 12 miles NE., are of great
importance, commanding the passage from the
Black sea to foe sea of Azoph.
Kercha, X. Persia, Chusistan ; 30 NW. Suster.
Kercolang, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 80
miles in circ, inhabited by Malays. Lon. of N.
extremity, 126. 30. E. Lat. 4. 28. N.
Kerda, X. Sweden, Smaland; 38 WNW. Wexio.
Kerdecan, t. Persia, in Kerman ; 22 NW.
Kerman. Kerdestan,X Persia, Chusistan; 90ESE. Suster.
Kerdiz, X. Cabulistan ; 70 E. Ghizni, 65 SW.
Cabul. Keredge, X. Persia, in Irak ; 15 SW. Sava.
Kerede, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 119. 52. E.
Lat 42. 14. N.
Kerelo, X. Transylvania, on foe Maros ; 20
WNW. Schesburg.
Kerempiburun, (an. CarambisJ cape on north
coast of Natolia, on a neck of land, which runs
into the Black sea ; called Cape Crempe in the
maps. Lon. 33. 10. E. Lat. 42. 45. N.
Keren, X. Persia, Irak ; 45 W. Kermansha.
Kerensk, see Kirensk.
Keres, (an. CrisiusJ r. Hungary, which runs
into the Danube, near Csongrad.
Keresbanja, X. Transylvania ; 44 SSW. Colos
var, 52 NE. Temesvar. Lat. 46. 16. N.
Keresoun, or Keresount, (an. Cerasus, Cerasa-
pontum, or Pharnacia,) X. Turkish Armenia, at
the mouth of a river of the same name, which
runs into the Black sea; anciently a city of
Pontus ; 125 WSW. Erzerum, 75 SW. Trebi
sond. Lat. 55. 58. N. Pop. 25,000. Greek abp.
see. It has a castle, a small harbour, and some
trade in silk and fruit.
Keresztur, or Bodrogh Keresztur, X. Hungary,
in Semplin ; 6 S. Canischa. Lon.21.22.E. Lat.
48.9.N. Pop. 4,000.
Keresztur, t. Transylvania ; 36 N. Schesburg,
54 NE. Colosvar.
Kent, r. Russia, which runs into the Volchov,
4 N. Novgorod.

Kent, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on the
White sea; 148 S.Kola.
Keretskoi, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on the
coast of the White sea ; 32 N. Archangel.
Kergetein, t. Moravia; 14 S. Olmutz. Pop.
2,800. Kergong, X. Hind., Candeish ; 45 S. Indore.
Kerguelen's Land, or Island of Desolation, isl.
in the S. Indian ocean, discovered by Kergue-
Ien, a Frenchman ; and visited in the year 1779,
by Captain Cook, who gave it the latter name,
from its appearance. None but amphibious
animals were discovered, and few vegetables.
This land occupies about 1^ deg. of Lat., and
probably about 2 of Lon. Lon. 69. 30. E. Lat.
49. 20. S.
Kerig, r. N. Wales, which runs into the Dovy,
about two miles above Machynlleth, in Mont
gomery. Kerigar, X. Hind., in Oude ; 80 N. Lucknow,
80 E. Bereilly.
Kerikerd, X. Persia, Chusistan ; 15 N. Suster.
Kerimgunge, X. Bahar ; 24 ESE. Hajypour.
Kerin, r. Chinese Tartary, which runs into
the Amur, Lon. 136. 44. E. Lat. 50. 44. N.
Keriog, r. N. Wales, which runs into the Dee,
5 S. Wrexham, in Denbighshire.
Kerion, X. Thibet ; 24 NW. Serangpour. Lon.
83. E. Lat. 32. 35. N.
Kerist, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 106 SSE. Schiras.
Kerka, X. Persia, Chusistan ; 45 W. Tostar.
Kerka, (an. TitiusJ r. Dalmatia, which runs
into foe Adriatic, near Sebenico.
Kerkelan, X. A. Turkey, in Sivas ; 30 WSW.
Amasieh. Kerkeni, small near east coast of Tunis. Lon.
11. 12. E. Lat. 34. 59. N.
Kerker, X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia, on foe Eu
phrates ; 30 S. Malatia.
Kerkes, mt. Grand Bukharia ; 40 SW. Badash-
kan. Kerkha, X. Persia, in Chusistan, on the Karasu ;
15 N. Suster.
Kcrkil, or Ghergil, X. Curdistan ; 35 SSE.
Amadieh. Kerkisia, range of mountains in A. Turkey,
extending from Kerkisia, to near Ourfa.
Kerkisia, or Kerkisieh, (an. Carshemish, and
CircesiumJ X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, now in
a state of decay ; 8 N. Rabba. Lon. 40. 10. E.
Lat. 35. 18. N.
Kerkoni, X. Georgia ; 25 SW. Teflis.
Kerkuk, or Kerkook, (an. Demetrias, and Co-
racuraj X. Curdistan, capital of a government,
and residence of a pacha ; 85 ESE. Mosul, 150
N. Bagdad. Lon. 43.42. E. Lat. 35. 59. N. Pop.
13,000. It is surrounded with walls, and de
fended by a castle, and has 12 mosques. The
houses are mean, and the streets narrow and
dirty. Kerkwyck, X. Neth., Guelders ; 2 S. Bommel.
Kerleh, circar, Hind ., in Berar, NW. of Goond-
wana, and SE. of Hindia and Bopaltol.
Kerloak Hill, hill, Scot., in the county of
Kincardine; 9 W. Stonehaven.
Kerion, r. Chinese Tartary, which rises about
Lon. 109. 10. E- Lat. 49. N., and runs into lake
Coulon, Lon. 116. 40. E. Lat. 48. 52. N., after
which it takes the name o( Argun, or Ergone,
Kerman, (an. CarmaniaJ pr. Persia, bounded

KER

84G

KES

N. by Segestan, E. by Mecran, S. by the Persian
gulf, and W. by Farsistan. The N. part is bar-
ren,and nearly desert, without rivers or brooks,
and the air unhealthy ; towards the S. the air
is more pure, and the land fertile. The Guebres
are numerous ; and are chiefly employed in
manufactures of stuffs and silk. Here are some
mines of copper, lead, and iron. Kerman and
Bumm are the chief towns.
Kerman, or Sirgian, (an. Carmona,) X. Persia,
capital of the province of Kerman ; 150 E.
Schiras, 280 3E. Ispahan. Lon. 56. 10. E. Lat.
29. 30. N. Pop. about 20,000. It is defended
by a high mud wall, a dry ditch, and a citadel.
It has considerable manufactures and trade ;
the former consisting in shawls, matchlocks,
carpets, and pottery. It was once one of the
proudest cities in Persia, being the great em
porium of trade carried on from the northern
provinces with India, by Gombroon, but it has
suffered greatly by domestic and foreign war.
The most dreadful disaster befel it in 1794,
when it was taken and plundered by Aga Mah-
omen Khan. The finest edifices were levelled
with the ground, many of its inhabitants were
slain, and 30,000 sent into exile. Its present
aspect is ruinous.
Kermana, t. Hind., Oude ; 40 E. Bahraitch.
Kermanchach, or Kermanchaw, city, Persia,
in Irak; 110 NE. Bagdad. Lon. 44. E. Lat. 34.
14. N. H. variously stated at from 3, to 12,000,
and Pop. estimated at 9,000. It is the capital
of an extensive province. It is fortified ; but
the streets are narrow and dirty, and the houses
mean. The surrounding country abounds in
fruits and grain.
Kermanshir, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 130 SE.
Sirgian. Lon. 58. 50. E. Lat. 28. 20. N.
Kermantschuk, X. Circassia, near which the
Mogul Tartars were surprised by the Russians,
in 1783, and defeated with great loss.
Kermesin, X. Persia, in Kerman ; 160 SE.
Sirgian, 180 ENE. Gombroon.
Kermel-su, r. A. Turkey, in Aladulia, which
runs into the Geihoun ; 15 W. Marasch.
Kermilis, see Karmelis.
Kermise, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 65 SSE. Ja-
mama. Kern el Hutin, mt. Palestine, from whence,
it is said, our Saviour delivered his divine ser
mon ; called the Mountain of Beatitudes ; 10 N.
Tabor. Kernascleden, X. France, in Morbihan ; 6 ESE.
La Faouet, 12 N. Hennebon.
Kernbulg, one of the Treshanish islands. Lon.
6 23. W. Lat. 56. 33. N.
Kernsville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. ; 127
Harrisburg, W. 209.
Kerona, X. Hind., in Gobud ; 15 N. Datteah.
Kerowly, X. Hind., in Agra ; 26 ESE. Rantatn-
pour; 74 SW. Agra. Lat. 26. 27. N.
Kerpel, r. Russia, which runs into the sea of
Azoph, 32 N. Kopiel.
Kerpen, t. Pru. Lower Rhine ; 10 ESE. Ju
liers. Lon. 6. 41. E. Lat. 50. 25. N. Pop. 1,515.
Kerrah, X. Hind., in Guzerat, on the gulf of
Cambay ; 65 SSW. Gogo.
Kerrera, one of the smaller Western Islands
of Scotland, near the coast of Argyle ; 12 S.
Lis more. Lon. 5. 32. W. Lat 56. 23. N.

Kent, t. Arabian Irak, at the conflux of the
Tigris and Euphrates ; 50 NW. Bassorah.
Kenoo, X. Visiapour ; 12 NW. Baddammy.
Keroudar, X. Hind., Delhi ; 5 NW. Panrtiput
Kerry, co. Ireland, in Munster; bounded N.
by the river Shannon, E. by Limerick fa Cork,
S. by Cork and the sea, and W. by the sea ;
about 54 miles from N. to S., and from 18 to 40
from E. to W. Pop. about 140,000. Kerry is
full of mountains, almost inaccessible ; so that
a large part of it is hardly fit for habitation or
culture, consequently but little corn is produced ;
grazing is more attended to, and butter in con
siderable quantities is exported, as well as beef,
hides, and tallow. Tralee is the county town.
Kerry Head, cape, Ireland, in Kerry; 11NW.
Tralee. Lon. 9. 48. W. Lat. 52. 23. N.
Kerry Point, cape, Ireland, on the coast of
Down, in the Irish sea. Lon. 5. 23. W. Lat 54.
22. N.
Kers, X. Tyrol, on the Inn ; 12 NE. Landeck.
Kerschau, X. Istria ; 16 NNE. Pedena. Pop,
801. Kersempe, X. Natolia ; 4 NE. Amasieh.
Kerseos, now Coradge.
Kershaw, district, S. C, NE. ofthe Wateree.
Pop. in 1810, 9,876 ; slaves 4,847. Pop. in 1820,
12,432 ; slaves 6,692. Chief town, Camden.
Kertch, see Kerch.
Kertz, mt. Transylvania, bordering on Wala
chia. Kerlzendorf t. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam;
9 SE. Potsdam.
Kertzhofen, X. Bavaria ; 4 N. Aichstatt.
Kerua, X. Persia, Kerman ; 90 SSW. Sirgian.
Kenerdonk, X. Pru. Cleves ; 7 N. Gueldres, 8
SSE. Cleves. Pop. 1,421.
Kervignac, X. France, in Morbihan ; 6 NE.
L'Orient. Keniker, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia ; 28 SW.
Aphiom-Kara-hissar. Kery, r. S. Wales, which runs into the Tivy,
about 7 miles above Cardigan.
Keryi, X. Hind., in Baglana ; 25 W. Nassuck.
Kesalax, X. Finland ; 84 SSE. Kuopio.
Kesaw, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 48 SSW. Patna.
Kesbali, t. Bengal ; 23 SSE. Moorshedabad.
Keschim, or Kesem, s-p. Arabia, and residence
of a sovereign prince, in Hadramaut, with a
port on the Arabian sea. Lon. 50. 2. E. Lat. 15.
20. N.
Kesconsian,X. Persia ; 9 SSW. Kerman.
Keskou-kiamen, post, Chinese Tartary ; 20
SW. Tchahan Soubarken.
Keselbauden, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 18
NNE. Gitschin.
Keseldorf X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 10 E.
Gitschin. Kesch, or Kech, or Sebz, X. Grand Bukharia,
and capital of a district, of which Timur Bee
was appointed governor, in 1360; 30 S. Sa
marcand. Lon. 64. 10. E. Lat. 39. 10. N. Here
was a kind of university for the study of sciences
and law. Timur made it his ordinary summer
residence, and declared it the second seat of
his empire ; he surrounded it with walls, and
built a new palace, in 1379. It was otherwise
called Chaber Sebz, or the Green City, from the
verdure of the gardens and meadows, celebrat
ed for rare and beautiful plants. It v.'as also

KET

847

KEX

called Coubbet Elilmi Veladeb, which signifies
foe dome of science and virtue.
KesAont, t. Grand Bukharia; 70 WSW. Ba-
dashkan. Kesho, see Cachao.
Kesirmak, X. Russia, in Podolia, near the
Dniester ; 72 S. Braclaw.
Keskebeh, X. Natolia ; 20 NE. Eskishehr.
Kesker, or Kurab, (an. CyropotisJ X. Persia, in
Ghilan, on the coast of the Caspian sea ; 25
NW. Reshd.
Kesmark, or Kasmark, or Kaisermak, X. Hun
gary, in Zips, on the Foprad ; 3 NNW. Leuts-
chau, 164 NNE. Presburg. Lon. 20. 27. E. Lat.
49. 8. N. Pop. 4,322. It contains 2 Cath. chh.,
1 Luth. ch., and a Luth. gymnasium. It has
manufactures of linen and woollen. It is situ
ated near the Carpathian mountains, and in the
vicinity is a famous summit 8,508 feet high.
Kesocotty, t. Thibet ; 40 S. Gangotri.
Kesoo, t. Hind., Lahore ; 25 ENE. Jullindar.
KesrekuprijX. Turkey, in Caramania ; 24 SSE.
Kir-shehr. Kessel, (an. Castellum MenapiorumJ X. Neth.,
in Guelderland, on W. side ofthe Meuse ; 7 N.
Ruremond. Kessel See, lake, Carinthia ; 6 N. Welach.
Kesselgong, t. Bengal ; 6 NE. Conchong.
Kesseldorf X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 7 W.Dres
den. Pop. 250. Here the troops of Saxony were
defeated by the king of Prussia, in 1745.
Kessilgum, r. Wales, which runs into the Avon,
2 miles below Dolgelly, in Merioneth.
Kesten, t. Syria; 25 W. Aleppo.
Kestenus, X. Natolia ; 20 S. Amasieh.
Keswick, X. Eng., in Cumberland ; 30 N. Ken
dal, 287 NNW. London. Lon. 3. 2. W. Lat. 54.
1. N: Pop. 1,683. It is situated at NE. part of
the romantic lake of Derwent water, in the
delightful vale of Keswick. It is a neat, little
town, much visited'by strangers, who make the
tour ofthe lakes. There is a market on Satur
day. Keszdi Vasarhely, X. Transylvania, in Haroms-
rek ; 41 N. Cronstadt, 72 ENE. Hermanstadt.
Pop. 5,000.
Keszthely, X. Hungary, in Sala, on foe Platten
sea; 23 S. Vasarhely. Pop. 9,000. H. 1,500. It
contains a Catholic gymnasium, and a Normal
school, and is noted for a seminary for the im
provement of agriculture, called the Georgicon,
liberally patronised by the count Ferstetitz,who
has a library of 15,000 volumes.
Ket, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, at
. Narim. Ket, small r. Scot., which runs by Whitehorn,
in Wigtonshire, and empties itself into foe sea,
near Port Patrick.
Ketah, X. Hind., Allahabad ; 11 N. Jionpour.
Ketakah, X. Hind., in Bahar; 74 SSW. Patna.
Lon. 84. 36. E. Lat. 24. 38. N.
Ketch-hissar, (supposed to be the an. TyanaJ
X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 85 SW. Kaisarieh.
It contains a large manufactory of gunpowder,
and is beautifully surrounded with plantations
of fruit trees, and contains some handsome
ruins. Ketchar-tchou,X. Thibet ; 10 S. Giti.
Ketchani, t. Oxford co. Maine. Pop. 44.
Kelchicten, or Tesicten, country, Chinese Tar

tary, divided into two standards. Lon. 117. 38.
E. Lat. 43. N.
Ketchluk, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 98
NW. Cogni. It is surrounded with fine gardens.
Kelcliou-kiamen, post, Chinese Tartary. Lon.
110. 24. E. Lat. 41. 21. N.
Ketember, small island in E. Indian sea. Lort.
132. 53. E. Lat 6. 12. S.
Kelmebelt, X. Natolia ; 27 E. Pergamo.
Ketoi, one of the small Kurile Islands, in foe
N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 153.38.E. Lat.48.45.N.
Ketsio, t. Sweden, Smaland ; 40 NW. Wexio.
Ketskoi, t. Russia, in ToboHk, on the Ket; 64
SE. Narim.
Ketskemet, X. Hungary ; 46 NNAV. Szegedin,
92 E. Canischa. Lon. 19. 40. E. Lat. 47. 2. N.
Pop. 24,862, mostly Magarians and Sclavonians'.
H. 3,000. It contains 1 Catholic church, 1 Cal-
vinist gymnasium, a college, and military hos
pital ; and has manufactures of soap, leather,
and silk. The property of the district consists
chiefly in sheep and cattle. It is famous for the
cultivation of silk.
Kdteldorf t. Bav.; 2 NW. Heilsbron.
Kettering, X. Eng., in Northamptonshire ; 18
NNE. Northampton, 75 N.London. Lon. 0.44.
W. Lat. 52. 25. N. Fop. 3,011. Here are con
siderable manufactures of tammies, serges, last-
ings, fac. It has a weekly market on Friday.
JCsttte Falls, cataract in the river Utawas, in
Canada ; 90 W. Montreal.
Kettle River, r. Canada, which runs into lake
Erie, Lon. 80. 51. W. Lat. 43. N.
Ketver, X. Grand Bukharia, on a mountain ;
100 S. Badashkan.
Keltwyck, X. Pru. Arensberg ; 3 WNW. Wer-
den. Pop. 1,400.
Ketzin, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 8 NW. Potsdam
Pop.800. Ketzlsdorf X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 12 SE".
Leutmischl. Kevalcotty, X. Thibet ; 68 NW. Sirinagur.
Kevashir, see Bardshir.
Kevenye, r. Wales, in Anglesey, which runs
into the Irish sea, 3 W. Newburgh.
Keukzer, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 40 j-S Jezdkast.
Keula, X. Ger., Schwartzburg Sondershausen ;
11 N. Mulhausen, 14 W. Sondershausen. Pop
1,600. Keulrod, X. Ger. ; 4 NNW. Schleusingen.
Keum, X. Finland, in Wasa; 96 SE.'Wasa.
Kevrol, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe ; 100 SE.
Archangel. Keuschberg, or Kiade, X. Pru. Saxony, remark
able for a victory obtained by Henry the
Fowler over the Huns, in the year 933 ; 6 SE.
Merseburg. Kew, v. Eng., in Surry, in which is a royal
palace, with beautiful and extensive gardens,
situated near the Thames, over which is a hand
some stone bridge ; 6 WSW. London. Lon. 0
: 17. W. Lat. 51. 28. N. Pop. 560.
Kewan, X. Hind.,Ketchwara ; 10 W. Sheergur.
Keweh, X. Natolia, on the Sakaria ; 24 E. Is-
nik. Kexholm, X: Russia, in Viborg ; 40 ENE, Vi
borg, 68 N. Petersburg. Lon. 29. 50. E. Lat. 61.
N. Pop. 350. It is built on 2 islands, at the
mouth of a river, on the side of lake Ladoga
The town is well fortified, and defended bv
a citadel.

KHA

848

KHO

Kexleboda, X. Sweden, in Smaland; 36 SSW.
Wexio. Key, (Great,) small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
about 60 miles in length, and from 5 to 12 in
breadth Lon. 133. 28.. E. Lat. 5. 24. S.
Key, (Little,) isl. in the E. Indian sea, about
60 miles in circ. Lon. 133. 12. E. Lat. 5.52. S.
Keyel, X. Luxemberg; 10 ENE. Echternach.
Keymen, t Silesia, in Neisse ; 6 N. Neisse.
Keynsham, X. Eng., Somerset, near the Avon,
in the road between Bath and Bristol, with a
weekly marketon Thursday ; 5E. Bristol, 115W.
London. Lon. 2. 40. W. Lat. 51.23. N. P. 1,748.
Key Sima, isl. Japan, between Corea and W.
cpast of Niphon.
Key Walela, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about
45 miles in circ. Lon. 138. E. Lat. 5. 36. S.
Key West, or Thompson's Island, see West Key.
Keysd, Szavd, Keszd, or Kuszdu, X. Transyl
vania ; 7 E. by S. Schajshurg. Pop. 2,000,
Keysersheim, see Kaysersheim.
Keyserstul see Kaiserslul.
Keyzer's Bay, bay on S. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 104. 38. £. Lat. 5. 40. N.
Kezemska, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the An
gara ; 40 SW. Ilimsk.
Kezereh, X. Natolia ; 40 E. Castamena.
Kezil, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian
sea, near Reshd.
Kezil, or Khesil, or Khezil, (an. Amardus,) r.
Asia, which rises in the mountains of Bukharia,
NE. of Samarcand, and formerly ran into the
Caspian sea; but the Russians, in 1719, turned
the current into lake Aral, by uniting it with
Jihon. Kezil Agash, X. Persia, in Ghilan ; 20 N. Len-
keran. Kezil-Kaja, X. Natolia ; 25 S. Isbarteh.
Kezin, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 10 W. Krze-
miniec. Kezma, t. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Tun-
guska ; 160 NNW. Ilimsk.
Kezuc, X. Persian Armenia ; 4 S. Erivan.
Khabur, (an. Niceplwrius,) r. Curdistan, which
passes by Betlis, and runs into the Tigris, 15
SE. Gezira.
Kliabur, (an. Chaboras,) r. A. Turkey, which
rises 20 E. Harran, and runs into the Euphrates,
at Kerkisia.
Khadarah, (EIJ or Chadra, X. Algiers, in Tre
mecen, on an eminence near foe river Shellif ;
55 SSW. Algiers, 96 E. Oran. It appears to
have been once a large place, in the opinion of
Doctor Shaw, who saw the ruins about 3 miles
in circumference. The ancient name was pro
bably Zucchabbari, according to Ptolemy ; Suc-
cabar and Colonia Augusta, according to Pliny.
Kliaibar, X. Arabia, in Hedsjas; 120 ENE.
Medina. Lon. 40. 50. E. Lat. 25. 10. N.
Khalil, see Hebron.
Khalils, see Kdlits.
Khami, see Hami.
Khamir, see Chamir.
Khanaka, X. Charasm, on the Gihon ; 90
SSE. Urkonge ; 250 SW. Samarcand.
Khanakee, X. Irak Arabi ; 98 NE. Bagdad.
Near are some magnificent ruins.
Khandeish, see Candeish.
Khangah, (EIJ X. Egypt, formerly a place of
opulence, enriched by the caravans which

passed from Cairo to Syria ; 12 NE. Cairo.
Pop. about 1,000.
Khanudun, see Urmiah.
Khatanga, r. Russia, in Tomsk, which flows
into the Frozen ocean. Length about 50 miles.
Khaloun-serai, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ;
12 S. Cogni.
Khauar, or Chever, t. Persia, in Irak, on a
mountain which bounds the province of Irak
towards the Mezanderan, and gives name to a
pass, called the Strait of Khauar ; 90NE.Kom,
200 N Ispahan.
Khauash, t Persia, Segestan ; IS N. Zareng.
Khaulan, (an. Chaala,) district, Arabia, in
Yemen, SE. of Sana. '
Kheir, t. Hind., in Visiapour ; 18 N. Poonah.
Khi, city, China, of the second rank, in Pe-
tche-li; 100 SSW. Peking. Lat. 38. 26. N.
Khi, city, China, of the second rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 145 S. Peking. Lat. 37. 38. N.
Khieva, or Khiwa, countiy, Asia, bounded
N. by Charasm, E. by Grand Bukharia, S. by
Chorasan, and W. by the Caspian sea. The
territories are of so small extent, that a person
may ride through them in three days. It bas
5 walled towns, all within a day's journey of
each other. Pop. about 60,000. The Khan is
absolute, and perfectly independent. Khieva is
the capital.
Khieva, city, Asia, capital of a country of the
same name, situated on a rising ground W. of
the Gihon; 60 S. Urkonge, 260 NW. Samar
cand. Lon. 58. 25. E. Lat. 41. 30. N. Pop. about
10,000. H. 3,000, built of clay, low, and mean.
It has 30 mosques, 3 gates, and is surrounded
with a thick wall, and a deep ditch of water.
Khillis, X. Syria, governed by an aga; 28
NNW. Aleppo, 50 NE. Antioch. It was, some
years ago, erected into a pachalic, to restrain
the Curds; but the pacha being defeated by
them, he was removed, and it was again put
under an aga. It is at the foot of Mount Tau
rus, and is a celebrated market for cotton.
Khisht, X. Persia, on the Daulakee, NNE.
Bushire. Klii-lche, X. China, of. the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 20 ESE. Chun-te.
Khoi, or Khoee, see Kaui.
Kliolenbrunn, t. Austria ; 8 SW. Zistersdorf.
Khonsar, X. Persia, in Irak; 92.NW. Ispahan.
Pop. 2,500 families It has a romantic siti^ft-
tion in a narrow vale between two ranges of
mountains. Khorfakan, s-p. Arabia, in Oman, in the bot
tom of a bay of the Arabian gulf, which is only
open to the E. Lon. 56. 14. E. Lat. 25. 18. N.
On SE. side is a harbour for boats. The town
was formerly considerable ; at present there
are but a few houses of stone ; the rest are only
fishermen's huts.
Khorein, t. Turkish Armenia ; 27 NE. Malaz-
kerd. Khonemabad, or Curremabad, or Khoruma-
bad, (an, Corbienne,) X. Persia, in Irak, on a river
which runs into the Karasu; 50 SSW. Nehavend,
200WNW.Ispahan. Lon.48.5.E. Lat.34.35.N.
Khosciab, X. Arabia, Hedsjas ; 26 SW. Medina.
Klioud, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 35 S. Koonjoor.
Khozdar, X. Beloochistan. Lon. 67. E.. Lat. 30.
30. N. It is surrounded by walls, and is the res
idence of a Mahometan chief.

KIA

849

KIA

Khunt Kote, t. Hind,, Cutch ; 8 ESE. (Tahej.
Khuntijant, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 20 N. Surat.
Khu-tcheou, X. China, of the third rank, in
Pe-tche-li ; 12 NE. Quang-tong.
Khuttur,X. Arabia Deserta; 50 N W.Meschid Ali.
Khyber, mts. Candahar, N. of Paishawur.
Khyber Serai, t. Candahar, on the Kameh ;
3 NNW. Paishawur.
Khyrabad, X. Hind., capital of a district, be
tween two streams which flow into the Goom-
ty. Lon. 80. 45. E. Lat 27. 29. N.
Ki, city, China, of the second rank, in Hou-
quang, on the river Yang-tse ; 612 S. Peking.
Lon. 114. 56. E. Lat. 30. 5. N.
Ki, city, China, of foe second rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 137 S. Peking. Lat. 37. 48. N.
Ki, X. China, of third rank, in Ho-nan ; 12 N.
Oue-kiun. Ki, t. China, of the third rank, in Chan-si ;
27 E. Fuen-tcheou.
Ki, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Ho-nan ; 22
SE. Kia-fong.
Ki, r. China, which rises in NW. part of Ho
nan, and runs into the grand canal, about 7 W.
Tong-pin. Ki, or Kie, city, China, of the second rank,
in Chan-si ; 365 SW. Peking. Lat. 36. 6. N.
Kia, city, China, of the second rank, Chan-si,
on the river Hoang ; 812 WSW. Peking. Lon.
169.60. E. Lat. 38. 8. N.
Kia, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan ;
37 W. Hiu.
Kio, t. on E. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 127. 54. E.
Lat. 0. 30. N.
Kiab, X. Persia, in Chusistan, on the Karasu ;
120 N. Bassora, 200 W. Ispahan. Lon. 47. 40. E.
Lat. 32. 30. N.
Kiachin, X. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 10 E. Kia-king.
Kia-king, city, China, of the first rank, in
Tche-kiang; 590 SSE. Peking. Lon. 120. 14. E.
Lat. 30. 50. N. The country round is watered
with lakes and canals, cut by the industry of
the Chinese. The city is large, populous, and
carries on a good trade ; its suburbs are of
great extent, and there are several bridges over
the canals and ditches ; there is not a house
where they do not breed silk-worms. Canals
are cut through all parts of the city, whose
streets are lined with free-stone ; and in all the
streets there are handsome piazzas, under which
one may walk free from rain ; there are many
triumphal arches both within and without the
city, and 15 marble towers on the sides of the
canal that lies W. of the city, by which all the
barks pass.
Kia-ho, t. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang, on the Heng; 37 SW. Koue-yang.
Kiai, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chan-si ; 312 SW. Peking. Lat. 34. 58. N.
Kiai, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chen-si ; 690 SW. Peking. Lat. 33. 20. N.
Kiai-hieou, t. China, of the third rank, in
Chan-si; 17 S. Fuen-tcheou.
Kiai-kiang, t. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 75 ESE. Pei.
Kiai-kiang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si, on the Kan ; 25 SSW. Lin-kiang.
Kiai-kiang, t. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen; 15 NW. Kiating.
Vol.1. - 107

Kiakiluma, one of the small Japanese isl
ands. Lon. 132. 12 E. Lat 29. 50. N.
Kiakonda, see Eropina.
Kiakta, or Kiachta, X. A. Russia, in Irkutsk,,
circle of Verschnei-Udinsk, on a branch of the
Selinga; 60 S. Selinginsk, about 70 S. lake
Baikal, 330 S. Irkutsk, 4,338 E. Petersburg.
Lat. 50. 20. N. Pop. 2,600. H. 120. It is situat
ed on the borders between Russia and China,
and has risen to great eminence since it was
fixed upon in 1728, as the medium of commu
nication and centre of trade between the two
empires. The great fair is held in December,
when merchants flock hither from every part
of foe Russian empire. The Russian and Chi
nese towns are separate from each other, and
have each a fort. The Chinese town is called
Niamatschin. Kialek, X. Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 54 NW. Urmia.
Kialing, i. China, which runs into the Kin-
cha, at Tchong-king, in Se-tchuen.
Kiom, t. Egypt, on the right bank of the Nile ;
20 S. Girge.
Kiang, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quan-si ; 1,430 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 46. E.
Lat. 22. 20. N.
Kiang, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-si ;
17 ESE. Kiang-tcheou.
Kiangari, (an. Gangra,) X. A. Turkey, and
chief place of a sangiacat, in Natolia ; defend
ed by a castle on a rock ; 256 ESE. Constanti
nople. Lon. 34. 17. E. Lat. 39. 54. N.
Kiang-che-pao, X. China, in Hou-quang ; 35
S. Koue.
Kiang-gan, X. China, of the third rank, in the
Kin-cha, in Se-tchuen ; 20 E. Soui-tcheou.
Kiang-hoa, X. China of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 15 S. Tao.
Kiang-kien, X. China, of foe third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 30 SSW. Tchong-king, on the Kincha
river. Kiang-nan, pr. China, bounded N. by Chang-
tong, E. by the sea, S. by Tche-kiang and Kiang-
si, and W. by Honan, andHou-quang. Here the
ancient emperors always kept their court, till
they were obliged for reasons of state to re
move nearer Tartary, and choose Peking for
the place of their residence. It is of vast ex
tent, and contains 14 cities of the first order,
and 93 of the second and third order. These
cities are very populous, and of the greatest
note in the empire, especially for commerce ;
it is the rendezvous of all foe great barks, for
the country is full of lakes, rivers, and canals,
either natural or the effect of labour, which
communicate with foe great river Yang-tse-
kiang, that crosses the province. Nan-king is
the capital.
Kiang-ning, see Nan-king.
Kiang-se, or TcAiong-se, t. Thibet, near a river
which runs into the Sanpoo; 25 SW. Lassa.
Lon. 90. 4. E. Lat. 29. 58. N. It is represented
as a fine city and fortress, with a convent so
extensive as to have the appearance of another
city. Kiang-si, pr. China, bounded N. by Kiang-
nan, E. by Fo-kien and Tche-kiang, S. by
Quang-tong, and W. by Hou-quang. Towards
Quang-tong and Fokien, the country is moun
tainous; but intermixed with fertile valleys,

KID

850

K1E

and well cultivated. The river Kan-kiang di
vides the whole province into 2 parts, which
contains 13 cities of the first order, and 78 of
the second and third orders. Nan-tchang is the
capital. Kiang, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chan-si ; 300 SW. Peking. Lat. 36. 6. N.
Kiang-tchuen, X. China, of the third rank, in
Yun-nan ; 12 ENE. Sing-hing.
Kiang-you, t. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen; 20 N. Mien.
Kiang-yuen, X. Corea ; 15 NE. Hoang-tcheou.
Kiang-Ku, see Fong-tse. „
Kiang-pou, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-nan ; 8 W. Nan-King.
Kioo, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chang-tong ; 300 SE. Peking. Lat. 36. 16. N.
Kiao-ho, t. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 32 W. Tsang.
Kiao-ke, X. Corea ; 72 W. King-ki-tao.
Kiao-tao, small island, China, in the Hoang-
hai, or Yellow river, near the coast of Corea.
Lon. 124. 25. E. Lat. 38. 13. N.
Kiare, X. Persia, in Irak; 30 SW. Casbin.
Kia-tching, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chang-tong ; 12 W. Tci-ngin.
Kia-lchuen, X. Corea ; 27 SSW. Sing-tcheou.
Kia-ting, city, China, of the second rank, in
Se-tchuen, on the Yang; 900 SSW. Peking.
Lon. 103. 30. E. Lat. 29. 29. N. Great plenty
of musk is collected in the environs.
Kia-ting, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 7 SE. Taitsang.
KiaWa, small island, near the coast of S. C.
Lon. 80. 5. W. Lat. 32. 41. N.
Kibban, X. Curdistan, 1J miles from the Eu
phrates ; 80 W. Diarbekir. The neighbourhood
abounds in copper and iron.
Kibbied, X. Africa, in Bornou ; 150 SE. Bor
nou. Lon. 24. 16. E. Lat. 18. 23. N.
Kibitten, t. Prussia ; 7 SE. Heilsperg.
Kibola, X. Mingrelia ; 25 SE. Anarghia.
Ki-chan, X. China, of foe third rank, in Chen-
si ; 12 SE. Fong-tsiang.
Ki-choui, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Kiang-
si; 10 NE. Ki-ngan.
Ki-choui, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 25 E. Hoang-tcheou.
Ki-choui, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 20 SE. Hoai-king.
Kickapoo, or Red Bud Creek, r. Illinois, which
flows SW. and joins the Illinois, a little below
Illinois lake
Kickapoos, Indians, residing about lake Supe
rior, at the S. end of lake Michigan, near the
sources of the Illinois, and also on the Wabash.
Kickemuil, an arm of Mount Hope bay, R. I.,
adjoining the town of Warren ; 2 miles long,
and half a mile broad.
Kickduyn,ioxX, Holland; 2S. Helder.
Kicktool, t. East-Greenland. Lon. 45. 5. W.
Lat. 61. 15. N.
Kicydani, t. Rus. Wilna ; 48 NNW. Troki.
Kid, small isl. near W. coast of Ireland, a lit
tle N. Broad-Haven ; 3 SW. Binwy Head.
Kidarnaui, X. Thibet ; 100 N. Sirinagur. Lon.
79. 12. E. Lat. 32. 4. N.
Kidderminster, X. Eng., in Worcestershire, on
the river Stour; 14 N. Worcester, 125 NW.
London. Lon. 2. 10. W. Lat. 52. 24. N. Pop.

8,088. It is near the great Staffordshire and
Worcestershire canal, and has been long noted
for its manufactures, which are on an extensive
scale. The carpet manufacture is the most con
siderable branch, fa employs about 1,000 looms.
There are 700 silk looms. Other manufactures
are poplins, crapes, bombazines, fac. Near foe
town are several chalybeate springs. It has a
weekly market on Thursday.
Kidelia, t. Russia, in Viborg, on N. coast of
lake Ladoga ; 48 NNE. Kexbolm.
Kides, t. Finland ; 83 SE. Kuopio.
Kidge] or Kej, (an. ChoddaJ fortified town,
Persia, the present capital of Mecran; 450 SSW.
Candahar, 600 SE. Ispahan. Lon. 62. 10. E.
Lat. 26. 30. N, The fort is built on a high pre
cipice, encircled by the town.
Kidonia, see Haivali.
Kidron, or Cedron, rivulet, Palestine, which
runs by Jerusalem and flows into the Dead sea.
Kidwelly, X. Wales, in Caermarthen, on the
river Gwendrath, near the bay of Caermarthen ;
9 S. Caermarthen, 224 W. London. Lon 4. 20.
W. Lat. 56. 52. N. Pop. 1,441. Near it is a
colliery, from whence the coals are brought by
a canal to foe quay. The market is on Friday.
Kii, or KieA, t. Persia, in Mecran ; 100 NNW.
Kidge. Lon. 60. 8. E. Lat. 27. 40. N.
Kieidani, X. Eu. Russia, in Wilna, near Kowno.
Pop. 2,700.
„Kiekerness, t. Prussia, in Samland, on an isl
and in the Russ ; 19 NW. Tilsit, 35 N. Georgen-
burg. Kiel, X. Sweden, Asele ; 55 SSE. Asele.
Kiel, X. Denmark, in Holstein, capital of foe
duchy, at the bottom of a bay or gulf in the
Baltic, which forms a convenient harbour ; 36
NW. Lubeck, 47 N. Hamburg. Lon. 10. 8. E.
Lat. 54. 20. N. Pop. 7,075. It contains three
churches, and a protestant university, founded
in 1665, with 18 regular and 10 extraordinary
professors, and in 1817, only 107 students. It
has a libraiy of 60,000 vols., a botanic garden,
an anatomical theatre, an observatory, fac.
It has a castle delightfully situated, and former
ly the residence of the dukes. The environs of
the town are very pleasant, and there are fine
public walks. The harbour is good, but the trade
is limited: exports, corn, butter, cheese, and
bacon : manufactures, hats, tobacco, starch, and
sugar refining.. There is a great annual fair in
January, attended by the farmers, and even by
the gentry of Sleswick and Holstein, for the
arrangement of their pecuniary concerns. — It
was formerly one of the Hanse towns.
Kiel, canal, Holstein, which joins the Baltic
to the Eyder, thus forming a communication
with the German ocean ; 22J miles long, from
90 to 100 feet wide at the surface, 54 at the
bottom, and at least 10 feet deep ; and is capa
ble of admitting vessels of 9 feet draught It
was begun in 1777, and finished in 1784.
Kiel, lake, Norway, in Christiansand ; 16 N.
Christiansand. Kielce, or Kieltze, X. Russian Poland, in San
domirz ; 24 E. Malagocz. Pop. 2,324. Bp. see.
Kieldrecht, X. Flanders ; 5 E. Hulst.
Kiele, X. Persia, in Irak ; 35 NE. Sultania. <
Kielmy, X. Samogitia ; 14 NW. Rosiene.
Kiemi, see Kemi.

KIE

851

KIF

Kien, t. on E. coast of the island of Ceram,
one of the Molucca islands.
Kienering, t. Austria ; 1 NW. Engenberg.
Kieng-hiever, X. Persia, in Irak ; 39 SSW. Ha-
madan. Kien-nhing, X. China, of foe third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 50 SW. Chao-ou.
Kien-ning, or Kien-nghmg, city, China, of the
first rank, in Fo-kien ; 180 S. Peking. Lon. 117.
2. E. Lat. 27. 5. N. Eight towns of foe third
order are under foe jurisdiction of this city,
which is situated on the river Minho. It is a
place of plentiful trade, because all commodi
ties that are carried up and down foe river pass
through it.
Kien-ouei, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 22 SE. Kiating.
Kien-pin, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 22 NE-. Ning-kone.
Kiensheim, X. France, Upper-Rhine ; 6 NNW.
Colmar. Kien-si, city China, of the second rank, in
Koei-tcheou ; 950 SSW. Peking. Lon. 105. 96.
E. Lat 27. 56. N.
Kien-tchong, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-si; 630 S. Peking. Lon. 118. 20. E.
Lat. 27. 35. N. Thjs city is situated on the bor
ders of Fo-kien, in a fertile country. The com
mon rice is made use of to make wine, and a
reddish sort made use of by the richer people
for food.
Kien-tchang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 27 N. Nan-tchang.
Kien-tchang-ouei, X. China, in Se-tchuen ; 87
WNW. Ou-mong.
Kien-lchi, X. China, of foe third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 27 S. Koei-tcheou.
Kien-tchuen, city, China, of the second rank,
in Yun-nan ; 1,189 SW. Peking. Lon. 99. 44.
E. Lat 26. 35. N.
Kien-te, X. China, of the th jrd rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 22 S. Ngan-kiang.
Kien:Yang, X. China, of the third rank, Chen-
si ; 15 NW. Fong-tsang.
Kien-yang. X. China, of the third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 26 NNW. Kien-nhing.
Kieou, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
tong ; 40 NW. Tong-tchan.
Kieou-carpou, t. Corea; 500 ENE. Peking.
Kieou-kiang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-si, on the lake of Po-yang; 615 S.Pe
king. Lon. 165. 41. E. Lat. 29. 53. N. Itis
the rendezvous of all foe barks which go and
come from the other cities of this province, and
the provinces of Kiang-nan, and Hou-quang.
Although it is 300 miles distant from the sea,
they take in, the river which washes its walls,
salmon, dolphins, and sturgeon ; it ebbs and
flows every new and full moon, and its waters
glide so slowly from the city to the sea, that its
current is scarcely perceivable.
Kieou-lan, city, China, of the second rank, in
Van-nan ; 1,187 SW. Peking. Lon. 99. 26. E.
Lat 26. 34. N.
Kieou-li-po, t. China of the third rank, in
Quang-si ; 30 NNE. Nan-tan.
Kieou Pi, or Pi, city, China, of the second
rank, in Kiang-nan ; 350 SSE. Peking. Lon.
117. 44. E. Lat. 34. 38. N.
Kieou-tong-lan, t, China, in Quang-si ; 20 E.
Tong-lan.

Kierady, X. Hind., Benares ; 15 ESE. Chunar.
Kierali, (an. Car alia J X. Turkish Armenia, on
the coast of the Black sea, at the mouth of a
river of the same name ; 30 SW. Trebisond.
Kiere, X. Persia, in Irak ; 20 ESE. Casbin.
Kiemow, X. Rus. Wilna; 25 NW. Wilna.
Kierteminde, s-p. Denmark, in the island of
Funen, on the side of a large bay; 8 ENE.
Odensee. Lon. 10. 40. E. Lat. 55. 22. N. Mer
chants of Odensee have warehouses in this town.
Kiefoi, t. Tyrol ; 6 S. Stambs.
Kiev] Kievskoe, or Kiow, gov. Russia, bounded
N. by Tchernigov, E. by Poltava, S, by Cherson,
and W. by Podolia and Volhvnia. Sq. m. 20,551.
Pop. 1,000,000. It is divided into 12 circles,
and contains 77 towns. It comprises a part of
the Ukraine ; is a continued plain, having little
wood, but like the rest of the Ukraine, exceed
ingly fertile, producing an abundance of corn-;
also fruits, vegetables, flax, hemp, tobacco, and
honey ; and abounding in excellent pasturage.
Kiev, or Kiov, or Kiow, city, Russia, capital
of a government to which it gives name, on the
Dnieper ; 420 E. Cracow, 665 S. Petersburg.
Lon. 30. 28. E. Lat. 50. 27. N. Pop. 18, or
20,000. Greek abp. see. It stands on a rising
ground, on the right bank of the Dnieper, and
consists properly of 3 towns, viz. the Old Town,
Padol, or the Lower Town, and the fortress of
Pctschersky, These 3 parts are connected by
entrenchments ; but foe last only is regularly
fortified. It stands on an eminence, facing foe
S. ; and besides barracks for the garrison, maga
zines, officers' houses, and some churches, in
cludes that rich and stately monastery, which
was founded in the 11th century, and called
Petshersky, because tbe monks formerly lived
in a Petshera, i. e. a cavern on the mountain
where the convent now stands. In its subter
raneous vaults, which resemble a labyrinth, and
consist of cells, chapels, fac. are found great
numbers of undecayed" bodies, supposed to be
the remains of saints and martyrs. The old city
of Kiev stands on an eminence facing the N.,
and is fortified according to foe mountainous
nature of the country, with hork-works, fac.
Here stands the cathedral. Podol lies below
Old Kiev in foe plain, on the banks ofthe Dnie
per, and excepting the university, churches,
and convents, entirely consists of shops and
tradesmen's houses, The 3 divisions, along with
the suburbs, cover a large tract of ground. The
town is gloomy and inanimate, possessing no
manufactures ; agriculture and distilling of spir-
itous liquors, are the principal employments of
the town and neighbourhood. It has a gymna
sium and a theological seminary, and had for
merly an academy numerously attended, which
was erected in 1803 into a university. — Kiev
was founded in A. D. 430, and was a long time
the capital of the kingdom of Russia. In 1240,
it fell into the hands of the Tartars ; afterwards
into those of the Lithuanians and Poles ; but
was restored to Russia in 1686.
Kieusk, X. Natolia; 40 NNW. Mogla.
Kiezvenskoe, X. Rus. Perm ; 80 N. Perm.
Kifanta, X- Bootan ; 64 N. Dinagepour.
Kiffer, isl. in E. Indian sea, near N. coast of
the isl. of Timor ; about 20 miles in circ. Lon
126. 20. E. Lat. 8. 0. S.

KIL

852

KIL

Kiftekk, X. Hungary ; 18 NW. Zegedin.
Kiges, t. Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. 387.
Kigigina, fortress, Russia, Upha ; 160 E. Upha.
Kigna, i . Hungary, which runs into the Drave,
18 W. Ziget.
Kihianum, r. N. A., a branch of the Lastaw.
Kijasa, mt. Thibet ; 25 SE. Giti,
Kikacco, X. Africa, in Congo ; 30 SE. Pango.
Kikala, X. South Finland ; 40 ESE. Abo.
Kikalemazo, r. Michigan, which flows into
lake Michigan, 20 N. Blackwater river.
Kikalga, one of the Fox islands in the N.Pa
cific ocean. Lon. 194. 28. E. Lat. 54. N.
Kikh, X. Turkish Armenia ; 33 WSW. Moush.
Ki-kiang, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 45 NW. Tchi-ngan.
Kikiany, one Ofthe smaller Japanese islands.
Lon. 132. 25. E. Lat. 29. 40. N.
Kikov, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 15 SE. Iwata.
Kikukovi, X. Russia, Tobolsk, on the Tchulim ;
64 NW. Atchinsk.
iKkuts, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 15 NNE. Udo.
iKl, X. Sweden, in Warmeland; 12 S. Chris-
tinebamn. Kilan, see Ghilan.
Kilanoi, X. West Bothnia ; 105 N. Tornea.
Kilar, X. Persia, in Irak ; 14 SE. Teheran.
Kilan, t. West Bothnia,; 90 N. Tornea.
Kilbarchan, parish, Scot., in Renfrew ; 4 W.
Paisley. Pop. 3,563. Here are some bleach,
fields, and manufactures of linen.
Kilbirny, parish, Scot., in Ayrshire , 8 N. Ir
vine. Pop. I,0f8.
Kilbrannin Sound, strait, between the isle of
Arran and S. part of Argyle, in Scotland..
Kilbride, parish, Scot, Lanerk; 5 W. Ham
ilton. Pop. 2,330. Dr. William Hunter and his
brother John, two celebrated anatomists, were
natives of this parish.
Kilbum, v. Eng., in Middlesex ; 4 NW. Lon
don. Here is a medicinal spring.
Kilcalmonil, X. Scot, in Argyle, and penin
sula of Kintyre ; 17 N. Campbelton.
Kildare, co. Ireland, in Leinster, bounded N.
by Meath, E. by Dublin and Wicklow, S. by
Carlow, and W. by King's county and Queen's
county ; about 32 miles in length from N. to S.,
and from 12 to 21 from E. to W. The soil is
generally fertile, and foe air temperate. The
principal towns are Kildare, Athy, Naas, and
Monastereven. Sq. m. 593. Pop. about 110,000;
30 Catholics to 1 Protestant.
Kildare, X. Ireland, in a county of the same
name; 28 SW. Dublin, 33 WNW. Wicklow.
Lon. 6. 57. W. Lat 53. 9. N. H. 180. Bp. see.
The cathedral church is small, besides which
there is a parish church, but no Episcopal pal
ace. Kildare is now a small ruinous place,
chiefly supported by frequent horse-races on
what is called the Curragh, a fine plain, con
taining upwards of 3,000 acres,
Kildrummy, v. Scot., in Aberdeenshire ; 4
NW. Alford, 120 N. Edinburgh. Here are the
remains of a castle, in which the wife of Rob
ert Bruce and the ladies ofthe court took shel
ter after his defeat at Methven.
Kilduin, smallisl. in the North sea. Lon. 34.
14. E. Lat. 69. N.
Kilduin, small isl. in foe North sea. Lon. 34.
14. E. Lat. 69. N.

Kilef, X. Grand Bukharia, in Balk, on" the left
side of the Gihon ; 60 NW. Balk. Lon. 64. 30.
E. Lat. 37. 10. N.
Kilerin,v. Ireland, in Kilkenny, near Thomas-
town. — Native, bp. George Berkeley.
Kilfit, s-p. Nubia, on the Red sea, with a har
bour 7 miles in circumference, safe from winds.
Lon. 36. 40. E. Lat. 21. 45. N.
Kilgerran, or Kilgarring, t. Wales, in Pem
broke, on S. side ofthe Tiyy ; 3 SE. Cardigan,
227 W. London. Lon. 4. 38. W. Lat. 64. 6. N.
Pop. 769.
Kilgrund, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 4. E. Lat. 62. 6. N.
Kilham, X. Eng., in Yorkshire ; 28 N. Hull,
200 N. London.
Kitio, or KiliaNova, t. Eu. Russia, Bessarabia,
at the most northern mouth of the Danube,
near the Black sea ; 20 ENE. Ismail. Lon. 30.
12. E. Lat. 45. 28. N. Pop'. 6,000.. The mari
time trade of Moldavia, Walachia, and Bulga
ria passes through this place.
Kilios, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the coast
of the Black sea ; 20 WSW. Amasieh.
Kilis, X. Syria ; 6 SW. Antab.
Kilkare,X. Hind., in Marawar; 10 SW. Ra-
manadporum. Kilkenny, t. Coos co. N. H. ; 8 E. Lancaster.
Pop. 24.
Kilkenny, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y.; in
Fowler ; 194 NW. Albany, W. 479.
Kilkenny, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Queen's
county, E. by Carlow and Wexford, S. by Wa
terford, and W. by Tipperary ; about 35 miles
from N. to S., and 19 from E. to W- It con
tains 127 parishes. The surface is generally
level, and the soil fertile in corn, equal to most
other parts of Ireland. Pop. 108,000. H. 17,212.
Kilkenny, city, Ireland, capital of the coun
ty to which it gives name ; 56 SSW. Dublin, 65
NE. Cork. Lon. 7. 15. W. Lat. 52. 38. N. Pop.
14,945. H. 2,870. Bp. see. It is situated on the
river Nore, over which are 2 handsome bridges.
The borough of St. Canice, or Irish Town, is
joined to it, and both together form one large
town, which sends 1 member to parliament.
Thetown was once of much greater importance,
than at present. It now contains many large
and good buildings, among which are the cas
tle of the earl of Ormond, a large cathedral, the
bishop's palace, a college, a theatre, fac. The
college is attended by about 70 students. The
houses are decorated with a beautiful black and
white inarble, dug from the quarries near the
town. Considerable manufactures of blankets
and coarse woollen cloths are carried on here.
Kilkila, X. Persian Armenia ; 26. NW. Kanja.
Killack,X. Persia, in Mecran, on foe coast of
the Arabian sea ; 60 W. Tiz. Lon. 59. 20. E.
Lat. 25. 27. N.
Killala, X. Ireland, in Mayo ; 23 N. Castlebar,
26 W. Sligo. Lon. 9. 3. W. Lat. 54. 12. N. Bp.
see. Itis situated on a fine bay of the Atlantic,
to which it gives name. The bay is near six
miles from E. to W., and 5 from N. to S. Fish
ing is the principal business of the place ; it bas
some manufactures of coarse linen and woollen
cloths. Killali, t. Abyssinia ; 100 S. Mine1.
Killaloe, X. Ireland, in Clare ; 11 NNE. Lim-

KIL

S53

KIL

erick, 20 E. Ennis. Lon. 8. 22. W. Lat. 52. 48.
N. Bp. see. It is situated on the Shannon, by
which it is separated from the county of Tip
perary, with a bridge of communication. It is
a very old town, without trade. In the year
1752, the bishopric of Killfenora was annexed
to it.
Kallamuk Indians, on W. coast of N.A., south
of the Columbia. No. 1,000.
Killanore, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 9 NW.
Trichinopoly. Killany Bay, bay on E. coast of foe island of
Arran more. Lon. 9. 36. W. Lat. 53. 5. N.
Killard Point, cape on E. coast of Ireland, in
the English Channel ; 6 E. Downpatrick. Lon.
6. 27. W. Lat. 54. 22. N.
Killarney, X. Ireland, in Kerry ; 36 W. Cork,
50 SW. Limerick. Lon. 9. 32. W. Lat. 51.49. N.
Pop. about 5,000. It is situated near the en
trance of a small river into the lake of Killar
ney, which is celebrated for its picturesque
beauties. It is a pleasant town, and contains
many handsome houses and au excellent pub
lic school for Catholic children, and is the res
idence of a Catholic bishop. The town is much
visited by strangers, on account of the lake,
which is near Magilcuddy's.rocks. The lake is
sometimes called Lough Lane, and 'is divided
into 3 parts, called the Lower, Middle, and
Upper lakes. The lower is 6 miles long, and 3
broad. The eastern side is diversified with the
most beautiful scenery ; the south side is com
posed of immense mountains. On a small
island in this lake are the remains of a mo
nastery, the chapel of which is converted into a
banqueting room.
Killawats Indians,x>n. W. coast of N. America.
No. 500.
Killaxthocks Indians, on W. coast of N. A.
No. 100.
Killbegan, X. Ireland, in Westmeath, on the
Brosna ; 14 E. Athlone, 42 W. Dublin. Lon. 7.
26. W. Lat. 52. 22. N.
Killbuck, river, Ohio, one of the most north
ern branches of the Muskingum.
Killcock, X. Ireland, in Kildare; 11 S. Trim,
15 W. Dublin. Lon. 6. 40. W. Lat. 53. 21. N.
Killcullen Bridge, X. Ireland, in Kildare, on
foe Liffy ; 7 E. Kildare, 22 SW. Dublin. A
mile from the town is the village of Killcullen,
once a walled town, with 7 gates, of which
only 1 remains. In the church-yard of the vil
lage is an ancient round tower.
Killdare, see Kildare.
Killeen, X. Ireland, in Meath; 7 SSE. Navan.
It was formerly a place of considerable note,
now mean and decayed.
Killery Harbour,bay on W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9. 46. W. Lat. 53. 38. N.
Killeshandra, X. Ireland, in Cavan ; 8 SW.
Cavan, 18 E. Leitrim.
Killfenora, v. Ireland, in Clare ; 12 NW.
Ennis, 15 WNW. Gort. Bp. see, united to Kil-
laloe, in 1752.
Killicranky, v. Scot., in Perthshire, where is
a celebrated road cut on foe side of a moun
tain, called Killicranky Pass; on one side is a
lofty mountain, and on the other a precipice of
100 yards ; 12 N. Dunkeld.
Kitligray, small isl. Scot, between Lewis and
North Uist. Lon. 7. 3. W. Lat. 57. 43. N.

Killiness Point, cape, Scot, on the coast of
Wigton, in Luce bay ; 3 N. Mull of Galloway.
Killingly, p-t. Windham co. Ct., on the
Quinibaug ; 18 ENE. Windham, 26 N. Nor
wich, 25 W. Providence, 45 E. Hartford, W.
383. Pop. in 1810, 2,680; in 1820, 2,803. It is
a good agricultural township, watered by the
Quinibaug and its branches, and is divided into
3 congregational parishes, and has also a Bap
tist meeting house. It has 1 woollen and 4
cotton manufactories, and contains valuable
quarries of freestone.
Killingtringan Bay, bay, Scot., on W. coast
of foe county of Wigton. Lon. 5. 12. W. Lat.
54. 58. N.
Killington, see Sherburne.
Killingworlh, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on Long
Island sound ; 9 E. Guilford, 26 E. New Haven,
26 W. New London, W.329. Pop. 2,342. It has
a harbour with 7£ feet water at common tides ;
and there are 8 small vessels belonging to the
town, employed in the coasting trade. At the
landing is a handsome village of about 100
houses. The Indian name was Hammomasset,
the name of a small river, Which flows into the
sound, between Killingworth and Guilford.
North Killingworth, in N. part of the township,
has also a post office.
Killington Peak, a summit of the Green
mountains, in Sherburne, Vt. ; 8 or 10 E. of
Rutland. It is one of the most elevated moun
tains in Vermont; and is, according to Dr.
Williams, 3,455 feet high ; and, according to
capt. A. Partridge, 3,679 above the sea, and
2,807 above its base.
Killingworth, see Kenilworlh.
Killkenny, see Kilkenny.
Killmacduagh, v. Ireland, in Galway, and see
of a bishop, united with Clohfert ; 3 SW. Gort,
12 N. Ennis. Nothing but foe walls of the
cathedral remain ; near it are the ruins of a
monastery, and several chapels. These, with
a large round tower, of very ancient and rude
masonry, denote the former consequence of this
now wretched village.
Killmallock, X. Ireland, in Limerick ; 4 NE.
Charleville, 16 S. Limerick. Lon. 8. 31. W.
Lat. 52. 24. N. About 2 centuries ago, it was
one of the best built inland towns in foe king
dom ; the walls of many large houses of stone,
and excellent workmanship, remain to this day
while the ruins of the churches and monaste
ries, walls, and gates, denote its former splen
dor ; though now reduced to the situation of a
miserable village.
Killmichael Point, cape on E. coast of Ire
land, in the Irish sea. Lon. 6. 9. W. Lat 52
44. N.
Killough, s-p. Ireland, in Down, with a con
venient harbour at NE. extremity of Dundrura
bay ; 5 S. Downpatrick. Lon. 5. 33. W. Lat.
54. 13. N. Here are some salt works.
Killrush, X. Ireland, Kildare ; 12 SW. Naas.
Killybegs, X. Ireland, in Donegal ; 13 W. Do
negal. Lon. 8. 18. W. Lat. 54. 38. N. It is sit
uated on a creek, on the north side of Donegal
bay. Killy Holm, one of the smaller Orkney isl
ands, about a half a mile N. Eglisha.
Killykagh, X. Ireland in Down, on W. coast

KIL

854

KIN

of Strangford Lough, with a safe harbour for
vessels ; 7 NNE. Downpatrick, 15 SSE. Belfast.
Lon. 5. 32. W. Lat. 54. 23. N. The linen man
ufacture is established here, and its fine threads
are much esteemed.
Kilmarthomas, v. Ireland, in Waterford, on
the Maghan ; 83 SSW. Dublin.
Kilmany, parish, Scot., in Fifeshire, in a fine
and fertile valley ; 5 N. Cupar Pop. 787.
Kilmarnock, p-v. Lancaster co. Va. ; 2 or 3
mites from the Rappahannoc, 30 N. Yorktown,
W. 175.
Kilmarnock, formerly St. Marnock, X. Scot.,
and burgh of barony, in Ayrshire ; 12 NNE.
Ayr, 22 SW. Glasgow. Lon. 4.27. W. Lat. 55.
40. N. Pop. 10,148. It has a low situation, on
a small river of the same name, and contains 7
places of public worship, and has a market on
Friday, and 4 annual fairs. It is the principal
manufacturing town in the county. The chief
articles of manufacture are carpets, other wool
len goods, shoes, leather, fac.
Kilmaurs, X. Scot., and burgh of barony, in
Ayrshire ; 2 N. Kilmarnock. It was formerly
celebrated for its cutlery, and especially
knives, so that a Kilmaurs whittle was famous
to a proverb. \
Kilmes, X. Russia, in Viatka; 38 NE. Mal-
misch. Kilmes, r. Russia, which runs into the Viatka,
32 NNE. Malmisch.
Kilmington, v. Eng., in Devon, near Ax-
bridge; 9 W. Warminster, 107 W. London.
Here Athelstan defeated the Danes.
Kilmore, v. Ireland, in Cavan ; 3 SW. Cavan.
Bp. see. There is no cathedral, but a small
parish church, which joins the bishop's palace.
Kilmory, X. Scot, on south coast of the isl.
of Arran ; 8 SW. Lamlash. Pop. 3,430.
Kilmuir, X. Scot, in Ross-shire ; 5 S. Tain.
Kilonda, X. Africa, in Benguela ; 15 S. Ben
guela. Kihngo, pr. Loango. The soil is fertile, and
it was formerly an independent kingdom. The
governor is absolute, and at his death the peo
ple elect another, without consulting the king
of Loango. The chief trade is in elephants'
teeth. Kilongo, the capital, is situated on the
coast ; 30 NW. Loango. Lat. 4. 25. S.
Kilpatrick, #& parish, Scot., in Dumbarton ;
3 SE. Dumbarton, 10 NW. Glasgow. Pop. 3,428.
It was named from St. Patrick, who, according
to tradition, was a native of the place. Here is
a considerable woollen manufacture, a smithery,
and a bleach field.
Kilrea, X. Ireland, in Derry ; 11 S. Colerain,
25 E. Londonderry.
Kilrenny, X. fa royal burgh, Scot., in Fifeshire,
on north side of the Forth ; 3 W. Craill.
Kilrush, X. Ireland, in Clare, on the Shannon ;
142 SW . Dublin. It is a flourishing town.
Kilsee, X. Austria ; 3 SE. Hainburg.
Kilsyth, v. fa parish, Scot, in Stirlingshire ;
10 SSW. Stirling, 13 E. Glasgow. Lon. 4. 10.
W. Lat. 56. N. Pop. 1,500 ; ofthe parish 3,206.
In this parish are mines of iron stone. Near
Kilsyth, a battle was fought between the mar
quis of Montrose and the Covenanters, in
which foe latter were defeated with great
slaughter.

Kiltzesli, t. Walachia, on the Tismana ; 12
SSW. Tergosyl.
Kitvin, r. Scot., which runs into the Clyde 4
NW. Glasgow.
Kilwara, X. Hind., in Rantampour ; 32 S Sui-
sopour. Kilwinning, X. Scot, in Ayrshire, on foe Gar-
nock ; 3 NNW. Irvine, 28 SW. Glasgow. Pop.
of the town 1,260, ofthe parish 3,291.
Kilworth, X. Ireland, Cork; 104 SW. Dublin.
Kily Harbour, bay on W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 119. 20. E. Lat. 1. 33. S.
Kimberlon, p-t. Chester co. Pa. ; 3 W. of the
Schuylkill, 3 E. Yellow Springs, 27 NNW.
Philadelphia, W. 137. It is very pleasantly sit
uated in a hilly and fertile country, and con
tains a merchant mill, a Friends' meetinghouse,
and a Friends' boarding school for females.
The houses are all large, and built of stone.
Kimboltoh, X. Eng., in Huntingdonshire, with
a weekly market on Friday ; 8 WSW. Hunting
don, 63 N. London. Lon. 0. 23. W. Lat. 54.14.
N. Pop. 1,400. Here is a castle, the seat ofthe
duke of Manchester, where Catherine, queen of
Henry VHL, died in 1535.
Kimborowka, t. Rus. Minsk ; 6 E. Mozyr.
Kimedy, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 30 NW. Ci
cacole. Ki-men, X. China, of foe third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 40 W. Hoei-tcheou.
Kimgswisen, X. Austria ; 10 N. Grein.
Kimi, see Kemi.
Kimihie, a northern branch of Red river,
which joins W. of the state of Louisiana.
Kimito, t. Finland, in Abo ; 23 SE. Abo.
Kimkin, X. Walachia; 55 N. Bucharest, 90
ESE. Hermanstadt
Kimlassa, t. Hind., in Malwa ; 35 S. Chande
ree, 172 ENE. Ougein. Lat. 24. 15. N.
Kimmoo, X. Africa, in Jajaaga. Lon. 10.20. W.
Lat. 14. 23. N.
Kimmoul, t. Hind., in Orissa ; 6 N. Sonepour.
Kimnik, X. Walachia, on the river Alaut ; 44
ESE. Tergovisto, 76 NE. Orsowa.
Kimoli, see Argentiera.
Kimooenim Indians, N. A., on Lewis's river.
No. 800.
Kimos, lake, Russia, in Olonetz ; 8 NW.from
lake Nuk, with which it communicates by a
small river. Lon. 30. 14. E. Lat. 64. 45. N.
Kimozerskai,X. Russia, in Olonetz, on foe lake
Kimos ; 88 N. Kemi.
Kimpina, t. Walachia ; 44 N. Bucharest.
Kimpling, t. Austria ; 4 W. Grieskirchen.
Kimpolung, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia ; 115
NNE. Hermanstadt, 116 WNW. Jassy.
Kimpolung, X. Moldavia ; 125 W. Jassy.
Kimpour, X. Bengal ; 27 ENE. Purneah.
Kimsla, X. Sweden, in E. Gothland ; 7 SSW.
Nordkioping. Kim-tcha, X. Thibet ; 15 WNW. Tchasircong.
Kim-lcha, X. Thibet ; 36 NW. Tchasircong.
Kim-tcheou, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 126.26.
E. Lat. 44. 3. N.
Kin, city, China, of foe second rank, in Chen-
si ; 527 SW. Peking. Lat. 35. 23. N.
Kin, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-si ;
15 SE. Lan.
Kin, t Persia, in Segestan, at the foot of a
chain of mountains, near the lake Zare ; 127

KIN

855

W. Candahar, 330 E. Ispahan. The air is pure,
and foe soil of the environs fertile, especially
in truit.
Kin, X. Arabia, in Nedsjed ; 153 NE. Hajar.
Kinar-a-gird, t. Persia ; 16 S. Teheran. Pop.
3,000. Kinaski, t. Russia, in Irkutskoi ; 28 W. Nert-
chinsk. Kinasso, t. Africa, in Congo ; 30 SE. Pango.
Kinatjura, X. Japan, Niphon ; 94 SW. Meaco.
Kinbum, fortress, Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on
a bay of the Black sea, at foe mouth of the
Dnieper; 16 SE. Otchakov, 164 SW. Ekaterin
oslav. Lon. 31. 36. E. Lat. 46. 35. N. It has
frequenly been attacked by sea and land by the
Turks, but without success.
Kincardine, X. Scot, in Perthshire, in a dis
trict separated from foe rest of the county by
the county of Clackmannan ; 9 W.Dumferline,
20 S. Perth. Lon. 3. 43. W. Lat. 56. 5. N. Fop.
1,200; of the parish 2,212. It has markets on
Wednesday and Saturday. It is situated on the
Forth, and is a creek to the port and custom
house of Alloa. Here is a good roadstead,
where 100 vessels may ride with safety.
Kincardine, v. Scot, in Kincardineshire ; 9
SW. Stonehaven. Pop. 73. It was formerly
capital of the county, to which it gives name.
Kincardine O'Neil, X. Scot, in Aberdeenshire;
20 W. Aberdeen, 22 N. Montrose.
Kincardineshire, or Mearns; co. Scot., bound
ed N. and NW. by Aberdeenshire, E. by the
German ocean, S. and SW. by Angus ; about
26 m. from N. to S., and 17 in its mean breadth
from E. to W. The face of foe country is greatly
diversified ; part of it being level, the soil fer
tile, and well cultivated ; and a part mountain
ous, dreary, and barren.- The Grampian moun
tains extend through it from east to west The
principal towns are Bervie and Stonehaven.
Pop. 27,439. Sq. m. 380.
Kincha, r; Asia, which rises in Thibet, passes
through the Chinese province of Se-tchuen, and
enters the province of Hou-quang, where it
changes its name to Yang-tse, after which it
crosses the province of Kiang-nan, and runs into
the sea, Lon. 112. 44. E. Lat. 31. 55. N.
Kin-chan, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang; 35 SW. Te-ngan.
Kincoopy, small fort, Hind., in Mysore ; 18
NE. Chitteldroog.
Kindelbrucken, X. Pru. Erfurt, on the Wipper;
21 NE. Erfurt, 24 ENE. Muhlbausen. Lon. 11.
10. E. Lat 51. 16. N. Pop. 1,250.
Kinderhook, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y., on E.
side of the Hudson ; 10 N. Hudson, 20 S. Alba
ny, W. 350. Pop. 3,913. Here are two paper-
mills, other valuable mills and manufactories,
and an academy. The principal village is at
some distance from the river. At foe landing
there is also a post village, W. 347.
Kinderhook Creek, r. N. Y., which rises in
Rensselaer co., and unites with Claverac creek,
in Kinderhook, a little above its entrance into
the Hudson.
Kindooa, X. Bengal ; 7 NW. Noony.
Kinel, r. Russia, which runs into the Samara,
at Aleksevskoe, in Simbirsk, 20 E. Samara.
Kinesclma, X. Russia, in Kostrom, on the Vol
ga; 40 SE. Kostrom. Pop. 1,592.

KIN
Kineton, X. Eng., in Warwick, with a weekly
market on Tuesday; 9 E. Stratford, 88 WNW.
London. Lon. 1.30. W. Lat. 52. 9. N. Pop.
1,617. King John is said to have kept his court
in a castle here.
King, city, China, ofthe second rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 130 S. Peking. Lon. 115. 52. E. Lat.
37. 46. N.
King, t. China, Of foe third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 20 SW. Ning-koue.
King, or Kin-yuen, city, China, of the first
rank, in Quang-si; 1,037 SSW. Peking. Lon.
108. E. Lat. 24. 26. N.
King, t. Africa, in Caeongo ; 40 SE. Essena.
King's Chair, see Konigstuhl.
Kingscliffe, see Cliffe.
King Creek, p-v. Barnwell, S. C. ; W. 600.
King's County, N. Y., W. end of Long Island ;
bounded NW. by New York harbor, E. by
Queen's co., and S. by the Atlantic. Pop. in
1810, 8,303; in 1820, 11,187. Chief town,
Flatbush. King's Keys, islets and rocks in foe Spanish
Main, near the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82.36.W.
Lat. 12. 42. N.
King's Bay, bay, SE. coast of Nova Scotia.
Lon. 59. 10. W. Lat. 44. 32. N.
King's County, co. Ireland, Leinster, bound
ed N. by West-Meath, E. by Kildare, S. by
Queen's CO., and W. by Galway ; 34 miles from
N. to S., and, where broadest, 32 from E. to
W. Pop. about 130,000. Sq. m. 707. Except
the mountain of Sliebh-bloom, the surface is
generally level, and the soil in general rich and
well cultivated ; some parts, however, are yet
rude and uncultivated. Birr or Parsons-town
is the most considerable place.
King's Creek,' r. N. C, which runs into the
Congaree, Lon. 81. 40. W. Lat. 35. 8. N.
King's Eerry,p'V. Cayuga co. N.Y.,in Genoa;
185 W. Albany, W. 366.
King's Ferry, p-v. Monongalia co. Va. ; W.
224. King George, co. NE. part of Va. ; bounded
NW. and N. by the Potomac, E. by Westmore
land co., S. by foe Rappahannock, and W. by-
Stafford co.; W. 80. Pop. in 1810, 6,454;
slaves 3,876. Pop. in 1820, 6,116.
King's Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
W. coast of Siam, about 51 miles in circ. Lon.
98. E. Lat. 12. 18. N.
King's Island, small isl. in Beering's straits.
Lon. 168. W. Lat. 65. 2. N.
King's Island, island, near W. coast of N. A.,
separated by Fisher's canal, from the southern
most of Princess Royal's Islands,and by Burke's
canal from New Hanover; about 33 miles in
length, and rather more than 6 in breadth.
Point Edward is the farthest point to the N.and
Point Waller to the S. Lon. 232. 9. to 232. 43.
E. Lat. 61. 56. to 23. 26. N.
King's Island, see Pearl Island.
King's Mountain, mt. in W. part of N. C; 25
W. Charlottenburg.
King's Point, NW. extremity of Sumatra ; 18
W. Acheen. Lon. 97. 27. E. Lat. 5. 30. N.
King's River, r. Ireland, which runs into the
Lifty, 1$ S- Blessington, in Wicklow.
King and Qjueen, co. E. part of Va. ; bounded
NNE. by Essex and Middlesex cos., E. by

KIN

856

KIN

Gloucester co., SSW. by King William co. and
W. by Caroline co. ; W. 140. Pop. in 1810,
10,988 ; slaves 6,003. Pop. in 1820, 11,798.
Chief town, Dunkirk.
King George's Islands, two islands in the S.
Pacific ocean, discovered by commodore Byren,
in 1765, and visited by capt. Cook, in 1773.
The houses were low, mean hovels, thatched
with cocoa-nut branches, but they were most
delightfully situated in a fine grove of stately
trees, among which were the cocoa-nut, and
many, such as they were utterly unacquainted
with. Lon. 149. 2. W. Lat. 14. 35. S.
King George the Third's Archipelago, tract of
land, or rather a group of islands, in the North
Pacific ocean, seemingly intersected by chan
nels, extending from N. to S. about 130 m. in
length ; at the northern part it is about 45 miles
broad, but gradually diminishes to little more
than one mile at its southern extremity. Lon.
223. 45. to 225. 40- E. Lat. 56. 10. to 58. 18. N.
King George the Third's Island, see Otaheite.
King George the Third's Sound, harbour on
SW. coast of New Holland. Lon. 118. 17. E.
Lat. 35. 5. S.
King George's Sound, the name which capt.
Cook gave to Nootka sound.
King William, co. Va. ; bounded NNE. by
King and Queen CO., SSW. by York river, and
W. by Caroline co. Pop. in 1810, 9,285 ; slaves
5,785. Pop. in 1820, 9,697.
King William's Island, small isl. in the East
Indian sea, near N. coast of the island of Poggy.
Lon. 99. 43. -E. Lat. 2. 33. S.
King William's Island, small isl. in Dampier's
strait, near south coast of the island of Waigoo.
Lon. 130. 51. E. Lat. 0.32. S.
Ki-ngan, city, China, of the first rank, in Ki
ang-si, on the river Kan ; 795 S. Peking. Lon.
114.32. E. Lat. 27. 7. N.
Kingfield, p-t. Somerset co. Maine ; 20 NW.
Anson, W. 679. Pop. 464.
Kinghale, X. Caeongo, on the Louisa. Lon.
12. 10. E. Lat. 5. 20. S.
Kinghorn, s-p. Scot., in Fifeshire; 10 N.
Edinburgh, 30 S. Perth. Lon. 3. 10. W. Lat. 56.
5. N. Pop. 1,212 ; of the parish 2,204.
Kingiksok, X. West Greenland. Lon. 47.40.W.
Lat. 61. 55. N.
King-ki-tao, city, capital* of Corea. Lon. 126.
41. E. Lat. 47. 38. N. It is situated in the
province of Kingki, and is the residence of the
sovereign, but is very little known.
Kingroad, part of the river Severn below
Bristol," so called, from whence the outward-
bound ships belonging to that port take their
departure. Kingsbury, p-t. Washington co. N. Y., on E.
side of foe Hudson ; 55 N. Albany, W. 410.
Pop. 2,203. It contains 2 Baptist meeting houses.
See Sandy Hill.
Kingsbridge, X. Eng., in Devon, on a creek of
the English channel, but without depth of wa
ter; 14 SW. Dartmouth, 218 WSW. London.
Lon. 3. 50. W. Lat. 50. 22. N. Pop. 1,242. It
has a harbour for boats, and is a neat town, con
taining about 150 houses, and a Latin free
school, and has a market on Saturday.
Kingsclere, t. Eng., in Hants, market on Tues
day ; 7 SE. Newbury, 56 W. London. Lon. 1.
12. W. Lat, 51. 20. N. Pop. 1,863.

KingseSsing, t. Philadelphia co. Pa., on the
Delaware. Pop. 1,188.
Kingsland Creek, r. Va., which runs into
James river, Lon. 77. 40. W. Lat. 37. 24. N.
Kingston, X. Upper Canada, on N. side of the
river St. Lawrence, situated in a bay, at NE.
extremity of lake Ontario, Opposite to Grand Isle,
formerly called Fort Cataraguis, or Frontenac ;
149 E. by N. York, 200 SW. Montreal. Lon.
76. 40. W. Lat. 44. 8. N. Pop. 2,500. It is finely
situated, and has an excellent harbour, which is
the rendezvous for the shipping on the lake, and
for the last 15 or 20 years has been a place of
considerable trade. It is the largest town in
Upper Canada, and contained, in 1818, 370
houses, a government house, a court house, a
market house, a jail, a hospital, 2 churches, one
for Protestants and one for Catholics ; besides
block houses, government magazines, and
stores. It is regularly laid out, the streets cros
sing each other at right angles.
Kingston, t. Addison co. Vt. ; 28 SW. Mont
pelier. Pop. 328.,
Kingston, p-i. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 21 SW.
Portsmouth, W. 512. Pop. 847.
Kingston, (East,) t. Rockingham co. N. H. ;
21 SW. Portsmouth. Pop. 443.
Kingston, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 4 NW.
Plymouth, 32 SSE. Boston, W. 458. Pop. 1,313.
This town has some trade in the fisheries, and
contains two cotton manufactories, and some
manufactures of iron.
Kingston, (North,) X. Washington co. R. I., on
W. side of Narraganset bay ; 12 NW, Newport,
20 S. by W. Providence. Pop. 3,007. It is a
good agricultural township, and contains the
village of Wickford.
Kingston, (South,) or Tower Hill, p-t. fa cap.
Washington co. R. I., on W. side of Narraganset
bay ; 11 W. Newport, 30 S. by W. Providence,
W. 409. Pop. 3,723. It is a large, wealthy agri
cultural township, and has some trade in the
fisheries. Near the centre of the township is a
pleasant village, called Little Rest hill, contain
ing a court house, a bank, and about 25 dwel
ling houses. TO the SE. of this is another small
village, called Tower Hill.
Kingston, p-t. fa cap. Ulster co. N. Y., on W.
side of the Hudson ; 65 S. Albany, 100 N, New
York, W. 306. Pop. 2,956. The village is pleas
antly situated, on Esopus creek, and contains a
court house, a jail, a market house, a bank, an
academy, a public library, a meeting house, 2
printing offices, and had, in 1812, 150 houses
and stores. The public buijdings, and many
others, are of blue lime stone. Two weekly
newspapers are published here.
Kingston, v. Middlesex co. N. J., on Millstone
river; 3 NE. Princeton.
Kingston, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa., on the Susque
hanna, opposite to Wilkesbarre ; W. 228. Pop.
1,288. Kingston,?. Talbot co. Md., on foe Choptank ;
4 SE. Williamsburg.
Kingston, p-t. Somerset co. Md. ; W. 163.
Kingston, p-t. fa cap. Roane co. Ten., at the
confluence ofthe Clinch and Tennessee rivers ;
65 W. Knoxville, W. 576.
Kingston, X. S. C, on foe Wakkamaw; 41
NNE. Georgetown.

KIN

857

KIN

Kingston, p-v. Morgan co. Georgia ; 33 Mil
ledgeville, W. 684.
Kingston, X. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 407.
Kingston, s-p. fa city, Jamaica, on S. coast of
the island ; 10 E. Spanish Town. Lon. 76. 33.
W. Lat. 18. 1. N. Pop. in 1818, 33,000 ; whites,
10,000 ; people of colour, 2,500 ; free negroes,
2,500 ; slaves, 18,000. It is the largest town in
Jamaica ; founded in 1693, after the destruction
of Port Royal by an earthquake ; situated on N.
side of a beautiful bay, capable of holding 1,000
large ships. If is a place of great wealth and
commerce ; there are scarcely ever less than
200 vessels lying in the harbour. It contains 2
chh., 1 Episcopalian, and 1 Presbyterian ; a the
atre, a free school, a poor house, and a public
hospital. The streets are wide, and cross each
Other at right angles, and many of the houses
are magnificent. It is built on a plain, which
rises with a gentle ascent to the Liguanea
mountains, six miles distant ; and it enjoys the
full benefit of the sea breezes ; but it suffers an
inconvenience from the torrents of rain from
the mountains in the wet season. The ther
mometer ranges between 76° and 96°.
Kingston upon Hull, see Hull.
Kingston upon Thames, (an. TameseJ Eng. in
Surry, on foe right bank of the Thames.. 18
NNE. Guilford, 12 SW. London. Lon. 0. 18.
W. Lat. 51. 25. N. Pop. 4,144. It was
once the residence of the Saxon kings, sev
eral of whom were crowned here. The Lent
assizes for the county are held here. Market
on Saturday.
Kingstown, X. Africa, in Kantor.
Kingstown, s-p. on S. coast of the island of
St. Vincent, on a bay to which it gives name.
Lon. 61. W. Lat. 13. 6. N.
Kingstree, p-v. Williamsburgh district, S. C. ;
W. 482.
Kingsville, p-v. Ashtabula co. Ohio ; 240 NE.
Columbus, W. 378.
King-tcheou, city, China, of foe first rank, in
Hou-quang, on the Yang-tse river ; 620 SW. Pe
king. Lon.lll.37.E. Lat.30.28.N. The dis
trict of this city is considerable ; it Contains 13
towns,2of the second order, and 11 ofthe 3d ;
it makes a good appearance, while the lakes
which are round it contribute to render the land
fruitful and pleasant. It has a great trade, is
well built, and populous.
King-tcheou, X. Chinese Tartary ; 235 ENE.
Peking. Lon. 120. 14. E. Lat. 41. 6. N.
King-te-tching, X. China, in King-si ; 655 S.
Peking. Lon. 116.56.E. Lat.29.25.N. This
town, where the manufacturers of the best chi
na-ware live, is as populous as the greatest cities
of China, and wants nothing but walls to make
it a city. Those places are called tching, that
are of great resort and commerce, but not wall
ed. They compute in this town more than
1,000,000 of souls. They consume here every
day more than 10,000 loads of rice, and above
1,000 hogs, without mentioning other animals
which they feed upon. The lodgings of the
great merchants take up a vast space, and con
tain a prodigious number of workmen. King-
te-tching is a league and a half long, standing
on the side of a fine river ; the streets are very
long, and cut and cross one another at certain
Vol. I. 108

distances. It is said to contain 500 furnaces, all
employed in making porcelain.
Kington, see Kineton.
King-long, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan, on the Fa-pien river; 1,240 SW. Pe
king. Lon. 100. 39. E- Lat. 24. 30. N. This city
is surrounded with very high mountains, in
which, it is said, there are silver mines.
Kingua, X. East Greenland. Lon. 45. 26. E.
Lat. 61. 21. N.
Kingwood, X. Hunterdon co. N. J., on the Del
aware ; 4 miles below Alexandria. Pop. 2,786.
Kingwood, p-v. Monongalia co. Va. ; W. 185.
King-yang, city, China, of the first rank, Chen-
si; 480SSW. Peking. Lon. 107.20.E. Lat.36.6.N.
King-yuen, X. Corea ; 55 SE. King-ki-tao.
King-yuen, or Kin-yuen, city, China, of the
first rank, in Quang-si; 1,037 SSW. Peking.
Lon. 108. E. Lat. 24. 26. N. This city is not
pleasant, though it is built on the banks of a
large river, because it is surrounded with craggy
mountains. It has 2 towns of the second order,
and 5 of foe third, in its district.
King-yuen, X. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang ; 65 SW. Tchu-tcheou.
Kin-hoa, city, China, of the first rank, in
Tche-kiang; 682 SSE. Peking. Lon. 119. 16.E.
Lat. 29. 16. N. This city is placed in the heart
of a province, and on the banks of a fine river,
into which several little ones discharge them
selves. It was formerly of great extent, and fa
mous for the beauty of its buildings, but the
people, who are of a warlike disposition, having
long resisted all the power of foe Tartars, who
invaded China, were at length subdued, and one
part of the city burnt. It is now rebuilt. The
inhabitants carry on a great trade in large dried
plumbs and hams, which are much esteemed,
and sent into all the provinces of the empire.
Kinigslettin, X. Austria ; 4 E. Tulln.
Kin-ki, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Kiang-si;
20 NE. Kien-tchank.
Kin-li, t. Corea ; 15 ENE. Cou-fou.
Kin-lin, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 42 SE. Ngan-lo.
Kin-men, city, China, of the second rank, in
Hou-quang; 595 SSW. Peking. Lon. 111.39.
E. Lat. 31. 5. N.
Kin-men-lo, isl. in the Chinese sea, near the
coast of China, about 24 miles in circ. Lon. 1 18.
20. E. Lat. 24. 30. N.
Kinits, X. Moravia, Olmutz ; 24 W. Olmutz.
Kinniard's Head, promontory on E. coast of
Scotland, which forms the south boundary of
the Frith of Murray, supposed to be that called
Promontorium Taixalium, by Ptolemy. Lon. 1.
54. W. Lat. 57. 42. N.
Kinnback, small isl. on W. side of foe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon.21.30.E. Lat. 65. 9. N.
Kinnegad, X. Ireland, in West-Meath ; 12 SW.
Trim, 31 WNW. Dublin.
Kinnekulle, mt. Sweden, in West Gothland,
on Wenner lake, remarkable for its mineralogi-
cal structure. Its base is gneiss ; its lowest bed
is sandstone ; the second, alum slate ; foe third,
limestone. Its height is only 1,000 feet.
Kin-nhing, X. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang ; 32 SSW. Tchu-tcheou.
Kinogam, r. Canada, which runs from lake
Wickwa to the river Saguenay, Lon. 71. 31. W
Lat, 48. 34. N.

KIN

858

KIO

Kinnikinnick, r. Ohio, which runs SW. into
the Scioto, 7 miles above Chillicothe.
Kinnouge, see Canoge.
Kinoli, (an. CinolisJ X. Natolia, on the Coast
ofthe Black sea; 16 NW. Sinob.
Kinross, X. Scotland, in the county of the same
name, on the river Leven, at W. extremity of
Loch Leven, near the centre of the county ;
10 S.Perth, 18 NNW. Edinburgh. Lon. 3. 25. W.
Lat. 56. 13. N. Pop. 1,500; of the parish, 2,124.
It was formerly famous for its cutlery ; but the
chief manufacture now is that of Silesia linen.
Kinross-shire, co. Scotland, bounded NE., E.,
fa S. by Fifeshire ; on the other parts by Perth
shire ; almost circular, and about 30 miles in
circ. Kinross is the principal town. POp. 7,245.
Sq. m. 83.
Kinsach, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Dan
ube, 3 miles below Straubing.
Kinsale, p-v. Westmoreland co. Va. ; W. 136.
Kinsale, X. Ireland, in Cork ; 12. S. Cork. Lon.
,8. 30. W. Lat. 51. 43. N. Pop. 10,000. It is
situated at the mouth ofthe river Bandon, which
forms a fine harbour, called the Harbour of
Kinsale, and is navigable for large sloops, near
12 miles above the town, though a bar prevents
large men of war coming into the basin. Kinsale
is built under Compass hill, and extends about
an English mite. The situation is very singular,
the chief street running round foe hill, with
others above it, communicating by steep lanes.
. On the opposite shore there are two well-built
villages, Cove, and Scilly. In the town and
liberties are 6 parishes. In the bathing season
it is a place of great resort for fashionable com
pany. The harbour is very commodious, and
perfectly secure ; but at present, it does not de
rive great advantage from its harbour, as its
foreign commerce, and even its articles of im
port, are received through the city of Cork,
which in return receives its supplies most large
ly in fish. For carrying on its fisheries, it em
ploys 300 or 400 boats of about 20 tons bur
den. Kinsale sends one member to parliament.
Kinsman, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio ; W. 336.
Pop. 472.
Kinsman's Mountain, mt. in Lincoln, N. H.
Kinsomba, X. Africa ; 25 SE. New-Benguela.
Kinston, p-v. Lenoir co. N. C ; W. 361.
Kin-Jam, isl. in the Chinese sea, near the coast
of China, about 24 miles in circ. Lon. 121. 24.
E. Lon. 30. 8. N.
Kin-tan, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 20 SE. Nan-king.
Kintarra, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 10 Cossimcotta.
Kin-tcheng, X. Corea ; 80 E. King-ki-tao.
Kin-tchin, city and capital of the island of
Lieou-kieou. See Lieou-kieou.
Kinten, t. Prussia ; 15 S. Memel.
Kintore, t. Scot., in Aberdeenshire ; 2 S. In
verary, 12 NW. Aberdeen. Lon. 2. 6. W. Lat.
57. 10. N. Pop. 230.
Kintyre, peninsula, Scot.) in S. part of Ar
gyleshire, about 60 miles long, and 7 broad, from
the Mull of Kintyre to Tarbet.
Kintyre, (Mull of J S. point of peninsula of
Kintyre. Lon. 5. 46. W. Lat. 55. 2. N.
Kinfzig, see Kinzig.
Kintzing, or Kinzig, or Kinz, i . Ger., which
runs into the Maine, near Hanau,

Kintzingen, v. Baden ; 4 NW. Emmendingen.
In Oct. 1796, the French were driven from this
place by the Austrians.
Kinvaca, X. Africa, in Fooladoo. Lon. 6. 2. W.
Lat. 13. 10. N.
Kinver, X. Eng., Staffordshire ;' 5 SW. Stour
bridge. Pop. 1,655.
Kinver, r. Wales, which runs into the Dovy,
between Machynlleth and the sea.
Kinure Point, cape on S. coast of Ireland, in
Cork ; 4 E. Kinsale harbour. Lon. 8. 25. W.
Lat. 51. 41. N.
Kinwat, X. Bengal ; 17 SE. Curruckpour.
Kinyaloo, t Africa, in Mandingo. Lon. 6. 5.
W. Lat. 12. 5. N.
Kin-yang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chen-si ; 450 SW. Peking. Lon. 107. 19. E.
Lat. 36. 6. N. This city has always been looked
upon as a barrier against the incursions of the
Tartars, and is very strongly fortified in the Chi
nese manner; the country about is very fruitful.
This city has in its district but one town of the
second order, and 4 of the third.
Kin-yang, X. China, of foe third rank, in
Chang-tong; 25 SSW. Tci-ngin.
Kin-yang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Chensi ; 25 S. Yao.
Kin-ye, t. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
tong ; 35 ENE. Tsao.
Kinytakoora, X. Africa, in Gadou ; 36 SW. Ka-
malia. Kinzig, or Tintzig, r. Baden, which flows by
Offenburg, and runs into foe Rhine, at Kehl.
Kinzig, circle, Baden, bounded N. by the cir
cle of Murg, E. by Wurtemberg, S. by the circle
of Treisam, and W. by the Rhine. Pop. 1 17,640.
Chief town, Offenburg.
Kiobenhaven, see Copenhagen.
Kio-feou, X. China, in Chan-tong. Lon. 119.
E. Lat. 35. 30. N. — Confucius was born here
551 B. C.
Kioge, s-p. Denmark, on the isl. of Zealand,
in a bay at the mouth of river, formerly a place
of considerable trade, with manufactures of
tapestry; 10 SSW. Copenhagen. Lon.l2.12.E.
Lat. 55. 28. N. Pop. 1,400.
Kiolberg, X. Norway ; 3 N. Frederickstadt.
Kiolen, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 40 NW.
Carlstadt. Kiongong, X. Bengal; 30 NNE. Burdwan.
Lon. 88. 10. E. Lat. 23. 41. N.
Kiong-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
the island of Hai-nan, at the mouth of the river
Limou. Lon. 109. 33. E. Lat. 20. N.
Kiontona, Indian village, Warren co. Pa., on
the Conawango. 4
Kioping, X. Sweden, in Westmanland, on a
river of the same name, which communicates
with the Malar lake ; 10 W. Stroemsholm. Lon.
16. 42. E. Lat. 59. 30. N. Pop. 1,233. It is a
place of good trade, and has an iron weigh
house. KioroA, t. Hind., in Boggilcund ; 27 NNE.
Rewah. Kiorehvesi, t. Finland ; 56 N. Tavasthus.
Kiou, X. China, of the third rank, in Koei-
tcheou ; 17 WNW. Tou-yuen.
Kiov, or Kiow, see Kiev, and Kievskoe.
Kiova, X. Congo, in province of Sogno.
Kiou-long, r. China, which takes this name in

KIR

8.59

KIR

exchange for its former, Lantsan, in S. part of
the province of Yun-nan.
Kioumzeik, t. Ava, on the Irrawaddy ; 76
NNW. Rangoon. Lat. 17. 42. N. In foe town
are manufactures of cotton, and in the environs
plantations of indigo.
Kiowr, r. South Wales, which runs into the
sea, 4 SW. Cardigan.
Kiozdi, X. Walachia ; 77 N. Bucharest.
Kipfenberg, X. Bav., in Regen. Pop. 704.
Kiplmnta, X. Morea ; 2Q E. Misitra.
Kipjac, or Kipzac, see Capchac.
Kippenlieim, see Kuppenheim.
Kippure, mountains, Ireland ; 9 SSW. Dub
lin. Kip's Bay, a bend in East river, N. Y., in
New York co. ; 3 NE. of the city. The New
York penitentiary and almshouse are situated
here. Kiro, small isl. in gulf of Engia ; 9 W. Engia.
KiroAiano, t. Hungary ; 15 ESE. Munkacz.
Kirali, X. A. Turkey, Caramania ; 35 WSW.
Cogni. Kiranoor, X. Carnatic ; 22 N. Nattam.
Kiranore, X. Hind., Marawar ; 20 S. Tripatore.
Kirby, t Caledonia co. Vt. ; 15 NE. Dan
ville. Pop. 312.
Kirby, or Kirby Moorside, t. Eng., in York
shire, with a market on Wednesday ; 22 N. by
E. York, 228 N. by W. London. Lon. 1. 4. W.
Lat. 54. 15. N. Pop. 1,673.
Kircagasch, X. Natolia, a few miles south of
the Ousvola; 10 or 15 from Akhisar. Pop.
about 10,000; 8,000 Turks, 1,000 Greeks, and
1,000 Armenians. It contains 11 mosques, 1
Greek and 1 Armenian church, and is celebrat
ed for its excellent cotton. Grain, tobacco, fac.
are produced in the vicinity.
Kircajan, X. Persia, Kerman ; 117 E. Kerman.
Kirchbach, X. Stiria ; 14 SE. Gratz.
Kirchbaum, X. Austria ; 5 N. Freustadt
Kirchberg, X. Pru. Treves ; 22 WNW. Creutz
nach, 41 W. Mentz. Lon 7. 22. E. Lat. 49. 57.
N. Pop. 772.
Kirchberg, X. Bavaria ; 12 N. Landshut.
Kirchberg, t. Wurt, capital of a district, in
Hohenlohe, on the Jaxt; 20 E. Ohringen, 28
W. Anspach. Fop. 1,860.
Kirchberg,t. Sax., in Erzgebirg ; 6 S. Zwickau.
Pop. 2,053.
Kirchberg, X. Austria ; 2 SSE. Pulzeinstorff.
Kirchberg, X. Nassau, capital of a bailiwick ;
5 SE. Dietz, 6 NE. Catzenelnbogen. Pop. 900.
Kirchberg, or Kirchperg, X. Austria; 11 S. St.
Pol ten.
Kirchberg, fyc. see Hassel.
Kirchborchen, X. Pru. Minden ; 5 S. Pader-
born. Kircheim Poland, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine;
16 W. Worms, 28 NW. Manheim. Lon. 7.59.E.
Lat. 49. 39. N. Pop. 1,998.
Kirchenlaibach, X. Bav. ; 10 SE. Bayreuth.
Kirchliamb, X. Carinthia, on the borders of
the Tyrol ; 16 WNW. Greiffenburg.
Kirchhayn, X. Hesse Cassel, on the Wohra ; 5
E. Marburg, 35 SSW. Cassel. Pop. 1,727.
Kirchhayn, X. Pru. Frankfort, on the Little
Elster ; 5 W. Finsterwalda, 14 S. Luckau. Lon.
13. 35. E. Lat. 51. 36. N. Pop. 1,606.
Kirchheim, or Kirchheim sous feck, X, Wurt,

on the Lauter, surrounded with walls, in 1270 ;
16 SE. Stuttgard, 24 NW. Ulm. Pop. 4,109.
Kirchheim, X. Wurt ; 2 SSW. Lauffein.
Kirchheim, or Kirchhaim, X. Bav., foe capital
of a lordship belonging to the family of Fug
ger; 18 SW. Augsburg, 25 ESE. Ulm. Pop.
600. Kirchlamitz, X. Bav. ; 8 N. Wunsiedel.
Kirchlautern, X. Bav. ; 8 NW. Bamberg.
Kirchleis, X. Bav. ; 4 NNW. Culmbach.
Kirchpach, X. Austria ; 10 WNW. Horn.
Kirchperg, X. Austria ; 4 E. Weitra.
Kirchperg, t. Bav. ; 10 ENE. Pfaffenhofen.
Kirchperg, X. Austria ; 6 S. Glognitz.
Kirchperg, X. Austria ; S SW. Sonneberg.
Kirch Schlag, or Kirchschlagen, X. Austria ; 20
S. Ebenfurth, 38 S. Vienna.
Kirehslagen, X. Austria, with a medicinal
bath ; 10 S. Zwetl. '
Kirchwalsede, X. Han., in Verden ; 11 NE.
Verden. Kirdorf X. Hesse Cassel, in Upper Hesse ; 11
E. Marburg, 34 W. Cassel. Pop. 1,006.
Kirenga, r. Russia, which runs into the Ir
kutsk, near Kirensk.
Kirensk, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Lena ;
348 NNE. Irkutsk, 1,232 E. Tobolsk. Lon. 108. .
14. E. Lat. 57. 40. N. Pop. 470. _
Kirenskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the bor
ders of China, built in foe year 1655, in a fertile
soil, but at present in a state of decay ; 112 W.
Doroninsk. Kiressoun, see Keresoun.
Kirghises, or Kirguis, or Kirgeese, or Kirguses,
a numerous and widely extended people of In-'
dependent Tartary, occupying a great part of
the southern frontier of Asiatic Russia. Their
origin is uncertain. They are divided into 3
hordes, called the Little, Middle, and Great
hordes. The Little horde occupy foe western
position, and wander over the plains S. and E.
of the Ural, and between the Caspian and Aral.
The Middle horde live farther east, on the vast
plains north of lake Aral. These two hordes,
subsist entirely on their flocks, and have no
agriculture. The Great horde live farther to
the E. and S., beyond the Aral, and on the
Sirr. These last people have few relations with
the Russian empire ; and though some are pas
toral, yet a considerable proportion cultivate
the land, and inhabit fertile, mild, and well
watered countries. In the lofty ranges between
Kashgar and Siberia, there is a race, called
Wild or Mountain Kerghises ; free, fierce, and
warlike ; amounting to about 50,000. There is
another detachment south of Cashgar, an agri;
cultural people, and more civilized than the
rest ' ' .
The Little and Middle hordes are said to
consist each of about 30,000 tents or families ;
each of about 10 persons ; total about 600,000.
Their constitution is entirely free and inde
pendent. The khan of the Little horde is in
deed appointed by Russia, but he has scarcely
any influence. The Russian government, in-,
stead of exacting any tribute, pay regular pen-'
sions to all the principal chiefs, in consideration
that these turbulent warriors shall not exercise
upon the Russian empire those predatory habits,
for which they have always been famous. The

KIR

860

KIR

Kirghiscs profess the Mahometan religion ;
practise polygamy ; and live in tents of felt,
superior to those of the Calmucs. Their arti
cles of trade are cattle, fms, leather, and cov
erlets of felt.
Kirgonga, r. Thibet, which runs into the De
wah, 50 N. Dharmsaleh.
Kirian, mt. Thibet. Lon. 79. 44. E. Lat. 33.
12. N.
Kiriani, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ; 8 SE.
Athens. Kirjath-arba, see Hebron.
Kirjatharim, see Kariatain.
Kirjalh-jedrim, ancient city of Judah ; 10
WNW. Jerusalem.
Kirilov, t. Russia, in Novgorod ; 52 NW.
Vologda, 220 ENE. Novgorod. Pop. 2,165.
Kirilovo, X. Russia, on the Indigirka ; 320
NNE. Zasschiverk. Lon. 144. 14. E. Lat. 72.
25. N.
Kirolovskaia, fortress, Russia, in Ekaterinos
lav, on the Donskaia ; 72 SE. Ekaterinoslav.
Kirin, country, Chinese Tartary, bounded N.
by the river Saghalien, E. by foe sea, S. by Co
rea, and W. by the palisade of the province of
Leao-tong. This country, which is rendered
extremely cold by the number of forests, with
which it is covered, is scarcely inhabited ; it
contains only two or three ill-built towns, sur
rounded by plain mud walls. The valuable
plant, ginseng, grows here ; and the emperor
sends hither those criminals, who are condemn
ed to banishment by the laws.
Kirin-oulah, city, Chinese Tartary, on the
river Songarie, which is called also Kirin ; 500
NE. Peking. Lon. 126. 24. E. Lat. 43. 48. N.
It is the capital of a country, to which it gives
name, and the residence of a Tartar general,
who is viceroy.
Kirkburlon, X. Eng., in the W. riding of York
shire ; 7 SW. Wakefield. Fop. 1,495.
'Kirkby, see Ponlefrad.
Kirkby Lonsdale, (an. AlonaJ t. England, in
Westmoreland, in a valley, on the Lune, with
a market on Thursday; 12 SE. Kendal, 250
NNW. London. Lon. 2. 40. W. Lat. 54. 13. N.
Pop. 1,368.
Kirkby Irelelh, X. Eng., in Lancashire, on the
coast; 5 W. Ulverstone. Pop. 1,04L
Kirkby Stephen, or Stephen Church, X. Eng., in
Westmoreland, on W. side of the river Eden,
near the borders of Yorkshire, with a weekly
market on Monday ; 24 NNE. Kendal, 281
NNW. London. Lon. 2. 26. W. Lat 54. 29. N.
Pop. 1,235.
Kirkcaldy, s-p. Scot., in Fifeshire, on north
coast of foe frith of Forth, with a dock-yard for
building small vessels; 13 N. Edinburgh, 27 S.
Perth. Lon. 3. 9. W. Lat. 56. 7. N. Pop. 3,679.
It has a safe harbour with 14 feet water. The
shipping owned here, in 1819, amounted to
6,500 Ions, consisting of 42 vessels. The chief
article of export is coals. Here are conside
rable manufactures of linen. — Native, Adam
Smith. Kirk Gissa, or Kirkleesan, or Kirkhilissa, X.
Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 30 E. Adrianople,
100 NW. Constantinople. Pop. 16,000. The
inhabitants subsist chiefly by a traffic in corn
and wine ; and also in butter arid cheese. Most

of them are very poor. This place Was" formerly
called Tessaraconta Ecclesia, or Forty Churclies ;
at present it has neither Walls nor churches,
and but few christian inhabitants. Marty Jews
dwell here, whose chief employment is in mak
ing butter and cheese.
Kirkonnel, v. Scot., in Dumfriesshire, on the
Firth ; 6 S. Dumfries. In 1484, a battle was
fought here between a party under the conduct
ofthe duke of Albany, and the earl of Doug
lass, and the troops of James III., in which the
latter were victorious.
Kircudbright, s-p. Scot, capital of a county
to which it gives name ; 28 SW. Dumfries.
Lon. 4. 5. W. Lat. 54. 55. N. Pop. 2,760. It is
situated on the river Dee, near its mouth ; the
harbour is safe, with good anchorage, and shel
tered from all winds ; but being a tide harbour,
it is only fit for vessels, which can take the
ground. Kircudbrighlshire, co. Scot, bounded N. by
the 'counties of Ayr and Dumfries, S. by Sol
way frith and the Irish sea, W. by Wigtonshire
and Ayrshire ; about 43 miles from E. to W.,
and 32 from N. to S. The northern parts are
mountainous, and uncultivated. On the sides
of the rivers is some fertile land, and great
numbers of cattle and sheep are fed in the
county. The principal town is Kircudbright.
Fop. 33,684. Sq. m. 882.
Kirkham, t. Eng., in Lancashire, with a
weekly market on Tuesday ; 9 WNW. Preston,
214 NW. London. Lon. 2. 48. W. Lat.53.45.N.
Pop. 2,214.
Kirkintillock, parish, Scot, in Dumbarton,
with manufactures of linen and cotton. It is a
burgh of barony; 7 ENE. Glasgow, 49 W.
Edinburgh. Pop. 3,210.
Kirkheaton, parish, Eng., in Yorkshire, in the
west riding; 8 WSW. Wakefield. Pop. 1,690.
Kirki, t. Grand Bukharia ; 100 SE. Bukhara.
Kirkie, X. Hind., in Chanderee; 24 SSW.
Chatterpour. Kirkingen, see Creange.
Kirkland, X. Eng., in Westmoreland, adjoining
the Kendal, but distinct from it. Pop. 1,245.
Kirkleatham, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the N.
riding ; 10 NNE. Stokesly. Pop. 622.
Kirk Oswald, X. Eng., Cumberland, market on
Thursday ; 16 SE. Carlisle, 291 N. London.
Lon. 2. 25. W. Lat. 54. 40. N. Pop. 636.
Kirk Oswald, t. Scot, in Ayrshire ; 8 S. Ayr.
Kirkpalrick, X. $cot, in Dumbarton ; 8 NW.
Glasgow, 8 E. Dumbarton.
Kirklon in Lindsey, X. Eng., in Lincolnshire ;
20 N. Lincoln. Pop. 1,531.
Kirkuldi, X. Guriel, on a river which runs into
the Black sea, near its mouth.
Kirkuldi, r. Asia, which rises in the moun
tains of Armenia, and crossing the principality
of Guriel, runs into foe Black sea, Lon. 41. 25.
E. Lat. 41. 55. N.
Kirkur, X. Hind., Rohilcund; 35 S. Bereilly.
Kirkwall, s-p. Scot, on N. coast of Pomona,
the principal ofthe Orkney islands; 172 N. In
verness. Lon. 4.29. W. Lat. 58. 51. N. Pop.
2,621. It is nearly an English mile in length ; its
breadth is very inconsiderable, and it has only
one street, extending the whole length, which
is narrow and ill paved. It Was formerly foe
residence ofthe bishop of Orkney.

KIS

861

KIS

Kirkwood, X. Belmont co Ohio. Pop. 1,404.
Kirlalc, isl of a triangular form, about 240
miles in circumference, in the Frozen sea. Lon.
121, to 126. E. Lat. 71. 30. to 72. 15. N.
Kirmansha, or Kirmoncha, X. Persia, in Irak ;
260 WNW. Ispahan, 145 NE. Bagdad. Lon. 46.
30. E. Lat. 34. 35. N.
Kirmir, r. Natolia, which runs into the Sa
karia, 3 miles from Sevihisar.
Kirn, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, in Treves, on the
Nahe ; 17 W. Creutznach, 38 W. Mentz. Lon.
7. 26. E. Lat. 49. 47. N. Pop. 1,240.
Kirnbach, X. Baden ; 21 N. by E. Carlsruhe.
Pop. 1,100.
Kirnberg, X. Bavaria, in the territory of Ro-
foenburg'; 3 SSE. Rothenburg.
Kirnee, t. Hind., in Rahar; 48 SW. Arrah.
Kiroll, X. Hind., in Dooab ; 28 N. Etaya.
Kiroo, X. Bengal ; 24 N. Tomar.
Kiroo, t. Hind., Jushpour ; 50 E. Odeypour.
Kirooa, t. Owhyhee, one of the Sandwich
islands, on a bay of the same name. Pop 2, or
3,000. It has a battery of 20 or 30 guns, and a
garrison of about 200 soldiers. It is built on
sand and lava. The surrounding country ap
pears lo have been formed by volcanic erup
tions, and is not pleasant.
Kirnsnichbach, r. Saxony, which runs into
the Elbe, at Schandau.
Kirpan, X. Eu. Turkev, in Romania, near the
Marizza; 50 SE. Philippopoli. Pop. 1,500.
Kirriemuir, X. fa burgh of, barony, Scot, in
Forfar ; 5 NW. Forfar, 18 N. Dundee. Pop. of
the parish 4,969.
Kirrweiler, X. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine ; 4
N. Landau, 12 W. Spire. Pop. 1,075.
Kirsanov, t. Russia, in Tambov ; 56 SE. Tam
bov. Pop. 3,230.
Kirschrod, v. Pru. Treves, near which copper
and agate stone are found ; 6 ESE. Kirn.
Kirshehr, (an. Andrapa, or Diocasarea,) X. A.
Turkey, in Natolia, capital of a distric t ; 84NE.
Cogni. Lon. 34. 13. E. Lat. 39. 12. N. It was
formerly a considerable city. Salt is made in
the neighbourhood.
Kirsch,r. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Neckar, 5 miles above Esslingen.
Kirsova, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Danube ; 30. S. Galatz, 76 SW. Ismail.
Kirstendorf X. Prussia ; 9 SE. Osterrod.
Kirtipuri, X. Nepaul. Lat. 27. 30. N. Lon. 85.
31. E. Pop. 30,000. H. 6,000.
Kirtland, X. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 473.
Kirlon, or Kirton Lindsey, X. Eng., in Lincoln
shire, with a weekly market on Saturday; 18
N. Lincoln, 151 N. London. Lon. 1. 36. W.
Lat. 53. 27. N. Pop. 1,090.
Kirwani, t. Africa, in Dentila ; 20 W. Bani-
serile. Lon. 11. W. Lat 12. 30. N. Here Mr.
Park saw some smelting furnaces for iron.
Kirweiler, X. France, in Lower Rhine ; 15 N.
Strasburg. Kirweiler, X. Bavaria, circle of the Rhine ; 18
S. Lauterburg. Pop. 1,100.
Kirzak, X. Russia, in Vladimir; 48 WSW.
Vladimir. Kisak, isl. near SW. coast of East Greenland.
Lon. 45. W. Lat. 59.51. N.
Kisan, X. Curdistan ; 18 S. Betlis.
Kischenau, t. Russian Moldavia, on foe Dneis-

ter, with an academy and a synagogue. Lon.
29. 25. E. Lat. 46. 40. N.
Kisdomo, X. Candia; 20 WNW. Canea.
Kisekvka, l . Russia, which runs into foe Le
na, Lon. 121. 14. E. Lat. 67. 30. N.
Kiserya, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 32 SSE. Bettiah.
Lon. 85. 6. E. Lat. 26. 20. N.
Kisgol, t Bengal ; 8 NW. Curruckdeah.
Kisli, sand bank in the Irish sea, about 6 m.
long, and 1 wide ; 7 miles from the coast of the
county of Dublin. Lon. 5.54. W. Lat. 53. 15. N.
Kishenagur, circar, Bengal, lying on E. side
ofthe Hoogly, 110 miles long, and from 7 to
30 broad. Kishenagur is foe chief town.
Kishenagur, X. Bengal, capital of a circar of
the same name ; 45 N. Calcutta, 50 S. Moor
shedabad. Lon. 88. 38. E. Lat. 23. 23. N.
Kishenagur, X. Hind. ; 15 S. Agimere.
Kishengonga, r. Asia, which runs into the Be
hat, 20 W. Pukholi.
Kishkorran Mountains, mountains, Ireland, in
Sligo ; 13 S. Sligo.
Kishme, or Kismich, or Chismie, or Dsjisme,
largest island in the Persian gulf; 30 miles in
length, and from 6 to 8 broad. Lon. 56. 50. E.
Lat. 26. 54. N. It is separated by a narrow
channel from the continent of Persia, which is
navigable, but troublesome to work in, and be
sides dangerous on account of pirates. It con
tains 3 or 4 towns or villages. Almost all the
islands in the Persian gulf have several names ;
this island is likewise called Dsjes, Dras, and
Vroet, and by the Persians Touly.
Kishme, X. on N. coast of the island of Kishme,
near the centre.
Kishmir, mt. Turkish Armenia; 35 S. Er
zerum. Kishnulcood, X. Persia, Segestan ; 15 S. Mci-
mend, 36 W Candahar.
Kishon, now Nahr-el-Mechalte.
Kishpork, see Christburg.
Kishtac, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean ; about
100 mites in length, and from 30 to 50 in
breadth. Lon. 152. 30. to 154. 50. W. Lat. 57
to 58. 40. N.
Kishtewar, X. Hind., capital of a district, un
der the southern range of the Cashmere moun
tains. Lon. 75. 20. E. Lat. 34. 7. N.
Kisi-hisar, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria ; 36 SE
Sofia. Kiskemanetas, see Conemaugh.
Kiskin Ostrog, X. Russia, in Kamtschatka ; 52
W. Verchnei Kamtschatskoi.
Kisko, X. Finland, in Nyland ; 12 N. Eknas.
Kislak, X. Russia, Podolia ; 20 ESE. Braclaw.
Kisliar, see Kizliar.
Kisloch, citadel, Baden ; 12 S. Heidelberg.
Kisma, X. Persia, Ghilan ; 21 WNW. Reshd.
Kismalo, X. Hungary; 12 NNE. Gran.
Kismich, or Kismish, see Kishme.
Kissabetly, X. Bengal ; 22 SE. Burdwan. Lon
88. 18. E. Lat. 23. 2. N.
Kissee, X. Sierra Leone ; 20 NE. Portlogo.
Kisseen, X. Arabia, on the S. coast, on a bay
bounded by a cape, both of the same name
Lon. 51. 50. E. Lat. 15. 19. N.
Kisselpour, X. Bengal ; 35 SSW. Doesa. Lon
84. 41. E. Lat 22. 32. N.
Kisser, X. Africa, in Tunis; 18 SE. Sbeah.
Kissima, X. Japan ; 45 N. Nangasaki.
Kissunpour, X. Hind., Bahar ; 12 NW. Bahar.

KIT

862

KIZ

Klssingen, X. Bavaria, Lower Maine, capital
of a district, on the Saale, in the environs of
which are some medicinal and salt springs ; 9
NW. Schweinfurt, 24 N. Wurzburg. Lon. 10.
17. E. Lat. 50. 14. N. Pop. 920.
Kissoregunge, X. Hind., in Bundelcund; 18
SE. Chatterpour.
Kistna, X. Carnatic ; 10 W. Volconda.
Kistnabaram, X. Mysore ; 13 S. Tademeri.
Kislnagur, X. Bengal ; 24 N. Goragot.
Kistnagur, X. Bengal ; 16 S. Nagore. Lon. 87.
21. E. Lat. 22. 52. N.
Kistnah, or Kristna, r. Hind., which rises in
the mountains of Visiapour, about 20 miles
from Sattara, and crossing almost the whole of
Hindoostan, from W. to E. ; falls into the bay
of Bengal, by several mouths, between Masuli-
patam and Nizapatam, in foe circar of Guntoor.
Length 650 miles.
Kistnagheri, or Kistnaghurry, X. fa fortress,
Hind., in Mysore ; 54 SE. Bangalore, 66 WSW.
Arcot, 90 E. Seringapatam. Lon. 78. 22. E.
Lat. 12. 30. N. It is situated on a rock nearly
700 feet high.
Kistnaveram, t. Hind., in the' Carnatic, at the
mouth of the river which runs into the bay of
Bengal ; 15 SE. Nellore.
Kistnaporum, X. Golconda ; 48 S. Hydrabad.
Kistnaporam, X. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 25
WNW. Tritchinopoly.
Kiswarda, X. Hungary ; 17 E. Tokay.
Kiszenau, or Kilznu, t. Eu. Turkey, in Mol
davia ; 30 N. Bender, 72 E. Jassy. Lon. 29. 30.
E. Lat. 47. 13. N.
Kitanesjo, X. Japan, on NW. coast of Niphon.
Lon. 127. 30. E. Lat. 36. 40. N.
Ki-tckang, X. Corea ; 65 SSE. Kang-tcheou.
Kitcheng, X. Corea ; 65 ENE. Kiang-ki-tao.
Kitchik-iourlou or Kitsik-iourlou, X. A. Tur
key, in Natolia ;" 16 N. Isbarteh.
Kitchwara, circar, Hind., in Malwa, bounded
N. by foe circar of Cotta, E. by the Chandaree,
S. by Malwa, and W. by Oudipour and Bans-
waleh. Kite'sMills, p-v. Rockingham co. Va.; W. 141.
Kitnaisi, X. Egypt, on the left branch of the
Nile ; 3 NE. Shabur, 20 S. Faoua.
Kitloll, X. Bengal ; 15 SSW. Goragot.
Kitoi, r. Russia, which runs into Angara, near
Zueva. Kitoiska, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Kitoi ;
68 NNW. Irkutsk.
Kitorah, X. Hind., in Boggilcund ; 25 NNE.
Rewah. .
Kitriani, X. on S. coast of the island of Si-
phanto. Lon. 24. 49. E. Lat. 36. 55. N.
Kilns, see Kadros.
Kitsee, or Koptseng, t. Hungary, in Weissen-
burg ; 8 SW. Presburg. Pop. 1,900.
Kitlaning, p-t. fa cap. Armstrong co. Pa., on
E. side of the Alleghany ; 35 NE. Pittsburg, W.
233. Lon. 79. 25. W. Lat. 40. 30. N. Pop. 318 ;
including the township 1,294. It is a pleasant
and thriving village.
Kitten Island, small isl. in the Mergui Archi
pelago, near the SE. coast of Cat island.
Kilter, t. Hind., in Bahar; 37 N. Hajypour.
Kitlery, p-t. York co. Maine, on E. side of
thePiscataqua,opposite to Portsmouth; 6 WSW.
York, 67 NNE. Boston, W. 504. Pop. 1,886.

Kiltila, t. Swedish Lapland ; 103 N. Kemi,
Kitwada, X. Japan, Niphon ; 45 NW. Meaco.
Kilzbuhl, or Kitzbichl, X. Tyrol, on the river
Acha ; 12 SE. Kuffstein, 36 E. Inspruck. Lon.
12. 27. E. Lat. 47. 25. N.
Kitzhick, r. Nepaul, which runs into the Cose,
26 S. Nogarcot
Kitzingen, t. Bavaria, Lower Maine, capital
of a district, on the Maine ; 10 ESE. Wurzburg,
34 NNW. Anspach. Lon. 10. 12. E. Lat 49. 42.
N. Pop. 3,581. It is large and handsome ; and
owes its rise to a noble convent of Benedic
tines, founded in the year 745, by the duke
Pepin. The inhabitants are almost all Lu
therans. Kiu, city, China, of the first rank, in Tche-
kiang; 682 SSE. Peking. Lon. 118.39. E. Lat.
29. 2. N. The situation of this city is agreeable ;
it is built near a fine river, and between two
others that are smaller, that run into it. It bor
ders on Kian-si and Fo-kien.
Kiu-on, t. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si ; 22 S. Pin-yang.
Kiva, see Khieva.
Kivak, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 300 N. Herat..
Kivalore, t. Hind., in the Carnatic ; 8 W. Ne-
gapatam. Kivijani, X. Finland ; 70 SE. Jacobstadt.
Kiuka, X. Finland ; 25 SSE. Biorneborg.
Kiulo, t. Finland ; 30 SSE. Biorneborg.
Kiumen, r. Russia, which runs into the gulf
of Finland, Lon. 26. 18. E. Lat. 60. 50. N.
Kiun, X. China, of the third rank, in Honan ;
12 WNW. Oue-kiun.
Kiun, city, China, of the second rank, in
Hou-quang; 515 SSW. Peking. Lon. 110.46.
E. Lat. 32. 42. N.
Kiun, city, fa s-p. China, of the first rank in
Quang-tong, and capital of foe island of Hai
nan. Lon. 109. 38. E. Lat. 20. N. It is situated
on a promontory, on the N. coast. Ships often
anchor under its walls. It is governed by man
darins, and the jurisdiction extends over 3
towns of the second class, and 10 of the third.
Kiun-tchin, t. China, of the third rank, in
Chang-tong; 30 E. Po.
Kiurewesi, t. Finland ; 55 NNW. Kuopio.
Kiusderen, X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania; 34 W.
Filippopoli. Kiusju, see Ximo.
Kiulaj a, or Cutaj a, ov Kuldj ah, (an. CotyceumJ
X. A. Turkey, capital of a sangiacate, and resi
dence of the beglerbeg of Natolia; 136 SSE.
Constantinople. Lon. 30. 30. E. Lat 39. 14. N.
It contains 10,100 houses, fa upwards of 50,000
inhabitants, of whom 5,000 are Armenians, and
1,000 Greeks. It is situated at the foot of a
moMntain, near the river Pursak, which runs
into the river Sakaria. It is a large and hand
some town, and contains 30 public baths, 50
mosques, 4 Armenian chh., 1 Greek ch., and 20
caravanseras. The soil is fertile, and foe air
healthy. Near it are some warm baths, much
esteemed in several disorders.
Kiwacze, X. Poland, Podlachia ; 20 E. Brzesk.
Ki-yang, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
tong ; 20 WSW. Tchao-tcheou.
Kiz, X. Charasm ; 290 NW. Samarcand.
Kizbuhl, see Kitzbuhl.
Kizelgiek, X. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on. or

KLE

863

KLI

near the site of the ancient Euromus ; 9 NNW.
Melasso. Kizedany, t. Samogitia ; 20 ESE. Rosienne,
Kizilermak, (an. HalysJ r. A. Turkey, which
rises a few miles S. of Kaisarea, in Caramania,
and runs into the Black sea, Lon. 36. E. Lat.
41. 40. N. Length, 500 miles.
Kisit, r. Russia, which runs into the Ural, in
Upha. Kizil-Kaja, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 20 N.
Satalia. Kizil-Kan, X. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 12 W.
Merdin. Kiziligadje, X. Persia, Ghilan ; 25 N. Astara.
Kizilhizar, t, Syria ; 8 E. Antab.
Kizilrabat, t. Arabian Irak ; 10 NNE. Shehr-
ban. Kizil-Ozan, (an. GozanJ r. Persia, which rises
in Adirbeitzan, and crossing the province of
Ghilan, runs into the Caspian sea, at foe south
west angle.
Kizil Tash, or Tamon, isl. at the mouth ofthe
river Kuban, between the Black sea and the sea
of Azoph. Lon. 37. E. Lat. 45. N. It is inhabited
by Cosac Tartars.
Kizilskaia, fortress, Russia, in Upha, on the
Ural ; 144 ENE. Orenburg.
Kisisonan, t. Moravia, in Brunn ; 15 SE.
Brunn, 27. SW. Olmutz Lat. 49. 8. N.
Kizliar, X. Russia, in Caucasus, capital of a
circle, on the Malwa ; 28 miles from the Cas
pian sea, 160 SSW. Astrachan. Lon. 46. 44. E.
Lat. 44. 50. N. Pop. 9, or 12,000. H. 2,000. Its
trade is considerable. It was built in the year
1735, as a frontier town between Russia and
Persia, near foe Caspian sea, inhabited by Co
sacs, who profess Christianity according to the
Greek church. The environs are extremely fer
tile in corn and fruit, with plenty of game.
Kizlak, X. Rus. Podolia ; 16 E. Braclaw.
Klackendorf X. Prussia; 5 SE. Allenstein.
Klacks, small island on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 4. E. Lat. 61. 21. N.
Kladno, X. Bohemia, Schlan ; 10 NW. Prague.
H. 94.
Kladrau, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 2 SE. Mies.
H. 178.
Kiang Point, cape on S. coast of Java. Lon.
109. 32. E. Lon. 7. 40. S.
Kladan, r. Bosnia, which rises near a village
ofthe same name, and runs into the Spretze.
Klaizzarts, Indians, on NW. coast of N. Amer
ica ; 300 S. Nootka Sound.
Klan, X. Istria ; 13 NE. Pedena.
Klan, or Clano, X. Carniola; 5 W. Fiume.
Klattau, or Klattowy, X. Bohemia, capital of a
oircle ; 21 S. Pilsen, 61 SSW. Prague. Lon. 13.
15. E. Lat. 49. 24. N. Pop. 3,906. It was sur
rounded with walls in the year 1000. There are
some silver mines in the neighbourhood, mar
ble quarries, and a mineral spring. Pop. of the
circle, 139,265. Sq. m. 869. '
Klaubendorf X. Austria ; 7 W. Sonneberg.
Klaus, X. Austria ; 10 S. Steyr.
Klausthal, see Clausthal.
Ktebani, X. Rus. Podolia ; 10 S. Braclaw.
Klebanou, X. Russia, in Podolia ; 60 N. Kami
niec. Klecberg, X. Bav. circle of the Rhine, district,
Lindau, Pop. 856.

Kkczewo, X. Poland ; 42 N. Kalisch. Top,
1,250. Kleczk, X. Poland ; 12 WNW. Gnesna. Pop.
700. Klee, i. Ger., which runs into foe Lahn, 2 W.
Giessen. Kkeberg, or Geeberg, t. Nassau; 4 WNW.
Butzbach, 6 S. Wetzlar. Pop. 500.
Klein, X. Stiria ; 12 ESE. Landsperg.
Kleinenberg, X. Pru. Westphalia, in Minden ;
8 NW. Warburg. Fop. 720.
Kkinern, v. Ger., in Waldeck; 4 S. Waldeck.
Here is a mineral spring.
Kleinmauth, X. Stiria, on foe Muchr; 3 N.
Luttenberg. Kleinsdorft. Bavaria; 5 W. Bamberg.
Klempenow, or Clempenow, X. Anterior Pome
rania ; 8 N. Treptow.
Klems, X. Aust. Galicia ; 30 SE. Lemberg.
Klenowitz, X. Moravia, Olmutz ; 8 SE. Ol
mutz. Pop. 592.
Kkntsch, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 5 W. Taufs.
Kkpot, X. Transylvania ; 15 S. Hunyad.
Kkps, I.Norway; 11 S. Stavanger.
Kksaku, t. Walachia ; 21 WSW. Bucharest.
Kletschen, X. Bohemia, ih Leitmeritz ; 5 WNW.
Leitmeritz. Klettenberg, v. Pru. Magdeburg, so called from
an ancient castle, now in ruins ; 5 NW. Nord-
hausen, 10 N. Bleichenrode. Pop. 374.
Kkttgau, district, Baden, known likewise by
the name of TAe county of Sulz, situated near
the Rhine as it leaves the lake of Constance.
Pop. 7,800.
Klewah, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 24 ENE. Lucko.
Kliazma, r. Russia, which runs into the Oka,
at Gorbatov, in Nizegorod.
Klimatovskoi, X. Russia, Novgorod ; 44 WNW.
Novgorod. Klimetzskoi, island, Russia, in foe lake of
Onetzkoi ; 48 NNE. Petrovadsk.
Klimova, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the-Tun-
guska ; 200 E. Eneseisk.
Klimova, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Mura ;
232 ESE. Eneseisk.
KHmovigi, X. Russia, in Mogilev ; 80 E. Mogi
lev. Pop. 600.
Klin, X. Russia, Moscow ; 36 NNW. Moscow.
Pop. 1,086.
Klin, small isl. in the N. Pacific ocean, near
E. coast of Kamtschatka.
Klingbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Rhine,
3 S. Germersheim.
Klingen, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg Sonders
hausen, on foe Heibe ; 2 W. Greussen.
Klingenberg, X. Bav., Lower Maine, 4 NW.
Volckach. Pop. 805.
Klingenberg, X. Pru. ; 8 SSW. Brandenburg.
Klingenbach, r. Silesia, which rises near Neu
Bielau, in Schweidnitz, and runs into the Peil, at
Reichenbach. Klingenfel, X. Carniola ; 3 NE. Rudolfswert, 9
SW. Landstrass.
Klingenthal, X. Saxony, in the Vogtland, in
habited chiefly by miners and woodmen, driven
out of Bohemia on account of their religion ;
12 E. Oelsnitz. Pop. 1,039.
Klingerskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi; 76 SSE.
Nertchinsk. Klingerstown, p-t. Schuylkill co. Pa. W. 185.

KNt

864

KNO

Klingnau, X. Switz., in Aargau ; 9 N. Baden.
Klinkosce, X. Russia, in Podolia ; 52 NNE. Ka
miniec. Klinkosce, r. Russian Poland,,. which runs
into the Dneister, 8 S. Kaminiec.
Klippen, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 32. 10. S.
Klissura, t. Albania ; 58 N. by W. Janna,
Pop. 1,800.
Klitschdorf X. Silesia, in Jauer ; 6 NW. Buntz-
law. Pop. 307. •
Kliutchevskoi, fortress, Russia, in Irkutskoi ;
40 S. Tunguskoi.
Klobusko, X. Poland ; 72 NNW. Cracow. Pop.
933. Kloben, mt. Carinthia ; 18 WNW. Welach.
Klobauk, X. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 20 E. Hra
disch. Pop. 2,345.
Klococz, t. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 4 ENE.
Turnau. Klodawa, X. Poland, in Masovia ; 12 NW..
Lenczicz. Pop. 1,022.
Klodnitz, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder,
1 mile E. Kosel, in Oppeln.
Klcetzen, X. Pru. Magdeburg; 30 SE. Ultzen,
45 E. Zelle. Lon. 11. 8. E. Lat 52. 41. N.
Pop. 1,529.
Kloklsberg, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 12 SE.
Rosenberg. Klokotz, X. Croatia ; 24 S. Carlstadt.
Klosterchen, X. Prussia, in Oberland ; 8 SE.
Marienwerder. Kloten,X. Switz., in Zurich ; 5 N. Zurich.
Klucz, X. Croatia ; 8 E. Bihacs.
Klynden LSI, small isl. on E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 20. 54. E. Lat. 60. 37. N.
Klydan Star, small isl. on E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 20. 48. E. Lat. 60. 37. N.
Klysso, X. Prussia, in Pomerelia ; 33 SSW.
Dantzic. Kmidomouka, X. Russia, in Kiev; 32 SSE.
Bialacerkiew. Knap's Bay, bay in Hudson's bay. Lon. 94.
54. W. Lat. 61. 15. N.
Knappsburg, p-v. in Oxford, N. York. W. 333.
Knared, X. Sweden, in Halland ; 14 ESE.
Halmstadt. Knuresborough, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, on the
river Nid, which almost encompasses it ; 13
WNW. York, 199 N. London. Lon. 1. 28. W.
Lat. 54. 8. N. Pap. 4,234. It sends 2 members
to parliament. Here is a manufacture of linen
cloth, sheeting, fac, and near it are several me
dicinal springs. The market is on Wednesday.
Knau, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 4 N. Ziegenruck.
Knaudenheim, X. Bav. circle of the Rhine ; 7
S. Spire.
Knee Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 95. W.
Lat 55. N.
Knee Mead, cape on E. coast of foe island of
Lewis. Lon. 6. 9. W. Lat. 58. 19. N.
Knekinice, X. Aust. Galicia ; 28 SE. Lemberg.
Knesselarl, or Knaslaer, X. Flanders ; 11 ESE.
-Bruges. Knezdo, or Sokolovo, mt. Croatia ; 32 E. Bi
hacs. Knezriosis, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau; 8 NE.
Jung Buntzlau.
Kniaginin, t. Russia, in Nizegorod.; 40 ENE.
Niznei Novgorod. Fop. 1,012.

Knaise, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 50 SW, Lucko.
Kniebis, mt. Ger., in Brisgau, W. Freyburg.
Knife River, r. N. A., which runs into the
Missouri, at the Mandan village.
Knifven, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 30. E. Lat. 60. 38. N.
Knight's Canal, inlet of the Pacific ocean, on
W. coast of N. America, extending in an E. and
NE. direction about 50 miles. Its entrance from
an arm of the sea lies in Lon. 233. 16. E. Lat.
50. 45. N.
Knight's Island, small isl. in Beering's bay, a
little NW. Eleanor's sound. Lon. 220. 47. E-
Lat. 59. 45. N.
Knight's Island, isl. in Prince William's sound,
about 30 miles in length from N. to S., and
from 2 to 5 broad. Lon. 212. 52. E. Lat. 60.
24. N. '
Knight's Island, small island in Hudson's bay.
Lon. 93. 30. W. Lat. 61. 50. N.
Knight's Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, and
the largest of those called the Snares, by Capt.
Vancouver. The S. point, situated in Lon. 166.
44. E. Lat. 48. 15. S. No inhabitants were seen
by the discoverers.
Knighton, X. Wales, in Radnor, on the river
Teme, which separates it from Shropshire ; 28
NNW. Hereford, 155 WNW. London. Lon. 2.
48. W. Lat. 52. 14. N. Pop. 952.
Knightsbridge, v. Eng., in Middlesex ; 1 W.
London. Knin, X. Bohemia, in Beraun ; in the neigh
bourhood there is a gold mine ; 12 SE. Beraun.
Lon. 14. 18. E. Lat. 49. 49. N. H. 140.
Knin, X. Dalmatia, on a narrow neck, where
the river Kerka is joined by another stream,
called Butim-schiza ; 40. E. Zara. Lon. 16. 55.
E. Lat. 43. 65. N. This is supposed to be the
ancient castle called Arduba, taken by German-
icus. Knip Bay, bay on W. coast of the island of
Curacoa. Kniphausen, s-p. fa lordship, Oldenburg, in
Jever, which takes its name from an ancient
castle ; 5 ESE. Jever, 37 E. Emden. Lon. 8.
E. Lat. 53. 29.N. Pop. of the lordship, 2,856.
Knischin, see Knyszyn.
Knisteneaux, see Cree Indians.
Knittelfeldl, X. Stiria, on the river Muehr ; 20
SW. Pruck, 78 SW. Vienna. Lon. 14. 36. E.
Lat 47. 14. N. Pop. 1,080.
Knittlingen, X. Wurtemberg, the birth-place of
Faust, one of the first printers ; 19 NW. Stutt
gart, 22 S. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,064.
Knock Head, cape, Scotland, on N. coast of
Bamffshire ; 3 WNW. Bamff.
Knockbrack, mt. Ireland, in Cork ; 10 N. Cork.
Knockcloghan, mt. Ireland, in Londonderry ;
4 N. Lough Neagh.
Knockduagh, mt. Ireland, in Galway; 18 W.
Galway. Knoclce, or Knocque, see Kenock.
Knocklayd, mt Ireland, Antrim ; 2 S. Bally-
castle. Knockmekdown, mt. Ireland, between the
counties of Tipperary and Waterford ; 24 W.
Waterford. Knocknarea, promontory or cape of Ireland,
in Sligo bay ; 6 W. 'Sligo.
Knocknashee, mts. Ireland, in the county of
Sligo ; 13 SW. Sligo.

KNY

865

KOC

Knocklopher, t. Ireland, in Kilkenny; 10 S.
Kilkenny, 15 N. Waterford.
Knonau, v. Switz., in Zurich. Fop. 388.
Knotlingley, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the W.
Riding ; 3 NE. Pontefract. Pop. 3,327.
Knowlton, X. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 2,701.
Knowlton Mills, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. ; W. 218.
Knox, t. Hancock co. Maine ; 10 NW. Belfast.
Pop. 560.
Knox, t. Albany co. N. Y., taken from Bern
since 1820.
Knox, co. in central part of Ohio. Pop. 8,326.
Chief town, Mount Vernon.
Knox, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop, 535.
Knox, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 4 miles from Ohio
river; 11 N. by W. Steuben ville.
Knox, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 219.
Knox, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 1,677.
Knox, co. in SW. part of Indiana. Pop. 5,437.
Chief town, Vincennes.
Knox, co. S. side of Ken. Pop. 3,661. Chief
town, Barboursville.
Knox, co. E. Tennessee. Pop. in 1810, 10,171 ;
slaves, 1,271., Pop. in 1820, 13,034; slaves,
1,825. Chief town, Knoxville.
Knoxville, p-t. fa cap, Knox co. Ten., on the
Holston, 4 miles below foe mouth of French
Broad river; and 22 above the junction of the
Holston with Tennessee river ; 134 WSW. Ab
ingdon, 190 E. Nashville, 190 S. Lexington, 455
WSW. Richmond, W. 538. Lon. 83. 44. W.
Lat. 35.45. N. Fop. in 1818, about 1,400. Itis
pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, and con
tains a court house, a jail, a state bank, an acad
emy, barracks sufficient to accommodate 700
men, two printing offices, from each of which is
issued a weekly newspaper, and 3 houses of
public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Bap
tists, and 1 for Methodists. It is the largest town
in East Tennessee, and \vas formerly the seat of
the state government Hampden Sydney Acad
emy, in this town, is a respectable seminary.
A college, styled Blount, or East Tennessee
College, was established in this town several
years since, and a president first elected in 1820,
Knoxville, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio; 11 NNW.
Steubenville, W. 289.
Knuckle Point, cape on NE. coast of New
Zealand, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 186. 21.
W. Lat. 34. 51. S.
Knud's Hoved, cape, Denmark, on E. coast of
Sleswick ; 8 NE. Hadersleben. Lon. 9. 40. E.
Lat. 55. 20. N.
Knud's Hoved, cape, Denmark, On E. coast of
the isl. of Fyen, projecting into the Great Belt,
and forming a bay on the S. of the town of Nye-
borg. Lon. 10. 52. E. Lat. 55. 17. N. .
Knud's Hoved, cape, Denmark, on SW. coast
of theisl.of Zealand. Lon.ll.37.E. Lat.55.5.N.
Knudslorp, X. Sweden, in Schonen ; 4 Helsing-
borg. Lon. 12. 45. W. Lat. 56. 2. N.— Native,
Tycho Brahe.
Knutsford, X. Eng., in Cheshire; 15 SSW.
Manchester, 173 WNW. London. Lon. 2. 33. W.
Lat. 53. 21. N. Pop. 2,114; Here is a silk mill,
and manufacture of shag velvets.
Knulweil, bailiwick, Switz., in Lucerne.
Knyndt, t. Rus. Grodno ; 10 S. Grodno.
Knyno, r. Wales, which runs into foe Tivy,
about 5 miles below Cardigan.
Vol. I. 109

Knyszyn, X. Rus., in Bialystock ; 36 N. Bielsk.
Pop. 1,699.
Kb, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-si ;
12 SW. Tai.
Koadgwah, t. Hind., in Jenhat; 20 WNW.,
Gujurat. "
Koan-tcheou, X. Corea; 150 S. King-ki-tao.
Lon. 125. 4\, E. Lat. 35. 6. N.
Koang-chon, X. China, of foe third rank, in
Ho-nan ; 12 SW. Kouang.
Koang-hoa, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang; 27 NNW. Siang-yang.
Koang-tse, X. China, of foe third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 12 NW. Chaou-ou.
Kolta, X. Africa, in Kullo. Lon. 9. W. Lat.
12. 20. N.
Koba, t. Arabia, in Hedsjaz ; 3 NW. Medina.
Kboo, t. Turkestan ; 70 E. Toncat.
Koback, X. Sclavonia, on foe Save ; 20 ESE.
Belgrade. Koback, X. Africa, in Yani.
Kobad, district, Persia, in W. part of Far
sistan. Kobak, X. Sweden, W. Bothnia ; 7 NW. Umea.
Koban Kupri, t. Turkish Armenia ; 27 E. Er
zerum. Kobel, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oppa ;
7 W. Jagerndorf.
Kobelnika, X. Aust. Galicia ; 34 W. Lemberg.
Kobelpude, t. Prussia, in Samland ; 5 E. Fiscb-
hausen. Koben, X. Silesia, in Glogau, on the Oder ; 9
S. Guhrau, 16 SE. Gross Glogau. Lon. 16. 26.
E. Lat. 51.31. N.
Koberstein, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 8 S. Ziegenhals.
Kobi, X. Russia, in Caucasus ; 60 SE. Ekateri-
nograd. Kobiele, X. Rus. Grodno ; 20 NNE. Grodno.
Kobil, X. Russia, in Petersburg, on E. coast of
the Tchudschoi lake ; 24 N. Pskov.
Kobilinkaia, X. Russia, in the country of the
Cosacs ; 156 ENE. Azoph.
Kobin, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 30 S. Zareng.
Kobiniki, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 52 ENE. Wilna.
Kobolta, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into foe
Reut, 8 W. Floreszti, in Moldavia.
Kobryn, X. Rus. Grodno ; 28 E. Brzesc.
Kobyn, X. Rus. Grodno ; 34 ESE. Brzesc.
Kochberg, X. Austria ; 3"W. Crems.
Kocheiskaia, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
Ilga ; 28 NW. Vercholensk.
Kochel, i. Silesia, which runs into foe Zack,
in Jauer.
Kochendorf X. Wurt., at the union of the Ko
cher and the Necker; 3 SE. Wimpfen, 6 N.
Heilbronn. Pop. 970.
Kocher, r. Ger., which rises in the forest of
Ulm, passes by Abtsgmund, Gaildorf, Hall,'
Geislingen, Forchenberg, Sinderingen, fac, and
runs into the Necker, 2 miles above Wimpfen.
Kochersperg, X. Wurt. ; 10 S. Elwangen.
Kock, X. Rus. Poland, on foe Wieprz ; 31 N.
Lublin. Pop. 900. ¦ .
Kocni, X. Walachia, on the Ardgis ; 15 N. Bu
charest. Kocundy, t. Africa, in Sierra Leone, on the
Rio Nunaz ; 200 W. Laby.
Kocyck, X. Poland, in Lublin ; 24 N. Lublin.
Koczarawae, t, Rus. Podolia ; 48 SSW. Brac
law.

KOE

866

KOK

.Koczmyn, X. Rus. Novogrodek ; 28. N. Sluck.
Koczowa, X. Rus. Kiev ; 22 SSE. Bialacerkiew.
Kbdoio, t, Arabia, Nedsjed ; 50 W. Jamama.
Kodally, X. Mysore; 27 E. Chinna Balabaram.
Kodeme, r. Poland, which runs into the Bog,
fn Braclaw.
Koden, X. Rus. Grodno ; 12 S. Brzesc.
Kodgia-hisar, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir ; 10
S. Merdin, 54 SSE- -Diarbekir.
Kodgia-shehr, X. Natolia; 12 N. Kiutajah.
Kodiak, range of islands, consisting of one
large one and several smaller, in the N. Pacific
ocean, extending about 120 miles in length from
SW. to NE., and about 40 miles in breadth;
above 20 miies from W. coast of America, and
30 S. from the entrance into Cooke's inlet.
Lon. 206. 12. to 208. 45. E. Lat. 56. 45. to
58. 28. N.
Kodi-hisar, X. A. Turkey, Aladulia; 18 NE.
Sivas. Kodi-hissar, (an. NovusJ t A. Turkey, in Na
tolia ; 18 N. Kiangari.
Koding, r. Stiria, which rises 8 SSE. Windisch
Gratz, and runs into the Save, 2 S. Cilley.
Kodinska, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 224 E. Enise-
isk. Lon. 99. 14. E. Lat. 58. 30. N.
Kodma, X. Persia, Kerman ; 40 N. Kerman-
shir. Kodmana, X. Walachia ; 10 S. Kordedearda.
Kodnia, t Rus. Volhynia ; 10 S. Zytomiers.
Koei, or Koei-yang, city, China, of the first
rank, in Koei-tcheou; 940 SSW. Peking. Lon.
106. 19. E. Lat. 26. 30. N. This is one of foe
smallest cities of China, the circuit of it being
not above three miles ; the houses are partly of
earth, and partly brick. It is a place of no trade,
the river not being navigable,
Koeingsbruck, r. France, which, runs into foe
Rhine, near Seltz, in Lower-Rhine.
Koei-tcheou, pr. China, bounded N. by Se-
tchuen, E. by Hou-quang, S. by Quang-si, and
W. by Se-tchuen. It is full of lofty mountains,
and partly inhabited by people that would never
Submit to the emperor, and who live indepen
dent of the laws of the empire. Koei is the
capital. Koei-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Se-tchuen ; 637 SSW. Peking. Lon. 109. 14. E.
Lat. 31. 10. N. This city is seated on the banks
of the great river Kincha, or Yang-tse, and is
foe key to the province, where there is a cus
tom-house kept to receive the duties of the
merchandize which is brought here. It is very
rich, through its great commerce. There are 10
towns within its jurisdiction, 1 of the second
order, and 9 pi the third.
Koeiling, X. China, of the third rank, in Koei-
tcheou ; 25 NW. Tou-yuen.
Kcelbra, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg Rudolstadt ;
6 N. Frankenhausen, 12 SE. Nordhausen.
Koelcolly, t. Thibet, on the Ganges; 30 S.
Gangotri. Koele, ridge of mountains between Sweden
and Norway.
Koelskaia, fortress, Russia, in Upha, on the
Upelka ; 40 SW. Tcheliabinsk.
Koen, t. China of the third rank, in Se-tchuen ;
37 W. Han.
Koen-chan, t. China, of the third rank, in Ki
ang-nan ; 10 NE. Sou-tcheou.

Kcenigshofen, see Konigshofen,
Koen-yang, city, China, of the second rank,
in Yun-nan ; 1,170 SSW. Peking. Lon. 102. 24.
E. Lat. 24.6. N.
Kapenick, X. Brandenburg ; 6 SE. Berlin.
Koetekoie, small island in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 132; 8. E. Lat. 4. 38. S.
Koetzing, X. Bavaria ; 33 E. by N. Ratisbon.
Pop. 906.
Koewak, X. on S. coast of the isle of Ceram.
Lon. 129. 18. E. Lat. 3. 14. S.
Kof X. Japan, in Niphon ; 27 SE. Nigata.
Kofel, X. Tyrol, on the borders of the Vicen-
tin ; 21 E. Trent Here is a celebrated pass,
with a fort erected on a high and steep rock:
Kofes, mountains, Persia, between Mecran
and Kerman.
Kosta, X. Stiria; 2 WNW. Voitsberg.
Kogalnik, r. Moldavia, which runs into the
Reut, 4 WNW. Orhei.
Koge, see Kioge.
Kogelberg, fortress, Pru. Westphalia; 1 E.
Volkm arsen.
Kpgelnick, or Kunduk, r. Eu. Turkey, which
runs into foe Black sea, 12 S. Tartar Bunar.
Kogelein, X. Moravia, Prerau ; 14 S. Olmutz.
Lon. 17. 15. E. Lat. 49. 20.. N. Pop. 3,030.
Kogl, X. Stiria; 17 NNW. Rakespurg.
Kogong, X. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon. 12,
12. E. Lat. 10. 45. N.
Kogorli, r. Moldavia, which runs into the
Pruth, 24 N. Galatz.
Kpgsten, X. Prussia ; 7 W. Pilkallen.
Kofi Zerde, mountains, Persia,' in Chusistan,
bordering on the Irak.
Kohasp, mt. Persia, N. of Suster.
Kohaul, t. Candahar ; 130 SE. Cabul. Lon.
70. 20. E. Lat. 33. 5. N.
Kohhel, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 10 N. Debin.
Kohlberg, X. Bavaria, in Sulzbach; 7 SW.
Weiden, 11 NNE. Sulzbach. Pop. 458.
Kohmu, X. Bengal ; 9 N. Toree.
Kohrood,X. Persia; 60 N. Ispahan. It con
tains 200 houses.
Kohlaum, X. Bengal ; 18 W. Doesa.
Koja Kiz, X. Charasm, near lake Aral ; 18
NE. Urkonje.
Koidanow, X. Rus. Minsk; 15 SW. Minsk.
Koie, see Kaui.
Ko-hoa, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si; 1,080 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 56. E.
E. Lat. 23. 22. N.
Kahone, X. Africa, in Bursali.
Koje, see Scarpanto.
Kojend, or Kogend, or Cojend, X. Grand Buk
haria, on the left bank of the Sir, on the bor
ders of Turkestan ; 90 S. Tashkund, 120 NE.
Samarcand. Koilutsch, t. Servia, at foe conflux of the Mo-
rava and Danube ; 6 NW. Passarowitz.
Koivirah, l. Persian Armenia ; 18 S. Erivan.
Koisju, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 26 W. Naka.
Koivista, X. Russia, Viborg ; 20 S. Viborg.
Kokar, small isl. in the Baltic, about 30 SE.
from the island of Aland. Lon. 20. 46. E. Lat.
59. 58. N.
Kokerwara, X. Guzerat ; 15 NW. Amedabad.
Koketarra, t. Hind., Gangpour; 16NE.Pada.
Koklot, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
I Bothnia. Lon. 21. 25.E. Lat. 62. 17. N.

KOL

867

KOL

Koko, rocky shoal in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
124. 20. E. Lat. 6. 24. S.
Kokonor, or Kokhpnowr, countiy, Asia, W. of
China, and NE. of Thibet, inhabited by Tartars,
descended from the Eluths, and governed by
princes, descended from a king of China. They
principally inhabit about a lake, supposed to be
the largest in Tartary, about 20 leagues in
length, and 10 in breadth, and situated from
the 100th to the 101st deg. E. Lon. and of Lat.
36. 40. to 37. 10. N.
Kokore, X. Hind., Kitchwara ; 45 ENE. Sha-
jehanpour. Kokoro, E. branch ofthe Senegal river, which
rises about Lon. 6. 40. W. Lat. 11. 60. N. and
joins W. branch, 80 E. Gallam, about Lat. 14. N.
Kokory, X. Moravia, in Prerau ; 6 NW. Pre
rau. Pop. 631.
Kokra, x. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 20 S. Rut
tunpour. Koksoak, r. N. A. which runs into Ungava
bay, Lat. 58. 36. N.
Kokura, s-p. Japan, on N. coast of Ximo.
Lon. 130. 20. E. Lat. 33. 50. N. It is a place
of extensive trade, but the harbour is nearly
filled up with sand. It is surrounded with walls,
and at the end of the town is a citadel.
Kokiczany; X. Bohemia, Pilsen ; 8 E. Pilsen.
Lon. 13. 45. E. Lat. 49. 44. N.
Kola, s-p. Russia, the chief town in Russian
Lapland, now called the circle of Kola, in
Archangelskoe ; 540 N. Petersburg. Lon. 33. 0.
E. Lat. 68. 32. N. H. 50. Churches 2. It is sit
uated near the North sea, on the river Kola,
which forms a bay at its mouth, where is a con
siderable fishery for whales, sea-dogs, and other
fish, which the inhabitants cure for sale. The
circle, including the whole of Russian Lapland
is very dreary and thinly peopled, supposed to
oontain not more than 2,000 inhabitants.
Koto, t Servia; 5 S. Seinendria.
Kola, X. Turkish Armenia ; 40 NE. Kars.
Kolaboora, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 20 NE. Sum
bulpour. Kolali, X. Natolia ; 36 NE. Alah-Shehr.
Kolan, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chan-si ; 250 WSW. Peking. Lon. 111. 14. E.
Lat. 38. 52. N.
Kolar, t. Africa, in Bursali, near the coast of
the Atlantic. Lon. 15. 55. W. Lat. 13. 50. N.
Kolassin, X. Eu. Turkey, in Dalmatia ; 24 SE.
Mostar. Kolay, r. Cochin China, which runs into the
Chinese sea, Lon. 108. 54. E. Lat. 13. 51. N.
Kalbach, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Vilz,
10 W. Vilz.
Kolbenburg, see Colmberg.
Kolbendorf X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 9
NNW. Trautenau.
. Kolbichj X. Ger., in Anhalt Cothen ; 4 W.
Bernburg. Kolchy, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 52 N. Zyto-
miers. Koldenkirchen, X. Holstein ; 5 S. Bracmsted.,
Koleihisar, t. A. Turkey; in Sivas ; 45 NNE.
Sivas. Koleschowitz, X. Bohemia, in Rakonitz ; 6 W.
Rakonitz. - '
Kolgdpari, t. Russia,' in Olonetz ; 80 NNW.
Olonetz.

Koliakov, X. Russia, in Simbirsk, on foe Sura s
80 WSW. Simbirsk.
Koliazin, X. Russia, in Tver ; 68 ENE. Tver.
Pop. 3,521.
Kolikunda, X. Africa, in Jerriarrow.
Kolin, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim, on the Elbe ;
8 E. Kaurzim, 30 ESE. Prague. Lon. 15. 15. E.
Lat. 49. 58. N. Pop. 4,387. In 1757, a battle
was fought here between foe Prussians com
manded by the king, and the Austrians under
count Daun. — The Prussians lost 8,000 men.
Kolineiz, X. Bohemia, in Prachatitz ; 5 NW.
Schuttenhofen. Kolivan, or Kolyvan, city, Asiatic Russia, in
Tomsk, capital of a district, on the Oby ; 480
SSE. Tobolsk, 880 E. Upha. Lon. 81. 20. E.
Lat. 54. 20. N. Pop. 3,000. Near this city are
some rich silver mines, discovered in the year
1725. The silver dug from these mines is mix
ed with the proportion of three to a hundred
parts of gold, and is sent to Petersburg. From
the accounts of the board of mines, those of
Kolivan produced, since they were discovered
in 1725, till 1786, about 3,520,000 pounds of
silver, and 48,000 pounds of gold, which yield
at an average a produce of 50,000 pounds of
silver, and 1,600 pounds of gold per annum.
The mines and founderies of Kolivan, formerly
employed nearly 40,000 men exclusive of its
peasants ; and were the most considerable in
the Altai, but they have of late much declined,
in consequence of the exhaustion of the neigh
bouring forests.
Kolki, t. Rus. Volhynia ; 22 NNE. Lucko,
Kdlkotovatoi, isl. in foe Caspian sea, near W,
coast. Lat. 44. 45. N.
Kollat, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria; 72 ESE.
Dristra. Kollalzheim, X. Bavaria ; 2 NW. Geroltzhofen.
Kolluvi, countiy, Africa, between Asben and
Cashna, inhabited by the Tuarick.
Kohi, (an. Colonia Fragana,) a hamlet, near
Cleves, 5 SE. Schenck.
Kollerstorff, X. Austria ; 8 SW. Sonneberg,
Kolno, X. Poland ; 80 NE. Warsaw. Pop. 945.
Kolo, lake, Russia, in Archangelskoe ; 28 S.
Archangel. Kolo, X. Poland ; 24 NE. Kalisch. Pop. 1,988.
Kolocken, X. Courland ; 32 NE. Piltyn.
Koladnia, X. Russia, in Novgorod ; 32 S.
Tcherepovetz. Kologrin, X. Russia, in Kostrom, on foe Unza;
116 NE. Kostrom. Lat. 58. 55. N.
Kolomea, or Kolomyia, X. Aust. Galicia, capi
tal of a circle, on the Pruth ; 80 NNW. Suc-
sava, 86 SSE. Lemberg. Pop. 1,900. Pop. of
the circle 160.629. H. 30,091. Sq. m. 1,696.
Kolomna, X. Russia, in Moskovskaia, on the
river Kolomenka ; 48 SE. Moscow. Pop. 5,809.
H. 1,062. Churches 16. Convents 2. Seminary
1. Bp. see.
Koloneszli, X. Walachia ; 50 N. Bucharest.
Kolor, X. Africa, Woolly ; 20 ENE. Medina.
Kolowecz,X. Bohemia, Pilsen; 8 ESE. Tei-
nitz, 20 SW. Pilsen.
Koloz, X. Transylvania ; 14 SSE. Hunyad. '
Kolpak, X. Bessarabia ; 40 W. Akerman.
Kolpakovskoi, fortress, Russia, in Upha, on
the Ural ; 124 E. Orenburg.
Kplskoi; X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on'Ev
side of the Dwina; 96 SSE. Archangel

KOM

868

KON

Koller, one ofthe Faroe islands.
Koltyniany, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 32 E. Wil-
komierz. Koltyniany, X. Samogitia ; 28 NW. Rosienne.
Koltubra, r. which rises in Bosnia, about 8 N.
Fochia, passes soon after into Servia, and runs
into the Save, 20 below Sabacz.
Klovereide, X. Norway ; 95 NNE. Drontheim.
Kolumbatz, t. Macedonia ; 68 N. Akrida.
Kolyma, or Kovima, r. Siberia, which rises in
the Virchayansky mountains, N. of Ochotskoy,
and after a course of upwards of 1,200 miles
flows into the Frozen ocean, near Nischney
Kolymsk. ,
Kolzum, (an. Clysma,) t. Egypt, near E. coast
of the Red sea, formerly a seaport, but the sea
has long since left the coast. This town has
been long destroyed ; but, according to Volney,
the name is still attached to a hillock of sand,
bricks, and stones, on the coast of the Red sea,
about 300 paces N. Suez. D'Anville, places it
16 S. Suez.
Kom, mt. Croatia ; 32 S. Bihacz.
Kom, or Coin, or Koom, (an. Choana,) X. Per
sia, in Irak; 160 N. Ispahan. Lon. 51.14. E.
Lat. 34. 20. N. Pop. about 15,000. It is said to
have contained formerly 15,000 houses, but is
now much reduced, and- exhibits extensive
ruins. It is esteemed by the Persians a holy
city, and has a celebrated mosque, and an asy
lum for debtors, who are protected and sup
ported. One of the mosques is highly esteemed
by the Persians, because of the sepulchres of
Shah Sdphy, and his son Shah Abbas II. and
that of Sidy Fatima, grand daughter of Ma
homet. These tombs are frequented by pilgrims
from all parts of Persia, who resort hither once
a year to pay their devotions. Kom is cele
brated for manufacturing the best sabres and
poniards of all Persia. The walls of the town
are lofty, and it has seven gates. The grand
bazar crosses the town from one gate to the
other; besides which, there are others well
furnished with coffee houses, and shops of
various kinds. The country round about is fer
tile in rice and fruit.
Kama, X. Rus. Wilna ; 42 S. Braslaw.
, Kama, L Persia, Chorasan ; 227 NNE. Herat.
Komana, X. Walachia ; 18 S. Bucharest.
Komana, district, Africa, on the Slave coast.
Komango, or Antango, one of the Friendly
isles ; 5 E. Annamooka.
komara, X. Mysore ; 65 ENE. Harponelly.
Komama, X. Aust. Galicia ; 24 SSW. Lemberg.
Kombah, t. Africa, in Gago ; 170 E. Kaffaba.
Lon. 2. 30. E. Lat. 11. 26. N.
Komiba, km. Africa, near the Atlantic, S. of
the Gambia.
kombregudu, or Comb r ego Adou, km. Africa,
on the banks of the river Falemi, about Lon.
10. W. Lat. 13. 10. N.
Komehq, or Komsha, t. Persia, in Irak ; 39 S.
Ispahan. Fop. 30,000. It is celebrated for. its
gardens and dove-houses; it was once more
considerable than it now is, as the ruins testify.
Th« inhabitants are of a bad character) and
miserably poor.
Konunting, t Borneo ; 45 N. Negara.
Komeuiing, t. Borneo-; 15 SSW. Negara,
Kome-isa, t, Walachia ; 20 S. Rusei.

Komiltzki, t. Prussia ; 8 SE. Johannesburg.
Komol, or Comol, s-p. Nubia, with a small
but safe harbour in the Red sea. Lon. 35. 15.E.
Lat. 22. 45. N.
Komri, (AIJ mountainous ridge in the inte
rior part of Africa, called also the Mountains of
the .Moon, bounding the country of Donga. Lat.
7. N.
Komrije, see Koum Erije.
Kouapour, t. Hind., in Sanore ; 50 ENE. Goa,
77 S. Merritch. Lat. 15. 45. N.
Konayar, X. Hind., in Mysore; 11 ESE. San-
keridurgum. Kondi, or Pango de Okango, district, Africa,
in Congo.
Kondiolax, X. Finland ; 6 E. Kuopio.
Kondoz, X. Grand Bukharia ; 60 NW. Ande-
rab. Lon. 67. 22. E. Lat. 36. 50. N.
Kondra, X. Bengal.; 36 SW. Doesa.
Kondur, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 100 SE.
Aurungabad, 125 NW. Hydrabad.
Konevetz, small isl. Russia, in lake Ladoga ;
60 NNE. Petersburg.
Konezkoi, X. Russia, in Vologda, on foe Vim ;
56 NE. Yarensk.
Kong, or Gonjah, country, Africa, between
Ashantee and Banibarra, and between the me
ridian of Greenwich and 5 degrees W., and the
10th and 12th degrees N. Lat. It gives name
to some lofty mountains, part of a chain ex
tending from the coast of the Atlantic to Abys
sinia. Kong, or Gonjah, t. Africa, fa cap. of Kong.
Lon. 3. 20. W. Lat 11. 30. N.
Kongo, t. Africa, in Loango.
Kong fors, t. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 16
NW. Umea. «
Konghell, or Kongshale, or Kongalf or Kong-
Elf X. Sweden, in West Gothland, on an island
in the Gotha ; 10 N. Gottenburg. Pop. 752. It
was formerly the capital of Norway, and resi
dence of kings, but now gone to decay.
Kang-ngan, X. China, of, the third rank, in
Hou-quang ; 27 S. King-tcheou.
Kongsbacctt, s-p. Sweden, in Halland ; 13 S.
Gottenburg. Lon. 12. 7.E. Lat. 57. 27. N. Pop.
436.. Kongsberg, see Conisberg.
Kongswinger, t. Norway, in Christiania ; 42
NE. Christiania. Lat. 60. 12. N.
Kong-tchang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chen-si, near the river Kin ; 650 WSW. Peking.
Lon. 104. 19. E. Lat. 34. 56. N. This city is
very populous, and drives a great trade. It is
built on the banks of the river Hoei, and sur
rounded with very high mountains. , In the
neighbourhood is found abundance of musk.
This city has in its territories 3 towns of the
second order, and 7 of the third.
Koni, X. Imiretta ; 30 SW. Cotatis.
Konjada, (Gros,) X. Pru., in Culm ; 12 NNW.
Strasburg. Konjada, (Klein,) X. Pru., in Culm ; 14 NNW.
Strasburg. Koniaut, (Big,) lake, Erie co. Pa. ; W. of Le
Boeuf.' Koniaut, (Little,) lake, Crawford co. Pa. ; 8
W. Meadville, 3 miles long, and 1 broad.
Koniecppkj t. Poland ; 80 N. Cracow. Pop.
1,042.

KON

869

KON

Konieh, or Cogni, (an. IconiumJ city, A.Tur
key, in Caramania, capital of a pachalic ; 260
SE. Constantinople. Lon. 32. 30. E. Lat. 37.52.
N. Pop. 15,000. It was anciently the capital
of Lycaonia, and formerly the see of a Greek
abp. ; but was never a city of great importance,
and has the aspect of decay, with but little
trade. Its chief interest is now derived from
Mussulman structures, particularly the mosques,
of these are 12 large, and more than 100 small.
Those of Sultan Selim and Scheik Ibrahim are
large and magnificent, and the beauty of their
interior much admired. The madessas or col
leges are also numerous, and some of them
beautiful. Mountains covered with snow rise
on every side of the city, except on the east.
Konigiuhof, see Konigshof
Konigingratz, or Kralowe Hradecz, city, Bohe
mia, and capital of a circle to which it gives
name, on the Elbe ; 58 E. Prague, 120 N. Vi
enna. Lon. 15. 39. E. Lat. 60. 10. N. Pop.
5,703. H. 717. Bp. see. It contains 7 churches,
2 hospitals, and a gymnasium. — Pop. of the
circle 262,802. Sq. m. 1,283.
Konigsbach, or Kinspach, X. Baden ; 5 NW.
Pforzheim. Pop. 725.
Konigsaal, X. Bohemia, Beraun ; 8 E. Beraun.
Konigsberg, city, Prussia, capital of the prov
ince of East Prussia, and of a government of
the same name, formerly capite.l of the king
dom, on the Pregel; 75 ENE. Dantzic, 420
SW. Petersburg. Lon. 20. 29. E. Lat. 54. 42. N.
Pop, in 1810, 55,197; of whom 8,000 were
Jews ; in 1818, 58,623. H. 4,503. The Pregel
flows into a large inlet of the sea, call Frische
Haff, 4 miles from foe city ; at its mouth, there
is a bar, that prevents the passage of vessels
drawing more than 8 feet. There are 7 bridges
over the arms of the Pregel. The streets are
straight, and generally spacious, and foe houses
are built on piles, like those of Amsterdam.
The city consists of 3 parts, Old Town, Lobe-
nicht, and Kneiphof, and has also extensive
suburbs. The wall surrounding the whole is 9
miles in circuit, but more than one half of foe
space included consists of gardens and corn
fields. Konigsberg was formerly one of the Hanse
towns, and has long made a considerable figure
in commerce. The exports consist of wheat,
rye, hemp, flax, linseed, tallow, wax, and oil.
The number of ships, that arrived here, in 1814,
was 671. Its manufactures consist of woollen,
leather, gloves, fac, and extensive breweries
and distilleries.
Konigsberg is the centre of literature and
education for E. Prussia, and contains 23 chh.,
13 Lutheran, 2 Reformed, 1 Catholic, and 1
Mennonist ; a synagogue, 32 hospitals, a public
library, 7 gymnasia and lyceums, a botanic gar
den, and a University. The university was
founded in 1544, and has 18 professors ; and
connected with it are two literary societies.
The number of students, in 1814, was 261. —
Natives, Klein, Grabe, and Kant — The govern
ment of Konigsberg contains 490,268 inhabi
tants, and 8,964 sq. m., divided in 8 circles.
Konigsberg, X. Hungary, on the river Gran; 7
WNW. Bukans.
Konigsoerg, t Stiria; 6 NE. Rein.

Konigsberg, or Klinkowice, t. Silesia, in Trop
pau ; 13 SE. Troppau, 20 W. Teschen. Lon. 18.
10. E. Lat. 49. 40. N. Pop. 911.
Konigsberg, X. Hesse, in Upper-Hesse ; 5 N.
Wetzlar; 38 NNE. Mentz. Lon. 8. 35. E. Lat.
50. 38. N. Pop. 371.
Konigsberg, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frank
fort; 24 NNW. Custrin, 45 NE. Berlin. Lon. 14.
33. E. Lat. 53. 2. N. Pop. 3,621. It contains a
lyceum, a hospital, and 2 Lutheran churches.
Konigsberg, X. Ger., belonging to Hildburg
hausen, but surrounded by Bavaria, on the side
of a mountain, on which is an ancient castle ;
12 NW. Bamberg, 20 SSW. Coburg. Lon. 10.
45. E. Lat. 50. 4. N. Pop. 750.
Konigsberg, t. Bohemia, in Saatz; 6NE.Egra,
6 SW. Falkenau. Pop. 2,586.
Konigsberg, or Konigsperg, X, Saxe Weimar ;
2 E. Schweinfurt.
Konigsbronn, t. Wurt.; 20 NNE. Ulm.
Konigsbruk, X. Saxony, in Lusatia ; 7 W. Ca
menz. Pop. 1,026.
Konigsee, lake,' Bav. ; 2 miles from Berch-
tolsgaden. Konigsfeld, X. Sax., in Leipsic. Pop. 242.
Konigsee, or Konigssee, X. Ger., in Schwartz
burg Rudolstadt; 6 ESE. Rudolstadt, 12 SE.
Arnstadt Pop. 1,710.
Konigsegg, German princely house, under foe
sovereignty of Wurtemberg, divided into two
lines, Konigsegg-Rothenfels and Konigscgg-
Aulendorf ; both ofthe Catholic religion. Jhe
castle is situated 8 NW. Ravenspurg.
Konigsek, t. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 10 ESE.
Nehaiis. H. 209.
Konigsfeld, X. Pru. Cologne ; 26 SSE. Co
logne. Konigsfeld, X. Bavaria ,on the Auffsees ; 10
NE. Bamberg.
Konigsfelden, bailiwick, Switz., in Berne, sit
uated between the town of Bruck and foe river
Reus. Konigsheim, X. Baden ; 2 NW. Bischofisheim,
14 SW. Wertheim. Pop. 1,751. >
Konigshof, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz, on
the Elbe ; 14 N. Konigingratz. Pop. 2,888.
Konigshofen, X. Baden, on foe Tauber ; 20
SSW. Wurzburg, 68 SE. Mentz. Pop. 1,353.
Konigshofen in der Grabfeld, X. Bav., on the
Saale ; 26 NW. Bamberg, 38 NE. Wurzburg.
Lon. 10. 27. E. Lat. 50. 12. N. Pop. 1,400.
Konigslutter, X. Brunswick, capital of a dis
trict ; 10 ESE. Brunswick, 12 NE. Wolfenbut
tel. Lon. 10. 56. E. Lat. 52. 17. N. Pop. 2,493.
It is situated on a small stream, called the Lul-
ter, and owes its rise to a celebrated convent,
founded in the 11th century.
Konigsmaktr, or Konigsmacheren, t. France,
Moselle, on the Moselle ; 4 NNE. Thionville.
Konigstadtl, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 5
SW. Konigingratz. H. 242.
Konigstein; t. Nassau, formerly capital of a
county of foe same name, with a castle, built
on a rock, demolished in 1796; 11 NW. Frank
fort on the Maine, 30 NE. Mentz. Lon. 8.24.E
Lat. 50. 12. N. -Pop. 800.
Konigstein, X. Bav., near Sulzbach. Pop. 471.
Konigstein, fortress, Norway, in Christiania!
built to defend the town of Frederickstadt. '
KonigsteUfX. Saxony, in Meissen, on foe left

KON

870

KOO

side of foe Elbe, with manufactures of woollen
and linen ; 16 SE. Dresden. Ppp. 1,046. It is
accessible only in one place, and supplied with
water from a spring of great depth in the moun
tain. It is defended by a strong fortress, situat
ed on a stupendous rock.
Konigstuhl, (an. Ambiatiuus J t. Pru. Coblentz;
6 S. Coblentz.
Konigstuhl, (i. e. King's Chair,) headland on
NE. coast of the island of Usedom, in the Baltic.
Lon. 13. 58. E. Lat. 54. 37. N.
Konigsioald, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeriz ; 13
NNW. Leitmeritz. H. 280.
Konigswaldc, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4NW.
Zwickau. Pop. 1,344.
Konigswalde, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frank
fort ; 22 E. Custrin. Lon. 15. 26. E. Lat. 52.
25. N. Fop. 891.
Konigswerth, X. Bohemia, Saatz ; 7 NE.Egra.
Konigswert, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 12 WNW.
Topel. H. 177.
Konigswiesen, X. Austria ; 8 N. Grein.
Konigswinler, X. Pru. Cologne, on E. side of
the Rhine, near 7 mountains, on which were 7
castles ; 3 SE. Bonn, 16 SSW. Cologne. Pop.
1,357. Kojiigswusterhausen, see Wusterhausen.
Konin, X. Poland, in Kalisch ; 20 N. Kalisch,
65 S. Culm. Lon. 18. 15. E. Lat. 52. 6. N. Pop.
1,348. Konitz, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg Rudolstadt ;
6 ESE. Rudolstadt, 7 N. Leutenburg. Here are
some mines of silver and copper.
Konitz, see Choynika.
Konitz, bailiwick, Switz., in Berne.
Konitz, X. Moravia, iri Olmutz ; 15 W. Olmutz.
Pop. 950.
Konitz, X. Prussia ; 8 E. Schlockaw.
Konkodoo, country, Africa, bounded N. by
Bambouk, E. by Gadou, S. by Worada and
Jallonkadoo, and W. by Satadoo ; about 60 m.
from N. to S., and 40 from E. to W. Lon. 9. to
10. W. Lat. 12. 10. to 13. 10. N. The country
is full of mountains, which are cultivated to
their summit. The village being built in de
lightful glens appeared to Mr. Park the most
romantic he ever saw.
Konkun, see Congon.
Konn, X. on N. coast of Timor. Lon. 126. 16.
E. Lat. 8. 18. S.
Konnigsoek, see Konigseck.
Konno, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 70 NW. Meaco.
Konoe, one of the Faroe Islands ; 2 N. Bar-
doe. Konos, X. Natolia; 20 NE. Degnizlu.
Konolop, X. Russia, in Novgorod Sieverskoi ;
52 S. Novgorod Sieverskoi. Lat. 51. 5. N.
Konowa, X. Bohemia, in Rakonitz ; 7 NNW.
Rakonitz. Konsan, X. Africa, in the Sierra Leone coun
try. Eon. 12. 15. W. Lat. 10. 44. N.
Konskie, X. Poland ; 38 WSW. Radom. Pop.
1,000. Konslanlinograd, X. Russia, in Pultowa, on the
Orel ; 56 N. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 34. 52. E. Lat.
49. 15. N. Pop. 1,200.
Konsldnlinovskaia, fortress, Russia, in Ekate
rinoslav, on the borders of Turkey ; 160 W.
Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 30. 50. E. Lat. 47. 40. N.
Kontop, t. Silesia, in Glogau ; 15 E. Grunz-
berg, 18 NNW. Gros Glogau. Pop. 831.

Kooch, t. Hind., in Agra ; 60 E. Gwalior, 95
SE. Agra. Lon. 79. 35. E. Lat. 26. N.
Koogaae, r. Denmark, which runs into the sea,
atKioge. Koohangan, small isl. in the Sooloo Archi
pelago. Lon, 121. 18. E. Lat. 6. 3. N.
Koojar, X. Africa, in Woolly ; 54 E. Medina.
Koolasiali, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipel
ago. Lon. 120. 38. E. Lat. 6. 22. N.
Koolbary, X. Golconda ; 35 S. Combamet
KooleUt, X. Hind., Lahore ; 27 E. Behnbur.
Koolikorro, X. Bambarra, on the Niger ;. a con
siderable mart for salt ; 130 SW. Sego.
Kooluconda, X. Hind., Mysore ; 13 NE. Naga-
mungalum. Koom, see Kom.
Koomar, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 13 ENE. Bahar.
Koomboo,X. Africa,, in Tenda. Lon. 12. W.
Lat. 12. 42. N.
Koond, X. Hind., in Bahar; 17 N. Saseram.
Koonda, circar, Bengal, bounded NE. by Ba
har, E. by Ramgur, S. by Toree, and W. by
Palamow ; about 25 miles long, and 16 broad.
Koonda is the capital.
Koonda, X. Bengal, capital of a circar .of the
same name ; 92 S. Patna, 226 WNW. Calcutta.
Lon. 84. 48. E. Lat. 24. 11. N.
Kooni, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 30 N. Tomu.
Kooniakary, X. Woolly ; 48 ENE. Medina.
Kooniakary, t. Africa, capital of Kasson, on a
branch ofthe Senegal. Lon. 8. 58. W. Lat. 14.
36. N.
Koonjoor, X. Hind., capital of a circar, in
Orissa; 86 NNW. Cattack, 163 WSW. Calcutta.
Koonjoor, circar, Hind., in Orissa, between
Gangpour and Mohurbunge.
Koonka, X. Bengal ; 25 WSW. Ramgur.
Koorbah, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 20 E. Rut
tunpour. Koorgunge, X. Bengal ; 22 E. Boglipour.
Koorkarany, X. Bondou ; 50 W. Fatteconda.
Koorumbah, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 40 E.
Poorunder. Kooro, t. Africa, in Foota. Lon. 10. 20. W.
Lat. 10. 8. N.
Koorla, X. Bengal ; 35 W. Nagore.
Koos, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 45 SE. Jetsen.
Koos, X. Japan, in Ximo ; 26 ESE. Udo.
Koosambo, X. on N. coast of the island of Bali.
Lon. 114. 46. E. Lat. 8. 24. S.
Koose, see Coosa.
Kooshaub, X. Hind., Lahore, on the Behut; 80
ENE. Moultan, 95 W. Lahore. Lon. 71. 5. E.
Lat. 31. 45. N.
Kooshinjee, or Pusheng, t. Candahar ; 80 SE.
Candahar. Lon. 66. 58. E. Lat. 32. 14. N.
Kooskooskee, or Flat-Head, r. N. America,
which rises in the Rocky mountains, and runs
W. into Lewis's river, Lat. 46. 35. N. It is nav
igable for boats lo a considerable distance.
Koospaganick, r. Canada, which runs into St.
John's lake, Lon. 72. 9. W. Lat. 48. 20. N.
Kootaconda, X. Woolly ; 16 WSW. Medina.
Kootahee, see Mount of Cocos.
Kootakoo, X. Africa, in Fooladoo, Lon. 7. 40.
W. Lat. 13. 30. N.
Kootakwrwah, X. Hind., in Candeish ; 10 SE.
Barawnay. Kooty, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 84 SSW. Patna.
Lon. 84. 43. E. Lat.24. 23. N.

KOR

871

KOR

Kopan, X. Hungary ; 18 WSW. SymontoMya.
Kopan, x. Hungary, which runs into the Dan
ube, 9 NE. Mohacs.
Kopanitz, t. Sclavonia ; 21 SSW. Eszek.
Kopansko, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus, on
the Volga ; 12 NW. Enotaevsk.
Kopash, X. Dagestan ; 45 NW. Derbend.
Kopalcha, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi; 40 ESE.
Stretensk. Kopaul, X. & fortress, Hind., in Bejapore, dis
trict of Guginderghur, belonging to the Nizam.
Lon. 76. 6. E. Lat 15.28. N. This is accounted
one of the strongest places in S. India, being a
sugar loaf mountain, surrounded by three lines
of fortifications. The magazines, store houses,
fac. are excavated out of solid rock.
Kopeis, X. Russia, Mogilev; 28 N. Mogilev.
Kopenick, X. Pru. Brandenburg; 6 SE. Berlin.
Lon. 13. 35. E. Lat. 52. 25. N. Pop. 1,348.
Kopersberg, see Fahlun.
Kopetna, r. Silesia, principality of Teschen,
which runs into the Olsa, near Bystriztz.
Kopidlno, X. Bohemia, Konigingratz ; 9 NW.
Biezow. H. 135.
Kopiel, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus, at the
mouth of the Cuban ; 128 SW. Azoph. Lon. 37.
32. E. Lat. 45. 10. N.
Kopigowka, X. Rus. Podolia, on the Bog ; 16
SW. Braclaw.
Kopil, x. Russia, Novogrodek ; 45 SE. Novo
grodek. Kopin, X. Rus. Podolia ; 28 N. Kaminiec.
Kopokt, s-p. Guriel, on the Black sea ; 20 S.
Puti, Lon. 41. 22. E. Lat. 41. 35. N.
Kopore, X. Russia, in foe gulf of Finland ; 32
W. Petersburg.
Koporna, X. Sclavonia ; 5 SW. Eszek.
Koppach, X. Austria; 3 W. Schwannastatt
Koppendorf, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 5 S. Grotkau.
Koppendorf, X. Austria ; 4 NE. Scheibs.
Koppernick, X. Silesia, Neisse; 4 S. Neisse.
Koppilz, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 4 SSE. Grotkau.
Koppl, X. Salzburg ; 6 SE. Salzburg.
Koprenitz, t. Croatia ; 24 E. Varasdin. Pop.
3,158. Kopstain, see Kuffstein.
Kopyl, X. Russia, in Minsk ; 16 NW. Sluck.
Pop. 960.
Kopys, X. Russia, in Mohilev, on the Dneiper ;
60 SW. Smolensk. Pop. 1,600.
Kara, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Ilga ; 36
NW. Vercholensk.
Koramo, or Curamo, X. Africa, in Benin.
Koran, t. Persia ; 50 W. Teheran.
Korana, r. Croatia, which runs into the Kulpa
at Carlstadt.
Korasan, see Chorasan.
Korba, X. Russia, in Viatka, on the Kusick;
40 NW. Orlov.
Korbeth, X. Persia, Irak ; 126 S. Hamadari.
Korbi la Hou, X. Africa, on foe Ivory coast.
Korbole, X. Sweden, Helsingland ; 53 WNW.
Hudwickswall. Korchellen, X. Poland ; 62 N. Warsaw.
Korchino, X. Russia, in Nizegorod ; 80 SSW.
Niznei Novgorod.
Korck, t. Norway, in Drontheim ; 9 SW.
Romsdal. ¦ Korckwitz, t. Silesia, in Neisse ; 4 N. Neisse.
Korczany, t. Samogitia; 2£ WNW. Miedniki.

Korczick, Rus. Volhynia ; 16 NE. Ostrog.
Kordedearda, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia ; 50*
SE. Hermenstadt, 80 NW. Bucharest. Lon. 24.
24. E. Lat. 45. 15. N.
Kordofan, country, Africa, between Dar-Fur
and Sennaar, tributary to Sennaar. Lon .29. 25.
to 32. 30. E. Lat. 12. to 14. 40. N. The inhabi
tants are very licentious. Their language is
Arabic. Their chief town is. Ibeit.
Kordos, see Corinth.
Kordyn, X. Rus. Kiev ; 44 WSW. Kiev.
Korecssow, X. Poland, in Lublin ; 28 SSW.
Chelm. Koremoz, see Karasu.
Karepskoi, cape on N. coast of Russia, in the
North sea ; 124 NW. Archangel.
Kores, or Karesch, r. Hungary, which rises in
Transylvania, and runs into the Teisse, near
Csongrad. Koreztur, t. Transylvania; 13 SW. Udvarhely.
Korgev, t Russia, in Tver ; 20 E. Tver.
Korgo, see Choueri.
Koriaki, ostrog of Kamtschatka, on foe Avat
cha ; 27 W. Avatcha.
Koriakov, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan, on the
Irtisch ; 192 SW, Kolivan.
Koriaks, a people to the N. of Kamtschatka,
and the Penzinskaia gulf, divided into fixed ob
wandering Koriacks ; the number of each esti
mated at about 900.
Koritschan, t. Moravia, in Hradisch ; 27 E. by
S. Brunn. Pop. 1,200.
Kork, X. Baden ; 3 E. Kehl. Pop. 876.
Korkan, or Jorjan, district, on E. side of the
Caspian sea ; the country is flat, and subject to
inundations ; the heat is intolerable, and the
unwholesome. The soil is fertile in dates, wine,
cotton; silk, and corn. The town of Korkan is
in rums.
Korkanje, see Urkonje.
Korkino, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ischim ;
20 SW. Ischim. Pop. 3,400.
Korkub, X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 30 WSW.
Jondisabur. Korks, X. Arabia, in Oman ; 130 S. Amanzi-
rifdin. Korlin, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Cosslin, on foe
Persante. Lon. 16. 4. E. Lat. 53. 58.N. Pop.
1,024. Kormend, X. Hungary, on the Raab; 15 S.
Stein-am Anger, 52 S. Vienna. l
Kormeslity, mts. Ireland, in the county of
Mayo ; 17 NW. Castlebar.
Kormudseh, t. Persia, in Farsistan ; 100 SW.
Schiras.. Lat. 28. 37. N.
Korna, see Corna.
Kornac, see Carnac.
Kornach, X. Bavaria; 6 NW. Volckach.
Komburg, X. Bavaria; 8 S. Nuremberg. Pop.
900.- Kornburg, t. Stiria, on the Raab ; 8 N. Rakes-
burg, 24 SE. Gratz.
Komdyck, small isl. Holland, in the Meuse,
with a town of the same name ; about 7 WNW.
Willemstadt. Korner, X. Ger., in Gotha, on the Notter; 5
ENE. Muhlhausen. Pop. 1,020.
Kornliaus, X. Bohemia, Schlan ; 8 SW. Schlan.
Kornick, X. Holstein ; 4 S. Cismar.
Kom Neuburg, X. Austria, on N. side of the

KOS

872

KOS

Danube, opposite to Closter Neuburg ; S N.
Vienna. Lat. 48. 19. N. Pop. 1,727,
Kornoc, isl. near W. coast of West Green
land. Lon. 47. 40. W. Lat. 61. 38. N.
Korol, X. Hind., Guzerat ; 20 E. Baroach.
Kororofah, country, Africa, E. Wangara.
Korolevetz, X. Russia, in Novgorod Sieverskoi ;
40 SE, Novgorod Sieverskoi.
Koronowa, X. Pru. Posen, in Bromberg, on the
Brahe; 50 N. Gnesna. Pop. 1,136.
Korotaicha, r. Russia, which runs into the
North sea, Lon. 59. 14. E. Lat. 68. 10. N.
Korotcha, X. Russia, in Kurskoe, on a river of
the same name; 44 SSE. Kursk. Lon. 36. 38.
E. Lat. 60.45. N. Pop. 7,866. H. 1,033. Chh. 6.
Korotoiak, t. Russia, in Voronez, on the Don ;
70 S. Voronez. Pop. 2,400.
Korova, small isl. in the sea of Ochotsk ; 240
E. Ochotsk. Lon. 150. 40. E. Lat. 59. 20. N.
Korovaino, X. Russia, Saratov, on the Volga ;
24 S. Kamisfhin.
ICorowczi, t. Russia, Podolia ; 18 NNW. Ka-
miniecz. Korpikyla, t. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 14
NNW. Tornea.
Korpilax, t. Finland ; 68 NNE. Tavasthus.
Korpo, isl. in the Baltic, near SW. 'coast of
Finland, of an oval form, about 20 miles in
circ. It has, on NW. coast, a town of the same
name, and several villages. Lon. 21. 25. E. Lat.
60. 9. N.
Korpona, see Karpfen.
Kars, X. Persia, in Adirbeitzan ; 70 NW. Ta-
bris, 80 SSE. Erivan.
Korsa, X. Hind., in Delhi ; 26 W. Delhi.
Korsec, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 72 E. Lucko.
Korseniec, X. Rus. Wilna; 60 E. Wilna.
Korscwelan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea.
Lon. 128. 40. E. Lat. 7. 39. S.
Korsholm, X. Finland, E. Bothnia ; 2 S. Wasa.
Korsrias, X. Finland, East Bothnia ; 25 SSE.
Wasa. Korspe, r. which rises in Mark, and runs into
foe Wipper a mile below Wipperfurt
Korszany, X. Samogitia; 25 NW. Miedniki.
Kortesjarvi, X. Finland ; 43 ENE. Wasa.
Kortschin, or Nowie Maislaw, X. Poland, San
domirz ; 40 SW. Sandomirz.
Korsun, t. Russia, in Kiev ; 44 SSE. Bialacer-
kiew. Kortright, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. ; 10 N. Del
hi, 62 SW. Albany, W. 363. Pop. 2,548.
Korty, X. Sennaar, on the borders of the Nile,
where the caravans quit the river, and turn to
foe desert, in order to escape the pirates of the
Nile ; 60 E. Dongola, 185 N. Gerri.
Korysowa, t. Russia, in Kiev ; 32 SW. Kiev.
Korzeczow, X. Poland, in Sandomirz; 24 S.
Sandomirz. Korzellen, X. Poland ; 70 NW. Warsaw. •
Korgymech, X. Poland, in Lublin ; 38 NNE.
Lublin. Koso, t Russia, Perm ; 48 W. Solikamsk.
Kosaia, X. Russia, Finn; 32 NE. Obvinsk.
Kosbrun, X. Bav. ; 10 E. Groszweinstein.
Koschuralskoi, fortress, Russia, in the govern
ment of Caucasus, on the Ural ; 24 S. Uralsk.
Koscia, X. Walachia ; 16 N. Kimnick.
Kosciabad, X. Persia, Kerman ; 60 SW. Sirjian.
Kosclow, X. Aust. Galicia ; 60 E. Lemberg.

Kosel, I. Tyrol, ori the Brenta ; 21 E. Trent.
Kosel, or Kozle, X. fa fortress, Pru. Silesia, in
Opeln, on the Oder ; 73 SE. Breslaw. Pop
2,269. Koselaw, t Holstein ; 4 NNW. Cismar.
Koselez, t. Russia, in Tchernigov ; 45 S. Tcher
nigov. Pop. 2,000.
Koselsk, X. Russia, in Kaluga; 42 SSW. Kalu
ga. Pop. 2,770.
Kosen, t. Pru. Merseburg, on the Saale ; 3 SW
Naumburg. Pop. 350.
Kos/iab, X. Curdistan ; 20 S.Van.
Koshania, t. Grand Bukharia ; 30 W. Samar
cand. KosA Qglan Daghi, mt Turkish Armenia ; 30
SE. Trebisond.
Koshenicut, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 1 10 NE.
Bost Kosiack, X. Carniola ; 10 SE. Weixelburg.
Kosichinskoi, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus, on
the Volga; 48 NNW. Astrachan.
Kosie, km. W. Africa, on the river Lagos, 60-
mites from its mouth, with the capital of foe
same name, said to be of considerable extent
Koskin, X. Norwegian Lapland ; 108 SW. Po-
sanger. Koskis, X. Finland, in Abo ; 30 ENE. Abo.
Koskis, X. Finland ; 22 E. Tavasthus.
Koslov, see Eupatoria.
Kost, X. Arabia, Yemen ; 18 WNW. Chamir.
Kosmonos, X. Bohemia, in Boleslaw ; 2 NNE.
Jung Buntzlau. H. 159.
Kosolui, t. Bessarabia ; 28 NNW. Bender.
Kosperdorf, X. Silesia, in Neisse; 7 NNE.
Patschkau. Kosreukan, X. Natolia; 16 NW.Kiutaja.
Kossar, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 28 WNW . Lucko.
Kossel, t. Sax., Vogtland ; 2 E. Oelsnitz.
Kossel, r. Ger., which runs into the Danube,
3 SSW. Donauwert
Kossela, t. Prussia ; 7 NE. Soldau.
Kosschel, X. Prussia ; 8 NW. Soldau.
Kossetz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 12 W.
Konigingratz. Kossl, X. Austria ; 13 S. Bavarian Waidhoven.
Kost, X. Grand Bukharia; 70 SSE. Balk.
Kostainavizza, see Landslrass.
Koslanicza, X. Aust. Croatia, on the Unna ; 52
E. by. S. Carlstadt. Lon. 16. 36. E. Lat. 45. 14.
N. Pop. 3,250.
Koslel, t. Carniola, situated on a steep rock
above the river Kulpa ; 5 S. Gottschee. On the
top ofthe rock is a citadel.
Kostel, t. Moravia, in Brunn, anciently the
see of a bishop; 6 SE. Auspitz, 25 S. Brunn-
Lon. 16. 47. E. Lat. 48. 50. N. Pop. 1,500.
Koslclelz, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 16 SE.
Konigingratz. Pop. 1,847.
Kostelelz, t. Bohemia, Kaurzim, on the Elbe ;
12 NNE. Prague. Lon. 14.45.E. Lat. 50. 12. N.
Pop. 900.
Kpsteletz, t, Moravia, Olmutz ; 7 SW. Olmutz.
Pop. 1,100.
Kostelelz Schwartz, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ;
5. W. Kaurzim.
Kostelik, X. Bohemia, Rakonitz ; 8 S. Rakonitz.
Kosteni Hiwwna, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 9
SE. Melnik.
Kostenblut, X. .Silesia, in Breslau ; 8 S. Neu-
mark, 18 WSW. Breslau. Los. 1.6. 40. E. lat
50. 59. N. Pop. 483.

KOT

873

KOL,

Kostesti, X. Moldavia ; 16 N. Birlat.
Kostelez, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 4 S. Teyn.
Koslian, or Kosten, X. Pru. Posen; 20 SE. Po
sen. Pop. 1,292.
Kostoletz, X. Servia; 18 E. Semendria.
Koslolna, X. Hungary ; 24 NW. Topoltzan.
Kostritz, t. Ger., in Reuss, district of Gera, on
the Elster ; 4 N. Gera. Pop. 1,500.
Kostroma, Kostrom, or Koslromskoe, gov., Eu.
Russia, bounded N. by Vologda, E. by Viatka,
S. by Niznei Novgorod 'and Vladimir, and W. by
Jaroslavl. Lat.56.45.to59.13.N. Pop. 1,150,000.
Sq. m. 38,300. It is divided into 12 circles ;
watered by the Volga, Vetluga, and Kostroma.
It is mostly an undulating plain, bleak in the
north, and dry in the south ; the habits of the
inhabitants are generally pastoral.
Kostroma, or Kostrom, t. Russia, capital of a
government to which it. gives name, on foe
Volga, and surrounded with a rampart ; 16S NE.
Moscow, 380 ESE. Petersburg. Lon. 41. 13. E.
Lat. 67. 46. N. Pop. 9,000. H. 1,047. Chh. 50.
Bp. see. It has considerable manufactures, and
some trade.
Kostroma, r. Russia, which runs into the Volga,
at the town of Kostroma.
Kosuma, X. Japan, Niphon ; 60 WSW. Meaco.
Koszara, X. Bosnia; 12 N. Banjaluka.
Koszieglow, X. Poland ; 61 NW. Cracow. Pop.
1,350. Koszula, X. Moldavia ; 36 NW. Jassy.
Koto, r. Russia, which runs into the Tunguska,
near Kutska'
Kotah, X. fa fortress, Hind., in Agimere, on the
Chumbul; 100 SE. Agimere, 130 N. Ougein.
Lon. 75. 48. E. Lat. 25. 11. N. The town is of
considerable extent, enclosed by a stone wall,
with round bastions, and contains a number of
good brick and stone houses.
Kotaigrod,X. Podolia; 12 SE. Kaminiec.
Kotan, see Hotpm.
Kotankoderipo, X. on E. coast of Ceylon ; 10
SE. Balacola.
Kotana, X. Hind., in Sirhind ; 40 ENE. Sir
hind. Kotchelovskaia, X. Russia, in the country of the
Cosacs, at the conflux of the Donetz and the
Don ; 52 E. Azoph.
Kotchengska, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
Ilim ; 60 WSW. Orlenga.
Kotchug, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on foe Lena;
16 E. Vercholensk.
Kotclia, X. Russia, Perm ; 60 W. Solikansk.
Kotcheel, X. Hind. ; 10 S. iSgimere.
Koteli Hindokousi, X. Candahar; 80 NNW.
Cabul. Kotelna, X. Russia, in Kiev; 60 WSW. Kiev.
Kotelnitoch, t. Russia, in Viatka, on foe Viatka;
36 SW. Viatka. Pop. 3,962.
Kotelnoi, fortress, Russia, in the government
of Caucasus, on foe Ural ; 120 N. Gurev.
Koterbugga, t. Orissa ; 10 NE. Sumbulpour.
Kolignow, t. Podolia; 34 N. Kaminiec.
Kotingky, X. Hind., in Ruttunpour; 36 NE.
Raypour. Kotlan, t. Grand Bukharia, capital of a dis
trict ; 200 SE. Samarcand. Lon. 68. 36. E. Lat
38. 10. N.
Kotmana, r. Walachia, which runs into foe
Danube, 8 S. Chodivoga.
Vol. I. ,, 110

Kotmana, t. Walachia, near the source of the
river Kotmana ; 45 NW. Bucharest.
Kotno, t. Grand Bukharia, on the Gihon ; 40
S. Bukhara.
Kotnar, X. Moldavia; 24 WSW- Jassy.
Koto, district, Africa, on the Slave coast, ex
tending about 18 miles along the Atlantic ; the
land is flat, and the soil sandy and barren.
Slaves form the only traffic which the Europe
ans carry on with the natives. The principal
town is called Koto, or Verhu.
Kotona, X. Hind., in Mewat; 25 NNW. Cot-
putly. Kotoo, one of the small Friendly islands. This
island is scarcely accessible by boats, on ac
count of coral reefs that surround it. It is two
miles long, and not so broad. The NW. end of
it is low ; but it rises suddenly in the middle,
and terminates in reddish/ clayey cliffs, at SE.
end, about 30 feet high, lit is tolerably culti
vated, but thinly inhabited; 16 N. Anamooka.
Lon. 185. 11. E. Lat. 19. 88. S. fc
Kolra, X Rus. Grodno ; 15 ESE. CTodno.
Kotrou, X. Africa, on foe Ivory coast.
Kotschau, t. Bohemia, Pilsen ; 3 NE. Tachau.
Kolschenbroda, X. Saxony, in Meissen, on foe
Elbe ; 5. NW. Dresden. Pop. 715.
Kotska, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Tun
guska ; 140 NNW. Ilimsk.
Kotlenberg, mt. Carinthia ; 3 S. Tarwis.
Kottenberg, t. Prussia ; 2 NW. Wittenberg.
Koltimbel, small isl. in foe Red sea. Lon. 41.
25. E. Lat. 17. 57. N.
Kottingbrunn, X. Austria ; 3 S. Baden.
Kottis, X. Austria; 10 SE. Zwetl.
Kottocomb, t. Africa, Bornou ; 75 S. Bornou.
Kotlokolee, X. Africa, and capital of a country
of the same name, in Negroland. Lon. 6. 40. E.
Lat. 13. N.
Kotul, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 20 S. Pannah.
Koty, X. Hind., Bundelcund ; 18 S. Callinger.
Kotzau, t, Bavaria; 4 SE. Hof.
Kotzenau, X. Silesia, in Liegnitz ; 9 W. Luben,
16NW.Liegnitz. Pop.300.
Kotzing, X. Bav. ; 10 S. Furth. Pop. 906.
Kou, X. Turkish Armenia ; 30 SE. Akalzike.
Kou, or Kiyang, city, China, of foe second
rank, in Hou-quang ; 862 S. Peking. LOn. 1 14.
24. E. Lat. 26. 30. N.
Koua, city, China, of the second rank, in Ki
ang-nan, on N. side of the Yang-tse, opposite to
Tching-kiang; 490 SSE. Peking. Lon. 118. 54.
E. Lat. 32. 18. N.
Kouakand, X. Turkestan, on the Sirr; 60 S.
Tashkund. Kouang, city, China, of the second rank, in
Ho-nan ; 480 S. Peking. Lat. 32. "14. N.
Kouang-ngan, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan; 1,132 SSW. Peking. Lon. 104. 44. E.
Lat. 24. 10. N.
Kouang-ngan, or Qjiang-yan, city, China, of
the second rank, in Se-tchuen ; 762 SSW. Pe-
king. Lon. 106. 14. E. Lat. 30. 32. N.
Kouang-si, or Qjuang-si, city, China, of the
first rank, in Yun-nan; 1,140 SSW. Peking.
Lon. 103. 28. E. Lat. 24. 40. N.
Kouang-sin, or Koang-sin, city, China, of the
first rank, in Kiang-si ; 710 S. Peking. Lon. 117. ,
44. E. Lat. 28. 27. N. Although this city is sit,- -
uated in the midst of mountains, which for foe

KOU

874

KOW

most part- are very high and of a great extent,
the countiy is not less fertile or inhabited. They
make here very good paper, and the best can
dles in the empire.
Kouan-te, city, China, ofthe second rank, in
Kiang-nan; 570 SSE. Peking. Lon. 118. 57. E.
Lat. 30. 58. N.
Kovar, X. Hungary ; 16 NW. Bistritz.
Kovarabad, X. Grand Bukharia, in Balk ; 90
W.Balk, 180 NNE. Herat.
Koucho, X. Upper Guinea, on the river Scher-
tiro ; 36 miles from the sea.
Kovda, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on NW.
coast of foe White sea; 132 S. Kola.
Koudekerk, X. S-. Holland ; 4 E. by.S. Leyden.
Fop. 900.
Koudekerke, X. Neth., Zealand ; 3 NNW. Zei-
ricksee. Pop. 1,200.
Koudewater, t. Holland ; 5 E. Leyden.
Koudjeh, X. Natolia ; 48 W. Kiutaja.
Koudra, t Hind., in Bahar ; 27 S. Bdrwar.
Koudur, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 7 NNW.
Beder. Koue, city, China, of the second rank, in
Hou-quang, on the Yang-tse river ; 622 SSW.
Peking. Lon. 120. 18. E. Lat. 30. 57. N.
Koue-hoa, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan ; 1,195 SSW. Peking. Lat. 23. 26. N.
Koue-hoa, t. China, of the third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 57 WSW. Yen-ping.
Kouei-ling, see (£uei-ling.
Koueit, see Cathem.
Koue-ki, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
si ; 42 WSW. Kottang-sin.
Koue-li, or Kouei-ti, city, China, of the first
rank, in Ho-nan ; 312 S. Peking. Lon. 115. 29.
E. Lat. 34. 30. N. This city is situated in a
vast plain, between two fine rivers ; its district
contains 7 towns, 1 of the first order, and 6 of
the third. These cities are rich and well peo
pled ; the country is flat and well cultivated.
The air is very pure, and the soil fruitful in all
sorts of grain and fruits, especially oranges and
pomegranates. Koue-tong, t. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang ; 21 ENE. Tching.
Koue-quang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang ; 37 ESE. Tching.
Koue-yang, city, China, of the second rank,
in Hou-quang ; 885 S. Peking. Lat 25. 50. N.
Kou-hisar, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 12
NW. Akserai.
Kovinska, X. Rus., Tobolsk ; 224 E. Eniseisk.
Kovinskoi, (Niznei,) X. Rus., on an island in
the Kolima. Lon. 156. 24. E. Lat 69. 40. N.
Kovinskoi, fSred,) X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on
foe Kolima. Lon. 153. 14. E. Lat. 65. 5. N.
Kovinskoi, (VerchneiJ X. Russia, Irkutsk, on
the Kalima. Lon. 149. 14. E. Lat. 66. 15. N.
Kouisou-poulac, X. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 120.
49. E. Lat. 44. 31. N.
Koukan, X. Independent Tartary, near the
Siha-n ; 70 leagues NE. Samarcand, 65 W.
Kashgar. It is a large town, situated in a level,
fertile, and well cultivated countiy. The khan
of Koukan is the head of the Tartars of the
Mingb tribe, and has extensive dominions.
Koulcou, or Kougou, t Africa, in Gaoga, the
residence of a powerful king, in the 12th cen
tury.

Kouleihissar, see Clwnac.
Koulle, see Chouen. . ¦,
Koum el Arab, X. Egypt, on the left bank of
foe Nile ; 8 N. Tahta.
Koum Erige, t. Egypt, on the left bank of the
Nile ; 12 N. Benisuef.
Koum Mussie, X. Egypt, on foe right side of
foe Nile ; 3 SSE. Kena.
Koum Ombp, see Com Ombo.
Kouma, r. A.Russia, which rises in Caucasus,
between the Terek and Cuban, and flowing
eastward, loses itself in foe sand before reach
ing the Caspian sea.
Kouman, X. Thibet ; 15 N. Darmadijira. ' „
Koun, X. Austria ; 1 N. Eggenburg.
Koandgi-aghiz, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, oh the -
coast of the Black sea ; 15 SW. Samsoun.
Kounmeon, X. Birmah ; 6 E. Monchaboo, 48
N. Ava. Lon. 97. 56. E. Lat. 22. 33. N.
Koureh, X. Natolia ; 44 W. Kiutajah.
Kourally, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 15 W.
Carmulla. Koureslan, X. Persia, Laristan ; 36 S. Tarem.
Kourma, t.Dar Fur ; 11 SW. Cobbe.
Kournai, v. Egypt, on west bank of foe Nile,
near Medinet-Haln ; on a part of the site of
ancient Thebes.
Kovrov, X. Russia, in Vladimir, on the Kliaz-i
ma ; 24 E. Vladimir.
Kourlou-palhassun, X. Chinese Tartary, Mon-
guls' country ; 12 SW. Tcbao-nai-man-soume.
Kourou, r. , Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon. 53. 36. W. Lat. 5. 5. N".
Kous, or Cows, (an. Apollinopolis Parva ;) 18
S. Denctera, 45 NNE. Asna. It was once a place
of great wealth and consequence, being the
staple of commerce between the Nile and the
Red sea. The houses are built of bricks, har
dened by the sun.
Koussie, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lon. 17. 50. E. Lat. 30. 12. S.
Kouta, X. Hind., Visiapour ; 10 N. Merritch.
Kou-tchin, X. China, Kiang-nan ; 22 N. Fong-
yang. Kou-tching, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hou-quang, on the Han ; 25 NW.Siang-yang.
Kou-yuen, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chensi; 160 NW. Si-ngan, 500 SW. Peking.
Lon. 106. E. Lat. 36. 5. N.
Kouznetzk, X. Russia, in Tomsk, capital of a
district. Lon. 87. 30. E. ' Lat. 33. 20. N. Pop.
500. Kowai, X. Asia, Adirbeitzan ; 120 W. Tauris.
Kowalewo, see Schonsee.
Kowan, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 4 W. Jung
Buntzlau. Kowar, X. Africa, in Bursali, on the river
Gambia, with a considerable traffic in slaves.
Kowarsko, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 10 N. Wilko-
mierz. Kowel, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 28 NW. Lucko.
Kowero, X. Finland ; 80 ESE. Kuopio.
Kowno, or KoWie, X. Russia, in Wilna, at the
conflux of the rivers Wilna and Niemen ; 40
NW. Troki. Lon. 23. 46. E. Lat. 54. 54. N.
Pop. 2,400. H. 600. 'It has 10 Catholic churches,
and 1 Lutheran. The houses are mostly mean.
Kowra, X. Birmah ; 8, N. Raynangong.
Kowrali, X. Hind., in Guzerat; 10 S. Gogo.
Kowrowa, v. Owhyhee, in Karakakooa bay,
where capt. Cook was killed, in 1779.

KRA

875

KRA

KoyalU, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near S. end
of Washington's island.
Ko-yahg, X. China, of the third rank, in Ko-
ang-si ; 30 W. Kouang-sin.
Koydanow, X. Rus. Minsk ; 16 SSW. Minsk.
Kozacliarov, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus, on
the Ural ; 36 S. Uralsk.
Kozangrodek, X Rus. Minsk ; 42 E. Pinsk.
Kozar, t Persia, Adirbeitzan ; 75 W. Tabris.
Kozdar, X. Asia, in Candahar, on the borders
of Persia; 180 SSE. Candahar, 180 W.Moultan.
Lon. 67. 15. E. Lat. 30. 30. N.
Kozeletz, X. Russia, Kiev ; 28 NNE. Kiev.
Kozelsk, X. Russia, in Kaluga ; 36 SSW. Kalu
ga. Pop. 2,770.
Kozin, t. Russia, in Volhynia ; 24 S. Lucko.
Kozlan, X. Bohemia, tin Rakonitz ; 12 SW.
Rakonitz. H. 155.
Kozlov, X. Russia, in Tambov, on the Voronez;
48 NW. Tambov. Pop. 7,106. Chh. 9. It has
considerable trade in cattle, fac.
Kozlovo, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on foe Irtisch ;
68 N. Tobolsk.
Kozmodemiansk, X. Russia, on the Volga ; 100
NW. Kazan.
Kozonar, t: Transylvania ; 6 N. Szamos-
vivar. Kozowahora, t. Bohemia, in Moldau; 3 E.
Seltscban. Kozu, t. Russia, in Volhynia ; 56 E. Lucko.
Krabach, or Kraubach, t. Stiria; 4 NNE.
Knitterfelt. Krabben, small isl. Atlantic, near the coast of
Guiana. Lon. 57. 50, W. Lat.O. 10. N.
Krac, (an. Petra NabatliaorumJ X. Arabia, in
Hedsjas, capital of Arabia Petraea ; 90 S". Jeru
salem. Lon. 36. 54. E. Lat.30.30.N. Baldwin I.
king of Jerusalem, took it, and called it Mount
Royal. It is now in a state of decay.
Kraffsliof, X. Bav. ; 4 N. Nuremberg.
Kraglikiu, X. Moldavia ; 95 NNW. Jassy.
Krajogeva, X. Servia ; 45 NE. Novibasar.
Kragovatz, X. Servia ; 30 NNW. Belgrade.
Krain Pole, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 28 WNW.
Berdiczow. Krajova, r. Hungary, which' runs into the
Czerna, near Meadia.
Krajova, or Kolosvar, X. Walachia ; 20 SW.
Brancovani, 72 WSW. Bucharest. Pop. 2,000.
Kraka, X. Walachia, on a considerable lake,
which communicates with the Danube ; 30
SSE. Bucharest. Lon. 26. E. Lat. 44. 5. N.
Krakan, small isl. on west side ofthe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 19. 33. E. Lat. 63. 30. N.
Krdkaloa, small isl. in the straits of Sunda.
Lon. 105. 21. E. Lat. 6. 6. S. It is 10 miles in
circuit, inhabited, and has a hot spring.
Krakaw, or Krako, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin,
on a lake ; 10 N. Gustrow, 30 S. Rostock. Pop.
590. Krake Bay, bay on W. coast of the island of
Curacoa. Krako, X. Sweden, in Upland ; 17 N. Upsal.
Krakon, small isl. on west side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17.9. E. Lat. 61. 33. N.
Kralam, X. Bosnia, near the river Misna ; 34
S. Serajo.
Kralievlzi, X. Croatia ; 9 S. Agram.
Kralitz, t. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 8 S. Olmutz.
Pop. 832.

Kralovavelika, X. Sclavonia ; 30 WNW. Pos-
zega. Kralowe Hradecz, see Konigingratz.
Kralowice, or Kralowitz, t Bohemia, in Ra
konitz ; 13 SW. Rakonitz. Pop. 922. ' In the
neighbourhood is a citadel where John Huss
resided sofie time, in the year 1413.
Kralowidwur, or Koniginhof X. Bohemia, in
Konigingratz, on the Elbe ; 13 N. Konigingratz,
87 SE. Dresden.
Kralowitz, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 16 SW.
Kramersky, X. Prussia ; 15 S. Heilsberg.
Kranach, r. Stiria, which runs into the Salm,i
near Gamlitz.
Kranichfeld, X. Weimar, in Weimar ; 12 SE.
Erfurt, 48 W. Altenburg. Lon. 11. 12. E. Lat.
50. 52. N. Pop. 1,310.
Kranigperg, X. Austria ; 6 SSE. Gloggnitz.
Kranowitz, X. Austrian Silesia, in Troppau ; 6
SW. Ratibor, 11 NE. Troppau. Lon, 18. E. Lat.
49. 55. N. Pop. 666.
Krantznqch, r. Swabia, which runs from the
Feder see to the Danube. ,
Krapatzitz, lake, Croatia ; 12 W. Bihacz.
Kropina, r. Croatia, which runs into the Save,
8 W. Agram.
Krapina, t. Croatia ; 8 W. Agram.
Krapitz, t. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 5 NW. Eger.
Krappitz, or Krzapkowitz, or Krapiwra; t. Si
lesia, in Oppeln, near foe Ober ; 9 NNE. Ober
Glogao, 12 S. Oppeln. Lon. 17. 62. E. Lat. 50.
25. N. Pop. 1,192.
Krara, see Charrar.
Kras, X. Poland, in Lublin ; 26 S. Lublin.
Krasilow, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 18 W. Con-
stantinow. Krasna, r. Moldavia, which runs into foe
Birlat, 10 S. Vaslui.
Krasna, see Kraszna:
Krasnahora, X. Bohemia, in Moldau ; 6 SW.
Seltschan. Krasne, X. Rus. Podolia ; 24 NW. Braclaw.
Krasnepol, X. Podolia ; 32 NE. Kaminiecz.
Krasniekpani, X. Russia, in Astrachan ; 128
W. Astrachan.
Krasnistaw, or Krasnoslaw, X. Poland, Lublin,
on the Wieprz. Lon. 23. 7. E. Lat 5Q. 59. N.
Pop. 2,488.
Krasnoborsk, t Russia, in Vologda, on foe
Dwina ; 60 NNW. Ustiug.
Krasnobrod, X. Austrian Poland, in the midst
of a forest, where John Sobieski, afterwards
king of Poland, defeated foe Tartars ; 28 W.
Belez. Krasnoe, X. Rus. Smolensk ; 80 S. Smolensk,
Krasnohorka, X. Hungary ; 22 W. Cassovia.
Krasnoi, X. Russia, in Smolenskoe ; 28 SSW.
Smolensk. Fop. 450. It contains 2 churches.
The French were defeated here, with great
loss by the Russians, Nov. 1812.
Krasnoiar, X. P.ussia, Upha ; 16 NNW. Upha.
Krasnoiarsk, t. A. Russia, in Astrachan, capi
tal of a circle, on an -island formed, by the arms
of the Volga. Lon. 48. 30. E. Lat. 46. 29. N.
Pop. 1,970.
Krasnoiarsk, t. Russia, in Tomsk, on foe Eni
sei ; 100 S. Eniseisk, 340 ENE. Kolivan. Lon-.
92. 20. E. Lat. 56. 12. N. Pop. 3,580. It is sur
rounded with palisades, small towers',, and some

KRE

876

KRI

batteries. The chief trade of foe inhabitants is
in cattle, horses, and furs.
Krasnoirskaia, fortress, Russia, in Upha, on
Ural ; 48 E. Orenburg.
Krasnoiarskaia, t. Russia, Irkutsk, near the
conflux of the Oka and Angara; 64 WSW.
Ilimsk. Krasnoiarskoi, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus,
on the Ural ; 10 N. Gurev.
Krasnokutsk, t. Russia, in Charkov, on the
Merla; 40 WSW. Charkov. Pop. 4,856.
Krasnosamarskaia, fortress, Russia, in Sim
birsk, on the Samara; 104 SE. Simbirsk.
Krasnoy- Cholm, X. Eu . Russia, in Twer ; 100 N.
by E. Twer. Pop. 1,776.
Krasukka, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 24. 46. E. Lat. 65. 22. N.
Krasnoslobodsk, X. Russia, in Penza, on the
Moskva ; 84 NW. Penza. Pop. 4,630.
Krasnoslobodskaia, X. Russia, in Tobolsk ; 32
SSE." Turinsk.
Krasnouphimsk, t. Russia, on foe Upha ; 96
SE. Ferm. Pop. 2,500.
Krasoijar, X. Russia, Caucasus, at the mouth
ofthe Vol^a; 16 N. Astrachan.
Krassa, r. Silesia, in Brieg, which runs into
the Neisse, near Lowen.
Krassova, or Kraschova, co. Hungary, border
ing on Transylvania. Pop. 188,144. Sq. m.
2,308. Place of assembly, Lugos.
Krasufi X. Aust. Galicia ; 32 SSW. Halicz.
Krasupol, X. Rus. Podolia ; 6 E. Braclaw.
Kraszna, X. Hungary, on a river of the same
name ; 16 S. Zatmar.
Kraszna, co. Transylvania, bordering on Hun
gary. Sq. m. about 230.
Kraszna, r. Hungary, which runs into the
Samos, 7 N. Etsed.
Kraszona, X. Hungary ; 8 SSE. Czatza.
KratSusa, X. Volhynia ; 56 NW. Zytomiers.
Kratze, t. Pomerania ; 8 WSW. Cosslin.
Kraupen, or Krupka, X. Bohemia, in Leitme
ritz; 14 WNW. Leitmeritz. Lon. 13. 54. E.
Lat. 50. 41. N. Pop. 1,563.
Krausnec, X. Brandenburg ; 13 S. Storkow.
Krautheim, X. Baden, on the Jaxt ; 8 ENE.
Meckmuhl, 34 N. Heilbronn. Pop. 610.
Krautheim, X. Bav. ; 4 N. Volckach.
Kraw, (Isthmus of) narrow part of Lower
Siam, between the Indian sea and the gulf of
Siam ; about 70 miles across. Lon. 98. 20. to
89. 30. E. Lat. 9. to 12. N.
Kraysk, X. Rus. Wilna; 84 E. Wilna.
Krazau, t. Bohemia, in Buntzlau; 5 ESE.
Krottau. Kreben, X. Pru. Poland; 32 S. Posen. P. 1,300.
Krebes, X. Saxony, in the Vogtland.
Krebsbach, r. Silesia, which runs into the
Neisse, near Ottmuchau.
Krebsbach, X. Silesia, in Neisse; 4 SW. Ottmu
chau. Krebsee, t. Prussia ; 4 E. Marienwerder.
Kreibitsch, t. Bohemia, Leitmeritz ; 24 NNE.
Leitmeritz.. Fop. 1,105. '
Kreidersville, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. ; W.
202. Kreissenbrunn, X. Austria ; 4 NW. Hoffmarckt.
Kreilz, t. Hungary, on foe Gran ; 6 S. Crem-
nitz. Kreitz, t. Croatia; 25 ESE. Agram.
Kreilzenstotten, t. Austria; 6 SE. Ehrnsprunn.

Kremen, t. Croatia, on the Korana; 4 Nt
Sluin. Kremengug, or Krementschuk, X. Russia, in
Ekaterinoslav, on the Dnieper ; 38 WNW. Eka
terinoslav. Lon. 33. 10. E. Lat. 49. N. Fop.
7,400. H. 1,000.
Kremenitskoi, X. Russia, in Novgorod ; 52 E.
Novgorod. Kreminiek, or Kremernez, X. Russia, in Volhy
nia ; 36 S. Lucko, 224 E. Cracow. Pop. 3,650.
Knmnitz, see Cremnitz.
Krempe, t. Holstein ; 3N. Gluckstadr. P. 970.
Krems, see Crems.
Kremsier, or Kromerziz, X. Moravia, in Prerau,
on foe Morawa, belonging to the bishop of Ol
mutz ; 10 SSW. Prerau, 17 S. Olmutz. Lon. 17.
20. E. Lat. 49. 17. N. Ppp. 3,200. A gymnasium.
Kremswiinstcr, X. Austria ; 12 W. Steyr. Pop.
1,000. Krenenskaia, X. Russia, in the countiy of the
Cosacs, near the Don ; 216 NE. Azoph.
Krenstotlen, X. Austria ; 9 E. Steyr.
Krentz, see Crentz.
Krepsbach, r. Silesia, which runs into the river
Weidelach. Kresabad, X. Hind., in Bundelcund ; 28 SSW.
Pannah. Kremizkererch, mt. LowerCarniola ; 4 NNE.
Weixelberg. Kresta, small isl. near S. coast of Nova Zem
bla, in the straits of Vaigatskoi. Lon. 59. 20. E.
Lat. 70. 32. N.
Kresiiak, isl. in the Frozen sea, situated at
(he mouth of the Lena, of a triangular form ;
its mean diameter about 12 miles. Lon. 16. 14.
E. Lat. 77. 42. N.
Krelynga, X. Samogitia ; 36 NW. Miedniki.
Krestal, X. Bavaria; 6 S. Kissingen.
Krestzei,X. Russia, Novgorod; 11 SE. Nov
gorod. Lon. 50. 30. E. Lat. 58. 4. N. Pop. 1,874.
Kreupel, small isl. near W. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 112. 25. E. Lat. 3. 67. N.
Kreusbach, X. Austria; 9 SSE. St. Polten.
Kreutzen, or Creulzen, t. Austria ; 2 NW.
Grein. Kreutzburg, X. Russia, in Polotskoe, on the
Duna ; 60 ESE. Riga, 104 NW. Polotsk.
Krewits, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 10 E.
Schwerin, 32 SSW. Rostock. Lon. 11. 45. E.
Lat. 53. 40. N. Pop. 1,207.
Krewo, t. Rus. Wilna ; 42 SE. Wilna.
Kreyscha, X. Saxony ; NE. Torgau.
Kreywis, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 3 NNE.
Kamnitz. Kriany, t. Russia, in Lublin ; 8 E. Lublin.
Krichevskaia, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on
the Dwina; 16 S. Cholmogori.
Krichingen, see Creange.
Kriechbaam, X. Austria, 10 ENE. Steyregg.
Kreidersville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. ; W
199. Kriegla, t. Stiria; 11 NE. Pruck.
Krijlnagur, X. Hind., Mewat ; 18 NNE. Alvar.
Krijinagur, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 16 ENE.
Roopnagur. Krika, district, Africa, in Calbari.
Krimpe, X. Holland, on the Merwe; 6 E.
Rotterdam. Krink, t. Istria ; 12 SSE. Capo d'lstria.
Krisanitzhurn, X. Croatia ; 3 S. Sluin.

KRO

877

KUB

Krisling, t. Prussia ; 10 SW. Allenstein.
Krilschev, or Kriczev, t. Eu. Russia, in Mohi
lev, on foe Sosha ; 56 S. Mohilev. It is a con
siderable town, and has a castle and several
churches. Krilzwa, X. Bohemia, in Rakonitz ; 9 S. Ra
konitz. ,
Krivan, mt. Hungary. Lon. gO. 45. E. It is
8,345 feet high, and is one of the highest sum-
raits ofthe Carpathian chain.
Krivelnik, t. Walachia ; 7 NE. Csernitz.
Krivina, X. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Danube ; 33 E Nicopoli.
Kriukov, X. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Dnieper ; 80 WSW. Ekaterinoslav.
Krivoirog, t. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Inguletz ; 64 WSW, Ekaterinoslav.
Krivolutska, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
Lena ; 14 SW. Kirensk.
Krivozerskoi, fortress, Russia, in Kolivan, on
foe Irtisch ; 228 SW. Kolivan.
Kriwils, see Krewits.
Kroben, or Krawe, X Pru. Posen : 32 S. Posen.
Pop. 1,281
Kraipelein, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin ; 12 W.
Rostock, 22 E.Wismar. Pop. 1,195.
Krojanke, X. Pru. Poland, in Bromberg ; 24
SSW. Friedland. Pop. 1,804.
Krokek, X. Sweden, East Gothland; 11 NE.
Nordkioping. Krokinow, X. Samogitia ; 22 E. Rosienne.
Kroky, X. Samogitia; 18 SE. Rosienne.
Krolendorf X. Austria ; 16 E. Steyr.
Kromi, t Russia, Orel ; 16 S. Orel. Pop. 2,000.
. Kromerziz, see Kremsier.
Kromme, r. Africa, which runs into the Indi
an sea, forming a bay at its mouth. Lat. 34. 6. S.
Kronas, X. Austria ; 3 S. Steyregg.
Kronbwrg, or Cronenburg, X. Ger., in Nassau ;
9 NW. Frankfort on the Maine ; 14 NE. Mentz.
Kronberg, X. Austria; 4 WNW. Pirrawarth.
Kronenberg, X. Neth., Utrecht; ION. Utrecht.
Kronhamn, small isl. W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 26. E. Lat. 62. 25. N.
Kronoby, X. Finland ; 7 S. Gamla Karleby.
Kronorn, small isl on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 19. 8. E. Lat. 63. 27. N.
Kronsey, X. Austria; 6 NW. Crems.
Kropk, X. Persia, in Kerman, capital of the
district of Narmanshur; 150 SE. Kerman. It
is the residence of a governor, of tolerable size,
and surrounded by a deep ditch.
Kropin, X. Moravia, Prerau ; 9 SSW. Prerau.
Kropivna, X. Russia, in Tula ; 16 W. Tula.
Kroppa, X. Sweden, in Warmeland ; 30 NE.
Carlstadt. Kroppenstadl, X. Prussia, Saxony, Magdeburg ;
9 ENE. Halberstadt, 11 NNE. Quedlingburg.
Pop. 1,852.
Kroren, lake, Norway ; 33 NW- Christiania.
Kropsunkari, small isl. on E. side of foe gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 25. 6. E. Lat. 65. 10. N.
Kroscliau, X. Bohemia, in Rakonitz ; 5 NW.
Rakonitz. Kroska, X. Servia, on the right bank of foe
Danube ; 10 SSE. Belgrade.
Krosno, X. Austrian Poland, in Galicia ; 25
NW. Sanock. Pop. 4,877. H. 600.
Krotbschin, X. Pru. Poland, in Posen, on the
borders of Silesia ; 28 W. Kalisch. Pop. 4,010.

Krottau, t. Bohemia, Buntslau ; 46 E. Dres1
den, 50 NNE. Prague.
Krouna, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 12 SSE.
Chrudim. Kroze, X. Samogitia ; 20 NW. Rosienne.
Krisiwno, or Krichen, X. Pru. Posen ; 24 S.
Posen. Krsna, r. Poland, which runs into the Bug.
Krucken X. Prussia ; 15 SSE. Brandenburg.
Kruczet, X. Aust. Galicia ; 8 NE. Lemberg.
Krudosel, t. Persia, Ghilan ; 12 SE. Reshd.
Krudzewo, X. Russia, Wilna ; 16 SE. Wilna.
Kruglikiu, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia; 12 S.
Choczim. Krulich, see Grulich.
Krumbach, X. Hungary ; 4 NW. Palotza- .
Krumbach, r. Wurtemberg, which runs into
foe Fils, 2 E. Goppingen.
Krumbach, X. Bavaria ; 56 W. Munich. Pop.
1,400. Krumdik, X. Holstein ; 2 N. Wilster. -
Krumpach, X. Austria ; 20 S. Ebenfurth.
Krumlaw, see Crumau.
Krunzau, lake, Brandenburg, in foe mark of
Fregnitz ; 4 NNE. Kynitz.
Krupa, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 60 E. Lucko.
Krupa, X. Russia, in Wilna ; 4 N. Lida.
Krupka, X. Rus. Minsk ; 60 NE. Minsk.
Krupka, see Kraupen.
Krupulik, X. Macedonia ; 84 NNW. Saloniki.
Kruscevaz, or Alagia, X. Servia ; 24 NNW.
Precop. Kruschin, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 24 E. Culm.
Krutaia, X. Russia, Tobolsk, on the Irtisch ;
36 N. Omsk.
Krnten, X. Courland ; 32 SSW. Goldingen.
Krutogorskai, ostrog, Russia, in Kamtschatka.
Lon. 155. 54. E. Lat. 54. 50. N.
Krutoiarskaia, fortress, Russia, in Upha, on
the Uvelka ; 72 SE. Tcheliabinsk.
Kruwotow, X. Aust. Galicia ; 22 SE. Halics.
Krylow, X. Aust. Galicia ; 10 N. Belz.
Krzemien, X. Poland ) 34 SW. Bielsk.
Krzeminiec, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 40 SSE.
Luckow, 75 ENE. Lemberg.
Krzepice, t Poland ; 52 NW. Cracow. Pop.
900. In 1794, the confederate Poles were de
feated near this town by the Russians under
Suwarrow. Krzizanaw, X. Moravia, in Brunn; 8 NNW.
Gross Bystesch. Pop. 1,200.
Krzinetz, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 5 NE.
Nimburg. Kteiphe, or Kteifa, X. Syria, supposed to be
anciently called Adarisi; the last town in the
pachalic of Damascus, encompossed with walls
to keep out the Arabs ; 22 NE. Damascus.
Ku, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Se-tchuen;
25 ESE. Pan.
Kua Say, see Guasai.
Kuan, X. Persia, Farsistan ; 36 SSW. Schiras.
Kuar, see Kawar.
Kuashkir, X. Imiretta ; 21 SSW. Cotatis.
Kuaver, X. Persia, in Ghilan ; 90 NW. Reshd.
Kuba, or Kouba, t. Persia, in Schirvan ; 30 S.
Derbend, 45 N. Scamachie. H. 400 or 500. It
is the capital of a territory, and the residence
of a khan.
Kubasclia, X. Dagbestan, not far from west
coast of the Caspian sea. Pop. about 6,000.

KUF

878

KUL

Kubanatva, t. Russia, Upha ; 80 NE. Upha.
Kubbeer, (Sea of) large salt lake, or rather
marsh, Persia, in Irak ; 150 miles long, and 35
broad. The road from Kom to Teheran crosses
a part of this marsh.
Kubbees, t. Persia, in Seistan, in the midst of
a great sandy desert, on the road from Kerman
to Herat ; 160 NE. Kerman.
Kubber-ko-meah, edifice of freestone, erected
in a mountainous district, near the sea-coast of
Algiers ; about 100 feet in height, and 90 in
diameter at the base ; 7 E. Tefessad.
Kubbet Chtiar, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 44 N.
Chamir. Kubbookah, X. Hind., ih Moultan ; 45 E.
Moultan. Kubelberg, t. Bav., circle Of the Rhine ; 11
NNW. Deux Ponts.
Kubena, r. Russia, which runs into lake Ku-
benskoi, 16 NW. Kadnikow, in Vologda.
Kubenskoi, X. Russia, in Vologda, on a lake of
foe same name ; 16 NW. Vologda.
Kubenskoi, lake, Russia, in Vologda, about 40
miles long, and 8 broad ; 12 NW. Vologda.
Kubin, X. Hungary, in the Bannat, on the
Danube, opposite to Semendria. Pop. 2,400.
Kubing, X. fa. castle, Hungary, on the Waag ;
8 N. Rosenburg.
Kublicz, X. Lithuania ; 15 SE. Braclaw.
Kubuchanskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
Amul ; 80 SE. Doroninsk.
Kuchavie, X. Rus. Kiev ; 60 NNW. Kiev.
Kuchl, X. Aust. Salzburg; 10 S. Salzburg.
Pop. 560.
Kucha: Serai, X. Hind., Lahore ; 7 N. Ameda
bad. Kufa, X. Irak Arabi ; 4 N. Mesched Ali. It
was once large and populous, founded by Omar,
after the ruin of Ctesiphon, and the residence of
the caliphs, till the seat of government was re
moved to Bagdad. Little now remains of it.
Kukendorf X. Prussia ; 24 SW. Heilsberg.
Kuda, X. Mingrelia, on the coast of the Black
sea ; 10 SSE. Ilori.
Kudacoil, X. Bengal ; 26 SE. Doesa.
Kudahasi, see Scalanova.
Kudamia, X. Egypt, on E. branch of the Nile ;
20 N, Cairo.
Kudarinska, fortress, Russia, in Irkutskoi, on
foe borders of China ; 60 S. Selenginsk.
Kudaseiskoi, X. Russia, in Toholsk. Lon. 81.
14. E. Lat. 65. 15. N.
Kudda, X. Hind., Visiapour; 20 N. Poonah.
Kuddano, X. Africa, Bergoo ; 65 NW. Wara.
Kudecl, t. Hind., in Bahar ; 20 W. Ramgur.
Kuddow, X. Pomerania ; 5 NNE. New Stettin.
Kudezeva, X Russia, in Kolivan ; 28 S. Kuz
netsk. Kudinska, X. Russia, in Irkutsk ; 32 N. Ir
kutsk. Kuemberg, mt. Carinthia ; 8 SSE. Saxenburg.
Kuepach, X. Bavaria ; 3 N. Aicha.
Kvetli, X. Turkish Armenia ; 27 WSW. Akal
zike. Kuffslein, or Kopslain, X. Tyrol, on the borders
of Bavaria, on foe Inn ; 32 ENE. Inspruck, 38
WSW. Saltzburg. Lon. 12. 14. E. Lat. 47.32. N.
U is built at the foot of a stupendous rock, on
which is a castle, which serves for a fortress.
Kuffl, see Keft.

Kugna, r. Bessarabia, which runs into the
Danube, 5 E. Isaczi ; forming a large lake at its
mouth. The water begins to expand atTobak,
30 miles from its union with the Danube.
Kuh- Colin, see Colleda.
Kuhdeal, X. Bengal ; 34 W. Ramgur.
Kuhdorf t. Weimar ; 4 S. Weyda.
Kuheschmaltz, t. Silesia, in Neisse ; 6 SSW.
Grotkau. Kuhestek, s-p. Persia, at the entrance of the
gulf of Persia ; 36 W, Ormus.
Kuhisar, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 15
NW. Akserai.
Kuhlsheim, or Killtzheim, X. Baden, on the
Muhlbach ; 12 SE. Miltenberg, 32 ENE. Hei
delberg. Pop. 1,883.
Kuhmois, t, Finland, Tavastland ; 39 NNE.
Tavasthus. Kuhmonieni, X. Finland ; 50 ESE. Cajana.
Kuhna, X, Lusatia ; 4 SE. Gtirlil'z.
Kuhnfeld, X. Bavaria ; 17 SSW. Bamberg.
Kuia, X. Russia, on the coast of the White sea,
in Archangelskoe ; 20 N. Archangel.
Kugali, see Kuyali.
Kujaritza, r. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, which
runs into the Mariza, 4 E. Filippopoli.
Kuiatzkaia, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Dzon-
muren ; 44 N. Irkutsk. Lat. 52. 50. N.
Kui-feou, X. China, of foe third rank, Chang-
tong; 10 E. Yen-tcheou.
Kuinen, X. Pru. Gumbinnen ; 8 S. Insterburg.
Kuinuc, X. Natolia ; 20 N. Ekishehr.
Kuivainemi, X. Finland, in Ulea; 20 ESE.
Tornea. Kuivasmaki, X. Finland, Wasa ; 106 SE. Wasa.
Kuka, X. Finland ; 32 SE. Biorneborg.
Kukalar, X. Finland, in Abo ; 38 E. Abo.
Kukerpeh, X. Natolia ; 32 W. Boli.
Kilki, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 70 N. Meaco.
Kukkaistenmaa, small isl. on E. side of the
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 21. 1. E. Lat. 60. 53. N.
Kuku, X. Africa, capital of a country, situated
NE. of Bornou ; 250 NE. Bornou. Lon. 24. 45.
E. Lat. 21. 45. N.
Kukuli, r. Transylvania, which runs into the
Maros, about 7 miles above Weisenburg.
Kukus, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz, celebrat
ed for its baths ; 11 N. Konigingratz. H. 56.
Kula, r. Moldavia, which runs into the Reut,
near Isakova.
Kulagina, fortress, Russia, in the government
of Caucasus, on the Ural ; 56 N. Gurey.
Kulali, isl. Russia, Caspian sea. Lat. 45. N.
Kularska, X. Russia, Irkutsk ; 68 NNE. Stre-
tensk. Kulb, X. Austria ; 10 SSW. St. Polten.
Kulbaeva, X. Rus., Upha ; 48 E. Menzelinsk.
Kuldatzskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
borders of China ; 80 SW. Selenginsk.
Kulebakina, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
Lena ; 20 S. Kirensk.
Kukbrun, X. Prussia ; 12 S. Elbing.
Kukbugage, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 40
N. Tarsus.
' Kuliehow, X. Aust. Galicia ; 10 NNE. Lem
berg. Kuling, X. Grand Bukharia, in the kingdom of
Balk ; 30 NE. Balk.
Kulla, small country, Africa, SW.of Dar Fur.
Lon. 20. E. Lat. 9. N. The inhabitants arepa«-

KUM

879

KUN

gans, partly black and partly copper coloured ;
slaves are purchased from hence, and Pimento.
wutta, t. Sweden, in Upland ; 17 NE. Stock
holm. v/ulla, t. Finland ; 10 ESE. Biorneborg.
vrulla, t. Hind., in Guzerat ; 60 SW. Gogo.
Kullupollum, X. Hind., in Guntoor; 32 NNE.
Mootapilly. Kullaut, X. Candahar; 55 E. Candahar.
Kulle, see Coueri.
Kullen, t. Sweden, in Skone ; 15 N. Helsing-
borg. Kullerwah, X. Hind., in Gurry Mundella ; 35
E. Mundella.
Kullo, country, Africa ; E. of Konkodoo.
Kullowguy, X. Africa, in Kullo. Lon. 8.28.W.
Lat.12. 24. N. .
Kulm, X. Grand Bukharia, in Balk ; 30 NE.
Balk, 38 SSE. Termed.
Kulm, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 9 SW.
Kamnitz. Kulm, mt. Dalmatia ; 15 N. Ragusa.
Kulmalax, X. Finland ; 31 N. Tavasthus.
Kulmeeta; X. Algiers, on the left side of the
Shellef, near its mouth ; 6 N. Mustygannim.
Ku4ong-tchat, X. on the N. coast of Formosa.
Lon.. 121. 34. E. Lat. 25. 16. N.
Ku-lou, t. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 27 ENE. Chun-te.
Kulpa, navigable r. Aust Iliyria, which rises
5 miles from Gottschee, in Carniola, and runs
into the Save, near Sissek, in Croatia.
KutsAeim, t. Baden ; 4 ESE. Heidelberg. Pop.
1,900. Kulsutanskpi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi ; 100 SW.
Nertchinsk. Kultapa, X. Persian Armenia ; 6 E. Nacsivan.
Kumader, X. Japan, Niphon ; 10 NE. Morisa.
Kumala, t. Finland ; 65 NNE. Jamsio.
Rumania, (Great fy Little,) two counties,
central part of Hungary ; separated from each
other by the Teisse. Pop. of Great Kumania,
32,624. Sq. m. 424. Chief town, Hardszag.
Pop. of Little Kumania 41,346. Sq. m. 996.
Chief town, Felegyhaza. The inhabitants are
mostly Calvinists. The productions are grain,
eattle, tobacco, watermelons, fac.
Kumano, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 6 NE. Ixo.
Kumant, X. Japan, Niphon ; 70 NNW. Meaco.
Kumbalia, X. Hind., in Guzerat, near, the gulf
of Cutch, on the Sieran ; 5 miles above its
mouth. Lon. 69. 45. E. Lat. 22. 15. N. It is
populous and well built, surrounded by a stone
wall with round bastions and 4 gates ; and has
considerable trade.
Knmbo, km. Africa, near foe mouth of the
Gambia. Kumi Jacub, X. Egypt ; 16 S. Girge.
Kumegan, X. Prussia ; 16 NW. Konigsberg.
Kumi, isl. in the E. Indian sea, in a cluster of
6 or 7 others, between Formosa and Japan.
These islanders are neither Japanese nor Chi
nese ; hut, situated between these two empires,
they seem to partake of both people. Lon. 123.
20. E. Lat. 24. 33. N. It is 3 or 4 leagues in
circumference ; populous and well cultivated.
Kuminge, X. Finland, in Ulea; 11 NE. Ulea.
Kiimta, t. Sweden, in Nericia ; 7 S. Orebro.
Kumla, t. Sweden, in E. Gothland ; 10 SSW.
Nardkioping.

Kumla, X. Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 25 W.
Stockholm. .
Kumline, small isl. in the Baltic, between the
continent of Finland and the island of Aland,
with a town. Lon. 20. 37. E. Lat. 60. 17. N.
Kjimo, X. Finland, in Abo, on a river of the
same name ; 23 SE. Biorneborg.
Kumri, (Gebel,) see Jlfoon, (Mountains of.)
Kumschak, r. Russia, which runs into the Don,
near Bistriauka, in the countiy of the Cosacs.
Kunashir, isl. in the Eastern sea, belonging
to foe archipelago of the Kuriles ; 100 m. long,
and 35 broad ; having only 200 inhabitants.
The central part is mountainous.
Kundal, X. Bengal ; 20 SE. Comillah.
Kundallah, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 10 ESE.
Tooliapour. ' Kundawilsa, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 20 SW.
Cicacole. Kundera, X. Hind. ; 35 W. Poonah.
Kundj, r. Turkish Armenia, which runs into
the Euphrates, nearKundjeh.
Kundjeh, X. Turkish Armenia, on the Euphra
tes ; 65 S. Erzerum.
Kunding, X. Bav., on the Altmuhl ; 5 SSW.
Berngries. Kundlitz, t Bav. ; 2 NW. Markt Schorgast.
Kundorf t Ger., in Meinungen ; 3 NE. Mei
nungen. Kundozerskaitt, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe ;
128 S. Kola.
Kundfutchia, X. Russia, in the country of the
Cosacs, on the Donetz ; 68 NE. Azoph.
Kune, r. France, which runs into the Moselle,
near Konismaker
Kungipara, t Hind., in Delhi ; 10 SE. Tan-
nasar. Kungsberg, see Konigsberg.
Kungar, X. Russia, in Perm, on the Silva ; 40
S. Perm. Pop. 5,848.
Kunisfeld, X. Switz., in Baden ; 4 W. Baden.
Kunk, or Congo, or Bender Congo, or Cung,
s-p. Persia, in Laristan, on the coast of the Per
sian gulf, opposite to the island of Kishme ; 60
SE. Lar. Lon. 54. 50. E. Lat. 26. 44.' N. Pop.
2,000 ; mostly Arabians.
Kunkagur, X. Hind., in Orissa, capital of foe
district of Kunka, on the coast, and the resi
dence of a rajah. Lon. 87. 5. E. Lat. 20. 50. N.
Kun-lien, X. China, of foe third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 40 SSW. Soui-tcheou.
Kunnersdorf X. Pru. Brandenburg; 3 ENE.
Frankfort on the Oder. This place is remark
able for a battle fought here between the Prus
sians and the united forces ofthe Austrians and
Russians, on the 12th of August, 1759, in which
the former were defeated with the loss of
20,000 in killed, wounded, and prisoners, to
gether with all their cannon ; the latter lost
about 10,000.
Kunnipour, X. Hind., in Benares ; 15 S. Mer
zapour. Kuno, fortress, Japan, on SE. coast of the isle
of Niphon ; 60 WSW. Jedo.
Kunoe, one of foe Faroe islands.
Kunovat, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby,
near Kunovatskoi.
Kunovatskoi,X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on foe Oby;
80 S. Obdorskoi.
Kunow, t Poland, in Sandomirz ; 16 SSE.
Radom. H. 131.

IttJR

880

KUR

Kunowitz, X. Moravia, in Olmutz, on the 01s-
chowa ; 37 S. by E. Olmutz. Pop. 2,472.
Kunstadl, or Burgkunstadt, t. Bav. ; 6 E. Lich-
tenfels, 24 NNE. Bamberg. Pop. 1,340.
Kunstadl, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 5 SE. Els.
Kunstadl, (Alien,) X. Bav. ; 1 S. Kunstadt
Kunstadt, see Constadt.
Kun Szent Miklos, X, Hungary, in Little Ku
mania ; 35 S. Pest. Pop. 3,830.
Kunte, t. Japan, in Xicoco ; 18 S. Ijo.
Kunting, t. Bav., at foe conflux ofthe Schwar-
zach and Altmuhl ; 4 WNW. Beilugries, 11 NE.
Aichstadt. Kuntzen, X. Prussia, in Konigsberg, on the Cu
risch Nerung; 28 N. Konigsberg. ¦
Kunzelsau, t Wurt, on the Kocher ; 9 NE.
Ohringen. Pop. 2,403.
Kunzstein, t. Bav. ; 4 WSW. Aichstadt.
Kuopio, X. Finland, and capital of Savolax ;
150 SSE. Ulea, 220 NNE. Abo. Lon. 27. 28. E.
Lat. 62. 54. N. Pop. 819. The town stands on
W. side of an extensive lake.
Kuortane, X. Finland ; 52 ESE. Wasa.
Kupach, X. Bavaria ; 4 NE. Aicha.
Kupenka, X. Rus. Voronez ; 16 SW. Livensk.
Kupensk,X. Rus., Voronez; 128 SSW. Voronez.
Kuperpeh, X. Natolia ; 35 WNW. Boli.
Kupferberg, X. Bavaria ; 14 N. Bayreuth.
Kupferberg, X. Bav. ; 8 N. Ingolstadt, 10 ENE.
Aichstadt. Pop. 400.
Kupferberg, X. Silesia, Jauer ; 15 SSW. Jauer,
22 W. Schweidnitz. Lon. 15. 55. E. Lat. 50. 40.
N. Pop. 796.
Kupferberg, X. Pru. Silesia, on the Bober ; 1 7
SW. Jauer. Pop. 796
Kupferberg, t. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 22 WSW.
Saatz. Lon. 13. 5. E. Lat. 50. 23. N. Pop. 570.
Kuph, X. Syria, in a state of decay, but bear
ing evidence of ancient splendour ; 35 SSW.
Aleppo. All the buildings are of yellow hewn
stone ; the walls about 18 inches thick, and
neither fastened with iron, nor laid in mortar.
The houses are built round courts, and have the
appearance of palaces. Crosses over the doors
prove they were erected by Christians ; and
from the style of architecture, Dr. Pococke
supposes about the fourth or fifth century.
Kupinatz, X. Croatia ; 14 E. Carlstadt.
Kupliaghisi, X. Natolia ; 16 S. Sinob.
Kuppenheim, X. Baden ; 3 SSE. Rastadt, 22
NE. Strasburg. Pop. 1,614.
Kupporeali, X. Hind., in Sirhind ; 50 SW. Sir-
bind. Kupri, r. Natolia, which runs into the gulf of
Satalia, Lon. 37. E. Lat 36. 59. N.
Kupribazari, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 6
W. Satalia.
Kups, t. Bavaria ; 3 W. Cronach.
Kupsinga, X. Hind., in Gangpour; 10 SSW.
Gangpour. Kur, (an. Cyrus,) r. Asia, which rises in Ar
menia, passes through Georgia, the province of
Schirvan, fac, and runs into the Caspian sea, by
several mouths, 70 SSW. Baku.
Kura, small isl. in the Caspian sea. The land
fs not high, but the shores are steep all round.
Lat. 39. N.
Kurab, see Kesker.
Kwrabad, X. Candahar ; 8 W. Attock.
Kuxaggi, t. Japan, Niphon ; 45 NNE. Jedo.

Kuralija, t. Egypt ; 4 NW. Cairo.
Kuramo, see Koran.
Kurbitz, t. Saxony, Vogtland ; 3 S. Plauen.
Kurda, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 3 S. Theraud.
Kureh, X. Natolia ; 34 W. Sinob.
Kurdistan, see Curdistan.
Kurdiukov, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus, on
the Malva ; 28 W. Kizliar.
Kurdium, t. Russia, in Saratov, on foe Volga ;
16 NNE. Saratov.
Kureek, X. Hind., in Lahore ; 10 WNW. Gu-
jurat. Kurenc, i. Persia, which rises, in the N. part
of Mecran, and runs into foe Arabian gulf, 30
W. Tiiz.
Kurenka, r. Russia, which runs into the Eni
sei, 52 N. Turuchansk.
Kurfekian, see Khorfakan. -
Kurgan, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on foe Tobol ;
68 SW. Yalutorovsk. Pop. 600.
Kurgan, r. Asia, which rises in foe Persian
province of Chorasan, and runs into the Caspian
sea, W. Astarabat.
Kurganskia, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ir
tisch ; 16 E. Tara.
Kuriat, X. Arabia, in Oman, at the mouth of
a river of the same name, which runs into the
Arabian sea, a little S. Cape Kuriah; 20 SE.
Mascat. Kurjaun, X. Hind., Gohud ; 25 SW. Gwalior.
Kurikka, X. Finland ; 36 NE. Christianstadt-
Kurila, X. Finland ; 20 SW. Brahestad.
Kurilaut, X. Charasm ; 60 SSE. Urkonje.
Kurile Islands, chain of islands in the N. Pa
cific ocean, extending in length about 900 miles.
Lat. 42. to 51. N. from S. extremity of Kamts-
ckatka to Japan, valuable principally for the
furs, particularly of the sea otter, which are
found here. There are 22 islands known ; sev
eral of them not inhabitable through the entire
want of water ; others are fertile, well wooded,
and full of game and fish. Some contain vol
canoes, and all are subject to frequent earth
quakes. The three southernmost belong to Ja
pan ; the other nineteen to the Russian govern
ment of Irkutsk. The whole number of the in
habitants of the archipelago is estimated at only
1,400. The Kuriles are humane, hospitable,
and honest ; of low stature, and their bodies
much covered with hair. They are addicted to
the superstitious practices of Shamanism.
Kurisonda, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania; 60
NNE. Tocat.
Kurissima,X. Japan, in Xicoco ; 16 W. Ijo.
Kurk, X. Candahar; 25 E. Cabul.
Kurkes, r. Persia, which joins the Kurenc
near its month.
Kurkin, t, Bengal ; 11 NE. Ramgur.
Kurkumba, t. Hind., in Ruttunpour ; 32 E.
Ruttunpour. Kurkuna, X. Hind., in Surgooja ; 25. NE. Sur
gooja. Kurkstat, X. Finland ; 18 W. Helsingfors.
Kurma, X. Africa, in Dar Fur ; 12 W. Cobbe.
Kurmdya, X. Bengal ; 55 SSW. Doesa.
Kurmisch, X. Russia, in Simbirsk ; 104 NW.
Simbrisk. Pop. 1,190.
Kurmuki, X. Georgia ; 105 SE. Teflis.
Kurnach, r. Ger., which runs into the Danube,
2 NW. Villengea.

KUS

881

KUT

Uuroputniki, t. Aust. Galicia ; 45 ESE. Lem
berg. Kurosald, X. Japan, Ximo ; 27 N. Taisero.
Kurow, X. Holstein ; 9 NNW. Lubeck.
Kurra, r. Hind., which runs into the Beema,
32 N. Visiapour.
Kurrabagh, X. Candahar, in Ghizni ; 20 WSW.
Ghizni, 125 ENE. Candahar. Lon. 67. 59. E.
Lat. 33. 30. N.
Kurrabagh, X. Candahar ; 15 NW. Cabul.
Kurravaut, r. Hind., which runs into foe Cau
very, 9 NE. Carroor.
Kurreechane, X. South Africa, capital of the
Marootze tribe ; not far from the Marina river,
towards the eastern coast. Lat. about 24. S.
Pop. about 16,000. It is a recently discovered
town, visited in 1820, by Mr. Campbell. The
inhabitants are represented as possessing a de
gree of civilization and knowledge of the arts
unequalled by other natives of Southern Africa.
They smelt iron and copper, and manufacture
various articles of hardware, pottery, fac. The
surrounding country is fertile.
Kurregur, X. Hind., in Orissa ; 7 SE. Boad.
Kurrera, X. Hind., Gohud ; 12 SSE. Narwa.
Kurrigpora, X. Bengal ; 45 SSW. Doesa.
Kurrya, X. Bengal , 30 SE. Palamow.
Kursk, or Kurskoe, government, Russia, bound
ed N. by Orel, E. by Voronez, S. by Voronez
and Charkov, and W. by Tchernigov ; about 112
miles frpm N. to S., apd generally 100 from E.
to W.; but a narrow part, about 12 miles wide,
extends 40 miles farther W. Pop. 1,210,000.
Sq. m. 15,900. It is divided into 15 circles. It
consists of a vast tract of fertile land, well wa
tered. The productions are corn, hemp, tobac
co, honey, saltpetre, cattle, horses, fac.
Kursk, X. Russia, capital of a government to
which it gives name, on the Sem ; 240 S. Mos
cow, 544 SSE. Petersburg. Lon. 36. 27. E. Lat.
51. 43. N. Pop. 15,500. H. 2,406. It is the seat
of a Protestant consistory, and contains a gym
nasium, 2 convents, and 16 chh. The value of
the annual exports are computed at £150,000
sterling, consisting of honey, wax, tallow, hemp,
leather, and furs.
Kurszany, X. Samogitia ; 18 NNE. Miedniki.
Kursy, X. Hind., Candeish ; 45 SW. Burhan-
pour. Kurtaculac, X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia ; 25 SE.
Adana. Kurlapour, X. Hind., Lahore ; "10 S. Jallindar.
Kurtowiany, X. Samogitia ; 16 ENE. Miedniki.
Kurume, X. Japan, in Ximo; 16 ENE. Ikua.
Kwru, X. Finland ; 63 ENE. Biorneborg.
Kuryma, X. Hungary ; 12 NE. Szeben.
Kusamo, t. Finland ; 85 E. Tornea.
Kusbah,X. Hind., Benares; 22 WNW. Benares.
Kuscan, X. Persia, in Segestan ; 21 NE. Kin.
Kuscari, X. Mingrelia ; 30 NNE. Anarghia.
Kuschail, X. Rus. Tobolsk ; 28 S. Tomsk
Kuscherevskoi, X. Rus. Archangel ; 44 W. Oneg.
Kusching, X. Bavaria ; 9 NE. Ingolstadt.
Kusel, or Cousel, or Kussel, X. Pru. Lower
Rhine ; 9 SSW. Lautereck, 18 N. Deux Ponts.
Pop. 1,269.
Kusha, t. Podolia ; 32 E. Kaminiec.
Kushal, or Kuthal, fortress, Asia, in Kuttore ;
22 SE. Kuttore fortress. Lon. 70,39. E. Lat. 35.
17. N. Vol. I. JH

Kushkat, t. Grand Bukharia ; 72 W. Kojend.
Kusiga, x. Russia, which runs into the Amur,
20 E. Nertchinsk.
Kusko, X. Poland ; 18 WSW. Kalisch.
Kus-Khuser, X. Persia, in Farsistan ; 81 N.
Schiras. Kusma, X. Arabia, in Yemen, inhabited by free
Arabs ; 10 SW. Dsjebi, 50 E. Hodeida.
Kusmo-Demiansk, X Russia, in Kazan, on the
Volga ; 120 NW. Kazan. Pop. 2,500.
Kusseir, X. Egypt, on the right bank of the
Nile ; 16 S. Euseneh.
Kussi, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 65 NE. Jedo.
Kussnacht,X. Switz., in Schweitz, near which
is a chapel,, erected on the spot where William
Tell slew the Austrian governor; 6 NE. Lu
cerne, 10 W. Schweitz.
Kussoor, X. Hind., in Lahpre ; 26 WNW. Fi
rosepour. Kustangi, or Kiustenza, or Chiustengi, (an.
Constantia,) X- Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Black sea ; 70 E. Dristra. Lon. 28. 37. E. Lat
44. 30. N. Stone houses, 500.
Kuslo, X. Finland, on an island ; 5 S. Abo.
Kuta, r. Russia, which runs into the Lena, at
Kutskoi. Kutajah, see KiUtajah.
Kutali, small island in the sea of Marmora.
Lon. 27. 22 E. Lat. 40. 30. N.
Kutan, X. Hind., in Oude ; 30 E. Kairabad.
Kulanpour, X. Hind., Oude ; 30 E. Kairabad.
Kulals, X. Japan, in Niphon ; 25 E. Meaco.
Kutchnevo, X. Rus. Tobolsk; 340 NNW. Tu
ruchansk. Lon. 84. 24. E. Lat. 71. 20. N.
Kutina, t. Sclavonia ; 33 WNW. Poszega.
Kutno, or Cutno, X. Poland ; 16 N. Lenczicz.
Pop. 2,545.
Kutsch, lake, Prussia ; 18 S. Rastenburg.
Kutschina, X. Servia ; 16 SSW. Orsova.
Ku-tsing, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan ; 1,097 SSW. Peking. Lon. 103. 27.
E. Lat. 25. 34. N. Although this city is sur
rounded with mountains, the soil about them
is fruitful. Within its jurisdiction are 5 towns
of the second order, and 2 of the third. The
inhabitants are veiy industrious and cultivate
every inch of ground.
Kutskoi, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Kuta,
where it joins the Lena ; 60 E. Ilimsk, 276 N.
Irkutsk. Lon. 123. 20. E. Lat., 56. 40. N.
Kultenberg, "or Kutna-Hora, X. Bohemia, in
Czaslau ; 4 NW. Czaslau. Lon. 15. 19. E. Lat.
49. 52. N. Pop. 6,217. It contains 14 churches
and an ancient palace, and has considerable
cotton manufactures. Its silver mines, former
ly very productive, are now overflowed. Those
of lead and copper are still wrought.
Kuttenplan, X. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 1 NW
Pilsen. H. 119.
Kuttenlhal, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 6 SSW.
Jung Buntzlau.
Kutijar, see Pisania.
Kutting, t. France, Meurte ; 4 NE. Dieuze, 9
NW. Sarburg.
Kuttlaw, t. Silesia, in Glogau ; 6 NNW. Gros
Glogau. Pop. 1,400.
Kuttore, X. fa fortress, Asia, in the country to
which it gives name ; 100 NE. Cabul, 280 NW
Lahore. Lon. 70. 17. E. Lat. 35. 27. N.
Kuttore, called by foe Mahometans. Cafiristan,
or Laud of Infidels ; see Cafiristan.

KYL

882

KZI

Kuttubdea, small isl. in the bay of Bengal,
near foe coast of Aracan, inhabited chiefly by
fishermen . It; is 13 miles long, and 4 broad ;
well wooded. Lon. 91. 45. E. Lat. 21. 52. N.
Kutum, X. Hind., Benares ; 10 NE. Bidzigur.
Kuly, X. Aust. Poland, Galicia, on the Czere-
mosz ; 61 SSE. Halicz. Pop. 4,010.
Kutzebar, X. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 40 SW.
Fehrabad. Kuwana, or Quano, s-p. Japan, in Owari.
Kuwnic, X. Pru. Poland ; 12 SSE. Posen.
Pop. 1,300.
Kuyali. X. Eu. Turkey, in Romania ; 27 ESE.
Filippopoli Kuynder, or Fort Kuynder, s-p. Neth., Fries
land, on W. side ofthe river of the same name,
at its entrance into the Zuyder Zee; 23 S.
Lewarden. Lon. 5. 46. E. Lat. 52. 48. N.
Kuynder, r. Neth., which runs into the Zuy
der Zee, at Kuynder.
Ku-yong, X. China, of the third rank, in Ki
ang-nan ; 22 ESE. Nan-king.
Kuzdra, X. Rus. Olonetz ; 40 S. Petrozavodsk.
Kuzenhausen, X. France, in Lower Rhine ; 9
N Strasburg. Pop. 1,100.
Kuzik, r. Russia, which runs into the Viatka,
8 NNE. Kotelnitch.
Kuznik, X. Rus. Viatka; 48 SSW. Glazov.
Kuzma; X. Russia, in Minsk ! 8 S. Mozyr.
Kuzmiloch, X. Rus. Minsk; 16 S. Mozyr.
Kuzctchicha, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the
Volga; 16 NE. Simbirsk.
Kuznetzk, X. Russia, in Saratov ; 96 NNE.
Saratov. Pop. 4,500.
Kuznetzk; t. Russia, in Kolivan, at the con
flux of the Kondoma and the Tom ; 188 ESE,
Kolivan, 320 SSW. Eniseisk. Lon. 86. 49. E.
Lat. 53. 40. N. It contains about 500 houses ;
the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the
manufacture of iron.
Kuznetzkova, t. Russia, in Irkutskoi; 12 N.
Balaganskoi. Kuzneszovo, X. Rus. Perm ; 28 NW. Obvinsk.
Kuznica, X. Rus. Grodno ; 8 SW. Grodno.
Pop. 427.
Kuzomen, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on the
coast of the White sea ; 124 NW. Archangel.
Kuzreka, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on N.
coast of the White sea ; 140 SSE. Kola.
Kwassilz, X. Moravia, Hradisch ; 14 N. Hra-
flisch. Kwassowa, X. Volhynia; 28 N. Zytomiers.
Kyaways, Indians, New Mexico. No. 3,500.
Kybar, X. Norway ; 6 SSW. Wardhuys.
Kyburg, X. Switz., in Zurich. Pop. 332.
Kydrebad, X. Hind., Oude ; 8 NE. Fyzabad.
Kyen, see Kds.
Kygow Gaya, see Gaya.
Kyholm, small isl. Denmark, near the island
of Samsoe.
Kyi, X. Sweden, Warmeland ; 25 SE. Carl
stadt. Kyi, t. Sweden, in Nericia ; 8 NW. Orebro.
%to, t. Sweden, in Warmeland; 23 SW.
Carlstadt.

Kylburg, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, on foe Kyll;
13 SSW. Treves, 26 NNE. Luxemburg.
Kyle of Durness, bay of the North sea, on N.
coast of Scotland, at the mouth of the river
Durness. The entrance is W. of Farout head.
Lon. 4. 42. W. Lat. 58. 40. N.
Kyle of Rhea, narrow strait between the isl
and of Sky, and the main land of the county of
Inverness. Lon. 5. 40. W. Lat. 57. 15. N.
Kyle Scowie, bay on W. coast of Scotland,
and county of Sutherland ; 24 S. Cape Wrath.
Lon. 5. 5. W. Lat. 58. 16. N.
Kyle of Tongue, bay on N. coast of Scotland
and county of Sutherland; 13 WSW. Strathy <<
head. Lon. 4. 13. W. Lat. 58. 35. N.
Kyll; r. Ger., which runs into the Moselle, 6
miles below Treves.
Kyly, or Kyela, s-p. on W. coast of Celebes,
with a spacious harbour. Lat. 1 . 15. S.
Kymen, ox Kymmene, i. which rises in Fin
land, and runs into foe gulf of Finland ; 20 W.
Frederickshamm. Kymengorod, t. Rus. Viborg, on a branch of
the Kymen ; 20 W. Frederickshamm.
Kymito, isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of
Finland, 20 miles long, and from 1 to 2 broad.
Lat. 60. 16. N.
Kymmenegard, extensive pr. Finland, water
ed by the Kymmene. Pop. 115,000.
Kyneton, or Kington, X. Eng., in Hereford, on
the Arrow, with a weekly market on Wednes
day ; 20 WNW. Hereford, 150 WNW. London.
Lon. 2. 57. W. Lat. 52. 18. N. Pop. 1,617.
Kynto, lake, Russia, in Olonetz, almost 48
miles in length, and from 12 to 16 in breadth.
Lon. 28. 48. E. Lat. 65. 40. N.
Kyra, X. Hind., Rohilcund ; 20 S. Budayoon.
Kyradaw, X. Hind., Malwa ; 7 SW. Kimlassa.
Kyradee, X. Bengal ; 14 WSW. Curruckdeah.
Kyralfalva, X. Hungary ; 12 SW. Sirat
Kyragur, fortress, Hind., in Goondwana ; 80
SW. Ruttunpour, 100 E. Nagpour. Lon. 81. 30.
E. Lat. 21. 26. N.
Kyranty, X. Bootan ; 60 S. Tassasudon.
Kyrczyce, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 56 NW. Zyto
miers. Kyrila, X. Finland ; 36 ENE. Christianstadt.
Kyritz, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 29 N. Brariden-
! burg, 40 NW. Berlin. Lon. 12. 26. E. Lat. 52.
26. N. Pop. 1,984.
Kyrkas, X. Sweden, in Jamtland ; 7 NE. Os-
tersund. Kyrhslatt, X. Finland ; 16 W. Helsing.
Kyro, (Little,) X. Finland ; 12 ESE. Wasa.
Kyro, (Star J X Finland ; 20 SE. Wasa.
Kyro, X. North Finland, on a lake of the same
name ; 42 E. Biorneborg.
Kyschaw, X. Prussia ; 32 S. Dantzic.
Kylee, X. Bengal ; 12 S. Burdwan.
Kytee, t. Hind., Bahar ; 28 SSW. Arrah.
Kytzbiehl, or Kytzbuhl, X. Tyrol; 13 ESE.
Kuffstein ; 45 NE. Inspruck.
Kzilkan, X. A. Turkey, on the Tigris ; 21 N.
Tecrit. Kziken, X. A. Turkey ; 15 W. Merdin.

L.

LAB
LiAA; t Austria ; 4 S. Vienna.
Laab, or Lao, t Austria, on foe river Taya ;
12 ESE. Znaym, 26 N. Vienna. Lon. 16. 16. E.
Lat. 48. 39. N. Pop. 1,265. In foe year 1278,
a battle was fought here between the emperor
Rodolphus, and Ottocar, king of Bohemia.
Laadstee, X. Norway ; 112 N.Bergen.
Laage, X. Mecklenburg ; 14 SE, Rostock.
Lon. 12. 30. E. Lat. 55. 58. N.
Laaland, or Laland, isl. Denmark, at the en
trance into the Baltic from foe Greater Belt,
about 60 miles in length, and 12 in its mean
breadth, and reckoned the most fertile spot in
the Danish dominions. This island produces
plenty of all sorts of grain, particularly very
fine wheat, and excellent pease. It is also fa
mous for a kind of red fruit, called manna. The
countiy lies low, the soil is damp, and the air
is very unhealthy. Of all the inhabitants of this
island the clergy are foe best provided for, ac
cording to their rank. The nobility are numer
ous here, and many of them have very fine
seats, and considerable estates. Naskow is the
capital. Pop. 38,000. Sq. m. 459. Laaland unit
ed with Falster, forms a bishopric. Lon. 10. 59.
to 11. 52. E. Lat 54. 40. to 55. N.
Laalgunge, X. Hind., in Oude ; 25 E. Mauick-
pour. Laane, x. Netherlands, which runs into the
Dyle, near Louvain.
Laar, see Lar.
Laarat, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 50 m.
in circ. Lon. 132. 36. E. Lat. 6. 48. S.
Loot's Bank, shoal in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
118. 45. E. Lat. 5. 45. S.
Laos, or Losch, X. Carniola, with a citadel ;
9 W. Gottschee, 23 ENE. Trieste. Lon. 14. 25.
E. Lat. 45. 58. N.
Laap&he, or Laspe, X. Pru. Coblentz, county
of Witgenstein, on the Lahn ; 22 SW. Wal
deck, 64 E. Cologne. Lon. 8. 30. E. Lat. 50. 53.
N. Pop. 1,523.
Lab, X. Bavaria ; 6 ESE. Volkach.
Labaar, X. Hind., in Agra ; 40 E. Gwalior.
Labadde, X. Africa, on the Gold coast.
Labana, now Beled.
Labapi, v. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 37. 20. S.
Labarces, X. Spain, Asturia ; 12 W. Santillana.
Labata, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 10 E. Huesca.
Labbock Bay, bay on NE. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 117. 55. E. Lat. 6. 2. N.
Labdara, small isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon.
15. 19. E. Lat. 44. 14. N.
iMbenstein, see hohenstein.

LAB
Laber, x. Bav., which runs into the Danube,
5 SW. Ratisbon.
Laber, X. Bav. ; 9 WNW. Ratisbon, 11 E. Di-
etfurt. Pop. 629.
Laber, (Gros,) x. Bavaria, which runs into the
Danube, 5 NNE. Straubing.
Laber, (Klein,) r. Bav., which runs into the
Danube, 4 NNW. Straubing.
Laber, x. Bav., which runs into the Altmuhl,
at Dietfurt
LoAes, t. Pru. Pomerania, in Stettin ; 30 NE.
Starguard, 30 S. Colberg. Lon. 16. 39. E. Lat.
53. 39, N. Pop. 1,757.
Labez, pr. Algiers, S. of Boujeah. It was at
one time a kingdom, and is now so called.
Lubiou, t. Prussia, in Konigsberg, with an
ancient castle, on the Deim ; 20 ENE. Konigs
berg. Lon. 21. 17. E. Lat.54.51.N. Pop. 2,438.
Labiszyn, or Labischin, t. Pru.Posen, in Brom
berg, on an island, in the Netze; 35 N. Gnesna.
Pop. 1,995.
Lubo, x. on W. coast of Sumatra, whose chief
trade is in pepper. Lat. 3. 20. N.
Labomas, X. Cuba ; 7 SE. Spiritu Santo.
Labon, X. on W. coast of Sumatra ; 150 SSE.,
Acheen. Lon. 96. 40. E. Lat 3. 10. N, It is
celebrated for gold dust and camphor ; but the
inhabitants are shy of trading with strangers.
Laboon, X. on E. coast of Borneo, on a penin
sula, which projects into the sea. Lon. 119.5.E.
Lat. 5. 9. N.
Labour, before the revolution, a district of
France, in Gascony, of which Bayonne was foe
capital. Labrador, country, N. A., forming a part of
New Britain, belonging to Great Britain, and
attached to the government of Canada ; bound
ed NE. by Hudson's straits and the N. Atlantic.
ocean, SE. by the straits of Belisle, S. by Can
ada, and W. by Hudson's bay. Mr. Cartwright,
who, from a long residence of 16 years, had
good opportunities of being well informed, say9
the face of the whole country, at least all that
we are at present acquainted with, is very hilly,
and in most parts mountainous. The S. coast
appears fertile from the sea, but a close inspec
tion discovers the soil to be poor, and the ver
dure to consist only of coarse plants adapted to
the nourishment of deer and goats, but not
proper for horses, kine, or sheep. The native
inhabitants are two distinct nations of Indians,
Mountaineers and Esquimaux. The climate.,
is remarkably healthy, the winters are very
long and severe, but foe cold is of a pleasant
kind, never causing a person to shiver, as it rjoes

LAC

884

LAC

in England. It produces but 7 kinds of trees,
black, white, and red spruce, larch, silver fur,
birch, and aspen, besides shrubs; the beasts are
bears, both white and black, reindeer, wolves,
wolverines, various kinds of foxes, martens,
lynxes, otters, minks, beavers, fac. ; the birds are
white- tailed eagles,falcons,hawks, grouse, geese,
ducks, plover, fac. The exports are cod-fish,
salmon, oil, whalebone, and furs. There are
several Moravian settlements on the E. coast,
the principal of which is Nain. In these set
tlements, there are about 600 inhabitants, who
have been taught to read the scriptnres in their
own language. Lon. 55. 30. to 78. 30. W. Lat.
50. 30. to 62. 30. N.
Labun, X. Eu. Russia, circle of Stara Constan-
tinow. Pop. 3,192.
Labussia, i. Russia, Tobolsk, which runs into
the Vich, Lon. 79. 14. E. Lat. 61. 50. N.
Laby, X. Sweden, in Upland ; 12 N. Upsal.
Laby, t Africa, in Foota Jallo, one of the
principal in the country ; 60 N. Teemboo. Lat.
10. 48. N. Pop. about 6,000. It is 2J miles in
circumference. The inhabitants manufacture
narrow cloths, work in iron, silver, wood, and
leather. Labyrinth of Egypt, see Beled Kerun.
Labyrinth, cluster of small islands in the Pa
cific ocean ; 75 W. Pernicious islands.
Labyrinth, chain of shoals, rocks, and small
islands, on E. coast of New Holland, extending
from Cape Tribulation to Cape York.
Loco, t. Africa, in the country ofthe Foulis;
10 NW. Goumel.
Lacaben, (an. LacabenaJ X. A. Turkey, in
Aladulia ; 30 SSW. Malatia.
Lacaracoonda,X. Bengal ; 10 S. Nagoree. Lon.
87. 27. E. Lat. 23. 48. N.
Lacas, (Las,) X. Cuba ; 15 W. Villa del Prin
cipe. Laccadive Islands, group of small islands in
the Indian sea ; the nearest is about 120 miles
from the coast of Malabar. Lon. 71. 15. to 73.
30. E. Lat. 10. to 12. 40. N. These islands are
supposed to be what Ptolemy called Insula Nu-
mero XIX., but in fact they are 32; all of them
small, and covered with trees ; they are rocky
on their sides, mostly as if laid on a bottom of
sand, attended with reefs, and the ohannels be
tween them very deep. They are commonly
visited by English ships, in their way from In
dia to the Persian gulf, or Red sea. The prin
cipal traffic of these islands is in the produce of
the cocoa palm, such as the oil, the cables, and
cordage ; and in fish, which is dried and sent
to the continent of India, from whence they
get rice, fac. in return. They also trade to Mas-
cat, in large boats, and bring back, in return
for their commodities, dates, and coffee. Am
bergris is often found floating off these islands.
The inhabitants are mostly Mahometans, called
Moplays. Lacedpgna, see Cedogna.
Lacedamon, now Pako-Chori.
Lacfodery, mountains, Ireland, on E. side of
the county of Kerry, where it joins foe counties
of Limerick and Cork; 12 E. Tralee.
Lachtt, see OlimpO.
Lachas, X. S. A., in Quito ; 60 N. Quito.
Lachawannock, r. Luzerne co. Pa., which runs
into foe Susquehanna, 9 NE. Wilkesbarre.

Lache, r. Thuringia, which runs into foe Elbe,
1 N. Weissensee.
Lachela, X. Finland ; 13 SSE. Wasa.
Lachello, t. Piedmont ; 9 WSW. Vercelli.
Lacfien, t. Switz., in Schweitz, on S. side of
the lake of Zurich ; 8 W. Utznach. Near it axe
some mineral springs, and in the environs are
found crystals and petrifactions.
Lachen, x. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 3 SE.
Neustadt. Pop. 1,000.
Lachmangur, X. Mewat ; 5 N. Macherry.
Lachow, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 28 NW. Con-
stantinow. Lachowicze, t. Rus. Minsk ; 28 SW. Pinsk.
Lachsa, or El Hassa, or Hadsjar, pr. Arabia^
bounded N. by the territories ofthe wandering
Arabs, in the neighbourhood of Bassora, E. by
the Persian gulf, S. by Oman, and W. by Neds
jed. It is also denominated Hadsjar, and some
times Balihrein. Lachsa affords no great variety
of productions.
Lachsa, or El Hassa, or Lahsa, or Hadsjar, X.
Arabia, a considerable town and capital of the
province of Lachsa, where the scheich resides,
situated on the river Aftan, near the Persian
gulf. Lon. 48. 34. E. Lat. 26. 66. N.
Lachte, r. Westphalia, which runs into the Al
lier, 4 E. Zelle.
Lack, X. Mifflin co. Pa, Pop. 1,511.
Lack, see Bischofslaek.
Lackah, r. Ireland, in Donegal, which runs
into Lough Glen.
Lackanwaddy, t Hind., in Aurungabad ; 45 E.
Jaffierabad. Lackar, isl in the East Indian sea ; about 35
miles long, and 6 broad. Lon. 128. 14. E. Lat.
8. 18. S.
Lackarago, X. Africa, in Kasson.
Laekari, X. Persia, Irak ; 129 WNW. Ispahan.
Lackawanock, X. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 602.
Lackawaxen, r. Wayne co. Pa. which runs
into the Delaware, about 30 below Damascus,
and. 174 above Philadelphia.
Lackawaxen, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. ; W. 222.
Lackergaut, t. Thibet ; 45 S. Deuprag.
Lacki, t. Hind., in Bengal ; 56 N. Dacca.
Lackipole, X. Bengal ; 16 NE. Calcutta.
Lackricoita, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 24 SW.
Vizinagram. Lackricoita, X. Hind., in Coimbetore ; 13 SW.
Coimbetore. Lackritapilla, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 20 SW.
Cuddapa. Lackwalsa, X. Hind., Cicacole ; 6 S. Tickely.
Loco, x. Naples, which runs into the Mediter
ranean, Lon. 16. E. Lat. 39. 50. N.
Lacobriga, now Lagos.
Lacock, t. Eng., in Wiltshire ; 5 S. Chippen
ham. Pop. 1,400.
Lacoek's Bay, bay on NE. coast of Barbadoes ;
1 NW. Cuckold's point
Laconcevan, X. Upper Siam, on the Mecon ; 80
S. Porcelon.
Loconio, see Iroquois.
Laeonia, ancient countiy, in SE. part of foe
Peloponnesus. Chief city, Sparta, or Lacedac-
mon. Laconic Gulf, now GulfofColokilhia.
Laconda Isles, two small islands among foe
Laccadives, about 3 miles apart. Lon. 71. 40.E.
Lat. 10. 33. N.

LAD

885

LAG

Lacovid, X. Jamaica ; 55 W. Kingston.
Lacsur, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 50 NE. Herat.
Lactodorum, now Towcester.
Laczhaza, X. Hungary, in Little Kumania, near
the Danube ; 22 S Buda. Pop. 2,684.
Lad, t. Moldavia, on the Reut ; 36 ENE. Ste-
phanowze. Ladbergen, t. Pru. Munster. Pop. 1,800.
Ladeinoepok, X. Russia, in Olonetz; 56 S.Pe
trozavodsk. Lon. 33. 50. E. Lat. 61. 66. N.
Ladenaw, X. Austria; 2 S. Tullu.
Ladenburg, t. Hanover, in Osnabruck ; 9
SSE. Osnabruck.
Ladenburg, t. Baden, on the Neckar ; 6 E.
Manheim, 40 SSE. Mentz. Lon. 8. 40. E. Lat.
49. 27. N. Pop. 2,033.
Ladetsch, t. Bohemia, in Czaslau j 12 SSW.
Czaslau. Ladies Island, isl. S. C, between Port Royal
and St. Helena.
Ladik, or Ladikieh, (an. Laodicea,) X. A. Tur
key, in Caramania ; 25 W.' Cogni. Pop. 4, or
500. It is built of mud. There are but few
vestiges of ancient Laodicea.
Ladikieh, (an. Laodicea,) t. Syria, on foe Le
vant. Ladizin, t. Russia, Podolia; 14 S. Braclaw.
Ladoco; (Los Codos de,) mountains, which be
gin in Portugal, and are continued into Spain,
dividing Galicia from Asturia.
Ladoda, X. Hind., in Agimere ; 20 SE. Roop-
nagur. Ladoga, or Ladozskoi, lake, Russia, between
foe Baltic and the lake Onega ; surrounded by
the governments of Petersburg, Viborg, and
Olonetz ;. the SW. extremity lies 30 E. Peters
burg. It is 140 miles long, and 75 broad ; con
taining 6,200 sq. m., and is the largest lake in
Europe. It contains an abundance of fish, par
ticularly salmon. The shores are flat, but the
navigation dangerous on account of quick
sands. Ladoga, (Nov J X. Russia, on S. coast of the
lake Ladoga ; 56 E. Petersburg. Lon. 21. 44.E.
Lat. 60. 2. N.
Ladon, X. France, in Loiret ; 9 W. Montargis,
27 ENE. Orleans. Pop. 974.
Lados) small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
99. 40. E. Lat. 6. 11. N.
Ladrones, or Mariana Islands, cluster of isl
ands in the North Pacific ocean, discovered by
Magellan ; by some said to be 14, others 16,
which occupy a space of 450 miles in extent.
Lon. 145. to 148. E. Lat. 13. to 21. N. Their
names are Guam, or St. John, the largest, Zar-
pane or Rota, Aguignan or St. Ann, Tinian,
Saypan or St. Joseph, Anatachan or St. Joa
chim, Sarigan or St. Charles, Guguam or St
Philip, Amalagan or Conception, Pagon or St.
tgnatius, Agrigan or St. Xavier, Assonsong, or
Assumption, and Urac, a desert isle. Magellan
is said to have first called them Las Islas de las
Velas, i. e. TAe Island of Sails ; or de las Velas
Latinos, i. e. of Triangular Sails, from the ap
pearance of their prows ; but afterwards Las
Islas de las Ladrones, or The Islands of Thieves ;
because the Indians stole every thing that was
made of iron within their reach. The latter
end ofthe 17th century, they obtained the name
of the Mariana, or Marienne Islande, from the

queen of Spain, Mary Ann of Austria, the mother
of'Gharles II., at whose expense missionaries
were sent over thither to propagate foe Chris*
tian faith. In almost all books of history and
voyages, as well as in maps, we find them styl
ed the Ladrones; notwithstanding which the
last mentioned name has gradually gained
ground. These islands lie in the tori-id zone,
and yet so much is the heat of the sun tempered
by the air, and by breezes of the sea, that the
climate is, generally serene, salubrious, and
pleasant ; only in some seasons of the year they
are liable to hurricanes, which, though they do
sometimes a great deal of mischief, yet clear
and refresh the air, in such a manner, that be
fore they were visited by the Europeans, the
people commonly lived to a great age. The in
habitants are tall, robust, active, and ingenious ;
they wear little clothing ; both sexes stain their
teeth black, and paint their bodies red ; their
religion is an ignorant superstition. — That most
extraordinary and useful plant, the bread-fruit-
tree, was first discovered here.
Ladrones, three small islands in the Pacific
ocean, on foe coast of Veragua ; 8 SE. Cape
Boruca. Lon. 83, 16. W. Lat. 8. 20. N.
Ladroon, x. Africa, which runs into the Indian
sea, Lat. 22. 36. S.
Ladykirk, X. on the island of South Ronaldsha,
Lon. 2. 49. W. Lat. 58. 38. N.
Lady's Island, island in the Atlantic, near the
coast of America, between Port Royal island
and St. Helena. Lon. 80. 32. W. Lat. 42. 30. N.
Laern, t. Flanders ; 5 E. Ghent.
Laerta, or Laertes, X. in SW. part of Cilicia, on
the coast ; 140 W. Tarsus.
Laerwolde, X. Han., in Bentheim ; 3 SSE. Co-
vorden. Laeuanger, X. Norway, Drontheim ; 46 ENE.
Drontheim. LassOe, see Lessoe.
Lafeld, see Laveld.
Lafourche, or La Fourche, x. Louisiana, an
outlet of the Mississippi, which commences at
Donaldsonville, 80 miles above New Orleans,
and flows on W. side into the gulf of Mexico
at E end of Timballier bay.
Lafourche, parish, Louisiana, on the gulf of
Mexico, W. of the Mississippi. Pop. 3,755.
Lafourche, p-t. Acadia, Louisiana; W. 1,306.
Lafvensari, small island in the gulf of Finland
Lon. 45. 32. E. Lat. 69. 57. N.
Logo, r. Sweden, which runs into the North
sea, 4 W. Laholm.
Lagaman, X. Cabulistan ; 60 NE. Cabul.
Lagan-water, r. Ireland, which runs into Bel
fast Lough, at Belfast.
Lagans, X. Portugal, Beira ; 14 SSW. Visen.
Lagan, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort; 6
E. Sternberg, 25 SE. Custrin. Pop. 325.
Lagben, t. Tyrol ; 3 S. Feldkirch.
Lage, X. Ger., in Lippe Detmold ; 3 SW. Lem-
go. Pop. 883.
Lage, X. Mecklenburg Schwerin, on theReck-
nitz ; 9 SW. Rostock.. Pop. 989.
Lagecium, fa Lagenlium, now Castleford.
Lagen Bay, bay on W. coast of the island of
Ila, S. of Lagen point.
Lagens, X. Flores, one of the Azores, contain
ing nearly 1,400 inhabitants.

LAG

886

LAH

Lag-go, t. Sweden, in Upland ; 9 NE. Upsal.
Laggan, parish, Scot., in Inverness-shire, 20
miles long ; 25 NW. Blair Athol. Pop, 1,254.
There is a lake in the parish 15 miles long.
Laghi, X. Arabia, in Hadramaut, on the coast
of the. Arabian sea ; 12 NE. Aden.
Log/, see Lahadsi.
Lagida, x. Cuba, which runs into the sea, at
foe Havannah.
Laglera, x. Spain, which rises in New Castile,
and runs into the Ebro, a little N. of Calzada.
Lagnasco, X. Genoa; 11 NW. Genoa.
Lagnasco, X. Piedmont ; 24 S. Turin.
Lagnieu, X. France, in Ain ; 4 SW. St. Ram-
bert, 22 NE. Lyons. Pop. 2,304.
Lagny, X. France, in Seine-and-Marne, on the
Marne ; 9 WSW. Meaux, 15 ENE. Paris. Lon.
2. 46. E. Lat. 48. 63. N. Pop. 1,836. In 835,
Louis the Debonnair held a parliament in this
town. It contains 3 parish churches.
Logo, X. Italy ; 4 N. Comacchio.
Logo Liastro, gulf or bay on E. coast of Sar
dinia. Lat. 39. 50. N.
Lago Maggiore, or Lake Major, or Locarno,
(an. VerbanusJ large lake, Italy, separating the
Austrian government of Milan from the Sardi-
dinian Milanese, extending from Sesto to Lo
carno ; about 45 miles long, and 7 broad. It is
636 feet above the level of the sea, according
to Saussure ; and in some places 1,800 feet deep.
It is traversed by foe Ticino. Its waters, which
are as clear as crystal, contain various fish ; its
banks abound in every alpine beauty, and are
adorned with a number of picturesquely situat
ed villages and towns : on all sides it is sur
rounded by hills, planted with vineyards and
plantations of chesnuts, interspersed with villas.
There are several islands, two of which, Isola
Bella, and Isola Madre, called Borromaan Isl
ands, are laid out in gardens and pleasure
grounds, with palaces erected on them, adorned
with paintings, sculptures, fac. Isola del Pesca-
tore is inhabited by fishermen.
Lago Nero, or Negro, X. Naples, in Basilicata,
at the foot of the Apennines, near a lake from
which it receives its name ; 12 NE. Policastro.
Pop. 5,000. In March, 1806, a battle was
fought here between the French, and the troops
of the king of Naples,Jn which the former were
victorious. Lagoa, t. island of May, one of the Cape
Verde islands.
Lagoa, X. Portugal, in Algarva ; 5 NE. Silves.
Pop. 4,794.
Lagoa, x. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 6. 55. N.
Lagoa, bay of the Indian sea, on the coast of
Africa. Lat. 83. 10. S.
Lagoa, see Delagoa.
Lagoa d'Albafeira, lake on W. coast of Por
tugal, near the sea ; 12 SSW. Lisbon.
Lagoa de Obidos, lake on W. coast of Portu
gal, which empties itself into the sea, 4 NE.
from Cape Carvaeiro, in Estramadura.
Lagoa de Patos, bay on the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 29. 25. S.
Lagoa de Pescara, bay on the coast of Brazil.
Lat. 21. 30. S.
Lagoas, (As,) X. Africa, in Matamba, on the
river Sierra Leone. Lon. 10. 50. W. Lat. 8.
40. N.

Lagoda, X. Brazil ; 85 W. fort Rio Negro.
Lagoon Island, island in the S. Pacific ocean.
The whole is covered with trees of different
verdure. Lon. 139. 28. W. Lat. 18. 47. S.
Lagoon, (Middle,) gulf on the coast of Yuca
tan, in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 88. 59. W.
Lat. 18. 7. N.
Lagoon, (North,) gulf on the coast of Yuca
tan, on the bay of Honduras. Lon. 88. 58. W.
Lat. 18. 40. N.
Lagoon, (South,) gulf on the coast of Yuca
tan, in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 88. 59. W.
Lat. 17. 54. N.
Lagor, t. France, in Lower-Pyrenees ; 8 SE.
Orthez, 14 NW. Pau. Pop. 1,564.
Lagos, (an. LacobrigaJ s-p. Portugal, in Al
garva, in a bay of the Atlantic, to which it gives
name, not regularly fortified, but defended by
several forts ; 96 S. Lisbon. Lon. 8.38. W. Lat.
37. 6. N. Pop. 4,050. The harbour is deep, but
full of rocks. It is the residence of the viceroy
of Algarva, and contains 2 parish churches, and
4 convents. Lagos, large r. Western Africa, which forms
the boundary between the Slave coast and Be
nin, and flows into the Atlantic, Lon. 3. 30. E.
Lat. 6. 20. N. During the flourishing times of
the slave trade, great numbers of slaves were
brought down the river. European vessels do
not pass the bar at the mouth.
Lagos, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 36 NE.
Guadalaxara. This town is famous for a great
fair held here every five years.
Lagosta, see Agosta.
Lagousa, small isl. in the gulf of Engia; 3 N.
Engia. Lagow, t. Poland ; 16 N. Sandomirz.
Lagua, X. Cuba ; 80 WNW. Villa del Principe.
Laguen, one of the small Philippine islands,
nearN. coast of Samar. Lon. 125. 9. E. Lat. 12.
43. N.
Laguira, or Guayra, see Guayra.
Laguna, X. Venezuela, on W. side of lake Ma
racaybo ; 80 S. Maracaybo.
Laguna,ox St. Christobal de la LagunajX.Tene-
riffe, and capital of the island. Lon. 16. 20. W.
Lat. 28. 28. N. Pop. 9,000. It is situated on a
basaltic hill, elevated nearly 2,000 feet above
the level of the ocean, surrounded by gardens,
and covered by wood of laurel, myrtle, and ar
butus ; and enjoys a refreshing coolness. Before
the eruptions of the volcano had destroyed the
port of Garachio, Laguna was more opulent and
populous than at present. It is well supplied
with water, and contains 2 parish churches, 6
convents, and an hospital :the streets are large
and handsome : it takes its name from a lake a
little E. of the town.
Laguna, (La,) see St. Yago de la Laguna.
Laguna Escura, cape, Portugal, in Beira; 7
SW. Guarda.
Lagunilla, X. New Grenada ; 14 SW. Merida.
Lagunilla, X. S. A., Cordova; 30 E. Cordova.
Lagunillas, (Las,) X. La Paz ; 39 N. Potosi.
Lagupp, x. Pru. Lithuania, which runs into the
Pissa, 4 S. Stulluponen.
Laguyo,t. Africa, in Fantin.
Lahaar, X. Hind., in Gohud ; 40 E. Gwalior,
75 SSE. Agra. Lon. 79. 35. E. Lat. 26. 9. N.
Lahadsi, t., Arabia, Yemen ; 16 NW. Aden.

LAH

887

LAI

Lahall, X. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 10 N.
Gottenburg. Lahannali Indians, N. A., on the Columbia,
above Clark's river. No. 2,000.
Lalidack, or LeA, t. Thibet, capital of a dis
trict ; 380 N. Delhi. Lon. 78. 14. E. Lat 35. N.
Lahigian, or Lanigien, X. Persia, in Ghilan, on
the Isperud, and at one time the metropolis of
the province, situated on an eminence ; 35 NW.
Amol, 8 E. Reshd.
Laliiszin, X. Rus. Minsk ; 12 NE. Pinsk.
Lalim, X. Bavaria ; 9 W. Bayreuth.
Lahmedii, X. Egypt, on E. branch of the Nile ;
14 SSW. Damietta.
LoAn, or L6hn, t. Silesia, in Jauer, on the Bo-
ber ; 7 SSE. Lowenburg, 22 W. Jauer. Lon. 15.
44. E. Lat. 50. 58. N. Pop. 907.
Lahn or LoAn, r. Ger., which rises about 10
ENE. Seigen, passes by Laasphe, Marburg, Gi-
esen. Wetzlar, Weilburg, Vilmer, Runkel, Lim-
burg,Dcitz, Nassau, fac, and runs into the Rhine,
near Lahnstein.
Lahnburg, X. Nassau, on the right bank of the
Lahn ; 2 N. Weilbu*g. Pop. 700.
Lahnstein, or Lohnstein, t. Nassau, at. the con
flux ofthe Lahn and the Rhine ; 4 E. Coblentz,
10 W. Nassau. Pop. 1,200.
LaAo, or Lahou,.X. Africa, on the Ivory coast,
which extends a league along the coast. The
trade consists in ivory, stuffs, and provisions.
Laho, see Laos.
Laholm, or Lageholm, s-p Sweden, in Halland,
at the mouth of the Laga, near the sea, with a
good salmon fishery ; 12 SSE. Halmstadt, 30 N.
Helsingborg. Lon.l3.1.E. Lat.56.33.N.P.845.
Lahoor, X. Thibet, on the Setledge; 24 NW.
Gangotri. Lon. 76.25. E. Lat. 23 10. N.
Lahore, or Punjah, country in NW. part of
Hindoostan, bounded N. by Cashmere, E. by
the mountains of Thibet, SE. by Delhi, S. by
Agimere and Moutan, and W. by the Indus,
which separates it from Cabulistan ; about 320
miles long, and 220 broad. Sq. m. about 70,000.
Pop. estimated at about 4,000,000. The country
possesses many advantages, is watered by noble
rivers, has a very fruitful soil, producing rice,
corn, fruit, tobacco, cotton, sugar, fac; but
owing to various revolutions, and to its being
possessed by petty Seik and other chiefs, is one
of the least populous and worst cultivated parts
of India. The rivers are the Indus, Setledge,
Behut or Chulum, Chunaub, Beyay, and Bauvee.
The chief towns, Lahore and Amretsir. The
inhabitants are mostly Seiks, also Jauts and
other Hindoos, and Mahometans. This countiy
is often called Punjah, which signifies five wa
ters, or five rivers.
Lahore, city, Hind., capital of Lahore or Pun
jah, on the Rauvee ; 280 NW. Delhi, 420 E.
Candahar. Lon. 73. 48, E. Lat. 31. 50. N. Pop.
estimated at 150,000. It has been the capital of
Hindoostan and the residence of Moguls, and
though greatly reduced and decayed, is now
the capital of the Seiks. In 1609 it was visited
by Mr. Finch, who describes it as a magnificent
city, nearly 10 miles in length, surrounded by
a fortification having 12 gates. The walls and
ceilings of the palace were covered with gold
and silver ; and the royal garden called Shah al
Imaret, superior to any thing of the kind in

Europe. Of all this grandeur little now remain^
except some handsome tombs, particularly of
Jehangire, Noor Jehan, and Khuaje Ayass. The
city is daily falling to decay, and the rich in
habitants are emigrating to Amretsir ; yet it
contains manufactories of all "kinds of warlike
instruments, and is a place of considerable size,
and has a good bazar. The walls are lofty, but
are decaying.
Lahprey,X. Hind., Baglana; 20 S. Bahbelgong.
Lahorporum, X. Oude ; 25 WNW. Kairabad.
Lahoue, t. Africa, on the Ivory coast. Lon.
5.5. W. Lat 5.20. N.
LaAr, t. Ger., in Munster , 12 NW. Munster.
Lahr, or LoAr, t. Baden, capital of a district,
on the river Schutter; 18 SSE. Strasburg, 19
N. Freyburg. Lon. 7. 57. E. Lat. 48. 21; N.
Pop. 4,370. It contains a pedagogiumand is
one of foe most flourishing and considerable
manufacturing towns in Baden. The manufac
tures consist of woollens, linens, cottons, tobac
co, and leather.
Lahfa, see Lachsa.
Lajapour, X. Hind., Guzerat; 10 S. Surat.
Laja, (La,) X. Buenos Ayres, in La Paz ; 14
NW. La. Paz.
Laibeedy, X. Tunis ; 18 SE. El Jemma.
Laica, X. Abyssinia ; 100 S. Mine.
Laidalla, X. Golconda ; 10 N. Warangole.
Laida, X. Bengal ; 14 S. Curruckdeah.
' Laigni, X. France, in Mayenne ; 4 W. Cha
teau Gontier, 13 S. Laval.
Laignes,\. France, in C6te-d'Or; 9 WSW.
Chatillon sur Seine, 21 N. Semur en Auxois.
Pop. 1,559.
Lai-kiang, r. China, which runs into foe
Heng, near Heng-tcheou.
Lailakari, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 25. 9. E. Lat. 65. 14. N.
Lailly, X. France, Loiret ; 12 SW. Orleans.
Laineck, X. Bavaria ; 8 ENE. Bayreuth.
Lai-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in Ki
ang-nan ; 10 NE. Kin.
Loino, t. Naples, Calabria Citra ; 19 WNW.
Cassano. Laino, or Lao, (an. Lous,) r. Naples, which
runs into the Mediterranean, 2 SE. Scalea.
Lajoun, X. Persia, in Mazanderan, near the
coast ofthe Caspian sea ; 21 E. Keshd.
Lai-ping, t. China, ofthe third rank, in Quang-
si; 42 WNW. Siri-tcheou.
Laisby, X. Swedish Lapland, in the Lapmark
of Umea ; 100 NW. Umea.
Laischev, t. Russia, in Kazan, at the union of
the Kama and Volga ; 20 S. Kazan. Lon. 49.
14. E. Lat. 55. 20. N. Pop. 524.
Laish, see Dan, and Paneas.
Laison, x. France, which runs into foe Dive,
3 ESE. Troarn, in Calvados.
Laisse, X. Savoy ; 3 E. Chamberry.
Laisse, x. France, which passes through lake
Bourget, and runs into the Rhone, nearChanas.
Lai-tcheou, or Tai-tcheou, city, China, of the
first rank, in Chan-tong; 255 SE.Pekiig. Lon.
1 19. 46. E. Lat. 37. 9. N. It is built on a pro
montory ; bounded on one side by the sea, and
on the other by mountains.
Laithasalu, or Potz-Neusiedel, X. Hungary, on
the Laitha; 11 SSW. Presburg. Pop. 1,200.
Lai-vou, X. China of the third rank, in Chan-
tong ; 27 E. Tai-ngan.

LAM

888

LAM

Lai-yang, t. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang, on the river Lai-kiang ; 27 SSE. Heng-
tcheou. Lai-yang, t China, of the third rank, in
Chan-tong ; 42 SW. Ngin-hai.
Loiae,t France, Saone-and-Loire;6N.M&con.
Laize, x. France, in Calvados, which runs
into the Orne, 2 SW. St. Martin de Fontenay.
Lak, X. Hungary ; 18 ESE. Canischa.
Lake, X. Logan go. Ohio. Pop. 470.
Lake, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 588.
Lake, X. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 311.
Lake River, x. America, which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 95. W. Lat 46. 30. N.
Lake River, (Little,) r. which runs into the
Mississippi, Lon. 94. 23. W. Lat 45. 36. N.
Lake of the Woods, or Du Bois, lake, N. A.,
70 miles long, and 40 wide. Large quantities
of oak, fir, pine, spruce, fac. grow on its ba"nks ;
hence its name. It contains a few small islands.
Lon. 95. 20. W. Lat. 54. 36, N.
Lake, (Circle ofthe,) in German, Seekries, one
of the 10 circles of Baden, on the north side of
the lake of Constance, between Wurtemberg and
Switzerland. P. 89,604. Chief town, Constance.
Laken, X. Prussia ; 8 E. Mulhausen.
Laken, v. Neth., in S. Brabant, near Brussels.
Fop. 1,168. Here is a splendid palace of the
king of the Netherlands.
Laktea, s-p. East Bothnia, at the mouth of a
river near the gulf of Bothnia.^ Lat. 64. 25. N.
Lalada, X. Golconda ; 15 WNW. Culloor.
Lalamserai, X. Hind. ; 28 W. Benares.
Laland, see Laaland.
Lalang, isl. near N. coast of Sumatra, in the
straits of Malacca. Lon. 99. 20. E. Lat. 1. 45. N.
Lalbenc, X. France, Isere ; 7 NNE. St. Mar-
celin. Pop. 1,060.
Lalcolta, t. Golconda ; 17 NE. Rachore.
Late, t. Samogitia ; 12 NW. Rosienne.
Lale Croqs, or Min-rus-tick-a Pock-aha-twan,
lake, N. America. Lon. 107.50. W. Lat 55.25.N.
Loti, t. Thibet ; 90 S. Sarangpour.
Lalibaba, X. Abyssinia ; 140 SSE. Gondar.
Lalibala, t Abyssinia ; 90 SSE. Gondar.
Lalim, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 8 N. Viseu.
Lallary Point, cape, on SW. coast of the isL
and of Banca. Lon. 106. 2. E. Lat. 2. 48. N.
Lotm, t. Silesia, in Jauer; 16 S. Buntzlau.
Laloda, ton W. coast of the islapd of Gilolo.
Lon. 127. 22. E. Lat. 1. 48. N.
Lotoo, t. Hind., in Bengal ; 20 E. Silhet.
Lalpet, t Hind., in the Carnatic ; 74 N. Arcot.
Lalsk, X. Russia, in Vologda, on the river
Luza ; 40 E. Ustiug. Lon. 47. 14. E. Lat. 60.
60. N. Pop. 1,200.
Lalsond, X. Hind., in Agimere; 10 N. Ran-
tampour, 80 SE. Jyepour. Lon. 76. 53. E. Lat.
26. 44. N.
Lalviton, X. on W. coast of the island of Sa-
mar. Lon- 124. 52. E. Lat. 11. 35. N.
Lama, t on W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119.
15. E. Lat. 1.48. S.
Lama, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 12 E.
Sulmona. Lama, now Lamego.
Lamalmon, mt. Abyssinia, situated on the car
avan road from Massuah to Gondar, and esti
mated at 11,200 feet in elevation above the sea.
The ascent is very difficult, being in many

places, nearly perpendicular, and Only to be
mounted by a narrow path on the edge of pre
cipices. At the most difficult, pass a duty is
levied on all travellers. At the top is an exten
sive plain, finely watered, and abounding with
corn and pasture. A number of villages on this
mountain are inhabited by the ancient inhabi
tants who preserve the religion and customs of
their ancestors, and speak a language peculiar
to themselves, called Falasha.
Lamalmon, X. Abyssiania ; 50 S. Sire.
Lamantea, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 12
SW. Cosenza.
Lamar, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 858.
Lamas, X. Portugal, Tras-os-Montes ; 13 NE.
Mirandela, 18 SW. Braganca.
Lamas, X. Spain, Galicia ; 15 ESE. Lugo.
Lamas, t. Peru, Truxillo ; 180 ENE. Truxillo.
Lamb Head, cape, on SE. coast of the island
of Stronsa, one of tbeOrkneys. Lon. 2. 25. W.
Lat. 58. 57. N.
Lamb Island, small isl. Scot., in the mouth of
the Forth ; 1 NNW. North Berwick.
Lamba, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
between Shetland and Yell. Lon. 1.39. W. Lat.
60. 45. N.
Lambach, X. Austria ; 4 NE". Schwannastatt.
Pop. 3,009.
Lumbmsa, see Lambese, and Tezzoule.
Lamballe, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in North Coasts ; 2| posts E. St. Brieuc,
60£ W. Paris. Lat. 48. 3. N. Pop. 3,803.
Lambale, X. Africa, in the countiy of the Fou-
lis, on the Senegal ; 75 SE. Goumel.
Lamban, t. Guriel, on the Black sea ; 50 SW.
Cotatis. Lambaness, cape, on NE. coast of the island
of Unst. Lon. 1. 4. E. Lat. 61. 10. N.
Lambanluoto, small isl. on E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 21. 15. E. Lat. 61. 39. N.
Lambay, small isl. in the Irish sea, near W.
coast of Ireland. Lon. 6.W. Lat. 53. 30. N.
Lambaya, or Lanibai, t. Africa, where the
king of Baol resides.
Lambayeque, X. Peru, capital of Sana, in the
bishopric of Truxillo ; 95 WNW. Truxillo. Lon.
79. 56. W. Lat. 6. 40. S. Pop. 12,024. It con
tains about 1,500 houses, built some of brick,
some of cane and plaister, others entirely of
cane. Some of the inhabitants are opulent ;
but the generality are poor Spaniards, Mulat-
toes, Mestizos, and Indians. The parish church
is built of stone, large, and beautiful, and the
ornaments splendid. It has 4 chapels, called
Ramos. It is foe residence., of a corregidor;
having under his jurisdiction many other towns.
One of the two officers ofthe revenue appoint
ed for Truxillo resides here. A river, called
Lambayeque, washes this place.
Lamberherst, v. Eng., in Kept, formerly cele
brated for its iron forges and furnaces ; the rails
round St. Paul's church-yard were cast at this
place ; 10 SE. Tunbridge, 41 SE. London.
Lambert, X. Canada, on the river St. Law
rence. Lon. 73. 14. W. Lat. 45. 34. N.
Lambert Bay, bay, on NE. coast of the island
of St. Christopher ; 2 SW. Muddy point.
Lambert's Point, cape of Barbadoes, on WSW.
coast ; 2 WSW. High point.
Lamberton, v. Burlington co. N. J., on Ej

LAM

889

laM

bank of the Delaware, 1 mile below Trenton.
Sloops come up to this place and unload, and
the goods are conveyed to Trenton, fac, by
land carriage.
Lambesc,x. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone ;
12 NW. Aix, 15 S. Apt. Pop. 3,637.
Lambese, (an. Lambasa,) X. Algiers, where
there are magnificent ruins of an amphitheatre,
a temple of Esoulapius, fac; 45 S. Constantia.
Lambeth, v. Eng., in Surry, on foe borders
of the river Thames, opposite to Westminster.
Pop. 41,644. . Here is a palace belonging to
foe archbishop of Canterbury ; a very large
pile of building, and containing a library of
25,000 volumes, and upwards of 1,200 MSS.
Lambezellec,X. France, Finisterre. Pop. 6^092.
Lambourn, X. Eng., iu Berks, on a small river,
on the borders of Wiltshire, with a weekly mar
ket on Friday ; 6 SSW. Wantage, 66 W. Lon
don.- Lon. 1. 27. W. Lat.51. 30. N. Pop. 1,310.
Lambourn, x. England, in Berks, which runs
into the Kennet, 1 mile below Newbury.
Lambra,X. Livadia ; 14 SSE. Athens.
Lambres, t.France, Straits-of-Calais ; 1 S. Aire.
Lambro, x. Italy, which rises about 7 NE.
Como, and runs into the Po, 5 above Piacenza.
Lambsdorff,X. Silesia, Neisse ; 9 NE. Neisse.
Lamb's Head, cape of Ireland, on SW. coast
of Kerry, at the mouth of the Kenmare river ;
6 N. Cod's head, 34 SSW. Killarney. Lon. 10.
1. W. Lat. 61. 42. N.
Lambsheim, X. Bav., circle of foe Rhine ; 8 W.
Manheim, 11 S. Worms. Pop. 1,346.
Lamcae, t. Pegu, on an island in the Ava ; 56
NE. Persaim.
Lame, r. Westphalia, which runs into foe
Innersee, 7 SE. Hildesheim.
Lamegot, t' Portugal, Beira; 9 NW. Pinhel.
Lamego, (an. Lama,) city, Portugal, in Beira,
in a plain near the. Duero, surrounded with
mountains ; 36 E. Oporto, 72 NNE. Coimbra.
Lon. 7.27. W. Lat. 41.7. N. Pop. 6,592. Bp.
see. It contains 2 cathedral churches, a hos
pital, 4 convents, a theological seminary, and
a library. In this town the states assembled to
confirm the election of Alphonso Henriques,
first king of Portugal ; and enacted the funda
mental laws, now forgotten. The country about
it produces excellent wine.
Lamelan, isl. in the Baltic, near SE. coast of
the island of Aland ; 8 miles long, and 4 wide.
Lon. 37. 45. E. Lat. 60. 5. N.
Lamentin, (LeJ X. Martinico, on W. coast.
Lon. 60. 57. W. Lat: 14. 36. N.
Lamentum, (an. Nomentum,) X. Italy ; 10 NE.
Rome. Lamentung, t. Thibet ; 25 E. Jhansi Jeung.
Lamesley,X. Eng., Durham; ION. Durham.
Pop. 1,705.
Lumetounah, X. Africa, in Sahara; about 7
days' journey S. Tripoli.
Lamgarben, X. Prussia ; 6 NNW. Rastenburg.
Lamiaries, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 6 SSE. La
mego. Lamida, now Medea.
Lamisa, X. Georgia, Carduel ; 60 W. Teflis.
Lamitz, or JSTircA Lamitz, X. Bav. ; 9 S. Hof,
18 NNE. Bayreuth.
Lamitz, (Martin,) X. Bavaria ; 4 NNE. Kirch
Lamitz. Vol. I. 112

Lamjungh, country, Asia, dependent on Thi
bet, N. of Gorkah.
Lamlash, or Holy Island, isl. situated before
the bay of Lamlash, about two miles long, and
half a mile wide : foe whole is a vast mountain,
in great part covered with heath. Lon. 4. 58. W.
Lat. 55. 34. N.
Lamlash, X. Scot, on E. coast of the island
of Arran, situated in a bay, to which it gives
name, and which, Mr. Pennant says, forms the
safest harbour in the universe, with depth of
water for the largest ships. Lon. 5. 59. W. Lat.
55. 35. N.
Lamkn, see Melli.
Lammermuir, mountainous district of Scot
land, which forms the N. part of the county of
Berwick, against Haddingtonshire, about 16 m.
long, and 6 broad.
Lammershagen, X. Holstein ; 6 SW. Lutken-
borg. Lamnick, lake, Silesia, Oels ; 4 E. Trachen-
berg. Lamnickh, X. Stiria ; 10 N. Cilley.
Lamo, s-p. Africa, on a small island, formed
by a river on the coast of Zarrgttebar, depen
dent on the Portuguese. Lon. 41. 27. E. Lat.
1. 55. S.
Lamoil, or La Moille, x. Vt., which1 rises in
Glover, and runs W. into lake Champlain, N. of
Colchester. Lat. 44. 37. N. Length 70 miles!
Lamone, see Amone.
Lamorran Creek, creek in the English chan
nel, on the coast of Cornwall, at the mouth of
a small river which joins the Fate ; 3 S. Truro.
Lamotta, X. Venetian province of Treviso, on
the Lisenza. Pop. 1,800.
Lampa, t. Chili, on a lake ; 20 N. Valparaiso.
Lampa, X. in Peru, capital of a jurisdic
tion of the same name, in the bishopric of
Cusco, S. of Cusco; 86 N. Arequipa, 90 S.
Cusco#*Lon. 81. 44. W. Lat. 14. 55. S. The
soil is ;very unequal ; some parts very fertile,
others unproductive. The silver mines are abun
dant. Lampacan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, a
little S. of Junkseilon.
Lampaske, t. Prussia ; 20 SSE. Konigsberg.
Lampe, X. Finland ; 28 E. Gamla Karleby.
Lampedosa, island in the Mediterranean, not
inhabited, but pleasant and fertile. It is about
12 miles in circ, with a good port, well supplied
with fresh water, and an excellent fishery on
the coast; 63 W. Malta. Lon. 12. 34. E. Lat.
35. 30. N.
Lampeter, X. Lancaster co. Pa., on the Cones
tago. Pop. 3,278.
Lampi, district or country of Guinea, govern
ed by a king, subject to Aquambo.
Lampiclieleon, t. Hind., in Adoni; 10 E. Con-
danore. Lampis, X. Finland ; 25 E. Tavasthus.
Lampo, X. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 120.
4 E. Lat. 3. 55. S.
Lampon, X. on S. coast of Sumatra, in a bay of
the straits of Sunda. Lon. 105. 15. E Lat 5. 40.
S It is the capital of a district which belongs to
foe king of Bantam. The Dutch have a resident
^Lampon Bay, bay on E. coast of the island of
Luson. Lon. 122. 14. E. Lat. 14. 46. N.

LAN

890

LAN

Lampsaki, (an. LdmpsachusJ X. Natolia, on the
Dardanelles, celebrated for its wine ; 40 W. Ar-
faki. Lon. 26. 37. E. Lat. 40. 21. N.
Lamprey, r. N. H., which rises in Northwood,
and runs into Great bay, S. of Durham. .
Eamspringe, X. Han., in Hildesheim, at the
source of a small river, called Lame, which soon
after runs into the Innersee, 14 S. Hildesheim
Pop. 1,154.
Lamum, now Marina.
Lamuzo, (an. Lamus,h LambtisJ x. A. Turkey,
which runs into the Mediterranean, 30 W. Tarsus.
Lamuzo, X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia, on a river
ofthe same name ; 24 W. Tarsus.
Lon, t. Prussia ; 14 NNE. Soldau.
Lon, city, China, of foe second rank, in Pe-
tche-li, on the river Lan ; 113 E. Peking. Lon.
118. 24. E. Lat 39. 48. N.
Lon, city, China, of the second rank, in Chen-
si, on the Hoang ; 655 WSW. Peking. Lon.
103. 29. E. Lat. 36. 6. N. This town is not
Very large, though foe capital of the W. part
of the province, and the residence of the gov
ernor. The chief trade is in hides, brought from
Tartary, woollen stuffs, and coarse stuffs made
of cow's hair.
Lan, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-si ;
25 S. Kolan.
Lan, x. China, in Pe-tche-li, which runs into
the gulf of Leao-tong,Lon. 1 18.36.E. Lat.39.1 8.N .
Lanagla, X. isl. of Forteventura, on E. coast.
Lanark, see Lanerk.
Lanawan, one of the smaller Sooloo islands,
in E. Indian sea. Lon. 122. 3, E. Lat. 6. 15. N.
Lancahui, ox Pulo Landa,, see Lancavy.
Lancashire, or county of Lancaster, co. Eng.,
bounded N. by Cumberland, WestmoreIand,"fa
Yorkshire, E.by Yorkshire. S. by Cheshire, and
W, by the Irish sea ; 74 miles long, and from 15
to 44 wide. Sq. m. 1,800. Chief towns, Lan
caster, the county town, Liverpool, Mafighester,
Bolton, Rochdale, Preston, Ganstang, Wigan,
Berry, Warrington, and Newton. Pop. In 1700,
166,200; in 1750, 297,400; in 1801, 695,100;
in 1811, 828,309. H. 144,283. Families en
gaged in agriculture, 23,305; ia manufactures,
1 14,522 ; otherwise, 24,072. It is well supplied
with water privileges and coal, and is the seat
of the most extensive manufactures in England.
It consists of an extensive, low, and level tract,
along the sea coast, backed by a range of moun
tainous country on the east. The climate is
temperate, but the air is humid ; the soil vari
ous, on the high grounds generally moorish,
rocky, and barren, but in many parts, particu
larly along the rivers and in the valleys, fertile.
Lancaster, p-t. fa cap. Coos. co. N. H., on the
Connecticut, opposite to Guildhall, with which
it is connected by a bridge ; 46 NNE. Haver
hill, 120 N. Concord, W. 551. Lat. 44. 29. N.
Pop. 844. The village is situated on Israel's
river, about a mile from the Connecticut, and
contains a court house, a jail, an academy, and
a meeting house.
Lancaster, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 15 NNE.
Worcester, 35 W. Boston, W. 447. Pop. in 1810,
1,694; in 1820, 1,862. It is watered by the
Nashua, and is a very pleasant and excellent
agricultural town, and contains a large cotton
manufactory, and a respectable grammar school.

Here is an extensive quarry of excellent slate*
Lancaster, p-v. in Romulus, Seneca co., N. Y.
on Seneca lake ; W. 370.
Lancaster, lately called New Berlin, p-t. Che
nango co. N. Y., on the Unadilla; 90 W. Alba
ny. Pop. 2,366.
Lancaster, co. Pa., E. of the Susquehanna,
bounded N. by Dauphin co., NE. by Berks co.,
SE. by Chester co., S. by Maryland, and SW.
by the Susquehanna, which divides it from York
co. Pop. in 1810, 53,927 ; in 1820, 68,336.
Lancaster, city fa cap. Lancaster co. Pa.; 1^
W. of Conestoga Creek, which falls into the
Susquehanna, 9 SSW. of foe city, 36 ESE. Har
risburg, 62 W. Philadelphia, W. 108. Lon. 76.
10 W. Lat. 40. 3. N. Pop. in 1810, 5,405 ; in
1820, 6,663. It is a pleasant, healthy, fa flour
ishing city, finely situated in a delightful, fertile,
and highly cultivated country, and contains a
court house, a jail, a market house, a poor
house, a hospital, a register's office, a college, 2
banks, and 9 houses of public worship, 1 for
German Lutherans, 1 for German Calvinists, 1
for English Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians,
1 for Roman Catholics, 1. for Moravians, 1 for
Friends, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Africans.
The eourt house; the Lutheran church, and
many of the private houses are spacious and
elegant. The houses are chiefly built of brick
and stone. The town has an extensive trade
with the surrounding countiy, and considerable
manufactures in hats, rifles, hand screws, nails,
fac. About a mile from the city, there is a very
large cotton manufactory. The inhabitants are
mostly of German descent, and the German
language is spoken by many of them, but the
English predominates, and most parents are now
in the practice of giving their children an Eng
lish education. There are 6 newspapers pub
lished here, 3 in English, and 3 in German.
Franklin college was founded here in 1787. It
has a large brick building, and some funds. But
the seminary is not at present in operation, and
the building is appropriated to schools.
Lancaster, CO., E. part of Va., bounded NE.
by Northumberland co., E. by Chesapeake bay,
S. fa SW. by the Rappahannock, and W. by
Richmond CO.; W. 168. Pop. in 1810, 5,592;
slaves, 3,112. Pop. in 1820,5,517. Chief town,
Kilmarnock. Lancaster, district, in N. part of S. C. Pop. in
1810, 6,318 ; slaves, 1,646. Pop. in 1820, 8,716.
The court house and p-v. are on foe Wateree ;
75 NNE. Columbia, W. 476.
Lancaster, p-t. fa cap. Fairfield Co. Ohio, on
the Hockhocking ; 28 SE. Columbus, 36 SW.
Zanesville, W. 381. It is pleasantly situated,
and contains a court bouse, a jail, a market
house, a bank, a Methodist meeting house, two
printing offices, from each of which is issued a
weekly newspaper, One in German and the
other in English, and betweeen 100fa200houses.
Lancaster, p-t. fa cap. Garrard co.Ken.; 32 S.
Lexington, 40 SE. Frankfort, 178 ENE. Nash
ville, W. 594. Pop. 260. It contains the county
buildings and a bank.
' Lancaster, p-t. Smith co. Ten. ; 38 Murfrees-
borough, W. 673.
Lancaster, t. Upper Canada, on N. side of lake
St. Francis.

LAN

891

LAN

Lancaster, (an. LongovicusJ t. Eng., capital Of
the county to which it gives name ; 66 S. Car
lisle, 235 NNW. London. Lon. 2.48. W." Lat.
54. 3. N. Pop. 9,247. It is pleasantly situated,
and generally well built. The castle, a mag
nificent structure, is now occupied as the courity
jail, and is one of the most complete establish
ments of the kind in England, said to be capa
ble of holding 5,000 men. It is situated on foe
river Loyne, or Lune, which forms a harbour
for vessels of moderate size ; the town carries
on a considerable foreign trade, and many ships
are constructed in the docks. By means of
navigable canals, Lancasterhas a communication
with the rivers Mersey, Dee,Ribble, Ouse, Trent,
Severn, Derwent, Thames, Avon, Humber, fac.
The principal exports are hard-ware, woollen
goods, cabinet work, candles, fac. Sail cloth is
the chief manufacture of the town. Markets on
Wednesday and Saturday. In 1810, foe regis
tered shipping amounted to 19,094 tons. The
trade is chiefly with America and the West
Indies. Lancat, r. on NE. coast of Sumatra, which
runs into foe E. Indian sea, Lon. 98. 2. E. Lat.
4. 5. N.
Lancavy, or Lancahuy, or Pulo Lada, isl. in
the E. Indian sea,' near foe coast of Queda ;
about 16 miles long, and from 3 to 8 broad.
Lon. 99.40. E. Lat 6. 19. N.
Lancayan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
N. coast of' Borneo. Lon, 118 9. E. Lat. 6.
26; N. ' '
Lance Islands, islands on W. coast of N. Amer-
icaj at the entrance of Pintard's sound. Lat. 50.
56. N.
Lance&eorers, (Island of) or Isle des Landers,
small isl. in foe S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 138. 10.
W. Lat 18. 28. S.
Lance's Bay, bay on NW. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 78. 14. W. Lat 18. 27. N.
Lancerotta, one of the Canary islands, about
30 miles in length, and 8 in breadth, Where
widest. It abounds in grain, fruits, horned cat
tle, hares, camels, and asses. Pop. about 10,000.
— Cayas, called also Rubicon,' and Lancerotta,
the principal town; contains about 200 houses.
It has several havens and roads; but. there, is
one at NE. end-, where ships may come in from
foe N. and lie land-locked from allwirids in 10,
15, and 20 fathoms. The E. point of the island
is in Lon. 13. 26. W. Lat. 29. 8. N.
Lan-chan, t. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 25 SSE. Koue-yang. '
Louche, X. Pomerania; 11 SE. Bergen.
Lanciano, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 84 N.
Naples, 85ENE. Rome. Lon. 14. 20. E. Lat. 42.
12. Ni P. 9,900. It is foe see of an archbishop.
It has 2 great yearly fairs.
Lanchester, (an. GlanoventaJ X. Eng., in Dur
ham ; 7 NW. Durham.
1 Lancia, see Civdad-Rodrigo; fa Pegnd' da
Francia. '-'- ' '
Loneiego, t Spain, Alava; 18 SSE. Vittoria.
' Lanckaw, X. Prussia ; 10 ENE, Thorn,11 .
Lancke, t. Prussia, in Pomerelia", on'tbe bor
ders of Pomerania; 32 NNW I Friedeland':
Lanckowitz, X. Stiria ; 7 WNW. Voitzberg. -
1 La'*pon,iake, Thibet, about 30 miles long,
and 9 wide. Lon. 84. 32. E. Lat.32. 36. N.

Lancpou, mt. Thibet. Lon 84. 34. E. Lat,
32. 55, N.
Lanctan, mt. Thibet. Lon. 85. 54. E. Lat 31.
52. N.
Landa, km. ofthe island of Borneo.
Landojf, p-t. Grafton co. N. H.; 15 NE. Ha
verhill, W. 535. Pop. 769.
Londaff, see Lldndaff.
Landau, X. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, on
the river Queich, which runs into the Rhine ;
13 posts N. Strasburg, 64J E. Paris. Lon. 8. 10.
E. Lat. 49. 13. N. Pop. 4,240. H. 550. It con
tains a lyceum, 2 monasteries, 4 churches, and
was formerly imperial. As it is almost com
manded on every side by eminences which sur
round it, M. Vauban exerted all his skill in ren
dering it strong. It is an important fortress, be
longing to the Germanic confederation, and
garrisoned by their troops.
Landau, X. Waldeck ; 12 N. Wadleck, 34 SSE.
Paderborn. Loii. 9. 5.' E. Lat 51. 12. N.
Landau, X. Bavaria, on the Iser ; 8 E. Dingel-
fingen, 32 W. Passau. Lon. 12. 37. E. Lat. 48.
36. N. Pop. 1,250.
Landaul, X. France, Morbihan ; 6N W. Plumet,
Lande, (La J X. France, in Channel ; 9 N.
Avranches. Lande, X. Norway ; 36 N. Christiania.
Landeck, X. Poland ; 48 N. Gnesna. Pop. 389.
Landeck, or Landeg, X. Tyrol, on the Inn ; 20
N. Glurentz, 39 WSW. Inspruck.
Landeck, X. Prussia, Dantzic ; 64 SW. Dant
zic. Pop. 679.
Landeck, X. Pru. Silesia, in Reichenbach, on
the Biela ; 8 SE. Glatz, 27 SW. Neisse. Lon. 16.
40. E. Lat. 50. 15. N. Pop. 1,108.
Landegode, small isl. in foe North sea, near
the coast of Norway. Lat. 67. 25. N.
Landehen, X. France, in North Coasts ; 2 S-
Lamballe, 5 NNE. Moncontour.
Landelle, X. France, in Calvados ; 5 NW.
Vire, 28 SW. Caen. Pop. 1,424.
Landen, X. Neth., Liege, on the river Becke ;
16 SE. Louvain, 17 WSW. Liege. Pop. 785.
A bloody batttle was fought here on the 29lh
of July 1693, between the allies and French.
The French lost about 24,000 in killed and
wounded, and the allies 7,000.
Landendorff, X. Austria ; 9 S. Laab.
Landemeau, t. France, principal place of a'
district, Finisterre ; 2i posts NE. Brest, 67£ W.
Paris. Lon. 4. 10. W. Lat.48.27.N. Pop. 3,577.
Landeron, X. Switz., in Neufchatel, at the
SW. extremity of the lake of Bienne ; 7 NE.
Neufchatel, 9 SW. Bienne,
Landes, dep. France, bounded N.by Gironde,
E. by Lot-and-Garonne, and Gers, S. by Lower
Pyrenees, and W. by the sea; about. 60, miles
from N. to S., and nearly as much frorn E. to
W. It is a part of what was heretofore called
Landes. It is in general a sandy, unfruitful
country, about thi-ee-fourfos of it covered with
heaths, but towards the SE. it contains some
good land and several towns. It is divided into
three arroridissements, Mont de Marsan, the
capital, Dax, and St. Sever. Pop. 240,846. Sq.
m. 3,787.
Laudeshut, see Landshut.
Landevan, t. France, in Morbihan ; 8 NW.
Auray. ¦

LAN

892

LAN

Landeville, X. France, Vendee ^ 8 N. Sables
d'Olorine, 15 W. la Roche sur Yon.
Land Graben, r. Silesia, which runs into the
Weistritz, a little above its junction with the
Oder. Landgrave, t. Bennington co. Vt. ; 43 NE.
Bennington. Pop. 341.
Landguard Fort, fort, England, on a point of
land, at SE. extremity of Suffolk, at the mouth
of the rivers of Orwell and Stour, opposite to
Harwich ; and furnished with a garrison, under
the command of a governor, and a platform of
guns to defend the coast.
Landisburg, p-t. Cumberland co. Pa. ; W. 113.
Landivisiau, X. France, in Finisterre ; 7 NE.
Landerneau, 10 WSW. Morlaix. Pop. 2,124.
Landin, X. Portugal, Entre-Duero-e-Minho ; 6
W. Guimaraens, 12 E. Villa de Conde.
Landivy, t. France, Mayenne ; 11 N. Ernee,
18 NW. Mayenne. Pop. 1,870.
Landonneau, x. France, which runs into the
sea, near Brest.
Landrecy, X. France, in North, on foe Sam-
bre ; 3£ posts SE. Valenciennes, 23£ NNE.
Paris. Lon. 3. 45. E. Lat. 50. 7. N. Pop. 2,867.
It is one of the strongest places in the countiy.
It has only 2 gates, one towards the E. called
tAe Gate of France, and the other towards the
W. called tAe Gate of Qjaesnoy.
Landresse, t. France, Doubs ; 6 SE. Baume
les Dames, 15 NE. Ornans.
Landriano, X. Italy; 11 SSE. Milan.
Landroal, (OJ X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 12
W. Xerumenha, 13 N. Mourao. Lat. 38. 35. N.
Landrova, small r. Spain, which runs into the
Atlantic, 9 NE. Vivero, in Galicia.
Landsberg, X. Prussia, in Konigsberg; 26 S.
Konigsberg. Lat. 54. i4. N. Pop. 1,362.
Landsberg, I. Stiria; 24 SW. Gratz, 94 SSW.
Vienna. H. 80.
Landsberg, X. Han., in Hoya, on the Weser; 6
SSW.'Nienburg. Landsberg, X. and ruined castle, Germany, in
Upper Rhine; 1 E. Ober Moschel.
Landsberg, or Gorzow, X. Pru. Silesia, Oppeln ;
30 NE. Oppeln,' 37 E. Brieg.. Lon. 18. 29. E.
Lat. 51.3. N. Pop. 496.
Landsberg, X. Bavaria, on the Lech ; 18 S.
Augsburg, 32 W. Munich. Lon. 10. 53. E. Lat.
48. 3. N. Pop. 2,587. A gymnasium.
Landsberg, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg ; 14
NW. Leipzic. Lon. 12. 11. E. Lat. 51, 34. N.
Pop. 642.
Landsberg, t. Pru. Brandenburg, ;in Frankfort,
on the Warta ; 20 ENE. Custrin, 64 E, Berlin.
Lon. 15. 20. E. Lat. 52. 48. N. Pop. 7,784. It
contains 3 churches, a lyceunij-a royal maga
zine, arid several manufactures of stuff and
cloth, with a considerable trade in wool,
Landsberg, (Alt,) X. Pru. Brandenburg; 14
ENE. Berlin, 21 SE. Oranienburg. Lon. 13. 48.
E. Lat. 52. 35. N. Pop. 1,362,',
Landscron, fortress, Poland; 20 S, Cracow.
Lon. 19. 40. E. Lat 49. 50. N.
Landscrohn, t. Bohemia, in Chrudim;! 12 E,
Leutmischl,'27 E. Chrudim. Lon.. 16. 21. E.
Lat 49. 50. N. Fop. 2,674. '"
Landscron, fortress, France, in Upper Rhine;
5 SW. Bale, 8 S. Huningue.
Landscron', fortress, Carinthia ; 3 NE. Villach.
Landscron, X. Prussia ; 18 NE. Heilsperg.'

Landscrona, s-p. Sweden, on W. coast of
Skone, on an island near foe sound ; J2 S. Hel-
singborg, 21 NW. Lund; Lon. 12. 46. E. Lat.
55. 52. N. Pop. 2,299. It is a staple town, with
a good harbour.
Lanifserone, mt. Lusatia ; 2 miles from Gos-
litz ; 1,344 feet above the sea.
Landsele, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
N. coast of the Greater Andaman. Lon. 93. 7.
E. Lat. 13. 38. N.
Land's End., the W. extremity of Eng., and
the county of Cornwall, called by Ptolemy
Bolerium, and Anliouestaion, or Antivestaum ;
and by Diodorus, Belerium ; perhaps, says
Camden, from the British word Pell, which sig
nifies most remote. The British bards called
it Penrighuaed, or the promontory of Blood ;
and their historians Penwith, or promontory to
the left. By foe Saxons it was named Penwith-
steort ; and by the inhabitants, Pen von las, or
Land's End ; 10 SW. Penzance. Lon. 5. 42. W.
Lat. 50. 4. N.
Land's End, cape, Eng., on NE. coast of the
island of Sheppey ; 4 N. Sheerness.
Landser, X. France, in Upper Rhine ; 10 NW.
Bdle, 22 S. Colmar.
Landsford, p-t. Chester district, S.C. ; W.454.
Landshaag, X. Austria, on the Danube; 19
SW. Freudstadt
Landshut, or Landznit, X. Moravia, in. Brunn ;
16 SE.Auspitz. Pop. 1,474.
Landshut, X. Bavaria,, in Iser, capital of a dis
trict, on the Iser; 32 NE. Munich, 36 SE- ln-
golstadt Lon. 12. 7. E. La;t. 48. 31. >N. Fop.
7,807. H. 587. It has two; principal streets, folf
erably wide and straight ; the houses are of
brick. Breyving and distilling are carried on to
a great extent ; and there, are, also. some, other
manufactures. Part of the wall and ditch still
remain, and there are 6 gates. The town. con
tains a hospital, a palace called, the Neue Ban,
a gymnasium, a divinity school-, and 10 chh.
St.. Martinis church has one of tlie highest spires
in Germany, befog 456 feet in, perpendicular
elevation. In 1800, the university of Ingolstadt
was removed to Landshut, and having been re
organised and richly endowed, was named the
universityof Lewis Maximilian;, and a spacious
Dominican convent was appropriated to its use.
It has a library, a botanic garden, 34 ordinary
professors, and; 4, extraordinary. The number
of students, in 18.17, was 640. — On a steep ridge,
south of the town stands the venerable castle
of Trausnitz, used in the middle ages as a for
tress, but now only as an, observatory. .
Landslmt, X. Aust. Galicia; 72 W. Lemberg.
Landshut, X. Pru. Silesia, in Liegnitz, on the
Bober ; 8 SSW- Jauer, 18 WSW. Schweidnitz,
Pop. 2,990. H. 489. Churches 3. It has consid
erable linen manufactures,
Landsorl, small isl. in the Baltic, near, fop,
co,ast of .Sweden, Lorr,.17,'IQ.E. Lat.58.52.N.
Landsperg, see Landsberg.
Landstrass; or LandstroMtiOX Kpstainaviz^a; X.
Carniola, onanist in foe, river. Gurck, with a
cathedral,; ,18 S. Cilley, 57, E,, Trieste.
Lanistujil, t Bav,,, Circle of the Rhine, di.sr
trict qf.Deux/Ponts. Pop. 705.
L/mdun, t France^ in G&rd,,;,.7:S,. Font St.
Esprit, 21 NNE'..Nis.me.s„ '.'¦ i, ' '.

LAN

893

LAN

Landveller, t. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 9
E. Gottenburg.
Landwernliagen, v. Ger., in Hesse, near which,
in 1758, the allies were defeated by the French,
with the loss of 1,500 men ; 6 NE. Cassel.
Lone, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
America, a little E. Scuttock point Lon. 67.
56. W. Lat. 44. 18. N.
Lone, r. Ireland, county of Kerry, which runs
from Lough Lane, into Castlemain bay.
Lanebourg, X. Savoy y 20 NNW. Susa. Pop.
657. It stands on the Arve, at the foot of int.
Cenis, and is so enclosed by hills that the sun
is hardly visible from Nov. to Jan.
Lane-End, X. Eng., in Staffordshire, celebrat
ed for its potteries, with a weekly market on
Saturday ; 4 E. by S. Newcastle under Line,
151 NW. London. Pop. 4,930.
Lonct, t. Africa, and capital of Galam, on S.
side ofthe Senegal.
Lancmezan, X. France, Higher Pyrenees ; 12
ENE. Bagneres en Bigorre, 15 SE. Tarhe.
Lanepax, X. France, in Gers ; 10 SSW. Con
dom, 18 NW. Auch. Pop. 1,188.
Lanercroft, v. Eng., in Cumberland ; 2 NE.
Brampton. Here is an ancient fortification call
ed Burd Oswald, anciently Amboglana.
Lanerk, or Lanark, X. Scotland, and a royal
burgh, in the county' to which it gives name,
situated on the side of a rising ground, near
the Clyde ; 24 SE. Glasgow, 32 WSW. Edin
burgh. Lon. 3. 56. W. Lat. 55. 43. N. Pop.
5,667. Near it are some celebrated falls, or
cataracts in that river, which, especially in
rainy seasons, form a tremendous appearance.
In the neighbourhood are spme of the greatest
cotton manufactures of Scotland. New Lanerk
is a well built and populous village; a mile to
foe south, and has an extensive establishment
for the manufacture of cotton yarn.
Lanerkshire, or Lanarkshire, sometimes call
ed Clydesdale, co. Scot, bounded N. by Dum
bartonshire, NE. by Selkirkshire, Linlithgow
shire, and Edinburghshire, E. by Peeblesshire,
S. by Dumfriesshire, SW. by Ayrshire, and
W. toward the N. by the Clyde ; 40 miles
long, and about 22 in its mean breadth. It
abounds with coal and limestone; has some
lead mines ; and, abundance of. lapis lazuli is
dug here. The chief towns are Glasgow, Ham
ilton, and Lanerk. Pop. 192,726. Sq, m. 870,
Lanes, X. Sweden, in Anger.mannland ; 30 N.
Hernosand. Lanesborough, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 12 N.
Lenox, 125 W. Boston, W. 378. Pop. 1,319. It
is watered by the Housatonic, is a pleasant and
excellent agricultural town,, and contains very
valuable quarries of marble, and 2 houses of
public worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1
for Episcopalians.
Lanesborough, X. Ireland, in Longford, on the
river Shannon ; 7 SW. Longford, 15: N. Athlone.
Lon.7.55.W., Lat.53.38.N. It is pleasantly situ
ated, and has a handsome church and a barrack.
Lanesville, p-v. Susquehanna co. Pa. ; W. 186..
Lanesvilk, p-v. King William co. Va. ; W. 146.
Langj narrow island, Denmark, more than. 2
miles in.length, in the Baltic, near S. coast of
Laaland. Lon. 11. 20. E. Lat. 54. 42. N.
Langa,.r.t Sweden, which rises in Jamtland,
and runs into the Ragunda, near Lif. i

Langanau, t. Austria ; 4 E. Drosendorf.v
Longanico, or Sunn, (an. Olympia,) L Mo
rea ; 32 SSE. Chiarenza, 60 SW. Corinth. It is
situated on a small river called Carbon, the an
cient Alpheus, and was once a city of great
note, near which were celebrated the Olympian
games, first instituted by Pelops, in honour of
Jupiter, and afterwards revived by Atreus, and
Hercules. They were held every fifth year, with
great solemnity, amidst an infinite number of
spectators, and lasted for five days. From these
spectacles the computation of time, in Greece,
by Olympiads, took its rise. In this city also
was a very fine temple of Jupiter Olympius,
with a celebrated image of that god, 55 ells
high, which was reckoned one of foe won
ders of the world. Near it was also a fa
mous grove, dedicated to foe same god. It is
at present an inconsiderable place.
Langarood, X. Persia, in Ghilan, near S. coast
of the Caspian sea, which gives name to a road
for ships ; 20 SE. Reshd. Lon. 50. 15. E. Lat.
27. N. Here is a cove with 10 feet water, but
foe entrance is narrow. The silk manufacture
here is much esteemed.
Langaschantz, X. Sweden, in Harjedalen ; 110
SW. Sundswall.
Langast, X. France, in North Coasts ; 16 S. St.
Brieuc. Pop. 1,223.
Langdon, X. Cheshire co. N.H. ; 7 SE. Charles
town. Fop. 654.
Langdon, r. Eng., in Durham, which runs into
the Tees, 12 miles above Barnatid Castle.
Langdon-hUls, hills, Eng., in the county of
Essex; about 3 S. Billericay.
LangedCyX. France, in Upper-Loire ; 12 S.
Brioude, 18 W. Le Puy. Pop. 1,807.
iL'angeais, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Indre-and-Loire, on the Loire ; 12
W. Tours, 21 E. Saumur. Lon. 0. l.W. Lat. 47.
18. N. Pop. 2,233.
Langebach, X. Bavaria ; 4 N. Kirch Lamitz.
Langedike, dike of North Holland, made a
fortified post by the Dutch ; 6 N. Alcmaer.
There is a village of the same name, and several
others, on the dike.
Langedorf X. Bavaria ; 7 SW. Kissingen.
Langefiord, small, isl. near the coast of Lap
land. Lat. 69. 38. N.
Langefeld, see Langenfeldi
Langeland, isl. Denmark, in south part of Che
Great Belt, between the islands of Laaland and
Funen ; about 30 miles in length, and from 3
to 5 in breadth. Lon. 10. 50. E. Lat. 55. N.
Pop. about 11,200. Sq. m. 103. This island is
fertile in every part It is now only a county,
but one ofthe best in the kingdom, and Undetf
the same governor as Funen. Rudkioping is
the chief town.
Langelgenkans, fortress, Holland, in Gronin
gen ; 9 E. Winschotten.
Langelsheim, X. Brunswick, on foe Innerste ;
6 NW. Goslar. Pop. 1,307.
Langeln-langlmm, X. Pru. Magdeburg, in Wer-
nigrode ; 4 N. Wernigrode. Pop. 1,000.
Langen, X. Han., Bentheim ; 1 W. Bentheim;
Langen, X. Hesse Darmstadt ; 6 N. Darmstadt;
Pop. 1,477.
Langenas, small isl. in N. sea, belonging to
Sleswick. Pop. 400.

LAN

894

LAN

Langenaa, X. Bav. ; 9 ESE. Kirch Lamitz.
Langenau, X. Bohemia, Konigingratz, on the
Little Elbe. Pop. 2,398.
Langenau, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz. Pop.
1,500. Langenau, X. Silesia, in Oppeln. Pop. 910.
Langenau, X. Silesia, in Liegnitz. Pop, 938.
Langenau, X. Pru. ; 8 N. Bischoswerder. The
church is celebrated for beautiful paintings.
Langenau, X. Prussia ; 25 NW. Heilsberg.
' Langenau, t. Wurt, on a small river which
runs into the Danube ; 11 NE. Ulm. Pop. 3,600.
Langenau, X. Sax. Erzgebirg ; 4 S. Freyberg.
Langenau, t. Prussia ; 4 W. Melsack.
Langenas, small isl. in North sea, belonging
to Sleswick. Pop. 400.
Langenbach, t. Ger. ; 6 NW. Schleusingen.
Langenberg, t. Ger., in Reuss ; 3 NW . Gera.
Lou. 11. 58. E. Lat. 50. 55. N.
Langenberg, t Pru. Dusseldorf; 15 NE. Dus
seldorf. Pop. 1,600.
Langenbrucken, X. Baden, with a salt spring ;
4NE. Bruchsal. Pop. 1,006.
Langenburg, X. Wurt, on the Jaxt ; 13 E.
Ohringen, 32 W. Anspach. Pop, 858.
Langendorf X. Moravia, in Olmutz. Fop.
1,716. Langenes, isl. in the North sea, near the coast
of Norway, about 24 m. in circumference. Lat.
59. 20. N.
Langenfcld, X. Lower Austria ; 4 NW. Crems.
Pop. 1,200.
Langenfeld, X. Carniola ; 4 NNW. Feldes.
Langenfeld, X. Austria ; 4 NW. Crems.
Langenfeld, or Langefeld, or Lengenfeld, X.
Saxony, in the Vogtland ; 10 SSW. Zwickau,
12 NE. Plauen.
Langenfeld, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 N.
Wolkenstein. Langenfeld, X. Bavaria ; 3 NW. Neustatt.
Langenfcld, X. Ger. ; 2 SSW. Salzungen.
Langenhagen, X. Han., in Calenburg. Pop.
1,156. Langenheim, X. Bavaria ; 5 NNE. Maynbern-
heim. Langenhessen, X. Saxony, Erzgebirg; 6 NW.
Zwickau. Langenholzhausen, X. Ger., in Lippe ; 9 NNE.
Lemgow. Langenliorsl, t. Pru. Munster ; 3 N. Metelen.
Langenkandel, X. Bav., circle of the Rhine ; 7
E. Bergzabern, 8 SSE. Landau. Pop. 2,366.
Langenlehem, X. Austria; 2 NE. Tulln.
Langenlois, X. Austria; 3 N. Crems. Pop.
2,040. Langenlungwitz, t. Sax., in Schonburg. Pop.
1,800.. -.
Langenorna, r. Saxoriy, which runs into the
WHtach, near Neustatt.
Langen-rhor, X. Austria ; 1 S. Tnlln.
Langen-salza, X. Pru. Erfurt, the chief place
in Thuringia, on foe Salza ; 8 N. Gotha, 14 W.
Erfurt. Lon. 10. 42. E. Lat. 51. 4. N. Pop.
5,374. H. 934. It has 4 churches, 4 hospitals,
a castle, a theatre, and a celebrated high school
with 6 classes. The environs of the town are
pleasant, and the manufactures are flourishing.
Langenschwalbach, X. Nassau, in Catzeneln
bogen, celebrated for its mineral waters ; 9 NW.
Mentz. Pop. 1,400.

Langen-selbold,X. Hesse Cassel, in Isenburg ;
5 ENE. Hanau, 6 SW. Budingen.
Langenstadt, X. Bav. ; 7 NW. Bayreuth.
Langensteinhuch, X. Baden, celebrated for Its
medicinal springs and baths ; 5 S. Durlacb, 6
WNW. Pforzheim. Pop. 789.
Langenthal, X. Switz., Berne ; 10 E. Soleure,
18 NE. Berne. Lon. 7. 33. E. Lat. 47. 12. N.
Pop. 1,800. It is well situated for commerce
with France and Germany ; for the conven
ience of which there are held three fairs, at
which are annually sold from 10,000 to 11,000
pieces of linen. Near it are some medicinal
springs. Langentreer, X. Pru. Dusseldorf ; 6 E. Bockum.
Langenzenn, (an. Cinna, or CennaJ t. Bav.,
on the river Zenn ; 12 W. Nuremberg, 17 NNE.
Anspach. Pop. 860.
Langer-aer, X. Holland ; 8 E. Leyden. Pop.
1,000. Langeroog, small isl. in the German sea, near
the coast of East Friesland, belonging to Han
over. It is 13 miles in circ, narrow, and con
sists almost wholly of sand Lon. 7. 24. E. Lat.
53. 42. N. Pop. 100.
Langerwisch, X. Brandenburg; 4 S. Potsdam.
Langesched, X. Pru. Arensburg ; 25 W.Brilon.
Pop. 200.
Langeschlag, X. Austria; 5 W. Zwetl.
Langesund, s-p. Norway, in Christiania ; 50
SSW. Christiania.
Langewang, X. Stiria ; 16 NE. Pruck. '
Langewiesun, X. Ger., in Schwartzburg Son
dershausen ; 8 S. Arnstadt. Pop. 1,100.
Longfield, X. Eng., in the W. riding of York
shire -, 6 W. Halifax. Pop. 1,515.
Longford Bay, bay of the isl. of Antigua, on
N. coast, a little W. Peyerson's point.
Langhes, (Les,) small country, Piedmont,
between Alba and Ceva, comprehending 58
small imperial fiefs.
Langholm, see Longholm.
Langholm, small isl. fin E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 40. E. Lat. 60. 45. N.
Langholmen, small isl. on W. side of foe gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 18. 57. E. Lat. 63. 17. N.
Langin, X. Savoy ; 6 N. Bonne.
Langines, small isl. Denmark, in the North
sea, near W. coast of South Jutland ; 2 NW.
from the island of Nordstrand.
Langione, X. Laos, of which it is by some call
ed the capital. Lat. 22. 30. N.
Langle's Bay, bay on W. coast of Saghalien.
Lon. 142. 33. E. Lat. 48. 59. N.
Langle's Peak, mt. on N. coast of the isl. of
Jesso, more than 1^209 toises above the level of
the sea. Lon. 141. 13. E. Lat. 45. 11. N.
Langley, (King's) v. Eng., in Herts ; 19 NW.
London. It was named from a royal palace, in
which Edward III. sometimes resided ; adjoin
ing is Abbots' Langley, which belonged to the
abbots of St. Alban's.— Here Nicholas Break-
spear, afterwards pope Adrian IV., was born.
Langley Island, small isl. near S. coast of
Newfoundland, about 3 S. island of Miquelou.
Lon. 56. 5. W. Lat. 46. 42. N.
Langley Point, cape on S. coast of England ;
5 NE. Beecby head. Lon. 0. 20. E. Lat. 50.
16. N.
Langnau, v. Switz,, in Soleure, an important
post ; 5 W. Soleure.

LAN

895

LAN

Langnaa, t. Wurt., on the Argen, district of
the lake of Constance. Pop. 1,369.
Longoe, small isl. Denmark, near N, coast of
the isl. of Funen. Lon. 10. 11. E. Lat.65.35.N.
Longoe, isl. in foe North sea, about 80 mites
in circumference, and 40 from the coast of
Norway, celebrated for its marble quarries. Lat
68. 16. N.
Langogne, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Lozere ; 21 NE. Mende, 33 W. Privas.
Lat. 44. 44. N. Pop. 2^295.
Langoiran, X. France, in Gironde, on the Ga
ronne ; 8 SE. Cadillac, 9 N. Bazas.
Langon, t. France, in Gironde ; 9 N. Bazas, 9
W. La Reolle. Pop. 3,208.
Langon, (LeJ X. France, in Vendee ; 6 W.
Fontenay le Comte. Pop. 1,399.
Langon, small isl. in N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 26. E. Lat. 65. 32. N.
Langonnet, X. France, in Morbihan ; 4 N. Li
Fouet, 10 W. Guemene. Pop. 3,306.
Langoran, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 18. E. Lat. 63. 32. N.
Langourla, X. France, North-Coasts; 7 WSW.
Broons, 14 NE. Loudeac.
Langport, x. Eng., in Somerset, on the river
Parrel, which is here navigable for barges ; 12
E. Taunton, 128 W. London. Lon. O. 3.W. Lat.
61. 1. N. Pop. 861. It has a weekly market on
Saturday. Langres, city, France, and principal place of
a district, in Upper-Marne; 12 posts NW. Be
sancon, 34 SE. Paris. Lon. 5. 20. E. Lat. 47.
52. N. Pop. 7,283. This town is very ancient,
and, in the time of Julius Cajsar, was the capi
tal of the Lingones. The situation is on a moun
tain, 1,368 feet above the level of the sea. Cut
lery forms the principal trade of the place. —
Native, Diderot.
Langrava, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 12 NW. Pin
hel, 18 SSE. St. Joao da Fesqueira. Here is a
medicinal spring.
Langsdorf t Hesse Darmstadt ; 3 NW. Munt-
zenberg, 5 WSW. Laubach. Pop; 700.
Langsele, X. Sweden, in Angermannland, on
ariver of the same name ; 45 NNW. Hernosand.
Lon. 16. 49. E. Lat. 63. 14. N.
Langsele, x. Sweden, which runs into the An
germannland, 2 S. Ed.
Langskar, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 21. 9. E. Lat. 63. N.
Langside, v. Scot., in Renfrew ; 6 SE.Paisley.
In 1568, a battle was fought here between queen
Mary, and the regent Murray, in which Mary
was defeated.
Langslone Harbour, capacious harbour, Eng.,
on the coast of Hampshire ; but, by a bar at
the mouth, the entrance for large ships is diffi
cult; 3 E. Portsmouth.
Langton, t. Scot, in Berwickshire ; 2 SW.
Greenlaw. Languard, x. Switz., which runs into foe
Rhine, 3 S. Mayenfeld.
Languedoc, before the revolution, a large
province of France, divided into Upper and
Lower ; bounded E. by foe Rhone, which sep
arates it from Dauphiny, the county of Venais
sin, and Provence ; S. by Roussillon, and the
Mediterranean ; W. by Gascony ; and N. by
Forez, Quercy, and Rouergue ; its extent was

about 270 miles in length, and 120 in breadth.
The land is, in general, very fertile in grain,
fruits, and wine. Toulouse was the capital of
Upper, and Montpellier foe capital of Lower
Languedoc. It is nOw divided into foe 7 fol
lowing departments :
Dep. Pop. Ch. towns.
Gard 322,144 . Nismes.
Herault 301,099 . Montpellier.
Ardebhe 290,833 . Privas.
Lozere 143,247 Mende.
Tarn 295,885 Alby.
tipper Garonne 367,651 . Toulouse.
Aude . 240,993 Carcassone.

1,961,752
The celebrated Canal of Languedoc commences
at Cette, and joins the Garonne, near Toulouse,
forming a communication between the Medi
terranean and the Atlantic. It was constructed
in the reign of Louis XIV., and is about 140 m.
in length.
Languenbruck, t. Switz., in Soleure ; 14 NE.
Soleure. Languidid, X. France, in Morbihan ; 3 NE.
Hennebon. Pop. 6,076.
Languepour, X. Hind., Bahar ; 43 SSW. Bahar.
Langur, mt. Thibet ; 40 E. Tankia.
Langur, (an. AstolphusJ r. Mingrelia, which
runs into the Black sea, about two miles from
Anarghia. Langut, X. Prussia ; 10 SE. Morungen.
Langwasser, x. Silesia, which runs into the
Queis, near Friedberg.
" Langwedel, X. Han., in Verden ; 4 N. Verden.
Pop. 625.
Langwiese, X. Bohemia, Leitmeritz ; 20 WNW.
Leitmeritz. Lanhosa, X. Portugal, Entre-Ouero-e-Minho ;
6 E. Braga.
Lan-huing, X. China, of the third rank, in Yun
nan; 11 NW. Teng-chouen.
Lanjan, or Lanjang, city, Laos. Lon. 101.38.
E. Lat. 18. 30. N. Pop. stated by some at 50,000 ;
by others very much less. It is the capital of
the kingdom, or at least of S. division, to which
it gives name, and is the usual residence of the
king ; on W. side ot the river Mecon ; and on
the land side defended by ditches and high walls.
The king's palace is said to be of vast extent,
and appears like a city, from its size, and the
number of people who inhabit it. The houses
of the grandees, and persons of condition, are
very high and elegant, well contrived and or
namented ; but those of the inferior people are
no better than huts. The priests alone have the
privilege of building their houses and convents
of brick or stone.
Lanjaron, X. Spain, Grenada ; 15 S. Grenada.
Lanigien, see Lahigian.
Lanina, t. Russia, in Irkutskoi, near the Baikal
lake ; 80 NE. Irkutsk.
Laniscat, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 8 E.
Rostrenen, 12 SW. Quintin.
Lanischk, X. Istria ; 16 SE. Capo d'lstria.
Lankayt, small isl. near W. coast of Celebes.
Lon. 119. 12. E. Lat. 4. 57. S.
Lanke, lake, Thibet, about 45 miles in circ. ;
40 N. Darmadijira.
Lankheim, X. Bav. ; 5 NNE. Maynbernheim.
Pop. 950.

LAN

896

LAP

Lan-ki, t. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 12 NW. Kin-hoa.
Lanku-ton, city, China, of the second rank, in
Yun-nan ; 1,102 SW. Peking. Lon. 100. 45. E.
Lat. 27. 25. N.
Lankwatt, X. Bavaria, on the Gross Laber; 8
SE. Kelheim, 26 E. Ingolstadt.
Lanmeur, X. France, in Finisterre; 6 NE.
Morlaix, 11 ESE. St. PoWe-Leon. Pop. 2,381.
Lannas, X. Sweden, in Angermaiinland ; 35
NW. Hernosand..
Lannilis, X. France, in Finisterre ; 8 W. Les-
neven, 10 N. Brest. Pop. 2,812.
Lannian, t France, and principal place of a
district, in North-Coasts ; 3£ posts NW. Gum-
gamp, 64\ W. Paris. Lon. 3. 22. W. Lat. 48. 44.
N. Pop. 3,132.
Lannoy, X. France, in North ; 6 ENE. Lille,8
NW.Tournay. Pop. 923.
Lanocle, X. France, in Nyevre ; 12 SE. Decize.
Lanpencken, X. Prussia ; 14 N. Strasburg.
Lans, t. France, in Isere ; 7 SW. Grenoble.
Lansargues, t. France, Herault ; 9 W. Mont
pellier. Pop. 1,030.
Lansdown,X. Upper Canada, on the St. Law
rence, NE. of Kingston.
Lansdown, extensive plain, Eng., Somerset ;
4 N. Bath. A battle was fought here between
the troops of Charles I., under the marquis of
Hertford, and the parliament forces, under sir
William Waller, in 1643. A monument was
erected on the spot.
Lanserd, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the
coast of the Caspian sea ; 10 W. Fehrabad.
Lansing, p-t Tompkins co. N. Y. on E. side
of Cayuga lake, N. of Ithaca; 182 W. Albany.
Pop. 3,631.
Lansingburgh, p-t. Rensselaer co., on E. bank
of the Hudson ; 3 N. Troy, 9 N. Albany, W, 365.
Pop. 2,035. Here is a large and handsome vil
lage, Which contains a bank, an academy, a
printing office, from which is issued a weekly
newspaper, and 4 houses of public worship, 1
for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for
Baptists, and 1 for Methodists, and has conside
rable trade. At some seasons large sloops ascend
the river to this place.
Lansmans, X. Norway ; 116 N. Bergen.
Lanla, or Lenta, X. France, in Upper Garonne ;
9 E. Toulouse, 17 WNW. Revel. Pop. 1,452.
Lantargur, X. Lamjungh ; 42 N. Gorkah. Lon.
84. 18. E. Lat. 29. 5. N.
Lantenay, t. France, COte-d'Or ; 6 W. Dijon.
Lanier, r. Wurtemberg, which rises a little S.
Freudenstatt, and runs into the Glatt, 3 N. Dorn-
stetten. Lan-rtien, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Chen-
si ; 22 ESE. Si-ngan.
Lantignano, X. Tuscany; 13 S. Pisa.
Lanto, small island in the Baltic, between the
island of Aland, and the coast of Finland. Lon.
20. 36. E. Lat. 60. 25. N.
Lantoor, or Banda, foe chief isl. among those
called Banda Islands, in the E.Indian sea. See
Banda. Lantoscu, X. Piedmont; 12 N. Nice. Pop. 1,800.
Lan-tsan, r. Asia, Which rises in N. part of the
Chinese province of Yun-nan, on the borders of
Thibet ; crosses the province from N. to S.,
where it changes its name to Kou-long ; enters

the kingdom of Laos, where it takes. the name
of Mecon ; and afterwards runs into the E. In
dian sea. See Mecon.
Lantzenddrf, X. Austria ; 5 S. Vienna.
Lantzenkirsch, X. Austria ; 2 S. Neustadt.
Lanvenegen, X. France, in Morbihan ; 3 SW.
Le Faouet, 17 N. L'Orient.
Lanvollon, X. France, in North-Coasts ; 8. SE.
Pontrieu, 11 NW. St. Brieuc. Pop. 898.
LanuviUm,.now Lavinia.
Lan-yan, t. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 22 E. Kai-fong.
Lanza, dr Lansa, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 8 N.
Pamplona. Lanzo, X. Piedmont, on the Stura; 11 NW.
Turin, 16 E. Susa. Pop. 2,107.
Lao, (an. AousJ r. Turkey, which runs NW.
into the gulf of Venice.
Loo, t.'Cuba; 25 W. Havannah.
Loo, or Leao, city, China, ofthe second rank,
in Chan-si ; 230 S. Peking. Lon. 112. 57. E.
Lat 37. 4. N.
Laodicea, now Eskihisar, Ladikieh, Joushiah,
fa Latakia.Lxo-kun-tim,X. Chinese Tartary; 50 SW. Ning-
yuen-tcheou. Laon, city, France, and capital of Aisne ; be
fore the revolution, the capital of a small country
called Laonnois ; 5J posts NW. Rheims, 16£ N;
Paris. Lon. 3. 37. E. Lat 49. 34, N. Pop. 6.,824,
It contains a cathedral, 19 churches,. 2 hospitals,
and a theatre. It has some manufactures. The
surrounding country is noted for its wine.
Laos, or Lao, country, Asia, bounded N. by
the Chinese province of Yun-nan ; E. by Ton
quin, S. by Cambodia, and W. by Siam and
Birmah. It lies on both sides of the river Me
con, or Cambodia, and is a level countiy, en
closed by ridges of mountains, covered with for
ests. From these mountains descend numerous
rivulets, into the Mecon, that crosses the whole
region from N. to S. Some writers make a dis
tinction between the southern part, which they
call Lanjan,.or Lanjung, or Lanlchan; and the
northern, which they call Loo, or LaAo. The
principal drugs found in this kingdom, are ben
jamin and lac. Honey, wax, rice, and cotton,
are abundant. Here are also several mines of
iron, lead, tin, and gold, and silver. As the king
dom of Laos enjoys a veiy wholesome air, and
abounds with the necessaries of life ; itis veiy
populous, and the inhabitants live to a very '
great age. The language of the Laos or Lan-
jans, as well as their character, and religion, are
similar to those of the Siamese. Pop. estimated '
at 3,000,000.
Lao-lim, X. China, of the third rank; in Pe-
tche-li ; 20 SSE. Lan.
Lao-ting, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quan-tong ; 1,165 SSW. Peking. Lon. 110. 34.
E. Lat. 22. 54. N.
Laour, X. Hind., in Bengal ; 40 NW. Silhet,
Lon. 91. 20. E. Lat. 25. 7. N.
Lapa, one'of the Sooloo islands. Lon. 120.
42. E. Lat. 5. 25. N.
Lapa,X. Carcassia, on the Cuban. Lon. 58. 34.
E. Lat. 44. 50. N.
Lapary, X. Hind., Allahabad ; 7 N. Joinpour.
Lapata; chain of mountains, in Africa, called
the Backbone of the World, extending from N.

LAP

897

LAR

to S. about 600 miles. Lon. 27. to 33. E. Lat.
12. 30. to 20. S.
Lapau, x. Westphalia, which runs into the
Luhe, 8 WSW. Luneburg.
Lapelct, X. Portugal, Entre-Duero-e-Minho, on
foe Minho ; 3 W. Moncao, 14 E. Valency.
Lapfiord, X. Sweden, in a bay of the gulf of
Bothnia ; 8 S. Christianstadt.
Laphao, X. on N. coast of Timor, in the E. In
dian sea, inhabited by Portuguese or descend
ants of Portuguese, at the bottom of a bay, and
containing a church, and about 60 houses.
Lapitha, ox Lapalhios, or Lapito, or Lapta, (an.
LapithusJ X. Cyprus, on a river of foe same
name ; 24 WNW. Nicosia. Lon. 32. 36. E. Lat.
35. 23. N.
Lapland, the most northern country in Eu
rope, bounded N. by the Artie ocean, E. by
the White sea, S. by Sweden, and W. by Nor
way and the Atlantic. Lat. 64. to 71. N. Length
from Gape Orlov on the White sea, to Saltersfi-
ord, on the Atlantic, about 700 miles, breadth
from N. to S. 500. Sq. m. computed at 150,000.
Pop. estimated at 60,000. It is divided into 3
parts, called Russian, Swedish, and Danish Lap
land, according to the countries to which it is,
or has been subject.
Russian Lapland, the most dreaiy of the
whole, is included in the government of Arch
angel, and called the circle of Kola. — Swedish
Lapland, or Lapland Proper, is now included
in the government of Umea, and is divided into
6 districts, orlapmarks; containing about 53,000
sq. m., and 13,000 inh. — Norwegian Lapland, or
Finnmark, now belongs to Sweden. It is the
most northerly part, containing about 27,000 sq.
m., and about 27,000 inhabitants.
The countiy is mostly rough and mountain
ous ; but in some parts there are extensive mo
rasses ; (he climate cold, and the soil generally
sterile. The principal rivers are the Tornea,
Alter, and Tana ; the lakes are numerous.; the
largest is lake Enara. The inhabitants are of
low stature, swarthy complexion, professing
Christianity, but little advanced in civilization,
subsisting chiefly on animal food, their chief
wealth consisting in herds of rein-deer; and
though their lot is full of toil and penury, are
much attached to their country.
Laponti, mt. Asia, between Cashgar fa Little
Thibet. Lappajani, X. Finland ; 38 SE. Jacobstadt.
Lappano, X. Naples, Calabria Citra; 4. N. Co
senza. Lappinen, X. E. Prussia ; 14 W. Tilsit
Lappa, small island in the Baltic, between the
coast of Finland and the isl. of Aland. Lon. 20.
48. E. Lat. 60. 20. N.
Lappo, X. Finland, in Abo ; 23 S. Abo.
Lappa, X. Finland, in Wasa ; 37 ENE. Wasa.
Lappo Jerfoi, X. E. Bothnia ; 60 SE. Wasa.
Lappojock, x. East Bothnia, which runs into
the sea, 5 miles below Ny Karleby.
Lapporen, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20. 59. E. Lat. 63. 23. N.
Lapptrask, X. Finland, in Nyland ; 21 NE.
Borgo. Lon. 26. 12. E. Lat. 60. 37. N.
Lapiaw, X. Prussia ; 10 N, Konigsberg.
Laplchout Hotun, X. Asia, in Hami ; 30 W.
Hami-Hotun. Lon. 92. 48. E. Lat. 43. N.
Vol. I. 113

Lupurdum, now Bayonne.
Lapuszna, X. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, near
a river ofthe same name ; 50 ESE. Jassy..,' '
Lapuszna, x. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Pruth, near Huf.
Laquelt, r. France, which runs into Lys, two
miles below Aire.
Laquen, lake, in Chili ; 72 miles in circum
ference. Lat 39. S.
Laquilo, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Murcia ; 3 SE. Almacaran.
Lar, x. Asia, which runs into the Behat, 10
NW. Cashmere.
Lar, ox Laar, city, Persia, capital of Laristan,
situated between mountains in a sandy soil;
120 W. Ormus, 159 SSE. Schiras. Lon. 54. 10.
E. Lat. 27. 20. N. H. 1,500. The houses are
low, and each accompanied with a garden ; it
contains some bazars, several mosques, a castle
on a rock, and a palace where the governor re
sides. The Jews reside in a quarter by them
selves, and carry on a manufacture of silk ; and
the Dutch have a factory here. In the environs
are plantations of oranges, tamarinds, and
dates ; and not far from the city, at the foot
of a mountain, is found the substance called
mummy, Lara, X. Spain, Old Castile, on the Arlanza;
13 SSE. Burgos.
Laracha, or Larache, ox Larash, s-p. Africa,
in Morocco, on the river of Luccos, near the
Atlantic ocean ; 33 S. Tangiers. Lon. 6. 2. W.
Lat. 35. 13. N. Pop. 3,000. The environs are
intersected by woods and some marshes, and
the surrounding country is fertile and beautiful,
producing corn, wax, and oil. Laracha was for
tified at the end of the 16th century. The large
vessels ofthe emperor usually winter here.
Larana, X. Tripoli ; 30 SE. Mesurada.
Laragne, t. France, in the Higher Alps ; 9
SSE. Serres, 9 NNW- Sisteron. Pop. 648.
Larbert, v. fa parish, Scot, in Stirlingshire ; 2
WNW. Falkirk. Pop. of the parish 5,000.
Larchmps, t. France, in Mayenne ; 20 W.
Mayenne. Pop. 2,000.
Lore, X. Georgia, in Carduel ; 80 S. Teflis.
Lore Point, cape on E. coast of Madagascar.
Lat. 16. 40. S.
Laredo, s-p. Spain, in Biscay, with a good
harbour, in a gulf to which it gives name ; 20
E. Santander. Lon. 3. 21. W. Lat. 43. 25. N.
Pop. 1,800.
Larek, ox Larak, or Laredsj, (an. Aradus,)
small isl. in the Persian gulf; 12 SSE. Gom
broon. Lon. 56. 38. E. Lat 26. 50. N. The soil
is bad, and the water brackish.
Laremberg, X. Austria; 7 S. Vienna.
Laren, X. Holland ; 5 SE. Naerden.
Larendeha, (an. Laranda,) X. A. Turkey, in
Caramania ; 40 SSE. Cogni.
Larg, x. Franee, which runs into foe 111, be
tween Altkirck and Mulhausen, in Upper Rhine.
Larg Fell, mt. Scot., in the county of Kircud
bright ; 13 W. New Galloway.
Larg Kirk, X. Scot, in Sutherland ; 10 NW.
Dornoch. Larg, small isl. near W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 100. 3. E. Lat. 3. 30. S.
Larga, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near the
coast of S. America. Lon. 76. 6. W. Lat. 10. 1 . N.

LAR

898

LAS

Larga, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon.
82. 25. W. Lat. 24. 36. N.
Largentiere, X. France, and seat of a tribunal,
in Ardeche ; 4 N. Joyeuse, 18 W. Privas. Lon.
4. 42. E. Lat. 44. 32. N.
Largo, parish, Scot., in Fifeshire, with 2 small
villages, on a bay of the same name, on the
Frith of Forth and foe German ocean ; 3 E.
Leven. Pop. 1,973. The bay has good anchor
age. Largo Law, hill, about 800 feet high; 1 N.
Largo. Largo Gulf, bay, on the coast of Istria, near
Pirano. Largs, s-p. Scot, in Ayrshire, in a bay of the
Clyde, with a weekly market ; 14 S. Greenock,
32 N. Ayr. Pop. of the parish 1,801 ; of the vil
lage 500. This place is remarkable for a bloody
battle fought, here in 1263, between the Scots
under Alexander II. and the Norwegians under
Haco or Haquin, in which the latter were de
feated with the loss of 1,600 men.
Lari, t. Tuscany ; 10 E. Leghorn.
Laribus, see Lorous, and Lorbus.
Laricajas, pr. Buenos Ayres, about 240 miles
from E. to W., and 75 from N. to S. The tem
perature of the air is different in different parts,
and some of its products are foe same with
those of Carabaya, by which it is terminated to
the northward. This whole province abounds
in gold mines, whose metal is of so fine a qual
ity, that its standard is 23 carats and 3 grains.
The chief town, Zorate, contains about 12,000
inhabitants. Larice, now Guzerat.
Larik, X. A. Turkey, Sivas ; 8 NNE. Amasieh.
Larino, (an. Larinum,) t. Naples, in the Mo
lise ; 25 NE. Molise, 42 N. Benevento. Lon. 14.
50. E. Lat. 41. 47. N. Bp. see.
Laring, X. Stiria ; 4 NE. Marburg.
Lariozo, t. Cuba ; 48 E. Spirito Santo.
Larissa, X. Eu. Turkey, capital of Thessaly,
on the river Peneus ; 220 SW. Adrianople, 308
WSW. Constantinople. Lon. 22. 48. E. Lat. 39.
45. N. Pop. 20, or 25,000. § Greeks. It is the
seat of Greek abp. who has a revenue of about
£9,000 a year, and bishoprics under him. It is
near the celebrated mountain Olympus, inhab
ited by Christians, Turks, and Jews. The Turks
have several mosques. In foe year 1669, the
Grand Signior held his court here during the
siege of Candia. The situation is pleasant, on
a rising ground, and it is a place of considerable
trade, but its interior is mean and irregular,
the streets being ill built, narrow and dirty.
The Turks call it Jenischehr, ox Genisahar, or
Gengischalvir, ox Shayshar.
. Laristan, pr. Persia, at one time an indepen
dent kingdom, under the descendants of Kos-
roes; bounded N. andE. by Kerman, S. by the
Persian gulf, arid W. by Farsistan. The air is
unwholesome, and varies often from extreme
heat to sudden cold. Water fit for use is rarely
to be found. The principal trade of the inabit-
ants is in camels. Lar is the capital.
Larius, now Como.
Larks Point, cape on the coast of Canada, in
the river St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the
Saguenay river.
Larkenting, X. Thibet; 55 ENE. Tchiatam.

Larnage, X. France, Drome ; 10 N. Valence.
Larnde, s-p. Ireland, Antrim, at the mouth
of a river of the same name, near the N. chan
nel of the Irish sea ; 8 N. Carrickfergus, 16 NE.
Antrim. Lon. 5. 43. W. Lat. 54. 51. N.
Larnic, or Larnica, (an. Citium,) s-p. on coast
of Cyprus ; 30 SW. Famagosta. Pop. stated at
from 2, to 5,000. It is the see of a Greek bishop,
and foe residence of several European consuls.
The Turks have a mosque,, and the Greeks 3
churches. In Larnic, or rather in the whole
island of Cyprus, there are people belonging to
6 European nations ; French, English, Tuscans,
Neapolitans, Venetians, and Ragusans, each
having their respective consul, except foe Tus
cans. Larnica is now a poor place, though the
roadsted is good, and its gardens are very beau
tiful. Larnluka, or Larrentuka, or Larunluka, s-p.
on S. side of Ende, one of the Molucca islands,
with a good harbour. Lon. 122. 57. E. Lat. 8.
15. S.
Laroah, X. Hind., Guzerat; 10 E.Baroach.
Laroot, r. which runs into the strait of the
Malacca. Lon. 100. 42. E. Lat. 4. 47. N.
Laros, t. Turkish Armenia, on foe coast of foe
Black sea; 18 SW. Gonieh.
Larotava, t. isle of Teneriffe.
Larow, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 10 S. Gayah.
Lanaga, X. Spain, Navarre ; 11 E. Estella.
Larrasoanna, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 12 NE.
Pamplona. Larrisoun, X. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 65 SW.
Fehrabad. Larromieu, t. France, in Gers, district of Con
dom. Pop. 1,214.
Larry Bundar, s-p. Hind., Sindy, on a branch
of the Indus, called Pitti, about 20 miles from
the sea ; 48 WSW. Tatta. Lon. 66. 42. E. Lat
24. 45. N. There is a good road for shipping,
and the river is navigable for small vessels.
The town contains about 100 houses, and is de
fended by a fort.
Lars, X. Russia, in the government of Cauca
sus ; 56 SE. Ekaterinograd.
Larsmo, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 22. 39. E. Lat. 63. 46. N.
Larta, see Aria.
Larlielo Indians, N. A. on the Lastaw, below
Wayton lake. No. 600.
Larly's Creek, r. Lycoming co. Pa., which
runs into the Susquehanna, W. of Newbury.
Larucachi, X. La Paz ; 110 N. Chucuito.
Larvigen, or Laurwig, s-p. Norway, in the
diocess of Christiania, capital of a county to
which it gives name ; 56 SSW. Christiania.
Lon. 10. 15. E. Lat. 59. 3. N. Pop. 1,897. It is
situated at the conflux of two rivers near the
sea. It is a place of considerable trade, and its
iron works are reckoned some of the most val
uable in Norway.
Laruns, X. France, in Lower Pyreness; 18 S.
Pau. Pop. 1,628.
Larzicour, t. France, Marne, on the Marne ;
9 SE. Vitry le Francois.
Lasaia, t. Naples, in Principato Citra; 21
SSW. Cangiano.
Lasberg, t. Austria ; 3 ESE. Freystatt.
Lasche, X. Bohemia, Chrudim ; 8 E. Chrudim.
Lasclien, see Lasseu.

LAS

899

LAT

Laschnitz, or Ladzidza, t. Silesia, in Oels ; 2
SE. Trachenberg.
Lascigo, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 18
W. Policastro.
Lasena, t Corsica ; 10 NE. Sarcena.
Lasgrufva, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 58 E.
Hudwickswall. Lashom Jamnas, t. Egypt, on the coast of the
Mediterranean ; 12.JSW. Damietta.
Laskestad, small place, on the island of Ste-
gen, in North sea, on W. coast of Norway.
Lat. 67. 58. N. Here are found ancient tombs,
and a sort of obelisk with a Russian inscription.
Lost, or Lasko, t. Poland, on the Niewotka ;
30 NE. Siradia. Pop. 1,950.
Lasnebourg, see Lanebourg.
Lasnon, X. France, toj Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
district of Aix. Pop. 2,497.
Lasoy, t. Thibet; 40 NNW. Tacpoy.
Laspe, see Laasphe.
Lassa, city, Asia, capital of Thibet ; 600 N.
by E. Calcutta. Lon. 91. 20. E. Lat. 29. 30. N.
Pop. in 1715, about 30,000. It is situated on a
branch ofthe Burrampooter, in a plain, not en
compassed by walls, but surrounded on all sides
by mountains. The city is of small extent but
surrounded by Tartar residences in the form of
fauxbourgs. It is celebrated chiefly as the resi
dence of the Grand Lama, the great head ofthe
Shaman religion, which is widely diffused
over a great part of Asia. Here is a temple,
foe most famous in the country, situated on a
mountain to foe east of the city, called Putala,
ox Holy Mountain. It is resorted to from all
quarters. The lama is held in nearly the same
veneration, throughout almost all the immense
regions of Thibet and Tartary, as the pope in
the most superstitious of Catholic countries; and
foe city is in consequence usually thronged
with royal and noble devotees from various
parts of Asia. It is also much resorted to for
purposes of commerce. The palaces or most
considerable houses are built of stone ; those of
individuals of the better sort, of brick baked in
the sun ; and those of the poor are of earth or
clay. The country around Lassa is dry and
barren, and almost all the necessaries and lux
uries of life are brought from a distance. .
Lassan, or Lessan, X. Pru. Pomerania, on a
lake formed by the Peene ; 38 SSE. Stralsund,
44 NW. Old Stettin. Lon. 13. 52. E. Lat 53.
58. N. Pop. 1,217.
Lassay, X. France, seat of a tribunal, in May
enne ; 9 NNE. Mayenne, 11 NW. Vilaine. Lon.
0. 24. W. Lat. 48. 27. N. Pop. 2,976.
Lassi, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 5 E.
Bauge, 17 N, Saumar. Pop. 712.
Lasselsville, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y., in
Palatine ; 48 NW. Albany, W. 486.
Lasseuve, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees; 6E.
Oleron. Pop. 2,884.
Lassem, see Assem.
Lassiali, X. on E. coast of the island of Bouro.
Lon. 127. 34. E. Lat. 3. 30. N.
Lassigny, X. France, in Oise ; 6 W. Noyon.
Lassili, (an. Lyctos,) X. Candia; 22 SE. Candia.
Lassoth, X. Silesia, in Neisse; 10 N. Neisse.
Lassour, t Hind., in Aurungabad ; 32 NW.
Aurungabad. Lasswitz, t Silesia, Neisse; 4NW. Patschkau.

Laslaw, r. N. A., which rises from the Rocky
mountains and runs into Clark's river.
Lastein, X. Prussia, Samland ; 16 SE. Ragnitz.
Lastisana, X. Italy, in Friuli ; 7 E. Concordia.
Lustres, s-p. fa cape, Spain, on N .coast of As
turia; 30 NE. Oviedo. Lat. 43. 33. N.
Lastringe, X. Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 12
N. Nykioping.
Lama, x. Bosnia, which runs into foe Misna,
near Psenitza.
Lasula, small isl. near E. coast of Lucon. Lon.
123. 57. E. Lat. 13. 27. N.
Latabi, X. Africa, belonging to Aquambo.
Latae, X. Thibet, on north side of the Ganges.
Lon. 74. 34. P. Lat. 30. 55. N.
Latacungd, X. New Grenada, in Quito, capital
of a district, of the same name ; 50 S. Quito.
Lon. 78. 16. W. Lat. 0. 58. S. Pop. 10, or 12,000.
It is large and well built ; the streets are wide
and straight, and the houses built of stone, but
of only one story, on account of frequent earth
quakes. This town was destroyed by an earth
quake, in 1698, and a great number of the in
habitants were buried in its ruins.
Latakia, (an. Laodicea,) s-p. Syria; 50 S. An
tioch. 70 SW. Aleppo. Lon, 35. 44. E. Lat. 35.
32. N. Pop. in 1810, about 10,000; since
reduced to 4,000. Greek bp. see. It is situated
at the base and on the south side of a small
peninsula, which projects half a league into the
sea. Its port, like all foe others on this coast,
is a sort of basin, environed by a mole, the en
trance of which is very narrow. It might con
tain 25 or 30 vessels, but foe Turks have suffer
ed it to be so choaked up, as scarcely to admit
four. Ships of above 400 tons cannot ride
there, and hardly a year passes, that one is not
stranded in the entrance ; notwithstanding this,
Latakia carries on a great commerce, con
sisting chiefly of tobacco, of which upwards of
twenty cargoes are annually sent to Damietta;
the returns from thence are rice, which is bar
tered in Upper Syria for oil and cottons.
Latakoo, see Leetakoo.
LataZotta, one of the Molucca islands. Lor*.
127. 5. E. Lat. 0.3. S.
Lalang, X. Thibet ; 9 S. Dsaprong.
Lototsi, mt. Thibet. Lat. 77. 14. E. Lat. 31.
35. N.
Latcha, lake, Russia, in Olonetz, about 32 m.
in length, and 8 in breadth. Lon. 38. 30. E.
Lat. 61. to 61.20. N.
Latchou, x. Thibet, which runs into the Ganges,
Lon. 77. 49. E. Lat. 30. 50. N.
Late. X. Peru, in the jurisdiction of Lima.
Latesa, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra ; 10 S.
Lanciano. Latewa, X. Bengal ; 45 NW. Ramgur.
Latf X. Egypt ; 3 S. Faoua.
Latham, v. Eng., in Lancashire ; 3 E. Orms-
kirk. Pop. 2,514. Near it is a medicinal spring,
impregnated with vitriol and steel.
Laliano, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 5 E. Oria.
Laticzow, X. Rus. Podolia ; 60 NW. Braclaw.
Latimore, X. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 856.
Latisana, X. Venetian territory, on the Tagli-
amento ; 13 WSW. Palma la Nuova. Pop
4,000. '
Latium, now Campagna di Roma.
Latoan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near

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north coast of Borneo. Lon. 117. 21. E. Lat.
-7. 16. N.
Latoa, pass across the mountains of Bengal,
in Palamow.
Latopolis, now Asna, and Varden.
Latorcza, x. Hungary, which rises near the
Carpathian mountains, and runs into the river
Teisse, near Tokay.
Latouche's Island, isl. in the N. Pacific ocean,
at the entrance of Prince William's sound ; 13
miles long, and 3 broad. Lon. 212. 39. E. Lat.
60. N.
Latour, t. Hind., in Aurungabad ; 25 W. Au
rungabad. Latowice, X. Poland ; 30 ESE. Warsaw. Pop.
1,000. Latris, now Ezel.
Latronica, I. Naples, in Basilicata ; 22 SW.
Tursi. Pop. 2,992.
- LotscA, t Tyrol ; 6 WSW. Tyrol.
Lalschach, t. Carinthia; 14 SW. Clagenfurt.
Lattai, see Bickerton's Island.
Latlyponr, X. Bengal ; 20 N. Kishenagur.
Lalzke, X. Pomerania ; 4 SSW. Belgard.
Lalzki, t. Aust. Galicia ; 80 WSW. Lemberg.
Lava, see Laub.
Lauaca, small isl. near S. coast of Sardinia.
Lon. 8. 36. E. Lat. 39. 4. N.
Lavagna, x. which rises in foe Apennines, and
runs into the sea, near Lavagna.
Lavagna, s-p. Genoa, at the mouth of a river
of the same name ; 14 WNW. Brugneto.
Laval, city, France, capital of Mayenne, on
the river Mayenne ; 9i posts E. Rennes, 34|
WSW. Paris. Lon. 0. 41. W. Lat. 48. 5. N. Pop.
15,008. H. 3,525. It is surrounded by an old
wall, and contains 5 chh., 3 hospitals, and a
monastery of the order of La Trappe, estab
lished in 1815. The linen manufacture and
bleaching are carried on here to great extent.
There are also manufactures of serge, flannel,
and cotton.
Laval Algere, X. France, in Lozere ; 9 NW.
Langogne. Lavamund, t. Carinthia, on the Drave, 24 E.
Clagenfurt, 40 W. Marburg. Lon. 14.13. E. Lat.
46. 44. N. Bp. see.
Laitamunter-abtn, mt. Carinthia; 4 N. Lava
mund. Lavange, one of the Virgin islands, in the
West-Indies ; 3 SE. island of St. Thomas.
Lavan Sands, sands on north coast of Wales,
between foe island of Anglesey and the county
of Caernarvon, E. of Beaumaris.
Lavant, x. Eng., in Sussex, which runs into
the sea, 5 miles below Chichester.
Lavant, r. Carinthia, which runs into the
Drave, at Lavamund.
Lavant See, lake, Stiria ; 9 E. Neumarck.
Lavardens, t. France, in Gers; 7 NNW. Auch,
13 SSE. Condom. Pop. 1,240.
Lavardin,X. France, Sarte ; 8 NW. Le Mans.
Lavaur, t.France, principal place of a district,
in Tarn; 18 NE. Toulouse, 19 NW. Castres.
Lon. 1.49. E. Lat. 43. 41. N. Pop. 6,237.
Laubach, see Laybach.
Laubaeh, X. Pru. Treves ; 2 N. Simmern.
Laubach, X. Hesse, in Solms Laubach ; 16
ESE. Wetzlar; 49 NE. Mentz. Lou. 8. 59. E.
Lat. 50, 32. N. Pop. 1,400.

Lauban, or Luban,X. Pru. Silesia, Liegnitz, on
the borders of Lusatia, on the river Quiess ; 13
ESE. Gorlitz, 62 N. Dresden, 72 NNE. Prague.
Lon. 14. 25. E. Lat. 51. 7. N. Pop. 4,989. It
is surrounded by a wall and some bastions,and
contains 4 churches, 2 hospitals, and a lyceum.
The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade in
cloth and linen.
Laubies, "(Les,) X. France, in Lozere ; 12 N.
Mende. Laucha, X. Pru. Saxony, in Merseburg, on the
Unstrutt ; 6 NW. Naumburg, 32 NE. Erfurt.
Lon. 11. 47. E. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop. 670.
Laubendorfi X. Bav.; 3 WNW. Langenzenn.
Lauch, x. France, which runs into foe 111, in
the department ofthe Upper Rhine.
Lauchart, x. Ger., which runs into the Danube,
1 E. Sigmaringen.
Lauchheim, X. Wurt. ; 10 W. Nordlingen, 38
W. Stuttgart. Lon. 10. 14. E. Lat. 48. 50. N.
Pop. 921.
Lauchstadt, X. Pru. Merseburg, with a medi
cinal spring ; 4 W. Merseburg, 11 E. Querfurt,
Lon. 12. 1. E. Lat. 51. 26. N. Pop. 810.
Lauckissken, t.T'ru. ; 25 ENE. Konigsberg.
Lauda, X. Baden, on the Tauber ; 25 SSE.
Heilbron, 28 SSW. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,115.
Lauda, see Laudick.
Loudamnat, X. Bengal ; 12 S. Nattore.
Laudava, X. Prussia, Culm ; 20 NE. Thorn.
Laudenbach, X. Bav. ; 20 S.Wurzburg. Pop. 815.
Laudenbach, X. Baden, on the Bergstrass ; 12
NE. Manheim. Pop. 1,212.
Lauder, X. Scot., in Berwickshire, on the Lau
der, and a royal burgh ; 24 W. Berwick, 26
SE. Edinburgh. Lon. 2. 48. W. Lat. 55. 45. N.
Pop. 1,742. Near this town is Lauder castle,
originally built as a fortress, by Edward Long-
shanks, who had overrun that part of Scotland.
Louder, ox Leader, r. Scot, which rises in N.
part of Berwickshire, and after a S. course runs
into the Tweed, near Melrose. The district
through which it passes is called Lauderdale.
Laudick, X. Poland ; 20 SE. Gnesna.
Loudun, t. France, in Gard, oil the Tave. Pop.
2,000. Lave, x. France, which runs into the Lys,
near Bethune.
Lavelanet, X. France, in Arriege ; 9 S. Mire-
poix, 12 NE. Tarascon. Lat. 42. 56. N.
Laveld, or La Feld, v. Neth., in Liege ; 4 W.
Liege. Here a battle was fought, in 1747, be
tween the allies under fee duke of Cumber
land, and the French under marshal Saxe, in
which the former were defeated.
Laveline, X. France, Vosges ; 4 SE. St. Diey.
Lavello, t. Naples, in Basilicata ; 6 N. Venosa.
Pop. 2,198. Bp. see.
Lavemund, see Lavamund.
Laven, small isl. near E. coast of Lucon. Lon.
124. 6. E. Lat. 14. 12. N.
Lavcn, or Loven, x. Norway, which runs into
the sea, near Larvigen.
Lauenau, X. Hanover, in Calenberg ; 15 N.
Hamcln. Pop. 459.
Lauenburg, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Coslin, on
the Leba ; 36 W. Dantzic, 50 ENE. Polnow.
Lon. 17. 42. E, Lat 54. 32. N. Pop. 1,584. It
contains a gyrnnasium, 1 Luth., and 2 Cath.,
churches.

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901

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Lauenburg, or Saxe Lauenburg, duchy, in the
north of Germany, belonging, since 1815, to
Denmark. It is situated on the east side of the
Elbe ; bounded by foe territories of Mecklen
burg, Lubeck, Holstein, and Hamburg. Sq. m.
426. Pop. 34,938 ; of the Lutheran religion. It
forms an undulating plain, with few hills, and
has a soil partly sandy and covered with heath,
partly rich and well cultivated. The occupa
tions of the inhabitants are almost wholly agri
cultural. Lauenburg, t. Ger., capital of the duchy of the
same name, on the right coast of the Elbe,
built by Henry the Lion ; 30 SE. Hamburg, 48
SSW.Lubeck. Lon. 10. 48. E. Lat. 53. 22. N.
Pop. 2,280. Here is a toll on the Elbe.
Lauenford, X. Han., in Gottingen, on the We
ser ; 15 NW. Gottingen. Pop. 618.
Lavenham, or Lanham, X. Eng., in Suffolk; 10
S. Bury St. Edmund's, 63 NNE. London. Lon.
0. 49. E. Lat 52. 8. N. Pop. 1,776. It bas a
weekly market on Tuesday. The principal trade
is making woollen yarn.
Lavcnsar, isl. Russia, gulf of Finland ; 60 W.
Petersburg. Lon. 27. 50. E. Lat. 59. 54. N.
Lavensteih, or Lawenstein, X. Bavaria, in Upper
Maine ; 12 S. Saalfeld, 14 NW. Lichtenberg.
Near it is a copper mine. Pop. 400.
Lauenstein, X. Han., Calenburg, on the Saale ;
9 E. Hameln. Pop. 802.
Lauenstein, X. Sax., Meissen ; 18 S. Dresden,
21 SE. Freyberg. Lat. 50. 42. N. Fop. 340.
Lavenza, s-p. Italy, with a harbour formed at
the mouth of a small river, at the expense of
the duke of Modena ; 2 SW. Carrara, 7 SE.
Sarzana. Lon. 10. I.E. Lat. 44. 3.N.
Lavercaniere, X. France, Lot ; 7 S. Gourdon.
Laverdiere, X. France, in Var ; 6 N. Barjols.
Lavemick, X. Prussia, in Culm, on the Dre-
bentz ; 44 E. Culm.
Lauezitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 10 S. Brunn.
Lauf t. Bav., Rezat, on the Pegnitz ; 8 ENE.
Nuremberg, 30 SE. Bamberg. Lon. 11. 13. E.
Lat.49. S. N. Pop. 1,450.
Laufen, X. Bav., in Iser, on the Inn ; 63 E.bv
S. Munich. Pop. 2,500.
Lauffen, X. Aust. Salzburg, on the Salza ; 1 1
NNW. Salzburg, 26 NE. Kuffstein. Lon. 12.52.
E. Lat. 47. 54. N. Pop. 4,700.
. Lauffen, X. France in Upper Rhine, on the
Barsch ; 6 S. BSle, 16 N. Soleure.
Lauffen, X. fa castle, Switz., which gives name
to a bailiwick, in Zurich, near the Rhine ; 2
SSW. Schaffhausen. Pop. 1,360. Here is a
celebrated cataract.
Lauffen am Neckar, t. Wurt, on the Neckar,
formerly imperial ; 4 S. Heilbronn, 16 N. Stutt
gart. Lon. 9. 18. E. Lat. 49. 5. N. Pop. 3,133.
Lauffen, t. Prussia ; 15 S. Bartenstein.
Lauffen, X. Austria, on the Traun ; 18 S. Ge
munden. Pop. 333.
Lauffenburg, or Great Lauffenburg, t. Switz.,
in Aargau, on the Rhine, opposite to Little
Lauffenburg, with which it is connected by a
bridge ; IS E. Bale, 26 W. Schaffhausen. Lon.
8. 4. E. Lat. 47. 36. N. Pop. 800. It was one
of the four forest-towns of the late Austrian
Swabia ; the head place of an ancient county,
and a fortified town. At this place is a fall in
the river, which is thought more picturesque,

than the one at Schaffhausen.— Little Lauffen
burg, in Baden, contains 275 inhabitants, and
is the capital of a district containing 9,236 in
habitants. Lauffnitz, x. Stiria, which runs into the Raab,
near St. Gothard, in Hungary ; 10 SE. Furs
tenfeld. Laugeac, X. France, in Upper Loire ; 14 S.
Brioude. Pop. 2,000.
Laugeon, X. Meckley ; 42 W. Munnypour.
Laugharne, s-p. S.Wales, in Caermarthen; 13
SW. Caermarthen, 230 W.London. Pop. 1,511.
Laughi, (LeJ fief of Piedmont, which takes
its name from a mountain.
Laughlington, p-t. Westmoreland co. Va. ; W.
175. Laviano, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 27 E.
Salerno. Laujar, X. Spain, Grenada; 18 NW. Almeira.
Lavigen, X. Norway, in Drontheim ; 24 N.
Drontheim. Lauingcn, X. Bavaria, in Upper Danube, on
the Danube ; 6 miles above Hochstet, 22 NE.
Ulm. Lon. 10. 22. E. Lat. 48. 32. N. Pop. 3,530.
This is supposed to have been a Roman colony.
Lavington, or Chipping Lavington, or Market
Lavington, or East Lavington, X. Eng., in Wilt
shire, with a weekly market on Wednesday; 16
NNW. Salisbury, 88 W. London. Lon. 1. 69. W.
Lat. 51. 17. N. Pop. 899.
Lavinia, (an. LanuviumJ X. Italy ; 16 SE.
Rome. Lavinium, now Pracl'ica.
Lavino, X. Italy, Milan ; 18 WNW. Como.
Lavino, X. Naples, Molise ; 24 NE. Molise.
Lavis, x. which rises in a lake of Tyrol, and
runs into the Adige, 4 N. Trent.
Lavis, X. Tyrol, at the union of the Lavis with
the Adige ; 8 N. Trent.
Louis, see Lugano.
Lavit de Lomagne, or Vit de Lomagne, t.
France, in Tarn-and-Garonne; 12 E. Lectoure,
Lon. 1. E. Lat. 43. 57. N. Pop. 609.
Laukas, X. Finland ; 124 ESE. Wasa.
Laukowitz, t. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 10 NNE.
Jung Buntzlau.
Launceston, or Dunheved, X. Eng., Cornwall,
on the Otlery, which soon after joins the Tamar;
41 W. Exeter, 214 W. London. Lon. 4. 29. W.
Lat. 50. 3S. N. Pop. 1,758. Launceston is a
borough, and the county town, where the win
ter assizes are held. It sends 2 members to par
liament, and has two markets weekly, on Wed
nesday and Saturday. Here was formerly a
college, founded by one of the Saxon kings,
which, in 1150, was converted into a raonastery
of black canons. The borough of Newport joins
to Launceston.
Launitz, X. Prussia ; 2 NW. Bretchen.
Launiowitz, X. Bohemia, in Kaurzim ; 10 S.
Beneschow. Lawn, or Launy, X. Bohemia, in Saatz, on foe
Egra, in the road from Leipsic to Prague; 9
ENE. Saatz. Lon. 13. 54. E. Lat. 50. 20. N.
Pop. 1,848.
Launoy, X. France, in Ardennes; 10 SSW.
Mezieres, 10 NNE. Rethel.
Lavoncourt, X. France, in Upper Safine; I0E.
Champlitte, 12 S. Jussey.
Lavonia,X. Naples,: in Calabria Citra; 8 WSW.
Rossano.

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Lavonia, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra ; 14 W.
Squillace. Lavora, or Terra di Lavoro, pr. Naples, bound
ed N. by Abruzzo Ultra and Abruzzo Citra, E.
by Molise and Principato Ultra, S. by Principato
Ultra and the gulf of Naples, and W. by the
Mediterranean and the Campagna di Roma ;
about 140 miles in length, and 33 wide where
broadest. It is populous and fertile, yielding
abundance of corn, wine, oil, and other produc
tions of Italy. Anciently it was called Campania,
and in the middleages, The Castellany of Capua.
Capua is the capital ; Gaeta the principal seaport.
Pop. 519,602. Sq. m. 1,696.
Laupen, X. Switz., in Berne, the principal place
of a bailiwick; 5 SW Berne. It was once impe
rial, and yet enjoys the 'privilege of electing its
own magistrates. It is situated at the conflux of
the Sannen and Sense.
Laur, r. Bav., which runs into the Saale, 3 N.
Munnerstadt. La-ur, X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 50 E. Tostar.
Laur, t Bav. ; 2 N. Munnerstatt.
Lavra, X. Russia, Moscow ; 36 NE. Moscow.
Laura, X. Hind., Nagore ; 20 W. Catchwana.
Laurac le Grand, X. France, in Aude ; 5 S.
Castelnaudary, 12 W. Carcasonne. Pop. 585.
Lauradio, X. Portugal, in Estramadura, on S.
side of the Tagus ; 6 SSE. Lisbon.
Lauragais, before the revolution, a small
country of France, in Upper-Languedoc, of
which Castelnaudary was the capital.
Laurana, s-p. Istria, with a small harbour, in
the gulf of Quarnero ; 8 S. Castua. Lon. 14. 17.
E. Lat. 45. 28. N. Pop. 453.
Laurdaung, mountain pass in Bengal, from
Burwa to Nagpour; 25 NW. Doesa.
Laure, X. Portugal, in Alentejo ; 30 WNW
Evora. Laure, X. France, Aude ; 8 NE. Carcassonne.
Pop. 922.
Laureacum, now Lorch.
Laureltown, p-t. Sussex co. Del., on Broad
creek, a branch of the Nanticoke ; 15 SW.
Georgetown, W. 149. Here is a bank.
Laurel Hill, p-v. Richmond co. N. C; W. 387.
Laurel Mountains, mts. Virginia. Lon. 80. 30.
W. Lat. 38. 30. N.
Laurel River, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Cumberland, Lon. S3. 50. W. Lat. 36. 36. N.
Laurenberg, X. Nassau; 3 S. Holzapfel.
Laurence, X. Tioga co., Pa. Pop. 445.
Laurence Creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into
the Ohio, Lon. 83. 36. W. Lat. 38. 30. N.
Laurence Hill, mt. Pa., between Chesnut and
Alleghany mountains. It separates Somersetand
Fayette counties.
Laurence Island, small isl. in the gulf of Flori
da, near the coast of East Florida. Lon. 80. 22.
W. Lat. 25. 36. N.
Laurence Key, small isl. in the bay of Hondu
ras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 89. 48. W.
Lat. 16. N.
Lawrencekirk, t. Scot, in Kincardineshire ; 7
W. Bervie. Pop. 1,215. Manufactures of lawn,
' cambric, fac. have been lately established. In
1799, it was erected into a burgh of barony,
with the privilege of a market. — Native, Dr. Wm.
Beattie. Laurens, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. ; 12 SW. Coop-
erstown, 78 W. Albany. Pop. 2,074.

Laurens, district, W. part of S. C. ; W. 569.
Pop. in 1810, 14,982; slaves, 3,308. Pop. in
1820, 17,682.
Laurens, co. SW. part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 2,210; slaves, 485. Pop. in 1820, 5,436.
Lavrenleva, bay or gulf of the Frozen sea, on
W. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 53. 14. E. Lat.
72. 15. N.
Laurentius, X. Greece, in Magnesia ; 3 E. Dra-.
kia. H. 400.
Lauretum Venetum, now Laredo.
Lauri, X. Naples, in Lavora ; 2 SW. Sezza.
Lauria, X. Naples, in Basilicata ; 17 E. Poli-
castro, 90 SE. Naples.
Lauriacum, see Enns.
Lauaicaucha, mt. Peru, abounding in silver
ore ; 6 N. Pasco.
Lauricaucha, lake, Peru ; 80 N. Lima.
Lauriere, X. France, in Upper-Vinne ; 18 E.
Bellac, 18 NNE. Limoges. Pop. 1,183.
Laurieston, v. Scot, Kincardine ; 6 N. Mont
rose. Here is an ancient castle.
Laurieston, v. Scot, in Stirlingshire; 1£ E-
Stirling. Pop. 860.
Lauringen, X. Bav., on the Laur ; 24 NW.
Bamberg, 30 NE. Wurzburg. Lon. 10. 32. E.
Lat. 50. 13. N. Pop. 535.
Laurino, X. Naples, Principato Citra ; 9 NNW.
Policastro. Pop. 2,100.
Lauristan, X. Persia, Irak, on the Zenderoud ;
90 W. Ispahan.
Lauro, X. Portugal, on a river of the same
name, in Alentejo ; 27 WNW. Evora.
Lauro, x. Portugal, which runs into the Al-
mansor, in Alentejo.
Laurow, X. Hind., Malwa ; 12 SW. Kimlassa.
Laurow, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 10 SW. Gayah.
Laurwig, see Larvigen.
Laus, now Laino.
Laus Kaurens, peninsula, Finmark, in the
Frozen sea. Lon. 30. 24. E. Lat. 70. 45. N.
Lausanne, p-t. Northampton co. Pa., on the
Lehigh, 55 miles above Easton, 35 NW. North
ampton, W. 221. Pop. 220. The Lehigh is ren
dered navigable to this place for boats of 10
tons. Here are coal mines.
Lausanne, city, Switz., cap. of Vaud, 1 \ m. from
lake of Geneva; 41 SW.Berne. Lon.6.45.E. Lat.
46. 32. N. Pop. 8,055 ; including the district,
9,965. H. 1,300. It is delightfully situated on 3
eminences, 1 ,575 feet above the level of the sea,
and between 400 and 500 above the lake. From
the uneven surface, the streets are steep and
irregular, and the houses not well built. It
contains a cathedral, 3 other chh., an arsenal, a
hospital, several libraries, and an academy estab
lished in 1537, having 9 classes, and 12 pro
fessors. The chief branches of education are the
classics and divinity. The principal manufac
tures are jewellery and silversmiths' work. The
trade is not considerable ; many of foe inhabi
tants are employed in the cultivation of vine
yards and gardens ; the neighbouring country
being very fertile. The air is very pure and
healthy, and the town is celebrated for the
beautiful and picturesque views presented by
the lake and the surrounding mountains. It is
celebrated for the resort of strangers, who are
attracted hither by its fine situation, its institu
tions, and the polished character of its society.

LAU

903

LAW

Beza, Barbeyrac, and Haller passed some years
here ; here Tissot resided, and here Gibbon
wrote the greater part of his history; from 1783
to 1793. Upwards of a mile to the westward
was the Roman station Lausonium.
Lousnitz, r. which rises in Austria, and runs
into the Muldaw, 4 SW. Bechin, in Bohemia.
Lousseignan, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
6 NW. Nerac, 5 W. Agen.
Laussig, X. Sax., in Leipsic ; 14 SE. Leipsic.
Lon. 12. 36. E. Lat. 51. 7. N. Pop. 1,252.
Laussnilz, t Sax., Meissen ; 13. N. Dresden.
Lausza, X. Samogitia ; 44 NW. Miedniki.
Lout, t. Bavaria; 7 W. Kissingen.
Laut, see Pulo Laut.
Lautakuri, small Isl. in north part of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 24. 34. E. Lat. 65. 85. N.
Lautenburg, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 48 E. Culm,
60 SW. Heilsberg. Pop. 963.
Lautenthal, X. Han., Gottingen, in foe Hartz
forest ; 8 W. Goslar. Pop. 2,133.
Lauter, x. Ger., which runs into foe Neckar,
near Wendlingen.
Lauter, r. Ger., which runs into foe Danube,
nearMarchthal. Lauter, x. Bavaria, which runs into the Maine,
near Staffelstein.
Lauter, x. Ger., which runs into the Itsch, near
Coburg. Lauter, x. which forms a part of the boundary
between France and Germany. It runs E. into
the Rhine, at Lauterburg.
Lauter, t. Ger.; 11 NE. Meinungen. .
Lauterach, x. Bavaria, which runs into the Vils,
near Schmid.
Lauterbach, X. Bohemia, Saatz ; 7 SE. Falke
nau, 65 W. Prague. Lon. 12.45. E. Lat 50. 2.
N. H. 129.
Lauterbach, x. Silesia, which runs into the
Katzbach, near Schonau, in Jauer.
Lauterbach, x. Wurtemberg, which runs into
foe Enz, 2 WSW. Wildbad.
Lauterbach, X. Hesse, in Upper-Hesse ; 13 NW.
Fulda, 33 E. Wetzlar. Pop. 2,836.
Lauterbach, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 5 NW.
Zwickau. Pop. 1,324.
Lauterbach, t. Wurt., district, Oberndorf. Pop.
1,302. Laulerberg, X. Han., in Gottingen, in the
Hartz forest, near which are mines and forges
of copper and iron ; 14 S. Goslar. Pop. 2,349.
Lauterbrunn, v. Switz., in Berne, in a valley
to which it gives name; 6 Interlacken. The
valley is about 15 miles in circ, celebrated for
its picturesque and romantic scenery ; a beauti
ful cataract, magnificent glaciers, rocks of cal
careous stone and granite, and mines of iron
and lead.
Lauterburg, X. France, in Lower-Rhine, on
the Lauter; 10 E. Weissemburg, 14 S. Landau,
29 NNE. Strasburg. Lon. 8. 14. E. Lat. 49. N.
Pop. 1,941. On foe 16th of September, 1793, the
Austrians were defeated by the French, near
this town, with foe loss of 1,500 men.
Lautereck, X. Bav. circle of foe Rhine, on the
Glan ; 24 N. Deux Ponts, 46 S. Coblentz. Lon.
1. 35. E. Lat. 49. 39. N. Pop. 627.
Laulerhofen, t. Bavaria; 12 SW. Sulzbach, 13
SW. Amberg. Pop. 599.
Lautern, or Kaisers Lautern, t. Bav. circle of

the Rhine, on the Sutter, formerly capitil of a
duchy in the palatinate of the Rhine ; 17 ENE.
Deux Ponts, 24 NW. Landau. Lon. 7. 47. E.
Lat. 49. 27. N. Pop. 2,363. It contains a castle
and 3 churches, for Roman Catholics, Luther
ans, and Calvinists. In the different wars be
tween France and Germany, this town with the
rest of the palatinate, suffered greatly.
Lautern, X. Prussia ; 14 SSE. Heilsberg.
Lauthershausen, t. Bav., on the Altmuhl; 8
W. Anspach, 13 NNE. Dinckelsbuhl.
Louterstein, t. Saxony, Erzgebirg ; 17 SSW.
Freyberg, 32 SW. Dresden.
Laulrach, t. Tyrol ; 2 S. Bregentz.
Lautrec, X. France, in Tarn ; 12 NNW. Cas
tres, 15 S. Gaillac. Pop. 3,343.
Lautte, X. Prussia; 16 ESE. Marienwerder.
Lavuns, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 15
SE. Oleron, 19 S. Pau.
Lauzerte, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Tarn-and-Garonne ; 17 NW. Mon-
tauban, 17 SW. Cahors. Lon. 1. 13. E. Lat. 44.
15. N. Pop. 1,681.
Lauzet, (LeJ X. France, in Lower Alps ; 10
W. Barcelonette.
Lauzun, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 14 NE. Mar-
mande, 14 NW. Monflanquin. Lon. 0. 32. E.
Lat. 44. 38. N. Pop. 1,089.
Lawa, X. Borneo, on a river ofthe same name.
Lon. 110. 42. E. Lat. 0. 40. N.
Lawa, x. Borneo, which runs into the sea,
Lon. 109. 30. E. Lat. 0. 39. S.
Lawahanock, x. Pa., which runs SW. into E.
branch of Susquehanna, about 12 miles above
Wilkesbarre. Lawek, see Cambodia.
Lawenstein, see Lauenstein.
Lower Kirk, t Scot., in Perthshire ; 15 SE.
George Town.
Lowers, r. Holland, which separates Gronin
gen from West Friesland, and runs into the sea,
10 E. Dockum,
Lawis, see Lugano.
Laworuw, X. Aust. Galicia ; 24 W. Lemberg.
Lawrence, X. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pop 1,354.
Lawrence, X. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 447.
Lawrence, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop.
3,499. Chief town, Burlington.
Lawrence, X. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 199.
Lawrence, X. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 596.
Lawrence, X. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 393.
Lawrence, X. Washihgton co. Ohio. Pop. 354.
Lawrence, co. Indiana. Fop. 4,116. Chief
town, Palestine.
Lawrence, co. Mississippi. Pop. 4,91'6. Chief
town, Monti cello.
Lawrence, co. Missouri ; W. 1,172. Chief
town, Lawrence.
Lawrence Creek, see Laurence Creek.
Lawrence, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 3,271.
Chief town, Lawrenceburg.
Lawrence, co. Arkansas. Pop. 5,602. Chief
town, Davidsonsville.
Lawrenceburg, p-t Lawrence co. Ten. ; 100
Munfreesborough, W. 803.
Lawrenceburg, p-t. Tioga co. Pa. ; W- 262.
Lawrenceburg, p-t Gwinelt co. Georgia ; W.
675. Lawrenceburg, p-t. fa cap. Dearborn co. Indi-

LAY

904

LEA

ana, On the Ohio, 2 miles below the Great Mi-
am!, 22 below Cincinatti, W. 527. A newspa
per is published here.
Lawrencevilk, p-t. Nansemond co. N. C. ; 100
Raleigh, W. 226.
Lawrencevilk, X. Ohio, in the centre of Madi
son co.
Lawrencevilk, p-t. Lawrence co. Illinois ; 95
Vandalia, W. 736.
Lawson's Fork, a branch of the Pacolet, S. C.
Lawsville, p-t. Susquehanna co. Pa. ; W. 288.
Pop. 473.
Lax, X. Switz., in the Valais ; 33 E. Sion.
Laxa, t. island of Lewis, situated on a bay
on E. coast ; 9 SSW. Stornaway.
Laxa, X. Buenos Ayres, La Paz ; 20 SW. La
Paz. Laxabon, see Daxabon.
Laxemburg, t. Austria ; 7 S. Vienna.
Laxey Bay, bay, about the centre of E. coast
of the Isle of Man, in the Irish sea ; a safe shel
ter from W. winds, in from 7 to 10 fathom wa
ter. The cape at S. extremity is called Laxey
Point. Laxiana, r. Spain, which runs into the Xalon,
about 3 miles above Anza, in Aragon.
Lay, X. France, in Loire ; 8 SW. Roanne.
Pop. 985.
Lay, or Allampi, or Alampou, X. Africa, Nin-
go, on the Gold coast.
Layau, X. island of St. Vincent, on W. coast,
in a bay, at the mouth of a river, to both of
which it gives name. Lon. 61. 18. W. Lat. 13. 8.N.
Layaven Point, cape, on N. coast of Min
danao. Laybach, (an. AHmona,) X. Austria, capital of
a government, and a circle, in Iliyria, and the
chief town of Carniola ; 28 NE. Trieste, 34
WSW. Cilley. Lon. 14. 30. E. Lat. 46. 2. N.
Pop. 11,000. H. 1,288. Bp. see. It is situated on
a navigable river of the same name, which so
divides it that one part of the town lies in Up
per and the other in Lower Carniola. It is au
old town, tolerably well built, and has 3 sub
urbs, a town house, a cathedral, 10 churches, 2
hospitals, a public library, a theatre, an obser
vatory, and a central school with the privileges
of a university. The old castle, standing on au
eminence, is now used as a prison. Its manu
factures of woollens and silks have fallen to
decay, but its potteries and tanneries are thriv
ing. — A meeting of the allied sovereigns of Eu
rope was held here in 1S20 — 21. — The govern
ment is formed of the duchies of Carniola and
Carinthia. Pop. 637,331. Sq. m. 8,087. Pop.
ofthe circle 139,088. Sq. m. 1,426.
Laybach, or Laubach, x. Carniola, which rises
1 W. Ober Laubach, and runs into the Save, 3
S. Kreutberg.
Laybach, or Laubach, Ober, (an. Nauportus,)
t. Carniola; 9 SE. Hydria, 61 SW. Laybach.
Lay-Choui, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 10 E. Y.
Laydi, X. Africa, in the county, of the Foulis,
on the Senegal ; 45 SE. Goumel.
Laye, r. France, which passes by Bethune,
fac and runs into the Lys, 6 E. St. Venant.
Laykan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
SW.coast of Celebes. Lon. 119.51.E. Lat.5.32.S.
Laymebamba, t. Peru, in Chacapoyas.

Laymou, t. on S. coast of foe island of Ceram.
Layrac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 4 S
Agen, 12 W. Valence. Fop. 2,336.
Layssac, t. France, Aveiron ; 12 E. Rhodez.
Laytons, p-v. Essex co. Va. ; W. 93.
Laza, X. Spain, in Galicia ; 18 ESE. Orense.
Lazanilla, t. Cuba ; 40 ENE. Spirit u Santo.
Lazare Buey, X. Spain, in New Castile; 8
miles from Toledo.
Lazaretto, small isl. in the Mediterranean,
near north coast of Candia ; used by the Vene
tians for the purpose of a lazaretto, but now
deserted. It is not far from Canea.
Lazaretto Vecchio, (II,) small island in the
neighbourhood of Venice, formerly called St.
Maria of Nazareth, from a church ofthe same
name, built by Augustin Hermits, in 1249.
Since foe year 1422, all ships coming from the
Levant, have performed quarantine in this isl.
Lazareva, X. Russia, Irkutskoi, on the Lena ;
32 SW. Kirensk.
Lazarim, X. Portugal, in Beira ; 6 SE. Lame
go, 15 WNW. St. Joao da Pesquiera.
Lazica, a name applied to ancient Colchis.
Lazise, t. Italy, in Verona, on E. bank of lake
Garda, with a harbour, a custom-house, and a
castle ; 5 W. Verona. Pop. 8,000.
Lea, i. Eng., which rises in Bedfordshire,
passes by Hertford, Ware, fac. and falls into the
Thames, a little below London.
Leach; or Lech, r. England, in the county of
Gloucestershire, which runs into foe Thames
near Lechlade.
Leachlade, or Lechlade, X. Eng., in Glouces
tershire, on the river Thames, near the borders
of Wiltshire, Berkshire, and Oxfordshire ; 29
ESE. Gloucester, 77 W. London. Lon. 1. 43.
W. Lat. 51. 43. N. Pop. 993. A canal from the
Severn joins the Thames near this town. It has
a weekly market on Friday.
Leacock, p-t Lancaster co. Pa. ; 9 E. Lancas
ter, W. 125. Pop. 2,882.
Lead Step Bay, bay on S. coast of Wales in
Pembroke. Lon. 4. 45. W. Lat. 51. 37. N.
Leaden, r. Eng., which runs into foe Severn
opposite to Gloucester.
Leaderwaler, x. Scot, which rises in NW. part
of Berwickshire, and runs into the Tweed, 3 E.
Melross. Leadhills, v. Scot, in Lanerkshire ; 15 S. La
nerk; 44 S. Glasgow. Pop. 1,000. It is said to
be the most lofty habitable situation in Great
Britain ; celebrated for the rich lead mines near
it, which have been wrought for two centuries.
Leading Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio, at Salisbury.
Leaf River, the W. branch of the Pascagoula,
Mississippi. Leaksville, p-t. Rockingham co. N. C. on the
Dan; 85 Raleigh, W. 311. It is a flourishing
town. Leaga, see Bineaga.
Learn, mt. Ireland, in Galwav, on south side
of Lough Corib ; 16 WNW. Gaiway.
Leam-choui-ho, X. Chinese Tartary ; 37 SW.
Ning-yuen-tcheou. '
Leame, x. Eng., which runs into the Avon, 1
mile above Warwick.
Leamington Priors, v. Eng., in Warwickshire ;
2 E. Warwick, 22 SW. Birmingham, Pop. 543.

LEB

905

LEB

This place has lately risen into importance on
account of its mineral spring, and is now be
come one of the most fashionable watering
places in England. The waters are saline, con
taining a great proportion of soda and mag
nesia. Leam-leam, t. China, of foe third rank, in
Pe-tche-li; 15 SSW. Peking.
Learn kien-sam, t. Chinese Tartary ; 42 S.
Foro. Leam-yom Hotun, t. Corea; 600 ENE. Pe
king. Lon. 128. 46. E. Lat. 42. 20. N.
Leam-yuen, t. China, ofthe third rank, in Pe-
tche-li; 16 N. Chunte.
Lean-chan, t. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 32 SSE. Ta.
Leang-tang, t. China, of foe third rank, in
Chen-si ; 17 NE. Oei.
Leao, r. China, which runs into the sea, 12
W. Lai-tcheaou.
Leao, or Leho, r. Chinese Tartary, formed by
the union of several rivers, none of which bear
this name till after it has passed foe barrier be
tween Leao-tong and Tartary. It runs into the
gulf of Leao-tong, about 12 W. Yao-tcheou.
Leao-tong, pr. Chinese Tartary, now more
usually called Cheng-yang, or Mougden ; see
Cheng-yang. Leao-tong, (Gulf of) or Yellow Sea, large
bay or gulf of the Chinese sea, between the
peninsula of Corea and China ; about 400 m.
from N. to S. and from 100 to 260 from E. to
W. Lat. 34. 46. to 41. N.
Leao-cou-Hotun, X. Corea, on south side ofthe
Ya-lou river; 370 E. Peking. Lon. 126. 4. E.
Lat. 40. 9. N.
Leasbwrg, p-t. Caswell co. N. C. ; W. 305.
Leasey Point, cape, on W coast of the county
of Lancaster, in the Irish sea, N. isl. of Walney .
Leatherhead, t. Eng., in Surry, on foe Mole ;
18 SW. London. Pop. 1,209.
Leba, t. Pru. Pomerania, in Cosslin, on a
river of the same name ; 16 N. Lauenburg.
Pop. 693.
Lebadea, now Liodias.
Leban, v. Syria, in the pachalic of Damascus ;
12 S. Nablous. Near it is a kan or khan, for
foe reception of travellers ; supposed to be the
ancient Lebonah.
Lebanon, p-t. York co. Maine, on the Piscat
aqua ; 28 NW. York, 100 NNE. Boston, W. 534.
Pop. 2,223.
Lebanon, p-t. Grafton co. N. H., on E. side
of the Connecticut, opposite to Hartford, Vt.,
with which it is connected by a bridge ; 4 SE.
Dartmouth College, W. 500. Pop. 1,710. White
river flows into the Connecticut opposite to this
town. Near its entrance there are fails in foe
river. Lebanon, p-t. Windham co, Vt., on E. side of
Windham, 9 NE. Norwich, 30 SE. Hartford, W.
359. Pop. 2,719. It is a pleasant and valuable
agricultural township, particularly excellent for
grazing. It contains 4 meeting houses, 3 Con
gregational and 1 Baptist. Main street extends
nearly 2 miles in length, about 30 rods wide,
containing 2 meeting houses, and an academy.
Lebanon, (New,) p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 7
W. Pittsfield, 27 SE. Albany, W. 364. Pop.
2,827. It is situated on the turnpike between
Vol. I. 114

Pittsfield and Albany. The village has a pleas
ant picturesque situation, partly on the slope of
a hill and partly in a valley. It is well built,
composed of houses painted white, and con
tains a handsome meeting house. Here is a
spring of considerable celebrity, issuing from a
high limestone hill, so copiously that the quan
tity amounts to 18 barrels in a minute. The
water contains some lime in solution, but dif
fers very little from very pure mountain water,
except by its remarkable temperature, which is
that of 73 deg. of Fahrenheit, not varying per
ceptibly at any season. The spring is kept in
constant ebulition by a copious emission of
azotic gas. It is useful in salt rbeums and vari
ous other cutaneous affections. The waters are
used without injury for all domestic purposes.
On the western side of the mountain, opposite
to the spring, 2J miles distant, is a neat village
of Shakers, containing about 500 inhabitants.
The houses are on a street about a mile in
length, and are painted of an ochre yellow.
Lebanon, p-t. Madison co. N. Y.; 36 SW.
Utica,*115 W. Albany, W. 362. Pop. 1,940.
Lebanon, p-t. Hunderdon co N. J. ; W. 225.
Pop. 2,817.
Lebanon, co. Pa., bounded NE. by Berks co.,
S. by Lancaster CO., W. and NW. by Dauphin
co. Fop, 16,988. Chief town, Lebanon.
Lebanon, p-t. bor. fa cap. Lebanon co. Pa. ;
25 E. Harrisburg, 82 WNW. Philadelphia, W.
133. Pop. of the borough, 1,437 ; and of the
township 3,059. It is pleasantly situated, regular
ly laid out, and contains an elegant court house,
a number of other public buildings, and many-
handsome houses, and has considerable trade.
It is situated on the Quitipihilla creek, within
about a mile of the Schuykill canal, which con
nects this stream with the Tulpehocken. About
5 miles from this town there are extensive
mines of iron and copper, called the Cornwall
mines. Lebanon, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 145.
Lebanon, (New,) p-t Camden co. N. C, on
the Pasquotank, 14 miles above Elizabeth city,
W. 286.
Lebanon, p-t. fa cap. Warren co. Ohio ; 4 W.
of foe Little Miami ; 30 NE. Cincinnati, W.
474. It is a flourishing town, and contains a
court house, a jail, a bank, 2 market houses, a
printing office, a public library, and 2 houses
of public worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for
Methodists. Lebanon, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 213.
Lebanon, p-t. Wilson co. Ten. ; 30 E. Nash*
ville,'W. 698. Pop. 200. It contains a court
house and a jail. A respectable academy is sit
uated 4 miles west of Lebanon.
Lebanon, p-t Washington co. Georgia ; 14
Milledgeville, W. 680.
Lebanon, p-t. Russell co. Va. ; W. 438.
Lebanon, p-t. St. Clair co. Illinois ; W. 856.
Lebanon, p-t. Washington co. Ken. ; W. 622.
Lebanon, see Libanus.
Lebbeke, t Neth., in E. Flanders ; 3 S. byE.
Dendermonde. Pop. 3,142.
Lebe, X. Ger., in the duchy of Lauenburg,
on a lake near the Baltic ; 15 NW. Lauenburg
Lon. 17. 29. E. Lat 64. 40. N.
Lebedjan, t, Russia, in Tambov ; 100 WNW.

LEG

906

LED

Tambov. Lon. 38. 50. E. Lat. 53. 28. N. Pop.
2,540. Lebedin, t. Russia, Charkov ; 60 NW. Char
kov. Pop. 8,971. It is situated on the Atscha-
naja, built chiefly of wood, has distilleries.
Lebenthor, X. Stiria ; 5 NNE. Fridaw.
Leber, x. France, which runs into foe 111, a
little below Schletfsta't, in Lower Rhine.
Lebialna, isl. Russia, in the Caspian sea. Lon.
63. SO. E. Lat. 45. 55. N.
Lebiar, forest of Africa, in Zenhaga, in which
gum is collected in large quantities ; 100 ENE.
Fortendic. Lebiazia, fortress, Russia, in Caucasus ; 16
NW. Astrachan.
Lebiagia, fort, Russia, in Tobolsk ; 188 -SSE.
Tobolsk. Lon. 71. 14. E. Lat. 55. 20. N.
.- Lebida, ox Lebda, (an Leptis,) s-p. Africa, in
^Tripoli, on the coast ofthe Mediterranean; 30
W. Mesurata, 30 ESE. Tripoli. Lon. 14. 50. E.
ilat. 32. 10. N. It contains a temple, several
triumphal arches, and other ruins. It is situated
in a fertile plain, and has some commerce, but
wants the advantage of a natural harbour.
. Lebieda, t. Rus. Wilna ; 10 S. Lida.
Lebiedzi'ow, t. Russian Wilna ; 56 ESE.
Wilna. Lebnek, X. Transylvania ; 15 SE. Schesburg.
Lebo, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 37. 30. S.
Le Boeuf X. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 505.
Le Bpzuf, see Waterford.
Lebonah, see Leban.
Lebrade, X. Holstein ; 6 SW. Lutkenborg.
Lebrilla, X. Spain, Murcia; 11 SW. Murcia.
Lebrixa, or Lebrija, (an. Nebrissa,) X. Spain,
in Seville ; 20 S. Seville. Fop. 6,000. It was
situated formerly, on a branch of the Guadal
quivir, which being now choaked up, the town
is 6 miles from the river. It contains a con
vent and bas a castle, which marks some ap
pearance of antiquity to the place. In foe en
virons are produced olives, from which is
obtained some of the best oil in Spain.
Lebrutz, x. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe,
2 W. Schandau.
Lebskpi, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, near foe
union ofthe rivers Mezen and Pezna ; 168 E.
Archangel. Lebus, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort ; 5
N. Frankfort on the Oder, 7 SSW. Custrin.
Lon. 14. 44. E. Lat. 52. 26. N. Pop. 1,138. It
is seated on the Oder, being 1,200 paces in
length, taken in a direct line. It was formerly
a much larger and more important place than
at present. It has been frequently sacked.
Leca, X. Samos ; 2 S. Carlovassi.
Lecasello, X. Genoa; 20 NE. Genoa.
Lecce, (an. LupiaJ city, Naples, capital of
Otranto ; 20 NW. Otranto, 192 E. Naples. Lon.
18. 8. E. Lat. 40. 40. N. Pop. 14,451. Bp. see.
The wool produced in the environs of this
place was formerly much celebrated ; the
country yields abundance pf almonds and oljves.
It contains, besides the cathedral, 3 parish chh.,
and several convents. It is the residence of the
governor, and is sometimes called foe capital of
Otranto; and by some the province is called
Lecce, instead of Otranto.
Lecei, t. Corsica ; 5 N. Pprto Veechio.

Lecco, X. Italy, in Milan, on the lake Como,
which gives name to a branch of the lake, called
foe Lake of Lecco ; 14 ENE. Como. Lon. 9. 23
E. Lat. 45. 5. N. Pop. 1,863.
Leceta, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 17 NNW.Pam-
plona. Lech, (an. LieusJ x. Bav., which rises in
Tyrol, passes by Fuessen, Landsburg, Augs
burg, fac-> and runs into the Danube, 6 m. below
Donawert. LecA, see Leach.
Lechaum, now Pelago.
Leche, r. Luxemburg, which runs into the
Meuse, near Dinant.
Leclienich, or Leglienich, (an. LegionacumJ X.
Pru. Juliers-Cleves-Berg, in Cologne; 11 SSW.
Cologne. Pop. 1,053.
, Lecheraine, X. Savoy ; 10 NNE. Chambery.
Leches, (Les J X. France, in Dordogne ; 3 S.
Mucidan. Lechhousen, X. Bav., on foe Lech, opposite to
Augsburg. Pop. 800.
Lechiquelie, rock, or small isl. near S. coast
of the isl. of Jersey ; 4 SE. St. Helier.
Lechlade, see Leachlade.
Lechone's, (OsJ cluster of small islands in the
Atlantic, near W. coast of Portugal ; 3 miles
from the mouth of the. Duero. Lon. 8.25.E Lat
41. 43. N.
Lechs Gemund, X. Bav., near the Danube ; 6
ENE. Donawert.
Lechwar, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 32 SE. Bahar.
Leek, t. Denmark, in Sleswick ; 14 N. Bred-
stede. Lech, x. Holland, or rather a branch of foe
Rhine, which lakes that name at Wyck-te-Du-
erstede, in Utrecht, passes by Culemburg, Via
na, Schonhoven, fac, and loses itself in the
Merwe, at Krimpe.
Lechness, t. Norway ; 22 W- Christiansand.
Legon, X. France, in Puy de Dome. Pop.
2,307. Lectoure, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Gers, on a mountain, accessible on
ly on one side, near the Gers ; 16 S. Agen, 16
N. Auch. Lon. 0. 42. E. Lat. 43. 56. N- Pop.
5,453. It is defended by art as well as nature.
Before foe revolution it was foe seat of a gov
ernor, and see of a bishop.
Lectoure, X. France, in Tarn, on the Tarn, near
Alby. Pop. 1,500.
Ledum Promonlorium, now Cape Baba.
Leczenga, x. Africa, which runs info the Mo
zambique gulf, Lat. 17. 20. S.
Leczna, X. Poland, in Lublin, on theWieprz;
15 ENE. Lublin. Pop. 1,500.
Leda Negus, t. Abyssinia, Gojam ; 120 SSW.
Gondar. Leda, t. Hind., Gangpour ; 20 S. Gangpour.
Ledat, (LeJ X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ;
3 NNW. Villeneuve d'Agen, 6 SW. Monflan
quin. Ledbury, t. Epg., Hereford, market on Tues
day, on a canal, navigable from Gloucester to
Hereford ; 16 NW. Gloucester, 123 W. London.
Lat. 52. 6. N. Fop, 3,186.
Ledder, r. N.Wales, which runs into the Con-
Way, 12 S. Aberconway,
Lede, t. Neth,, in E.Flanders ; 8 SW. Denv
dermonde. Pop. 3,313, >

LEE

907

LEE

Leikgheim, t. Neth., in W. Flanders ; 12 E.
Ypres. Pop. 3,120.
Ledenitz, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 7 SSE. Bud-
Leder, lake, Tyrol ; 18 W. Trent.
Lederhofe, X. Weimar; 6 W. Weyda.
Ledesma, (an. BletisaJ X. Spain, in Leon, on
the river TOrmes; 18 W. Salamanca. Pop.
1,800. It is defended by nature and art. Near
it is a warm medicinal bath.
Ledetsch, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 13 S. Czas
lau, 42 SE. Prague. Lon. 15.15.E. Lat. 49.40.N.
Pop. 1,015.
Ledelz, t Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 7 SE Jung
Buntzlau. Ledianaia, bay or gulf ofthe Frozen sea, on
N. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 59. 14. E. Lat.
76. 40. N,
Ledianoi, cape on north coast of Nova Zem
bla. Lon. 73. 24. E. Lat. 78. N. •
Ledigitan, X. France, Gard ; 15 NW. Nismes.
Ledone, now Dunbar.
¦ Ledong, X. on E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 116.
42. E. Lat. 4. 33. N.
Ledoren, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 20; 56. E. Lat. 63. 12. N.
Kedoyra, X. Spain, Galicia; 11 NE. Santiago.
Ledra, now Nicosia.
Ledwich, x. Eng., which runs into foe Teriide,
5 SE. Ludlow, in Shropshire.
Lee, t. Strafford co. N. H., on W. side of Dur
ham ; 19 WNW. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,224.
Lee, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 4 N. Stock-
bridge, 5 SE. Lenox, 11 SSE. Pittsfield, 130 W.
Boston, W. 371. Pop. 1;384. It is watered by
foe Housatonic, and contains 2 paper -mills, a
powder mill, and a woollen manufactory.
Lee, X. Oneida co. N. Y. ; 8 N. Rome, 118 W.
by N. Albany. Pop. 2,186.
Lee, co. SW. point of Va., bounded NNW. by
Kentucky, E. by Russell co.,and S. by Tennes
see. Pop. in 1810, 4,694, slaves 336. Pop/ in
1820, 4,256. The village of Lee C. H, ox Jones
ville, is 80 W. Abingdon; and contains a court
house, a jail, and 15 families.
Lee, fort, Bergen co. N. J., on the Hudson' ;
9 N. Bergen.
Lee, X. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 336.
Lee, r. Ireland, which passes by Cork, and
empties itself into Cork harbour.
Lee, x. Ireland, which rises about 6. E. Tralee,
in Kerry, and runs into Tralee bay.
Lee, x. Eng., which runs into the Wevcr, 2 N.
Nantwich, in Cheshire.
Lee's Island, isl. in the Potomac, belonging to
Fairfax co. Va.
Lee's Mark, rocks in the Spanish Main, near
the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82. 10. W. Lat. 14.
10. N. .
Leebyron, small island in the E. Indian sea,
near NE. coast of Borneo. Lon. 118.12. E. Lat.
6. 1. N.
Leech Lake, lake, N. A., one of the sources of
foe Mississippi, 12 miles in diameter. Lat. 48.
N. On NW. side is a fort. It communicates
with the other head branch of the Mississippi
by Leech Lake river.
Leeds, X. fa port of entry,. Upper Canada, on
N. side ofthe St. Lawrence, at the junction of
the Ganogin,20 NE. Kingston.

Leeds, co. Upper Canada, oh north side of
the St. Lawrence.
• Leeds, t.Kennebec co. Maine ; 20 W.Augusta,
185 NNE. Boston. Pop. 1,534.
Leeds, X. Gloucester co. N. J., on the Atlantic.
Leeds, ox Leedstown; p-t Westmoreland co.
Va., on the NE. bank of the Rappahannock ;
17 NW. Westmoreland C. H., 40 SE. Freder-
icksberg, W. 98,
Leeds; X. Eng., in W. riding of Yorkshire ; 8
N. Wakefield; 9 E. Bradford, 17 N. Halifax, 24
SW. York, 196 NW. London. Lon. 1. 34. W:
Lat. 53. 48. N. Pop. in 1801, 30,669 ; in 1811,
35,950; and including the parish, 62,534: H.
11,300. It is situated on the Aire, which is nav
igable fromthe Humber, up to the town, whence
the Leeds and Liverpool canal proceeds on the
other hand to the west. Placed in the middle
of the line of inland navigation, which extends
across theisland,having a water communication
with Liverpool on the one hand, and Hull on
the other, its situation is peculiarly favourable
for trade and manufactures. The Aire supplies-
it amply with water, and the neighbouring
mines with coal. It is one of the greatest man
ufacturing towns in England, and the principal
seat of the woollen trade.
The town stands on the slope, and partly also
on the summit of a hill, extending 1| mile in
length, and £ mite in breadth. The houses,
are mostly of brick, in general well built, and1
in the modern part, elegant ; in the other parts,
the streets are narrow, crooked, and in some
places dirty. It has 5 churches, and 12 houses
of public worship, belonging to various classes
of dissenters ; various charitable institutions ;
but the cloth halls are the most remarkable
buildings in Leeds. One of them is 382 feet
lbng, and 198 broad ; the other 270 feet by 210.
It is here that all the sales of the woollen cloth
manufactured in the town and neighbourhood
take place, and it forms foe greatest mart for
these goods in the kingdom. The business is
transacted With the greatest regularity and des
patch. Though woollen cloth is ' the staple
manufacture, various other manufactures are
carried on, some to a considerable extent.
Leeds, v. Eng., in Kent ; 6 E. Maidstone.
Here is a mansion, called Leeds Castle.
Leefdaal, X. Neth., in S. Brabant; 5 SW. Lou-
vain. Pop. 1,222.
Leefoga, or Lefoga, one of the Hapaee isl
ands, in the S: Pacific ocean, and considered
as the most fertile; This island is in many res
pects superiorto Annamooka ; the plantations'
are both more numerous and more extensive.
The island is not above 7 miles long, and in
some places not above 2 or 3 broad. The in
habitants are ingenious, but treacherous. Lon.
185. 40. E. Lat. 19. 49. S.
Leegettan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
E. coast of the island of Borneo. Lon. 118; 40.
E Lat. 4. 10. N.
Leeheem, small isl. near NE. of Borneo. Lon. ¦
118. 16. E. Lat 6. 9. N.
Leek, X. Eng., in Staffordshire, market on
Wednesday,in the neighbourhoodof coal mines;'
36 S. Manchester, 154 WNW. London. Lon 2
3. W. Lat, 52. 48. N. Pop. 3,703.
Leek, X. Neth., in Groningen ; 8 SW. Gron
ingen. Pop. 1,070.

LEE

90S

LEG

Leeoo-Keeoo, or Lewchew, or Lequeyo, see
Loochoo. Leende, t. Neth., in N. Brabant ; 6 S. by E.
Eyndhoven. Pop. 1,300.
Leer, r. East Friesland, which rises from a
lake, 3 NW. Oldenburg, and runs into the Ems,
near Ort.
Leer Ort, see Ort.
Leer, or LeAr, or Lt'er, t. Han., E. Friesland,
on a river of the same name, which soon after
.joins the Ems; 11 SE. Emden, 24 WNW. Ol
denburg. Lon. 7. 20. E. Lat. 53. 12. N. Pop.
4,815. Leerdam, X. Neth., in S. Holland, on the Linghe,
which gave the title of count to the noble house
of Egmont, and afterwards to that of Nassau ;
11 S. Utrecht, 26 S. Amsterdam. Lon. 4. 59. E.
Lat. 51. 55. N. Pop. 1,980.
Leers, or Liers, X. Neth., in Liege ; 4 N.Liege.
Here a battle was fought on the 1st of October,
1746, between the allies, commanded by prince
Charles of Lorrain, and foe Freech, under the
command of comte Saxe, in which the latter
were victorious.
Leerstrand, X. Norway ; 8 SW. Drontheim.
Leesburg, p-t. fa cap. Loudoun co. Va., near
Goose creek ; 3 miles from the Potomac, 35
NW. Washington. Pop. 800 or 1,000. It con
tains a court house, a jail, a market house, an
academy, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for
Episcopalians, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for
Methodists. Leesburg, p-t. Highland co. Ohio ; W. 327.
Leesburg, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio ; 142
ENE. Columbus, W.274. Pop. 131.
Leesburg, p-t. Harrison co. Ken. ; W. 539.
Lee's Mills, p-v. Washington co. N. C. ; W.
309. Leesnitz, or Legnica, t. Silesia, in Oppeln ; 13
ENE. Ober Glogau, 18 SSE. Oppeln.
Leesvilte, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. ; W. 61.
Leetakoo, or Latakoo, city, Africa, and capital
of the country of the Booshuanas, or Bushmen,
or Bricquas, and residence of their king. Lon.
27. E. Lat. 26. 30. S. It contained, in 1807,
according to Trutter and Somerville, about
2,500 houses, and 10,000 or 15,000 inhabitants.
The houses are disposed without regularity ;
each, built in a circular form and surrounded
with a palisade, contains several apartments for
the different branches of the family, who live
separately. The houses are thatched with reeds.
This town was visited, in 1813, by Mr. Camp
bell. It had been moved about 60 miles from
its former situation, and was smaller than be
fore, containing only 1,500 houses, and 7, or
8,000 inhabitants.
Leetown, p-t. Jefferson co. Va. ; W. 84.
[ Leeuwarden, see Lewarden.
Leeuwe, or Leeuwen, t. Neth., in S. Brabant,
called by the Flemings Sout-Leeuwe ; 20 WNW.
Liege, 25 E. Brussels. Pop; 1,200. Itis situated
on the river Geete, in the midst of a morass ; it
was formerly a place, to which the sovereigns
of the. countiy sent those they banished.
Leeuwen, X. Neth., in Guelderland; 11 W.
Nimeguen. Pop. 1,500.
Leeward Islands. The terms Leeward and
Windward, applied to the West India islands,
were given them, from their situation in a voy

age from the ports of Spain to Carthagena, or
Porto Bello. The islands, which lie to leeward,
extend from Porto Rico to Dominica.
Lefca, X. Cyprus, the residence of an aga and
a cadi ; 28 NNE. Baffa. It was one of foe four
cities tbat bore the name of Arsinoe.
Lefkeh, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia; 16 SE.Isnik'
45 ENE. Bursa. In the neighbourhood is a con
vent; in which a Greek bp. resides.
Lefkosip;, see Nicosia.
Lefbga, see Leefoga.
Left, t. on N. coast of the island of Kishme ;
12 NE. Kishme.
Leganes, t. Spain, in New Castile ; 5 SW.
Madrid. Legau, t. Bav. ; 12 NNW. Kempten. Pop.
1,650. Lege, X. France, Lower-Loire ; 12 SE. Mache-
coul ; 21 S. Nantes.
Legedia, now Avranches.
Legerwood, t. Scot., in Berwickshire ; 4 SE.
Lauder. Leghea, t. Nubia ; 16 WNW. Dongola. Lon.
29. 30. E. Lat. 20. 6. N.
Leghenich, see Lechenich.
Leghi, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 56 ENE. Aden.
Leghorn, or Livorno, (an. Liburnum, Liburni
Partus, fa Herculis Labronis Partus,) city fa s-p.
Tuscany, in the province of Pisa ; 15 SW. Pisa,
47 WSW. Florence, 140 NNW Rome. Lon. 10.
17. E. Lat. 43. 33. N. Pop. 50,582. H. 8,000.
Jews 8, or 10,000. The population has varied
in the present age according to the state of trade,
but in 1819, was about 50,000. It is situated in
a marshy district, is of a square form, about Si
miles in circuit ; fortified towards the sea, but
towards the land merely enclosed by a stone
rampart. The streets are straight, wide, well
paved, fa clean, especially the one that traverses
the town in a direct line from the gate of Pisa
to that of foe harbour, opening near the centre
into a spacious square called the Place of Arms.
The private houses in general are tolerably well
built, but there are few public buildings of in
terest. The city contains 7 Catholic churches,
2 Greek, 1 Armenian, an elegant synagogue, a
Turkish mosque, 3 hospitals, a public library,
and an academy of sciences, literature, and the
arts. Among the remarkable structures are foe
arsenal, the warehouses for salt, tobacco, and
oil, the theatre, and the public baths.
Leghorn is accounted foe greatest commer
cial depot in Italy. It is the residence of con
suls from the different states in Europe, and is
visited annually by upwards of 4,000 vessels.
It supplies the interior of Italy with the produce
of the rest of Europe, the Levant, and foe colo
nies; in return, it exports the produce and
manufactures of the adjacent part of Italy. The
harbour is divided into inner and outer. The
inner is only a small basin, containing 4 or 5
gallies. The outer harbour, which is the real
port, is formed by a mole, 600 paces in length.
This mole is well paved, with a partition in foe
middle for sheltering the shipping from the
wind, and is a favourite promenade. The har
bour is dificult to enter, and large ships lie be
yond the mole, securely moored to pillars
with large iron rings, there not being sufficient
depth of water within. On one side of the port

LEI

909

LEI

is the Lazaretto, said to be foe finest establish
ment of the kind in Europe. The lighthouse
stands on a single rock in the sea, and is bril
liantly illuminated by 30 lamps, burning in one
lantern. — The principal manufactures in this
city, are foe working of coral and alabaster.
Legmen, t. Prussia ; 22 SE. Heilsberg.
Legio, Septima Gemina, now Leon.
Legiuncara, X. Naples, Bari ; 21 NW. Materi.
Leglantier, X. France, Oise ; 9 N. Clermont.
Legnano, (an. AnsianumJ X. Aust. Italy, in Ve-
rona,.ou foe Adige; 22 ESE. Verona, 28 NNW.
Ferrara. Lon. 10. 59. E. Lat. 45. 11. N. Pop,
6,350. This is a fortress regularly constructed,
and provided with a draw-bridge. The eastern
part is called Porto, and the western Legnano.
It has several monasteries and a play-house.
This town carries on a considerable trade, and
a corn market is held every Saturday, supposed
to be one of the most important in Italy ; for,
of the sole article of rice, as much is often sold
in one week as amounts to 50,000 ducats.
Legrad, (an JoviaJ t. Croatia, at foe union of
the Muner and the Drave ; 15 E. Varasdin. Lon.
16. 54. E. Lat. 46. 30. N.
Legrand, r. U. S., which rises near lake Erie,
and runs into lake Michigan.
Leguevin, X. France, in Upper-Garonne ; 9 W.
Toulouse. Pop. 6,689.
Leguigno, t. Parma ; 18 SSE. Parma.
Lehden, X. Pru. Munster ; 2 E. Tecklenburg.
Lehe, t. Hanover, in Bremen ; 29 E. Stade, 32
N. Bremen. Pop. 1,349.
Leheim, X. Hesse Darmstadt ; 8 W. Darmstadt.
Lehen, t. Baden ; 3 NW. Freyburg. Pop. 710.
Lehenhoffen, t. Stiria ; 6 WNW. Hardeberg.
Lehigh, x. Pa., which runs SE. into the Dela
ware, at Easton. Length, 75 miles.
Lehigh, co. Pa., bounded NE. by Northamp
ton co., SE. by Bucks co., SW. by Berks co.,
NW. by Schuylkill and Northampton cos. Pop.
18,895. Lehigh Gap, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. ; W.
209. Lehighton, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. ; W. 219.
Pop. 1,550.
Lehmkuhlem, t. Holstein ; 8 SW. Lutkenborg.
Lehnberg, t. Nassau ; 3 N. Weilburg.
Lehnc, r. which rises about 3 miles S. Winter-
burg, in Westphalia, passes by Schmalenberg,
Bilstein, Werdohl, Altenau, fac, and runs into
foe Roer, 2 miles below Schwiert.
Lehothowan,X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 4 NW.
Leitmeritz. Lehre, r. which rises in Verden, and runs into
the Alter, 6 miles above Verden.
Lehrberg, t. Bav., on the UnterRetzat ; 5 NW.
Anspach. Pop. 900.
Lehso, t. Arabia Deserta ; 140 S. Cathem.
Lelisten or Lehesten, t. Ger., in Coburg, cele
brated for quarries of slate ; 17 NE. Coburg, 45
SSW. Altenburg. Lon. 11.35.E. Lat. 50. 26.N.
Pop. 772.
Lehtimaki, X. Finland ; 65 ESE. Wasa.
Leibau, see Lobau.
Leiben, t. Austria ; 10 WNW. Crems.
Lichen, t. Austria ; 14 SW. Crems.
Leiblingen, or hyptingen, t. Ger., in the lord
ship of Nellenberg; 6 E. Tuttlingen.
Leibnitz, t. Saxony, Meissen ; 4 S. Dresden.

Leibnitz, t. Stiria, on foe Sulm ; 16 S. Gratz.
Pop. 1,025.
Leicester, X. Addison co. Vt.; 46 SW. Montpe
lier. Pop. 548.
Leicester, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 6 SW.
Worcester, 46 WSW. Boston, W.388. Pop.1,252.
Large quantities of cotton and wool cards are
manufactured in this town. Here is a respectable
and flourishing academy, which was incorpo
rated in 1784, and had, in 1821, a principal, two
assistants, and 88 students, 31 studying Greek
and Latin. The building is a spacious and ele
gant edifice, 3 stories high, and has an elevated
and pleasant situation. The town contains 3
meeting houses, 1 for Congregationalists, 1 for
Baptists, and 1 for Friends.
Leicester, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y., on W side
of the Genesee, opposite to Geneseo and Mount
Morris ; 22 SE. Batavia, 33 S. by W. Rochester,
249 W. Albany. Pop. in 1810, 927 ; in 1820,
1,331. In this township is the village of Moscow.
See Moscow. The flats on the Genesee lying
partly in this township, extend 5 or 6 miles in
length, and 2 or 3 in width. They are overflow
ed in foe spring, are destitute of timber, and are
very fertile, producing great crops of grain.
Above the flats, the banks on both sides of the
Genesee, rise to the height of 150 or 200 feet,
almost perpendicular, and are regarded' as a
curiosity. — There are two reservations, for foe
Indians, containing about 1,300 acres ; one in
the north, and the other in foe southeast part of
the township. On foe southeast tract are about
150 Indians ; on the north, only two families.
Leicester, (an. Rage fa CatwJ X. Eng., capital
of Leicestershire, on the Soar ; 27 NNE, Coven
try, 98 NNW. London. Lon. 1. 9. W. Lat. 52.
38. N. Pop. in 1801, 16,953; in 1811, 23,146;
H. 4,682. Families, 4,873, of which 4,090 were
engaged in manufactures. It is a town of great
antiquity, situated in foe finest wool district in
England, and is distinguished for foe extent of
its stocking manufactures, in which it surpasses
every other town in England, except Notting
ham. It contains 5 parish chh., houses of public
worship for Baptists, Independents, Methodists,
and Catholics ; an exchange, an infirmary, a free
grammar school, and other institutions. It is
well built, and from the rapid increase of the
town the bouses have a modern appearance.
Here was formerly a castle of great extent, of
which little now remains. To the southeast of
the town is foe New Walk, an agreeable prom
enade, which affords many striking views. — Be
tween 7,000 and 8,000 persons are employed in
the various branches of the hosiery business,
and in prosperous times about 5,000 dozen
stockings are manufactured per week. Water
communications have been opened to the north,
south, and east. It sends two members to par
liament. Market on Saturday. It has a number
of fairs.
Leicestershire, co. Eng., bounded N. by Der
byshire and Nottinghamshire, E. by Lincoln
shire and Rutlandshire, S. by Northamptonshire,
and W. by Warwickshire and Staffordshire ; 40
miles from N. to S., and 30 from E. to W. It is
divided into 6 hundreds, which contain 12 mar
ket towns, and 200 parishes. Pop. 150,419. Sq.
m. 816. The surface is agreeably uneven, the

LEI

910

LEI

soil generally excellent, and it is distinguished
as an agricultural county, particularly in that
department which relates to the raising of cat
tle, horses, and sheep ; it has also considerable
manufactures, chiefly of wool, and mines.
Liechau, X. Bav. ; 4 SE. Culmbach.
Leichlingen,X. Pru. Dusseldorf, on the Wipper;
4 S. Solingen. Pop. 2,302.
Leidendorff, X. Austria; 4 E. St. Polten.
Leidensdorf X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz; 20 W.
Leitmeritz. Leiesbach,!. Silesia, which runs into the Oder ;
3 E. Parchwitz.
Leifers, X. Tyrol ; 3 S. Bolzano.
Leigh, X. Eng., in Lancashire, which formerly
had a market, but now neglected ; 10 WNW.
Manchester, 189 NNW. London. Lon. 2. 27. W.
Lat. 53. 28. N. Pop. 1,960.
Leigh, or Lea, t. Eng., in Essex, on foe side
of the Thames, with a custom-house, and offi
cers; 21 ESE. Billericay,39 E. London. Lon.
0. 37. E. Lat. 51. 34. N. Pop, 702.
Leighlin, or Old Leighlin, decayed town, Ire
land, in Carlow ; Bp. see, united with Ferns ; 3
SSW. Carlow. 9 NE. Kilkenny. The cathedral
serves for a parish church.
Leighlin Bridge, X. Ireland, in Carlow, on the
Barrow ; 7 S. Carlow, 1 1 NE. Kilkenny.
Leigh's Island, small isl. on SE. coast of New
Ireland, a little SE. Cocoa Nut island.
Leighton, ox Leighton- Buzzard, or Beaudesert,
X. Eng., in Bedford, on the Ousel, on the bor
ders of Buckinghamshire, market on Tuesday ;
S WNW. Dunstable, 41 NW. London. Lat. 51.
59. N. Pop. 2,114.
Leigne, x. France, which runs into the Seine,
a little S. Bar sur Seine.
Leilam, or Leylaim, X. Arabian Irak ; 30 N.
Bagdad. Near it, in 1733, the Turks were de
feated by the Persians, under Kouli Khan ; the
Turks were commanded by the Seraskier Topal
Osman, who was killed in the field ; they lost
all their baggage and artillery, with the military
chest, and not less than 40,000 men, including
many bashaws and persons of distinction.
Leima. r. Russia, which runs into the Irtisch,
24 N. Tobolsk.
Leimbach, X. Pru. Merseburg; 1 NE. Mansfield.
Pop. 74I#
Leimbach,X. Bavaria; 3 SSW. Eltman.
Leimburg, X. Bavaria ; 4 S. Lauf.
Lein, x. Wurt, which rises 3 SSE. Murhart,
and runs into the Kocher, at Abtsgmund.
Leina, or Leine, i.. Westphalia, which rises 2
SW. Worbis, in the territory of Eichfeld, passes
by Heiligenstadt, Gottingen, Hanover, fac and
joins the Alter, about 2 miles below Zelle.
Leima, t. Ger., in Gotha ; 4 SSW. Gotha.
Leinach, X. Bavaria ; 4 NE. Lauringen.
Leinach, X. Bavaria ; 6 S. Carlstadt.
Leinbach, t. Bavaria ; 2 S. Schainfeld.
Leine, r. Ger., which runs into the Nessa, 4 N.
Gotha. Leine, late -dep. Westphalia, composed of
Brunswick, Hesse, fa Hildesheim, with a pai'tof
Grubenhagen. Pop. 145,547. Gottingen was the
capital. Leimen, X. Baden ; 8 S. Heidelberg. P. 1,202.
Leinen Zum, t. Prussia ; 9 E. Thorn.
Leiningen, or Linange, late principality, Ger.,

almost surrounded by the Palatinate, and bor
dering on the bishoprics of Worms and Spire.
The house of Leiningen being deprived of its
possessions by the treaty of Luneville, received
indemnities out of the secularisations in the
circles of the Lower Rhine and Franconia.
Leiningen, t. Bav., circle ofthe Rhine; 11 SW.
Worms, 30 S. Mentz. Lon. 8. 4. E. Lat. 49.
30. N.
Leiningen, (Old,) castle 'fa v. Bav.; 3 NW.
New Leiningen.
Leinklter, t. Bavaria; 10 SE. Bamberg.
Leinster, the eastern province of Ireland,
which contains the 12 following counties, viz.
Louth, Meath, Dublin, .Wicklow, Wexford,
Kilkenny, Carlow, Kildare, Queen's county,
King's county, West Meath, and Longford.
Leinster is bounded N. by Ulster, W. and SW.
by Connaught and Munster, S. and E. by the
sea. Its length is 104 miles, the breadth about
55, and the circuit 360 ; and includes 992 par
ishes, 1 archbishop, and 3 bishoprics. It is, in
general well cultivated, and enjoys good air
and soil, and is the most populous, containing
the capital and,the seat ofthe government. The
principal rivers are the Boyne, Barrow, Liffey,
Noir, and May.
Leinugen, or Leinungen, X. Pru. Merseburg ;
6 SW. Wippra.
Leipheim, X. Bavaria, on S. side of foe Dan
ube ; 11 NE. Ulm. Pop. 1,135.
Leipnik, X. Moravia, Prerau ; 6 NE. Prerau.
Lat. 49. 28. N. Pop. .3,395.
Leippa, see Leypa.
Leippe, t. Silesia, Neisse ; 2 NE. Grotkau.
Leipsic, circle, Saxony, bounded W. and N.
by Prussian Saxony, E. by the circle of Meissen,
and S. by the circle of Erzgebirg and the prin
cipality of Altenburg. Pop. 216,917. Sq. miles
1,537. The soil is fertile, particularly in corn,
but deficient in woody which is brought from
Erzgebirg and the Vogtland.
Leipsic, or Leipzig, city, Saxony, capital of
the circle of the same name, on the Pleisse ; 60
W. by N. Dresden, 90 S. by W. Berlin, 100
ENE. Frankfort on the Maine. Lon. 12. 22. El .
Lat. 51.20. N. Pop. 32,492. H. 1,369. It is sit
uated in a pleasant and fertile plain, extending
a mile in length along foe river, and is about f
m. in breadth. It was formerly fortified, but
has long since been dismantled, and the space
occupied by the ramparts, laid out in gardens,,
with a beautiful alley of lime trees. Outside of
these are the suburbs, 2 large and 2 small. The
only remaining fortification is the castle, called
Pleissenburg, adjacent to the river. The streets
are neither broad nor well lighted, but they are
kept perfectly clean by means of sewers. The
private houses, though crowded, have in gen
eral a good appearance.
The town is divided into 4 quarters, arid has
4 handsome freestone gates, 8 Lutheran chh.,
1 Reformed, 6 hospitals, 5 public libraries, 2
gymnasia, and a Protestant university; Among
the public edifices are distinguished the ex
change, the town house, the cloth-hall, foe
church of St. Nicholas, the Catholic chapel, the
new theatre, and the arsenal. The university
was founded in 1409, and is one of the most
eminent iri Germany. It consists of 4 faculties,

LEI

911

LEK

theology, law, medicine, and philosophy, and
has 27 regular professors, besides extra profes
sors and private-lecturers ; a library, a museum
of natural history, a clinical institute, and a
botanic garden. There are several learned
societies at Leipsic, as the belles lettres, the
philological, foe economical, the Linnean, the
Collegium; Philobihlicum, and the academy of
fine arts.
Leipsic is the chief commercial city in the
interior of Germany, and is also the great mart
,of German literature. It has 3 great fairs, at
new year, Easter, and Michaelmas ; which are
attended by an immense concourse of people,
not only from every considerable town in Ger
many, but also from foreign countries. The
total value of business transacted here in a
year, exclusive of the book trade, is estimated
at 18,000,000 dollars. — The wholesale booksel
lers of Germany are chiefly confined to Leipsic,
Frankfort on the Maine, Berlin, Nuremberg,
Augsburg, and Hamburg. Leipsic, being a cen
tral position, is the place where booksellers
meet periodically at Easter fair, to purchase and
exchange. There are 50 or 60 booksellers be
longing to foe city, and the number attending
from other parts, varies from 200 to 300. The
The number of new publications, great and
small, exhibited for sale, is computed at 50,000
distinct works, but as the editions are generally
small, the value of the books sold or exchanged
js supposed to fall short of 1,000,000 dollars. —
Natives, Thomasius, Leibnitz, Fabricius, Teller,
Kastner. In 1519, a theological conference was held
here between Martin Luther and Dr. Eck. —
Near Leipsic the Swedes gained two great bat
tles over the Imperialists in 1631 and 1642 ;
and in October 1813, a tremendous battle was
fought between the French army consisting of
160,000 men under Bonaparte, and the allies
240,000 strong ; the French being defeated with
the loss of 40, or 50,000 in wounded, killed, and
prisoners. Leire, now Spar'.
Leiria, see Leyria.
Leinlettin, X. Bavaria ; 5 E. Schwabach.
Leisebach, river, Silesia, which runs into the
Oder, 1 W. Stoedtl Leubus.
Leiselsheim, X. Bav., circle of foe Rhine ; 3
WNW. Worms.
Leisse, X. Prussia; 8 N. Marienburg.
Leisznig, X. Saxony, Leipsic, on the Mulda ;
24 ESE. Leipsic, 32 NW. Dresden. Lon. 12. 50.
E. Lat. 51. 7. N. Pop. 2,520. It has manufac
tures of cloth, lace, stocking, fac. It has 2
churches. The citadel is called Mildenstein.
Leistenau, X. Prussia ; 6 W. Bischofswerder.
Leila, or Leyla, or Leytha, x. which rises in
SW. part of Austria, and joins the Raab at
Raab, in Hungary ; after which the united
stream runs into a branch of the Danube, 9 W.
Comorn. Leitenberg, see Leutenberg.
Leiterbach, see Letter.
Leith, X. Scot., in the county of Edinburgh ;
2 NE. Edinburgh. Lon. 3f 12. W. Lat. 55. 58.
N. Pop. 20,363 It was formerly called Invev-
leith. It is the seaport of Edinburgh, situated
on the banks of the Water of Leith, at its con- j

fluenee with the Frith of Forth, which forms
the harbour, and divides the town into 2 dis
tricts, called North and South LeitA, communi
cating by 2 draw bridges across the harbour.
The old part ofthe town is irregularly built, the
streets narrow, and the houses old fashioned
and inconvenient, but the new part is regularly
laid out, and the houses elegant. The principal
public buildings are 7 houses of public worship,
2 hospitals', a high school, exchange, and custom
house The harbour has only 9 feet of water
at neap tides, and 16 at spring tides. Leith car
ries on an extensive trade with the Baltic,
Mediterranean, other parts of Europe, and
America, besides a great coasting trade. The
Greenland fishery is also carried on to consid
erable extent ; likewise ship building. Here
are several extensive rope-walks, 6 or 7 glas's
houses, sugar refineries, soap-works, breweries,
iron works, fac. The town has been greatly
enlarged and improved within 20 or 30 years.
LeitA Water, r. Scotland, which runs into the
Forth at Leith. ,
Leithen, r. Scot., which runs into the Tweed,
at Inverleithen. '
Leitmeritz, city, Bohemia, capital of a circle
of the same name ; 28 NNW. Prague, 34 SSE.
Dresden. Lon. 14. 15. E. Lat. 50. 31. N. Pop.
3,520. Bp. see. It is situated on the Elbe, which
here receives the Egra, and becomes naviga
ble ; is well built, and populous. The circle is
so fertile and fine a country, as to have been
called the Bohemian Paradise ; exclusive of
which, it is supplied, by means of the river
Elbe, with the products of the rest of foe prov
inces of the kingdom, and also of other coun
tries. The wines, called Podskalsky, which
grow near Austi, are particularly famous, and
the warm mineral waters of Topolitz are very
wholesome. We also find here tin and precious
stones. Pop. 291,183. Sq. m. 1,344.
Leitomischel, see Leutomischel.
Leitrim, co. Ireland, in Connaught, bounded
N. by the bay of Donegal, NE. by Fermanagh,
SE. by Cavan and Longford, and SW. by Ros
common and Stigo ; about 42 miles in length
from NW. to SE. and from 6 to 16 broad. The
northern parts are mountainous, but furnish
food for a great number of young cattle ; the
southern parts are level, and the soil is fertile.
Carrick is foe county town. Pop. about 76,000.
Leitrim, X. Ireland, from which the county is
named, on the Shannon ; 3 N. Carrick.
Leitschach, t Stiria ; 13 NW. Marburg. H. 60.
Leitzen, t. Pru. Brandenburg, in Frankfort ;
4 SW. Seelow.
Leilzersdorf t. Lower Austria ; 3 NE. Stor-
kerau. Pop. 1,028.
Leilzko, ox Leitzkau, X. Prussia, Magdeburg ;
14 ESE. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,065.
Leiva, (Nuestra Senora dej t. New Grenada,
in Tunja ; 14 W. Tunja. It is situated on a
pleasant plain, and is a considerable town.
Leixlip, X. Ireland, in Kildare, on the Liffey ;
8 W. Dublin. Here js a medicinal spring ; and
in foe neighbourhood are the ruins of a town
named Corisig, and a castle.
Lekeo, one of the Japan islands, about 120
miles in circumference; 20 S.Ximo. Lon. 132
40. E. Lat. 31. 20. N.

LEM 9L2
Lekinpour, t. Hind., in Cattack ; 12 NE. Cat
tack. Lekkerkerk, t. Holland, on the Lech; 8 E.
Rotterdam. Pop. 1,300.
Lekno, t. Poland ; 28 NNW. Gnesna. P. 216.
Leksand, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia ; 20 NW.
Fahlun. Lelcza, t. Rus. Volhynia ; 60 N. Zytomiers.
Lelian, t. on N. coast of the island of Bouro.
Lon. 127. 12. E. Lat 3. 10. S.
Letif Pattan, see Pattan.
Lelow, t. Poland ; 32 N W.Cracow. Pop. 600.
Lelunda, r. Africa, which joins the Zaire,
about 60 miles from its mouth.
Lelunda, t, Congo, on the river so called,
which runs into the Zaire ; 35 E. St. Salvador.
Lema, small isl. in the Chinese sea. Lon. 114.
17. E. Lat. 22. N.
Lema Islands, cluster of small islands in the
E. Indian sea, near W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
108. 48. E. Lat. 1. 10. S.
Lemon Lake, see Geneva.
Lemon, x. Eng., which runs into the Ex, near
Tiverton. Lemoiios, and Lemavio, now Lyme.
Lemba, t. Africa, in Congo.
Lemba, X. on W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119.
62. E. Lat 3. 15. S.
Lemba, or Libongo, x. Africa, which is too
shallow for navigation, and has no harbour at its
mouth. It runs into the Atlantic, 10 S. the Onza.
Lembach, X. Stiria ; 3 SSW. Marburg.
Lembach, X. Austria; 9 S. Aigcn.
Lembeek, X. Prussia, in Munster; 6 WNW.
Haltern. Lembeeck, t. Flanders ; 8 S. Ghent. P. 2,665.
Lembege, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 15
NNW. Tarbe, 15 NE. Pau. Pop. 942.
Lemberg, or Leopold, city, Austrian Poland,
capital of Galicia; 72 SSE. Chelm, 156 E.
Cracow, 300 SSE. Konigsberg. Lon. 23. 59.
E. Lat. 49. 51. N. Pop. 41,493; of whom
12,730 are Jews. H. 2,515. Abp. see. It con
tains a Catholic cathedral, 11 other Catholic
churches, 1 Greek church, 1 Armenian church,
1 united Greek church, 1 Lutheran church, and 2
synagogues ; a gymnasium, a university, and
other institutions. It is the principal thorough
fare from Odessa and other Russian seaports
on the Black sea, to Vienna and the rest of
Germany. Its" fair, which is held during Lent,
is on a very large scale, and the business trans
acted at it is immense. It is a large, opulent
city, and pretty well fortified in foe Polish
manner, that is, only with timber; and lies
low, on the banks of foe river Peltew, which
soon after joins the Bug ; being surrounded
with hills and mountains, which command the
town. It carries on a considerable trade, and
has two castles, one within; and another with
out its Walls. The latter stands on a high hill,
and the Carmelite monastery, which is fortified,
may serve for a citadel to this castle.
Lemberg, X. France, Moselle ; 3 SW. Bitche,
12 SE. Sarguemines. Pop. 1,429.
Lemberg, see Lowenberg.
Lemberg, X. Stiria ; 5 N. Cilley.
Lemberghe, X. Flanders ; 6 S. Ghent.
Lembo, t. Congo, on the Zaire ; 40 SW. Es-
seno.

LEM

Lemboula, x. France, which runs into the
Tarn, near Moissac
Lemene. r. Italy, which rises in Friuli, and
runs into the gulf of Venice, near Caorla.
Lemyebamba, X. Peru, in Truxillo ; 22 SW.
Chacapoyas. Lemford, or Levenfurt, t. Han., in Diepholz ¦
8 S. Diepholz.
Lemgo, or Lemgow, X. Ger., in Lippe-Det-
mold, on a small river, near the Werra; 17
SSW. Minden, 32 NNE. Lippstadt Lon. 8. 44
E. Lat 52. 2. N. Pop. 3,372. It contains 2 Lu
theran churches, I Reformed, 1 hospital, and a
gymnasium. It is divided into Old and New
Town, each of which is governed by its res
pective magistrates ; formerly one of the Hanse
towns. Lemia, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
foe coast of Chili. Lat. 44. 6. S.
Lemington, X. Essex co. Vt, on the Connecti
cut; 75 N. by E. Newbury, 80 NE. Montpelier.
Pop. 139.
Lemkendorf t. Denmark, in the isl. of Fe
rn ern ; 4 W. Borg.
Lemland, small isl. in the Baltic, near SE.
coast of Aland, about 20 m. in circumference.
Lon. 19. 58. E. Lat. 60. 4. N.
Lemlem, country, Africa, in the internal part
of Negroland ; 500 ESE. Tombuctoo.
Lemlum, X. Arabian Irak ; 33 SE. Helleh.
Lat. 31. 43. N.
Lemmer, (The,) s-p. Friesland, near the Zuy
der zee; 15 W. Staveren, 20 S. Lewarden.
Lon. 5. 30. E. Lat. 52. 52. N.
Lemnitz, x. Saxony, which runs into the Saale,
5 SE. Saalburg.
Lemnitz, X. Weimar, in Neustadt ; 3 E. Neus
tadt. Lemnos, see Slalimene.
Lemo, x. Piedmont, which runs into the Or-
ba, near Alexandria.
Lemo, X. Finland, in Abo ; 12 NW. Abo.
Lemon, X. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 2,133.
Lemon Rock, rock, near SW. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 10. 18. W. Lat. 51. 45. N.
Lemos, district, Spain, in Galicia, E.of Minho;
the chief place is Montforte de Lemos.
Lemosano, t. Naples, Molise ; 8 NE. Molise.
Lemov, (Niznei,) X. Russia, in Penza ; 72 W.
Penza. Lon. 43. 34. E. Lat. 53. 25. N.
Lemov, (Verchnei,) X. Russia, in Penza ; 38
SW. Penza. Lon. 43. 14. E. Lat. 53. 16. N.
Lempa, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, Lat. 13. 36. N.
Lempach, X. Austria ; 14 WSW. Vienna.
Lempala, t. Finland ; 27 NW. Tavasthus.
Lempde, X. France, in Upper Loire ; 9 NW.
Brioude, 24 N. St. Flour. Pop. 1,138.
Lemps le Grand, X. France, in Isere ; 13 S.La
Tour du Pin, 18 NW. Grenoble.
Lempster, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; HE,
Charlestown, 40 W. Concord, W. 471. Pop.950.
Lempta, (an. Leplis, or Leptis ParvaJ s-p.
Africa, on E. coast of Tunis ; the name denotes
a port or station for vessels ; 60 S. Tunis. Lon.
10. 64. E. Lat 35. 30. N. Lempta has been a
mile or more in circuit ; but at present nothing
remains besides the ruins of a castle,, with a
low shelf of rocks, that probably made the N.
mound of the ancient Cothon.

LEN

913

LEN

Lempta, desert country, Africa, inhabited by
a fierce and barbarous people, who rob the
caravans that pass from Constantina and other
towns, towards Nubia ; situated about Lon.9.E.
Lat. 26. 30. N.
Ltmpta, or St. Nicholas, r. Africa, which rises
in Calbari, and runs into the Atlantic
Lem-tchin, X. Thibet ; 12 WNW. Pitchan.
Lemui, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, between
the island of Chiloe, and the continent. Lat
44. 10. S.
Lemvig, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, on
the Lime Fiord, or Lympfurt; 84 N. Ripen.
Lon. 8. 18. E. Lat. 56. 44. N. Pop. 550.,
Len, x. Eng., in the county of Kent, which
runs into the Medway, near Maidstone.
Leno, r. Russia, which rises in a morass, Lon.
108. 14. E. Lat. 50. 20. N., in Irkutskoi, passes
by Vercholensk, Tutura, Kirensk, Vitimskoi,
Olekminsk, Yakutsk, Zigansk, fac, and runs
into the Frozen ocean, Lon. 117. 14. E Lat
73. N. It is broad and deep, and forms nume
rous islands. Its entire course is estimated at
nearly 2,000 miles.
Lena, harbour, on west coast of Mindanao.
Lon. 122. 12. E. Lat. 6. 42. N.
Lenato, X. Italy ; 5 S. Milan.
Lenberan, t. Persian Armenia ; 168 E. Erivan.
Lenckersheim, X. Bav. ; 3 E. Windsheim.
Lencloistre, X. France, in Vienne ; 14 N. Poi
tiers. Pop. 2,114.
Lenczicz, ox Lentschitz, X. Poland, in Masovia,
on foe Bsura; 60 WSW. Warsaw, 145 S. Dant
zic. Lon. 19. 17. E. Lat. 51. 52. N. Pop. 2,225.
It is surrounded with a wall and a moat, and is
defended by a castle, which starids on a rock.
A provincial diet, a court of judicature, and
provincial synods of the clergy are held in this
town. Lenczna, X. Poland, Lublin ; 16 NE. Lublin.
Pop. 1,400.
Lendar, X. Istria ; 19 E. Capo d'Istria.
Lendinara, X. Aust. Italy, in Venice, on foe
Adigetto ; 8 W. Rovigo. Fop. 5,000. It con
tains 9 chh., and 4 convents.
Lendora, X. Rus. Olonetz ; 100 WNW. Povenetz.
Lendsiedel, t. Wurt. ; 4 W. Kirchberg.
Lenes, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat 67. 40. N.
Lenga de Bazasa, pr. on the coast of Cara
mania. Lon. 34. 11. E. Lat. 36. 33. N.
Lengefeld, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 12 SE.
Cheihnitz, 30 SW. Dresden. Lon. 13. 7. E. Lat.
60. 40. N. Pop. 1,100.
Lengefeld, or Lengenfeld, X. Sax., in the Vogt
land ; 10 NE. Plauen, 10 SSW. Zwickaw. Lon.
12.22.E. Lat. 50. 27. N. Pop. 2,104.
, Lengenwang, X. Bav. ; 9 S. Oberdorf.
Lenger, X. Persia, in Chorasan ; 162 NNW.
Herat. Lenger Kuran, X. Persia, in Ghilan ; 120 NW.
Reshd. Lengerich, X. Han., in Lingen ; 4 S. Tecklen-
burg. Pop. 884.
Lengfeld, X. Bav. ; 9 NNE. Wertheim.
Lengfeld, X. Bav. ; 3 NNE. Wurzburg.
Lengfurt. x. Bav., on the Maine, near Hom
berg. Pop. 876.
Lenghier, X. Persia, Chorasan ; 70 E. Herat.
Vol. I. 115

Lengium, t. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 4i2
E. Gottenburg.
Lengo Sengando, X. Congo ; 45 SSW. Bombi.
Lengsfeld, X. Weimar, iri Eisenach, on the
Werra ; 16 SSW. Eisenach. Pop. 1,719.
Lengueglio, X. Genoa ; 5 S. Albenga.
Lengur, X. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 15 NW.
Amol. Lenliam, t. Eng., in Kent, with a weekly mar
ket on Tuesday, situated near the source of the
Len ; 9 E. Maidstone, 48 E. London. Lon. 0.
43. E. Lat. 51. 14. N. Pop. 1,434.
Lenhofda, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 30 NW.
Calmar. Lenkeran, X. Persia, in Ghilan, near the Cas
pian sea; 15 N. Astara, 110 NW. Reshd. Lon.
49. E. Lat. 28. 40. N.
Lenkersheim, X. Bav. ; 14 N. Anspach. P. 800.
Lennott, (La,) X. Buenos Ayres, in La Paz ;
27 N. Potest
Lenne, x. Ger., which rises near Berleburg,
and runs into the Roer, 2 W. Schwiert.
Lennep, X. Pru. Dusseldorf; 20 ESE. Dussel
dorf. Lon. 7. 18. E. Lat. 51. 9. N. Pop. 2,742.
Lenno, X. Italy, Milan ; 12 S. Brescia. P.2,000.-
Leno, harbour on west coast of Mindanao.
Lon. 124. 21. E. Lat. 6. 38. N. .
Lenoir, co. N. C. Pop. in 1810, 5,572 ; slaves
2,440. Pop. in 1820, 6,799. Chief town, Kings
ton. Lenoncourt, X. France, in Meurte ; 4 ESE.
Nancy, 7 NW. Luneville.
Lenox, p-t. fa cap. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 6 S.
Pittsfield, 58 NW. Hartford, 135 W. Boston, W.
366. Pop. 1,315. It is situated on a high hill,
and consists chiefly of two streets, intersecting
each other at right angles. A few of the houses
are of brick, but they are mostly of wood,
painted white, and make a handsome appear
ance. The town is watered by foe Housatonic,
and contains a very elegant court house, a jail,
an academy, a woollen manufactory, a furnace
for casting hollow ware, and 2 houses of public
worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Episcopalians. Here is a valuable iron mine.
Lenox, p-t. Madison . co. N. Y., on south side
of Oneida lake ; 25 W. Utica, W. 375. Pop. in
1810, 1,734; in 1820, 3,360.
Lenox, X. Susquehanna co. Pa. Pop. 214.
Lenox, X. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 124.
Lenox, isl. in the Mergui Archipelago, about
5 m. in circumference. Lat 9. 2. N.
Lenox, ancient district, Scot, now divided
into Dumbartonshire and Stirlingshire.
Lenox Castle, p-v. Rockingham co. N.C.; W.
316. Lenoxville, s-p. Carteret co. N. C, at Chad-
wick's point, where a small river flows into
Core sound; 3 m. from Beaufort, 4 from Old*
Topsail inlet. It has lately been laid out ; is
said to have one of the best harbours in the
state, on a healthy site, and well situated for
trade. Lens, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais; 7 NW.
Douay, 72 N. Paris. Pop. 2,325. It was formerly ,
fortified, but is now open.
Lens, X. Neth., in Hainaut; 9 N. Mons. Pop.
2,004. :
Lenmyck, t. Norway; 20 WNW, Drontheim.

LEO

914

LEO

Lent au Dombes, t. France, in Ain ; 5 S. Bour-
gen Bresse. Pop. 830.
Lenta, i. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic,
between Pescara and Ortona a Mare. Lon. 14.
20. E. Lat. 42. 28. N.
Lente, t Holstein ; 3 NNW. Eutyn.
Lentella, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra; 18 NE.
Civita Borella.
Lenten, t. Norway ; 20 N. Berga.
Lentershausen, X. Bav. ; 5 ESE. Lauringen.
Lenthe, t. Neth., in Overyssel ; 5 SE. Zwoll.
Pop. 1,100.
Lentini, (an. Leontini,) t. Sicily, in the valley
of Noto;' 10 NW. Augusta, 13 SSW. Catania,
19 NNW. Syracuse. Lon. 15.0.E. Lat.37.18.N.
Fop. 5,152. It is situated on a river of the
same name, about 5 miles from the sea ; very
considerable before it was almost destroyed by
an earthquake, in 1693. At a small distance from
the city was a lake abounding in fish, and about
20 miles in compass. The vapours rising from
the marshes, made by the overflowing of the
lake, greatly infected the air, which was there
deemed very unwholesome ; but to make
amends for this, the fields were so fruitful, that
according to Pliny, they yielded a hundred
fold; whence the city of Leontini was called
by Tully, tAe grand magazine of Sicily. The
wines it produced were thought the most deli
cious of the whole island, but the inhabitants
abused the benefit by their intemperance, which
gave rise to the proverb, " The people of Leon
tini are always at their cups."
Lenliscosa, t. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 9
SW. Policastro.
Lento, t Corsica; 11 S. Oletta.
Lentz, t. Prussia, Ermeland ; 8 NE. Elbing.
Lentzburg, t. Switz., in Aargau, capital of a
bailiwick; 16 W. Zurich, 35 NE. Berne. It
has a considerable trade, with manufactures of
flowered linens and cottons, tobacco, fac.
Lenlzen, t. Pru. Brandenburg, in Potsdam,
near the Elbe ; 14 W. Perleberg, 74 NW. Ber
lin. Lon. 11. 36. E. Lat. 53. 9. N. Pop. 2,137.
Lentzendorf, X. Bav. ; 7 N. Bayreuth.
Lenza, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 15. 31.
E. Lat. 44. 5. N.
Lenza, x. Italy, in Parma, which, after flow
ing 50 miles, unites with foe river Parma.
Leoben, or Leuben, X. Stiria, on the Muehr; 68
SW. Vienna. Lon. 14. 55. E. Lat. 47. 22. N.
Pop. 2,000. At this town, the preliminaries of
peace between the' emperor and the French
republic were agreed to, on the 20th of April,
1797. Leobschuz, or Lubschutz, X. Pru. Silesia, in
Oppeln, cap.of a circle ; 16 NW. Ratibor, 30 S.
Oppeln. Lon. 17. 44. E. Lat. 50. 5. N. Pop.
3,388. This town has suffered much by war. It
has a Catholic gymnasium.
Leocala, see Alicata.
Leochel,X. Scot., in Aberdeenshire , 6 NW.
Kincardine O'Neil.
Leogone, (Bay of) or Bite of Leogane, bay at
- W. end of St. Domingo. It opens between
Cape Nicholas at W. end of N. peninsula, and
Cape Donna Marie, at NW. point of S. penin
sula, 45 leagues apart.
Leogane, s-p. St. Domingo, on north coast.
Lon. 73. 25. W. Lat. 28. 30. N. Pop. stated at

6,000. This was once the seat of the French
government It is however not well situated,
but the air is said to be good, and the soil of
the environs fertile.
Leominster, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 19 N.
Worcester, 46 WNW. Boston, W. 439. Pop.
1 ,790. It is watered by the Nashua, is a pleas
ant agricultural town, and contains a paper
mill and other valuable mills, and has conside
rable manufactures of brick and combs.
Leominster, or Lemster, X. Eng., in Hereford,
on the Wye, in a part called the Marshes of
Wales; 26 W. Worcester, 137 WNW. London.
Lon. 2. 36. W. Lat. 52. 20. N. Fop. 3,282. It
is well built, and the environs are fertile. The
The chief trade is in wool, felts, and leather.
It has sent members to parliament from the
reign of Edward I. The market is on Friday.
Leon, one of foe great divisions of Spain,
usually styled the kingdom of Leon ; bounded
N. by Asturia, E. by Old Castile, S. by Estra
madura, and W. by Portugal and Galicia. It
was united to Castile in the beginning of the
11th century. The soil is generally fertile, and
produces all the necessaries of life ; and the wine
is tolerably good. Pop. 930,000. Sq.m. 21,000.
It is divided into the six following provinces.
Provinces. Pop. Chief Towns.
Leon . 240,000 . Leon.
Salamanca 210,000 . Salamanca.
Palencia . - . 120,000 . Palencia.
Zamora . . 72,000 . Zamora.
Toro 100,000 . Toro.
Valladolid . 188,000 . Valladolid.
Leon, (an. Legio Seplima GeminaJ city, Spain,
capital of a province to which it gives name, at
the conflux of two rivers, whose united stream
runs into the Esla, 10 S. of the town ; 150 NW.
Madrid. Lon. 5. 37. W. Lat. 42. 36. N. Pop.
6,170. Bp. see. This city is veiy ancient, and
was formerly much more rich and populous than
it now is. It was the capital of a kingdom of
the same name, and the kings' resided in a pal
ace here till the year 1037. It now contains
13 parish churches, 9 convents, and 4 hospitals.
The cathedral is handsome, and abounds in
relics. In it are seen the tombs of 37 kings, and
1 emperor. Leon, X. Spain, in Catalonia; 43 NW. Urge).
Leon, X. Mexico, in Guadalaxara ; 40 E. Gua
dalaxara. Leon, X. Guatimala, capital of Nicaragua. Lon.
81. 56. W. Lat. 12. 30. N. Pop. 10, or 12,000.
It contains about 1,200 houses, 4 churches, and
several convents. The soil is sandy, but the
situation near the lake and between the two
seas, renders it very commercial.
Leon, r. Guatimala, which runs into the bay
of Honduras, Lon. 88. 5. W. Lat. 15. 45. N.
Leon, X. Piedmont ; 4 N. Savigliano.
Leon, isl. on the coast of Spain, in the Atlan
tic, separated from the continent by a very
narrow strait. Lon. 6. 25. W. Lat. 36. 27.
N. The form is irregular ; foe length about
10 miles, and the breadth scarcely in any part
3. The city of Cadiz is built at its north ex
tremity. Leon, see Isla de Leon.
Leon de Garaccas, see Caraccas.
Lam de Cuanuco, see Guanuco.

LEP

915

LER

Leon, (New,) pr. Mexico, comprehended in
foe province of St. Luis Potosi. The interior
parts are but little known, but are said to be
full of mountains, which contain rich mines.
The principal towns are Montelrey, Monclova
or Coaguilla, St. Jago, Comargo, fa Santander.
Pop. 30,000.
Leonan, small island in the E. Indian sea,
near NE. coast of Borneo. Lon. 117. 48. E.
Lat. 6. 39. N.
Leonardtown, p-t. fa cap. St. Mary's co. Md.,
at the entrance of Britain brook into Britain
bay, five miles from its mouth in the Potomac ;
30 SE. Port Tobacco, W. 35. H. 50.
Leonberg, or Leonsberg, X. Wurtemberg, on the
Glems ; 6 W. Stuttgart, 34 NNE. Freudenstadt
Lon. 9. 7. E. Lat. 48. 51. N.
Leone, one of the Navigator's islands ; about
5 miles in circumference, E. of Fanfoue, from
which it is separated by a narrow channel. Lon.
169. W. Lat 14. 8. S.
Leones, sriicil island in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Patagonia. Lat. 50. 2. S.
Leonessa, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 19 NW.
Aquila. Fop. 4,713.
Leonforle, t. Sicily, Demona. Pop. 8,000.
Leoni, X. Naples, in Principato Ultra ; 12 W.
Conza. Leonico, see Lonigo.
Leonsberg, X. Wurt; 11 NW. Stutgard. Pop.
1,677.' Leonsberg, castle, Bav., near foe Iser ; 5 N.
Dingelfingen. Leontari, X. Morea ; 20 NNW. Misitra. ,
Leontevka, t. Rus. Novgorod ; 40 SE. Valdai.
Leontini, or Leontium, now Lentini.
Leontopolis, now Racca.
Leopold, see Lemberg.
Leopoldsau, X. Austria ; 6 N. by E. Vienna.
Pop. 1,143.
Leopoldschlag, X. Austria ; 7 NNE. Frienstatt.
Leopoldstadt, a suburb of Vienna, on north
side of the Danube, communicating with the
city by a bridge. It is large and populous.
Leopoldstadt, t. Hungary, on the river Waag ;
56 E. Vienna, 116 NE. Gratz. Lon. 17. 54. E.
Lat. 48. 28. N. It is fortified.
Leoville, X. France, in Lower-Charente ; 8 N.
Montlieu, 13 SSE. Pons.
' Lepanto, or Ainabachti, or Enebechte, (an.
NauipactusJ s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ; 74 S.
Larissa, 364 WSW. Constantinople. Lon. 22. 20.
E. Lat. 38. 27. N. Pop. 2,000, according to
Hassel ; 7, or 8,000, Dearborn. It is situated
in a bay, formerly called tAe Gulf of Corinth,
now: tAe Gulf of Lepanto, which is 70 miles
long. It is fortified, and defended with a cas
tle, built on an eminence. Being ceded by the
emperor to the Venetians, it was fortified by
them ; and in the year 1475, stood a siege of 4
months against the Turks, who lost 30,000
men. Near this town, Don John of Austria,
obtained a celebrated victory over the Turkish
fleet, in the year 1571. Cervantes, the cele
brated author of Don Quixote, fought as a sol
dier in this battle, and had his left hand shot off
by an arquebuse. • .
Lepe, X. Spain, in Seville, celebrated for its
grapes, figs, and wine ; 10 E. Ayamonte.
Lepeiga, X. Hind., in Gangpour; 30 SSW.
Gangpour.

Lepel, X. Rus. Polotsk ; 55 SE. Polotsk.1 ¦
Leper's Island, one of the New Hebrides,_in
the S. Pacific ocean, so called by Mons. Bou
gainville, who visited it in 1768, and found the
inhabitants in general devoured with the lepro
sy. Lon. 168. 4. E. Lat. 15. 21. N.
Lepomero, X. Mexico ; 130 ENE. Riochico. ¦
Lepoti, X. Georgia, Kaket ; 22 SE. Kaket.
Leppe, r. Ger., which runs into the Aggar, in
the county of Mark.
Lepowirta, X. Finland ; 24 S. Kuopio.
Lepra Lankeng, X. Thibet ; 68 SE. Toudsong.
Lepsia, now Lepso.
Lepsina, or Elefsis, X. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia ;
12 NW. Athens. Pop. 200. It was anciently
called Eleusis ; celebrated for the temple of
Ceres, and the mysteries of her worship : It is
now a miserable village, but its site is covered
with various ruins.
Lepsti, X. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, on the
gulf of Saloniki ; 12 S. Jenitza.
Leptis, now Lebida, fa Lemla.
Lepton, X. Eng., in W. Riding of Yorkshire ; 7
W. Wakefield. Pop. 2,180.
Lerang Point, cape on N. coast of the isl. of
Java. Lon. 111.27. E. Lat. 6. 37. S.
Le Roy, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y., on Black
river; 180 NW. Albany, W- 453. Pop. 2,944.
The village is called Le Raysvilk.
Leray, X. France, in Cher; 8 N. Sancerre, 17
E. Aubigny. Pop. 1,603.
Lerba, see Lorbus.
Lerbach, X. Han., in Gottingen. Pop. 993.
L'Erba, see Tezzouti.
Lerenza, X. New Grenada ; 25 N. Tunja.
Lerge, X. Sweden, in West Gothland; 4 N.
Gottenburg. Leria, or Lera, isl. on the coast of Natolia, 18
m. in circ; 6 leagues SSE. Patmos.
Lerici, X. Genoa ; 4 SW. Sarsana. Pop. 2,000.
Lerida, (an. IlerdaJ X. Spain, in Catalonia, on
the Segre ; 62 E. Saragossa, 68 W. Barcelona.
Lon. 0.25. E. Lat. 41. 29. N. Pop. 16,818. Bp.
see. It is beautifully situated on the slope of a
hill, but the streets are narrow, crooked, and ill
paved. It contains 4 parish churches, 16 con
vents, a hospital, and a theological college. It
had a university, once in repute, but it was sup
pressed by Philip V.
Lerika, X. Lapland ; 100 NW. Tornea.
Lerillon, small island in the Grecian Archi
pelago, near north coast of the island of
Lero. Lerin, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 15 E. Estella.
Lerins, name given to 2 small islands in the
Mediterranean, near the coast of France, about
6 S. Antibes, called St. Marguarite, and St. Ho-
norat, with some very small islands near.
Lerma, X. Spain, in Old Castile, on the Arlan
za ; 23 S. Burgos. Pop. 3,000.
Lerma, X. Mexico, in Yucatan ; 12 S. Cam
peachy. Lerma, X. Mexico ; 25 WSW. Mexico.
Lermosz, v. Tyrol, where it is said foe empe
ror Lotharius II. died in a peasant's hut ; 12
SSE. Reite.
Lema, now Molini.
Lerneb, X. Algiers ; 20 S. Tipsa.
Lero, or Lirius, (an. LerosJ island in the Gre
cian Archipelago, about 8 miles long, and two

LES

916

LES

broad. Lon. 26. 35. E. Lat 37. 12. N. Pop.
2,000 Greeks.
Lerona, X. Popedom, in the Orvietan ; 7 NW.
Orvieto. Lens, isl. in the Archipelago, S. of Patmos.
Le-Roy, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y.; 12 E. Bata
via, 246 W. by N. Albany, W. 383. Pop. 2,61 1.
Le Roy, X. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 123.
Lenadilla, X. Spain, in Leon ; 12 SE. Civdad
Rodrigo. Lers, r. France, which runs into the Garonne,
near Toulouse.
Lers, x. FraYice, which runs into the Rhone,
near Beaucaire.
Lerwick, s-p. Scot., chief place of the island of
Shetland. Lon. 1.18. W. Lat. 60. 13. N. Pop.
1,706. It is situated on E. coast, and is the gen
eral rendezvous of the fishing vessels from Brit
ain, Holland, Denmark, fac
Lery, x. Wales, in Cardigan, which runs into
foe Irish sea, 5 N. Aberystwith.
Les, x. France, which runs into foe Mediter
ranean, Lon. 4. E. Lat. 43. 31. N.
Lesa, i . Naples, which runs into the Nero, 5
W. Cerenza.
Lcsara, small island in the Baltic, E. of Aland.
Lon. 20. 19. E. Lat 60. 18. N.
Lesbos, see Metelin.
Lescano, X. Spain, Guipuscoa ; 9 SSW. Tolosa.
Lescar, X. France, in Lower-Pyrenees; 3NW.
Pau, 18 SE. Orthez. Pop. 1,848. Before the re
volution, bp. see.
Lesche, r. Ger., which runs into the Meuse,
near Dinant.
Lescheres, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 9 S.
Joinville. Lesciver, X. Persia, Irak ; 101 W. Hamadan.
Lesczyn, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 24 N. Berdiczow.
Leser, or Lesser, x. Germany, which rises near
Kerpen, and runs into the Moselle, 3 m. above
Berncastle. Lesewilz, X. Prussia, 5 NNE. Marienburg.
Lesignan, X. France, Aude ; 11 W. Narbonne,
17 E. Carcassone. Pop. 1,410.
Lesegny sur Creuse, X. France, in Vienne ; 3
SSE. La Guerche, 9 E. Chatellerault
Lesina, (an. Pharos, ox PhariaJ island in foe
Adriatic, 48 miles long, and 8 wide. Lon. 17. E.
Lat. 43. 0. N. Great quantities of different kinds
of marble are found on the island. The high
parts are in general rocky and barren ; others
are fertile, and feed a great number of sheep.
The principal productions are wine, oil, figs, al
monds, saffron, honey, aloes, oranges, wool,
cheese, and salt. Salt fish is the principal arti
cle of commerce. Lesina is the capital. Pop.
13,817. Sq. m. 384.
Lesina, X. on foe island of the same name, in
the Adriatic ; 20 S. Spalatro. Lon. 16. 50. E.
Lat. 43. 5. N. Pop. above 1,200. It is the see
of a bishop, and residence of a governor. It is
surrounded with wulls, and has a large and se
cure harbour, but little frequented.
Lesina, X. Naples, in Capitanata ; Bp. see ; on
a lake which communicates with the Adriatic ;
26 NW. Manfredonia, 84 NNE. Naples. Lon.
14.30. E. Lat. 41. 59. N.
Lesina, lake, Naples, in Capitanata, near the
Adriatic ; 20 NW. St. Angelo.
Leskau, t. Bohemia, in Pilsen ; 7 E. Plau.

Lesken, t. Prussia ; 6 NNW. Marienburg.
Leskirch, X. Transylvania ; 14 W. Fogaras.
Lesknitz, or Lesnitz, X. Silesia, in Oppeln ; 18
SE. Oppeln, 20 N. Ratibor. Lon. 13. 6. E. Lat.
50. 25. N. Pop. 803.
Lesko,'X. Aust. Galicia; 48 S. Lemberg.
Leskovatz, X. Eu. Turkey, Bulgaria ; 84 WNW.
Sophia. Leslio, X. Scot, in Fifeshire, on the Leven; 4
S. Falkland. Pop. 1,609. It is considerable for
its manufactures.
Lesmahagoe, X. Scot., in Lanerkshire ; 6 SW.
Lanerk, 12 S.Hamilton. Pop.of the village, 500;
of the parish, 4,404. Near it are the ruins of
Craignethan, or Draffin castle, anciently a seat of
the Hamiltons, where queen Mary found a short
asylum after her escape from Loch Leven.
Lesmont, X. France, in Aube ; 15 NE. Troyes,
17 NW. Bar sur Aube.
Lesneven, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, Finisterre ; 8 N. Landernau, 13 NE. Brest.
Lon. 4. 14. W. Lat. 48. 34. N. Pop. 2,030.
Lesney, X. France, in Jura ; 5 NW. Salins.
Lesnica, t Rus. Minsk ; 48 NE. Minsk.
Lesniczy-pierawoz, X. Rus. Minsk ; 56 E. Minsk.
Lesniow, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 18 S. Lucko.
Here John Casimir, king of Poland, in foe year
1651, defeated an army of Cosacs and Tartars.
Lesoandelor, X. A. Turkey, in Caramania ; 40
SSW. Cogni.
Leson, x. France, which runs into the Meuse,
opposite to Wiseppe.
Lesparre, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Gironde ; 5 NW. Blaye, 11 NNW. Bour
deaux. Lat. 45. 19. N. Pop, 818.
Lespaud, X. France, Creuse ; 6 NW. Evaux.
Lespineta, t. Naples, in Molise ; 5 S. Molise.
Lesso, fortress, Portugal, on the sea coast ; 6
NW. Oporto.
Lessan, see Lassan.
Lessard, t. France, in Sa6ne ; 7 NW. Louhans,
9 E. Chalons, sur Safine.
Lessau, X. Bav.; 6 ESE. Bayreuth.
Lessay, X. France, in Channel; UN. Cou-
tances, 12 WSW. Carentan. Pop. 1,500.
Lessen, or Aschen, X. Prassia ; 26 NE. Culm.
Lessines, X. Neth., in Hainaut, on the Dender,
celebrated for its linen manufacture; 13 SE.
Oudenarde, 23 WSW. Brussels. Fop. 3,644.
Lessee, isl. Denmark, in the Scaggerac ; 9 m.
long, and from 1 to 4 wide. Lon. 11. 8. E. Lat.
57. 17. N. It contains a few villages, and round
about the coasts are several islets. It is about
12 miles from the coast of Jutland, and 25 from
Norway, Pop. 1,563.
Lessoe, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus ; 145 NNW.
Christiania. Lessonilz,X. Bohemia, Kaurzim ; 8 SE. Prague.
Lesterp, X. France, in Charente ; 5 E. Confo
lent, 8 NNW. St.Junien.
Lestano, X. Italy, in the Friuli ; 15 W. Udina.
Lesti, X. Finland, in Wasa ; 54 E. Jacobstadt
Lestignano, X. Tuscany ; 17 S. Volterra.
Lestoff, see Lowestoff.
Lestre, X. France, Channel ; 5 E. Valognes.
Lestwithiel, X. Eng., in Cornwall, supposed by
Camden and Borlace to be the ancient Uxella;
by the Britons called Pen Uchel Coed ; 31 ENE.
Truro, 230 WSW. London. Lon. 4.33.W. Lat.
60. 25. N. Pop. 825. It is situated on the river

LEV

917

LEV

Fowey ; but the river is now choakcd up, and
the trade of the town, which was once flourish
ing, is now in a state of decay. It sends two
members to parliament.
Leswalt, X. Scot', in Wigton ; 4 NNW. Stran-
rawer. Leszaisko, X. Aust. Galicia ; 28 NW. Przemysl.
Leta, r. Popedom, in Ancona, which runs into
the Adriatic, Lon. 13. 15. E. Lat. 43. 8. N.
Letac, cape on W. coast of the isl. of Jersey ;
6 NW. St. Aubin.
Letota, t Finland, in Abo ; 30 NNW. Abo.
Letart, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 410.
Letava, X. fa castle, Hungary ; 10 E. Bolesko.
Lethtzus, now Jeropotamo.
Lethais, X. Mingrelia, on the Black sea ; 10 N.
Anarghia. Letham, X. Scot., in Angus, with a market ; 5
E. Forfar.
LetAe, r. Ger., which runs into the* Hunte, 2
miles from Oldenburg.

Lethe, now Lima.

*

Lethendy, X. Scot., Perth ; 6 WNW. Coupar.
LetAera, t Hind., in Sumbulpour; 16 WNW.
Sujnbulpour. . r
Lethraberg, or Ledreborg, t. Denmark, in the
island of Zealand ; 4 SW. Roeschild.
Leti, small island in the E. Indian sea, near
the island of Timor. Lon 127. 15. E. Lat.
8. 28. N.
Letting, X. Brandenburg , 5 E. Custrin.
Letna, r. Russia, which runs into the Viatka,
at Podrelskoi.
Leto, x. which rises in the marquisate of An
cona, and runs into the Adriatic, 3 E. Fermo.
Letschkom, or Odisch, t A. Turkey, and capi
tal of Mingrelia ; 60 N. Cotatis. It is foe resi
dence of the Dadian or chief, and the see of a
Greek archbishop.
Letter, or Leiterbach, X. Bavaria ; 11 N.Bam
berg. Letkre, X. Naples, Principato Citra ; Bp. see ;
12 WNW. Salerno. Lon. 14.20. E. Lat. 40. 43.
N. Pop, 3,017.
Letterhout, X. Flanders ; 6 W. Alost.
Letterkenny, X. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,820.
Letterkenny, X. Ireland, Donegal, on the Swil-
ly; 15 SW. Londonderry, 20 NNE Donegal.
Lettonla, pr. Russia, now included in the go
vernment of Riga.
Letlowilz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 20 NNW.
Brunn. Pop. 1,522. Here is the largest cotton
manufactory in Moravia.
Letz, r. France, which runs into the Rhone, a
little below Pont St. Esprit.
Letzkaw, X. Prussia, on the Vistula; 13 SE.
Dantzic. ' hitznig, X. Holstein ; 6 SSW. Segeberg, 6 NW.
Oldeslohe. Leva, x. Sicily, which runs into the sea, 11
NW. Sacca.
Levalzui, x. Servia, which runs into the Mo-
rava, 6 WNW. Parakin.
Levanghe, small island near E. coast of Istria.
Lon. 13. 52. E. Lat. 45. 1. N.
Levant, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 7 NW.
Bangor, W. 700. Pop. 143.
Levant, properly signifies the quarter where
tbe sun rises ; but is generally applied to the
coasts of Asia, along foe Mediterranean, and

especially Asiatic Turkey, from Alexandria in
Egypt to the Black sea, and including the isls.
of Cyprus, Rhodes, and the Archipelago.
Lecont, or Titan, one of the Hieres islands, in
foe Mediterranean, near the coast of France.
Lon. 6. 34. E. Lat. 43. 4. N.
Levanto, X. Genoa, on the coast of the Medi
terranean ; 6 S Brugnetto, 8 W. Spezza.
Levanzo, (an. BueinnaJ small isl. in the Med
iterranean, near W. coast of Sicily, about 9 W.
Trapani. Lon. 12. 24. E. Lat. 38. 5. N.
Levarlow,X. Poland, Lublin ; 40 SSW. Lublin.
Levascheva, X. Russia, in Olonetz, on W. coast
ofthe lake Latcha; 16 SSW. Kargapol.
Levata, desert country of Africa, between
Egypt and Berdoa.
Leubitz, X. Hungary ; 8 S. Podolicz.
Leubus, X. Silesia, in Wohlau, on foe Oder,
near which is a celebrated Cistertian abbey; 8
SSE. Steinau, 9 SW. Wohlau. Pop. 380.
Leucarum, now Glastonbury.
Leucadia, fa Leucate, see St. Maura.
Leucas, X. Acarnania, on the Isthmus which
joined the peninsula of Leucadia to the main
land. Leucate, X. France, in Aude ; 17 S. Narbonne.
Lon. 3. 7. E. Lat. 42. 54. N. Pop. 647. It is re
markable for a siege, which it endured in the
year 1637, against the Spaniards, who were de
feated by marshal Schomberg ^ the fortifications
have been demolished. It is situated on north
side of a large lake, to which it gives name.
Leucate, lake, France, which takes its name
from the town so called, and discharges itself
into the Mediterranean, by two streams. It is
situated partly in Aude, and partly in Eastern-
Pyrenees. Leuchars, X. Scot, Fifeshire, near the German
ocean ; 6 N. St. Andrews. Pop. 1,687.
Leuchtenberg, t. Bavaria ; 36 E. Nuremberg^
39 N. Ratisbon. Lon. 12. 11. E. Lat. 49. 35. N.
Pop. 406.
Leuchtenberg, t. Ger.; 4 NE. Orlamunda.
Leuchtenberg, see Leutenberg.
Leuchtershausen, X. Bav.; on the Atmuhl; 7
W. Anspach, 87 SSE. WurzDul"g- PoP- 70°-
Leucosia, isl. in the gulf of Salerno, Naples.
Leuctra, now Livadosta.
Levek, see Cambodia.
Leven, x. Scot., which runs from Loch Lo
mond, and falls into the Clyde, near Dunbarton.
Leven, r. Scot, which runs from Loch Leven
into the bay of Largo.
Leven, X. Scot., in Fifeshire, on N. coast of
the Frith of Forth, in Largo bay, at the mouth
of the river Leven ; 13 NNE. Leith. Lon. 3. 1.
W. Lat. 56. 12. N. Pop. 1,132.
Leven, r. Eng., in the county of Lancaster,
which passes through Winander Mere, and emp
ties itself into the Morecambe bay.
Levenant, x. Wales, which runs into the Dovy,
about 1 mile below Machynleth.
Levenen, or Livenen, ox Levonlina, valley,
Switz., belonging or subject to the canton of
Uri, foe seat of the ancient Lepontii, S. of St.
Gothard ; the inhabitants are chiefly Italians.
It is watered by the Tesino.
Leuenforde, X. Han., Calenberg, on the Weser;
25 WNW. Gottingen.
Levenny, i. Wales, in Denbigh, which runs
foe Clwyd, near Ruthin.

LEU

918

LEW

Levens, or Leva, ox Levenez, X. Hungary, near
foe river Gran ; 24 NNE. Gran, 84 E. Vienna.
Here the Turks were defeated in the year 1664,
by general Souches, a Frenchman. The loss of
the Turks was 12,000 killed, and 1,500 prisoners,
with 100 colours, 2,000 waggons, 200,000 se
quins, 20 pieces of cannon, and abundance of
provision, ammunition, and baggage.
Leuenstede, X. Holstein ; 2 S. Rendsburg.
Leventen, lake, Pru.; 56 SE. Konigsberg.
Levenworth, X. Crawford co. Indiana, on a
north bend of the Ohio ; 2 W. Big Blue River,
13 S. Salem, 14 W. Corydon, 39 W.Louisville,
W. 660.
Lever, (Darcy, Great, and Little,) three popu
lous townships, Eng., Lancashire, in the neigh
bourhood of Bury. Pop. 2,263.
Laverano, X. Naples, Otranto ; 7 N. Nardo.
Leverett, p-t. Franklin co. Mass.; 10 SSE.
Greenfield, 85 WNW. Boston, W. 400. Pop. 857.
Level, X. France, in Cher; 6 S. Bourges.
Leugast, X. Bavaria ; 34 ENE. Bamberg.
Levie, X. Corsica ; 13 NW. Porto Vecchio.
Levieian, X. Persia, Irak ; 36 WSW. Ispahan.
Leviers, X. France, in Doubs ; 9 S. Ornans, 10
W. Pontarlier. Pop. 1,048.
Levignac, t France, Upper-Garonne ; 8 SSW.
Grenade, 11 WNW. Toulouse.
Levignac, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne ; 8
N. Marmande.
Levita, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 8 m.
in circ. Lon. 26. 14. E. Lat. 37. N.
Levizano, X. Italy, in Modena ; 6 SSE. Mode
na. Pop. 2,200.
Leuk, X. Switz., in Valais, 1 mile from the
RhOne; 20 E. Sion. It contains 2 churches ; 6
6 miles N. are some celebrated baths, said to
be beneficial in rheumatism, diseases of the
skin, fac.
Levkopol, t. Russia, in Tauris ; 80 S. Perekop.
Lon. 34. 24. E. Lat 45. 6. N.
Leulinghem, v. France, in Straits-of-Calais,
midway between Calais and Boulogne; remark
able for a conference held here in 1389, for an
accommodation between France and England,
which continued 9 days: and another conference
in 1401, on restoring the dower of the queen
of Richard II. In 1413, a third conference was
held on the business of peace in the reign of
Henry V.
Leun, or Lein, X. Pru. Coblentz, on the Lahn ;
2 N. Braunfels,4 NE. Weilburg. Pop. 762.
Levonovk, X. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the Lena ;
52 SSW. Kirensk.
Leupusch, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 3 NW. Grotkau.
Leure, x. France, which runs into the Loire,
a little below St. Florent le Viel, in Mayne-slnd-
Loire. Levroux, X. France, in Indre ; 10 N. Chateau
roux, 17 E. Chatillon sur Indre. Lon. 1. 41. E.
Lat. 46. 59. N. Pop. 2,800.
Leulenberg, or Leuchtenberg, X. Germany, in
Schwartzburg Rudolstadt, on the Sorbitz ; 8
SE. Saalfeld, 12 SSE. Rudolstadt. Lon. 11. 35.
E. Lat. 50. 28. N. Pop. 750. Near it are mines
of silver and copper.
Leutersdorf t. Ger. ; 6 SE. Meinungen,
Leutershausen, X. Baden ; 9 E. Manheim.
Pop. 1,080.
Leulhen, X. Silesia, Breslau ; 10 W. Breslau.

Pop. 499. In 1757, the Austrians were defeated
near this place by the Prussians.
Leulkirch, X. Bavaria, near the Eschach, on a
heath to which it gives name ; 12 N. Isny, 28
S. Ulm. Lon. 10. 0. E. Lat. 47. 53. N. Pop.
1,800. It was free and imperial, till 1802.
Leutmeritz, see Leitmeritz.
Leutmischl, or Litomysl, X. Bohemia, in Chru
dim, 22 E. Chrudim, 76 E. Prague. Lon. 16. 5.
E. Lat. 49. 47. N. Pop. 4,653. It has manufac
tures of cloths and dye stuffs, with extensive
distilleries; and a gymnasium.
Leutsch, X. Carniola ; 8 SSE. Hydria.
Leutschau, or Leutsch, or Locze, X. Hungary,
cap. of Zips; 23 W. by S. Szeben, 34N. Caschau.
Lon. 19. 26. E. Lat. 49. N. Pop. 4,445. It is
pleasantly situated, irregularly built, and con
tains a Catholic church and gymnasium, and a
Lutheran church and gymnasium.
Leulzburg, X. Switz., in Berne ; 6 S. Brugg.
Leulzfudorf X. Bavaria ; 3 W. Rothenburg.
Leuv'u] x. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 38. S.
Leuze, X. Hainaut, on a brook, near the Den-
der; 8 E. Tournay, 14 NW. Mons.
Lewalde, X. Prussia, in Oberland ; 12 NNW.
Soldau. Lewarde, X. France, in North ; 3 E. Douay, 6
WNW. Bouchain.
Lewarden, or Leeuwarden, city, Neth., capital
of Friesland, situated in the quarter called Oos-
tergoo; 28 W. Groningen. Lon. 5. 43. E. Lat.
53. 12. N. Pop. 16,504. H. 1,900. It is situated
on the river Ee, surrounded by an earthern
mound and a moat or broad ditch. The streets
are straight and wide, intersected by canals.
The walls and banks of the canals are planted
with trees, and form delightful promenades,
and the environs are pleasant. The inhabitants
carry on considerable trade with Holland, Bre
men, Emden, Hamburg, fac.
Lewchew, see Loochoo Islands.
Lewckoce, X. Podolia ; 44 NNE. Kaminiec.
Lewehagen, X. Prussia ; 8 ESE. Konigsberg.
Lewen, X. Bohemia, Leitmeritz ; 8 NE. Leit
meritz. Lewen, see Low en.
Lewenz, or Leva, X. Hungary, in Barsch ; 8 E.
Barsch. Lon. 18. 37. E. Lat. 48. 13. N.
Lewes, X. Eng., in Sussex, on the Ouse, which
runs into the sea, 6 miles below, at Newhaven ;
45 E. Chichester, 51 almost due S. London.
Lat. 50. 52. N. Pop. 6,221. It formerly con
tained 12 parish churches, which are now re
duced to 6. Here was formerly a celebrated
monasteiy, founded in the year 1078. It is a
handsome town, and one of the largest and
most populous in the county. It sends two
members to parliament, and has a weekly
market on Saturday.
Lewestein, X. Prussia ; 16 NW. Rastenburg.
Lewin, X. Silesia, in Glatz ; 15 W. Glatz. Lon.
16. 4. E. Lat. 50. 14. N. Pop. 1,091.
Lewis, X. Essex co. Vt. ; 70 NE. Montpelier.
Lewis, co. N. Y. ; bounded NW. by Jefferson
co., NE. by St. Lawrence co., E. by Herkimer
co. S. by Oneida co., and W. by Oswego and
Jefferson cos. Pop. in 1810, 6,438 ; in 1820,
9,227. Chief town, Martinsburg.
Lewis, X. Essex co. N. Y., on N. side of Eliz
abethtown ; 156 N. Albany. Pop. 779.

LEX

919

LEX

Lewis, co. in NW. part of Va., 'formed in
1816, of a part of Harrison county. Pop. 4,247.
Lewis, co. Kentucky ; W. 489. Pop. in 1810,
2,357 ; slaves 284. Pop. in 1810, 3,973.
Lewis, island, or rather peninsula, among the
Western islands of Scotland, forming, with Har
ris, a large island, near 60 miles in length.
Lewis, which is the northern part, is 40 miles
in length from NE. to SW. and about 13 in its
mean breadth. It is on every part of its coast
greatly indented with bays or lochs. The coun
try is in general wild, bleak, barren of wood,
and little fitted for cultivation ; the hills are
covered with heath, which affords shelter for
various sorts of game. The lakes and streams
abound with salmon, large red trout, and other
fish. The only town in Lewis, is Stornaway.
The Gaelic prevails among the lower class of
people ; but in the schools the English lan
guage is principally taught. Lon. 6. 35. W. Lat.
58. 8. N. Pop. 13,942.
Lewis's Creek, r. Ken., which unites with
SW. fork of Sandy river.
Lewis's River, x. N. A., which rises in the
Rocky mountains, and runs NW. into the Co
lumbia, 413 miles from its mouth. Length about
900 miles.
Lewisburg, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa., on
W. side of the Susquehanna ; 7 NW. Northum
berland, W. 172, Here is a bridge across the
river. Lewisburg, X. Union co. Pa. Pop. 579.
Lewisburg, p-t. fa cap. Greenbriar co. Va., on
Greenbriar river; about 80 W. Lexington, 17
N. Union, 220 W. Richmond, W. 273.
Lewisburg, p-t. Muhlenburg co. Ken. ; W. 230.
Lewistown, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 30 W.
Wiscasset, 145 NE. Boston, W. 588. Pop. 1,312.
Lewistown, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y., on foe
Niagara, opposite to Queenstown; 27 N. Buf
falo, 7| S. fort Niagara, W. 461. Pop. 869. It is
pleasantly situated at the foot of a limestone
ridge, on the steep bank of the river. The vil
lage was burnt by the British, in ,1813, but has
since been, rebuilt, and is flourishing.
Lewistown, bor. fa cap. Mifflin co. Pa., on the
Juniatta; 56 NW. Harrisburg, 162 WNW. Phil
adelphia, W. 154. Pop. 773. It is regularly laid
out, and contains a court house, a jail, a mar
ket house, a bank, and has considerable trade.
Large quantities of wheat are annually export
ed from this place.
Lewistown, p-t. Sussex co. Delaware, on
Lewes creek, 3 miles from its entrance into
Delaware bay ; 3 WNW. Cape Henlopen light
house, 112 S. Philadelphia, W. 150. It has an
elevated and pleasant situation, and contains
an academy, a Presbyterian and a Methodist
meeting house, and nearly 100 houses. It was
formerly the seat of justice for the county.
Here are salt works about 10,000 feet in extent,
for the purpose of manufacturing salt by the
sun. They are esteemed a curiosity.
Lewisville, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. ; W. 202.
Lewisville, p-v. Chester co. S. C. ; W. 487.
Lexawacsein, see Lackawaxen.
Lexen, X. Moravia, in Olmutz ; 18 NW. Ol
mutz. Pop. 357.
Lexington, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 1 1 NW.
Boston, W. 449. Pop. 1,200. An academy was

incorporated here in 1822. This town is famous
for being the place where hostilities commenc
ed between Great Britain and America, April
19, 1775. A stone monument, with an inscrip
tion, is erected on the ground where the battle
was fought.
Lexington, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. ; 48 SW.
Albany, W. 358. Pop. 1,798. It contains two
post villages, Lexington and Lexington Heights.
Lexington, p-t. fa cap. Rockbridge co. Va., on
N. branch of James river; 36 SSW. Staunton,
38 NNW. Lynchbnrg, 150 W. Richmond, W.
209. It is a handsome town, finely situated,
and contains a court house, a jail, a female
academy, a Presbyterian meeting house, a col
lege, and upwards of 100 dwelling houses.
Near the town is an arsenal belonging to the
state of Virginia, containing 20,000 muskets for
the use ofthe militia in the western part ofthe
state. The surrounding countiy is fertile and
well cultivated.
Washington college, at this place, was ori
ginally incorporated as an academy, in 1782,
under the name of Liberty Hall academy ; and
in 1813, it was eracted into a college, called
Washington college, from Gen. Washington,
who presented to the institution 100 shares in
the James river canal, amounting to $20,000.
This stock for a number of years was unproduc
tive, but since the late war, it has become very
valuable, and by an arrangement with the legis
lature, in 1820, the stockholders are to receive
12 per cent, per annum. There are 2 college
buildings of brick, 60 feet by 20, of 2 stories, a
steward's house, and a refectory. In addition
to these buildings, the trustees contemplate
erecting a large college edifice. The college
has a philosophical apparatus, and a library of
about 2,000 volumes. The board of trustees
consists of 20 members. Tbe executive gov
ernment is entrusted to a president, who is also
professor of belles lettres and mathematics; a
professor of natural philosophy and astronomy,
a professor of languages, and one tutor. The
number of students is usually from 40 to 50.
There is a grammar school connected with the
college. Lexington, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. ; W. 359.
Lexington, district, central part of S. C. Pop.
in 1810,6,641 ; slaves 1,911. P. in 1820,8,083*
Lexington, p-t. fa cap. Fayette co. Ken. ; 22
ESE. Frankfort, 74 E. Louisville, 85 S. Cincin
nati, W. 552. Lon. 85. 8. W. Lat. 38. 16. N.
Pop. in 1810, 4,226 ; in 1820, 5,267. It is situ
ated on Town Fork, a small stream which falls
into the south branch ofthe Elkhorn. It is reg
ularly laid out, and contains a court house, a
jail, a hospital, 2 market houses, a theatre, a
masonic hall, a museum, a public library of
6,000 vols., a female academy 'having in 1822,
5 teachers and 160 pupils, a university, 3 banks,
one of which is a branch of foe U. S. bank, 6
printing offices, from 4 of which is issued a
newspaper, and. 9 houses of public worship, 3
for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for
Baptists, 3 for Methodists, and 1 for Roman
Catholics. Lexington has had a very rapid
growth. In 1797, it contained only about 50
houses. It is the largest town in Kentucky, and
one of the most wealthy and best built towns

LEY

920

LEY

in the western states. The houses are mostly
of brick, and the streets are paved and have
side walks ; the principal one is about 80 feet
wide. Near the centre of foe town is a public
square, surrounded with brick buildings.
This town contains various and extensive
manufacturing establishments, among which are
4 nail manufactories, 2 copper and tin manu
factories, 2 steam paper mills, a number of large
rope-walks, cotton and woollen manufactories,
distilleries, breweries, fac. — The site on which
the town is built is in a gently descending val
ley, which is one of the most fertile tracts in
the V. S. The climate is healthy and delight
ful, and in the vicinity there is a number of
handsome countiy seats. The surrounding
country is greatly admired for its rich and
beautiful scenery.
Transylvania university was incorporated
with the rank of a university in this town
in 1798, and was newly organized in 1818,
since which it has been very flourishing. There
are 2 college edifices of brick, one of which
is calculated lo accommodate 100 students.
|The library contains 6.000 volumes. The leg-
. islative government is entrusted to a board of
seventeen trustees. The university compri
ses 3 departments, 1st of law, with one pro
fessor ; 2d, of medicine, with 5 professors ; 3d,
of literature and general science, with 4 pro
fessors besides the president; 1 of natural phi
losophy, geography, chronology, and history, 1
of ancient languages, 1 of mathematics, and 1
of natural history and botany ; and 2 tutors.
Law students in 1822, 46 ; medical students
138 ; undergraduates 138 ; members of the pre
paratory school 62 ; total 383. Of the under
graduates 54 were irregular members, who
recited with the classes but were not candi
dates for degrees. Commencement is held on
the 2d Wednesday in July, after which there is
a vacation till the 1st of October.
Lexington, p-t. fa cap. Oglethorpe co. Geor
gia, on the Ogeechee ; 76 NW. Augusta, W. 649.
Pop. in 1810, 222. It contains a court house, a
jail, and an academy.
Lexington, (New,) p-t. Preble co. Ohio ; 19
W. Dayton, 85 W. Columbus, W. 413.
Lexington, (New,) p-t. Jefferson co. Indiana ;
J6 W. Madison, W. 606. It is a flourishing
town, and contains a printing office.
Lexouvii, now Lisieux.
Leyba, X. S. A., in New Grenada; 90 NNE.
Santa Fe de Bogota, 320 SSE. Carthagena.
Leyden, X. Franklin co. Mass. ; 5 NNW.
Greenfield, 100 WNW. Boston. Pop. 974.
Leyden, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. ; 33 N. Utica,
115 NW. Albany, W. 426. Pop. 1,812.
Leyden, (an. Lugdunum Balavorum, and Ca
put Germanorum,) city, Neth., S. Holland; 10
NE. Hague, 14 N. Rotterdam, 19 SW. 'Amster
dam. Lon. 4.29. E. Lat. 52. 9. N. Pop. in 1807,
30,686; in 1818,28,601. H. 3,017. It is'situated on
a small branch of the Rhine, in a district called
Rhynland, and is one of the largest and hand
somest cities in Holland, and inferior to none
in the spaciousness of its streets. It is situated
in a level, though pleasant and very fertile
tract, encompassed with gardens, meadows,
and rich pastures. The canals that traverse the

town form, by their various intersections, 8<f
petty islands, connected together by upwards
of 100 small bridges, partly of stone, but mostly
of wood. The principal streets are broad, well
paved, and kept clean. The houses are mostly
of brick, built with foe gable ends to the street,
and some of them are 5 or 6 stories high. Both
the public and private buildings have an air of
neatness and elegance.
The stadthouse is a magnificent structure, sur
mounted by a number of spires, and contains a
valuable collection of paintings. The city con
tains 17 churches, several hospitals, and a uni
versity, accounted the first in Holland, and
was formerly very celebrated, and said to have
been once attended by 2,000 students. It was
founded in 1575, and has cherished many emi-
nentscholars. It has avaluable botanic garden, a
cabinet of natural histoiy, an anatomical theatre,
an observatory, and a library, containing 40,000
printed vols, and 10,000 MSS. It has 21 pro
fessors, 4 of theology, 4 of law, 4 of medicine,
4 of philosophy, and 5 of languages. The lec
tures are given in Latin. The number of stu
dents in 1819, was about 300.
The woollen and linen manufactures, for
merly the great source of wealth to the city,
have now declined ; but the manufactures of
soap and indigo are still considerable, and the
yearly fair is much frequented.. The printing
of classical books was formerly a great branch
of trade, but is now much reduced. — Leyden
sustained a tremendous seige against the Span
iards in 1575, during which 6,000 persons died
of famine,— Natives, John of Leyden, I. Vos-
sius, and Muschenbroek.
Leyden, small isl. in the E. Indian ocean,
near the coast of Java, in sight of Batavia.
Leyden, small isl. in the gulf of Manar, near
W. coast of Ceylon ; 12 W. Jaffnapatam.
Leyden, small isl. in the bay of the Pacific
ocean, on N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 135.
39. E. Lat. 3. 58. S.
Leyden, X. Prussia ; 27 SSE. Konigsberg.
Leyland, X. Eng., Lancashire; 6 S, Preston.
Pop. 2,646.
Leymen, or Leinen, X. Baden ; 8 S. Heidel
berg. Leynbach, i . Ger., which rises 2 S. Eppingen,
and runs into the Neckar, 3 miles below Hcil-
bronn. Leypa, or Lippcy, or Lieppa, X. Bohemia, in
Leitmeritz ; 20 NE. Leitmeritz ; 38 SE. Dres
den. Lon. 14. 43. E. Lat 50. 39. N. Pop. 4,918.
Leyre, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 8 NE. Sanguesa.
Leyria, city, Portugal, in Estremadura ; 36 S.
Coimbra, 57 NNE. Lisbon. Lon. 8. 34. E. Lat.
39. 89. N. Pop. 4,500. H. 1,630. Bp. see. Here
is a glass house established by an Englishman.
On an eminence near the town, is an ancient
castle, built by the Moors.
Leyse, X. Prussia ; 18 NE. Heilsberg.
Leyssard, X. France, in Ain ; 5 W. Nantua.
Leyssena, X. Pru. ; 5 WNW. Bischofswerde'r.
Leyta, X. on N. coast of the isl. of Leyta, in a
bay. Lon. 124. 16. E. Lat. 11. 20. N.
Leyta, one of the Philippine islands, about
240 miles in circumference ; the soil is fertile,
and is said to yield 200 for one. The moun
tains abound in deer; cows, wild hogs, and

LIB

921

LIB

fowls ; foe eocoas grow without culture. The
air is pure and healthy, and more temperate
than at Lucon. The inhabitants are of a mild
and peaceable temper, and hospitable to stran
gers. They reckon about 9,000 who pay tri
bute in wax, rice, or clolh. Lon. 124. 40. E.
Lat. 10. 50. N.
Lezaisko, X. Aust. Galicia ; 66 WNW. Lem
berg. Lezamo, X. Spain, in Alaba ; 3 NE. Orduna.
Lezandritux, X. France, in North Coasts; 4
E. Treguier, 5 N. Pontrieu. Pop. 1,895.
Lezat, X. France, in Arriege ; 25 NW. Mire-
poix, 28 NNW. Tarascon. Pop. 2,524.
Lezav, X. France, in Two-Sevres ; 6 ENE.
Melle, 11 SE.St Maixent
Lezengo, X. Piedmont ; 4 NW. Coni.
Lezimd, part of the Apennines, between Gen
oa and Piedmont ; where, in 1796, the Aus
trians were defeated by the French.
Lezlingen, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 5 SSE. Gar-
deleben. Leznica, see Leesnitz.
Lezoux, X. France, in Puy-de-D6me; 7 WSW.
Thiers, 13 E. Clermont. Pop. 3,307.
Lgoii. t. Russia, in Kursk. Lon. 35. 54. E. Lat.
48. N. Pop. 336.
Lltota, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 6 SE.
Trautenau. Lhotka, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 14 W.
Konigingratz. Li, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-si; 40
SW. Tsin.
Liadova, X. Moldavia, on the Dniester ; 56
ENE.Choczim. Lialia, t. Russia, which runs into the Sosva,
in Ekaterinburg ; 40 E. Verchotura.
j LialPres, t. France, in Gers ; 3 S. Condom.
I Lialskoi, t. Russia, in Ustiug, on the Vim.; 48
E. Yarensk.
Liam, X. Lower Siam, on E. side of the gulf.
Lon. 102. 18. E. Lat. 12. 35. N.
Liamone, or Limone, x. Corsica, which runs
into the sea, 10 N. Ajazzo.
Liam-pp, see Ning-po.
Liamsa, t. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on the
coast of the White sea ; 36 NNW. Oneg.
Liancourt, t. France, in Oise ; 4 S. Clermont.
Pop. 960.
Lione, r. France, which runs into the sea,
near Boulogne.
Lianga, X. on E. coast of Mindanao. Lon.
126. 10. E. Lat. 8. 21. N.
Liang-chan, X. Corea ; 40 SSE. Kang-tcheou.
Liangdal, x. Sweden, which rises in the prov
ince of Harjedalen, and runs into the gulf of
Bothnia, near Sundswall.
Lian-tchuen, X. Corea ; 25 ENE. Haimen.
Liar Dsake, X. Thibet, about 30 m. in circum
ference. Lon. 90. 44. E. Lat. 34. 34. N.
Liart, t. France, Ardennes ; 12 SW. Rocroy.
Liba, X. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 10 E. Eger.
Lilian, t. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 12 ESE. Jung
Buntzlau. Pop. 149.
Libanus, or Lebanon, celebrated mountain,
Asia, on the confines of Palestine and Syria ;
about 100 m. in circumference. It has Meso
potamia E., Armenia N., Palestine S., and the
Mediterranean W. It is composed of four in-
closures of mountains, which rise one upon the
Vol. I. 116

other. The first is very fruitful in grain and.
fruits ; the second is very barren, abounding in
nothing but thorns, rocks, and flints ; the third,
though higher than this, enjoys a perpetual
spring, the trees being always green there, and
the orchards filled with fruit; in a word, it is so
agreeable and fertile, that some have called it a
Terrestrial Paradise. The fourth is so high, that
it is almost always covered with snow, so as to
be uninhabitable by reason of the great cold.
The greatest elevation is estimated at 9,620 feet.
A few specimens yet remain of those magnifi
cent cedars,for which it was once so celebrated.
Libatta, see Olibato.
Libau, s-p. Courland, on foe Baltic ; 66 W,
Mittau. Lon. 20. 55. E. Lat 56. 31. N. Pop.
4,500. The Lettonians call the town Leepaja.
In foe 15th and 16th centuries, this town was
very flourishing. The harbour is commodious
for small vessels, and the town has now con
siderable trade.
Liben, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; II N. Leit
meritz. Liben, X. Bohemia, Kaurzim ; 5 NE. Prague.
Libenau, X. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 4 E. Aycha.
Libenau,' see Lubbenau.
Liberan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
NE. coast of Borneo, on which are many deer.
Lon. 116. 8. E. Lat. 6. 2. N.
Liberga, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 26 E. Culm.
Liberhof X. Prussia ; 18 SSE. Dantzic.
Liberich, see Liedberg.
Libewalde, X. Prussia ; 20 S. Elbing.
Liberton, X. Scot., in Edinburghshire; 2 S.
Edinburgh. Pop. 4,033.
Liberton, X. Scot., Lanerkshire ; 7 E. Lanerk.
Liberty, X. Sullivan co. N. Y., on east side of
the Delaware. Pop. 851.
Liberty, X. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,027.
Liberty, X. Columbia co. Pa. Fop. 1,146.
Liberty, p-t. Bedford co. Va. ; 35 ESE. Fin-
castle ; 15 NW. New London, 150 W. Rich
mond, W. 234.
Liberty, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio ; W, 484.
Liberty, X. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,148.
Liberty, X. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 2,814.
Liberty, X. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 447.
Liberty, X. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 326.
Liberty, X. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 998.
Liberty, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,689.
Liberty, X. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 684.
Liberty, p-t. Casey co. Ken. ; W. 613. P. 38.
Liberty, p-t. Smith co. Ten. ; 20 S. Carthage,
W. 674.
Liberty, p-t. fa cap. Amite co. Mississippi ; 65
ESE. Natchez, W. 1,190. Lat. 31. 6. N.
Liberty, co. E. part of Georgia. Pop. in 1810;
6,228 ; slaves 4,808. Pop. in 1820, 6,695. Chief
towns, Riceborough and Suribury.
Liberty Hall, p-v. Morgan co. Georgia ; W.
720. Liberty, (West,) p-t. Ohio co. Va. ; 5 m. from
Ohio river, 8 Wellsburg, 12 NE. Wheeling, 20
W. Washington, Pa., W. 272. It contains a Pres
byterian meeting house, and about 30 dwelling-
houses. Libertytown, p-t. Frederick co. Md. ; 13 NE.
Fredericktown, W. 55.
Liberty Hall, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va. ; W. 224.
Liberty Hill, p-v. Kershaw, S. C. ; W. 467,

LIC

922

LIC

Libelen, X. Hungary ; 54 ENE. Leopoldstadt,
112 E. Vienna. Lat. 48. 47. N. Pop. 1,134.
Libilitz, X. Finland ; 55 ESE. Kuopio.
Libisch, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 2 NNW.
Leypa. Libischau, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 13 N.
Chrudim. Lible, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 13 ESE.
Konigingratz. Libnah, t. Palestine ; 15 WSW. Jerusalem.
Libobo, small isl. in the E.Indian sea, on SE.
coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128. 25. E. Lat. 10. 48. S.
Liboch, t. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 14 SE.
Leitmeritz. Libochowitz, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 8 S.
Leitmeritz. Pop. 1,100.
Libonali, X. Naples, in Principato Citra ; 4
ENE. Policastro.
Libongo, X. Africa, in Locango, on the Lufuna,
near the sea ; 50 SSW. Bombi.
Libora, now Talavera.
Libos, X. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the
Lot; 9 E. Monflanquin, 22 NE. Agen.
Libourne, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Gironde ; 5 posts E. Bourdeaux.
Lon. 0. 9. W. Lat. 44. 55. N. Pop 8,076.
Librala, x. Naples, which runs into the Adri
atic, Lon. 14. E. Lat. 42. 53. N.
Libshausen, X. Bohemia, Leitmeritz ; 15 SW.
Leitmeritz. Libun, X. Bohemia, in Buntzlau ; 16 NE. Jung
Buntzlau. Liburnnm, now Leghorn.
Liburnia, north province of ancient Illyricum.
Libya, now Barca, and part of Bikdulgerid.
The ancients extended this name to the whole
continent of Alrica.
Libyssa, see Gebizeh.
Licarabra, x. Spain, in Guipuscoa, which runs
into the Orlo, a little above Tolosa.
Licavo, X. Corsica ; 20 E. Ajazzo.
Licegnano, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf
of Gaeta, 2 NW. the Volturno.
LicA, t. Hesse Darmstadt, in Upper Hesse,
on the Wetter; 12 ESE. Wetzlar, 36 NE.
Mentz. Lon. 8. 49. E. Lat. 50. 31. N. Pop.
1,908. Lichaia, r. Rus., in the country of the Cosacs,
which runs into the Donetz, near Bistraia.
Li-chan, X. Corea ; 17 ESE. Het-sin.
Lichfield, or Litchfield, city, Eng., in Stafford
shire, on a small river, which runs into the
Trent, about 3 miles from the town ; 16 N. Bir
mingham, 18 NW. Coventry, 119 NW. London.
Lon. 1. 49. W. Lat. 52. 41. N. Pop. 5,022. H.
1,010. Bp. see, united with Coventry. It stands
in a fine valley, surrounded by gently rising
hills, has 3 or 4 principal streets, and is hand
somely built It contains a cathedral, 3 other
churches, a market house, a guildhall, a theatre,
a hospital, and a free grammar school. The
cathedral is one of the noblest in the kingdom,
41 1 feet long, with an elegant steeple 258 feet
high. The town has manufactures of horse-
sheetings and sail-cloth, and is famous for its
excellent ale. Market on Tuesday and Friday,
with 3 yearly fairs. It sends 2 member to par
liament. It is inhabited by many dignitaries of
the church and genteel families. — Native, Dr.
Samuel Johnson.

Lichstall, X. Switz., in Bile ; 7 SE. BAle.
Lichtemberg, X. France, in Lower-Rhine ; 19
WSW. Weissemburg, 22 NNW. Strasburg.
Lichtenau, t. Austria ; 12 W. Crems.
Lichtenau, t. Austria ; 6 SE. Aigen.
Lichtenau, X. Pru. Minden; 9 SE.Paderborn.
Lon. 8. 54. E. Lat. 51, 37. N. Pop. 1,079.
Lichtenau, X. Hesse Cassel ; 12 SE. Cassel.
Lon. 9. 24. E. Lat. 51. 12. N. Pop. 1,100.
Lichtenau, X. Baden ; 11 NNE. Willstadt, 12
NE. Strasburg. Pop. 960.
Lichtenau, X. Bav., with a fortress on the Re
zat ; 6 E. Anspach, 22 SW. Nuremberg. Lon
10. 12. E. Lat 49. 17. N. Pop. 800.
Lichtenau, isl. near W. coast of E. Greenland
Lon. 45. 15. W. Lat. 60. 30. N.
Lichtenau, X. Prussia ; 12 NE. Heilsberg.
Liehtenberg, X. Prussia ; 50 SW. Dantzic.
Lichtenberg, X. Ger. ; 8 SE. Meinungen.
Liehtenberg, X. Pru. Treves ; 9 WSW. Laute
reck, 25 N. Deux Ponts.
Lichtenberg, X. Silesia, in Neisse ; 3 NNWt
Grotkau. Lichtenburg, X. Bav., on the Selnitz ; 22 N.
Bayreuth, 26 E, Coburg. Lon. 11.48. E. Lat.
50. 22. N. Pop. 684. In the neighbourhood are
quarries of marble, and mines of copper and
iron. Lichtenberg, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 5 SSE.
Freyberg. LichtenbUrg, X. Saxony ; 6 SW. Annaburg.
Lichteneck, X. Carniola ; 10 ESE. Stein.
Lichtenfels, X. Austria, on the Kamp; 7 E.
Zwetl. Lichtenfels, X. Bav., on the Maine ; 12 WNW.
Culmbach, 20 NE. Bamberg. Lon. 11.8.E. Lat.
50. 10. N. Pop. 1,625.
Lichtenfel, X. Prussia, in Pomerelia ; 12 ESE.
Marienburg. Lichtenhagen, X. Prussia; 8'SSW. Konigsberg.
Lichlenhanna, X. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 4 SW.
Zwickau. Lichtenhayn, X. Sax., Meissen ; 4 E. Pirna.
Lichtensladt, X. Bohemia ; 5 N. Carlsbad.
Pop. 1,000.
Lichtensteig, t. Switz., in St. Gall, on foe
on the Thur; 21 S. Constance, 27 E. Zurich.
Lon. 9. 6. E. Lat. 41. 17. N.
Lichtenstein, or Liechtenstein, principality,
Ger., on E. side ofthe Rhine, S. of lake Con
stance, and between Pludentz, in Tyrol, and
Switzerland. It is the smallest independent
state in Germany. Pop. 5,546. Sq.m. 53. Chief
town, Vadutz.
Lichtenstein, v. Austria ; 2 NW. Modling.
Lichtenstein, X. Saxony, and principal place of
a lordship belonging to the counts of Schon-
biirg ; 5 NE. Zwickau, 36 S. Leipsic. Lon. 12.
31. E. Lat 50. 44. N. Pop. 2,200. '
Lichtentanen, X. Bav. ; 7 NW. Bayreuth.
Lichtenvoord, X. Holland, in Zutphen ; 6 SSW.
Groll. Pop. 2,520.
Lichlenwald, X. Stiria; 12 SE. Cilley. P. 556.
Lichtenwalde, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg ; 3 SW.
Frankenberg. .
Lichtenwalt, t. Prussia ; 23 NW. Heilsberg.
Lichtenwart, X. Austria ; 5 NNE. Zistersdorf. ' «
Li-chui, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang- '
nan ; 25 SE. Nan-king.
Uchvin, X. Russia, in Kaluga, on the Oka ; 28 »

LID

923

LIE

S.Kaluga. Lon. 35.44. E. Lat.54.N. P. 1,171.
Chh. 5.
Lichwe, t. Bohemia, in Konigingratz; 6 W.
Geyersberg. Licio, one ofthe smaller Lipari islands. Lon.
15. 20. E. Lat. 38. 54. N.
Lick, X. Prussia, in Gumbinnen, with a castle
- built in 1272 ; 80 SE. Konigsberg. Lon. 22. 38.
E. Lat. 53. 39. N. Pop. 1,817.
Licking, co. central part of Ohio. Pop. 11,861.
Chief town, Newark.
Licking, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 723.
Licking, X. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 710.
Licking, x. Kentucky, which runs NNW. into
the Ohio at Newport. It is 200 miles long, and
navigable for boats 70 miles.
Licking Creek, r. Pa., which runs into the Po
tomac, 7 miles below Hancock, in Md.
Licking, x. Ohio, which rises in Licking co.,
runs E., and empties itself into the Muskingum,
opposite to Zanesville. Near its mouth, and 4
miles above, are falls, which afford many valu
able mill seats.
Licking Station, p-v. Floyd co. Ken ; W. 599.
Licky, x. Ireland, in Waterford, which runs
into the Blackwater, 4 N. Youghal.
Licknena, X. Spain, Aragon; 18 SSW.Huesca.
Licodia, X. Sicily, in Noto ; 18 SW. Lentini.
Liconda, X. Africa, in Tripoli, on the sea coast.
Lon. 18. 10. E. Lat. 30. 36. N.
Liconia, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana ; W. 668.
Licostamo, X. Eu. Turkey, Thessaly ; 16 ESE.
Larissa. Bp. see.
Liequed, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais ; 10 S.
Calais, 13 ENE. Boulogne. Pop. 1,310.
Licus, now LecA.
Lies, t. Aust. Galicia ; 30 W. Przemyl.
Lid, see Lydd.
Lid, or Lyd, x. Eng., which runs into the Ta-
mar, 4 NNW, Tavistock.
Lida, x. Sweden, which runs into the Wenner
lake, at Lidkioping.
Lida, t. fa castle, Russia, in Wilna ; 48 S.
Wilna, 168 ESE. Konigsberg. Lon. 25. 35. E.
Lat. 53. 52. N.
Liddel, r. Scot., which rises in Roxburgshire,
and joins foe Esk, 3 S. Longbolm, in Dumfries
shire. The valley in which it flows is called
Liddesdale, or Lithdale.
Lidden, r. Eng., which runs into the Severn,
at Gloucester.
Liden, X. Sweden, Angermannland ; 60 NNW.
Hernosand. Lidens, t. Sweden, in Medelpadia ; 24 NNW.
Sundswall. Lidford, v. Eng., in Devonshire, near the for
est of Dartmoor ; 28 W. Exeter. It was formerly
a town, fortified, surrounded with walls, and
moated. Here is an ancient castle, in which
the courts are held for the duchy of Cornwall,
and offenders against the stannary laws used to
he confined in a dungeon, so dreary and dismal,
that it gave rise to a proverb, — Lidford law;
punish a criminal first, and try him afterwards.
It is said to be the largest parish in England, in
cluding almost the whole ot Dartmoor. The
village contains not above 15 houses, and the
situation is bleak and dreary.
Lidhult, X. Sweden, in Smaland ; 60 S. Jonki-
oping. Lon. 13. 14. E. Lat. 56. 50. N.

Lidlrioping,t. Sweden, in W. Gothland, on S.
side of the Wenner lake, at the mouth of the
Lida ; 42 ENE Uddevalla, 80 SW. Orebro. Lon.
12. 54. E. Lat. 58. 33. N. Pop. 1,552.
Lidney, X. Eng., in Gloucestershire ; 18 SW.
Gloucester, 118 W. London. The market is dis
continued. Pop! 820.
Lido di Malamocco, small isl. in the Adriatic,
defended by a fort ; 2 miles from Venice.
Lido di Padestrina, long isl. in the Adriatic,
with a fort to defend the city of Venice.
Lido di Sottomarino, X. on the isl. of Chioggia,
and as it were the suburbs of that city. Pop.
2,700. It is situated on a bank which separates
the lagunes from the sea ; and is protected by
a remarkable pier, called Molo di Palestrina; or
Murazzi, composed of Istrian freestone, thirty
two feet in thickness, and constructed at a vast
expense. Lids, small isl. in the Baltic, near S. coast of
Laaland. Lon. 11.20. E. Lat. 54. 41. N.
Lie, X. Arabia, in Yemen ; 20 S. Abu Arisen.
Liebou, X. Silesia, in Schweidnitz-, on the river
Schwartbach ; 22 S. Schweidnitz, 30 NW. Glatz,
Pop. 1,780.
Liebau, or Liebe, or Libowa, t. Moravia, in
Prerau ; 13 N. Prerau, 14 NE. Olmutz. Lon. 17.
28. E. Lat. 49. 3S. N. Pop. 1,378.
Liebe, see Lobau.
Liebefeld, X. Prussia ; 4 SSW. Deutsch Eylau.
Liebemuhl, X. Pru., in Marienwerder, on the
Liebe ; 76 SSW. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,033.
Liebenau, t. Bohemia, Buntzlau. Pop. 1,544.
Liebenau, X. Han., in Hoya, on the Aue; 7
SW. Nienburg. Pop. 1,435.
Liebenau, X. Stiria ; 3 SE. Gratz.
Liebenau, X. Silesia, Glogau ; 5 NW. Schwi-
busin, 48 WNW. Glogau. Lon. 15. 56. E. Lat
52. 25. N. Pop. 600.
Liebenau, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 3 N. Patschkau.
Liebenau, X. Hesse Cassel, on the Dime! ; 20
NW. Cassel, 27 W. Gottingen. Lon. 9. 22. E.
Lat. 51. 30. N. Pop. 527.
Liebengrund, X. Saxony, in Neustadt; 14 S.
Neustadt. Lon. 11,41. E. Lat. 50. 30. N.
Liebenow, X. Brandenburg ; 4 ESE. Reitz.
Liebenthal, X. Stiria ; 12 SE. Gratz.
Liebenthal, X. Bohemia, in Chrudim ; 13 E.
Hohenmaut. Liebenthal, or Lubenthal, X. Silesia, in Jauer ;
30 W. Jauer, 40 S. Sagan. Lon. 15. 37. E. Lat.
50,57. N. Pop. 1,117.
Liebenthal, X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 7 SW,
Stolpen. Liebenwald, X. Pru. Brandenburg, On the Ha- <
vel ; 8 NE. Oranienburg, 24 N. Berlin. Lon. 13.
30. E. Lat. 52. 53. N. Pop. 1,615.
Liebenwarda, X. Pru. Merseburg, on the Elster;
22 N. Meissen, 33 NNW. Dresden. Lon. 13. 26.
E. Lat. 51. 28. N. Pop. 1,384.
Liebenzell, or Zell, X. Wurtemberg, on foe Na-
gold ; 17 W. Stuttgart, 36 ENE. Strasburg. Pop.
969. Near it are two warm baths.
Leiberwolkwitz, X. Saxony, in Leipzig; 4 SE.
Leipzig. Pop. 657.
Lieberose, X. Lusatia; 17 W. Guben, 64 N.
Dresden. Lon. 14. 16. E. Lat. 52. N. Fop. 998.
Liebeten, X. Hungary ; 12 E. Vienna.
Lieblach, r. Swabia, which runs into the lake
of Constance, a little N. Bregentz.

LIE

924

LIE

Liebmuhl, X. Prussia, with a castle, built in the
year 1337 ; 35 SSE. Elbing, 66 SSW. Konigs
berg. Lat. 53. 42. N. Pop. 1,060.
Liebo See, lake, Brandenburg, in the Ucker
Mark ; S. of Dolgen See.
Liebschutz, X. Pru. Erfurt ; 2 S. Ziegenbruck.
Liebstadt, X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 8 SSW. Pir-
na, 14 SSW. Dresden. Pop. 435.
Liebstadt, X. Prussia, with a castle ; 32 SE.
Elbing, 48 SSW. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,407.
Liechen, or Lychen, X. Pru. Brandenburg ; 18
WSW. Prenzlow, 40 N. Berlin. Lon. 13. 24. E.
Lat. 53. 12. N. Pop. 1,127.
Liechstal, t. Switz., in Bale ; 7 SE. Bale.
Liederbach, r. Ger., which runs into the Fulda,
4 NW. Fulda.
Liefde Bay, bay on N. coast of Spitzbergen.
Lon. 12. 30. E. Lat. 79. 32. N.
Liefkenshoeck, fort, Flanders, on the left bank
of the Scheldt ; 10 miles below Antwerp.
Liege, (in German LuttichJ pr. Neth., bound
ed N. by Limburg, E. by the Prussian province
of the Lower Rhine, S. by Luxemburg and
France, and W. by Namur fa S. Brabant. Sq.
m. 2,183. Pop. 354,050, mostly Catholics. Itis
divided into four districts, Liege, Huy, Viviers,
and Marche. The aspect of the country is that
of an undulating plain, except in the south and
east, where it is hilly and covered with exten
sive forests. These parts border on the forest
of Ardennes, and partake of its rugged and bar
ren soil. The principal river is the Meuse ;
smaller ones are the Ourthe, Loose, & Semoys.
Most parts of the province are better adapted
to pasture than tillage. Cattle are raised in
great numbers, and it is here that foe well
known Limburg cheese is chiefly made. Con
siderable corn is produced, also a little wine,
resembling foe middling wines of Burgundy and
Champaigne. The mineral productions are im
portant, consisting of coal, alum, calamine,
some lead and iron : here are also the celebrat
ed mineral waters of Spa. The manufactures
are considerable, consisting of woollens, hard
ware, arms, fac. — Before the French revolution,
this country was subject to the bishop of Liege,
a member of the German body, but in 1792 it
was taken by France, and afterwards formed
the chief part of the departments of the Lower
Meuse, Ourthe, and Samber-and-Meuse ; by the
congress of Vienna, it was incorporated into the
kingdom of the Netherlands.
Liege, Luttich, or Luyk, city, Neth., capital of
the above province, on the Meuse ; 14 SSW.
Maestricht, 53 E. by S. Brussels. Lon. 5. 31. E.
Lat. 50. 39. N. Pop. in 1816, 45,9S3. H. 8,000.
Bp. see. It is situated in a pleasant valley, sur
rounded with cultivated hills; in this valley,
near the city, the Meuse is joined to the Loose,
Ourthe, and Ambleve. It is divided into Upper
and Lower Town, and has 10 suburbs. The
form of foe town is compact, being, exclusive
of its suburbs, only one mile long, &|iii. broad.
It contains 245 streets, 12 public squares, 1 cath
edral, 7 collegiate and 32 parish churches, 10
hospitals, a public library, and a university es
tablished in 1816. The town presents very dif
ferent appearances in different parts ; some
quarters have miserable streets, narrow, dirty,
.and thinly inhabited ; others have broad streets,

neat squares, quays, and promenades. In gen
eral, however, Liege is an ill built town, con
taining a number of gloomy streets and, lanes,
entirely destitute of that cleanliness and neat
ness which characterise most towns of the
Netherlands. The loftiness of the houses con
tributes not a little to their gloom-: bqt the
scenery of the environs is such as to counter
balance the gloom of the town, the ascent of
most of the hills being covered with vineyards,
while the lower grounds contain pleasant hop
gardens and cornfields. The inhabitants are
actively engaged in trade and manufactures.
The manufactures are various, consisting of ex
tensive iron works for cannon, muskets, nails,
clock work, fac, cloth, leather, also serge, lace,
earthenware, glass, vitriol, and yerdigrise.
Leignitz, government, Prussian Silesia, lying
north of the governments of Breslau and Reich
enbach, and including the former duchies and
principalities of Glogau, Sagan, Liegnitz, Karo-
lath, with a part of Jauer, and Upper Lusatia.
It is divided into 13 circles, viz. Lowenburg,
Buntzlau, Goldberg, Liegnitz, Luben, Glogau,
Sprottau, Sagan, Friestadt, Grunberg, Gorlitz,
Rothenberg, and Lauban. A great part of the
country is level ; the soil various, in many parts
fertile, but mostly sandy. Rivers, Oder, Sober,
Neisse, Queis, Schwartzwasser, and Katzbach.
Pop. 505,839. H. 92,500. Sq. m. 4,028.
Liegnitz, or Lignitz, X. Silesia, capital of a
government and a circle of the same name,
and one of the best towns in Silesia, on the
Katzbach ; 32 W. Breslau, 105 NE. Prague.
Lon. 16. 10. E. Lat 51. 11. N. Pop. 10,021.
H. 720. It contains 2 Catholic churches, 2 Lu
theran churches, a Lutheran gymnasium, and 3
hospitals. The old palace of the princes, though
within the town, is surrounded with a distinct
moat and high wall. The states of foe provinces
assembled here in a very stately stone edifice.
Liegnitz carries on a considerable trade in cloth
and madder, and is also one of the most ancient
towns in all Silesia.
Lien-chan, X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
tong ; 15 WSW. Tien.
Lien-chan-pou, X. Chinese Tartary ; 12 NNE.
Ning-yuen. Lien-kiang, X. China, of the third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 17 NE. Fou-tcheou.
Lien-ping, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-tong; 100 NE. Canton. Lon. 113. 53. E.
Lat. 24. 18. N.
Lien-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Quang-tong, on the river Lien-kiang, which
forms a convenient harbour for Chinese barks;
1,195 SSW. Peking. Lon. 108. 39. E. Lat. 21.
40. N.
Lien-tching, t. China, of the second rank, in
Fo-kien ; 22 ESE. Tingrtcheou.
Lientz, or Lintz, X. Tyrol, at the conflux of
the Isola and Drave ; 43 E. Brixen, 66 E. Tyrol.
Lon. 12. 45. E. Lat. 46. 45. N. Pop. 1,500.
Lieou-kieou, see Loochoo.
Lieou-tcheou, X. Corea ; 32 SE. King-ki-tao.
Lieou-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Quang-si, on the river Leng ; 1,037 SW. Peking.
Lon. 108. 47. E. Lat. 24. 12, N,
Lieou-tehing, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-si; 15 NW. Lieou-tcheou.

LIG

925

LIL

Lieou-yang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Hpu-quang ; 85 E„ Tchang-cha.
Ltepe, t Prussia, in Culm ; 14 ESE. Culm.
Dieppe, X. Prussia, in Oberland ; 8 Osterod.
Lien, or Lierre, X. Neth., in Antwerp, at the
conflux of the two Nethes ; 10 SE. Antwerp, 18
N. Louvain. Pop. 10,506. 8 churches, 1 hos
pital. It has manufactures of cotton and wool
len, and extensive distilleries and breweries.
Here the French attacked a post of the duke of
York, on the 28th of November 1795, but were
repulsed with loss.
¦Lierganes, X. Spain, in Biscay ; 10 SSE. San-
tander. Lieregno, X. Tyrol ; 7 E. Trent.
Xierno, t. Lucca ; 7 NNW. Lucca.
Liernais, t. France, in C6te-d'Or ; 10 NW.
Arnay le Due.
L}eser, see Liser.
Lieser, X. France, COte-d'Or; 10 NW. -Arnay
le Due
Liesle, X. France, Doubs ; 6 SSW. Quingey.
Liesse, x. France, which runs into the Sam-
bre, near Landrecy.
Liesse, or Notre Dame de Liesse, X. France, in
Aisne; 4 NW. Sissone, 7 ENE. Laon. Pop.
1,095.. Liesser, X. France, in Doubs ; 3 S. OrnansJ 7
NNW. Salins.
Liesses, X. Hainaut, on the Hespres ; 5 E.
Avesnes. Lieshorn, X. Pru. Munster ; 6 ESE. Stromberg.
Liettre, X. France, Straits-of-Calais ; 9 S. Aire.
Lietzen, X. Brandenburg ; 15 SW. Custrin, 3S
E. Berlin. Lon. 14. 30. E. Lat. 52. 28. N.
Lieu, r. or canal, Flanders, between Ghent
and Damme.
Lieure, X. France, in Straits-of-Calais; 11 S.
Calais. Lieuray, t. France, in Eure ; 7 S. Pont Au
demer. Pop. 1,600.
Lieuviller, t. France, in Oise ; 7 NNE. Cler
mont Li-fam-pao., X. Corea; 670 ENE. Peking.
Lon. 130. 32. E. Lat. 42. 28. N.
Liff, X. Scot, in Angus ; 4 NW. Dundee.
Liffamatula, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 25 m.
long, and. 6 broad. Lon. 126. 18. E. Lat. 2. S.
Liffey, x. Ireland, which rises in the moun
tains of Wicklow, and runs into the bay of
Dublin. Lifford, X. Ireland, in Donegal, on the Foyle,
on the borders of Londonderry ; 2 W. Strabane,
11 SSW. Donegal.
Liffre, X. France, Ille-and-Vilaine ; 4 SW. St.
Aubin du Cormier, 9 NE. Rennes. Pop. 2,096.
Ligani, X. Turkish Armenia ; 30 E. Ispira.
Ligardes, X. France, Gers ; 7 NE. Condom.
Liger, now Loire.
Light House Island, Mass., in Boston har
bour; 8 ESE. Boston. Here is a light house
built of stone.
Ligia, see Sorrento.
Lipsl, t. Stiria ; 3 SE. Voitsberg. Pop. 267.
Ligna, x. Hungary, which runs into the
Drave, 17 W. Ziget
Lignac, X. France, Indre; 11 SE. Le Blanc.
Ugnana, X. Piedmont; 6 WSW. Vercelli.
Ligne, X. Hainaut, on foe river Dender;'13
NW. Mons, 20 N. Valenciennes. Pop. 774.

Ligni, X. France, in Lower Loire,; 9 NW.
Ancenis. Ligni sur Usseau, t. France, in Vjenne; 6N.
Chatelleraut, 16 ESE. Loudun.
Lignerolks, X. France, Allier ; 4 S. Montlucon,
Ligneville, X. France, in Vosges ; 6 NW. Dar-
ney, 9 NE. Marche.
Ligniere, X. France, and seat of a tribunal, in
Cher ; 13 SSE. Issoudun, 24 S. Bourges. Lon.
2. 15. E. Lat. 46. 45. N. Pop. 1,215.
Ligniere la Doucelle, X. France, Mayenne;
12 N. Vilaine, 13 NW. Alencon. Pop. 2,656.
Ligniires Chatelain, t. France, in Somme ; 18
SW. Amiens.
Lignitz, see Liegnitz.
Lignon, X. France, in Marne ; 9 S. Vitiy la
Francois. Lignon, x. France, which runs into the Loire,
near Feurs.
Ligny, X. France, Meuse ; 9 SE. Bar le Due.
Pop. 2,815.
Ligney le Chateau, X. France, in Yonne ; 6 S.
St. Florentin, 9 NE. Auxerre. Pop. 1,250.
Ligonier, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa. ; W. 175.
Ligor, X. Asia, and once capital of a king
dom, now subject to Siam, situated on a river
of the same name. The Dutch haye a factory
here for tin, rice, and pepper. Lon. 100. 35. E.
Lat. 8. 18. N.
Ligor, or Tantalum, isl. at the entrance of
the gulf of Sianv of a triangular form, and
about 130 miles in circ. Lon. 100. 50. E. Lat.
8. 10. N.
Ligua, x. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 32. S.
Ligua, X. Chili, on the river so called ; 72
NNE. Valparaiso.
Liguanea, mt. Jamaica, near Kingston.
Ligueil, t. France, Indre-and-Loire ; 9 SW.
Loches, 21 S. Tours. Fop. 1,998.
Ligueux, X. France, in Dordogne ; 9 NNE.
Perigueux. Liguny, X. Samogitia; 44 E. Miedniki.
Liguria, NW. part of Italy, now Genoa, Par
ma, Piedmont, and Montferrat.
Liguslicus Sinus, now Gulf of Genoa.
Lilians, X. France, Somme ; 9 SSW. Peronne,
18 E. Amiens. Lat. 50. 15. N. Pop. 1,183.
Lika, co. fa pr. Dalmatia, or Austrian Cro
atia, bordering on the Adriatic, opposite to the
island of Pago.
Likava, X. Hungary ; 5 N. Rosenberg,
Likenas, X. Sweden, Warmeland ; 60 NNW.
Philipstadt. Li-kiang-lou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan, near the source of the river Yan-
gong-kiang; 1,150 SW. Peking. Lon. 100.8.
E. Lat. 26. 52. N.
Lila, t. Abyssinia, on the coast of the Red
sea; 48 SSE. Arkiko.
Lilen, X. S. A. in Popayan ; 15 SW. Cali.
Liliendal, X. Finland, Nyland; 15 NE. Borga.
Lon. 26. 3. E. Lat. 60. 23. N.
Lilienstein, huge rock on the side ofthe Elbe,
Saxony, in Meissen ; 1 NE. Konigstein.
Lilienthal, X. Han., Bremen, on the Worp ;
10 NNE. Bremen, 20 NNW. Verden. Pop. 409.
Li-lin, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang ; 40 SE. Tchang-cha.
Lille, or Lisle, city, France, capital of the

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dep. North ; 18 E. Tournay, 140 NNE. Paris.
Lon. 3. 5. E. Lat. 50. 38. N. Pop. 59,724. H.
11,284. Before foe revolution it was the capi
tal of French Flanders, situated in a rich and
marshy soil, surrounded with walls, and strong
ly fortified by Monsieur Vauban. The river
Deule crosses it, which, though small, is navi
gable. Few cities of France can vie with it in
the straightness and width of its streets, the
regularity of its buildings, and its general air of
neatness. The houses are generally of brick.
It contains 50 churches, 5 hospitals, a society
of literature and fine arts, a college of surgery,
a public library, a gallery of pictures, a botanic
garden, fac Though distant from the sea its
trade is extensive. It is one of the most consid
erable towns in France for manufactures, which
are very various, consisting of cloth, camlets, rat
teens, stuffs of silk and woollen, cotton, linen of
all qualities and designs, lace, ribbons, carpets,
hats, stockings, paper, soap, fac. There around
foe town above 200 windmills, used chiefly for
making oil of rapeseed. The citadel of Lille is
considered as one of the best works of Vauban,
and except Turin, the strongest in Europe.
Lilkbonne, X. France, in Lower Seine ; 7 W.
Caudebec, 16 E. Havre. Pop. 601.
Lillenfeld, v. and rich convent, Austria, on
the Trasen ; 14 S. St. Polten.
Lillers, X. France, Straits-of-Calais ; 6 WNW.
Bethune. Pop. 4,107.
Lillies-Uaf X. Scot., Roxburghshire ; 8 NW.
Jedburgh. Lillieshall, X. Eng., Shropshire. Pop. 2,060.
Lillo, X. Spain, New Castile ; 28 ESE. Toledo.
Lillo, v. fa fortress, Neth., Antwerp, on E.
side of the Scheldt; 9 NW. Antwerp, 12 S.
Berg-op-Zoom. Pop. 1,003. Its fortifications
are very regular, and its ramparts lined with
many pieces of cannon, to prevent vessels of
too large a size going up to Antwerp. It has
several houses in the fort, and different cabarets.
Lilly Point, p-v. King William co. Va.; W. 137.
Lillyput, t. N. Carolina, on Cape Fear river;
3 N. Brunswick.
Lilybaum, now Marsala.
Liloan, X. on E. coast of the island of Sibu.
Lon. 123. 45. E. Lat. 10. 40. N.
Lilundo, r. Africa, which rises in Congo, and
runs into foe Atlantic, Lat. 6. 35. S.
Lilsfeld, X. Bavaria ; 5 ENE. Volckach.
Lima, or Charleston, p-t Livingston co. N. Y. ;
IS W. Canandaigua, 225 W. Albany, W. 374.
Pop. 1,963.
Lima, intendancy, Peru, bounded north by
Truxillo, E. by Tarma and Guanca Veliea, S. by
Arequipa, and W. by the Pacific. The princi
pal districts are Chancery, Huarachiri, Lima,
Canta, Canete, lea, Pisco, and Nasca. In this
province rain is seldom or never known to fall
on the west side of the Cordillera, which runs
along its eastern side. On foe sea coast it is
very hot, but as the land rises towards the inte
rior the air becomes milder. The wealth ofthe
province consists in great part in the produce
of the mines of Tarma. The archbishopric of
Lima includes 4 bishoprics, Truxillo, Guaman
ga, Cusco, and Arequipa.
Lima, city, S. A. capital of Peru, 2 leagues
from the coast, 30 from the Cordilleras. Lon.

77. 7. W. Lat. 12. 3. S. Pop. in 1796, 52,637 ;
Spaniards 17,215 ; Negroes 8,960 ; Indians
3,219; monks and clergy 1,392; nuns, 1,585.
the remainder Mestizoes, fac. Abp. see. It was
founded in 1535, by Pizarro, and called Gudad
de los Reys or City of Kings. It is situated in
the spacious and delightful valley of Rimac, on
the river Rimac, an Indian word from which
the name Lima is derived by a corrupt pronun
ciation. Its situation is very advantageous, com
manding the whole valley. A very elegant
stone bridge is built over the river, having at
one end a gate which forms the entrance into
the city, and leads to the grand square. The
form of the city is triangular ; its length 2 miles,
and its breadth upwards of 1 mile. It is sur
rounded with a brick wall, flanked with 34
bastions, and having 7 gates and 3 posterns.
The streets are broad, straight, intersecting
each other at right angles, well paved, and
furnished with streams of water from the river.
The houses, though generally of only one story,
are commodious and of handsome appearance.
They have flat roofs, and are constructed of
wood on account of frequent earthquakes, but
in such a manner as to resemble stone build
ings ; the strong timber work of the walls be
ing covered on each side with laths, or reeds,
plastered with mortar, white-washed within,
and painted without in imitation of stone. The
most of the principal houses have gardens re
freshed with streams of water ; and the envi
rons are ornamented with alleys of lime trees,
and clusters of country villas. In the middle
of the city is a grand square of great extent
and beauty, having in the centre a magnificent
fountain ornamented with a bronze statue of
Fame, from the trumpet of which, and the
mouths of 8 lions surrounding it, the water is
ejected. The city abounds With churches, chap
els, convents, nunneries, colleges, hospitals,
and has a noble university founded in 1576.
The churches are partly built of stone, and are
decorated in a splendid style, with paintings
and ornaments of great value; the walls hung
with velvet or tapestry fringed with gold and
silver ; the altars covered with massive silver
of various workmanship ; the body of the
church is crowded with silver tables, candle
sticks and pedestals of the statues of angels ;
and the sacred vessels and vestments loaded
with gold, diamonds, and precious stones of the
most dazzling brilliancy, and of incalculable
value. Among the other public buildings are
the palaces of the viceroy and archbishop, and
the mint.
Luxury in dress and a fondness for splendid
retinues, constitute the prevailing passion of
the inhabitants ; and the public walks and malls
are crowded with carriages. All classes are
fond of fine clothing, but the ladies, particularly,
carry their extravagance, in this respect, to an
extraordinary degree. The women are of mid-
ling stature, handsome, genteel, gay, and fond
of music. When the duke de la Palata, the
viceroy, made his entrance into foe city, 3
whole streets were paved with ingots of solid
silver, each weighing 200 marks, and being
from 12 to 15 inches long ; the whole estimated
at #54,000,000. In 1700, there were 400 cai>

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viages in the city. Cock-fighting and bull-bait
ing are the favourite amusements of the popu
lace, and gaming is also very common. Lima
is the emporium, as well as foe capital of Peru.
Callao, its port, is 7 miles S. The climate is
very pleasant. The thermometer, at noon, in
the winter, never falls below 60°, and in sum
mer seldom rises above 85. It is subject to the
calamity of tremendous earthquakes, and in
summer to the inconvenience from numerous
fleas, bugs, and mosquitoes. The country around
is watered by art, and is rendereed extremely
fertile. Lima, (an. Limius, and Lethe,) r. Spain, which
rises in the province of Galicia, crosses the
Portuguese province of Entre-Duero-e-Minho,
and runs into the Atlantic, 2 miles below Viana,
Lon. 8.30. W. Lat. 41. 40. N.
Lima, t. Arabia, in Oman, near the coast; 32
SE. Julfa.
Limachu, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 30. 25. S.
Limadasi, X. Curdistan, on an island in lake
Van. Limale, X. Neth., in Brabant; 12 S. Louvain,
15 SE. Brussels. Pop. 592.
Limasova, one of the smaller Philippine isl
ands, near Leyta. Lon, 125. 2. E. Lat. 10. 1. N.
Limalamba, X. Peru, in Cusco ; 25 W. Cusco.
Limay, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
Seine, opposite to Mantes. Pop. 1,269.
Limbach, X. Saxony, Erzgebirg; 5 W. Chem
nitz. Pop. 1,475.
Limie, t St. Domingo ; 21 SW. Cape Fran-
cais. Limbe, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 12 m.
long, and 3 broad, near E coast of Celebes.
Lon. 125. 10. E. Lat. 1. 18. N.
Limberg, X. Stiria ; 12 S. Voitsberg.
Limbueo, X. on E. coast of Celebes. Lon. 123.
18. E. Lat. 0. 18. N.
Limbobarya, X. Bengal ; 30 NW. Nattore.
Limbra, X. Hind., in Guzerat ; 35 W. Gogo.
Limbry, X. Guzerat ; 68 W. Amedabad.
Limburg, pr. Neth. ; bounded N. by N. Brabant,
E. by the Pru. province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
S. by Liege, and W. by South Brabant and
Antwerp. It is mostly level, in some parts
marshy, but tolerably productive. It produces
corn, pulse, tobacco, flax, and fruit, and has
valuable mines of coal, and rich pastures, and
abounds particularly in a fine breed of cattle.
Pop. 292,187. Sq. m. 1,480. Chief town, Maes-
tricht Limburg, X. Neth., in Liege ; 20 ESE. Liege,
46 N. Luxemburg. Lon. 23. 31. E. Lat. 50.36.N.
Pop. 1,913. It is situated near the river Wese,
or Weze, in a fertile countiy, on an agreeable
mountain. Limburg, late lordship fa principality, Ger.,
belonging to foe circle of Franconia, but lying
in Swabia, surrounded by Wurtemberg, the
provostship of Elwangen, the principality of
Anspach, and the territory of the imperial city
of Swabian Hall ; and its greatest extent from
N. to S. is almost 20 m., and from W. to E. 18.
Pop. 15,000.
Limburg,X. Nassau, on the Lahn ; 26 N. Mentz,
76 ENE. Treves. Lat. 50. 20. N. Pop. 3,000.
Limburg, or Hohen Limberg, X. Pru. Arens

berg, which gives name to a county ; 4 NN W.
Altena, 30 E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,200.
Limbuyan, X. on south coast of the island of
Masbate. Lon. 123. 36. E. Lat. 12. 8. N.
Lim-cheou, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 12 NW. Tching-tin.
Lime, see Lyme.
Limehouse River, r. Honduras, which runs in
to the bay, Lon. 85. 54. W. Lat. 15. 55. N.
Limekiln Bay, bay on S. coast of the island of
St. Christopher ; 1 W. Basseterre.
Limekilns,$-n. Scot., in Fifeshire, on the Forth
The harbour at high tides will admit of vessels
of 300 tons with ease. It belongs to the parish
of Dunfermline, and takes its appellation from
the lime works, which belong to the earl Of
Elgin ; 3 S. Dunfermline. Pop. 658.
Limerick, p-t. York co. Maine ; 35 N. York,
114 NNE. Boston, W. 565. Pop. 1,377.
Limerick, X. Washington co. Maine. Pop. 27.
Limerick, X. Montgomery co. Pa., on the
Schuylkill ; 4 SE. Pottsgrove. Pop. 1,577.
Limerick, co. Ireland, in Munster ; bounded
N. by Clare, from which it is separated by the
Shannon and Tipperaiy, E. by Tipperary, S. by
Cork, and W. by Kerry ; 40 miles from E. to
W., and from 17 to 25 from N. to S. ; contain
ing 125 parishes. The soil is fertile, and rich
in pasture, the best cattle slaughtered in Cork
being sent from this county ; towards the SE.,
on the borders of Tipperary, it is mountainous,
as likewise towards the SW., on the borders of
Kerry. Pop. 250,000. H. 42,000. Sq. m. 970.
Limerick, (an. RegiaJ city, Ireland, capital
of a county of the same name ; 45 N. Cork, 92
WSW. Dublin. Lon. 8. 32. W. Lat. 62. 39. N.
Pop. in 1821, 66,043. H. 8,266. About 5,000
Protestants. It is situated on the river Shan
non, 60 miles from its mouth, and is a county
of itself. This ancient city of Limerick, called
by the Irish Lumreach, is generally considered
as the capital of the rich and spacious province
of Munster, and has been always regarded as
one of the principal marts, and before it was
dismantled, was esteemed one of the strongest
places in Ireland. It stands partly on an island
in the Shannon ; and is divided into Upper and
Lower Towns, united by a stately bridge.
Limerick formerly ranked as the second, but
of late as the third town in Ireland ; and the
chief place in the county of its own name, and
one of the finest and best peopled in the prov
ince. In the old part, the streets are narrow
and gloomy ; but in the new quarter they are
spacious and regular, and the houses of brick,
large and handsome. It contains a custom
house, a cathedral, a bishop's palace, a public
library, a theatre, many charitable establish
ments, 4 Protestant churches, 1 for Methodists,
1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Quakers, and 8 for
Catholics. It has manufactures of linen, wool
len, and paper. Its export trade is considerable
being a depot for large quantities of corn.
Limesol, or Limisso, (an. Amctthus,) s-p. Cy
prus. Lon. 32. 30. E. Lat. 34. 45. N. Bp. see.
It is situated in a countiy abounding in vine
yards and mulberry gardens, and contains 4
Greek churches and a school ; and is the resi
dence of an English consul. Here only is made
the rich Cyprus wine. There are some remains

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ofthe ancient walls, a building like an ancient
castle, and ruins of a temple dedicated to Venus
and Adonis.
Limestone, X. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 426.
Limestone, mt. fa valley, in Northumberland
co. Fa., E. of the Susquehanna.
Limestone, co. Alabama. Pop. 9,871. Chief
town, Cottonport.
Limetree Bay, bay on south coast of Santa
Cruz. Lon. 63. 27. W, Lat. 17*. 45. N.
Limeuil, X. France, in Dordogne, on the Dor
dogne ; 9 NNW. Belviez, 19 S. Perigueux. Pop.
823. Limingo, X. Finland, in Ulea ; US. Ulea.
Liminglon, p-t. York co. Maine, on the Saco;
40 N. York, 110 NNE. Boston, W. 571. Pop.
2,122. Limias, now Lima.
Limmat, r. Switz., which rises in the Alps,
about US. Glarus, where it takes the name of
Lint, or Linth, passes Glarus, and near the lake
of Wallenstadt, joins the Mat, when it changes
its name to Limmal, passes through the lake of
Zurich, and joins the Aar, 3 N. Baden.
Limmen, t. Holland ; 5 S. Alcmaer.
Limne, (an. CopiasJ lake, Livadia, a few
miles north of Thiva ; famous for eels.
Limoeiro, X. Brazil, on the Capibaribe ; 60'
WNW. Pernambuco. Pop. 600.
Limoges, (an. AugustoritumJ city, France,
capital of Upper Vienne ; 27 posts NE. Bour
deaux, 46j SSW. Paris. Lon. 1. 15. E. Lat. 45.
60. N. Pop. 21,025. II. 2,573. Bp.see. It con
tains a cathedral, 12 churches, 1 hospital, a
royal college, an academy with two faculties,
and a public library. It has some handsome
edifices, but it is generally ill built, with narrow
streets. It carries on a brisk trade, and has
manufactures of siamose, cotton, and woollen
cloths, porcelain, pottery, paper, fac.
Limon, small isl. on W. side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 9. E. Lat. 60. 44. N.
Limona de la Trou, X. St. Domingo, near N.
coast ; 10 SE. Cape Francois.
Limonade, X. St. Domingo ; 12 SW. Fort
Dauphin. Limone, X. Piedmont, in Tenda; 6NNE.Ten-
da, 10 S. Coni. Fop. 3,100.
Limone, t. Negropont ; 20 S. Negropont.
Limones, x. Cuba, which runs into the sea, 65
WSW. Bayamo.
Limones, ( Grande J X. Cuba ; 50 S. Havannah.
Limonia, isl. in the Mediterranean, about 3
miles long, and 1 broad ; 6 W. Rhodes. Lon.
27. 22. E. Lat. 36. 27. N.
Limonium, now Poitiers.
Limosano, X. Naples, in Molise ; 17 NE. Mo
lise. Pop. 2,356.
Limosin, before foe revolution a province of
France, of which Limoges was the capital.
Limougne, X. France, in Lot; 9 N. Caylus.
Limours, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 9 S.
Versailles, 16 SSW. Paris. Pop. 750.
Limoux, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Aude ; 2J posts S. Carcassonne, 97
S. Paris. Lon. 2. 18. E. Lat. 43. 3. N. Pop.
5,142. H. 1,034.
Limouziniere, (La,) X. France, Lower-Loire;
9 E. Machecoul.
Limpach, t. Austria; 4 NNE. Altenmarkt.

Lin, t. China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan j
25 W. Tchang-te.
Lin, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-si ;
35 N. Yung-ning.
Linaoagan, one of the islands, called Calami
anes, in the East Indian sea. Lon. 120. 10. E
Lat. 11. 40. N.
Linan, x. Wales, which runs into the Irish sea,
5 S. Caernarvon.
Linange, see Leiningen.
Linares, X. Spain, Aragon ; 24 ESE. Teruel.
Linares, X. Spain, in Jaen ; 26 N. by E. Jaen.
Pop. 5,632. It has a large and remarkable" pub
lic fountain.
Linaryd, X. Sweden, in Smaland; 11 SSE.
Wexio. Linas, X. France, Seine-and-Oise. Pop. 1,520,
Linato, t .Italy, on the Lambro ; 5 SE. Milan.
Linbo, small isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 14.57.E.
Lat. 44. 37. N.
Linchan, X. China, of the third rank, Ho-nan ;.
57 SSE. Honan.
Lin-chan-oei, fort, China, in Chan-tong; 22 S.
Kiao. Linchanchia, X. Yucatan ; 25 N. Merida.
Lincoln, X. Addison co. Vt. ; 26 SW. Montpe
lier. Pop. 278.
Lincoln, X. Grafton co. N. H. ; 20 ENE. Ha
verhill. Pop. 32.
Lincoln, co- south part of Maine ; bounded N.
by Kennebec co., E. by Hancock co., S. by the
Atlantic, and W. by Cumberland co. Fop.
in 1810,42,992; in 1820,53,189. Chief towns,
Wiscasset and Bath.
Lincoln, X. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 16 NW.
Boston. Pop. 706.
Lincoln, co. central part of Kentucky. Pop.
in 1810, 8,676; slaves 2,341. Pop. in 1820,
9,979. Chief town, Stanford.
Lincoln, co. on south side ofWest Tennessee.
Pop. in 1810, 6,104; slaves 720. Fop. in 1820,
14,761. Chief town, Fayetteville.
Lincoln, co. west part of North Carolina. Pop.
in 1810, 16,359 ; slaves 2,4S9. Pop. in 1820,
18,147. Chief town, Lincolnton.
Lincoln, co. north part of Georgia. Pop. in
1810, 4,555; slaves 2,212. Pop. in 1820, 6,458.
Chief towns, Lincolnton and Goshen.
Lincoln, co. Missouri. Pop. 1,662. Chief
town, Monroe.
Lincoln, (an. Gidum, and Lindum J city, Eng.,1
capital of Lincolnshire, situated on the Witham;
53 NE. Derby, 133 N. London. Lon. 0. 32. W.
Lat. 53. 14. N. Pop. 8,861. Bp. see. ltisavery
ancient city, and was formerly surrounded with
walls, defended with towers, and was one of
the chief towns for buying and selling wool.
Lincoln formerly contained 52 parish churches,
with many religious houses, but in the secOnd
year of Edward VI. the number of churches was
reduced to 15, now reduced to 11. The cathe
dral, a Gothic edifice, is one of the largest and
most elegant in England ; the lengthfrom E.to
W. (including the walls) is 524 feet The length
of the great transept from N. to S. is 227 feet.
The height of the central tower is 300 feet.
The bell, called the Tom of Lincoln, is one of
the finest great bells in the kingdom, weighing
5 tons ; 23 feet in circumference. Before the
reformation, this cathedral was undoubtedly foe

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finest and richest in the whole kingdom, and
the number and splendour of its tombs almost
incredible. The city is full of the ruins of mo
nasteries and religious houses. It is now a
straggling town, ill built, and greatly declined
from its former splendour. It has however been
much improved of late,, and has some good
modern houses. It consists chiefly of 2 streets,
with several smaller ones. It communicates
with Boston and foe sea by the Witham ; its
chief exports are oats and wool. Market on
Friday. It sends two members to parliament. —
Upon the plain, on the north side of Lincoln,
was fought the famous battle between foe friends
ofthe empress Maud, and King Stephen. — Upon
Lincoln^heath were likewise fought several
bloody battles, between the forces of Cromwell
and the royal army.
Lincolnshire, co. Eng., bounded N. by the
river Humber, which divides it from Yorkshire,
E. by the German sea, S. by Norfolk, Cam
bridgeshire, and Northamptonshire, and W. by
Rutlandshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire,
and Yorkshire ; 77 miles in length from N. to S.,
and 48 from E. to W. It is divided into 30 hun
dreds, which contain one city, (Lincoln,) 33
towns, and 630 parishes. The number of acres
is estimatedat 1,893,100 ; of wbich Mc Stone,
in his View of the Agriculture of the county,
supposes there may be 473,000 acres of inclosed
marsh and fen land ; 200,000 commons, wastes,
and unembanked salt marshes ; 268,000 com
mon fields, 25,000 woodland, 927,120 inclosed
upland. Pop. 237,891. Sq. m. 2,787.
Lincolnton, p-t. Lincoln co. N. C; 45 SW.
Salisbury, 180 WSW. Raleigh, W. 425.
Lincolnton, p-t. fa cap. Lincoln co. Georgia, on
Fishing creek, S. of the Savannah ; 40 NW. Au
gusta, W. 630. Pop. 106.
Lincolnville, or Duck Trap, s-p. Hancock co.
Maine, on Penobscot bay ; 16 W. Castine, 240
NE. Boston, W. 658. Pop. 1,294.
Linda, small island in the Indian sea, near foe
coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Zambese.
Linda, X. Upper Hesse ; 4 SSW. Giessen.
Lindahl, X. Norway ; 140 N. Christiania.
Lindar, X. Istria ; 5 NE. Mitterburg.
Lindau, X. Han., in Gottingen, on the Ruhme ;
10 NE. Gottingen. Pop. 1,082.
Lindau, X. Bav., built on three islands, in the
lake of Constance, communicating with the
continent by means of a bridge ; 19 E. Con
stance, 46 ENE. Zurich. Lon. 10. 35. E. Lat.
47. 28. N. Pop. 2,701. It is the capital of a dis
trict, including 32 Sq. miles, and 6,316 inhabi
tants. — On account of its situation, it has been
styled the Venice of Swabia. It was formerly
imperial, and contained an abbey.
Lindau, X. Hungary ; 17 NNW. Csakathurn.
Lindau, X. Ger., Anhalt Cothen ; 5 N. Zerbst.
Pop. 1,429.
Lindau. X. Bav. ; 8 NW. Bayreuth.
Lindau, see Lindow.
Linde, or Lindesberg, X. Sweden, Westmann
land, in a narrow, sandy tract, between two
lakes; 34 WNW. Stroemsholm,86 WNW. Stock
holm. Lon. 14. 56. E. Lat 59. 35. N. Pop. 592.
'Near it is a medicinal spring.
Linde, X. Ger.; 5 ESE. Romhill.
Linde, X. Pru. Potsdam ; 4 NW. Juterbock.
Vol. I. U7

Linde, (La,) X. France, in Dordogne; 7 W.
Sarlat, 10 E. Bergerao. Pop. 1,593.
Lindebeuf t.France, in Lower-Seine; 6 NNW.
Rouen, 12 SE. Cany.
Lindeck, X. Stiria ; 8 N. Cilley.
Lindeal, X. Hind., in Cuddapa ; 25 N. Gandi-
cotta. Linden, t. Bav. ; 6 S. Neustatt.
Lindenau, t. Prussia ; 24 SW. Brandenburg.
Lindenau, X. Prussia; 20 NE. Culm.
Lindenau, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 6 NW. Patsch-
kau. Lindenberg, X. Bav.; 9 ESE. Bayreuth.
Lindenbronn,X. Ger.; 2 E. Langenburg.
Lindenfels, X. Hesse Darmstadt; 8 W. Erbach,
14 NNE. Manheim. Pop. 683.
Lindenhardt, t. Bav. ; 9 S. Bayreuth.
Linder, X. Istria ; 12 NNE. Pedena.
Linderupoe, small isl. Denmark, in the Little
Belt, near the coast of Sleswick; 8 WSW As-
sens, in the island of Funen.
Lindesness, or The Naze, cape on S. coast of
Norway, in the North sea, which joins to the
main land by a very narrow isthmus. Lon. 7. 6.
E. Lat. 57, 59. N. The cape projects into the
sea about a Norway mile towards foe SW., and
is about half a mile broad. It is a high, barren,
rocky promontory : however, it has 12 peasants'
houses on it. This cape is commonly called
The Naze.
Lindewiese, X. Silesia, Neisse ; 11 SE. Neisse.
Lindisfarn, monastery, Eng., ruined by the
Danes in the 8th century ; 9 SE. Berwick, The
celebrated St. Cuthbert was prior of this mo
nastery 12 years. See Holy Island.
Lindleystown, p-v. in Painted-Post, Steuben
co. N. Y.; W. 278.
Lindo, (an. LindusJ X. Rhodes; 14 SSW.
Rhodes. Lon. 27. 38. E. Lat. 36. 17. N. It was
anciently celebrated for a temple dedicated to
Minerva, whence that goddess had the surname
of Lindia. A certain festival was celebrated an
nually in this city, not with blessings fa prayers,
as Lactantius informs us, but with curses and
imprecations ; insomuch, that if one good word
escaped any of those that were present, it was
deemed a veiy bad omen, and the whole cere
mony began anew. Lindus gave birth to Chares,
the architect of the Colossus ; and to Cleobulus,
one of the seven wise men of Greece.
Lindon, small island on W. side of foe gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 16. 57. E. Lat. 60. 55. N.
Lindow, X. Pru. 'Brandenburg ; 33 NNW. Ber
lin, 35 NNE. Brandenburg. Fop. 1,114.
Lindow, X. Brandenburg; 8 SSW. Frankfort
on foe Oder.
Lindow, t. Pru. Pomerania ; 3 W. Balm.
Lindum, now Lincoln, fa Linlithgow.
Lindy, X. Africa, in Querimba. Lon. 41. 4. E.
Lat 9. 58. S.
Linen, X. Pru. Munster; 7 SSE. Tecklenburg.
Lin-fou, X. Corea; 20 S. Haimen.
Ling, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chen-si, on the Hoang; 600 WSW. Peking.
Lon. 105. 39. E. Lat 38. 10. N.
Linga, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
near N. coast of Mainland. Lon. 1. 27. W. Lat.
60. 44. N.
Linga, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
near E. coast of Mainland. Lon. 1.6. W. Lat.
60.34.N.

LIN

930

LIN

Linga, one of the smaller Shetland islands,
near SW. coast of Unst. Lon. 1. 12. W. Lat.
61. 2. N.
Linga Sound, bay on W. coast of the island
of Stronsa. Lon. 0. 28. E. Lat. 59. N.
Linga, one of the small Western isls. of Scot
land, near S. coast of South Uist. Lon. 7. 19. W.
Lat. 57. 3. N.
Lingan, r. Ireland, which runs into the Suir,
2 miles below Carrick-upon-Suir.
Lingay, one of the smaller Western islands of
Scotland, near SW. coa6t of Harris. Lon. 7 W.
Lat. 57. 40. N.
LingapoUr, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad; 15 S.
Neermul. Ling-chan, X. Corea ; 76 ENE. Han-tcheou.
Ling-chan, X. China, ofthe third rank, Quang-
tong; 47 N. Lien-tcheou.
Ling-che, X. China, ofthe third rank, in Chan-
si, near the Fuen ; 25 S. Fuen-tcheou.
Ling-choui, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen ; 15 SE. Youand-gnan.
Ling-choui, X. China, of the third rank, in the
island of Hainan ; 25 SW. Houan.
Linge, or Linghe, i . Holland, which runs into
the Wahal, at Gorcum.
Lingen, city, Han., capital of the province of
Lingen ; 35 N. Munster. Pop. 1,738. It is situ
ated not far from the Embs, and was formerly
fortified, but at present is small, and barely sur
rounded with a ditch. It has a Calvinist, a Lu
theran, and a Roman Catholic church. The
academical gymnasium here was founded in the
year 1697.
Lingen, co. Westphalia, bounded N. by Mun
ster, E. by Osnabruck, S. by Tecklenburg, and
¦ W. by Bentheim. The soil is not very fertile,
but in several places are some mines of coal,
and quarries of stone. It is divided into Upper
and Lower ; the principal town of the latter is
Lingeri, and Ibbenbuhren of the former. Upper
Lingen now belongs to Prussia. Lower Lingen
forms a province of Hanover, and contains
20,143 inhabitants, and 132 sq. m.
Lingen, ox Linegcn, island in the E. Indian sea,
near S. coast of Malacca, about 100 m. in circ,
and 50 m.from NE. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 104.
40. E. Lat. 0. 10. S.
Lingholm, small isl. among the Orkneys, near
W.coastof Stronsa. Lon.0.27.E. Lat.50.59.N.
Lingieotta, t. Africa, in Kullo. Lon. 9. 10. W.
Lat. 12. 30. N.
Ling-nan, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan ; 1,217 SSW. Peking. Lat. 23. 33. N.
Lingones, see Langres.
Ling-pou, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
si; 17 WNW. Kiai.
Ling-quan-y,X. China, Chen-si ; 50 SW. Singan.
Ling-stai, t. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si; 37 N. Fong-tsiang.
Lingrtao, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chen-si, on foe Tie-tsan, which falls into the
Hoang-ho, or Yellow river, 672 WSW. Peking.
Lon. 106. 34. E. Lat. 25. 22. N. .Great quantities
of gold are found in foe sand of the neighbour
ing rivers and brooks. The country is very
mountainous. The valleys are covered with
corn, and those that are near the rivers,, with
cattle, and foe whole territory is very fruitful.
Ling-telieou, X. Corea; 28 SSW. Koang-tcheou.

Ling-tehi, t, China, of the 3d rank, in Chan-
tong, on the Tchi ; 12 NNW. Tcin-tcheou.
Ling-lching, X. China, of the third rank, jn Pe-
tche-li ; 22 .N. Chun-te.
Ling-lchuen, t. China, of the 3d rank, Quang-
si, on the Kouei ; 15 NNE.Kouei-ling.
Ling-lchuen, X. China, of the 3d rank, in Chan-
si ; 25 SSE. Lou-ngan.
Lingua Grossa, t Sicily, in the valley of De
mona; 9 W. Taormina. Pop. 2,428.
.Linguetta, cape in the Adriatic, on the coast
of Epire ; 12 W. Valona.
Lingumpilly, X. Mysore ; 30 SW. Tademeri.
Linhares, X. Portugal, in Tras-os-Montcs ; 12
WNW Torre de Moncorvo, 19 S. Mirandela.
Linhares, t. Portugal, Beira ; 5 SW. Celorico.
H. 181.
Lin-hing, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 15 S. Hiu.
Linieres, (La,) X. France, in Charente, 15
SW. Angoulesme. Pop. 517.
Linitan, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, 5 m.
N, island of Serangan, to which it belongs.
Lon. 125. 21. E. Lat 5. 36. S.
Lin-kao, X. China, of the 3d rank, island of
Hainan, on W. coast; 37 SW. Kiong-tcheou.
Lin-keou, X. China, of the 3d rank, in Chan-
tong, on the Mi-ho ; 1 1 SSE. Tcin-tcheou.
Lin-kiang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-si, on the river Yu ; 737 S. Peking. Lon.
115. E. Lat. 27. 58. N. The soil is good, and
the climate healthy, yet the city is thinly in
habited; one of the villages in its jurisdiction
is the general mart for all the drugs sold in the
empire. Linkioping, t. Sweden, capital ofthe govern
ment of Linkioping, or East Gothland proper,
on the Stceng, near lake Roxen ; 96 SW. Stock
holm. Lon. 15. 18. E. Lat. 58. 26. N. Pop. in
1815, 3,138. Bp. see. It contains 3 churches
and a public seminaiy. It is defended by a
castle, built in foe 15th centuiy. The govern
ment contains 3,264 sq. m. and 162,859 inhabi
tants. Linkness, cape, Scotland, on NW. coast of
the island of Stronsa ; 1£ SW. Huipsness. Lon.
0. 26. E. Lat. 59. 4. N.
Linley, X. Eng., in W. Riding of Yorkshire,
connected with Wakefield. Pop. 1,377.
Linlithgow, (an. Lindum, and Litinomago,) t,
Scotland, a royal burgh, and capital of the
county to which it gives names ; 18 W. Edin
burgh, 24 ENE. Glasgow. Lon. 3. 38. W. Lat.
55. 59. N. Pop. 2,557. It is a town of great
antiquity, and contains remains of ancient mag
nificence. Here are majestic ruins of the royal
palace in which queen Mary was born. The
town consists chiefly of one street, less than a
mile long. The chief manufactures are leather
and shoes.
Linlithgowshire, ox West Lothian, co. Scot.,
bounded N. by the Frith of Forth, E. and SE.
by Edinburghshire, SW. by Lanerkshire, and
NW.by Stirlingshire ; about 17 m. long, and 8 in
its mean breadth. In general it is pleasant,
abounding with corn and pastures, andproduces
coals, limestone, iron, and salt, with plenty of
fish from the rivers and frith. Pop. 19,551. Sq.
m. 1 12.
Lvhne, t. Pru. Dusseldorf; 2 S. Ordingen, 32
NNW. Cologne. Pop. 1,041. -

LIN

931

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Lin-ngan, t. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kieng ; 22 W. Hang-tcheou.
Linnich, X. Pru. Lower Rhine, in Aix la Cha
pelle, on the Ruhr; 5 NNW. Juliers. Lon. 6.
13. E. Lat. 60 57. N. Pop. 3,086.
Linosa, (an. AZgusa,) small isl. not far from
the coast of Tunis, in the Mediterranean, near
the island of Lampedosa. Lon. 12. 55. E. Lat.
35. 52. N.
Lin-ou, X. China, of the third rank; in Hou-
quang ; 30 S. Koue-yang.
Lin-pao, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan, on foe river Hoang ; 12 W. Tchen.
Lin-pi, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
nan ; 27 ESE. Sieou.
Lins'chotten, X. Holland; 8 W. Utrecht. P. 730.
Linsdorf X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 32
ESE. Geyersberg.
Linse, X. Prussia ; 15 SE. Marienwerder.
Linselles, X. France, in North ; 5 N. Lille. A
bloody battle was fought here, on the 18th of
May 1794, between the army of foe allies, but
chiefly the English under the command of the
duke ef York, in which great numbers were
killed, and the French remained masters of the
field, with 1,600 prisoners.
Lin-siang, X. China, of the third rank, ia Hou-
quang ; 15 NNE. Yo-tcheou.
Linsse, X. Pru. Pomerania ; 3 SW. Belgard.
Linstein, X. Neth., Flanders ; 3 S. Hulst
Linslrop, X. Sweden, in Medelpadia; 16 N.
Sundswall. Linstre, X. Luxemburg ; 8 NNE. Luxemburg.
Lin-chang, t. China, of the third rank, in Ho
nan ; 22 NE. Tchang-te.
Lin-tcin, city, China, of the second rank, in
Chan-tong, on the grand canal; 187 S.Peking.
Lon. 115. 31. E. Lat. 36. 56. N. It is much fre
quented by vessels, and may be called a mag
azine of all kinds of merchandize.
Linteln, X. Han., in Verden ; 4 NE. Verden.
Lintemum, city, Campania, at the mouth of
the Clanis.
Linth, x. Switz., which passes through the
lake of Wallenstadt, and runs into the lake of
Zurich, near Grynau.
Linthal, X. Switz., in Glaris ; 12 SW. Glaris.
Lin-tin, X. China, of the second rank, on a
small island of Quang-tong ; 15 NE. Macao.
Linton, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 673.
Linton, X. Eng., in Cambridgeshire, with a
weekly market on Thurday ; 1 1 SE. Cam
bridge, 48 NNE. London. Lon. 0. 23. E. Lat.
62. 53. N. Pop. 1,157.
Linton, t. Scot, in Feebleshire, at the con
flux of the Lynne and the Tweed ; 12 NW.
Peebles, 17 SSW. Edinburgh.
Lin-tong, t. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si ; 15 ENE. Si-ngan.
Lintrey, X. France, Meurte ; 3 E. Luneville,
4.NW. Blamont.
Lintwaite, t. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the neigh
bourhood of Wakefield. Pop. ,1,381.
Lintz, X. & citadel, Pru. Dusseldorf, on E.
side of the Rhine ; 10 SSE. Bonn, 23 SSE. Co
logne. Lon. 7. 14. E. Lat. 50. 34. N. Pop.
1,919. It contains a gymnasium, and is sur
rounded with an ancient wall.
Lintz, (an. Lintia,) X. Austria, capital of
Upper Austria, or the Land above the Enns,

on the Danube; 30 SE. Passau, 62 W. Vien
na. Lon. 14. 17. E. Lat. 48. 19. N. Pop*
17,240. H. 1,243. Bp. see. It is well built and
populous, with some fine suburbs. The houses
have generally a good appearance. The town
contains a lyceum, two hospitals, two public
schools, a public libraiy of 22,000 vols., an in
stitute for the deaf and dumb, and a magni
ficent theatre. Here is foe greatest woollen
manufactory in Germany, established by gov
ernment, which gives employment, directly or
indirectly, to nearly 30,000 individuals. The
town carries on a considerable trade, and has,
on Easter and St. Bartholomew's days, some
well privileged and considerable fairs.
Lintzenegg, X. Austria ; 10 S. Zwetl.
Linx, now Rio de Ouro.
Lin-y, X. China, of the third rank, in Chang-
tong ; 32 SE. Te.
Lin-yeov.,X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si ; 20 NE. Fong-tsiang.
Lip, lake, Thibet, about 30 miles in circum
ference. Lon. 86. 34. E. Lat. 31. 22. N.
Lipdias, (an. Lebadea,) X. Greece, near Blount
Zagara. Lioi-kia-lanc-tsa, t. Thibet ; 100 SSE. Lassa.
Lon. 92. 44. E. Lat. 28. 8. N.
Lioipou, lake, Thibet, about 30 miles in circ.
Lon. 90. 34. E. Lat. 34. 27. N.
Homer, t. I'rance, Somme ; 18 W. Amiens.
Lion, x. Scot, in Perthshire, on N. extremity
of Loch Tay, which runs into the Tay; the
valley through which it passes is called Glen
Lion. Lion Cove, small bay in the straits of Magel
lan, surrounded by rocks. The water is deep
but the ground is good. It is not a bad place
for one ship, nor a good one for two. Lon. 74.
25. W. Lat. 53. 26. S.
Lion Marin, (Baye de,) bay on S. coast of
Kerguelen's Land. Kerguelen called it Baye de
Gross Ventre. Lon. 68. 51. E. Lat. 49. 32. S.
Lion Mountain, mt. Africa, near the Cape of
Good Hope, so called from its supposed resem
blance, which seamen observe, to that animal.
It is distinguished into what is called the Lion's
Head, and the Lion's Tail, or Rump.
Lion d' Angers, (LeJ X. France, in Mayne-
and-Loire ; 6 SE. Segre, 10 NNW. Angers
Lon. 0. 39. W. Lat. 47. 37. N. Pop. 1,724.
Lions, X. France, in Eure ; 5 E. Rouen, 9 N.
Grand Andelys. Lat. 49. 24. N. Pop. 1,828.
Lions, (Gulf of) bay of the Mediterranean,
said to be so named from the frequent tempests
with which it is disturbed ; and not the gulf of
Lyons from the city. It extends from Spain to
Italy- Liorac, X. France, in Dordogne ; 7 ENE. Ber-
gerac Lio-yang, X. China, of foe third rank, in Chen-
si, on the Kia-ling ; 32 NNW. Ning-kiang.
Lipa, X. Croatia, on the river Dobra ; 10 SW.
Carlstadt. Lipari, cluster of islands in the Mediterrane
an, which take their name from their principal.
about 24 miles from N. coast of Sicily. Lon
15. 12. E. Lat. 38. 34. E. Fop. about 20,00oi
These islands were called, by the ancients
JEolia, Vulcania, and Insula Liparaorum, and
feigned to be the residence of iEolus and Vul-

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932

LIS

Lipari, the largest, is populous and well cul
tivated, producing great quantities of corn and
fruit, -especially figs and raisins ; it likewise
produces alum, sulphur, nitre, and cinnabar. It
is about 15 miles in circumference ; the air is
healthy, and the inhabitants industrious and
good seamen. On E. coast is situated a town
of the same name. In this island were former
ly pits, which emitted fire and smoke but have
long ceased to do either. Fop. 15,000. Sq.
miles 100. The other islands are Stromboli,
Panaria, Vulcano, Salini, Alicudi,and Felic'udi,
with one or two smaller. The town of Lipari
is 45 W. Nicotera, in Calabria Ultra.
Lipari, X. island of the same name ; 20 NNE.
Patti, 84 ENE. Palermo. Lon. 15. 12. E. Lat.
38. 35. N. Pop. 10,000. Bp. see. It is indiffer
ently built, and has a good castle.
Lipavina, X. Croatia ; 12 ENE. Creutz.
Lipczani, X. Podolia ; 60 WSW. Braclaw.
Lipczani, X. Moldavia, on the Pruth ; 24 SSE.
Choczim. Lipershausen. ,'t. Bavaria ; 3 NE. Aub.
'Lipes, X. S. A., capital of a jurisdiction, be
longing to Buenos Ayres ; 150 SSW. Potosi.
Lon. 68. 16. W. Lat. 21.40. S.
Lipetz, X. Bohemia, Konigingratz ; 9 S. Neu
Biezow. Lipetsk, X. Russia, in Tambov, on the Voro
nez ; 40 WNW. Tambov. Lon.'40. 24. E. Lat.
53. N. Pop. 5,626. Here is a cannon foundery
for the navy.
Lipinskoi, X. Russia, in Novgorod ; 16 SE.
Novgorod. Lipniski, X. Rus. Wilna ; 20 ENE. Lida.
Lipnitz, X. Bohemia, Czaslau; 6 W. Teutsch
Brod. H. 101.
Lipnitza, t Hungary; 47 WNW. Kesmark.
Pop. 3,217.
'Lipno, X. Poland ; 12 N. Dobrzyn. Pop. 997.
Li-po, X. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
si ; 37 N. Nan-tan.
Liporano, X. Naples, Otranto ; 3 S. Tarento.
Lipowe, X. Lithuania ; 25 NNE. Braslaw.
Lipowiec, X. Austrian Poland, on the Vistula,
with a castle on a rock, used as a prison for
ecclesiastical offenders ; 20 W. Cracow.
Lippa, X. Hungary, on the Maros; 22 N.
Temeswar. Pop. 2,500.
Lippe-Detmold, principality, Ger., in West
phalia, bounded by the Prussian states, and the
km. of Hanover. Pop. 72,500; mostly Calvin
ists. Sq. m. 436. Chief towns, Detmold, and
Lemgo. The country is hilly almost through
out, and contains large forests of oak and
beech ; but has some good arable land. It is
divided into 7 towns and 11 bailiwicks. Risers,
Weser, Eminer, Werra, Humme, and Bever.
The exports consist of wool, cattle, thread, and
linen. Lippe, (La J fortress, Portugal, near foe city
of Elvas.
Lippe, (an. Lupia,) x. Ger., which rises in the
neighbourhood of Lippspring, and runs into the
Rhine, near Wesel.
• -Lippehne, X. Pru. Brandenburg; 26 N. Custrin.
Lon. 15. 3. E. Lat. 53. 4. N. Pop. 1,681.
Lipperode, X. Ger., in Lippe-Detmold, on the
Lippe ; 2 ENE. Lippstadt. Pop. 560.
Lippspring, t.Pru. Minden, at the source of the

Lippe ; 4 N. Paderborn, 16 S. Detmold. Pop,
1,117. This town is famous for being the place
where Charlemagne obliged the Saxons' to em
brace Christianity, and where he held three
councils. Lippey, §ee Leypa.
Lippstadt, X. Ger., on the Lippe ; 14 W. Pa
derborn, 35 SE. Munster. Lon. 8. 19. E. Lat.
51.41. N. Pop. 1,577. H. 573. It contains 4
Lutheran, 1 Catholic, and 1 Reformed church,
2 hospitals, a gymnasium, and a seminary. It is
situated in the Prussian government of Arens
berg, and belongs in common to Prussia and
Lippe-Detmold. Liprazzo, t Naples, in Capitanata; 17 WSW.
Manfredonia. Lips, X. fa castle, Hungary ; 6 N. Neusol.
Lipsk, X. Russia, in Minsk ; 28 WSW. Sluck.
Pop. 945.
Lipsk, X. Poland, in Sandomirz ; 30 N. Sando
mirz. H. 117.
Lipso, (an. LepsiaJ isl. in the Grecian Archi
pelago, about 8 miles in circumference ; 6 SSE,
Patmos. Lon. 26. 23. E. Lat. 37. 24. N.
Liptau, or Liplo Varmegye, co. Hungary, in
north part, intersected by a part of the Carpa
thian mountains. Pop. 63,403. Sq.m. 890. Chief
town, Szent-Miklos.
Lipuda, x. Naples, whieb runs into the sea, 5
S. Cape Alice.
Liqueois, see Lieou Kieou.
Lira, r. Italy, which runs into the Mera, at
Chiavena. Liria, (an. Edera fa EdetaJ X. Spain, in Va
lencia; 20 NNW. Valencia. Pop. 9,000. It con-"
tains 3 churches and 2 convents, and has man
ufactures of linen, soap, earthenware, and
brandy. Liris, now Garigliano.
Linn, x. France, which runs into the Orb, at
Beziers. Liry, X. France, in Ardennes ; 6 S. Vouziers.
Lis, lake, Russia, in Tobolsk, surrounded by
an extensive morass. Lon. 99. 14. E. Lat. 63.
5. N.
Lis, x. Russia, which rises from a lake of the
same name, and runs into the Enisei, Lon. 90.
14. E. Lat. 62. 20. N.
Lisubata, see Lissabatla.
Lis, see Lys.
Lisan Hotun, X. Corea ; 440 ENE. Peking.
Lisara, X. Albania ; 52 SSE. Albasano.
Lisberg, X. Upper Hesse .; 1 NE. Ortenberg.
Lisberg, X. Bavaria ; 3 NW. Burg Eberach.
Lisbon, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine ; 23 WNW.
Wiscasset, 168 NE. Boston, W. 690. Pop. 2,240.
Here is a woollen manufactory.
Lisbon, p-t. New-London co. Ct. ; 7 NNE.
Norwich, W. 372. Pop. 1,159.
Lisbon, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the
St. Lawrence ; 220 NW. Albany, W. 530. Pop.
930. Lisbon, X. Lincoln co. Georgia. Pop. 39.
Lisbon, (New,) or Pittsfield, p-t. Otsego co.
N. Y.; 10 SW. Cooperstown, 76 W. Albany, W.
357. Pop. 2,221.
Lisbin, (New,) p-t. fa cap. Columbiana co.
Ohio, on a branch of the Little Beaver ; 35 S.
Warren, 34 N. Steubenville, 56 NW. Pittsburg,
W. 283. Pop. 746. It is a very flourishing town,

LIS

933

LIS

and contains a court house, a jail, a Bank, a
public library, a printing office, and two brick
meeting houses. In 1805, it contained only 7
dwelling houses, and in 1817, 130. In the vi
cinity of the town, there are 4 merchant mills,
a paper mill, a furnace, a woollen manufactory,
and several other mills.
Lisbon, (an. Olisipa, Olissippa, or OlisiponaJ
city and capital of Portugal, on foe north bank
of the Tagus, 10 miles above its mouth ; 300 W.
by S. Madrid. Lon. 9. 8. W. Lat. 38. 42. N. H.
44,057. Pop. 230, or 240,000 ; by some estimat
ed at upwards of 300,000. It is the residence
of the king and his court ; also of a patriarch
and archbishop. It is built on 3 hills, and lies
along the river in the form of a half-moon, four
m. in length, and from 1 mile to 1 J in breadth.
It is unfortified, and open on all sides ; of the
ancient wall, there are but little remains. The
only military defence, is a small castle of little
importance. It is divided into 3 parts, called
Alfama, Bairro Alto, and Melo ; and has also 3
suburbs, Junqueira, Alcantara, fa Campo Gran
de; to which may be added Belem, a pleasant
town, adjoining Lisbon on the west, separated
only by a small river. The appearance of the
city at a distance, particularly on crossing the
river from the south-east, is extremely beautiful,
picturesque, and majestic. The great body of
water, the river here being nine miles wide ;
the number of ships which lie at anchor, and
cover it like a forest ; the city, extending in the
form of an amphitheatre, along successive ele
vations ; the hills in the back ground, covered
with villas, churches, and olive plantations, all
concur to form a picture which almost rivals
the view of Constantinople. But here, as in the
Turkish capital, the interior of foe city ill cor
responds to its external beauty. Some parts of
it, particularly those lately built, do not disap
point the impression excited by the appearance
at a distance ; but the great majority of foe
streets are narrow, irregular, and ill built.
Lisbon contains 13 squares, great and small,
40 parish churches, 99, chapels, 75 convents or
monasteries, and various hospitals. The princi
pal edifices are the patriarchal church, the royal
monastery of Belem, the church of St. Roque,
foe new church in the form of a cross, and the
royal hospital, which is on a great scale, and
admits 12,000 or 15,000 patients in a year. But
of the architectural curiosities, the greatest is
foe aqueduct, which, though not a half a mile
in length, passes in one part through a tunnel, in
another across a defile. The principal arch is a
Gothic, 107 feet wide, and accounted one of the
finest specimens of the kind in Europe. Lisbon
has an academy of sciences with an observa
tory and library, several other academies and
colleges, several public libraries, one of which
contains 80,000 volumes. The Lisbon Gazette
and a literary journal, the only publications of
foe kind in Portugal, are published here. — No
models of architecture are to be found among
the private houses or public edifices. Among
foe houses of the nobility, many are stately and
even splendid, but they are built without regard
to the rules of taste. A blind superstition, a
mean acquiescense under power, and a vindic
tive disposition, are charged upon the inhabi

tants. The appearance of the city is dull and
melancholy. The manufactures of Lisbon are mostly on a
small scale, but its commerce is extensive, com
prising all the colonial and three-fourths of the
foreign trade of the kingdom. The exports
consist of wine, fruits, salt, fac The average
number of vessels that visit it is about 2,000.
The harbour is uncommonly spacious and safe".
On the bank of the Tagus is a square called the
Praga de Commerico, from its being the resi
dence of a number of merchants, and contain
ing the exchange, the custom house, and the
India house. In front are the principal quays,
which excel in beauty every thing of the kind
in London or Paris.
On the 1st Nov. 1755, a great part of the city
was laid in ruins by one of the most fatal earthj
quakes ever experienced. The city then con
tained about 150,000 inhabitants. The shock
was instantly followed by the fall of every
church and convent, almost all the large public
buildings, and more than one fourth of the
houses. In about 2 hours after the shock, fires
broke out in different quarters, and raged with
such violence for the space of nearly 3 days,
that the city was completely desolated. This
happened on a holy-day, when the churches
and convents were full of people, very few of
whom escaped. The number of lives lost is
computed by some at 30,000, by others at
60,000.— Native, Camoens.
Lisburg, see Lysburg.
Lisbutn, p-t Cumberland co. Pa.; 15 S. Car
lisle, W. 110.
Lisburn, bor. Ireland, in Antrim, on the bor
ders of the county of Down ; 7 SSW. Belfast,
16 NNW. Downpatrick. Pop. 5,212. It is the
second town in size and commerce in the coun
ty, has an extensive linen manufacture, and
sends one member to parliament.
Lisca Bianca, (an. EuonymusJ one of foe
smallest of the Lipari islands ; 10 NE. LipariT33
W. Cape Vaticano.
Lischan, X. Bohemia, in Rakonitz ; 3 N. Ra
konitz. ,
Lischau, X. Bohemia, in Bechin ; 5 NE. Bud
weiss, H. 144.
Lischitz, X. Bohemia, Czaslau ; 8 N. Czaslau.
Lisciano, X. Naples, Otranto ; 8 SE. Tarento.
Liser, or Lieser, or Lyzer, x. Carinthia, which
rises in a lake, about 4 N. Gemund, and runs
into the Drave, 1 mile from Spital.
Liserhofen, X. Carinthia ; 5 W. Millstatt.
Lisianka, X. Russia, in Kiev; 112 S. Kiev
Pop. 2,742.
Lisicznick, t. Podolia ; 28 W. Kaminiec
Lisieux, (ancient Noviomagus, fa LexoviiJ X.
France, and principal place of a district, in
Calvados ; 30 E. Caen, 116 W. Paris. Lon. 0 19
E. Lat. 49. 9. N. Pop. 10,171. It has manufac
tures of cotton, linen, and flannel; and large
quantities of cider are made here; but the chief
occupation of the inhabitants of the town and
neighbourhood, is the rearing of cattle for the
Paris market. In the vicinity are the richest
and most extensive pastures in France. Before
the revolution it was the see of a bishop.
Lisignano, t. Istria ; 14 ESE. Pola.
Liskeard; X. Eng., in Cornwall ; 31 E, Truro,

LIS

934

LIT

221 WSW. London. Lon. 4. 41. W. Lat. 50. 27.
N. Fop. 2,708. It sends two members to parlia
ment. Market on Saturday.
Lislau, X. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 6 S. Benatek.
Lisle, p-t. Broome co. N. Y.; 15 N. Chenan
go, 125 SW. Albany, W. 306. Pop. 3,053.
Lisle, t. France, in Dordogne ; 9 ENE. Ribe-
rac,9NW.Perigueux. Pop. 1,221.
• Lisle, t. France, Yonne ; 7 NNE. Avallon.
Lisle, X. France, in Tarn. Pop. 5,230.
Lisle, see Lille.
Lislena, X. Sweden, Upland ; 16 SSW. Upsal.
Lismore, one of the Western islands of Scot
land, situated at the mouth of Loch Limine,
near the coast of the county of Argyle; 9 miles
long, and 1 J broad. It is fertile in oats, barley,
potatoes, and flax. 25 NW. Inverary. Lon. 5.
35. W. Lat. 56. 34. N. Pop. 1,323.
Lismore, X. Ireland, Waterford ; 26 NE. Cork,
31 WSW. Waterford. Lon. 7. 57. W. Lat. 52. 8.
N. It is the see of a bishop, united with Water
ford. The cathedral is spacious and handsome ;
it is situated on S. side of the Blackwater, and
was formerly a considerable city, with twenty
churches, an abbey, and a castle ; but it is now
a small mean place. — Native, R. Boyle.
Lisonzo, (an. SontiusJ x. which rises in Carni
ola, 1 E. Weissenfels, passes by Goritz, Lucinis-
sa, Gradisca, and runs into the gulf of Trieste.
Liss, X. Holland ; 8 N. Leyden.
Lissa, X. Silesia, in Breslau, on the Weistritz ;
1 WNW. Breslau, 27 E. Liegnitz. Lon. 16. 50. E.
Lat. 51. 7. N. In the year 1757, a battle was
fought near this town between the Prussians
under the command of the king, and the Aus
trians under count Daun, in which the latter
were defeated ; 6,000 Austrians were killed,
15,000 made prisoners, and an immense artillery
taken. Lissa, (an. IssaJ isl. in foe Adriatic, about 24
miles in circumference, near the coast of Dal
matia, celebrated for its commerce and its ma
rine. Lon. 16. 18. E. Lat. 43. 5. N. It abounds
in mountains, which contain marble, intersected
by fertile valleys ; vines, olives, mulberries, al
monds, and figs flourish ; and the mountains are
richly furnished with odoriferous plants, from
which the bees collect an exquisite kind of
honey ; but the principal riches of the island
arise from its fishery, especially of sardines
Lissa, the chief town, contains 2,509 inhabitants.
Lissa, or Lechno, X. Pru. Poland, in Posen ; 44
SSW. Posen, 55 W. Kalisch. Lon. 16. 35. W.
Lat. 51. 55. N. Pop. 7,598, of whom 3,677 are
Jews. It contains 1 Catholic, 1 Lutheran, and 2
Reformed churches, asynagogue,2hospitals, and
a gymnasium. The trade is considerable ; and
foe manufactures consist of woollens, furs, hard
ware, and wines.
Lissa, or Lissau,t. Bohemia, in Buntzlau, near
the Elbe ; 17 E. by N. Prague. Pop. 2,119.
Lissabatta, X. on N. coast of Ceram, inhabited
by a mixture of different people, sufficiently
troublesome to the Dutch. Lon. 128. 44. E. Lat.
2. 55. S.
Lissar, X. Persia, in Ghilan ; 60 NW. Reshd.
Lisser, r. Ger., which runs into the Bigge.
Lisserslorff, X. Austria ; 3 N. Stokerau.
Lissouen, X. Pru. ; 15 S. Marggrabowa.
Lisser, see Lese.r.

Lissus, now Alessio.
Listerland, cape on S. coast of Norway ; 20
NW. Lindesness.
Listvenistchna, t. Russia, in Irkutskoi, on the
Argun, on the confines of China ; 176 ENE.
Nertchinsk. Lat. 51. 44. N.
Li-siuen, t. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si; 7 S. Kan.
Lisysur Oureq, X. France,in Seine-and-Marne,
on the Marne ; 7 NE. Meaux. Pop. 1,198.
Litada, X. Negroponte, in the Grecian Archipel
ago ; 48 NW. Negroponte.
Lit, X. Sweden, Jamtland ; 10 N. Ostcrsund.
Litao, X. on NW. coast of the island of Timor.
Lon. 124. 42. E. Lat. 9. 2. S.
Litchfield, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine; 20 NW.
Wiscasset, 156 NNE. Boston, W. 602. Pop.
2,120. Litchfield, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H., on E.
side of the Merrimack ; 29 S. Concord, W.492.
Pop. 465.
Litchfield, co. Ct. ; bounded N. by Massachu
setts, E. by Hartford co., SE. by New Haven
co., SW. by Fairfield co., and W. by New Fork.
Pop. in 1810, 41,375, in 1820, 41,267.
Litchfield, p-t fa cap. Litchfield co. Ct.; 30 W.
Hartford, 31 NNW. New-Haven, W. 329. Lon.
73.37.W. Lat. 41. 50. N. Pop. 4,610. The prin
cipal village is delightfully situated on an ele
vated plain, affording extensive and beautiful
prospects. It was incorporated in 1818, and
contains a court house, a jail, a female academy,
a law school, a printing office, a bank, 84 dwel
ling houses, and two houses of public worship,
one for Congregationalists, and one for Episco
palians, and has some trade. In the township
there are nine houses of public worship, 4 for
Congregationalists, 4 for Episcopalians, and 1
for Baptists. In the parish of South Farms there
is another academy. It is a good agricultural
town, and contains numerous mills and manu
facturing establishments, among which are four
forges of iron, one slitting mill, one nail manu
factory, one cotton manufactory, one paper mill,
and five large tanneries. — Mount Tom, on foe
Western border of the township, is 700 feet
high. — There are four ponds in this township,
the largest of which, called Great pond, com
prizes 900 acres. There is a medicinal spring,
within half a mile of foe court house.
The law school in this town is a private in
stitution, established in 1784. The number of
students educated from 1784 to 1812, was
474. In 1818, there were 36 students,' and
two professors. The students in this semi
nary study the law by titles, in the order in
which the lectures are given. The mode of in
struction is by lecturing on the several titles of
the law in an established order. The course of
lectures occupies about 14 or 15 months. One
lecture is given every day. There are two va
cations of 4 weeks each ; one in May, the other
in October. The price of tuition is at the rate
of $ 100 a year.
Litchfield, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y.; 10 SW.
Herkimer, 10 S. Utica, W. 417. Pop. 1,729.
Litchfield, p-t. Grayson co. Ken.; W. 620.
Litchfield, srie Lichfield.
Li-tchin, t. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si ; 35 SE. Tsing.

LIT

935

LIV

Li-tchuen, t. Corea ; 30 SE. King-ki-tao.
Li-tchuen, X. Corea; 15 NW. Long-kouang.
Li-tcin, X. China, of the third rank, in Chan-
tong ; 20 E- Phi.
billiay, or Liley, Xk Carniola, on the Save ; 8
NNE. Weixelburg, 15 E. Laybach.
Lithuania, countiy, Europe, lying between
Prussia and Poland, now forming the 3 Russian
governments of Wilna, Grodno, and Minsk. It
was formerly divided into 2 parts, Lithuania
proper, and Samogitia ; and subdivided into 9
palatinates, viz. Wilna, Troki, Polocz, Novo
grodek, Witepsk, Brzesc, Msczislaw, Minsk, and
Livonia. The countiy is very flat, generally
sandy, intersected by vast marshes and bogs,
exhibiting everywhere the aspect of a neglect
ed and half civilized country. It is covered
with immense forests, abounding in bears,
wolves, wild boars, and other animals. The
Lithuanians are indolent, extremely poor, and
but little advanced in civilization. Their dress
is a coarse shirt, covered with a woollen cloak
and drawers, and sometimes merely a sheep
skin. Their shoes are made of bark. The coun
try has much good pasture, and produces corn,
buckwheat, honey, fac.
Lithuania, (Little,) or Prussian, country, Pru.,
about 100 m. in length, and 50 in breadth. The
principal towns are Memel, Tilsit, Gumbinnen,
Ragnit, and Insterberg. It is now included
chiefly in the government of Gumbinnen, in E.
Prussia. Litiz, or Leditz, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. ; 8 N.
Lancaster, W. 116. This is a very pleasant
Moravian village, containing 50 or 60 houses
built of stone and brick, and an excellent fe
male academy, which has about 70 pupils.
Liiomysl, see Leutmischl.
Litonomago, now Linlithgow.
Litopolis, see Bulac.
Litowisch, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 56 SW. Lucko.
Litrotond, X. A. Turkey, on SW. coast of Na
tolia. Lon. 27. 35. E. Lat. 36. 51. N.
Litschau, X. Austria; 14 WNW. Bohmisch
Waidhofen, 70 NW. Vienna. H. 162.
Litlau, X. Moravia, Olmutz; 8 NNE. Olmutz.
Lat. 49. 28. N. Pop. 2,162.
Littermore, isl. near W. coast of Ireland, and
county of Galway, about 4 miles long, and 2
wide. Lon. 9. 40. W. Lat. 53. 17. N.
Little Beaver Bridge, p-v. Columbia co. Ohio ;
W. 290.
Little Creek, hundred, in Kent co. Delaware
Pop. 1,963.
Little Creek, hundred, in SW. corner of Sus
sex co. Delaware. Pop. 2,851.
Little Falls, p-v. in foe township of Herki
mer, N. Y., on the Mohawk ; 71 W. Albany, W.
414. Little Mountain, mt. Dauphin co. Pa.
Little Rest, see Kingston, (South,) R. I.
Little River, r. Maine, which flows into the
Androscoggin, between Lisbon and Topsham.
Little River, x. N. C, which runs into the
Neuse, at Waynesborough.
Little River, x. N. C, which runs into Albe
marle sound, Lon. 76. 26. W. Lat. 36. 6. N.
Little Rock, p-t. fa seat of government of Ar
kansas Territory, in Pulaski co., on the south
bank of the Arkansas ; about 15p miles from its

mouth, by land, and 300 by water, W. 1,237.
Lat. 34. 34. N. It is situated on a bluff, on which
is a rock, the first that is seen in ascending foe
river, and from this rock it takes its name. It
was commenced in 1820, and though foe popu
lation is yet small, it is the most important town
in the territory, and contains the offices of gov
ernment, a land office, a printing office, and
several trading houses.
Litfte Sandy Salt Works, p-v. Greenup co.
Ken.; W. 481.
Little York, p-t. Hardin co. Ken. ; W. 665.
Little Valley, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y., on N.
side of the Alleghany ; 5 SW. Ellicottsville.
Pop. 484.
Littledry, i . N. A., which runs into the Mis
souri, 2,046 miles from the Mississippi.
Littleton, p-t. Grafton co. N. H., E. of foe
Connecticut ; 30 NNE. Haverhill, W. 543. Pop.
1,096. Littleton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 30 NW.
Boston, W. 465. Pop. 955. Its Indian name
was Nashobar.
Littleton, see Waterford, Vt.
Littleton, p-t. Warren co. N. C. ; W. 241.
Littleton's Island, small island in the Florida
stream. Lon. 81. 40. W. Lat. 24. 42. N.
Liltletown, p-t. Sussex co. Va. ; W. 183.
Liltorak, district, Dalmatia, on north coast,
including the towns of Trieste, Fiume, Bucca
ri, and Porto Re, with their dependences. It
formerly belonged to Croatia, but received a
civil government of its own, in 1776. It is now
included in the Austrian government of Iliyria.
Litzendorf t. Bavaria ; 6 ENE. Bamberg.
Litvintzova, X. Rus. Irkutsk ; 36 S. Ilimsk.
Livadia, pr. Eu. Turkey, bounded N. by Al
bania and Thessaly, E. by the Archipelago, S.
by the gulf of Lepanto, which separates it from
the Morea, and the gulf of Engia, and W. by
the Mediterranean ; 180 miles in length, from
NW to SE., and about 35 miles in its mean
breadth. This province comprehends what was
properly called Greece, which included Acarna-
nia, Aitolia, Ozolaa, Locris, Plwcis, Doris, Epik-
nemidia, Basotia, Megara, and Attica. In this
countiy are the celebrated mountains, so much
spoken of by the ancients, Parnassus, Helicon,
and Cythaeron. The places of most note, at
present, are Livadia, Athens, Salona, Dadi, and
Lepanto. Pop. 249,000.
Livadia, city, Eu. Turkey, capital of a prov
ince of the same name ; 28 N. Corinth, 72 W.
Larissa, 324 WSW. Constantinople. Lon. 23.54
E. Lat. 38. 37. N. Pop. 10,000. It is situated
east of Mount Helicon, on a steep declivity
divided by a rugged chasm. The streets are
narrow and ill-paved, foe bouses meanly built
and the town has a decayed appearance, but
carries on a considerable traffic. The chief at
traction in this place to travellers is the cave of
Trophonius, and the two streams, (the Lethe
and Mnemosyne of the ancients,) which here
emerge from their subterranean channels.)
When united they form the Henyna.
Livadosta, or Leftra, or Lefca, (an. Leuctra )
t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, on E. extremity of
the gulf of Lepanto ; 20 SE. Livadia. Leuctra
which was a town of Bceotia, was famous for a
victory obtained by Epaminondas over the

LIV

936

LIV

Lacedaemonians, 371 B. C. The remains of the
town are still considerable.
Livarot, X. France, in Calvados ; 8 SW. Lisi-
eux, 15 ENE. Falaise. Pop. 1,210,
Livat Water, r. Scot, which rises near Scalan,
in south part of Banff, and runs into the Avon,
2 miles above Kirkmichael.
Liubim, X. Russia, in Jaroslavl ; 40 NE. Jaros
lavl. Lon. 40. 50. E. Lat. 58. 55. N. Pop. 1,500.
Liubitch, X. Russia, in Tchernigov, on the
Dnieper; 20 W. Tchernigov. Lat. 51. 22. N.
Liuder, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 31 W. Calmar.
Livenen, narrow valley, Switz., in Tesin, at the
foot of Mount St. Gothard, about 20 m. in length,
watered by several small rivers and lakes. The
inhabitants are in number about 12,000 ; they
speak a corrupt Italian, are sober, robust, and
ingenious, but indolent. Faido is the principal
place. Livensk, X. Russia, in Voronez ; 80 SSW. Vo
ronez. Lon. 38. 10. E. Lat. 50. 25. N.
Livensk, (Niznei,) X. Russia, in Voronez ; 36
WSW. Voronez. Lat. 51. 8. N.
Livenza, r. Italy, which rises near Polcenigo,
and empties itself into foe gulf of Venice, 17 E.
Trevigio. Livermore, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; IS NE.
Paris, 165 NNE. Boston, W. 609. Pop. 2,174.
Liverpool, p-v. in Salina, Onondaga co. N.Y.,
on E. side of Onondaga lake ; 3 N. Salina vil
lage, 153 W. by N. Albany, W. 445. The in
habitants of this village are principally employ
ed in the manufacture of salt. It contained, in
1813, about 80 houses, and 35 salt works.
Liverpool, p-t. Cumberland co. Pa. ; 9 Harris
burg, W. 122.
Liverpool, p-t. Medina co. Ohio, on Rocky
river ; W. 350.
Liverpool, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 179.
Liverpool, p-t. Davis co. Indiana ; W. 702.
Liverpool, X. Eng., in Lancashire, the second
seaport in Great Britain, on NE. side ofthe
estuary of the Mersey, near- its mouth ; 17 N.
Chester, 37 W. Manchester, 50 S. Lancaster,
103 N. by W. Birmingham, 206 NW. London.
Lon. 2. 59. W. Lat. 53. 25. N. Pop. in 1700,
5,000; in 1760, 26,000; in 1790, 56,000; in
1801, 77,653; in 1811, 94,376, exclusive of
7,000 sailors ; in 1820, 118,632; males 54,345;
females 64,632. H. 11,784. The Mersey affords
excellent anchorage for any number of vessels
of any burden, but its entrance is intricate, be
ing much obstructed by sand-banks. The tides
rise from 20 to 30 feet at spring, and half as
much at neap tides, running past the town with
a very strong current. The town extends along
the eastern bank of the river about 3 miles, and
on an average about a mile inland. On the west
side, and forming a remarkable feature of the
town, lie the docks, which surpass in commo-
diousness those of any other port in Britain ;
and together with the wharfs, ware houses, fac.
extend in an immense range along the bank of
the river. By a great system of canal naviga
tion, Liverpool has an inland communication
with all parts of England ; and its prosperity is
promoted by the abundance of coal in Lanca
shire, which draws to its neighbourhood great
manufacturing establishments.
The most important branch of the commerce

of Liverpool is its trade with Ireland; the
second, the trade with the United States ; and
the third, that of the West Indies. It has, be
sides, a great trade with other parts of the world.
Liverpool possesses three fourths of the whole
commerce of foe kingdom with the United
States ; and it is estimated to engross one
fourth of the foreign trade of Great Britain, one
sixth of its general trade, to furnish one twelfth
of its shipping, and in imports and exports to
equal half those of London. The number of
vessels that arrived here, in 1813, was 5,341 ;
in 1816, 6,888; and in 1819, 7,849, carrying
867,318 tons, and paying duties £110,127.
The streets are generally spacious and airy,
some of them elegant, and the greater part
lighted with gas. The houses are of brick,
covered with slates, and the public buildings
are in a style of elegance and splendour. The
most remarkable of these are the town-hall,
exchange buildings, corn exchange, lyceum,
athenaeum, Wellington rooms, infirmary, work
house, blue-coat school, dispensary, and asylum,
for the blind. There are 46 houses of public
worship ; 20 for the establishment, 7 for Meth
odists, 4 for Catholics, 4 for Baptists, 3 for In
dependents, 2 for English Presbyterians, 2 for
Scotch Piesbyterians, 1 for Glassites, 1 for
Quakers, 1 for Swedenborgians, and a Jews'
synagogue. The charitable institutions are
numerous, liberally supported, and well con
ducted. Among the literary establishments, is the
Royal Liverpool Institution, opened in 1817,
possessing a philosophical , apparatus, and a
museum of natural history. Public lectures are
delivered, and classical and mathematical in
struction given. A botanic garden was estab
lished in 1801, at the expense of about £10,000,
and now ranks with foe first in the kingdom.
The lyceum contains a news room, and a libra
ry of 10,000 volumes ; and the athenaeum con
tains also a news room and a library of 8,000
volumes. — Liverpool sends 2 members to par
liament. Principal market days, Wednesday
and Saturday.
Liverpool, X. Nova Scotia, in Queen's county,
on the S. coast; 20 NE. Shelburn,45 SW. Hal
ifax. It is situated on a bay of the same name.
It is a flourishing, commercial town, and con
tains about 200 houses.
Liversedge, X. Eng., Yorkshire, in the West
Riding ; 5 NE. Huddersfield. Pop. 2,837.
Livesa, X. France, in East Pyrenees ; 4 NE,
Puycerda, 21 SW. Prades.
Livignac, t. France, in Aveiron ; 4 N. Albin.
Livingston, co. N. Y., formed from Ontario
co. in 1821, and intersected by the Genesee;
bounded N. by Monroe co., E. by Ontario co.,
S. by Steuben and Alleghany cos., and W. by
Genesee co. Pop. 18,444. Chief towns, Geneseo
and Moscow.
Livingston, p-t. Columbia co. N.Y., on E. side
of the Hudson; 10 S. Hudson, W. 337. Pop.
1,938. Livingston, p-t. Essex co. N. J.; W. 221.
Pop. 1,056.
Livingston, co. W. part of Ken., on the Ohio.
Pop. in 1810, 3,474 ; slaves 718. Pop. in 1820,
5,824. Chief town, Smithland.
Livingston, X. Pickaway co. Ohio ; 3 SE. Cir
cleville.

LIU

937

LLA

Livingston, X. Miami co. Ohio, on the Miami ;
15 N. Dayton, 62 W. Columbus.
Livingstonville, p-v. in Broome, Schoharie co.
N. Y. ; Wv 378.
Liviniere, (La,) X. France, in Herault; 12 S.
St. Pons, 24 W. Beeiers.
Liung, X. Sweden, in West Gothland; 8 S,
Uddevalla. Liung, X. Sweden, East Gothland ; 8 NNW.
Linkioping. Liunga, ox Junga, i. Sweden which rises in
Harjedalen, and takes the name of Niurunda,
at Hafro, in Medelpad.
Liungby, t. Sweden, in Schonen ; 16 E. Hel-
singborg Lh-iii, t. Russia, in Orel, on the Sosva ; 84 E.
Orel. Lon. 38. 22. E. Lat. 52. 58. N. Pop. 3,600.
Lit; Oe, small isl. Denmark, in Lymfiord gulf;
its form is like a tadpole, with a long tail run
ning out from its S. shore, a mile and a half in
length, called Liv Tap. On the island is a vil
lage. Lon. 9. 6 E. Lat. 56. 53. N.
Livonia, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y. ; 20 SW.
Canandaigua, W. 356. Pop. 2,427.
Livonia, p-t. Orange co. Indiana ; 12 miles
from Salem ; W. 644.
Livonia, p-t. Washington co. Indiana ; 12 W.
Salem, W. 644.
Livonia, gov. Russia, bounded N. by Estho-
nia, E. by St. Petersburg and Pskov, S. by Po
lotsk and Courland, and W. by the gulf of
Livonia. It consists partly of woods and mo
rasses, and partly of a fertile soil, which yields
the inhabitants all the necessaries of life iri
great plenty. The air is clear and salubrious ;
and though the winter is long and severe, and
the summer, consequently, but short ; yet the
heat of the climate, during the latter season, is
such, that the grain sown both in summer and
winter, ripens at the proper time. In a plenti
ful year, when the crops have not failed, the
inhabitants export many thousand lasts of rye
and barley to Holland, Spain, and other for
eign countries; hence Livonia is called the
granaiy of the north. Vast quantities of flax,
hemp, linseed, leather and skins, are exported
from hence. The country is thinly inhabited,
and the lower ranks live in a state of great de
gradation, their education and morals being
entirely neglected. It is also called TAe Gou-
ernmentofRiga, from the capital. It is divided
into 5 circles, Riga, Wenden, Dorpat, Pernau,
and Arensberg. Sq. m. 19,S96. Pop. 590,000 ;
660,000 Lutherans ; 6,000 Greek church ; 3,000
Catholics. Livorgne, X. Piedmont; 7 W. Aosta.
Livorno, see Leghorn
Livomo, X. Piedmont ; 4 N. Crcscentino, 11
NE. Chivasso. Pop. 3,5S8.
Liur, t. Sweden, in West Gothland ; 33 NE.
Gottenburg. Livron, t. France, in Dr&me ; 7 W. Crest, 10
S. Valence. Pop. 2,100.
Livry, X. France, Seine-and-Oise; 9 NE. Paris.
Liusdal, X. Sweden, Helsingland ; 32 WNW.
Hudwickswall. Liusnan, x. Sweden, which rises in the moun
tains of Harjedalen, and runs into the gulf of
Bothnia, 8 S. Soderhapnn. Lon. 17. E. Lat. 61
15. N. Vol. I. 118

Liusnebruck, X. Sweden, in Helsingland ; 5 S.
Soderhamn. Liuslerno, isl. of Sweden, in the Baltic. Lon.
18. 30. E. Lat 59. 30. N.
Liusudborg, X. Sweden, Nericia ; 40N.Orebrrf.
Liuslorp,X. Sweden, in Medelpadia; 15 N.
Sundswall. Liutzin, X. Russia, in Polotsk ; 60 NNW. Po
lotsk. Lon. 27. 34. E. Lat. 56. 25. N.
Liw, X. Poland ; 40 E. Warsaw.
Lixeme, X. Prussia ; 5 SSW. Saalfeldt.
Lixheim, or Lixeim, X. Prance, in Meurte ;*3
NE. Sarburg, 9 W. Savern. Pop. 964.
Lixos, now Luccos.
Lixtoer, see Logstoer.
Lixuri, X. Cephalonia; 12 W. Cephalonia,
Pop. 6,000. Bp. see. It has a harbour with con
siderable trade.
Lixus, see Rio de Ouro, and Lucros.
Li-yang, X. China, of foe third rank, in Ki
ang-nan ; 25 SW. Tchan-tcheou.'
Lizard Island, one of foe islands called Direc
tion Islands, in the S. Pacific ocean, about 240
miles in circ, in general very rocky and bar
ren ; 20 NE. Cape Flattery.
Lizard Island, one of the smaller Bahama
islands. Lizard, (The,) ox Lizard Point, promontory
on S. coast of Cornwall, and most southern
point of land in England, at N. entrance of the
English channel. Lon. 5. 12. W. Lat 49.59.N.
Lizou-tcheou, city, China, ofthe first rank, in
Quang-si, on the river Long ; 1,037 SSW. Pe
king. Lon. 108. 47. E. Lat. 24. 12. N.
Msy, X. France, Seine-and-Marne. Pop. 1,200.
Llala, t. Peru, in Lima ; 100 N. Lima.
Llamas, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Chili. Lat. 45. 50. S.
Llamelin, X. Peru, Lima, in Guanuco.
Llanarth, X. S. Wales, in Cardigan, with a
market on Tuesday; 15 W. Llanbeder, 212 W.
London. Lat. 52. 14. N. Pop. 826.
Llanbadorn Four, X. Wales, in Cardigan, on
the Rheidal ; 203 NW. London. It is a very an
cient town, once called Mawritdria.
Llanbadrig, X. N. Wales, in the island of An
glesea ; 4 W. Almwch. Pop. 957.
Llanavanvaur, t. S. Wales, Brecknockshire ;
3 NW. Builth. Pop. 633.
Llanbeder, X. S. Wales, in Cardigan, on the
Tivy, with a weekly market on Saturday ; 24
ENE. Cardigan, 197 W. London. Lon. 4. 6. W.
Lat. 52. 11. N. Pop.i692.
Llanbeder, x. S. Wales, which runs into the
Artro, near the town of Llanbeder.
Llanberis, v. Wales, in Caernarvon ; 10 E.
Caernarvon. Pop. 438.
Llandaff, city, S. Wales, in Glamorganshire,
on the river Tave ; 2 N. Cardiff, 166 W. Lon
don. Lon. 3. 8. W. Lat. 51. 23. N. Pop. 504. It
is styled a city on account of its being the see
of a bishop, but bas no market, and the vil
lage, with a few exceptions, consists of mis
erable cottages. The cathedral is a handsome
building. The river forms a good harbour, about
4 mites from the mouth of foe Severn.
Llandilpvawr, or Llandeilo Fawr, X. S, Wales,
in Caermarthen, on the Towy, with a weekly
market on Saturday ; 29 WSW. Brecon, 194
W. London. Lon, 4. W. Lat. 61. 56. N. Pop.

LLA

938

LO

776. Here is a considerable manufacture of
flannel. Llandovery, or Llanimdovery, t. S. Wales, in
Caermarthen, on the Towy ; over which is a
stone bridge ; 29 ENE. Caermarthen, 188 W.
London. Lon. 3. 47. W. Lat. 51. 59. N. Pop.
617. It has a weekly market on Friday.
Llanerchymedb, X. Wales, in the island of An
glesea; 11 E. Holyhead. Market on Wednes
day, which is the largest and best in the island.
Llonelly, or Llanelthy, X. S. Wales, in Caer
marthen ; 11 W. Swansea, 216 W. London.
Lon. 4. 8. W. Lat. 51. 41. N. Pop. 3,891. Itde-
riyes its chief support and importance from the
abundance of coal and iron in the neighbour
hood, which have given rise to extensive man
ufactures. Llanes, X. Spain, in Asturia, near N. coast ;
52 ENE. Oviedo.
Llanfair, X. Wales, in Montgomery ; 14 N.
Newton, 180 W. by N. London. Pop. 1,855.
Llangadock, t S. Wales, in Caermarthen,
with a weekly market on Thursday ; 23 WSW.
Brecon, 185 W. Loudon. Lon. 3. 49. W. Lat.
51. 55. N. Pop. 1,964.
Lldngatlock, X. S. Wales, in Brecknock, on the
Usk, opposite to Crickhowel. Pop. 816.
Llangevelaeh, X. S. Wales, Glamorganshire ;
4 N. Swansea. Pop. 2,217.
Llangollen, t. N. Wales, in Denbigh, with a
weekly market on Saturday ; 30 SSE. Den
bigh, 192 NW. London. Lon. 3. W. Lat 53. 6.
N. Pop. 1,400. Near it are the ruins of a for
tress, called Dinas-Bran.
Llnindrod, v. S. Wales, in Radnorshire, near
which are some medicinal springs ; 8 W. New
Radnor. Llanos, (Los J X. Mexico, in Mechoacan ; 100
NNE. Mechoacan.
Llanos, (Los J see St. Juan de los Llanos.
Llanos de Manso, see Yapizlago.
Llanos de Almeria, t. Spain, in Grenada, on
the coast of foe Mediterranean ; 20 WSW. Al
meria. Llanrwst, X. N. Wales, Denbigh, market on
Wednesday ; 12 S. Aberconway, 219 N W. Lon
don. Lon. 4. W. Lat 53. 7. N. Pop. 2,502.
Llamtephan, small fishing town, S. Wales, in
Caermarthen, at the mouth of the Towy. The
chief trade is coals; 6 NW. Kidwelly, 232
WNW. London. Lon. 4. 25. W. Lat. 51. 48. N.
Llanstephan Point; cape on S. coast of Wales,
in the Bristol channel, at the mouth of the
Towy. Llantrissent, X. S. Wales, in Glamorgan, with
a weekly market on Friday ; 39 WSW. Mon
mouth, 166 W. London. Lon. 5. 22. W. Lat.
51. 25. N. Pop. 2,129.
Llanmylling, X. N. Wales, Montgomery, with
a weekly market on Saturday ; 10 NW. Welsh
Pool, 179 NW. London. Lon. 3. 9. W. Lat. 52.
42. N. Pop. 1,508.
Llanwrtyd Wells, medicinal spring of S.
Wales, in. Brecknockshire ; 12 W. Buiith.
Llanydlos, or Llanidloes, X. N. Wales, Mont
gomery, with a weekly market on Saturday ;
19 SW. Montgomery, 180 NW. London. Lon.
3. 30. W. Lat. 62. 20. N. Pop. 2,386.
Llanymddovery, see Llandovery.
Llata, X. Peru, in Lima ; 90 m. from Lima.

' Llaugharn, t. S. Wales, Caermarthen, on W.
side of the Towy, at its mouth, market on Fri
day ; 23 E. Haverfordwest, 233 W. London.
Lon. 4. 27. W. Lat. 51. 46. N, Pop. 468.
Lledder, r. Wales, in Caernarvon, which runs
into the Conway, 11 S. Aberconway.
Lleding, r. Wales, in Montgomery, which
runs into the Severn, near Welch Pool.
Lleggy, r. Wales, in Caernarvon, which runs
into the Conway, 10 S. Aberconway.
Llendelafaya, X. Spain, in Asturia; 8 SW.
Oviedo. Llenony, x. Wales, in Caernarvon, which runs
into the Irish sea, 5 SSW. Caernarvon.
Llerena, t. Spain, Estramadura ; 63 E. Cor
dova, 53 N. Seville. Lon. 5. 59. W. Lat. 38. 7.
N. Pop. 7,300. It belongs to the knights of the
order of St. lago.
Llerena, X. Mexico, in Zacatecas ; 80 NNW.
Zacatecas. Lon. 104. 46. W. Lat. 23. 48. N.
Lleueny, r. Wales, which runs into the Wye.,
about 3 S. Hay.
Lleyngoryl, x. N. Wales, in foe county of Me
rioneth, which runs into the Irish sea, 3 S. Bar
mouth. Lliria, X. Spain, in Valencia ; 18 S. Segorbe.
Llivia, (an. Julia Libyca,) X. Spain, in Cata
lonia, in the Pyrenees, near the source of the
Segre ; 6 NE. Puycerda.
Llobregat, x. Spain, in Catalonia, which runs
into the Mediterranean, 9 W. Barcelona.
Llobregat, small river, Spain, which divides
the dominions of France from Catalonia, and
runs into the sea, near Rosas.
Lloglior, or Llwghor, r. Wales, which runs
into the Bristol channel, near Llanelthy.
Lloglior, or Llwghor, l. S. Wales, in Glamor
ganshire, on a river of the same name, men
tioned by Antoninus under the name of Leu-
carum; 6 NW. Swansea, 212 W. London. Pop.
583. Llomsa, t. Poland, on the Narew ; 70 NNE.
Warsaw. Llorel, X. Spain, on SE. coast of Catalonia;
20 NE. Mataro. Lon. 4. 42. E. Lat. 41. 42. N.
Llowitsch, X. Poland ; 24 NW. Rava.
Lloyd, p-v. Essex co. Va. ; W. 105.
Lloyd, x. N. Wales, which runs into the Sev
ern, near Llanydlos.
Lloyd's Lake, bay on S. coast of East Florida.
Lon. 80. 50. W. Lat. 25. 18. N.
Lloydsburg, p-t. Fairfax co. Va. ; W. 16.
Lloydsville, p-v. Otsego co. N. Y., in Plain-
field ; W. 504.
Lluch Mayor, X. Majorca; 15 ESE. Palma.
Pop. 5,427.
Llue, x. N. Wales, which runs into Pemble
Meer, in Merionethshire.
Llulla and CAittars, jurisdiction, Peru, in the
bishoprie of Truxillo. The principal commerce
is in tobacco and almonds.
Llyn Savathan, lake, S.Wales, in Brecknock
shire ; 4 E, Brecknock.
Llynan, x. N. Wales, which runs into the Irish
sea, about 5 S. Caernarvon.
Lo, l . China, which rises in Chen-si, and runs
into the Hoang, 12 SE. Tong.
Lo, r. China, which rises 7 m. S. Sin-nhing,
in Hou-quang, and runs into the Heng, near
Siang-yn.

LOA

939

LOB

Lo, x. Eng., which rises in Cornwall, and runs
* into the sea, below Helstone.
Loa,r.Peru, which runsinto the Pacific ocean,
Lat. 21. 30. S.
Loanda, or Loando, isl. in foe Atlantic, near
foe coast of Angola, about 18 miles in length,
and a mile wide, divided from the continent
by a narrow channel, which forms a good har
bour. The soil is unfruitful for grain ; but
fruits, such as oranges, figs, citrons, fac. abound.
It contains 7 or 8 villages. On the coast are
found shell-fish, called zimbi, used for money
by the natives, like cowries in the Indies. Lat.
8. 50. S.
Loanda, or Loando, or St. Paul de Loanda,
s-p. city, Angola, in a province of the same
name, capital of the Portuguese possessions in
this part of Africa. Lon. 13. 22. E. Lat. 8. 55. S.
Pop. stated by Clarke at 5,000 ; by Hassel at
18,000. It is pleasantly situated on the declivity
of a hill, near the sea-coast, and the streets are
wide and regular. It covers a large extent of
ground, but is neither walled nor fortified. It
is the scat of a bishop, and contains 3 convents.
The port is safe and spacious ; the country
around pleasant and fertile, abounding in cattle,
corn, and fruits ; provisions plentiful and cheap,
but the water bad, and must be brought from a
neighbouring river, on an, island opposite. It
has been described as containing 3,000 houses
belonging to the Portuguese, all built of stone
and mortar ; the houses of the natives being
much more numerous, but mean ; and the
Jesuits officiating as priests and presiding over
the schools, were said to have 12,000 pupils
under them:
Loanghilly, X. Africa, in Loango ; the usual
burying-place of the emperor ;, 10 S. Loango.
Loango, country, Western Africa, of limits
somewhat vague. The country subject to the
king of Loango extends from the Zaire or Con
go, on the south, to Cape St Catherine, a-coast
of upwards of 400 miles ; but Loango proper
occupies only the middle part, excluding Ma-
yomba on one side, and Malemba on the other.
— The climate is described as fine, rain of rare
occurrence, and never violent, but dews abun
dant ; the soil a red stiff clay and very fertile,
but little cultivated ; the grains are manioc,
maize, and a species of pulse, called msangen ;
the sugar cane grows to a great size ; palm-
trees are abundant ; also potatoes and yams,
and the finest fruits grow wild. Among the
. animals are tyger-cats, ounces, hyaenas, hares,
and antelopes. The countiy is thinly inhabited;
the population estimated by Degrandpre at
600,000. The inhabitants are very indolent, and
live in the most simple manner. Their houses
are formed of straw and junk, roofed withpalm
leaves. The government is despotic, and the
dignity is transmitted only in the female line.
Almost the only object for which Europeans re
sort to this coast is the trade in slaves. While
Loango was in the height of its power, its port
was almost the exclusive theatre of this trade,
but now Mayomba, Malemba, and Cabenda are
equally visited. The slaves brought to Loango
for sale are partly Mayombas, partly Quibangas,
and Montekes. The trade has of late much
diminished.

Loango, city fa capital of Loango, on a river
which forms a bay at its mouth, about 6 miles
from the Atlantic. Lon. according to captain
Tuckey, 12. 30. E. Lat 4. 40. N. It is about.4
miles in circuit, containing only about 600 in-
elosures, in each of which there is a number of
cottages, and the inhabitants are computed at
15,000. The land in the vicinity is very fertile,
and the water excellent. The entrance of the
bay is attended with some danger. The town
is called also Lovango, Loangiri, Banga, and
i?uaii ; by the natives, Borai or Boori.
Loango, x. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 10. 30. S.
Loang-tsching, X. China, of the third rank, in
Pe-tche-li ; 15 S. Tcbing-ting.
Loano, or Lovano, t. Genoa, near the sea ; 6
SSW. Finale, 35 SW. Genoa. Pop. 3,500.
Loare, or Loarre, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 13 S.
Jaca. Loardega, X. Hind., Bahar ; 40 S. Palamow.
Loaves, (Two,) two rocks, or small islands in
the E. Indian sea ; 15 NE. island of Madura.
Lobau, X. W. Prussia ; 44 E. Culm. P. 1,300.
Lobau, or Liebe, oxLobije, X. Sax. Lusatia; 10
SW. Goriitz, 12 ESE. Bautzen. Lon. 14. 46. E.
Lat 51. 7. N. Pop. 2,383. It is one ofthe most
ancient towns of the province, and contains 2
churches, 3 chapels, a hospital, and a Latin
school. The chief trade is in linen and thread.
Lobau, isl. Austria, in foe Danube ; a few
miles below Vienna.
Lobbes, see Obbes, (V)
Lobegun, t. Pru. Magdeburg ; 25 N. Leipsic-,
36 S. Magdeburg. Pop, 1,759.
Lobeda, X, Weimar ; 3 SSE. Jena. Lon. 11.
30. E. Lat. 50. 52. N. Pop. 915.
Lobedian, t. Russia, in Tambov ; 100 WNW.
Tambov. Lon. 38. 50. E. Lat. 53. 28. N.
Loben, see Lowen.
Lobenliayn, X. Sax., in Meissen ; 2 SE. Lauen
stein. Lobenstein, X. Ger., in Reuss, capital of the
principality, and the residence of the prince, on
the Lemnitz ; 26 N. Bayreuth, 26 SW. Greitz.
Lon. 11. 50. E. Lat 50. 21. N.- Pop. 2,716. H,
420. It is a well built town, and contains a
castle and a gymnasium.
Lobenstein, castle, Silesia ; 3 SSE. Jagern-
dorf. Lobera, t. Spain, in Aragon ; -20 WSW. Jaca,
Lobes, X. Bohemia, Buntzlau ; 9 WNW. Jung
Buntzlau. Lobes, one of the smaller Canary islands be
tween Lancerotta and Fortaventura. Lon. 13.
40. W. Lat. 28. 50. N.
Lobetze, see Lobes.
Lobije, see Lobau.
Lobith,X. Pru. Cleves; 3 NW. Emmerick.
Loblolly Bay, bay of Antigua, on W. coast.
Loblotow, X. Aust. Galicia ; 36 SE. Halicz.
Looming, X. Stiria; 2 SE. Knitterfeldt
Lobo,X. on south coast of the island of Lucon.
Lon. 121. 10. E. Lat. 13. 40. N.
Lobon, X. Spain, in Estramadura ; 12 W. Me
rida. Lobos, small island in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Africa. Lat. 21. 20. N.
Lobos, small isl. at the mouth of the La Plata ;
15 SW. Cape St. Maria. Lat. 35. N.

LOG

940

LOG

Lobos, small isl. in foe gulf of Mexico, on the
coast of Guasteca. Lat. 22. 28. N.
Lobos, islands in foe Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Peru. They are about 21 m. from each
other, and not far from the coast of Peru, in
Lat. 6. 25. and 6. 45. S. These also are called
Seo Wolves, or Seals Islands.
Lobos, cluster of small islands in the South
Pacific ocean, near foe coast of Chili. Lat. 52.
20. S.
Lobos Key, or Seal Key, small isl. among the
Bahamas. Lon. 77. 44. W. Lat. 22. 45. N.
Lobres, X. Spain, in Grenada; 7 N. Motril.
Lobsens, or Lobzenico, t. W. Prussia, in Brom
berg, on foe Lobzanka ; 57 WNW. Thorn. Pop.
1,840. Lobskoi, (PalanskoiJ X. Russia, in Olonetz,
near the lake Sig; 52 WNW. Povenetz.
Lobstadt, X. Sax., Leipsic; 2 NW. Borna.
Lobva, x. Russia, which runs into the Lialia,
in Ekaterinburg ; 20 E. Verchotura.
Loburg, X. Pru. Magdeburg ; 22 E. Magdeburg.
Pop. 1,552.
Locagnano, X. Corsica ; 12 N. Bastia.
Locana, X. Piedmont, on the Oreo, in a valley,
called the Valley of Locana ; 21 S. Aosta, 23
NW. Turin. Pop. 5,000.
Locarno, see Lago Maggiore.
Locarno, one of the Italian bailiwicks; ceded
to the Switz cantons by Maximilian Sforza,
duke of Milan, in the year 1512. It is situated
near NW. coast of Lago Maggiore. It produces
some corn, wine, chestnuts, and abundance of
fruit and silk. Pop. about 20,000.
Locarno, ox Luggarus,X. Swifz., in Tesin, chief
place in foe above bailiwick, near Lago Maggio
re ;22 ENE. Domo d'Oscella, 23 SW.Chiaven-
na. Lon. 8. 35. E. Lat. 45. 59. N. Pop. 1,200. It
was once situated on the lake, with a port for
barks, but is now at about \ mile distance.
Locase, X. Italy ; 6 S. Milan.
Locco, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, on the
Pescara ; 10 N. Sulmona.
LocA Achamish, bay en NW. coast of the isl
and of Mull. Lon. ofthe mouth, 6. 16. W. Lat.
56. 36. N.
Loch Achastiel, bay, Scot, on the W. coast of
Argyle, opening into the sound of Jura. This,
in Campbell's map, is called LocA Swine. Lon.
ofthe mouth, 5. 40. W. Lat. 55. 59. N.
LocA Aehoury, bay,' on north side of Loch
Linnhe. Lon. 6. 40. W. Lat. 56. 35. N.
Loch Achrakil, bay on W. coast of Scot., and
county of Ross, south of Loch Terridon.
Loch Achune, bay on NW. coast of Mull. Lon.
6. 12. W. Lat. 56. 37. N.
Loch Alarich, lake, Scot., in the county of
Perth ; 10 S. George's town.
LocA Alfarrig, lake, Scot, in the county of
Inverness ; 14 NW. Fort Augustus.
Loch Anacat, lake, Scot, in the county of
Ferth; 11 SE. George's town.
LocA Ann, bay on W. coast of Scot., which
communicates with Mull sound, Lon. 5. 48. W.
Lat. 56. 33. N.
Loch Anstronmum, lake, Scot., in the county
of Perth ; 4 NW. George's town.
Loch Archeig, lake, Scot., in the county of
Inverness, 10 m. long, and 1 broad; 12 N. Fort
William-

Loch Ardvar, bay, Scot, on W. coast of the
county of Sutherland. Lon. 5. 7. W. Lat. 58.
14. W.
LocA Asynt, bay, Scot., on NW. part of the
county of Ross, which communicates with Loch
Inver. Loch Aven, lake, Scotland, in SW, part of
Bamffshire ; 12 S. Inveraven.
Loch Awe, lake, Scot, in the county of Ar
gyle, 22 miles long, and from J m. to l\ wide;
7 NW. Inverary.
Loch Aylort, or Haylorl, bay on W. coast of
Scotland. Lon. of the mouth, 5. 45. W. Lat.
56. 50. N.
Loth Baa, lake on the isl. of Mull, S. of Loch
Nagaul, with which it communicates.
Loth Badcaal, bay, Scot, on W. coast of foe
county of Sutherland ; 20 S. Cape Wrath. Lon.
5. 5. W. Lat. 58. 18. N.
Loch Bahnacaplich, strait, between foe isl. of
Benbecula, and the isl. of Grimsey.
LocA Balnakyle, bay on NW. coast of Lewis.
Lon. 7. 4. W. Lat. 58. 6. N.
Loch Barnera, lake, or inlet of foe sea, on NW.
coast of the island of Lewis; 11 W. Stornaway.
Lon. 6. 56. W. Lat. 58. 12. N.
Loch Bay, bay on west coast of Skye ; 6 S.
Vaternish point Lon. 6. 34. W. Lat. 68. 33. N.
LocA Boisdale, bay on E. coast of South Uist.
Lon. 7. 44. W. Lat. 57. 7. N.
Loch Bracadak, bay on west coast of Skye ;
5 SE. Copnahow Head. Lon. 6. 24. W. Lat. 57.
21. N.
Loch Brittle, bay on west coast of Scot., in
Skye, N. Dunan point. Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat. 57.
10. N.
LocA Brotwm,bay on SE. coast of Lewis. Lon.
6. 30. W. Lat. 57.55. N.
LocA Broom, bay on west coast of Scot, 7 m.
long, and 2 broad, which communicates with
Loch More. ' Lon. of the mouth, 5. 13. W. Lat.
57. 56. N
Loch Broom, (Little,) bay on west coast of
Scot., 8 miles long, and 1 broad ; 8 SE. Udrigil
head. Lon. 5. 16. W. Lat. 67. 52. N.
LocA Broom, parish, Scot, in the county of
Ross, at S. end of Loch Broom lake ; 25 WNW.
Dingwall. Pop. 3,754.
LocA Buy, bay on S. coast of the isl. of Mull.
Lon. 6.52. W. Lat. 56.21. N.
LocA Calaway, or Calva, bay on W. coast of
Scot.; 21 S. Cape Wrath. Lon. 5. 6. W. Lat. 58.
15. N.
LocA Castle, bay on W. coast of the island of
lllay. Lon. 6. 26. W. Lat. 55. 53. N.
LocA Costtc Semple, lake, Scot, in the county
of Renfrew ; 6 SW. Paisley.
Locfr. Catherine, lake, Scot., in SW. part of the
county of Perth, about six miles in length ; 20
WSW. Crieff.
; LocA Chaad, bay on NW. coast of the isl. of
Coll. Lon. 6. 36. W. Lat. 56. 37. N.
Loch Cheasbay, bay on E. side of South Uist.
Lon. 7. II. W. Lat.57. 19.N.
Loch Gash, bay on NW. coast of Scotland ; 8
NNW. Dingwall.
Loch Gay, bay on SE. coast of Lewis ; 18
SSW. Stornaway. Lon. 6. 34. W. Lat. 57.
55. N.
Loch Colm, bay on the coast of Skye, with an
island ; 3 SE. Snisort Kirk.

LOC

941

LOC

LocA Graignisch, bay on W. coast of Seat-
land ; 21 WSW: Inverary. Lon. 5. 32. W. Lat.
66. 9. N.
LocA Creran, bay an W. coast of Scotland.
LocA Craon, bay on W. coast of Scot.; 21
SW. Inverary. Lon. 5. 29 W. Lat. 56. 7. N.
LocA Dalrcach, lake, Scot, in the county of
Ayr; 10 SSE. Ayr.
LocA Dumb, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 7 S. George's Town.
LocA Dee, lake, Scot, in the county of Kir
cudbright ;412 NW. New Galloway.
Loch Dtrculoch, lake, Scot, in the county of
Perth; 7 S. Blair Athol.
LocA Dirantadlin, lake, Scot., in the counties
of Argyle and Perth ; 7 SW. George's Town.
LochDoine, I ake ,Scot ., in the county of Perth ;
20. WSW. Crieff.
LocA Don, bay on E. coast of Mull. Lon. 6. 44.
W. Lat. 56. 29. N.
LocA Druinard, lake, on NW. side of the
island of Illay. Near it was fought the battle
of Traii-dhruinard, in 1598, between the Lord
ofthe isles, and sir Lauchlan Maclean, of Mull.
Loch Drumelly, lake, Scot., in the county of
Perth ; 7 NW. Coupar.
LocA Duich, bay on W. coast of Scot. Lon.
ofthe mouth, 5. 40. W. Lat. 57. 15. N.
LocA Dungeon, or Hourn, bay on E. coast of
Lewis ; 9 S. Stornaway. Lon. 6. 20. W. Lat. 58.
3. N.
LocA Duntelchali, lake, Scot., in the county of
Inverness ; 20 NE. Fort Augustus.
LocA Eil, lake, Scotland, in the county of In
verness, 8 miles long, and 1 broad, near Fort
William. LocA Enard, bay on W. coast of Scotland, a
little E. of Rumore point. Lon. 5. 17. W. Lat.
58. 4. N.
LocA Enoch, lake, Scot., in foe county of Kir
cudbright ; 14 NW. New Galloway.
Loch Ericht, lake, Scot, in the county of In
verness, 12 miles long, and half a m. wide; 4N.
George's Town.
LocA Emboli, capacious and safe bay on N.
coast of Scotland ; 3 W. Whitenhead. Lon. of
the mouth, 4. 29. W. Lat. 58. 32. N.
LocA£rsey,lake, Scot., in Arran island ; 5 NW.
Brodick. LocA Essan, lake, Scot., in the county of Perth ;
18 S. George's Town.
Locji Etive, bay on W. coast of Scotland, 20
miles in length, and scarcely above 1 broad ;
15 N. Inverary. Lon. 5. 5. W. Lat. 36. 26. N.
LicA Evort, bay on E. side of the island of
North Uist. Lon. of the mouth, 7. 7. W. Lat. 57.
34. N.
LocA Ewe, (an. Itys,) bay on W. coast of Scot. ;
3 miles from Udrigil Head. Lon. of the mouth,
5.35.W. Lat. 57. 51. N.
LocA Eynort, bay, Scot., on E. coast of South
Uist. Lon. 7. 15. W. Lat. 57. 11. N.
LocA Eynort, bay on E. coast of the island of
Skye. Lon.6.0.W. Lat. 57. 18. N.
LocA Eynort, bay on W. coast of Skye. Lon.
6. 19. W. Lat. 57. 14. N.
LocA Eysort, bay on S, coast of Skye. Lon. 6.
58. W. Lat. 57. 8. N.
LochFainish, lake, Scot, in NW. part of foe
county of Ross ; 16 W. Dingwall.

LocA Falart, or Follart, bay on W. coast qf
Skye. Lon. 6. 37. W. Lat. 56. 29. N.
LocA Fin, bay, Scot., in the county of Ayr;
14 ENE. Irvine.
LocA Fine, bay, Scot, in the county of Argyle,
34 miles long, and from 1 to 6 broad, extend
ing from about six miles NE. Inverary, to the
river Clyde. Lon. of the mouth, 5.8. W. Lat. 55.
50. N.
Loch Fintrakin, lake, Scot., in the county of
Dumfries ; 7 NW. Lochmaben.
LocA Fitly, lake, Scot, in the county of Fife ;
3 NNE. Dunfermline.
LocA Fleet, bay, on E. coast of Scot, at the
mouth of the river Fleet; 5 N. Dornoch. Lon.
3. 54. W. Lat. 56. 54. N. It is crossed by a
ferry. Loch Frenchy, lake, Scot, in Perthshire ; 9 N.
Crieff. LocA Gore, bay on W. coast of Scot. ; 8 S. Ru
Rea. Lon. 5. 46. W. Lat. 57. 41. N.
LocA Gore, bay in the Clyde, on the coast of
Dumbartonshire. Lon. 4. 33. W. Lat. 56. N.
LocA Garron, bay on W. coast of Scot; 28
NW. Fort Augustus. Lon. of foe mouth, 5. 38. W.
Lat. 57. 18. N.
LocA Garri/, lake, Scot, hi the county of Perth ;
9 NE. George'3 Town.
LocA Garuie,lake,Scot,in the county of Ross;
10 W. Dingwall.
LocA Gilp, bay, Scot, in Loch Fine ; 18 SW.
Inverary. LocA Goyle, lake, Scot, which branches off
NW. Loch Long. Lon. 5.W. Lat.56.8.N.
LocA Granard, bay on NW. coast of the isl. of
Hay; 13 WSW. Ruvaal. Lon. 6.21. W. Lat.55.
55. N.
LocA Gremishadcr, bay on E. coast of Lewis ;
5 SSW. Stornaway. Lon. 6. 21. W. Lat. 58.
8. N.
Loch Greosavah, bay on NE. coast of Harris.
Lon. 6. 46. W. Lat. 57. 47. N.
LocA Grisornish, bay on NW. coast of Skye,
SW. of Loch Snizort. ,
LocA Groinard, or Camiscanich, bay on W.
coast of Scot; 4 SE. Udrigil head. Lon. 6. 28.
W. Lat. 59. 50. N.
LocA Hamnaway, bay on W. coast of Lewis.
Lon. 6. 58. W. Lat. 58. N.
LocA Harpart, bay on W. coast of Skye. Lon.
of the mouth, 6. 23. W. Lat. 57. 20. N.
LocA Heather, bay on W. coast of Scotland ;
10 S. Cape Wrath. Lon. 5 1. W. Lat. 58.
29. N.
LocA Heck, lake, Scot, in the county of Ar-
oyle, between Loch Long and Loch Fine.
° LocA Hope, bay, Scot, in the county of Suth
erland, 5 miles long ; 7 W. Tongue.
Loch Hourn, bay on W. coast of Scotland ; 20
NNW. Fort William. Lon. of the mouth,5. 43.
W. Lat. 57. 8. N.
LocA Hourn, see Loch Dungeon.
Loch Inchard, bay on W. coast of Scot. ; 1 1 S.
Cape Wrath. Lon. ofthe mouth, 5. W. Lat. 58.
29 N-
LocA Indaal, bay on SE. coast of Skye ; 6
Kyle Rhea. Lon. 5. 46. W. Lat. 57. 9. N.
LocA Indaal, bay, Scot., on S. coast of Ilay.
Lon. 6. 16. W. Lat. 55. 48. N.
LocA Inver, bay on W. coast of Scotland ;

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942

LOC

5 NE. Rumore point Lan. 5. 11. W. Lat. 58.
7. N.
LocA Inver, lake, Scot., in foe county of Kir
cudbright ; 5 N. New Galloway.
LocA Irin, bay on SE. coast of foe isl. of Coll.
Lon. 6. 28. W. ,Lat 56. 38. N.
LocA Kenmoor, lake, Scot, 5 miles long, and
half a mile wide, at the union of the Ken and
the Dee-
LocA Kennard, bay on W. coast of Scot. Lon.
5.6.W. Lat. 57. 56. N.
LocA Keose, bay on E. coast of Lewis ; 9 SW.
Stornaway. Lon. ofthe mouth,6.28. W. Lat.58.
6.N. LocA Kitifled, bay on W. coast of Scot, E. of
PointKnap. Lon. 5. 33. W. Lat. 55. 53. N.
LocA Kingsmoor, lake, Scot, in the county of
Selkirk; 11 SSW. Selkirk.
LocA Kinlra, bay oil W. coast of Scot. ; 5
E. Ardimnish point. Lon. 5. 52. W. Lat. 55.
46 N.
LocA Kishorn, bay on E. coast of Scot. Lon.
5. 39. W. Lat. 57. 19. N.
LocA Kykswaveg, bay on E. coast of the
island of Benbecula. Lon. 7. 9. W. Lat. 57.
25. N.
LocA Laggan, lake, Scot., in the county of
Inverness, 8 miles long, and half a mile wide ;
10 SE. Fort Augustus.
LocA Laigh, bay on W. coast of Mull. Lon. 6.
16. W. Lat. 56. 22. N. '
LocA Lawerston, lake, Scot, in the county of
Kincardine ; 9 NNE. Stonehaven.
LocA Laxford, bay on W. coast of the county of
Sutherland; 14 S. Cape Wrath. Lon. of the
mouth, 5. W. Lat. 58.24. N.
LocA Leadmore, lake, Scot., in the county of
Ross ; 24 WNW. Dornoch.
LocA Lee, lake, Scot, in the county of Angus ;
11 NNW. Brechin.
Loch Leodamis, bay on S. coast of the isl. of
Hay. Lon. 6. 7. W. Lat. 55. 42. N.
LocA Leven, bay on E. coast of Scot., in the
county of Inverness, 10 miles long, and half a
mile wide ; an E. branch of Loch Linnhe ; 9 S.
Fort William. Lon. of the mouth, 5. 20. W.
Lat. 56. 40. N.
LocA Leven, lake, Scot., in the county of Kin
ross, about 12 miles in circ. It contains seve
ral islands, one of which is called Serf or Ser-
vanus, from one ofthe disciples of Columba, to
whom it was granted by a king of the Picts ; on
it are the remains of an ancient priori. On
another island are the ruins ofthe castle of Loch
Leven, once a royal seat. Here queen Mary
was confined, after she was separated from
Bothwell. Loch Leven, or Scriben, bay on west coast of
Mull. Lon. 6. li. W. Lat. 56. 23. N.
Loch Leurhurst, bay or inlet of the sea, on E.
coast of Lewis, in Scotland; 6 SW. Stornaway.
Lon. 6. 27. W. Lat. 58. 8. N.
Loch Leys, lake, Scot, in the county of Kin
cardine ; 1 1 NW. Stonehaven.
LocA Linhee, bay on west coast of Scot., and
county of Argyle, 18 miles long, and from 2 to
4 wide ; 25 NW. Inverary. Lon. of the entrance,
5.36.W. Lat. 56. 31. N.
LocA Lochy, lake, Scot, in the county of In

verness, between Fort Atigustus, and Fort Wil
liam, 10 miles long, and rather more than one
wide. It communicates with Loch Eil, Loch
Linnhe, and Loch Arkeig.
LocA Lodwall, bay, Scot, on SE. coast ofthe
Harris, a little N. Finnisbay. Lon. 6. 53. W.
Lat. 57. 45. N.
Loch Loep, strait, between the islands of Ben
becula and Wia.
LocA Lomond, lake, Scotland, in the county
of Argyle ; 12 E. Inverary, 24 W. Stirling.
Lon. of south extremity, 4. 30. W. Lat. 56.
3. N. It communicates with the Clyde by a
river which joins the Clyde at Dumbarton,
and is about 30 miles long, and in some parts,
8 or 9 broad ; and contains about 30 islands.
This beautiful lake is surrounded by hills and
mountains ; and is celebrated for the grand
and picturesque scenery of its shores. Its depth
is various, in some parts, 100 fathoms. It
abounds in trout.
Loch Long, bay on west coast of Scotland,
and county of Argyle, 15 miles long, and one
wide, Between Loch Fine and Loch Lomond.
Lon. of the entrance, 4 38. W. Lat. 55. 59. N.
LocA Losava, bay on SW. coast of Lewis.
Lon. 6. 53. W. Lat. 57. 54. N.
Loch Loung, north branch of Loch Duich.
Loch of the Lows, lake, Scot, in the county
of Selkirk; 13 SW. Selkirk.
LocA Royal, lake on i.orth coast of Scotland,
and county of Sutherland, 5 miles long; 2 S.
Tongue Loch Luichart, lake, Scot, in the county of
Ross; 11 W.Dingwall.
LocA Lydoch, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 5 W. George's Town.
LocA Lyon, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 10 SW. George's Town.
LocA Maddy, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Inverness, 5 miles long, and J mile wide ; 17
NNW. fort Augustus.
Loch Mallaake, lake, Scot, in the county of
Perth ; 5 NW. Dumblane.
Loch Mare, bay on north coast of Scotland,
about 11 miles long, and 2 broad, full of islands.
To the north it communicates with Pluckart
Bay and Loch Eve. Lon. of the i nland extremi
ty 5. 16. W. Lat. 57. 34. N.
Loch Merk, lake, Scot, in the county of Perth;
7 N. Blair Athol.
LocA Michly, lake, Scot., in the county of In
verness ; 13 NNE. Fort Augustus.
Loch Milford, or Loch Melfort, safe road or
harbour, on W. coast of Scot, much frequented
by herrings. Lon. 5. 32. W. Lat. 56. 16. N.
Loch Mingary, bay, on NW. coast of Mull.
Lon. 6. 10. W.'Lat. 56. 37. N.
LocA Moan, lake, Scot, in NW. part of the
county of Kircudbright; 18 NW. New Gallo
way. LocA Mochrum, lake, Scot, in thefcounty of
Wigton ; 7 W. Wigton.
LocA Monar, lake, Scot., in the county of
Ross, 6 miles long, and half a mile wide.
Loch Moorn, lake, Scot, in NW. part of the
county of Ross ; 9 N. Dingwall.
Loch More, large bay on W. coast of Scot.,
and county of Ross. This is foe north part of

LOC

943

LOC

Loch Broom; 9E. Udrigil head. Lon. 5. 8. W.
Lat. 57. 54. N.
LocA Morrer, bay, on W. coast of Scot, in the
county of Inverness, 10 m. long, and § m. wide;
16 NW. Fort William. Lon. of the mouth 5. 50.
W. Lat. 56. 56. N.
Loch Moy, lake, Scot., in foe county of In
verness, near a town of the same name ; 9 SE.
Inverness. Loch Moydarl, bay, Scot., between the coun
ties of Argyle and Inverness ; 4 W. Ardimnish
point. Lon. 5. 50. W. Lat. 56. 47. N.
Loch Nagaul, bay on W. coast of foe island
of Mull. Lon. 6. 8. W. Lat. 56. 30. N.
- LocA Namaddy, bay on E. coast of N. Uist.
Lon. 7. 7. W. Lat. 57. 35. N.
Loch Naver, lake, in north part of Scot, 12
m. in circ. ; 28 NNW. Dornoch.
LocA JVett, lake, Scot., in the county of Ar
gyle; 17 NW. Inverary.
LocA JVess,"lake, Scot., in the county of In
verness, 22 m. long, and 1 broad, between Fort
Augustus, and the frith of Murray, into which
its waters run.
Loch Nevish, bay, on W. coast of Scot ; 20
WNW. Fort William. Lon. 5. 9. W. Lat. 58.
14. N.
LocA JViet, bay, on W. coast of Scot. ; 24 S.
Cape Wrath. Lon. 5. 9. W. Lat. 58. 14. N.
LocA OicA, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Inverness, 4 miles long, and a quarter of a mile
wide ; communicates with Loch Ness ; 4 SW.
Fort Augustus.
LocA Oochan, lake, Scot, in the county of
Inverness ; 9 WNW. George's town.
LocA Ojt, lake, Scot, in the county of Fife ;
6 NE. Dunfermline.
LocA Orenl, lake, Scot, in the county of
Caithness ; 6 S. Thurso.
LocA Paatoch, lake, Scot., in the county of
Inverness ; 12 N. George's town.
Loch Partin, bay on E. side of the island of
North Uist. Lon. 7. 8. W. Lat 57. 35. N.
LocA Portree, bay on E. coast of Skye. Lon.
6. 6. VV. Lat. 57. 23. N.
Loch PultceL bay on NW. coast of Skye.
Lon. 6.43. W. La{.57.29.N.
Loch Quich, lake, Scot, in the county of In
verness ; 16 N. Fort William.
LocA Ronnpch, lake, Scot, in the county of
Perth, about 8 miles in length, E. of George's
town. LocA Resort, bay on W. coast of Lewis. Lon.
6. 57. W. Lat. 57. 57. N.
Loch Ridun, bay, Scot, on the coast of the
county of Argyle ; N. of the island of Bute.
LocA Rue, bay, on W. coast of Scot. ; 6 S.
Asynt point. Lon. 5. 13. W. Lat. 58. 8. N.
LocA Rueval, bay, on SE. coast of North Uist
Lon. 7. 8. W. Lat. 57. 30. N.
LocA Button, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Kircudbright ; 4 SE. Dumfries.
LocA Ryan, large bay on W. coast of Scot,
between the counties of Ayr and Wigton, N.
Stranrawer. Lon. of the entrance, 4. 59. W.
Lat 55. 7. N.
Loeh Sark, bay, on W. coast of Scot. ; 22 S.
Cape Wrath. Lon. 5. 4. W. Lat. 58. 16. N.
Loch Scavig, bay, on south coast of Skye.
Lon. 63. W. Lat. 57. 8. N.

LocA Scourie, bay, on W. coast of Scot. ; 17
S. Cape Wrath. Lon. 5. 6. W. Lat. 58. 22. N.
LocA Seaforth, bay, on SE. coast of Lewis, 10
m. inlength; 18 SW. Stornaway. Lon. 6.38.W.
Lat. 57. 55. N.
LocA Seresort, bay, on E. Coast of Rum island.
Lon. 6. 19. W. Lat. 56. 58. N.
LocA 5'Aett, bay, on E coast of Lewis. Lon.
6. 23. W. Lat. 58. N.
LocA Shiell, bay, Scot, between the counties
of Argyle and Inverness, 16 miles long, and 1
wide; has a communication with Loch Moy-
dart; the NE. end lies 10 NW. Fort,William,
and the mouth which opens into Loch Moydart.
Lon. 5. 48. W. Lat. 56. 44. N.
LocA Shieldag, bay, Scot., on south side of
Loch Tcrridon, in the county of Ross ; 5 SE.
Loch Achrakin.
LocA SAin, lake, Scot, in N. part of the coun
ty of Sutherland, 12 m. long, and If wide ; 13
WNW. Dornoch.
LocA Skene, lake, Scot., in the county of
Aberdeen; 5 S. Kintore.
LocA Skiach, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 6 NW. Dunkeld.
LocA Skyporl, bay, on E. coast of South Cist.
Lon. 7. 12. W. Lat 57. 18. N.
LocA Slepin, bay, on S. coast of Skye. Lon.
6. W. Lat. 57. 8. N.
LocA Sligachan, bay, on E. coast of Skye ; 1
S. Torrimore head. Lon. 6. 3. W. Lat. 57.20.N.
LocA Snizort, large bay, on N. coast of Skye,
between Ru Bornislag and Vaternish point.
Lon. 6. 25. W. Lat. 58. 32. N.
LocA Spelve, bay, on E. coast of Mull. Lon.
6. 46. W. Lat. 56. 27. N.
LocA Staffin, bay, on NE. coast of Skye ; 6
SE. Ruhunish. Lon. 6. 10. W. Lat. 57. 37. N.
LocA Stockenish, bay, on SE. coast of Hams.
Lon. 6. 49. W. Lat. 57. 46. N.
LocA Stornaway, bay, on E. coast of Lewis, S.
Stornaway. Lon. 6. 16. W. Lat. 58. 11. N.
Loch Strathbeg, bay, on NE. coast of the
county of Aberdeen ; 2 W. Rattery head.
Loch Strevin, bay, Scot., on foe coast of foe
county of Argyle, N. of Bute. Lon. 4. 45. W.
Lat. 55. 53. N.
LocA Sunart, bay, on west coast of Scotland,
15 mites long, and 1 broad ; 22 miles SW. Fort
William. Lon. ofthe mouth, 5. 58. W. Lat. 56.
39. N.
LocA Swine, see LocA Achastial.
Loch Tain, bay, Scot, in N. part of Arran ; 5
N. Brodick.
Loch Tarbet, bay, on west coast of the island
of Jura. Lon. ofthe entrance, 5. 5. W. Lat. 56.
1. N.
LocA Tarbet, (East,) bay of Loch Fyne, on
the coast of Argyle, at the north extremity of
the peninsula of Kyntyre, with a village called
East Tarbet; 35 N. Campbelton, 37 S. Inve
rary. LocA Tarbet, (West,) arm ofthe sea, about 7
m. long, and 1 broad, at N. extremity of Kin
tyre, with a village called West Tarbet, about a
mile from E. Tarbet. Lon. ofthe mouth, 5. 30
W. Lat. 55. 48. N.
LocA Tarbet, bay, on SE. coast of , Scotland,
which divides that part of the island of Lewis,
called the Lewis, from, that part called Harris';

LOC

944

LOG

divided from West Loch Tarbet by a narrow
isthmus of land ; 20 SW. Stornaway. Lon. 6.
44. W. Lat. 57. 50. N. ,
LocA Tarbet, (West,) bay, on NW. coast of
Lewis, separated from Tarbet Loch by an isth
mus of land. Lon. 6. 54. W. Lat. 57. 53. N.
LocA Tay, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth; 24 NW. Perth. It abounds with fish,
such as pike, salmon, perch, trout, lampreys,
eels, fac At the end ofthe Loch, is an island,
on which was once a priory ; some of the ruins
are yet visible.
LocA Teagus, bay, on west coast of Scotland,
a little south Loch Sunart.
Lock Terridon, bay, on west coast of Scot
land. Lon. 5. 47. W. Lat 57. 36. N.
LocA Tierkill, bay, on west coast of the isl.
of Mull. Lon. 6. 21. W. Lat. 56. 20. N.
LocA Tollie, lake, Scot, in the county of
Argyle; 11 NNE. Glenorchy.
LocA Troig, lake, Scot-, in the county of In
verness ; 14 E. Fort William.
LocA Tua, or Broad Bay, large bay or inlet
of the sea, on E. coast of Lewis, about 10 m. in
length, and 4 in breadth ; E. of Stornaway.
Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat 58. 16. N.
LocA Tua, bay, ori west coast of Mull, form
ed by the island of Ulva. Lon. 6. 14. W. Lat.
56. 32. N.
LocA Tumel, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 5 S. Blair Athol.
LocA Tunag, bay, on west coast of Scot, the
SE. continuation of Loch Ewe, with which it
communicates. LocA Turret, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 5 NNW. Crieff.
Loch Tuscrtg, bay, on west co&stof Scotland.
Lon. 5. 48. W. Lat. 57. 20. N.
LocA Vack, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 3 SSW. Blair Athol.
LocA Vatican, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth ; 6 E. Blair Athol.
Loch Uilk, bay, on south coast of Mull. Lon.
5. 49. W. Lat. 56. 24. N.
Loch Voil, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Perth; 17 W. Crieff.
LocA Vrine, lake, on west coast of Scot, in
the county of Ross, 6 m. long, and # m. wide ;
25 WNW. Dingwall.
LocA Vrotachan, lake, Scot., in SW. part of
Aberdeenshire ; 7 S. Castleton of Braemar.
LocA Uskevagh, bay, on E. coast of Benbecu
la. Lon. 7. 12. W. Lat. 57. 25. N.
LocA Ussie, lake, Scot., in the county of Ross.;
2 W. Dingwall.
LocA Watten, lake, Scotland, in the county of
Caithness ; 7 W. Wick.
LocA Yeben, lake, on west coast of Scot, on
N. side of Loch Terridon.
Lochaber, district, Scot., in the county of In
verness, about 40 m. in length, and 25in breadth,
the chief place is Fort William. It is perhaps
one of the most dreary, mountainous, and bar
ren districts in Scotland; thinly inhabited, and
the houses wretched.
Lochem, I. Neth., in Guelderland, on theBor-
kel ; 10 E. Zutphen. Pop. 1,356.
Locher Moss, morass, Scot, in the county of
Dumfries, 10 m. long, and 3 broad.
Loches, t. France, and principal place of a

district, in Indre-and-Loire ; 21 SSE. Tours, 36
N W. Chateaurox. Lon. 0. 34. E. Lat. 47. 7. N.
Pop. 4,342. Here is a castle, standing on a rock,
formerly a very important fortification.
Lochmaben, X. Scot, in Dumfries, on the river
Annan ; 10 N. Dumfries, 65 SSW. Edinburgh.
Lon. 3. 27. W. Lat. 55. 11. N. Pop. 2,053.
There is a considerable linen manufacture in
the town and neighbourhood.
Lochnev, X. Sweden, Smaland ; 60 N. Calmar.
Lovhrusbeg, bay, on W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
8. 23. W. Lat, 54. 46. N.
Lochrusmore, bay, on west coast of Ireland,
and county of Donegal, a little N. Lochrusbeg.
Lochstett, t Prussia, in Smaland ; 4 N. Pillau.
Near it are the remains of a castle.
Lochvitza, t. Russia, in Tchernigov, on the
Susa ; 96 SE. Tchernigov. Lon. 28. 14. E. Lat.
50. 20. N. Pop. 4,457.
Lache, X, Prussia; US. Heilsberg.
Lochty Water, x. Scot, in the county of Fife,
which runs into the river Leven, about 3 miles
from its mouth.
Lochwinnoch, X. Scot, in Renfrew ; consider
able for its cotton manufactures ; 6 SW. Pais
ley. Pop. 2,955.
Lock Ranza, p-v. Montgomery co. Alabama ;
36 Cahawba, W. 948.
Locke, p-t. Cayuga co. N Y., on S. side of
Sempronius; 170 W.Albany, W. 370. P. 2,559.
Locke, see Division.
Lockenitz, X. fa castle, Brandenburg, in the
Ucker Mark ; 16 NE. Prentzlow.
Lockerby, X. Scot, in Dumfriesshire, on the
Annan ; 4 E. Lochmaben.
Lockhart's Creek', r. N. C, which runs into
the Atlantic, Lon. 78. 25. W. Lat. 33. 53. N.
Lockwood, p-t. Sussex co. N.J. ; W. 231.
Lockport, p-v. Niagara co. on foe Erie canal
where it crosses the mountain ridge. It is a new
village, which had in July, 1821, only 3 fami
lies ; but contained in Jan. 1822, a printing
office, about 50 buildings, and 337 inhabitants.
Locktliitz, i. Saxony, which runs info the
Elbe, 4 miles above Meissen.
Lockum, X. Han., in Calenburg ; 9 NW. Han
over. Fop. 1,063.
Lock, (LeJ X. Switz., which gives name to a
jurisdiction, in Neufchatel ; 8 NW. Neufchatel.
Fop. 800. The parish is extensive, and con
tains a great number of watch-makers, cutlers,
fac. As many as 40,000 watches are said to be
made here annually.
Lockwood, X. England, in (he West Riding of
Yorkshire, near Huddersfield. Pop. 1,253.
Locktewacki, X. Swedish Lapland, on a lake ;
65 WNW. Pitea.
Locman, mt. Persia, in Chorasan ; 15 W. Ma-
ruerrud. Locmariaquer, X. France, in Morbihan ; 6 S.
Auray, 9 SW. Vannes. Pop. 1,969.
Locmine, X. France, in Morbihan ; 10 S. Pon-
tivy, 21 NNE. L'Orient. Pop. 1,785.
Loco Rotondo, X. Naples, in Bari; 11 SSE.
Monopoli. Laconlai, X. Upper Siam ; 60 N. Porselon.
Locri Epi-Zephyrtt, now Motia-dirBurzano.
Locust Creek, r. Ken., which runs into the
Ohio, Lon. 84. 15. W. Lat. 38. 37. N.
Locust Creek, x. Ken., which runs into the

LOE

945

LOG

Lod, see Lyddo.
Lodan, r. Eng., in the county of Hereford,
which runs into foe Frome, 5 N. Hereford.
Lodaria, X. Hind., Bahar; 24 NNE. Hajypour.
Loddon, X. Eng., in Norfolk, with a market
on Friday; 42 N. Ipswich, 113 NNE. London.
Lon. 1. 13. E. Lat. 52. 37. N. Pop. 799.
Loddon, r. Eng., which runs into the Thames,
about 5 miles below Reading.
Lode,t. Sardinia; 64 E. Sassari,80N.Cagliari.
Loder, X. Bav. ; 8 E. Kaufbeuren, 25 S. Augs
burg. Loderbach, r. Saxony, which rises 6 N. Leip
sic, and runs into the Mulda, 2 N. Bitterfeld.
Lodeve, (an. , Luteva,) X. France, principal
place of a district, in Herault ; 21 N. Beziers,
24 W.jMontpellier. Lon. 3. 19. E. Lat. 43. 44.
N. Pop. 7,449. The streets are narrow and ill
built, but the manufactures are considerable.
Native, cardinal Fleury.
Lodewitz, x. Saxony, which runs into the
Elbe, 5 miles above Dresden.
• Lodi, city, Aust. Italy, government of Milan,
capital of a delegation of the same name, for
merly capital of a district called Lodesan, on
the Adda; 18 SE. Milan, 76 ENE. Turin. Lon.
9. 31. E. Lat. 45. 19. N. Pop. 12,348. Bp. see.
It is regularly and well built, surrounded with
walls, and contains a cathedral, 9 churches,
and 26 convents. Its principal export is cheese,
and its manufactures silk and porcelain. This
town was taken by the French, under Bona
parte, May 11, 1796, after a sharp contest at
foe passage of the bridge. — The delegation of
Lodi includes foe district called Lodesan, and is
surrounded by the grand duchy of Parma, and
the delegations of Pavia, Milan, Bergamo, and
Cremona. Pop. 140,650. Sq. m. 388. The soil
is fertile, and pasturage is attended to in pre
ference to tillage. The celebrated Parmesan
cheese is made chiefly in this district.
Lodi Vecchio, X. Italy, in the Lodesan, on foe
Silaro"; 3 WSW. Lodi. This town was ancient
ly known under the name of Laus Pompeii, or
Laus Pompeia, and its flourishing state was
such, that it instigated the Milanese to destroy
it through jealousy, and most of the inhabitants
were driven away.
Lodimont, p-t. Abbeville, S. C. ; W. 612.
Loditz, X. Bavaria ; 3 NNW. Hof.
Lodomeria, see Galicia.
Lodrone, X. Tyrol, in Trent, on the borders
ofthe Brescia, near a small lake, called foe Lake
of Idro; 25 NNE. Brescia, 25 SW. Trent On
the 12th of August, 1796, the Austrians were
defeated near this town by the French.
Lodosa, X. Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro ;
17 E. Estella.
Lodypour, t. Hind., in Bahar; 18 S. Patna.
Loe, X. Norway ; 48 NE. Drontheim.
Loe, x. Eng., in Cornwall, which runs into
the English channel, 4 m. below Helston.
Lmbegun, or Lobechin, X. Pru. Magdeburg ; 44
S. Magdeburg.
Loeck, see Cambodia.
Loenen, X. Holland ; 10 SW. Naerden. P. 607.
Loen-yuen, ox Hoen-yuen, city, China of the
second rank, in Chan-si ; 132 W. Peking. Lon.
113. 24. E. Lat. 39. 42. N.
Loersdorp, X. Holstein ; 5 NE. Oldeburg. I
Vol. I U9

Loesdrecht, X. Holland ; 8 S. Naerden.'
Loet, x. France, which runs into foe Juine,
at Estampes.
Loevestein, or Louvestein, fortress, Holland, in
the island of Bommelweert, at foe conflux of
the Meuse and the Wahal ; 3 E. Gorcum. Hugo
Grotius was confined here, in 1619.
Loewenberg, see Lowenberg.
Lofanger, X. Sweden, in West Bothnia ; 40
NNE. Umea.
Lofango, one of the smaller Friendly islands ;
5 ESE. Neeneeva.
Loffingen, X. Baden, in Furstenberg. Here is
a medicinal bath ; 3 WSW. Huiffingen, 6 W.
Furstenberg. Pop. 839.
Lofoden, group of islands on W. coast of Nor
way, Lat. 67. 30. to 68, 45. N. They consist of
5 large, and several smaller islands. They con
tain lofty mountains covered with perpetual
snow. Pop. 3,262, mostly fishermen.
Lofsa, r. Hesse, which runs into the Fulda,
near Melfungen.
Lofsalo, small isl. in the gulf of Finland.
Lon. 46. 2. E. Lat. 60. 2. N.
Lofsta, X. Sweden, Smaland; 70 N. Calmar.
Lofsta, X. Sweden, Upland, with a hammer-
mill, 8 forges, and a smelting furnace ; 40 N.
Upsal. Fop. 2,000.
Loftus Heights, see Fort Adams.
Loftus, X. Eng., in Yorkshire, in the North
Riding; 6 NE. Gisborough. Pop. 1,186.
Lofty Mount, mt. on S. coast of New Holland,
about 3,000 feet high. Lon. 138. 42. E. Lat. 34.
59. S.
Lofvesta, s-p. Sweden, in Schonen; 25 S.
Christianstadt Lofvstute, X. Biledulgerid ; 56 SE. Gadamis.
Log House Landing, p-v. Hyde co. N. C. ;
W. 335.
Log Island, smallest in Chesapeake bay. Lon.
76. 23. W. Lat. 37. 14. N.
Logan, X. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 431.
Logan, co. SW. part of Ken. Pop. in 1810,
12,123; slaves 2,486. Pop. in 1820, 14,423-.
Chief town, Russellville.
Logan, co. Ohio, N. of Champaign co. Pop.
3,181. Chief town, Jefferson.
Logan, p-t. fa cap. Hocking co., Ohio ; 63
Columbus, W. 411. Pop. 100.
Logatez, see Loitsch.
Loge, X. Han., in Hoya ; 20 SW. Nienburg.
Logefougereuse, X. France, in Vendee ; 3 SE.
La Chataigneraye.
Logenwasser, x. Silesia, which runs into the
Staritz, in Neisse.
Loggerhead Key, or El Contoy, small isl. in
the bay of Honduras, near foe coast of Yuca
tan. Lon. 87. 45. W. Lat. 21. 25. N.
Logic, X. Scot, in Ross-shire; 4 S. Tain.
Logic, t Scot, in Aberdeenshire ; 6 S. Fra
serburgh. Logic, X. Scot, Angusshire ; 5 NW. Montrose.
Logierait, X. Scot, in Perthshire ; 7 N. Dun-
keld. Pop. 3,001.
Loginov, X. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch ;
16 SE. Tara.
Logoni, X. Sardinia; 9 E. Cagliari.
Logodori, see Sassari.
Logom, X. Hind., Visiapour; 10 N. Poonah.
Logoras, X. Syria ; 15 N. Antioch.

LOU

946

LOI

Logrono, X. Chili, in Melipilla. Lon. 71. 16.
W. Lat 33. 28. S. It has a parish church and
2 convents. Logrono, X. Spain, Old Castile, on the Ebro ;
20 NW. Catahorra, 52 E. Burgos. Lon. 3. 24.
W. Lat. 42. 23. N. Pop. 7,000. It contains 3
parish churches, and 9 convents. The environs
produce fruit, legumes, flax, hemp, excellent
wine, oil, and silk.
Logrono, X. S. A. in Quito ; 40 ESE. Cuenza.
Logstor, or Lixtoer, X. Denmark, in North
Jutland-, on Lymfiord gulf ; 21 W. Aalborg.
Lon. 9. 15. E. Lat. 57. N.
Loguivy, (PlougrosJ X. France, in North
Coasts; 12 S. Lannion, 13 W. Guingamp.
Logur, X. Hind. ; 23 WNW. Poonah.
Logwood Country, part of the coast of Mexi
co, on the bay of Honduras, extending from
Vera Paz to Yucatan.
Logwood Lagoon, bay, or gulf on NE. coast
of.Yucatan. Lon. 8S. 20. W. Lat. 20. 57. N.
LoA, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder, 5
NNW. Breslau.
. XoAo, t. Algiers ; 28 E. El Callah.
Lohaghur, the Iron Fort, a celebrated fortress,
Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 20 NW. Poonah. It
consists of a nearly perpendicular rock, of great
height, surrounded by a double stone wall.
Loharcana, X. Napaul ; 10 S. Batgao.
Loharinapaul, X. Napaul ; 15 S. Catmandu.
Loharoo, X. Hind., Dooab ; 10 NW. Pattiary.
Lolie, X. Austria ; 12 WSW. Crems.
Loheac, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 17 N.
Redon, 17 S. Rennes. Pop. 289.
Lohebeck, r. Sleswick, which runs into the
North sea, 16 S. Ripen.
Loheia, t. Arabia, in Yemen, on the coast of
foe Red sea, founded near the tomb of an Ara
bian saint, about three centuries past ; 375
SSW. Mecca. Lon. 42. 19. E. Lat. 15. 42. N.
The territory near it is dry and barren. The
harbour is so indifferent, that even the smallest
vessels are obliged to anchor at a great distance
from the city ; and when the tide is at ebb,
laden boats cannot approach near it. Notwith
standing this disadvantage, a considerable trade
in coffee is carried on from Loheia. The walls
are of mud mixed with dung, and the roof is
thatched with a sort of grass. The water at
Loheia is very bad, and is brought from a dis
tance. Witliin6 miles of the city is a small
hill, which affords considerable quantities of
mineral salt
Lohmen, X. Saxony, in Meissen ; 10 ESE.
Dresden. Pop. 750.
LoAn, see LoAn.
Lohnhut, X. Netb., Antwerp; 16 NNE. Ant
werp. Pop. 1,600.
Lohnin, t. Brandenburg ; 10 SE. Branden
burg. Lohningen, X. Switz., Schaffhausen ; 5 WNW.
Schaffhausen. Lahnstein, see Lahnstein.
Lo-hoei, X. China, of the third rank, on E.
coast of isl. of Hainan ; 42 SE. Kiong-tcheou.
Lohorpour, X. Hind., Oude ; 20 S. Mahomdy.
Lohr, see Lahr.
Lohr, X. Bav., in Upper Maine, on the Maine;
21 NW. Wurzburg, 35 ESE. Frankfort on foe
Maine. Pop. 3,030.

Lohr Haupton, X. Ger. ; 22 E. Hanau.,
Lohr, t. Bav., Lower Maine ; 2 NW. Ebern.
Lahr, x. Franconia, which runs into the
Maine, at the town of Lohr.
Lahr, X. Bavaria ; 3 S. Rothenburg.
Lohry, X. Hind., iri Behker, on the Sinde; 15
S. Behker.
LoAto, t. Finland ; 18 NE. Gamla Karleby.
Lohurdega, t. Bengal, in Nagpour; 22 NNW.
Doesa. Lon. 84. 51. E. Lat. 23. 20. N.
Lohursey,' X. Bengal , 18 NNE. Palamow.
Here is a pass across the mountains.
Loja, see Loxa.
Loiberstorff, X. Austria ; 14 S. Vienna.
Loiberslorff, X. Austria; 10 SW. St Polten.
Loibl, range of mountains between Carinthia
and Carniola ; 4,300 feet high.
Loignon, x. France, which runs into the Loire,
about 24 m. below Le Puy.
Loin, x. France, which runs into foe Seine, a
little below Moret.
Loimajoki, X. Finland ; 32 NNE. Abo.
Lojo, X. Finland ; 30 W. Helsingfors.
Lojobi, X. Servia ; 16 SSE. Passarovitz.
Loiperstorf X. Austria, on the Rusbach ; 6
ENE. Entzerstorff.
Loir, (LeJ x. France, which rises about 6
NNW. Illiers, in Eure-and-Loir, passes by Bon
neval, Chateaudun, Cloye, Moree, Freteval,
Vendome, Montoire, Chartres, Le Lude, La
Pleche, Durtal, fac, and joins the Sarte, about
5 miles above Le Mans ; soon after which they
both together join the Mayenne. Itis navigable
60 miles ; length upwards of 100.
Lpir-and-Cher, dep. France, so called from
the two rivers, which cross it; the former in
the south part, the other in the north. It is
bounded N. by Eure-and-Loir, NE. by the Loi
ret, E. and SE. by the Cher, S. by the Indre,
and W. by Indre-and-Loir, and Sarte. It is
about 66 miles in length, and from 25 to 30
broad. It is divided into three arrondissements,
Blois, the capital, Vendome, and Romorantin.
Pop. 212,552. Sq. m. 2,564.
Loire, (an. LigerJ river, France, which rises
about 18 NNW. Aubenas, in Ardeche. passes
by, or near to Le Puy, Bas en Basset, Aurec,
St. Rambert, Feurs, Roanne, Mercigny, Les
Nonains, Digoin, Decise, Nevers, Charite,
Cosne, Chatillon sur Loire, Gien, Jargeau, Or
leans, Beaugency, St. Die, Blois, Amboise,
Tours, Langeais, Saumur, Rochefort, Chalonne,
St. Florent, Ancenis, Nantes, fac, and runs
into the sea, about 30 W. Nantes, Lon. 2. 10.
W. Lat. 47. 12. N. Length 500 miles. The
Levee upon foe Loire is one of the most stu
pendous works in France. It extends from
Angers to Orleans, and was constructed to con
fine the river within its banks, and to exclude
the waters from a tract of country, which is
said formerly to have been a morass 100 miles
in length, and 30 or 40 in breath. Its base is
about 40 feet wide ; and its elevation nearly 25
from the adjoining level ; and its upper sur
face, which is paved with large stones, is just
capacious enough to admit 3 carriages abreast.
Loire, dep. • France, bounded N. by Rhine,
Saone-and-Loire, and Allier, E. by Rhone, and
Isere, S- hy Ardeche, and Upper-Loire, and W.
by Puy-de-Dome, and Allier. It is divided into

LOL

947

LOM

three arrondissements, Monforison, the capital,
Roanne, and St. Etienrie. Pop. 315,858. Sq. m.
1,955. Loire, (Lower,) dep. France, bounded N. by
Morbihan, and Ille-and-Vilaine, E. by Mayne-
and-Loire, S. by the Vendee, and W. by foe
sea ; about 55 miles in length, and from 30 to
44 in breadth. It is divided into 5 arrondisse
ments, Nantes, the capital, Savenay, Chateau-
briant, Ancenis, and Paimbceuf. Pop. 407,827.
Sq. m. 2,912.
Loire, (Upper J dep. France, bounded N. by
Puy-de-Dome and Loire, SE. by Arddche, SW.
by foe Lozere, and W. by Cantal ; about 50
miles from E. to W., and 35 from N. to S. It is
divided into 3 arrondissements, Le Puy, the
capital, Briourde, andYssengeaux. Pop.268,202.
Sq. m. 1,862.
Loirel, x. France, which runs into the Loire, 3
miles below Orleans. It is small, but gives
name to a department.
Loiret, dep. France, bounded N. by Eure-
and-Loir, Seine-and-Oise, and Seine-and-Marne,
E. by Yonne, S. by Nyevre, Cher, and Loir-
and-Cher, and W. by the Loir-and-Cher; about
60 m. from E. to W., and 45 from N. to S. Or
leans is the capital. Pop 285,395.
Loiron, t. France, in Mayenne ; 6 W. Laval,
12 N. Craon. Pop. 1,559.
Loisey, X. France, Meuse ; 5 E. Bar le Due.
Loison, x. France, which runs into the Meuse,
near Montmedy.
Loisy, X. France, in Marne ; 3 NW. Vitry le
Francois. Loitsch, ox Logatez, X. Upper Carniola ; 15 W.
Laybach. Loilomba, see St. Domingo.
Loilz, X. Pru. Pomerania, in Stralsund ; 16 N.
Treptow, 24 S. Stralsund. Lon. 13. 5. E. Lat.
53. 56. N. Pop. 1,410.
Loitzendorf X. Austria ; 4 NW. Aggspach.
Lokacz, t. Rus. Volhynia; 30 WSW. Lucko.
Lokalax, X. Finland ; 27 NW. Abo.
Lokeren, X. Neth., in East Flanders ; 18 ENE.
Ghent Lon. 4. E. Lat 51. 12. N. Pop. 12,864.
It carries on a brisk trade in corn, flax, hemp,
and linen, and has considerable manufactures.
Loket, see Elnbogen.
Lo-kiang, X. China, of the third rank, in Se-
tchuen; 17 SW. Mien.
Lo-king-so, X. China, in Quang-tong ; 15 SW.
Lao-ting. Lokman, X. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris ; 16
N. Bagdad.
Loko, small isl. on E. side of the gulf of Both
nia. Lon. 20. 59. E. Lat. 60. 51. N.
Lokohar, X. Hind., Bahar ; 36 NE. Durbunga.
Lokteva, X. Rus. Kolivan ; 36 SW. Kuznetzk.
Lolbazar, X. Bengal ;, 17 SW. Beyhar.
Lolbiniere, X. Canada, on the St. Lawrence ;
25 SW. Quebec
Loldong, X. fa fortress, Hind., in Almora ; 50
NW. Collipour, 85 NNE. Delhi. Lon. 78. 36. E.
Lat. 29. 47. N. Here Ts a celebrated pass be
tween the provinces of Delhi and Serinagur.
Lolgunge, X. Hind., in Oude; 16NE.Manick-
pour. Lolgunge, t. Hind., in Benares ; 12 SW. Mer-
zapour. Lolgunge, X. Hind., in Oude ; 20 S. Azerngur;

Lolljee, t. Thibet ; 110 N. Gorcah. Lon. 84.
23. E. Lat. 30. 15. N.
Lollgunge, X. Bengal ; 20 ENE. Purneah.
Lollonado, X. Cuba ; 146 SW. Havannah.
Lolpour, X. Hind., in Jyenagur ; 15 SSE. Jye
pour. Lorn, (an. Almus J x. Eu. Turkey, which runs
into the Danube, near Lomgrad, in Bulgaria.
Lorn, X. on east coast of the island of Gilolo.
Lon. 128. E. Lat. 0. 16. S.
Lomablem, or Lomblem, isl. in the E. Indian
sea, about 120 miles in circ Lon. 123. 56. E.
Lat. 8. 18. S.
Loman, r. Eng., which rises in Somersetshire,
and runs into the Ex, at Tiverton, in Devon
shire. Lomaria, X. France, on the isl. of Belle-Isle ;
3 SE. Le Palais.
Lombardo-Venetian-Kingdom, name given,
since the congress of Vienna, to Austrian Italy.
See Italy, (Austrian.)
Lombardy, p-t. Amelia co. Va. ; W. 175.
Lombardy, country, Italy, which corresponds
in a* great measure with the Cisalpine Gaul of
the Romans. It takes the name of Lombardy,
from those who founded the kingdom in the
middle of the sixth century. It lies between
the Alps and Apennines, or between Switzer
land and Tuscany. About 250 miles long, and
150 the greatest breadth. It is divided into
Upper and Lower, the former consisting ofthe
western part, the latter of the eastern. It is like
wise divided into Cispadan and Transpadan Loin
bardy. The states now formed by Lombardy
are Austrian Italy, the continental part of Sar
dinia, Parma, Modena, and Lucca.
Lombardy Grove, or Terryville,.p-v. Mecklen
burg co. Va. ; W. 233.
Lombec, X. Africa, on the Zaire, near 50 miles
from its mouth, 6 or 6 below Embonna. It con
tains about 100 huts, and has some trade in
salt. Lombers, X. France, in Tarn ; 9 S. Alby.
Lombes, X. France, and seat of a tribunal, in
Gers ; before the revolution, the see of a bish
op ; 10 SW. l'lsle en Jourdain, 16 SE. Auch.
Pop. 1,445.
Lomboc, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 40 m.
from N. to S., and from 18 to 30 broad, chiefly
inhabited by Gentoos. Here are mountains, of
which the highest, called Lomboc Peak, is esti
mated at 8,000 feet above the level of the sea.
Between this island and Cumbava is a passage,
called the Straits of Lomboc. Lon. 116. E. Lat.
8. 30. S. Pop. estimated at 80, or 100,000.
Lomboc, X. on E. coast of the island so called.
Lon. 116. 2. E. Lat 8. 42. S.
Lombuzskoi, small isl. in the Frozen ocean,
near the coast of Russia ; 180 E. Kola. Lon. 40.
14. E. Lat. 67. 55. N.
Lomby, X. Carnatic ; 20 NW. Tiagar.
Lomgrad, (an. AlmumJ X. Bulgaria, at the
conflux of the Lorn and Danube ; 20 SE. Vid-
din. Lomi, t. Rus. Irkutsk, on the Amul ; 16 N.
Stretensk. Lomine, X. France, in Morbihan ; 15 N. Van-
nes. Pop. 9,429.
Lommatsch, ox Lumtszch;,X. Sax., in Meissen;
7 NW. Meisseri, 20 NW. Dresden. Lon. 13, 13.
E. Lat. 51.11. N, Pop. 1,273,

LON

948

LON

Lommersum, X. Prussian Cologne ; 9 WNW.
Bonn, Fop. 1,076.
Lomnitz, X. Bohemia, in Konigingratz ; 6 N.
Gitschin. Pop. 1,300.
Lomnitz, x. Silesia, which rises in the princi
pality of Jauer, and runs into the Bober, 3 ESE.
Hirschberg. Lomnitz, X. Moravia, in Brunn ; 15 NNW.
Brunn. Lon. 16. 18. E. Lat. 49. 24. N. P. 1,093.
Lomnitz, mt. between Hungary and Poland.
It is 8,640 feet in height, and is the highest
summit ofthe Carpathian chain, whose eleva
tion is ascertained.
Lomond, see Ben Lomond, and Loch Ldmond.
Lompar, small isl. in the Baltic, near S. coast
of Aland. Lon. 20. 9. E. Lat. 60. 10. N.
Lompin, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 25 N. Chunte.
Lompre, X. Luxemburg ; 12 E. Givet.
Lomza, X. Poland, on the Narew ; 80 NE.
Warsaw, 120 SE. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,166.
Lon, see Iserlon.
Lo-nan, X. China, of the third rank, in Chen-
si ; 15 N. Chang.
Lonato, or Lonado, X. Italy, in Brescia ; 12
ESE. Brescia. Pop. 4,000.
Loncarty, see Luncarly,
Lonchamp, see Longchamp.
Lon-tchan-tching, X. China, in Chan-tong ; 5
E. Tci-nan.
' Lonchaumois, X. France, in Jura; 5 NNE. St.
Claude, 13 E. Orgelet.
Landerzeek, X. Neth., in South Brabant ; near
Brussels. Pop. 3,230.
Londiniires, t. France, in Lower Seine ; 7 N.
Neufchatel, 15 ESE. Dieppe. Pop. 739.
London, X. Upper Canada, in Middlesex co. ;
107 WSW. York.
London, X. Ann Arundel co. Md., on South
river ; 5 SSW. Annapolis.
London, p-t. fa cap. Madison co., Ohio, on
Oak run, a branch of the Scioto ; 25 W. Co
lumbus, 45 SW. Chillicothe, W. 443. Pop. 132.
London, (New,) see New London.
London, (an. Londinium', with the Romans,
Lundayn with the Britons, and Londenceaster
with the Saxons,) the metropolis of the British
empire, situated mostly in Middlesex, chiefly
on the N. bank of the Thames, 60 m. from the
sea; 396 S. Edinburgh, 330 ESE. Dublin, 190
W. Amsterdam, 225 NNW. Paris, 610 SW. Co
penhagen, 660 WNW. Vienna, 860 N. by E.
Madrid, 950 NNW. Rome, 1,140 WSW. Peters
burg, 1,660 NW. Constantinople. Lon. of St.
Paul's church, 0. 5. 37. IV. Greenwich. Lat. 51.
31. N.
In the following table is exhibited, for 4 dif
ferent periods, foe population of foe 5 divisions,
which compose the metropolis. — The 1st line
exhibits the population of London within the
walls ; the 2d, that of London without the walls,
including the Inns of Court; foe 3d, that of the
city and liberties of Westminster ; foe 4th, that
of the out-parishes, within the bills of mortality ;
and the 5th, that of the out-parishes, not within
the bills of mortality.
1700 1750, 1801 1811
1. 139,300 87,000 75,171 55,484
2. 169,000 156,000 149,136 66,425
3. 130,000 152,000 158,210 162,085

1790 1750 1801 1811
4. 226,900 258,900 364,526 572,838
5. 9,150 22,355 117,802 155,714

674,350 675,250 864,845 1,011,546
The number of males, in 1811, was 457,481,
and of females, 552,265 ; inhabited houses,
141,732 ; streets, lanes, alleys, and courts, about
8,000 ; squares, 60. The number of strangers,
constantly in the city for business or pleasure,
is supposed to be not less than 100,000. The
number of deaths, in 1700, was 19,443 ; in 1750,
27,727; and in 1800, 25,761. London, con
sidered in the aggregate, comprises foe city and
its liberties, the city and liberties of Westmins
ter, the borough of Southwark, and nearly 30
of the contiguous villages. Its length from E.
to W. is 7 and a half miles, and its breadth 5.
The thermometer in summer, sometimes rises
to 80 deg., rarely to 84 deg., and in winter
it sometimes falls to 15 deg., and has been
known, though very rarely, to fall to 0.
London, with respect to commerce, manu
factures, arts, literature, and charitable institu
tions, surpasses all other cities on the globe.
The number of vessels belonging to foe port,
in 1701, was 560, carrying 84,832 tons ; and in
1800, the number was 2,666, carrying 568,262
tons. The official value of the imports, in 1800,
was £18,843,172; exports £25,428,922; real
value in all £68,000,000, nearly two thirds of
the value of foe whole trade of the kingdom.
In 1819, it was stated that the amount of ex
ports and imports was about £70,000,000 an
nually ; 4,000 vessels employed in the foreign
trade, 9,000 in the coasting trade ; the outward
and inward tonnage about 1,800,000 tons ;
3,000 vessels belonging to the port, carrying
600,000 tons, and 45,000 men.— The manufac
tures consist chiefly of jewellery, watches,
japan-ware, cut-glass, books, cabinet-work, car
riages, other fine goods, and articles of elegant
use. The city is built almost wholly of brick, of a
pale colour. The houses of the nobility, gentry,
and great merchants/are magnificent, spacious,
and commodious. A great part of these are sit
uated in the west end ofthe town. The houses
of the city are disposed with great uniformity,
and foe streets are generally wide. It contains
122 churches ofthe established religion, 120
chapels of ease, 18 Roman Catholic chapels, 30
ehurches and chapels belonging to foreign
Protestants, 6 synagogues of foe Jews, and
about 180 meeting-houses of English Protestant
dissenters. But few of the public edifices display great
magnificence. The most remarkable exception
is the cathedral church of St.. Paul, which is
esteemed the chief ornament of the city, and
is inferior to none in Europe, except. St. Peter's
at Rome. It was built at the national expense,
by sir Christopher Wren, was begun in 1675
and finished in 1710,.and cost £747,954, 2s.
3Jd.' It is 510 feet in length, 282 in breadth,
and 340 in height to the top ofthe cross. West
minster Abbey is a grand Gothic edifice, and is
the sanctuary of the" illustrious dead, kings,
statesmen, warriors, poets, and philosophers.
St. James' palace is appropriated to purposes of

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state; it is inconsiderable in its appearance,
and is built of brick. The Queen's Palace, also
called Buckingham House, is the town residence
of the royal family. It is a handsome brick
building. Carlton House, has several magnifi
cent apartments, and the finest armory in the
world. The Tower of London, anciently n pal
ace, now contains the mint, the recording
office, a royal menagerie, the jewel office, the
small armory, which contains stands of arms
for 200,000 men. The bank of England is an
immense pile of building. The capital of this
bank amounts to £11,686,800. Westminster-hall
is one of the largest rooms in Europe, unsup
ported by pillars. It is used for coronation
feasts, and occasionally for the trial of peers.
The Houses of the Lords and Commons are situ
ated back of Westminster-hall. TAe Mansion
House is the residence of the lord mayor of
London. Somerset House is an immense stone
edifice, appropriated to various public uses.
Guild-hall is the hall in which are held the
various courts of the city. The Royal Library
contains about 80,000 volumes, collected chiefly
by George III. The British Museum is a grand
national depository of antiquities, natural and
artificial curiosities, printed books, stated at
150,000 volumes, and MSS. said to amount to
60,000. Other public buildings of note are the
Royal Exchange, Custom House, General Post
Office, Excise Office, East India House, South
Sea House, and Commercial Hall. The bridges,
which are objects of particular interest, are
London bridge, Westminster bridge, Blackfri-
ar's bridge, Waterloo bridge, Southwark bridge,
and Vauxhall bridge. They are accounted
the most interesting architectural objects in
foe city, from their magnificence and solidity.
In several places there are squares of consider
able size, from 100 to 1,000 feet square. The
most remarkable are Grosvenor-square, Port-
man-square, Berkley-square, Cavendish-square,
Bedford -square, Leicester-square, and Lincoln's
Inn square.
The city contains 5 colleges, viz. Zion Col
lege, for the improvement of the clergy, which
has a library entitled to a copy of every book
published in the kingdom ; Gresham College,
for divinity, law, physic, astronomy, geometry,
music, and rhetoric ; the College of Physicians,
Warwick-lane, for professors of medicine ; Doc
tors' Commons, or College of Civilians, for the
study ofthe civil law ; and the Heralds' College,
or College of Arms. There are 16 inns of court
and chancery for students of law, the principal
' of which are the Inner Temple, the Middle Tem
ple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn. The Royal
Society, incorporated in 1668, under the presi
dency of sir Isaac Newton, is composed of foe
first literary and scientific characters of the
age, and has an extensive library. TAe Royal
Academy was instituted in 1768, under the pres
idency of sir Joshua Reynolds. There are
various other literary and scientific associations.
There are 41 free schools with perpetual en
dowments, 300 public, and 3,730 private
schools. There are 22 hospitals, 107 alms
houses, 18 institutions for the support of the
indigent of various descriptions, and 18 prisons.
The two principal theatres are those of Drury-

lane and Covent-garden. There are 2 others,
the Lyceum, and the Haymarket. Vauxhall-
gardens are, perhaps, as brilliant and magnifi
cent a place of public amusement as any in
Europe. Hyde-park lies on W. side of the city.
It was first enclosed by a brick wall, after the
restoration. It contains 394 acres, is the grand
Sunday resort of pedestrians and equestrians
from the metropolis, and is used for the field-
days of the horse and foot guards, and other
troops. London contains 15 flesh markets, and 25
markets for corn, vegetables, fac The number
of bullocks consumed annually is 1 10,000 ;
sheep and lambs 776,000 ; calves 210,000 ; hogs
210,000 ; besides animals of other kinds ; ale
and porter 1,1 13,500 barrels of 36 gallons each ;
spiritous liquors and compounds 11,146,782 gal
lons; wine 65,000 pipes; butter 16,600,000
pounds ; cheese 21,100,000 pounds. As many
as 50,000 lamps, were, in 1812, lighted every
night, within the bills of mortality. The city is
now iighted by gas ; and 28 chaldrons of coal
are daily consumed for producing the gas ; by
which 76,000 lights are supplied, each equal to
the light of 6 candles. — Four members are re
turned to parliament for London, two for West
minster, and two for Southwark.
It has been computed that for several years
past as many as 800 new books are published
annually in the city. In 1815, from the returns
made to the house of commons about 20,000
morning newspapers were published daily ; 15,
or 16,000 evening papers ; 20 to 22,000 on
alternate days ; 70,000 weekly ; monthly mag
azines and reviews upwards of 50 ; several oth
ers published quarterly or at irregular periods.
In this vast hive of human society are to be
found the most princely opulence, and the most
abject poverty ; every virtue which ennobles,
and every vice which debases human nature.
Colquhoun, in his " Police of London," des
cribes 18 different classes of cheats and swind
lers, who infest the metropolis. From a report
made in 1815, it appears that there were then,
in foe city, no less than 15,288 beggars ; and it
has been computed, that as many as 50,000
females gain a wretched subsistence by vice.
The following are among the calamities re
corded in the history of London. In 664 it was
ravaged by the plague. In 798, it was almost
wholly consumed by fire. In 801, it suffered
again by fire. In 1264, 20,000 persons perished
by famine. In 1347, it was visited with a ter
rible pestilence, which lasted several years,
and carried off as many as 100,000 inhabitants.
No less than 50,000, were interred during
one year, in one burying ground. In 1407, the
plague carried off 30,000; in 1500,20,000; and
in 1603, 30,578. In 1625, a terrible pestilence
carried off 35,417. The whole number of per
sons who died that year, in the city, was 54,265,
said to be one third of the inhabitants. In 1665,
the great plague carried off 68,950 persons, ac
cording to the bills returned ; yet the real num
ber was much greater. The whole number of
deaths within foe year, as given by the bills, was
97,306. The , following year, a fire broke out,
which lasted 4 days, and consumed 400 streets,
13,200 dwelling houses, 89 churches, besides a

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950

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great many other public buildings and splendid
edifices. The whole loss was calculated at
£10,730,500 sterling. A Monument, 202 feet
in height, was erected by sir Christopher Wren,
in memory of this fire. — Natives, Chaucer, More,
Spencer, Cowley, Milton, Temple, Shaftsbury,
Pope, Halley, Doddridge, Churchill, Hogarth,
Chesterfield, Glover, Lowth.
London Britain, X. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 425.
London Cross Roads, (New J p-t. Chester co.
Pa.; W. 115.
London Harbour, bay and harbour on N.
coast ofthe island of St. John, in the gulf of
St. Lawrence. Lon. 63. 8. W. Lat. 46.26. N.
Londonderry, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 25
SSE. Concord, 35 WSW. Portsmouth, W. 484.
Pop. in 1810, 2,766; in 1820, 3,127. It is a
large and valuable agricultural township, and
one of the most considerable in the state, and
contains a respectable and well endowed acad
emy. It is divided into two parishes, in each
of which is a Presbyterian meeting house. The
turnpike from Boston to Concord, passes
through this town. It was settled in 171P, by
16 families from the north of Ireland.
Londonderry, p-t. Windham co. Vt. ; 33 SW.
Windsor, W. 440. Pop. 958.
Londonderry, p-t. Chester co. Pa. ; W. 128.
Pop. 581.
Londonderry, X. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 1,100.
Londondeny, X. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 602.
Londonderry, p-t. Guernsey co. Ohio ; W. 31 1 .
Londonderry, co. Ireland, in Ulster, bounded
N. by Lough Foyle and the Atlantic ocean, E.
by Antrim, SW. by Tyrone, and W. by Done
gal ; extending in its dimensions 32 miles from
N. to S., and about the same from E. to W. Sq.
m. 798. Pop. in 1813, 186,000. Episcopalians
27,000. Presbyterians 53,000. Catholics 106,000.
This county was formerly called Coleraine.
Londonderry, anciently Derry, city &s-p. Ire
land, capital of a county of the same name ;
106 NNW. Dublin. Lon. 7. 13. W. Lat. 55. N.
Fop. including the suburbs, 18,500. Bp. see. It
is situated on W. side of Lough Foyle, over
which is a wooden bridge, upwards of 1,000
feet in length, erected in the year 1791. The
town is of great antiquity, is built on uneven
ground, has within the walls 4 main streets
which intersect at right angles, and contains a
Gothic cathedral, a chapel of ease, 2 Presbyte
rian meeting houses, and a Catholic chapel.
The streets are well paved and lighted. The
harbour is deep, wide, and tolerably secure.
Avery extensive trade is carried on between
this town, the West Indies and America. The
exports consist of linen, yarn, fac. — It sends
one member to parliament.
Lonee, X. Hind. ; 12 ESE. Poonah.
Lonel, X. Sardinia ; 22 SE. Bosa.
Loner, X. Hind., Baglana; 16 NW. Chander.
Londres, or London, X. S. A. in Tucuman.
Lat. 29. 12. S.
Lonerslatt, X. Bavaria ; 14 SSW. Bamberg.
Lonfelden, X. Austria ; 6 W. Freistatt
Long, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si; 1,195 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 21.
E. Lat. 22 22. N.
Long, city, China, of the second rank, in
, Chen-si ; 562 SW. Peking. Lon. 106. 32. E
Lat. 34. 39. N.

Long Bay, bay, W. of lake Winnipiseogee, E.
of Meredith. Length 3 miles.
Long Bay, bay on the coast of N. C. and
S. C, between Cape Fear and the mouth of
the Great Pedee.
Long Bay, bay on W. coast of Barbadoes.
Long, or Eighteen mile Beach, on the coast of
of N. J., between the Barnegat and Little Egg
Harbour Inlet.
Ij>ng Bay, bay on E. coast of Jamaica. Lon.
76. W. Lat. 18. 8. N.
Long Bay, bay on W. coast of Jamaica. Lon.
78. 21. W. Lat. 18. 20. N.
Long Bay, bay on S. coast of Jamaica ; 6 E.
Callabash bay.
Long Bottom, p-t. Athens co. Ohio, W. 331. "
Long Forgan; X. Scot., Perthshire ; 12 ENE.
Perth. Long, or Great Island, isl. Tennessee, in the
Holston ; 45 SW. Abingdon, Va. Length, 3 m.
Long Island, isl. in Green bay, W. of lake
Michigan. Long Island, isl. belonging to the state of N.
York, extending E. from the city of New, York
140 miles. It is not more than 10 miles in
breadth on a medium, and is separated from
Connecticut by Long island sound. The island
is divided into 3 counties; King's Queen's and
Suffolk. Lon. 72. to 74. W. Lat 40. 50. N. Pop.
in 1810, 48,751 ; in 1820, 57,978. Sag Harbour
is the principal port. The south side of the isl
and is flat land, of a light sandy soil, bordered
on the sea coast, with large tracts of salt mead
ow. The soil, however, is well calculated for
raising grain, especially Indian corn. The north
side of the island is hilly, and of a strong soil,
adapted to the culture of grain, hay, and fruits,
and the eastern part is remarkably adapted to
the growth of wood, and supplies, in great part,
the city of New York with this article. The
principal towns and villages on the island are
Brooklyn, Jamaica, Sag harbour, Flatbush,
Flushing, Satauket, and Huntington.
Long Island Sound, a kind of island sea, from
3 to 25 m. broad, and about 140 long, extend
ing the whole length of the island, and dividing
it from Connecticut. It communicates with
the ocean at both ends.
Long Island, isl. in Penobscot bay, on foe
coast of Maine ; 12 miles long, and 2 broad.
Pop. 19. See Islesborovgh.
Long Island, small isl. near the coast of S. C.
Lon. 72. 45. W. Lat. 32. 50. N.
Long Island, isl. near S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76. 58. W. Lat. 17. 51. N.
Long Island, isl. near N. coast of Antigua.
Lon. 61. 28. W. Lat. 17. 17. N.
Long Island, isl. in Hudson's straits. Lon. 75.
W. Lat. 61. N.
Long Island, isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon. 78.
30. W. Lat. 55. 10. N.
Long Island, narrow island, about 2 miles in
length, on S. coast of Ireland, and county of
Cork, in Roaring Water bay. Lon. 9. 27. W.
Lat. 51. 26. N.
Long Island, one of the smaller Bermuda isl
ands. Long Island, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of E. Florida. Lon. 82. 65. W.
Lat. 27. 50. N.

LON

951

LON

Long Island, small isl. near the coast of Vir
ginia, at foe mouth of York River. Lon. 76. 35.
W. Lat. 37. 16. N.
Long Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, near
the coast of Brazil. Lat. 16. 30. S.
Long Island, small isl. Eng., in Pool Harbour.
Long Island, small island in the E. Indian
sea, near W. coast of Brilliton. Lon. 107. 30. E.
Lat. 2. 51. S.
Long- Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near SE. coast ofthe isl. of Madura. Lon. 113.
5. E. Lat. 7. 16. S.
Long Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near N. coast of the isl. of Flores. Lon. 122. 27.
E. Lat 8. 6. S.
Long Island, small isl. in a bav on N. coast of
New Guinea. Lon. 135. 18. E. Lat. 1.4. S.
Long Island, isl. in Queen Charlotte's Sound,
on the coast of New Zealand, called by the
Natives Hamote, about 4 miles in length ; 9. S.
Port Jackson.
Long Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, at the
entrance of Broad Sound, on NNE. coast of
New Holland, about 30 m. in length. Lon. 210.
33. W. Lat. 22. 24. S.
Long Island, see English Island.
Long Island, see Leoing.
Long Island, small isl. near W. coast of Scot.
Lon. 5. 37. W. Lat. 56. 15. N.
Long Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat. 10. 25. S.
Long Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipelago.
Lon. 98. 12. E. Lat. 12. 36. S.
Long Island, see Yuma.
Long Kouang, X. Corea; 125 SSE. King-ki-tao.
Lon. 127. 54. E. Lat. 35. 55. N.
Long Key, (Middle,) small isl. in the bay of
Honduras, near foe coast of Mexico. Lon. 88.
48. W. Lat. 17. 10. N.
Long Key, (North,) small island in the bay of
Honduras, near foe coast of Mexico. Lon. 88.
40. W. Lat. 17. 50. N.
Long Key, (South,) small island in the bay of
Honduras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88.
50. W. Lat. 16. 57. N.
Long Meadow, p-t. Hampden co. Mass., on E.
side of the Connecticut : 6 S. Springfield, 97
WSW. Boston, W. 359. Pop. 1,171.
Long Mountain,mX. N.H.; 15 NE. Lancaster.
Long Mountain, mt. Virginia; 80 WSW. Rich
mond. Lon. 79. 20. W. Lat. 37. 15. N.
Long Nose, cape on E. coast of New Holland,
in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 151. 15. E. Lat.
35. 6. S.
Long Point, peninsula of Upper Canada, ex
tending 20 miles into lake Erie.
Long Pond, in Cumberland co. Maine, on E.
side of Bridgetown ; 10 m. long, and 1 broad.
, Long Reach, narrow part of the straits of
Magellan, between Cape Quad and Buckley
Point. Long Reef, shoal in the Spanish Main, near
the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82. 50. W. Lat. 12.
22. N.
Long Ride, see Laurel Mountains.
Long Sort, small isl. in the river of St. Law
rence. Lon. 74. 55. W. Lat. 55. 2. N.
Long Shoal, r. N. C, which runs into Pamlico
sound, Lon. 76. 4. W. Lat. 35. 21. N.
Long Shoal Point, cape on foe coast of North

Carolina, at the mouth of Long Shoal river.
Lon. 76.2. W. Lat. 35. 22. N.
Long Shoals, an expansion of Cumberland
riyer in Pulaski co. Ken. It contains several
islands. Long Swamp, X. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,371
i Lon-Pa^0"?r of the smaller Shetland islands.
Lon. 1. 37. W. Lat. 60. 12. N.
Longa, small isl. near west coast of Scotland.
Lon, 5. 40. W. Lat. 56. 12. N.
Longacoming, p-t. Gloucester co. N. J. ; W.
159. Longahoo, one of the smaller Friendlv isls. ;
12 ESE. Neeneeva.
Longanico, (an. Pisa J X. Morea, near the
mouth of foe Alpheus ; 30 S. Patras.
Longay, small isl. near E. coast of Skye. Lon.
5. 53. W. Lat. 57. 19. N.
Longee, see Lbonghee.
Lo-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in kiang-
si ; 47 WSW. Kien-tchang.
Lo-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in Chang-
tong ; 22 NNW. Tcin-tcheou.
Longara, X. Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 20
WNW. St. Severina.
Longares, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 20 SSW. Sa
ragossa. Longavi, mt. Chili. Lat. 35. 30. S. Its height
is estimated at more than 20,000 feet.
Longbridge, X. Scot, in Murray ; 4 E. Elgin.
Longchamp, X. France, in Marne ; 12 E. Chau
mont. Longchamp, X. France, in Seine ; 3 W. Paris.
Longchamps, X. France, in Vosges ; 3 NNE.
Epinal, 7 W. Bruyeres.
Longeau, X. France, in Upper-Marne ; 6 S.
Langres. Longepierre, X. France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire,
near the river Doubs; 7 ENE. Verdun sur Sa6ne
16 NE. Chalons sur Saone.
Longeri, X. Africa, in Loango, where the kings
are generally interred.
Longeville, X. France, in Moselle ; 3 W. St
Avoid, 4 ESE. Boulay.
Longeville, X. France, in Upper-Marne; 15
SSW. St. Dizier.
Longford, co. Ireland, in Leinster, bounded
NW. by Leitrim, NE. by Cavan, S. and SE. by
Westmeath, and W. by Roscommon ; about 21
miles in length, and 14 in its general breadth. It
contains 23 parishes, about 10,000 houses, and
rather more than 50,000 inhabitants. Towards
the north it is mountainous, but the other part
is in general flat, in some places subject to be
overflowed by the Shannon, which bounds it
on the west ; and the Inny, which crosses it, on
the S. Longford is the principal town.
Longford, X. Ireland, in the county of that
name, on the river Cammin ; 40 SSW. Sligo, 58
WNW. Dublin. Lon. 7. 45. W. Lat. 52. 42. N.
It has considerable linen manufactures. Here
was formerly a Dominican convent.
Longhaven, bay, Scot., on the coast of Aber
deenshire ; 4 S. Peterhead.
Langholm, or Langholm, X. Scot., in Dumfries
shire, with a weekly market ; 15 N. Carslisle, 22
E. Dumfries. Pop. 2,039. Near it are some me
dicinal springs.
Long-hou-koen, X. China, in Hou-quang ; 62
SSW. Tao.

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952

LOO

Longiano, X. Italy ; 12 NW. Rimini.
Lon-kang, t. Corea ; 30 WNW. Hoang-tcheou.
Longmay, X. Scot, in Aberdeenshire ; 5 S.
Fraserburgh. Long-men, X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
tong ; 42 N. Hoei-tcheou.
Long-nan, city, China, of the first rank, in Se-
tchuen, on the river Mou-qua ; 710 SW. Peking.
Lon. 104. 18. E. Lat. 32. 22. N. This city is
considered as one of the most important of the
province, having several forts under its jurisdic
tion, which were formerly of great use to pre
vent the invasions of the Tartars.
Long-nan, t. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
si; 50 S. Nan-ngan.
Long-nen, X. China, of the third rank, in Pe-
tche-li ; 27 NW. Yen-king.
Longness-Point, cape on S. coast of the Isle
of Man ; 10 SSW. Douglas.
Longnewton, X. Scot, in Roxburgshire ; 6 NW.
Jedburgh. Long-ngan, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang.si ; 7 SW. Tou-nang.
Longnor, X. Eng., in Staffordshire, on the bor
ders of Derbyshire, with a market on Wednes
day ; 32 N. Stafford, 167 NW. London.
Longny, t. France, in Orne ; 9 E. Mortagne.
12 NE. Bellesme. Pop. 1,917.
Longobardo, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 10
SW. Cosenza.
Longobuco, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra; 14 S.
Rosano. Longoloma, r. Chili, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, Lat. 31. 30. S.
Longoloma, t. Chili, on N. side of the river so
called ; 84 S. Coquimbo.
Longovicus, now Lancaster.
Longside, X. Scot, in Aberdeenshire ; .4 W.
Peterhead. Long-siuen, X. China, of the third rank, in
Kiang-si ; 42 S. Ki-ngan.
Long-siuen, X. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang ; 45 WSW. Tcbu-tcheo.
Long-tan, X. Corea ; 42 SE. Hetsin.
Long-ichang, t. China, of the third rank, in
Se-tchuen ; 35 NNW. Tche-li-leou.
Long-tchang-ching, t. China, in Chang-tong ;
15 E. Tci-nan.
Long-tchian mt. Thibet. Lon. 86. 39. E. Lat.
27. 48. N.
Long-tchuen, X. Corea ; 55 WNW. Han-tcheou.
Long-tchuen, t. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-tong ; 50 ESE. Lien-ping.
Long-le, t China, of foe third rank, in Chen-
si ; 22 W. Pin-leang.
Long-town, or Longton, X. Eng., in Cumber
land ; 9 N. Carlisle, 307 N. London. Pop. 1,325.
It is situated on the borders of Scotland, near
foe conflux of the Esk and the Kirksop, with a
weekly market on Thursday.
Longton, X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 6 SW. Pres
ton. Pop. 1,340.
Longlown, X. Eng., in Herefordshire, on the
borders of Monmouthshire ; 18 WSW. Hereford.
Pop. 844.
Long-tsuen, X. China, of the third rank, Koei-
tcheou ; 27 SW. Se-nan.
Long-ty, X. China, of the third rank, in Koei-
tcheou ; 12 SE. Koei-yang.
Longue, X. France, in Mayne-and-Loire ; 7 N.

Saumur, 10 S. Bauge. Pop. 3,573.
Longue, small island in the Indian sea; 10 N.
Mauritius. Longueil, t. Canada, on the St. Lawrence.
Lon. 73. W. Lat. 45. 36. N.
Longuemarch, X. Flanders ; 7 NNE. Ypres.
Longueval, X. France, in Somme ; 9 .NW. Pe-
ronne. Longueville, X. France, in Lower-Seine ; 9 S.
Dieppe. Pop. 430.
Longuion, X. France, and seat of a tribunal,
in Moselle ; 7 SW. Longwy, 22 W. Thion-
ville. Lon. 5. 41. E. Lat. 49.27. N. Pop. 1,509.
Here is a considerable iron forge and cannon
foundery. Longwy, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Moselle, on the Chiers ; 7 posts NNW.
Mentz, 37 \ E.Paris. Lat. 49. 32. N. Pop. 2,129.
It was fortified by Vauban.
Longwy, X. France, in Jura, on the Doubs ; 9
S. D61e.
Long:yang,X. China, ofthe third rank, in Hou-
quang; 15 SE. Tchan-te.
Long-yen, X. China, of the third rank, in Fo-
kien ; 52 SE. Ting-tcheou.
Long-yeou, X. China, of the third rank, in
Tche-kiang; 15 ENE. Kiu-tcheou.
Lonhanko, X. Birmah ; 65 N. Munchaboo.
Lonia, r. Croatia, which rises near Graben,
and runs into the Velika, 6 S. Ivantz.
Lonicera, p-t. Baldwin co. Georgia; W. 684.
Lonigo, ox Leonico, X. Italy, in foe Vicentin,
on a river called Fiume Novo ; 14 SSW. Vi
cenza. It contains several churches and mon
asteries. Loningen, X. Munster ; 8 SSW. Cloppenburg.
Lonjumeau, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 9
SE. Versailles, 10 S. Paris. Pop. 1,434.
Lonka, x. Bohemia, which runs into the Elbe,
3. SE. Leitmeritz.
Lonka, X. Rus. Podolia ; 44 N. Kaminiec.
Loulay, t. France, Lower-Charente ; 6 north
St. Jean d'Angely.
Lonlay VAbbaye, X. France, in Orne ; 4 NW.
Domfront, 9 S. Mortain. Pop. 3,300. .
Longe Terre, small isl.near W.coastof France;
2 W. Bourg Neuf. Lat. 47. 1. N.
Lonneker, X. Neth., in Oveiyssel ; 32 E. De-
venter. Fop. 1,300.
Lons le Saunter, city, France, and capital of
Jura, formerly celebrated for its salt-works, not
now carried on; 11 J posts SSW. Besancon, 48J
E.Paris. Lon. 5. 38. E. Lat. 46. 40. N. Pop.
7,074. H. 860. Chh. 5.
Lonschakova, X. Russia, >n Irkutskoi ; 40 NNE.
Stretensk. Lonschim, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 10 S. Culm.
Lonichoudsong, X. Thibet; 35 NNE. Lassa.
Lon. 92. 14. E. Lat. 29. 58. N.
Lonthal, x. Wurtemberg, which runs into the
Brentz, between Giengen and Brentz.
Lonlhoir, t. Banda, in the E. Indian sea.
Lontou, X. Africa, in Galam, on the Senegal ;
60 SE. Galam.
Lonyn, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-si; 1,160 SSW. Peking. Lon. 106. 39. E.
Lat. 22. 57. N.
Lonzac, t. France, Correze, district of Tulle.
Pop. 2,011.
Loo, X. Flanders; 6 SSE.Dixmude. P. 1,363.

LOO

953

LOR

Loo, r. Brabant, which runs into the Dyle,
near Lou vain.
Loo, x. Eng., which runs into the sea, a little
below East and West Looe.
Looboe, t. on south coast of Celebes, in Bony
bay. Lon. 121. 25. E. Lat. 2. 42. S.
Loocalla, X. Congo, on the Zaire ; 90 W. St.
Salvador. Loo-Christy, X. Neth., in E. Flanders; 6 NE.
Ghent. Pop. 3,100.
Loochoo, Lieou-Kieou, Lewehew, or Liqueo
Islands, a cluster of 36 islands, in the Eastern
ocean, south of Japan, 400 or 500 miles E.
China Great Loochoo, the only island of large
size, is about 50 miles long, and from 12 to 15
broad. The soil and climate are remarkably
fine; the sea breezes preserve it from extremes
of heat and cold ; while its configuration, ris
ing in the middle to considerable eminences,
supplies it with streams of excellent water. Ex
quisite fruits and vegetables abound, but the
most important object pf cultivation is rice.
The whole coast is surrounded with coral reefs,
but it has several excellent harbours ; one in
particular said to excel that of Port Mahon.
The capital is Kintching, situated 5 miles from
its port Napakiang. It is beautifully situated
on the slope of a hill, the houses intermingled
with fine trees, rising gently above each other,
and foe king's palace crownipg the whole. It
is in Lon. 127. 52. E. Lat. 26. 14. N.
This island was visited by captains Maxwell
and Hall in their return from the late embassy
to China, and from the accounts of captain
Hall and Mr. Macleod, since published, the in
habitants are a very interesting and estimable
"people. They are of small stature, the men, on
an average, not being more than 5 feet and 2
inches high ; but strong, well made, and ath
letic ; their dispositions gay, gentle, and pecu
liarly amiable, and their manners.respectful and
polite. During the stay of the English upon
their coast, they lavished upon them every spe
cies of courtesy and hospitality, and at their
departure made demonstrations of deep grief,
that were quite affecting. They have long been
tributary to the Chinese, but their natural fea
tures and disposition are quite distinct ; and
their appearance indicates their descent from
Japan or rather Corea. In complexion they
are as fair as the natives of Spain or Portugal.
They appeared to be unacquainted with the use
of arms, and with money. Their language is a
dialect of the Japanese,
Looduera, t. Bengal ; 1 1 S. Rogonatpour.
Looe, small isl. near the coast of Cornwall ;
2 SE. Looe.
Looe, (East,) X. Eng., in Cornwall ; 16 W.
Plymouth, 232 WSW. London. Lon. 4. 18. W.
tat 50. 22. N. Pop. 480. It has a market on
Saturday ; and is an ancient borough by pres
cription, sending two members to parliament.
It is situated on E. side of the river Loo, near
its mouth, which is navigable for vessels of 100
tons. Looe, (West,) X. Eng., in Cornwall, on W. side
of the Loo, opposite to East Looe. It has a
market on Saturday, and sends 2 members to
parliament Pop. 433.
Lbohoggo, one of the smaller Friendly isl-
Vol. I. 120

ands, surrounded by a reef of rocks. Lon. 185.
36. E. Lat. 19. 41. S.
Loojama, X. on E. coast of the island of Ti
mor. Lon. 126. 18. E. Lat 8. 27 S
Looknapour, x. Hind., in Oude ; 15 SW. Kai
rabad. Lookout Mountain, mt. Tennessee and Geor
gia, the river Tennessee passes directly un
der the north brow, and the ridge extends S.
into Georgia. The height is estimated at 2,500
feet Lookout Creek flows on the west side into
the Tennessee, 8 or 9 W. Brainerd.
Lookseengah, X. Bengal ; '35 NW. Ramgur.
Loom, X. Norway ; 60 SE. Romsdal.
Loomaka, X. Bootan ; 28 S. Tassasudon.
Loonenburg„see Athens, N. Y.
Loonghee, X. Birmah, on the Irrawaddy ; 55 N.
Prome. Lat. 19. 42. N. The meaning of the
word is Great Cable, and the name is said to
be so called from a ligament of stone which
passes from a rock to the opposite shore, and
which the inhabitants believe was once a rope,
which floating down the stream, was stopped
and petrified. It has considerable trade. Here
is a celebrated temple.
Loonpour, X. Guzerat ; 40 E. Junagur.
Loonzay, see Mayahoum.
Loop Head, see Cape Lean.
Loosedrecht, t. Holland ; 8 S. Naarden.
Looseduynen, or Lausdun, v. Holland ; 4 SSW.
the Hague. Pop. 1,492.
Loosz, ox Lootz, see Borchloen.
Lop, see Tantabee.
Lop, lake, Central Asia, with a town of the
same name on its banks, on the caravan road
from Kashgar to China, on north side of desert
of Cobi. About Lon. 90. E. Lat. 42. N.
Lop Kent-chian, mt. Thibet Lon. 85. 54. E.
Lat. 30. 14. N.
Lopadium, now Lubad.
Lopary, X. Hind., Benares; 10 N. Jionpour.
Lo-pe, t. China, of the third rank, in Quang-
si; 7 E. Ta-ping.
Lopesco, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 19 SW.
Aquila. .
Lo-ping, X. China, of foe third rank, in Kiang-
si ; 30 E. Yao-tcheou.
Lo-ping, X. China, of the third, in Chan-si ;
15 S. Ping-ting.
Lo-ping, city, China, of the second rank, in
Yun-nan; 1,112 SSW. Peking. Lon. 103.55.
E. Lat. 25. N.
Lopo, lake, Thibet, about 18 miles long, and
9 broad. Lon. 89. 52. E. Lat. 42. 20. N.
Loppen, small isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat. 69. 43. N.
Loppersum, v. Neth.; 5 W. Delfzyl. Pop.
1,000. Loppis, X. Finland ; 36 NNW. Helsingfors.
Lopsclienskoi, X. Russia, in Archangelskoe, on
foe coast of the White sea ; 60 W. Archangel.
Lora,X. Spain, in Seville; 8 N. Carmona.
Pop. 3,000.
Lora, castle, Prussia, in Erfurt; 3 SE.Bleich-
erode, 18 N. Muhlhausen.
Lora, x. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 34. 46. S.
Lora, X. Chili, on a river of the same name ;
105 S. Valparaiso.
LoroA, t. Bahar ; 25 WSW. Rota gur.

LOR

954

LOS

Laramie, X. Ohio, which joins the Great Mi
ami at Piqua. It is navigable for batteaux 30
miles. Loranga, r. Africa, which ruris into the straits
'of Mozambique, Lat. 17. 30. S.
Loranca, t. Spain, New Castile ; 8 S. Huette.
Lbrbus, or Lerba, (an. Ldribus Calonia,) X.
Africa, in Tunis ; 10 WSW. Tuberlake.
Lorca, (an. Ilorcis,) t. Spain, in Murcia, for
merly a city, and the see of a bishop; 34 SW.
Murcia, 42 W. Carthagena. Lon. 2. W. Lat. 37.
38. N. Pop. 21,866. It has 9 churches, several
monasteries, and extensive manufactures of
saltpetre. The inhabitants are chiefly descend
ants of Moors, called, in the language of Spain,
New Christians.
Lorch, X. Ger., in Nassau, whose inhabitants
subsist by cultivating vineyards and making
wine ; 5 SSE. Caub, 24. WNW. Mentz.
Lorch, t. Wurt. ; 6 W. Gemund. Pop. 1,248.
Lorch, or Lorich, or Laurach, (an. Laurea-
rum,) X. Upper Austria, on a river of the same
name, near the Enz.
Lorchhausen, t. Ger., Nassau, on the Rhine ;
27 W. Mentz.
Lord Edgecumb's Islands, or Lew Sark, one
¦ of Queen Charlotte's islands, in the S. Pacific
ocean, about 10 miles long, and 3 broad. Lon.
165. 14. E. Lat. 11. 10. S.
Lord Hood's Canal, inlet in the gulf of New
Georgia, discovered and examined by captain
Vancouver ; about 40 miles in length from
north to south, and 3 in breadth. Towards the
north it communicates with Admiralty Inlet;
on the south it is closed by the land. The
southern extremity is situated in Lon. 237.9.
E. Lat. 47. 20. N.
Lord Howe's Group, cluster of islands in the
Pacific ocean, discovered by captain Hunter,
in the year 1791. Thirty-two of these islands
were distinctly counted from the mast head,
bearing NW. half N. to NE. half E. ; many of
them at such a distance, as made it probable
the whole number was not seen. Some ofthe
men who appeared in a boat, were stout, clean,
well-made people, of a dark copper colour.
Lon. 159. 24. E. Lat. 5. 30 S.
Lord Howe's Island, see Howe's Island.
Lord North's Island, small, low, and uninhab
ited island in the Pacific ocean. It has also been
called Nevil's Island and Johnstone's Island.
Lon. 131.12. E. Lat. 3.8. N.
Lore, or Lori, X. Georgia, Carduel ; 60 SSW.
Teflis, 65 NE. Erivan. It was anciently the
capital of Armenia Minor, contained 6,000
houses, gave an asylum to kings, and is said to
have stood out during a seige of 7 years. It
contained, in 1817, only 30 houses, but exhibit
ed various traces of ancient greatness.
Laredo, or Loreo, (an. Lauretum Venelum,) t.
Italy, in the Venetian Dogada, near a canal of
the Adige ; 20 S. Venice. Pop. 2,300. It is the
principal place of a district.
Loremberg, t. Goritz ; 7 E. Goritz.
Lorenzago, X. Italy, Belluno ; 7 NE. Cadora.
Lorenzo, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Peru, opposite to the port Callao ;
inhabited by some Indian fishermen. Lat. 12.4. S.
Loreo, see Laredo.
Lorcto, or Lorelto, t. Popedom, in the mar

quisate of Ancona ; on a hill, about half a
league from the Adriatic; 12 N. Ancona, 110
NE. Rome. Lon. 13. 35. E. Lat. 43. 27. N.
Pop. 5, or 6,000. It is small, but fortified, not
of strength sufficient to stand a siege. It is the
see of a bishop, under the pope. The conse
quence of the place arises from the Santa Casa,
or Holy House, which it is pretended was the
very same in which the Virgin Mary lived at
Nazareth ; and which, according to the history
of it, was transported by the angels, in the
year 1291, from Galilee.
Lorcto, X. Corsica ; 7 NE. Porta.
Loreto, r. Naples, in Calabria Citra, which
runs into the Trionto.
Loreto, or Notre Dame de Loreto, t. N; A. in
California. Lon. 113. W. Lat. 25. 30. N.
Loreto, t. New Mexico, in Mayo ; 105 ENE.
Santa Cruz.
Loreto, X. Buenos Ayres; 200 E. Corrientes*
Loreto, X. S. America, in Moxos, on the Mar
mora ; 50 S. Trinidad.
Lorelto, or Jeune Loreile, an Indian village in
Canada ; 9 NW. Quebec. H. 40, or 50.
Lorelto, or Pittsville, p-v. Essex county, Va. ;
W. 91.
Loretz, r. Switz., which forms a communica
tion between lake Zug and the river Reuss.
Lorgues, X. France, in Var ; 6 SW. Draguig-
nan, 15 W. Frejus. Pop. 4,871.
V Orient, see Orient V.
Loriol, X. France, in Drome; 9 W. Crest, 12
S. Valence. Pop. 2,390.
Lorme, X. France, and seat of a tribunal, in
Nyevre; 6 ENE. Corbigny, 33 NE. Nevers.
Pop. 2,416.
Lorn, district, Scot, in N. part of Argyle.
The eldest son of the duke of Argyle takes the
title of marquis of Lorn.
Lorous, (an. Laribus,) X. Tunis ; 60 SW. Tunis.
Loroux Beconnois, (LeJ X. France, in Mayne-
and-Loire ; 13 WNW. Angers, 27 N. Chollet
Pop. 2,018.
Loroux Bottereaux, (LeJ X. France, Lower-
Loire ; 9 E. Angers, 10 N. Clisson. Pop. 2,122.
Lorqui, X. Spain, Murcia; 12 NW. Murcia.
Lorquin, X. France, in Meurte ; 4 SSE. Sar-
rebourg, 19 E. Luneville. Pop. 1,012.
Lorrach, or Larach, X. Baden ; 6 NW. Rhein-
felden, 6 NE. Bale. Pop. 1,906.
Lorraine, (Duchy of) united to France ; and,
with the duchy of Bar, now divided into foe
departments of the Meuse, the Meurte, the Mo
selle, and the Vosges. This country forms only
a small part of the kingdom, which bore that
name, and which extended from Vienne, on
the Rhone to Cologne.
Lorraine, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; 9 E. lake
Ontario, 150 WNW. Albany, W.439. Pop.1,112.
Lorris, X. France, in Loiret ; 12 SW. Montar-
gis, 24 E. Orleans. Pop. 1,526.
Lorsch, or Lauresheim, abbey, Hesse-Darm
stadt, on the Bergstrass ; 6 E. Worms. Pop.
1,660. Lorungah, pass in the mountains of Bengal ;
18 W. Ramgur.
Losari, t. Corsica; 15 N. Calvi.
Losch, or LescA, t Moravia, in Brunn. Pon.
1,336. Loschan, X. Bohemia, Kaurzim ; 4 E. Prague-

LOT

955

LOU

Loschitz, or Lostitz,.X. Moravia; in Olmutz ; 2
S. Muglitz. Pop. 1,596.
Lnsdorf X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 6 WSW.
Kamnitz. Losenilza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia ; 30 SSW.
Sabacz. Loser, X. Salzburg, on the Stainpach ; 20 E.
Kuffstein, 21 SW. Salzburg.
Losito, t. Naples, in Bari ; 6 E. Bittetto.
Losontz, ox Losoncz, X. Hungary, in Neograd ;•
34 SE. Altsohl. Pop. 2,800. It has a gymnasium.
Losquet, small isl. in the English Channel,
near the coast of France. Lon. 3. 3}. W. Lat.
43. 49. N.
Loss, (Islands of) cluster of small islands in
the Atlantic, near the coast of Africa. Lon. 13.
W. Lat. 9. 16. N.
Lossa, or Losse, x. Thuringia, which runs into
the Unstrutt
Lossa, t. Silesia, irt Brieg ; 5 SE. Brieg.
Lossabach, x. Saxony, which runs into the
Mulda, near Eulenburg.
Lossau, t Bav. ; 9 SE. Bayreuth.
Lossen, X. Courland; 32SE. Seelburg.
Lossie, r. Scot., which rises in Murray, and
runs into the sea, at Lossiemouth. It is cele
brated for its trout.
Lossiemouth, s-p. Scotland, in Murray, at the
mouth of the Lossie ; 6 N. Elgin. Pop. 180.
Lossin, or Lussin, (Great,) X. in south part of
the island ot Cherso. Pop. about 1,800.
Lossin, (Little,) X. island of Cherso ; 1 S. Great
Lossin. Pop. about 1,600.
Lossnitz, X. Saxony, in Schonburg ; 10 SE.
Zwickau, 50 SW. Dresden. Lon. 12. 37. E.
Lat. 50. 32. N. Pop. 3,300.
Lostitz, see Loschitz.
Lostwithiel, I. Eng., in Cornwall, on the Fow
ey; 234 WSW.' London. Pop. 825.
Loszlau, or Wodislau, X.' Silesia, and principal
place of a lordship, in Ratibor; 11 SE. Ratibor,
18 NNW. Teschen. Lon. 18. 18. E. Lat. 49. 57.
N. Pop. 1,311.
Lostorft Austria ; 9 W. St. Polten.
Losva, x. Russia, which runs into foe Sosva,
in Tobolsk, 40 W. Pelim.
Lot, dep. France, bounded N. by Correze, E.
by Cantal, SE. by Aveiron, S. by Tarn and
Upper-Garonne, W. by Lot-and-Garonne, and
NW. by Dordogne ; 70 miles in length, and 35
in breadth. It is divided into 3 arrondissements,
Cahors, the capital, Gourdon, and Figeac. Pop.
272,233. Sq. m. 2,065.
Lot, x. France, which rises in the dep. of Lo
zere ; passes by or near to Mende, St. Genies,
St C6me, Estang, Elagnac, Cajarc, Cahors,
Alban, Villeneuve d'Agen, fac, and joins the
Garonne, near Aiguillon. Length 150 miles.
Lot-and-Garonne, dep. France, bounded N.
by Dordogne, E. by Lot, S. by Gers, and W.
by Landes and Gironde; about 45 miles from
E. to W., and 36 from N. to S. It is divided
into 4 arrondissements, Agen, the capital, Nerac,
Villeneuve-d'Agen,faMarmande. Pop. 326,1 10;
about 30,000 Protestants. Sq. m. 2,167.
Lo-lchang, X. China, of the third rank, in
Quang-toug ; 20 NW. Chao-tcheou.
Lo-tcheou, X. Corea ; 22 WSW. Koang-
tcheou. Lo-tching, X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
si; 42 NW. Lieou-tcheou.

Lo-lchuen, X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
si ; 17 SSE. Ouei-ling.
Lo-lchuen, X. China, of the third rank, Chen-
si ; 12 SE. Fou.
Lotewart,X. Ger.; 3 WSW. Smalkalden.
LotA, t. Scot., in Sutherland, on E. coast; 16
NNE. Dornoch.
Lothau, X. Bav. ; 9 S. Culmbach.
Lothian, fertile district, Scot., now divided
into 3 shires, viz., East Lothian, or Hadding
tonshire, Mid-Lothian, or Edinburghshire, and
West-Lothian, or Linlithgowshire.
lathing, lake, Eng., Suffolk, near Lowestoft.
Lothingland, once an island, and part of Suf
folk, towards the German ocean, situated in
NE. part of the county, and the most eastern
part of Great Britain ; now a peninsula. The
river Yare bounds it N., the sea E., the lake of
Lothing S., and the river Wavenny W. ; it is
only joined to the main land by a narrow neck
near Lowestoft, formed, as is supposed, about
the year 1722. It is above 10 m. in length from
N. to S., and 6 in breadth ; and contains 16
parishes, of which Lowestoft is the principal
and only market town.
Lo-tien, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou- .
Quang ; 40 NE. Hoang-tcheou.
Lo-ting, X. China, of the third rank, in Chang-
tong ; 25 NW. Vou-ting.
Lo-tong, X. China, of the . third rank, in Yun
nan ; 32 W. Yun-nan.
Lolophagilis, see Gerba.
Lo-tsa, X. China, of the third rank, Se-tchuen ;
50 ESE. Tching-tou.
Lo-lse, t. China, ofthe third rank, Yun-nan ;
25 NW. Yun-nan.
Lo-lsin, X. China, of the third rank, in Tche-
kiang ; 12 NE. Ouen-tcheou.
Lotul, X. Bengal ; 16 W. Toree.
Lotzin, X. Prussia, in Gumbinnen, with a cas
tle, on a canal, which .joins the Angerburg and
Leventin lakes; 56 SE. Konigsberg. Lon. 21.
57. E. Lat. 53. 53. N. Pop. 1,339.
Lova, x. Russia, which runs into foe Vellka, S
NW. Onogka.
Lova, X. Hungary; 20 W. St. Crot
Louang, x. France, which runs into foe Laye,
5 N. Befoune.
Lonar, X. Hind., in Dowlatabad ; 10 WNW.
Kondur. Lovat, x. Russia, which rises from three lakes,
in the province of Polotsk, and runs into the
lake Ilmen, near Stara Rusa, in Novgorod.
Lovat, X. Bulgaria ; 64 E. Sofia.
Lovatova, X. on E. coast of the isl. of Flores.
Lon. 122. 50. E. Lat 8. 30. S.
Loubens, X. France, Upper-Garonne ; 12 NW.
Revel, 15 E. Toulouse.
Loubiere, X. of the isl. of Dominica, on W.
coast ; 17 S. Portsmouth.
Loubo, X. Benin, at the mouth of the river
Formosa ; 60 SW. Benin.
Loubressac, X. France, in Lot ; 4 W. St. Cere.
Lou-ehi, X. China, of foe third rank, Ho-nan;
45 S. Tchen.
Louchou, X. Persia, in Mazanderan ; 45 NE.
C&sbiti Loude, X. France, in Upper-Loire ; 6 NW. Le
PuyenVelay. . . .
Loudeac, t. France, and principal place of a

LOU

956

LOU

district, in North-Coasts ; 20 S. St. Brieuc, 27
SSE. Guingamp. Lon. 2. 40. W. Lat. 48. 8. N.
Pop. 1,289. Here is an iron forge, and a manu
facture of thread.
Loudon, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 11 NNE.
Concord, 42 NW. Portsmouth, W. 510. Pop.
1,694. Loudon, t.France, principal place of a district,
in Vienne, on an eminence, between the Creuse
and the Dive ; 12 E. Thouars, 27 NNW. Poitiers.
Lat, 47. N. Pop. 5,150.
Loudontown, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. ; W. 101.
Loudoun, co. N. side of Va., bounded N. by
the Potomac, E. by Fairfax co., S. by Prince
William and Fauquier cos., and W. by Frede
rick and Jefferson cos. Pop. in 1810, 21,338 ;
slaves 5,157. Pop. in 1820, 22,702. Chief town,
Leesburg. Loui, X. France, in Sarte ; 12 S. Sille le Gil-
laume, 15 W. Le Mans. Pop. 1,205.
Lovel, p-t. Oxford co. Maine ; 20 WSW. Paris,
W. 539. Pop. 430.
Loverano, X. Naples, Otranto ; 5 NNE. Nardo.
Loveskaia, X. Russia, on the Caspian sea ; 27
SE. Astrachan.
Lough Arrow, lake, Ireland ; 14 S. Sligo.
Lough Allen, lake, Ireland, formed by the
widening of the Shannon ; 7 N. Leitrim.
Lough Barra, lake, Ireland, in Donegal ; 20
N. Donegal.
Lough Bealta, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Mayo ; 7 NNW. Castlebar.
Lough Beg, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Antrim ; 2 N. Lough Neagh.
Lough Boffin, lake, Ireland, formed in the
river Shannon ; 8 NNW. Longford.
Lough Carragh, lake, Ireland, in the county
of Mayo; 10 S. Castlebar.
Lough Calt, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Sligo ; 20 SW. Sligo.
Lough Clay, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Armagh ; 7 S. Armagh.
Lough Clean, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Leitrim ; 10 ESE. Sligo.
Lough Conn, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Mayo ; 10 N. Castlebar.
Lough Corrib, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Galway, 20 m. long, and from 2 to 5 wide ; S.
extremity is about 3 m. from Galway.
Lough Contra, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Galway ; 3 SE. Gort.
Lough Curran, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Kerry ; 23 SW. Killamey.
Lough Dele, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Westmeath; 10 NE. Mullingar.
Lough Derg, lake, Ireland, which communi
cates with Lough Foyle ; 8 E. Donegal.
Lough Derig, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Longford ; 5 ENE. Edgeworthstown.
Lough Derina, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Kerry ; 24 SW. Killamey.
Lough Derveragh, lake, Ireland, in the county
of Westmeath ; 5 N. Mullingar,
Lough Eask, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Donegal ; 4 NE. Donegal.
Lough Ennel, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Westmeath ; 2 S. Mullingar.
Louh Erne, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Fermanagh, (or more properly two lakes con
nected,) 26 miles long, and from 2 to 8 broad.

Lough Foyle, large bay on north tfoast of
Ireland. Lough Furren, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Mayo ; 12 NW. Castlebar.
Lough Gara, lake, Ireland ; 20 S. Sligo.
Lough Gawnagh, lake, Ireland, in the county
of Longford ; 15 NE. Longford.
Lough Gilly, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Sligo ; 2 W. Sligo.
Lough Glin, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Donegal ; 22 WNW. Londonderry.
Lough Gur, lake, Ireland ; 10 S. Limerick.
Lough Hoyle, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Westmeath ; 2 NW. Mullingar.
Lough Hyne, bay of the Atlantic, on south
coast of Ireland, between Baltimore harbour
and Toe head.
Lough Iron, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Westmeath ; 5 NW. Mullingar.
Lough Kay, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Roscommon; 6 NW. Carrick.
Lough Lane, lake, Ireland, near Killarney; 15
S. Tralee.
Lough Lame, bay on E. coast of Ireland, be
tween the isl. of Magee, and the county of An
trim, about 6 m. long, and 1 wide.
Lough Ltne, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Westmeath ; 9 N. Mullingar.
Lough Malar, lake, Isle of Man ; 3 N. Ram
say. Lough Mask, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Galway, about 10 miles long, and from 1 to 3
broad ; 10 S. Castlebar.
Lough Melvin, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Fermanagh, about 7 m. long, and 1 or 2 wide ;
5 S. Ballyshannon.
Lough Naffy, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Galway ; 19 S. Castlebar.
Lough Nallenroe, lake, Ireland, in the county
of Mayo; 19 W. Killaloe.
Lough Neagh, large lake, Ireland, about 15 m.
in length, and 8 in breadth ; situated between
the counties of Antrim, Down, Armagh, Tyrone,
and Londonderry. The river Ban is the only
outlet. A petrifying quality is ascribed to the
water of this lake.
Lough Ogram, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Clare ; 8 NW. Killaloe.
Lough Oughler, lake, Ireland, in the county
of Cavan; 6W. Cavan.
Lough Pallis, lake, Ireland, in King's county ;
12 WNW. Portarlington.
Lough Ramar, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Cavan ; 12 S. Cavan.
Lough Rapham, lake, Ireland, in the county
of Mayo ; 12 SW. Castlebar.
Lough Rea, lake, Ireland, in foe county of
Galway, near the town of Loughrea, containing
several small islands, on which were formerly
some monasteries.
Lough Ree, lake, Ireland, formed by a con
siderable expansion of the river Shannon, be
tween the county of Roscommon and the coun
ties of Longford and Westmeath, reaching from
Lanesborough to Athlone, and in some places
3 miles broad.
Lough Saleen, lake, Ireland, in foe county of
Mayo ; near Castlebar.
Lough Shehan, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Cavan ; 13 S. Cavan.

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957

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£ougA Strangford, see Strangford.
Lough Swilly, bay on north coast of Ireland,
in the county of Donegal, 18 m. in length, and
from 1 to 4 in breadth, btit upwards of 30 in
circumference. This bay, thought to be the
Argite, ox Ptolemy, is one of foe nobles ports in
Ireland, or perhaps in Europe, with good an
chorage and deep water. A whole fleet may
anchor with safety.
Lough Ta, lake, near south coast of Ireland,
in foe county of Wexford, which receives sev
eral rivers, but having no outlet, it overflows
the country, if care be not taken to cut away
foe banks, near the sea, which soon fill up again;
3 NW. Carnsore point, 9 SSE. Wexford.
Lough Triorty, lake, Ireland, in the county of
Donegal ; 7 SSE. Donegal.
Lough Tra, or Lake ofthe Ladies Island, lake,
Ireland, in the county of Wexford, near the sea ;
6 S. Wexford.
Loughborough, X. Eng., in the county of Lei
cester ; 11 N. Leicester, 109 NW. London.
Lon. 1. 12. W. Lat. 52. 47. N. Pop. 5,400.
The town contains a charter school and some
barracks. The principal manufacture is mak
ing stockings. It has a market on Thursday.
Loughborough Canal, inlet on W. coast of N.
America, in the gulf of Georgia, about 30 miles
long, and 1 broad, between steep and nearly
perpendicular mountains. The entrance, Lon.
234. 35. E. Lat. 50. 27. N.
Loughborough's Island, isl. in the MerguiArchi-
pelago, of an oval form, about 10 mites long,
and 5 broad. Lat. 10. 38. N.
Loughrea, X. Ireland, in the county of Galway,
near a lake of the same name ; 15 SW. Galway.
It is a well built town.
Lougnon, x. France, which runs into foe
Saone, near Pontarlier.
Louhans, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Saflne-and-Loire, at the conflux of
the Seille and Solnan ; 15 SE. Chalons sur
Saone, 24 NNE. Macon. Lon 5. 18. E. Lat.
46. 38. N. Pop. 2,849. It is a place of re
sort for foe merchants of France and Switzer
land, who meet here for the purpose of com
merce. Loughor, X. Wales, in Glamorganshire, on the
Loughor; 8 NW. Swansea. Pop. 291.
Lovignano, X. Naples, in Otranto ; 12 SSW.
Brindisi. Louin, X. France, in Two Sevres ; 22 NW.
Poictiers. Pop. 1,500.
Lovington, p-t. fa cap. Nelson co. Va.; W. 171.
Louisa, oo. central part of Va., bounded N. by
Orange and Spotsylvania cos., E. by Hanover
co., S. by Goochland and Fluvanna cos., and
W. by Albemarle co.; W. 116. Pop. in 1810,
11,900; slaves, 6,430. Pop. in IS20, 13,746.
Louisa, formerly Degerby, s-p. Finland, in
Nyland, on N. coast of the gulf of Finland ; 26
W. Fredericshamn, 120 E. Abo. Lon. 26. 26. E.
Lat. 60. 27. N. Fop. 2,709.
Louisa, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlan
tic, Lat. 5. 10. S.
Louisdde, an archipelago in foe Eastern seas,
SE. of New Guinea ; extending about 400 miles
in length, and 160, where widest, in breadth.
It consists of a number of islands of different
sizes, though formerly esteemed a single island.

Some of the islands are fertile and populous;
and the inhabitants warlike and barbarous. Lon
of the centre 152. 26. E. Lat. 10. S.
Louisburg, p-t. fa cap. Franklin co. N. C, on
Tar river; 23 NE. Raleigh, 55 WNW. Tarbor
ough, W. 256. It contains 2 academies, one for
males, and the other for females.
Louisburg, X. fa cap. of Cape Breton, situated
on a point of land on SE. side of the isl. Lon 59
56. W. Lat. 45. 54. N. Its streets are regular
and broad, consisting for the most part of stone
houses, with a large parade at a little distance
from foe citadel ; the inside of which is a fine
square, near 200 feet every way. The town is
half an English mile in length, and 2 in circuit.
The harbour is excellent, and is more than half
an English mile in breadth, in the narrowest
part, and six miles in length from NE. to SW.
The principal trade of Louisburg, is the cod
fishery. — It was taken from the French by the
English fleet, under sir Peter Warren, and the
American forces, commanded by sir William
Pepperel, in the year 1745; but afterwards re
stored to Franceby the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,
in 1748. It was again taken by the English,
under the command of Admiral Boscawen and
Lieutenant-General Amherst, on the 27th of
July 1758, and its fortifications since demol
ished. Louisburg, see Harrisburgh.
Louisiana, .countiy, ceded to the United States
by France, in 1803, for 15 millions of dollars.
It is bounded north by unsettled country, the
limit not adjusted, east by the Mississippi, south
by the gulf of Mexico, west by the Sabine Xo
the parallel of 32° north lat ; thence by a line
due north to Red river ; thence up Red river to.
the meridian of 100° west lon. ; thence along
that meridian to the river Arkansas ; thence up
the Arkansas to its source and to the parallel of
42° north lat. ; thence bounded south by foe
parallel of 42° to the Pacific ocean ; west by the
Pacific ocean. A tract of countiy in the south
east, lying east of the Mississippi, and regarded
as a part of the Louisiana purchase, is now di
vided between the states of Louisiana, Missis
sippi, and Alabama. The region included be
tween the Missisisippi and the Rocky mountains,
comprises foe states of Louisiana and Missouri,
and the territories of Arkansas and Missouri.
The country west of the Rocky mountains is
watered by the Columbia and its branches. But
a very small part of this immense territory is
yet purchased of the natives. It embraces a
great variety of climate, soil, and productions.
The face of the country is very various ; towards
the south it is level, and in many parts over
flown; towards the north, elevated and hilly;
and towards the west, abounding in lofty moun
tains. The principal are the Rocky mountains.
LOUISIANA, one of foe U. States, formed
in 1812. It is bounded north by Arkansas terri
tory, east by the state of Mississippi & the gulf of
Mexico. The eastern boundary line is formed by
the river Mississippi from lat. 33. to 31. north,
thence by the parallel of 31° to Pearl river,
thence by that stream to its mouth. The gulf
of Mexico forms the southern boundary, and
Sabine river the western, from its mouth to
lat. 32 north ; thence the boundary line pro-

LOU

958

LOU

-ceeds due north to lat. 33., thence due east to
the Mississippi. Lon. 89. to 94. 5. W. Lat. 29.
to 33 N. ; 240 miles long, from north to south,
and 210 broad. Pop. in 1820, 153,407. Slaves,
69,064. Persons employed in agriculture, 53,941 ;
in commerce, 6,251 ; in manufactures, 6,041.
Militia, 10,257. TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE.
Parishes. Sq. m. Pop.
in 1810. in 1820.
Ascension .... 350 2,219 3,725
Assumption . 500 2,472 3,576
Avoyelles .... 700 1,109 2,245
Baton Rouge (West,) 850 1,463 2,335
Concordia . . . 2,100 2,875 2,626
Iberville .... 350 2,679 4,414
Interior of La Fourche 2,500 1,995 3,755
Natchitoches, co. 10,600 2,870 7;486
Ouachitta . . . 4,000 1,077 2,896
Ocatahoola . . . 2,000 1,164 2,287
feloTnl ^S ^ 24>552 V4,\ll
Plaquemines . . . 1,500 1,549 2,354
Point Coupee, co. 600 4,539 4,912
Rapides  2,300 2,300 6,065
St. Bernard ... 400 1,020 2,635
St. Charles . . . .300 3,291 3,862
St. James  170 3,955 5,660
St. John Baptiste . . 150 2,990 3,854
Opelousas, co. . . 7,600 5,048 10,085
Attakapas, co. . . 6,100 7,369 12,063
Baton Rouge, (East,) 500 "1 5,220
New Feliciana . .1,050^ ,ftnnfl 12,730

St. Helena
St. Tammany

1,300 f 1UjUUU
2,000 J

3,626 1,723

Total 48,220 86,556 153,407
Towns. New Orleans is foe capital, and the
only large town. Other towns east of foe Mis
sissippi, are Baton Rouge, St. Francisville, and
Madisonville. The most considerable towns
west of the Mississippi, are Natchitoches, St.
Martinsville, and Alexandria.
Government, fyc. The legislature is composed
of a senate of 17 members, and a house of rep
resentatives of 34 members. In 1818, 8 of the
senators, and 21 of the representatives were
French ; and the others Americans. A large
proportion of the inhabitants are French and
Spanish, but the proportion of Anglo-Americans
is fast increasing.
/Miters fa Lakes. The principal rivers are the
Mississippi, Red, Ouachitta, Black, Tensaw, Sa
bine, Calcasiu, Mermentau, Vermillion, Atchafa-
laya, Teche, Pearl, Amite, and Iberville. The
largest lakes are Pontchartrain, Maurepas,
Borgne, Chetimaches, Mermentau, Calcasiu,
Sabine, Bistineau, Bodcau, and Ocatahoola.
Face of the country, soil, fyc. All the southern
part of this state is a vast alluvial tract of low
champaign countiy, extending from lake Borgne
to Sabine river, and from the gulf of Mexico to
Baton Rouge and Red river, about 250 miles
long, and from 70 to 140 wide. This extensive
tract is intersected by numerous rivers, bays,
creeks, and lakes, dividing the country into a
great number of islands. The country about
the Balize is one continued swamp, destitute of
trees, and covered with a species of coarse
reeds, from 4 to 5 feet high. Nothing can be

more dreary than a prospect from a ship's mast
while passing this immense waste. AJarge ex
tent of country in this state is annually over
flowed by foe Mississippi. According to Mr.
Darby, the average width of overflown lands
above Red river, from' Lat. 31. to 33. N., may
be assumed at 20 miles; equal' to 2,770 square
miles. Below Lat. 31. to foe efflux of the La
fourche, about 80 miles in extent, the inunda
tion is about 40 miles in width ; equal to 3,200
square miles. All the country below the efflux
ofthe La-fourche is liable to be inundated, equal
to 2,370 square miles. From this calculation it
appears that 8,340 square miles are liable to be
inundated by the overflowing of the Mississippi ;
and if to this be added 2,550 square miles for
the inundated lands on Red river, the whole
surface of the state, liable to inundation, will
amount to 10,S90 square miles. Of this extent,
not one half Is actually covered annually with
water. The immediate banks of all the streams
are seldom, and many of them never inundated;
and they afford strips of rich tillable land, from
a mile to a mile and a half wide.
The country between the Mississippi, Iber
ville, and Pearl rivers, is an important part of
the state. The southern half is a level country,
yet highly productive in cotton, sugar, rice,
corn, and indigo. The northern part presents
an undulating surface, covered with a heavy
growth of timber, consisting of white, red, and
yellow oak, hickoiy, black walnut, sassafras,
magnolia, and poplar. The district of New
Feliciana has been considered, by some, as the
garden of Louisiana. The southwestern part of
the state, comprising foe districts of Opelousas
and Attakapas, consists mostly of extensive prai
ries. Some of these prairies are detached, but
the lines of woods between them, are generally
very narrow; and they maybe considered as
forming one immense meadow. A large por
tion of these tracts are barren, but some parts,
particularly that bordering on the Teche, are
very fertile, and contain flourishing settlements.
It has been estimated, that the prairie lands in
the state, including the swamps along the gulf
of Mexico, constitute one fifth of its whole
surface. The countiy on both sides of Red
river from its mouth to the limits of the state, is
intersected with lakes, which are more than 40
in number, and all communicate with the river.
The bottoms on the river are from one to ten
miles wide, and of avery fertile soil. The tim
ber on the bottoms, is willow, cotton wood,
honey locust, pawpaw, and buckeye ; on the
rich uplands, elm, cucumber, ash, hickoiy, mul
berry, black walnut, with abundance of grape
vines; upon the second rate, or sandy uplands,
white, pitch, and yellow pines, and various kinds
of oak.
Productions. The staple productions of this
state are cotton, sugar, and rice. Cotton is
much more extensively cultivated than sugar;
the former is universal, while the latter is con
fined to a very limited extent Very little sugar
is raised above Lat. 30. 12. N. It has been cal
culated that in the state the quantity of larid
adapted to the cultivation of sugar, rice, and
cotton, is as follows; sugar, 250,000 acres ; rice,
250,000 acres ; cotton, 2,400,000. The annual

LOU

959

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profits resulting from the labour of 50 haVids
employed ih cultivating these three articles in
Louisiana, has been calculated as follows ; in
cultivating sugar, 12,000 dollars; rice, 4,200;
cotton, 9,000. — The exports of this state, in 1816,
amounted to #5,602,948.
Climate. In the southern, part of the state,
the climate in summer is hot, sultry, and un
healthy ; in the northern part it is more tempe
rate and healthy. About Lat. 30. is a region of
snow. Few if any instances occur of its falling
below that parallel ; but it has been known to
fall a foot deep at Opelousas, in Lat. 30. 32. N.
Louisiana, p-t. fa cap. Pike co. Missouri ; 96
St. Louis, W. S87.
Louisville, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the
St. Lawrence; 25 E. Ogdensburgh, W. 546.
Pop. 831.
Louisville, p-t., port of entry, fa cap. Jefferson
co. Ken., on the Ohio, at the head of foe rapids,
122 miles below Cincinnati, 52 W. Frankfort,
137 S. of E. Vincennes, W. 617. Lon. 85. 30.
W. Lat. 38. 3. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,357 ; in 1820,
4,012. It is a flourishing town, next to Lexing
ton, the most considerable in the state. It is
pleasantly situated, being built on an eminence
which is 70 feet high, gently descending to a
narrow plain along the bank of the river. It
contains 2 banks, one of which is a branch of
the U. S. bank, 2 printing offices, an academy,
various other public buildings, and several rope
walks, and manufactories.
The three principal streets run parallel with
the river. ' From the front street, there is a fine
prospect of the rapids and of the shore, and
hills on the opposite side of the river. A com
pany has been incorporated by the legislature
of Kentucky, for the purpose of opening a canal
on the Kentucky side of the rapids. An exten
sive commerce is now carried on from this
town, with Natchez, New Orleans, and St.
Louis. Louisville, p-t. fa cap. Jefferson co. Georgia,
on the Ogeechee, 70 miles from its mouth ; 50
E. Milledgeville, 1 10 NW. Savannah, W. 644.
Pop. in 1810, 524. It contains a court house, a
jail, and a meeting house. This town was for
merly foe seat of the state government.
Lou-ki, X. China, of the third rank, in Kiang-
si ; 20 E. Kien-tchang,
Lou-ki, t China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang; 17 SW. Tching-tcheou.
Lou-kiang,X. China, of the third rank,in Kiang-
nan ; 40 S. Lin-tcheou.
Lou-kiang, x. which rises in SW. part of
China, and runs into the sea, at Mastaban. In
the Birmah dominions it is called Thalwayn, ox
Thanluayn. Lou-kien, x. China, which runs into, the Ho
ang, about 2 West Ho-kiu.
Loulay, X. France, in Lower-Charente ; 6 N.
9t. Jean d'Angely, 17 S. Niort.
Louli, t. Portugal, in Algarva, on a river of
the same name, near the sea ; surrounded with
antique walls, and containing a castle, hospi
tal, and 3 convents ; .9 north Faro, 15 west Ta-
vira. Lon. 7. 54. W. Lat. 37. 8. N. Pop. 5,132.
H. 1,283.
Lou-leang, city, China, of the second rank, in
Yun-nan ; 1,145 SSW. Peking. Lon. 103. 21. E.
Lat. 25. 6. N.

Loung,X. Hind., Sehaurunpour; 28 S. MeSBt.
Lou-ngan, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chen-si ; 267 SSW. Peking. Lat. 36. 42. N.
Lou-ngan, city, China, of the second rank, in
Kiang-nan ; 500 S. Peking. Lat. 31. 48. N. .
Loup, x. France, which runs into foe Mediter
ranean, Lon. 7. 12. E. Lat. 43. 38. N.
Loup, x. Canada, which runs into Lake St.
Pierre, Lon. 72. 47. E. Lat. 46. 13. N.
Lou-pan, city, China, of the second. rank, in
Yun-nan; 1,147 SSW. Peking. Lat. 24. 50. N.
Louppe, (La J X. France, in Eure-and-Loir;
12 SW. Chateauneuf en Thimerais, 18 W. Char
tres. Pop. 1,050.
Lourana, see Laurana.
Lourde, X. France, seat of a tribunal, in High
er-Pyrenees; 6 N. Argellez, US. Tarbe. Lon.
O. 1. E. Lat. 43. 6. N. Pop. 2,741.
Loureza, X. Spain, in Galicia; 8 W. Tuy.
Lourigal, X. Portugal, in Estramadura; 6 N.
Leyria, 12 S. Montemor o Velho. Pop. 2,880.
Lourinha,X. Portugal, Entre-Duejo-e-Minho ;
8 SSE. Peniche. H. 200.
Louristan, district, Persia, forming north part
of the province of Chusistan.
Louro, or Luro, (an. ElalheraJ X. Eu. Turkey,
in Albania, near a river of the same name ; 12
W. by S. Arte.
Laurondsong, X. Thibet ; 300 ENE. Lassa,
Lon. 96. 10. E. Lat 30. 20. N. ,
Lourosa, X. Portugal, in Beira; 21 S. Viseu.
Louroux, (LeJ X. France, in Indre-and-Loire ;.
9 WNW. Loches, 15 S. Tours.
Loury, X. France, in Loiret ; 9 NE. Orleans.
Lovsia, X. Bulgaria; 35 S. Nicopolis. Pop.
3,000. Loulchin, X. China, in Chan-si; 15 NE. Lou-
ngan. Louvres, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise; 12 N.
Paris. Lon. 2. 35. E. Lat. 49. 3. N.
Lou-y, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan ;
35 SSW. Koue-te.
Lou-y, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-tong; 1,225 SSW. Peking. Lon. 109. 22.
E. Lat. 20. 51. N.
Louzac, (LeJ X. France, in Correze ; 8 NE.
Uzerches, 12 N. Tulle.
Lou-tchou, x. Thibet, which runs into the San-
poo, 22 SW. Tankia.
Loutelsina, t. Croatia ; 12 S. Creutz.
Louth, (an. LudaJ t. Eng., in Lincolnshire ;
28 NE. Lincoln, 56 N. London. Lon. 1. 2..W.
Lat. 53. 20. N. Pop. 4,761. It has two markets
weekly, on Wednesday and Saturday.
Louth, co. Ireland, in Leinster, bounded north
by Armagh, E. by the Irish sea, S. by Meath,
and W. by Meath and Monaghan. It is foe
smallest county of Ireland, being only 22 miles
in length from N. to S., and from 9 to 14 in
breadth from E. to W. Sq. m. 278. Pop. about
5S,000; 15 Catholics to 1 Protestant.. Except
on the side of Carlingford Bay, which is moun
tainous, the soil is in general rich and fertile.
The principal towns are Drogheda, Carlingford,
Dundalk, Ardee, and Dunleer.
Loutra,. (Great fa Little,) two small Greek
islands, in the gulf of Engia ; 7 NW. Engia.
Lovtzova, X. Russia, Irkutskoi ; 10 NE. Vercb-
nei Udinsk.
Louvain, ox..Loeven, or Lpwen, t. Neth., in S.

LOU

960

LOX

Brabant, on the Dyle and the canal of Louvain ;
13 NE. Brussels, 21 SW. Antwerp. Lon. 4. 42.
E. Lat. 50. 53. N. Pop. 25,400. H. 4,000. The
city was first surrounded with wallsin 1165, and
afterwards very much enlarged in foe 14th cen
tury, and is 9 miles in circuit, but the greater
part of the space inclosed, is occupied by gar
dens, vineyards, and cornfields. The streets are
tolerably regular, but the houses are ill built. It
contains 1 collegiate and 5 parish churches, a
number of convents, and 8 hospitals. The town
hall and collegiate church are magnificent, and
the great hospital is capable of containing 2,500
persons ; the other public buildings, except those
of the university, are of little note. Its princi
pal manufacture is beer ; and it still has some
manufactures of woollens and lace, and trades
also in corn and hops. Vessels of 150 tons
come up to the town. It was formely larger
and much more flourishing than at present, and
had very extensive manufactures of linen and
woollens. In the beginning of the 14th century,
it had 4,000 houses inhabited by clothiers, who
employed 150,000 workmen.
John IV. duke of Brabant, in 1426, founded a
university here, which has since been the chief
ornament and glory of the place, and is said to
resemble those in England more than any other
abroad. There are 48 colleges in this univer
sity, which, though they are much admired for
their situation and building, are not, however,
so sumptuous as those of Oxford and Cambridge.
This university was suppressed in 1797, by the
French, but has again been revived. The Dutch
have a college for Roman Catholics, the English
one of Dominican friajs, the Irish one of secular
priests, another of Dominican friars, and another
of Franciscans.
Louvain, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire ; 20
N. by W. Angers. Pop. 1,500.
Louve, x. France, which runs into the Adour,
near Castelnau.
Louven, x. Norway, which runs into foe sea,
at Laurvig, in Aggerhuus.
Louviers, X. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Eure ; 12 N. Evreux, 15 S. Rouen. Lon.
2, 55. E. Lat. 49. 3. N. Pop. 6,819.
Louvigne, X. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine ; 8
NNE. Fougeres, 24 E. Dol. Pop. 3,060.
Louvigne en Bain, X. France, in Ille-and-Vi
laine ; 7 SW. Vitre. Pop. 1,200.
Louvo, X. Siam, on a river which runs into
the Mecon'; 40 S. Siam. Lon. 100. 30. E. Lat.
14. 55. N. The ancient kings had here a
pleasure house or palace, which, in 1687,' was
rebuilt. The situation is charming, and the air
so good, that the king resides here the greatest
part of the year.
Louvois, X. France, Marne ; 9 NE. Epernay.
Louvres, X. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 12 N.
Paris. Lon. 2. 35. E. Lat. 49. 3. N. Pop. 1,050.
Lou-y, X. China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan ;
36 SSW. Kou-te.
Lou-y, city, China, of the second rank, in
Quang-tong; 1,225 SSW.Peking. Lon. 109.22.
E. Lat. 20. 51. N.
Lbuza, t. Portugal, in Beira ; 17 E. by S. Co
imbra. Pop. 2,600.
Louzac, (LeJ X. France, in Correze ; 7 NE.
Uzerches, 12 N. Tulle,

Low Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea,
near south coast of Cumbava. Lon. 117. 34. E.
Lat. 9. 1. S.
Low Green Point, cape on E. coast of Suma
tra. Lon. 106. E. Lat. 3. 12. S. ,
Lowcooty, X. Hind., in Bahar; 8 VV. Mongir.
Lowdeha, X. Allahabad ; 24 SSW. Allahabad.
Lowdonvilk, p-t. Richland co. Ohio ; W. 394.
Lowen, X, Pru. Silesia, in Glatz, in a valley ;
13 W. Glatz. Lon. 16. 3. E. Lat. 50. 13. N.
Lowen, or Loben, ox Lewin, t. Pru. Silesia, in
Brieg, on the Neisse ; 9 SE. Brieg, 10 ENE.
Grotkau. Lat. 50. 40. N. Pop. 1,112.
Lowenberg, or Lemberg, X. Pru. Silesia, Jauer,
near the Bober ; 25 W. Jauer, 34 S. Sagan.
Lon. 15. 42. E. Lat. 51. 5. N. Pop. 3,366.
Lowenstein, X. Wurt, cap. of a county ; 9
ESE. Heilbron, 20 NE. Stuttgart. Lon. 9. 28.E
Lat. 49. 6. N. Pop. 917.
Lowenstein, see Lauenstein.
Lowerz, v. Switz., in Schweitz, on a lake of
the same name ; 4 W. by N. Schweitz.
Lowes Water,lake, Eng., in Cumberland, about
6 m. in circ. ; 10 S. Cockermouth.
Lowestoff, or Lestqff, X. Eng., on the coast of
Suffolk, and most easterly part of the kingdom ;
12 E. Norwich, 117 NNE. London. Lon. I. 44.
E. Lat. 52. 28. N. Pop. 3,189. The principal
trade is catching and curing herrings, in which
business upwards of 30 boats are employed, and
70,000 barrels have been sold in a year.
Lowhill, X. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 703.
Lowicz, X. Poland, Masovia, on the Bsura, in
which stands a palace belonging to the arch
bishop of Gnesna ; 28 N. Rawa, 50 SW. War
saw. Lon. 20. E. Lat 51. 56. N. Pop. 2,408.
This town lies in, a morass ; and besides-a cathe
dral has 5 other churches, and some convents.
Lowin, see Lowen.
Low-ha-reah, (an. AquilariaJ X. Africa, hi
Tunis, situated at the point of foe peninsula of
Dackhul, near Cape Bon ; 15 N. Clybea, 45
ENE. Tunis.
Lowland Bay, bay on NE. coast of New Zea
land, W. of Highland point.
Lowlands, term applied to the south parts of
Scotland, in contradistinction to the Highlands,
which comprise the northern and western parts.
See Highlands, and Scotland.
Lowkow, X. Rus. Volhynia; 10 E. Zytomiers.
Lowositz, X. Bohemia, in Leitmeritz ; 4 WSW.
Leitmeritz. Lon. 14. 9. E. Lat. 50. 30. N. On
the first of October, 1756, a battle was fought
near this place, between the Prussians and the
Saxons, under the king of Poland, in which the
latter were defeated.
Lowowech, or Neustat, X. Pru. Posen ; 32 W.
Posen. Lowrey,X. Hind., in Gohud ; 36 ESE. Raat
Lowtaiah, X. Algiers ; 27 S. Tubnah.
Lowtoh,X. Eng., in Lancashire ; 7 N. Warring
ton. Pop. 1,400.
Lowville, p-t. Lewis co. N.Y., on Blackriver;
40 miles from its mouth, 57 N. Utica, W. 444.
Pop. 1,943. It is a valuable and flourishing
agricultural town, and contains a handsome
village, with valuable mills and an academy.
Lowya, X. Hind., in Bahar; 15 SSE. Bettiah.
Lon. 84. 43. E. Lon. 26. 35. N.
Loxa, or Loja, X. Spain, in Grenada, on the

LU

961

LUB

Xenil ; 16 SSE. Cordova, 27 W. Grenada. Lon.
4. 18. W. Lat. 37. 18. N. . Pop. 9,000. It
contains 3 parishes, 4 convents, a royal salt-
work, and a copper forge ; the environs produce
abundance of fruit, legumes, saffron, and olives.
Loxa, or Loja, X. New Grenada, capital of a
jurisdiction ; 230 S. Quito. Lon. 79. 14. W. Lat.
4. S. Pop. about 10,000. It contains 2 churches,
a convent, a college, and a hospital. In the,
territory of this jurisdiction is produced that
famous specific for intermitting fevers, known
by the name of Cascarilla de Loja, or Quinqui
na. The tree which produces the quinquina
is not of large size, its usual height being
about two toises and a half, and the body and
branches of aproportionate thickness.
Loxa, t. Finland ; 108 N. Nyslot.
Loxa, rock, near N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 83.
57. W. Lat. 23. 13. N.
Loxan, t. China, of the third rank, in Ho-nan ;
30 WNW. Kou-ang.
Loy, x. Prussia, which runs into the Curisch
Haff, 9 S. Russ.
Loyal Lock Gap, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa.;
W. 190.
Loyalhannon, r. Westmoreland co. Pa., which
runs NW. into the Kishkemanetas.
Loyalsock, p-t. Lycoming co. Pa. ; W. 131.
Pop. 1,425.
Loyalsock, r.. Lycoming co. Pa., which runs
SSW., and joins the Susquehanna, 4 E. Wil-
liamsport. Lo-yang, X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
si ; 25 S. Tou-yang.
Loyal, or Loiat, X. France, in Morbihan ; 4
N. Ploermel, 7 E. Josselin.
Loyders, t. Prussia ; 8 S. Liebstatt
Loyes, X. France, in Ain ; 2 NE.Meximeux, 6
SW. Amberieu. Pop. 961.
Loyha, small isl. on east side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 25. E. Lat. 65. 6. N,
Loyola, v. Spain, in Guipuscoa, which once
belonged to the family of Ignatius, founder of
the order of Jesuits, near Aspeytia.
Loyola, X. S. A., in Quito ; 50 S. Loxa.
Lo-yung, X. China, of the third rank, Quang-
si; 17 NE. Lieou-tcheou.
Lozay, X. France, in Lower-Charente ; 6 N.
St. Jean d'Angely, 18 ENE. Rochefort.
Loze, x. Luneburg, which runs into the Elbe,
at Harburg.
Loze, x. Congo, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lat. 7. 55. S. It is navigable for boats, but there
is no harbour at its mouth.
Lozere, dep. France, bounded N. by Cantal
and Upper-Loire, E. by the Ardeche, S. by
Gard, and W. bythe Aveiron and Cantal ; about
65 miles long, and 33 wide. It derives its name
from a ridge of mountains, about 12 miles SE.
from Mende. It is divided into 3 arrondisse
ments, Mende, the capital, Florae, faMarjevols.
Pop. 143,247. Sq. m. 2,056.
Lozolo, X. Piedmont. Pop. 6,190.
Lozsnilz, see Lossnilz.
Lozzi, X. Corsica ; 11 NW. Corte.
Lozzo, X. Italy, in Padua ; 8 SSW. Padua.
Lit, t. Piedmont, in Montferrat ; 8 S. Casale,
8 W. Alexandria. Pop. 2,772.
Lu, city, China, ofthe second rank,in Chan-
tong; 300 SSE.Peki.ng. Lon.ll9..E. Lat35.36.N.
Vol. I. 121

Lua, x. Cuba, which runs into the sea, 25 NE.
Cape Cruz.
Lua, X. Arabia, in Oman, on the coast ; 10 N.
Sohar. Luabo, x. Africa, which branches off from the
Zambeze, and runs into the Atlantic, Lat 19. S.
Luabo, isl. on west coast of Africa, between
the mouths of the rivers Luabo and Zambeze.
Luona Point, cape of Jamaica, on south coastv
Lon. 77. 51. W. Lat. 18. 2. N. *V
Luanco, X. Spain, in Asturia, near west coast ;
20 N. Oviedo. Pop. 1,800.
Luarca, X. Spain, on N. coast, in Asturia ; 30
NW. Oviedo.
Lubad, (an. LopadiumJ t. Natolia, on a lake,
to which it gives name ; 7 S. Bursa.
Lubad, (an. ApolloniatisJ lake, Natolia, 21 m.
long, and 4broad ; S. of Bursa,
Luban, or Lpuban, one ofthe Philippine isl
ands, in foe E. Indian sea, about 12 m. in circ. ;
subject to the Spaniards.
Luban, see Lauban.
Lubar, X. Russia, in Volhynia ; 36 W. BerdiC-
zow. Pop. 3,258.
Lubartow, X. Poland, in Lublin. Pop. 2,000.
Lubaszyn, X. Rus. Minsk ; 52 E. Minsk.
Lubat, t. Natolia ; 28 W. Bursa.
Lubatchow, t. Aust. Galicia ; 16 N. Lemberg.
Lubbecke, or LUihicke, t. Prussian Westphalia,
in Minden ; 14 W. Minden. Pop. 1,615. It is
environed with rampants, ditches, and walls.
Lubben, or Lubio, X. Pru. Lower Lusatia, gov:
of Frankfort, in a circle to which it gives name,
on the Spree; 36 S. Berlin, 54 N. Dresden. Lon.
13. 45. E. Lat. 51. 57. N. Pop. 3,189.
Lubeck, p-t. fa s-p. Washington co. Maine ; 3
S. Eastport, 30 E. Machias, W. 805. Pop. 1,430.
It is finely situated on Passamaquoddy bay, and
has a spacious and excellent harbour, safe from
all winds, and never closed by ice. It was set
off from Eastport, in 1811, and then contained
only about 380 inhabitants. The principal vil
lage, pleasantly situated on Flag's point, was,
commenced in 1815, and contains a Congregar
tional meeting house, a custom house, 30 stores,
and about 50 dwelling houses. The wharfs are
high and well built. The township is remarkf§3,|
bly indented by bays and inlets, and includes'
several islands, among which are Frederick and
Dudley islands. The soil is productive, and foe
shores abound in marine manure. On Quoddy
Head, the eastern point ofthe township,and on
the western entrance of the bay, is a lighthouse.
A little to the east, lies the English island of
Campo Bello.
Lubeck, free city, Ger., adjacent to Holsteiti,
on the Trave, 8 miles above its, entrance into
the Baltic; 33 N. Lauenburg, 38 NE. Hamburg,
148 S. Copenhagen. Lon. 10. 50. E. Lat. 53. 51.
N. Pop. 25,526. H. 3,300. It is situated on a
long, elevated site, the west side being contigu
ous to the Trave, and the east side traversed by.
the Wackenitz. It is surrounded by walls, whteh
are planted with rows of trees, and carefully
preserved as walks for the inhabitants. There
are several broad and straight streets, and the
interior is more regular than in most old towns.
The houses are of stone, most of them old-.
fashioned. It was formerly a bishop's see, and still con-

LUB

962

LUC

tains a cathedral ; also 4 parish churches, a Re
formed church, a Catholic church, a poor house,
an almshouse, an orphan house, a council
house, and a gymnasium. The council house,
called Hansesaal, is a Gothic building, contain
ing a hall, which was, in former ages, the place,
of meeting for the deputies from the Hanse
towns, among which Lubeck had the prece
dence. This town is now connected in some
commercial proceedings with Hamburg, Bre
men, and Frankfort. They still retain the name
of Hanse towns, and have a court of appeal at
Lubeck. — Vessels drawing more than 10 feet
discharge their cargoes at Travermunde, at the
mouth of the Trave. The principal export is
corn. But its commerce latterly is not great,
Hamburg possessing superior advantages. — Na
tives, Mosheim and Kneller.
The territory of Lubeck lies along the Trave,
extending to its mouth, containing a population,
including the city, of 45,527, and 116 sq.m.
The prevailing religion is Lutheran.
Lubeck, ox LuAoi^'isl. in the E. Indian ocean,
near Madura. Lon. 112. 44. E. Lat. 5. 45. N.
Luben, X. Pru. Silesia, Liegnitz ; 12 N. Lieg
nitz, 18 W. Wohlau. Lon. 16. 15. E. Lat. 51.
22. N. Pop. 2,351. The town itself is small, but
foe suburbs are large. Here is a Luth. college.
Lubenau, or Lubnow, X. Pru. Lower Lusatia,
Frankfort, on a small river which runs into foe
Spree, the chief place.of a barony, with a cha
teau ; 15 SSE. Lubbeh, 50 N. Dresden. Lon.
13. 52. E. Lat. 51. 54. N. Pop. 2,677.
Lubenau, see Liebenau.
Lwbenthal, see Liebenthal.
Lubersac, X. France, Correze ; 8 W. Uzerche,
21 NW. Tulle. Pop. 3,087.
Lubin, X. Pru. Posen ; 26 SSW. Posen. P. 336.
Lubio, see Lubben.
Lubischmat, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 5 E. Thorn.
Lubischaw, X. Prussia ; 18 S. Dantzic.
Lublenielz, ox Lubenslcy, X. Pru. Silesia, in Op
peln; 29 E. Oppeln, 42 N.Beuthen. Lon. 18.42.
iE. Lat. 50. 39. N.
*-!• Lublin, city, Poland, capital of a palatinate ;
85 SE. Warsaw, 115 ENE. Cracow. Lon. 22.
45. E. Lat. 51. 10. N. Pop. 7,082. It is sur
rounded with a wall and ditch ; and is a place
of good trade, but not very large. It has a cas
tle, built on a high rock, and stands on the
little river Bystricza, in a very pleasant and
fertile country. Here are 18 churches and
convents. Great numbers of Jews live in foe
suburbs of Lublin, and have a spacious syna
gogue here. Three annual fairs are held here,
(and each of them lasts a month,) which are
frequented by great numbers of German, Greek,
Armenian, Arabian, Russian, Turkish, and other
traders and merchants.
Lublinitz, or Lubenski, t. Silesia ; 79 SE.
Breslau. Pop. 1,313.
Lublyo, X. fa citadel, Hungary ; 4 WNW. Pa-
lotza. Lon. 20.44. E. Lat. 49. 13. N. Pop. 2,016.
Lubneki, X. Samogitia ; 10 N. Miedniki.
Lubni, X. Rus. Kiev, on foe Sula ; 80 ESE.
Kiev. Lon. 23. 4. E. Lat. 50. N. Pop. 5,276.
Lubnitz, X. Bavaria ; 2 NNW. Gefrees.
, Lubnow, see Lubenau.
tnlbomla, X. Austrian Galicia ; 32 E. Chelm.
Lubri.n, t. Spain, in Grenada; 5 W. Vera.

Lubrong, or Teshoo-Loomboo, X. Thibet, and
residence of Teshoo Lama. Lon. 89 7. E. Lat.
29. 4. N. Here is a large monastery, consisting
of 3 or 400 houses, besides a palace, temples,
and mausoleums.
Lubungan, X. on north coast of Mindanao.
Lubwach, t. Bavaria; 8 NE. Bamberg.
Lubz, or Lubitz, X. Mecklenberg Schwerin ;
23 SSW. Gustrow. Lon. 12. E. Lat. 53. 30. N.
Pop. 1,178.
Luc, X. Bav., on the Nab ; 12 ENE. Amberg.
Luc, X. France, in Lower Pyrenees ; 6 N.
Oleron, 12 W. Pau. Fop. 2,567.
Luc en Diois, t. France, in Drome, on the
Drome ; 9 S. Die. Pop. 468.
Luc, (LeJ X. France, Var ; 12 E. Brignolle,
15 S. Draguignan. Pop. 2,667.
Luc, X. France, in Lozere ; 5 S. Langogne^
Lucala, x. Angola, which runs into the Co*
anza, at Massangano.
Lucala, X. Angola, on a river of the same
name ; 30 NNE. Massangano.
Lucan, (AIJ X. A. Turkey, in Aladulia ; 15
E. Marasch.
Lucanas, X. S. America, which gives name to
a jurisdiction, in Guamanga; 80 S. Guamanga.
The jurisdiction begins about 75 or 90 miles
SW. of Guamanga. Its temperature is cool and
moderate. It abounds in valuable silver mines,
in which chiefly the riches of Peru consist, and
by that means is made the centre of a very
large commerce.
Lucania, country, Italy, now part of Basili
cata, Principato Citra, and Calabria Citra.
Lucas, p-t. Warren co. Ken. ; W. 708.
Lucau, or Lucca, X. Gotha, in Altenburg; 8
NNW. Altenburg, 13 S. Leipsic.
Lucau, X. Carinthia, near the Geil; 13 W.
Mauten, 32 E. Brixen.
Lucayo, one of the Bahama islands, 20 miles
long, and 5 broad. Lon. 78. W. Lat. 27. 25. N.
Lucayoneque, see Abaco.
Lucaya Islands, see Bahama.
Lucca, duchy, Italy, bounded N. by Modena,
SW- hy the Mediterranean, elsewhere by Tus
cany. Pop. 137,525. Sq. m. 413. It is divided
into 3 districts, Serchio, Littorale, and Appen-
nines. Two thirds of the countiy are supposed
to be covered by mountains and defiles ; the
remainder consists of a delightful plain around
the city, and a number of fertile valleys in
other parts. The principal river is the Serchio.
The climate is mild ; and foe soil consists of
a black alluvial mould, like that of the plains
of Lombardy. By the industry of the inhabi
tants every spot is rendered more or less pro
ductive. The hills are covered with vines, olives,
chesnuts, and mulberry trees, while the coasts
and low grounds are laid out in meadows of
luxuriant pastures. Some corn and great quan
tities of fruit are likewise raised in the elevated
districts; but silk and olive oil form foe most
important products and exports. — Lucca was
a republic from the middle of the 15th century
to 1805. By the congress of Vienna it was given
to be possessed, as an indemnity, by the infanta
of Spain, Maria Louisa.
Lucca, city, Italy, capital of the above duchy;
19 NNE. Leghorn, 30 W. Florence, Lon. 10.
34. E. Lat. 43. 54. N. Pop. 17,610. Abp. see.

LUC

963

i
LUC'

It is situated on the Serchio, in a fertile plain,
surrounded by beautifully cultivated hills. It is
about 3 miles in circuit, and its ramparts, plant
ed with rows of trees, give it from a distance
the appearance of a forest. It contains a pal
ace, a cathedral, 22 churches, 20 convents, a
university, a large school, an academy of arts
and sciences, and a celebrated academy for
the education of young ladies. The streets,
though generally crooked, are for foe most part
tolerably wide, and are well paved with broad
flat stones ; the houses are generally well built.
The palace is more remarkable tor its size than
elegance of architecture. Several of the chh.
are built of Carrara marble. The houses of the
higher ranks in the town are not remarkable,
but in the neighbourhood most of them possess
magnificent residences. The celebrated baths
of Lucca stand in the bottom of the valley, on
the Serchio, a little distance from the town.
The trade is considerable in olive oil and silk ;
the manufactures are cloth and silk. — Native,
Diodati. Lucca, see Luckau.
Lucca, x. Asia, which'rises in Persia, and runs
into the Indus, about 18 miles above the con
flux with foe Chunaub.
Lucci, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 3 S. Bi-
signano. Luccos, x. Morocco, anciently called Lixus,
which'runs into the Atlantic, at Laracha.
Luce Bay, see Glenluce Bay.
Luce, xr Scot., which runs into the sea, in a
large bay, about 2 S. Glenluce.
Lucea, (East, and West,) two rivers of Jamai
ca, whioli empty themselves into Lucea har
bour Lucea Harbour, bay or harbour on N. side
of Jamaica; 14 W. Montego bay. Lon. 78. 9.
W. Lat. 18. 28. N.
Lucelle, ox Lutzel, X. France, in Upper Rhine ;
2 W. Lauffen.
Lucena, X. Spain, in Cordova ; 29 SSE. Cor
dova, 40 NW. Grenada. Lon. 4. 29. W. Lat. 37.
32. N. Pop. 12,000. Here are 10 convents, 11
poor houses, and 3 parish churches.
Lucena, X. Spain, Valencia; 18 NE. Segorbe.
Lucenay, (V EviqueJ X. France, in Saone-
and-Loire; 7 N. Autun, 10 WSW. Arnay le
Due. Lon. 4. 20. E. Lat. 47. 5. N. Pop. 687.
Lucenay-les-Aix, X. France, in Nyevre ; 9 S.
Decize. Lueentum, now Alieant.
Lueera, or Lucera delli Pagani, (an. Luceria,)
city, Naples, in Capitanata; 60 NE. Naples,
130 E. Rome. Lon. 15. 16. E. Lat. 41. 28. N.
Pop. 8,325. Bp. see. It contains 4 churches and
9 monasteries. The jurisdiction of the province
is held here ; it is small, but populous, and has
a manufacture of cloth.
Lucerna, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 7 S.
Cosenza. Lucerna, X. Piedmont, in foe province ot the
Four Valleys, to one of which it gives name ;
5 SW. Pincrolo. Pop. 1,195. ,,„. ,
Lucerne, canton, Switz., bounded N. by Aar-
gau, NE. by Zug, E. by Schweitz, S. by Unter-
walden, and W. by Berne. Sq. m. 663. Pop.
86,700 The religion is Catholic, and this is
foe roost powerful and zealous of foe Catholic

cantons. It is divided into 5 districts, Lucerne,
Entlibuch, Willisau, Sursee, and Hochdorf. It
is one of the least mountainous portions of
Switzerland, the north consisting only of large
plains, intercepted only by small elevations ;
the south more mountainous. The climate and
soil are more favourable than the surrounding
cantons. The productions are cattle, horses,
goats, sheep, and hogs ; corn in abundance,
flax, hemp, and vines.
Lucerne, city, Switz., capital of the canton of
the same name ; 38 E. Berne, 60 SW. Con
stance. Lon. 8. 6. E. Lat. 46. 56. N. Pop. 5,000,
H. 600. Bp. see. It contains 4 churches of Gothic
architecture, 2 convents, 2 hospitals, an acad
emy, and a Catholic college with 12 professors.
It has a picturesque situation on foe lake of
Lucerne, where the Reuss issues from it, which
river divides it into two parts, communicating
with each other by bridges. The streets are
clean, and tolerably well built.
Lucerne, or Waldstatter See, or Lake of the
Four Cantons, lake, Switz., between the can
tons of Unterwalden, Lucerne, Schweitz, and
Uri ; 25 miles long, but of zigzag form, and
very unequal breadth ; but generally 2, 3, and
4 miles; 1,380 feet above the sea; in some
places 600 feet deep. It is the largest and most
romantic lake in the interior of Switzerland,
and the natural scenery is very wild and strik
ing. The Reuss passes through it.
Lucey, X. France, in Meurte ; 3 NW. Toul, 13
SSW. Pont a Mousson.
Lucey, X. Savoy, on the Rhone ; 15 NW.
Chambery. Pop. 418.
Luchawetz, see Luckawetz.
Lucheux, t. France, in Somme ; 4 NE. Dour-
lens, 15 SW. Arras.
Luchnow Hills, range of mountains in Hin
doostan, between the circars of Ruttunpour
and Goondwana ; the passage over which is
called Luchnow Pass ; 8 W. Kiragur.
Lucho,. X. Pru. Pomerania ; 12 SW. Dantzic.
Lucliow,X. Han., in' Luneburg, on foe Jetze ;
being situated on a marshy soil, most of the
houses are built on piles ; 40 ESE. Luneburg,
54 NE. Zell. Lon. 11. 17. E. Lat. 52. 58. N.
Pop. 1,900.
Luchy, t. France, in Oise ; 9 N. Beauvais.
Luciana, X. Spain, in Seville ; 8 WNW. Ecija.
Luciano, X. Spain, in New Castile ; 19 W.
Civdad Real.
Lucianano, X. Tuscany ; 12 W. Cortona.
Luciensteig, see St. Luciensleig.
Lucino, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf of
Tarento, Lon. 16. 50. E. Lat. 39. 40. N.
Ludpara, or Lusipara, small ban en island, in
the E. Indian sea, near S. coast of the island of
Banca. Lon. 106. 20. E. Lat. 3. 14. S.
Lucito, X. Naples, in Molise ; 11 NE. Molise.
Pop. 2,365.
Luckampour, t. Bengal ; 70 NW. Midnapour.
Luckau, or Lucca, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in
Frankfort, on the Preste ; 49 N. Dresden, 50
SE. Frankfort on the Oder. Lon. 13. 40. E. Lat.
51.51. N. Pop 2,558. It contains 4 churches, a
Latin school, and a hospital. It was surround
ed with walls in the 12th century.
Luckens, t. Sweden, in Drontheim.; 25. SSW.
Drontheim,

LUC

964

LUD

Luckenwalde, X. Pru. Brandenburg, in Pols-
dam ; 18 S. Potsdam, 50 E. Magdeburg. Lon.
13. 3. E. Lat. 62. 6. N. Pop. 3,466.
Luckercoot, X. Hind., Guzerat; 30 E. Godra.
Luckia, X. Hind. Oude ; 40 NE. Gooracpour.
Luekia, r. Bengal, which runs into the Meg
na, near Naramgunge.
Luckider, X. Bootan ; 40 N. Beyhar.
Luckigalchy, X. Bengal ; 10 NE. Kishenagur.
Luckinpour, X. Hind., in Cicacole ; 24 N. Ci
cacole. Luckinpour, X. Hind., in Surgooja ; 10 SW.
Surgooja. Luckipour, t. Bengal ; 40 SE. Calcutta.
Luckipour, t. Bootan ; 55 S. Tassasudon.
Luckipour, X. Bengal ; 35 SSW. Comillah.
Luckipour, isl. in the mouth ofthe Ganges ;
about 9 m. in length, and 2 in breadth. Lon. 90.
48. E.'Lat 22. 27. N.
Luckipour, X. Bengal, on an isl. of the same
name ; 50 S. Dacca.
Luckkarso Indians, on W. coast of N. A. No.
1,200. Luckmerser, lake, Hind., in Oude, a little E.
of Buckrah.
Luckmipour,X. Bengal ; 32 SSE. Curruckpour.
Luckmipour, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 30 E. Bahar.
Lucknadang, X. Goondwana ; 88 N. Nagpour.
Lucknore, X. Hind., in Bahar ; 28 S. Patna.
Lon. 85. 16. E. Lat. 25. 8. N.
Lucknow, circar, Hind., in Oude, bounded N.
by Kairabad, E. by Oude circar, S. bv Manick-
pour, and W. by Canoge ; about 75 m. long, and
45 broad. The soil is sandy, though, when well
watered, is very productive, and yields cotton,
grain, and fruits.
Lucknow, city, Bengal, capital of a circar of
the same name, in Oude, situated on the Goom-
ty ; 95 NNW. Allahabad, 215 SE. Delhi. Lon.
80. 55. E. Lat. 26. 24. N. Pop. in 1800, esti
mated at upwards of 300,000; since that time
it is thought to have diminished. It was for
merly estimated as high as 500,000. It is a very
ancient city, and the residence of the governors
or nabobs of Oude. It is by no means a hand
some town, the streets being very irregular and
narrow ; some of the houses of brick, but most
of them mud walls, covered with tiles. The
situation is bad, and the soil is a white sand,
which in hot weather, is driven about by the
wind, and pervades every thing. The gilt domes
of the mosques and the mausoleum of Azoph
ud Dowleh; give it a gay appearance at a dis
tance. In foe vicinity of the city stand the
houses of the British resident and other Euro
pean inhabitants. — The Goomty is navigable for
middling sized vessels at al] seasons.
Lucko, or Luck, or Luzlc, city, Russian Poland,
in Volhynia, capital of a circle, on the Styr ;
,176 SSE. Warsaw, 200 ENE. Cracow. Lon. 25.
19. E. Lat. 50. 40. N. Pop. 2,462. It has a
castle, and is also foe residence of a bishop. In
the year 1429, a remarkable conference was
held here, at which the emperor Sigismund, 2
kings, and several princes were present
Luckour, X. Sohajepour; 20 S. Sohajepour.
Luckton Indians, on W. coast of N. A., south
ofthe Killamucks.
Luckumry, t. Meckley ; 35 W. Munnypour.
Luco, X. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 9 SSW.
Celano.

Lugon, X. France, in Vendee, on a canal about v
6 miles in length, which communicates with
the sea ; 15 W. Fontenay le Comte. Lon. 1.10.
W. Lat. 46. 27. N. Pop. 2,630. The environs
are marshy, and the air is unwholesome.
Lugon, or Lugonia, the principal of the Phi
lippine islands, in the Eastern seas, belonging
to Spain, sometimes called Manilla, from its
capital. Between Lat. 13. fa 19. N. Lon. 120. to
124. E.— About 400 miles from N. to S., and
from 90 to 120 in breadth. Sq.m. about 65;000.
Pop. estimated at 900,000, or 1,000,000.
The country is generally mountainous, an
elevated ridge extending the whole length; and
there are several volcanoes. The climate is
moist, but temperate for the latitude ; and the
soil fertile. Cotton, indigo, sugar, tobacco, cof
fee, and other tropical produce grow in great
abundance, also the richest fruits of the East
and West Indies. There are 40 different sorts
of palm trees, excellent cocoas, and cassia;
wild cinnamon, wild nutmegs, ebony, sandal
wood, and excellent timber for ship-building.
Gold is found upon the mountains, and is wash
ed down by rains. Cattle abound ; wild-cats
are common ; and ambergris is thrown upori
the coasts in great quantities. The natives, who
are of a mild character, are called Tagals, and
appear from their colour, shape, manners, and
language, to be of Malay origin. Tbey are tall,
and well made; their complexion deep tawhy;
their chief food rice and fish ; their clothing a
kind of shirt, with loose drawers ; their houses
made of bamboo, covered with palm leaves. —
The government ofthe Spaniards is an impolitic
and ruinous tyranny.
Lucos, see Luccos.
Lucotta, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
west coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97. 25. E. Lat 1.
43. N.
Lucrino, lake, near Naples, anciently cele
brated for its green oysters and other fish ; it
was separated from the sea only by a bank
thrown up by the labour of man. In the year
1538, an earthquake formed a mountain nearly
2 miles in circ, and 200 feet in height; con
sisting of lava, burned stones, scoria, fac, which
left no appearance of a lake, but a morass, fil
led with grass and rushes.
Lucus Augusti, now Oviedo, and Lugo.
Lucy, see Lucey.
Luczay, X. Rus. Wilna ; 36 S. Braslaw.
Ludaia, X. h district, Java, near south coast.
Ludamar, country, Africa, bounded N. bythe
Desert, E. by Bambarra, S. by Kaarta, fa W. by
Jaffnoo ; it is governed by a Mahometan prince.
The inhabitants are Moors ofthe most bigoted
fa intolerant character. They have no mosques,
but perform their devotions in an open inclo-
sureofmats. They have no agriculture, but
depend for subsistence chiefly on rearing cattle. .
The country is not fertile ; the principal article
of trade is salt, which they exchange for slaves,
to be disposed of to Europeans. Benowm is the
capital. Lon. 5. to 8. W. Lat. 15. to 16. N.
Ludcome Chine, rocks on E. coast of the Isle
of Wight, in the English channel, a little N. of
Dunnose. Lon. 1. 12. W. Lat. 50. 38. N.
Luddinghausen, t. Pru. Munster, on the Ste-
ver; 12 SSW. Munster. Lon. 7. 36. E. Lat 51.
45. N. Pop. 1,004.

LUE

965

LUG

Lude, (LeJ t. France, in Sarte ; 2i posts E
La Flcche, 32 SW. Paris. Pop. 3,018.
LudenscAeid, or Ludeschede, t.Pru. Arensberg;
28 NE. Cologne. Lon. 7. 42. E. Lat. 51. 8. N
Pop. 1,522.
Luder, X. Hesse Cassel ; 6 WNW. Fulda. Pop
1,250. Luderbach, X. Ger. ; 5 N. Smalkalden.
Ludersburg, t. Ger., in Lauenburg, on south
side ofthe Elbe ; 5 E. Lauenburg.
Lvdgershall, see Luggersha.il.
Luderhana, X. Hind., in Sirhind, on the Set
ledge ; 18 NW. Sirhind, 50 SE. Sultanpour.
Lon. 74. 57. E. Lat. 30. 2. N.
Ludhoa, X. Finland, in East Bothnia ; 36 SE.
Brahestad. Ludinworth, t. Han. Bremen ; 5 SW. Otten-
dorf. Pop. 1,960.
Ludiserrad, x. Persia, which runs into the
Magrab, at Maru-errud.
Luditz, X. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 14 SW. Saatz.
Pop. 1,350.
Ludlow, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. ; 20 WNW.
Windsor, W. 459. Pop. 1,144.
. Ludlow, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 12 NE.
Springfield, 90 WSW. Boston, W. 372. P. 1,246.
Ludlow, p-t. Green co. Ohio ; W. 465.
Ludlow, X. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 295.
Ludlow, (an. BraviniumJ X. l£ng., in Salop ;
29 S. Shrewsbury, 142 WNW. London. Lon. 2.
48. W. Lat. 52. 25. N. Pop. 4,150. It is a well
built and pleasantly situated town, and was
called by the Welch Dinan, and Lhyslwasoc,
i. e. the Prince's Palace, probably from the cas
tle. It stands at the conflux of the Tern and
Gorvo,was fortified with walls and towers, and
had 7 gates ; also a handsome church, with cu
rious painted glass. Ludlow is a corporation,
and sends 2 members to parliament. It has a
market on Monday. Its chief note arose from
its being the place where court for the marches
of Wales was kept.
Ludlowvilk, p-v. Tompkins co. N. Y., in Lan
sing, W. 362.
Ludschen, X. Prussia ; 7 ESE. Marienwerder.
Ludwigsburg, X. Wurtemberg, capital of a dis
trict, in the circle ofthe Neckar; 5 SSE. Stutt
gard, 16 S.Heilbron. Lon. 9.18. E. Lat 48.54.N.
Pop. 5,470. H. 1,000. It is pleasantly situated
on the Neckar, is well built, and contains two
Lutheran churches, 1 Calvinist, and 1 Catholic;
a royal castle and palace, and is the second
royal residence ofthe kingdom.
Ludwigsburg, X. Pru. Pomerania, on the coast
of the Baltic ; 5 ENE. Griefswalde.
Ludwigslust, X. Mecklenburg-Schwerin ; 22 S.
Schwerin. Pop. 2,377.
Ludwigslat, t. Bav.; 13 S. Saalfeld, 14 NW.
Lichtenburg. Pop. 660.
•Ludwigstein, X. Hesse Cassel; 14 E. Cassel,
16 S. Gottingen.
Ludwigsthal, X. Wurt., noted for its iron for
ges; about a mile from Duttlingen.
Ludwigwall, X. Prussia ; 4 S. Konigsberg.
Lueg, or Jamma, citadel, Carniola, on the
centre of a high mountain, which rises perpen
dicularly ; 6 NW. Cirknitz. This large building
stands so in a hole in the rock, that no rain
falls on it ; notwithstanding which, it has a roof
for its defence against the water, which trickles
down from the rock.

Lueg, pass, in Salzburg; 2.S. Golling.
Luenz, see Lienz.
Luesia, I. Spain, in Aragon ; 20 SW. Jaca.
Lujvia, X. Finland ; 10 S. Biorneborg.
Lufuna, r. which divides Congo from Angola,
and runs into the Atlantic. Lat. 8. 26. S.
Lug, r. Wales, which rises in Radnorshire,
passes through Shropshire and Monmouthshire,
and runs into the Severn, near Chepstow.
Lvga, i: Russia, which runs into the gulf of
Finland, 16 W. Kopore.
Lvga, X. Russia, in Petersburg, on a river of
the same name ; 80 S. Petersburg. Lon. 29.30
E. Lat. 58. 25. N.
Lugo, mt Italy, in Bormio ; 10 N. Bormio.
Lugan, famous iron works, Russia, at the
confluence of the river Lugan with the Donetz.
Lugano, or Louis, Italian bailiwick, now
forming a part of the Swiss canton of Tesin ;
about 20 miles in length, and 13 in breadth ;
containing 106 towns and villages, and 53,000
inhabitants, who all profess the Catholic reli
gion. The soil is fertile in pasture, corn, fruit,
and silk; olives are produced in great abun
dance. Lugano, or Louis, X. Switz., capital of Tesin ;
16 NW. Como, 16 SSE. Bellinzona. Lon. 8. 58.
E. Lat. 45. 59. N. Pop. 4,351. H. 900. It con
tains 16 churches, and 6 convents. It is situated
on NW. coast of a lake, to which it gives name.
It is a place of some trade, and a kind of em
porium between Italy and the Grisons.
Lugano, (an. Ceresius Lacus J lake, in the
central part ofthe bailiwick of Lyano, east of
Lago Maggiore ; about 25 miles long, and from
3 to 6 broad.
Lvgarben, t. Prussia ; 36 SE. Konigsberg.
Lugar Nuevo, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the
coast ; 8 S. Alieant.
Lugde, or Lude. X. Pru,. in Minden, on the
Emmer ; 2 SW. Pyrmont, 24 NNE. Paderborn.
Lon. 9. 18. E. Lat. 51. 55. N. Pop. 1,635.
Lugdunensis, part of ancient Gaul, extending
from Lyons to the ocean, N. of Aquitaine, and
S. of Belgica.
Lugdunum, now Lyons.
Lugdunum Batavorum, now Leyden.
Luge, x. Bremen, which runs into the Elbe, 6
NE. Stade. Lon. 9. 33. E. Lat. 53. 37. N.
Lugea Palus, now Cirknitz.
Luggershall, v. Eng., Wilts : 12 N. Salisbury,
57 W. London. Lon. 1. 38. W. Lat. 51. 15. N.
Pop. 487. It is an ancient borough by pre
scription, and sends 2 members to parliament.
Lugnaquilla, mts. Ireland, in the county of
Wicklow ; 7 ENE. Baltinglass.
Lugny, t.France, in Sa6ne-and-Loire ; 6NE.
Cluny, 10 N. M&con. Pop. 960.
Lue-o, city, Spain, in Galicia, on the Minho ;
40 N Orense. Lon. 7. 34. W. Lat. 43. 0. N.
Pop. 4,779. Bp. see. It contains 3 parishes, 4
convents, a seminary, and 2 hospitals. It was
called by the Romans Lucus Augusti, and was
once the metropolis of Spain ; the walls are an
cient, and from 12 to 15 feet thick. It is at
present chiefly celebrated for its warm medi
cinal springs.
Lugo, t. Italy, in Verona ; 8 N. Verona.
Lugo, t- Italy, in the Padua; 10 E. Padua.
Lugo, X. Italy, in Ecclesiastical State ; 15 S.
Ferrara, 18 W. Ravenna. Pop. 3,050.

LUM

966

LUN

Lugors, X. Hungary ; 16 ENE. Gros Warden.
Lugos, t. Hungary, capital of Krassova, on
the Temes ; 23 E. Temesvar, 76 SW. Herman
stadt. Pop 4,585.
Luguvallium, and Lugubalum, now Carlisle.
Luke, x. Westphalia, which joins the Ilme
nau, near Winsen, in Luneburg.
Luicheu, city, China, in Quang-tong, in a fer
tile and pleasant countiy, near the sea. Lon.
110. 8. E. Lat. 28. 58. N.
Luigna, X. Spain, Asturia; 20 NNW. Oviedo.
Luines, X. France, in Indre-and-Loire, on the
Loire ; 6 W. Tours, 6 ENE. Longeais.
Luing; or Long Island, one of the smaller
Western islands of Scotland, between Scarba
and Kerrera.
Luisiana, (La,) district, Spain, between Car
mona and Ecija, lately settled by a company
of Germans, who live not far from the high
road. Their houses are built at regular distances
on one simple model, with an allotment of
land to each house.
Luiola, strong town, Angola, on an island
about 100 miles from the mouth of the Coanza,
fortified by the Portuguese.
Luisnarsburg, t. Sweden, in Westmanland ;
48 NW. Stroemsholm.
Luistre, X. France, in Aube ; 6 NE. Arcis sur
Aube, 9 NW. Bar sur Aube.
Luk, X. Bohemia, in Saatz ; 6 E. Carlsbad.
Lukau, X. Moravia, Znavm ; 8 WNW. Znaym.
Pop. 385.
Lukavelzi, x. Walachia, which runs into the
Alaut, 16 N. Brancovani.
Lukawetz, X. Bohemia, in Czaslau ; 28 SW.
Czaslau. Lukawis Indians, on W. coast of N. America.
No. 800.
Luke's Keys, two small islands near the coast
of Honduras. Lon. 86. 35. W. Lat. 15. 50. N.
Luki, city, China, in Hou-quang. Lon. 108.
42. E. Lat 29. 52. N.
Luki, city, China, in Kiang-si. Lon. 116. 18.
E. Lat. 27. 43. N.
Lukin, X. Rus. Volhynia ; 56 N. Zytomiers.
Lukinga, X. Samogitia ; 24 N. Miedniki.
Lukoianav, X. Russia, in Niznei Novgorod ; 80
S. Niznei Novgorod. Lon. 44. 20. E. Lat. 54.
58. N. Pop. 938.
Lukomla, X. Rus., Polotsk ; 60 SSE. Polotsk.
Lukow, t. Poland, in Massovia ; 40 N. Lublin,
56 ESE. Warsaw. It has a gymnasium.
Lulea, ox Lula, s-p. Sweden, in West Both
nia, on N. side of the river Luiea, at NW. ex
tremity ,of the gulf of Bothnia, with a good har
bour ; 68 W. Tornea, 110 NNE. Umea. Lon.
22. 4. E. Lat. 65. 38. N. Pop. 919.
Lulea, (Old,) X. Sweden, in West Bothnia;
5 E. Lulea.
Lulea, x. Sweden, which runs into the gulf of
Bothnia, 6 ESE. Lulea.
Lutes, (Los,) X. S. A. in Tucuman ; 50 N. St.
Miguel de Tucuman.
Lulsloff, X. Berg, on the Rhuie; 6 m. above
Duitz. Lulworth Cove, bay on S. coast of England,
and county of Dorset ; 10 E. Weymouth. Lon.
2.22. W. Lat. 50. 35. N.
Lumampa, X. S. A., in Tucuman ; 90 S. St.
Yago Del Estero.

Lumber, t. Spain, Navarre; 15 N. Sanguesa,
18 E. Pamplona.
Lumberland, X. Sullivan co. N. Y. on E. side
of the Delaware, S. of Bethel. Pop. 569.
Lumberton, r. Burlington co. NJersey ; 4 SW.
Mount Holly.
Lumberton, p-t. & cap. Robeson co. N. C. ; 33
SSW. Fayetteville, W. 381. Lon. 79. 12. W1.
Lat. 34. 36. N. It contains a court-house, and
a few houses.
Lumbier, or Lombier, X. Spain, in Navarre ; 3
N. Sangvesa.
Lumbo, t. Benguela ; 120 ENE. Benguela.
Lat. 11. 45. S.
Lumbreras/X. Spain, in Leon ; 22 NNW. Civ-
did Rodrigo.
Lumello, (an. Lumellum,) X. Piedmont; 26
SW. Milan, 44 ENE. Turin. Lon. 8. 47. E. Lat.
48. 57. N. Pop. 3,500. It gives name to a dis
trict in the duchy of Milan, called the Lumel-
line, on the Gogna ; once the residence of the
kings of Lombardy,andnowreduced to a village.
Lumhagan, isl. in thestraits of Malacca, near
the coast of Salengore, 12 miles long and 5
broad ; separated from the continent by a nar
row channel, called The Straits of Lumhagan.
Lon. 101. 24. E. Lat. 2. 54. N.
Lumijocki, X. Finland, in East Bothnia ; 12
SW. Ulea.
Lumio, X. Corsica ; 5 NE. Calvi.
Lumley, t. Eng., in Durham ; 6 N. Durham.
Lummcn, X. Brabant ; 5 E. Diest.
Lumo, t Cuba ; 45 SSW. Havannah.
Lumparen, isl. Russia, E. of Aland, between
the Baltic and the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 20. 3.
E. Lat. 60. 7. N.
Lumphanan, X. Scot, in Aberdeenshire ; 8 N.
Kincardine. About a mile from the church is a
cairn called Macbeth's.
Lumpokolskoi, (Niznei,) X. Russia, in Tobolsk,
on the Oby ; 112 ESE. Surgut. Lon. 76. 54. E.
Lat. 61. N.
Lumpokolskoi, (VerchneiJ t. Russia, Tobolsk ;
152 ESE. Surgut. Lon. 78. 22. E. Lat. 60.54. N.
Lun, X. China, of the third rank, in Hou-
quang; 25 SSE. Tcha-lin.
Lun, or Lune, r. Gfer., which runs into the
Weser, about 16 mites from its mouth.
Luna, X. Spain, in Aragon, taken and burned
by the Moors, in 985 ; 20 miles from Saragossa.
Luna, decayed t. Genoa ; 2 S. Sarzana.
Luna, X. Spain, in Aragon ; 22 W. Huesca.
Luna, X. Rus. Grodno ; 16 SE. Grodno.
Lunachi, t. Chili ; 42 ENE. Valparaiso.
Lunaholm, small isl. among the Shetlands.
Lon. 1. 16. W. Lat. 60. 44. N.
Lunaguana, X. Peru, Lima; 80 SSE. Lima.
Lunan, fortress, China, in Yunnan. Lon. 102.
39. E. Lat. 24. 31. N.
Lunan Bay, bay on E. coast of Scot, celebrat
ed as a place of safety against all but E. winds;
4 S. Montrose. Lon. 4.27. W. Lat. 56. 37. N.
Lunaness, cape on E. coast of Shetland. Lon.
1. 17. W. Lat. 60. 43. N.
Lunari, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 30. 30. S.
Lunas, X. Sweden, Nericia ; 14 SE. Orebro.
Lunas, X. France, in Herault; 6 W. Lodeve.
Lunawara, X. Guzerat ; 50 E. Amedabad.
Imncarty, or Lpncarty, X. Scot, Perthshire ; 5

LUN

967 LUP

N. Perth. Here is one of the most extensive
bleaching grounds in Scotland. This place is
signalized by the great victory obtained by the
Scots over the Danes, in 970.
Lund, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, on foe
Wenner lake ; 36 NNE. Uddevalla.
Lund, or Lunden, X. Sweden, in Skonen, and
government of Malmohus, 5 miles from the
Baltic; 21 E. Copenhagen ; 38 SW. Christian
stadt. Lon. 13. 0. E. Lat. 65. 44. N. Pop. 3,224.
Bp. see. Here is a university founded in 1666,
by Charles IX. which has 15 professors, a bo
tanic garden, an anatomical theatre, a cabinet
of curiosities, an observatory and a library of
40,000 volumes. The number of students in
1819 was stated at 600.
Lunda, X. Sweden, in Sudermanland ; 10 W.
Nykoping. Lundby, X. Norway, in Aggerhuus, on the
Glomme ; 60 NE. Christiania.
Lunde, X. Norway, near a lake of the same
name; 28 WNW. christiansand.
Lunde, X. Norway ; 17 NW. Skeen.
Lunden, X. Holstein ; 24 W. Rendsborg.
Lundie, X. Scot., in Angus ; 8 NW. Dundee.
Lundo, X. Finland, in-Abo ; 8 NE. Abo.
Lundsey, X. Pegu, on W. side of the river
Ava'; 60 WNW. Pegu. Lat. 18. 30. N.
Lundsje, X. Persia, in Laristan, on the Per
sian gulf; 100WSW. Gombroon. Lon.64.36.E.
Lat. 26. 38. N.
Lundskoron, X. Poland ; 18 S. Cracow.
Lundy Island, isl. in foe Bristol channel, be
tween England and Wales, about 5 miles long
and 2 broad, and surrounded with rocks, so
that it has but one entrance, and there scarcely
two persons can go abreast. Lon. 4. 38. W.
Lat. 51. 16. N.
Lune, X. Han., in Luneburg ; 2 N. Luneburg.
Pop, 119.
Lune, or Loyne, r. Eng., which rises in York
shire, and runs into the Irish sea, a few miles be
low Lancaster, Lon. 2. 49. W. Lat. 53. 57. N.
Lune, r. Eng.,*which rises in Westmoreland,
and runs into the Tees, about 6 mites above
Barnard castle.
Luneburg, city, Han., capital of Luneburg, on
the Ilmenau ; 36 SE. Ffamburg, 45 S. Lubeck.
Lon. 10. 36. E. Lat. 53. 15. N. Pop. 10,039. H.
1,989. Itis surrounded with moats and walls, for
tified with towers, and contains 4 churches, 4
hospitals, a gymnasium, and a military school.
It has a large trade in horses, 70,000 being
brought here annually. It formerly held a
leading rank among the Hanse towns ; and is
still next to Emden the most busy place in the
km. of Hanover. The town is not handsome ;
the streets are dark and narrow, and the houses
old fashioned. It has a salt spring, from which
salt is manufactured and exported in consider
able quantities ; and west of the town is a hill
from which 20,000 tons of lime are procured
annually. Luneburg, pr. Hanover, bounded N. by the
duchy of Lauenburg and the Elbe, E. by the
duchies of Brunswick and Mecklenburg, S. by
Calenberg and Brunswick, and W. by Bremen,
Verden, Hoya, and Calenberg. Pop. 245,976.
H. 31,710. Sq. m. 4,231. The soil here is vari
ous ; along the Elbe, the Alter, the Jetze,jand

| some other small rivers, are fruitful marsh
lands ; but other parts of it, to the amount of
upwards of 3,000 acres, are sandy ; others
again consist of immense heaths, others of
turf moors, and some are swampy. The tract
covered with heaths is called, on account of
its barrenness, the Arabia of Germany.
Lunel la Ville, X. France, in Herault ; 24
posts E. Montpelier, 93 S. Paris. Lon. 4. 13. E.
Lat. 43. 40. N. Pop. 4,200.
Lunen, X. Pru. Arensberg, at the conflux of
the Zesick and Lippe ; 20 SSW. Munster. Lon.
7. 37. E. Lat. 51. 36. N. Pop. 1,235.
Lunen, X. Han., Verden; 3 NNW. Rotenburg.
Lunenburg, p-t. Essex co. Vt., on the Connec
ticut ; 58 ENE. Montpelier, W. 562. Pop. 856.
Lunenburg, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 25 NNE.
Worcester, 45 NW. Boston, W. 452. Pop. 1,209.
Lunenburg, co. S. part of Va., bounded N. by
Prince Edward and Nottoway cos , E. by Bruns
wick co., S. by Mecklenburg co., and W. by
Charlotte and Prince Edward cos. ; W. 226.
Pop. in 1810, 12,265; slaves, 7,155. Pop. in
1S20, 10,662.
Lunenburg, X. Nova Scotia, in a county of the
same name, on the SE. coast ; 27 N. by E. Liv
erpool, 40 SW. Halifax.
Lunestins, X. Shetland ; 12 N, Lerwick.
Luneville, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Meurte ; 13 ESE. Nancy, 24 E. Tout
Lon. 6. 34. E. Lat. 48. 36. N. Pop. 10,436. H.
1,300. Chh. 3. Hospital 1. It is well built, situ
ated between the Vesouze and the Meurte, which
unite a little below, in a marshy country, which
has been drained. In 1801, a peace was signed
here between France and Austria.
Lung, t. China, in Quang-si. Lon. 103. 43. E.
Lat. 23. 12. N.
Lung, fortress, China, in Chen-si. Lon. 106.
43. E. Lat. 36. 25. N.
Lungon, small isl. on west side of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 17. 48. E. Lat. 62. 40. N.
Lungkorcke, X. Prussia ; 10 N. Strasburg.
Lungpour, X. Cachar; 15 E. Cospour.
Lungro, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra, in
habited by Greeks; 10 SSW. Cassano. Pop.
2,700. Lungry, X. Bengal ; 36 S. Calcutta. Lon. 87. 35.
E. Lat. 21. 58. N.
Lungsarp, X. Sweden, in West Gothland; 57
miles from Gottenburg.
Lungsund,X. Sweden, Warmeland; 25. NE.
Carlstadt. Lon. 13. 54. E. Lat. 59. 48. N.
Lunug, small island in E. Indian sea, near the
coast of Queda. Lon. 99. 42. E. Lat. 6. 39. N.
Lunka, X. Samogitia; 40 NE. Miedniki.
Luntenburg, or Brzedslaw,X. Moravia, Brunn ;
36 SE. Brunn. .
Lunz, X. Austria ; 15 SE. Bavarian Waid-
Lunzenau,X. Saxony, in the lordship of Schon-
burg , 2 NE. Penig.
Luopiois, X. Finland ; 23 N. Tavasthus.
Liipanna, isl. in the Adriatic, near the repub
lic of Ragusa, with a good and safe harbour.
The soil is stony, but by the industry of the in
habitants is rendered fertile. The coasts abound
with fish. ,, ,«,.-,- ** ,.
Lupara, X. Naples, in Molise ;, 17 NE. Molise
Lupata, chain of mountains in Africa, and

LUS

96S

LUS

country of Mocaranga, east of lake Maravi,
called by the negroes the Back-bone of the
world. Lat. 13. to 17. S.
Lupia, now Lippe.
Lupiac, X. France, in Gers ; 18 NW. Auch.
Lupia, now Lecce.
Lupo, t. Pru. Pomerania, on a river of the
same name; 15 E. Stolpe.
Lupoglavo, X. Istria ; 12 W. Fiume.
Lupogla, mt. Bosnia ; 12 E. Zwornick.
Lupow, X. Pru. Pomerania, on a river of the
same name ; 16 N. Butow, 28 ENE. Polnowi
Lupperg, t. Bavaria; 16 NW. Ratisbon.
Lupte, Hohen, t. Ger., in Anhalt ; 3 W. Zerbst.
Luque, X. Spain, in Cordova ; 28 SE. Cordova.
Pop. 2,750.
Lura, X S. A., in the province of St. Martha,
on the Madalena ; 8 S. Teneriffe.
Luray, p-t. Shenandoah co. Va. ; W. 131.
Lurbah, X. Bengal ; 20 SSE. Doesa.
Lurcy, X. France, in Allier; 7 ENE. Donjon.
Lurcy Levy, t. France, in Allier ; 9 NNE. Ce-
rilly, 9 NNW. Bourbon 1'Archambault. P. 2,661.
Lure, t. France, and principal place of a dis
trict, in Upper-Safine, near the Ougnon ; 3 posts
NE. Vesoul, 55f SE. Paris. Lon. 6. 34. E. Lat.
47.41. N. Pop. 1,928.
Lure, X. France, in Allier ; 18 NW. Moulins.
Lurgan, X. Ireland, in Armagh, on the borders
of Down ; 14 NE. Armagh. It consists chiefly
of one long, wide, and neat street. Here is a
very large weekly market for cambrics and
Irish cloth, manufactured in tho neighbourhood,
to the amount of about £270,000 a year.
Lurgau, X. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,523.
Lurin, t. Peru, in the jurisdiction of Lima.
Lurkian,X. Persia, in Chusistan ; 50 N. Suster,
155 W. Ispahan.
Lurs, X. France, in Lower Alps ; 4 -NE. For-
calquier, 15 SW. Digne. Pop. 965.
Lury, X. France, in Cher, on foe river Arnon ;
5 S. Vierzon, 13 W. Bourges.
Lury, or Luri, X. Corsic'a ; 13 N. Bastia.
Lus, district, Persia, in E. part of Mecran.
Lus, X. France, in Upper-Pyrenees ; 3 SW.
Barege, 9 S. Argellez. Pop. 2,135.
Lusan, X. Buenos Ayres ; 30 W. Buenos Ayres.
Lusatia, country and marquisate, Ger., be
tween the Elbe and the Oder ; bounded N. by
Brandenburg, E. by Silesia, S. by Bohemia, and
W. by Saxony. It is about 84 miles long, and
45 wide, and is divided into Upper and Lower,
which were formerly distinct states, but became
subject to Saxony, and formed a province of that
kingdom till 1815, when Lower Lusatia and
nearly half of Upper Lusatia were annexed to
Prussia. Lower Lusatia is now included in the
Prussian governments of Frankfort and Lieg
nitz, in the provinces of Brandenburg and Sile
sia.— The Prussian part of Upper Lusatia is also
included in the government of Liegnitz.
Sq. m. Pop.
Upper Lusatia . . . 2,350 321,465
Lower Lusatia . 2,000 143,131

Total .
Belonging to Prussia .
Belonging to Saxony .

4,3503,170 1,180 4,350

464,596294,717 169,879
464,596

Bautzen is the capital of the Saxon province
of Lusatia, or Upper Lusatia. The principal
towns in the Prussian part are Gorlitzand Lau
ban in Upper Lusatia ; Cotbus, Guben, Lubben,
and Luckau in Lower Lusatia. — Upper Lusatia
forms the southern part, and consists, in a great
degree, of a sandy plain ; but a mountain ridge,
called Wohlische Kamm, runs along the south
ern frontier, and is connected with the larger
-ridges of Riesengebirge and Erzgebirg. The
rivers which water the country rise from these
mountains, and flow into the Oder and Elbe ;
the principal ones are the Black Elster, Schwarz-
water, Spree, Neisse, Pulsnitz, and Queis. The
soil is not fertile, supplying hardly half of what
is consumed by the inhabitants. Flax is exten
sively cultivated. Cattle, horses, and sheep are
raised in great numbers. There are considera
ble forests, and some iron mines, but the chief*
wealth of the country arises from its numerous
manufactures, consisting of woollens, linens,
cotton, iron, leather,, stockings, bats, gloves,
wax, and tobacco. — Lower Lusatia, lying on the
north, is less fertile than Upper. A great part
of it is covered wifo.moving sands, and on the
rivers are several marshes. The rivers are the
Oder, Spree, and Neisse. Agriculture is back
ward. The chief manufactures are woollens
and linens.
Lus La Croix haute, X. France, in Drome ; 15
ESE. Die.
Luschelz, X. Bohemia; 8 SW. Prague.
Luseenuh, X. Hind., in Bahar; 10 N. Chittra.
Lusignan, t. France, principal place of a dis
trict, in Vienne ; 3f posts SW. Poitiers, 93* SW.
Paris. Lon. 0. 14. E. Lat. 46. 26. N. "Pop.
2,390. Lusigny, X. France, in Aube ; 9 SE. Troyes.
Pop. 1,200.
Lusipara, see Lucipara.
Lusitania, ancient name of Portugal.
Lusilz, or Munchbach, x. Saxony, which passes
through the town of Freyberg.
Lusk, v. Ireland, in the county of Dublin ; 12
N.Dublin. Here was an abbey.
Luso, r. which rises in the duchy of Urbino,
and runs into the Adriatic a little N. Rimini.
This is supposed to be the ancient Rubicon, fa
mous in the history of Julius Ceesar. See Ru
bicon. Luspa, X. Finland ; 28 E. Christinestadt
Lilss, or Lussi, t Scot., in Dumbarton, on W.
coast of Loch Lomond; 13 NNW. Dumbarton.
Lussac, X. France, in Gironde ; 6 ENE. Li-
bourne. Pop. 2,032.
Lussoc les Chdleaux, X. France, in Vienne ; 6
W. Montmorillon, 18 SE. Poitiers. Pop. 1,339.
Lussac les Eglises, X. France, in Upper- Vienne ;
33 N. Limoges. Pop. 1,298.
Lussan, X. France, in Gard ; 9 N. Uzes.
Lussemen, t. Prussia ; 18 ESE. Heilsberg.
Lussi, see Fittri.
Lussin, (Grande and PicoloJ two isls. in the
Adriatic, in the gulf of Quarnero, SW. of Cher
so, belonging to Austria. Pop. of Grande Lus-
sin, 6,732. Products, olive oil andfruit.
Lussin, see Lossin.
Lussinge, X. Savoy ; 3 WNW. Bonne.
Lustenau, (MerhtJ t,Bavaria;-5 SW. Feuch-
twang. ;

LUT

969

LUX

Lustenau, X. Tyrol, in Bregentz, on the Rhine ;
Pop. 1>800.
Lustenfelden, X. Austria ; 3 E. Lintz.
Lusuc, see Lucko.
Lviange, X. France, in Moselle ; 8 SE. Thion-
ville, 11 NNE. Metz.
Lutanger, small island in the E. Indian sea,
near S. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 123. 15. E.
Lat. 7. 19. 'N.
Lutaya, one of the smaller Philippine islands,
near the island of Panay.
LUtiefgur, or Lutteef-ghwr, X. Hind., in a pass
between the mountains of Benares ; 15 SE.
Chunar. The air is very unwholesome.
Lutene, X. Hind., Lahore ; 33 N. Jummoo.
Luletia, now Pans.
Luteva, now Lodeve.
Lulke, X. Prussia ; 3 E. Johannesburg.
Lutken Dortmund, X. Pru. Arensberg ; 3 S.
Castrop. Lutkenoorg, t- Holstein ; 30 N. Lubeck, 65
NNE.- Hamburg. Fop; 870.
Luton, t. Eng., in Bedfordshire, celebrated for
its manufactures of straw,- with a market on
Monday ; 20 S. Bedford, 34 N. London. Lon.
0. 23. W. Lat. 51.54. N. Pop. 3,716.
Luton, t. Bengal ; 13 NW. Kishenagur.
iMtormirsk, t. Poland, on the Ner; 18 SSE.
Leniuz. Fop. 767.
Lutry, t. Switz., in Vaud, on N. coast of foe
lake of Geneva ; 3 E. Lausanne. Pop. 2,603.
Luttenb'erg, or Lutemberg, X. Stiria, on the river
Stantz ; 12 E. Pettau, 100 S. Vienna. Lon. 16.
8. E. Lat. 46. 35. N. Fop. 544.
Lultenberg, (Ober,) t Stiria; 3 S. Lutten-
berg. Lutter, x. Ger., which runs into foe Bega, 2 S.
Hervorden. Lutler,x. Ger., which runs into the Lachte, 12
NE. Zelle.
Lutter, t. Ger., in Brunswick, near which
Christian IV. king of Denmark, was defeated by
the imperialists under general Tilly, in the year
1626 ; 11 NW. Gosslar. Pop. 966.
Lutlerberg, X. Han., in Gottingen ; 15 S. Goss
lar. Pop. 488.
Lutterberg,see Lauterberg.
Lutterhausen, X. Holstein ; 8 Hamburg.
Lutteringhausen, L Pru. Dusseldorf; 2 NE.
Lennep. Pop. 3,607.
Lutterworth, t. Eng., in Leicestershire, on the
river Swift; 22 N. Northampton, 88 N. London.
Lbn. 1. 12. W. Lat. 52. 28. N. Pop. 1,845. The
market is on Thursday. John Wickliffe, the
famous reformer, was rector of this parish, and
died here Dec. 31, 1387.
Luttick, see Liege.
Lutzelstein, or Petite Pierre, t. France, Lower-
Rhine ; 24 NW. Strasburg. Pop. 1,018. It is
situated on a monntain, and defended by a

Lutzen, X. Pru. Merseburg, containing a cita
del ; 9 ESE. Merseburg, 10 WSW. Leipzig. Lon.
12. 8.E. Lat. 51. 16. N. Pop. 1,016. Near this
town, in 1632, happened foe famous battle be
tween foe Swedes and imperialists, in which the
former got foe better, but at the same time lost
their great king Gustavus Adolphus. In May 1,
1813, a great battle was fought here between
the French and the Allies; the latter were
Vol. I. 122

worsted. The whole number slain iri the battle
was stated at 30,000.
Lutzenreut, t. Bav. ; 3 NNE. Bayreuth.
Luvino, X. Italy, on E. bank of lake Maggiore ;
20 NW. Como, 36 NNW. Milan.
Luvio, X. Finland1; 9 SSW. Biorneborg.
Luxburg, see Lysburg.
Luxemburg, pr. Neth., bounded N. by Liege,
E. by the Prussian province ofthe Lower Rhine,
S. and SW. by France, and NW. by Namur.
Sq. m. 2,291 . Pop. 225,945. It is divided into
three districts.
Districts. Pop. Capitals.
Luxemburg . . , 87,167 . . Luxemburg.
Dietkirch. . . . 47,074 . . Diefkirch.
Neufchateau . . 91,945 . . Neufchateau.
The inhabitants are mostly Catholics ; cohi-
posed of Germans, French, and Walloons. The
rivers are the Moselle, Semoys, Sure, Elese,and
Our. The face of the country is very moun
tainous, being traversed by branches ofthe Ar-
jdennes; foe climate colder than the surrounding:
jcduntries, the soil much less productive ; the
quantity of corn raised not nearly equal to the
consumption ; potatoes in great quantities ; flax
and some wine : the raising of cattle is an im
portant business, but the great supplies for its
traffic are drawn from its forests, which occupy
no less than 466,000 acres. Iron is the only
important mineral. — The manufactures are not
extensive. — Luxemburg was erected, in 1815,
'by the congress of Vienna, into a grand duchy,
and ceded as a compensation for his territory
in Germany, to the king of the Netherlands, who
in addition to his other titles, takes that of the
grand duke of Luxemburg.
Luxemburg, (an. Augusta Romanorum fa Lucis
BurgumJ city, Neth., capital ofthe above prov
ince, on the small river Alsetz ; 16 SW. Treves,
50 SSE. Liege, 130 SE. Brussels. Lon. 6. 9. E.
Lat. 49. 37. N. Pop. 9,432. H. 1,500. From
the natural abruptness of its situation, and the
works by which it is defended, it is one of the
strongest places in Europe; It is one of the
grand fortresses belonging to the Germanic
confederation. It is divided into Upper and
Lower Town . The Upper or Old Town is built
in the form of a heptagon, and stands chiefly on
a steep rock, out of which foe fortifications are
excavated. The Lower Town is situated in a
deep valley. The principal public building is
the governor's castle ; there are 4 churches and
a hospital; and manufactures of cloth, stock
ings, and earthenware ; also iron works. In the
town and environs are many remains of Roman
antiquities. . . , , r ..
Luxeuil, X. France, and principal place of a
district, in Upper Saone ; 14 NE . Vesoul, 37 N.
Besancjm. Lon. 6. 27. E. Lat. 47. 49. N. Pop
3,080. Near it are some chalybeate springs, and
some warm baths. x-™„, „„
Luxorein, or Luxor, or ^sorem, v. Egypt, on
foe right side of the Nile ; 18 S. Kous. It is
situated on a part of the ancient TAe&es where
are the ruins of a large and magnificent temple
supposed to be a part of the sepulchre of Osy-
manduas. The ruVs of Thebes, according to
Mr. Brown, extend for 9 miles along the Nile,
from Luxor'to Carnac,on the east side j. E and
W they reach to the mountains, a breadth ot

LYD

970

LYN

8 miles. The river is here 300 yards broad;
the circumference of the ancient city must
therefore have been above 27 miles. Mr. Brown
supposes that the words Luxor and Aksorein are
a corruption of El Kussur.— 'See Thebes.
Luya, t. Peru, and capital of a jurisdiction,
north of Chachapoyas, bordering on Popayan ;
360 N. Lima. Lon. 77. 45.. W. Lat. 6. S.
Luz, (La J, s-p. isl. of Canary ; 6 N. Civdad
de. los Palmas.
Luza, x. Russia, which runs into foe Dwina,
at Ustiug.
Luzara, X. Italy ; 16 S, Mantua. Pop. 1,500.
In the year 1702, a battle was fought near this
town, between the troops ofthe empire, under
the command of prince Eugene, and the French
and' Spaniards.
LuzarcheS; t. France, in Seine-and-Oise ; 15.
N. Paris. Lon, 2. 30. E. Lat. 49. 7. N. P. 1,696.
Luzeburg, L East Friesland ; 2 NE. Norden.
Luzech, t. France, in Lot ; 7 WNW. Cahors,
15 S. Gourdon. Pop. 2,430.
Luzerne, p-t. Warren co. N. Y., on the Hud
son ; 7 SW. Caldwell, 10 W. Sandy Hill, W.
445. Pop. 1,430.
Luzerne, co. NE. part of Pa,, bounded N. by
Susquehanna co., E. by Wayne co., SE. by
Northampton co., and W. by Northumberlarid,
Lycoming, and Bradford cos. It is watered by
the E. branch of the Susquehanna. Pop. in 1810,
18,109; in 1820, 20,027. Chief town, Wilkes-
barre. Luzerne, X. Fayette co. Pa., on E. side ofthe
Monongahela; 16 WNW. Union. Pop. 1,610.
Luzille, X. France, in Indre ; 9 S. Amboise.
Luzk, see Lucko.
Luzy, X. France, in Nyevre ; 15 SSE. Moulins
en Gilbert, 16 SW. Autun. Pop. 1,607.
Luzzana, X. Italy ; 22 S. Mantua.
Luzzi, X. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; 4 S. Bi-
signano. Lwow, see Lemberg,
Lycaonia, country; in SE. part of Phrygia.
Lychen, t. Pru. Potsdam; 40' N. Berlin. Pop.
1,127. Lycia, country, in SW. part Of Asia Minor.
Lyck, see Lick.
Lycoming, co. central part of Pa., bounded
N. by Potter, Tioga, and Bradford cos, E. by
Luzerne co., S. by Northumberland and Cen^
tre cos., and W. by Clearfield and M'Kean cos.
It is watered bythe west branih of the Susque
hanna. Pop. in 1810, 11,006; in 1820, 13,517.
Chief town, Williamsport.
Lycoming, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,210.
Lycoming Creek, x. Pa., which runs SSW.
into the Susquehanna, W. of Williamsport, and
E. of Newberry.
Lycopdlis, now Siut.
Lyctos, now Lassiti.
Lycus, now Tosanlu, and Nahr el Kelb,
Lyd,Lydford, fyc. see Lid, Lidford, ^c.
Lydd, X. Eng., in Kent, a meiriber of the town
and port of New Romney, and entitled to the
same privileges as one of the Cinque Ports ; 4
S. New Romney, 71 ESE. London. Lon. 0.54.'
E. Lat. 50. 57. N. Pop. 1,303. It is situated
on foe coast, near Dungenesi ; about 3J miles
from the light-house. It has a weekly market
on 'Thursday.

Lyddo, or Lod, (an. Lydda, Lud; and Diaspd-i
polis,) X. Palestine ; a little N. of Rama, 12 E/
Jaffa. It was a considerable place, but now in
ruins. .......
Lyddon, x. Eng., which runs into the Stour,
near Sturminster Newton, in Dorsetshire.
Lydia, or Maonia, country, in W. part of Asia
Minor. -_ .,
Lydowiany, X. Samogitia ; 8 NW. Rosienne.
Lyge, X. Norway, near a Jake of foe same
name ; 16 NW. Christiansand..
Lygum,. t. Denmark, in Sleswick ; 14 W.
Apenrade- Fop. 600.
Lykinsi,X. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 1,188. ,
Lyksborg, or Luxbur.g, t. Denmark, Sleswick,
on a point of land near the Baltic ; 7 NE. Flens-
borg. Lyksele, X. Sweden, Umea ; 80 SSW. Umea.
Lyman, p-t. York co. Maine ; 25 N. York, 88
NNE. Boston, W. 539. Pop. 1,387.
Lyman, p-t. Grafton co. N. H., on the Con
necticut; 22 N. Haverhill, W. 543. Pop. 1,270.
Lyme, p-t. Grafton co. N,H., on the Con
necticut; 11 NNE. Dartmouth college, W. 503.
Pop. 1,824.
Lyme, p-t. New London co. Ct., on east side
of the Connecticut, and at its mouth, opposite
to Saybrook ; 15 W. New London, W. 342.
Pop. 4,069. It is a large township, comprising:
3 parishes, with 6 meeting houses, 3 for Con
gregationalists, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for Sepa
ratists ; also a Methodist society. Here are
several good harbours, and a number of vessels
employed in the coasting trade. The fishing,
business here is important, particularly the shad-
fishery. Lyme, X. Jefferson co. N. Y., on (foe St. Law
rence, at its efflux out of lake Ontario, opposite
to Grand island; 190 NW. Albany. Fop. 1,724*
Lyme, X. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 235.
Lyme, or Lyme Regis, (an. Lemana, and Le-
mavioj s-p. Eng., in Dorsetshire, situated on
the coast bordering on Devonshire ; 30 E. Ex
eter, 143 WSW. London. Lon. 3. 8. W. Lat.
50. 43. N. Fop. 1,925. Lyme sends 2 members
to parliament, and holds a market on Friday.
Lyme, x. Eng., which for some distance di
vides the county of Dorset from Devonshire,
and runs into the sea, near Lyme.
Lymfiord, ox Lymfurt, gulf of Denmark, near
W. coastof North Jutland; which communicates
With the Cattegat, and runs 80 miles inland,
widening gradually, and forming several
branches ; it is separated from the North sea
only by a narrow bank. Lon. of the mouth, 10.
20. E. Lat 56. 59. N.
Lijmington, s-p. Eng., in Hants, With a har
bour for . vessels of considerable burden ; 17
SW. Southampton, 97 SW. London. P. 2,378.
It sends 3 members to parliament.
Lynchburg. P-t- Campbell co. Va., on south
bank of James river; 12 N. Campbell C. H., 12
ENE. New London, 34 SSE. Lexington, 100
W. Richmond, 160 SW. Washington. These
distances are expressed in right lines. The
The distance from Richmond by the road is
120 miles, W. 206. Lon. 79. 22. W. Lat. 37.30.
N- Pop. in 1818, estimated at 5,500. It is situ
ated 20 mites below the great falls, where
James river breaks through the Blue Ridge.. It

LYN

971

LYO

is one of foe most flourishing and commercial
towns in the state, and contains a court house,
a jail, 2 clerks' offices fire proof, a market
house, 2 banks, a masonic hall, a Lancasterian
school, a female academy, several other literary
seminaries, a circulating library, 2 printing offi
ces, which issue, one a weekly, and the other a
semi-weekly newspaper, and 3 houses of public
worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Methodists,
and 1 for Baptists. There is also in the vicinity
a Friends meeting house. A large proportion
of the houses are of brick, of 2, 3, and 4 stories.
Here is a toll bridge across the river, and
also a free bridge. The town contains seven
public ware houses, in which from 10, to 12,000
hhds. of tobacco are annually inspected, 4 to
bacco manufactories, 5 tobacco stemmaries, 32
stores for dry goods, 31 for groceries, 17 taverns,
8 commission houses, and numerous other es
tablishments for trade and manufactures. There
are in the vicinity 3 manufacturing flour mills
on an extensive scale, and not far distant there
are 3 cotton and woollen manufactories. In
the neighbourhood of the town there are four
mineral springs.
Lynchburg was established in 1786, and in
corporated in 1S05. It is built mostly on the
declivity of a hill. The surrounding country is
rugged, broken, and mountainous, but abounds
in fertile valleys, and is populous. This town,
from its situation, commands an extensive
trade, not only with the western part of Vir
ginia, but extending to foe states of North Car
olina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio. The
articles of produce brought to this market con
sist of tobacco, wheat, flour, hemp, butter, peach
and apple brandy, whiskey, cider, iron, lead,
beef, live hogs, fac The produce is conveyed
in batteaux down the river to Richmond, which
is the depot of all the merchandize passing from
Lynchburg, destined to foreign markets.
Lynchburg, p-t. Lincoln co. Ten. ; W. 761.
Lyndals, x. Norway, which runs into the sea,
10 NNW. Christiansand.
Lyndeborough, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 9
NW. Amherst, 36 SSW. Concord, W. 478. Pop.
1,168. In this township there is a mountain
1„450 feet in height.
Lynden, prt. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 12 N. Dan
ville, 42 NE. Montpelier, W. 545. Pop. 1,296.
Lyne, t. Scot, in Peeblesshire, at the conflux
of the Lyne and the Tweed ; 3 W. Peebles.
Lyne, ox Lynne, r. Scot, which runs into the
Tweed, at Lyne.
Lyne, r. Eng., which runs into the Trent, near
Nottingham. Lyner, or Lynher, ox Liner, r. Eng., in Corn
wall, which rises 5 N. Liskeard, and runs into
the river Tamar, a little below Saltash.
Lynesville, p-v. Granville co. N. C. ; W. 241.
Lyney, t. Eng., in Gloucestershire ; 20 SW.
-Gloucester. Pop. 783.
Lynhaven, bay or harbour on the coast-of
Virginia, at the bottom of Chesapeake bay. Lon.
76. 7. W. Lat. 36. 58. N. It is between the
mouth of James river and Cape Henry. Lyn-
liaven river flows into it.
Lynkliorn Bay, bay on the coast of Virginia,
at the bottom of Chesapeake bay, 2 or 3 west
Cape Henry. Lon. 76. 6. W. Lat. 36. 56. N.

Lynn, p-t. Essex co. Mass. ; 6 SW; Salem, 9
NNE. Boston, W. 445. Lon. 70.68. W. Lat. 42.
28. N. Pop. 4,515. It contains a bank, a large
dying establishment, and 5 houses of public
worship, 2 for Methodists, 1 for Congregation
alists, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Baptists, and is
famous for the manufacture of shoes. No less
than 1,000,000 pair of ladies' shoes were made
here in 1811. There is a mineral spring in this
town, near which is a house for the accommo
dation of visiters. Us Indian name was Saugus.
Lynn Beach, which connects the peninsula of
Nahant to the main land is regarded as a curi
osity. See Nahant.
Lynp., t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,664.
Lynn, or Lynn Regis, or King's Lynn, X. Eng.,
in Norfolk ; 44 WNW. Norwich, 106 N. Lon
don. Lon. 0. 23. E. Lat. 52. 45. N. Pop. 10,095,
It is situated about 10 miles from the German
sea, on E. bank of the river Ouse, which forms
a good harbour, and is divided by four small
rivers, over which there are 11 small bridges.
The streets are well paved ; the modern houses,
which are numerous, are well built, but there
are still many old and irregular buildings. Some
of the public buildings exhibit fine specimens of
ancient architecture. It contains various houses
of public worship, a custom house, a guild hall,
grammar school, library, almshouses, fac It
sends 2 members to parliament. Its trade in
wine, coals, and corn is very large ; and in iron,
deals, timber, and other kinds of merchandize,
is very considerable. Two markets on Tuesday
and Saturday.
Lynn Canal, inlet on W. coast of N. A., and
Upper arm of Cross sound ; extending about 60
miles N. from N. extremity of Chatham sound.
Lon. of the entrance to the south 225. 12. E.
Lat. 58. 12. N.
Lynn, x. Eng., which runs into the Ouse, at
Lynn Regis.
Lynnfield, X. Essex co. Mass. ; 9 W. Salem, 12
NNE. Boston. Pop. 596.
Lynnville, p-v. Lehigh co. Pa. ; W. 197.
Lyoe, small isl. Denmark, near south coast of
Fyen. Lon. 10. 10. E. Lat. 55. 3. N.
Lyana, X. Algiers, whither the independent
Arabians bring their riches as a place of securi
ty, being defended by a warlike tribe, who
have withstood the power of the Turks ; 106 S.
Constantina. Lyon, x. Scot., which rises in Loch Lyon, and
runs into the Tay, 2 ENE. Kemnore.
Lyong, small isl. in the E.Indian sea, near E.
coast of Oby. Lon. 128. 14. E. Lat. 1. 39. S.
Lyons, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. ; 15 E. Palmyra,
16 N. Geneva, 24 NE Canandaigua, 38 E.
Rochester, 198 W. Albany, W.363. Pop. 3,972
The village is situated at the confluence of Mud
creek and the outlet of Canandaigua lake, which
unite to form the Clyde, and on the border of
the Erie canal. The ground on which the vil
lage is built slopes to the south-east, and at foe
lower side ofthe village, on the margin of the
canal, large basins and warehouses are erected.
It is a thriving village, with a considerable and
increasing trade, and contains a printing office.
On the streams above their junction are good
mill seats, and several mills are erected.
Lyonnais, before the revolution, a province

LYO

972

LYS

'Of. France, afiout 30 miles in length, and 17 in ;
bneadth, now forming a part of the departments .
of foe Rhone and. the Loire. The chief city !
was Lyons.
Lyons, or more properly Ljfora, (an. Lugdw- -:
numji city, France, capital of Rhone,, at the
conflux of the Rhfine and Saone ; 190 N. by W.
Marseilles, 280 SSE. Paris, 300 ENE. Bour
deaux. Lon. 4. 49: E. Lat. 45. 46. N. POp. in
1«20; about 1 15,000 ; before the revolution
about 140,000 ; reduced during the revolution
to 80,000. Abp. see. Lyons has long ranked as
the second city of France, and in manufactures
the first. The Rhone and Saone coming from
the northward, approach within less than a mile
of each other, flow for several miles nearly
parallel,, audi afterwards unite; on this, tongue
of laud, thus formed by the two: rivers, Lyons
ib chiefly built. It is 2£ miles long, and, includ
ing! some streets on the west side of the Saone,
about a utile wide. All this is compact build
ing,; but if the scattered streets further to foe
west, on the heights of Fourviere, be included,
the breadth will be 2 miles. All this space is
surrounded by ramparts, and the entrances to
the city are by 6 gates. There are 7 bridges
over the. Saone, and: 2 over the Rhone.
The situation of the city is delightful, but it
has little pretensions to elegance of architec
ture. The streets cross each other at right an-
glesi but they are in general extremely narrow,
and many of them dark and gloomy, except in
foe new parts of the town, such as the square
of Louis le Grand, and the quays along the
Rhone, where foe edifices display considerable
elegance. The houses are mostly of hewn
stone, generally of 5 or 6 stories, partaking of
all foe gloominess of the street, and built in a
heavy style of architecture, remarkable only
for its solidity. There are 4 public squares ; one
of them styled La Ftace de Belcour, is among
the finest in Europe. It is planted with rows
of trees, and surrounded with elegant buildings,
belonging to the gentry and opulent merchants.
There are some fine promenades. Some of the
most noted public buildings are the Hotel de
Vilk, and the large hospital called Hotel Dieu ;
the hospital De la Gharite, capable of containing
3,000 patients ; the cathedral of Saracenic ar
chitecture, remarkable for a curious clock, the
motions of which are extremely complicated ;
the Episcopal palace, 2 theatres, the arsenal, |
the exchange, and the mint. There are 47
Catholic churches, and 1 Reformed. It contains
an. academy with 3 faculties, an academy of
sciences, an academy of fine arts, societies of
medicine, agriculture, and commerce, a public
library of 120,000 volumes, a botanic garden,
and cabinets of antiquities, medals, and !natural
history. Lyons is particularly noted for its extensive
fabrics of silks. In 1789, about 12,000 bales of

raw silk were consumed in France, of which
3-4ths were used at Lyons. The number of
looms at Lyons for silk, velvet, gauze, crape,
and thread, at foe commencement of the revo
lution, was 9,335 ; persons employed 68;600 ;
in 1803, only 1,553 looms were employed.
Since foe restoration, Lyons has, in a great
degree, resumed its former activity. The chief
articles of manufacture are gold and silver bro
cade, plain, double, and striped velvet, em
broidered taffeta and satin, gold and silver laces
or galoons, gauze, ribbons, and silk stockings ;
also hats, leather, carpets, and coloured paper.
In printing and bookselling, Lyons ranks next
to Paris. It was formerly computed that of the
manufactures of Lyons, one half went to Paris,
one fourth to the provinces, the remainder to
foreign countries ; except in the case of rich
stuffs, three fourths of which were sold to for
eigners ; at present the greater part goes to
Paris. The merchants have very extensive
connexions, and trade with Spain, Italy, Hol
land, Switzerland, fac. There are 4 annual fairs,
in January, May, August, and November. The
neighbourhood of Lyons is one of foe most
pleasant spots in France, being not only more
fertile, but more populous than the vicinity of
Paris. Viewed from an eminence, it presents
to the eye a succession of villages, chateaux,
and country houses, delightfully situated in the
midst of lawns, pleasure grounds, and gardens,
variegated by hills and dales, woods and vine
yards, meadows and cornfields.  Natives,
Symphrorien' Champier, Menestrier, Berserade,
Gacon, Jussieu, Terrason, Stella, Vivien, Coy-
sevaux, Coustou, and Audran.
Lyptingen; see Leiblingen.
Lyria, see Liria.
Lys, ox Lis, (La,) r. France, which rises near
Lysburg, in Straits-of-Calais, passes by Aire, St.
Venant, Armentieres, Comines, fac, and runs
into the Scheldt, at Ghent.
Lys, late dep.- France, formed out of Austrian
Flanders. Lysandet, p-t. Onondaga co, N; Y. ; 20 N.
Onondaga, 165 W. Albany, W. 410. Pop; 1,723.
Lysburg, X. France; in Straits-of-Calais ; near
the source ofthe Lys, 10 SSW. Aire. P. 1,005.
Lysano, X. Prussia, in Culm ; 15 S. Culm.
Lyse, t. Norway; 8 SSW. Bergen.
Lysekil, s-p. Sweden, in W. Gothland ; 16 W.
Uddevalla. Lysias, now Berzeh.
Lysimachia, now Hexamila.
Lysobyki, X. Poland; 20 NNW. Lublin.
Lysone, now Aglasoun.
Lyswiek; X. Sweden, Warmeland ; 34 N. Carl
stadt. Lyser, or Lyzer, see Liser.
Lystra, t. Lycaonia ; 38 S. Iconium.
Lylh, X. Eng., in the N. riding of Yorkshire ;
3 NW. Whitby. Pop. 1,037.

END OF VOL. I.

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