YALE UNIVE-RSITY LIBRARY THE PAET OF EHEIMS IN THE MAKING OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE By JAME3 G, CARLETON, B.D. / - • - ASSISTANT LECTUBEB IN DIVINITY, UNIVERSITY OP DUBLIN AUTHOR OP 'the BIBLE OF OUR LORD AND HIS APOSTLEs' OXFORD AT THE CLARENEiON PRESS 1902 henry FROWDE, M.A, PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD LONDON, EDINBURGH NEW YORK Ml PREFACE ht constructing the Tables -which form the ground- -work of this Treatise, my task has been lightened by the facilities for the comparison of versions of the IS'e-w Testament afforded by t-wo ¦works — one of the seventeenth, the other of the nineteenth century. I refer to Fulke's Text of the Ne-w Testament of Jesus Christ, &c., l6oi, in -which the Version of Eheims and the Bishops' Bible are printed side by side ; and to The English Hexapla, Bagster, 1841, in -which the Authorized and five earlier versions — all, with the exception of WickHffe's, pertinent to this inquiry —appear in parallel columns. In this latter, ¦work the Ehemish version again finds a place ; but, strange to say, the Bishops' Bible — the most abundant of the sources of the Authorized version — is not included. Another version of primary importance, the Genevan, is also left out : for by a curious blunder, calculated to mislead the un^wary student, in the column headed ' Geneva,' Whitting- ham's Ne-w Testament of 1557 has been printed, A complete enumeration of versions and editions of versions consulted by me -will be found in Chapter IL For the history of the versions (Chapter I) I have drawn materials mainly from the foUowing works : — Lewis, History of the English Translations of fhe Bible, third edition, 1818 ; Anderson, The Annals of the iv Preface English Bible, 1845 ; Westcott, A General View of the History of the English Bible, 1868 ; Eadie, The English Bible, 1876 ; Fry, The Editions of the New Testament, Tyndale's Version, 1878, and TJie Bible hy Coverdale, 1867 ; Cotton, Editions of the Bible in English, 1852, For the Eheims version my chief authorities have been, The Preface to the version ; The First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douay, and an Appendix of unpublished Documents ; with an Historical Introduction by Thomas Francis Knox, D.D,, 1878, forming Vol, I oiBecords of the English Catholics ; Letters and Memorials of Cardinal Allen, 1882, being VoL II of the same series ; Dodd, The Church History of England, 1737-42 ; Cotton, Bhemes and Doway, 1855, Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, edition of 1813, has supplied biographical details of the Ehemish translators. As the Textus Beceptus mainly underlies the Authorized Version, the Greek is quoted according to it, except when otherwise stated, J, G. C. Trinity College, Dublin, 1902, CONTENTS INTEODUCTION Chapter I : Historical. PAGE Tyndale 2 Co^VBRDALE ,,........ 4 Matthew .......... 8 Tavebner ,,,,....,. 9 The Great (Ceanmer's) Bible lo 'Whittingham IO Geneva , . . . . . . . . . ii TOMSON 12 The Bishops' Bible 12 Eheims 13 The Authorized Version , , 22 Chapter II: Analytical. Section I : Method of Procedure Adopted . , -27 Section II : Analysis op Comparative Tables , . ,32 (a) Vulgate-Latin Influence , , . . . • . 32 I. Vocabulary in general , , . . -32 2, Vulgate-words in place of modified forms from the same roots ,,..., 38 3, Greek words reproduced , , . . . 39 4. Latin phrases taken over . , . . .40 (&) English in place of Latin words . , . -41 (c) Modernizations , , , , . . .41 I. Of words now banished wholly from the New Testament .,,,,.. 42 2. Of antiquated expressions still represented in the New Testament 42 (d) Archaisms 44 versa vi Contents (e) Improvements I, Vocabulary 2. Tenses of verbs . 3. Singular for plural and vice 4. Article expressed 5. Article omitted . 6, Attention paid to hi , 7. Miscellaneous 8. Superior text followed (/) Changes for the worse I, Important instances , 2, Less accurate grammar 3. MisceUaneous 4, Inferior text followed .^^ {g) Participial Construction Introduced I. Participle in place of conjunction and finite verb 2. Participle in place of finite verb followed or pre ceded by ' and '.,,.. 3. Participial form but not verb (of Eheims) adopted v-^ (fe) Literal Eenderings , I. General Instances 2. Eenderings of Eheims adopted with important changes .... (i) Concise Eenderings . I. General Instances 2. Superfluous adjectives omitted 3. Intruded adverbs omitted . (^) Change in Order of 'Words I. Awkward constructions discarded 2. Emphatic woi'd placed first 3. Inverted order changed 4. Miscellaneous -^ (0 Familiar 'Words and Phrases I. Vigorous Translations 2. Other Familiar Words (m) Less notable Words PAGE 444546 4748 4849 49 52 53 5354 55 55 56 56 57 575858 626363 6667 686868 707172727376 Contents vii PAGE — (w) Suggestions only taken 79 I. General Instances ,,..., 79 2. More idiomatic English 82 3. Other improvements , . , . , .82 TABLES Explanation of the Tables 84 Table I. Eeadings common to Eheims and Authorized, but not in Earlier Versions 85 Table II. Readings of Eheims adopted in Authorized Version in margin but not in text . , , , , 222 Table III. Eeadings common to Geneva, Rheims and Authorized, but not in other Versions , , , , 230 INDEX Passages referred to in Chapter II of Introduction , 251 INTRODUCTION CHAPTEK I HISTORICAL The EngKsh Bible of 1611, popularly named the Authorized Version, was designedly a revision of former versions. Among the rules laid down for the guidance of the Translators the following occur : ' The ordinary Bible read in the Church com monly called the Bishops' Bible to be followed and as little altered as the truth of the Original will permit ' , , . ' These translations to be used when they agree better -with the text than the Bishops' Bible: Tindale's, Matthew's, Coverdale's, Whitchurch's, Geneva,' It will be observed here that there is no mention of the oldest of the English versions, that of Wickliffe, and we have no reason to suppose that it, in either of its forms, was con sulted by the Translators. It was •written in obsolete English, and, as it had never been printed ', it had slipped out of the nation's ken. Whatever influence it exerted on the new Revision was indirect through Tyndale, who had incorporated in his work certain of Wickliffe's phrases which had passed into men's common speech^. Another important version also finds no place in the list prescribed for consultation to the Translators of 1611 — the version of the New Testament published at Rheims in 158a and intended specially for the use of English Roman Catholics, This version, the latest which had appeared, is * The New Testament in the version revised by Purvey was published for the first time by the Eev. John Lewis in 1731, a second edition by theRev.H. H. Baber appeared in 1810, and a third in The English Hexapla, Bagster, 1841. The New Testament in the earlier version was published hy Lea 'Wilson in 1848. The whole Bible in both versions was first edited by Forshall and Madden in 1850, 4 vols., University Press, Oxford. ' Eadie, 3%e English Bible, vol. i. p. 73. He instances ' strait gate ' and ' narrow way,' ' beam and mote.' CARLETON B 2 The Part of Rheims in the more than once referred to in the Translators' Preface ^ and exercised, as has been generally acknowledged, a material influence on the new Version. To estimate and define, as accurately as possible, the degree of that influence is the design of the present treatise. To effect this object, it has been needful not only to compare the Authorized Version of the New Testament with that of Rheims, but also to collate the other versions — with the exception of Wickliffe's— which preceded the Bible of 1611. A short historical account of the earlier versions may fittingly be given here. TYNDALE. WiUiam Tyndale, the father of the English Bible, was born about A.D. 1484. He studied first at Oxford, and afterwards at Cambridge, to which latter University he was probably attracted by the lectures of Erasmus who taught Greek there at intervals from 1506 to 1514^, After leaving Cambridge, in 1530, Tyndale held for some years the post of tutor in the family of Sir John Walsh, of Little Sodbury in Gloucester shire, and while there formed the project of placing in the hands of his countrymen the Scriptures directly translated from the original languages, Wickliffe's version having been merely a translation from the Vulgate, The Greek Testa ment of Erasmus, published in 1516, the first printed edition given to the world, doubtless suggested the undertaking, as it smoothed the way for its accomplishment. Meeting with no encouragement from ecclesiastical authority in England, and fearing its active opposition, Tyndale in 1534 withdrew to the Continent, where at Cologne the New Testament was committed to the press in the following year. But news of the enterprise having come to the ears of the city magistrates, the printers were forbidden to proceed with the work, and Tyndale accompanied by Roye, his amanuensis, bearing with him the sheets already printed, removed to > This Preface, entitled 'The Translators to the Reader,' comments at some length on statements made in the Preface to the Kheims New Testament. ^ Froude, Life and Letters of Erasmus, pp. 78, 82, i6i. Making of the English Bible 3 Worms, Here towards the close of the same year, 1535, two editions were published, one, which had been commenced at Cologne, in quarto, with marginal glosses, and another in octavo ^ without glosses. The new Translation on its arrival in England was wel comed and eagerly bought up by the people, but met with a very different reception from the civU and ecclesiastical powers, TunstaU, Bishop of London, preaching at St. Paul's, professed to have found a,ooo eiTors in it. At the instance of Cardinal Wolsey, the King ordered it to be burnt : and so faithfully was the order carried out that of the six editions which were issued up to 1530, numbering, it has been calculated, about 15,000 copies, not more than six or seven copies survive ^, After 1530 no further edition was issued by Tyndale until 1534. In that year the publication of a revision of his work, which he had in hand, was hastened by the appearance of an unauthorized edition by one George Joye who had taken upon himself to correct Tyndale's New Testament from the Vulgate, In. the Preface to his new edition Tyndale makes indignant reference to Joye's act of piracy. In the following year, 1535, the last two editions published during Tyndale's lifetime appeared. One of these was mainly a copy of the issue of 1534, but the other, which is characterized by two different dates, 1535 and 1534 on its two titles — the printing having presumably been begun in one year and finished in the other — represents Tyndale's final revision of his work ^. It bears on the first title the words, 'The Newe Testament yet once agayne cor rected by Willyam Tindale ' ; and it was reprinted almost verbatim by John Rogers, who would naturally use what he considered Tyndale's latest text, in his (Matthew's) Bible of ^537 *• During his stay on the Continent Tyndale mastered the Hebrew language ^, and set himself to the translation of ' The octavo edition was probably finished first (Westcott, History of the English Bible, p. 39). " 'Westcott, p. 45. ' For a full account of these two editions see The Editions of the Ne-w Testament, Tyndale's version, 1525-66, by F. Fry, pp. 56 sq. * See below, p. 9. ° Eadie, vol. i. p, 208. B 3 4 The Part of Rheims in the the Old Testament. The first instalment of this, the Penta teuch, was printed at Marburgh in 1530 ; in the next year the Book of Jonah appeared, and the Epistles from the Old Testament contained in the Sarum Missal were added to the New Testament edition of 1534 ; but the author did not live to complete his work. He left in manuscript a translation of the books from Joshua to a Chronicles, which afterwards was utilized in the compilation of Matthew's Bible. Soon after Tyndale had put the finishing touches to his New Testament, the end came to which his fearless career had been a con tinuous challenge. He was imprisoned on a charge of heresy in May, 1535, at the castle of Vilvorde, eighteen miles from Brussels, and in the following year suffered a martyr's death. His New Testament was printed in England for the firat time in 1536 during his imprisonment ^ COVERDALE. Tyndale's New Testament was entirely a private venture, and it had fallen under the ban of Church and State. But a strong feeling was growing up even in ecclesiastical circles in favour of a vernacular Bible, In 1534 the Upper House of Convocation preferred a request to King Henry VIII that he should order the Scriptures to be translated into English, No such order is known to have been issued, but it would appear that representations were made to Coverdale, then on the Continent, by persons of influence — his patron Cromwell being in all probability one of them — which encouraged him to proceed to a translation. His own words as we read them in the Dedication prefixed to his edition of 1550 are : ' To say the truth before God, it was neither my labour nor desire to have this work put into my hand, nevertheless when I was instantly required, though I could not do so well as I would, I thought it yet my duty to do my best.' The Bible, the origin of which is thus obscurely indicated, was published in 1535, probably at Zurich 2, and dedicated to King Henry. Such a dedication the author would hardly 1 Fry, p. 70. ' Lewis, History of the English Translations of the Bible, p. 91. The matter is fully discussed by Fry, The Bible by Coverdale, pp. 27-34. Making of the English Bible 5 have ventured on unless satisfied that the work had the royal approval. This approval was openly claimed in the next two editions, quarto and folio, printed in London in 1537 by Nycolson, Southwark, the title-page of each bearing at the foot the words, ' Set forth with the Kynges most gracious license,' Coverdale's Bible was not, like Tyndale's, a direct trans lation from the original. His first title-page expressly states that it was ' translated out of Douche and Latyn into English ^.' Though largely indebted, especially in the New Testament, to Tyndale's labours, Coverdale's version has a distinctive character of its o-wn. It is marked by a fondness for para phrase, combined with an easy style and smoothly turned sentences. This feature is forced upon the attention of all who are familiar with the Prayer-book Psalter, which is Coverdale's translation slightly modified in its passage through the Great Bible. The New Testament of Coverdale was reprinted in 1538 and 1539, his Bible in 1550 and 1553. We now come to an undertaking of Coverdale's which seems to deserve more attention than is usually given to it. In 1538 he published an edition of the Vulgate New Testa ment -with an English rendering of his own in a parallel column. The history of the publication is enveloped in much obscurity, Coverdale, it appears, before leaving England to edit the Great Bible, presently to be mentioned, commissioned Nycolson to bring out the work, which accordingly appeared in a few months with Coverdale's name on the title-page, and a 'Dedication' to the King signed by Coverdale, When a copy reached Coverdale in Paris, neither the English nor the Latin pleased him. As he says in the ' Address to Cromwell,' prefixed to the amended Paris edition, ' I found that as it was ^ The arguments put forward by 'Whittaker {Historical and Critical Enquiry, pp. 52 sq.), followed by Anderson (Annals of the English Bible, vol. i. p. 564), to prove that Coverdale translated from the Hebrew are overthrown by Ginsburg in his Commentary to Ecclesiastes, Appendix II. He shows that the four passages mainly relied on by "Whittaker were literally rendered by Coverdale from the Zurich or Swiss-German Bible. See also Westcott, p. 213; Eadie, vol. i. pp. 282 sq. 6 The Part of Rheims in the disagreeable to my former translation in English, so was not the true copy of the Latin text observed, neither the English so correspondent to the same as it ought to be. Coverdale does not express himself clearly, but words which occur previously in the ' Address ' throw some light on his meaning, ' Inasmuch,' he writes, ' as the New Testament, which I had set forth in English before, doth so agree -with the Latin, I was heartily well content that the Latin and it should be set together; provided alway that the corrector should follow the true copy of the Latin in any wise, and to keep the true right English of the same.' The conclusion, I think, which we must draw from these two passages is, that Coverdale intended the English column to be in the main a reproduction of his former translation, but that he left con siderable discretion to some scholar to accommodate it to the Latin. His complaint is that this was not satisfactorily done, and besides that the Latin was inaccurately printed. Notwithstanding the pressure of his other Biblical labours, Coverdale lost no time in ' weeding out,' as he expresses it, ' the faults that were in the Latin and English afore ' ; and the revised edition, in which the English varies so much from his earlier version that it may be considered a new translation, issued from the press of Francis Regnault, Paris, in November of the same year (1538), and was published by Grafton and Whitchurch of London, who were at the same time superin tending the printing of the Great Bible. A second edition, evidently a reprint of the first, appeared in 1539. Nycolson seems to have been in no wise abashed by the treatment his workmanship received, for he printed another edition of the condemned book in the same year (1538)1 this time, however, with 'Faithfully translated by Johan HoUybushe,' — probably the ' corrector ' referred to by Coverdale — on the title. The object Coverdale had in view in publishing his Diglott was, as he states in the ' Dedication ' to the King, twofold. He wished, in the first place, to convince those who objected to former translations, on the groimd that they were not made from the Latin version used in the Church Services, that the Bible ¦was virtually the same in all languages. In the Making of the English Bible 7 second place, he intended the book to be a help to ' such as can but English and are not learned in Latin,' — and he specially mentions those who have ' cure and charge of souls,' — ' that in comparing these two texts together they may the better understand the one by the other.' These latter words confirm the opinion which might reason ably be formed that the production of a parallel Testament was suggested to Coverdale by the Injunctions^ addressed by Archbishop Cranmer in the summer of 1538 to the diocese of Hereford, sede vacante, requiring each clergyman therein to provide himself with ' a whole Bible in Latin and English, or at least a New Testament of both the same languages,' and to 'study every day one chapter of the said Bible or New Testament, conferring the Latin and English together.' These directions, it might naturally be expected, would in time be enforced elsewhere, as they actually were, and Coverdale, we may believe, designed his work to supply the demand which would thus be created. Nor was he alone in this enterprise. It is convenient to mention here that two other Latin-English editions of the New Testament appeared this year, the Latin being not the Vulgate but the translation of Erasmus, and the English the version of Matthew, i. e. Tyndale. And this latter form of the parallel Testament proved the more popular. Another edition came out in 1540 ; and when, at the beginning of Edward VI's reign, Injunctions ^, similar to those quoted above, and applying to the whole kingdom were issued, the Erasmus-Matthew version was reprinted in 1548, and again in 1549 and 1550. Probably the secret of this popularity was that in the new Injunctions the Paraphrase of Erasmus was made an additional work with which each clergyman was to provide himself ; and this may have been thought to indicate that Erasmus's version also was the one which should be procured. The Injunctions were repeated early in Elizabeth's reign ^. After 1539 no further edition of Coverdale's Diglott, in either of its forms, was called for. * Wilkins, Concilia, vol. iii. p. 843 ; Cranmer's Remains, Parker Society, p. 81. " Cardwell, Documentary Annals, vol. i. p. 13. ' Ibid. p. 186. 8 The Part of Rheims in the If I have dwelt at what may be deemed disproportionate length on what is merely a ininor version, it is because, as wiU appear further on, there is good reason for believing that, indirectly through the Translation of Rheims, it has made its influence felt upon the Bible of English-speaking people. MUes Coverdale was born in 1487. He became a friar of the Augustinian order at Cambridge, where he was ordained priest in 1514. Little more is known about his early history, except that in some way or other he came under the notice of CromweU, the powerful minister of Henry VIII, and gained his patronage : and that, like many others in those times of reli gious persecution, he found it convenient to pay, from time to time, protracted -visits to the Continent. His fame chiefly rests on his Biblical labours carried on in connexion not only with his own, but, as will presently be related, with many of the succeeding versions of the English Bible. In 155 1 he was made Bishop of Exeter. On the accession of Mary he was banished from England and took up his residence first in Den mark and afterwards at Geneva. On his return to England at the commencement of Elizabeth's reign, he took part in the consecration of Archbishop Parker ; and, after holding for some time the rectory of St. Magnus, London Bridge, died in 1569. MATTHEW. The Bible which bears the name of Matthew on its title- page, and is so referred to in the rules prescribed to the Trans lators of the Authorized Version, was really the compilation of John Rogers. At the end of the ' Exhortation to the study of the Holy Scriptures ' prefixed to Matthew's Bible, the letters I. R. are printed in large capitals ; and in an official document of grave interest to Rogers, in which accuracy of designation was essential — the legal sentence which condemned him to the stake — the words Johannes Rogers alias Matthew occur four times ^. If Matthew be not simply a pseudonym, he may have furnished funds for the publication of the Bible, or assisted in some other way. Matthew's version has no claim to originality. The object of the editor seems to have been to supply the English public with a complete Bible formed out ' Eadie, vol. i. p. ^i^. Making of the English Bible g of existing materials — the principle guiding the selections being to give the preference to direct translation from the Hebrew and Greek. Thus Tyndale is followed as far as he goes — use being made not only of the books printed by him, but also of the manuscript material he had prepared ^ — and the portions untranslated by him are supplemented from Coverdale. A few unimportant changes introduced into the text, and some alternative renderings given in the margin, are the only signs of revision that can be assigned to Rogers. Matthew's Bible was printed, probably at Antwerp, in 1537. When the copies arrived in England in the same year, Cromwell, at the solicitation of Cranmer, procured for the work the royal licence. The title-page bears, equally with Coverdale's, the coveted formula ' set forth -with the Kinges most gracious lycence.' It thus appears that this stamp of royal approval was conferred almost simultaneously on two Bibles, Coverdale's and Matthew's. Fulke^, in his Defence of Translations of the Bible, 1583, assigns the honour of priority to Matthew's version, asserting that it was the first printed in English with authority. A reprint of Matthew's Bible was issued in 1549. John Rogers was born about 1500. He was educated at Pembroke HaU, Cambridge, and became the Rector of the Holy Trinity, London, in 153a. Resigning this post in 1534, he removed to Antwerp, where he was appointed Chaplain to the Merchant Adventurers ', and came under the influence of Tyndale and Coverdale. On the accession of Edward VI Rogers returned to England, and received Church preferment, culminating in the Prebend of St. Pancras and the rectory of Chigwell in Essex. He met his end in the fires of Smith- field, Feb. 4, 1555. TAVERNER. A revision of Matthew's Bible by a lawyer named Taverner was published in two editions in 1539. The New Testament • See above, p. 4. '^ P. 112, Parker Society edition. ' A guild of English merchants established in Antwerp, 1474. See Demaus, Tyndale, p. 413. IO The Part of Rheims in the of this work was printed separately three times in 1539 and 1540, and the Old Testament formed part of a Bible of 155 1. Although, in a few cases, Taverner anticipates renderings which were subsequently adopted in King James's Version, there is little probability that his Bible was consulted by the Translators of 161 1. THE GREAT (CRANMER'S) BIBLE. The Authorized Versions, as they may be called, of Cover- dale and Matthew, were not long left in possession of the field. A revision of the latter version was almost immediately set on foot by Cromwell, and Coverdale was appointed to under take it. Paris, as excelling in typography and paper, was selected as the place of printing ^ But after the work had commenced the Inquisitor General interfered, and presses, types, and workmen were removed to London. Here in 1539 the printing was completed under the care of Richard Grafton and Edward Whitchurch. By the name of the latter printer the volume is designated in the list of Bibles enumerated in the instructions given to the re-visers of 161 1. But the titles by which it was popularly known were, the ' Great Bible,' a tribute to its size, and ' Cranmer's Bible,' from a prologue by the archbishop which was inserted in a revised edition, of which six distinct impressions were issued in 1540 and 1 541. This Bible retained its position as the Authorized Version for twenty-eight years, and was frequently reprinted, the last edition being issued so late as 1569. Free access to its pages was secured by an injunction of Cromwell in his capacity of king's vicegerent, that it should be set up in some convenient place in every church throughout the kingdom ^. WHITTINGHAM. Among the refugees to the Continent in Queen Mary's reign was William Whittingham, who had been Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. He put forth at Geneva in 1557 a version of the New Testament based on Tyndale and the ' The printer employed waa Francis Regnault, of whom we have heard before in connexion with Coverdale's Latin-English Testament. See above, p. 6. ^ 'Westcott, p. 99. Making of the English Bible n Great Bible. This is the first English version in which the division into verses appears, the convenient fashion having been set by Stephens in the foui-th edition of his Greek Testament printed at Geneva in 1551. Whittingham re turned to England on the death of Mary, and was made Dean of Durham in 1563. GENEVA, Whittingham's New Testament was the immediate fore runner of a translation of the whole Bible, which, under the name of the Genevan Bible, attained wide and lasting popu larity. In the preparation of this version, which was pub lished at Geneva in 1560, Whittingham himself took a leading part, assisted by other scholars, among whom were probably Coverdale, again a refugee, and Ejiox^, Whittingham's version was taken as the basis of the New Testament trans lation, but it was subjected to a searching revision mainly guided by the Greek original and the Latin version of Beza ^'^Sb^\ 80 that, while it retains the main features of what may be called the traditional English Translation, it exhibits a large number of distinctive renderings, many of which have passed into the Authorized Version, Some of these had been previously adopted in the Rhemish version, and thus came before the translators of 161 1 -with a double recommendation. The Genevan version owed the affection with which it was regarded to more than one feature. The old black letter was discarded for Roman type. The verse division was taken over from Whittingham's version. Numerous explana tory notes filled the margin, imbued with a calvinistic flavour, which commended them to a large class of readers. The form of the book, a handy quarto, was better suited for general use than the ponderous folios of the earlier standard Bibles, The Genevan version continued long a vigorous competitor of the successive Authorized Versions for the favour of the multitude. Five editions were printed at Geneva up to 1570, After the death of Archbishop Parker, who in the interests of the Bishops' Bible discouraged rival versions, the first English edition appeared in 1575, From that time impression ' Stiype, lAfe of Parker, p. 409, ed. of 1821. 12 The Part of Rheims in the after impression was struck off to meet the public demand. Up to the end of Elizabeth's reign, ninety editions in all appeared, as compared -with thirty editions of the Bishops', and ten of all other versions. And even the publication of King James's version of i6i i did not at once put the Genevan . Bible out of the field ; editions still appeared from time to time, until in the reign of Charles I it gradually sank into disused TOMSON, In 1576 Lawrence Tomson, under-secretary to Sir Francis Walsingham, brought out an edition of the Genevan New Testament, in which sundry alterations were introduced. Tomson's version had considerable popularity, and frequently took the place of the Genevan New Testament proper in editions of the Genevan Bible, THE BISHOPS' BIBLE. Shortly after the accession of Elizabeth a revision of the Great Bible was taken in hand at the instance of Arch bishop Parker, As the scholars to whom he committed the work were mainly bishops, the version gained the popular title of the ' Bishops Bible.' It was completed in 1568, when it issued from the press of Richard Jugge in London. The Bishops' Bible was the first version which came out under direct ecclesiastical auspices, and the whole weight of Church authority was exerted to assist its dissemination. In the Constitutions and Canons of 157 1 a direction was given that ' every archbishop and bishop should have at his house a copy of the Holy Bible of the largest volume as lately printed in London.' And it was further ordered that copies should be placed in the cathedrals, and, ' so far as could be conveniently done,' in all parish churches ^, A scholar named Lawrence ' having pointed out several important errors in the first edition, these were corrected in the edition of 157a and the subsequent ^ Eadie, vol. ii. p. 52. ' Injunctions of Cromwell (see above, p. 10), of Edward VL and of Elizabeth giving similar directions with regard to the Great Bible, were of State authority. ' He was probably Head Master of Shrewsbury School (Eadie, vol. ii. P- 79)- Making of the English Bible 13 reprints. The last edition of the whole Bible was issued in t6o6, but the New Testament was reprinted so late as 1618 ^, RHEIMS. One of the results of the ecclesiastical changes in England, consequent on the accession of Elizabeth, was the establish ment in 1568 of a College or Seminary at Douay, for the educa tion of English Roman Catholic students who were debarred by conscientious reasons from resorting to the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge ; and for the training of a body of leai-ned priests who might eventually, it was hoped, be the means of recovering England for the Papacy. This College was grafted on the University of Douay, which had been founded a few years before (in 156a) by Philip II of Spain, then ruler of the Netherlands, The originator of the project and fiLrst president of the new College was William Allen ^, who had formerly been Principal of St, Mary's Hall, Oxford, and Canon of York, but had resigned those offices at the commencement of Elizabeth's reign. Allen is best known as an active participator in the political intrigues of his day. He was created a Cardinal by Sixtus V in 1587, and was promised the appointment of Legate with the mission of reconciling England to the Pope, in case the Spanish Armada should prove successful ^. After ten years, the connexion of the College with Douay was interrupted by an order from the magistrates that all the English residents should leave the town. The reason for this expulsion is obscure. Probably, as the College was under the patronage of, and in receipt of a pension from, Philip II, it became involved in the unpopularity of the Spanish rule in the Netherlands, and the civic authorities were apprehensive of an outbreak of mob violence. The professors and students removed to Rheims in France in 1578, and their stay there was rendered memorable by the preparation and publication of an English Translation of the New Testament which, though * Eadie, ii. p. 37. ^ For an account of Allen see 'Wood, Athenoie Oxonienses, vol. i. col. 615-23, ed. of 1813. ' Douay Diaries, Historical Introduction, p. Ixxxiv, 14 The Part of Rheims in the designed solely for the use of Roman Catholics, was destined to impress a broad mark on the version which, for three hundred years, has been most familiar to the English race. Cardinal Allen, under whose auspices as President of the College the translation was made, was noted for the interest he took in Biblical studies. He was appointed by Cardinal Carafa in 1579 one of his assistants in preparing an emended edition of the Septuagint, as an aid to the revision of the Vulgate then in contemplation ^, It appears that in the college the Bible was allotted a large place in the instruction of the students. Ample evidence of this is given in the ' Douay Diaries ^ ' published in 1878 and other documents included in that volume. A Latin letter ^ preserved in the English College at Rome dated Sept. x6, 1578 (altered to 1580), of AUen to Vendeville, Regius Professor of Canon Law at Douay, contains a graphic description of the Scriptural exercises of the students and the objects aimed at thereby, ' Since it is of great consequence,' ihe writes, 'that they should be familiar with the text of Holy i Scripture and its more approved meanings, and have at their I finger ends all those passages which are correctly used by 'Catholics in support of our faith, or impiously misused by .heretics in opposition to the Church's faith, we provide for them, as a means by which they may gain this power, a daily lecture in the New Testament in which the exact and genuine ', sense of the words is briefly dictated to them. Every day at table after dinner and supper, before they leave their places, they hear a running explanation of one chapter of the Old and another of the New Testament, At suitable times they take down from dictation, with reference to the controversies of the present day, all those passages of Holy Scripture which either make for Catholics or are distorted by heretics, to gether with short notes concerning the argument to be drawn from the one and the answers to be made to the other, , , . It is usual to read at table four or at least three chapters at ^ Douay Diaries, Historical Introduction, p. Ixxxiv. ^ See pp. 123, 125, 144, 150, 156, 178, 304, 309. ^ Letters and Memorials of Cardinal Allen, pp. 52 sq. The letter is translated in the Introduction to the Douay Diaries, pp. xxxviii sq. Making of the English Bible 15 a time. . . , Each one reads over these chapters beforehand privately in his own room, and likewise the chapters which are expounded daily at the end of dinner and supper, . , , Those who are able to do so read them in the original. In this way the Old Testament is gone through twelve times every three years or thereabouts. The New Testament is read through sixteen times in the same period. , , . They are also taught successively Greek and Hebrew, so far as is required to read and under stand the Scriptures of both Testaments in the original,' This interesting account of the systematic course of Biblical study at the College is made, in the same letter, to lead up to a proposal by AUen to undertake, with the Pope's approval, a new Translation of the Scriptures, Among the collegiate exercises English sermons were preached by the more ad vanced students on Sundays and festivals. Allen, having mentioned this, takes up the subject of preaching in general, and the difficulties which Roman Catholics experience in preaching, owing to their Authorized Version being in Latin, ''When they,' he says, 'are preaching to the unlearned, and are obliged on the spur of the moment to translate some passage which they have quoted into the vulgar tongue, they often do it inaccurately and with unpleasant hesitation, because either there is no vernacular ^ version of the words or it does not then and there occur to them. Our adversaries, on the other hand, have at their fingers' ends, from some heretical version, all those passages of Scripture which seem to make for them, and by a certain deceptive adaptation and alteration of the sacred words produce the effect of appearing to say nothing but what comes from the Bible. This evil might be remedied if we too had some Catholic version of the Bible, for all the English versions are most coiTupt, I do not know what kind you ha-^e in Belgium. But certainly we on our part -will undertake, if His Holiness shall think proper, to produce a faithful, pure and genuine version of the Bible in accordance with the edition approved by the Church, for we already have men most fitted for the work. Perhaps indeed ix it would have been more desirable that the Scriptures had ' The translation in the Introduction to the Douay Diaries gives ' English ' here, but the Latin is more general, vulgaris. i6 The Part of Rheims in the never been translated into barbarous tongues : nevertheless at the present day when, either from heresy or other causes, the curiosity of men, even of those who are not bad, is so great, and there is often also such need of reading the Scriptures in order to confute our opponents, it is better that there should be a faithful and Catholic translation than that men should use a corrupt version to their peril or destruction: the more so since the dangers which arise from reading certain more difficult passages may be obviated by suitable notes.' If, as we may assume, 1580 is the true date of this letter, the version here alluded to as only in contemplation had already been commenced, and Allen must have reckoned beforehand on the Pope's approval. A marginal entry in the Douay Diaries, belonging to the year 1578, makes the following statement: — ' On October i6th or thereabout, Martin, Licentiate (in Theology), began a translation of the Bible into English, -with the object of healthfully counteracting the corruptions whereby the heretics have so long lamentably deluded almost the whole of our countrymen. And in order that the work — most useful, as it is hoped — may be published the more speedily, he completes daily the translation of two chapters, which, to secure greater correctness, are read through by AUen our President, and Bristow our Moderator, who in their wisdom faithfully correct whatever seems to need emendation^.' The only other entry in the Diaries relating to the new version records the completion of the New Testament, Under the date March, 1583, the note occurs ^ : — ' In this month the finishing touch was put to the English edition of the New Testament.' ^ ' Ootobris 16 vel circiter D.t licent. Martinus Bibliorum versionem in Anglicum sermonem auspicatus est; ut sic tandem haereticorum corruptionibus, quibus iamdiu misere toll fere populo patriae nostrae imposuerunt, saluberrime obviaretur : et ut opus istud, ut speratur longe utile, citius prodeat, ipse wertendo* quotidie duo capita absolvit ; ut autem emendatius, eadem ipsa capita praeses noster D.t Alanus et m'' n. D.t Bristous diligenter perlegunt, atque etiam, si quidquid alicubi digaum* videatur, pro sua sapientia fideliter corrigunt.' Douay Diaries, p. 145. " 'Hoc ipso mense extrema manus Novo Testamento Anglice edito imposita est.' Ibid. p. 186. t D. (Dominus) signifies University graduate. * MS. defective and conjecturally restored by the Editor of the ' Diaries.' Making of the English Bible 17 Cardinal AUen in his letter indicates the motives which led to this somewhat unusual undertaking of issuing a ver nacular version of the Scriptures with the papal imprimatur. Such a version was needed for controversial purposes ; and to meet a desire which had grown up among Roman Catholics in England for a translation of the Bible in their own language, which, if not lawfully gratified, might drive them to read ' heretical ' versions. The latter motive is put forward prominently in the Preface to the Rhemish Testament. In it the dangers which arise from the indiscriminate reading of the Scriptures are dwelt on at length, and pains are taken to assure the reader that the issue of the present vernacular version is quite an exceptional measure, caUed for by the exigencies of the time. ' We doe not,' says the Preface, ' publish (this translation) upon erroneous opinion of necessitie, that the holy Scriptures should alwaies be in our mother tonge, or that they ought, or were ordained by God, to be read in differently of all , , , but upon special consideration of the present time, state and condition of our countrie, unto which divers thinges are either necessarie, or profitable and medicin- able now, that otherwise in the peace of the Church were neither much requisite, nor perchance whoUy tolerable,' Having launched a condemnation, in no measured words, against the translations of the Bible which issued from the Re formation, the Preface continues : ' We therfore having com passion to see our beloved countrie men, with extreme danger of their soules, to use onely such prophane translations and erroneous mens mere phantasies, for the pure and blessed word of truth, much also moved thereunto by the desires of many devout persons, have set forth for you (benigne readers) the New Testa ment to begin -withal, trusting that it may give occasion to you, after diligent perusal thereof, to lay away at lest such their impure versions as hitherto you have ben forced to occupie,' Gregory Martin \ to whom the Douay Diaries assign the 1 Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, vol. i. col. 487, ed. of 1813 ; Dodd, Church History of England, vol. ii. pp. 1 2 1-3, ed. of 1737. "Wood says of him : ' He was a most excellent linguist, exactly read and vers'd in the Sacred Scriptures, and went beyond all of his time in humane literature, whether, in poetry or prose,' CARLETOM C i8 The Part of Rheims in the chief credit of the new Translation, was one of the original scholars of St. John's College, Oxford, at its foundation in 1557, subsequently becoming tutor in the family of the Duke of Norfolk. He joined the CoUege of Douay in 1570, where he was employed by Allen as Lecturer in Hebrew and Holy Scripture. Martin was weU fitted for his task, as weU by his proficiency in Greek and Hebrew as by his acquaintance with existing English translations of the Bible, A work of his, which was published a few months after the Rhemish New Testament saw the light, was aimed at exposing the errors in these and other recent translations. It is entitled ' A Discoverie of the manifold Corruptions of the Holy Scrip tures by the Heretikes of our dales, speciaUy the English Sectaries, &c., Rhemes, 1583.' Richard Bristow^, who with AUen supervised the Trans lation, had been formerly a FeUow of Exeter College, Oxford, He went to Douay in 1569, where he held the office of Moderator or Prefect of Studies. His part in the work of translation was probably small, but he has left a prominent mark upon the Version as the author of the Annotations on the New Testa ment — an elaborate series of comments of a fiercely polemical and controversial character which were printed with the text. The Notes on the Old Testament are ascribed to Thomas Worthington ^, who became President df Douay in 1599- The Translation is avowedly based on the Latin. 'We translate,' says the Preface, ' the old Vulgar Latin text, not the common Greek text,' Several reasons are alleged in defence of this course. Amongst them ; the antiquity of the Vulgate ; its correction by St. Jerome according to the Greek; its continuous employment since that time in the Church's ser^vices ; because the Fathers used and expounded it ; because the Council of Trent had declared it authentical ; because in places where the Latin and Greek disagree the Latin is better than the Greek text ; — for which statement the proof adduced being that ' most of the auncient heretikes were Grecians, and therfore their Scriptures in Greeke were more corrupted by ' them, as the auncient fathers often complaine,' ^ "Wood, vol. i. col. 482 ; Dodd, vol. ii. pp. 59, 121. = Dodd, vol. ii. p. 121. Making of the English Bible 19 Nevertheless the Greek text lay open before Martin during the translation, and exercised a certain degree of influence upon it. In the title-page to the words ' Translated faithfully into English out of the authentical Latin,' there is added ' diligently conferred with the Greeke and other editions in divers languages.' That this was no idle assertion, so far as the Greek is concei-ned, is proved by the pages of the Version. There are few chapters where one or more Greek words do not appear in the margin. The Preface explains that they were placed there to give ' the learned reader ' an alternative sense ; 'to take away the ambiguitie of the Latin or English '; ' when the Latin neither doth nor can reaehe to the signification of the Greeke word '; 'when the Greeke hath two senses and the Latin but one ' ; and for other reasons less easy to appreciate ^. It also specifies two ways in which the Greek left its mark on the Translation itself. One is, that it sometimes served as a guide for punctuation, the other, that in certain cases it led the translators to prefer the word in the Latin margin to that in the text. But the most material influence which the Greek original exerted upon the Translation receives no recognition in the Preface. In a question in which the Latin could render no assist ance, namely, whether the definite article should be employed or not, the clear rendering of the Greek has been frequently foUowed. The instances are numerous in which the Rhemish Testament, by the insertion or omission of the definite article, has rendered the Greek more faithfully than the earUer ver sions. Some of these have passed from it into the Authorized Version, and are recorded in the Tables which foUow. Others, neglected by the Translators of the Authorized Version, have found an entrance into the Revised Version of 1881 ^, The ' other editions in divers languages ' with which the Latin was also ' diligently conferred ' include some at least ^ 'For advantage of the Catholike cause'; 'to shew the false trans lation of the heretike.' ' Instances of the latter class are : Definite article in the Greek trans lated—Matt, iv. 5 'the pinnacle'; xxviii. i6 'the mountain'; Rev. vii. 13 ' the white robes.' Definite article omitted as not being in the Greek- Matt, ii. 13, Luke ii, 9 ' an angel'; John iv. 27 ' a woman.' C 3 20 The Part of Rheims in the of the existing English versions, Martin, as we have seen, was a careful student of these, and, notwithstanding the scathing denunciation with which they are assailed in the Preface, it is not too much to say that they were made by him and his friends the very groundwork of their Version. Speaking generally, and leaving out of account the peculiar features of the Rhemish Testament, we find in it the phraseo logy and the turns of expression of the traditional rendering which started from Tyndale, When we compare chapter after chapter of the Translation of Rheims -with the earlier versions we are struck more by their resemblances than their differences^. We feel that, in spite of the hostile attitude which it thought fit to assume towards them, it is a lineal descendant of the versions which preceded it, and well entitled to take an honourable place in the connected series of English Bibles. As might be expected the Translation, as derived from the Vulgate, abounds in Latin words, many of which were after wards taken over by the Authorized Version as the annexed Tables bear witness. But this tendency of Martin and hia fellow labourers to follow the Vulgate closely led to what must be regarded as the great disfigurement of the Version— the frequent transference to its pages of Latin expressions, strange, then and now, to the English ear ; and the bald Hteral translation.^of Latin sentences which often leaves the sense obscure, if not incomprehensible. As instances of the formel class I may adduce: ' supersubstantial bread,' Matt, vi. ii; ' he was assumpted,' Acts i. a ; ' odible to God,' Rom. i, 30; ' evacuated from Christ,' Gal, v. 4 ; ' the proposition of loaves,' Heb, ix. a ; ' He exinanited himself,' Phil. ii. 7 ; ' concorporate ] and comparticipant,' Eph. iii. 6. And of the latter : ' Against ¦ the spirituals of wickedness in the celestials,' Eph, vi. la; ' As infants even now born, reasonable, milk without guile desire ye,' i Pet. ii. 3 ; ' Every knee bow of the celestials, terrestrials and infernals,' Phil, ii, 10, It is evident that this foreign flavour must have impaired the usefulness of the Translation, as intended for popular reading; though the criticism of the Translators of the ' See Westcott, p. 321 and note i. Making of the English Bible 21 Authorized Version may be deemed ungenerous, — that it was ' of purpose designed to darken the sense, that since they ' [the Papists] ' must needs translate the Bible, yet by the language thereof it may be kept from being understood ^,' The Rhemists in their Preface dweU at some length on this feature of their Version, adducing, besides others, some of the above-quoted instances. They justify themselves on the plea that they wished their translation to be ' most sincere, as becometh a CathoUke translation, and have endevoured so to make it.' On this account they say ' we are very precise and reUgious in folowing our copie, the old vulgar approved Latin, not onely in sense, which we hope we alwaies doe, but sometime in the very wordes also and phrases.' ' We have used . , , no more licence than is sufferable in translating of holy Scriptures, continually keeping our selves as neere as is possible to our text, and to the very wordes and phrases which by long use are made venerable, though to some prophane or deUcate eares they may seeme more hard or bar barous, . , , acknowledging with S, Hierom that in other writings it is ynough to give in translation sense for sense, but that in Scriptures, lest we misse the sense, we must keepe the very wordes.' ' Moreover, we presume not in hard places to moUifie the speaches or phrases, but religiously keepe them word for word, and point for point, for feare of missing, or restraining the sense of the holy Ghost to our phantasie.' The New Testament, with Preface and Annotations, was published at Rheims in 158a in a quarto volume. The edition was probably a large one, as copies of it are not rare at the present day. A second edition was printed at Antwerp in 1600. It differs from the first merely in the augmentation and rearrangement of some of the Notes. There were sub- iequent issues in 1631 and 1633, The complete Bible was published in 1609-10 at Douay, rhither the CoUege had returned in 1593. The annotations n the Douay Old Testament, which are far less copious than hose on the New and more subdued in language, were pre pared by Dr, Worthington, the then President, A second edition appeared in 1635, after which date no ' The Translators to the Reader. 22 The Part qf Rheims in the other impression of the Douay Bible was issued untU 1749- 50, when a re-vised edition, with Notes toned down and curtaUed, was published by Dr, Challoner, The original New Testament was reprinted in 1738, and again in 1788, 1789 and 1834^- But aU other later editions whether of the New Testament or of the whole Bible' are generaUy based on ChaUoner, and vary considerably from the Version as put forth in Rheims and Douay ^, The controversial character of the Notes of the Rhemish Testament led indirectly to a wider circulation of the work than its translators had contemplated, and introduced it to a different class of readers from that for which they were provid ing, William Fulke, Master of Pembroke HaU, Cambridge, who had already -written an answer * to Martin's ' Discoverie *,' entered the Usts once more with his old opponent. In 1589 he republished, in a large foUo volume ^, the Rhemish Testament, Notes and all, printing in a parallel column the text of the Bishops' Bible, and adding a running commentary, from a strong puritan and calvinistic standpoint, on the Rhemish Text and Notes. This work, of which a second edition ap peared in 1601, and subsequent issues in 1617 and 1633, brought under the notice of many an EngUshman a Version of the Scriptures which otherwise he would not have been likely to concern himself about or even to hear of. ¦ Another work of a simUar character, in which also the Rhemish Testament was printed at full length, was pubHshed in 1618, THE AUTHORIZED VERSION, We now return to the Authorized Version, the heir of the preceding versions from Tyndale's onward. A few words about it may suitably be added to fiU up this sketch of tbe history of the English Bible. ^ 1738 (no place of publication named) ; 1788, 1789 (Liverpool) (New York). ^ See for a full account of the various editions Cotton, Rhemes and I ' A Defense of the sincere and true Translations of the Holie Serij. into the English tong, &c., 1583. * See above, p. 18. ^ The Text of the New Testament of Jesus Christ, Translated out of vulgar Latine by the Papists of the traiterous Seminarie at Rhemes, &c. Making of the English Bible 23 The origin of the Version is traceable to the Conference of Divines at Hampton Court in 1604, summoned by Kinw James I to consider complaints brought by the Puritans against the Book of Common Prayer, Among these com plaints, objection was made to the Scriptures read in the Church's services, as being incorrectly translated, and thus creating a difficulty in the way of subscribing to the Com munion book. On this scruple being put forward, the king, who presided at the Conference, began to ' bethink himself of the good that might ensue by a new translation.' This is the account given in the Preface to the Authorized Version, In a contemporary history^ of the Conference by Barlow, Dean of Chester, it is stated that Reynolds, President of Corpus Christi CoUege, Oxford, the spokesman of the Puritans, alleged three instances of unsatisfactory renderings, viz. Gal. iv. 35 ' bordereth ' ; Psalm cv, 38 ' they were not obe dient ' ; Psalm cvi. 30 ' then stood up Phinees and prayed ' ; — and then and there ' moved his majesty that there might be a new translation of the Bible.' ' Whereupon,' Barlow adds, 'his highnesse wished that some special paines should be taken in that behalf for one uniform translation , , , and this to be done by the best learned in both the universities : after them to be reviewed by the bishops, and the chief learned of the church: from them to be presented to the privy councel ; and lastly to be ratified by his royal authority ; and so this whole church to be bound unto it, and none other.' The king, having thus approved of the scheme of a new version, lost no time in making preparation for it ; and the company of translators was appointed before the end of the year. It appears, however, from a curiously worded passage in the Preface^, which assigns about three years to the transla tion, that the work was not regularly taken in hand until 1607. The Translators, forty-seven in all, were divided into three ' The Sum and Substance of the Conference, Sea. See Cardwell's Con ferences on the Book of Common Prayer, pp. 187, 188. ^ ' The work has not been huddled up in seventy-two days ' (the allusion is to the story about the speedy translation of the Septuagint), 'but hath cost the workmen, as light as it seemeth, the pains of twice seven times seventy-two days.' 24 The Part of Rheims in the companies, meeting at Oxford, Cambridge, and Westminster respectively. Most of them are not otherwise kno-wn to fame, but they included the saintly Andrewes, Bishop of Winchester; Overal, the author of the latter portion of the Church Cate chism ; Reynolds, in some sense the father of the Version; Saravia, the friend of Hooker; Abbot, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury ; Barlow, the historian of the Hampton Court Conference ; and BedweU, the preceptor of the famous Oriental scholar, Pocock, The admirable Address of the Translators to the Reader, which is usually omitted in modern copies, while the fulsome dedication to King James has maintained its ground, was the work of Dr. Miles Smith, Bishop of Gloucester. He and Bilson, Bishop of Winchester, the author of the summary of contents at the head of each chapter, were the final revisers and editors of the new Version. We have seen that in the Instructions^ given to the Translators they were directed to follow the Bishops' Bible, altering it as little as the truth of the original would permit. In obedience to this rule, the Translators made the Bishops' Bible the basis of the new Version, correcting it by com parison with the Hebrew and Greek text ^, But of the other versions, which the instructions prescribed for their guidance, the Translators appear to have made little use, with one notable exception, the Genevan, many of whose distinctive readings have been incorporated in King James's Version. The magnitude of the debt which the Translators owe to the Rhemish New Testament, — not mentioned in the Instructions, — it is the aim of these pages to exhibit and assess. The Douay Old Testament, though published in 1609-10, shortly; before the Royal Version, did not come into the hands of the Translators. In their Address to the Reader, referring to the Romanists, they say ' we have seen none,' i. e. no translation, ' of theirs of the whole Bible as yet.' Much additional light, we might expect, would be thro-wn upon the sources of the Authorized Version if some of the ' Above, p. I. " ' If you ask what they had before them, truly it was the Hebrew text of the Old Testament, the Greek of the New,' — The Translators to the Reader. Making of the English Bible 25 numerous copies of the Bishops' Bible wrought upon by the Translators could be discovered. But none such are known to exist. Archdeacon Cotton, indeed, in his Editions of the BibW^ refers to a copy of the edition of 1603, in the Bodleian Library, as containing ' MS, corrections for King James's Translation.' But that this is a mistake has been con clusively proved by the late Bishop Westcott. His verdict is, that ' in all probability it contains simply a scholar's collation of the Royal and Bishop's texts, with an attempt to trace the origin of the corrections^,' We may safely assume that the Translators used the Bishops' Bible as revised in 1573, and not as it was first published in 1568. If, as is most probable, they owed their knowledge of the Rhemish Testament to Fulke's work, and had it before them, they could hardly have helped utilizing, for the purposes of comparison, the Bishops' Bible, so conveniently printed in the parallel columns ; and thus this edition might have been the one generally consulted. It may, indeed, not unreasonably be conjectured that, to the printing of these two versions side by side in Fulke's pages, was indirectly due the degree of influence which the Rhemish Testament has exerted upon the construction of our English -Bible, King James's Version was completed and published ini6ii. On the title-page appeared those words -with which we are still famiUar, ' Appointed to be read in Churches,' We can point to no pronouncement of Church or State in justification of this assertion, nor yet as entitling the Version to be called 'authorized,' We can quote no Royal procla mation, no Act of Parliament, no Injunction of the Privy CouncU, no Canon of Convocation, Nevertheless, though it never received any formal endorsement of the rank universally conceded to it, the history of the Version sufficiently declares that it was designed to displace the Bishops'Bible, and succeed to the pri-vdleged position duly conferred upon it by Crown and Church, As a revision of that Bible, inaugurated by the king and carried out by divines of the Church of England, ¦ p. 56. * Westcott, pp. 1 56, 7, note. 26 The Part of Rheims in the it entered at once on the heritage of the Book it superseded, and, iure successionis, became the Authorized Version of the English Church and nation ; its intrinsic merits, soon generaUy acknowledged, preventing any attempt or wish to dispute the precedence it claimed. Making of the English Bible 27 CHAPTEE II ANALYTICAL The position of the Version of Rheims, as a liberal con tributor to the storehouse of the EngUsh Bible, has been frequently recognized by scholars, notably in the Preface^ to the Revised New Testament of 1881 ; and in several works, lists, more or less accurate, of some of the more important words, which were adopted by King James's Translators at the suggestion of the Rhemists, have been given. But no attempt has been hitherto made to furnish an exhaustive account of the extent to which the later version has been indebted to the earUer — an account which in order to be complete must take into consideration not only vocabulary but also the structure of sentences, grammatical distinctions and other points of greater or minor importance in which the Translation of Rheims has left traces of its influence on the Bible of the EngUsh-speaking peoples. Section I, Method of Proceduee Adopted. The plan I have pursued in this investigation has been as foUows, I have, in the first place, compared the Authorized Version (designated A. in the Tables) with that version which, according to the instructions given to its Translators and followed by them, formed its basis, viz, the Bishops' Bible (B,). When any difference, even the sUghtest, appeared, I then consulted the Rhemish version (R.), If I found A, and R, in agreement, I proceeded to examine the earlier versions, the Genevan (G,), Whittingham's (W.), Matthew's (M,), Cranmer's 2 (the Great Bible) (C), Coverdale's (Co,), Tyndale's (T,). In case none of these exhibited the reading ^ The Revisers say: 'Their' (King James's translators) 'work shows evident traces of the influence of a version not specified in the rules, the Rhemish, made from the Latin Vulgate, but by scholars conversant with the Greek original.' ' Called "Whitchurch's in the rules laid down for the Translators, see above, p. lo. 28 The Part of Rheims in the common to A. and R., I have assumed that A. has borrowed from R., and I have inserted the joint-reading in the first column of Table I ; while in the second column, for comparison sake, I have set down the reading or readings of the earUer versions. Whenever the readings of A. and R. were similar but not identical, I have given both readings in the fii-st column. As Matthew is practically a reprint of Tyndale's edition of 1535-1534^, I have not inserted its symbol M. in the Tables, except in the rare cases in which it differed from Tyndale. The marginal readings of A. have received the same treat ment as the text. Those which agree with R. only, have been placed in the first column of Table II. In this Table the second column includes the text-reading of A, among those of the other versions. It may be contended that the agreement of A. and R. in any passage, where the other versions differ from them, is no proof that A. has adopted R.'s rendering ; that they might independently have arrived at the same translation of word or phrase. This is true. We have to do with presumptions, not certainties. And, if the coincidences between the two versions were few, we should naturally assume that they were casual and undesigned. But when, as an examination of Tables I and II — for the marginal readings of A. should be given due weight — shows, they appear over and over again in every chapter, almost in every verse ; and when we know, too, from the Preface to King James's Translation, that the Revisers had the Rhemish version before them, it seems hard to resist the inference that the coincidences, except when very trifling, must be regarded as implying a trans ference from the earlier to the later version. A considerable number of readings are pecuUar to the Genevan, Rhemish, and Authorized Versions. As the Royal Translators appear to have paid almost equal deference to G. and R., in such cases it is impossible to decide which was most likely followed. It is not improbable that the agreement of two such important authorities convinced the Translators of the value of the reading. I have recorded these readings in Table III. ¦¦ See above, pp. 3, 9. Making of the English Bible 29 In addition to the versions mentioned above, I have coUated Coverdale's Latin-English Testament (Co.^), and the versions of Taverner (Tav.) and Tomson (To.) : and wherever the fii-st differs from Coverdale's Bible proper, the second from Tyndale, and the third from the Genevan version, I have recorded their renderings. But as I thought it im probable that these minor versions were consulted by the Royal Translators, in those instances in which readings, which otherwise are peculiar to R. and A., have been anticipated by one or other of them, I have not considered myself warranted in disturbing the results. I have retained the joint-reading of R. and A. in the first column of the Tables, and simply placed (Co.^), (Tav.) or (To.), as the case might be, by its side. The coincidences of Tav. and To. respectively with R. and A. are very few, and may be left without further remark. It is different with regard to Co.^ A considerable number of R.=A. readings are found in Coverdale's parallel Testa ment. To be precise, in Table I about a fourth of the readings are of this character, in Table II the proportion is somewhat smaller, in Table III somewhat greater. This is a phenomenon which demands consideration. The thought arises, may not the Translators of 1611 have derived these renderings from Coverdale rather than from Rheims? This is, of course, possible, but the balance of probability is against it. If Coverdale's Diglott came before the Translators at all — which is unlikely — we have no reason to believe they would have attached any importance to its renderings. It was not the Coverdale's version to which the rules laid down for their guidance directed their attention. It was a version with no mark of success or popular acceptance to recommend it to them. Since 1539, as we have seen^, some seventy years before, no edition of it had been printed. On the other hand, -we know that the Version of Rheims bulked large in the Translators' eyes. A good part of their Preface is occupied in discussing its merits. And, even leaving out of account readings in which their Version agrees also with Coverdale's Testament, other readings, three times as many, are common to R. and A. alone. If these latter coincidences may be ' Above, p. 7. 30 The Part of Rheims in the regarded as evidencing an intimate connexion between R. and A., is it likely that the Translators of A. were indebted for those other readings which are also in R. — not to it, but to Coverdale's little known Latin-English Testament ? Assuming, then, that we are justified in concluding that Rheims and not Coverdale's Diglott was the source from which the Royal translators drew the renderings which belong both to Rheims and Coverdale, another question suggests itself. Does this similarity of expression in R. and Co.* imply a contact between the two versions, a borrowing of the later from the earlier ? We have no positive proof that this was so, but it is difficult to account for the numerous coinci dences except on such a supposition. It also helps us in forming an opinion, to note that, as the Tables show, there are many cases in which R. is identical with Co.^, while A. slightly differs from both. It will be remembered, moreover, that Martin, the chief author of the Rhemish version, had an exten sive acquaintance -with English Bibles ; it is not probable there fore that he was ignorant of that version, which, as being a translation of the Vulgate, was most akin to the work on which he was engaged. Coverdale's Bilingual Testament, neglected in Englaijd, would have had an attraction for him which the Translators of the Authorized Version could not share. If this conclusion is weU grounded, and the Rhemish ver sion owes to Coverdale's Testament many of those readings which it afterwards transmitted to the great Translation of 1611, the obligation of EngUsh-speaking Christians to Rheims is in no wise diminished. But it is not -without interest to learn that we are able to trace the ultimate source of so much that went to buUd up the fabric of our EngUsh Bible, to a Version which can more properly be caUed native and our o-wn. For the coincidences of the Genevan version with Coverdale's Testament exhibited in Table HI, an explanation may per haps be found in the fact that Coverdale was one of the translators of the former Bible. In collating the versions, for Rheims and the Bishops', I have used Fulke's edition of 1601, already refeiTed to, which arranges the two translations conveniently in paraUel columns. I have also coUated throughout the first edition Making of the English Bible 31 of Rheims, 1.583, and frequently referred to the 1584 edition of the Bishops' Bible. For the Genevan version I had before me the edition of 158a. For Whittingham, Cranmer and Tyndale I have availed myself of Bagster's English Hexapla 1 841, in which these three versions are printed side by side with Rheims and the Authorized, — Whittingham (-wrongly named Geneva in the Hexapla) being a copy of the (only) edition, 1557, Cranmer of the first edition, 1539, Tyndale of the edition of 1534. For Matthew I have consulted the second edition of 1537 ; for Coverdale, the edition of 1550, which, with a few obvious misprints, is a reproduction of the original edition of 1535, to which I have also referred. For Coverdale's Latin-English Testament, I have coUated his own revised edition of 1538 ; for Taverner and Tomson, the editions of 1539 and 1591 respectively. I have not retained the original spelling either of the Authorized or of the other versions, except in a few cases in which an obsolete word or form was used, as for example •wanne,''axed,"auauntage,"sythence,''strengthed,' ' other'(for •or'), 'egalnes,' 'leafuU,' 'fordelles,' 'peax,' 'withouten,' 'harbe- rous,' ' aduoutrie,' ' washen.' To have reproduced the exceed ingly capricious etymology of the versions would not have helped the investigation, and would have rendered the second r^'Column tediously and needlessly cumbrous, as it would fre quently have required several entries where one now suffices. The Tables annexed give the sum total of the issue of my inquiry. They speak for themselves as to the intimate relationship, hitherto insufficiently acknowledged, which exists between the Authorized and Rhemish Versions. If one were to assess the degree of obligation due from the former to the latter, it might, I think, fairly be said, that while the Translation of 1611 in its general framework and language is essentially the daughter of the Bishops' Bible, which in its turn had inherited the nature and lineaments of the noble line of English versions issuing from the parent stock of Tyndale's, yet -with respect to the distinctive touches which the Authorized New Testament has derived from the earUer translations, her debt to Roman Catholic Rheims is hardly inferior to her debt to puritan Geneva. 32 The Part of Rheims in the I now proceed to set down some of the results whicli an Analysis of the Comparative Tables yields. Section II, Analysis of Comparative Tables. (a) Vulgate-Latin Infiuence. I. In the first place, one cannot but be struck by the large number of words which have come into the Authorized Version from the Vulgate through the medium of the Rhemish New Testament. The partiaUty the Rhemists openly avowed in their Preface for the close reproduction of the language of the Vulgate, which, in its extreme manifestation, caUed forth the just censure of the Royal Translators, has nevertheless left-. its broad mark upon the later Version. To mention some of the more remarkable instances of this. In Mark iv. 13, 'be converted' (convertantur) has replaced the ' turn ' of former translations, a change which the Revised Version has not approved. In three additional passages, Mark viu. 19, 30, Luke ix. 17, John vi. 13, 13, 'fragments' (fragmenta) is found for * broken meat,' We read ' ruin ' ' (ruina) instead of ' fall,' Luke vi, 49 ; ' cure ' (curare) instead of 'heal,' Matt. xvu. 16, 18, Luke ix. i; 'founded' {fundata} instead of 'grounded,' Matt. vii. 35, Luke vi. 48, In numerous passages ' revealed ' (revdare), ' manifested ' (manifestare) and their cognates have dispossessed ' opened,' ' declared,' ' shewed,' &c.. Matt. X. a6, John i. 31, xiv, ai, 33, Rom. ii. 5, viii. 18, I Cor. xi. 19, 3 Cor. iv, 3, i Pet, i. 5, 30, i John ii. 19, iii 10, &c. 'Famine' (fames) has been preferred to 'dearth' or ' hunger,' Luke xv. 14, xxi. 1 1 ; ' derided ' (deridebant) to • mocked,' &c., Luke xvi. 14, xxiii. 3^ ; ' usury ' to ' vantage,' Matt. xxv. 37, Luke xix, 33 ; ' adorned ' (ornatum) to ' garnished,' &c., Luke xxi, 5, Rev, xxi, 3 : see i Tim, ii, 9, 1 Pet. iii. 5 ; ' terrified ' (terreri) to ' afraid,' Luke xxi. 9 : see 3 Cor, X. 9, Phil. i. 38 ; ' altered ' (altera) to ' changed,' Luke ix. 39; 'exalted' (exaltaberis) to 'lifted up,' Matt, xi, 33; * the descent * ' (descensum) to ' the going down,' Luke xix. 37 ; 'descending' (descendens) to 'coming down,' Acts x, 11 : see Luke iii. aa. Rev. xi. 7 ; | ' malefactor ' which has been taken ^ Thick type marks words which are new comers into the EngUsh New Testament. 2 New in this sense. Making of the English Bible 33 over by R. from the Vulgate of John xviu. 30, has supplanted ' evildoer ' there, and in Luke xxiii. 3 a where the Vulgate has 'nequam.' 'More tolerable' (tolerabilius or remissius) has taken the place of ' easier,' Matt. x. 15, xi. 33, 34, Luke x. 13, 14, We find ' elect ' (electos) for ' chosen,' Rom, viii. 33 ; ' tribes ' (tribus) for ' kindreds,' Matt. xxiv. 30 ; ' vesture ' {vestem) for ' coat,' John xix. 34 ; ' adjure ' (adiuro) for ' charge ' or ' require,' Matt. xxvi. 63, Mark v. 7 ; ' named ' (nominavit) for 'caUed,' Luke vi. 13; 'appoint' (ponet) for 'give' or 'set,' Matt. xxiv. 51, Luke xii. 46; 'numbered' (annumeratus) for ' counted,' Acts i. 36 ; ' dispersed ' (dis- persi) for ' scattered abroad,' Acts v. 37 ; ' dismissed ' (dimisd) for ' departed ' or ' sent forth,' Acts xv. 30, see xix. 41 ; • apprehended ^ ' (apprehendisset) for ' caught,' Acts xii. 4, see 3 Cor. xi. 33 ; ' testify ' (testificatus) for ' bare witness,' Acts iij 40, see Heb. ii. 6 ; ' testimony' (testimonium) for 'witness,' ' record,' &c.. Matt. viii. 4, Luke v. 14, John v. 34, Acts xiii. 33, xxii. 18, Heb. iii. 5, xi. 5, Rev. i. 9, &c. ; 'the expectation' (exspectatione) for ' the waiting for,' Acts xii. 1 1 ; ' expecting ' (exspectans) for 'tarrying,^ Heb. x. 13; 'commendeth' (com,- mendat) for ' setteth out,' Rom. v. 8 ; ' commend ' (commen- dant) for 'praise,' 3 Cor. x. 13 ; 'be sober' (sobrii) for 'keep measure' or 'be in our right mind,' 3 Cor. v. 13; 'rule' (regulam) for 'measure' or 'line,' 3 Cor. x. 15; 'appear' (appareamus) for ' seem,' 3 Cor. xiii. 7 ; ' centurion ' (centurio) for 'captain' or ' undercaptain,' Acts x. i, 33; 'generation' (generatione) for ' time,' Acts xiii. ^6 ; ' colony ' (colonia) — here R. gives the Latin form without change — for ' a free city ' or the paraphrase (G.) ' whose inhabitants came from Rome to dweU there,' Acts xvi. 13^; 'sign' (signum) for ' badge ' or ' token,' Matt. xxvi. 48, Acts ii. 19, see xxviii. 1 1 ; 'clemency' (dementia) for 'courtesy,' Acts xxiv. 4; 'prin cipal' (principalibus) for 'chief,' Acts xxv. 33; 'signify' (significare) for ' shew,' Acts xxv. 37, Rev. i. i ; ' conformed to' (conformari) for 'fashioned like unto,' Rom. xii. a, see vui. 39 ; ' confidence ' (confido) for ' trust,' Gal. v. 10 ; ' divine ' (divinae) for 'godly,' 3 Pet. i. 3, 4, ' New in physical sense. ' The Greek gives the Latin term untranslated, Ko^avia. 34 The Part of Rheims in the We now read 'emulation' (aemulandum) instead of the former 'envy' or 'zeal,' Rom, xi, 14; 'remission' (remis- sionem) instead of ' forgiveness/ Rom, iii, 35 ; ' spectacle ' (spectaculum) instead of the more forcible ' gazing-stock,| I Cor. iv. 9 ; ' grain ' (granum) instead of ' corn,' i Cor. xv. 37 ; 'abound' (abundetis) instead of 'be plenteous' or 'have plenty,' 3 Cor, viii. 7, Phil, iv. 18; 'more abundantly' (ahundantius) instead of ' most of aU,' 3 Cor, i, 13, see i Cor. xii, 33, 34, I Thess, ii, 17; 'dissolved' (dissolvatur) instead of ' destroyed,' 3 Cor. v. i ; ' eontemptiWe ' (contemptibilis) instead of 'nothing worth,' &c,, 3 Cor, x, 10; 'sound' (sanae) instead of 'wholesome,' i Tim, i. 10, 3 Tim, i. 13, iv, 3, Tit. i. 9, ii. X, 8 ; 'form' (formam) instead of 'pattern' or ' ensample,' 3 Tim. i, 13^; 'avoid' (devita) instead of 'put from thee,' 3 Tim, ii, 33 ; 'patient' (patientem) instead of ' suffering evil,' &c., 3 Tim, ii, 34, We have 'just' {iusii) for ' righteous,' Rom. ii, 13, Tit. i, 8; 'justified' (iustificari) for 'made righteous,' Gal. ii, 17; •direct' (dirigat) for 'guide,' i Thess, iii. 11, 3 Thess. ui. 5; ' approve ' (probave-ritis) for ' allow,' i Cor, xvi. 3, see Rom. ii. 18, 3 Cor. X. 18, Phil, i, 10; 'impart' (impertiar) for ' bestow,' Rom. i, 11 ; ' humble me ' (humiliet) for ' bring me low,' 3 Cor, xii. 31 ; ' enmity ' (' enmities ' R.) (inimicitias) for 'hatred,' Eph. ii, 15, 16; ' compacted '(' compact ' R.) (com- pactum) for 'coupled,' Eph, iv. 16; 'iniquity' (iniquitaiis) for 'wickedness,' James iii, 6; 'offend' ('offendeth' R.) (offendat) for 'fail' or 'sin,' James ii, 10, iii. 3; 'meditate' ('upon' A.) {meditare) for 'have a care of or 'exercise,' I Tim. iv. 15; 'incontinent' (incontin,entes) for 'riotous' ' intemperate,' &c,, 3 Tim. iii. 3 ; ' person ' (persona) for 'sight' or 'room,' 3 Cor, ii, 10; ('free A) course' (currat) for ' free passage,' 3 Thess, iii, i ; ' alienated ' (aliewdi) for 'strangers' or 'far off,' Col. i. 31 ; 'illuminated' (illuminati) for 'received light,' Heb. x, 33; 'use ('using' R.) hospitality ' (hospitales) for ' be ye harberous,' i Pet, iv. 9 ; 'reserved' (reservari) for 'kept,' 2, Pet. ii. 4; 'propitiation' (propitioiio) for 'atonement' or ' reconciUation ' or 'agree-: » Here 'form of sound words' replaces 'pattern' or 'ensample of wholesome words.' Making of the English Bible 35 ment,' &c., i John ii, 3, iv, 10 ; ' have confidence ' (fiduciam) for 'be bold,' i John ii, a8, see iii. 3i, v, 14: 'doctrine' (doctrina) for ' learning,' Rev. ii. 34 ; ' voice ' (vocem) for ' sound,' Rev. xiv. 3 ; ' delicacies ' (ddiciarum) for ' ptleasures,' Rev. xviii, 3, see 7,9;' merchandise ' (merces) for ' ware,' Rev. xviii. ii, I3 ; 'fountain' (fonte) for 'well,' Rev. xxi. 6, We find ' glory ' (gloria) in the room of ' royalty ' or 'praise,' Luke xii. 37, i Cor. xi. 15,3 Tim. iv, 18, i Pet, ii. 30 ; ' glory ' (gloriamur) in that of ' rejoice ' or ' boast,' Rom, V. 3, 3 Thess. i. 4, see Rom, iv. a, xv. 17, i Cor. ix. 15, 16; 'question' (conquirere) in that of ' dispute,' Mark viii. 11, ix. 10, 14, 16, see i. 37 ; ' stand ^ ' (stabit) in that of ' endure ' or ' continue,' Matt, xii, 36, Mark iii. 35, a6 ; ' render ' (reddite) in that of ' give reward ' or ' recompence,' Matt. xxii. 31, Mark xii. 17, Luke xx, 35, Rom, ii, 6, xiii. 7, i Cor. vii. 3, i Thess. V. 15 ; ' subject' (suhiicirjbntur) in that of ' subdued,' 'obedient,' &c., Luke X. 17, 30; 'remaining' (manentem) in that of ' tarrying still,' John i, ^^i ' entered ' (intravit) in that of 'went,' Luke xvii, 37, see Matt. x. 11, Mark vii. 17; ' malignity ' (mcdignitate) in that of ' evil conditioned ' or ' taking all things in the evil part,' Rom. i. 39, 'Elements' (elementis) is preferred to 'rudiments,' 'ordi nances,' &c., Gal. iv. 3, 9 ; ' contain (themselves,' R), (continent) to ' abstain,' i Cor. vii, 9 ; ' judgeth ' (iudicat) to ' discemeth ' or ' discusseth,' i Cor, ii, 15; 'judged' (iudicavi) to 'deter mined,' I Cor. V. 3 ; ' expedient ' (expediunt) to ' profitable,' 1 Cor. vi. 13; 'necessity' (necessitatem) to 'need,' i Cor. vii, 37 ; 'interpret' (interpretetur) to ' expound,' i Cor, xiv,5 ; 'convinced' (convincitur) to 'rebuked,' i Cor. xiv. 34; see Acts xviii. 38 ; ' sincerity ' (sinceritate) to ' pureness,' 3 Cor, i. 13 ; 'sedition' (seditionem) to 'insurrection,' Luke xxiii, 19, 35 ; ' desert place ' (deserium) to ' wildemess ' or • solitary place,' Mark vi, 31, Luke ix, 10; 'torments' (tormentis) to ' gripings,' Matt, iv, 34 ; ' letters ^ ' (litteras) to ' the Scriptures,' John vu. 15 ; ' ministry' (ministerio) to ' office,' Acts xii. 35, Heb. vui. 6, see Rom. xii, 7 ; ' magistrates ' (magistratus) to ' officers,' ' rulers,' &c., Luke xii. 1 1, Acts xvi, 30, 33, 35, 36, 38 ; ' Anglo-Saxon, but suggested by the Latin cognate, " New in this sense. D3 36 The Part of Rheims in the ' infirmity' (m/rmifafe) to 'disease,' Lukexui. la, see John v. 5; ' confirmed ' (confirmaverunt) to ' strengthened,' Acts xv. 32, see 41 ; ' covet ' (concupisces) to 'lust,' Rom. vii. 7 ; 'salute' (salutate) to 'greet,' Rom, xvi. 14; 'communicate ' (communicet} to ' minister ' or ' distribute,' Gal. vi. 6, see Heb. xiii. 16 ; ' com munication ^ ' (communicatio) to ' fellowship,' Philem. 6 ; 'access' (accessum) to 'an entrance,' Eph. ii. 18, iii. 12; ' sanctification ' (sanctificatio) to ' holiness,' i Thess. iv. 4 ; ' traditions ' (traditiones) to ' ordinances ' or ' instructions,' 3 Thess. ii. 15, see iii. 6 ; ' second' (secundum) to ' double' or ' one , , , more,' 3 Cor. i. 15 ; ' sobriety ' (sohrrietate) to ' modesty,' * discrete behaviour,' &c., i Tim. ii. 9, 15 ; ' parents ' (parentes) to ' elder kinsfolks,' ' kindred,' &c., i Tim. v. 4 ; ' seducers ' (seductores) to ' deceivers,' a Tim. iii. 13 ; ' seduce' (seducunt) to 'deceive,' i John ii. 36, see Rev. ii. 30 ; 'had compassion' (compassi) to 'suffered also,' 'sorrowed,' &c,, Heb. x. 34; ' substance ' (substantia) to ' ground ' or ' sure confidence,' Heb. xi. I ; ' translated him ' (transtuUt) to ' taken him away' ; 'before his translation' (translationem) to 'before he was taken away ' Heb. xi. 5 ; ' contradiction ' (contradictionem) to ' speaking against,' Heb. xii. 3, see Acts xiii. 45 ; (' most R.) peaceable ' (pacatissi-mum) to ' quiet,' Heb. xii. 11 ; ' confess ' (eonfitemini) to ' acknowledge ' or ' knowledge,' James v. 16, I John i. 9 ; 'dominion ' (dominationem) to ' rulers ' or ' govern ment,' Jude 8 ; ' tribulation ' (trihulatione) to ' adversity ' or 'affliction,' Rev. ii. 33; 'incense' ('incenses' R.) (incensa)^ to ' odours,' Rev. viii. 3, 4 ; ' admiration ' (admiratione) to ' marvel,' Rev. xvii, 6. The Marginal Readings (see Table II) in which A. has followed R. are mainly of this character — words traceable to the Vulgate. Thus ' simple ' (simplices) is given in the margin as an alternative for 'harmless' in the text, Matt. x. 16; ' Gentile ' (gentilis) for ' Greek,' Mark vii. 36 ; ' excuse ' (excu- sationem) for ' cloke,' John xv. 33 ; ' author ' (auctorem) for ' prince,' Acts iii. 15 ; ' consent ' (consentiunt) for ' have plea sure,' Rom. i, 33 ; ' passions ' (passiones) for ' motions,' Rom, vii. 5; 'concupiscence' (concupiscentiam) for 'lust,' Rom. vii. 7 ; ' testaments ' (' testament ' R.) (testamentum) for ' cove- ^ New in this sense. Making of the English Bible 37 nants,' Rom. ix, 4; 'discerneth' (discernit) for ' doubteth,' Rom, xiv, 33; 'revelation' (revelationem) for 'coming,' I Cor, i, 7 ; ' persuasible ' (persuasibUibus) for ' enticing,' 1 Cor, ii, 4 ; ' edified ' (aedijicabitur) for ' emboldened,' i Cor, viii. 10 ; 'veil' (velamine) for ' covering,' i Cor. xi 15 ; 'judg ment ' (ivdicium) for ' damnation ' or ' condemnation,' i Cor. xi, 39, 34, James iii. i ; ' an abortive ' (ahortivo) for ' one born out of due time,' i Cor, xv, 8; ' rule' (regula) for 'line,' 3 Cor. X. 16 ; 'prepared' (praeparavit) for 'ordained,' Eph. ii. 10 ; ' incorruption ' (incorruptione) for ' sincerity,' Eph. vi. 34 ; ' elements ' (elementa) for ' rudiments,' Col. ii, 8, 30 ; ' prejudice ' (praeiudicio) for ' preferring one before another,' 1 Tim, V, 31 ; 'distributions' (distributionibus) for 'gifts,' Heb, ii. 4 ; ' interposed ' (interposuit) for ' confirmed,' Heb. vi. 17;' perfected ' (perfectum) for ' consecrated,' Heb. vu. 38 ; 'glory' (glorietur) for 'rejoice,' James i. 9, see i Thess, u. 19 ; ' dominion ' (domi-nationem) for ' government,' 3 Pet, ii. 10 ; ' persuade ' (suadehimus) for ' assure,' i John iii. 19 ; ' princi pality ' (principatum) for ' first estate,' Jude 6 ; ' sign ' (signum) for 'wonder,' Rev, xii. i, 3 ; ('the R.) fornications' (fornicationum) for 'harlots,' Rev. xvii, 5. I may refer also to I Cor. X. 6, Phil, ii, 39, i Tim. v. 6, Rev. xi. 18. In these and subsequent quotations from Table II the earUer versions sometimes vary from the text of A., but in no case do they agree -with R. and A. margin. An analysis of the renderings peculiar to Genevan, Rhemish and Authorized Versions (Table III) adds the following to the list of passages which have felt the influence of the Latin Bible. ' Parents ' (parentes) is introduced instead of the paraphrase 'fathers and mothers' or of 'elders,' Matt. x. 21, Mark xiii. 12, Rom. i. 30, Heb. xi. 23 ; 'tumult' (tumultus) takes the place of ' business,' ' unquietness,' &c.. Matt, xxvii. 24, Acts xxi. 34, xxiv. 18 ; 'preached' (praedicavimus) of ' uttered ' or ' shewed,' Acts xv. 36 ; ' reprobate ' (reprobum) of lewd,' 'convenient' (conveniunt) of 'comely,' Rom. i. 28 ; 'debt' (debitum) of ' duty,' Rom. iv. 4 ; ' simplicity ' (simplicitate) of ' singleness,' Rom. xii. 8 ; ' be contentious ' (contentiosus) of ' strive,' i Cor. xi. 16 ; ' contention ' (con- Eph. i. 21 ; ' entire ' (integri) of ' sound,' James i. 4 ; ' humble ' Qiumilibus) ' New as verb. 38 The Part of Rheims in the of ' lowly,' James iv. 6. "We find ' reveal ' (revelare) for ' open,' &c.. Matt. xi. 27, xvi. 17, Luke x. 21, John xii. 38, Rom. i. 17; 'be converted' (eonversi) for ' turn,' Matt, xviii. 3 ; ' reverence ' (verebuntur) for 'stand in awe of or 'fear,' Matt. xxi. 37; 'elect' (electos) for 'chosen,' Matt. xxiv. 31; 'stand' (stare) for 'endure,' Mark iii. 24, Luke xi. 18, Rev. vi. 17; 'testify' (testetur) for 'vritness" or 'warn,' Luke xvi. 28 ; ' enter' (intretis) for 'fall,' Luke xxii. 40, 46 ; 'conferred' (conferebant) for 'counselled' or 'communed,' Acts iv. 15 ; 'persuadeth' (persuadet) for ' counselleth,' Acts xviii. 13 ; 'instructed ' (instructus) for 'informed,' Rom. ii. 18; 'abound' (abundaret) for 'increase,' 'he rich,' &c., Rom. V. 20, XV. 13, 2 Cor. i. S, viii. 7, ix. 8 ; ' subject ' {subiecta) for ' obedient,' &c., Rom. viii. 7 ; ' admonish ' (monere) for ' exhort,' Rom. xv. 14 ; ' confirm ' (conflrmabit) for ' strengthen,' i Cor. i. 8 ; ' permit ' (per- miserit) for ' suffer me,' I Cor. xvi. 7 ; ' formed ' (formetur) for ' fashioned ' or 'imprinted,' Gal. iv. 19; 'created' (creatus) for 'shapen'or 'made,' Eph. iv. 24, Col. iii. 10. 'Glory' (gloria) has succeeded to 'royalty,' Matt. vi. 29 ; ' fornications ' (fomicationes) to ' whoredoms,' Matt. xv. 19 ; ' face ' (faciem) to ' outward appearance ' or ' fashion,' Matt. xvi. 3 ; 'desert' (deserto) to 'vrildemess,' Luke ix. 12; 'armour' (artna) to 'harness' or 'weapons,' Luke xi. 22; 'generation' (generatione) to 'nation' or 'kind,' Lu'ke xvi. 8 ; 'sign ' (signum) to 'token,' John ii. 18 ; ' idolatry ' (idololatriae) to ' worshipping of idols' or 'images,' Acts xvii. 16 ; ' centurions ' (centurionibus) to ' under captains,' &c.. Acts xxi. 32, xxiii, 17, 23, xxiv. 23, xxvii. 31, 43 ; 'iniquities' (iniquitates) to 'unrighteous nesses,' &c., Rom. iv. 7, Rev. xviii. 5, see Tit. ii. 14; ' dominion' (domi- nabitur) to ' power,' Rom. vi. 9, 14, vii. i ; ' redemption ' (redemptionem) to ' deliverance,' Rom. viii. 23 ; ' famine ' (fames) to ' hunger,' Rom. viii. 35, Rev. xviii. 8 ; ' severity ' (severitatem) to ' rigorousness,' Rom. xi. 22 ; ' covet' (concupisces) to ' lust ' or ' desire,' Rom. xiii. 9 ; 'sincerity' (sin- ceritatis) to ' pureness,' &c., i Cor. v. 8, 2 Cor. ii. 17 ; ' doctrine ' (doctrina) to 'teaching' or 'learning,' i Tim. v. 17, 2 John 10; 'confession' (con- fessionem}to 'profession,' &c., I Tim. vi. 13 ; 'contradiction" (contradic- tione) to 'controversy,' &c., Heb. vii. 7 ; ' mountains' (montium) to ' hills,' Rev. vi. 15,16; ' torment ' (tormentum) to ' punishment,' Rev. xviii. 7, 10. 3. It wUl be observed that the Vulgate-Latin word suggested by the Rhemists has frequently taken the place of some other Latin or French-Latin word. We also note a few instances in which the Vulgate-Latin expression has dispossessed a modified form derived from the same root. Thus ' edification ' (aedificationem) has succeeded to ' edifying,' i Cor, xiv, 3 ; ' equality ' (aequalitas) to ' egalness,' 3 Cor. viii. 14 ^ ; ' humility ' 1 In the only other passage (Heb. xii. 3) where ' contradiction ' occurs it is peculiar to R. and A., see above, p. 36. 2 Here the phrase ' by an equality ' replaces ' that there be egalness.' Making of the English Bible 39 (huTnilitate) to 'humbleness,' Acts xx. 19, Col, ii, 18, 33, see I Pet, V, 5 ; ' malice ' (m,alitiae) has been preferred to ' maUciousness,' i Cor, v. 8, xiv, 30, Eph, iv, 31, Col. iu, 8, Tit, iii, 3, X Pet. u. i ; 'an entrance ' (introitus) to ' an entering in,' 3 Pet. i. II , ' The testator ' (testatoris) has taken the place of 'him that made the testament,' Heb, ix, 16 ; 'a mixture' (Tniocturam) of ' mingled together,' John xix. 39 ; ' neglect not ' (negligere) of ' be not negligent in,' i Tim. iv. 14 ; ' unction ' (unction^m) of ' anointing ' or ' ointment,' i John ii. 30 ; 'revelation' (revebationem) of 'reveaUng,' Rom. xvi. 35^. In Table III (G.=R.=A.) we find another instance of 'edification' (aedificationem) for ' edifying,' Rom. xv. 2 ; also ' sufficiency ' (sufficien- tiam) for ' sufficient,' 2 Cor. ix. 8 ; and ' sanctification ' (sanctificatio) for ' sanctifying,' i Thess. iv. 3, 2 Thess. ii. 13, 3. Under this head may be placed those instances in which R. and A. have followed the Vulgate in reproducing the Greek word. Thus 'hymn' (h-ymno) appears for 'psalm,' 'song,' ' grace,' &c.. Matt, xxvi, 30, Mark xiv, 36 ; ' syeomore ' (syco- morum) for ' wild fig,' Luke xix. 4 ; ' austere ' (austerus) for 'strait' or 'hard,' Luke xix, 31, 33; 'thrones' (thronos) for ' seats,' Luke xxu. 30 ; ' Areopagus ' (Areopagrmi) for ' Mars' street,' &c.. Acts xvii, 19 ; ' theatre ' (theatrum) for ' common hair or 'open place,' Acts xix. 39, 31 ; 'Nazarenes' (ISfazare- norum) for 'Nazarites,' Acts xxiv. 5; 'Crete' (Gretae) for 'Candle,' Acts xxvu. 7, 13, 13, ai ; ' mystevieB' (m-ysteriorum) for 'secrets,' i Cor. iv, i, xiii, 3; 'schism' (schisma) for ' strife ' or ' division,' i Cor. xii. 35. In Table II (R.=A. marg.) we read 'scandals' (scandala) for ' things that offend,' Matt. xiii. 41 ; ' scandal ' (scan- dalum) for ' occasion of stumbUng,' 1 John ii. 10 ; ' Peter ' (Petrus) for ' a stone,' John i, 42 ; ' orphans ' (orphanos) for 'comfortless,' John xiv, 18; 'of Python' (' Pythonical ' R.) (p-ythonem) for ' of divination,' Acts xvi. 16 ; ' schisms ' (schis- mata) for 'divisions,' i Cor. i. 10, see xi 18; 'anathema' (anathema) for ' accursed,' i Cor. xii. 3 ; ' keeping of a sab bath ' (' sabbatism ' R.) (sabbatismus) for ' rest,' Heb, iv, 9. ' G. also has ' revelation ' here, but the full reading of A. ' according to the revelation of ' is found in R. only. 40 The Part of Rheims in the Table III (G.=R.=A.) adds 'throne' (thronus) for 'seat,' Matt. v. 34, xxiii. 22, Heb. i. 8 ; 'parable ' (parabolam) for 'similitude,' Mark vii. 17, Luke viii. 9, xii. 41, xiv. 7; 'blasphemed' (blasphemattir) for 'evil spoken of,' Rom. ii. 24 ; 'Pentecost ' (Pentecosten) for 'Whitsuntide,' &c., I Cor. xvi. 8. 4, Another way in which the Vulgate has through R. affected the language of A. maybe seen in the literal translations of Latin phrases which have been taken over from the earlier by the later version. In Luke x, 34 where the Greek is irreixeX-qdri avTov, ' took care of him,' the Rhemists' direct rendering of ' curam eius egit ' has displaced the ' made provision for him ' of the older versions. In Luke xx. 34 (h-yajiCa-KovTai) we find 'are given in marriage,' a reproduction of traduntur ad nuptias, for ' are married.' In Matt. xvi. 33 ("lAet^s trot) we read, ' be it far from thee ' (absit a te) for ' favour thyself or ' look to thyself ' ; in Mark x. 53 (o-^o-w/ce vijs Ta-vTrjs) ' when this voice was made ' (facta autem hac voce) is the marginal reading for 'when this was noised abroad,' In Table III (G.=R.=A.) I may refer, under this head, to Luke xx. 21 (koI oi Xafi^dvfK jrpocramov) where et non accipis personam translated by R. ' and thou dost not accept person ' appears substantially, though in slightly varying forms, in G. and A. for ' neither considerest thou the outward appearance of any man,' &c. ; also to 2 Cor. ix. 8 (irturav xap'" TTtpwaevaai.) where omnem gratiam abundare facere is reproduced in * G. has ' God was not pleased.' ^ Other Vulgate-Latin words -will be found under later sub-sections. Making of the English Bible 41 G. R. A. as ' to make all grace (to G.) abound ' — former versions having ' to make you plentiful (rich) in all grace ; ' also to Mark xv. 40, where the familiar designation ' the less,' applied to James the son of Alphaeus, which supersedes ' the little,' the more accurate rendering of roC fUKpov, may be traced to the Vulgate ' minoris.' (h) English in place of Latin words. It should, however, be noted that in sundry cases in which A, has felt the influence of R,, R, reversing its characteristic method, has used a home-born or long-naturaUzed word when the earUer translations preferred a term of Latin origin, some times even the very expression, or its congener, which the Rhemists found in the Vulgate and passed by. Thus ' blessing ' has taken the place of ' lauding,' Luke xxiv. 53 ; ' blessedness ' of ' felicity,' Gal. iv. 15 ; * strengthening ' of ' comforting ' (con- fortans), Luke xxii. 43 ; ' stock ' of ' generation ' (generis), Acts xiii. 36 1 ; ' praise ' of ' commend,' i Cor. xi. 3 ; ' building (up A.) ' of ' edify ' (superaedificantes), Jude 30 ; ' tried ' of ' examined,* Rev, ii, 3 ; ' borne ' of ' suffered,' Rev, ii. 3, see a Cor. xi. i. We find ' set ' instead of ' ordained,' i Cor, xii, 38 ; ' know ' instead of ' perceive,' 3 Cor. ii, 4 ; ' witness ' instead of ' record,' i Thess. ii, 5 ; ' better ' instead of ' more excellent,' Heb. i. 4 ; ' unskilful ' instead of ' inexpert ' (expers), Heb. v. 13 ; 'heavenly' instead of ' celestial ' (coelestem), Heb, xii, 33 ; ' think (of A.) us ' instead of ' repute us,' 3 Cor. x. 3. Some expressive Saxon compounds have succeeded to single Latin words, as ' stirred up ' to ' moved ' (commoverunt), Acts -vi. 13, xxi. 37, see xiii. 50, Luke xxiii. 5; 'taken away' to ' exalted,' Acts viii, 33 ; ' set on (upon R.) thee ' to ' invade thee,' Acts xviu. 10. In Table III (G.=R.=A.) we flnd 'garment ' for 'vesture' 1 Matt. ix. 20, 21 ; ' gain ' for ' lucre,' i Tim. vi. S ; ' according to the flesh ' for 'carnally' (secundum camem), 2 Cor. i. 17. (c) Modernizations. The suggestions of the Rhemish New Testament in the direction of modernization have frequently been accepted by the Authorized. In many passages of A,, in which the archaic word or phrase of the older versions no longer appears, its successor is found first in R, ' In Phil. iii. 5 ' stock ' replaces ' kindred ' or ' people.' See below, p. 78, 42 The Part qf Rheims in the I. In some cases the expressions thus superseded have disappeared altogether, at least in the same sense, from the New Testament. So it was when ' moisture,' adopted from R., took the place of 'moistness,' Luke viii. 6; when 'trouble not' was substituted for 'disease not,' Luke viii. 49; 'cutting him self for ' aU to cutting himself,' Mark v. 5 ; ' to be (much A.) displeased with ' (' at ' R.) for ' to disdain at,' Mark x. 41 ; ' are ye (you R.) angry at ^ ' for ' disdain ye at,' John vii. 33 ; ' outside ' for ' utterside,' Matt, xxiii, 35 ; 'to make war ' for 'to make battle,' Luke xiv, 31, Rev, xix. 19; 'musick' for ' minstrelsy,' Luke xv. 35 ; ' which . . to gainsay ' for ' whereagainst ' or * against the which ' to ' speak,' Luke xxi. 15 ; ' four hundred ' for ' a four hundred,' Acts v, 36 ; ' what man is there ' for ' what man is it,' Acts xix, 3^; 'at the least ' for ' at the least way,' Acts v, 15 ; ' gain ' for ' vantage,' Acts xvi. 16, Phil. iii. 7 ; ' it seemeth to me ' for ' me thinketh it,' Acts xxv. 37; 'raised' for 'stirred,' Rom, ix. 17; 'have sorrow ' for ' take heaviness,' 3 Cor. u. 3 ; ' distresses ' for ' anguishes,' 3 Cor. xii. 10 ; ' who did hinder (hath hindered R.) you ' for ' who was a let unto you,' Gal, v. 7 ; ' senses ' (sensus) for ' -wits,' Heb. v, 14 ; * adorned ' (ornahant) for ' did , , tyre,' i Pet. iii, 5 ; ' bear^' for ' forbear,' Rev, ii. 3 ; ' under standing' for 'wit,' Rev. xiii. 18, Table III (G.=R.=A.) contributes ' departed ' for ' gat him ' or ' went their way,' Matt. xix. i. Acts xvii. 15 ; 'saw ' for ' spied,' Matt. xxii. 11 ; ' devil ' for 'fiend,' Mark v. 15 ; ' brought up ' for ' nursed,' Luke iv. 16 ; ' sat' for 'set him' or ' sat him down,' Acts xii. 21 ; ' toward man ' for ' to manward,' Tit. iii. 4. 3. But, in general, it is the recurrence of antiquated ex pressions, still represented in A., which the example of R. has checked. Thus ' anon ' has been discarded in favour of ' after ward ' or ' immediately' or ' quickly,' Mark iv. 17, 39, Rev, xi, 14 ; ' after ' has been replaced by the more modern ' according to,' Matt. xxv. 15, Luke ii. 33, John xviii. 31, see Acts xxu. 13, Rom. i. 4; 'them,' as a reflexive pronoun, by 'them selves,' Matt. xiv. 15; 'grudged' by ' murmured,' Mark xiv. 5 ; ' coasts ' has yielded to ' country,' Luke iii. 3 ; ' privy ' to 'secret,' Luke xi. 33; 'the halt go' to 'the lame walk,' Luke 1 G. has ' be ye angry with.' 2 T. has ' bear with.' Making of the English Bible 43 vii. 33 ; 'the remnant' or 'the other' to 'the rest,' Luke xii. 2,6, xxiv. 9, Acts V. 13, xxvii. 44, 1 Cor, vu. 13, Rev. ix. 20 ; ' the uttermost ' or ' the utmost ' to ' the very last,' Luke xii. 59 ; ' goodman ' to ' master,' Luke xiv, 31 : ' feUows ' to ' feUow servants,' Matt, xviu. 38, 39, 31, 33, xxiv, 49 ; 'go about' to ' seek,' John vii, 35, viii, 40 ; ' went about ' to ' sought,' Mark xii, 13, Luke xx. 19, John x. 39; 'season' to 'time,' Matt. xxv, 19 ; ' instantly ' to ' much,' Mark v. 10 ; ' the blind ' to ' the blind man,' Mark x. 49, 51 ; ' the Just ' or ' that Just ' to the ' Just One,' Acts vu. 53 ; ' aforehand ' to ' beforehand,' Mark xiii. 11 ; ' platter ' to ' dish,' Mark xiv. 30. The curious rendering ' much babbling's sake ' has given way to ' much speaking,' Matt, vi, 7 ; ' be , . athii-st ' to ' thirst,' John iv. 14 ; ' my very disciples ' or ' verily my disciples ' to ' my disciples indeed,' John viii. 31 ; ' know to give ' or ' can give ' to ' know how to give,' Matt. vii. 1 1 ; 'we will hear ' to ' we desire to hear,' Acts xxviii. aa ; ' for thy wealth ' to ' to (unto R.) thee for good,' Rom. xiii. 4 ; ' that I speak ' to ' that which I speak,' 3 Cor. xi, 1 7 ; ' amiss ' to (' but A.) not weU,' Gal. iv. 1 7 ; ' which are not comely " to 'which they ought not,' i Tim. v. 13 ; ' do adultery ' to ' commit adultery' (' aduoutrie ' R.), James ii, 11. The preposition ' of,' used in the sense of ' by ' or ' from,' has been frequently replaced by one of these words. Matt. xii. 38, Luke ii. 18, John xv, 36, James ii, 34, 3 Pet. i. 17, Rev. ix, 18, fee; 'how that' has yielded to 'that,' Heb. x. 34, James iv. 17, 1 Pet. v. 13 ; 'which,' referring to a personal antecedent, has repeatedly been succeeded by the more modern ' who,' Mark iv. 16, Luke xxiu. 19, Acts iv. 36, x. 41, Rom. i. 35, I Cor. X. 13, 1 Thess. v. 10, 34, 3 Thess. ui. 3, &c. ; ' the which '¦ by ' which,' Heb. xii. 14. The participle ' drunken ' has been modernized into ' drunk,' Rev. xviu. 3 ; 'jeopardy ' into ' danger,' Acts xix. 40 ; ' deep ness ' has given place to ' depth,' Rom. xi. 33, see Rev. ii. 34 ; 'quick ' to ' living,' Rom. xiv. 9 ; ' let ' to ' hindered,' Rom. XV. 33 ; ' fulfiUed,' as a strong form of ' fiUed,' has been changed into the simpler verb, CoL i. 9 ; 'manslayer' has given way to ' murderer,' i John iii. 15 ; ' reckoning ' to ' account,' Acts xix. 40; 'damned' to 'condemned,' Tit. iii. 11 ; 'haply' or 'perchance' to 'perhaps,' Philem. 15; 'vexed' to 'tor- 44 The Part of Rheims in the mented,' Rev. ix. 5, xi. 10; 'mete' to 'measure,' Rev. xi. I, 3; 'waxed' to 'became' or 'were made,' Rev, xviii. 15, see vi. 13, Luke viii. 34. I should mention here the almost complete dispossession of ' other,' as a plural form, by ' others.' For instances see Matt. xxi. 8, Mark vi 15, Luke v. 39, John vii. 13, Acts xvii, 34, I Cor. ix. 3, 37, Heb. xi. 35, &c. In Table III (G.=R.=A.) we read 'know' for 'wot,' Matt. xx. 22, Luke xxii. 60, xxiii. 34, John iv. 22, xii. 35, xiii. 12, xx. 13, Rev. vii. 14 ; ' sought ' for ' went about,' Luke xix. 47 ; ' according to ' for ' after,' 'as pertaineth to,' &c., John vii. 24, Rom. i. 3, ix. 3 ; ' knew ' for 'had know ledge,' John xii. 9; '-witnesses' for 'records,' Acts v. 32 ; 'murmuring' for ' grudge,' Acts -vi. I ; 'wash ' for ' wash thee,' John ix. 7 ; ' strengthened' for 'comforted,' Acts ix. 19; 'is able' for 'is of power,' Rom. xi. 23; ' living' for 'quick,' Rom. xii. I; 'rejoicing' for 'merry,' 2 Cor. vi. 10; 'fill' for 'fulfil,' Eph. iv. 10; '-winepress' for 'winefat,' Rev. xix. 15; ' the rest ' for ' the other,' Rev. xx. 5 ; ' to shine in * for ' to lighten,' Rev. xxi. 23 ; 'that' for 'how that,' I Thess. iii. 6, James iii. i, 2 Pet. iii. 5, 8 ; 'who ' for 'which,' Matt. x. 4, Acts vii. 46, Rom. iv. 16, i Cor. i. 8, Gal. ii. 20, Col. iv. 9, &c. ; 'others' for 'other,' Mark xii. 9, John ix. 9, 16, X. 21, xii. 29, Acts ii. 13, 2 Cor. viii. 8, see Luke xxiii. 35. (d) Archaisms. A few instances, of the reverse kind, where antiquated ex pressions have been introduced into A from R, may be found, ' If haply ' replaces ' to see if ' or ' whether,' Mark xi. 13, see Acts xvii 37 ; 'to the end they might not ' ousts the more modern- sounding ' that they should not,' Acts vii. 19 ; ' inso much that we desired ' is found instead of ' that we should desire ' or ' so that we could not but desire,' 3 Cor, viu, 6 ; ' foretell ' instead of ' tell before,' 3 Cor. xiii. a, see Mark xiu. 33; 'without' instead of 'out of,' Heb. xiii, 13; 'thereof instead of ' of it,' Rev, xxi. 33, ' Slain ' instead of ' kiUed,' Rev, V. 6, 9, I a, vi, 9, may also be mentioned. Table III (G.=R.=A.) adds 'impotent ' for ' sick,' Acts iv. 9 ; 'would exclude you ' for ' intend to exclude you,' Gal. iv. 17 ; ' slain ' for ' killed,' Rev. xiii. 8. (e) Improvements. Hitherto in my citations the Rhemish Translation, followed by the Authorized, has been considered from other points of view than that of being an improvement, or otherwise, on the Making of the English Bible 45 rendering of the earlier versions. Generally speaking, in the changes taste rather than accuracy was involved. I come now to cases in which readings suggested by the Rhemists plainly emend faulty or defective translations handed down by the English traditional interpretation. I, And first, as regai-ds vocabulary, the following are manifest improvements : ' came ' (eA.flwi') for ' went,' Matt. iv. 13 ; ' come ' (I'KQtiv) for ' go,' Matt. xvi. 34 ; * gather ' (pidr)aav) for ' have been bUnded,' ' are blinded,' &c., Rom, xi, 7 ; ' were broken (off A.) ' (^^- iK\&iTd-r]) instead of 'words,' John ii. 22, Rev. iii. 10 ; ' captives ' (ai.;(/xa\(iTotr) instead of ' captive,' Luke iv. 18 ; ' sins ' (d/iapi-mtr) instead of ' sin,' John ix. 34. Also ' these things ' instead of ' this' where the Greek is ralra, John xv. 17, 4. A. has foUowed R. in giving force to the Greek article in a few cases in which previous versions have ignored it. Thus we read 'the furnace,' Matt, xiii. 50; ' the -wind,' Matt. xiv. 30; 'the seeds,' Mark iv. 31 ; 'the Baptist,' Mark vi, 34; 'the seven,' Mark xii, 33, 33, Rev, xvii. 7 ; 'the Scribes,' Mark xiv. 43; 'the oxen,' John ii. 15; 'the king,' 3 Cor, xi. 33; 'the fulness,' Eph, iii. 19; 'the saints,' Col. i. 4; 'the truth,' Col, i. 5 ; ' the heavens,' Heb. iv. 14 ; ' the faithful witness,' the prince,' Rev. i. 5 ; ' the , , manna,' Rev. ii. 17 ; ' the nations,' Rev. ii. 36 ; 'the two . , the two,' Rev. xi, 4. In all these passages the earlier translators have omitted the article though prefixed in the Greek, To this section may be added — ' the same rule ' for ' one rule,' Phil. iii. 16 ; ' the same (selfsame R.) mouth ' for 'one mouth,' James iii. 10 ; 'the same ' for 'them,' Heb. ii. 14; 'the body' for 'his body,' Matt, xiv, la ; 'the days' for 'those days,' Mark xiii, ao ; ' the things ' for ' those things,' Rom. xiv, 19 ; ' the false prophet ' for ' that false prophet,' Rev. xix. ao. Table III (G.=R.=A.) adds 'the power,' Luke x. 19; 'the king," John xii. 13; 'the saints,' Rev. viii. 4; 'the fountains,' Rev. viii. 10; also 'the five' for 'those five,' Matt. xvi. 9; 'the nine' for 'those nine,' Luke xvii. 17; 'the bread ' for ' that bread,' John vi. 50 ; ' the brother ' for "¦ that brother,' 2 Cor. viii. 18; 'the Father ' for ' my Father,' John xvi. 25 . 5. Some instances of a converse kind should also be noticed in which the article, as not being expressed in the Greek, is omitted by the Rhemists, and after them by A., though incorrectly inserted in the earlier versions. Thus we find the improved renderings 'death' for 'the Making of the English Bible 49 death,' Matt. xxvi. 38, Mark xiv, 34, Rev, u, 10 ; ' angels ' for 'the angels,' Matt. iv. 11, i Cor. vi. 3, a Pet. ii. 11 ; 'justifi cation' for 'the justification,' Rom. v. 18; * heirs' for 'the heirs,' Rom. viii. 17 ; 'vapour' for 'the vapour,' Acts ii. 19; • faith ' for ' the faith,' Rom. iii, 33 ; ' Israelites ' for ' the IsraeUtes,' Rom. ix, 4 ; ' evil men ' for ' the evil men,' 3 Tim, iii. 13 ; 'regeneration ' for ' the regeneration,' Tit. iu, 5 ; ' a shadow' for 'the shadow,' Heb. x. i ; ' promises ' for ' the promises,' Heb. ^- 33 ; * women ' for ' the women,' Heb. xi. 35 ; ^ mount Sion ' for ' the mount Sion,' Heb. xii. 33 ; ' a dragon ' for ' the dragon,' Rev. xiii. 1 1 ; ' prophets,' ' saints ' for ' the prophets,' ' the saints,' Rev. xvui, 34 ; ' priests ' for ' the priests,' Rev. xx. 6, 6. A marked characteristic of the earlier English versions of the New Testament is their constant neglect to pay attention to bi as a connecting particle in narrative. This defect, which makes their sentences jerky and disjointed, has been largely remedied in the Rhemish, and subsequently in the Authorized Version. In a large number of passages bk is represented in both versions by ' and' prefixed to the sentence. As specimens, let me refer to the following verses in Table I. Mark xii. 39, Luke i. 6, xviii. 15, John xi. 51, Acts ii. 13, Rom. xvi, 30, I Pet. iv. 17, We also frequently find the pai-ticle recognized in R. A., but represented by a different word in each version, ' and ' being generally favoured by R. and ' now ' by A. See, for instances, Luke vii, i, viii. 11, John xix. 35, Cor. xvi, I, Phil, iv. 30, i Thess. v, 14, Heb, xiii, 30. In Table III (G.=R.=A.) see Matt. xi. 12, Luke xii. 25, Acts xix. 30, Cor. xiii. 13, 2 Cor. ix. 8, Gal. iv. 6, &c. 7. Among miscellaneous improvements in translation sug- ;ested by the Rhemish version I may mention the general ¦endering of oAos 6, by ' the whole,' instead of by ' aU the,' as n previous versions. In Luke viii, 39 we have ' the whole ity' (oX-qv TTjv noXiv) instead of 'all the city'; in Matt. vi. 33 thy whole body' (oXov to a-apta eov) instead of ' aU thy body ' ; n John iv, 53 ' his whole house' (fi olda ovtov oXt)) instead of 'all ds household ' ; in Rev, xii, 9 ' the whole world ' (ttjv oIkov- Jvr}v oXrjv) instead of ' all the world' ; see also Matt, xiii 33, ilark vi. 55, Luke xiu. ax, Eph. iv. 16, James iu, a, &c. 50 The Part of Rheims in the Similarly, ' every ' has succeeded ' all ' (with a plural noun) as a rendering of was. Thus in Rom. xiv, ii irao-a yAdio-cra, ' every tongue' has taken the' place of ' all tongues ' ; in i Cor. xvi, 1 6 TTaiTt tS avvepyovvTi, ' every one that helpeth' appears; instead of ' all that help ' ; in PhU. iv. ai ' every saint ' (wwto tywv) is read for ' all the saints ' ; in Rev. v, 13 ' every creature ' (¦nav KTia-pa) supplants ' all the creatures.' The R. A, rendering ' give me to drink ' (bos juot Tnelv) is to be preferred to the former ' give me drink,' John iv, 7> 10 ; ' I know not ' (ovk olba) is better than ' I cannot teU,' John ix, 13, 35, see 31 ; 'know this' ('this know' R.) (yLvda^Ken} than ' of this be sure,' Matt, xxiv, 43, see Luke xii, 39, xxi,, 20 ; 'we (do A.) know ' (yivaa-Koixev) than ' we are sure,' i John ii. 3. ' What manner of stones ' (worawot Ai^ot) gives the sense more clearly than 'what stones,' Mark xiii. i ^, see i Pet. i. 11, I John iii. i ; ' what manner of men ' (otoi) than ' after what manner,' i Thess, i, 5 ; 'in the midst ' (ev tQ p-io-ia) than 'before them,' Acts iv, 7 ; ' the rest of the apostles ' (tovs Xoittovs aiToa-ToXovs) than ' the other apostles,' Acts ii, 37 ; ' one voice ' (vox) ((pavT) p,la) than a ' shout,' Acts xix, 34 ; ' thy (thine R.). ©¦wn soul ' (poX6yrjaev) ' promised ' : 'consented'; Luke xxii, 50 (a^eiAer) 'cut off': 'struck off,' ' took away,' &c, ; Acts vi. a (apeo-ro'i') ' reason ' : ' good ' or ' meet ' ; Acts viii. ao (xrao-^ai) ' purchased ' : ' obtained ' ; Rom. viii. 35 (dXl^jris) ' distress ' : ' anguish ' ; Rom. xi. 33 (a-vveKXei(rev) ' concluded ' (conclusit) : ' shut up ' ; 3 Cor. v. 9 (evbrjpovvTes eire eKbripovvres) ' present or absent ' (' absent or present ' E.) (absentes siue praesentes) : ' at home or from home ' ; a Cor. xi. I (acppotruvrj), 'folly^': 'foolishness'; I Tim. iii. 13 (kavTOLs ¦nepiTToiovvTai), ' purchase to themselves ' : ' get them selves ' ; I Tim. vi. 4 (TeTV(j>caTaL), ' proud ' : puft up ' ; Heb. xiii. 5 (dv&), ' leave ' : ' fail ' ; Rev. xv. 3 (ddXaaa-av vaXivriv), ' sea of glass ' : ' glassy sea ' ; Rev. xv. 6 (Xap-npov), ' white ' : ' bright,' see xix. 8 ; Rev, xxii. 6 (yeve(79ai), ' done ' : ' fulfilled.' From Table II (R, = A. marg.) ' things ' for 'sayings ' (p-qpara), Luke i. 6^, should perhaps be mentioned here. 3. Some of the foregoing examples have involved points of grammar : other cases also may be noted in which the gram matical accuracy of R. A. is inferior to that of the earlier versions. In James ii. 5 (e^eXe^aro) ' hath promised ' supplants the more correct ' promised ' as a rendering of the aorist. Com pare also. Rev. i. 6 (erroCria-ev) 'hath made' and ' made' ; Rev. xviii. 7 (ebo^airev) ' hath glorified ' and ' glorified.' In i Cor. ix. 15 'have I written ' is no improvement on ' I write' (eyparjra) ; nor in Phil. iv. 10 is 'rejoiced ' any emendation of 'rejoice' (exap-qv) (epistolary aorists). In Luke vii. 16 ' And, that ' (koI 1 In 2 Tim. iii. 9 ' folly ' replaces ' madness ' (see below, p. 78). Making of the English Bible 55 on) for ' and,' disregards the Greejk idiom introducing oratio recta, recognized by the older versions. In Matt. v. 48, ' be ye (you R.) therefore perfect' is a blundering. alteration, inspired by the Vulgate estate, of the old rendering ' ye shaU therefore be perfect' (ia-ecrOe). Rev, vi. 17 shows a parallel mistake, ' shall be able ' (Vulgate poterit) replacing ' is able ' (Swarat), Table II (R.= A. marg.) suppUes an instance in Acts i. 8, 'the power (virtue R.) of the Holy Ghost coming upon you ' for 'power after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you.' Here R. and A margin foUow the Vulgate viriutem, supervenientis Spiritus sancti, in translating erreXdovTos tov 'AyCov Hvevparos as depending upon bvvapiv, and not as a genitive absolute. 3. Other obvious blunders in translation which first appear in R. are, ' might be rich ' for ' might be made rich ' (-nXov- TTjcrqTe), 3 Cor. viii. 9 ; ' another ' for ' yet another ' — which brings out the force of irpoo-eflero, Luke xx. 11;' that bread,' suggested by the Vulgate pane illo, for ' the bread ' (tov dpTov), I Cor. xi. 38 ; similarly ' this world ' (hunc mundum) for ' the world ' (tov Koa-pov), I Tim, vi. 7 ; ' who now rejoice ' (qui nunc gaudeo) for ' now rejoice I ' (vvv xa'P"*)) Col. i. 34. ' Darkness ' is a bad exchange for ' the dark' or ' the darkness ' (r-rj eKorCa), John xii. 35 ; 'a certain disciple ' for ' a certain woman, a disciple,' which better expresses the meaning of pa6-qTpia, Acts ix. 36-; 'by the Holy Ghost ' for ' through the Holy Ghost' (bia YlveupaTos 'kylov), 3 Tim. i, 14; 'for which cause' (propter quod) for 'wherefore' (810'), 3 Cor. iv. 16; ' for this cause ' (propter hoc) for ' unto this purpose ' (els tovto), I Pet. iv. 6 ; ' whereupon ' for ' wherefore ' or ' for which cause also' (odev), Acts xxvi. 19, Heb. ix. 18. 'By whom' (per quern,) is probably not so correct as ' whereby ' (81' o5). Gal. vi. 14. 'Rich' does not bring out the predicative force of nXova-lovs, SO well as ' that they might be rich,' James ii. 5. 'The love (charity R.) of God' replacing the simple 'love' (r^i; dydi^-qv), I John iii. 16, is clearly prompted by the Vulgate caritatem Dei. 4. We meet with a few instances in which A. foUo-wing R. misled generally by the Vulgate, adopts an inferior reading to that preferred by the earlier versions. In Mark viii. 34 ' I see 56 The Part of Rheims in the men (as it were E.) trees walking ' {^ideo homines velut arbores ambulantes) has taken the place of ' I see men : for I perceive them walk as they were trees ' — where the former translations rightly accept the text with on and 6p&. In i Pet. i, 34 'thereof (e^^^s) — the reading a-vrov being adopted — has been added to ' the flower,' In Rev. vii, i ' these things ' (Tavra) (haec) is found instead of ' that ' (tovto) ; in Rev. x, i ' a rain bow ' — the article being wrongly omitted — instead of ' the rainbow' (q Tpis). In Rev. xxii. 16 'bright and' (splendid^ et) (kuC incorrectly inserted) instead of ' bright.' Table III (G.=R.=A.) shows the following less correct renderings:— ' To be seen ' instead of ' to the intent that ye would be seen ' (irpbs to SenBrivdi), Matt. vi. I ; ' is made ' instead of ' is become one ' (yhriTai), Matt, xxiii. 15;' beginning ' instead of ' and began ' (koI being ignored), Luke xxiii. 5 ; ' said ' instead of ' said unto him '. — the reading which omits avra being followed — John iv. 17 ; 'of you' instea,d of 'on your behalf (virip ipSiv), 2 Cor. ix. 2; 'before God' instead of 'in the sight of God' (KaT€vasiziov Beov), 2 Cor. xii. I9. (g) Participial Construction Introduced. I, Another indication of the influence which R. has exerted upon A. may be traced in certain passages in which a participle has succeeded to a conjunction and finite verb. Thus in Mark xvi. 5 R. A. have 'entering into ' (introeuntes), the earlier versions ' when they went into ' or ' they went into . . and,' see Mark vii. 15. Compare also ' lest coming ' with ' lest if he come ' or ' that he come not , . and,' Mark xiii. 36 ; ' seeing Jesus ' with ' when he saw Jesus ' or 'when he had spied Jesus,' Luke v, 1 2 ; ' straightway (forthwith R.) coming up ' with ' as soon as he was come up,' Mark i. 10 ; 'casting away (offR.) his garment' with ' when he had thrown away his cloke ' or ' he cast away his garment from him . . and,' Mark x. 50 ; ' having received ' ¦with 'when he had received' or 'as soon ... as he had received,' John xiii. 30 ; ' having received ' with ' after he had received,' John xviii. 3 ; ' being warned ' with ' after he was warned,' Matt, ii 33 ; ' going ' with ' when he was gone ' or ' he went . . and,' Matt. iv. 31 ; 'beckoning' with 'when he had beckoned' or ' he beckoned , . and,' Acts xu. 17 ; ' John departing ' with ' John when he departed ' or ' John departed . . and,' Acts xiii. 13; 'receiving' with 'when they had received' or 'received Making of the English Bible 57 , , and,' Acts xvii. 15; 'finding' with 'when we had found,' Acts xxi. 4 ; ' dwelling ' with ' when he had dwelt ' or ' and dwelt,' Heb. xi. 9; 'having saved' ('saving' R.) (salvans) with ' after that he had delivered,' Jude 5 ; ' being turned ' with 'when I was turned,' Rev. i. 13. See also Luke iu. 31, vi. 10, -viii. 15, Acts viii. 38, xv. 3, Col. ii. 14. Table III (G.=R.=A.) has 'looking up ' for 'when he had looked up ' or ' looked up . ; and,' Mark vii. 34. 3. Sometimes the construction, thus superseded by a par ticiple, has been a finite verb generaUy followed or preceded by ' and,' as in the alternative renderings of earlier versions given above, I may also instance Luke xxiv, 37, where ' beginning ' has supplanted ' he began , . and ' ; Matt. xiv. 19, where we find 'looking up' for 'looked up.' In Mark x. ai we have 'Jesus beholding him' for 'Jesus beheld him and'; in Acts ix. 31 ' walking ' for ' walked , , and ' ; in Acts xi. 30 ' preaching ' for ' and preached ' ; in Acts xix. 9 ' disputing ' for ' and disputed ' ; in Acts XX. 10 ' embracing him (he R.) said ' for ' embraced him and said' ; in Acts xxv. 15 'desiring' for 'and desired'; in 3 Cor. iv. 10 'always bearing about' for 'we always bear about ' ; in 3 Cor. v. 6 'knowing' for ' and know' ; in Col. ii. 19 'not holding' for 'holdeth not' ; in i Tim. v. 31 'doing nothing' for 'and do nothing'; in James v. 14 'anointing' (' anoiling ' R.) for ' and anoint ' ; in i Pet. i. 8 ' whom having not seen ye (you R.) love ' for ' whom ye have not seen and yet love him ' ; in 3 Pet. ii. 5 ' bringing in ' for ' and brought in'; in Jude 7 'going after' for 'and foUowed.' See also Acts xx-vii 16, Rom. i. 37. 3. I have included in Table I those passages in which A., varying from the traditional rendering, has followed R. in adopting a participial construction, but has not accepted R.'s choice of verb. Most frequently, when this has been so, A. has retained the verb or one of the verbs used in the older versions. For instance, in Mark vii. 31 we find ' again depart ing ' A., ' again going out ' R., for ' when he was departed again or ' he departed again . . and.' Here, in addition to a similar construction of sentence, the change of the position of ' again is common to R. and A. Mark x. 37 has ' looking upon them A., ' beholding them ' R., for ' when he had looked upon them 58 The Part of Rheims in the or ' looked upon them and.' We may also compare ' caUing unto him ' A., ' sending for ' R., with ' when he had called unto him ' or ' called unto him . . and,' Mark xv. 44 ; ' bruising him ' A., 'renting him' R., with 'when he hath bruised him,' Luke ix. 39 ; ' being astonished ' A., ' marvelling ' R., with ' and was astonied,' Acts xiii. 13 ; ' having passed ' A., ' having gone ' E., with passed . . and,' Acts xix, i ; ' entering ' A., ' going up ' E., with ' we entered . , and,' Acts xxvii, 3 ; ' taking my leave of them ' A., ' bidding them farewell ' R., with ' when I had taken my leave of them ' or ' I took my leave of them and,' a Cor. ii. 13 ; 'having seen' A., 'beholding' R., with 'when they had seen' or 'saw,' Heb. xi. 13; 'knowing this first' A., 'un derstanding this first ' R., with ' so that ye first know thia ' (note the position of ' first '), a Pet. i. 3o ; ' suffering ' A,, ' sustaining ' R., with ' and suffer,' Jude 7, ifb) Lrieral Henderings. One of the characteristics of the version of Rheims, upon which the translators dwell with considerable complacency in their preface, is its Uteralness. In their devotion to this — in their care to render word by word — ^they have at times gone so far as to make their version uninteUigible to the ordinary English reader. The Royal Translators have avoided this error, but they have frequently availed themselves of the more literal interpretation of R. where the older versions have expressed the sense loosely or in paraphrase, I, For example, in Luke viii, 14 (qbov&v roC ^lov) ' pleasures of this Ufe ' gives the meaning more accurately than ' volup tuous living ' or ' voluptuousness of this life.' In Acts xix, 32 (avyKexvpevri) ' confused ' (' confuse ' R.) (confusa) has replaced the paraphrase 'all out of quiet' or 'all out of order.' In Rom. i. 5 (els ¦v-naKOTqv -nicnems) ' for obedience to the faith ' is more Uteral than ' that obedience might be given to the faith.' In Rom. ii. 30 (dcppovoiv) ' the foolish ' is a simpler rendering than ' them which lack discretion ' ^ : compare i Cor. x. 15 (us povLpois) where ' as to wise men ' has supplanted ' as unto them which have discretion.' In James i. 5 (prj oveibiCovTos) ' up- braideth not ' has been preferred to ' reproacheth no man ' or ' Co. alone has ' the unwise.' Making of the English Bible 59 ' casteth no man in the teeth.' In James v. 30 (vXdvr\s libov avrov) we read ' the error (errore) of his way ' instead of going astray out of his way ' ; in i Pet. iv. a (roz; e-nlXonrov xpdvov) ' the rest of his time ' instead of ' as much time as remaineth ' ; in i Cor. xii. a8 (bvvdpeis) ' miracles,' instead of ' them that do mii-acles ' or ' doers of miracles ' ; in Tit, ii. 8 (d e£ evavrias) ' he that (which R.) is of (on R.) the contrary part ' instead of ' he which withstandeth'; in i Tim. i. 15, iv. 9 (Trao-rjs airo8ox^s a^tos) ' worthy of aU acceptation (acceptione) instead of ' by all means worthy to be received.' In the latter passage also 'a faithful saying ' takes the place of ' a true ' or ' sure saying.' Other instances of more literal renderings suggested by R. are Mark v.43 (e/cordo-et peydXy) 'with (a A.) great astonishment ' for ' out of measure ' ; Mark v. 43 (bodrjvai mTjj tpayelv) ' that something should be given her to eat ' for ' to give her meat ' ; Luke i. 8 (ev ttj rd^et rjjs e<^-qpepias avTov) ' in the order of his course ' for ' as his course came in order ' ; Luke i. 10 (i7po.o-euxo'- pevov e^a>) ' praying without ' for ' without in prayer ' ; Luke xii. ^5 (Ka-uecov lorat) ' there wiU be heat ' for ' it will be hot ' or 'we shall have heat' ; Mark xv. 33, 34 (pe6eppr\vev6pevov) ' being interpreted ' for ' if a man interpret it ' or ' by interpre tation,' see Matt, i. 23 ; Matt. xxii. 16 (y aXr]6eCa) ' in truth ' for 'truly'; John iv. 10, 11 (vbcop (&v) 'living water' for ' water of life,' see John vii. 38 ; Luke ii. 37 (ev tw Uve^vpaTi) ' by (in R.) (the A.) Spirit ' for ' by inspiration ' or ' by inspira tion of the Holy Ghost ' ; Mark i. 17 (bevTe o^nCa-oi pov) 'come (ye A.) after me ' for ' follow me ' ; Mark v. 14 (at be ^otrKovres TOVS xolpovs) ' they that fed the swine' ('them' ^ R.) for ' the s-wineherds ' ; Luke iv. 36 (n's 6 Xoyos ovtos) ' what (a A.) word is this ' for ' what manner of saying is this ' ; Luke xii. 49 (tL SeXai) ' what -wiU I ' for ' what is my desire ' or ' what would I rather ' ; Luke xxii. 59 (topas pids) ' one hour ' for ' an hour ' ; Luke xxiv. a 8 (ov e-jTopeuovTo) ' whither they went ' for ' which they went unto ' ; John iii. 38 (juaprDpeire) ' bear me witness ' for ' are my witnesses ' ; Acts i. 33 (hs e-neKX^qOq) 'who was surnamed ' for ' whose surname was ' ; Acts ii. 7 (FaAiAaiot) ' GalUeans ' for ' of GaUlee ' ; Acts iii. 3i (xpdvcav d^rroKaTaeTacreios -ndvToiv) ' the times of (the R.) restitution (restitutionis) of all things ' for ' the ' R. follows the better reading airois. 6o The Part of Rheims in the time that all things be restored'; Acts iv. 3 i^ia-novovpevoi) 'being grieved 'for 'taking it grievously'; Acts xu. 13 (rqv Bvpav TOV TivX&vos) ' the door of the gate ' for ' the entry door' ; Acts xvi, 31, xviii. 8 (oTkos) ' house ' for ' household,' see i Tim, iii. 13; Acts xxvii 41 (epeivev da-dXevTos) 'remained unmove- able ' for ' moved not,' ' abode fast unmoved,' &c. ; Acts xxviu. 10 (ttoAAois npoLs hiprja-av rjpds), ' honoured us with many honours ^ ' for ' did us great honour ' ; Rom. vui, 31 (v-nep f]pQ>v) ' for us ' for ' on our side ' ; Rom, xi. 35 (dwd pepovs) ' bUndness in part' (ex parte) for 'partly blindness,' see 3 Cor. i. 14, ii. 5; Rom. xii. 16 (pri tu -inj/rjXd povovvTes) 'mind not (not minding R.) high things ' for ' be not high minded ' ; Rom. xv. 34 (edv ¦np&rov) ' if first ' for ' after that ' or ' but so that . . , first ' ; i Cor. xii. io(evepyqpaTa bvvdpewv) 'the working of miracles ' for 'power to do miracles ' ^ ; 3 Cor. vii. 4 (ttoAA^ poi Kavxqo-is) ' gi'eat (much R.) is my glorying ' {gloriatio) for ' I glory greatly ' ; 3 Cor. viii. 8 (Ae'yo)) ' I speak' for ' this say I ' ; 3 Cor. x. 6 (eKfii/c^o-ai) ' to revenge ' for ' wherewith to take vengeance on,' ' the vengeance against,' &c, ; 3 Cor. x. 15 (eXniba exovTes) ' having hope ' for ' hoping' ; Col, iv, 11 (poi napqyopLa) 'a comfort unto (to R.) me ' for ' unto my consolation ' ; Eph. ii, 3 (xara rdi' apxovra t^s f^ova-Cas TOV depos) ' according to the prince of the power of the (this R.) air ' for ' after the governor (prince) that ruleth in the air' ; Eph. ii, 14 (rb pecroToixov tov paypov) 'the middle wall of (the R.) partition (between us A.) ' for ' the middle wall that was a stop between us ' or ' the stop of the partition waU ' ; Eph. V. 15 (^Xe-TTere) ' see ' for 'take heed ' ; 3 Thess. iii. 14 (Adyu) ' word ' for ' doctrine ' or ' sayings ' ; Heb. vii. 1 1 (Tris Aev'iTiKrjs lep(0(T-vvqs) ' the Levitical priesthood ' for ' the priesthood of the Levites ' ; Heb.xi.4 (kuI 6t' avrijs) ' and by it ' for ' by which also ' ; Heb. xi, 19 (Xoyia-dpevos) ' accounting ' for ' for he considered ' ; Heb, xi. 36 (-neTpav eXa^ov) 'had trial of for 'were tried with' or ' suffered ' or ' tasted of ' ; Heb. xii. i (oyKov navTo.)' every (all R.) weight ' for ' all that presseth down '; Heb. xu. 15 (ima-KOTTovvTes p; Tis) ' looking diligently lest any man ' for ' taking heed that no man,' &c. ; Heb. xiii. 19 (roCro TTot^o-at)' to do this' for 'that ' Multis honoribus nos honoraverunt. " G.'s very literal rendering, ' the operations of great works,' has not been followed by R. or A. Making of the English Bible 6i ye so do' ; James i. 31 (rhv Ip^-vrov Xoyov) 'the engrafted (en- graffed R.) word ' for ' the word that is graffed in you ' ; James i. 36 (pr] xaXivaywy&v) ' and bridleth not ' (' not bridling ' R.) for ' and refraineth not' ; James iii. x6 (koI -ndv) ' and every ' for ' all manner of,' see i Pet. ii. 13 ; James iv.ii (ttoitjttjs) ' a doer ' for ' an observer ' ; 3 Pet. iii. 9 (jix^ ^ovXopevos nvas) ' not wilUng that any ' for ' forasmuch as he would have no man,' ' and will not that any man,' &c. ; i John ii. 1 7 (-noi&v) ' doeth ' for ' f ulfiUeth ' ; Jude 16 (kuI to orTopa) ' and their mouth ' for 'whose mouths'; Rev.ii. 14 ((j)ayeiv) ' to eat ' for ' that they should eat' ; Rev. xiii. 1 3 (ttjv e^ova-iav tov irpdrov drjplov rrda-av) ' all the power of the first (former R.) beast ' for ' aU that the first beast could do ' ; Rev. xvii. 4 (iTOT-qpiov -xpva-ovv) ' a golden cup ' for ' a cup of gold ' ; Rev. xvii. 14 (per avrov) ' with him ' for ' on his side ' ; Rev. xviii. 14 (Xap-irpd) ' goodly ' for ' had in price ^.' In Phil. ii. 3 zeal for Uteralness has led to the translation of eavr&v by ' themselves,' though ' each ' has preceded : here the earlier versions have 'himself as required by the EngUsh idiom. Table II (R. = A. marg.) furnishes several instances under this head. We read 'debtors ' (debitores) (6(f>eiXeTai) for ' sinners,' Luke xiii. 4; 'troubled himself (hdpa^ev eavrdv) for 'was troubled,' John xi. 33 ; ' Herod's foster brother ' (' the foster brother of Herod ' R.) ('Hpw8ou o-wrpo^os) for 'which had been brought up with Herod,' Acts xiii. i ; ' sat there ' (sedii) (eKddiae) for ' con tinued there,' Acts xviii. 11; 'in you ' (ev vplv) for ' with you ' and ' among you,' Rom. i. 13, 13 ; ' according to charity ' (koto dydnriv) for ' charitably,' Rom. xiv. 15 ; ' kinds ' (yevr\) for ' diver sities,' I Cor. xii. 38 ; 'of spirits ' (¦!:vevpdTwv) for ' of spiritual gifts,' I Cor. xiv, 13 ; ' put in us ' (Bepevos) for 'committed unto us,' 3 Cor. V. 19 ; ' according to God ' (Kara @e6v) for ' after a godly manner,' 3 Cor. vii. 9 ; ' bowels ' (a-irXdyxvd) for ' inward affection,' 3 Cor, vii. 15 ; 'of the might of his power ' (tov Kpd- Tovs Tqs la-x-vos avTov) for 'of his mighty power,' Eph. i. 19 ; 'in a (this R.) chain ' (ev dXiiaei) for ' in bonds,' Eph, vi. 30 ; ' the Son of his love ' (tov vlov ttjs dydirTjs avrov) for ' his dear Son,' Col. i. 13 ; uncertainty of riches ' (¦nXo-urov dbrjXoTrin) for ' uncer tain riches,' i Tim. vi, 17 ; ' the word of hearing ' (d Adyos r^s ^ G. has the more literal ' excellent.' 62 The Part of Rheims in the dKojJs) for 'the word preached,' Heb, iv, 3; 'the word of the beginning of Christ ' (rbv rrjs dpx^s tov XptoroC Adyov) for ' the principles of the doctrine of Christ,' Heb, vi, i ; ' thou hast fitted; (to R.) me ' (xarrjpTio-M poi) for ' hast thou prepared me,' Heb. X, 5 : ' evils ' (kuk&v) for ' evU,' James i, 13 ; ' weU (or seemly A.) ' (/caAws) for ' in a good place,' James ii. 3 ; * other ' (eripas) for ' strange,' Jude 7 ; ' slain ' (ea-(j)aypivr]v) for 'wounded,' Rev. xui, 3. Turning to Table III (G.=R.=A.) we find 'from two years (yearG.R.) old ' (awo dicTovs) for ' as many as were two years (year) old,' Matt. ii. 16 ; ' and nothing shall ' (koI oiSiv) for 'neither shall anything,' Matt. xvii. 20 ; 'saying' (XiyovTos) for 'which saith,' Matt. xxii. 31 ; 'from the dead' (fK vfKpav) for 'from death,' Mark vi. l6 ; ' salted with salt ' (dW &\i.adr\- (Tfi-ai) for ' seasoned with salt,' Mark ix. 49 ; ' those that love them ' (tovs ayorravTos ovtovs) for ' their lovers,' Luke vi. 32 ; 'do not the things * (o) for 'do not as,' Luke vi. 46 ; 'it' (ovrfjv) for 'them,' Luke xi. 32; 'this man' (ovtos) for 'he,' John vii. 15 ; 'knew' (iyva) for 'perceived,' John xvi. 19 ; ' cometh ' (epxcToi) for ' draweth nigh,' John xvi. 32 ; ' called to be saints ' (kX^toIs dyiots) for ' saints by calUng,' Rom. i. 7 ; ' according to the flesh' (koto aapKo) for 'carnally' or 'bodily,' 2 Cor. i. 17, Eph.vi. 5, Col. iii. 22 ; ' such as we are ' (oZ>l ia-jifv) for ' as we are,' 2 Cor. x. 11 ; ' that it may be well ¦v^ith thee ' (eS trot yivqTai) for ' that thou mayest prosper ' or 'be in good estate,' Eph. vi. 3 ; ' see your face ' (faciem), (Iheiv vfj.a>v TO TrpotrtBTToj') for ' see you personally' or ' presently,' I Thess. iii. 10 ; ' to the good . . but also to the ' (toIs iyadots . . aWa xai tois) for ' if they be good . . but also though they be,' i Pet. ii. 18 ; 'jasper stone' (\i0a laoTTiSt) for 'jasper,' Rev. xxi. 11. a. Under this head I should include those passages in which A., accepting in general the form of R.'s more literal rendering, has made important changes in it. Thus in Mark v. a6 (is oiSa), ' trusting this I know ' R., ' having this confidence I know ' A., for 'this I am sure of; CoL i. 36 (d-nh t&v aldvotv Kal otto t&v yevf&v), ' from worlds and generations ' R., ' from ages and from generations ' A., for ' since the world began and since the beginning of generations,' &c. ; i Pet. ii. 17 (rrji^ abeX(})6rqTa aya-iraTe), 'love the brotherhood ' ('fraternity' R.), for 'love brotherly friendship ' ; i Pet, iii, 31 (o-wetS^o-ecos dyadr]s eirepuTqpa els ®e6v), ' the answer (examination R.) of a good conscience toward God ' for ' in that a good conscience maketh request (consenteth) to God,' &c. ; 3 Pet. ii. 10 (avddbeis), ' self-pleasers ' R., ' selfwilled ' A., for ' and stand in their own conceit,' &c. ; i John ui, 9 (dpapriav ov iroteT), ' committeth not sin ' R,, 'doth not commit sin' A., for ' sinneth not ' ; Rev. xviii. 6 (bi-nXdeaTe avrfj bL-irXd), ' double ye double ' R., ' double unto her double ' A., for ' give her double ' ; Rev, xxii,. 3 (els deparreCav t&v eOv&v), ' for the curing of the Gentiles ' R,, ' were for the healing of the nations ' A,, for ' served to heal the people withal ' ; 3 Thess. iii. 8 (edyopev), ' have we eaten bread' R., ' did we eat . . , bread' A,, for 'took we bread' ; Phil. ii. I ((T-nXdyxya /cai olKTippoL), ' bowels of commiseration ' R., ' bowels and mercies ' A., for ' compassion and mercy ' — an ill-judged concession to the fancied requirements of literalism. See also i John iu, 17, (i) Concise Renderings. In the earUer versions a perceptible tendency may be observed to insert words which have no equivalents in the original with the object of elucidating or emphasizing the sense. If A. is comparatively free from this tendency, which ignored the difference between translation and exegesis, its obligations in this respect to the literaUsm of R. should not be passed over. In numerous passages we find the concise renderings of R. reproduced in the later version. I. Thus in Mark iv. 15, R. A. have ' by the wayside.' The simplest of former translations is that of T. ' that are by the wayside ' ; while B, has ' that received seed 64 The Part of Rheims in the by the wayside,' and C. the involved ' whereof some be rehearsed to be by the wayside.' In Luke xxiii. 41 ' we indeed justly ' (iuste) has replaced ' we truly are righteously punished.' In John xviu, 33 ' but if weU ' appears instead of ' but if I have well spoken ' ; in Mark iii, 8 ' they about Tyre ' instead of ' they that dwelt about Tyre ' ; in i Cor. xiii. la ' then face to face ' for ' then shall we see face to face,' Other instances are Matt. xvii. 5, ' a voice ' for ' there came a voice ' ; Matt. xxi. 38, ' go work ' for ' go and work ' ; Mark V. 35, ' a (certain A.) woman ' for ' there was a certain woman'; Mark -vi. 39, 'all' for 'them all'; Mark xii. 6, ' last ' for ' at the last ^ ' ; Mark xiv. 39, ' all ' for ' all men ' ; Luke V. 13, ' a man ' for ' there was a man ' ; Luke v. 14, ' go' for ' go, saith he ' or ' go thy way, said he ' or ' that he should go'; Luke v. 35, 'that whereon (wherein R.) he lay' for 'his couch (bed) whereon he lay ' or ' the bed that he had lien upon ' ; Luke vii. 13, ' the only son of his mother ' for ' which was the only (only begotten) son of his mother ' ; Luke viii. 37, ' to depart ' for ' that he should depart ' ; Luke xv, 30, ' for him ' for ' for his pleasure (sake) ' ; Luke xvi. 3, ' to beg ' for 'and to beg'; John i. 14, 'the only begotten' for 'the only begotten Son'; Acts vii. 43, ' turned ' for 'turned himself; Acts xi. 30, ' which also they did ' for ' which thing they also did ' ; Acts XV. 33, ' chief men ' for ' which were chief men ' ; Acts xvi. ai, 'being Romans' for 'seeing we are Romans'; I Cor. ix. 2,5, ' we, an incorruptible ' for ' we, to obtain an incorruptible^'; Gal. i. 7, 'which is .not another' for 'which is not another Gospel ' ; Gal. iv. 4, ' made under ' for ' and made under ' ; Gal. iv. 7, ' and if ' for ' if thou be ' ; Gal. iv. 37, ' bearest not ' for ' bearest no children ' ; i Tim. iv. 6, 'nourished (up A.)' for 'which hast been nourished up'; 3 Tim. i. 5, ' that in thee also ' for ' that it dweUeth in thee also'; Heb. v, 10, 'called' for 'and is called'; Heb. xi. 7, ' by the which ' for ' through the which ark ' ; James ii. 3o, ' 0 vain man ' f or ' O thou vain man ' ; i Pet, ii, 6, * elect, precious ' for ' elect and precious ' ; i John iv. 31, ' love ' for ' should love ' ; Jude 1 1, ' woe unto ' for ' woe be unto ' ; Jude 13, ' raging waves,' ' wandering stars ' for ' they are the raging ' G. has ' the last.' 2 q_ -j^^^ , ^^ f^j. ^^^ incorruptible.' Making of the English Bible 65 waves,' ' they are wandering stars ' ; Rev, ii. 8, ' the first ' for ' he that is first ' ; Rev. vi. 3, ' behold ' for ' behold there was ' ; Rev, vu, 3, ' it was given ' for ' power was given ' ; Rev. ix, 5, ' the torment (torments R.) of ' for ' the pain that cometh of ' ; Rev. xii. 3, ' to be deUvered ' for ' ready to be deUvered ' ; Rev. xvii. 16, 'these shall' for 'are they that shaU'; Rev. xviu, 7, ' a queen ' for ' being a queen ' ; Rev, xxi, 13, ' east,' * north ' for ' east side,' ' north side,' In Gal. V. 1 3 ' I would ' modifies ' I would to God,' a much too vigorous interpretation of oeXov, but still retained in 3 Cor, xi, I ; in Matt, -vi, 35 ' more than ' is free from the redundancy of ' more worth than ' ; in Matt, xvi, 5 ' take bread ' has succeeded to ' take bread -with them ' ; in Matt, xxiii. 15 ' than yourselves ' to ' than ye yourselves are,' see i Thess. ii. i, V. a ; in Mark xiu. 33 ' neither (nor R.) the Son, but the Father' to ' neither the Son himself, save the Father only'; in Luke i, 43 ' whence is this ' to ' whence cometh this ' ; in i John iv. 7 ' is of God ' to ' cometh of God ' ; in Rom, iii, 30 ' is the knowledge ' to 'cometh the knowledge' (the R.V. of the passage is a return to this rendering). In John ix. 9 we read 'he said' for ' he himself said ' ; in 3 John 13 'we ' for ' we ourselves ' ; in Acts ix, 13 'coming in' for 'coming in to him'; in Acts xii. 6 'brought him forth' for 'brought him forth unto the people.' In Acts xxiv, 3 ' by thee ' has taken the place of 'by the means of thee ' or ' by reason of thee' ; in Rom. v. 17 ' by one ' of ' by the means of one ' ; in Rom. xiv, 30 ' for meat ' of ' for meat's sake ' ; in Phil, iii, 7 ' for Christ ' of ' for Christ's sake ' ; in CoL i. 5 ' hope ' of ' hope's sake ' ; in Heb, i, 14 ' for them ' of ' for their sakes ' ; in i Pet. i. 30 ' for you ' of ' for your sakes ' (R.V. ' for your sake ') ; in i Cor. viii. 6 ' the Father ' of ' which is the Father ' or ' even the Father.' Table III (G.=R.=A.) is fruitful in instances of this kind. 'From beyond Jordan ' has replaced the redundant ' from the regions that lie beyond Jordan,' Matt. iv. 25. The concise 'to^wns of has succeeded to ' villages that long to ' or ' villages that belong to the city called,' Mark viii. 27; 'the things that are Caesar's' to 'the things that belong to Caesar,' Mark xii. 17, see Luke xx. 25. We read ' the proud' instead of the paraphrase ' them that are proud,' Luke i. 51 ; 'who is this ' instead of 'what fellow is this' or the curious rendering 'what is he this,' Luke V. 21, see John vi. 52; 'the Christ of God' instead of 'thou 66 The Part of Rheims in the art the (that) Christ of God,' Luke ix. 20; 'the ruins' instead of ' that which is fallen in decay,' Acts xv. 16 ; ' and with him Priscilla and Aquila' instead of 'Aquila and Priscilla (Priscilla and Aquila) accompanying him,' Acts xviii. 18 ; 'being reconciled ' instead of 'seeing we are reconciled,' Rom. v. 10. Other more concise, and, in most cases, more accurate, renderings are ' which is ' for ' which is to say,' Mark iii. 1 7, see i Pet. iii. 20 ; 'we can ' for ' that we can ' or ' yea, that we may,' Mark x. 39 ; ' nation shall rise ' for ' there shall nation rise,' Mark xiii. 8 ; 'return ' for ' go home again,' Luke viii. 39 ; ' laid up ' for ' laid up in store,' Luke xii, 19 ; ' the just ' for ' the just men,' Luke xiv. 14; • as wheat ' for ' as it were wheat,' Luke xxii. 31 ; ' it is ' for ' it draweth,' Luke xxiv. 29; 'salvation is of the Jews' for 'salvation cometh of the Jews,' John iv. 22 ; ' Pilate sought ' for ' sought Pilate means,' John xix. 12; 'aU the wisdom' for 'all manner of -wisdom,' Acts ¦vii. 22, see Luke X. 19 ; ' Lord of all ' for ' Lord over all,' Acts x. 36 ; ' one Tyrannus ' for ' one called Tyrannus,' Acts xix. 9 ; ' by the letter' for 'being under the letter,' Rom. ii. 27; 'thus' for 'on this fashion,' Rom. ix. 20; ' willingly ' for ' with a good will,' I Cor. ix. 17 ; ' in all ' for ' for in aU ' or ' finally in all,' 2 Cor. vii. 11 ; ' which ' for ' which mystery,' Eph. iii. 5 ; ¦ which is of God ' for ' which cometh of God,' Phil. iii. 9 ; ' under it ' for ' under that priesthood,' Heb. vii. 1 1 ; ' a vine, figs ' for ' a vine hear figs,' James iii. 12 ; ' which is ' for ' which hire is,' James v. 4 ; ' let none of you ' for ' see that none of you,' i Pet. iv. 1 5 ; ' Christian ' for ' Christian man,' I Pet. iv. 16 ; 'by constraint ' for ' as compelled thereunto,' i Pet. V. 2 ; ' ours only ' for ' our sins only,' i John ii. 2 ; ' love not ' for ' see that ye love not,' 1 John ii. 15 ; ' speak' for ' speak -with you,' 2 John 13 ; ' which ' for ' which deeds,' Rev. ii. 6 ; ' of hair ' for ' made of hair,' Rev. vi. 12; 'of thy brethren' for 'the feUow-servant of thy brethren,' Rev. xxii. 9. 3. Sometimes R. and A. agree to omit an adjective inserted' ill the former versions. In John xiii. 4 we read ' his gar ments ' instead of ' his upper garments.' In this case the intruded adjective is plainly of an expository character, and defines the meaning of the original. But no such justification can be pleaded for B.'s rendering of Luke xxu. 15 * with hearty desire I have desired.' Here the adjective 'hearty,' omitted in R. and A., was apparently inserted with no better reason than to add vigour and emphasis to the sentence. The other versions resort to a paraphrase more in accordance -with the English idiom ' I have earnestly (pr inwardly or heartily) desired.' ' Own ' is an adjective sometimes used in the earlier versions to strengthen statements. It has been struck out by R. A. in these passages. Matt. xxi. 3'], 'his own son'; Luke xiu. 1, Making of the English Bible 67 ' their own sacrifices ' ; John xiv. 31, ' mine own self ' (R, A. 'myself'). ' Same,' an intruder of a like kind, has disappeared from Matt. vu. 34 where we read ' doeth them ' for ' doeth the same'; from Matt. x. 13 where 'salute it' has taken the place of ' salute the same'; from Rom. ii i where 'wherein' alone repre sents the former paraphrase ' in that same wherein ' ; from 3 John 5 where ' that which ' succeeds ' that same which,' In Table III (G.=R.=A.) we may instance 'the half for 'the one half,' Mark vi, 23 ; 'my beloved Son' for 'my dear beloved Son,' 2 Pet. i. 17; 'God' for 'Lord God,' Rev. xix. 5; 'this night' for 'this same night,' Matt. xxvi. 34 ; ' that prophet ' for ' that same prophet,' Acts iii. 23 ; ' this day ' for 'this same day,' Acts xxii. 3. 3, Sometimes this undue emphasis corrected in R. A, is ex pressed in the earUer versions by an intruded adverb. Thus in Mark viL la 'so ye suffer' becomes 'ye (you R.) suffer'; in Luke xiii. 8 ' round about it ' is replaced by ' about it ' ; in John viu, 33 ' how sayest thou then ' by ' how sayest thou ' ; in Acts xiv, 3 'abode they there' by 'abode they' ('they abode' R.) ; in Rom. iv. 11 *as (for) a seal' by 'a seal' ; in 3 Cor. V. I ' but eternal ' by ' eternal ' ; in i Thess. v. a ' even as a thief by 'as a thief; in Rev. i, 13 'turned back' by ' turned ' ; in Rev, ii. 38 ' so wUl I ' by ' and I will ' ; in Rev, x-vi, 6 ' therefore hast thou ' by ' thou hast,' On the other hand, in Rom. vi, 16 'yourselves as servants' gives the sense more clearly than ' yourselves servants,' and R. V, has returned to the former translation. In Table III (G,=R.=A.) we note many passages of this class— the adverbs ' then ' and ' even ' being those most frequently pruned away as redundant. Thus ' and then thou ' is cut do^wn to ' and thou,' Matt. v. 25 ; ' then were he ' or ' then he is ' to ' he is,' Matt, xii. 26 ; ' then is it not ' to ' it is not,' Matt. xix. 10 ; ' then fear we ' to ' we fear,' Matt. xxi. 26 ; ' how is he then ' to ' how is he,' Matt. xxii. 45 ; ' that then his brother ' to ' that his brother,' Luke xx. 28 ; ' then hath he ' to ' he hath,' Rom. iv. 2; 'then are we' to 'we are,' i Cor. xv. 19; 'then make I' to 'I make,' 6al.ii.i8; 'then have we' to 'we have,' I John i. 7. Similarly 'even as' has been replaced by 'as,' Luke i. 55, 70, ii. 20, i Pet. ii. 16; 'even I myself ' by ' I myself,' Luke xxiv. 39 ; ' even at midday ' by ' at midday,' Acts xxvi. 13 ; 'even to see you' by 'to see you,' Acts xxviii. 20; 'even the self same things ' by ' the same things,' Rom. ii. i ; ' doest even the very same ' or 'doest the same thyself by ' doest the same,' Rom. ii. 3 ; F 3 68 The Part of Rheims in the ' even he ' by ' he,' Rom. viii. ii ; ' even of the same 'by 'of the same,' Rom. ix. 21 ; 'even as he will' by 'as he will,' i Cor. xii. ii ; 'even so' by 'so,' 2 Cor. xi. 3 ^, Heb. v. 5 ; ' even as dead ' by ' as dead,' Rev, i. 17. Other passages thus dealt with are :— Matt. x. 13, ' return to you again' shortened to ' return to you,' see Luke xvii. 18 ; Matt, xxv, 13, ' nor yet the hour' to 'nor the hour'; Matt. xxvi. 39, 'fell flat ' to 'fell'; Luke ix. 47, 'hard by him' to 'by him'; Luke xvii. 8, 'gird up' to 'gird'; Luke xvii. 34, ' left alone ' to 'left ' ; John viii. 19, ' nor yet my Father' to ' nor my Father ' ; John xvi. 3, ' neither yet me ' to ' nor me ' ; Acta V. 12, ' all together ' to ' all ' ; Eph. vi. 8, ' receive again ' to ' receive.' (/c) Change in Order of Words. Another way in which the influence of R. has left a con spicuous mark upon A. concerns the order of words in sentences. Frequently A. has set aside the arrangement of previous versions in favour of that adopted by R. I. Sometimes, under this guidance. A, has discarded con structions which sound awkwardly in modern ears. Thus in John ix. 1 9, ' how then doth he now see ' is smoother than the former rendering ' how doth he now see then.' Compare also ' the lord of that servant ' with ' the same servant's lord ' or ' that servant's master,' Matt, xxiv, 50 ; * neither did his brethren beUeve in him' with 'neither his brethren believed in him,' John vii. 5 ; 'ye (you R.) cannot corae ' with ' can ye not come ' or ' cannot ye come,' John vii. 34, 36, viii, 31, 33, xiii, 33 ; ' him he heareth ' with ' him heareth he,' John ix. 31 ; 'whose ovra the sheep are not' with 'neither the sheep are his own,' John x. 1 3 ; ' the feet of Jesus ' with ' Jesus' feet,' John xu. 3 ; ' I call you not ' with ' caU I not you ' or ' call I you not,' John xv. 15, see xiv. 30 ; ' the priest of Jupiter ' -with ' Jupiter's priest,' Acts xiv. 13 ; ' the neck (necks R.) of the disciples' with 'the disciples' necks,' Acts XV. 10 ; ' the number of whom ' with ' whose number,' Rev. XX. 8 ; ' the twelve apostles of the Lamb ' with ' the Lamb's twelve apostles,' Rev. xxi. 14.. In Table III (G.=R.=A.) we may compare 'the person of men' with 'men's persons,' Matt. xxii. 16; 'the Son of God' with 'God's Son,'2 Cor. i. 19. 3. In many cases this altered construction has had the effect of bringing out more distinctly the force of the original, by ^ R. V. here omits ' so.' Making of the English Bible 69 placing the emphatic word first, in accordance with thej arrangement in the Greek. For example, in Matt, xiu. 56/ (_f_&n^ his sisters, are they not aU with us^agrees better witW the Greek collocation of the words than the former reading 'are not all his sisters with us % ' We may contrast also L^ good gifts unto (to R.) your children ' with ' to your children good giftsj— a rendering which destroys the balance of the clauses— Matt, vu. 1 1 ; 'not that which . . , defileth ' with ' that which , , , defileth not,' Matt. xv. 1 1 ;/lwhat therefore (that therefore which R.) God hath joined together let not man put asunder ' (' separate ' R.) with ' let not man therefore put asunder that which God hath coupled together,' Matt. xix^^ ' ye (you R.) which , . , when the Son of Man shaU sit , , . ye (you R.) also shall sit ' -with ' when the Son of Man shall sit . . . ye which . . , shall sit also,' Matt. xix. a8 ; ' bad and good ' with ' good and bad,' Matt, xxii 10 ; ' from GaUlee foUowed him ' with ' foUowed him from GaUlee,' Mark iii. 7 ; • without seek (for A,) thee ' with ' seek for thee without,' Mark iii. 33;[lbe that hath, to him shall be given' with ' unto him that hath, shall it be given,' Mark iv. 3^ ' with him they crucify ' with ' they crucified with him ' — where also the translation of R. A. agrees better with the tense of the verb (o-TdvpoCo-t) — Mark xv, 37 ; ^the rich he hath sent empty away ' (' away empty ' R,) with ' sent away the rich empty,' Luke i. 53j7 ' in (on R.) earth peace ' with ' peace on the earth,' Luke ii, 14 ; ' this man if he were a prophet ' with ' if this man were a prophet, he,' Luke vii, 39 ; ' why (even A,) of yourselves (also R.) judge ye (you R.) not ' with ' why judge ye not of yourselves,' Luke xii. 57 ; ' yet a little while (time R.) am I ' (' I am ' R.) with ' yet am I a little while,' John vii. 33 ; ' for judgment I am come ' (' came I ' R.) with ' I am come unto judgment,' John ix. 39 ; ' the cup (chaUce R.) . , , shall I not drink it ' with ' shall I not drink of the cup ' John xviii. 1 1 ; ' immediately therefore I sent to thee ' with ' then sent I for thee immediately,' Acts x. 33 ; ' to the (our R.) Lord he eateth not ' with ' eateth not to the Lord,' Rom, xiv. 6 ; ' Timothy our brother ' with ' our brother Timotheus,' 3 Cor, i, i ; ' (being A.) absent am bold ' with ' am bold . , , being absent,' a Cor, x, i ; ' he tJiat glorieth, let him glory ' with ' let him that glorieth. 70 The Part of Rheims in the glory,' a Cor. x. 17 ; 'but as of (in R.) one, and to thy seed' with ' but to thy seed, as of one,' Gal. iii, 16 ; ' rather let him labour ' with ' let him rather labour,' Eph, iv, a8 ; ' in your heart (hearts R.) to the (om- R.) Lord ' with ' to the Lord in your hearts,' Eph. v. 19; 'shall they (they will R.) heap to themselves teachers (masters R.), having itching ears' with 'shall they whose ears itch, get them an heap of teachers,' 3 Tim. iv. 3 ; ' I write unto you, little children ' with ' little children (babes) I write unto you,' i John ii, 13 ; 'ye (you R.) are of God, Uttle children ' with ' Uttle children, ye are of God,' I John iv. 4 ; ' God dwelleth (abideth R.) in him ' with ' in him dwelleth God,' i John iv, 15 ; 'he that hath an ear, let him hear ' with ' let him that hath an ear, hear,' Rev. ii, 7, II, 17, 39, iii. 6, 13, 33 ; ' unto (to R.) the angel of the church in (of R.) Sardis vrrite ' with ' -write unto the angel of the church that is at Sardis,' Rev. iii. i. In Table III (G.=R.=A.) under this head we may contrast ' I (have G. A) received . . that which also I (I also G.) (have G. R.) delivered unto you ' with ' that which I delivered unto you I received,' i Cor. xi. 23. 3. We note sisveral instances, especially in St. John's GospeL in which the inverted order of the older versions has given place in R. A. to the order more usual in modern English. Thus we find 'he will burn' for "will he burn,' Luke iu. 17; 'ye (you R.) shall see' for 'shall ye see,' John i. 51 ; 'ye (you R.) have not ' for ' have ye not,' John v. 38 ; 'ye (you R.) wUl receive ' for ' will ye receive,' John v. 43 ; ' they could not believe ' for ' could they not beUeve,' John xii, 39 ; 'I give ' for ' give I,' John xiii. 34 ; 'ye (you R.) shaU know ' for ' shaU ye know,' John xiv. 30 ; ' I have told you ' for ' have I told (shewed) you,' John xiv. 39 ; 'ye (you R.) are clean ' for ' are ye clean,' John xv. 3 ; ' ye (you R.) can do.' for ' can ye do,' John XV. 5 ; • ye (you R.) shall ask ' for ' shall ye ask,' John xvi. 33, 36; 'I have spoken' for 'have I spoken,' John xvi 33; 'ye (you R.) took up ' for ' took ye up,' Matt. xvi. 9, 10 ; ' we are killed' for 'are we killed,' Rom. viiL 36; 'he liveth by' for ' Uveth he of (through),' 3 Cor. xiii. 4 ; 'I write' for 'write I,' 3 Cor. xiii. 10 ; ' this he did' for ' that did he,' Heb. vii. 37; ' (the A.) earth and (the A.) heaven fled (away A.) ' for ' fled away both the earth and the heaven,' Rev. xx. 11, Making of the English Bible 71 4. Other passages in which A. has, generaUy for the better, foUowed the collocation of R, may be added. We find ' then came to him the disciples of John ' for ' then came the disci ples of John unto him,' Matt, is, 14 (this, like many of the succeeding passages, being also a return to the order of the Greek) ; ' who in it is worthy ' for ' who is worthy in it,' Matt, X, II ; ' shall give (to A.) drink unto (to R.) one ' for ' shall give unto one , , to drink,' Matt, x, 43 ; ' and again he entered into Capernaum (Caphamaum R.) after some days ' for ' after a few days also he entered into Capernaum again,' Mark ii. i ; ' touch but ' for ' but touch,' Mark v. 38 ; ' anointed with oil many' for 'anointed many ., with oil,' Mark vL 13; 'he wrote you this precept ' for ' he -wrote this precept unto you,' Mark x. 5 ; ' aU generations shall ' for ' shall all generations,' Luke i. 48 ; 'Caesar Augustus' for 'Augustus Caesar,' Luke ii. I ; ' upon (in R.) earth to forgive sins ' for ' to forgive sins on earth,' Luke v. 34, see Matt, ix, 6 ; ' written in the law . . and (in A.) the psalms concerning (of R.) me ' for ' written of me in the law . . and in the psalms,' Luke xxiv. 44 ; ' what things soever ' for ' whatsoever things,' John v. 19 ; ' pour out in those days of my Spirit' for 'pour out of my Spirit in those days,' Acts ii. 18 ; ' not knowing what was done (chanced R.), came in ' for ' came in not knowing that which was done,' Acts v. 7 ; 'who hath first given to him ' for ' who hath given unto him first,' Rom. xi. 35 ; 'if any man's work abide which he (hath A.) buUt thereupon ' for ' if any man's work that he hath built upon, abide,' i Cor. iii. 14 ; ' why do ye (you R.) not rather suffer' for 'why rather suffer ye not,' i Cor. vi. 7 ; ' the head of every man is Christ ' for ' Christ is the head of every man ' ; ' the head of the woman is the man ' for ' the man is the woman's head ' ; ' the head of Chi-ist is God' for ' God is Christ's head,' i Cor. xi. 3 ; ' not walking ' for ' walking not,' 3 Cor. iv. 3 ; ' we are come as far as to you ' for ' even to you also have we come,' 3 Cor. x. 14 ; ' through a window in a basket was I let down by the wall ' for ' at a window was I let down in a basket through the wall,' 3 Cor. xL 33, where also the change of prepositions is notice able; 'ye (you R.) also' for 'also ye,' Eph. i, 13 ; 'whether in pretence (by occasion R.) or in (by R.) truth Christ is (be R.) 72 The Part of Rheims in the preached ' for ' Christ be preached , , , whether it be by pretence or by truth,' Phil. i. i8 ; 'if (yet R.) ye continue in the faith gi'ounded ' for ' if ye continue grounded , . in the faith,' Col. L 33 ; ' labouring (working R.) . , we preached ' for ' we labour ing , , preached ' or 'we laboured . , and preached,' i Thess. ii. 9 ; ' that now is ' for ' that is now,' i Tim. iv. 8 ; ' (did E.) offer gifts according to the law ' for ' according to the law offer gifts,' Heb. viii. 4 ^ ; ' not fearing ' for ' fearing not,' Heb. xi, 37 ; • dragon -was cast out (forth R,) that (the R.) old serpent ' for ' dragon that old serpent . , , was cast out,' Rev. xu. 9 ; ' which die in the (our R.) Lord from henceforth ' for ' which hereafter die in the Lord,' Rev, xiv, 13. I may refer also to Rom. v. 7, 3 Cor. L 17, I Thess. iv. i. Table III (G. = R.=A.) contributes 'we have received, not' for 'we have not received,' i Cor. ii. 12. if) Familiar Words and Phrases. I have found it impossible to classify under any of the foregoing headings many, and, frequently, most important, renderings in -which A, has followed R., abandoning the earlier versions. It is remarkable how often some famUiar phrase, some well-kno^wn term in our English New Testament, proves on examination to have been suggested by the version of Rheims. I. To this source we owe such vigorous translations as 'why, what evil hath he done,' in place of ' but what evil hath he done,' &c.. Matt, xxvii. 33, see Mark xv. 14, Luke xxiii. 33 ;" ' throng (thee A.) and press ^ thee ' in place of ' thrust thee and vex thee,' &c., Luke viiL 45^, see Mark v. 31 ; 'his raiment (was A.) white and glistering ' in place of ' his garment was white and shone,' &c., Luke ix. 39 * ; * set him at naught ' in place of ' despised him,' Luke xxiu. 11. From the Rhemists we derive the forcible ,' striveth for the mastery ' instead of the feebler ' proveth masteries^ i Cor. ix. 35 ; ' but and if ye (you R.) suffer (ought R.) for . . , happy ^ Note also previous clause of verse. " New in transitive sense. = Co. has ' throng thee and thrust thee.' * G. has ' his garment was white and glistered.' Making of the English Bible 73 (blessed R.) ai-e ye ' instead of ' yea, happy are ye if any trouble happen unto you for,' i Pet. ui. 14 ; 'to (unto R.) me to Uve is Christ, and to die is gain ' instead of ' Christ is to me life, and death is to me advantage,' Phil. i. 31; ' sub verting (evertentes) your souls' instead of 'and cumbered your minds,' Acts xv, 34 ; ' adventure himself into the theatre ' (theatrum) instead of ' press into the common hall,' Acts xix, 31 ; ' make my glorying (glory R.) (gloriam) void ' instead of ' make my rejoicing vain,' i Cor. ix. 15 ; ' evil com munications ' instead of 'evil words (speakings),' i Cor. xv. 33 ; ' being privy to it ' (' thereto ' R.) instead of ' being of counsel,' Acts v. 3 ; 'to pubUsh (it much A.) and to blaze abroad the matter ' (' word ' R.) for ' openly to declare many things and to pubUsh this rumour,' Mark i. 45 ; ' the one shaU be taken and the other (shall be R.) left ' instead of ' the one shaU be received and the other left alone,' &c., Luke xvii. 36, see Matt. xxiv. 40, 41 ; 'make merry' instead of 'be glad,' Rev. xi. 10. I may add here the substitution of ' ever and ever ' for the former ' evermore ' passim in the Revelation ^- 3, Less striking, perhaps, but not less familiar, are other words and turns of expression which have gained entrance into our English New Testament through the avenue of Rheims. To mention some of them. In the Rhemish version we first find ' questioned (conquirerent) among themselves ' — the rendering of A. ; the earlier versions which come nearest having ' de manded one of another among themselves,' Mark i. 37. From the Rhemists also are derived ' seeing they might (may R.) not see ' for ' when they see they should not see,' Luke viii. 10, see Mark iv. 1 3 ; ' mourn and weep ' for ' mourn and wail,' ' wail and weep,' &c., Luke -vi. 35 ; ' it came to pass ' for ' so it was,' or 'it chanced,' or 'it fortuned,' Luke xvu. 11 ; 'know how to give ' for ' have knowledge to give ' or ' can give,' Luke xi. 13 ; ' distress of nations ' for ' trouble among the nations,' &c., Luke xxi. 35 ; ' oflScer ' for ' minister ' or ' sergeant,' Matt. v. 35; 'pass' for 'scape' or 'escape,' Matt. v. 18 ; 'exceeding' for ' very ' or ' out of measure,' Matt. viiL 38 ; ' -withered ' for • dried up,' Matt. xu. 10 ; ' coasts ' for ' parts,' Matt. xv. 39 ; 'deny' for 'forsake,' Matt. xvL 34; 'gain' for 'win,' Matt. > Rev. i. 6, V, 14, vii. 12, x. 6, xi. 15, xiv. 11, xv. 7, xix. 3, xx. 10, xxii. 5. 74 The Part qf Rheims in the xvi, 36, Mark viii, 36, Luke ix, 35, i Cor, ix, 19, 30, 31, 33, see Matt. xviu. 15; 'rejected' for 'disallowed,' or 'refused,' or ' reproved,' or ' cast out,' Matt. xxi. 43, Mark viu. 31, xii. 10, Luke ix. 33, xvii, 35, xx. 17; 'fiU ye (you R.) up' for ' fulfil ye,' Matt, xxiii. 33 ; ' over a few ' for ' over few,' Matt. xxv. 31, 33 ; ' pieces of silver ' for ' sUver pieces,' Matt, xxvii. 9; 'release' for 'let loose,' 'deliver,' &c.. Matt. xxviL 15, 17, 31, 36, Mark xv. 9, 11, 15, Luke xxui, 17, 30, 35, John xviii 39, xix. 10, 13 ; ' what do ye more ifhan others A.)' for ' what singular thing do ye,' Matt. v. 47 ; ' the hinder part of the ship ' (' boat ' R.) for ' the stern,' Mark iv. 38 ; 'in ranks ' for ' here a row and there a row ' or 'by rows,' Mark vi. 40 ; ' an evil eye ' for ' a wicked eye,' Mark vii. 33 ; ' they sought to lay hold (hands R.) on him ' for ' they went about also to take him,' Mark xii, 13, see Matt. xxvL ^^\ ' (very A.) heavy ' for ' in an agony ' or ' in great heaviness,' Mark xiv. 33 ; 'to take away my reproach ' for ' to take from me my rebuke,' Luke L 35 ; ' regarded ' for ' looked on,' Luke i. 48 ; ' be about ' for ' go about,' Luke ii. 49 ; ' their Scribes and Pharisees ' (' their Pharisees and Scribes ' R.) for ' they that were Scribes and Pharisees among them ' or ' the Scribes and Pharisees,' Luke v. 30 ; ' creditor ' for ' lender,' Luke vii. 41 ; ' carry neither (not R.) purse ' for ' bear no (neither) wallet (bag),' Luke x. 4; 'consisteth' ('consist' R.) for 'standeth in,' Luke xii. 15; ' layeth up ' for ' gathereth,' Luke xii 31 ; ' lo, these eighteen years ' for ' lo, eighteen years,' Luke xiiL 16; 'fruits worthy of for 'due fruits of\' Luke iii 8; 'decease' for 'departing,' Luke ix. 31, 3 Pet. i. 15; ' overcharged ' for ' overcome,' or ' overladed,' or ' oppressed,' Luke xxi. 34 ; 'by reason of ' for ' with ' or ' through,' John vi. 18; ' put out of the synagogue ' for ' excommunicate out of the synagogue,' John ix. 33 ; ' reviled ' for ' rated ' or ' checked,' John ix. 38 ; ' the son of perdition ' for ' the child of perdition' or 'that lost child,' John xvii. la ; 'they were all amazed ' for ' they wondered aU,' Acts ii, 7 ; ' I foresaw ' for ' I saw , . . set forth ' or ' aforehand I saw,' Acts ii. 35, see Gal. iii. 8 ; ' with one accord ' for ' all at once,' Acts vii. 57; ' lot ' for ' feUowship,' Acts viii. 31 ; ' accord ' for ' assent,' Acts ' G. hgs ' fruits worthy.' Making of the English Bible 75 xix, 39 ; ' I have not shunned (spared R.) to declare unto you ' for ' I have kept nothing back, but have shewed you,' Acts XX, 37 ; ["took courage ' for ' waxed bold,' Acts xxviii. i5^^^EpaTated unto' ('into' R.) for ' severed into' or 'put apart to preach,' Rom, i, i ; ' conceits ' (' conceit ' R.) for 'opinions,' Rom. xii. i6 ; 'owe no man anything' for 'owe nothing to no (any) man,' Rom. xiii. 8 ; ' reproaches , , , that reproached ' for ' rebukes , , , which rebuked,' Rom. xv. 3, see I Tim. iu, 7, Heb, xi. 36; 'contribution' for 'common gathering ' or ' distribution,' Rom. xv. 36 ; ' base ' for ' un- noble ' or ' vile,' i Cor. i. a8 ; ' so as by fire ' for ' as it were by the fire,' &c., i Cor. iiL 15; 'not to keep company' for * not to company together,' i Cor. v. 11; ' attend upon ' for ' cleave fast unto,' &c., i Cor. vii. 35 ; ' charges ' for ' cost ' or ' wages,' I Cor. ix. 7 ; ' having (with R.) his head covered ' for ' having anything on his head,' i Cor. xi. 4 ; ' not discern ing ' for ' making no difference of or ' because he discerneth not,' I Cor. xi. 39 ; 'by the way ' for ' in my passage,' i Cor, xvi. 7 ; ' of you (to A.) be brought on my way ' for ' to be led forth of you,' 3 Cor. i. 16; 'straitened' for 'pressed into a narrow room,' 'kept strait,' &c., 3 Cor, vi. 13; 'that we say not ' for ' I wUl not say,' &c., 3 Cor, ix. 4 ; ' be it so, I did (have R.) not burthen (burdened R.) you ' for ' be it, that I was not chargeable unto you,' 3 Cor. xii. 16 ; ' equals ^ ' for ' companions,' Gal. i. 14 ; ' (fitly A.) framed ' for 'coupled,' Eph. u. 31 ; 'framed' for 'ordained' or 'made of naught,' Heb. xi. 3 ; ' anger and clamour ' (clamor) for ' -wrath and crying,' Eph, iv, 31 ; 'war a good warfare' for 'fight a good fight;' i Tim, L 18, see James iv. i, i Pet. ii. 11 ; ' recover themselves ^ ' for ' come to themselves again ' or ' come to amendment,' 3 Tim. ii. 36; 'every good word (work R.) and work ' (' word ' R.) for ' aU good saying and doing,' 3 Thess. ii. 17 ; 'blood of others' for ' strange blood ' or ' other blood,' Heb. ix, 35 ; ' even of one and him ' for ' of one, even of one which was,' Heb, xi, 13 ; ' church ' for ' congregation,' Heb. xii. 33 ; 'he that will love Ufe ' for ' he that doth long after life,' i Pet. iu. 10; 'are ignorant of for 'know not,' 3 Pet. iiL 5! ' which thing is true (both R.) in him and in you ' for ' that is * New as a substantive. ^ New in reflexive sense. 76 The Part of Rheims in the true ia him, and the same is true also in you,' ' a thing that is true in him and also in you,' &c., i John ii. 8 ; ' the hidden manna ' for ' manna that is hid,' Rev. ii. 1 7 ; 'of many horses running ' for ' when many horses run,' Rev. ix. 9 ; ' mystery, Babylon the Great ' for ' a mystery. Great Babylon,' Rev. xvu. 5, see xviii. 3 ; ' slaves ' for ' bodies ' or ' servants,' Rev. xviu. 13 ; ' transparent ' for ' shining ' or ' thorow shining,' Rev, xxi. ai. From Table II (R. = A, marg.) may conveniently be cited here, 'the night watches' for ' watch ... by night,' Luke ii. 8 ; ' spread the clay upon the (his R.) eyes (of the bUnd man A.) ' for ' anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay,' John ix. 6 ; ' eating (together A.) -with them ' for ' being assembled together with them,' Acts i, 4 ; 'as myself for ' like unto me,' Acts vii. 37 ; 'faint not' for ' be not weary,' 3 Thess. iu, 13. 'With a trumpet and a great voice ' — another reading of the Greek being foUowed — for 'with a great sound of a trumpet,' Matt. xxiv. 31. Table III (G.=R.=A.) yields the familiar 'bom again' for 'born from above,' ' born anew,' or ' begotten again,' John iii. 3, 7 ; also ' take him away ' for ' fetch him,' John xx. 15 ; 'in all ' for ' altogether,' Acts xxvii. 37 ; 'is at hand ' for ' is come nigh,' Rom. xiii. 12 ; 'wherein ' for ' in the which,' Eph. ii. 2 ; 'church' for 'congregation,' Matt. xvi. 18; 'bill' for ' book ' or ' testimonial,' Mark x. 4 ; ' instructed ' for ' taught by mouth,' ' brought up,' &c., Luke i. 4 ; ' governor ' for ' lieutenant,' Luke iii. i ; ' far spent' for 'far passed,' Luke xxiv. 29; 'Bhambles' for 'market' or ' flesh market,' i Cor. x. 25 ; ' destroy ' for ' expel,' ' put down,' &c., Heb. ii. 14 ; ' marriage ' for ' wedlock,' Heb. xiii. 4 ; ' blessed ' for 'happy,' Rev. i. 3, xvi. 15, xxii. 7. In John vii. 39 the explanatory 'given' takes the place of 'there.' In John viii. 56 'rejoiced' and 'was glad' are curiously placed in the reversed order of the former arrangement. (m) Less notable Words. A long list might be made of single words which A., foUow ing R., has, often it would seem capriciously, substituted for those found in other versions. In a large number of passages ' multitude ' has supplanted the former ' people '; for instances see Mark ii. 13, xv. 8, Luke V. 19, Acts xiii. 45, xxL 34. ' Rule ' has taken the place of ' govern ' or ' feed,' Matt. ii. 6 ; ' -wrath ' of ' anger ' or ' vengeance,' Matt. iu. 7 ; ' sound ' of ' blow,' Matt. vi. 3, i Cor. xv. 53, see Rev, viii. 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 13, ix I, 13, X. 7, xi. 15 ; ' tormented' of 'pained,' Matt. Making of the English Bible 77 viu. 6, see Rev, ix. 5 ; ' lay ' of ' rest,' Matt, viiL 30 ; ' went ' of ' departed,' Matt, -viu, 33, i Tim. L 3 ; ' country ' of ' land,' Matt. ix. 31, 'More wicked* has been preferred to 'worse,' Matt, xii, 45 ; ' measures ' to ' pecks ' or ' bushels,' Matt, xui. 33, Luke xiii. 31 ; 'instructed' to 'taught,' Matt. xiiL 53; 'fill' to 'suffice,' 'satisfy,' &c.. Matt, xv, 33, see Mark vii, 37, viii, 8, Luke vi. 31 ; 'perfected' ('perfited' R.) (perfecisti) to 'ordained' or 'made perfit,' Matt. xxi. 16; 'ready' to ' prepared,' Matt. xxu. 8 ; ' kingdom ' to ' realm,' Matt. xxiv. 7; 'take' to 'fetch,' Matt. xxiv. 17, 18, Mark xiu, 15; 'sori'owful' to 'heavy,' Matt, xxvL 38; 'presently' to ' even now,' Matt, xxvi, 53. ' Unclean ' has been substituted for ' foul,' Mark i. 37, Luke iv. 36, vi, 18, viu. 39 ; ' yielded ' for 'gave,' Mark iv. 7, see James iii. 13; 'increased' for 'grew,' Mark iv, 8; 'beat' for 'dashed,' Mark iv, 37; 'hold' for ¦ observe ' or ' keep,' Mark vii, 8 ; ' passed ' for ' went,' ' took their journey,' 'walked,' &c., Mark ix. 30, Acts ix, 33, see Luke xvi, 36 ; ' left' for 'forsaken,' Mark x. 38, 39 ; 'looking on ' for ' beholding,' Mark xv. 40 ; ' mightier ' for ' stronger,' Luke iu. 16 ; 'hoping' for 'looking,' Luke vi. 35, see 3 Cor. viii. 5 ; ' driven ' for ' carried,' Luke viii. 39 ; ' hire ' for ' reward,' Luke x. 7 ; ' repay ' for ' recompense ' or ' pay it,' Luke X. 35 ; ' arrayed ' for ' clothed,' Luke xii, 37 ; ' watching ' for ' waking,' Luke xii. 37 ; ' place ' for ' room,' Luke xiv, 9 ; ' finish ' for 'perform ' or ' make an end,' Luke xiv. 38, 39, 30 ; ' transgressed ' for ' brake,' Luke xv. 39 ; ' flxed ' for ' set,' Luke xvi, 36 ; ' determined ' for ' appointed,' Luke xxii. 33 ; ' country ' for ' field,' Luke xxiii. 36 ; ' above ' for ' on high,' John iii. 31 ; ' seeketh ' for ' requireth,' John iv. 33 ; ' conceming ' for ' over ' or ' for,' John xi. 19 ; ' abode ^ ' for ' dwelUng,' John xiv. 33. 'Delivered' has succeeded to 'gave,' Acts vi. 14, Rom. viii, 33, see Luke x, 33, 3 Pet, iL 31 ; ' presented ' to ' delivered,' 'restored,' or 'shewed,' Acts ix. 41; 'deeds' to 'works,' Acts xix. 18;' appeased ' to ' pacifled,' Acts xix. 35 ; ' befall ' to 'come on' or 'happen to,' Acts xx. 33; 'particularly' to 'by order,' Acts xxi. 19; 'excellent' to 'mighty' or ' noble,' Acts xxiii. 36 ; ' understand ' to ' know,' Acts xxiv. 11; 'conferred' to 'spoken,' Acts xxv. 13; 'tempestuous' '¦ New as a substantive. 78 The Part of Rheims in the to 'stormy,' Acts xxvii. 14; 'darkened' to 'blinded,' Rom. L 31; 'changed' to 'turned,' Rom. L 33; 'profiteth' to ' is profitable ' or ' availeth,' Rom. ii. 35 ; ' foreknew ' to ' knew before,' Rom, xi. 3, see viii. 39 ; ' otherwise ' to ' for then' or ' or else,' Rom. xi. 6, 33, see 3 Cor. xi. 16, Heb. ix. 17; 'goodness' to 'kindness' or 'bountifulness,' Rom. xL 33; 'glorify' to 'praise,' Rom. xv, 6; 'wood 'to ' timber,' i Cor, iii. 13 ; ' beseech ' to ' desire,' ' pray,' &c., i Cor. iv. 16, Eph. iv. I, Heb. xiii. 19, see Mark vi. 56, Luke iv. 38 ; 'carefulness' to 'care,' i Cor. vu. 33 ; 'fulness' to 'plenty,' I Cor. X, a6 ; ' conduct ' to ' convey,' i Cor, xvi, 1 1 ; 're nounced ' (' renounce ' R.) to ' cast from us,' a Cor, iv. 3. We now read ' enriched ' for the former ' made rich,' 3 Cor. ix. 11; ' cast out ' for ' put out ' or ' put away,' Gal. iv. 30 ; 'arise' for 'stand up,' Eph. v. 14; 'joy' for 'gladness,' PhiL i. 4 ; 'stock' for ' kindred,' Phil. iii. 5 ; 'destruction ' for ' damna tion' or 'perdition,' PhiL iii, 19, 3 Thess. i. 9; 'thanks giving ' for ' giving of thanks ' or ' thanks,' Phil, iv, 6, i Tim. iv. 3, see Rev. -vii. 13 ; ' render ' for ' recompense,' i Thess. iii. 9 ; ' minister ' for ' breed,' i Tim. i. 4 ; ' silly ' for ' simple,' 3 Tim. iu. 6 ; ' folly ' for ' madness,' 3 Tim, iu, 9 ; ' wanting ' for 'lacking,' Tit, iiL 13; 'limiteth' for ' appointeth,' Heb, iv. 7 ; ' continue ' for ' endure,' Heb. vii, 33, 34 ; ' scarlet' for • purple,' Heb. ix. 19 ; ' deserts ' for ' wUdemesses,' Heb. xL 38 ; ' assembly ' for ' company,' James ii. 3 ; ' again ' for ' anew,' I Pet. L 33 ; ' banquetings ' for 'in excess of eating ' or ' in gluttony,' I Pet. iv. 3 ; ' slumbereth' for ' sleepeth,' 3 Pet. u. 3; ' allure ' for ' entice ' or ' beguUe,' 3 Pet. u. 18 ; ' casteth ' for ' thrusteth,' 3 John 10 ; ' sensual ' for ' fleshly ' or ' beastly,' Jude 19 ; 'adultery' ('aduoutrie' R.) for 'fornication,' Rev, iL 33 ; ' conquer ' for ' overcome,' Rev, vi. 3 ; ' thunders ' for ' thunderiags,' Rev. xvi. 18; 'mourning' for 'sorrow,' Rev. xvui. 8, see i Cor. v. 3 ; ' mourn ' for ' waU,' Rev. xviii, 1 1 ; ' sorcerers ' for ' enchanters,' Rev, xxii. 15. The foUowing Marginal Readings (Table H) may be placed under this head. ' Frustrate ' for ' reject,' Mark vu. 9 ; 'morsel' for 'sop,' John xiiL 36; 'quickeneth' for 'giveth life,' 3 Cor. iu. 6 ; ' gainsaying ' for ' answering again,' Tit, u. 9 ; ' overruling ' for ' being lords over,' i Pet, v, 3, Making of the English Bible 79 Common to G. R. and A. (Table III) are ' utter ' for ' speak forth,' Matt. xiii. 35; 'apart' for 'out of the way,' Matt. xiv. 13, xvii. i ; ' multitude ' for ' people,' Matt. xvii. 14, Mark iii. 9, 20, Luke vi. 19, &c. ; 'little' for 'young,' Matt. xix. 13; 'followed' for 'came after,' Matt. xxi. 9 ; ' cast ' for ' thrust,' Matt. xxi. 39 ; ' gained ' for ' won,' Matt. xxv. 22 ; ' done ' for ' fulfilled,' Matt. xxvi. 42, Acts xxi. 14 ; 'beloved' for 'dear,' Mark i. ii, Luke xx. 13; 'kingdom' for 'realm,' Mark iii. 24 ; ' unclean ' for ' foul,' Mark v. 8 ; ' holding ' for ' observing,' Mark vii. 3 ; ' know ' for ' understand,' Mark xiii. 29 ; ' wrought ' for 'done,' Mark xiv. 6; 'bare' for 'brought,' Mark xiv. 57; 'subject' for ' obedient,' Luke ii. S i ; ' authority ' for ' power ' or ' the higher authority,' Luke vii. 8; 'accomplish' for 'end,' Luke ix. 31 ; 'unjust' for 'un righteous' or 'unfaithful,' Luke xvi. 10; 'walked' for 'went about,' John vii, I ; 'gate ' for ' door,' Acts x. 17 ; ' band ' for ' soldiers ' or ' com pany,' Acts xxi. 31; 'creek' for 'haven;' Acts xxvii. 39; 'shore' for 'land,' Acts xxvii. 40; 'offences' for 'sins,' Rom. v. 16; 'works' for 'deeds,' GaLii. 16, iii 2, 5, v, 19, 2 Tim. iv. 14, James ii. 14, 17, 18, 22, 24, Rev. ii. 19, ix. 20, xx. 12 ; 'admonish' for ' warn,' 2 Thess. iii. 15 ; ' zealous ' for ' fervent,' Rev. iii. 19 ; ' robes' for ' garments,' Rev. vii. 9, 13 ; 'poured' for 'shed,' Rev. xvi. 3. (n) Suggestions only taken. I. In estimating the degree in which A. has felt the influence of R, we should also note passages in which, though the read ing of R, has not been exactly foUowed by A., some word or expression in the former version seems to have suggested the form which the later rendering has taken. As instances of this I may mention Mark ix. 3, where in the ' exceeding white ' of A. we may find a trace of the ' white exceedingly ' of R., the earlier versions having ' very white.' In Mark x. 19 the neuter ' defraud not ' is in marked contrast to the rendering of former versions — 'defraud, (hurt), (beguile) no man,' &c., but finds an anticipation in the ' do no fraud ' of R. In Acts v. 33 'they were cut to the heart' A. seems suggested by 'it cut them to the heart ' R., earlier versions varying between 'they clave asunder,' 'they brast for anger,' and 'it went through the hearts of them,' see Acts vii. 54. Compare also ' what further need have we of witnesses ' A. and ' what need we witnesses any further ' R. with ' what need we of any moe witnesses' or 'what have we any more need of witnesses,' Matt, xxvi. 6s ; ' secure you ' A. and ' make you secure ' (securos) R. with 'make you careless,' 'save you harmless,' 8o The Part of Rheims in the &c.. Matt, xxvui. 14 ; 'at the time of incense ' A. and ' at the hour of the incense ' R. with ' while the incense was burning,' Luke i. 10; 'be cast away' A. and 'cast away himself R. with ' run in danger of himself,' Luke ix. 35 ; ' aU the glorious things that were done ' A. and ' aU things that were gloriously (gloriose) done ' R. with ' all the excellent things that were done,' Luke xiu. 17;' compassed with armies ' A. and ' com passed about with an army' R. with 'besieged with an host,' &c., Luke xxi. 30; 'the things conceming himself A. and ' the things that were conceming him,' R. with ' the things which were written of him,' Luke xxiv. 37, see xxii, 37 ; 'not to speak at all ' A. and ' that they should not speak at aU ' R. with 'that in no wise they should speak,' Acts iv, 18 ; 'to use them despitefully ' A. and ' to use them contumeliously ' R. with ' to do them violence ' or ' to put them to shame,' Acts xiv. 5, see Matt, v, 44 ; ' rejoiced, beUeving in God -with all his house' A. and 'rejoiced with all his house, believing God' R. with 'rejoiced (joyed) that he with all his household believed in God,' Acts xvi. 34 ; 'certain lewd fellows of the baser sort ' A. and ' of the rascal sort certain naughty men ' R. with ' certain vagabonds and evil men,' &c.. Acts xvii. 5 ; ' one that worshipped God ' A. and ' one that served God,' R. with ' a worshipper of God,' Acts xviii. 7 ; ' do not thou yield unto them ' A. and ' do not thou credit them ' R. with ' follow not thou their minds' or 'let them not persuade thee,' Acts xxiii. 31 ; ' which they themselves also allow that there shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust' A. and 'the which these also themselves expect, that there shall be a resurrection of just and unjust' E. with ' that the same resurrection of the dead which they themselves look for also shall be both of just and unjust,' Acts xxiv. 15; 'death passed' A. and 'death did pass' E. with 'death entered' or 'went over,' Rom, v. 13; 'us the Apostles last' A. and 'us Apostles the last' R. with 'us which are the last Apostles,' ' us the last Apostles,' &c., I Cor. iv. 9 ; ' by reason of the glory that excelleth ' A. and ' by reason of the excelUng (excellentem) glory ' R. with ' because of the exceeding glory,' &c., 3 Cor. iii. 10 ; ' hidden things ' A. and ' secret things ' R. with ' clokes,' 3 Cor. iv. a ; Making of the English Bible 8i ' that suffered wrong ' A. and ' that suffered ' R, with ' that was hurt ' or ' that had the injury,' 3 Cor, vii, 13 : ' wherein they glory, they may be . found even as we ' A, and ' in that which they glory, they may be found even like us ' R, with 'they might be found Uke unto us in that wherein they glory,' 3 Cor, xi. 13 ; ' wrought effectuaUy in ' A, and ' wrrought in ' R. with ' was mighty in,' &c„ Gal. ii. 8 ; ' trouble me ' A, and ' be troublesome to me ' R, with ' put me to business,' GaL vi, 17 ; 'as it is meet for me to think this ' A, and ' as it is reason for me this to think ' R, with ' as it becometh me to judge this,' PhiL i, 7 ; ' waxing con fident by ' A. and ' having confidence in (confidentes) ' R. -with ' being encouraged through,' &c,, Phil. i. 14 ; ' stand fast ' A. and ' stand (statis) ' R. with ' continue,' Phil, i. 37, iv, I ; ' to -write the same things to you, to me indeed is not grievous ' A, and ' to write the same things unto you, to me surely it is not tedious ' R, with ' it grieveth me not to -write the same things often to you ' or ' whereas I write ever one thing unto you, it grieveth me not,' PhU, iii, i ; ' moderation ' A, and ' modesty (modestia) ' R. with ' patient mind ' or ' softness,' PhU. iv. 5 ; * desiring to be ' A. and ' desirous to be ' R. with ' coveting to be,' &c., i Tim. i, 7, see Luke vui, ao ; ' the subverting ' A, and ' the subversion (subversionem) ' R. with ' the perverting,' &c,, 3 Tim, ii, 14 ; ' the gainsayers ' A, and ' them that gainsay it ' R, with ' them that say against it,' Titus i. 9 ; 'by reason hereof he ought as for the people, so also for himself, to offer ' A. and ' therefore he ought as for the people, so also for himself to offer ' R. with ' for the same infirmity he is bound to offer , , , as well for himself, as for the people,' &c., Heb. v, 3 ; ' after he had patiently endured' A. and 'patiently enduring' R. with ' after that he had tarried patiently,' &c., Heb. vL 15 ; ' suffer aflQiction ' A. and ' be afflicted (affligi) ' R, with ' suffer adver sity,' Heb. xL 2,5 ; ' have respect to ,persons ' A. and ' accept (accipitis) persons ' R. with ' regard one person more than another ' or ' regard the persons,' James ii. 9 ; ' of plaiting the hair ' A. and ' the plaiting of hair ' R, with ' with braided hair,' i Pet, iii, 3; 'in the presence of A. and 'in the sight of R. with ' before,' Rev, xiv. 10. CAKLETON « 82 The Part of Rheims in the In Table II (R. = A. marg.) we may compare ' that was over the king's bed-chamber' A. margin, and 'that was chief of the king's chamber ' R. with ' the king's chamberlain,' Acts xii. 3o ; also * a purchased people ' A. margin, and ' a people of purchase ' R. -with ' a peculiar people,' i Pet. ii. 9, 3. In several cases where the suggestion seems to have come from R., King James's Translators have shaped the rendering of R. into more idiomatic, or simpler, or less rugged EngUsh. Thus in Rom. xii. 10, 'in honour preferring one another' A. seems an amendment of ' with honour preventing (prae- venientes) one another' R. ; former versions 'in giving honour going one before another.' In 3 Cor. xi. 3, ' espoused ' A. is the true English equivalent of ' despoused ' R. which was taken bodily from the Vulgate (despondi) ; former versions varying between ' coupled ' ' prepared ' and ' married,' In 3 Cor, xii. 14, ' burthensome ' A. is a modernization of ' bur- denous ' R. ; former versions having ' chargeable,' &c. : see xii. 13, 16, I Thess. iL 6. In Rev. xxi. 31, ' every several gate was of one pearl ' A. adopts and improves upon ' every gate was of one several pearl ' R. ; former versions ' every gate was of one pearl.' In Mark xvi. 14, ' upbraided them with ' seems suggested by ' exprobrated (exprobravit)' E.; former versions * cast in their teeth ' ' reproved them,' &c. In I Cor. xiv. 33, ' unbelievers ' A. looks like an EngUshing of ' infidels (infideles) ' R. ; former versions having the paraphrase ' they which believe not,' Similarly in Eph. iii. 6, ' fellow- heirs ' A. has been evolved out of ' coheirs (coheredes) ' E., former versions ' inheritors also ' ; and in Phil. iv. 10, ' flourished again ' A. may be traced to ' reflorished (re- floruistis) ' R. ; former versions ' revived again,' &c. 3. Other renderings of A. which seem intended as improve ments on R, are Luke xu. 11, 'magistrates and powers' A. 'magistrates (magistratus) and potestates' R, former versions ' rulers and officers ' or ' princes,' see i Pet. iii. 33 ; Acts viii. 40, 'passing through he preached' A., 'passing through he evangelized ' R., former versions, ' he walked throughout the country (to and fro) preaching,' &c. ; Acts xiv. 33, ' ordained them elders ' A., ' ordained to them priests ' E., former versions, ' ordained them elders by election ' ; i Cor. Making of the English Bible 83 iv. 6, 'in a figure transferred to myself A., 'transfigured (transfiguravi) into myself R., former versions, 'figuratively applied unto myself,' &c. ; i Cor. xii. 3, ' I give you to understand ' A., ' I do you to understand ' R., former versions, 'I declare unto you'; GaL iiL i, 'before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you' A., 'before whose eyes Jesus Christ was proscribed, being crucified among you ' R., former versions, ' to whom Jesus Christ was before described before the eyes, and among you crucified,' &c.; 3 Pet. ii. 6, 'condemned them with an overthrow ' A., ' damned them with subversion ' R., former versions, 'condemned them and overthrew them,' &c. In I Tim, vi. 6, ' but godliness with contentment is great gain ' A., the structure of the sentence was probably suggested by ' but piety with sufficiency is great gain ' R, ; former versions being cast in quite different moulds, ' godliness is great gain (lucre), if a man be content with that he hath ' or ' howbeit, it is great auauntage whoso is godly and holdeth him content ¦with that he hath,' The foregoing analysis is designed as an introduction to the comparative Tables which foUow, It is an attempt to summarize the main points of similarity between the Rhemish and Authorized Versions, but it does not pretend to give an exhaustive account of the results which the Tables yield. To form an adequate estimate of the part which Rheims has played in the making of the English Bible, a study of the Tables themselves is needed. The reader wiU note in them many passages, not included in the analysis, in which, though the resemblance between the two versions may be slight, yet it is sufficient to suggest the probability, that the later Translators, who throughout paid so much deference to the earlier Version, were here also guided by it in their choice or arrangement of words. G 3 TABLES EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES Table I. The first column contains all the passages in which the Rheims and Authorized Versions, presenting either identical or similar renderings, differ from the earlier versions. The second column gives the rendering or renderings of the earlier versions. Table II deals in like manner with the Marginal Readings of the Authorized Version. In this Table the second column gives the Text Reading of the A.V. in addition to those of the earlier versions. Table III. The first column contains all the passages which are peculiar to Geneva, Rheims, and the Authorized Version. The second column gives the rendering or renderings of the earlier versions, excepting the Genevan. In all the Tables, the insertion of [Co'] [Tav] or [To] in the first column means that the reading is found also in the minor version, so described; see above p. 29. Abbreviations: B=Rheims. J^= Authorized. 5=Bishops'. G= Geneva. Tr= Whittingham. Jlf= Matthew. C= Cranmer (the Great Bible). r= Tyndale. Co = Coverdale. Co' = Coverdale's Latin-English Testament. Taj; = Taverner, ro=Tomson, When one rendering alone appears in the second column of any Table, all the earlier versions coincide. When two renderings appear, that with no letter affixed is the reading of the majority of the earlier versions, the letter or letters which follow the second rendering indicating the remaining version or versions. When three or more renderings appear, the letters of their respective versions follow each. As Matthew (M) and Taverner (Tav) generally coincide -with Tyndale (T), and Tomson (To) with Geneva ((?), I have not inserted M, Tav and To in the second column of the Tables, except where M or Tav, differs from T, and To from G. Similarly Co (Coverdale) includes Co' (Coverdale's Latin-English Testa ment), unless Co'' is aflBxed to another rendering. Square brackets [ ] mark the omission of a word or words in a version. At the foot of the page the Vulgate-Latin .is given when it appears to have suggested the rendering of Rheims. TABLE I Readings common to Eheims and Authorized, but not in Earlier Versions. ST. MATTHEW, Rheims — Avihorised, 16 who 18 spoused iJB[Co=] espoused .4 [Tod] 23 which being interpreted is Earlier Versions. Chaptee L that BGWT. even he that C. which Co betrothed, married CMCo Which is by interpretation BGTVCoT. which if a man interpret it is as much to say as C. which is inter preted Co^ Chaptee II. 1 Bethlehem of Juda B Bethlehem of Judea A 5 in Bethlehem of Juda R tn Bethlehem of Judea A 6 rule 10 rejoiced with exceeding great joy 11 they offered JJ[Co»] they presented A 13 and after R and when A until 15 until [cy] 18 are not [Co'] 22 being warned Bethlehem' a cityof Jurie BC. Bethlehem in Judea G. Bethleem = in Jury WCoT. Bethlehem of Jewry CO' at Bethlehem' in Jurie BWCCoT. at Beth lehem in Judaea G. in Bethlehem of Jewry Co' govern, feed G rejoiced exceedingly with great joy B. rejoiced with an exceeding great joy ' OW. were exceeding glad C. were marvellously glad CoT. joyed with exceeding great gladness Co' presented BG. offered whenBCCoT. after GfT, which when Co' till unto, till Tav were not after he was warned, being admonished Co' i and the said John R and the same John A and his meat was 7 wrath [Co'] 10 the axe is 11 I indeed 15 and Jesus J.7 and behold a voice RlCo'] and lo a voice. A Chapter IIL this John BTVCCoT. and this John ff. but John himself Co' his meat was. his meat was also G anger BG. vengeance is the axe I BCCoT. indeed I GW. I verily Co* Jesus, then Jesus Q and lo there came a voice, and lo a voice came G ' desponsata. ' CCoZ" Bethleem. ' W Bethlehem. * W ' gladness.' 86 Rheims — Autliorized. Table I Chapter I'V. EarUer Versions. 6 in their [Co'] 11 angels 13 came [Co-''] 21 and going 24 torments ' [To] 1 the multitudes with their the angels went and when he was gone BGWC. and when he went Co. and he went . . , aud T. and he going Co' gripings. maladies Co' Chaptee 'V. 18 one jot . . . shall not pass of the law R one jot . . . shall in no wise pass from the law A 20 that unless R that except A[Co'''] 21 and whoso killeth R and, whosoever shall kill A 22 to [Co'][Tav] 26 ofBcer [Co'] 32 excepting the cause » of forni cation R saving for the cause of forni cation A (the cause of fornication ex cept) [Co'] 44 abuse you R despitefully use you A 47 what do you more R what do you more than others * A (what more do ye) [Co'] 48 be you perfect therefore R be ye therefore perfect A[Co'] the multitude BG. the press of the people W. the people CCoT one jot . . . of the law shall not scape » BGWCGoT. one jot . . . of the law shall not pass Tav. there shall not one jot . . . escape from the law Co' except, unless Tav whosoever killeth BG. for whosoever killeth GWCoT. whoso killeth Co' unto minister, sergeant GW except it be for fornication, except it be for whoredom Tav hurt you. do you wrong CoT what singular thing do ye ye shall therefore be perfect ' 1 otherwise 2 sound not a trumpet R do not sound a trumpet ..1 that they may [Co'] 6 but thou, when [Co'] 7 much speaking Chapter ¦VI. or else, else Co' do not blow a trumpet B. thou shalt not make a trumpet to be blown GWCoT. let not trumpets be blown C. blow not with a trump Co^ that they might B. for to WCCoT. to ff but when much babbling's ' sake, much babbling GCo'Tm tormentis. ' Co ' escape.' ' causa. Printed in Roman type in the first edition, which was in black letter. C perfit.' « W^'babbUng.' St. Matthew 87. Rheims— Awfhorized. 8 ask him [Co'] 15 neither will 16 be not as the hypocrites, sad R be not as the hypocrites of a sad countenance they may appear [Co''^ 23 thy whole body if then R if therefore A [ii... therefore] [Co'] 24 wiU . . . vrill 25 more than the meat . . . more than the raiment R[Co'] more than meat . . . than rai ment A 26 gather [Co'] 30 the grass of the field which to-day is EarUer Veriians. ask of him no more shall BWCCoT. no more will G. shall not Co' be not of an heavy countenance as the hypocrites are B. look not sour as the hypocrites' GW. be not sad as the hypocrites are CCoT. become not ye sad as hypocrites Co' they might appear B. they might be seen WCoT. they might seem G. it may appear C all thy body, all thy whole body Co' wherefore if shall . . . shall, shall . . , [ ] Tav more worth than meat . , . than raiment BG. more worth than meat . . . more of value than raiment carry the grass of the field which though it stand to-day BG. the grass of tbe field which is' to-day GWGo'. the grass which is to-day in the field CoT i let me cast out R let me pull out A 9 or what man [Co'] whom if [Co'] 11 know how to give [Co'] good gifts to yoiu: children R [Co'] good gifts unto your children A 24 doeth them [Co^] [Tav] 25 founded* Chaptee VII. suffer me, I will cast' out BC. suffer me to cast' out GWT. hold I will pluck Co. suffer I will cast forth Co' what man B. for what man GW. is there any man CGoT if B. which if know to give B. can give your children good gifts BCCoTav. to your children good gifts doeth the same grounded 4 testimony' 6 tormented 11 and I say 20 where to lay his head [Co'] Chaptee VIII. witness pained, vexed Co' I say BG. I say therefore WT. but I say GGo where to rest his head BG. whereon to rest his head ' W adds ' do.' fundata. W ' standeth.' " testimonium. CT ' pluck." 88 Table I Rheims — A-uiiiorizect, 28 exceeding fierce 32 went S3 and the swineherds B and they that kept them . EarUer Versions. very fierce BG. out of measure fierce WCCoT. exceeding cruel Co' departed, departing went Co' then they that kept them BG. then the herdmen GWCoT. but the herdmen Co' Chaptee IX 4 Jesus seeing B[Co'] Jesus knowing A 6 hath power in earth to for give sins R[C(y'] hath power on earth to for give sins 8 multitudes 14 then came to him the disciples of John [then came unto him the di sciples of John] [Co'] 22 from that hour when Jesus saw hath power to forgive sins in earth. hath authority in earth to forgive sina G multitude BG. people then came the disciples of John unto ' him 31 country 7 and going R and as ye go A 11 shall enter ' [Co'] who in it is worthy 12 salute it [Co^^ 15 more tolerable ' 18 in testimony' to B for a testimony against A [for a testimony unto] [Co'] and the Gentiles 21 rise up [Co'] 26 revealed*and secret B[Co'] and hid A 30 but your very hairs of the head are all numbered B but the very hairs of your head are all numbered A from that same hour B. even that same hour' WCCoT. at that hour G. at that same moment To. the same hour Co' land Chaptee X, as ye go B. go and GWCCoT. as you go Co' shall come who is worthy in it BGWCTCo'. in it, who is meet for you Co salute the same, greet it Tav easier in vritness to and to the Gentiles, and to the heathen Co' rise BGTav. arise opened BCT. disclosed GW. openly shewed Co. shewed Co' and nothing hid BC. nor hid G. and nothing so secret' WT. and nothing secret Co yea even ' all the hairs of your head are numbered BGWCTav. and now are all the hairs of your head told Co. and now are all the hairs of your heads ' GMCo ' to.' ' testimonium. ' Co ' time.* ' revelabitur. ' intraveritis, ' I" hid." * tolerabilius. Tav omits ' even.' St. Matthew 89 Rheims — Authorized. 42 shall give drink to one B[Co'^ shall give to drink unto one A Earlier Vei'siom. numbered T. but all the hairs of your head are numbered also Co' shall give unto one , . . to drink, giveth unto one ... to drink Co 7 multitudes 19 a friend of [Co'] 22 more tolerable 23 exalted' it 24 more tolerable 25 revealed ' 27 delivered 10 a withered hand B[Co''] his hand withered A 25 and Jesus 26 stand' [Co'] [roD] 27 and if I [Co'^[Tav] 38 from thee 45 more wicked Chaptee XI, multitude BG. people a friend unto, a companion of Co easier, more easy Co' lifted up BGW. lift up CCoT. exalted up Co' they easier shewed BCCo'. opened given, given oyer Co^ Chapter XII. his hand dried up but when Jesus BWG. nevertheless Jesus Co endurealso if L but if I^ Co of thee worse Chapter XIII. but Jesus GTCo'. 8 othersome B other A 11 mysteries [Co'] 15 and I may heal them B and I should heal them A [and I heal them] [Co'] 19 the wicked one 23 threescore . . . thirty R sixty , . , thirty A 33 measures the whole was 38 the wicked one 50 the furnace 52 scribe instructed R scribe which is instructed A 56 and his sisters are they not all with us [Co^] some, part T secrets, mystery Co that I might heal them. might heal them C that I also that eyil one BWTo. the eyil one G. the evil man CCoT. the wicked Tav sixtyfold . . , thirtyfold pecks all were B. all be GWCT. all was Co. it be all Co' the wicked BGWCT. wickedness Co- wicked (children) Co', that wicked one To a furnace, the chimney Co^ scribe which is taught BGWCT. scribe taught Co. scribe . . , learned Co' and are not all his sisters here ' with us BGCo. and are not his sisters all here ' with us ' exaltaberis. ' revelasti. ' stabit. * BGC omit ' here.' go Eheims — Authorised. 7 whereupon 9 at table R at meat A 10 he sent [Go'] 12 the body [To] 15 themselves 19 looking up unto heaven R looking up to heaven A 22 multitudes 28 and Peter 30 the wind rough B the wind boisterous A [the wind strong] [Co'] 11 not that which . , , defileth that defileth a man B[Co'] thia defileth a man A SO many others 33 fill [Tav] 89 coasts [Go'] Table I Earlier Versions. Chapter XIV. wherefore at the table sent his body them lifted' up his eyes toward heaven BC. looked up to heaven GWT. looked up toward heaven Co. looked up into the heaven Co' people, multitude G Peter, then Peter G a mighty wind Chapter XV. that which . , , defileth not defileth the man. that defileth the man G other many, many other GWGo' suffice, satisfy Co parts, parties BGW Chapter XVI. 5 take bread 9 understand [Co'] 9, 10 you took up B ye took up A 21 chief priests and be killed 22 Peter taking him unto him R Peter took him A[Co'] be it far from thee ' 23 who turning R he turned and A 24 come after me [Go'] deny [Go'][Tav] 26 if he gain R if he shall gain A take the breads take bread with them. Co'' perceive took ye up high priests, chief of the priests Co^ and must be killed BWCT. and be slain GGo'. and be put to death Co when Peter had taken him aside BG. Peter took him aside favour thyself BCCoT. pity thyself 0. look to thyself W. that be far from thee Co' he turned him about and BGGo. he turned back and G. turned he about and WT. he turned him and Co' go after me B. follow me forsake if he shall win B. though he should ¦win GWT. if he win CCo'. though he wanne Co ' C ' lift,' absit a te. St. Matthew 9r Rheims — Authorised. 2 white [Co'] 5 a voice [Co'] 16 cure' 18 cured' from that hour R from that very hour A Earlier Versions. Chapter X'Vni. as white there came a voice heal healed even that same time BC. at that hour G. even that ' same hour WCoT Chapter XVIII. 5 one such little child [To] 8 rather than ha'vlng . , , to cast 15 thou shalt gain R thou hast gained A 28 fellow servants [To] 29, 33 fellow servant [To] 31 fellow servants such a little child BGWGo'. such a child be rather * than thou shouldest haying , . . be cast BWCT. than having . , . to be cast GGo'. than that thou shouldest have . . . and be cast Co thou hast won fellowsfellow feUows BGCo. panions Co'. Chapter XIX. other fellows GWT. corn- other fellow servants To 6 that therefore which God hath joined' together let not man separate B whattherefore God hath joined together let not man put asunder A 8 saith 9 and I say 12 eunuchs ' . . . eunuchs . . . [ ] . . . eunuchs B eimuchs , eunuchs [eunuchs , gelded . . 28 you which of Man shall sit shall sit R ye which . . . when the Son of . eunuchs , , . . eunuchs A . eunuchs . . . eunuchs] [To] . when the Son you also let not " man therefore put asunder that which God hath coupled together said I say BC. I say therefore GWT. but I say Co chaste . . . chaste . . . chaste . . . chaste BGC. chaste . . . chaste . . . [ ] . . - chaste WT. gelded . . . gelded . . . gelded . . . gelded Co. gelded . . . gelded . . . [ ] . . . gelded Tav when the Son of Man shall sit , which ' . , . shall sit also ye" Man shall shall sit A sit ye also 24 hearing it R[Co'] heard it A 30 cried out Chapter XX heard this heard that cried ' curare. ' curatus. ' Co 'the.' * Toit; omits 'rather.' ' coniunxit. • Co ' no' : Go' has 'not' and omits ""therefore.' ' eunuohi. ' Co' ' you.' » BG ' that.' 92 Eheims — Authorised. 6 and the disciples 8 a very great multitude others 9 and the multitudes Table I Earlier Versions. 15 marvellous things B wonderful things A 16 perfited R perfected A 17 into [Co'] 19 never grow there fruit of thee for ever B let no fruit grow on thee henceforward for ever A [never fruit grow on thee for ever] [Co'] 28 go work Chaptee XXI, the disciples, so the disciples G many of the people BWCCoT. a great multitude G. much people Co' other moreover the multitudes B. moreover the people GWCT. as for the people . , . they Co wonders BCCo. marvels ordained BCCoT. made perfit GW. or dained Co' unto never fruit grow on thee henceforwarda ' never fruit grow on thee from hence forth Co 87 his son [Co''] 42 rejected 8 ready 9 into [Co'] 10 bad and good 16 in truth 17 what is thy opinion B what thinkest thou A 21 render' the things that are God's 5 but , , . all B but all A 12 and he that R and whosoever A 13 but woe 15 than yourselves [Co'] 25 that on the outside B the outside A[Go'] 82 fill you up B fill ye up A go and work. work Co his own son disallowed B. go thy way refused and Chaptee XXII. prepared out into, out . . , into Co good and bad truly how thinkest thou give that those things that' are God's BGC. which is God's Chaptee XXIII, allbut whosoever BCT. for whosoever GW. for whoso Co. whoso Co' woe, woe therefore GW than ye yourselves are, than you your selves Gf the utterside fulfil ye ' B ' henceforward.' ' reddite. » 6 ' which.' St. Matthew 93 Eheims — Authorized. Earlier Versions. Chapter XXIV. 7 kingdom against kingdom 11 rise [Co'] 17 take 18 take 27 even into R even unto A 30 tribes' 40, 41 shall be taken 41 left 43 but this know ye R but know this A 49 shall begin fellow servants 50 the lord of that servant 51 appoint' his portion B appoint him his portion A realm against realm BGWCTCo'. one realm against another Co arise fetch BG. fet fetch into, into CoT. kindreds is received BTav. shall be received GWCoT. received left alone B. refused of this yet be sure BG. of this be sure GWT. but be sure of this Co. but be ye sure of this Co' so begin BCCo'. begin fellows the same servant's lord BCCo. that servant's master GWT. the master of that servant Tav give him his portion BGWC. give him his reward Cor, give him his part Tav. put his portion Go' 15 according to 19 time 21, 23 over a few things 27 usury' 30 cast ye 46 pvmishment everlasting R everlasting punishment A Chapter XXV. after season over few things BGCo'. over little Co vantage, gains Tav cast everlasting pain in little GWT. Chapter XXVI. S who was called 26 took bread and blessed, and R took bread and blessed it, and A 27 to them 28 which [Co'] which was called BCCo. called when he had taken the bread and given thanks, he B. took the' bread and when he had given thanks GC. took bread and gave thanks WT. took the bread, gave thanks and Co. took the bread and when he had blessed, he To them that. [ ] Tav ' tribus. ponet, ' UBura. • C omits ' the.' 94 Table I Rheims — Authorized. 30 an hymn ' being said R when they had sung an hymn A 38 he saith R saith he A sorrowfulunto death 48 sign ' 63 give me presently R presently give me A 55 laid no hands on me R laid no hold on me A 57 they taking hold of B they that had laid hold on A 63 adjure ' 64 heaven [Co'] 65 what need we witnesses any further B what further need have we of witnesses A 67 with the palms of their hands 73 thou also art Earlier Versions. when they had praised God B. when they had sung a psalm G. when they had sung a song of thanksgiving W. when they had said grace CoT. when they had given praises Tav, when the grace was said Co' said Jesus, said he Co' heavy unto the death token cause to stand by me B. give me GWT. give me even now C. now to send me Co. deliver me now Co' took me not they that had taken B. they took . . , and GWCTCo'. they that took Co charge, conjure Tav the sky. the heaven GGoTav what need we of any moe witnesses BWCCoT. what have we any more need of witnesses 0. what need we yet witnesses Co' on the ' face with the palm of their hands BC. with their' rods ffJT. upon the face Co. with the palm of their hands on the face T. upon the face with their fists Co' thou art even BWCT. thou art also C. thou art . , , also Co. thou art Go'Tav Chapter XX'VTI. 9 pieces of silver 15 release 17 whom will you that I release B whom will ye tliat I release A 21 to be released R that I release A 23 why, what evil hath he done 24 rather tumult was toward R that rather a tumult was made A silver pieces BGW. silver plates CT. silver pens Co let loose BCo'. deliver whether will ye that I give' loose. whom will ye I shall let loose Co' that I let loose BGWCT. that I give loose Co. have let loose Co' what e-vil hath he done BWCTGo'. but what evil hath he done 0. what evil hath he done then Co that more business was made BWCT that more tumult was made G. that there was a greater uproar Go. that there was rather an uproar Co' ' hymuo. ' signum. ' adiuro. * C 'his.' ' To omits 'their.' ° G 'let' St. Mark 95 Eheims — Authorised. EarUer Versions. 26 he released R released he A 41, 62 chief priests 51 rocks 66 made the sepulchre sure, seal- ingup the stone, with watch men R made the sepulchre sure, seal ing the stone, and setting a watch A let he . . . loose BGWCT. gave he . . . loose Co. let he loose Co' high priests, chief of the priests Co' stones when they had sealed up the stone, they made the sepulchre sure with the watch B. made the sepulchre sure with a' watch' and sealed the stone GWCT. kept the sepulchre with watch men and sealed the stone Co. made the grave sure with watchmen and sealed up the stone Co' Chapter XXVIII. 5 and the angel fear not you B fear not ye A 11 chief priests 14 make you secure" secure you A the angel, but the angel GWCo' fear not B. fear ye not GWCT. be not ye afraid Co high priests make you careless B. so use the matter that you shall not need to care To. save you harmless GWCT. bring it so to pass that ye shall be safe Co. make you safe Go' ST. MARK. Chaptee I, 5 there went forth , . . all the R there went out ... all the A 7 there cometh a stronger than I after me R there cometh one mightier than I after me A 10 forthwith coming up B straightway coming up A the heavens opened the Spirit as a dove descending and remaining on him B the Spirit like a dove descend ing upon him A all the . . . went out BGWCT. all that . . . went out M. there went out . , . the whole Co. all the , . . went forth Co' he that is stronger than I cometh after me BC. a stronger than I cometh after me GWT. there cometh one after me which is ' stronger than I Co as soon as he was come up BC. as soon as he waa come GWCT. anon as he was coming up Go' heaven open BGT. the heavens cloven in twain G. heaven cleft W. that the heavens opened Co, the heaven opened Co' the Spirit ' descending upon him like a dove BCaWT. the Holy Ghost as a dove coming down upon him Go. the Holy Ghost like a dove descending and abiding upon him Go' ff ' the.' ' CT ' watchmen 'for 'a watch.' ' * Co' omits ' which is.' ' GWT ' Holy Ghost." 96 Table I Eheims — Authorised. 17 come after me B come ye after me A 23 a man in an unclean spirit R a man with an unclean spirit.4 cried out [Co'] 24 who thou art 27 questioned' among themselves unclean 85 riaing very early , . . he i? in the morning rising up a great while before day, he A 39 he was . , , casting out devils R he . . , caat out devils A[Co'] 44 testimony' 45 to publish and to blaze abroad the word R to publish it much and to blaze abroad the matter A Earlier Versions. follow me a man vexed with an unclean spirit BWCT. a man which had an unclean spirit G. a man possessed with a foul apirit Co. a man having an unclean spirit Co', a man in whom was an unclean apirit To cried aloud B. cried what thou art. that thou art Co demanded one of another among them selves BGT. demanded one of another GW. axed one another among them selves Co. demanded among them selves Co' foul in the morning very early before day '. Jesus when he waa risen up BC. in the morning very early' before day' Jesus* arose and GWCoT, in the morning very early he rose up and Co' he . . . caat the devils out. he , . . drave out the devils Co witness BCCoTav. testimonial openly to declare many things and to publish this rumour B. to tell many things and to publish the matter' GWCT. to speak much of it, and made the deed known Go. to publish and spread forth the word Go' Chapter II. 1 and again he entered into Capernaum ° after some days 11 go into thy house R[Co'] go thy way into thine house A 13 multitude 14 he passed by 15 did sit down together B sat also together A 18 did use to fast B used to fast A after a few days also' he entered into Capernaum again BGWCT. and after certain days he went again unto Capernaum Co. and after certain days he entered again into Capernaum Co get thee hence into thine own' house. go home Co people Jesus passed by. he went by Co' sat also together at meat BG. sat at table »" also GWT. there sat at the table Co. sat also at meat Co' did fast, fasted Go ' conquirerent. ' GT omit ' before day.' ' Co omits ' very early.' Co ' he.' ' testimonium. ' WT ' deed,' C ' saying.' ' GWT omit ' also.' ' R ' Caphamaum.' ' B omits ' own.' '" WT ' meat.' St. Mark Rlieims — Authorized. Earlier Versions. Chapter III. 3 saith 5 being sorrowful R being grieved A 6 going forth R[Cq'] went forth and A 7 from Galilee . . , followed him R from Galilee followed him A 8 they about Tyre [Co'] 9 he spake to his disciples 97 also GW. said mourning BCT. mourning and was sorry Co. sorry CO' departed and. went out and Co followed him from Galilee BGWCT. there followed him , , , out of Galilee Co. followed him , , . from Galilee Co' they that dwelt about Tyre ' Jesus commanded his disciples BG. commanded his disciples GWT. spake unto his disciples Co hehe 11 fell do-wn they fell dewn 25 stand' continue, endure Co' 26 stand' continue BWCTGo'. endure GCo 28 sons of men children of men, men's children CT S2 multitude people without seek thee R seek for thee without, axe ' after tl without seek for thee A without Co Chapter TV, 1 was gathered [Co'] gathered all the multitude R all the people, a great people Co' the whole multitude A sea . . . sea [Co"] sea , . . seaside, water . , , seaside Co 4 some [Co'][ro?)] that some 7 yielded [Co'] gave 8 increased grew 12 seeing they may see hearing they may hear be converted * 15 by the wayside 16 who immediately when they see they may see BC. they seeing may see GWGo'. with seeing eyes they may see Co. when they see they shall see T when they, hear, they may hear BC. they hearing may hear GWGo'. with hearing ears they may hear Co. when they hear they shall hear T turnthat received seed by the wayside B. that receive the seed by the wayside GW. whereof some be rehearsed to be by the wayside C. that are by the wayside Col", that are sown by the wayside Ccf which at once BWCT. straightways GW. [ ] Co. forthwith Tav. anon Co' ' G 'Tyrus.' CARLETON stare. ' Co' 'ask,' H convertantur. 98 Table I Elieims — Authorised. 17 afterward 21 abed 22 hid which shall not be made manifest ' B hid which shall not be mani fested A neither was anything made secret R neither was anything kept secret A 25 he that hath, to him shall be given he that hath not . , , from him R he that hath not, from him A 26 east seed into [Co?'] 29 immediately 31 the seeds [Co'] 32 becometh greater 37 the waves beat ' 38 in the hinder part of the boat R in the hinder part of the ship A Earlier Versions. and anon BWCT. for G. [ ] Co. and so Co' the table BGWCT. a table Co. the bed To so privy that shall not ' be opened BCT. hid ' that shall not be opened GW. hid that shall not be openly shewed Co neither hath it been so secret BC. neither is there a secret G. neither so secret WT. and there is nothing secret Co. neither anything secret Co' unto him that hath, shall it be given. whoso hath, unto him shall be given Co from him that hath not BGWCT. whoso hath not, from him Co. whoso hath not . . . from him Co' sow seed in BWCT. cast seed in G. casteth seed upon Co anon seeds is greater BCCo. is greatest GWT. waxeth greater Co' the waves dashed BGC. dashed the waves in the stern, behind in the ship Co 2 in an unclean spirit iJ[Co'] with an unclean spirit A 5 crying and cutting himself 7 I adjure ' thee by God 10 besought him much 14 they that fed them B[Co'] they that fed the swine A 25 a woman iJ[Co'] a certain woman A 126 neither was anything the better B and was nothing bettered A Chapter V. possessed of an unclean spirit, which had an unclean spirit Cf crying and all to cutting himself B. cried . . . and stroke himself sore' GW. crying and beating himaelf CCo. cried . . . and bet himself T I require thee in the name of God BWCT. I chaise thee by God GCo. I will that thou swear to me by God To prayed him instantly the swineherds there was a certain woman, there was a woman Co and felt none amendment at all BWCT, and it availed her nothing G. and was not helped Co. and had profited riothing Co' ' manifestetur. ' C ' no." ' G omits 'sore.' ' W so hid." ' adiuro. * B ' bette." St. Mark 99 Rheims — Authorized. 28 touch but SO had proceeded R had gone out A 31 thronging [Co'] 40 was lying 42 VTith great astonishment R "with a great astonishment A 43 that something should be given her to eat Earlier Versions. but touch proceeded JSC. went out GWT. was gone out Co. was gone Go' thrust BWCT. throng G. thrusteth Co lay out of measure, with great wondering Co' to give her meat BGWCT. that they should give her to eat Co. to give her to eat Co' Chapter 'VI, 1 going out from thence, he R he went out from thence and A 6 about the [Co'] 9 shodie be shod A 11 testimony' 13 anointed vrith oil many 15 others but others B and others A 22 sat with him at the table R sat with him A [sat at board with him] Co' 24 the head of John the Baptist 81 desert ' place [Co'] 34 as sheep not having a shep herd 39 all 40 in ranks 48 them labouring in R[Co'] them toiling in A 53 set to the shore R drew to the shore A 55 through that whole 56 besought he departed thence and about by the. about in the Co should be shod witness anointed many , . , with oil BCMCo'. they anointed many , . . with oil GWT. many . . , anointed they with oil Co other BGWCM. some Co. wother T some JBCCo, and some GWT. but some. Co' sat at board also BCT, sat at table together GW. sat at the table Co John Baptist's head, the head of John Baptist CoTo wilderness like sheep not ha-ving a shepherd BC. like sheep which had no shepherd GWT. as the sheep that have no shepherd Co. as sheep having no shepherd Co' them all here a row and there a row BWCCoT. by- rows G. in rows Co' them troubled in. that they were in peril with Co drew up into the haven BCCoT. arrived GW. arrived into tho haven J!av. drew near the shore Co' throughout all the, throughout all that GCo' prayed ^ testimonium. » IT 'board.* H 3 ' desertum. 100 Table I Eheims — Authorised. EarUer Versions. Chapter ¦VII. 8 leaving the commandment B laying aside the command ment A hold 12 you suffer B ye suffer A[Go'^ 15 entering into him that can defile him B that entering into him can defile him A 17 was entered [Co'] ' 22 an e"vil eye 26 cast forth 27 filledthe dogs 30 gone out [Go'] upon [Co'] 31 again going out B again departing A 32 besought B[Go'] beseech A the commandment . . . being laid apart B. ye lay the commandment . . . apart GWCT. ye leave the command ment Go. the commandment . . . laid aside Tav observe, keep Go so ye suffer, thus ye suffer Co that can defile him when it entereth into him. that can defile him entering into him Co' came a wicked eye. wicked eye Tav cast out BGWCTCo'. drive out Co fed. satisfied Co' the little dogs B. whelps fflTCr. dogs Co was departed BCCo. departed on when he was departed again B. he departed' again . . . and GWCTCo'. when he went out again Co pray B. prayed Chapter VIII. 3 will faint 8 filled 11 question ' 19 fragments * [Tav] 20 seven loaves B the seven A of fragments ' B[Tav] full of fragments A 24 I see men as it were trees walking R[Co'] I see men as trees, walking A 28 and other some as it were R and others A 31 rejected 32 taking him R took him and A[Co'] shall faint BCCo'. would faint GW. should faint COr sufficed BGWCT. satisfied Co. full Tm dispute broken meat I brake the seven BGo. I brake seven GWCTCo' of the leavings of the " broken meat. full of broken meat Co. of broken meat Co' I see men " : for I perceive ' them walk as they were trees BWCT. I see men : for I see them walking like trees ff. I see men going as if I saw trees Co again some say that thou art BC. and some GWT. some Co. but some aa Co'' reproved, cast out Co took him aside and. took him unto him and Go • introisset. ' IF 'turned,' Co' 'went forth.' ' conquirere. fragmentorum. • ffTTr omit 'the.' ' Cr ' the men.' -'GWT 'see,' St. Mark xoi Rheims — Authorised, 86 if he gain R if he shall gain A EarUer Versions. if he shall '-win BWr. though he should win G, if he win CCo'. though he wanne Co Chapter IX. 2 alone , , , apart R apart by themselves A 3 and white exceedingly as snow R exceeding white as snow A 8 no man any more but Jesus R no man any more save Jesus A 10 with themselves questioning ' 12 and how it is •written of the Son of Man that he shall suffer R and how it is written of the Son of man that he must suffer A 14 questioning * [Tav] 16 question' [Tav] 17 multitude 23 if thou canst believe [Co'^ 24 crying out R cried out A[Co'] 30 passed 37 one of such children [Co'][Tav] 49 every one 50 will 5 he wrote you this precept 18 and Jesus 19 do no fraud B defraud not A out of the way alone and became ' very white even as snow BWCT. and was very white as snow G. and very white as the snow Co no man more than Jesus BWCTGo. no more any man save Jesus G. no man more save . . . Jesus Co' with them BCT. to themselves GW. by them Co. by themselves Go' and demanded, and axed Go. asking Co' and the Son of man as it is written of him shall suffer BC. and aa it ia vyritten of the Son of man that ' he must suffer GWCo'. the Sou of man also shall suffer ... as it is written Co. and also the Son of man as it is written shall suffer T disputing disputecompany, people Co this thing if thou canst believe B. if thou canst believe it GW. if thou couldest believe CGoT cried, crying G took their journey BWCCoT. went GGo'. went together To any such a young" child BCT. one of such little children G. such a little child W. such a child Go every man shall Chapter X. he -wrote this precept unto you BGWCT. did Moses write you thia command ment Co. did he write you that com mandment Co' Jesus, but Jesus Co defraud no man BCT. thou shalt hurt no man G. hurt no man W. thou shalt beguile no man Go. beguile not Go' ' irr' should.' ' irr' was made.' » GTT omit 'that." * con. quirentes. ' conquiritis. « CT omit ' young.' 102 Table I Rh£ims — Authorised. 21 Jesus beholding him 27 beholding them B[Co-^ looking upon them A 28 loft 29 hath left 33 chief priests 41 began to be diapleased at B began to be much displeased with A 42 they which seem to rule over B they which are accounted to rule over A their princes iJ[Co'] their great ones A 49, 51 the blind man 50 casting off his garment R casting away his garment ^[Co'] 52 made thee safe * iJ[Co'] made thee whole A 8 others 13 if haply [Co'] 14 now no man B no man A for ever 18 chief priests 27 chief priests [Tav] 29 and Jesus 32 indeed a prophet E[Co'] a prophet indeed A[To] . 2 in season B at the aeason A i him they wounded in head B[Co'] they . . . wounded him in head A EarUer Versions. Jesus beheld him and. Jesus looked upon him and ' Co'To when he had looked upon them B. looked upon them and GWCT. beheld them and Go forsaken hath forsaken BGC. forsaketh WCoT. shall forsake Co' high priests began to disdain at. disdained at Co they which seem' to bear nile among BGT. they which are appointed' to bear rule among WC. the princes of the world have domination of Go. they that be seen to rule among Co', they which are princea among To they that be great among them, the mighty Co the blind when he had thrown away his cloke B. he threw away his cloke aud GWCT. he cast away his garment from him . . . and Go saved thee, helped thee Co Chapter XI. other BGWCTCo'. some Co to see if. to see whether WT never man while the world standeth BGWCT. evermore Co. any more Co' high priests high priests Jesus BWCCoT. Co' a very prophet. for then Jesus G. but Jesus a true prophet Co Chapter XII. when the time was come BWCCoT. at a time G. when the time was Co'. at the time To the they . . . brake his head the ' Co' omits 'and.' a ' delight.' ' C ' seen." salvum fecit. St. Mark 103 Eheims — Authorised. 6 therefore having yet one son B ha-ving yet therefore one son A last 10 rejected 12 and they sought to lay hands on him B and they sought to lay hold on him A [and they sought to lay hold upon him] [Co'^ Earlier Versions, and so when he had yet but one , , . son BG. yet had he one aon GWT. then had he yet one son only Co. wherefore he ' having yet one son CoTao at the last, the last G disallowed B. did refuse GWCT. refused Co they went about also to take him BC. and ' they went about to take him they 17 render' give 22 the seven seven BGWCT. they all aeven Go. seven Co', those seven To woman [C^] wife 23 the aeven seven 29 and Jesus Jesus 37 David therefore David BCCo'. then David GWT. David Co 44 abundance* [Co'] superfluity Chapter XIII, saith what manner of stones and in aynagoguea ahall you be beaten B and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten A [and in synagogues shall ye be beaten] [Co'] and you shall B and ye ahall A[Cd'] for a testimony' 11 beforehand [To] in that hour 15 take [Go'] 16 for to take his garment B[To] for to take up his garment A there said what stones, what manner stones To and to synagogues and ye shall be whipped JB. and into ' the aynagogues : ye shall be beaten GW. and into the " synagogues and ye shall be beaten CCoZ' yea and shall BCT. and GW. and shall Co that this might be for a witness B. for a testimonial GWCT. for a witness CoTav aforehand. afore GCo' in the same hour BC. at the same time GWCoT. the same hour Co' fetch to take his garment with him B. unto the things which he left behind him, for" to take his clothes with him' GWCT. to fetch hia clothea Go. to fetch his garment Co' ' Tav omits 'he.' 'GW' then.' ' G ' to.' ' Co omits ' into the.' ' G omits ' with him.' " reddite. * ex eo quod abundabat. ' testimonium. ' G omits 'for.' I04 Table I eims — Authorised. 17 woe to them 20 the days [Co'] 2S foretold you all things 25 that are in heaven [Co'] 27 from the uttermost part of the earth 32 nor the Son, but the Father R neither the Son, but the Father A 85 or at the cockcro^wing [Co'] 36 lest coming Earlier Versions. woe shall be then to them BWCM. then woe shall be to them G. woe unto them Co. woe is then to them 7". woe shall be then to women (vidth child) Tav those days shewed you all things before BGWCT. told you all before Co. told you all things before Co' which are in heaven, of the heavens Co from the end of the earth BC. from the utmost part of the earth G. from one end of the world' WCoT. from the highest part of the earth Go' neither the Son himself, save the Father only' BGWCT. no, not the Son him self, but the Father only Co. nor the Son save the Father Co', neither the Son himself, but the Father To whether at the cockcrowing BWCT. at the cockcrowing G. or about the cock- crowing Co lest if he come BGWCT. that he come not , , , and Co. lest when he cometh Co' 1, 43, 55 chief priests 2 on [Co'] of the people 5 murmured [To] 9 for a memory ' R for a memorial A 20 dish 21 indeed goeth 26 an hymn* being said R when they had sung hymn A 29 all 33 heavy iJ very heavy A 34 sorrowful R exceeding sorrowful A death Chapter XIV. high priests in among the people, in the people Co grudged in remembrance, for a remembrance Co' platter truly goeth BC. truly . . , goeth GW. truly goeth forth Go. goeth T when they had praised God B. when an they had simg a psahn G. when they had sung the song W. when they had said grace GGoT. when the grace was said Go', when they had given praises Tav aU men. they all Co' in an agony, in great heaviness GW exceeding hea'vy B. heavy CCo the death very heavy GWT. Co ' earth." ' G omits ' only.' ' memoriam. ' hymno. Si. Mark 105 Rheims — Authorised. 43 the scribes and the 48 are you come out B are ye come out A 53 assembled together R were assembled A 65 beat him with buffets R buffet him A[Co'] 68 neither know I R I know not A 1, S, 10, 11, 31 chief priests 6 he was wont to release E he released A 8 multitude 9 release 11 release 14 why, what evil 15 released 21 a Cyrenian 22 being interpreted ' 27 and -with him they crucify 29 passed by 84 being interpreted 40 looking on afar off 44 sending for R calling unto him A 5 entering into 11 did not believe R believed not A EarUer Versions. scribes and ye be come out. ye are come forth Co came BGWCT. come C. were come together Co. came together To beat him with fists, smite him with fists Co I know him not Chapter XV. high priests Pilate did deliver BGWC. he was wont to deliver Co. .Pilate was wont to deliver T. was he wont ... to let loose Co' people let loose BGCCo'. loose WT. give loose Co deliver BGWCT. give . . . loose Co. let . . . loose Co' what evil BGCoT. but what evil G. yea, but what evil W let loose BGCo'. loosed GWT. gave . . . loose Co of Cyrene if a man interpret it BC. by interpreta tion GWCo. interpreted Tav and they crucified with him BWCT. they crucified also with him G. and they crucified him ¦with Co. and they crucify with him Go'Tav went by if one interpret it BC. by interpreta tion GCo'. if it be interpreted WT. interpreted CoTav a good way off beholding him BWCT. which beheld afar off G. which beheld this afar off Go. afar off beholding him Tav. beholding it afar off Go' when he had called imto him' BCo'. called unto him . . . and GWCT. called . . . and Co Chapter XVL when they went into B. they went into . . . and believed it not. did not believe it Co' interpretatum. ' Co' omits ' unto him.* io6 Table I Bhei-ms — Authorised. 14 exprobrated' iJ upbraided them with A 19 sat on EarUer Versio-ns. cast in their teeth BWCT. reproved them of G. rebuked Co. reproached them for To sat him down on BM. sat at G. sitteth at WCo. is on C. is set down on T ST. LUKE. Chapter I. 6 and they were both 8 in the order of his course [Go'] 10 praying without [Co'] at the hour of the incense B[Go'] at the time of incense A 17 the just 25 to take away my reproach 38 handmaid [Tav] 41, 44 did leap B leaped A[Go'] 43 whence is this 46 doth magnify 48 regarded all generations shall 53 the rich he hath sent away empty B the rich he hath sent empty away A 56 and she returned B and returned A 57 full time 59 they called 63 a writing table 73 the oath they were both BGGo. both were GWT. and they both Go' as his course came BGT. as his course came in order GW. when his course came Co without in prayer while the incense was burning' the just man. the righteous Co to take from me my rebuke BGWC. to take away from me my rebuke Co. to take from me the rebuke that I suffered T. to take away my rebuke Co'' handmaiden, servant G sprang ' whence cometh this BG. whence hap- peneth this WGT. how happeneth thia Co magulfieth looked on. looked upon Co shall all generations BCCoT. shall all ages GW. ahall all kindreda Tav sent away the rich empty BGWC. letteth the rich go empty Co. sendeth away the rich empty T. left the rich empty Co', aendeth the rich empty Tav and afterward returned B. after, she returned G. and returned again WGTCo'. then returned , , , again Co time calledwriting tables and that he would perform the oath BC. and the oath GW. even, the oath Go. and to perform the oath T exprobravit. CCor 'aburnynge.' T ' spronge ' in v. 41. St. Luke Eheims — Authorized. 74 that he would give to us R that he would grant unto us A 80 in the deserts ' the day of his manifestation R the day of his shewing A 107 Earlier Versions. for to give us BCCoT. which was, that he would grant unto us GW. and to give unto us Tav in wilderness BWCTGo'. in the wilder ness GGo the day came of his shewing B. the day came when ' he should shew himself GWCT. the time that he should shew himself Co 1 Caesar Augustus 10 fear not [Co'] 18 the heavenly army R the heavenly host A[Co'] 14 in earth peace R on earth peace A 17 conceming this child 18 that were reported to them by the shepherds R which were told them by the shepherds A 22 according to 23 male 24 to give a sacrifice R to offer a sacriflce A according as it is written R according to that which is said A 27 in spirit R[Tav] by the Spirit A and blessed God [Go'] 35 thine own soul R [Co-"] thy own soul A, revealed ' 36 Anne a prophetess B one Anna a prophetess A she was 38 coming in 49 be about Chapter II, Augustus Caesar BG. August the Emperor WT. Augustus the Emperor CCo be not afraid heavenly soldiers, heavenly hosts Co peace on the earth BGT. peace in earth GW. peace upon earth Co. peace be in earth Go', peace in the earth Tav of this child BCo. of that same child W. of that child GCr which were told them of the shepherds BGWCTCo'. which the shepherds had told them Co after man child BGWCMGo. man T to offer BWCT. to give an oblation G. that they might give the offering Co as it is aaid BGTCo^. as it is commanded GW. aa it is written Co by inspiration BCCoT. by the ¦motion of the Spirit G. by inspiration of the Holy Ghost W and praised God. [ ]CT thy soul opened a prophetess one Anna which was. the same was Go' coming . . . upon them, came forth . . , and CGoT go about, be in Co' ' desertis. ' G'that.' ' revelentur. io8 Table I Eheims — Authorized. 3 country 7 multitudes B multitude A 8 fruits worthy of 9 and now the axe is B and now also the axe is A 11 give to him B impart to him A [give unto him] [Co'] 14 and the soldiers [Co'] 16 I indeed mightier whose latchet of his shoes B the latchet of whose shoes A 17 he will burn 21 Jesus also being baptized and praying 22 descended' 8 and Jesus [Co'] 14 through 15 all 19 to preach [Go'] 23 do also here in thy country [Co'] 36 what word is this B what a word is this A unclean 38 besought him [Co'] 1 and it 2 standing by the lake [Co'] 11 their ships 12 when a man and seeing Jesus B who seeing Jesus A EarUer Versions. Chapter III. coasts, region Co' . people due fruits of. fruits worthy G now also is the axe. the axe is . . . already Co. for even now is the axe Co' part with him the soldiers, then the soldiers Co indeed I B. truth it ia that I GW. I CGoT. I verily Go' stronger whose shoes' latchet. whose shoe latchet GGoT will he burn BWCT. will he burn up G. shall burn Co. shall he burn Co' and when ' Jesus was baptized and did pray BGGT. and Jesus also was baptized and did pray W. and when Jesus also was baptized and prayed Co came down Chapter IV. Jesus, but Jesus GW throughout all men. every man Co and to preach BCCoT. and ' that I should preach GW, and preach M do the same here also* in thine own country, do it here likewise in thine own country G what manner of saying is this B. what thing is this GCo'. what manner a thing is this WGT. what manner of thing is this Co foul made intercession to him BWCT. re quired him G. prayed him Go Chapter V. it, then it GW stand by the lake ' side their boats B. the ships that when BG. as there was a man and when he had spied' Jesua BWCT. and when he saw Jesus GCo'. when he saw Jesus Co ' G ' that." ' descendit. ' W omits ' and.' * BWCT ' likewise.' ' BT ' lakes. • Tav ' espied.' St. Luke log Eheims — Authorized. 14 go [Co'] testimony '. 19 multitude into the midst 24 hath power in earth to forgive sins B[Co'^ hath power upon earth to for give sins A into thy house B[Co'] into thine house A 25 that wherein he lay R that whereon he lay A 29 others 30 their Pharisees and Scribes R their Scribes and Pharisees ^[Co'] 34 children of the bridegroom R[Co'][Tav] children of the bridechamber j1 86 a similitude . , . unto them B a parable unto them A [a similitude unto them] [Co'] otherwise B if otherwise A EarUer Versions. go, saith he BGC. that he should go WT. go thy way, said he Go witness press, people Co even into the midst B. in the midst GWTCoK even in the midst C. among them Co hath power to forgive sins on' earth. hath authority to forgive sins in earth G unto thine ' house BG. to thine house 6, home to thy house WT. home Go his couch whereon he lay B. his bed whereon he lay GWCT. the bed that he had lien upon Co. the bed wherein he lay Go' other, the other To they that were Scribes and Pharisees among them, the Scribes and Pha risees CCor children of the wedding chamber BG. children of the wedding WGT. wed ding children Co unto them a similitude BWCCo. unto them a parable G. unto them in a similitude T for then BG. for if he do, then WCT. for else Co. else Co' Chapter VI. 3 himself 10 looking about upon them all B looking round about upon them all A 13 named' [Co'] 18 unclean [Co'] 21 flUed [Tav] 25 mourn and weep 33 do good to them that do you good R do good to them which do good to you A [do good unto them that do you good] [Co'] he himself, he Co when he had beheld them all in com pass B. he beheld them all in compass and GWCT. he beheld them all round about and Co. beholding them all round about Tav called foul satisfled mourn and wail B. wail and weep GWCTCo'. weep and wail Co do good for them which do good for you BGWC. do good for your good doers Co. do for them which do for you T ' testimonium. W ' in,' Co ' upon.' ' nominavit. ' C'thy.' no Table I Rheims — Authorised. 85 hoping 42 caat firat the beam out J2[Co'] cast out flrst the beam A 46 the things which I say 48 founded' 49 without a foundation incontinent it fell R immediately it fell A ruin' EarUer Versions. looking cast out the beam out . , . first, first caat the beam out Co as I bid you BWCT. the things that I speak G. that I say unto you Co. those things that I say Co' grounded, builded Co' without foundation it feU immediately JBCOo. it fell by and by GWT. it fell anon Co' fall Chapter VII. 1 and when R now when A 7 neither did I think myself B neither thought I myself A 10 they . . . being returned home B they . . . returning to the house A 12 the only son of his mother 16 and, That God 22 the lame walk [Co''] 26 went you out for to see B went ye out for to see A 28 but [Co'] 81 whereunto then [Co^ 39 thia man if he were a prophet 41 creditor [Tav] 47 but to whom when I thought not myself. I thought myself (unworthy) also Co' they . , . when they were returned home B. when they . . , turned back G. they . . , turned back home again and WCT. when they , , . came home again Co. when they returned Co' which was the only " son of his mother BCCoT. who was the only begotten son of his mother GW. the only son unto his mother Co' and verily God B. and God the halt go. the halting go Co went ye forth to see. are ye gone out • for to see Co nevertheless, notwithstanding Co whereunto if this man ' were a prophet, he lender to whom, but unto whom Co S others 4 and when 6 the rock R a rock A moisture 8 other some R other A Chaptee 'VIIL other when, now when GCo stones B. the stones G. the WCoTav. stone CT. a stone Co moistnes^ some stone fuiidat^, ' ruina, ' Tav ' only begotten,* * Co' ' forth." ' Co' omits 'man.' St. Luke in Rlieims — Authorised. 10 seeing, they may not see R seeing, they might not see A hearing, may not understand R hearing, they might not under stand A 11 and the parable is this B now the parable ia this A 13 rock 14 pleasures of this life [Co'] 15 which in hearing the word B having heard the word A 17 come abroad 20 desirous to see thee B desiring to see thee A .34 there was made a calm R there was a calm A 27 forth 29 unclean driven [Co'] 35 they went forth R they went out ASJJ^ 37 to depart 39 the whole city [Co'] 40 was returned 42 an only daughter B[C'?] one only daughter A\J!av] 45 allthrong and press thee R throng thee and press thee A 47 and the woman B and when the woman A 49 trouble him not B[ Co'] trouble not the Master A EarUer Versions. when they see, they should not see BGWCT. though they see it, they should not see it Go. they may see and see not Co' when they hear, they should not under stand BGWCT. though they hear it, they should not understand Go. that they may hear and not understand Co' the parable is this BGCTav. the simili tude is this WT. this is the parable Co. but this ia the parable Co^ atones, stone Co voluptuous living, voluptuousness of this life Co which with BGWCT. that , . . in Co. that in Co' hear the word and come to light ' willing to see thee BCo\ and would see thee it waxed calm, it was calm G out. out of the ship Go'Tav foul carried they came out. went they out Co that he would depart all the city was come again, came again Co but one daughter only BC. but a daughter only GWT. but one daughter Co every man BGWCTCo'. they all Co thrust thee and vex thee BGT. thrust thee and tread on thee GW. throng thee and thrust thee Co. throng thee and trouble thee Co' when the woman. bu> when the woman Co disease not the Master 1 cure' ' 8 for the way R for your journey A Chapter IX. heal to your journey BGWC. by the way Co. to succour you by the way T. towards your journey Tav ' GCr have ' come abroad ' in preceding clause, where RAB have ' be made manifest.' ' curarent. 112 Table I Bheims-rAuihorised. 8 others 10 a desert' place which be- longeth to Bethsaida R a desert place belonging to the city called Bethsaida A [a desert place that belongeth to Bethsaida] [Co'] 11 need of cure JB[Co'] need of healing A 12, 16 multitudes R multitude A 14 make them sit down [Tav] 17 fragments' [Tav] 22 rejected and chief priests 25 if he gain lose himself and cast away himself R lose himself or be cast away A 26 and his Father's R and in hia Father'a A 29 altered " [raw] his raiment white and glister ing iJ hia raiment waa white and glistering A 31 decease 32 that stood [Co'^ 34 when they entered into the cloud B aa they entered into the cloud A[Go'] 39 he suddenly crieth B he suddenly crieth out A renting him B bruising him A 41 and Jesus [Go'] Earlier Versions. some BGWCMGo. other T a solitary place nigh' unto' the* city called ' Bethsaida. a solitary place by the city called Bethsaida Co need to be healed, need thereof Co people cause them to sit down broken meat, broken pieces Co' reproved BGWCTCo'. cast out Co and of the high priests, and high priests Co' if he win BGWC. though he wanne Co. to win T. if he did win Co' lose himself or run in danger of himself B. destroy himself or lose himself G. lose himself and' run in damage of himself WCT. loseth himself or runneth in damage of himself Co and of hia Father B. and in the glory of the' Father GWCoT. and in the majesty of hia ' Father GGo' changed BGWCTCo'. changed of another fashion Co his garment shining very white B. his garment waa white and glistered ff. hia garment was white and shone" WGGoT. his apparel was white and shining Co' departingstanding when they were come into" the cloud BGT. when they were entering into the cloud GW. when the cloud covered them Co suddenly he crieth. suddenly he crieth out Go' when he renteth him BCo'. when he hath bruised him GW. when he hath rent him CCor Jesus BWCT. then Jesus G. then , , , Jesus Co ' desertum, ' G ' near.' called.' ' fragmentorum. '° altera. " Co ' shined." ' GWT 'to.' ' CT ' or." « " T < under.' * T'a.: WCoT 'Ma: » C ' that is » Co' ' the." St. Luke 113 Rheims — Authorised. 45 this word B this saying A[Co'] perceived it not 46 greater E[Co'] greateat A[Tav] 47 but Jeaus seeing B[Co'] and Jesus perceiving A Earlier Versions. that word should not understand it B. could not perceive it G. understood it not WCGoT the greatest when Jesus perceived BCT. when Jesus saw GW. but when Jesus saw Co Chapter X. 2 the harvest truly that he send B that he would send A [that he will send] [Co'] 4 carry not purse B carry neither purse A 7 hire 12 more tolerable 14 but it shall be more tolerable 17 subject' 18 as a lightning fall from heaven B as lightning fall from heaven A 20 subject ' unto you [aubject to you] [Tav] 21 in that very hour B in that hour A 22 delivered to me 34 took care of him ' 35 repay thee the harvest. to send the harvest verily Co' bear no wallet BWCTGo'. bear no bag G. hear neither wallet Co reward, wages G easier therefore it ahall be easier, nevertheless it ahall be easier CCor subduedaa it had been lightning fall ' down from heaven BWCT. like lightning fall down from heaven G. fall down from heaven as lightning Co. fall down from heaven like the lightning Co'. aa lightning fall down from heaven Tav subdued unto you BCCo. under your power the same hour B. that same hour GWC. at the same hour Go. that same time r given me BGWCTCo''. given over unto me Go made provision for him. provided for him Co' recompense thee, pay it thee Co i every one [Go'] 13 know how to give 29 it [Co'] 31 in the judgment 32 in the judgment [Tav] 33 in secret B in a secret place A Chapter XI. every man. all them Co have knowledge to give B. can give themin judgment BGW. at the judgment GoTav. at judgment T in judgment BGW. at the judgment in a privy place BGWCGoT. in the dark Co', in a hid place Tav ' subiiciuntur. ' BG ' falling.' I ^ curam eius egit. 114 Table I Eheims — Authorised. 45 thou speakeat to our reproach B thou reproaehest us A 48 they indeed 49 also . . . said B also said A[Tav] 52 those that did enter' R them that were entering in A [them that did enter] [Co''] Earlier Versions. thou puttest us to rebuke they. Said they verily Co' them that came in BGWCT. them that would have been in Co. The enterers in Tav Chapter XII. 10 shall blaspheme against R blasphemeth against A[Co'] 11 magistrates ^ and potestates R magistratea and powera A say [Go'] 15 not in any man"s . . . doth his life consist R a man'a life consisteth not in .A [no man's life consisteth in] [Co'] 16 spake 20 of thee 21 layeth up 26 the rest [Go'][Tav] 27 glory'arrayed 29 seek 30 all these thinga the nations ... do seek R all theae things do the nations . . . seek after A 37 watching 89 and thia know 41 Lord doat thou speak R Lord speakest thou A 46 appoint' his portion R appoint him his portion A blasphemeth. shall blaapheme OW the rulers and officers BWCCoT. the rulers and princes G. rulers and powera Go' 49 what will I [Go'] no man's life standeth iu BCT. though a man . . . yet his life standeth not iu GW. no man liveth thereof (that he hath abundance) Co put forth, told Co from thee gajthereth the remnant, the other Co royalty, majeaty Co' clothed ask*all such thinga do ' the heathen ' people . . . aeek for BGWCT. the heathen . . . aeek after all such things Go. these things do all the heathen . . . aeek Co'. all these the heathen people . . . seek for Tav wakingthis understand BWCT. now under stand this G. but be sure of this Co Master telleat thou BGWCT. Lord tellest thou Co. Lord dost thou tell Co'. Master speakest thou Tav set him his portion B. give him his portion GCo'. give him hia reward WCGoT. put his part Tav what is my deaire. what would 1 rather Co introibant. ' magistratus. ' gloria. * GoT ' ' GWT omit ' do." ' BG omit ' heathen." ' ponet. St. Luke 115 Eheims — AiUhorised. 50 but I have to be baptized with a baptism B but I have a baptism to be baptized with A straitened 55 that there will be heat B there will be heat A 57 why of yourselves also judge you not B why even of yourselves judge ye not A 59 the very last mite EarUer Versions. notwithstanding I must be' baptized with a baptism, but I must be bap tized with a baptism Co' pained BCCoT. grieved GW. pressed Tav it will be hot. -we shall have heat WT why judge ye not of yourselves, why judge not ye by yourselves Co' the uttermost miteBTan. the utmost mite 1 that very time R that season A [that time] [Co'] telling him R that told him A their sacrifices [Co'] [To] 2 sinners more than all the Galilaeans R sinners above all the Gali leans A 8 about it [Co'] 12 infirmity' 15 to water B[Go'] to watering A 16 lo, these eighteen years 17 all things that were gloriously ' done R all the glorious things that were done A [all the things that were gloriously done] [Co'] 18 whereunto BlCo'] unto what A and whereunto [C] 19 cast into 21 three measures of meal till the whole was 28 youJR you yourselves A Chapter XIII. the same season that shewed him. she-wing him Co' their own sacrifice BWCCoT. their own sacrifices G. their sacrifice Tam greater sinners than all the' other Galileans, more sinners than all the Galileans Co' round about it disease, sickness Co' to the water lo, eighteen years BGWCT. now eighteen years Go. eighteen years Co', lo . . . eighteen years Tav nil the excellent things' that were done. aU the glorious deeds that were done Tav what or whereto, or whereunto Co sowed in BGWCT. cast in Go. cast it into Co' three pecks of meal' till all -was BC. three bushels of flour till all was WT. three pecks of meal till it was all Co ye yourselves BC. yourselves Co ' first be.' ' Co omits ' the,' Tav ' thother ' for ' the other.' " infirmitate. * gloriose. ' JBCCoI" deeds." ' G 'flour.' I a ii6 Rheims — Authorized. 35 when you shall say R when ye shall say A Table I Earlier Versions. that ye shall say. that ye say Co' Chaptee XIV. 7 them . . . that were invited R those which were bidden A [them that were bidden] [Go'] 9 place 15 that sat at the table with him, had heard R that aat at meat with him, heard A 21 master of the house streets and lanes [To] the guests 28,29 finish 30 finish it R finish A[Tav] 31 to make war 3 and he spake [Tav] 12 of substance R of gooda A 14 famine ' 23 the fatted 25 his elder son [Co*] ' musick 26 he called these things 29 transgressed 30 for him [Tav] room that sat at meat also heard BWCT. that sat at table heard G. that sat by at the table heard Co. that sat with them at board heard Go' goodman of the house, householder Tav. broad streets and lanes B. places and streets GW. streets and quarters CCor perform make an end BGWCT. perform Co. bring it to an end Co' to make battle BGWCTCo'. to battle Co Chaptee XV. but he put forth BG, then spake he Gf. then put he forth WT. but he told Co, and he told Co' of the substance B, of the goods dearth that fat BWG. the fat G. a fed Co. that fatted T. a fat Co' the elder brother, the elder son Go minstrelsy BWCT. melody G. the minstrelsy Co called those things BGWCTCo'. it Co brake BGWCT. have . . . broken CoTav. did . , . transgress Co' for his pleasure BWCT. for his sake ff [ ] Go. him Co' Chapter XVI. 2 account B an account A [Co'] 3 to beg [Co'] 9 make unto you friends of the mammon of iniquity B make to yourselves friends of the mammon of unright eousness A you fail R ye fail A accounts, an accounts G and to beg make you friends of the unrighteous mammon BCCo\ make you friends with the riches of iniquity GW. make you friends with ' the wicked mammon Cor ye shall have need BGGo. ye shall want ff. ye shall depart WT fames. ' Co' 'with.' ' T'of,' St. Luke 117 Eheims — Authorized. 14 and the Pharisees which were covetoua, heard all these things and they derided' him R and the Pharisees also who were covetoua, heard all these things, and they de rided him A 16 from JJ[Co'] since A 17 and it is easier for heaven and earth to paaa 25 good thinga R thy good things A[Tav] 26 fixed pass 31 and he said Earlier Versions. all these things ' heard the Pharisees also' which were covetoua, and they mocked * him greatly ' and since, and from Co easier it is for heaven and earth to pass away BW. now it is more easy that heaven and earth ahould paas away G. but ° easier is it for heaven and earth to perish CCo. sooner shall heaven and earth perish T. but it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away Co' thy pleasure BWCT. thy pleasures G. good Co stedfastly aet B. set go BGWCTCo'. go down Go he said BCCoT. then he said GW. but he said Co' Chaptee XVIL 4 if he 6 you might say R ye might say A 11 it came to pass 13 lifted up 17 were [Co'] 25 rejected 27 were given to marriage R were given in marriage A[Tav] until [Co'] entered ' [Co'] 31 in that [Co'] let him not return back R let him . . not return back A though he ye should say BTav. and should .say GWCT. and say Go. ye shall say Co' so it was BGW. it chanced CT. it fortuned Co. it befell Tav put forth, lift up GCo are disallowed B. reproved GW. refused CCoT were married, gave in marriage GW unto went at that BGWCT. and at that Co. and that Tav let not him . . . turn back again likewise " to the things that he left behind BC. let him not turn back to that he left be hind GW. let him not turn back for it that is behind him Co. let not him . . . turn back again to that he left be hind T. let him . . . not go back Co' ' TaB omits 'things.' ' Co omits ' also.' ' deridebant. * To 'scoffed at.' ' GTFCCor omit ' greatly." '_C omits ' but," 'intravit. ' C omits ' likewise." ii8 Table I Rheims — Authorised. 34 taken 36 the one shall be taken and the other shall be left B the one shall be taken and the other left A Earlier Versions. received the one ahall be received and the other left alone B. one shall be received, and another shall be left G. ihe one shall be received and the other forsaken C. [ ] WCoT. the one shall be received and the other shall be left Co' Chapter XVIII. 1 he spake . he spake . . . to them B . unto them A[Tav] 12 tithes [Co'] 15 and they brought 36 multitude 37 they told him [Co'] he put forth . . . unto them BWCT. he spake also . . . unto them ff. he told them Co. he told . , - unto them Co' tithe, the tithes Co they brought people they said unto him. said they unto him Co Chapter XIX. 3 what he was B who he was A i syeomore' pass 5 come down in haste R make haste, and come down A 6 he in haste came down R he made haste, and came down A 8 standing iJ[Co'] stood, and A defrauded any man of any thing R taken any thing from any man by falae accusation A 12 return 15 having received had gained by occupying R had gained by trading A 17 in a little R in a very little A what he ahould be BCCoT. who he should be GW. who he were Co' wild fig come come down at once BGWCM. come down hastily Co. at once come down T. hasten thee down Tav he came down hastily, he came down in haste Co' stood forth, and taken from any man by forged cavilla- tion BGW. done any man wrong CT. defrauded any man Co. beguiled any man Co' come again, return again Co^ receiving B. and had received GWT. when he had received C. after that' he had received Co had gained in occupying B. had gained G. had auantaged W. had done CCor. had occupied Go^. had merchandysed Tav in a very little thing BGWCT. in the least Go. in little Co:' sycomorum. ' Go' omits 'that.' St. Luke 119 Rheims^Authorised. 19 and he said to him R and he said likewise to him A and be thou over Ji;[Co'] be thou also over A 21, 22 austere " 23 usury' 24 the ten pounds R ten pounds ^[roii] 25 ten pounds [Tav] 27 but as for iSiCo'] but A 28 he went before [Tav] 29 the mount called Olivet B the mount called the mount of Olives A [mount called Olivet] [Tav] 37 when he approached now to the descent' R when he was come nigh even now at the descent A [when he now approached near to the descent] [Tav] 89 multitudes B multitude A 42 they are [Co'] 47 cliief priests Earlier Versions. and to the same he said BGWCT. and to ' him he said Co. he aaid also to this Tav be thou also ruler over BGWCT. and thou shalt be over Co. and be thou also ruler over Tav strait BGWCT. hard Co. stern Tav vantage BGWCGoT. gains Tav. auaun tage Co' ten pieces BGW. ten pound ten pieces BGW. ten pound moreover, as for Co he went forward B. he went * forth before GWT. he proceedeth forth C. he went on forward Go. he went afore Co' the mount which ' is called Olivet BCCo'. the mount which is called the mount ' of Olives GW. mount Olivet CoT when he was now come nigh ' to the going down BGWC. when he went down Co. when he waa now come where he ahould go down T. when he came now near to the going down Co' company BGWCTCo', Tav are they, is it Go high priests people Co. train 1 chief priests [Tav] 9 a long time 11 another [Co'] 12 and again 3,5 what therefore will B what therefore sha.ll A 16 give the vipeyard Chaptee XX. high priests a great season, a great time To yet another again B. moreover G. moreover . , . too WT. again also C. and besides this Co. and Co', [he sent the third] too Tav what then shall B. what shall . therefore GWCCo'. what shall now Co. now what ahall T let out his vineyard BWCCoT. give out his vineyard G. give his vineyard Co' Co' ' unto.' ' Co' ' that." ' austerus, « IF 'hill,' ° usuris. ' G 'near.* * TTI" proceeded.' ' descensum. I20 Table I Eheims — Authorised. . 17 which the builders rejected 19 chief priests sought [Co'] 21 rightly [raw] 25 render ' therefore and the things that are God's to God B and unto God the things which be God's ^[Co'J 31 in like manner also all the seven B and in like manner the seven also A 34 marry and are given in mar riage ' 35 neither marry 36 neither can they die any more 46 will walk E desire to walk A i abundance ' 5 adorned* 9 terrified ' 11 famines' 12 drawing you R[Co'] being brought A 13 testimony R a testimony A[Tav] 15 which all . . . shall not able to resist and gainsay which all . . . shall not able to gainsay nor resist Earlier Versions. that the builders disallowed B. that the builders refused GWCT. which the builders refuaed Co high priests went about right give then and to God the things that pertain unto God BC. and to God those which are God's G. and to God that which per taineth to God WT. and unto God that which is God'a Co and in like wiae the residue of the seven BWCT. and so likewise the seven ff. likewise all the seven Co. likewise alao they all seven Co', likewise the residue of the seven Tav marry wives and are married BGWCT. marry and be married Co. do marry and are given to marriage Go', marry wives and are given to marriage Tav do not marry wives BG. neither marry wives Girr. shall neither man-y, Co. for neither can they die any more B. for they can die no more GWCo. nor yet can die any more CT. neither shall they be able to die any more Co''. nor can die any more Tav will go BCCoTav. desire to go GWT. willingly go To Chaptee XXI. superfluity BGWCT. excess Co. it that was abundant (unto them) Co' garnished afraid hungers B. hunger GWCT. dearth Co and shall bring you BC. and bring you a testimonial, a witness Co be whereagainst all . . . shall not be able to R speak nor resist BGWCT. against the be which all . . . shall not be able to A speak nor to resist Co. the which all . . . ahall not be able to withstand and gainsay Co', whereunto all . . . shall not be able to gainsay or resist Tav ' reddite. traduntur ad nuptias. ' terreri. abundanti. fames. * ornatum. St. Luke 121 Eheims — Authorized. 16 and you ahall be B and ye shall be A 18 a hair 19 in your patience [Co^ 20 compassed about with an army B compassed with .armies A know 21 enter into it B enter thereinto A 24 by the edge times [Co'][ra«] 25 distress of nations 26 men JR[Co'] [Tav] men's 34 and look well R and take heed A overcharged [Co'] Earlier Versions. yea, ye ahall be BGWTav. moreover ye ahall be Co. but ye shall be C. yea, and ye shall be T one hair, an hair Tav by your patience BGW. by patience C. with patience Co. with your patience T besieged with an host BCCoT. besieged with soldiers GW. besieged with hosts Tav be sure BGCo. understand enter therein BGWCTCo"'. come therein Co through the edge BCCo. on the edge time trouble among the nations BG. the people shall be in . . . perplexity WCoT. the people shall be at their wits' end C. anguish of people Co', affliction of people Tav and men's, and men Go take heed, but take heed Co. but take ye heed Co' overcome BWCT. oppressed G. over laded Go. grieved Tav Chaptee XXII. 2, 4, 66 chief priests 3 that was surnamed B surnamed A [which was surnamed] [Co'] 6 promised [Go'] apart from the multitudes B in the absence of the multi tude A 15 with desire I have desired 21 but yet behold B but behold A 22 according to that which is de termined B as it was determined A [aa it ia determined] [Co'] 26 he that is the greater ... let him become as R[Co'] he that is greatest ... let him be as A high priests whose surname was BWCT. called G. named Co who was consented without tumult B. when the people were away GWCT. without any rumour Co with hearty desire I have desired B. I have earnestly desired GW. I have inwardly desired CT. I have heartily desired Co. I have desiringly desired Tav yet behold BGWCT. but lo Co. never theless behold Co' as it is appointed, as is appointed Tav he that is greatest . . . shall be aa BWCT. let the greatest ... be as ff. the greatest . . . shall be aa Co, the greater . . , shall be as Tav 123 Table I Eheims — Authorized. 30 thrones' 31 Satan hath required to have you for to sift R Satan hath desired to have ' you that he may sift you A 34 knowest [To] 37 this that is written and , , . he iJ and he A[Co'] those things that are concern ing me R the things concerning me A 40 was come to the place R was at the place A 43 strengthening him 47 behold a multitude 50 cut off [Co'] 51 suffer ye thus far 52 chief priests [Tav] 59 one hour this fellow also was with him 61 turning R turned, and A Earlier Versions. Satan hath earnestly' desired to sift you BG. Satan hath desired you, to winnow you GWT. Satan hath de sired after you* that he might sift you Co knewest. [to have] known Co' the same which is written BGWC. it . . . that is written Co. that which is written T. it which ia written Co' even . , . he. he Co those things which = are written of me BCTCo'. doubtleaa those things which are written of me GW. look, what is written of me, it Go. those things which are of me Tav came to the place BGWCTCo'. came thither Co comforting him BGWCTCo', and com forted him Co behold there came a company BWCT. behold a company ff. behold the multitude Co took away B. strake off GW. stroke off C'To. smote off GoT suffer ye thus far forth BCT. suffer them thus far GW. suft'er them thus far forth CoM'To. suffer yet Co' high priests an hour this fellow was with him also? BCTm. even thia man' was with him GWT. this was "tvith him alao Co. this man also was with him Co' turned back and BGWCT. turned him about and Co. turned about and Co'. turned aback and Tav Chapter XXIII. 4 chief priests high priests 5 he stirreth B he moveth BGWCT. he hath moved Co. he stirreth up A he hath stirred Co' motions in Tav . he maketh eom- from Galilee at Galilee 7 who . . . himself i2 which who himself A ' thronoa. " C omits 'earnestly.' ' 7" sift. • * Co* omits ' after you.' ' Co" that.' ' Tav omits ' also.' ' TFJ" fellow.' St. Luke 123 Eheims — Authorized. 10 and . , . the chief priests R and the chief priests A 11 set him at nought 13 chief priests 17 release 18 cried out [Co'] release 19 who sedition* [Co'] 20 release 22 why, what evil 25 releasedsedition ^ 26 country 28 turning 32 malefactors 85 with them derided ' him 36 and the soldiers 40 neither dost thou fear God R dost not thou fear God A 41 and we indeed justly ° 45 in the mids-t 46 saying this RlCo'] having said thus A 52 this man [Tav] 56 spices [Co'] have let loose Co' cried , . loose Co' but what evil G. . . and and Co. Earlier Versions. the high priests the high priests . . . also ff despised him high priests let . . . loose. cried aloud B. deliver, let . which insurrection let . . . loose BGWCTCo. deliver Co', dimisse Tav what evil BWCT. what evil then Co let loose insurrectionfield turning back B. turned back GWCT. turned him about . . turned . . . and Co' evil doers BCT, which were evil doers GW, which were misdoera Co. -wicked men Co', felons Tav mocked him with them, with them mocked him Co' tho soldiers fearest thou not God BGWCCo'. and thou fearest not God also Co. neither fearest thou God T and we truly are righteously punished B. we are indeed righteously here ff. we are righteously punished WCT. and truly we are therein by right Co. and surely we are therein by right Co'. we are justly punished Tav even through the midst, through the midst G when he thus had said, when he had so said Co he. the same Co' sweet odours BG. odours GWT. the spices Co 9 the rest [Ta/o] 12 stooping down [Tav] Chapter XXIV. the remnant, the other Co when he had looked in B. looked in and GW. stooped in and CCor. stooped down and Co' ' seditionem. ' deridebant. et nos quidem iuste. 124 Table I Rheims — Authorised. 19 concerning Jesus 20 chief priests 21 since these things were done 27 beginning in all the Scriptures the thinga that were concerning him B in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself A 28 whither they went 32 heart [Go'] 37 frighted iJ affrighted A 44 all things [Co'] written in the law . . . and the psalms of me E written in the law . . . and in the psalms concerning me A 49 I send [Tav] 61 whiles he blessed them B while he blessed them A 53 praising and blessing God [Tav] Earlier Versions. of Jesus BGWCTCu'. that of Jesus Co., of Jesu Tav high priests since they were done BTav. that they were done GWCT. that this was done Co. since these things happened Go' he began . . . and in all the Scriptures the ' things which were written of him ' BGW. iu all the Scriptures which were written of him CT. all the Scriptures that were spoken of him Go. all the Scriptures that were of him Co' which they went unto BCCo. which they went to GWT. whereunto they went Co' hearts afraid all written of me in the law psalms , and in the I will send BGWCGoT. I shall send Co'. I do send To as he blessed them, when he blessed them Go praising and lauding God. giving praise and thanks unto God Go ST. JOHN. Chapter I. 3 by him, and without him by it, and without it. by the same, and without the same Co 14 the only begotten of the the only begotten Son that came from Father the Father B. the only begotten Son of the Father 31 manifested' B declared, made known Co' made manifest A 33 remaining* tarrying still B. tari-y still GWCCoT. abiding Co' 35 the next day again John stood the next day after John stood again, the R next day John stood again G again the next day after John stood A [the next day again atood John] [Co'] BW ' those.' ' B 'himself.' ' manifestetur. * manentem. St. John 125 Rlmrns — Authorized. 36 beholding B looking upon A 41 he 42 which is, being interpreted ' 47 an Israelite in very deed B an Israelite indeed A 51 you shall see B ye shall see A[Co'] 1 Cana of Galilee [Co'] 2 to [Co'] 11 he manifested' B manifested forth 14 he found in the temple . . . and the bankers sitting B found in the temple . . . and the changers of money sitting A 15 the oxen 22 he aaid this B he had said this unto them A Earlier Versions. when he beheld B. he beheld . . . and GWCT. when he saw Co the same, this Tav which is, by interpretation, which is, interpreted Co' a right Israelite BCCoT. indeed an Israelite GW. a true Israelite Go' shall ye see Chapter II. Cana a city of Galilee BCT. Cana a town of Galilee GW. Cana in Galilee Go unto shewed, shewed forth G found sitting in the temple . . . and changers of money BWCCoT. found in the temple . . . and changers of money sitting there ff. fovmd in tho temple . . . and many exchangers sitting Co' oxen he thus had said BC. he thus said unto them GW. he thus said CoT. he said it Go' 28 do bear me witness R bear me witness A 31 from above [Co'] Chapter III. are witnesses BWCT. are my witnesses GGo. bear me record Co' from on high BGCo. from an high WCTTo Chapter IV. 1 when . . . therefore R when therefore A 6 Jesus therefore "wearied B Jesus therefore being wearied A 1 there cometh 7, 10 give me to drink 10 living water [Tav] 11 the living water R that living water A 12 himself 14 shall not thirst for ever R shall never thirst ..4 [Co'] 15 this water after that B. now when GCo, as soon as WCT. when . . . then Co' Jeaua then being weary BC. Jesus then "wearied GWT. now when Jesus was weary ... he Co. Jesus being weary Co' and there cometh B. there came also' GCo'. and there came WCT. then came there Co give me drink water of life, that water of life Co that water of life, the water of life Go' he himaelf. he Co' shall never be more athirst of that water BGWCT. Co. that water Co' that same water 1 interpretatum. ' manifestavit. ' G omits ' also.' 126 Table I Rheims — Authorised, 2 3 the Father also seeketh such R the Father seeketh such A 25 I know [Co'] 35 to harvest 39 and . . . many R and many A[Co'] 63 himself believed, and his whole house Earlier Versions. such the Father also requireth BC. the Father requireth even such G. verily such the Father requireth WT. the Father -will have such so Co. the Father also requireth such Co', such also the Father seeketh Tav I wot BCCo. I know well G. I wot well WT unto harvest, unto the harvest Co many, now many G he believed and all his household BffWCr. believed with his whole house Co, he and all his house did believe Co' Chapter V. 3 in theae lay in his in- 5 that had been . firmity' B which had an infirmity A 6 a long time 18 making [Co''] 19 what things soever- he doeth, these 20 himselfmay [Co'] 23 that all B that all men A[Oo'][Tav] doth not honour the Father B honoureth not the Father A[Go'][T.av] 26 so he hath given to the .Son also B so hath he given to th« Son A [so hath he also given unto the Son] [Co'] 27 to do judgment also B to execute judgment also A 34 I receive not testimony ' 35 you would . . . rejoice B ye were willing ... to rejoice A in which lay BWCT. in the which lay ff. wherein lay Go which had been diseased BGWCT. which hath lien sick Co. continuing in a disease Co' long time BGWCT. so long Co. a great while Go' and making B. and made whatsoever he doeth, that BWCCoT. whatsoever things he doeth, the same ¦ things ff. what things soever he doeth, the same Co' he himself, he Go'Tav should, shall CoTav because that all men. that they all Co the same honoureth not the Father so likewise hath he given to ' the Son. so hath he given the Son Tav also to judge BWCT. also to execute judgment GCo. to execute judgment .Co' I receive not the record BGWCT. I "take no record Go. I receive no record Co' ye would . . . have rejoiced, ye would have rejoiced CO infirmitate. ' Co ' unto." ' testimonium. Eheims — Authorised. 38 you have not R ye have not A 43 you will receive it ye will receive A 1 Jesus Went 12 fragments' 13 they gathered therefore S therefore they gathered A fragments ' R the fragments A[Tav] 18 by reason of 19 see [Co'] 22 boat . . . boat 23 boats 43 Jesus therefore answered 64 who they were [Co'] St. John 127 Earlier Versions. have ye not. have you not To will ye receive Chapter VL Jesus went his way. "went Jesus Co broken meat, broken pieces Co' and they gathered BGT. then they gathered GWCo. then gathered they Co' the broken meat, the broken pieces Co' with BGWCTCo'. through Co sawship . . . ship ¦ships Jesua aiiawered BWCCoT. Jesus then answered G, then anawered Jesua Co' which they were 5 neither did his believe in him 12 there was much mui-muring ... of him B there was much murmuring . . . concerning 'him A others [Tav] 15 letters* 23 are you angry at me B are ye angry at me A 25 aeek [Co'][Tav] 31 these which 33 yet a little time I am yet a little while am I 34 you cannot come R ye cannot come A 36 you cannot come R ye cannot come A 38 living water [Co'] 41 others 45 chief priests 49 that knoweth not B ¦who knoweth not A Chaptee VII. brethren neither his brethren believed in him B. as yet hia brethren believed not in him GWT. his brethren also' be lieved not in him CCo. his brethren "did not believe on him Co' touch murmuring of him was there B. much murmuring was there of him GWCT. there was a great murmur of llim Go. other, wother T the Scriptures BGWCTSo'. the Scripture Co disdain ye at me BWCTGo'. be ye angry with me G. disdain ye then at me Co go about these that BCCo' [ ] yet am I a little while. I am yet a little while Co can ye not come, can not ye come Co' cam ye not corne. can not ye come CoTo water of life, the "water of life Co otherhigh priests which know Jiot. which do not know Co' fragmenta. ' fragmentorum. C omits ' also.' litteras. 128 Table I Rheims — Authorised. EarUer Versions. Chapter VIII. 7 he that ia "without sin of you, let him first throw the stone R he that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone 21, 22 you cannot come R ye cannot come A 28 these things I speak B I speak these things A 31 my disciples indeed [Co'] 33 how sayest thou [Co'] 40 seek [Go''] [Tav] 52 we have known R we know A let him that is among you without sin, flrst cast the stone B. let him that is among you without sin, cast the flrst stone GWCT. he that is among you without sin, let him cast the flrst stone Co. which of you ia without sin, let him throw the flrst atone Co', the faultless person of you, flrst cast the stone Tav can ye not come, can not ye come Co even ao I speak theae things BC. so I speak these things G. even so I speak WCoT. speak I Co', these I speak Tav my very disciples, verily my disciples ff how aayeat thou then BCCo. why sayest thou then go about know we. do we know Co' 8 they whicli [Co'] that he waa [Co'] 9 he said [Co'] 12 I know not 19 how then doth he now see 21 we know not (2nd) 22 put out of the synagogue 25 I know not 28 reviled [To] but we are 31 him he heareth 34 thou wast 39 for judgment came I B for judgment I am come A 1 entereth not 12 whose own the sheep are not 39 they sought therefore B therefore they sought again A [therefore sought they] [Co'] how that he was Chaptee IX. they that when he waa BG. he himself said I cannot tell how doth he now see then cannot we tell B. can we not tell GWCCoT. we can not tell Co' excommunicate out of the synagogue. excommunicate CoTav I cannot tell checked WG. cursed Co' we be GWT. [ ]^ Co he. him doth he hear rated BCCoT. we are BCCo'. him heareth Go' thou art I am come unto ' judgment Chapter X. entereth not in neither the aheep are his own. whose own the sheep be not Co' again they went about, they went about again Co ' Co omits clause. 2 Co ' to.' St. John 129 Rheims — Authorized. Earlier Versions. Chapter XI. 19 conceming their brother over their brother BCCoT. for their brother GW. as concerning their brother Co' 32 had not died had not been dead, should not have died Co' 42 and I did know R howbeit I know BGCo. I know ff. I and I knew A wot WT. I knew Go' 45, 57 chief priests high priests 48 nation the people BWCT, the nation G, people Co this 51 and this 3 the feet of Jesus 6 the things that were put what was put therein A 10 chief priests 20 and there were 21 of Galilee [Co-"] 24 the grain of wheat R a corn of wheat A 32 if I be 34 abideth for ever [Co'] 35 in darkness 87 they believed not R[Co'] yet they believed not A 39 they could not believe 40 and be converted Chapter XII. Jesus' feet in R that which was given, it that was gi'ven Co' high priests they were, now there were G a city of Galilee B, in Galilee G. a city in Galilee WGT. out of Galilee Co the wheat corn if I were, when I am Oo abideth ever BTav. bideth for ever ff. bideth ever WCT. endureth for ever Co in the dark, in the darkness Co yet believed not they BCT. yet believed they not could they not believe, could not they believe Co' and ahould be converted. and be turned Co' Chapter XIII. 4 hia garments 24 therefore Simon Peter beckon- eth to him B Simon Peter therefore beckon ed to him A 25 leaning upon . . . aaith B lying upon . . . saith A 28 but no man knew B now no man knew A he aaid thia R he spake this A his upper garments, his clothes Co' to him beckoned Simon Peter there fore BG. to him beckoned therefore* Simon Peter GWCoT. then beckoned unto him Simon Peter Co' when he leaned on . . . said BG. as he leaned on . . . said GWT. leaned upon . . . and said Go. when he therefore leaned upon ... he said Go' that wist no man BWCT. but none knew ff. but the same wist no man Co. but none of them . . . did know Co' he spake BWCT. he spake it ff. he said it Co. he said that Co' CoT omit 'therefore.' K 13° Table I Rheims — Authorized. SO he therefore having received R he then having received A 33 you cannot come R ye cannot come A 34 I give Earlier Version.s. as soon then as he had received ... he BGWCT. when he had received . . . he Co. when he then had received ... he Co' can ye not come, can not ye come Co' give I 3 and prepare [Co'] 18 I will come [Co'] 20 you shall know B ye shall know A 21 he it is manifeat ' myself 22 manifest ' thyself 23 make abode R make our abode A 29 I have told you SO I will not [Co'] Chapter XIV. to prepare I come BCo. but will come WGT ahall ye know I will come ff. but 2 every branch in me, not bear ing fruit R every branch in me that hear eth not fruit A 3 you are clean R ye are clean A 5 you can do B ye can do A 15 I call you not 17 these things I command you the same is he. is he ff shew mine own self BGWCGoT. shew myself Go', open myaelf Tav ahew thyself make our dwelling BCo. "will dwell GWT. dwell CTav. make a dweUing place Co' have I shewed you BWCT. have I spoken unto you ff. have I told you Co. I tell it you Co' will I not. will not I Co Chapter XV. every branch that heareth not fruit in me BGWCT. every branch that bringeth not forth fruit in me Go. every branch not bringing forth fruit in me Co' are ye clean can ye do call I not you B. call I you not GWCCoT. I -will not . . . call you Co' thia command I you BWCT. these things command I you G. this I command you Co. these things do I command you Co' have they proceedeth of Chapter XVI. 1 spoken said 2 out of the synagogues they they shall put you out of their syna- will cast you R gogue B. they shall ' excommunicate they shall put you out of the you synagogues A 22 they have 26 proceedeth from ' manifestabo, ' manifestaturus. ' Co' ' will.' St. John 131 Rheims — Aiithorized. 16 because I go 17 and, because I go 20 you shall be made sorrow ful B ye shall be sorro-wful A 23, 26 you shall ask R ye shall aak A 26 ask the Father R pray the Father A[Co'] 28 I came forth 30 cameat forth 32 and it is now come R yea, is now come A because the Father 33 I have spoken Earlier Versions. for I go and, that I go BWCT. and, for I go G. for I go Co. and that, because I go Co' ye shall sorrow, ye • shall be sorry Co shall ye ask pray unto my Father BW. pray unto the Father GCo. speak unto my Father CT 1 went out BWGoT. I am come out ff. I came out C cameat BWCT. art come out G. camest out Co. art come forth Co' and is already come BGWCT. and is come already Go. and now draweth nigh Co' for the Father, for my Father W have I spoken 6 manifested 2 11 I am 12 the son of perdition [Co'] 24 they also Chapter XVII. declared am I that lost child BCCoT. the child of per dition G. that child of perdition W they, they . . . also Co' Chapter XVIIL 3 Judas therefore having re ceived R Judas then having received 3, 35 chief priests 4 Jesus therefore [Co'] 5 and Judas 8 if therefore you seek me R if therefore ye seek me A 11 the chalice . . . shall not I drink it B the cup . . . shall I not drink it^ 23 butifweU 25 they said therefore Judas then after he had received. Now when Judas had taken unto him ' . . . he Co high priests and Jesus BC. then Jesus GWT. Jesus now Co Judas, now Judas ff if ye seek me therefore BC. therefore if ye seek me GW. if ye seek me, then Co, if ye therefore ' seek me rCo' shall I not drink of the cup. wilt thou not that I shall drink the cup Co' but if I have well spoken BGWCCo. if I have well spoken T. but if I have spoken well Go' then said they BGCo. and they said ' Co/' 'you.' manifestavi. ' Co' omits ' unto him.' * T omits ' therefore.' K 2, 132 Table I Rheims — Authorised, 26 did cut off R[Co'] smote off. cut off A 30 a malefactor' delivered him up 31 according to your law 34 othera 39 release one to you R release unto you one A will you therefore that I release B will ye therefore that I release A Earlier Versions. had smitten off Go an evil doer delivered him after your own law. after your law CoTav other, some other Co deliver you one loose BGWCT. give one loose unto you Co. let loose unto you one Co' will ye ' that I loose BGT. vrill ye then that I loose GW. will ye now that I loose Co. will ye therefore that I let loose Co' 4 saith [Co'] 5 the purple vestment R the purple robe A 6, 15, 21 chief prieata 8 when Pilate therefore 10, 12 releaae 12 thia man 24 upon my vesture' they have caat lots R for my vesture they did cast lota A 25 and there stood B now there stood A 31 taken away 38 take away 39 at the flrst a mixture * of myrrh and aloes Chapter XIX. said the robe of purple B. a purple garment GGd'. a robe of purple WCT. a purple robe Co high priests when Pilate, when Pilate then ff loose, let . . . loose Co' him for my coat did they cast lots BC. on my coat did cast lots GWT. on my coat have they cast lots Co. upon my raiment have they cast lots Co' there stood, then stood GWTav taken down take down at the beginning BWCr. first G. afore Co of myrrh and aloes mingled together. myrrh and aloes mist together Co' Chapter XX. 11 she stooped down and looked she bowed herself BGWCT. she looked IS because they have [Co'] 16 saith to him R saith unto him .i pros perous journey Co. that at one time insigne. ' Co ' the contrary." ' T omits ' the,' M and Tav retain it. To 'for.' *ff 'the Gentiles.' 8 C ' mean at the last,' 150 Table I Rheims — Authorised. 11 that I may impart' unto yon 13 I will not have you ignorant . . . that B I would not have you ignorant . . . that A 15 so 17 therein 20 for his invisible things, from the creation of the world are seen, being understood by those things that are made R for the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made A 21 darkened [Co'] 23 changed [Co'] 25 who . . . who into lying R into a lie A 27 leaving [Co'] working receiving which they ahould B which was meet A 28 they liked not to have God in knowledge B they did not like to retain God in their knowledge A Earlier Versions. or another ' a prosperous journey . , . might fortune me T, that once at last a prosperous journey . . . might fortune me Tav that I might bestow among you. that I might bestow upon you Co I would that ' ye should know . . . how* that BGCoT, I would that ye should not be ignorant how that GW. I vrill not that ye be ignorant how that Co' so that BCCo'. therefore GW. wherefore Co. likewise T by it. in it Go for hia invisible things, being under- standed by his works, through the creation of the world are aeen B. for the invisible things of him . . . are seen by the creation of the world, being considered in his works ff. for' his invisible things . . . are understand' and seen by the things made' from the creation of the world WT. yea, his invisible thinga . . . are seen, for asmuch aa they are understand by the works from the creation of the world C. that the invisible things of God . . . might be seen, while they are con sidered by the works from the creation of the world Co. for the invisible thinga of him that be understood . . . are seen out of the creature of the world Co' blinded, full of darkneas ff turned which . . . which for a lie B. unto a lie GWCCoT. into leasing Co' left . . . and and . . . wrought, wrought Co' received as it was according BCCoT. as was meet G. as was according FTa«. the due 'Cb' they regarded not to know God BGWCCo. it seemed not good unto them to be aknowen of God T, they regarded not to acknowledge God To M ' other.' ' impertiar. ' Co omits ' that.' * Tav omits ' how." ' r ' so that." ' T ' understood.' ' T ' works " for ' things made." ' Co' in full, ' the due reward of their error." Romans 151 Rheims — Authorised. 29 malignity' 32 who 1 for wherein 3 0 man 5 thy hardness and impenitent heart and of the revelation* of B and revelation of A 6 will render ' to 8 wrath and indignation B indignation and wrath A 10 worketh good 13 for not the hearers of the law are just ' with God B for not the hearers of the law are just before God A 18 approvest the more profitable things B approvest " the things that are more excellent A instructed R being instructed A 20 the foolish 25 profiteth Earlier Versions, evil conditioned BCCoT. taking all things in the evil part GW. froward- ness Go' the which B. which men Chapter II. foi: in that' same' wherein BWCTGo'. for in that that ff. for look, wherein Co. tor in that TavTo 0 thou man thy stubbornness and heart that cannot repent BWCM. thine hardness and heart that cannot repent ff. thine hard and impenitent heart Co. thine hard heart that cannot repent T, thy stubbornness and impenitent heart Co' ahd declaration of B. and of the de claring' of ffOj'. when shall be opened WCT. and of the opening of Co will reward, shall reward Co shall come' indignation and wrath BGCCoT. shall be rendered indigna tion and wrath W. shall come wrath and indignation Co' doth good, do good Co for in the sight of God, the hearers of the law are not righteous B. for the hearers of the law are not righteous before God ff. for before' God they are not righteous which hear the law WGGoT. for the hearers of the law be not righteous vrith God Co' allowest the things that be excellent BGWC. thou provest what is best to do Go. hast experience of good and bad T. allowest the things that be more profltable Co', triest the things that dissent from it To informed B. in that thou art instructed G. in that thou art informed WT, and art informed C. forsomuch as thou art informed Co. being instruct Co' them which lack discretion, the un wise Co availeth. is profitable G ' malignitate. ' ff ' declaration.' ' C in the sight of.' ' the.' ' reddet. " probas. ' Co' omits same. ' ff'be.' revelationis. ' iusti. 152 Table I Rheims — Authorised. 3 for what if [Co'] 12 together 20 is the knowledge [Co'] 21 manifested 22 by faith 24 justified R being justified A 25 for the remission ' of . . . sins B for the remission of sins A[Ca'] 29 yes, of the Gentiles [raw] EarUer Versions, Chapter III. what then though BCT. for what though ff. but what then though W. but whereas Co all BCT. altogether GCo. also W cometh the knowledge, cometh but the knowledge Co made manifest BG. declared by the faith, through the faith Go' but are justified BCT. and are justified GW. but . . . are they made righteous Co. but . . . are justified Co' IS by the forgiving of sins B. by the for giveness of the sins G. in that he forgiveth the sins WCGoT yes, even of the Gentiles BGWCT. yes verily the God of the heathen Co. yea, of the heathen Co' 2 glory' B[Co'] whereof to glory A 6 David alao [Go'] 10 in circumcision or in pre puce ? not in circumcision B when he was in circumcision or in uncircumclsion ? not in circumcision A Chapter IV. wherein to boast B. wherein to rejoice 11 a seal might be 15 worketh 16 of faith 18 might be made B might become A 3 and not only this R and not only so A glory " David. David . . . also Go when he waa in the circumciaion or when he was in the uncircumclsion ? not in the ' circumcision BG. when he was circumcised, or unch-cumcised ? not when he waa circumcised ff. in the time of circumcision or in the time before he was circumcised ? not in the time of circumcision WT. in the circumcision or in the uncircum clsion ? Doubtless * not in the cir cumcision Go as a seal BWCT. as the seal ff. for a seal Co. the seal Co' should be causeth BGWCTCo'. causeth but Co by faith BGWCT. through faith Go. out of faith Co' should be Chapter V. not that only BC. neither do we so only GWT. not only that Co. neither that only To rejoice remisaionem. ' gloriam. ' C ' the time of." ' gloriamur. * Co' omits ' doubtless.' Romans ^53 -Authorised. 7 for scarce for a just man doth any die R for scarcely for a righteous man wUl one die A 8 commendeth^ 12 unto all men death did pass R death passed upon all men A 14 after the similitude' of the prevarication of Adam B after the similitude of Adam's transgression A [after the similitude of the transgression of Adam] [Co'] who 15 but not as the offence, so also the gift B but not as the offence, so also is the free gift A 16 judgment indeed is of one to condemnation B the judgment was by one to condemnation A 17 death reigned by one [Go^ in life by one [Co'] 18 therefore justification 20 might abound grace did more abound B grace did much more abound A EarUer Versions. now scarce will any man die for the righteous B. doubtless one will acarce die for a righteous man GW. yet scarce will any man die for a righteous man CT. now dieth there scarce any man for the righteousness sake Co. for scarce doth any man die for the righteous Co' setteth out. doth . . . set forth Co. setteth forth Co' death entered into all men B. death went over all men GWCT. went the death also over all men Co. went death through into all men Co' with like transgression as did Adam. after the like manner of the transgres sion of Adam ff which but not as the sin, so is the free gift B. but yet the gift is not so, as is the offence G. but the gift is not like as the offence ' WCT. but it is not with the gift as with the sin Co. but the gift is not as the trespass of one Co' the sin entered by one offence into con demnation B. the fault came of one offence unto condemnation G. the. giltieship came of one offence unto condemnation W. damnation came of one sin unto condemnation CT. the judgment came of one sin unto con demnation Co. the judgment came of one unto condemnation Co' death reigned by the means of one. death reigned through one G in life by the means of one. in life through one G likewise then, likewise therefore Co' the righteousness BCT. the justification GW. the justifying Go should increase, should abound G grace was more plenteous B. there grace abounded much more G. there was yet * more plenteousness of grace WCCoT. there was grace also more plenteous Co' ' commendat. similitudinem. CT ' sin.' * WGT omit ' yet.* 154 Table I Rheims — Authorized. Earlier Versions. 4 into death [d'] 5 we shall be also 10 for that he died R for in that he died A 16 that to whom [Co'] yourselves servants 17 that form 22 become servants to God 4 therefore B wherefore A 5 did work Chapter VI. into his death BGCo. unto his death W. for to die CT even so shall we be BGWC. then shall we be Go. even so must we be T. we shall belong to (the resurrection) also Co' for as touching that he died that to whomsoever, that look unto whom Go yourselves as servants the form BGWT, the mle C. the en sample Co. that fashion Co' made the servants of God BWCT. made servants unto God G. are become the servants of God Go. become sei-vants unto God Co' Chapter VII. even so BWCCoT. so G. and ao Go' 7 covet ' 9 and I lived without the law sometime B for I was alive without the law once ' A [but I lived without law sometime] [Cc^] 10 the commandment . . . the same R the commandment A 11 by it 13 might become 21 I find therefore the law R I find then a law A [I find therefore a law] [Co'J wrought BCo', had force G. bare rule W, reigned CT". were mighty Co lust I once lived without law BCT. for I once was alive without the law GW. I lived sometime without law Co. I lived without law Tav the very same commandment. commandment GCo' the aame by the same BGCo'Tav. thereby ff. by the self commandment WT. by the same commandment Go might be I find then by the law BGWCT. thus find I now by the law Co. I find then ... I am thus yoked To Chapter VIII. 1 there is now therefore R there is therefore now A there is then BGT. now then there is ff. there is then,'; now W. then ia there now Co. now therefore is there Co' '¦ concupisces. ' sometime.' Position of ' once ' suggested by the position of Romans 155 Rheims — Authorised. 3 in that [Co'] 4 who 10 because of justification R becauae of righteousness A 17 and if sons R and if children A heirs truly of God R[Co''] heirs of God A 18 revealed ' in us 20 for [Cb'] is made subject B was made subject A made . . . subject ' B hath subjected A 22 till now R until now A 24 that which a man seeth, wherefore doth he hope it B what a man seeth,-why doth he yet hope for A 26 what we should pray B[Co'] what we should pray for A 27 because 28 and we know unto good B[Co'] for good A according to purpose B according to his purpose A 29 whom he hath foreknown B whom he did foreknow A to be made conformable ' to B to be conformed to A 31 for us 32 he that delivered him B delivered him up A S3 the elect ' of God B God's elect A 34 that is Earlier Versions. in as much as which for righteousness sake if we be sons, if we be children GCo. if we be the children Co' the heirs of God BGo. even the heirs of God G. the heirs, I mean, of God WGT shewed upon us BCCoT. shewed unto ua GW. shewed in us Co' because is subject BGW. is subdued CCoTav. are subdued T hath subdued BGWCCo'. subdued Co. subdueth T unto this time BWCT. unto this present G. unto the same time Co. hitherto Co' how can a man hope for that which he seeth. how hopeth a man for that which he seeth Co' what to desire BCT. what to pray GW. what we should desire Co for for we know BT. also we know GW. we know C. but sure we are Go, but we know Go' for the best of purpose of his purpose GW those which he knew before, those whom he knew before Co that they should be like * fashioned unto BGGoT. to be made like to' GCo'. that they should be made like fashioned unto W on our side which BWCCoT. who G. which also Co' gave him BCT. gave him ... to death GW, hath given him Co. hath given him over Co' God's chosen, the chosen of God Co' which is. he that (rose) Co' revelabitur. ' subiecit. Co' omits ' to." ' conformes. ' electos. Tav ' alike.' 156 Eheims — Authorised. 84 who also maketh 35 distress 36 we are killed 4 who are Israelites 5 who ia above all things, God B who is over all, God A 7 nor they that are the seed . . . all be children B neither because they are the seed . . . are they all children A 10 and not only she B and not only this A 11 when they were not yet born R[Co'] the children being not yet born A nor . . . any good or e-vil B neither . . . any good or evil A of works [Co'] of the caller B[Co'] of him that calleth A 15 on whom I have mercy B[Go'] on whom I will have mercy A 16 it is not of . . . nor R it is not of . . . nor of A of God that sheweth mercy Table I Earlier Versions, and maketh BWGGoT, and maketh . . . also G. which likewise maketh Co' anguish are we killed Chapter IX. which are the Israelites BGWCT. which are of Israel Co. which are laraelites Co' which is God, in all things to be BC. which 'is God over all GTrCoToj!. which is God over all things T. which is God above all thinga Co' neither are they all children because they' are the seed BGWCo'Tav. neither are they all children straightway that ' are the seed Cr. neither be they all children that are the seed Co' not only this BC. neither he only felt this G. neither he only proved these things W. howbeit it is not so with this only Co. neither was it ao with her only T. not only she Co' before the children were born B. yer* the children were born GWCT, or ever the children were born Co neither , , . good neither bad BWCT. neither . . . good nor evil G. neither good nor bad Go. or . . . anything good or evil Go', neither .... good ne bad Tav by the ' reason of works BGT. by worts GW. by the deserving of works Co by the caller BC. by him that calleth GW. by the ' grace of the caller CoT to whomsoever' I shew mercy, to whom I will shew mercy GW election ia not of . . . nor B. it ia not in . . . nor in ff. lieth election . . . not in ... or TT. lieth it not . . . in . . . or CGoT. it cometh not , , , of . . . neither Co' of God that taketh mercy B. in God that sheweth mercy G. in God that pitieth W. in the mercy of God CCoT. of God the shewer of mercy Co" ' G ' who." they " for ' that.' ' BC ' whom.' ' B has ' that ' for ' because they.' * Tav 'er,' ' B omits 'the,' ' T has ' because ' T omits ' the.' 157 Rheims— Authorized. 17 raised 22 much patience B[Co'] much long-suffering A 27 the remains shall R a remnant shall A [the remnant shall] [Co'] 28 upon the earth 30 after justice R after righteousness A 3 establish 18 into all the unto 20 but Esay B[CO'] but Esaias A 21 to Israel 2 foreknew 6 if by grace otherwise grace 7 were blinded 10 may not see 14 provoke . , , to emulation * B provoke to emulation A 16 the flrst fruit 19 were broken B were broken off A 22 the goodness and the severity B the goodness and severity A the goodness of God B[Co'] goodness A his goodness otherwise thou also shalt Romans Earlier Versions. stirred long patience, great patience Go yet but a remnant shall B. yet shall but a remnant GWM. yet the remnant shall C. yet shall there but a remnant Co. yet shall a remnant T on earth BCT. in the earth GW. upon earth Co. up ' the earth Co' righteousness Chapter X. stablish BGWCT. maintain Go. set up Go' into all BCCoT. through all the GW. into every (country) Co' into and Eaaias'' BGW. Esaias' after that CT. Esay after him Co against Israel, unto Israel GCo Chapter XI. knew before if it be of grace BGWCT. if it be done of grace Co. if it be by grace Co' for then grace BC. or' else . . . grace GWCo. for then . , , grace T hath been blinded B. have been hardened G, have been blinded W, are blinded CCoT see not provoke BCT. provoke ... to follow them G. provoke ... to envy W. provoke . . . unto ' zeal Co the first fruits BGW. one piece GTCo'. the beginning Co, the beginnings Tav are broken off. are broken Co' the kindness and rigorousness BWCCoT. the bountifulness and severity G. the goodness and rigorousness Co' kindneas. bountifulness ff kindness B. his bountifulness G. his kindness WCT, the kindness Co. goodness Go' or else thou also ' shalt BWCT, or else Probably a misprint for ' upon, * ad aemulandum. ' Co' ' to; ' IFCTaj) 'Esay.' ' Go omits 'or.' « TTCT omit 'also.' 158 Eheims — Authorized. 24 graffed into B[Co'] graffed . . . into A graffed into [Co'^ 25 blindness in part ' 81 these also . . . have not be lieved B have these also . . . not be lieved A 32 concluded ' all B concluded them all A 83 0 depth B 0 the depth A 35 who hath first given to him Table I Earlier Versions. thou shalt also G. elae shalt thou Co. or else shalt thou also Co' graffed ... in. grafted ... in CoTav graffed in BGif. graffed ' in . . . again WCCoT partly blindness BWCCoT. partly obsti nacy ff. blindness . . . partly Go'Tav have they not believed BGGCoT. have they not obeyed W. have not these . . . also believed Co' 2 be not conformed ' to 6 and having gifts, according to . . . different B having then gifts, differing according to A 7 or ministry ' ministering ' 10 with honour preventing one another R in honour preferring one another A 16 not minding high things B mind not high things A in your own conceit B in your own conceits A shut up all nations B. shut up all ff. wrapped all nations WCT, closed up all Co 0 the deepness who hath given unto' him first BGWCTCo', who hath given him ought beforehand Go Chapter XII. be not ye fashioned like unto B. fashion not yourselves like unto GWCCoT. be not like fashioned to Co', do not fashion yourselves unto Tav seeing then ' that we have divers gifts according to BWCT. seeing then that we have gifts that are divers according to G. and have divers gifts according to Co. having diverse gifts according to Co' either office B. or an office G. or if we have an office W. [let him] that hath an office CCoT. he that hath an office Co' administration B. office GWCCoT. [let him] minister [it] Co' in giving honour going one before another B. in gi-ring honour go one before another GWCCoT. preventing each other with honour Co', in giving honour prevent one another Tav being not high minded B. be not high minded GWCT. be not proud in your own conceits Co in your own opinions, in yourselves ff ' CoTav ' grafted.' ' ex parte. ' conclusit. * Co' omita ' unto.' ' conformari. ' BCT omit ' then.' ' ministerium. ' ministrando. Rheims — Authorized, 3 do good B[Co'] do that which is good A 4 unto thee for good R to thee for good A a revenger 5 for wrath 7 render' therefore to all men their due B render therefore to all their dues A to whom honour, honour R honour to whom honour A 8 owe no man anything 10 love therefore is B therefore love is A 11 and that, knowing the season B and that, kno'wing the time A 12 cast off the works Romans Chapter XIII. 159 Earlier Versions, do well BG. do well then for thy wealth revenger B. to take vengeance GWCT. a taker of vengeance Go. an avenger Co' for fear of punishment B. becauae of wrath GGo'. for fear of vengeance WGT. for puniahment Co give to every man therefore his duty BWCCoT. give to all men therefore their duty G. give therefore unto every one their duty Co' honour to whom honour belongeth B. honour to whom ye owe honour GW. honour to whom honour pertaineth CCoT owe nothing to no man B. owe nothing to any man therefore ... is charity B. therefore is love and chiefly considering the season B. and that, considering the season TW. this also we know, I mean' the season CT, and for so much as we know this, namely the time Co. this time also we know Co' caat away the deeds, cast away the works GGo 2 for one [Go'] 5 for one B one man A [for some one] [Co'] and another B another A [but another] [Go'] 6 to our Lord he eateth not R to the Lord he eateth not A 9 living 11 every tongue [Go'] 16 let not then Chapter XIV. onethis man. some man Co another man BCT. and another man GW. but another man Co eateth not to ' the Lord, eateth not to please the Lord withal CT quick all tongues let not B. cause not GWCT. see there fore that . . . not Co. let not therefore Go' reddite. ' C omits ' I mean.' ' Co ' unto.' i6o Table I Eheims — Authorized. 19 the things 20 for meat EarUer Versions, those things BGWCTCo', these things Co BGWGo, for a little for any meat sake Co' for meat's meat's sake CT, Chapter XV, 3 reproaches . , . that re proached 6 glorify 9 confess to thee 11 all ye peoples B all ye people A 15 I have written to you . . . more boldly R I have written the more boldly unto you A[Co'] 17 1 have therefore glory ' B I have therefore whereof I may glory A 18 by word 22 for the which cause also B[G(?] for which cause also A hindered very much B much hindered A from coming these many years 24 if first 25 I will go R I go A 26 some contribution B a certain contribution A 29 in abundance of the blessing B in the fulness of the blessing A rebukes , , . which rebuked BGCoT. re bukes . . . which rebuke GW. rebukes . . . that rebuked CO' praise praise thee, confess thee GW all ye ' people together BG. all nations together W, all ye nations together C. all ye ' nations CoT. all ye heathen CO' I have somewhat more ' boldly 'written unto you. I have somewhat boldly , . , written unto you GW I have therefore whereof I may rejoice BGWCT. therefore may I boast myself Co. I have therefore whereof to re joice Co' with word BWCT. in word ffCo'. through word Co therefore also for this cause BGWCT. thia is also the cause wherefore Co. for thia cauae Tav oft let BGWCT. ofttimes let Co. greatly let Co' that I could not come BG. to come many years BGGoT, many years agone GW. many years since Co', many years ago To after that BGWCT. but so that . . . first Co. if . . . first Co' go I a certain common gathering B. a certain distribution GWCT. a common collec tion together Co, some gathering G(? ¦with abimdance of the blessing BGWCT. with the full blessing Co. 'with the abundance of the blessing Co' that is in Cenchris B which is at Cenchrea A [that is at Cenchris] [Cb'] Chapter XVI, of Cenchrea ' GTomit 'ye.' remits 'more.' ;lonam. Corinthians i6i Rheims — Authorised. 4, 5 who 6 who 7 who are who also 14 salute ¦ 18 Christ our Lord B[Co'] our Lord Jesus Christ A 20 and the God of peace [Go'] 25 according to the revelation ° of 26 known R made known A 27 to God the only wise R to God, only wise A Earlier Versions. whichwhich, that Go' which are and, which , , , also G'] 11 conduct 16 every one that helpeth and laboureth with us B every one that helpeth with us and laboureth A as I do. EarUer Versions, even as I do G convey all that help with us and labour BG. all that help and labour WCCoT. every one that helpeth and laboureth with them Co' 2 COEINTHIANS. Chapter I. 1 Timothee our brother R Timothei our brother A 4 who 5 so also B so . . also A 8 above our power R[Co'] above strength A 9 we , . . had the answer of death B we had the sentence of death A [we had an answer of death] [Co'] 10 he will yet also B he will yet A 12 sincerity" more abundantly ' 14 as alao in part * [Ta^o] 15 you might have a second' grace B ye might have a second benefit A 16 of you be brought on my way B of you to be brought on my way A 17 the thinga that I mind, do I mind B the things that I purpose, do I purpose A [the things that I do mind, do I mind] [Co'] there be B there should be A brother Timotheus. our brother Timo theus GW which even so BWCCoT. so ff. even so also Co' paasing strength we received the ' sentence of death BGW. we received an answer of death CT. had concluded . . . that we must needs die Go hereafter also he will B. yet hereafter he will GWCT, he will . . , hereafter also Co. he shall yet Co' pureness. sincereness Co' most of aU. most plentifully 0? even as. as Ci? partly ye might have had yet' one pleasure more BWT. ye might have had a double grace ff. I might have had one pleasure more with you C. ye might have yet another pleasure more ' Co to be led forth of you BG. to have been led forth ... of you WT. to be led forth ... of you GCo, to be brought forth of you Go' mind I . . . those things which I mind BW, mind I those things which I mind ff. think I , , , those things which I think GT. are my thoughts Co should be BGJFCr. is' Co, be Co' ' W omits ' the.' ' sinceritate. ' abundantius. * ex parte. ' secundam. ' BPT omit ' yet.' ' Co' omits ' more.' ' Co in full, ' not so, but with me yea is yea, and nay is nay.' 2 Corinthians Rheims — Authorised, 18 but [Co'] 19 was in him B in him was A 23 upon 169 Earlier Versio'ns, yet B. yea G. yea rather W. [ CCoT in him it was imto 3 have sorrow upon sorrow B have sorrow A[Co'] 4 of much R out of much A know [Co'] more abundantly 5 hath he B he hath A[Co'] in part ' [Tav] that I burden not B that I may not overcharge A 6 to him that is such a one this rebuke sufficeth that is given B sufficient to such a man ia this punishment which was in flicted A [this rebuke that is ministered ... is sufficient for him that is such one] [Co'] 7 so that contrariwise [Co'] lest perhaps such an one B lest perhaps such a one A sorrow 8 I beseech [Co'] 10 person' [Co"] 13 bidding them farewell B taking my leave of them A Chapter II. take heaviness, take heaviness [upon fieaviness] C in great, out of great CCo' perceivemost abundantly B. most specially WGGoT the same hath specially GCo'. partly lest I should overgrieve B. lest I should more charge ff. lest I should grieve WCCoT it is sufficient unto the same man that he was rebuked BffJFCr. it is sufficient that the same man is so rebuked Co so that now contrariwise, so that from henceforth Co lest that same person BWCT. lest the same ff. lest he Co. lest he that is such one Co' hea-rineas I pray BGW. I exhort sight BGWCTav. room when I had taken my leave of them B. took ' my leave of them and 1 begin we again B[Go'] do we begin again A to you 2 which is known B known A [the which is known] [Co'] Chapter III. do we begin . . . again BGW. we begin . . . again CT, begin we then again Co unto you understood* B. which is imderstand GWCCoT, which ia understood To ' ex parte. ' persona. ' Co ' I took,' d * B has ' known " in margin. ' with rest omits ' I.' 170 Table I Eheims — Authorized. 10 was glorious B[Co'] was made glorious A by reason of the excelling' glory B by reason of the glory that excelleth A Earlier Versions. was glorified BCo. was . . . glorified because of the exceeding glory B. as touching that' exceeding gloi-y GW. in respect of this exceeding glory CCoT. in respect of this excellent glory Co' Chapter IV. 2 we renounce B have renounced A the secret thinga of dishonesty R the hidden thinga of dis honesty A [the secrets of dishonesty] [Co'] not walking [Co'] nor [Co''] in manifestation ' of the truth R by manifestation of the truth A have cast from us BGWCT. cast from us Co. put away Go' the clokes of unhonestie BCT. the clokes of shame GW. the cloakes of dis honesty Go 4 who 10 always bearing about the life also of Jesus 13 and having B we having A 15 the grace abounding ' B the abundant grace A[Co'] 16 for which cause 1 dissolved' eternal 2 in this alao do we groan E in this we groan A 4 groan B do groan A 6 knowing walking not B. and walk not neither in opening of the truth B. in declara tion of the truth GW. open the truth CCo. walk iu open truth T. in utter ing the truth Co', in open truth Tav which we always bear about BGCo. everywhere we bear about GW. and we always bear T the life of Jesus * . . . alao BGCCo'. like wise the life of Jesus . . . also W. the life also of the Lord Jesus Go. the life of Jesu T seeing then that we have BT. and because we have GW. but seeing that we have CCo. seeing then we have Tav the plenteous grace BCCoT. that most plenteous grace W. most plenteous grace ff wherefore BCT. therefore GWCo. for the which cause Co' Chapter V. destroyed, loosed Co' but eternal, but everlasting Co therefore sigh we BGTav, therefore we sigh GW, in the same sigh we also Co. therefore sigh we T. therefore do we sigh Co' sigh, do sigh Co' and know BWCCo. though we know ff. and know well T excellentem. ' ff 'the." ' abundans. manifestatione. ' dissolvatur. C ' Jesu." 2 Corinthians 171 R-heims — Authorised , 8 have a good will . . . rather R[Co'] willing rather A 9 we endeavour, whether absent ' or present ' B we labour . . . whether present or absent A [do we endeavour ourselves whether we be absent or present] [Co'] 12 occasion in face and not in heart B in appearance and not in heart A 13 or whether we be sober* 18 who to himself 21 might Earlier Versions. had rather B. love rather ff. had lever WCCoT whether it ' be at home or from home we endeavour, we covet . . . both dwell ing at home and removing from home GW an occasion in the face and not in the heart BGWCTCo'. after the outward appear ance and not after the heart Co or if we keep measure BC. or whether we be in our right mind GW. if we keep measure CoT. or if we be measur able Co' whichunto himself should 12 you are not straitened B ye are not straitened A you are straitened B ye are straitened A 17 touch not the unclean B touch not the unclean thing A Chapter Y1. ye are not pressed into a narrow room B. ye are not kept strait ff. ye dwell not strait W. ye are in no strait' GT. ye are in no straitness Co. ye are not in straitness Co' are pressed into a narrow room B. ye are kept strait ff. ye « are in a strait WGT. ye are in straitness Co touch no unclean thing BCo. touch none unclean thing Chapter VII. much is my confidence R great is my boldness of speech A much is my glorying' B great is my glorying A 9 now I 10 worketh , . , 11 revenge [To] to be worketh [Co'] I use great boldness of speech BGW. I am very bold CCoT. I have great boldness Co' I glory greatly B. I rejoice greatly GWC. I make much boast Co. and rejoice greatly T. I have much rejoicing Co' I now BGW. but I now CT, but now I Co causeth . . . causeth punishment that ye were BWCT, that ye are GGo. [ ]Co' absentes. ' GCoT ' we." ° praesentes. ' Tav ' straits' ' GT omits ' ye." ' gloriatio. sobrii. 172 Table I Rheims — Authorised. 12 nor [Go'] that suffered R that suffered wrong A [that suffered it] [Go'] 14 as we spake all things to you in truth Earlier Versions. neither that was hurt, that had the injury ff 4 much 5 hoped 6 insomuch that we desired 7 may abound ' B abound (2nd) A 8 I speak by the B[Go'] by occasion of the A 9 be rich [Co'] 10 in this point I give counsel . herein I give my advice A to be willing B to be forward ' A 11 so 13 for not that B for 1 mean not that A 14 by an equality ' 16 to 17 but being as we speak all things unto you in ti-uth B. as I have spoken unto you all things in truth G. as all thinga which I preached unto you are true WT. as all things which we spake unto you are true C. like as all is true that I have spoken unto you Co. aa we have spoken all things in the truth unto you Co' Chapter VIII. greatlooked for. supposed Co' that we should desire B. that we should exhort G. so that we could not but desire WCCoT. insomuch that we prayed Co' be plenteous this say I BGWCT. this I say Co. I say it Co' because of the BG. because WT. be cauae of C. seeing Co be made rich I give counsel herein BGo', I show my mind herein GW, I give counsel here to CT, my counsel herein I give Co to will [ ]Go. even so BGWCT. likewise Go' truly not that B. neither is it that GW. it is not my mind that GT. this is not done to the intent that Go. that ' Go' of like condition B. upon like condition GW. that there be egalnes CT. that it be alike Co. that it be done alike Co' unto. [ ]^Co' and being B. yea, he waa GCo'. and alao that he was W. yea rather he was CT. yea he waa rather Co ' abundetis. ' ' The whole pasaage from v. 12 in Cb' is A margin ' willing.' For if the will be ready it is accept according to it that a man hath and not according to it that he hath not, that other should have ease and you cumbrance but that it should be done alike.' * aequalitas. ' Co' has ' I thank God.' 2 Corinthians 173 Eheims —Authxrrised, 19 which [CcF] 23 or our brethren R[Co'] or our brethren Be inquired