Sr*?, Yale Center for British Art and British Studies ^ s? .0 |TD» ^8^ ILLUSTRATED &UIDE T SAiasBc^i.; B-aowN & cq., oAS'tt, iiiiaiiihi ADVERTISEMENTS. ILLUSTRATING 'riiskrg 1^ its ^rig^nur^ir, ON SALE AND PUBLISHED BY BEOWN & CO., Booksellers & Stationers, Canal, Salisbury. Two magnificent Views, from Drawings by Owen B. Carter, beantifullv printed in Tinted Lithography, size 26 by 23 inches, — 1. A South-East View from the Bishop's Garden, 21s. ; colored, 42s. 2. A South-'West View from the Cloisters, 21s. ; colored, 42s. Tltese two are hy far the best prints ever published of this Cathedral. A North-East View, 17 by 12 inches, from a Drawing by Owen B. Carter, Lithographed by Day and Haghe, colored, 10s. ; tinted, 5s. ; small paper, 3s. 6d. An Interior View from the ^Vest End, 4s. ; colored, 8s. A Near View from the North-East, 18 by 11 inches, 2s. 6d. A View of the Choir, 10 by 7f inches, 2s. 6d. Buckler's North-VTest View, 24J by 19i inches, 10s. 6d. Cathedral Church, Belfry, and Close of Sarum in 1759, a North-East View, 23 by 15 inches, 63. South-East View from the Bishop's Garden, 12J by 10 inches, A Series of Pour splendid Views of 'Wilton Church, from Drawings by Owen B. Carter, printed in tinted Lithography by Day and Haghe,— Two Interiors and Two Exteriors, beautifully colored and mounted, 21. 2s. the set, or 12s. each ; plain, 15s. the set, or 58. each Exteriors, 3s. 6d. each Interiors. An Exterior View of VTiltou Church, lithographed by Day and Haghe, 2s. 6d. A splendid Interior View of V/inchester Cathedral, from a Drawing by Owen B. Carter, size 28 by 31 inches; plain, 21s. ; colored, 42s. Salisbury Local Exhibition, 1852, Two Prints in tinted Litho graphy, 15 by 18 inches, price 6s. the pair; proofs, 7s. 6d. Salisbury Peace Festival, in 1856, by Inches, price 53. A VT'est View of Stoneheuge, size 14 by 7| inches ; price Is. 6d. This View was selected by the late Sir Richard Colt Hoare to illustrate his "History of Ancient Wiltshire," and is the most extensive and correct View published. An exact Plan and Section of Old Sarum, also the East View of that Ancient City as it stood in 553, with I description and references to Plan, 2s. |\ / " i iiiiiiiiii'. 1 .Liniiffin.. i iiiiiiiiiii. I ..iiii'i 1 .111111111.. i ..i.ii.ii... ; y !iiiiiii,i .iiiii:i!!iii i.,inii:»[i 1 .iiiiiHiiiii ¦iinimii' III ''tnmii'- ii "iiiinii'' ii miihhii'- j iiiiiiniii' ii 'mmmi- h 'iiimiiii' ii 'iimniii j 'niiiiiin' n 'imiiiu' ADVERTISEMENTS, ii i(( (0 Flan of Old Sarum, also a Representation of the Castle and L Twro IKIodern Viewrs, with Letterpress by Henry Wansey, f.a.s., ji' price 6d. ', Indications of the Ancient Cathedral of Old Sarum, visible in f September, 1884. Built, between 1078 and 1091 ; consecrated, 1092 ; IV and demolished, 1332. Ground Plan restored by a comparison with y buildings of the same period. Plan of the Ancient Close of Old Sarum, L by the late Mr. Hatcher, of Salisbury. Printed on one sheet. Price Is. J'^ A direct Vienr of the remains of the Adytum of Stonehenge In — A View of the whole Building — A Prospect of Stonehenge — A Peep |i! into the Sanctum Sanctorum, From a very old Copperplate. Is. The foUonring Copperplate Engravings, One Shilling each. South-West View of the Cathedral South View of ditto North-East View of ditto North-West View of ditto The North Porch The Chapter House A View of West Front The Transept A View of the Choir Ditto from the Lady Chapel The Monuments — 5 views The Cloisters Old Sarum St. Martin's Church St. Thomas' Church High-street Gate The Muniment Eoom, Salisbury Cathedral A Bird's Eye View of the Chapter House, &c. 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A LARGE SELECTION OF BAXTERS COLOUEED PRIITTS IN OIL; ALSO FINE EN GRAVI NGS After Landseer, Turner, Sateman, Willcie, ,Sfc. AND A VABIETT OP STIREOSSOFIC VSEWS ^ STEREOSCOPES. A oeri/ large Assortment of PLATING CARDS of the latest and best Patterns. (^tmm latent fildjfiues m& |erfum£ri|, DIRECT FROM THE MAKEES. HAIR, NAIL, TOOTH, AND CLOTHES BRUSHES AND COMBS. Envelope and Note Paper stamped with Initials or Crests. LIBRARIES VALUED, BOUaHT OR EXCHANGED. LONDON NEWSPAPERS Regularly supplied every Morning (Sundays excepted), by First Train. The lUustrated London News, Illustrated Timea, Bell's Life in London, News of the World, and other Weekly Papers on Saturday Morning. ' Abvisetisembnts Received and Eohwaeded to all the London and Cotjntby Paipees. EXECUTE EVERY DESCRIPTION OF BINDING With Despiitoh at Moderate Prices. BROWN'S STEANUEE'S HANDBOOK AND ILLUSTEATED GUIDE TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL ; BEING ^ full iistariral and §mn$im %ccomxi OF THE BUILDING AND MONUMENTS. By j. B. MOORE, Esq. WITH FOURTEEN ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD, BY GEORGE MEASOM. this edition is COPYBiailT. SALISBURY : BROWN AND CO., NEW CANAL. LONDON : SIMPKIN AND CO. 1858. INDEX. See OP Salisbury (Chapter I.^ The See fixed at Sherborne Transferred to Wilton Transferred to Old Sarum Cathedral Founded at Old Sarum Bishop Roger „ Jocelyn „ Hubert Walter „ Herbert Poore ,, Richard Poore founds the New Cathedral at Salisbury The Ceremony described Three Altars Consecrated in the New Cathedral William Longspee buried in Salisbury Cathedral The Building Finished and Dedicated Page The Cathedral (Chapters II. Altar-Piece and Audley Chapel Bishop's Throne Chapter House ,, Dimensions of the ,, Restoration of the „ Sculptures iu the Choir CloistersDimensions of tbe Cathedral Lady Chapel Library and Muniment Room NaveOrganPulpitSpire and Tower TranseptsWest Front ... Window— East West Chronological List of Bishops Cathedral Establishment IIL and IV. Cloisters Lad.y Chapel Morning Chapel Nave— Central Aisle- „ North Wall „ South Wall .. North Choir Aisle North Transept Aisle North Wall . West Wall South Choir Aisle South Transept Aisle „ South Wall . West Wall South Stem of East Transept The Monuments (Chapter V.) -South Side North Side HANDBOOK TO SALISBUEY CATHEDEAL. t n fr-A SOUTH TIEW. Intrwdurtorg dfhagtcr. SEE OF SALISBUEY. The whole of the West Saxon kingdom was originally included in the diocese of Winchester. This extensive ecclesiastical district was divided about the year 705. By the arrangement then eifected, under the auspices of Ina, King of the West Saxons, the counties of Berks, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, were alienated from the episcopal jurisdiction of Winchester, and formed into an independent diocese, the See 2 HANDBOOK TO SALISBDRr CATHEDRAL. of which was fixed at Sherborne. The first Bishop of Sher borne was the celebrated St. Aldhelm, the light and glory of the West Saxon churches. The Bishopric of Sherborne continued, as at first constituted, till about the year 905. At that period it was dismembered, and three distinct episcopal sees were established for Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. A few years later, about 920, Wilts was also detached from Sherborne, and erected into a separate diocese, the Bishops of which, from their places of residence, seem to have been variously styled Bishops of Wilton, Earns- bury, or Sunning. Wilts retained its episcopal independence for the space of 138 years, at the end of which period (1058) Herman, the ninth Bishop of Wilton, prevailed upon Edward the Confessor, to whom he was Chaplain, to re-annex the county of Wilts to the parent See of Sherborne, at that time vacant. Herman presided over the united dioceses, comprehending the counties of Wilts, Berks, and Dorset, at the date of the Norman Invasion (1066). A Council was held at London (a.d. 1075) under the pre sidency of Archbishop Lanfranc, at which it was ordained that Bishops' sees should be transferred from inconsiderable places to the towns of greatest note in the respective dioceses. Herman availed himself of this decree to remove from Sherborne to Old Sarum. He did not long survive this translation, as he died about the year 1077. He was buried in the old, and his bones were afterwards removed to the new city. A plain coffin- shaped slab, — the first that occurs on the plinth between the pillars on the south side of the nave, — is said to have once covered the remains of Herman, the Private Chaplain of Edward the Confessor, the last Bishop of Wilton and Sherborne, and the first of Searobyrig, or Sarum. if the conjecture be correct which assigns this tomb to Herman, it must be the oldest monu ment in Salisbury Cathedral. Herman was succeeded by the celebrated St. Osmund, who appears to have been a nephew of William the Conqueror. He was Earl of Seez, in Normandy, and of Dorset, in England. He obtained extensive grants of land from his uncle, with which he subsequently endowed his church of Sarum. His charter of endowment bears date 1091. He therein states that "he had builded the church of Sarisbury, and constituted Canons therein." On which account, says Price, he is styled " The Blessed Osmund, founder of the Church of Sarum." Osmund THE SEE OSMUND TO JOOELINE. 3 compiled a new ritual for his cathedral, called " The Use of Sarum," which was afterwards adopted by most of the dioceses in England. He completed the fabric of his church, which was probably commenced under the auspices of his pre decessor ; collected a large library, and did not disdain with his own hands to transcribe, illuminate, and bind books. The best singers and the most learned priests were, from all quarters, invited to Sarum, and encouraged to remain there by the muni ficent patronage of the Earl-Bishop, Osmund ; so that "there, more than elsewhere," says William of Malmesbury, " the Canons shone forth with peculiar lustre, being alike renowned for literature and song."i EoGER, the third Bishop of Old Sarum, sometimes styled " Eoger the Great," is a character well known to general history. It may be sufficient to remark of him here, that, through the favour of Henry the First, he became Bishop of Sarum, and rose to the highest offices in the state. He was Chancellor, Justiciary, Treasurer, &c., and, in fact, exercised all the functions of a prime minister. He is distinguished by some of the chroniclers as ¦' the great builder of churches and castles." He repaired and strengthened the Castle, and greatly embellished the Cathedral of Sarum. In his old age he had the misfortune to incur the displeasure of the King (Stephen). His castles were seized, their treasures pillaged, and himself and his relatives whom he had raised to the mitre were made prisoners. After having filled the see 32 years, he died " in a frenzy," a.d. 1139, the same year in which his calamities befel him. Eoger was succeeded by Joceltn de Bailul. This prelate is distinguished in the history of the times by his opposition to Thomas a Becket and his adherence to the party of the King (Henry II.) He was present at the great Council held at Clarendon (1164), and took a prominent part iu the arrange ment of the celebrated " Constitutions of Clarendon." He still further incurred the displeasure of Becket by assisting at the coronation of Prince Henry, in the absence of the Archbishop, in derogation, as it was maintained, of the rights of the see of Canterbury. He was excommunicated by Becket ; and, on the murder of that prelate, shared in the humiliations that befel the partisans of the King. He either resigned his Bishopric, ' De gest. Pont. Ang. Kb. II. B 2 ¦i HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. or was ejected from it, and assumed the habit of a Cistercian monk, in the year 1184. On the 10th of November in the same year he died, having been Bishop of Sarum 42 years. Jocelyn's successor was Hubert Walter, who occupies a dis tinguished position in the history of his time. He was educated under Ealph Glanville, the celebrated Justiciary of England, and was much regarded by Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, by whose interest he was promoted to the Bishopric of Salis bury. He accompanied Baldwin and Glanville on their journey to Richard I., then in the Holy Land, and continued in the Crusaders' camp till the conclusion of the siege of Acre. He presided over the diocese of Sarum for four years (from 1189 to 1193), when he was made Archbishop of Canterbury. On the translation of Hubert Walter to Canterbury, Herbert Pauper, or Poore, was elected Bishop of Sarum. This prelate held frequent consultations with the Canons about the transla tion of the church to a more commodious place ; and a partial migration of the inhabitants of Old Sarum to the site of the present city is supposed to have taken place while Herbert Poore presided over the see. But the full execution of the project was not effected till the succession of his brother Richard. Herbert Poore died 1216-17, and was buried at Wilton. He was the last Bishop of Old Sarum, and was succeeded by his brother, Eichard Poore, who removed the episcopal see from the hill of Old Sarum to the present city of Salisbury. Bishop Richard Poore, the venerable founder of Salisbury Cathedral, was translated from Chichester to Salisbury in 1217 He see^ms to have lost no time in carrying into effect the design of his brother and predecessor. Special messengers were des patched to Rome, and a bull was obtained from the Pope, authorising the removal of the church from the inclosure of the tortifacation of Sarum to a more convenient spot. Fortunately an account of the translation of the old church, and the conse cration of the new, by an eye-witness, has been preserved. William de Wanda, the personal friend of Bishop Poore, Precentor, and a terwards Dean of Sarum, has left a record of he event, the original of which, written in Latin, is now in the Muniment-room in the Cathedral. From De Wanda's narrative we learn that, in the year 1219, on the Monday afte Easter, was begun a new wooden chapel, at New Saruni in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary ; Ld on fhe feast oT'th^ Holy Trinity following, the Lord Bishop celebrated Divine the see BISHOP POORE COMMENCES THE NEW CATHEDRAL. 5 service in it, and consecrated a cemetery there. Preachers were forthwith sent in all directions to collect contributions for the intended work. In the following year (1220), on the day of St. Vitalis, the martyr (the 28th of April), the foundation of the new church at Sarum was laid. The Bishop expected the young King (Henry III.), the Legate, the Archbishop of Can terbury, and a great number of the nobility to grace the solemn ceremony with their presence. In this respect he was dis appointed, as the King and his Court were at the time detained at Shrewsbury, negotiating a treaty with the Welsh. The Bishop, however, proceeded with the ceremony in their absence, as public notice of the intended event had been given through out the diocese. The ceremony of laying the foundation of Salisbury Cathedral, by Bishop Poore, as described by De Wanda, is, we conceive, so interesting, that we must give the account in the chronicler's own words : — " On the day appointed for this purpose, the Bishop came with great devotion ; few Earls or Barons of the country, but a very great multitude of the common people coming in from all parts : and when Divine service had been performed, and the grace of the Holy Spirit invoked, the said Bishop, putting off his shoes, went in procession with the clergy of the church to the place of the foundation, singing the Litany ; then the Litany being ended, and a sermon first made to the people, the Bishop laid the first stone for our Lord the Pope Honorius ; and the second for the Lord Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cardinal of the holy Roman church, at that time with our Lord the King in the marches of Wales ; then he added to the new fabric a third stone for himself ; William Longspee, Earl of Sarum, who was then present, laid the fourth stone ; and Ela de Vitri, Countess of Sarum, the wife of the said Earl, a woman truly pious and worthy, because she was filled with the fear of the Lord, laid the fifth. After her, certain noblemen added each of them a stone ; then the Dean, Chanter, the Chancellor, the Treasurer, and the Archdeacons and Canons of the Church of Sarum who were present did the same, amidst the acclamations of multitudes of the people weeping for joy, and contributing thereto their alms with a ready mind, according to the ability which God had given them." In the course of five years the work was so far advanced that Divine service could be performed in it. Accordingly, in the b HANDBOOK TO SALISBURT CATHEDKAL. year 1225, on the vigil of St. Michael, the Bishop came in the morning and consecrated in the new Cathedral three altars, the first in the east in honour of the Trinity and All Saints, another in the north in honour of St. Peter, and a third in the south in honour of St. Stephen and the rest of the martyrs. On the day following, the Archbishop of Canterbury (Stephen Langton) preached to the people, who attended in great numbers. Besides the Knights and Barons, the Pope's Nuncio and eight Bishops were present at the august ceremony. The Bishop, Richard, splendidly entertained them all for a week at his own charge ; and his friend De Wanda, at that time Dean, with honest satisfaction records that the said festival was so happily conducted from the beginning to the end as neither to be inter rupted nor disturbed in the least. On the Thursday following, the King and his Grand Justiciary, the famous Hubert De Burgh, came to the Cathedral and heard the mass of the glorious Virgin. The King offered ten marks of silver and one piece of silk ; and De Burgh presented for the use of the altar a gold text of the Gospel of St. John, set with precious stones and the relics of divers saints.i The King and the Justiciary visited the Cathedral again at the following Christmas, and heard mass there. On this occasion the King made an offering of a gold ring with a ruby set in it, a piece of silk, and a gold cup ; and the Justiciary caused the gold text, which he had before given, to be brought, and offered it with great devotion on the altar. Notwithstanding this apparent religious zeal of De Burgh, he is shrewdly suspected of having poisoned William Longspee very shortly after the act of pious munificence which De Wanda here records of him. On the 10th of January following, William Longspee, who had just returned from Gascony, came to Salis bury where he was received with great joy, and with a proces sion from the new fabric. On the 7th of March following, he died at the castle of Old Sarum, and was brought to the new city, " with many tears and great lamentation, at the same hour of the day on which he had been received with great joy there. Matthew Paris tells us, that though it blew a violent drl/mtdet"he7eifn*o? T'^' vtVt"^" ''^'°°S'"g '° ^^1"''-^ O^'^^' THE SEE OPENING THE NEW CATHEDRAL. 7 Storm while they were bringing his body from Old Sarum, the torches of the funeral procession burned bright and unex tinguished by the wind and rain. This "flower of Earls" was the first person that was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, where his monument and effigy are still to be seen. De Wanda's last piece of information is, that "in the year 1226, on the feast of the Trinity, the bodies of three Bishops were translated from the Castle of Sarum to the new fabric, — viz., the body of the blessed Osmund, the body of Bishop Eoger, and the body of Bishop Joceline." Though opened for Divine service, the building was by no means as yet finished. The illustrious founder was soon obliged to leave the scene of his beloved labours to others. To his great grief he was translated by a Papal Bull to Durham. Though this step was a promotion, it was a source of sorrow and mortification to the good Bishop Eichard ; and the works which he had carried on so zealously seem to have languished comparatively under his successors. On the removal of Richard Poore to Durham (1228), Eobert Bingham succeeded to the see of Salisbury. Bingham presided here nearly eighteen years, yet left the buildings unfinished at his death, which happened in the year 1246. He was succeeded by William op York, who, at the time of his decease, ten years afterwards (1256), had nearly brought the works to a conclusion. This consum mation, however, was reserved for the prelacy of Egidius or Giles de Bridport, who, in the course of two years after his accession to the see, is said to have completed the fabric. At length, on September 30th, 1258, Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, presided at the solemn dedication of the stately pile, in the presence of the King and Queen and a large assem blage of prelates, nobles, and the neighbouring families. The Cathedral of Salisbury was completed in thirty-eight years, at anexpenseof forty thousand marks, or £26,666 1 3s. 4d. sterling. It should be remarked here, that the tower and spire were not erected till a somewhat later period. The original finish was a species of lantern, built at the intersection of the grand transept and the nave, rising about eight feet above the roof, and ornamented internally with a colonnade, supporting a series of subdivided arches (Dodsworth). The appearance that the interior of the church presented at this time, when it was "new-hallowed" by Archbishop Boniface, may be well conceived from a lively passage in Price's description. After o HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. remarking that the choir was at first enclosed by a wall, plain on the outside, standing on a deep plinth, while the inside was adorned with niches, marble pillars, and tender ornaments on top, to finish the niches more delicately, he thus proceeds : " When the church was first finished (without the tower and spire, as it most undoubtedly was) by the delicacy arising from that infinite number of marble pillars, which were all polished up to a gloss ; the choir thus adorned ; the windows glazed with painted and stained glass (for I find both used) ; the beautiful arcade within the tower, crowning the whole ; the pavement of inlaid brick, as still we see it in the chapter -house, muniment-house, and many of the chapels ; it must have had a most venerable appearance, and could not fail of exciting the admiration, and of charming the eye of every beholder."! ' Description of Salisbury Cathedral, pp. 28, 29. CHAPTJiU SEAL. NOETH-EiST TIEW. (Shatter ih ^etmL THE CATHEDEAL. On the first view of this noble pile, the eye of taste cannot fail to be struck with its prevailing characteristics — lightness, elegance, and grandeur, justly-proportioned parts, and a har monious whole. It is built in the form of a double or archi- episcopal cross, extending, in its extreme dimensions, from west to east 473 feet, and from north to south — the length of the principal transept — 229 feet 7 inches ; while from the intersection of the grand cross springs " The lessening shaft of that aerial spire" — Canon Bowies. to the astonishing height of 400 feet from the ground. 10 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. On approaching it from the east, the whole edifice is com manded at a glance : " buttress and buttress alternately, with pointed windows, rising tier above tier ; transepts, porch, pediments, pinnacles, traceried tower, and airy spire, are embraced at one view, and fill the eye and mind as a varied yet homogeneous whole, producing the effect, if the expression may be allowed, of a multitudinous unity. Of this northern front, Mr. Britton remarks, that, to be seen to advantage, it should be visited when the morning sun lights up one side of the tower and the eastern sides of the transepts ; or when the summer sun is declining in the west, and throws its rays on the north face of the transepts. We would also recommend the stranger to " visit it by the pale moonlight." The effects of light and shade produced by the inequalities and projections of the building are at once picturesque and solemn. Parts buried deep in massive shadows, the illumined parts standing out in the soft effulgence, — the aspect of the western front, lifting its head amid the interposing umbrage of lofty, venerable trees, — the " elfin spire," that in the deeper hue of night seems to lose itself among the stars, and rather to hang from the sky than ascend from the earth, — the fair, calm scene around, — all conspire to excite in the mind of the beholder a delighted admiration, subdued by " a deep feeling that absorbs and awes." They dreamt not of a perishable home Who thus could build. On arriving at the West Front, the stranger will doubtless pause for awile to examine it with some attention. It is divided longitudinally into five compartments. Four large buttresses, ornamented with statues, niches, &c., project from the elevation. In the central compartment between two of the buttresses is a portico, consisting of three arches, crowned with pediments. The middle arch of the three, divided into two equal parts by a clustered column, opens into the nave by two doors, forming the principal entrance. Over this is a series of arches, exhibiting a row of sunk quatrefoils, and terminating in elegant pointed canopies. Next comes the grand western window, divided into three lights. In the upper division are two double windows, and a bold acute pediment, surmounted by a cross, crowns this central compartment. To the right and left of the principal portico is another similar, but smaller one, opening THE WEST FRONT. 11 down into the aisles. The square towers which flank this front are covered with columns, canopies, pedestals, and other details of Gothic tracery. A band of lozenge-shaped mouldings, enriched with trefoils and quatrefoils, extends horizontally across two divisions of the front, returning round the turrets ; while in the middle compartment, it is raised over the grand central window. Bands of this lozenge-work are judiciously repeated round the tower and spire ; thus giving these later and superadded parts a uniform character with the west front. WEST EEONT. The West Front has been almost entirely denuded of its sculptured ornaments, which formerly amounted to 123 in number, consisting of statues of the twelve Apostles, the Holy Family, &c. On the larger buttresses there are still four figures remaining ; the upper one, on the south, representing St. Peter, and the lower one, John the Baptist. On the northern side is St. Paul, holding the pommel of a sword, with John the Evangelist underneath, it being a common practice. 12 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. according to Professor Cockerell, to place the two Johns m juxtaposition. Of the two smaller buttresses, the figure on the north is said to represent Bishop Poore, and that on the south William Longspee, Earl of Salisbury. There is still a seventh figure on the West Front, towards the north, which, if we understand Professor Cockerell's appropriation of these muti lated effigies aright, is St. Stephen, the proto-martyr, to whom an altar in the Church was dedicated. The figure round the corner, facing the north, is said to be a representation of the celebrated Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose name is immortally associated with Magna Charta, and who, as we have already seen (page 6), assisted at the consecration of Salisbury Cathedral, and preached to the people on the following day. Professor Cockerell says, " This statue is an elegant figure and held in the right hand an episcopal staff." The lightness and elegance that characterize the exterior of Salisbury Cathedral are observable within, though the interior somewhat fails in impressiveness from an " excess of light," caused by the absence of the stained and painted glass with which the windows were filled previously to the episcopacy of Bishop Jewel.i We must not omit, however, to point-atten tion to the great western window, the colours of which are of remarkable depth and beauty. Most of this glass was the work of Flemish Artists, and was brought from Dijon, at the time of the French Eevolution. The Nave, which is lofty, though somewhat narrow, is supported on each side by nine groups of clustered columns, from which spring ten pointed arches. Over these runs a triforium or gallery, open to the roofing of the aisles, presenting a succession of flat pointed arches, subdivided into four smaller ones, ornamented with trefoils and quatrefoils alternately with cinquefoils and rosettes. The upper or clerestory consists of triple lancet windows, very light and pleasing in their effect. The vaulting is plain, with arches and cross-springers only, rising from clustered shafts with foliated capitals, and resting on corbel heads. The windows of the aisles are double lights of the lancet shape. ' See the "Additional Remaris" in Price, where speaking of Jewel, it sajs, " Much of the painted glass was destroyed by him." THE ORGAN. 13 THE UATE. The OvgSJO., which is considered to be a fine instrument, was built by Mr. Green, of Isleworth, who also built organs for Windsor, Canterbury, Lichfield, &o. The screen is chiefly composed of fragments of the Hungerford and Beauchamp Chapels, which formerly stood to the north and south sides respectively of the Lady Chapel, and were taken down by Mr. Wyatt in 1789. The organ, as the inscription on its west front records, was the gift of George the Third. The occasion of this act of royal munificence is said to have been the following : — In the course of a conversation with the King as to the alterations then going on in Salisbury Cathedral, Bishop Barrington remarked that they wanted a new organ, though he feared that such a demand would greatly exceed the means 14 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. at their disposal, which arose principally from the contributions of the gentlemen of Wilts and Berks, of which counties the diocese at that time consisted. The King, as a resident of Windsor, immediately replied, " I desire you will accept of a new organ for your Cathedral, being my contribution as a Berkshire gentleman." THE TEANSEPTS. The Transepts and Choir, like the nave, rise to an eleva tion of three stories. The transepts have but one aisle, on the east. Under the tower the cross-springers divide and form a sort of tracery. The visitor, while contemplating the four pillars and arches of the intersection, whence rise the tower and spire to the height of 400 feet above his head, will be struck with the quaint remark of Sir Christopher Wren viz that the superstructure "stands upon four pillars, like a table' upon its four legs. And here we may remark, that a settlement has THE CHOIR THE LADY CHAPEL. 15 taken place of the western piers of the grand cross, owing, it is supposed, to the weight of the tower ; and on looking up we may observe the effect of the pressure of the superincum bent mass on some of the marble shafts. This sinking of the western pillars has caused the tower and spire to decline towards the s.w. Sir Christopher Wren calculated the decli nation to be about 27^ inches south and 172 west. Mr. Mill, of London, made an experiment in 1737, by which the decline was calculated to be 22 § inches to the south-west. This was marked on the pavement under the tower as a guide for future observation. Mr. Wyatt also made observations, and was of opinion that there had not been the slightest variation either in the sinking of the four great legs or in the decline of the tower and spire since the survey in 1668, by Sir Christopher Wren, and on the whole he was convinced that no further danger was to be apprehended. In reference to the super structure, Mr. Britton says, " it has now braved the storms and tempests of more than five centuries, and, if carefully superintended, may remain double that length of time." On entering The Choir the effect is decidedly grand and impressive. It certainly does not now deserve the character ascribed to it by Dr. Milner, that of " a hall or portico instead of a Choir," which may possibly have been applicable enough when it was "new vamped and varnished" by Wyatt.' A subdued light is reflected from the painted win dows, and the wood-work of the stalls is toned down to a hue of respectable antiquity. High up over the three arches, which form the termination of the Choir, properly so called, is a painted window of three lights, the subject the Elevation of the Brazen Serpent in the Wilderness, which was presented to the Church by the Earl of Eadnor in 1781. The three arches just mentioned were formerly filled by a screen, which was removed by Mr. Wyatt, the retro-choir or Lady Chapel being thus thrown open and forming a prolongation of the Choir. At the extreme east end of the Lady Chapel is a painted window which has recently been erected in commemo ration of the late Dean Lear. It consists of five lights, in which are depicted, in very vivid colours, the principal events in the life of our Saviour. The north lateral light commences with the Annunciation, Salutation, &c., and ends with the Milner's Winchester Cathedral, pp. 58, 59. 16 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. LAllY CHAPEL. Baptism and Descent of the Holy Ghost. The three central lights contain the Last Supper, the betrayal, the mocking, scourging, crucifixion, entombment, &c., &c., and are illus trative of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Christ. The south lateral light begins with the disbelief of St. Thomas at the bottom, and ends with the Ascension at the top. The sub jects are executed iu medallions on a richly-diapered ground, the prevailing colours being ruby and blue, and there is a variety of subsidiary tracery and imagery in the compartments of the centre lights. This window, which was first exhibited to the public in March, 1854, has replaced a painted window of the Resurrection by Eginton, of Birmingham, from a design by Sir J. Reynolds. In order to give effect to the painting. THE LADY CHAPEL. THE ALTAR PIECE. 17 which was rather gaudy, the side windows were glazed with a kind of sombre mosaic, as they appear at present. This part of the Church was originally dedicated to the Virgin, and called the Lady Chapel. It was used for early prayers, and crowded with seats, by which its beauties were in a great measure concealed. Mr. Wyatt removed them, and in this respect doubtless effected an improvement ; but some of his other alterations are of very questionable taste. On the north side of the retro-choir formerly stood the Hungerford, and on the southern side the Beauchamp Chapel, both beautiful specimens of monumental art. They were removed and de stroyed in 1789.' Out of the remains were formed the modern organ-screen, as has been already mentioned, and the altar- piece and seats which surround the Lady Chapel. The Altar-piece consists of five niches, of curious workman ship, three of which are immediately over the communion-table, and one on each side. The communion-table is of stone, and composed of parts of an old altar-piece concealed by that erected in the time of Bishop Ward. The grand niche on each side of the table was formed out of the ornaments taken from the entrances to the Beauchamp and Hungerford Chapels ; the arms of the respective families remain on their tops, in their original form. The pavement, which was raised by Mr. Wyatt, to give an ascent from the Choir, is of black-and-white marble. Of the columns that support the roof, the four prin cipal ones do not measure more than nine or ten inches in diameter, though nearly thirty feet high ; the clustered columns are still more delicately light, and are now entirely freed from their former incumbrances. Under the windows, now restored to their original level, is a series of niches, the canopies of which are formed by a cornice of the Beauchamp Chapel, exhi biting foliage and fan-work tracery rising from corbel heads. Mr. Price describes this chapel as " a specimen of the vast boldness of the architect, who certainly piqued himself on leaving to posterity an instance of such small pillars bearing so great a load as the vaulted roof ; while," he observes, " one would not suppose them to stand so firm of themselves as even to resist the force of an ordinary wind." ' The Hungerford Chapel was founded in the 15th Century, on the north of the Lady Chapel, by Margaret, widow of Robert Lord Hungerford, who died in 1459. The Beauchamp Chapel was built by Bishop Beauchamp, in 1482. 18 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. Terminating the Choir, on the north, is the elegant Chantry Chapel of Bishop Audley, who died in 1524. _ The cunous and elaborate tabernacle- work of this costly dormitory is charac teristic of the state of art that prevailed at that period, and is worthy of minute inspection. It was built by the prelate himself in the year 1520, and originally contained several images of the apostles and other saints, all now lost. It is the only perfect specimen of that species of monument now left in the Cathedral, and forms an imposing finish to this end of the Choir. Facing it, on the southern side, is another Chantry Chapel, founded by Walter, Lord Hungerford, about the year 1429, and chiefly composed of iron. It was removed from the nave (where it was originally erected) in 1778, by the Earl of Eadnor, a descendant of the Hungerford family. Great taste has been employed in beautifying this piece of antiquity, par ticularly in the different coats of arms that adorn it, showing the chief alliances of the descendants of the founder. In its present situation it is used as a pew for the Radnor family, and forms an appropriate terminus to the south side of the Choir. Proceeding down the Choir, on the left is the Bishop's Throne, remarkable for the richness of its decorations : the upper part consists of three tiers of canopies, covered with ogee arches, pinnacles, crockets, &c., and the whole is termi nated with a crown and rich finial. Opposite is the pulpit, in which the same decorative style is observed. On either side are the prebendal stalls, the canopies of which, particularly the Dean's and Precentor's, are of the most ornamental style of the florid Gothic. On looking back towards the Lady Chapel, we observe that the east end of the Choir is terminated by three lofty arches, rising from clustered columns. Over these is the triforium or gallery, opening to the Choir by five arches ; and above these the window of three lights, already mentioned, representing the Israelites raising the Brazen Serpent in the Wilderness. Formerly the Choir was terminated by the High Altar, which was placed immediately before the Screen, which separated the Choir from the Lady Chapel. It is possible that, by Wyatt's arrangement, or rather dis-arrangement of this part of the building, some striking effects of perspective may have been produced ; but the impression on the whole is unsatisfactory. The vaulting of the Lady Chapel is not one- half the height of that of the Choir ; " the evident consequence is," to use Dr. Milner's words, " that as the sight is interrupted THE MUNIJIENT ROO.M. THE LIBRARY. 19 and descends, the mind feels an equal depression."' We must therefore agree with Sir R. C. Hoare and other competent judges, that every principle of good taste requires that the altar-screen should be replaced in its former position, and the proportions of the Choir and Lady Chapel restored according to the design of the original architect. With this qualifying remark, we take leave of this portion of the Cathedral. Having lingered thus long in the Choir, we dismiss the visitor to wander through the aisles and transepts, and consign him to the Verger, who will afford him every desirable in formation. The Muniment Eoom.— To the south of the smaller tran sept is the Vestry ; over the Vestry, and resembling it in size and shape, is the Muniment Eoom. It is an octagon, and can hardly be said to be lighted by some small apertures that seem intended rather to make "darkness visible" than to admit the day. The floor is laid with encaustic tiles, in pattern and arrangement exactly resembling the floor of the Chapter House. In the centre is a wooden column, from which ramify the stout rafters of the oaken roof, what Leland would call " a very strong thynge." Indeed, the whole place and everything in it wears the impress of strength and security. There are four presses, and two oblong chests ; the lids of the latter, suffi ciently immovable by their own weight, are further secured by several locks and massive staples. These chests and presses are the repositories of the valuable deeds and documents con- nected with the property and early history of the Church. The Rev. Peter Hall (1834) represents them as lying about in a most neglected and disorderly state — " a feast for moths and spiders ;" — but, we are informed, that the late Dean Lear cor rected this reprehensible state of things. The Vestry and Muniment Room, as we have been told, are indebted to that dignitary for their present neat and improved condition. We likewise learn that the records have all been inspected and arranged under the superintendence of Alfred Caswall, Esq. The Library was built by Bishop Jewell, and furnished with books by his successor. Bishop Gheast, and other bene factors. It contains about 5000 volumes, including many valuable works on Divinity and History. The manuscripts are about 130 in number. The most early is the Gregorian Liturgy, ' Milner's Historical Account of Winchester Cathedral, 59, 60. C 2 20 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. with an Anglo-Saxon version, extracts from which have been published by Mrs. Elstob. There is also an early copy ot Geoffrey of Monmouth. In the Chapter records is a copy of Magna Charta, supposed to be the Contemporary transcript which was intrusted to the care of William Longspee, Earl of Salisbury, as one of the witnesses to the original deed. Leaving the Library, we descend to THE CIOISTEBS. The Cloisters, which are now seen to great advantage, having been restored at a considerable expense by the late respected diocesan (Denison). They form a square on the south side of the Church, and extend from the great transept to the West end. The open area, which is covered with grass of unfading verdure, is used as a burial-place for the Close. Two cedar-trees stand in the centre. The ambulatory, eighteen feet wide, consists of a quadrangular arcade, with a wall on one side, and large open windows, between buttresses, on the other. Each window consists of four openings, divided by a clustered column in the centre and two single shafts. The eye is much THE CLOISTERS. 21 struck on entering the Cloisters by the long vista of the arcades, the vivid green turf in the centre, and the blue sky above. A fine view is obtained of the Cathedral from the south-west corner of the quadrangle. These Cloisters are said to constitute "one of the finest ornamental inclosures jn the kingdom." DIMENSIONS OE THE OtOISTEES. Prom out to out of the Walls Area inclosed Clear width to walk in ... Feet. 195140 18 The eastern side of the Cloister communicates with the Chapter House by a vestibule and double doorway, the arches of which spring from a clustered pillar with carved capital. AAA Nave and Aisles B North Transept and Aisle C South ditto ditto D Tower E Clioir P Lady Chapel G Small North Transept and H Ditto South ditto ditto I Muniment Room J North Aisle of Choir K South ditto of ditto L Chapter House M Consistorial Court N North Porch THE GEOtTND PLAN. INTEBIOE or CHAPTEE HOUSE. (Kha^ler the ©Iiivd. THE CHAPTER HOUSE. This building is an octagon, supported in the centre by one small pillar, whence spring the groins of the ceiling ; a deep stone plinth surrounds the interior, and at the east end, opposite the entrance, is a raised seat, the back of which is divided into seven compartments, intended for the Bishop, or Dean, and six principal dignitaries. The other niches, forty-two in number, were appropriated to the Prebendaries ; and two seats, one on THE CHAPTER HOUSE. 23 each side of the entrance, were for the Chancellor and Treasurer. The apartment is lighted by eight windows, opening between so many buttresses. These windows are divided by three muUions into four lights, and the heads are ornamented with open quatrefoils and rosettes. Between the bases of the windows and the seats an arcade is carried round the lower part of the walls. In the spandrils of this arcade is a remarkable series of sculptures, in high relief, representing portions of scripture history from the Creation to the overthrow of Pharaoh and the Egyptian host in the Red Sea. The sculptures on the left were wantonly defaced by the Crom- wellian Commissioners, who held their sittings in this building during the great rebellion ; when, as Britton with just indignation remarks, " These vulgar and brutal fanatics thought it meritorious to annihilate or mutilate every object of art and taste." They are now completely and accurately restored, and we have much pleasure in being enabled, through the kindness of a friend, to present the reader with a correct list of the whole series. LIST OF THE SCULPTURE. West Bay. 1. Description of Chaos. 2. Creation of the Firmament. North-west Bay. 3. Creation of the Earth. 4. Creation of the Sun and Moon. 5. Creation of the Birds and Pishes. 6. Creation of Adam and Eve. 7. The Sabhath. 8. The Institution of Marriage. 9. The Temptation. 10. The hiding in the garden. NoETH Bat. 11. The Expulsion. 12. Adam tilling the ground. 13. Cain and Abel's offering. 14. Murder of Abel. 15. God sentencing Cain. 16. God commanding Noah to build the ark. 17. The ark. 18. Noah's vineyard. Noeth-east Bat. 19. The drunkenness of Noah. 20. Building of the tower of Babel. 21. The angel appearing to Abraham. 22. Abraham entertaining angels. 23. Destruction of Sodom & Gomorrah. 24. The escape of Lot. 25. Abraham and Isaac journeying to the Mount. 26. The Sacrifice of Isaac. Bast Bat. 27. Isaac blessing Jacob. 28. Blessing of Esau, 29. Rebecca sending Jacob to Padan- aram. 30. Meeting of Jacob and Eachael. 31. Rachael introducing Jacob to Laban 32. Jacob wrestling with the angel, and Jacob's dream. 33. The angel touching Jacob's thigh. 34. Meeting of Jacob and Esau. South-east Bat. 36. Joseph's dream. 36. Joseph relating his dream. 37. Joseph being placed in the well. 38. Joseph sold into Egypt. 39. Joseph's coat brought to Jacob. 40. Joseph brought to Potiphar. 41. Joseph tempted by Potiphar'a wife. 42. Joseph accused before Potiphar. 24 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. South Bay. 43. Joseph placed in prison. 44. The fate of Pharaoh's baker and butler. 45. Pharaoh's dream. 46. Pharaoh's perplexity. 47. Joseph taken from prison, and interpreting the dream. 48. Joseph ruling in Egypt. 49. The brethreujoumeying into Egypt 50. The cup placed in Benjamin's sack. South-west Bat. 51. The discovery of the cup. 62 Thebrethrenpleadin^before Joseph 53! Jacob and famUy journeying to Egypt. 54. The brethren pleadingbeforeJoseph after the death of Jacob. 55. Joseph assuring his brethren of his protection. 56. Moses in the presence of God. 57. The passage of the Red Sea. 58. Destruction of the Egyptians. West Bay. 59. Moses striking the rock. 60. The declaring of the law. In contemplating the successive groups, the visitor will not fail to be struck with the richness and diversity of the foliated capitals of the shafts that divide the niches, and the wonderful variety of expression in the heads above them, exhibiting almost every phase of character, from the Demoniac to the Angelic. For a long period the Chapter House was in a dilapidated and even dangerous condition. The buttresses were more or less disturbed, portions of the walls were fractured, and the central pillar was about five inches out of the perpendicular. The Norman tiles, said to have been brought from the Cathe dral of Old Sarum, with which the Chapter House was paved, were in parts destroyed, and in others broken up and scattered about in fragments ; and indeed the whole interior wore a neglected and ruinous appearance. It was matter of notoriety that the late Bishop Denison, who, as we have seen, expended considerable sums on the Cloisters, had also conceived the design of repairing the Chapter House. Accordingly, at his lamented death, the restoration was resolved on as an appro priate memorial of the departed Prelate. Subscriptions were immediately commenced, and the work was so far advanced, that on July 30, 1856, the opening of the Chapter House, now partially restored, was inaugurated by a solemn service. The Mayor and Corporation attended in state, and were met by the Bishop and Clergy at the West-door, whence the procession advanced up the Nave, the choir singing " I will give thanks." The Bishop proceeded to his throne, and the Mayor and Cor poration took their seats ; the Dean and Chapter retiring to the Chapter House, to hold a Chapter, and perform the Latin office used at the installation of a Prebendary. The service then commenced, during which the Rev. F. Lear, Secretary of THE CHAPTER HOUSE. 25 the Restoration Committee, was installed Prebendary of Bishopstone. He was then conducted to the Chapter House, whence he shortly afterwards returned with the Dean and Chapter, the organ meanwhile playing a soft voluntary. The anthem chosen for the occasion was " Since by man came death " {Handel), followed by the magnificent chorus " Worthy is the Lamb." The 100th Psalm was then sung in unison, after which the Bishop preached. His Lordship spoke in touching terms of his lamented predecessor, whose memory was so naturally associated with the ceremonial of the day. At the conclusion of the service, a long procession of the clergy and civic body moved towards the Cloisters, on entering which the Choir commenced singing the 24th Psalm, and on reaching the Vestibule, they formed a line through which the procession passed into the Chapter House. The Choir then sang " O how amiable are thy dwellings," after which the Very Rev. the Dean addressed the Mayor and the members of the Town Council in a lucid speech, descriptive of the repairs and decorations already effected. The procession then retired in the order in which it had entered, and the Bishop and Clergy conducted the Mayor and Corporation to the West door. The restoration of the Chapter House is now happily in pro gress, under the able superintendence of Mr. Glutton, architect, and promises, when completed, to present a faithful reproduc tion of the splendours of Medifeval art. An encaustic pavement has been laid down by Minton, in strict accordance with the colours, patterns, and devices of the Norman tiles with which the floor was formerly paved. The central column of Purbeck marble (now restored to the perpendicular) with its delicate clustering shafts, has been polished up to a lustrous gloss, and the light vaulted roof is garlanded, as it were, with an elegant wreath of painted foliage, an exact revival of the original colouring, with gilded tufts at the intersection of the ribs. The sculptures, where mutilated or decayed, have been accurately restored by Mr. J. B. Philip, in Caen stone, and Mr. O. Hudson has favoured us with a most admirable specimen of decorative painting in the revived polychrome of four of the bays. The walls of the arcade are diapered in rich and harmonious colours, and profusely embellished with fleurs de lis, birds, and various devices similar to those in the pavement. The marble shafts dividing the niches are polished 26 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. to a "silvery lustre," i and the gilded foliage of their capitals shines out with a most splendid effect. The arch-mouldings of the canopies re-appear in their primitive hues; and the judicious application of colours and gilding to the sculptures has been attended with the happy effect, if we mistake not, of rendering the grouping more distinct, and imparting additional animation and expression to the figures of the frieze. The beauty of the whole is enhanced by four new windows, very light and elegant in character. They are glazed with richly diapered glass, the quatrefoils and rosette in the head being relieved by some figures in brilliant colours. ^ One can now easily anticipate the effect that will be produced when the other bays are similarly decorated ; — when the eight large and lofty windows are filled with stained glass, and this gorgeous apartment is illumined by the ever-varying lights of the shifting sunbeams. Britton seems to have endeavoured to realize the scene in his mind when he wrote as follows : — " Fancy can partly draw a picture of this noble and highly embellished apartment, when a dim religious light passing through the many-coloured stained glass, refracted a countless variety of tints on the painted surface of the walls, and which, harmonizing with the glazed floor, and with a vaulted roof ' The Dean's expression in his address to the Corporation. ^ The following we copy from an appeal issued July, 1858, from the Denison Memorial Committee : — "The Vestibule has been restored, with the exception of the painting of the ceiling and walls. The encaustic pavement was laid down under the direction of the late Mr. Minton, who liberally abated one-fourth of the cost. " The Entrance Gate has been fixed. It is constructed of galvanized iron, and was the workmanship of Messrs. Hardman, of Birmingham. Her Majesty's gracious donation of 1001. has been applied towards the payment of it. " Of the Windows, four have been put up, executed by Mr. Ward, of Frith- street, London, after the grisaille pattern. The funds for the South window were contributed by George Wingfield Digby, Esq. ; for the East by members of the late Bishop's family ; for the West by the Prebendaries of the Cathe dral ; and for the South-west by a guinea subscription among ladies interested in the restoration of the building. " The Polychromy of the Entrance Bay has been executed at the expense of the Hon. Mrs. Denison, and that of one of the Arcades at the expense of Edward Hamilton, Esq. The Eastern Bay has been painted at the charge of six indi viduals. Mrs. Wickins, of the Close, has appropriated the sum of 30?. to the restoration of the ancient table of the Chapter House. "The whole sum expended in the work, from its commencement to the present time is 5760?. 7s. Id., with bills still due, amounting to 103?. 17s. lOd. The total amount contributed being 5720?. 4s. 8d. ; leaves a deficiency of 134?. Os. 3d. " It still remains to paint the ceiling and walls of the Vestibule, to finish the Polychromy of the four unpainted Arcades, aud to provide stained glass for four windows ; works which, it is estimated, will cost about 1500?. or 1600?." THE CHAPTER HOUSE. 27 perfectly in unison, must have produced a coup d'ceil of transcendant richness and splendour." We rejoice to think that this picture, so eminently characteristic of the bel moyen age, will, ere long, be presented to the eyes of the present generation ; when we feel assured that our beautiful Chapter House, restored, as it were to its former self, will charm and dazzle the beholder Till it shines out, a thing to bless. All fuU of light and loveliness ! We recommend the visitor, before leaving, to linger for a moment in the Vestibule, as we would direct his attention to a remarkable series of sculptures, on the archivolt over the doorway leading into the Chapter House. They are fourteen in number, and are supposed to be allegorical representations of the various virtues, vices, and passions. Professor Cockerell recognises in the first two figures, Hope and Despair ; in the next two, Pity, or Hospitality, and Treachery ; Pity has thrown part of a cloak over Treachery, who is in the act of running a sword into the side of the former. This, it is thought, may probably have suggested the image in Chaucer — Smite her vrith knife beneath the cloak. The next figures are said to be Justice and Punishment ; then. Truth extracting lies from Scandal ; and the last two that could at the time (1849) be deciphered with any degree of probability were supposed to represent Piety and Sensuality. In reference to these sculptures. Professor Cockerell remarks : — ^" Their design is exquisite, equal indeed to the great works of Flaxman and Stothard ; and they resemble the works of the gates of Florence, which are posterior in date." Indeed it is difiicult to persuade ourselves that, in these figures, so elegant in contour and so ideal in character, we are contemplating the work of a Gothic artist of the thirteenth century. DIMENSIONS OP THE CHAPTEE-HOUSE. Feet. Out to out of the walls, diameter 78 In the clear withinside ... ... ... ... ... 58 Height of the vaulted ceiling ... ... ... ... 52 SOUTH-WEST TIEW. Q^hagtcr the ^^urth. THE SPIRE. The erection of the tower and spire is supposed to have taken place in the early part of Edward the Third's reign. In 1331, that monarch, by a grant dated at Sherborne, allowed the Dean and Chapter to remove the walls of Osmund's Cathe dral, and of the episcopal and canonical residences at Old Sarum to the New City, " for the improvement of the Church of New Sarum and the Close thereunto belonging." The tower and spire and the embattled walls of the Close are believed to have been built of these materials. We would refer the curious reader to Price's more detailed account of the interior mechanism of -this extraordinary structure ; we must THE SPIRE AND TOWER. 29 content ourselves with a summary. The tower consists of three divisions. The first is the original finish, terminating with an embattled moulding a few feet above the roof. The second may be regarded as the beginning of the second archi tect's work, or the foundation for the proposed superstructure ; its walls are six feet thick. But, as if the weight of the addi tional mass had already produced alarming effects, the third story of the tower is reduced to a hollow, light kind of work, consisting of pilasters and recesses, and very inferior in strength and weight to the second. In each angle of the tower is a staircase leading to the top, which is called the Eight Doors, there being two doors at each side. The spire is an octagon, four of the sides of which stand upon the walls of the tower, the other four sides resting on arches thrown across the four angles of the tower. These arches have no abutment except what results from the ban dages of iron worked into the walls of the tower. The stones of which these arches are composed are cramped together with iron. The walls of the tower are five feet thick where the spire begins, two feet being employed in the foundation of the spire (if it may be so called), two feet for a passage from the staircases into the spire, and the other foot is taken up by the parapet wall. The walls of the spire are two feet thick at the bottom, continue of that thickness to the height of twenty feet, and are thence only nine inches thick to the summit. The architect has contrived a timber frame in the centre of the spire, which served as a scaffold during the progress of the work ; and when the whole was finished it was suspended from the capstone of the spire by means of the iron bar which bears the vane, thus adding an artificial strength to the shell of stone, without a proportionate increase of weight. By this frame you ascend by ladders to the weather-door (about thirty feet from the extreme top), whence you climb up the remaining part of the spire on the outside by iron handles, yoted into the Walls, and covered with lead, to prevent their contracting rust. The whole surface of the tower is profusely decorated with pilasters, columns, arches, pediments, &c., and three bands of ornamental tracery. At the angles of the tower stand octagonal turrets, with embattled bases, and small crocketed spires. Behind them are four highly-elaborated members, rising in pinnacles, and richly charged with knobs, crockets, and finials. These, with the four decorated doorways, crowned with taber- 30 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. nacles, charm the eye, and insensibly blend the square tower with the octagonal form of the spire. The spire is divided into four nearly equal parts by three fillets of lozenge-work resembling that at the west end ; and has ribs at each angle enriched with two rows of knobs. With regard to the height of the spire, it has been stated in some accounts to be as much as 410 feet. Colonel John Wyndham made an experiment with a barometer in 1684, by which he ascertained the highest point to be exactly 404 feet from the ground. It is now generally computed at about 400 feet. In addition to what we have already stated relative to the declination of the spire from the perpendicular, we have to remark that this declination is not in a direct line, or in all parts alike. At the top of the parapet of the tower the decli nation is 9g inches to the south, and 3f to the west ; at the weather-door it is 20 inches south, and 12J west ; and at the capstone of the spire 24^ south, and IBJ west. Hence it appears that the declension is greatest nearest the top. We shall conclude our account of the Cathedral with a brief general notice. It consists of a nave, choir, and Lady Chapel, each with side aisles, and of two transepts, each with one lateral aisle towards the east. From the intersection of the greater transept with the nave rise the tower and spire. On the north is a lofty porch : the cloisters, chapter house, and muniment room lie to the south. The walls and buttresses are composed of Chilmark stone, brought from a village of that name, twelve miles distant. The pillars and shafts are of Purbeck marble. Fine parapet walls surround the whole building ; and the quantity of timber in the several roofs, according to a computation laid before the Lords of the Trea sury in 1737, amounts to 2641 tons of oak. Alicia, heiress of the powerful family of Brewer, granted all the stone required for this church during twelve years. Elias de Derham, the friend of Bishop Poore, is commemorated as the superintendent or architect for twenty-five years, and Robert is named as chifef mason or builder for the same period. This beautiful and majestic edifice is reputed to be the purest and most perfect specimen of the early English or pointed style to be found, not only in this country, but, perhaps, in Europe. From the uni formity and elegance of its design, and the simplicity and grandeur of its style, Salisbury Cathedral may be characterised as the Parthenon of Gothic Architecture. the dimensions of the cathedral. 31 This See has yielded to the church of Rome one Saint, two Cardinals ; and to the English nation one Lord Chief Justice, three Lord Chancellors, two Lord Treasurers, two Masters of the Rolls, two Chancellors to the University of Oxford, and one to the University of Cambridge. The Diocese of Salisbury now comprises the counties of Wilts and Dorset, and is divided into three Archdeaconries — Sarum, Wilts, and Dorset. The members of the Cathedral establishment are the Dean, the Precentor, the Chancellor of the Diocese, the Chancellor of the Church, the Treasurer, the Archdeacons of Sarum, Wilts, and Dorset, the Sub-dean, the Succentor, and forty-three Pre bendaries, of whom four are residentiary, and called Canons. These are elected by their own body, except one, who is appointed by the Bishop. Also four Vicars Choral, seven Lay Vicars or Singing Men, an Organist, and eight Choristers, besides inferior officers. Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury, was the first Chancellor of the Order of the Garter ; so created by a charter of Edward IV. (1450). The Bishops of Sarum held the office for 89 years, till Cardinal Campeggio incurred the displeasure of Henry VIIL From that time till the reign of Charles II. (a period of 132 years) it was in the hands of laymen. The last lay Chancellor was Sir Henry de Vic. At his death, which happened in 1671, the office was restored to the see of Sarum, in the person of Seth Ward. The Chapel of St. George, of Windsor, designed for the celebration of the solem nities of the order, is now in the diocese of Oxford, and the Bishop of that see enjoys the dignity so long annexed to Sarum. DIMENSIONS OF THE CATHEDEAL. INSIDE. Ft. In. Length of the Nave 229ft. 6in., Choir 151ft., Lady Chapel") .,, 68ft. 6in i*°*^'' 449 0 Principal Transept 203 10 Eastern Transept 143 0 Widths of the N"ave and Choir from pillar to pillar 34 3 Aisles from pillar to wall ... 17 6 Principal Transept 34 10 Its aisle 15 6 Eastern Transept 24 10 Its aisle 14 0 32 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. Height of the Vaulting of the Nave, Choir, and Transepts Aisles and Lady Chapel OUTSIDE. Extreme length Principal Transept Eastern Transept Width of the West Front Nave and Aisles Principal Transept with its aisle ... Eastern Transept ... Height from the pavement to the top of the Spire To the top of the parapet wall of the Nave Aisles Eoof West Front The admeasurement round the exterior is 880 yards, or half i Height of St. Peter's, at Home Salisbury Cathedral St. Paul's, London The Monument, London Ft. In. . 81 0 . 39 9 . 473 0 . 229 7 . 170 0 . Ill 4 99 4 81 4 65 0 400 0 87 0 44. 0 115 0 130 0 mile. 437 0 400 0 370 0 202 0 A CHEON OLOOIOAL LIST OF THE BISHOPS OF WILTSHIEE. Bthelstan, cons. 909 Odo, SeveruB, c. 920, trans. Canterbury, 934 Osulphus, c. 934, died 970 Alfstanus, c. 980, d. 981 Alfgarus, or Wolfgarus, c. 981 Siricius, c. 986, trans. Canterbury, 989 AJfricus, or Aluricus, c. 989, trans. Canterbury, 995 Brithwold, c. 995, trans. Winchester, 1006 Herman,* c. 1046 OF SAEUM. Herman,* d. about 1078 Osmund, o. 1078, d. Dec, 3, 1099 Roger, c. Aug. 10,1107, d. Dec. 11, 1139 Joceline de Bailul, c. 1142, d. Nov. 18, 1184 Hubert Walter, c. Oct. 22, 1189, trans. Canterbury, 1193 Herbert Poore, c. June 5, 1194, d. Feb. 6, 1241 OF SALISBUEY. Richard Poore, trans. Chichester, 1217, trans. Durham, 1228 Robert Bingham, c. May, 1229, d. Nov. 3, 1246 William de York, c. July 14, 1247, d. March 31, 1256 Egidius de Bridport, c. March 11, 1256- 57, d. Dec. 13, 1262 Walter de la Wyle, c. May 27, 1263, d. Jan. 3, 1270 Robert de Wickhampton, u. March 6, 1270, d. Aprn 24, 1284 Walter Scammell, c. Oct. 22, 1284, d. Oct. 25, 1286 Henry de Braundston, c. 1287, d. Feb. 11, 1287-88 » It IS supposed that there may have been one or more Bishops between Brithwold and Herman ; but neither Godwin, Le Neve, Dodsworth, or any other writer e,\cGpt Hevlin, alludes to the circumstance ; the latter mentions two, Livingus and Athelwinus BISHOPS OP SALISBURY. 33 William de Corner, c. March 16, 1289, d. 1291 Nicholas Longspee, c. March 16, 1291, d. May 18, 1297 Simon de Gandavo, c. Oct. 20, 1297, d. May 31, 1315 Roger de Mortival, c. Sept. 28, 1315, d. March 14, 1329 Robert de Wyvil, i;. 1330, d. Sept. 4, 1376 Ralph Brghum, c. Dec. 9, 1375, trans. Bath and Wells, 1388 John Waltham, c. Sept. 20, 1388, d. Sept., 1395 Richard Metford, trans. Chichester, 1395, d. May 3, 1407 Nicholas Bubwith, trans. London, July, 1407, trans. Bath and Wells, 1407 Robert Hallam, c. June, 1408, d. Sept. 4, 1417 John Chandler, c. Dec. 12, 1417, d. July, 1426 Robert NeviUe, c. Oct. 26, 1427, trans. Durham, Dec. 1437 William Aiscough, c. July 20, 1438, d. June 29, 1460 Richard Beauchamp, trans. Hereford, Aug. 14, 1450, d. Oct. 1481 Lionel WoodviUe, c. April 17, 1482, d. 1484 Thomas Langton, trans. St. David's, Feb. 9, 1484, trans. Winchester, 1493 John Blythe, c. Feb. 23, 1493, d. Aug, 28, 1499 Henry Dean, trans. Bangor, March 22, 1500, trans. Canterbury, 1501 Edmund Audley, trans. Hereford, April 2, 1602, d. Aug. 23, 1524 Laurence Campegio, c. Dec. 2, 1524, deprived, 1534 Nicholas Shaxton, c. April 11, 1585, resigned July 1, 1539 John Salcot, or Capon, trans. Bangor, July 31, 1589, d. Oct. 6, 1557 John Jewell, c. Jan. 21, 1559-60, d. Sept. 23, 1571 Edmund Gheast, trans. Rochester, Deo. 24, 1571, d. Feb. 28, 1676-77 John Piers, trans. Rochester, Dec. 2, 1577, trans. York, 1588 John Ooldwell, c. Dec. 26, 1591, d. Oct. 14, 1596 Henry Cotton, c. Nov. 12, 1598,'d. May 7, 1615 Robert Abbot, c. Dec. 3, 1615, d. March 2, 1617-18 Martin Fotherby, c. April 19, 1618, d. March 11, 1619-20 Robert Tounson, c. July 9, 1620, d. May 15, 1621 John Davenant, u. Nov. 18, 1621, d. April 20, 1641 Brian Duppa, trans. Chichester, 1641, trans. Winchester, 1660 Humphrey Henchman, c. Oct. 28, 1660, trans. London, Sept. 15, 1663 John Earle, trans. Worcester, Sept. 26, 1663, d. Nov. 17, 1665 Alexander Hyde, c. Dec. 31, 1665, d. Aug. 22, 1667 Seth Ward, trans. Exeter, Sept. 12, 1667, d. Jan. 6, 1688-89 Gilbert Burnet, c. March 31, 1689, d. March 17, 1714-15 William Talbot, trans. Oxford, April 23, 1716, trans. Durham, 1721 Richard Willis, trans. Gloucester, Nov. 21, 1721, trans. Winchester, 1723 Benjamin Hoadley, trans. Hereford, Oct. 29, 1723, trans. Winchester, 1734 Thomas Sherlock, trans. Bangor, Nov. 8, 1734, trans. London, 1748 John Gilbert, trans. LlandaiF, 1748, trans. York, 1757 John Thomas, trans. Peterborough, 1757, trans. Winchester, 1761 Robert Hay Drummond, trans. St. Asaph, 1761, trans. York, 1761 John Thomas, trans. Lincoln, Dec. 1761, d. June, 1766 John Hume, trans. Oxford, 1766, d. July 27, 1782 Shute Barrington, trans. Llandaff, 1782, Durham, 1791 John Douglas, trans. Carlisle, June, 1791, died May, 1807 John Fisher, trans. Exeter, 1807, d. May 8, 1825 Thomas Burgess, trans. St. David's, July, 1825, d. Feb. 19, 1837 Edward Denison, c. May, 1837, d. May 7, 1854 Walter Kerr Hamilton, u. May 14, 1854 34 PLAN OF THE MONUMENTS. SS - * # s * S 50 * # 49 * 52 * 48 * 38 « * * * « * 11 « 13 12 * 15 * 59 8 * * ffi 63 6(i * 64 * * 3 * . u 80 * » * S3 89 * « * Ill The number,? correspond with tliose prefixed to tha descriptions. THE MONUMENTS. We commence our tour of the Monuments from the grand entrance at the West end, and the first which occurs on the South side is : — 1. A handsome marble monument, with a figure of Hibernia, executed by Eysbrack. It was erected to the memory of Thomas, Lord Wyndham, of Finglass, in Ireland, youngest son of John Wyndham, of Norrington, in the County of Wilts, Esq. His lordship died the 24th November, 1745. 2. A flat coflan-shaped stone of Purbeck marble, of which mention has already been made as probably the oldest monu ment in the Church. It is conjectured to have been brought from Old Sarum with the bones of Bishop Herman, who died in 1078. 3. The next in order on the same side is the monumental effigy of a Bishop, in pontificalibus, with a crosier, piercing a dragon, and surrounded with a border of birds and foliage. This stone is said to have been brought from Old Sarum, with the body oi Bishop Joceline, in 1226. He died in 1184. 4. At the feet of the above is a slab of blue speckled marble, which has been the subject of much discussion. Messrs. Hatcher and Duke attribute it to Joceline, while Messrs. Britton and Gough assign it to the famous Bishop Roger. Down the front of the robe are the words " Affer opem deve- nies in idem." All round the sides of the stone vertically are letters, described by Mr. Gough as a mixture of Saxon and Roman characters. The following is the inscription : — " Flent hodie Salesberie quia decidit ensis Justitie, pater ecclesie Salisbiriensis : Dum viguit, miseros aluit, i'astusque potentum Non timuit, sed clava fuit terrorque nocentum He Ducibus, de nobUibus primordia duxit Principibus, propeque tibi qui gemma reluxit." D 2 36 HANDBOOK TO SALISBUEY CATHEDRAL. MONUMENTS IN THE NAVE. 37 Eoger figures in Lord Campbell's late work as " Lord Chan cellor Eoger." He has been aptly called the Wolsey of his age ; but the Chancellor of the first Henry exhibited a far more courageous spirit in his fall than did the Chancellor of Henry the Eighth. William of Malmesbury says, that the King committed the government of the kingdom to him, whether he himself were in England or in Normandy, where he sometimes remained for three or four years together. Henry of Huntingdon says of him, " He was Justiciary of all England and next to the King." How expressive is the dum viguit of the epitaph, when understood of such a personage, who died, as we have mentioned in our introductory sketch, "in a fury," starved, maddened, and broken-hearted ! We would take the liberty of remarking that, with the exception of that part which speaks of the high birth of the person here represented, the above inscription is far more applicable to Eoger than to Joceline. Bishop Eoger died in 1139. 5. This tomb contains the remains of some one unknown. 6. The first tomb that occurs after the interruption of the plinth, is an altar tomb containing the remains of Bishop Beauchamp, which were removed from his Chantry Chapel by Wyatt, in 1789. It seems that the Bishop's own tomb was destroyed or "mislaid" (!) during the ceremony of "transla tion." Beauchamp has been called the Wickham of his age. He superintended the construction of St. George's Chapel, at Windsor, and as a reward for his services was made Chancellor of the Order of the Garter : he also built the great hall of the Episcopal Palace. He was commemorated by a Cenotaph at Windsor, and he erected an elaborate Chantry Chapel for himself in his own Cathedral. He died in 1481, and for upwards of 300 years lay in the middle of his own beautiful and costly dormitory, with his father and mother on either side of him, " in marble tumbes" (Leland). In 1789 he was fain to find " a receptacle" (as Dodsworth phrases it) for his bones in the present tomb, which was taken from the aisle at the North end of the principal transept. It was empty, nor could the least trace be discovered to whom it had belonged. 7. Is a tomb composed of portions of the Hungerford Chapel. The effigy, which is of alabaster, represents Robert, Lord Hungerford, clad in mail armour, with a collar of SS. round his neck. This monument formerly stood between the Lady Chapel and the Hungerford Chapel, which latter was founded 38 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. by this nobleman's widow, Margaret, daughter and heiress of Lord Botreaux. Robert Lord Hungerford served m trance under the Regent Duke of Bedford, and died in 1459. By his will he directed his body to be buried m Salisbury Cathedral, before the Altar of St. Osmund. 8. In the adjacent tomb are three large apertures on each side : these represent the six sources of the Stour ; being part of the armorial bearings of Lord Stourton, who was hanged by a silken cord in the Market-place of Salisbury, for murder, m the reign of Queen Mary. 9. Is the mutilated effigy of Bishop De la Wyle, who founded the Collegiate Church of St. Edmund in this city, and died 1270. The last on the south side is 10. The tomb of William Longspee, flrst Earl of Salisbuiy of that name, natural son of King Henry the Second, by fair Rosamond. This monument was formerly richly painted, diapered, and gilt, and still retains marks of the original colouring. The effigy is of gray marble, in mail armour, a long sword by the side, and upon an antique shield embossed six lions, or leopards, 3, 2, and 1. The same bearing was also painted upon the surcoat. This tomb formerly stood on the north side of the Lady Chapel, and was removed to its present situation by Mr. Wyatt. Crossing over to the north side of the nave is 11. The alabaster effigy of Sir John Cheyney. As a work of art of the period when it was executed, it is very beautiful, and deserves the particular notice of those who take an interest in military costume. Sir John Cheyney fought at Bosworth field. In Hall's Chronicle occurs the following passage : — " Kyng Rychard set on so sharpely at the first Brount that he ouerthrew therle's standarde and slew Sir William Brandon his standarde bearer, and matched hand to hand with Ihon Cheynye, a man of great force and strength, which would have resisted him, and the saied Ihon was by him manfully ouer- throwen," &c. The " saied Ihon " was also overthrown by Mr. Wyatt, in 1789, when his tomb was destroyed in the general demolition of the Beauchamp Chapel. His skeleton was found entire, and justified the fame of his extraordinary strength and stature. The thigh bone measured above twenty-one inchesj or near four inches longer than the usual standard. His re mains are deposited in the present tomb. 12 and 13. Are two brassless tombs joined together, on MONUMENTS IN THE NAVE. 39 which were formerly the effigies, in brass, of Walter Lord Hungerford, father to Eobert above mentioned, and of his first wife, Catherine Peverell. Their remains, together with the iron Chantry Chapel erected over them, were removed by their descendant, the Earl of Eadnor, in 1779, and placed at the south end of the Choir, as already related at page 18. A brass plate hard by records the removal and the date, Jacob C, Eadnor, Anno 1779. 14. A mean altar-shaped tomb, covered by a slab, inscribed with the date anno mxcis. This nameless, fractured stone is all that is left in the Cathedral of Salisbury to attest the existence, and honour the memory of Salisbury's tutelary Saint — of " the blessed Osmund," Saint, Soldier, Bishop, Chancellor, twice an Earl, Nephew of William the Conqueror, founder of the Church of Sarum, &c. &c. &c. Osmund's tomb formerly stood in the centre of the Lady Chapel. At the time of Mr. Wyatt's alterations (1789-90, &c.) it was removed — this slab was lifted, and under it was found — nothing ! Without, can only strangers breathe The name of him who was beneath ; Dust long outlasts the storied stone, But thou — thy very dust is gone ! — Byeon. 15. The monument of Sir John de Montacute, younger son of William, first Earl of Salisbury of that family. The effigy is that of a knight, in mail and chain armour, the head resting on a helmet, and a lion at the feet. On the side of the tomb, in quatrefoil panels, are shields of arms, two of them exhibiting the arms of Montacute impaling the spread eagle oiMonthermer — the heiress of which family he married. Sir John de Mon tacute fought at Cressy, and died February 25, 1389. 16 and 17. These are tombs of some persons unknown. 18. Next to these unappropriated tombs is the effigy of a warrior, mailed from head to foot, with a surcoat, long shield, his hand on the hilt of a broad sword, a lion at his feet, and his legs crossed after the fashion of the effigies in the Eound of the Temple Church, in London. This figure is supposed to represent William Longspee, son of the Earl of Salisbury of that name. He was one of the most celebrated of the Crusaders under Saint Louis, was slain fighting near Cairo, in 1250, and was buried in the Church of Holy Cross, at Acre. This cha racteristic memorial is said to have been erected by his mother, 40 HANDBOOK TO SALISBURY CATHEDEAL. Ela, Abbess of Lacock. For a full and most interesting account of this hero the reader is referred to Bowles' History of Lacock Abbey. 19. At the head of the above is the curious and unique monument of the Boy Bishop. It long lay buried under the seats near the pulpit ; on the removal of which, about the year 1680, it was discovered and transferred to its present situation. It was at first covered with a wooden box, which, precluding the gratification of the popular curiosity, was soon destroyed, and an iron grating substituted. The history of this miniature image of episcopacy is briefly this : — Upon St. Nicholas' Day (December 6) the boys of the Choir elected from among themselves a Bishop, hence called the Boy or Choral Bishop, From the day of his election to that of the Holy Innocents (December 28) he bore the name and style of a Bishop, while the other Choristers played the part of Prebendaries. On the eve of Innocents' Day they attended the Cathedral in great state. The spectacle drew such immense crowds together, that it was found necessary to denounce the penalty of the greater excommunication against those who should interrupt or press upon the children in their procession, or in any part of their service. They entered by the west door, and in due proces sional pomp advanced to the Choir, the Dean and Canons flrst, the Chaplains next, and in the last and highest place the Boy Bishop, with pastoral staff and mitre (the latter often very splendid), and surrounded by his little band of mimic dignitaries. In this state they proceeded up the Nave, the Bishop and his companions chanting in alternate verse. Arrived at the Altar of the Holy Trinity the Bishop took his seat, and the rest of the boys arranged themselves on each side of the Choir on the highest benches, the resident Canons bearing the incense, and the minor Canons the tapers. The service then commenced, " according to the use of Sarum." The collect still retained in the reformed church, " O Almighty God, who, out of the mouths of babes and sucklings hast ordained strength," &c., formed part of the service, and indeed may be considered as the moral of this curious religious pageant. In case the Boy Bishop died within the month of his " little brief authority " (naturally a very rare occurrence), his obsequies were cele brated with great pomp, and he was buried, like real prelates, in his pontifical garments. Hence the origin of this remarkable monument. This curious custom was not confined to Salisbury; MONUMENTS — NAVE AND NORTH GREAT TRANSEPT. 41 it was observed in the colleges of Winchester and Eton. Warton says that the Eton Montem originated in this ancient and popular practice. The ceremony of the Boy Bishop was forbidden, by royal proclamation, in 1542, by Henry VIIL, revived during the short reign of his daughter Mary, and on the accession of Elizabeth, finally abolished. 20. The last tomb on the same side, between the pillars, evidently a very ancient one, is that of some person unknown. 21. A monument of black marble, to the memory of Dr. Dauhigny Turburville, an eminent oculist of Salisbury, con temporary with Bishop Seth Ward. He died April 21, 1696, in his eighty-fifth year. We now retrace our steps and enter the North Aisle op THE Nave. Towards the Eastern end of the wall is 22. A handsome mural tablet, by Osmond, to the memory of William Coles, Esq., of the Close, who died in 1789, aged 88. Also of Jane, his wife, who died in 1801, aged 92, Also of Jane Medlycott, their only daughter, who died in 1824, aged 82 years. Also her daughter, who died 1839, aged 70. 23. A marble monument, with a long Latin inscription, to John Stephens, Mus. D., Organist of the Cathedral, who died 1780 ; and of his wife, Mary, who died in 1779. 24. A small mural tablet or scroll to the memory of James Wickins, Esq., who died 19th May, 1827 ; and of his relict, Anne, who died 20th January, 1850, aged 97. In the North Great Transept. On the west wall are the following monuments : — To the memory of 25. Margaret, wife of Gabriel Ashley, who died July 9, 1679. 26. Of Frederick Webb, son of the late Sir John Webb, Bart., who died 1846. Also of his youngest son, Augustus Frederick Cavendish Webb, Esq., Captain I7th Lancers, who died at Scutari, on the 6th November, 1854, aged 22, from wounds received in the brilliant Light Cavalry charge at Balak- lava, 25th October, 1854. 27. Is a large slab of white marble, commemorating several members of the Harris family, who are buried in the transept. 28. A chaste and elegant brass, laid in a slab of black marble. Two angels under a canopy hold a scroll, inscribed : — " In memory of John Britton, historian of this edifice, and author of the noble series of works on the ' Cathedral and Mediaeval Antiquities of England ;' this memorial is erected 42 HANDBOOK TO SALISBUEY CATHEDEAL. [with the concurrence of the Dean and Chapter] by members of the Eoyal Institute of British Architects, to record their sense of the eminent services by which he revived the admira tion of Englishmen for the venerable monuments of the taste and piety of their forefathers, and gained for these majestic structures the respect of foreign nations. Born July 7, 1771, at Kington St. Michael, Wilts. Died January 1, 1857, in London. Buried at Norwood Cemetery, Surrey." Around the whole is an ornamental border, containing in it a verse from the 48th Psalm — " We have thought of Thy lovingkind- ness, O Lord God, in the midst of Thy temple ! " 29. A handsome monument, by Bacon, to James Harris, Esq., author of Hermes, &c. Moral Philosophy is represented mourning over a medallion head of the deceased. Mr. Harris died 22nd December, 1780, in his seventy-second year. Adjoining is 30. The monument of his son, James, first Earl of Malmes bury. It is the work of Chantry, and exhibits a full length figure of the Earl in a half-recumbent position, the left hand resting on an open book, and his countenance fixed on high, with an expression of serene composure. A long inscription records the distinguished diplomatic career of deceased, and informs us in conclusion that this monument is erected in his native city by his most aff'ectionate sister, the Hon. Katherine Gertrude Eobinson. He was born April 9th, O. S. 1746, and died 21st Nov., 1820, aged 74 years. The next monument is 31. To the memory of William Benson Earle, Esq., of the Close, who appears to have been a gentleman of cultivated mind and benevolent disposition. He left a bequest of 2000 guineas to the Widows' College, in the Close, besides various other legacies for charitable purposes. The monument is by l