.i h. . ':(: INTRODUCTION. It has long been matter of regret, that a county like that of Southampton, rife with legend and local interest, should be without a history — a county containing, as it does, within its ambit, that most famous city, as Camden calls it, Venta Bel- garum, with the Roman stations of Portchester, Bitterne, and Silchester ; a county full of tradition of the obstinate resist ance offered to the Roman general, Vespasian, whom the poet celebrates as — " Ille quidem nuper felici marte Britannos Fuderat"— and around whose arm a snake is said to have wreathed its scaly coil without injury. Much might be said of the gentle Avon, and of Cerdic's Ford (contracted into Chardford), from the brave Saxon Cerdic ; how he defeated the Britons under Natanleod, the most powerful of their kings, in a pitched battle, and not only extended his own frontier, but left an easy war to be conducted by his descendants. Much might be said of the Isle of Wight — of Carisbrook — of Quarr — of Christchurch, with its ancient castle, long since crumbled into dust, with its church of prebendaries, built iu the Saxon iv INTRODUCTION. days, repaired in those of William Rufus, and endowed by De Rivers, Earl of Devon, Of Southampton, the Clausentum of the Itinerary, where Canute checked the flattery of his courtiers, and, causing his chair to be placed on the shore, commanded the tide to stay its waves ; and where, when the rippling surge had leapt upon his feet, he declared that none deserved the name of king but He to whose omnipotence the heaven and earth and sea were all obedient ; and how from that moment he laid aside his crown, and placed it on ]the crucifix. Much might be said of the Norman Conqueror, whose passion for the chase spread terror and destruction through lands since called the New Forest ; of the sport of the royal huntsman, of his violent end, and of the curse pronounced upon his lifeless corpse, when Anselm Fitz-Arthur, the rightful lord of the soil, stood forth to deny him burial at the altar of St, Stephen's at Caen — a curse which they who heard it remembered well, when Rufus his son fell stricken from his horse with the arrow of Sir Walter Tyrrel, in the forest which the Conqueror had depopulated. Much again might be said in aftertimes of the Hospital of St, Cross — of the Crusaders, whose votive windows still adorn its beautiful church — of the princely magnificence of the prelates, Wykeham and Wayn- fleet, and many others, whose piety has come down to us in their colleges and foundations — of the Chancellor Wriottesley, who dismantled the Abbey of Titchfield, and erected the mansion sometime the shelter of the unfortunate Charles, but now in ruins — of Basyng, celebrated in the wars of the Com monwealth, and of numberless other men and places famous in story, whose incidents would go far to compile an extensive and highly interesting history. INTRODUCTION, v It is, at least, singular that no one has yet been found to gather into shape this mass of neglected material ; and, thinking that long ere this some Leland would be willing to undertake a task so congenial to the historian and the antiquary, I, some time since, commenced to make inquiry into the early records of the hundred in which I was born : this I have continued as opportunity offered, and the result has been, that notes have become the fragments of a narrative, and that the fragments themselves, in course of time, have assumed the shape of the present volume. It has little to recommend it, either in the style of diction or the arrange ment of its details ; but I have endeavoured to discover the truth, and to throw aside all for which no reasonable founda tion existed. There are very few instances where I have not personally examined the original documents or attested copies, in order that mistakes might not occur ; and where there is a doubt it will be found expressed. At the request of those to whom the subject has been mentioned, I have been induced to place it in the hands of the printer ; and in doing so I must seek for a justification in the fact, that collections once made and scattered are not easily regained, and that with each successive year the traditions of a neighbourhood pass away and are wholly lost. The preservation of obsolete customs and manners tends much to the illustration of history, and the gratification of individual curiosity. The fluctuations of property, the revo lutions of fortunes in families, and the occurrences of the day, point oftentimes to the decay of population, the diversion of commerce, and the change in a locality ; and without some knowledge of the past it is impossible to speculate with any degree of probability on the course of the uncertain future. vi INTRODUCTION. I can only hope that the little which I have done may stimulate others to a similar contribution, and that some association, like that of Sussex, may ere long be found for the preservation and publication of the private records which are to be found dispersed among the muniment rooms of the nobility and landowners of the county of Southampton, The Plates with which the work is illustrated have been contributed by Mr. Padwick, the Lord of Hayling. CHARLES JOHN LONGCROFT. Havant, January, 1856, LIST OF PLATES, PAGE. Map of Hayling (facing title). Warblington Castle and Church 110 Eobert, Archbishop of Canterbury , . . . . . 164 The Elevation of the Abbey of Jumieges 168 Interior of ditto ,,...... 16S Arms of ditto 168 Initial Letter 168 The Tomb of the Enervated 169 Eolla, Statue of 169 St. Philibert, &c. 172 Dubose, Portrait of . 223 Hayling Bridge and Salterns 292 Library, Bathing-house, and Hote 1 , . . 293 Hayling South Church , 294 Windows, Prior's Grave, &c. .... , 295 New Vicarage House, Hayling South .... . 296 Old Vicarage House ....... , 297 Hayling North Chapel, &c, , 302 Manor House .,.,.,,, , 307 Loup Vert . . 330 ERRATA. Page 119, for individuals have, read has. 121, for entrenchment, read intrenchment. 136, for and to keepe, read keep. 137, /or customary tenement, r&ad tenements. 191, for 6 Edw. 2, 1451, 6 jgdw. 6, 1551. 223, for Histoire de I'Abbay, read I'Abbaye. 299, for others fleur, read fleurs. 307, for with fleur, read fleurs. Copy, Charter of Liberties, MARY by the Grace of God of England France and Ireland Queen Defender ofthe Faith To All to whom these present Letters shall come Greeting Know Ye that We in Consideration of y^ faith ful Service which Our trusty and well beloved Cousin and Counsellor Henry Earl of Arundel one of Our privy Council hath done us this last Civil War against the late Traitor Sir John Dudley Knight and for other Causes and Considerations of Our especial Grace cer tain Knowledge and mere Motion Have granted and Do by these presents for Us Our Heir and Successors grant to him y^ said Earl and his Heirs That they may for ever have and hold The Return of All Writs Precepts Mandates and Bills of Us Our Heirs and Successors And also of the Summonses Estreats and Precepts of the Exchequer of Us Our Heirs and Successors And of the Estreats and Precepts of the Justices in Eyre of Us Our Heirs and Successors as well for Pleas of the Crown Common Pleas and Pleas of the Forest as of others the Justices whomsoever Of the Attain ments as weU of a Plea of y° Crown as of others within the Hun dreds of him ye said Earl of Westburne Singelton Eseburne Box Stokebrugge Avesforde-' Westsewrithe and Poling in Our County of Sussex And in all and singular j° Lordships Manors Lands Tene ments Possessions Hundreds and. Fees of him y" said Earl in Our County of Salop and in the Marches of Wales And also in his Hundred of Purslo in y° same County of Salop And in his Lordships and Manors of Aulton and HaUinge in the County of Southampton And also in his Hundreds of Aulton and Prede- bruge in the same County of Southampton And also that they y° said Earl and his Heirs may have and hold a Court of his Borough of Arundel in y^ aforesaid County of Sussex And all things which to y° same Court now do and hereafter shall belong And shall and may of themselves and their Bailiffs for Ever hold that they y' said Earl and his Heirs the Sheriff's Turn of y° aforesaid County of Sussex of the aforesaid Hun dreds of Westburne Singelton Eseburne Box Stokkebrugge Aves forde ^ Westsewri the and Poling aforesaid being within his afore said Liberty of Arundel And of the Hundreds of Dempforde Mane- wood and Boseham in y' same county of Sussex being out of the aforesaid Liberty in like manner as the Sheriffs of the aforesaid County of Sussex have been accustomed to hold the Turn there And also that they the said Earl and his Heirs may yearly have and perceive all and all manner of Money for the Sheriff's Aid within ' Perhaps Anesforde, * Perhaps Anesforde. 1 2 APPENDIX, the aforesaid Hundreds of Westburne Singelton Eseburne Box Stokkebrugge Avesforde Westeswrithe and Poling And within the Court aforesaid And all other Things which to y^ aforesaid Sheriff's Turn now do and hereafter shall belong And that they y' said Earl and his Heirs raay by themselves their Bailiffs and Ministers have in y'' aforesaid Lordships Manors Lands tenements Possessions Fees Hundreds and Courts aforesaid The execution and executions of what sort soever of the aforesaid Writs Precepts Mandates Bills Summonses and Estreats and of every of them and all other Things whatsoever which to the office of Sheriff within y"^ Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Fees Hundreds and Courts aforesaid do and hereafter shall belong So as that no Sheriff Bailiff or other Minister of Us Our Heirs or Successors may enter into y' Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Fees Hundreds and Courts aforesaid or any of them or any Parcel thereof to make or execute Distresses and Attachments or Executions of the Writs Precepts Mandates Bills Summonses and Estreats aforesaid or of any of them Nor on Account of any Office or any Thing touching their office Nor may in anywise interfere therein Unless for Default of the aforesaid Earl and bis Heirs and of their Ministers Yielding nevertheless to LTs Our Heirs and Successors annually at y^ Exche quer of Us Our Heirs and Successors for the aforesaid Ueturn of Writs and other the Premises within the aforesaid Plundreds of Westburne Singelton Eseburne Box Stokkebrugge Avesforde^ West sewrithe and Poling And the aforesaid Court of his aforesaid Borough of Arundel aforesaid sixty and sixteen shillings and eight pence And for the aforesaid Sheriff's Turn of the aforesaid Hundreds of Dempforde Manewode and Boseham aforesaid for the Amercia ments thereof forth-coming within y" same three Hundreds forty- pence pel Annum at y" customary Terms in like manner as y" aforesaid Earl of Arundel hath paid and been accustomed to pay forthe same severally in Tim£s past Saving to Us Our Heirs and Successors All other Profits as well casual as others arising in y" said Hundreds of Dempforde Manewoode and Boseham aforesaid Amerciaments And that y^ aforesaid Earl of Arundel and his Heirs may for Ever have and perceive All and singular such Profits as are called Mises * and other the Profits whatsoever of their Tenants in the aforesaid County of Salop and in the Marches of Wales which he y" said Earl and his Ancestors have in Times past had or been accustomed to have at y' first Success and entry into 'their Lands before the making of a certain Act set forth in the Session of Par liament holden by Prorogation at Westminster on y° 4th Day of February in the 27th year of y" Reign of Our late most dear Father and there continued and holden to and until y" 14th Day of April then next ensuing concerning the administering of Laws and Justice in Wales And that they y' said Earl and his Heirs may have hold and keep '¦' Perhaps Anesforde. ¦• Tlie Word Mises has various significations, one of which is (and will apply here) a Customary Present given by the Welch to every uew Prince of Wales. APPENDIX. S within the Precinct of their said Lordships in y^ said County of Salop and in the Marches of Wales^ Courts Baron Lefts and Views of Frankpledge And all and singular Things to the same Court appertaining And that they may have within the same Lord ships and Views of Frankpledge Wayfe Shayfe Infanthef ^ Outfan- theF Treasure-trove Deodands Goods and Chattels of Felons and of Persons condemned or outlawed for Felony or Murther or of those put in Exigent for Felony or Murther And also Wreck of the Sea Wharfage and Customs of Aliens in ye same Manor as he the said Earl and his ancestors have had in Times past before the making of the Act aforesaid The aforesaid Act or any Thing in ye same Act contained notwithstanding We have also granted and Do by these Presents for Us Our Heirs and Successors grant to y' before nained Earl aud his Heirs That they may for Ever have All and all manner of Fines for Trespasses Contempts and other Offences whatsoever And Fines for Licence of Agreement Amerciaments and All Redemptions Issues and Penalties forfeited and to be from henceforth forfeited and All Forfeitures^ whatsoever Year ^ Day and Waste and Strip And all Things that to Us Our Heirs and Successors might belong concerning such Year Day Waste and Strip as well of all their Men as all their Tenants Entire -Tenants and hot Entire -Tenants Residents and Non- Residents and other Residents whomsoever of and in All y° Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Fees Hun dreds and Hereditaments whatsoever of y° aforesaid Earl and his Heirs Although they y° same Men Tenants or Residents be the Tenants or Ministers of Us or of Our Heirs or Successors in what Courts soever of Us Our Heirs and Successors it shall happen that such Men or Tenants Residents and Non-Residents and- other Residents shall be adjudged to be fined and amerced forfeit Issues and Penalties and Year Day and Waste and Strip and such like Forfeitures as well before Us Our Heirs and Suc cessors and before Us Our Heirs and Successors in the Chancery of Us Our Heirs and Successors and before y" Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer of Us Our Heirs and Successors And before y° Barons of the Exchequer of Us Our Heirs and Successors ' I have translated all these Words in the plural number though they are not ter minated in y' Latin Exemplification of course they ascertain not whether the words apply to the singular or plural number. I suppos'd the Grant might mean a Court in each Lordship. ^ Infaidhef is a Privilege granted to Lords of Certain Manors to judge any Thief taken within their Pee. ? Outfanthef, a Privilege whereby a Lord can call any Man dwelling within his own I'ee, and taken for Felony in any other place and to judge him in his owu Court. s Tear, Day, Waste, and Strip " Tear, Daij, and tVaste" is a part of the King's Prerogative whereby he challengeth the Profits of their Lands and Tenements for a Year and a Day who are attainted of petit Treason orPelony, whoever is Lord of yi= Manor whereto y'= Lands or Tenements belong ; and he may in y'' end waste- y" Tenements, &e.. Unless the Lord of the Pee agree with him for Bedemption of such Waste Strip is ye Eight of y'= King to take Wood, &c., from oiF the premises during the Year aud Day. 4 APPENDIX, And also before the Justices of the Bench of Us Our Heirs and Suc cessors And before y"^ Coroner or Coroners of Us Our Heirs and Successors And before y' Steward and Marshal and Clerk of the Market of the Household of Us Our Heirs and Successors for the Time being or any or either of them and in other y" Courts of Us Our Heirs and Successors whatsoever as before y' Justices in Eyre for Pleas of the Crown Common Pleas and Pleas of the Forest the Justices for taking the Assizes and Goal-Delivery or the Justices assigned to bear and determine Trespasses and Felonies and other y'= Justices of Us Our Heirs and Successors as well in the Presence as in the Absence of Us Our Heirs and Successors Which Fines Amerciaments Redemptions Issues and Penalties Year Day Waste Strip and Forfeitures would have belonged to Us Our Heirs and Successors if they had not been granted to the before-named Earl and his aforesaid Heirs So as that they y' said Earl and his Heirs may by themselves or by their Bailiffs and Ministers for Ever levy perceive and have All and singular the aforesaid Fines Amerciaments Redemptions Issues Penalties aud Forfeitures and each of them as well of such Men as of such Tenants Entire-Tenants and not Entire-Tenants Residents and Non-Residents and of other Residents whomsoever and of each of them and all Things which to Us Our Heirs and Successors could belong concerning Year Day and Waste or Strip aforesaid without the Interruption or Impeachment of Us Our Heirs or Successors the Justices Escheators Sheriffs Coroners Bailiffs or other ye Officers or Ministers of Us or of Our Heirs or Successors whom soever Althouoh the same Men or Tenants Entire-Tenants and not Entire-Tenants Residents and Non-Residents and other Resi dents are or shall be the Officers or Ministers of Us Our Heirs and Successors or could elsewhere have in anywise held of Us Our Heirs or Successors or of others We have also granted and by these Presents Do for Us Our Heirs and Successors grant to y" aforesaid Earl of Arundel and his Heirs that they may for Ever bave the Chattels as well of their Men as of all their Tenants Entire-Tenants and not Entire-Tenants Residents and Nou- Residents and of other Residents whomsoever of and in All and singular their Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Hundreds Liberties Franchises Possessions and Hereditaments whatsoever of Heretics Lollards of Traitors as well for high as for petit Treason^ of Murtherers Felons Fugitives Outlaws condemned attainted and convicted persons and of those put in Exigent and of every of them Although they the same Men Tenants and Residents shall be the Tenants Ministers or Officers of Us Our Heirs or Successors So as that if any of the Men or Tenants Residents and Non-Residents and other such Residents for any his Offence or Mis-Deed what soever of what Kind Nature or Sort soever it shall be ought to lose Life or Limb or shall fly and will not abide Judgment or shall commit any other crime whatsoever for which he ought to lose his ^ " Proditorum, (am majorum quam minorum.'' APPENDIX, 5 Goods and Chattels in what place soever Justice ought to be done upon him whether in y* Court of Us Our Heirs or Successors or in any Court whatsoever All and singular the same Goods and Chattels may be the aforesaid Earl's and his Heirs And that they y* said Earl and his Heirs may have the Chattels of Felons con demned or convicted for what Reason soever of Felons of them selves of Fugitives the Escapes of Felons and the Fines whatsoever for the same Escapes in any of the Courts whatsoever of Us Our Heirs and Successors as well before Us Our Heirs and Successors as others the Justices Judges and Ministers of Us Our Heirs and Successors whomsoever or any them to be assessed or made And ALSO the Chattels of any person soever put in Exigent for Felony And also the Chattels of Fugitives Outlaws and condemned Per sons whomsoever and the Chattels of what Sort soever confiscated as well of their Men as of all their Tenants Entire-Tenants Residents and Non-Residents and of other Residents whomsoever within all and singular their Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions and Hereditaments whatsoever Although the said Tenants are not Entire-Tenants of him y^ said Earl and of his Heirs Or they the same Tenants or the said Men or the said Residents or any of them may be the Tenants Officers or Ministers of Us ^ our Heirs or Successors And that those Goods and Chattels be y' aforesaid Earl's and his Heirs And that it be lawful for the aforesaid Earl and his Heirs or their Ministers without the Hindrance of Us Our Heirs or Successors the Justices Escheators Sheriffs Coroners or of others the Bailiffs or Ministers of Us Our Heirs or Successors whomsover to seize All and singular the Goods and Chattels aforesaid and to take seize and retain them all To the Use and Behoof of him ¦ye said Earl and his Heirs Although the same Goods and Chattels may have been before seized by Us or the Ministers of Us Our Heirs or Succes.iors We have also granted and Do by these Presents for Us and^" Our Heirs grant to the aforesaid Earl of Arundel and his Heirs That they shall and may for Ever have and hold View of Frank pledge 11 and whatsoever doth to such Views ^^ belong or appertain or which to Views of Frankpledge ^^ may hereafter belong And that they may have All the Goods and Chattels which are called Wayff or Strey Deodands Treasure -trove and other Things and Chattels formed of and in All and singular the Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Hundreds Liberties Franchises and Hereditaments whatsoever of him y° said Earl and his Heirs And the Goods and Chattels called Manouvres^^ taken or to be taken with any Person disavowed ^^ by such Person in any Place soever within y' 'Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Hun dreds Liberties Franchises Hereditaments aforesaid before any ' This Word is not in the Exemplification ; supposed to be a mistake of the Clerk, '" This Word ia not in the Exemplification, " See note_^«e in page 3, '- These were Goods taken in y^ hands of an apprehended Thief. '^ Tliat is, who could not justify how they were come by. 6 APPENDIX. Judge whomsoever And that ye aforesaid Earl and his Heirs may for Ever have all Deodands within their Lorships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Hundreds Liberties Franchises and Here ditaments ivhatsoever And also the Wreck of the Sea in any wise happening in any of the Coasts and Arms of the Sea adjoining to the aforesaid Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Hundreds Liberties Franchises and Hereditaments And all Things which to such Wrecks of the Sea and Deodands in ye same Lord ships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Hundreds Liberties Franchises and Hereditaments do belong And that such Goods and Chattels called Wayfe Str aye Treasure-trove and other Things and Chattels found Goods and Chattels called Manouvres^^ Deo dands and Wreck of the Sea and all Things which to such Deodands and Wreck of the Sea do belong be for Ever the aforesaid Earl's and his Heirs And that it may be lawful for them by themselves or by their Bailiffs or Ministers to seize and possess themselves of All and singular the aforesaid Goods and Chattels which are called Wayfe and Straye Treasure-trove and other Things or Chattels found Goods and Chattels called Manouvres i"* Deodands and Wreck of the Sea and of all Things to such Deodands and Wreck of the Sea belonging as often as and when they shall happen And all and singular the same to seize and take And ye same to retain To ye Use and Behoof of him ye said now Earl his Heirs and Successors without ye Disturbance Molestation or^^ Hindrance of Us Our Heirs or Successors the Justices Escheators Sheriffs Coroners or others ye Bailiffs of Us Our Heirs or Successors or of other Persons whomsoever Although the same may have been seized by Us Our Heirs or Successors or any the Bailiffs Officers or Ministers of Us Our Heirs or Successors And further We have granted and by these Presents for Us Our Heirs and Successors do grant to the before named Earl and his Heirs That they may by their proper Stewards and Bailiffs in all and singular their Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Hundreds Liberties Fran chises and Hereditaments have and make the Assay and Assize of Bread Wine and Beer and of all sorts of other Victuals Weights and Measures whatsoever and of all other Things which now do or hereafter may belong to y" Office of Clerk of the Market of the Houshold of Us Our Heirs or Successors with y"" Punishment thereof And to do and exercise whatever now doth or hereafter may belong to that Office as often as and whensoever it shall be needful and necessary As fully as tbe same Clerk of the Market of the Houshold of Us Our Heirs or Successors should or ought to do in the presence of Us Our Heirs or Successors if this present Grant was not made to the aforesaid Earl and his Heirs And that they y' said Earl and his Heirs may have all manner of Amerciaments Fines and other Profits thence-coming to be taken and levyed by them and their Ministers without y' Impeachment of Us Our Heirs or Successors the Clerk of the Market or others the Ministers of " See note twelve in page 5. '" This Word is not iu the Exemplification. APPENDIX, 7 Us Our Heirs or Successors whomsoever So as that y' aforesaid Clerk of y' Market of y" Houshold of Us Our Heirs or Successors may not enter the aforesaid Lordships Manors Lands Tenements Possessions Hundreds Liberties Franchises or Hereditaments to do or exercise any Thing therein that now doth or hereafter shall in anywise belong to his Office And further We have granted and by these presents for Us Our Heirs and Successors Do grant to ye aforesaid Earl of Arundel and his Heirs that they may for ever have Free Warren in all their Lordships and Manors and in all and singular their Demesne Lands wheresoever they shall be And also Free Chace in All their Lordships and Woods Altho' ye same Lordships Manors Demesne Lands and Woods are or shall be within ye Metes of the Forests^^ af Us Our Heirs and Successors So as that no Justice of ye Forest Forester Officer or Minister of Us Our Heirs or Successors Nor any other Person may enter those Manors Lordships Lands or Woods to chace ^'^ or to take any Thing therein which to Warren or Chace doth belong Or to do^^ any Thing that to. ye Office of Justice of the Forest or to ye Office of Forester or of any other O-ficer or Minister of Us Our Heirs and Successors of the Forests or Chaces of Us Our Heirs or Successors in anywise now doth or shall appertain without the. Licence of the aforesaid Earl and his Heirs And further We being wiUing to give more ample Security of the Grants Liberties Franchises and Immunities aforesaid in form aforesaid by Us granted to him ye said Earl and his heirs for the Reasons aforesaid And that they ye said Earl and his Heirs may be able in future the more quietly and securely to use and enjoy the aforesaid Grants Liberties Franchises Acquittances and Immunities of Our more abundant Grace certain Knowledge and mere Motion aforesaid Have for Us Our Heirs and Successors granted to him ye said Earl and his Heirs That altho' they or their Heirs shall from henceforth upon any Contingency not use or shall abuse any of the Grants lAberties Franchises Acquittances and^^ Immunities aforesaid to them at present by Us granted Yet shall it be lawful for him ye said Earl and his Heirs to use and enjoy from Time to Time afterwards, ye same Grants lAberties Franchises Acquittances and Immunities Wherefore We Will And do by these Presents for Us Our Heirs and Successors grant and command That ye aforesaid Earl and his Heirs may for ever have and hold All and singular the Gifts Grants lAberties Acquittances Franchises and Immunities aforesaid And that they may fully use and enjoy all and singular the same and every of them without the Impeach ment Hindrance Disturbance Molestation or Grievance of Us Our Heirs or Successors the Justices Escheators Sheriffs or others ye Bailiffs or Ministers of Us or Our Heirs or Successors whomsoever '6 In y'' plural Number in y« Exemplification, '? Fugandwm, which implys also to hunt. 1^ The Word jacere, or a Word of some such import, is wanting in the Exempli fication. '^ This Word is not in the Exemplification. 8 APPENDIX, And We Will and do for Us Our Heirs and Successors grant That upon ye Exhibiting and Shewing of these Letters Patent or of ye Inrolment thereof as well before Us in ye Chancery of us Our Heirs and Successors as before ye Justices of either Bench of Us Our Heirs and Successors and before ye Treasurer and Barons of ye Exchequer of Us Our Heirs and Successors And also before ye Justices and Commissioners of Us Our Heirs and Successors as well in all and singular ye Courts and Places of Record of Us Our Heirs and Successors as in all other Courts and Places whatsoever throughout Our whole Kingdom of England concerning any Thing or Things in ye same Our Letters Patent contained or specifyed The same Letters Patent and all the Grants therein be forthwith and imediately valid and allowed to the aforesaid Earl and his Heirs And that they ye said Treasurers and Barons Justices Commissioners and others whosoever to whom it appertains shall from Time to Time make and cause to be made due Allowance of and in All and singular the same Premises and that they ye said Earl and his Heirs and every of them be from Time to Time towards Us Our Heirs and Successors altogether discharged and do depart Quit of all and all manner of Charges and Demands required of them in any such Courts and places by the same Courts and Places contrary to the Gifts Grants Confirmations Liberties Franchises Privileges and Immunities aforesaid Any Variation Uncertainty Contrariety Repugnance Neglect Omission undue or untrue Recital of ye Names or Words Or any other Matter Cause or Thing whatsoever notwith standing Although express Mention be not made in these Presents of ye true yearly value or of any other Value or Certainty of the Premises or of any of them or of other Gifts or Grants heretofore made by Us or by any of Our Progenitors to ye before-named Henry Earl of Arundel Or any Statute Act Ordinance Proviso or Restriction made set forth ordained or provided Or any other Matter Cause or Thing whatsoever to ye Contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding In Testimony whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made patent Witness Ourself at Westminster the 27th Day of February in the first year of Our Reigu By the Queen herself and of the Date aforesaid By Authority of Parliament. Inrolled. Indorsed thus: — This Charter is inrolled before the Lady the Queen at West minster of Record in the Term of St. Hilary in the 33nd year of the Reign of the Lady Ebzabetb now Queen of England among the Pleas of the Queen — Roll 3, Translated from the Original ExempUfication under Seal y" 18 March 1784, JOHN FURMAN, Stationer, Inner Temple Lane. MANOR ROYALTY AND FREE WARREN OF HAYLING, IN THE COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, Copy. Charter of Free Warren, Among the Records deposited in the Public Record Office, London, to wit: Patent Rolls, 14, James 1st, part 25, No. 4, it is thus contained: — Of a Grant to -j THE KING, to all to whom, &c., Greeting, Thomas Earl of l Know ye that we, as well for and in consideration Arundel, to him « ,•¦ « , . i -n- /• i f i and his heirs -^ ^^'^ twenty shillings ot lawful money of England, at the receipt of our Exchequer at Westminster, well and faithfully paid to our use by our beloved and faithful subject and cousin Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Knight of the Illustrious Order of the Garter, and one of our Privy Council, whereof we confess ourselves to be fully satisfied and paid, and the same Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs, executors, and administrators, to be thereof acquitted and dis charged for ever by these presents as for divers other good causes and considerations us hereunto specially moving : Of our special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, will and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do grant to the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs and assigns, that he, his heirs and assigns, and every of them for ever, have free warren in their baronies, lordships, and manors of Greystock and Brough-upon-the-Sands, and in every of them, with all their rights, members, and appurtenances in our county of Cumberland, and in their manor or lordship of Rowcliff, otherwise Rocliff, with all its rights, members, and appurtenances in our said county of Cumber land, and in all other their lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, underwoods, woodlands, wastes, furze, heaths, marshes, commons, and hereditaments in the baronies, manors, lordships, hamlets, vills, parishes, and places of Graystock, Brough- upon-the-Sands, and Rowcliff, otherwise Rocliff, and in each and every of them in our said county of Cumberland : And also iu their manors or lordships of Doufton, Hoffe, and Drybeck, and in every 3 10 APPENDIX, of them, with all their rights, members, and appurtenances' in our said county of Westmoreland, and in all other lands, tenements, meadows, pastures, woods, underwoods, woodlands, wastes, furze, heaths, marshes, commons, and hereditaments of the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, in the manors, lordships, vills, parishes, hamlets, and places of Doufton, Hoff, and Drybeck afore said, and in each and every of them, in our said county of West moreland : And also free warren in their manors or lordships of Keninghall, Lopham, Wynfarthing, Heywood, Halwick in Thetford, Croxt on Santon, Shelfhanger, Faresfield, Boyland, Lancasters, Banham, Hockam in Banham, Garboldsham, Pakenbams in Gar- boldsham. Little Framlingham, otherwise Earls Framlingham, Ditchingham, Siseland, Loddon, Garsham, Harlston, Forrencett, Acle, Harvergate, South Walsham, Suffield, Hanworth, Shering- bam. Wells near the Sea, Castle, North Wotton, and Roydon, with all their rights, members, and appurtenances in our county of Norfolk, and in all other lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, woodlands, underwoods, wastes, coiqmons, furze, heaths, moors, marshes, and hereditaments of the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, in the manors, lordships, hamlets, places, parishes, vills, and hundreds of Kenninghall, Lopham, Wynfarthing, Heywood, Halwick in Thetford, Croxt on Santon, Shelfhanger, Faresfield, Boyland, Lancasters, Banham, Hockham in Banham, Garboldsham, Pakenham in Garboldsham, Little Fram lingham, otherwise Earls Framlingham, Ditchingham, Siseland, Loddon, Garsham, Harleston, Forencett, Acle, Halvergate, South Walsham, Suffield, Hanworth, Sheringham, Wells, Castie Rysing, North Wotton, Rydon, Guilcross, Lamdich, Southgrenehoe, Free- bridge, Gallowe, Brothercrosse, and Smethdon, and in any and every of them in our said county of Norfolk : And also free warren in their manors or lordships of Bungay, Bungay Soke, Priorie Westwick, Channons, Downham, Merces, and Rushforth, and in any and every of them in our county of Suffolk, and in all other their lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, under woods, woodlands, furze, heaths, marshes, wastes, commons, and hereditaments in the manors, lordships, vills, parishes, hamlets, and places of Bungay, Bungay Soke, Priorie, Westwick, Channons, Downham, Merces, and Rushforth, and in any and every of them in our said county of Suffolk : And also free warren in their manor or lordship of Glossop, otherwise Glossopdale, with all its rights, members, and appurtenances in our county of Derby, and in all their lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, under woods, woodlands, furze, heath, marshes, wastes, commons, and APPENDIX, ] 1 hereditaments in Glossop, otherwise Glossopdale aforesaid, in our said county of Derby : And also free warren in their manors or lordships of Idsall with Shiffenhall, Wrockwardine, othertvise Rockwardj Chesevardine, Tasley, Sutton, Maddock, Corpham, Wenne, Loppington, and Hinstock, and in any and every of them in our county of Salop, and in all other lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, underwoods, woodlands, wastes, furze, heaths, marshes, commons, and hereditaments of the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, in the manors, lordships, vills, parishes, hamlets, fields, and places of Idsall, with Shiffenhall, Wrockwardine, otherwise Rockwardine, Cheswardine, Tasley, Sutton, Maddock, Corpham, Wemm, Loppington, Hinstock Wick, Priors, Lee Woodhouses, Drayton, Haughton, Stanton, Upton, Lysiat, Snellsell, Burlangton, Ashton, Layes, Diddlebury, Lifton, Culmington, and Quicksall, and in any and every of them in our county of Salop, And also free warren in their manors or lord ships of Arundel, Off ham. Bury, Shellinglye, Wespham, Warming- camp, Little Hampton, Seeding, Almadington, and Preston, with all their rights, members, and appurtenances, in our county of Sussex, and all other the lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pas tures, woods, underwoods, woodlands, wastes, furze, heaths, marshes, commons, and hereditaments, ofthe aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, in the manors, lordships, vUls, parishes, hamlets, and places of Arundel, Offham, Bury, Shellingley, Wepham, Warming- camp, Little Hampton, Beeding, Almardington, Preston, Medhome Park, Langhurst, Blackbrooke, Tamefold, Elmsdene, and Cudlowe, and in any and every of them in our said county of Sussex, And also free warren in their manor or lordship of Wiboston in all their lands and tenements in Wiboston aforesaid, in our said county of Bedford, And also free warren in their manors or lordships of DowdikehaU, in Sutterton and Digby, with all their rights, members, and appurtenances in our county of Lincoln, and in all their lands and tenements in DowdikehaU, in Sutterton and Digby, and in either or any of them in our said county of Lincoln, '^VCQ SlSO free warren within their island called Haylinge, and in all the lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, woodlands, wastes, furze, heaths, marshes, commons, and hereditaments, of the afore said Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, within the island afore said, in our county of Southampton, being or not being parcel of our Duchy of Lancaster, any statute, act, ordinance, custom, law, or provision, to the contrary thereof, in anywise notwithstanding. And notwithstanding that our writs or writ of ad quod dampnum or quo warranto, or any other writ, therefore, heretofore, had or 12 APPENDIX. prosecuted, to be had or prosecuted, have or hath not first issued before the sealing of these our Letters Patent. Further, we give, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, of our more abundant special grace, and of our certain knowledge and mere motion do grant to the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs and assigns, from time to time, for ever in aU and singular, the said baronies, manors, and lordships, and in any and every of them, and in all and singular their lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, wastes, furze, heaths, marshes, and hereditaments aforesaid, and in any part thereof fuU free and entire licence, power, and authority, from time to time, as and whensoever he, his heirs, or assigns shall please of reducing either, or any parcel thereof, into severality, and making park and parks, warren and warrens thereof, and of hedging and enclosing the same with ditches, hedges, walls, pales, or in any manner as a park or parks, warren or warrens and in the same park or in the same parks, warren, and warrens, and any and every of them so made and enclosed, to be made and enclosed, to have hold and enjoy the rights franchises, prerogatives, liberties, properties, and benefit of park, or free warren, in the same and any and every of them : Further we give, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do grant to the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs, and assigns, full free and entire liberty, bcence, power, and authority, from time to time, to stock, fill, have, and keep all and singular the aforesaid baronies, manors, lordships, lands, tenements, wastes, commons, furze, heaths, marshes, and hereditaments, or any part or parcel of any or either of the same, as weU enclosed as not enclosed with stags, deer, hares, rabbits, pheasants, partridges, wild ducks, and other beasts and birds of whatever kind in a wild state at the will and pleasure of the same Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs, and assigns for ever : And also that he, the afore said Thomas Earl of Arundel aud Surrey, his heirs, and assigns, may, and may be able to have, hold, and enjoy, in the same baronies, manors, lordships, and in any and every of them, and the lands tenements, wastes, commons, furze, heaths, moors, and heredita ments [aforesaid], the liberties, rights, privileges, properties, and benefit of park and parks, and free warren and warrens henceforth for ever : Also we give, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, do grant, order, and command, that the aforesaid Thomas, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs, and assigns, may freely' lawfully, well and quietly have, and hold, use, and enjoy, and hence forth for ever may, and may be able to have, hold, use, and enjoy, the aforesaid baronies, manors, lordships, lands, teuemeuts, meadows' APPENDIX. '^¦" 13 feedings, pastures, woods, wastes, commons, and hereditaments aforesaid, and every or any parcel thereof, park and parks, warren and warrens, together with all and singular bberties, privileges, rights, and commodities which to such park and free warren, or either of them appertain, or may appertain, in anywise howsoever : And if it shall happen that the aforesaid baronies, manors, lordships, parks, warrens, lands, tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, woods, wastes, commons, and hereditaments, or any of them, or any parcel thereof, be within the metes and bounds of any our forests, parks or chase, or be to the prejudice of any of our liberties in the same, or be to the prejudice of any persons within any our manors, or that any one of our subjects having common in any such our manor be from the same common altogether excluded, then as to such parts or parcels thereof which are so within the metes and bounds of our forests, parks, or chases, or whereby any one of our subjects having common in any such our manor, may be from the same common altogether excluded, this our grant shall be void and of no force, as to that only ; but as to the residue of the premises which are not within the metes and bounds of our forests, parks, or chases, nor whereby any one of our subjects having common in any such our manor, may be from the same common excluded : We will that this our grant shall stand and remain in full force and virtue, any thing in these presents to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding : MOREOVER we will, and by these presents for us, ouj* heirs and successors, do grant, order and command that no one enter, or presume to enter the park or parks, free warren or free warrens aforesaid, or either or any of them, to pursue, hunt, hawk, chase, torment, or in anywise disturb or take anything there which to such park or parks, warren or warrens appertain, or ought or might appertain, nor to do or commit- anything in the same park or parks, warren or warrens, which may or might be to the loss, hurt, or prejudice of the park or parks, warren or warrens aforesaid, or the liberties, rights, or privileges of the same park or parks, warren or warrens, or either of them, without the will and bcence of the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, or the heirs or assigns of the same Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, under the pain in the statutes and ordinance of this our Kingdom of England for conserving and keeping parks and free warrens passed and provided j and also under the pain of forfeiture to us of Ten Pounds of lawful money of England to the use of the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs and assigns, in the name of us, our heirs and successors, to be levied, recovered and received by the hands of the 14 APPENDIX. sheriffs of the several counties aforesaid severally and respectively for the time being, so often as any such pain or pains shall happen to be forfeited, and by the same sheriffs of the several counties aforesaid severally and respectively for the time being, to be paid and delivered to the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, his heirs and assigns. Wherefore, we will and by tbese presents grant, order, and for us, our heirs and successors, command the sheriffs of the several counties aforesaid severally and respectively for the time being, that when and so often as any such pain or pains hereafter may or shall be lost or forfeited by any person or persons, tbe same sheriffs of the several counties aforesaid respectively for the time being, immediately after the collection or levying of the same forfeiture, shall pay or cause to be paid the same Ten Pounds, or any other pain so recovered from time to time, to the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, bis heirs and assigns. And tbese our Letters Patent, or an enrolment of the same, shall be from time to time a sufficient warrant and discharge to the aforesaid sheriffs of the several counties aforesaid severally and respectively for the time being in this behalf, against us, our heirs and suc cessors, as well as in the Exchequer of us, our heirs and successors, as in all other the courts of us, our heirs and successors whatsoever, upon the sole shewing forth of these our Letters Patent, or an enrolment of the same, without any other writ or warrant in this behalf, to be sued forth, obtained or prosecuted from us, our heirs or successors, in anywise howsoever. And we will by these presents grant to the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, that he may have, and shall have these our Letters Patent, in due manner made and sealed, as well under our Great Seal of England as under the seal of our Duchy of Lancaster, without fine in the hanaper, &c. Although express mention, &c. In testimony, whereof, &c! Witness, the King at Westminster, the 7tb day of March, BY WARRANT OF THE COMMISSIONERS, THE SMUGGLERS. a tale. At tbe commencement of the latter half of the last century, and immediately after Byng's unhappy failure off Minorca, Ralph Rogers and Peter Crasler, two young men, natives of Hayling Island, once more visited this peaceful spot in the fond expectation of finding their much loved and never-forgotten home, after having passed many an eventful year, and experienced many a hardship together, as seamen, on board one of His Majesty's ships, then just returned from a foreign station. A singular fatality attended them both. Parents and near kindred were all gone; the unsparing band of death had swept them all away, some in the fulness of age, and others in the greenness of youth ; and their home — that only solace in the hour of toil and peril, the endearing remembrance of which had been unction to their wearied and troubled spirits whilst bending beneath the lash of the task-master and the frown of des potism — ^^was in tbe hands of strangers, and refused them a shelter. Such of their more distant kindred as survived, looked upon them with eyes of suspicion, and disowned consanguinity. None would entertain the remotest recollection of them, save one innocent maiden, who, previous to Ralph's departure, had, in modest sim- ¦ plicity, plighted her troth with him. To the dwelling of Jane Pitt, therefore, Ralph's steps instinctively wandered; and from her kindness, and from the frank and hearty welcome of her parents, his generous heart soon learned to forget its grievous disappoint ment, and to infuse some portion of its altered feeling into that of his brother adventurer. At this time smuggling was carried on to an immense height on the southem shores of Britain : large gangs of daring and outrageous characters violated the laws at mid-day, and set the constituted authorities for its suppression at defiance. It was no uncommon occurrence for the " gauger " and his military assistants to be dragged from their posts, and, under horrible threats of prompt and fearful vengeance, compelled to assist in performing that which they were employed to prevent. Government, too, weakened by the distractions of its counsels, and the struggles of party, had lost the energy requisite to cope with these depredators on its resources ; 16 APPENDIX. and instead of pursuing the prompt and decisive measures which the crisis required, depended mostly upon the aid of informers, secretly hired and paid, who were either the very lowest assistants to the illicit trader, or men who had been actively employed in more prominent situations, but whose notorious deficiency of " honesty among thieves," had rendered them outcasts even from their former associates. Little good, however, resulted from this measure, for the information obtained from these impure sources was often found not only to be erroneous, but tbe very reverse of the actual fact: after various weak devices, therefore, which strengthened rather than remedied the evil, the expedient was adopted of offering the smuggler an amnesty for past aggression, if he entered within a given period, as a common seaman, into tbe naval service.* Hayling Island, from its proximity to that hot-bed of iUegal traffic, the Isle of Wight, has ever been found a convenient receptacle for contraband articles, and, at tbe period of which we are speaking, formed the depot from whence they were distributed through all the eastern part of Hampshire and western portion of Sussex, It is not therefore to be wondered at, that Ralph and Peter should, in the absence of more honest means of gaining a livelihood, look to this employment as most suitable to their tempers, soured as they were by bitter disappointment, and con genial to their acquired habits of hardihood. It moreover presented to their perverted ideas, an opportunity, as they thought, of retaliating upon the government, for the hardships and severities they had endured in its service ; for they had both been impressed into it, and had served under a severe disciplinarian. After remain ing, therefore, a few days with Goodman Pitt, they joined one of the most numerous and daring gangs of smugglers on the coast, and shortly afterwards found themselves in a comfortable, though rather awkwark berth on board the Susan, commanded by the notorious Will Watch. This man, wbo, for a series of years was one of the most successful smugglers ever known, after pursuing a career unprecedented in the annals of bis vocation, eventually fell in an engagement with one of His Majesty's Sloops of war off the back of the Isle of Wight, His reaj name was Gill Brown, and bis memory has been kept alive, and will long remain so, by an * Smollet, in his continuation of Hume, highly praises this measure, though, in the same chapter, he acknowledges that the condition of English seamen at that period presented anything but an incentive to exchange liberty and unbounded freedom of action, for virtual imprisonment, and strict discipline. Indeed the offer was only accepted by the actual outlaw ; to others, it betrayed a weakness of which they did not fail to take advantage. APPENDIX. 17 excellent and well-known song, composed in commemoration of his fate. His ship, the Susan, which was named after his sweetheart, Susan Guy, of Leigh, near Havant, carried eighteen brass guns, was amply manned by a crew of desperate outlaws, and altogether admirably adapted for the employment in which she was engaged : she was the fastest sailer then known, and this circumstance, joined to Will's perfect knowledge of the Dutch and Engbsh coasts, bad rendered him an object of intense anxiety to every British commander iu the Engbsh seas, WiU, however, by address and stratagem worthy of a better cause, contrived for years to elude the vigilance of his foes ; and in all probability would for the time have escaped the doom that overtook him, bad not the sudden clearing- up of a fog shown him to be within short range shot of the ship that captured him. With this bold and hardy character, Ralph Rogers and Peter Crasler made several voyages ; and from his instruction and ample practice, became initiated into all the secrets and mysteries of smuggling. Whatever of repugnance they had entertained for depravity and vicious action ; whatever of reverence they had felt for moral and religious duties. Was completely annihilated whilst associating with WUl Watch and his outlawed companions. An almost continual state of intoxication, aided by the terrors they naturaUy felt of being, sooner or later, overtaken by the strong arm of justice, kept their minds in a fearful state of excitement, and rendered them desperate in the extreme, and ever ready to partici pate in deeds of danger and violence. At length, however, the image of Jane began to soften their artificial ferocity, and create better and more natural feelings in the breast of Ralph, On these occasions he would brood over the sad necessity which compelled him to remain separated from the only object that linked him to humanity, and pour forth bis thoughts into the ear of his old companion and friend, Peter, too, though not under the fascinating control of female witchery, found, after a time, a restlessness and impatience for which he could not account, and always lent a ready and wdUing attention to Ralph's complainings. Love, and the desire of change, at last prevailed ; the " Susan " was left to her fate ; and the Mends, with pockets well replenished by the gains she had made, ohce more visited the scenes of their infancy and the seat of their early home. Here a different reception, awaited them than what tbey had formerly experienced ; Goodman Pitt's favourable report of their good qualities, and the knowledge that they had been engaged in a calling which many of the inhabitants of the Island actively followed, produced a marked and sensible 3 18 APPENDIX. change in their favour ; and they now found a hearty and cheerful wel come, where, on tbe former occasion, tbey bad experienced nothing but harshness and rude incivility. Soon after their arrival, Ralph rewarded tbe affection of Jane Pitt; and Peter, more out of compliment to them than for any other reason, also "changed his condition," For a time all waa gaiety aud pleasure ; but when tbe novelty of Uving on shore had somewhat abated, and tbey began to feel the cares and wants attendant on thefr new situation, they found it necessary to look about them for employment. No great variety of choice awaited their decision ; and even if there had, the little ability tbey pos sessed would not bave allowed them to engage in any other than the one they had so lately foUowed, From necessity, therefore, more than choice, tbey once more resumed iUicit trading, and very soon became known to all the neighbourhood as confirmed and estabUshed smugglers. Success at first attended both their endeavours, but a twelvemonth bad scarcely elapsed before the fickleness of fortune became pain- fuUy apparent to poor Peter. Loss after loss followed close upon each other, and a few months convinced him that be was ruined beyond redemption. It was at this period that government discovered the inefficacy of her measures for the suppression of smuggling, and that her late offer of an amnesty to those smugglers who should enter into the naval service, had rather augmented the practice, than decreased it. As a last resource, therefore, the plan was adopted of offering a lai'ge reward and permanent employment, in a civil capacity, to such as should discover their lawless associates, and the means by which the system of smuggling was pursued with such unparalleled success, Peter Crasler found himself a husband and a father, with no means of fulfiUing these duties ; without resources for his present support, or hope for the future ; and incumbered by a heavy debt (incurred indeed for contraband articles, but which must be dis charged before he could proceed further in his career) from which he never could hope, by fair means, to extricate liimself. On the other hand, government bad offered him the opportunity of retrieving bis fortunes, a permanent and safe employment, and quick and efficient means of dischai-ging the debt which oppressed him. His situation was without hope and friendless, and the temptation strong, besides, he himself had no security against the treachery of his accomplices, and sui'ely, he thought, surrounded as he was by want and danger, there could be no barm in performing an act, which APPENDIX. 19 the law had made a duty, and his own distress a moral necessity. His decision was soon made, for his wants were powerful and pressing : his offer was as promptly accepted and immediate rebef granted, accompanied by instructions to make aU tbe observations be could, and to attend at the custom-house in London on a day named. His absence was soon observed by his companions, for suspicion ever attaches itself to the poor and unfortunate as well as to the guilty j and his wife, being boisterously and roughly urged by Ralph Rogers and other smugglers, acknowledged her husband's apostaey. Consternation seized them aU, for the knowledge Peter possessed forboded universal ruin, Ralph, in the bitterness of his rage, de nounced him a villain, and swore eternal enmity against him, and prompt revenge. He renewed these threatening expressions in his cooler moments, and from the uncontroUable passion he evinced at the mention of Peter's name, and the reserve and gloomy sUence he observed on other occasions, it was generally supposed that be meditated some signal act of vengeance. Poor Jane, who could in most matters soothe him into tameness and quietude, found her usual influence gone, and her endeavours to soften him met only by in creased rage and vows of animosity ; nothing daunted, however, by want of success, she resolved to renew her exertions upon every fitting occasion, and to keep a strict and guarded eye upon her husband's every action. When the panic which had seized the smugglers upon tbe news of Peter's defection had somewhat subsided, they began to take measures for counteracting the effects which were naturally to be expected from it. With this view they emptied aU the caverns on the south beach of the Island, and disposed of thefr commodities at as great a distance from home as safety would warrant. Having made everything secure, they suppressed thefr smuggling operations until the approaching storm was blown over, when they hoped to be enabled to resume them with greater safety. Two months had now elapsed since Peter Crasler had left the Island, and the last quarter of an October moon warned the smugglers that the time of year best adapted for their pursuits was rapidly passing away unattended by the usual advantages. Peter knew the use made of the season Ukewise, and suddenly, in the dusk of the evening, made his appearance in the Island, attended by six dragoons. After giving his party directions to proceed onwards, and wait his arrival at that part of the road in the south parish where the two branches leading from the beach first meet, be hastUy aud alone sought his home ; and in the embraces of his wife and chil 20 APPENDIX. derived a momentary and sincere debght. Tears, the constant companions of true affection, fell in copious streams from his eyes as he returned their caresses and thought of the character he bad assumed to protect them : he devoutly blessed them in tbe fulness of his overflowing heart, and promising a speedy return, left, tbem to join his companions ; not, however, before his wife bad informed him of the resentment of Ralph Rogers, and warned him to be careful of his presence. The arrival of Peter and his dragoons was quickly spread tbrougb tbe Island, and their advance southward construed into a design to examine the caverns, Jane Rogers was one of the first made ac quainted with this intelligence, and her mind became instantly oppressed by the most dreadful forebodings, Ralph had left home for Rowland's Castle, three miles to the north of Havant, early in the afternoon, and she began to hope that the sudden visit of Peter and the soldiers was unknown to him. She quickly, however, abandoned this hope when she thought how utterly impossible it was for such a body of men to advance through the heart of a smuggling country, with declared intentions of hostUity, without tidings of their presence being instantaneously communicated over every part of it. She resolved, therefore^ since she anticipated the most fatal consequences from a meeting between her husband and Peter, to do all in her power to prevent one ; and as she knew not where to find the former, she determined to seek the latter, and to invoke him by the remembrance of their former friendship, and the obligations he was under to her and her parents in the hour of his distress, to avoid the sight of his former friend and companion, but now implacable enemy. With this view, poor Jane left the infant which smiled at her breast to the care of a neighbour, and sought her silent and solitary way to the shore, where from the information she had received, she was taught to believe that Peter had already arrived. As her dweUing stood in the north-east part of the Island, and no part of her way lay near the road, she had no opportunity of either making inquiry for her husband, or extending her informa tion as to the advance of Peter and bis party. Impelled forward however, by her fears, she advanced at a rapid pace, and soon found herself at the caverns, the supposed object of search. Here all was silent, save when the hollow moaning of the night blast, and the sullen fury of the advancing wave, venting itself in surly murmurs on the shore, broke upon her attentive and listening ear. Should she remain, or proceed farther ? Whilst she hesitated in agonizing uncertainty, the advance of lights from the westward determined her to stay beside the cavern belonging to her husband untU their APPENDIX. 21 approach. There she stood, ber eyeballs stretched to watch their motions, her mind totally absorbed by their fitful glare, and dead to every other object around. Ralph Rogers bad returned from Rowland's Castle earlier than was expected, and was "homewards wending his weary way " when Peter Crasler and his party passed him at a brisk trot, on the road between Havant aud Langstone. Ralph soon guessed the purport of their visit, and, burning with revenge, internally vowed to wreak bis vengeance, at all hazard, upon the apostate Peter. Arrived at Langstone, he found that the tide had for a time interrupted their progress. Here be endeavoured to procure a gun, but not being successful, he took boat and reached the Island ; where, under pre tence of shooting wUd fowl (for the season was remarkably severe), be borrowed, at the first house he came to, a heavy mud-stock, a species of musket capable of doing great execution at a long distance, which he amply loaded with heavy slugs. He had been here but a very short time before the heavy trampling of horses warned him of the approach of his foes; having ascertained the way they were advancing, he exerted his speed, and kept before them until they baited, at the meeting of the branch roads, for the arrival of Peter, Here he could restrain bis impetuosity nb longer; veUing himself under the darkness of the evening, he boldly advanced up to the mounted body of men, with the fixed determination of shooting Peter upon the spot. Happily for the latter he had not yet arrived. The surprise and intensity displayed by Ralph on discovering his absence, awakened the suspicions of the serjeant of the party, who, observing bis agitated and threatening motions, and seeing him armed with a powerful and destructive engine, ordered two of his men to sieze and detain him. Ralph evaded the command, by clearing the adjoining hedge on the left, and escaping in the gloom over the neighbouring fields. He did not proceed, however, out of the sound of the horses, but after recovering himself from the sur prise he at first naturaUy felt, on being so near an arrest, cautiously retraced his steps, and still remaining under cover of the darkness, anxiously and silently awaited the future operations of his enemies. At this juncture the horsemen were joined by Peter, to whom, with an oath of admiration at Ralph's agUity, they carelessly men tioned his sudden and singular appearance as that of some mad smuggler. They now moved forward, taking the left-hand road, and soon arrived on the beach. As aU was darkness, and no object presented itself to guide them along the shore, they halted for a moment and procured a light, from materials provided for the purpose, which they communicated to two flambeaux, and then 22 APPENDIX, slowly and heavily advanced over tbe shingle in tbe south-east direction, Ralph, whose anger bad been considerably increased by the attempt made to arrest him, had dogged them from the first moment of their advance. Keeping within the fields to the left of the road, be was enabled distinctly to hear their conversation ; and having satisfied himself that Peter was now one of the party, and that thefr intention was to search the caverns, he diverged a little to the south-east and increased his speed, so as to arrive on the beach be fore them. Having cleared the last hedge, which divides the enclosures from the shore, he ran eastward, close besides the fields until he came paraUel to his own subterraneous recess. Here he paused to observe their ulterior motions. He saw the lights moving slowly in a compact body along the strand ; and his every faculty at once became overpowered with a keen and burning desire of vengeance. He advances to take them in flank, and sees the object of bis bitter revenge in advance, on foot, shrouded in the shades of night, near the mouth of his cavern, apparently pointing it out to his foUowers I Now is the moment of vengeance ! he can accom plish his purpose and escape pursuit ! FuU of tbese blood-thirsty emotions, he raised the deadly weapon to his shoulder, and, taking unerring aim, with savage joy, puUs the fatal trigger ! Ob, God — - a loud and teriffic shriek conveys to his horror-stricken and be wildered ear the dreadful truth — the life blood of poor Jane Rogers is poured out by the hands of her infuriated husband — and fraU mortality is once again taught the often repeated, and in this in • stance, fearful lesson, to beware of the influence of passion, and pause on the actions which its headlong impulses dictate; HAYLING ISLAND. AN ODE, TO WILLIAM PADWICK, ESQ. lokd op the manor. Ocean ! roll thy flood along. Gently rippling to the gale, WhUe, responsive to the song. Zephyrs murm'ring soft prevail ; And the harp's expressive thrUl Wakes each tuneful chord at wiU. Lovely isle ! bright gem of ocean ! As the waters round thee glide. How I love to trace the motion Of the never- slumb'ring tide ; Dash the bUlows now their spray. Now in whispers sink away. Glances hence, how pleas' d, the view In the soften'd ev'ning rays. To the lofty hills and blue. Which fair Vecta's coast displays. Long to fashion and tb wealth, Lov'd resort of ease and health. Tho^ far humbler rise thy beach. From the circUng wave's embrace And thy beauties may not reach AU the charms of that fam'd place StiU within the grateful line. Speak the claims so justly tbine. Softest sands the foot treads here, Gently sloping to the wave. Where, without a parent's fear. E'en the infant child may lave ; While the tide, like chrystal stream. Clear reflects each lucid beam. Would the eye, by land or sea. O'er the varied prospect rove ; Hourly glide along by thee, Scenes the patriot bosoms love, Britain's bulwarks — that proclaim To the world, ber matchless fame. 24 APPENDIX, Far and wide, from plain or height. Trace the bright horizon round. Richest landscapes here delight. With luxuriant harvests crown'd : While the tiUer's sun-burnt brow. Prompts the pray'r — " God speed the plough.' Here, by gen'rous care design'd, (What wiU not such care supply ?) Pleasures to engage the mind. And each taste to gratify ; Never may ungrateful strain Speak such care bestowed in vain. Structures ev'ry grace tha,t boast, Lo ! beside yon terrace green, Lengtb'ning rang'd along tbe coast. Rise, in splendour, on the scene ; Norfolk's, Staunton's, Padwick's shine Central, in the Crescent Une. Hither, fafr, wbo seek retreat When tbe sultry summers bum. From the town's oppressive heat. Hither, fair, your footsteps turn. Hebe breathing o'er the isle. Renovates each fading smile. Gem of England's southern sea ! Thou deserv'st a brighter lay. Who now strikes the harp to thee. Treads too oft in sorrow's way ; Yet along thy peaceful shore He deUgbts the song to pour. StiU thy sandy beach along. Changing tides shall ebb and flow. When the heart, now rous'd to song. Sleeps in wakeless silence low. Life, receding from its shore. Yields the welcome wave no more ! Ocean ! ere I quit thy stream. Emblem of eternity ! Rise my thoughts to the Supreme, Him, whose band bath bounded thee. He, when thou shalt cease to flow. Shall, nor age, nor limit know. C{)e JHanov of fl^abant* T^HE Hundred of Bosmere, from the Saxon " bos," sig nifying a wood, and " mere," a marsh, anciently called the Hundred of Boseberg, comprises the manors of Havant, Warblington, Lymbourne, and Hayling, bounded on the west by the Hundred of Portsdown, on the north by the Hundred of Einchdean, on the east by the Hundred of Bourne, and on the south by the sea. The whole of the eastern coast of Hampshire was originally peopled by the Belgse, a Germanic tribe who landed and settled on the southern coast of Britain at some indefinite period, anterior to the Roman invasion. There is every reason to believe that the coasts of Hampshire and Sussex were selected for early settlements from the facilities afforded for the pursuits of hunting and fishing, and from their contiguity to the sea. Upon the establishment of the Roman empire in Great Britain, the invaders naturally occupied those localities which had either been chosen by their conquered opponents, or which seemed calculated to offer advantages in retaining possession of their new acquirement, Clausentum, the present Bitterne, Port us Magnus, the present Portchester, and Regnum, the present Chichester, became their stations, covering a space of thirty miles from west to east, each of these being at such a distance from the shore as to obviate the probability of an unexpected attack from a piratical enemy. Erom Clausentum a road passed through Portus Magnus to Regnum, following the course of the existing road in many parts, and at intervals between these principal stations, were smaller field encampments in the vicinity of which, first villages and then towns sprang into existence, 1 2 HAVANT. under the shelter of the powerful conquerors. The Romans fully appreciated the importance of a good and available communication between their inland camps and the sea, and the road crossing the street of Havant at right angles from north to south, seems to have been one of the main approaches from their encampment on old Winchester through Rowland's castle to the harbour and island of Playling. In confirmation of this, various remains of pottery and many coins have from time to time been found in the vicinity of the line, as well as in the town of Havant, but not to such an extent as would enable one to form any very accurate idea of the size or importance of the place prior to the Norman conquest. The present name, corrupted from Hauehunte, or Havoute, is Saxon in its derivation ; similar to that of Boarhunt, which lay in the centre of the forest of Portchester, and it may there fore be concluded that the Roman settlement was adopted by the new invaders more particularly as many of the existing local names bear undeniable evidence of their Saxon origin. Within a few years after the Norman Conquest, the celebrated survey called Domesday was compiled by order of the Conqueror, and the entry in reference to Havant follows in these words ; " The monks of the diocese of Winchester hold " Hauehunte ; they always held it. It was assessed in the " time of King Edward at ten hides. It is now assessed at " seven hides. Here are four ploughlands ; twenty villagers " employ six ploughs. Here are two mills which pay fifteen " shiUings, and three salterns which pay fifteen pence ; also " woods which furnish ten hogs. It was and is now worth "eight pounds. Brockmaton was and is now worth one " hundred shillings." The Manors on the southern sea coast were not so highly assessed as those inland, from the chcumstance of their beino- exposed to the depredations of the Norse and Danish pirates, and this reason is specially assigned in reference to the valuation of Fareham in Domesday ; but it is nevertheless evident that even at this early period Havant was a place of some importance, and that the lands within the manor were in a higher state of cultivation than those in the immediate HAVANT. 3 neighbourhood. The tythings comprised within the manor were those of Havant, Brockhampton, Leigh, Langstone, and Hayling North, One of the mills mentioned in the survey is stU] subsisting on its original site at Brockhampton, and is now held by the Messrs, Snook, on lease for lives, from the Bishop of Winchester, and the other stood on the site of that now occupied by the town mill, which was rebuilt by the late Mr, John Crasweller, in the year 1822, To these have been added the mill erected some years since by the late Mr, John Smith Lane, below the site of Battine's ancient mUl, and the two now standing in the village of Langstone, Mills in former days belonged almost exclusively to the lords of manors, the tenants and inhabitants being constrained to grind only at the lord's mill, and upon payment of the accustomed toll in kind. This will, in some measure account, not merely for the great number of mills enumerated in early records as objects of profit to the landholders, but for the large sums which they are constantly stated to yield ; the rent being sometimes in kind, sometimes in money, sometimes in grain, and sometimes from the fishery in the mill stream. At Lolingeston, in the county of Kent, a mill rendered fifteen shillings and 150 eels. At Wichendone, in the county of Buckingham, a miU rendered twenty shillings and four score eels. At Wasmertone, in the county of Warwick, a mill rendered twenty shillings, four measures of salt, and one thousand eels. At Arundel Castle a mill rendered ten measures of corn and ten measures of provisions, besides four other measures. Mills are not mentioned subsequently to Domesday, until the statutes 31 Henry III, and 13 Edward I, by which the toll is directed to be taken according to the custom of the land, and according to the strength of the water-course, either to the twentieth or twenty-fourth corn. Of the three salterns here enumerated one remains on the north shore of Hayling, and two have ceased to exist. One of the latter was situate to the south of Wade Court, upon the northern part of the Langstone millpond : it was aban doned in the early part of the eighteenth century, and is shown upon a map among the Wade muniments, dated in 4 HAVANT, the year 1725 as the property of Mr. Thomas Jervoise, These Salterns as originally used were unquestionably ponds and pans for procuring marine salt by the process of evapo ration ; and Saint Augustin, in his work Be civitate Dei, speaks highly of the salt made in this locality, and states that it is superior to every other made on the British coasts. Inland salterns were what are now called the refineries of brine or salt springs. At the time of the survey, rock or fossil-salt was unknown in England ; the first pits of it were accidentally discovered in Cheshire, on the very spot where Domesday mentions brine springs, so late as the year 1670, From the rent paid, these saltworks of Havant do not appear to have been very extensive, or of any great value. It will be observed that there is no mention made of any church at ITavant in the general survey, but this circumstance by no means proves that there was no church in existence at the date of the return. The Inquisitors, it appears, were to inquire upon the oaths of the sheriffs, the lords of every manor, the presbyters of every church, the reves of every hundred, the bailiffs and six villains of every village, into the name of the place, who held it in the time of Edward the Confessor, who was the then possessor, how many hides the manor contained, how many carucates in demesne, how many homagers, how many villains, how many cottars, how many serving-men, what free-men, how many tenants in socage, what quantity of wood, how much meadow and pasture, what mills and fish-ponds, how much added or taken away, what the gross value in the time of King Edward, what the then value, and how much each free-man or sock-man had. The Jurors were moreover to state when any advance could be made in the value. By this it will be seen that churches per se, formed no part of the subject matter for inquiry, and that if entered at all it was not as of course but incidentally only where there had been an early en dowment by donation of glebe lands or otherwise. There was doubtless a church at Havant at the date of the survey, although the precise time of its erection cannot now perhaps HAVANT. 5 be clearly ascertained, and the following facts will be found to strengthen, if not to establish the conclusion. In the year 678, Wilfred, bishop of Northumberland, having been expelled from his province, went to Rome, and returning thence, came into the kingdom of the South Saxons, which then contained seven thousand house holds or families, and which had not as yet been converted to the Christian faith. He there preached the gospel with the license of King Edilwalke, who gave him the Isle of Wight, with the province of the people, anciently called Meanuari, which he had won from the West Saxons. The bishop baptised the chief lords and the priests, the residue of the inhabitants being baptised shortly afterwards. The King also gave Wilfred, Sealsea, then containing eighty-seven households, where he built an abbey, and having baptised all his tenants there, to the number of two hundred and fifty, he enfranchised them from all bodily servitude and bondage. In the year 959, Athelwald was made bishop of Winchester, and by his zeal and unaffected piety acquired great power over the mind of his royal master, King Edgar, The chronicles inform us that the latter " was so beneficial to the church, namelie to monkes, the advancement of whome he greatlie sought, both in building Abbeies, newe from the ground, in repayring those that were decaied, also by enriching them with great revenues, and in converting collegiat churches into monasteries, renouncing secular priests and bringing in monks in their places. There passed no one yeare of his reigne wherein he founded not one Abbeie or other. The Abbeie of Glastenburie which his father had begun, he finished. The Abbeie of Abingdon also he accomphshed and set in good order. The Abbeie of Peterborough and Thornie he established. The Nunrie of Wilton he founded and richly endowed, where his daughter Editha professed, and where also she at length became Abbess, To be briefe, he builded to the number of forty abbeies and monasteries, in some of which he placed monks and in some nuns. By his example in those dales other nobles, as also prelates and some of the laitie, did begin 6 HAVANT. the foundation of sundrie abbeies and monasteries ; as Adelwold, bishop of Winchester, builded the abbeie of Elie, and (as some say) Peterborough and Thornie, although they were established by the King. Also Earl Ailewin, at the exhortation of the same bishop Adelwold, builded the Abbeie of Ramsay, though some attribute the doing thereof unto Oswald the archbishop of Yorke, and some to King Edward the elder," From the Register of the Priory of Edyndon, in Wiltshire, we learn that in 967, Edgar also granted a charter to the Benedictine abbey and nunnery of Romsey, in this county, dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Elfleda, the first abbess on record being Merwenna. In the year 979, Ethelred the brother of Edward the Martyr, King of England, gave the manor of Havant to the monastery at Winchester. Alfreda, the mother of Edward the Martyr, after the murder of her son, and in expiation of her crime, founded the monastery of Wherwell, in this county. The capitals of the columns supporting the tower of Havant church are identical with those at Wherwell ; the latter are admitted to be Anglo-Saxon. It is not therefore improbable to suppose that Havant and Wherwell churches were built by the same architect. It was a practice at that time almost universal, upon the gift of a manor to a religious house, like that dedicated to Saint Peter at Winchester, for the abbot tc build a church on his newly-acquired property for the con venience of his tenants and freemen, and Ave know from Domesday and other early records, that most of the manors which were then held by the monastery were so provided. It would be unreasonable to conclude that Havant was without a church when Warblington had two, Bedhamptou one, and Hayling another, Havant is the chief place of the hundred, and the size of its church, coupled with local tradition, appear to indicate that it was then, as now, the mother church of the district, standing upon the site once occupied by some Roman edifice. It has been called a quarter cathedral, aud the site of the ancient rectory, coupled with the bishop's arms, and the retention of the name of " Pallant" in the adjoining street, would seem to indicate that in early times it must have pos- HAVANT. 7 sessed a bishop's palace for occasional residence on episcopal progress through the diocese. Beside this, Havant is a pecu liar of the Bishop of Winchester, and as such was exempt from the ordinary ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The possession of a peculiar was formerly much coveted, and although at the present day little value is attached to it, yet in a time when the church was differently constituted, and arbitrary power not unfrequently exercised, it was a highly-valued privilege. In the beginning of the thirteenth century the extortions of the papal power were exorbitant to a degree, insomuch that Pope Honorius demanded a tenth of all personal property in England, Ireland, and Wales, from all classes, laity as well as clergy, to enable him to carry on the war against the Emperor Frederick, and this, under the fear of excommunication, was granted and eventually paid. As it was to the manifest inte rest of the pope to place in the offices of the church those who would comply with the unceasing demands made upon them, it was not an unusual thing for him upon the consecra tion or re-erection of a church, where the bishop or abbot accommodated himself to the papal views, to create the dis trict appertaining to the church a peculiar of the bishop or abbot, giving them power to grant probate of wills, to admi nister the effects of deceased persons within the peculiar jurisdiction, and rendering them wholly independent of, and exempt from the power and correction of their metropolitan ; by this means compelling all parties in the event of any disa greement to appeal to himself as the supreme governor in all matters relating to the peculiar. It appears that this system of exemption was attended with great evils, and there is a letter upon record of King Edward III to the pope, complaining of the conduct of the Bishop of Winchester, who had, in consequence of special and peculiar exemption, appealed from his metropolitan to the apostolic see, a. d, 1337, The letter exposes the demo ralizing tendency of the system, "for," says the monarch, "it " would be of most pernicious example, if by such false sug- " gestions as these, suffragans could escape the correction of " their metropolitan, and oppress their subjects ad libitum. 8 HAVANT. " without any fear of a speedy remedy ; and also that they " should be able to compel them to be continually going to "the Roman court to obtain redress," The church of Havant is dedicated to Saint Faith, and the peculiar, from the dedication, has always been styled as that of Saint Faith, Among the numbers who suffered in the persecution of Dioclesian were many females, whose constancy has been the admiration of after ages. Saint Faith was a lady of the Pais de Gavre in France, of great beauty and chastity of life, qualities in those days assuredly marking her out for persecution. Venerable Bede says that in one month alone 17,000 persons suffered martyrdom; one of this num ber was Saint Faith, who was put to death after having en dured the most cruel torments by order of Dacian the Praefect, about the year 290 : her name is still retained in our calendar. The crypt under Saint Paul's, built in the year 610, by Ethelbert, King of Kent, is the first church that we find to have been dedicated to the memory of the martyred virgin, and the priory of Horsham, founded in 1075, by William de Braiose, is the last. In a grant of confirmation by King Henry I to the alien priory of Jumieges, during the primacy of Anselm, xlrchbishop of Canterbury, and about the year 1100, lands, then and still parcel of the manor of Hayling, are there spoken of as situate "at Leigh, near Saint Faith's," confirming the existence of the church at that period, as the parish unquestionably derived its name from the dedication of the sacred edifice. There is a general impression that there were but very few churches in the country at the tirae of Domesday, but the impression is not founded upon fact. In Domesday alone, which did not comprise all the counties, and as before observed, only mentions churches incidentally, not less than 1700 are enumerated, and it is remarkable that while 222 churches are returned from Lincolnshire, 243 from Norfolk, and 364 from Suffolk, only one can be found in the return for Cambridgeshire, and none in Lancashhe, Cornwall, or even Middlesex, the seat of the metropolis. Undoubted evidence has been adduced of the existence of one church in Kent, and HAVANT. 9 of several others in Northamptonshire, which certainly are not noticed in the survey, and no notice whatever is taken of the church at Dorchester, although the seat of a bishopric had been removed from it but a short time before the commencement of the survey. The fourfold distinction of churches noticed in the third law of Canute in 1033, seems to import that in his time these sacred buildings might together amount to a large number, and it is manifest that in the reign of Edward the Confessor there must have been a very great increase of what was strictly denominated parish churches, it being asserted in one of the laws ascribed to that king that in many places there were three or four churches where in former tiraes there was not one. And if, as tradition and local remains testify, thirty-six churches were destroyed by the Conqueror in order to enlarge the New Forest, this of itself is an argument that they could not have been so few as the number entered in Domesday, and the general impression seem to imply. It was not long before the monks took steps to improve the position of the town ; for in the second y^ar of the reign of King John, Godfrey de Lucy, bishop of Winchester, and son of Richard Lucy, Lord Chief Justice of England, obtained the grant of a market from that monarch in the following terms : — " John, by the grace of God, &c., to the " Archbishops, &c. : Know ye that we have granted, and "by this, our charter, have confirmed to the church of " Winchester, which is built in honour of the blessed apostles " Peter, Paul, and Saint Swithun, one market every week, to " be held in the town of Haueunte ; so, nevertheless, that it " be not to the injury of the neighbouring market. " Wherefore it is our wUl, and we positively command, that "the aforesaid church and monks serving in it, shall have " and hold the aforesaid market, well and in peace, freely and "quietly, wholly, fully and reasonably, with all liberties and " free customs to the same market belonging as is aforesaid, "Dated the 4th day of November, in the second year of our "reign," {Bot. Chart. 2 Job, p. 1, m, 22), In the 51 Henry III, proceedings were taken to determine 2 10 HAVANT. if the prior of Saint Swithun of Winchester, brother Geoffrey le Noreys, and William de la Berton had unjustly disseized Reginald Oysen of his free tenement in Hafont ; whereupon, as the pleadings state, " brother Geoffrey and William come and " the prior does not appear, but the aforesaid brother Geoffrey " and William say that if any disseizin has been made it was " not done by them nor even by the prior, but that it was " done by Ralph Russel, a former prior of Saint Swythun, a " predecessor of the now prior, who thereof died seized as of " right of his church aforesaid : And Reginald cannot gainsay " this ; Therefore the aforesaid Geoffrey and WiUiam are with- " out day, and Reginald takes nothing, &c., and is in mercy "for his false claim," {Ab.fjlac. Bot. 17.) In the thirteenth century various distarbances arose be tween the bishop of Winchester and the monks of St. Swythun in reference to the vacancies which occurred in the monastery upon the death of the prior. During the vacancies of abbeys and monasteries, unless the right were purchased or relin quished, they escheated to the patrons, who, according to their respective claims, placed a man and horse at the gate of the monastery, presented the superior or reserved only the grant of the conge d'elire, with confirmation, fealty, and homage of the elect. Where the king was patron, the clerks in custody committed great depredations for themselves and their master. In houses possessing the right of election, that right, where the number of monks or canons was not sufficient, was re signed to the bishop, and this appears to have been the case with the monastery of Saint Swythun. In the year 1284 however, and during the prelacy of John de Pontissera, the differences between the bishop and the monastery were finally settled, and a composition was arranged by which the prior and his convent granted the manors of Drokensford, Alwarestok with Gosport, and Havontre with their tenants of Heling and the hamlet of Cnoel, to the bishop and his suc cessors, to hold the same for ever. In return, and as an equivalent for this, the bishop for himself and his successors granted and released all the right that he had in the tempo ralities of the priory of Saint Swythun during the period of HAVANT, 11 any vacancy, and in all the manors and lands belonging to the priory, saving only to the bishop and his successors, the advowson or patronage of the same, so nevertheless that he should have the power of placing one serving-man in the priory in the name of a recognition of his patronage, who during a vacancy should be maintained by the chapter, {Annates Ecclesiae Wint. tom i, p. 315), By the Pipe Rolls of the Bishopric for this period, which are still preserved, it appears that Simon de la Bere, as bailiff, rendered an account of 11.2s, 'dWd. for the whole rents of assize at the term of Saint James the Apostle, and the term of Saint Peter ad Vincula ; and he also at the same time paid over 10s, 8th year of his age. " Also near this lyeth Bebecca, wife of the above fsaac " Moody, who departed this life October the Vdth, Anno "Domini 1726, in the A'dth year of her age." By his wiU, dated 14th December 1727, which was proved in the Court of Chancery, he devised the Manor of Havant and other valuable estates to his younger son, — John Moody, esq., of Havant, who was baptized in the parish church on the 14th November 1701, On the 6th May 1742, he married at Saint Mary's, Portsea, Mary, the only surviving daughter of Mr, Thomas Longcroft of Ports mouth. She died without issue, and was buried at Havant on the 22d July 1752. Under the settlement made upon her marriage, bearing date tbe 30th April 1742, her husband acquired upon her death considerable real and personal property at Copner, Baffins, and elsewhere, in the town of Portsmouth and island of Portsea. On the 25th June 1740, a fresh lease of the manor was granted to John Moody by the then Bishop of Winchester, to hold the same to him and his heirs during the lives of WiUiam Moody the grantee, John Moody and Daniel Bartlett, and the life of the longest liver of them, under the yearly rent of £42. Is. M. payable half yearly. The description contained in the lease was — " All " that the manor of Havant, in the county of Southampton, " with aU the lands, tenements, reversions, services, meadows, " pastures, and other hereditaments in Havant, Lee, Llayling, " and Brockhampton, in the said county of Southarapton, to " the said manor belonging, or in anywise appertaining or " therewith, or with any part or parcel thereof used, occupied, " enjoyed, or letten, or which at any time before this hath " been accepted, reputed, taken or known as part, parcel, or " member thereof : and all Courts Leet, views of frankpledge HAVANT. 17 " and all that to view of frankpledge doth belong or apper- " tain, wards, marriages, reliefs, escheats, goods, and chattels " of felons and fugitives, goods, waifs, estrays, perquisites of " courts, liberties, franchises, miUs, waters, and fishings, with " all and singular other hereditaments, commodities, profits, " and advantages to the said manor belonging or appertain- " ing" (except as therein was excepted.) — {Chan. Proceed., Halsey v. Moody.) A great deal of Utigation took place during the lordship of John Moody, partly in consequence of WUliam Woolgar, or his representatives, having sold off various portions of what was claimed to be demesne land of the bishop, which portions had, on the renewal of the lease in the year 1710, been entered upon by Isaac Moody, and partly in reference to an agreement and purchase made by the latter of one Evans, who conceived that certain copyhold lands of which WiUiam Woolgar died seized had descended to him as his customary heir. It is stated in the bUl, and admitted by the answer, that no deeds or documents setting out and de scribing such demesne lands had ever been furnished by the bishop, and that Isaac Moody had experienced the greatest difficulty in identifying the lands upon which be had entered as demesne, and the title to which was then in dispute. The transaction with Evans was conducted on his part by John Evans, then Bishop of Meath, a relation of the vendor, and there are some curious and interesting letters from the Bishop Evans to Isaac Moody on the nature and particulars of the vendor's claim, and also of the claim of the bishop hiraself to be reimbursed monies which he had paid for the advance ment in life of Dorothy, one of the coheiresses of WUliam Woolgar, who went to Bengal " for the bettering of her for- " tune," and there married King, an Indian raerchant. King died some few years after his marriage, and Dorothy, his widow, died shortly afterwards, A will, purporting to be that of Dorothy King, was produced upon her decease, and upon the validity of this Isaac Moody's title in a measure rested. The-suit however was by mutual arrangement at last brought to a close. John Moody died suddenly at the Manor-house without issue, and was buried at Havant on the 6th July, 3 18 HAVANT. 1764. By bis wiU bearing date the 17th November 1763, he devised " his manor of Havant, in the county of South- " ampton, with the rights, members, and appurtenances thereto " belonging," unto Samuel Leeke and Thomas HoUoway, in trust, for the payment of his debts, for the purpose of raising a sum for the Hquidation of certain legacies, and subject thereto to convey and assure the manor of Havant, with its rights, members, and appurtenances unto his great nephew James Newland of Havant, his heirs and assigns for ever. This wiU was proved in Chancery ; on the 19th September 1755, a fresh lease of the manor for three lives was granted to Samuel Leeke and Thomas Holloway, which, upon Leeke's death in 1775, was on the 6th April, in the same year, sur rendered by Holloway. On that day a fresh lease for the fives of WUliam Moody, Richard Prior, and Richard Bingham Newland, was granted by the bishop to Thomas HoUoway upon the trusts of John Moody's wiU, of the manor of Havant, by the description contained in the lease of the 25th June 1740, "Except and always reserved unto the Lord Bishop, " his successors and assigns, all great timber and ti'ees, oak, " ash, elm and beech now standing, gi'owing, or being, or " which at any tirae hereafter during all the continuance of " the term shall stand, grow, increase, and be in and upon the " said demised lands and premises, or any part or parcel " thereof, with free liberty of ingress and egress to and for " the said Lord Bishop and his successors to fell, cut down, " take and carry away the said timber and trees at all couve- " nient and seasonable times in the year. And also except " and reserved the free purlieu of hunting, chasing, taking, and " custody of deer, in a parcel of ground called the Thicket, " — parcel of the premises. And also the advowson, gift, free " disposition and patronage of the church of Havant," The rent reserved under this lease was £42. Is. 4c/., and Thomas Holloway covenanted for the maintenance and repair of the demised premises upon having from the bishop's woodward upon the demised premises a sufficient allowance of rough timber on the stem for repairs, and twelve cords of firewood, " with all other convenient and necessary botes." {Proceedings, Franklin and Bishop of Winchester). HAVANT, 19 James Newland, the devisee under the wiU of John Moody, died under age, and the manor of Havant passed upon his decease to his brother, Richard Bingham Newland esquire. By indenture bearing date the 24th October 1775, Thomas Holloway, as surviving trustee of the wiU of John Moody, conveyed the manor by a general description to hold to the said Richard Bingham Newland, his heirs and assigns, during the lives of WiUiam Moody, Richard Prior, and Richard Bingham Newland the grantee, subject to the rent and cove nants contained in the lease of the 6th April 1775. The latter lease was surrendered on the 14th April 1784, and on the same day a new lease of the manor of Havant, by a similar description to that contained in the surrendered lease, and subject to the same exceptions, rent, and covenants, was granted by Brownlow, lord bishop of Winchester, to Richard Bingham Newland, to hold the same with the appurtenances (except as excepted) to the said Richard Bingham Newland, his heirs and assigns, for the lives of Richard Prior, Richard Bingham Newland the grantee, and Richard Bingham New- land the younger, and the life of tbe longest liver of them, {Bishoprick Becords). By indentures of the 22d and 23d December 1800, Richard Bingham Newland conveyed the demesne mill of Brockhampton, with various closes then occupied with it, to Richard Power of Havant, gentleman, to hold the same during the term granted to himself, and he covenanted to obtain, if possible, upon renewal, a separate lease for the lives of such persons as each party should respectively nominate. By other indentures of the same date he conveyed the Red Hill brick-kiln and yard to William Pearson of Rowlands Castle, brickburner, to hold the same during the term granted to himself, with a similar covenant to the last in case of renewal, and by other subsequent inden tures he conveyed the manor of Havant, with its rights, members, and appurtenances, to WUliam Garrett esquire, subject to the rent, covenants, and exceptions, and for the same term as granted to hiraself. WUliam Garrett remained lord up to the year 1820, when he sold the manor to the present owner, Sir George Thoraas 20 HAVANT. Staunton. There had been a previous contract for sale to John Julius Angerstein esquire, but it was abandoned in consequence of some objections which were raised by the latter to the completion of the purchase. By indentures bearing date the 81st December 1819, and 1st January 1820, William Garrett conveyed the manor with its rights, members, and appurtenances (except the premises conveyed to Richard Power and WiUiam Pearson), to hold the same to the said Sir George Thomas Staunton, his heirs and assigns, during the lives of Richard Prior, Richard Bingham New- land the elder, and Richard Bingham Newland the younger, and the life of the longest liver of them, subject to the rent, covenants, and exceptions contained in the lease of the 14th April 1784, On the 21st June 1826, the bishop renewed the lease of the manor to Sir George, and upon the 12th December in that year, in consideration of the surrender of the then exist ing lease, a fresh lease was granted by the bishop (subject to the forraer exceptions, and to the exception of Brockhampton raill and the Red HiU brick-kilns) to hold to Sir George, his heirs and assigns, for the lives of the Princess Victoria, Edward BiUis, and WiUiam Hoare, and the life of the longest liver of them, at the apportioned rent of £30, and under the ancient and accustomed covenants. In the year 1827, arrangements were made for an enfran chisement of the manor, and by indenture of bargain and sale enrolled in the Court of Chancery, and bearing date the second day of February in that year, the bishop, under the powers of various Acts then in force for the redemption and sale of the land-tax, and enabling bodies corporate to seU portions of their manors and estates, in consideration of the sum of £2075. Is. 9d. and with the consent of the Commis sioners specially appointed under the Redemption Acts, con veyed the manor with its rights, members, and appurtenances to Sir George, his heirs and assigns, for ever discharged from all incumbrances, except tithes. The deed contained an ex ception of Brockhampton miU, which had become the subject of a separate lease ; the Red Hill brick-kilns, which had been HAVANT. 21 conveyed in fee by the bishop to WUUam Pearson ; the timber upon Havant Thicket, and the other manorial wastes, and the advowson and patronage of the church of Havant, {Barg. and Sale reciting lease inrolled 21st Mar. 1827.) Within the chief manor of Havant, and held under it, are the mesne Manors of Hall Place, Brockhampton, and Leigh. On the 8th November, in the twenty-second year of the reign of King Henry VI, Lord Henry Beaufort, Cardinal of England and Bishop of Winchester, by deed indented and confirmed by the Chapter of the Monastery of Saint Swythun, granted to John Barbour and his assigns for ever, by service and the rent of 44s, 4(^, " one messuage with a curtUage " called HaU Place, four yardlands of land, and one water mill " in Havont,in the county of Southampton, and one mes- " suage with a curtilage and one yardland of land in Brock- " bampton, in the same county," The crown confirmed this grant in the same year, {Pipe Bolls, tera. Hen. VI, and Cal. Bot. Pat. 22 Hen. VI, sec, 1, mera, 17.) At the turn of Saint Martin, 33 Flen. VIII, the jury of the manor presented that John Tawke, who held freely of the lord four yardlands of free land by the yearly rent of 44s, 4id. and other services, had died since the last court, whereupon there happened to the lord for a relief 44s, Ad. and that John Tawke his son, then of the age of four years, was his next heir. In the year 1699, Francis Woodder was owner of this estate, and by his wUl bearing date the 1st December in that year, he devised it in fee to his half-sister, Dorothy Evans, The latter intermarried with Arthur King, a merchant connected with the East India Company's service, and by her wUl bearing date the 25th December 1711, she devised the estate to her sister Elizabeth, the wife of Nathaniel Halsey, Upon the death of Halsey, Elizabeth his widow married Josiah Chitty, and upon Chitty's death she became the wife of Ascanius Christopher Lockman of Richmond, esquire, who died in the year 1741, The property, after being the subject of litiga tion and a Chancery suit, eventually descended to Elizabeth the only chUd of John Halsey, who was the son and heir of Elizabeth by Nathaniel Halsey her first husband. By inden- 22 HAVANT, tures bearing date the 3d and 4th October 1777, Elizabeth Halsey conveyed the estate to Thomas Jeudwine of Havant, brewer. By indentures bearing date the 19th and 20th March 1792, Thomas Jeudwine conveyed to John Butler, and by indentures bearing date the 14th and 15th January 1803, John Butler conveyed to John Crass weller, who by his will bearing date the 28th October 1825, devised the estate to Jane the wife of Charles Beare Longcroft, for life, and upon her decease to her elder son Charles John Longcroft, in fee. {Hall Place Title Deeds). This manor comprised various tenements in the town of Havant, held by payment of quit rent and relief upon death or alienation. The list of all these tenements will be found entered upon the court rolls of the manor of Havant at fo. 68 of book 3, The old manor-house, which was built in the year 1640, with materials taken from Warblington Castle after it had been dismantled was puUed down in the year 1795, when the present house was erected by the late Mr, John Butler, The mesne manor of Brockhampton includes about fifteen or sixteen copyhold estates, situate in the tything of Brock hampton, and the title to the manor follows the possession of " one messuage and one yardland of bondland" •within the same tything, held by copy of Court Roll, under the chief manor of Havant. Quit rents are payable from these estates to the mesne lord and heriots in the case of death. There are no separate rolls, but the copyholds are all entered upon the Court RoUs of the manor of Havant. In the year 1748 Thomas Shepherd was lord; in 1764 Thomas Land became lord ; he devised the estate by wUl to the late Francis Foster, who by will devised it to his son Thomas Land Foster, the present lord. The title of the Lord of Brockhampton to the quit rents and heriots has, upon several occasions, been dis puted by the Lord of Havant, but the seizure of the heriots has always been enforced by the mesne lord, and immemo rial usage has (whatever may have been the origin of the right) conferred upon him a title Avhich nothing at the present day can resist with any reasonable chance of success. In the' muniment room of his Grace the Duke of Norfolk, HAVANT. 23 there is a Feodary Book of the time of Henry VI. , compUed from very ancient and then existing documents, some of which were antecedent to the Norman conquest. This book con tains an account of the various manors and lands then form ing parcel of the honour of Arundel, which extended as far as Rowland's Castle, and among the outlying lands are men tioned those at " Riderslond," Adjoining Havant Thicket, and leading from the latter to Stockheath, is a lane still caUed " Ryder's Lane," and there is little doubt but that the lands mentioned in the Arundel feodary book were situate in this part of the manor of Havant, About the year 1550, John Lord Lumley married the Lady Jane, eldest daughter of Henry Fitzalan, last Earl of Arundel of that stock, and'a settlement was made by the Earl of the Stanstead property, then parcel of the Honour, and of Ryderslond, then called Mengehams, probably from the name of some previous tenant, upon Lord and Lady Lumley, and the issue of their marriage. This was effected by a demise for the term of one hundred years, and, subsequently, by a settlement of the reversion. In the 7th Elizabeth, a licence was obtained from the crown for alienation of one hundred and twenty-six acres at Leigh, to WUliam Aylmer, and by an indenture bearing date the 1 0th November in that year, Henry Earl of Arundel, Lord John Lumley, and the Lady Jane his wife, conveyed the same as then or late parcel of the manor or lordship of Hayling in the county of Southampton, to William Aylmer, in pursuance of the licence reserving fealty, and one red rose yearly to be paid at Midsummer, if it were demanded, for all manner of services and demands. The conveyance contained a grant of such deeds, court rolls, rent roUs, &c. as related to the parcels conveyed. Upon the death of WUliam Aylmer, Mengehams descended to his son WiUiam Aylmer, and upon the death of the latter, in the reign of James I, the crown seized Menge hams as an escheat ; but on the petition of Francis Aylmer, an inquisition was taken, by which it was found that WiUiam Aylmer, the first purchaser, had died seized of the premises in his demesne as of fee tail with remainder over, and having issue of his body lawfully begotten one son WiUiam, who. 24 HAVANT. the first purchaser after the decease of WUliam Aylmer, en tered into possession, and was seized thereof in his demesne as of fee taU until the time of his death ; that Francis Aylmer was the son and next heir of the said WiUiam Aylmer, the son of WUHam Aylmer the first purchaser, and that Francis, at the death of his father, was of the age of twenty-five years and upwards, and that the lands were held of the King in capite by knight's service, but for what part of a knight's fee was unknown. King James I, therefore, by a general livery under value under the great seal bearing date the 23d November, in the 20th year of his reign, comraanded the pre mises to be restored to the said Francis Aylmer, which was accordingly done, and Francis, by a recovery suffered in the reign of Charies the First, barred the entaU. Upon the death of Francis Aylmer the lands passed to his heir, George Aylraer, who raarried Thoniasin the eldest daughter of Thomas Franklin, clerk, rector of the parish of Chalton in this county. A settlement bearing date the 20th and 21st September 1697, was made upon this marriage by which the lands were limited to the heirs male of George Aylmer, and in default to the heirs female. The property ultimately vested in Thomas Aylmer, the only surviving son of George, who suffered a recovery to bar the entail. By indentures of lease and release bearing date the 29th and 30th days of June 1781, Thomas Aylmer, in consideration of £3422, conveyed the property to Joseph Franklin esquire, of Catherington in this county, to hold the same unto the said Joseph Franklin, his heirs and assigns for ever. The Aylraers in succession and Joseph Franklin after thera conceived that by the purchase of Mengehams at Leigh, they had becorae lords of a manor of Hayling North, and this impression led thera ultimately into difficulty and litigation. It is hardly necessary to say that there never was such a manor as that of Hayling North, and that the only manor of which the Aylmers and Joseph Franklin were lords, was the mesne manor of Leigh, within the manor of Havant, com prising a few parcels of land near Mengehams and some tenements held of the mesne lord, hke those of Brockhampton, HAVANT, 25 by payment of quit rents and heriots upon death. The mis take I imagine arose from the fact that within the manor of Hayling there was a tything of Mengeham ; and the lands at Leigh bearing the same name, the latter were conveyed by the Earl of Arundel and Lord and Lady Lumley to William Aylmer, as parcel of their manor of Hayling instead of as parcel of the honour of Arundel. At the time of Aylmer's 'purchase a quit rent roll seems to have been handed over, these rents were undoubtedly paid in the 12th of Elizabeth, and irregularly collected dovra to the year 1793, In pursuance of their imagined rights, the Aylmers and Joseph Franklin, appointed gamekeepers and cut bushes and young heirs on the wastes of the manor of Havant. Every year they drove the thicket, and the estrays were taken into the gate-room of Mengehams. These estrays were either sold, or in the case of forest horses of a certain size killed in order to prevent the commons and waste lands being stocked with useless cattle. Joseph Franklin kept a pack of hounds, and hunted throughout the parishes of Havant and Hayling North, he shot game and kUled deer there, and in short acted as lord of the supposed manor and exercised his rights almost without interruption. He assumed also to be as lord owner of the soU of Havant Thicket, which he claimed as appurtenant to his supposed manor, and upon various occasions he cut timber there which he used upon the Mengehams. In the year 1794, the Bishop of Winchester having cut a quantity of timber in Havant Thicket, Joseph Franklin thought proper to draw it away and cut more. Upon this the bishop brought his action of trespass, wherein Franklin justified the trespass complained of, aUeging the freehold to be in himself. On the trial of the cause the bishop proving by several persons that they had cut timber in Havant Thicket by his order, sixty years before the tres pass, and Franklin not being able to prove the cutting beyond fifty-three years when Thomas Aylmer had exercised the assumed right, the bishop gained a verdict with 40s. damages. Some time after the trial, it was discovered that the witnesses who had proved the cutting by the bishop sixty years before 26 HAVANT. the trespass had made a considerable stretch in point of time none of them having worked in the Thicket until thirty-eight years before the trespass was committed, whilst the oak tree cut by Aylmer fifty-three years before the trespass was then in existence and served as a well curb at the Leigh farm house. The opinion of the late Vice-Chancellor Sir Launcelot Shadwell was taken in reference to the case, but the matter was subsequently dropped, and no further proceedings were ever instituted. Joseph Franklin conveyed the lands called Mengehams to William Garret esquire, then lord of Havant, and the mesne manor merged in the chief manor. The present lord pur chased Mengehams with the Manor of Havant, The Manor of Flood lies wholly within the ambit of the manor of Havant, but is separate and distinct from it, and consists of various estates, copyhold at the will of the lord, which are subject to a heriot on death or alienation, to quit rents, and an uncertain fine upon admission. The eldest son is the customary heir, and upon the death of a copyhold tenant, his widow is entitled to her free bench. The tenants have the same rights of common as those of the manor of Havant. This manor appears to have been created after the manor of Havant had been leased out in 1553, the lands were probably the private property of the then lord, and were granted out by him at will, in order to raise an income by the fines paid on the original grant, and upon subsequent alienations. These copyholds lie dispersedly over the manor of Havant at Durrants on the eastern borders of the Thicket ; some are to be found at the eastern extremity of the town, and some in H omewell ; they are not however very numerous. There are separate court rolls, the earliest of which bears date in 1646, At this time William Woolgar was lord; upon his death the manor passed, like that of Hall Place, under his will to Dorothy Evans ; eventuaUy by purchase to Isaac Moody; from him under his will to his son John Moody; from him under his will to Richard Bingham Newland ; from him in 1815 to William Garret; and from him in 1820 to the present lord. HAVANT. 27 The Manor of Havant rectory lies also within the manor of Havant, but is separate and distinct from it, passing with the living to each succeeding rector. It consists of sorae few houses and gardens running from the corner up to the bridge crossing the north street, which are held by copy of court roll, and are subject to a fine upon admission, a heriot upon death or ahenation, and an annual quit rent. The eldest son is the customary heir. The present copyholds were doubtless part of the parish glebe, and the estates were granted out by rectors in the troubled times to raise an income. The Court Rolls are separate from those of Havant, and the earliest bears date in the year 1657, The Thicket, Stockheath, and Leigh Green are the common wastes of the Manor of Havant. The former is a large tract of land containing about 800 statute acres, was forraerly a chace or privileged place for deer and beasts of the forest, and tiU within the last thirty years a herd of fallow-deer ranged freely over its uncultivated space. These were preserved by the Bishops of Winchester, who appointed keepers and took every care to keep up the stock. There being however no park or inclosure the deer strayed away into the neighbouring lands and were gradually killed down. The copyhold tenants are entitled to herbage for their cattle and pannage for their swine, the summer pasturage of the cattle being stinted to the number that the tenant can fodder on his copyhold estate during the winter. The tenants have also a right to cut bushes for the repair of their fences and the usual botes. Stockheath contains 17 statute acres, and has from time immemorial been the cricket-ground of the town of Havant. The boundaries of the Manor of Havant are described in the perambulation of the 29th Septeraber 1820, as beginning in west marsh at the raUs which part the t\A'o marshes adjoining the sea, proceeding northward on the east side of the rails towards MUl meadow, keeping the west side of the fence of MiU meadow half way along Mr. Jaraes Hewett's meadow, then over into MiU meadow, along the east side of the fence into the lane leading to Brockhampton MiU at an ash tree, proceeding along the west side of the land to the corner of 28 HAVANT, the Rev. John Webster's meadows crossing over into Mr, Webster's meadow on the north side of the hedge, then into the arable field under the east and south hedges into the second arable field of Mr, Webster, through the gateway along under the east hedge on the west side over the stUe, along under the. south hedge on the south side foUowing the direction of the hedge to Mr, John Midlane's MiU meadow, crossing into the field again along under the west hedge to the river going along the middle of the river to the north end of Hermitage croft, crossing the river into Long meadow, proceeding along the south hedge of Long meadow half-way then over into Hermitage croft again, and into the road^from Stockheath under the east hedge of Hermitage croft south ward into the turnpike road ; proceeding along the turnpike eastward along under the north hedge to the corner of Mr, John Hammond's orchard, then over into Mr, James Hewett's field continuing about three rods under the south hedge, then over into the orchard again, proceeding under the west and north hedges of the orchard to the corner of the Rev. Thomas Frank's field, proceeding up the field northward on the west side of the hedge into Miss M. Marshall's field, along up the west hedge on the east side, and on the north hedge on the south side into Mr. Arthur Atherly's twelve acres, along the north hedge over the stile into Mr. Jaraes Piatt's two fields, proceeding along the east hedge on the south side to Mr. White's Stockheath barn-field, turning round the south hedge to Stockheath lane, crossing the lane leading from Stockheath on the opposite side, proceeding to the parish cottages and other cottages, taking in Mr, Samuel Sharp's meadow, over into Stockheath again along under the west hedge on the east side by other cottages to Stockheath barn croft, up to Welche's cottages under the west hedge, taking in the lower most of AVelche's houses and land to the top of Ryder's lane into Havant Thicket, thence proceeding along under the east side of the hedge which divides Bedhamptou Park from Havant Thicket up to the place where the ancient bound tree stood, caUed Lady Oak (now occupied by a stone inscribed G. T. S. 1820), proceeding along the east side of Blendworth HAVANT. 29 inclosure bank, crossing the road to Homdean and the road to Rowland's Castle, thence up to Rowland's hiUs and foUowing the direction of tbe fence belonging to Rowland's hiUs south ward to Whicher's gate, keeping at a distance of eighteen feet from the fence of Rowland's hUls as a drift road belonging to Rowland's hUls, crossing the road at Whicher's gate excluding the cottage and garden, and proceeding along the east side of the hedge over Comley bottom now inclosed, and the hedge which bounds Mr. Joseph HoUoway's land from Emsworth common also inclosed, up to PoUington's comer, thence crossing the road into another field of Mr, Joseph HoUoway's, down to the south-west corner of the same field, then turning to the east into a field of ]\Ir. Charles Earwaker, continuing along the hedge southward through a meadow of the said Charles Earwaker and a smaU field of Mr. John Todd through ISIr, Joseph HoUoway's barn-yard and gate-room iuto an oven of the cottage at East Leigh belonging to Mr. Joseph HoUoway, in the occupation of Thomas Prior (into which oven crept a boy), and proceeding along Leigh lane southward under the west hedge to little Denfield, keeping under the north hedge and proceeding westward into the twenty-two acre field belonging to Mr, John Butler to the north-west corner thereof, turning round and following the west hedge of the same field and through the remaining land of the said John Butler down to Gravel-pit bam into the turnpike road, crossing the same and proceeding along the old lane lying between east Town- send field and a field of Mr, John Knight, and foUowmg the direction of Lymbourne stream through Langstone miU-pond to the great sluice there, leaving the miU-pond and foUowing the direction of the stream as it runs through the mud to the channel in the harbour at low-water mark, thence into Hay- Hug North in the island of Hayling, And be it remembered that the farms, lands, and hereditaments belonging to John Bannister, Stephen Rogers the elder, and Stephen Rogers, the younger, Jesse CrassweUer, John Hellyer, Thomas Rogers, George Rogers, John Quinnell, Sarah Rogers, Mary Ann Rogers, Elizabeth Whitley and Joseph Lane, in Hayling North, are lying in the Manor of Havant, and are copyholds of 30 HAVANT, inheritance and subject to the same fines, heriots, customs, and services as the other copyhold estates held under the Manor of Havant, then proceeding along the channel in a boat westward, keeping on the north side of the channel as far as Brockhampton Mill Rythe, then up the Rythe into West Marsh where the perambulation begun. The Court RoUs of the Manor of Havant in the possession of the present lord, reach back to the year 1611, and, with the exception of intervals during the first twenty years, are reasonably perfect. They contain the entries of the Court Baron, partaking generally of the nature of customary courts, for surrender and admittance and the settlement of disputes relating to property among the tenants, and those of the Court Leet, which extended to aU crimes, offences, and misde meanors at the common law, as well as to others, which have been subjected to it by Act of Parliament, These are still inquired of by a body of the suitors elected, sworn, and charged for that purpose, who must not be less than twelve nor more than twenty -three, and who in some manors continue in office for a whole year, whilst in others they are sworn and discharged in the course of the day. The customs of the manor, both with regard to descent and with regard to the rights of the lord and those of the tenants, are very full and explicit. They were first presented, and were probably first reduced into writing in the year 1393, and run as follows : The son and eldest daughter are to inherite lands. There are within the said mannor tennants in meane and tennants in base, and the tennant in base doth hold with or of the meane tennant, and the meane tennant doth hold of lord, and shall make ffine with the lord for the whole. If the tennant in base doe dye seized of lands, the tennant in meane shall have herriott and releife of him. If the tennant in base or in meane doe committ wast, the lord shall have lands by escheate, viz., if he be convicted of ffelony, if the tennant in base doe not maintaine his houses, or if he be not resident, the tennant in meane shall have a paine against him to amend the same by a day (that is to say) HAVANT. 31 a money paine or penalty, and the second paine fforfeiture of the tenement on which the paine is sett downe, A yard of bondland and half a yard of bondland shall pay for herriott the best beast. If the tennant in base doe alienate lands, the lord shall have herriott and ffine. If many yards lands or half yards lands are holden under one fine, there shall be but one herriott paid for all, viz. the best beast ; and for want of beast the best good or implement of houshold. If a cottager being resiant upon his cottage doe decease, he shall pay his best beast for herriott, and if he shall have noe cattell he shall pay then for herriott his best garment or other his best good, and if he be not resiant upon his cottage he shall pay for herriott xijd. The wife may hold the lands for terme of her widowhood if she wUl without ffine, but if she marry before she ffine, she looseth the land, and the next heir shall be admitted to ffine, and if she doe ffine in her widdowhood, as she may if she wUl, then she shall holde for terme of her life, and shall pay at her death for herriott her best beast if she have any cattell, but if she have a husband at the time of her decease then she shall pay noe herriott, neither hath she any goods or cat tell of her own dureing the life of her husband. The wife is next to fine after the death of her husband if she wiU, and the husband ought to fine for the wife with the lord, and soe for the woman heire with the land ; and the woman shall give half the ffine aforesaid after the decease of her husband. If any man doe marry a woman, whether he be heire or bond, he shall pay to the lord one-half of the ffine of his wife, and yett he shaU only have the estate dureing the life of his wife. It is to be noted that a certaine man holding in the right of his wife, one messuage and toft and iiij acres of bondland, did pay for a herriott his best beast, as that appeareth in the one-and-twentieth year of Henry Beaweford, and in the second year of Henry the Sixth, in the court roUs of the tything of Leigh. 23 HAVANT. Herriott shall be paid as well upon surrender as after the death of the tennant. No tennant may surrender his land if he be not of the lordship, but only before the steward or dark of the bishop rick. The bayliffe or dark of the bayliwick may take sur render of lands lying within the bayliwick, soe that the surrender be made in the bayliwick and not without. The tythingman or warden may take surrender within the mannor of a tennant being in health, in the presence of two or three of the tennants, soe that the same surrender be not made upon condicon, for if it be conditionall then it cannot be taken but by the officers of the lord, except the condition be that he or his wife shall enjoy the land for the term of their lives. The tythingman or warden, or one of the lords, tennants of the mannor, may take surrender in sickness, or in point of death within the mannor, soe that the same surren der be made in the presence of one witness, whether he be any' of the lord's tennants or some other person whatsoever. If any surrender be made to any other person of any lands, and the same be not presented at the lawday or court within one year next after the making of the said surrender shall be void, and the year and day being past before presentment thereof be made, the lord shall have the land by escheat, A tennant lying in extremity of sickness may surrender his lands if he wUl, under condition that if he recover that sick ness and doe live that then the surrender shall be void. The tennant may surrender his land in mortgage, soe that the surrender be made before the steward or dark of the court or bayliffe of the bishoprick, and be written in the court rolls. The tennants may take and sell the woods and under woods growing upon their finable lands, soe that they make noe waste or destruction in the coppices. Also they may take the timber growing upon their finable land for the repaireing of their tenements from time to time without any assignment, soe they make noe wast. And if the lord doe assign timber for repaireing of any tenement of the mannor upon any lands, the tennant upon the same lands shall have the lopps of the HAVANT, 33 said timber. And if any timber be taken up for the king the tennant shall have the lopps and alsoe the price of the said timber. If any tennant in meane have not timber growing upon his tenement for the repairing thereof, the lord shall allow half the timber for the repairing thereof out of the comon wood, but not for the new-buUding of every house. The meane tennant shall aUow timber to the base tennant of the tenement if there be any, or else he shall be allowed timber out of the comon wood or elsewhere by the lord, only for repairations, and further, the lord shall allow timber for the repairations of the other tenements and cottages in the town of Havant which are holden by ffine. A tennant may ffine for his land at the first or second pro clamation if he will, but if he will not he shall be amerced ; and if the tennant or some other for hira doe not come and make ffine at the third proclamation he looseth his land, and if he doe dye before he make ffine with the lord his heire shall pay the ffine of his predecessor and also his own ffine. If he to whom surrender is made doe decease before he hath fined for his lands, and soe that there be one proclaraacon between the surrender and his decease, the lands shall come into the hands of the lord by escheat. If not then the heire shall fine for the land as before, paying his two ffines, viz. his predecessor's and his own. A tennant cannot demise his lands above a year, if he doe he forfeits his estate. If any doe voluntarily permitt his tenement to faU or be pulled down without license he forfeits his estate. If any tennant doe implead another of tbe lord's tennants of the said manor out of the court without license, he forfeiteth his estate. The meane tennant shaU have two paines in money sett downe on him to repaire his tenement, and if he will not at the third paine he forfeiteth his estate. The tennants doe give for pawnedge of their hogs yearly at the ffeast of St, Martin, for every hog above a year old ijd., of three-quarters jd., of half-a-year old a penny, and for piggs 5 34 HAVANT. weened from their dams a ob, whether there be any mast or noe mast in the lord's woods. These customs have been somewhat changed with regard to the heriots, the cutting of timber on the lands of the copy hold tenants, and the aUowance of timber to the tenants for the repair of their buildings ; and as these heriot and timber customs are become of considerable importance at the present day, it is desirable as far as possible to see in what way the alterations have taken place, and the encroach ments made upon the rights of the tenants. On reference to the Custom Roll it wUl be seen that the heriot due upon raany yardlands or half-yardlands holden under one fine is " one heriot paid for all, viz. the best beast, and for want " of a beast the best good or iraplement of household stuff." In cases too numerous to mention these best beast heriots have been changed upon the Court Rolls into best good heriots, which has materially depreciated the value of the copyholders' estates, inasmuch as under the proper custoni, the best beast must first be seized, and in default of a best beast then the best good. The custom of a best beast heriot enabled a tenant to provide against the contingency, because so long as a beast was found to answer the lord's claim, the latter was confined to the object of his seizure, whereas under the best good heriot it was impossible to know what might be taken — a picture for instance of far greater value than the estate in respect of which it was seized, and in addition to this, the lord, supposing him to be entitled to a best good heriot, would be authorised to go into another county in order to make his election, if the tenant lived there, in preference to the seizure upon the copyhold tenement itself. These alterations are not the work of late years, but arose during the period when the manor was leased out by the bishops, antecedent to the present century. In the evidence taken before the Commissioners in the suits of Halsey v. Moody, and Halsey v. Moody and Brooke, I find it deposed upon the oath of Edward Bayly, M.D., then a copyhold tenant, and whose ancestors to the fifth generation had HAVANT. 35 lUiewise been copyhold tenants since the year 1609, "that " he had seen many copies of admittance of persons to copy- " hold lands and tenements held of the manor of Havant, and " in the margin of such copies he found the words heriot "optimum bonum written and inserted on account of the " heriots claimed by the lord of the said manor," and that he, having occasion to compare such copies with divers other copies prior in time to them and relating to the same lands, found that the heriots had been changed into optimum bonum. This fraudulent alteration of the heriots was further confirmed by the evidence of Robert Andrews of Hayling, taken in the same suits. The heriot question eventuaUy became the subject of an action at law. Upon the death of Thomas Longcroft the brother-in-law of John Moody, James Newland the steward of Moody's trustees seized a valuable cow as a heriot, stated to be due in respect of a copyhold estate of which Thomas Longcroft had died seized. An action was at once brought by George Moody Longcroft, as the executor of his father, against the lords ; the case was tried at the Winchester Assizes, and upon holding the Court Rolls up to the light the ancient entries of unum solidum were clearly seen to have been erased, and the words optimum bonum inserted in their place. The verdict was of course adverse to the lords, and the copyholders of the manor presented Mr. Longcroft upon the occasion, with a silver um in the shape of a cow, bearing an inscription commemorative of the trial. By reference to the Custom Roll it wUl also be seen, that the mesne tenant, if he have no timber upon his estate, is to be allowed half by the lord for repairs out ofthe comraon wood ; that the base tenant is to be allowed tiraber out of the common wood for repairs, and that timber shall be aUowed by the lord for the repairs of the other tenements and cottages in Havant, holden by fine. Upon a recent occasion a copyhold tenant in want of timber for repairs, was refused an allowance, and it was stated in answer to the apphcation, that no exercise of the right of aUowance had been maintained in latter years, and that the timber was not the property of the 36 HAVANT, lord but of the bishop, being excepted out of the conveyance of the manor. As there are very many entries upon the roUs confirming the ancient custoni, some of those occurring since the manor has been leased out have been carefully extracted, and are here subjoined, 25th March, 42 Elizabeth. — The homage further present that the barn of Jane Latthew is dUapidated for want of timber (marrenn.), therefore timber is allowed, and a day is given to the aforesaid Jane to repair the aforesaid barn before the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel next, under a pain. 4th June, 2 James. — The homage further present that the several tenements of Edward Leake gentleman, John Kent, and Llenry Cosen are dUapidated for want of timber, viz. the tenement of the aforesaid Edward Leake pro diiobus caricatibus {Anglice two tunns), the aforesaid John Kent for one tunn, and the aforesaid Henry Cosen for one tunn ; therefore the aforesaid separate quantities of timber are allowed. 6th May, 4 James. — The homage further present that the tenement of Gregory Hall and the cottage of Thomas Courtier in the south street of Havant are out of repair for want of timber. Book ii, p. 21, 1612. — The homage further present that the mansion house belonging to four yardlands of land the property of Mary VacheU, widow, lying in Hayling within the manor aforesaid, had been burnt and accidentally consumed by misfortune of fire happening to it. Therefore the aforesaid Mary VacheU is commanded that she erect and substantially build a bouse upon the tenement aforesaid before the feast of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary now next ensuing, under the pain to be levied of £3. 6s, 8c/. And since there is not sufficient timber grow ing upon the lands aforesaid to build the house aforesaid, therefore tiraber for the erection of the same is to be assigned from the woods and coppices of the lord according to the custom of the Manor aforesaid. Book n, p. 46, 1615, — The homage further present that the tenement of Jane BeUson, widow, is dilapidated and falling down for want of repair, and that two tuns of timber are required for the repair of the HAVANT, 37 tenement aforesaid in the judgment of the carpenter. Book ii, p. 68, 1614, — Inhabitants of Leigh tything ordered to repair Aylmers bridge. At p. 71, the homage further present that the bridge called Aylmers bridge had not been repaired in pursuance of the pain laid upon the inhabitants of Leigh at the last Tourn because they had not tiraber assigned them. Book iii, p. 3. — The homage further present that the several tenements of Zachary Roman, Ann Jones widow, John Wingham, John Bowler, Robert Leaper, and Richard Wood, parcel of the manor, are out of repair, and that each one of them requires timber for the repair of his tenement aforesaid. Book ui, p. 10, — The homage further present that the tene ment upon the copyhold lands of Zachary Roman in Hayling is out of repair, and that he is in need of one load and a half of timber to repair his tenement aforesaid. Book iii, p, 18, — The homage further present that the tenement and barn upon the customary lands of Zachary Roman in Hayling are out of repair, and that he requires two loads of timber to repair the tenement and barn aforesaid. Book iii, p. 33, — The homage further present that the tenement of Bartholemew Sone is very dilapidated and out of repair, and that he requires three loads of timber for the repair of the tenement aforesaid. Book iii, p. 35. — The homage further present that the several tenements and barns upon the customary lands of John Chatfield gentleman, and Clement Roman are out of repair, and that each one of them requires two loads of timber for the repair of the tenement aforesaid. Book v, p. 66, — The homage also present that the buildings of John Sopp require repair, and that there is need of three loads of timber to repair the same. They also present that the build ings of WUliam Bayley require repair, and that there is need of six loads of timber to repair the same. They also present that the customary tenants of this manor are entitled to have timber aUowed from the common wood for their necessary repairs where there is none growing upon the premises. Book V, p. 75. — The homage further present that the build ings of John Biggs knight, one of the customary tenants of this manor, require repair, and that there is need of three tuns 88 HAVANT, of timber to repair the same, to be had from the common wood for the repair of the sarae according to the custoni of the manor aforesaid. They also present that the buUdings of William Bayley, one of the customary tenants of this manor, stand in need of repair, and that six tuns of timber are required to repair the same to be had from the common wood for the repair of the same according to the custom of the manor aforesaid. The Leet Rolls, in which most of the foregoing present ments are found, are irregular from about the year 1745 to about the year 1796, The entries adduced, show that the custom was dearly recognized and acted upon at the time they were made. The position of the lord and his copyhold tenants is the same as in former days ; the heriots, fines, and quit rents then payable are still due, and because the bishop and the lord may have entered into an arrangement to which the copyholders were in no way parties, but under which it is said the forraer acquired the exclusive property in the tiraber, and because in later years the allowances have not been required or demanded to the same extent as formerly, is it to be contended that the copyholders are to be deprived of a permanent and valuable privilege? It is true that the tiraber was excepted out of the conveyance to the present lord, but the Thicket or common wood is still parcel of the Manor of Havant, timber is stUl growing there, and it may fairly be asked why the ancient allowance should where needed be withheld. The ancient presentments of the Courts Leet and Baron may be conveniently classed under the following heads : — Firstly, — Those which relate to general offences within the Liberty. Secondly, — Those which relate to weights and measures. Thirdly, — Those which relate to the repair of public build ings and public highways, 1st. General Offences. — The homage present that Elena Barram, the wife of Humphrey Barram of Havant, barber, is a common scold among her neighbours, therefore she is HAVANT. 39 adjudged to the tumbrell, A paine that noe butcher within this liberty doe sell any buU fiesh within the tonne of Havant untU the same be bayted in the market place uppon paine of every of them Qs. 8d. They present that there is a Book that concerns their custome now remayeninge in the handes of John Ilannam bayliff of the said manor. It is ordered that Stephen BeUson, William Woods, William Aylmer gent, Richard Langrishe, Thomas Hipkin, Alexander Higgen, and WUHam Stonard, shall meet before Whitsontide next and shall tax indifferently the inhabitants of this liberty for a contribution towards an amerciament of 40s, set on them for want of a cucking stool, and that the tythingmen of the several tythings, shall presently after the taxation, levye sache somes of money as shal be bye the said parties taxed, and shall paye the same to the lord's bayliff. Booki,comraencinginl566. — They present that Robert Dudman made an affray and drew blood from Humphry Barram with a stick, and fine him 3s, 4f/,. They also present that Alice Toms the wife of Robert Thoms is a common scold and she is adjudged to the tumbrell. They also present that Richard Townsend, during the feast of the purification of the Virgin, made an affray upon Robert Norrys and drew blood with a dagger, and they fine him 3s, 46?, They present tbat WiUiam Woolgar, PhUip Mitchell, Nicholas Wyngham, and others, permit, and each one of them permits, unlawful games in each one of their houses, therefore they are each fined 2s, 6d. We present Robert Woods and Nicholas Godfrey for playing at cards in the house of Arthur Woolgar, and we pain them 12c/. each. It is ordered that no inhabitant receive into his house any unknown or strange person to inhabit with him unless they shall first find sufficient sureties to exonerate the town under the penalty in each case of 205, WUHam Stonard is fined 5s, for disturbing the Court. They present that Robert Dudman is an habitual drunkard, and he is fined 3s, 4c/, They present that Eleanora Barron is a common scold and a disturber of her neighbours, and she is adjudged to the tumbrell, Wilham Stone is commanded to provide a remedy that the smoke which comes out of his kiln which he lately erected, should not be injurious 40 HAVANT. to John Talke under a penalty of 40s, It is ordered that Thomas Heather shall not scald any porkers in the street, or lay any soile thereafter there upon pain to forfeit 5s, It is ordered that W. Geldernet, J.Goodchild, and other inhabitants of Havant, remove glandered and diseased horses from the commons of Havant, within ten days, under a pain of 10s. Book iii. — We take a pain against Thomas Lambe that he take away the window of his shop that offends Mr. Streete in taking away the light of Mr. Streete's hall window to the west end of it, between this day and the first day of Noveraber next ensuing, upon the pain of 20s. The homage present John Baylie for a common anoyance of the inhabitants of this manor, for not buringe of his raurrin beast for which they amerce him 13s, 4c/, Wee present Francis Aylinge, Richard Woods, Widow Monck, William Reed, WUliam BagshaU, and Ann Bayly for keeping of geese and ducks which doth much anoy the fresh waiter or water course that they keepe them upp after the 21st day of December next, uppon paine of 3s. 4'xg\)0;^ ai (Jtattfertiuvn. HAYLING ISLAND. 165 at Wmchester ; his death was sudden, and it is thus rdated in the Chronicles of Hardyng. " And as Kyng EdM'ard in his palayce of pride, Duke Goodwyne then sittyng at his table, Sawe the butler on his one fote slyde And lyke to fall that other fote full stable ; As he was seruying the king at his table Then held hym vp that he feU not to grounde, Kyng Edward say'd to Gudwin in that stounde. As his one fote ye se helpe that other FuU weU and trewe I fynde it dayly no we. Had ye ne bene thus had helpe rae my brother ; Therle then to the kyng on side gan bowe And sayd, ' if I were cause I praye God nowe This breade passe not my throte, but dead I bee And straungled here anone that ye may see,' At his prayer anone with that he died. For with tbat breade straungled was he y' stound. It might not passe his throte as men espied. Wherefore the kyng then bad drawe out y* hounde Vnder the boorde as he that false was founde On whome God shewed an hasty judgment Approued well by good experiment," (p. 229.) Edward the Confessor died in 1055, and was buried with universal lamentation at the church of Westminster. {Speed, b. 8, c. 6,) Upon his death Edgar Athding, the grandson of Edmund Ironside, laid claim to the throne, and William Duke of Norraandy surnamed the Bastard contended also for the kingdom by gift of Edward and also by consanguinity. Both of these, however, being abroad, Harold, the eldest surviving son of Earl Godwin and brother-in-law of the late king, obtained possession of the crown. After a brief struggle between Harold and his brother Tosto, in which the latter was slain, WiUiam duke of Normandy prepared to 166 HAYLING ISLAND. assert his right to the crown by an invasion of the realm. He founded his pretensions upon an agreement said to have been made between him and the Confessor, ratified and confirmed by Harold himself, who had solemnly sworn to hold the kingdora for WUHam, and to marry Adeliza his daughter. This had taken place as WiUiara asserted when Harold sailing from his palace at Bosham had been driven upon the coast of Normandy, and had been delivered up to Williara by the Earl of Ponthieur : the history of the transaction from the period of Harold's departure from . Bosham down to his oath to the duke, is still preserved in the interesting tapestry of Bayeux sometime since engraved by the Society of Antiquaries. William sent arabassadors to Harold, reminding him of his oath, which the latter declined to fulfil, upon which William collected an army, and landed at Pevensey in Sussex, He justified this step on the refusal of Harold to give up the throne and marry Adeliza in accordance with his engagement, and in " revenge for the wrong unto Robert archbishop of " Canterbury, who was exiled by the raeans and labour of " Harold in the days of King Edward," {Hen. Hunt.) The battle of Hastings followed, Harold was defeated and slain, and WiUiam, thereafter surnamed the Conqueror, was established upon the throne of England, Harold appears to have been in possession of lands in HayUng, acquired probably by force during his short reign. Upon the conquest, WiUiam seized into his own hands the vast possessions of those who had either borne arms or had fallen at the battle of Hastings. He also despoiled numerous Abbies on the most trifling pretexts, among them that of Saint Albans {Baker's Chron.), and confiscated the estates of those who had assisted Harold, which in some instances he remitted on payment of a fine proportioned to the means of the owner. Harold had an uncle naraed Godwin abbot of the raonastery of Hyde at Winchester, who led M'ith hira to the battle of liastings twelve monks of his house, and twenty knights bound by tenure of their fees. The knights were kiUed, whilst the abbot and his monks were found with HAYLING ISLAND. 167 arms in their hands dressed in the habUiraents of their order. WiUiam in his anger seized upon the Abbey with its large possessions, and kept it in his own hands for nearly two years without a pastor. In the third year of his reign he visited Normandy, and upon his return he imposed a forfeiture upon the Abbey of one barony in respect of the abbot, and one knight's fee in respect of each monk who had fought against him, {Dugdale's Mon. vol. i, p. 2 1 1 .) These he distributed among bis dependents, and partly frora his own connexion with the house, partly from the great love he entertained for his mother who lay buried within its waUs, and partly from the friend ship he had ever borne to Robert archbishop of Canterbury, WiUiam endowed the Abbey of Gemeticura with very large possessions, and among others, with the church of Harenge and the tithes of the whole Island, except the tithes of pulse and oats in the land of the bishop of AVinchester, Deshayes, in his Histoire de V Abbaye Boyale de Jumieges, tells us that Edward the Confessor was brought up in the Abbey, and that he there imbibed those principles of piety and austerity which in after life procured him such a reputation for sanctity; that William the Conqueror, after the example of his prede cessors, had a great regard for the monastery, and that upon many occasions the monks were partakers of his bounty. Among other donations, he mentions particularly that of " the Isle of Helling," and states that the monks founded a priory there which returned them an annual income of eleven hundred golden crowns. The Conqueror often visited Jumieges, and appointed the Abbe Gouthard who had attained great skill in the art of medicine, his first physician, (p. 51.) After WUliam's fall from his horse at Mantes, he was carried to the monastery of St. Gervais at Rouen, and was placed under the charge of Gilbert bishop of Lisieux and the Abbe Gouthard, the two most celebrated physicians of the age, Gouthard foreseeing its fatal termination never quitted the king during his last iUness, and upon his death, which happened on the 9th September 1087, bis body was transported to Caen, and there buried by Gouthard and the Archbishop of Rouen, {Ibid, p, 54.) 168 HAYLING ISLAND, At a subsequent period, and during the abbacy of Jean de la Chaussee, Margaret of Anjou visited Jumieges ; she was received under a canopy and treated with the greatest pos sible respect. She remained some time an inmate of the Abbey, and agreed to restore to the monks the Island of HaUing which had been taken from them by the crown. The towers of the Abbey of Jumieges, styled in Latin the Abbey of Gemeticura, are still to be seen looraing upon the horizon in the centre of a peninsula, forraed by the windings of the river Seine. They are in ruins, but of exceeding beauty, and attest the grandeur and raagnificence of the house when in its zenith. In the first days of the raonarchy it was a marshy M'ild covered with wood, which extended on the right bank of the Seine from Duclair to Caudebec, but the narae was subsequently limited to a portion of the ground nearly four leagues in circumference. Such was the extensive site occupied by the monastery and its dependencies from the time of its foundation, but it ceases to be matter of surprise when we learn that before tbe death of the first abbot, there were at Jumieges nine hundred monks and fifteen hundred lay brethren as inmates of the monastery. The public library of Rouen possesses a manuscript of WiUiam of Jumieges, in which the historian is represented in a miniature presenting his work to the Conqueror as the patron of the Abbey. Lie wrote a Latin history of the Dukes of Norraandy, lived at Jumieges in the eleventh century, and his work is one of great use and information. He gives two explanations of the word Geraeticum ; this place, says he, is so called, because those who are shut up in it lament their sins, or because it is comparable for beauty and richness to a precious stone {gemma). Saint PhUibert founded the Abbey of Jumieges in the year 654, on a site which he obtained as a gift from Clovis II and Queen BathUde hisAvife; but in 841, the Northmen plundered his pious retreat, and ten years afterwards it was utterly destroyed. The monks were either killed or dispersed, and their monastery was sacked by the jj - rV,(- L •^^'vUKi;' 1^ ^^ I HAYLING ISLAND. 297 stances in connection with its history, there is every reason to believe that the date to which the erection has been ascribed is substantially correct. The entrance to the church is through an ancient decorated porch of the fourteenth century on the southern side, bricked up half way to the level of the seats, and paved with large stones, broad at one end, but narrowing to the other, which appear from their shape to have served as coffin-lids to some ecclesiastics. The principal entrance, in forraer days, was by the large door at the west end of the nave, through Avhich the processions of the Romish Church passed on festivals and holy days. There is a low doorway under an arch on the northern side, and a private entrance for the officiating priests on the southern side of the chancel. Near the southern porch stands an immense yew-tree, apparently of greater age than the church itself. The cemetery, surrounding the church, is unusually large, indicating, like the church, the existence of a larger population than at the present moment. The parishioners of Hayling South bury on the southern, and those of Hayling North on the northern side of the ground. The fences of the cemetery are repaired by different persons proportioned to their interest : for instance, the North parish maintains the northem hedge ; certain lands in West town the western hedge ; Griggs Land, the southern hedge ; the Manor farm, six panels of paling on the east side ; Estock farm, four panels ; and the reraaining panels are distributed araongst the various other landed proprietors resident in the parish of Hayling South, It also receives the bodies of those not unfrequently washed on the shore of the island, who were in eariier tiraes buried on the beach where they were first discovered. On digging the foundation of the hotel, bones were found of persons interred in this way ; and the workraen employed at the bridge came upon similar remains in the course of their excavations. The old vicarage-house of Hayhng South parish stood about two hundred yards to the south of the church itself, near the present blacksmith's shop. On the induction of the uoav vicar a new vicarage was buUt on a portion of the glebe, a 38 298 HAYLING ISLAND. part of the expense of Avhich was charged upon the living by annual instalments extending over a perimi of several years. On the eastern side of the church, and close adjoining it, is a piece of land caUed " the Church Plot," and an ciently described as toAvn land. The tenant of the church plot has from time immeraorial, either washed the vicar's surplices three times in the year, or has paid a money-rent of three half-crowns to cover the charge. The lord and lay rector is the present occupier. It would seem that there had formerly been a question as to the ownership of this church plot, and that it had been brought under the notice of the archdeacon ; for at the visitation of Hayling South, in the year 1729, a schedule of the property of the church is set forth, in Avhich the plot is particularly mentioned, and, for greater accuracy, I subjoin the schedule verbatim : — ¦ " A schedule of y" goods belonging to the church. " A communion table-cloth, a carpet, and napkin. " A sUver cup av"" a cover, a pewter flaggon, &c. " Plate of the same metal. " A church Bible, two common-prayer-books, " A surplice, a pulpit-cloth and cushion, and a cloth for the " reading-desk. A Beer. " There is a plot of ground w* they say belongs to y'' " church, av"'' the churchAvardens for many years past, received " rent, and is now entered upon by , Lord of y'= " Manor, as properly his." {Certified by Jas. Lampiard, Dep. Begislrar, 16 July, 1840). In what Avay it became the property of the church, is not known ; I cannot think that it could ever have formed parcel of the glebe ; and I conclude, that on the inclosure of the adjoining lands, AAdiich have at no very distant period been the subject of a common allotment, and the fences of Avhich are straight — this piece, like that of Havant and other neigh bouring places, was appropriated to the purposes of the church, the Avardcns of Avhich have always seen that the rent in kind has been performed. The church, or chapel of ease, of Hayling North, dedicated to Saint Peter, and situate in the haralet of Hayling North- HAYLING ISLAND. 299 wood, is a plain unornamented edifice, sixty feet in length by thirty in Avidth, with side-aisles separated from the nave by heavy pointed arches of Early English architecture, Avith massive columns of the same period, the capitals bearing the spear-head ornament. The northern transept vi'as apparently designed for a chantry, having a trefoil niche to the east for an altar ; over the niche is a pedestal, on Avhich an iraage of the Virgin or the patron saint may have been placed. The chancel is separated frora the body of the church by a Avooden screen, and contains a piscina for holy Avater, and an arabry. The turret springs from nearly the centre of the building. The nave is occupied by strong oak-benches, serving the purpose of seats, some having poppy-heads, others fleur de lis, and several devices emblematic of the Holy Trinity, carved upon them. The Aviadows are uniforra on either side ; and the church is entered on the northern side through a carved Avooden porch, of the age of Henry VI, The pavement of the nave bears the following inscrip tions : — " 2b the memory of Matthew Monlas, vicar of Hayling, who departed this life April the 2oth, in the year 1703, aged 57 years; and also of Anna his wife, who departed this life August 3rd, in the year 1724, aged 74 years. This stone laid down March 9th, 1765," " To the memory of Jolm Monlas, gent, and Frances his icife, son of Matthew Monlas, vicar of Hayling, who departed this life January 16th, in the year 1725, aged 39 years. There has been no other remembrance of him for the space of forty years, buf tohat he produced for himself {the best indeed) by his virtue and good ivorks. Such a character, such an example of good works, should never, if possible, be forgotten; and therefore, in justice to the memory of the deceased, and for the good of mankind, is noio reneiced!' "Near him lies Frances his ^oife, a beloved luife, an affectionate mother, and sincere friend ; these three 300 HAYLING ISLAND, importajit characters she maintained with great credit to herself, and comfort to her friends. She departed this life February the 3rd, in the year 1765, aged 69 years. This stone laid down March 9th, 1765," In the year 1627, Nicholas Harryson was vicar of Llayling ; Matthew Monlas succeeded him, and died in 1703 ; Mr, Smith followed; and in 1741, Mr, Partington was vicar. In 1750, Isaac Skelton, a gentleman of considerable attainments, was inducted; at whose death in 1773, the cure was conferred on John Webster, He was succeeded in 1805 by Mr. Groom; the latter in 1810 by Peter W, Moore and Dr, Heming. Thomas Valentine followed; Joshua Stopford in 1817; and at his decease the Rev. Charles Hardy, the now vicar, was inducted on the 20th January, 1832, on the presentation of the present lord, {Par. Begister) In the Valuation of Pope Nicolas, made in the 20 Edward I, 1292, the church of Hayling is thus rated : — The church of Heylingg , .£80 0 0 £8 0 0 The vicarage of the same , , 14 6 8 16 8 In 'the valuation found in the Nonas RoUs, which Avere compiled in 15th of Edward III, 1340-1, from the returns made in the 13tli year of the same reign, it appears, on the oaths of Geoffrey Segare, Walter de Southetone, Simon Osebern, William Landman, WiUiam Curps, and Thomas Cardenille, that the ninth of corn, wool, and lambs of the parish of Heilynge, was in the thirteenth year of the reign, of the value of £26. 13s. 4f/. And they stated, that the aforesaid ninth could not amount to the tax of the church in the year aforesaid, for that the same church was endoAved with one messuage and one hundred and tAventy acres of land, which were worth by the year £9. 12s., and of rents and services of the yearly value of £6, 12s. 8c/, They stated also, that the tenths of hay, and other small tithes, Avith the oblations and mortuaries, were of the yearly value of £12, 19s, 8d. ; and they stated, that very many other tenths belonged to the sarae church, which had lately been destroyed by the sea, so that the tax of the same church Avas not worth so much as in times then past, {Inq. Nonar. com. Suth. Paroch. de Heilynge) HAYLING ISLAND, 801 The vicarage was valued in 1750 as a discharged living at the clear yearly sum of £47, The tenths, before the discharge took place, were £17 per annum, {Butler) The living of South Hayling is now styled a vicarage, with the perpetual curacy of North Hayling annexed to it, of the annual value, as settled under the Coinrautation Act, of £211, in the patronage of the lord of the raanor. There are 3'ha. 2r. 24p. of glebe land ; and there is a tradition, that under a tree standing on part of the glebe in West Lane, a large quantity of raoney lies buried. It is almost a matter of surprise that ordinary curiosity, and the want of timber for repairs, have not com bined to put the truth of the tradition to the test of demon stration. The manor farm, as forraing part of the deraesnes of the priory of Hayling, is exempt from tithes under the original endowment of Pope Innocent, and the principal great tithes unenfranchised are those on the Eastock farm. By the census taken in 1811, the north parish contained forty-two houses and two hundred and fifty-four inhabitants ; and the south parish contained fifty-six houses and three hundred and twenty -four inhabitants. By that of 1851, the population in the north parish had increased to two hundred and seventy -two, while that in the south parish had increased to eight hundred and twenty-four. There is no distinct account of the foundation or erection of either of the three churches which have been built within the Island of Hayling, The first was undoubtedly that which was standing at the date of the Conqueror's grant, and therein mentioned, and which Henry II, who began to reign in the year 1155, confirmed to the church of the Blessed Mary and Saint Peter of Jumieges, as of the gift of King William, the greater part of the Island of Haringey, with the church and the tithes of the whole island, except the tithes of pulse and of oats in the land of the Bishop of Winchester. By whom this church was erected — whether by Queen Emma, by the Abbey of Hyde, on whom she bestowed the manor, or by the Abbey of Jumieges on the donation of the Conqueror — cannot now be ascertained ; but, looking to the probabilities of the case, the erection may, I think, be attributed to the Abbey 302 HAYLING ISLAND. of Hyde, the precise site of the buUding being marked out by the existing Church Rocks to the south of the present shore of ITayling. If this be so, the date of the first church would be about the year 1050; and the ancient font now restored frora West Bourne was no doubt that frora which the first con verts to Christianity within the island received their baptism. On this account alone, independent of the ordinary associa tion Avith the past, the font possesses a peculiar interest to the inhabitants, and all must be gratified at its restoration to the present church of Hayling South, as the most appropriate place for its reception. The period at which the church was so injured by the sea as to render it unfit for service, is pretty well deterrained by the return to the Inquisition in the 14th of Edward III, 1339-40, where it was found that the greater part of the same island was almost destroyed and consumed by inunda tion of the waters, and that the place where the parish church had been first buUt had been in the raiddle of the island, and that it was then immersed so deep in the sea that an English ship of the larger class might pass there. It is quite clear, therefore, that the church raust have been abandoned some time before the date of this inquisition. The chapel of Hayling Northwood Avas buUt for the conve nience of the inhabitants of the northern part of the island, about the reign of Henry II, the style of the architecture being of that date, and the fleur de lis, stUl to be seen in the nave, confirming the supposition ; but when the Abbey of Jumieges had founded the priory in Tourner Marsh, and Avhen the original church had become untenable, they naturally turned their attention to the better accommodation of their estabhshment and tenants at Hayling Southwood ; and with this view they built the existing church to replace that which the waters had swept away. It is evident that it was built in the latter part of the thirteenth century, from the outline of the ground-plot, the style of the architecture, the ornaments of the capitals, and the porch at the south door ; whUst the stone coffins of the priors, and the tessellated pavement, pre sumed to have been laid down under the superintendence of ^. V 0' J ¦ T «^ It '*%. ^'/ HAYLING ISLAND. 303 foreign Avorkmen, Avho were generally employed in works of this description, indicate that it Avas completed long before the priory Avas dissolved, and the manor given to the Monas tery of Shene, in the year 1418, It Avould appear, however, that the ancient burying-place surrounding the original church Avas used for the purposes of sepulture for some time after the erection of the present edifice. At what precise period it ceased to be the burying- place of the parish there is no evidence to show ; but that it so remained doAvn to the year 1486, Avhen the parishioners of Hayling North petitioned the Abbey of Shene for permission to bm'y in their own cemetery, is clear from their statement, because they speak of taking the dead from the hamlet of NorthAvood " to the parish church of Hayling, or its burying- " ground ;" and they urge as a reason, both the great distance and the inundation of the waters. Now, this could not by possibility have applied to the cemetery of the preserved church, Avhich has never been affected by the sea, and must therefore have had reference to that of the original church. It is probable, that soon after the privilege of burial had been conceded to the north parish, a cemetery Avas added to the present church, inasmuch as the inconveniences which affected the north parishioners affected those of the southern portion of the island to a considerable, though not to an equal extent. The Island of Hayling must in early tiraes have been a very much larger place, and one, from its position, of rauch greater iraportance than has generally been conceived. The six tithings of Northney, Eastney, Stoke, Westney, Menge ham, and West-town, which have come down to us, show that at a very early period Hayling contained sixty famUies, exclusive of slaves, and exclusive of the various toAvns which sprung up in after times ; and taking, therefore, each family at ten, the tithings alone give a total of six hundred souls, and upon a fair inference a total probable population of ten tiraes the present population of the island. The various inquisitions throw considerable Hght upon its size, and the dangers to which it lay exposed, both from the ravages of the sea and from the inroads of the enemy — the open coast 304 HAYLING ISLAND. presenting a convenient spot for landing a hostUe force. Looking to the return, which states that the parish church, which Avas then being fast washed aAvay, had stood originally in the centre of the island, we are at once led to the con clusion that, aUowing the same extent on the south as on the north, the island must at the tirae when the church was buUt, and up to the period of the inundation, have reached to within about two mUes of the spot now occupied by the Nab Light, The word " leuca," which is used in the return to the inquisition, two of which formed the distance between the shore and the church, consisted, according to the Roll of Battle Abbey, of four hundred and eighty perches : Ingulphus however, who is a good authority, speaks of the Leuca as a mile. The ordinary mile of England, it will be remembered, in former times was more of a traditionary than an ascertained measure ; it was, in fact, nearly a mile and a half of the present standard. Bloomfield, in his History of Norfolk, renders " leuca " a league, meaning something less than two miles, which appears to have tallied in the generality of places which he examined in order to ascertain the correct distance. Considering also that the best land, as stated, lay nearest the sea, and that the devastation raust, in the course of time, have swept away a space of no less than nine miles in length by about five in breadth, this raay well account for the depo pulation of the place, and for the raiserable state to which the inhabitants were reduced. The ravages of the sea were not confined to the southern side of the island, but extended up as far as Hayling Northwood, There is reason to believe, that formerly there was a ford rather than a channel between the main land of Havant and ITayling, and that the channel has becorae very much deeper within the last seventy or eighty years. Old persons not long deceased have been heard to say, that at that time a man on horseback could ride across at alraost any tirae of tide, by jumping his horse over the channel of the Wadeway ; and where at Ioav Avater on the Dobbin Point the sarae thing could be done less than a century ago, between Thorney and Chidhara, there is now from fourteen to sixteen feet of water. The four hides of land, equal to four hundred HAYLING ISLAND. 305 and eighty acres, stated in the Testa de NeviU to have been held by Ralph d' Anvers, are never afterwards raentioned ; and I conclude they also raust have formed part of those lands, although not specifically named, which were inundated and destroyed by the sea; and the reason for this might have been, that they formed no part of the possessions of the prior, being held of the honour of Gloucester. If not so Avashed away, they raust have escheated to the crown, and have been included in the subsequent grants of the raanor and isle of Hayling, After the manor was granted to the monastery of Shene, the priory of Hayling fell, as may easily be imagined, into a state of rapid decay. The prior's stables are alone noticed in the rainister's accounts of 32d Henry VIII, 1541 ; and, as the grange or farm-house of the demesne lands was rebuilt nearer to the centre of the island, this circumstance may also have contributed to the dismantling of the priory itself. At what time the grange, which was puUed doAvn by the late Duke of Norfolk in the year 1777, on the erection of the present manor-house, was first built, does not appear from the records of the manor ; but, looking at the state of things in the island at that period, it may be conjectured to have been built out of the ruins of the priory after the dissolution. It is very questionable whether the grange always stood on its present site, because the word Healingey, Helingey, or Halinghei, derived from the Saxon liealle, inge, and ey, signified the place of the meadow in which there was an aula, or hall, answering to our word hall or mansion; or, as all islands were in early tiraes considered objects of sanctity, the name may have been derived from the Saxon lielige, which signified holy or sacred. In the return of the lands submerged by the sea, there is mention made of alraost the whole haralet of Estok, with the lands belonging to the sarae, appertaining to the parish church of Hayling, which the prior had to his own use, being destroyed by the sea — treated, in fact, as the demesnes of the manor ; and a presentment, to which I have before aUuded, occurs in the roUs where, WUliam GauntdoAv is found to have pulled down the ancient haU at Estok, on the lordship of the 39 306 HAYLING ISLAND. prior of Hayling. Now, it is not at aU improbable but that Harold, who had resided at his manor of Bosham, built this hall at the time when he possessed the Hayling lands, and that on its faUing into decay, with the fear of future inunda tions, from which the island had suffered so grievously, before their eyes, they determined upon changing the site, and removed the grange away from the sea more inland to the then centre of the island, Avhere the manor-house now stands. There are many reasons why the ancient hall or grange should have beoii at Eastock. In the first place, it was at a convenient distance from the church ; in the next, it must have been near the sea fishery of the eastern harbour and the stews, or fresh-water fishery, called " My Lords " and the Tourner Ponds, AA'ith direct access across the harbour to Bosham. It Avas close to the salterns, then far more neces sary to the comfort of a hall than at the present day, both for the curing of fish, and for the salting of beeves ; added to which, there was Tourner Bury itself, to which the inmates might have retired for defence in case of invasion. The word Eastock or Estoke signifies east AVOod, as Northstoke signifies north Avood, so called in after times ; and the pannage of the hogs was always an important consideration in selecting a manorial residence. The contiguity of the priory too favours the supposition that the hall could not have been far distant. In the reeve's account of Edward I, the wages of the park- keeper are spoken of; and upon the court roUs, " Chapel Park" occurs ; the latter was situate to the north of Meng ham, adjoining Tourner Bury ; and not many years since, a large quantity of old timber was cut on this very spot, the lands having most probably been imparked by the priors in exercise of their franchise of free Avarren , These circumstances seem to Avarrant the conclusion that the raost valuable of the deraesne lands and the ancient manorial hall were at Eastock, The present manor-house Avas buUt by EdAvard Duke of Norfolk, part only of the forraer offices and ancient walls being suffered to reraain. A moat surrounded it at one time, forming an area of eight acres, Avhich Avas sheltered on the north by the Home Coppice. A cannon-baU, a key, a knife ^\' - N HAYLING ISLAND, 307 studded with fleur de lis, and some few coins, were found some years since in cleaning out the moat. The manor barn is a curious structure, having been built from a cargo of German oak, wrecked some centuries ago upon the shore of the island, seized by the ancestors of the Duke of Norfolk as lords, and appropriated to this purpose. The tradition is, that the oak was shipped frora the Elbe, and that it was intended for a raonastery in France. The huge tirabers of the barn have been put together in the same state in which they were cast on shore ; and upon entering it the visitor will be surprised at the immense quantity of timber eraployed in the construction of the building. The dovecote of the former grange is stUl in existence, being capable of containing a large nmnber of pigeons, as the walls are of great thickness, and are perforated for the con venience of the nests. It was hdd in the case of Boulston V. Hardy {Cro. Eliz. 548), that dovecotes could be erected by the lord of a manor only, and that if a private person erected a dovecote he was punishable in the court leet for a nuisance. It was clearly a manorial- privUege in eariy times, and forraed a considerable item of profit and convenience to the lord. The Westhay, now corrupted into Westney, might very possibly have been an incident of the right of free AVarren, as exercised by the abbots of Jumieges and the priors of Hayling, The word " hay " occurs not unfrequently in the Book of Domesday, and was described as a place where beasts of warren were captured. In Shropshire, at Lege, three hays are mentioned ; at Wirdine a wood in which were three hays. At Leland, in Lancashire, araong the lands between the Ribble and the Mersey, it is said the raen of this raanor and of Salford do not work at the haU of the king, but they raake one hay in the wood there; and among the possessions of Saint Peter of Gloucester, at Hamene and Hortune in Glou cestershire, it is stated that the church had the hunting in three hays there. Beasts were caught by driving them into the hedged or paled part of a wood, as elephants are in India, or deer in North America ; and this in the forest laws of 36th Edward HI was called the hay. The wdl-known Rothwdl 308 HAYLING ISLAND. Llaigh, near Leeds, w^as the park belonging to the Lacies within their manor of RothweU. The out-park of Skipton Castie is stUl called the Hawe Park, and that of Knareborough the Haye Park. {Whit. Hist, of Whalley, p. 175.) In the north parish of Hayling, the north coppice is believed to mark the site of part of an ancient Avood ; from which the place. North Stoke, afterwards Northwood, took its name ; the same raay be said of East Stoke and Southwood ; and, if we bear in raind the state of the neighbouring country, it would seem likely that a clearance of the priraeval forests must have been made before a settlement could have been effected. The entries upon the court rolls point to the existence of a much greater quantity of timber Avithin the island than at the present moment ; and only in the time of Mr. Budd, the avenue which reached from the South Church to the Ham Farm was felled ; and it is also said and believed, that not many years before this event took place, not less than ten thousand pounds' worth of timber Avas cut and sold in a single season on the demesne lands of the Duke of Norfolk, With abundance of food and timber, boars and deer were no doubt found in Hayling as in the forest of Bere, a part of Avhich derived its name from the boar-hunt ; and although the plough has obliterated all trace of the embankments usually accompanying such an enclosure, there is no reason to think but that the name signified in HayUng, Avhere rights of free warren are known to have existed, what it is cleariy proved to have signified in other places of the same description. The shore of Hayling has from tirae immemorial been one of great danger to shipping, and there are many tales throughout the island of vessels which have struck upon the Wolsinars, and have been totaUy lost. In the year 1798, the Impregnable man-of-war ran upon the Wolsinars, and becarae a total wreck, the then Duke of Norfolk receiving his share as lord, and purchasing largely beside, out of which the Norfolk Lodge Inn at Sinah was buUt. An Indiaman went down close to the present western ferry-house, and part of her hull can stiU be seen at low water. It does not appear how she got there, whether driven over the bar by stress of weather or HAYLING ISLAND, 309 not ; but she went to pieces, and such parts of her as could be recovered were bought by one George How, then a ship- chancUer on the Point of Portsmouth, In the year 1805 a vessel, with the Bennett faraily and other passengers on board, stole away from Gibraltar, bound for Penzance in Cornwall, The authorities of the latter place refused to admit her, as tbe plague had broken out among her crew ; and the master stating that he could pilot her into Chichester harbour, her course was at once changed for that port. A heavy storm carae on, and the vessel was driven on the Poles, nearly in front of Eastock. She was obliged to remain in the position where she had at first struck, as the coast-guard had strict injunctions to shoot the first who came on shore, in order to prevent the spreading of the infection. Provisions were passed from the beach without contact by means of a rope. The pestUence increased, and day by day the raortality becarae greater, until a heavy sea and bad weather set in from the southward, when the Ul-fated vessel foundered, and all on board perished. An antique silver spoon, the only vestige of the bark, is stUl pre served as a relic by WUHain Barber, of Hayling South, who picked it up among the fragments of the wreck. Nothing of importance has been discovered within the island, either in the way of coins or pottery; but not long since, a curious matchlock was found in Sinah Warren, covered with sand and much eaten with rust ; and upon what is called Abbot's Land, it is said that the father of Mrs. Warren stum bled upon some money, though not to any great araount. There is no positive record of any market or fair having been held within the Island of Hayling, and at all events, none has ever beeu held in modern tiraes. At what period the establishment of public markets first took place in England we are not told, but the constantly increasing severity of the Anglo-Saxon laws against theft probably multiplied their number. To escape this severity, it was necessary that every man, and especially a dealer in goods, should always be able to prove his legal property in what he possessed. In the laws of Athdstan, it was enacted, that no one should make a purchase beyond tAventy pennies without 310 HAYLING ISLAND, the gate, but that such bargains should take place within the town itself, in the presence of the portreeve, or some other person of veracity, or of the reeves in the folkmote. Although airtrace of a market has been lost, yet the manor of Hayling may^have had one when it was of greater consequence than at the present moment. In the charter of Henry to the Abbot of Juraieges there is a grant of Thol, caUed sorae times Thdoneum, which was in fact the privilege to the abbot of buying and selling in his own land. In the language of the Domesday Survey, it was not merely the liberty of buying and seUing or keeping a raarket, but it raeant as well the custoraary dues or rents paid to the lord for his profits of the fair or raarket, as well as a tribute or custora for passage {Bract, lib. ii, cap. 24, s. 3) ; and under the charter of Henry, I conceive that the ferries at the eastern and western harbours, and the passage raoney paid to the ferrymen, passed to the Abbot of Jumieges. There is a spot called the TownhaU Furlong in the north parish, and another called the Fish Shambles at Mengham, consisting of very large and massive stones, on which fish may have been sold at some time, and, in the absence of any further explanation, they may be con sidered as the vestiges of a market long since passed away. The freedom from toll and raarket tallage granted to the tenants of the manor under the various charters from that of Henry I, downwards, and the exemption from service on juries at the sessions and assizes of the county, are stiU pre served to the inhabitants ; and upon a question which took place some few years since at Winchester, in reference to the exemption, Mr. Padwick appeared by counsd, and future attendance was excused. There are two benefit clubs in the island on the usual footing, which hold their annual meetings at the Maypole Inn and the Royal Hotel, To whatever portion of the manorial history we happen to turn — whether to the Survey of Domesday, to the period of the quo warranto, to the time of John le BotUer, to that of the first vicar, to that of the Dukes of Norfolk, or to that of the present lord— Utigation in various shapes seems to have formed a staple commodity in the natural produce of the island. HAYLING ISLAND, 311 Questions of wreck, free warren, fishery, and custom have all in turn contributed their quota, until one might have imagined that there was literally nothing left for the present generation to try. It was some time since however discovered, that certain lands called " Howard's Furlong," in the parish of Portsea, covered with houses, and of the estimated value of £200,000, had been included in the Lumley entaU before mentioned, and that upon the expiration of the original lease of the manor of Hayling, and of the land at Portsea, parcel of the manor, the latter had been wholly lost sight of, and in fact had been wholly unnoticed down to the time of the Purchase Act of 1825. The reversion of Howard's Furlong having, as it was contended, vested in Mr. Padwick as lord of the manor, he in the year 1847, under the joint opinion of three erainent counsel, brought 600 separate actions of ejectment for the recovery of the property as parcel of the manor of Hayling : this he was under the necessity of doing at one time in order to save the Statute of Limitations, (Doe d, PadAvick v. Whitcombe.) The first case was tried at Exeter ; and SpUler's book, which was very raaterial to trace the lease into and through the hands of Sir Edward CressweU, on being tendered in evidence to Mr. Justice Coleridge, was by hira rejected, and the superior court confirmed the view entertained by the learned judge. In consequence of this, the first case was disposed of adversely to the plaintiff, A second action was then tried, where the book was, on the suggestion of the Court of Exchequer, tendered in a different way, as evidence of reputation that the lands were parcel of the manor, and again rejected, A bUl of exceptions to the ruling of the learned judge was thereupon tendered, and the question has since been decided by the House of Lords adverse to Mr, Padwick. Many of the defendants in ejectment had com pounded the raatter by payraent of a sura of raoney, taking a release of title, as the means of avoiding a protracted and expensive contest. Experience of the past, however, is, we trust, likely to introduce a better order of things within the island, and litigation is certainly on the decline. There are very many 312 HAYLING ISLAND. objects in which a common interest should unite the inhabitants for the benefit of the community, and it is to be hoped that they may no longer, as heretofore, be neglected. The act for the compulsory enfranchisement of copyholds, which has recently received the royal assent, will adjust many little differences and causes of dispute hitherto existing between the lord and the tenant. It will place all upon a just and proper footing in regard to the tenure of their lands. All issues arising out of copyholds, now the subject of judicial inquiry at the assizes and in the courts above, may, under the act, be referred for the opinion of the commissioners, and decisions may be obtained at a nominal expense, whUst the rights and franchises will, on enfranchisement, be finally adjusted. In this way copyholds will gradually dirainish in number, and in a few years will become extinct. The heriot or habiliments of war delivered up to the lord on the death of a tenant, to be put into other hands for the service and defence of the country ; the fine paid to relieve the estate and obtain possession of the profits, consisting of horses and armour, till by the assize of arms in the 27 th Henry II, it be came payable in money ; the mortuary, sometimes of special custom due to the lord, and for which the body of John of Elthara, in 1334, was arrested at the altar by the prior and convent of Westrainster, until a composition of one hundred pounds had been paid ; the license to alienate, the license to marry, the annual quit-rent, the suit and service, the homage of the copyhold tenant, and the fealty of the free tenant, — all these wUl alike for ever cease ; and Avhen the tenure shall have corae to an end, and the courts be no longer holden, the chief reranant of the feudal times, the last connecting link between the baron and his vassal, wiU have passed away, and after an existence of a thousand years, the manors of the land, like the castles they served to maintain, will become a matter of history and mere tradition. APPENDIX. I,— NATURAL HISTORY OF HAYLING AND ITS VICINITY, FAUNA,— FISH. BASSE. Delphinus, Phoccena, Porpoise, only an occasional visitor. Raia, Batis, Skate, Clavata, Tbomback. Pastinaca, Sting-ray, Stiag, frequent in the summer. Squalus, Squatina, Angel-fish, Monk-fish, occasionally found, though rare, Glaucus, Blue Shark, taken some years since. Catulus, Lesser Dog-fish. LoPHius, Piscatorius, Pishing Frog, not common, AcciPENSER. Sturio, Sturgeon, one taken in Emsworth Harbour, in the summer of 1 798, AV^eighing eight pounds ; rare. Tetraodon, Mola, Short Sun-fish ; this curious fish was taken off the harbour of Emsworth. Cyclopterus, Lumpus, Lump-fish; frequently in the spring in dredging for oysters. Syngnathus, Acus, Shorter Pipe-fish, Sea Adder ; one was pumped out of a well in Havant, 4th Feb. 1814, MurjEna, Anguilla, Common Eel, Conger, Conger Eel, Ammodytes, Tobianus, Launge, Sand Eel, Trachinus, Draco, Weever, rarely found; one taken 21st July 1808. Gradus, Morhua, Common Cod-fish, not so plentiful as formerly, 40 314 APPENDIX. Gradus. Barbatus, Whiting-pout, in great abundance; great quantities may be caught with a rod and line close to the shore. Carbonarius, Coal-fish, "Whiting-cole, Pollachius, Pollack, not common, Merlangus, Whiting, not so common as some years since. CoTTus, Scorpius, Father Lasher, Eur, commonly taken in the shrimp nets, Zeus, Faber, Doree, John Dory ; this must now be considered as a rare fish, but formerly Avas raore plentiful, Pleuronectis, Aippoglossus, Halibut; we find this fish was taken some years ago, but not of a large size, as is common with the species. Platessa, Plaice, common and excellent of their kind, Flesus, Flounder. Lunanda, Dab. Solea, Sole ; numerous, though seldom of a large size. Maximus, Turbot, not common. Rhombus, Pearl, Prill; generally small, but much esteemed. BREAM. Sparus, Lesser Sea Bream, Brazen. Labrcs, Gibbus, Gibbous Wrasse, Golden Maid; frequently in the summer. Perca, Fluviatilis, Perch. Labrus, Basse. RED MULLET. NATURAL HISTORY. 315 Gasterosteus, Aculeatus. Three-spined Stickleback, Minnow, Scomber, Scomber, Mackerel; this species is taken in Hayling Bay, in July and August, sometimes in great quanti ties, Thunnus, Tunny, Albicore. This is a very rare fish ; we can hear but of one that has been taken, and that at Emsworth, on 14-th October 1779: it was eight feet in length, and weighed 3 cwt. STRIPED MULLET, MuLLUs, Cirris, Striped Surmullet; not common, generally taken in summer, Trigla, Hirundo, Tub-fish, Gurnard, CoBiTis, Barbalula, Loche, Salmo, Salar, Salmon; has been taken at EmsAvorth, but not often. Trutta, Sea-Troiit, Salmon Trout; frequently in the summer months. Fario, Trout. Esox, Belone, Sea-pike, Gour-fish; common in the summer months. Atherina, Hepsetus, Atherine, Smelt, MuGEL, Cepfialus, Mullet; §bmmon during warm weather, excel lent of their kind, CuLPEA, Harengas, Herring; sometimes in great quantities between Michaelmas and Christmas. Spirattus, Sprat, Alosa, Shad. Cyprinus, Carpio, Carp. Tinea, Tench. Rutilus, Roach. Phoxinus, Minnow. Auratis, Gold-fish; naturalized. 316 APPENDIX. KEPTILES. Ran A, Bufo, Common Toad. Temporaria, Common Frog. Lacerta, Palustris, Warty Lizard, Agilis, Scaly Lizard. Vulgaris, Common Lizard. Coluber, Berus, Viper. Natrix, Ringed Snake. Anguis, Fragilis, Blind Worm. BIRDS, sea swallow, Falco, Milvus, Kite, Buteo, Buzzard ; generally found in the northern or more woody parts. Neither can be said to be common. Cyaneus, Hen-harrier, Blue-hawk ; not common. Tinnunculus, Kestril, Wind-hover. Nisus, Sparrow-hawk, Strix, Flammea, White Owl. Stridula, Brown Owl, Lanius, Collurio, Lesser Butcher-bird : this may be considered as a rare bird, CoRVus, Corax, .Raven ; not common, sometimes a solitary pair. Corone, Crow. Frugilegus, Rook, There are several rookeries in this district, two are in Hayling, one at Ham, and the other at the Manor farm. Comix, Hooded Crow, Pied or Grey Crow ; visits the sea shores annually in the autumn, and remains tbe winter. NATURAL HISTORY. 317 CoRvus, Monedula, Jackdaw; not common. Glandarius, Jay, Pica, Magpie, CucuLUs, Canorous, Cuckoo, Jynx, Torquilla, Wryneck; one of the earliest summer birds of passage, generally arriving about the middle of March, Picus, Viridis, Green Woodpecker, Jaffot. Medius, Middle-spotted Woodpecker, Alcedo, Ispida, King-fisher, It is said that a nest of this bird has been found in the neighbourhood, but it could not be traced to an authority sufficient to positively assert tbe fact, Sitta, Europcea, Nuthatch ; foimd only in the more woody parts. Certhica, Familiaris, Creeper, Free Runner. Phasianus, Colchicus, Pheasant. Tetrad, Per dix. Partridge. Coturnix, Quail : not common. Columba, ASnas, Wild Pigeon, Wood Pigeon, Palumbus, Ring-dove. Turtur, Turtle-dove ; not by any means common, Sturnus, Vulgaris, Starling, Cinclus, Water Ouzle, A solitary individual taken (sup posed to bave been wounded) at Emsworth in January 1808, Shot at Hayling in 1835, TuRDUs, Viscivorus, Mistle Thrush ; not common. Pilaris, Fieldfare, Iliacus, Redwing ; generally appear about Michaelmas, Musicus, Song Thrush, Merula, Blackbird, Torquatus, Ring Ouzle; a rare species was seen on Emsworth Common in March 1807, Ampelis, Garrw/ws, Bohemian Chatterer; one shot at Emsworth in the winter of 1779-80, LoxiA, Curvirostra, CrossbiU; one shot at Havant in July 1810, Pyrrhula, BuUfinch, An instance has been stated of a Bullfinch that never attained its proper colours, but ¦was a deep black. Chloris, Greenfinch. Emberiga, Miliaria, Bunting. Citrinella, Yellow-hammer, Schceniclus, Reed Sparrow, Fringilla, Domestica, House Sparrow, 318 APPENDIX. Fringilla, Coelebs, Chaffinch. Montifringilla, Brambling; not common; shot near Emsworth in February 1808, Carduelis, Goldfinch. We have observed at Emsworth two reruarkable changes in the plumage of this bird ; in one instance the subject was fed wholly with canary-seed, and became of a beautiful white ; whilst another, whose food was hemp-seed, became a deep black. These are striking instances of the effects of food. In the autumn thousands of these birds visit the Hayling Bay. Linota, Linnet. Canaria, Canai'y-bird ; naturalized, but bred in cages. MuscicAPA, Atricapilla, Pied Fly-catcher, Alauda, Arvensis, Sky-lark, Pratensis, Tit-lark. Petrosa, Rock-lark, a noAvly discovered species; (vide Linn, Trans, v, iv. p. 41 ;) visits the shores of Emsworth harbour in Avinter, Arbor ea. Wood-lark, MoTACiLLA, Alba, Pied Wagtail, Moll-doll; congregate in the autumn, chiefly in the evenings, on sedge ; many of this species at this season emigrate, oidy a few remain the winter, Flava, Yellow Wagtail, Luscini.'i, Nightingale, Moduluris, Hedge Sparrow, Salicaria, Sedge-bird, Reed Sparrow, Sylvia, Whitethroat, Passerina, Lesser Faucette, Wall-bird, (Enanthe, Wheat-ear; more plentiful in the autumn; they do not appear to breed here. Byhetra, Winchat, Furze-chucker : not common. Rupicola, Stone-chat; not common. Atricapilla, Black-cap, or Oxeye. Phcenicurus, Redstart, Rubecula, Redbreast. Troglodytes, Wren. Regulus, Golden-crested Wren, Ti-ochilus, Willow Wren. Parus. Major, Greater Titmouse, Tom-tit, Cceruleus, Blue Titmouse. Ater, Coal Titmouse. NATURAL HISTORY. 319 Parus, Caudatus, Long-tailed Titmouse, Pudding, Biarmicus, Bearded Titmouse. Hirundo, Rustica, Chimney Swallow. Urbica, Martin. Riparia, Sand Martin; appear only on their first arrival in the spring, do not breed bere, Apus, Swift, Caprimulgus, Europaus, Goat-sucker, Night-hawk, Ardea, Major, Heron, Jack Heron, Stellaris, Bittern; shot at Emsworth in January 1809, ScoLOPAX, Arquata, GwAq^ ; common in the harbours. Phoeopus, Wimbrel, We are rather inclined to think that this bird frequents the harbours in the autumn, and is known by the name of Titrel ; generally sup posed to be the young Curlew, Rusticola, Woodcock, Gallinago, Common Snipe. Gallinula, Jack Snipe, Tringa, Vanellus, Lapwing, Peewdt, Hypoleucas, Common Sand Piper, Ochropus, Green Sand Piper. ox-bird, Cinclus, Purre, Grey Sand Piper, Ox-bird. The birds of this genus, and that of Scolopax, are so various at different stages of growth, and their habits so obscure from common observation, that even with the best ornithologists their history is involved in much uncertainty. H^MATOssus, Ostralegus, Oyster-catcher, Olive, 320 APPENDIX, Rallus, Crex, Land-rail; not common, Aquaticus, Water-rail, Water-runner, Fulica, Chloropus, Water-hen, Moor-hen, Atra, Coot, These birds were so plentiful some years since in the harbours, when the weather was severe, that it was not uncommon to see the mud covered with thera for the space of several acres, Colymbus, Minutus, Little Grebe, Daberchick, Recurvirostra, Avasetta, Avoset ; killed in Emsworth harbour in the month of April 1806,^ and again in the same month in the following year : never before noticed, Colymbus, Troit, Guillemot, Larus, Canus, Common Gull, Nmvus, Wagel, Mergus, Castor, Dun-diver Spear-duck; not common, found only in severe weather. little auk. Anas, Cygnus, Wild Swan. These birds are sometimes particu larly numerous in severe weather. In the winter of 1800 it was no uncommon circumstance to see a hundred in a flock in Emsworth harbour, Olor, Tame Swan, This species frequents the harbours when their usual haunts are frozen up. In the winter of 1739, one AA^as shot at Emsworth, with a brass collar on its neck, bearing the letters R, V. I, cut through the brass ; this collar was at the time sent to the Duke of Richmond for his inspection, but never returned, 1 For an account of the Avoset, see the Penny CyclopEedia. NATURAL HISTORY. 321 widgeon. Anas, Tadorua, Shieldrake, Beergander ; frequently a few solitary individuals, in severe weather, in the harbours. Anser, Wild or Grey Goose. Bernicla, Brent Goose, Bran Goose. There are few winters, however mild, in which the harbours are not visited by these species, and sometimes in great plenty. green PLOA'ER. 41 322 APPENDIX. Anas, Nigra, Scota; we have noticed but one instance of this bird being found in the neighbourhood, Basctius, Common Wild Duck : in frosts, when the usual haunts of this species are frozen, — they are common in the harbour. Pe7ielof)e, Widgeon. These birds are sometimes so plen tiful in severe weather, that two j)ersons firing at the same instant have killed sixty birds out of one flock, Crecca, Teal ; in general a scarce bird. Pelican us, Carbo, Corvorant; found in the harbours at all seasons. Bassanus, Gannett. An individual of this species taken alive off Emsworth harbour in the summer of 1806, the only instance of this bird approaching our shores that has come to our knowledge. SHELLS. MULTIVALVE. Chiton, Crinitus; Langstone harbour, on oysters. LcBvis; frequently in Emsworth harbour, aflixed to stones. Lepas, Balayioides, barnacle ; common in Emsworth harbour, Conoides, ditto ; bottoms of ships from the Mediterranean. Rugosa ; posts in Hayling wade-Avay, Elongata? ditto. Anatifera ; drifted Avood, and bottoms of ships from South of Europe. Anserifera, ditto. Sulcata? ditto. PaoLAS, Dactylus ; EmsAvorth harbour, in clay and mud. Candidus, ditto. BIVALVE. Ma'a, Truncata; Emsworth harbour. Arenaria ; Emsworth harbour. Solen, Fa^ka, razor shell ; mouth of Emsworth harbour; rare. Vespertinus ; off Emsworth harbour ; rare, Siltqua, ditto. Ejisis, ditto, Langstone harbour ; rare. NATURAL HISTORY. 323 bivalve shells erom hayling be.ach. Telltna, Lactea ; Emsworth harbour; common. Solidula, ditto. Amnica ; Emsworth mill-pond ; rare. Cornea, ditto; common. Cardium, Echinatum ; Emsworth harbour; rare. Exiguum, ditto. L(Evigatum ; ofif Emsworth harbour, dead ; rare. Edule, common cockle; Emsworth harbour; common. Fas datum ; salt-water pool at Slipper Marsh. Mactra, Stultorum, ditto, dead; not common, Subtruncata, ditto; common. Lutraria, ditto; not common. Listeri, ditto ; mostly dead. Tenuis, ditto. Venus, Verrucosa, ditto; common. Islandica, ditto, dead; not common. Escoleta, ditto. Decussata, pulder, ditto; very common. Pullastra, ditto. Virginea, ditto. Aurea, ditto. OsTREA, Varia, Squius, EmsAvorth harbour; commou. Edulis, common oyster; ditto. Anojiia, Ephippium, croAV oyster; ditto, Squamula, ditto, on the shell Mytilus edulis, &c. Mytilus, Edulis, common muscle, Emsworth harbour, common. Pellucidus, ditto, off Emsworth harbour. Modiolus ; young shells off Emsworth harbour. 324 APPENDIX. UNIVALVE. Cypr^ea, Pediculus ; Emsworth harbour ; not common. UNIVALVE SHELLS, About the 4th of September the oyster-dredging commences in Laagstone and Chichester harbours, both which places are famous for the quantity and quality of their fish. They are sold at one shilling the hundred. At the commencement of the fishing season, about fifty sail may be there seen, all occupied with dredging. Bulla, Hy datis ; Emsworth harbour: dead on the shore, with the animal, after gales of wind. Akera ; Emsworth harbour, dead on the shore, with the animal, after gales of wind. Fontinalis ; Emsworth mill-pond. Hypnorum ; in ditches. VoLUTA, Denticulata ; found amongst the rejectamenta of the sea in Erasworth harbour after gales of wind, Buccinum, Lapillus ; off Emsworth harbour : this species contains the celebrated Tyrian purple of the ancients, Undatum, whelk ; Emsworth harbour. Reticulatum, ditto. Variety of, ditto. Strombus, Pes pelecani ; Emsworth harbour, dead ; rare. MuREX, Erinaceus ; ofi" Emsworth harbour ; common, Anliquus, ditto. Trochus, Magus ; oft' Emsworth harbour ; comraon, Lineatus, ditto; not common. Zyizphinus, ditto : common. Turbo, Jugosus, ditto; rare, Littoreus, perriwinkle ; common. Rudis ; not common. Ulv(B ; common. Labiatus ; ditto. Elegans ; Rowland's Hill and Portsdown. Fontinalis ; EmsAvorth mill-pond. Nautilus, ditto, Clathratus ; off Emsworth harbour; rare; albed to the Turbo. NATURAL HISTORY. 825 Turbo, Scalaris ; that rare and valuable shell the wenteltrap. Truncatus ; among the rejectamenta of the sea after gales of wind. Subtruncatus, ditto. Nigricans ; stems of willow-trees ; Emsworth. Laminatus; Portsdown; rare. Perversus ; stems of willow-trees ; Emsworth. Muscorum ; Emsworth, amongst moss in woods. Helix, Lapicida; Rowland's Hill; rare. Planorbis ; Emsworth mill-pond and ditches. Vortex; Emsworth ditches ; common. Contorta ; Emsworth mill-pond ; not common. Alba, ditto. Font ana ; Emsworth mill-pond and ditches ; common. Paludosa ; Warblington marshes ; rare, Ericetorum ; Rowland's Hill; not common. Vir gat a, ditto, Caperata ; not common, Rufescens, ditto, Pantiana ; not common, Nitens ; in moss ; not common. Radiata; Emsworth; not common. Arbustorum; common, generally under the shade of the Urtica dioica ; common nettle, Nemoralis, ditto. Hortensis, ditto, Elegantissima, among the rejectamenta of the sea after gales of wind. Sybrica; Emsworth; not common. Palustris, common. Fossaria, ditto, Succinia, ditto, Putris, ditto, Tentaculata, ditto, LcBvigata; Emsworth harbour; rare. Nerita, Glaucina; Emsworth harbour. Palidula, common, Littoralis, not common. Patella, Vulgata, limpet; frequently on stones in Emsworth harbour, Oblonga; Emsworth mill-pond, on the stalks ofthe Iris pseudacorus. Grmca ; Emsworth harbour, dead ; rare, Dentalium, Entalis; sands off Emsworth harbour, dead and rare. 326 APPENDIX. Serpula, Spirorbis ; Emsworth harbour, on tbe Fucus serratus ; common. Triquetra ; stones and shells, Emsworth harbour. Teredo, Navalis ; on drift-wood on the shores; not common. PLANTS. MARITIMA, OR SEA- HOLLY, Salicornia, Herbacea, marsh samphire ; Emsworth. Veronica, Officinalis? common speedwell. Pseudacorus, yellow iris, or fleur-de-lis ; common. Galium, Verum, yellow bed-straw ; Emsworth. Mollugo, great hedge bed-straw ; ditto. Aparine, goose-grass, or cleavers ; Emsworth. Plantago, Major, greater plantain; ditto. Maritima, sea plantain ; ditto. Coronopus, buck's horn plantain ; ditto. LiTHOsPERMUM, Officinale, common gromwell. Symphytum, Officinale, common comfrey ; ditto. Borago, Officinalis, common borage ; Warblington and Bedhamp ton, Primula, Vulgaris, common primrose; the banks under the hedges are filled with them. NATURAL HISTORY. 327 Primula, Elatior, great cowsbp ; EmsAvoi-th ; not common. Veris, common cowslip ; ditto, common, Anagallis, ^rveresis, scarlet pimpernel ; ditto. CoNA'OLvuLus, >S'e^m»i, greater bind- Weed ; ditto. Arvensis, small bind-Aveed ; ditto, Verbascum, Thapsus, great muUein; ditto, Hyoscyamus, Niger, common henbane ; ditto, Atropa, Belladonna, deadly nightshade, SoLANUM, DM/cawftra, woody nightshade ; Emsworth. Beta, Maritima, sea-beet; ditto, CuscuTA, Spi^Az/WMm, lesser dodder ; Emsworth Common. Eryngium, Maritima, eringo, or sea-holly ; Hayling beach. Daucus, Carota, wild carrot; Emsworth. CoNiUM, Maculatum, common hemlock ; ditto, Crithmum, Maritimum, sea samphire; once found on the shore at Warblington. ChjErophyllum, Sylvestre, smooth cow-parsley; Emsworth, Pastinaca, Saliva, wild parsnip ; ditto, Anethum, Fceniculum, common fennel; ditto, Apium, Graveolens, smallage, or wild celery ; ditto, Sambucus, Ebulus, dwarf elder; Warblington and Havant, Statice, Armeria, thrift; Emsworth, Limonium, sea-lavender; EmsAvorth sea-shore, RuMEX, Aquaticus, great water-dock ; Emsworth mill-pond, .Acetosa, common sorrel ; Emsworth, Erica, Vulgaris, common heath ; Emsworth common, Agrostemma, Gj^^a^o, corn cockle ; Emsworth, Lychnis, Flos-cuculi, ragged-robin; ditto. Lythrum, /Sa/iceri«, purple loosestrife ; ditto. EuPATOttiA, Agrimonia, common agrimony; ditto. Reseda, Lnitea, wild mignonette ; ditto, Sempervivum, Tectorum, common houseleek ; ditto. SpiRiEA, Ulmaria, meadow-sweet; ditto. Geum, Urbanum, common avens; ditto. Chelidonium, Mojus, celandine; Emsworth and Warblington. Luteum, yellow-horned poppy; Hayling beach. Papaver, Rhceas, common red poppy ; Warblington, Nymph^a, Alba, white water-lily; ditto. Vulgaris, common columbine. Anemone, Nemorosa, Avood-anemone ; Emsworth Common. Verbena, O^ciraa/w, common vervaine ; ditto. Mentha, Arvensis, common mint; ditto. Glechoma, Hederacea, ground-ivy; ditto. Lamium, ^/6m)k, Avhite archangel ; ditto. 328 APPENDIX. yellow horned poppy. Galeobdolon, Luteum, yellow dead-nettle; found between Emsworth and Havant. Ballota, Nigra, stinking or black horehound ; Emsworth, Origanum, Vulgare, common marjoram ; ditto, Rhinanthus, Crista-galli, yellow rattle; ditto, Euphrasia, Officinalis, eye-bright; Emsworth Common, Digitalis, Purpurea, purple foxglove ; ditto, Thlaspi, Bursa pastoris, common shepherd's -purse ; ditto. Crambe, Maritima, sea-hale ; Hayling beach ; rare. Sisymbrium, Nasturtium, water-cresses; Havant and Emsworth. Erysimum, Officinale, common hedge mustard ; Emsworth. Malva, Sylvestris, common maUow ; ditto. Spartium,