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Yale Center for British Art and British Studies

HERBERT \V. KNOCKER,
I, Mitre Court Buildings,
TEMPLE, E.C. 4.

Crogto (BU OJhmf{k

PARISH REGISTER;

%\)t zmi)itQift Cl)arit?.

J. CORBET ANDERSON.

MDCCCLXXVIII.

CONTENTS

The Old CnmicH 
Steucttjeal Eeieospect ...
Advowson — Rectoes and Vicaes, etc.
Monuments and Epitaphs
Paeisii Eegistek ...
Wtll or Aechbishop Whitgift
Petition to the Eight Honoeable
THE Master dp the Eolls
Appendix — / Judge's Oedee eelating theeeto
Statement of Peoperty, etc., belong
ing to ApcHBif^HOP Whitgift's
Hospital

Page

163

to 174

175

— 192

193

— 217

218

— 247

248

— 255

257

— 262

263

— 271

272

274 — 276

ILLUSTEATIONS.

Plate XIII. — CEoyDON Old Cnxrucn after the Fire ... to face 192
Plate XIV. — Mill's Monument  226
Plate XV. — Archbishop Geindal's Monument... ... ... 226
Plate XVi. — Archbishop Whitgift's Monument ... ... 232
Plate XVII. — Muegateoid's Monument ... ... ... ... 232
Ptete XVIII. — Archbishop Sheldon's Monument... ... ... 236
Flate XIX. — Lower Portion of Archbishop Sheldon's Monu
ment ... ... ... ... ... 236
Plate XX. — Mrs. Bowling's Monument ... ... ... 242

Cuts in Text. — Initial Letter, page 163. Norman, Early English and Decorated
Fragments, Twenty Eepresentations of, on pages 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, and
183; "Window, 184; Ground Plan of Old Church, 186; Brackets and Corhel, 187;
Font, 187; Distemper Painting, 188, 190; Room over South Porch, 195; Facsimile
of First Verses of Coverdale's Bible, 204; Warhara's Tomb, 219; Six Brasses, 221,
222, 230, and 233 ; Tomb and Arms of Sir Nicholas Herone, 223, 224, and 225 ;
Facsimiles of Inscriptions on Mill's Monument, 226 ; EfBgy of Archbishop Grindal, 228 ;
P. Bourdieu's Monument, 241 ; Ten Maps of Lauds and Tenements belonging to the
Whitgift Charity.

onumentiB^ anD
:^ntiquities of
tl)e olD 0arifl)
C!)urcl) of ^t.
31o!)n tl)e Bap<
ttli at CropDon,
tDa0 DeftropeD
ftp fire on tl)e
mgl)t of 3)anuarj> \)t^ £@ticccl;i:t)u.

Geeat as the alteration is which the hand of man has
gradually wrought upon the aspect of our country, the
change is not so vast as that revolution in society which
the benign influences of Christianity have silently effected.
For aught we know to the contrary, where now the praises
of the Lamb are sung, in this bene or valley, once well
watered by running streams,* amid the recesses of that
primeval Coed the forest, traces of which still linger in
the neighbourhood of Croydon ; — here where the sacred

* Eunning streams were the objects of superstitious reverence with
our heathen forefathers. B

164 THE OLD CHURCH.
oak tree formerly flourished,* the cruel Druid may have
fired his colosscan image of wicker work full of human
victims sacrificed to appease the anger of his gods. Con
cerning so remote a period, little is known ; but it is
almost certain that a population once dwelt hereabouts
who knew not the true God, nor Jesus Christ whom He
hath sent; this, to our far-off ancestors was indeed a
valley of the shadow of death, for as yet the Sun of
Righteousness had not risen upon Britain.
Neither the time when, nor the circumstances under
which Croydon Church was originally founded are known.
We may infer that there was a structure dedicated to the
piirpose of Christian worship at Croydon, in the year 960,
since to the Will of Beorhtric and ^Ifswyth made about
this date, is witness, " Elfsies, the Priest of Croydon,"
Glpf lep y]\eoytey on CpojbEene ; f for it is not likely a
person would be so designated unless a fabric of some kind
was set apart for him to perform the ministerial office in.
And the building in which Elfsies officiated might have
been an old one even in his day, as centuries had already
passed by since Christianity had been brought to his
pagan Anglo-Saxon countrymen ; to say nothing of that
earlier introduction into Britain of the fflad tidino;s of

* The remaining indications of the primitive forest are now almost
confined to names, such as the "hursts" in this neighbourhood, Wood-
side, Norwood, etc. Yet so late as the close of the 1 7th century, Aubrey,
writing about Croydon, observed, " In this parish lies the great wood
oall'd Norwood, belonging to the See of Canterbury, wherein was an
antient remarkable Tree, call'd Vicar's Oak, where four parishes meet in
a point. This wood wholly consists of Oaks." The Mt. Eist. and Antiq.
of llie Connly of Surrey, vol. ii., p. 33.
t Codex Diplomaticus. A copy of the Will referred to is printed in
Lambarde's Perambulation of Kent.

'J'HE OLD CnUECH. 165
salvation by Christ, which momentous intelligence appears
to have first reached these shores when the Roman troops
were overrunning the southern portion of the island,
apparently about the time of the revolt of Boadicea,
A.D. 60*.

* Gildas. Tertullian, who wrote in the latter half of the 2nd century,
says: '' et Pritannorum inaccessa liomanis looa, Christo vero subdita ; and
those parts of Britain which were inaccessible to the Eomans, are
become subject to Christ. Tertul. Adv. Jadce, c. 7. Augustine landed
upon the Isle of Thanet, in the year 597, and shortly after sought and
obtained his celebrated interview upon the borders of Wales with the
bishops and chiefs of the British Church. By coupling TertuUian's
statement with the fact that soon after Augustine had landed to teach
the heathen Anglo-Saxons, he found upon the western side of the Island
a British church in full organization, it is evident the gospel must have
been introduced at a very early period into Britain. The Britons, in
fixing the festival of Easter, varied from the Euman practice, nor did
they baptize after the Eoman manner ; the liturgical service used by the
ancient British church also materially differed from the Eomish liturgy.
These peculiarities bespeak the high antiquity of the ancient British
church ; moreover, they imply that Christianity was first introduced into
these islands, not by missionaries from Eome, but from Asia, either by
direct communication, or through the churches of Gaul. The signatures
of three British bishops are appended to the canons enacted at the
Council of Aries, convened a.d. 314. Fathers of the British Church
also appeared at the Council of Sardis, held a.d. 347, and at Eimini,
A.D. 359.
In Ireland and in Scotland, in the fifth and sixth centuries (before
Augustine landed) were Christian schools famous for their learning, viz.,
St. Finian, at Clonard, near the Boyne, and the renowned seminary at
the Isle of Hy or lona, in the Hebrides. Ven. Bode ; Arehhp. Usher.
From the convent of Bangor, in North Wales, also missionaries spread
the knowledge of the Scriptures far and wide. The ancient British or
Celtic Christians do not indeed receive the credit which is their due in
the great work of Anglo-Saxon conversion; for, although at one period,
owing to the wrongs which they had suffered from the Saxons, they
seemed determined not to attempt the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon

166 THE OLD CHURCH.
Some missionary man it ma)^ have been, who, with
spirit stirred within him as he contemplated the ignorance
and idolatry around, selecting a spot of land near a
running brook,* and clearing it with axe, then out of the
felled timber constructed here an oratory. Rude although
it may have been, still this was a temple in which the
living and true God might be worshipped. The humble
house of prayer was reared just at the turn of the well-
trodden path, leading to where, close by, stood a fane of
the false god — the deity our pagan Teuton forefathers fell
down before, whose memory is still preserved in the name
given to the fourth day of the week ; for Woden or Odin,
dread furious one, claimed to be lord of IDobnes-bEeg
(Wednesday). Under some such circumstances as these
it may have been that an eremite or monk architect put
together the first Christian temple in Croydon. f
Or does the old Parish Church of Croydon owe its
origin to that scheme of able Archbishop Theodor, when,
planning the establishment in England of a parochial
clergy,:]: and guided by an usage of his native Asia, with
race, yet it is certain that "the northern half of Anglo-Saxon Britain
was indebted for its conversion to Christianity, not to Augustine and
the Italian mission, but to the Celtic missionaries who passed through
Bernioia and Deira into East Anglia, Mercia, and even Wessex." Dean
ITook. * The river Wandle originally took its rise from various sources, a
little to the east and south of Croydon Church. Until recently, it
coursed in two streamlets, one upon the north, and the other past the
south side of the church.
t The place now called Waddon, anciently IVoddens, is not more than
a quarter -of-a-mile distant from Croj'don Church.
X The Anglo-Saxon Church, its ITist., etc., by Henry Soames, M.A.,
pp. 74-5. Other writers, including Camden, state that "Honorius'
Archbishop of Canterbury (a predecessor of Theodor), about the year

THE OLD CHURCH. 167
the sanction of King iEthelstan, he urged upon opulent
proprietors the expediency of building and endowing
churches upon their lands; by way of encouragement,
offering them the right of patronage to the churches they
might erect. Hence, the origin of existing rights of
patronage, and since some estates were large, whilst others
were small, this accounts for the unequal sizes of parishes.
If the Church here was founded under the latter circum
stances, then we may presume that the marsh-environed,
wattled stronghold of the opulent thegn who reared it,
occupied the site adjoining the churchyard, where now
stand the remains of tlie Archiepiscopal palace ; for it is
likely the Saxon noble would consult his own convenience
and that of his household, and choose a spot whereon to
erect his Church near his own residence.
Yet, wherever situate, or whatever may have been the
antiquity or structural character of the fabric in which he
officiated, certain it is we find that, about a.d. 960, Elfsies
was the joriest of Croydon.
The 10th century was one of the darkest in the intellectual
night. In contrast to the apostolic simplicity of that band
who, in singleness of heart and holy fear mingled with
gladness, and relying upon their risen Lord, went forth
from au upper room at Jerusalem to evangelize the world,
the Church in the West now presented the spectacle of a
vast and mysterious ecclesiastical polity which had gradu
ally arisen out of the ruins of ancient and pagan Rome.
636, first began to separate parishes in England." GougKs Brit., Vol. I.,
p. clxxxix. Archbishop Theodor was solemnly enthroned at Canter
bury, A.D. 668. The complete organization of the ecclesiastical power in
England, appears to have been effected by Theodor : " Isque primus erat
in Archiepiscopis, cui oninis Anglorum acclesia manus dare consentiret.^''—
Beda, H. E. iv. 2.

168 THE OLD CHURCH.
Scriptural religion had become undermined. The supre
macy over all the Kings and princes of the earth of "the
servant of the servants of God," as the Pope with ostenta
tious liumility styled himself, was established; and a
sacerdotal class who deemed themselves invested with
superior sanctity, separated from, and assumed absolute
despotism over the laity.
The Anglo-Saxon Church and the English princes,
however, never yielded a servile obedience to the See of
Rome. Yet vital religion everywhere was suffocated beneath the
thick folds of superstition and ignorance. Literary
appliances were scarce and costly, and the scant learning
of the time was confined to the clergy. The pure Word
of God was not then, as it now is, accessible to every
reader, for altliough many of the churches were furnished
with books, yet, as most of these were written in the
Latin language, very few even of the clergy understood
them. "Very few were they," says King JElfred, "on
this side the Humber (the most civilised part of England)
who could understand tlieir daily praj'crs in English, or
translate any letter from the Latin. I think there were
not many beyond the Humber ; tliey were so few that I
indeed cannot recollect oiw simjle instance on the south of
the Thames, when I took the Kingdom."* It is said that
King iElfred provided ancient England Avith a Bible in
her native tongue.f .^Elfred tlie Great died on the 26th
day of October, in the j-ear 900 or 901, and although
Alfred's plans for the improvement of tlie education of

* Alfred's Preface, p. 9,2— Wise's Asser.
t Spelm, nt. ^mf., M. 167. The authority for this is au ancient
History of Ely.

THE OLD CHURCH. 169
his people diminished the evil he complained of, yet succeed
ing turbulent times incident upon a renewal of the Danish
invasion, tended to thwart the enlightened measures of
the Anglo-Saxon king.
The dogma of the infallibility of the Pope, encounters
a difficulty in the character of John XII., who was sove
reign pontiff in the year 960, since there is no circum
stance in history better attested than the fact that this
Pope was solemnly deposed on account of mui-der, adultery,
and other heinous crimes.
A.D. 960. This was the year in which St. Dunstan, as
he is commonly called, having been appointed primate of
the Anglo-Saxons, received the pallium from Pope John.*
Returning to England, Dunstan signalized his advent to
power by expelling the married secular clergy from their
benefices, and obtruding into their places monks of the
Benedictine rule. Yet, whether the Saxon priest of Croy
don suffered from the new-fangled celibatic notions of his
ecclesiastical superior, or otherwise, we have no means of
determining. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in—
"An. DCCCC.LXXV.
Here ended
the joys of earth,
Eadgar of Angles King,
chose him another light,
beauteous and winsome,
and left this frail,
this barren life."
Or, as it is expressed in another version of the same,
probably cotemporary authority : —

* Flor. Wig.

170 THE OLD CHURCH.
"A. 975. The 8th before the Ides of July.
Here Eadgar died,
ruler of Angles,
West-Saxons' joy,
and Mercians' protector.
* * * *
* * * *
Kings him widely
bowed to the King,
as was his due by kind.
No fleet was so daring,
nor army so strong,
that 'mid the English nation
took from him aught,
the while that the noble king
ruled on his throne."
After all said, however, what more was it than a slip of
land that acknowledged this whilom potent Anglo-Saxon
"Basileus" as lord, compared to the widespread extent of
those dominions over which King Eadgar's descendant,
our Sovereign Lady, sways her sceptre — an Empire upon
which the sun never sets ! Great indeed has been the
progress of the nation since Elfsies the priest of Croydon
lived. It was Eadgar who, in order to extirpate these ferocious
animals from the country, commuted the tribute from
Wales in 300 wolves' heads.
Scarce had King Eadgar departed, than the dread
heathen Vikingr of the North, in long gilt-prowed craft,
with Reafen ominously flouting at mast-head, bore down
upon ill-fated Saxon England, which, disunited and dis
tracted, quickly succumbed lo Suein. It was in the year
1014 that Suein added to his other titles that of "full
King of England," and in the same year he died suddenly.

THE OLD CHURCH. 171
The Danish army then elected Cnut or Canute, Suein's
son, to be his successor, and it is within the range of
possibility that Elfsies may still have been doing duty as
the aged priest of Croydon, when, in 1017, King Cnut
commenced to rule over all England, The Dane swore to
be just and benevolent, and touched the hands of the
principal chiefs in token of his sincerity.
Although the son of an apostate, Cnut displayed great
zeal for the Church. He discountenanced the eating of
horse-flesh in honor of Odin. With the view to still
further discourage the old Pagan creed, and stem that host
of heathen superstitions, which clung with the inveteracy
of ancient association to the recent Danish converts, Cnut
enacted laws against witchcraft and charms, the worship
of stones, fountains, runes by ash and elm, and the in
cantations that do homage to the dead. We may take it
for granted, therefore, that the rule of this Anglo-Danish
monarch had a tendency to strengthen, rather than
weaken, the hands of the Christian priest at Croydon.
But Cnut the Great, " Basileus " or Emperor of the
Anglo-Saxons, Scots, Britons, Swedes, Danes, and Nor
wegians, passed away in 1035, when his empire, as had
been the case with the empire of Charlemagne, fell to
fragments. For another six years Saxon England groaned
under the partial and oppressive imposts of Harold and
Hardacnut, and then, not far from where Croydon Church
stands, at Clapham, Clapa-ham, the ham or home of Clapa,
the last-named intemperate ruffian fell down dead at the
marriage feast of one of his nobles, as "he stood at his
drink."* With Hardacnut expired the Scandinavian
domination over England.
* Saxon Chron., An. 1041 ; another version recounts the circumstance

172 THE OLD CHURCH.
What a picture is here presented to us of the manners
of that early period throughout which it is probable a
succession of men, ignorant and grossly superstitious
although they may have been, yet let us hope in sincerity,
from the very spot where Croydon Church now stands,
taught the Word of life — truly a light shining in a dark
place !
It was in the year of our Lord 1041, that, amid every
demonstration of Saxon affection, Edward the Confessor,
as he is named, was crowned, in Winchester Cathedral
King of all England. The long and comparatively peace
ful reign of the monk-King was distinguished by a church-
building activity, and it is not unlikely that the fabric, if
of timber, and still standing, in which Elfsies preached,
was then pulled down, and a new Church built at Croydon
upon the model of those stone structures which Edward
had so good an opportunity of examining during his pro
tracted exile in Normandy.
The earliest direct notice of Croydon Church is in
Domesday Book, An entry in that venerable record
relates to the manor of Croydon : it contains the words
"ibi eccli," signifying here a church. At the time of the
survey there was, in the County of Surrey, one abbey,
one monastery, one nascent convent, sixty-four churches,
and three chapels.* Our old Parish Church, therefore, is
a Saxon foundation.

under An. 1042, to which year Ii. Hovedcn also assigns it. Clapham
was formeily in the parish of Lambeth.
* In Sharon Turner's Hist, of the Anglo-Saxons, B. viii., c. 9, the
number of churches assigned to Surrey at the period of the survey is
sixty-two; but a scrutiny of the Surrey Domesday yields the above list.

THE OLD CHURCH. 173
The fabric is dedicated to St. John the Baptist — a holy
and remarkable character: his raiment was of camel's
hair ; a leathern girdle was about his loins ; his meat was
locusts and wild honey: he drank neither wine nor strong
drink. If the first church erected in this county was reared in
our parish, there would be a peculiar significance in the
dedication of Croydon Church to the forerunner of Christ.
Or does the dedicatory title of Croydon Church contain
an allusion to the particular circumstances of the site or
locality upon which it was planted ; originally, in fact, an
island, surrounded by running streams and a morass.
That at the first introduction of Christianity to the Pagan
Anglo-Saxons, before they had time to erect churches, it
was not unusual openly to baptize the converts in rivers
or streams, in a way similar to that practised by John the
Baptist in the Jordan, appears from the relation of Vener
able Bede. A very old man told Deda, Abbot of Parteney,
that he himself in the presence of Edwin, chief of the
Angles, who lived on the north side of the River Humber
(the North-IIumbrians) had been baptized with a great
many others in the Trent at noon- day by bishop Paulinas.
Deda personally conveyed this information to Bede, by

and there may have been even then other churches in this County, for
wonderfully accurate as the great record of William the Conqueror
generally is, yet as an illustration that the Domesday commissioners
sometimes erred, we may cite the case of Attingham Church, in Shrop
shire, which is not mentioned in Domesday, although we know that
Ordericus Vitalis, the celebrated chronicler, was baptized in it in the
year 1075, prior to the compilation of the Shropshire Domesday. Ord.
Vital. Eccl. Hist. Eng. and Nor., B. v., c. 1, and B. xiii., c. 45.

174 THE OLD CHURCH.
whom the interesting tradition has been handed down to
us.* The old Parish Church of St. John the Baptist at Croy
don was burnt down on Saturday night, January the 5th,
1807.

* Ven. Bede, Eccl. Eist. of Eng., B. ii., c. 16.

^trurtural laetrofpett.

After the fire, when large portions of the fabric fell, or
were pulled down, and the plaster was stripped from the
walls, moreover, as the area was excavated preparatory to
rebuilding, various interesting revelations were made con
cerning our Parish Church. The ground plan of amore
ancient House of Prayer, which had occupied the same
site, could be clearly traced : indeed the builders of the
latter appear to have religiously preserved, as far as they
could, the foundations of the former. As each successive
alteration was made in the character of the structure, the
old wails were merely pierced or taken down to the required
level, but the ancient foundations were not disturbed.
In respect to the period involved in an attestation of a
priest of Croydon at so early a date as the year 960, it
cannot be said that any portion of the lately destroyed
Church could be identified as Saxon. No rude balluster
shafts were discovered, or " long and short work " — nothing
of the kind. It is doubtful if, amid the debris of Croydon
Church, there was a single fragment of character so de
cidedly Anglo-Norman, as that it might be affirmed of it,
this is a relic of the Church standing here when the Con-

170

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

qucvor's Connnissioners visited the place. The carving
which apparently has the best claim to be considered as
] laving belonged to the fabric that existed here when
Domesday was compiled is represented by the cut sub-
_^  joined. The rude imita
tion of the Ionic volute,
and the dotted ornament
visible in this mutilated
fragment of a small capi
tal, impart to it a resem
blance to the huge capital
of the respond or half-
pillar attached to the wall on the right hand as you enter
the Chapel of the White Tower. This Chapel in the
Tower of London was built previously to the demise of
the Conqueror in the year 1087.* Figs. 2 and 3 belong to the
Late Norman era : a.d. 1135 to
A.D. 1210. The square form
and peculiar sunk channel or
indent in the abacus of the
former, and the zigzag carv
ing on the latter certify these
stones to have been wrought
within the peiiod embraced
by the dates mentioned
above. It was from out of the north Avail of the old

Fig.

* In the Abbey Church of St. Etienne erected about a.d. 1066, and
also in the Abbey of the Holy Trinity at Caen, dedicated 18th June,
1006, are capitals somewhat similar to the one delineated above. See
(_'otman's Architectural Eistory of Normandij.

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

177

chancel that Fig. 3 was taken. To the Late Norman era
also may be assigned the frag
ments of Croydon Old Church,
from whence Figs. 4, 5 and 6
were sketched. Several slight
variations of Fig. 6 were
found. Besides the zigzag, of which
Fig. 5 is an enriched specimen.

Fig. 3.

178

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

the cable moulding was a decorative detail peculiar to the
style in vogue at the
])oriod of which we are

treating.

a,"^^^:;

Fig. 7.

Of the cable
moulding, however, I
could only see one bit,
and it was enriched with
a dotted ornament. From
this stone was sketched
Fig. 7.
I wish it bad lain in my power to display to the eye of
the reader something more pretentious than sketches of
carvings, in design so simple and commonplace; some
mysterious symbolical Norman sculpture for instance, such
as that fine series in Kilpeck Church.* It is the duty of
the chronicler, however, to record things as he finds them,
and uninteresting although these drawings may appear toA^
many, nevertheless they re
present the relics of that
house of prayer in which our
forefathers worshipped more
than 600 years ago.
Several other fragments
were found bearing the im
press of a liigh antiquity.
Of such was the head here
drawn. Fig. 8 ; the original
is vast. To the Late Norman suc
ceeded the Early English
])cri()d of Gothic arcliitec- jrjg §

* Sco Illuistratioiis of Ivilpeck Church, Herefordshire, by G. E. Lewis.

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

179

ture, which prevailed generally throughout the 13th cen
tury, A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1300. By this time the massive
Norman, with its heavy semi- circular arch, had been
entirely superseded by a lighter and more elegant descrip
tion of structure in which the pointed arch was used. In
the earlier development of this style, neither mullions nor
tracery appeared in windows, which, as yet, were mere
lancet-headed long and narrow apertures, consisting of
one, two, or more lights. Of the Early English style, the
tooth, or dog-tooth ornament is the
peculiar distinction. This ornament
appears to be an advance from the
Norman zigzag ; much dog-tooth or
nament was found amid the debris of
Croydon Church (see Figs. 9 and 10).
Some Early English work is pre
served in the arched aperture in the
north wall of chancel
of our new Church.
Fig. 11 represents the
trefoil base of a small
clustered column. The
other base (Fig. 12) has
a notch-like ornament
in the hollow of the
moulding, seen in some
parts of the north of
France, yet seldom met
with in this country.
In an architectural as
well as antiquarian
sense, therefore, the
y- jQ latter is an interesting

180
relic.

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECl'.
The fragment is classified as Early English ; with
some of the other remains so
classed, however, it may have be
longed to that Croydon Church
concerning which we read that
^gidius de Audenardo was rec
tor in the year 1282.
Fig. 13 was drawn from frag-
mental remains, apparently of a
huge circular column ; a deep
hollow and bold round mouldings
are characteristic of Early Eng
lish work. Two other
fragments are delineated
in Fig. 14 ; unlike the
former, these have an
angular character. Per
haps the arcading that
separated the nave from
the side aisles of the
ancient Church rested on

Fig, 11.

Fis- 13.

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

181

pillars alternately octagonal and round. In either instance,
the stones delineated bore traces of coloured decoration.
A hand holding a book is visible in the one ; in this the
colours used were crimson or red, yellow ochre, black or
dark brown, and white. In Fig. 14 the colours are crim-

Fig. 14.
son, yellow, and black. For centuries these painted
fragments had been embedded in the north pier of the
chancel arch.
The Decorated period succeeded that of the Early En
glish ; it was distinguished for its large windows divided
by intricate and delicately moulded mullions branching
into flowing tracery in the head. For graceful natural
design, and beautiful execution, stone carving reached the
highest perfection it has yet attained during the Decorated
era; yet all was subordinate to the grand design of the
building. The Decorated Englisli style lasted for about
one hundred years, from the latter part of the 13th to the
latter part of the 14th century.

182

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

Very few evidences of the glorious Decorated era were
found amid the ruins of Croy
don old Church. Some, how
ever, were discovered ; of such
is Fig. 15, representing a man's
face peeping through some
leaves. The identical frag
ment from whence this was
sketched is now a terminal to
the label round the aperture
previously referred to
in the north wall of
chancel of the present
Church, having been
placed there for the
sake of preservation.
The filleted mould-
Fig. 16. ing attached to the
mutilated owl's head represented in Fig. 16, and that
more elaborate moulding shown in Fig. 17, enable us to
decide that some portion at least of a
Church formerly standing here be
longed to the Decorated period.
There were no mouldings or tracery
to be seen in the destroyed Church
equal to those suggested by Figs. 18
: ' and 19.
I With the exception of two lights
j or windows at the west end of its
Fig. 17. aisles, the fabric of St. John the
Baptist recently burnt down belonged to the end of the
14th or early part of the 15th century. The sketch sub-

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

183

-^"""^^

Fig. 18

joined. Fig. 20, represents one of the windows referred
to. These lights had broad splays, and the tracery in
their heads was of a simple character. They were alike
in pattern, but they essen
tially differed from all the
other windows in the de
stroyed fabric, the latter
being perpendicular in cha
racter, and in keeping with
the structure they lit, where
as the two former belonged
to a transition period, be
tween the Early English
and Decorated eras. Yet
ancient although these
lights were, when the
west wall of the fabric
was stripped prepara
tory to its being re-
flinted, it was discover
ed that the Early De
corated windows had
,' been inserted in place
/' of still older windows.
It is certain that, pre
viously to the fire, the
walls of Croydon
Church had been thrice
pierced ; and the pre
sumption is that this succession of lights exhibited a
design in harmony with the general character which the
fabric bore at the respective dates of their insertion.

Fig. 19.

184

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

-j)\

'i 'iV^,< i

I

LI

I

1

il

whether this occurred during the Late Norman, Early
English, Decorated, or Perpendicular j)eriods.*
Ifr is an interesting fact that the
walls of Croydon Church were
found to be full of Norman, Early
English, and Decorated fragments;
debris of a former structure, or
structures, reverently used up. A
sculptured history of our country
may lie embedded in the walls of
our old parish churches : stones
wrought by Saxon and Norman
hands, by men who lived in the
stormy time of the Usurper, or
who fought in the Welsh and
Scottish wars of King Edward the
First. The accompanying drawing is a ground plan of the
fabric destroyed in 1867. The old Church of St. John
the Baptist, Croydon, consisted of a nave (1), north aisle
(2), south aisle (3), chancel (4), a western tower (5), a south
porch (6), a north porch (7), north chancel aisle, or St.
Mary's chancel (8), south chancel aisle, or St. Nicholas's
chancel (9), and a sacristy or vestry (10). It has been
already observed that this was Avhat is technically known as a
Perpendicular structure. It is conjectured that the work of
rebuilding, or rather converting, Cro}'don Church into a Per
pendicular fabric was commenced by Archbishop Courtenay,
from the circumstance of the arms of this prelate {or,
three torteaux) having formerl)- been affixed to the north

Fig. 20.

* Indications of some of the ancient windows have been preserved
in the north and soutli walls of our new church.

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT. 185
entrance; and to the same heraldic authority we are
indebted, when we place the date of its completion in the
days of Archbishop Chicheley, whose arms (argent, a
chevron gules, between three cinquefoils of the last) were
carved at the side of the western or principal entrance.
The Perpendicular style of architecture, exhibited by
the late structure, attained its purest development towards
the end of the 14th, and in the early part of the 15tli
centuiy ; exactly the period embraced by the archiepisco-
pates of the alleged rearers of the fabric.
If any confirmation were required to prove that the late
building was only an alteration and enlargement of a
Church which for ages previously had stood upon the
very same spot, it would be found in the circumstance
that there is no record of the consecration of Croydon
Church. The rule of the Canon Law is never to consecrate
a Church unless it has been consumed by fire, desecrated,
or built upon unconsecrated ground. It follows, therefore,
that if this had been a new fabric, reared upon a fresh
site, its consecration would have appeared in the register
of the archbishop in whose time it was built.
The changes made in the ground plan towards the close
of the 14tli and at the commencement of the 15th centuries
appear to have consisted in the addition of the south
porch (6), two chauntries or chapels at the east end of the
aisles (8, 9), and a vestry (10). In length, from east to
west, and in breadth, from north to south, the fabric under-
Avent no change ; this was proved by the great antiquity
of the lower parts of the walls.

186

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

Ground Tlaii of Croydon Chiirdi, destroyed 1867.
A Font. T, Pulpit. c Prayer Desk. D Lectem. e Piscina. F a Holy Water
Stoups. H I Altar Tombs recently <liscoYerc(l. j Mills's Monument, k Archbishop
Grindal's Monument, l Monument by Flaxman. M Ellis Davy's Tomb. N Herone's
Monument, o Grave of John Singleton Copley, p Murgatroid's Monument, a Arch
bishop Whitgift's ^Monument, ii Warham's Monument, s Archbishop Sheldon's Monu
ment. T Grave of Archbishop Potter, ti Grave of Archbishop Hen-ing. v Grave of
Archbishop Wake, w Stove that burnt down the Cburch. x Palace.

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

187

There was a curious series of rudely carved corbels and
brackets in Croydon old Church; the majority were

grotesques, yet some represented human faces, others were
floral in character, whilst upon one a bird was carved,
with eggs in a nest.
The font, which was of
an octagonal form, is sup
posed to have been coeval
with the Perpendicular fab
ric ; it had quatrefoil panels
on its sides, filled alter
nately with grotesque heads
and roses. Not a vestige
of the font survived the
fire. Font.

188

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

In the chancel stood a brass eagle, with extended wings ;
this was the ancient lectern. Saved from the conflagration
it now stands in the new Church.* "In the Rebellion,"
says Aubrey, " one Bleese was hir'd for half-a-Crown per
Day, to break the painted Glass-Windows, which were
formerly fine."f
The organ, a remarkably fine one, erected in 1794, was
the work of Avery, who always considered it to be his
cJief-d\euore. When the Church was cleaned in 1844, distemper paint-
ino' was discovered on the south wall. A saint of colossal
proportions, with a club, was depicted, sustaining a small

* The following extract from the parish register relates to this
lectern: — "June, 1729. James Marsh pulled y" eagle in y'' church
upon him, and cutt his hand & bload to death, about 8 years old &
buried y'' 1 1.''
¦[ The Natural Eistory and Antiquities of the County of Su/-rey, Vol. II.,
p. ;J0.

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT. 189
figure, the foot of which is visible in the accompanying
cut. Near the giant a little cherub appeared, sounding a
trumpet, over a monk holding a lantern. On the other
side was a semcircularly arched and portcullised embattled
gateway, over which, at a small quadrangular window in
a wall, were represented a king and queen.*
Another and still more interesting specimen of rude
mural decoration was found on the south wall of Croydon
Church when the gallery was removed in September, 1857 :
from it I made the drawing on page 190. The sloping line of
the gallery is indicated both in the sketch of the saint with
the club, and in the sketch of the knight ; the position
the knight occupied relatively to the giant being shov,m
by the figure 8. The armour of the knightly figure
appears to be of the description known as cuirbouilli,
namely, leather boiled in oil. This moulded into any
form, and becoming hard enough to resist a sword-cut,
was frequently used as a substitute for plate armour, "f
The restoration of the interior of Croydon Church,
which had been commenced in the year 1851, under the
superintendence of the eminent arcliitect, Mr. (now Sir)
G. Gilbert Scott, was advanced a stage further in 1857,
and finally completed in 1859.
The fire which deprived the inhabitants of Croydon
of their old Parish Church was occasioned by the over
heating of a flue-pipe : this ignited at its south-west corner

* Gentleman's Magazine, August, 1845.
•i" It is amazing to what an extent this practice of painting in churches
was carried at one period in this country. The diary of William
Dowsing, who was appointed Parliamentary Visitor for the County of
Suffolk to "smash and break the "superstitious pictures and ornaments
of churches," will give the reader an idea.

190

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT.

Supposed Sulijeet—^'i'. Geouge slaying the Duagox .vnd

DELIVERING "i-eLadv S.UiuA." Presumed date, the Utli ceiilun

STRUCTURAL RETROSPECT. 191
the roof of the nave, at a distance of thirty-five feet from
the stove. Owing to a temporary interruption in its supply,
no water could be procured until it was too late to be of
use. With mysterious celerity the flames stole eastward
along the varnished pitch-pine roof, and then broke out
en masse over the chancel, exactly the opposite end of the
Church to that in which the fire had been first observed.
A south-easterly gale blew hard at the time. Grappling
with the flames, as these burst from the roof, the angry
wind hurled them with fearful vehemence back to the
north-west. It was a sublime scene to witness the fiery
whirlwind assault, in mid-night, the grand old tower of
Croydon Church.
The vast roof fell in at half-past eleven o'clock, just
half an hour after it had ignited. Soon after the breaking
out of the conflagration a snowstorm commenced, and
millions of sparks, caused by the falling in of the roof,
now mingling with snow-flakes, presented a dazzling
spectacle. It was a singularly beautiful, yet terrible sight,
also to behold the flames as they burst through the
gorgeous stained glass windows, and displayed hues the
most magnificent.
Soon after the roof fell it became evident that the tower
had caught fire. It would have been little short of a
miracle indeed if, in the face of such a fiery hurricane as
the one which on that night spent its fury upon the tower
of Croydon Church, its contents had been saved. As it
was, the fire penetrated into the lower storey through an
unlucky aperture specially cut for ventilation during the
restoration. The flames then made their way into the
higher storeys of the tower, up which they presently
roared, as in the chimney of a huge blast furnace. The
bells melted with the great heat as they hung, all of them.

192 STRUCTURxAL RETROSPECT.
excepting the big tenor, which falling, smashed through
the stone roof of the vaulted space under the tower, and
came to the ground with a thud. A blackened carcase of
tower and skeleton outer walls were all that survived the
conflagration.

Plate XIII.

CllOYDOX OLD CIItJECII.
[After the Fire.)

:^ti^otDfon— iaettom anti Mmxs, etc.
The Church of St. John the Baptist, Croydon, is in the
peculiar jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury,
and was formerly both a Rectory and a Vicarage. The
original endowment of the Vicarage cannot be discovered,
but Henry de la Rye was presented to this Vicarage in
the year 1289 by vEgidius de Audenardo, the then Rector.
An ancient instrument, dated at Maidenston, 2nd of June,
in the year 1348, in the time of Archbishop Stratford,
whose register is lost, is preserved in that of Archbishop
Courtney, and contains an ordination made by Archbishop
Stratford of what tithes were then to belong to the Rectors
and Vicars of Croydon, respectively. Of this instrument
the following is an abstract* : —
Archbishop Stratford, having of his mere pastoral office
called before him — " John de Torneford, and John de
llorstede, perpetual vicar of Croydon, cites them to lay
the ordination of the portion of the said vicarage, if they
have any, on a certain day and place, before his commis
sary appointed for that purpose ; they appear and assert
* The instrument itself is copied at length in the Appendix of
Ducarel : see also Stetnman's Eistory of Croydon, Appendix.

194 ADVOWSON.
that they had no such ordination, and pray that he would
settle the portion which each of them is to receive, accord
ing to the true annual value of the fruits, profits, and
income of the said rectory. Accordingly, with the con
sent of the rector and vicar, regard being had to the
income and the charges of the said Church, it is decreed,
that the rector of the said Church for the time being,
shall have all the great tithes within the said parish, viz.,
those of corn, hay, falls of wood and timber cut within
the bounds of the parish, all live mortuaries due at funerals,
and a moiety of the tithes of lambs, which are to be
tithed per capita, and are due by custom or right within
the said parish, and also a pension of eight marks to be
paid in equal portions on the Feast of St. Michael, Christ
mas-Day, Easter, and the Nativity of John the Baptist,
by the vicar of the said Church for the time being, and
all other incomes, fruits, and profits of the said Church not
hereafter allotted to the vicar. The vicar to have and to
hold the house belonging to the said vicarage, with the
garden thereunto adjoining, as also all, and all manner of
oblations in the said Church of Croydon : likewise a
moiety of the tithes of lambs, which are to be tithed per
capita, and also the money arising by custom or right
from those lambs that are not tithed per capita ; also all
tithes of wool, calves, pigs, geese, ducks, pigeons, cheese,
milk, butter, herbage, apples, pears, and other fruits, as
well those growing in gardens and orchards, as those that
are dug out of the earth ; as also tithes of flax, mustard,
eggs, merchandise, and of mills built or to be built within
the bounds of the said parish, and all other small tithes
which are not before allotted to the rector, as also all
legacies left to the said Church which the rectors or vicars
may receive, and have by right or custom, and also all

ADVOWSON.

195

dead mortuaries in any manner belonging to the said
Church. The said vicars are also by themselves and
another priest to perform divine service in the said Church,
and to have the ministering of the bread, wine, candles,
and all other and singular necessaries belonging to the
celebration of the divine offices. They are also to find
such books, surplices, vestments, and ornaments of
the said Church as are usually found by rectors or
vicars by custom or right. They are also to pay
the tenths and other impositions usually laid upon the
Church- of England on any occasion, according to the
known taxation of £10 sterling, at which the said vicarage
is taxed. It is also decreed that the rector shall repair
the chancel of the said Church, viz., its roofs and walls

Room over South Porch.

within and without, and be at the expense of all ordinary
and extraordinary charges happening to the said Church ;
and it is also decreed, that the vicar and his successors shall
D

196 ADVOWSOX.
make oath upon the Holy Evangelists to the rector, that
they will be guilty of no fraud or deceit by themselves or
others, publickly or privately, in the portion due to the
rector, nor usurp anything to themselves. Lastly, the
Archbishop reserves to himself and his successors the
power of augmenting or lessening the income of this
vicarage, if he shall think proper so to do."
In the archives of the Bodleian Library is an ancient
" Valor Beneficiorum," compiled in the twentieth year of
King Edward I., which formerly belonged to Sir Henry
Spelman. Of this, generally known as Pope Nicholas's
Taxation Roll, so much as relates to Surrey is printed in
the Appendix to Aubrey's Perambulation of that county,
in which, amongst other particulars, may be found
" Decanatus de Croyndon,
Ecclesia de Croyndon val. Lx. marc.
Viearia ejusdem val. xv. marc."
In 1534, the vicarage was valued at 211. 18s. liyi.,*
and in Ecton's Thesaurus Rerum Ecclesiasticarum it is
thus stated : —
Clear ( Croydon V. (St. John Baptist) fPecull ") „
)td D- 1 T3 / ^/ Yearly tenths,
yearly value < Pens. Prior, de liermondsey ^

) • ..- , -r. V, ^'^ '.""".. . I 21. 3s. lOd.
(cv

4ol. Os. Od. ( cvis. viiirf. Eedd. Mansion. iifZ.

In the Liber Regis, the vicarage, discharged of the
pajmient of first-fruits, is rated at 21/. 18s. 9d.
In the eleventh year of King Edward IL, there was an
" Inqioisitio ad qnod. damnum,'''\' previous to an exchange
between Archbishop Reynolds and the Prior and Convent
of Bermondsey of the advowson of this Church, then be-

* Eog. Winton, Fox, pi. 5.
f Inquisitio ad quod damnum, 11 Ed. 2, m. 36.

ADVOWSOX. 197
longing to the Archbishop, with the latter, for 28/. 12s. lid.,
in Wichesflete, containing one hide of land and two mills,
with the appm-tenances, in Southwark. It would seem
that subsequent to this inquisition, and the return upon it,
is the instrument in Archbishop Reynolds' Register,*
appropriating the Church of Croydon to the Convent of
Bermondsey, of which instrument the substance is, that
since the revenues of the Convent are greatly diminished
by an inundation, and its income miserably reduced, to
prevent the said Convent being irrecoverably dissolved,
the Archbishoj) appropriates to it this Church. This act
is not dated, but by the foregoing and succeeding acts,
it seems to have been entered in this Register about
October, 1320. The document is cancelled in the Register,
and probably this appropriation never took place, for when
vacancies occurred, the succeeding Archbishops continued
to present to this rectory till the time of Archbishop
Courtney. According to the Register of Archbishop
Courtney, in his time, however, an exchange was made of
this Advowson for the Manor of Waddon, between that
Archbishop and the Prior and Convent of St. Saviour's,
Bermondsey. After the King's Licence and the Pope's
Bull had been obtained, the matter was referred to Robert
Bragbrooke, Bishop of London, the sole judge delegated
by the Pope for that purpose ; and he, having heard the
pleas on all sides, in a solemn manner, in the Church of
Croydon, by his sentence, dated January 16, 1390, brought
the exchange to a satisfactory conclusion. It was also
agreed by indenture (dated on the Monday in the first
week of Lent, the fourteenth of King Richard II. ), made
between Archbishop Courtney and the Prior and Convent
* Eeg. Eeynolds, fol. 98 b.

198 ADVOWSON.
of Bermondsey, that the collation and patronage of the
Vicarage of Croydon should remain in the Archbishop and
his successors, and that in the event of a vacancy, the
Archbishop, or his successors, should name two proper
persons to the Prior and Convent, one of whom 'they
should choose and present to the said Vicarage, to be
admitted and instituted Vicar of this Church. Thus
matters continued till the dissolution of the Convent of
St. Saviour's* in 1538, when the great tithes, rectory
manor, and chancel, as part of the possessions of that
* The following extract from Tanner's " Notitia Monasiica" relates
to the convent of Bermondsey: —
" Cluniac Alley. — Aylwin Child, citizen of London, about the year
1082, began a new and fair church in Southwark, to the honor of our
Holy Saviour, with design to place therein a convent of monks of the
Cluniac order, who were procured from the priory Be Caritate, in
France, by means of Archbishop Lanfranc, a.d. 1089, about which time
King William Eufus augmented the small estate which Aylwin had
procured for these religious with the grant of the manor of Bermondsey,
and other revenues. This priory was made denison, 4 Ric. 2., erected
into an abbey a.d. 1399, and was endowed, before the dissolution, with
an yearly income worth 474Z. 14s. 4c?. ob. q. Dugd. 548/. 2s. bd. ob. q.
Speed. The site was granted 33 Hen. VIII., to Sir Eichard or Eobert
Southwell." The custom that prevailed before the Eeformation, of suffering the
great Monastic establishments to absorb the advowsons of parishes, and
leave only vicarages remaining, supplemented as this was, by the un
principled manner in which the monastic houses themselves afterwards
were broken up, and their acquired parochial endowments scattered, led
to a confusion from which England suffers to the present day. Too
often in times past, have the spiritual necessities of wide districts been
sacrificed to the kitchen of the convent. It was this corrupt Papal
system that deprived Croydon of its rector and the great tithes.
Another misfortune, consequent upon the way in which the monasteries
were suppressed, was au ignorant destruction of a great many valuable
books, MSS. accumulated through the diligence of the mediasval scribes.

ADVOWSON. 199
Convent, fell to the Crown, and the advowson of the
Vicarage reverted to the See of Canterbury, where it
remains. In 1550, King Edward VI. granted the Rectory to
Thomas Walsingham, Esq., of Chislehurst, and Robert
Moyse, Esq., of Banstead. In 1727 this estate belonged
to James Walsingham, Esq., who by will, dated August
16th in that year, devised the same to his sister. Lady
Elizabeth Osborne, for life, but made no ulterior bequest
of it. He died in 1728, without issue, leaving three co
heirs, viz.. Lady E. Osborne, Anthony Viscount Montague,
and Mrs. Villiers. Lady Elizabeth left her third to Henry
Boyle, Esq., who took the name of Walsingham, from
whom it descended to the Hon. Robert Boyle Walsingham.
He conveyed it in 1770 to Anthony Joseph Viscount Mon
tague, descended from Barbara, a second sister of James
Walsingham, who inheriting his father's third, and pur
chasing that of Mrs. Villiers, died seised of the whole in
1787. The trustees under his will sold part of the tithes
to Lord Gwydir and other land-owners, and conveyed the
remainder to George Samuel Viscount Montague, who was
drowned in Switzerland in 1793. He had conveyed his
portion of the rectorial tithes to various land-owners,
some buying the rectorial tithes of their own estates, and
others (where proprietors declined) buying the rectorial
tithes of the estates of other owners. Thus the rectorial
tithes of this parish were widely distributed, and where
they were bought by the owners of the estates on which
they were charged, they became practically absorbed, and
the estates free of great tithes. The last lot sold was the
great tithes of the commons, a lot apparently of no value,
and which was bought for a trifle by Mr. Robert Boxall.
From small events, however, great ones often proceed, and

200 ADVOWSON.
this was the case here ; for Mr. Boxall, finding that no
corn, grain, hay, or wood existed on the commons, thought
that if they were all enclosed, some titheable article might
in time grow there, or, at any rate, that in an enclosure
he might obtain an allotment for his prospective but then
barren right. It was, therefore, Mr. Boxall who first
stirred the important subject of the Croydon enclosure ;
and, when it took place, he had an allotment made to him
in lieu of the rectorial tithes of all the commons of Croydon.
Hence, every one now possessing land, formerly part of
the commons, possesses land free from rectorial tithe rent
charge. After these sales, the Rectory itself consisted
merely of the chancel of St. John's Church and the Manor
House at North End, and these were sold to Mr. Robert
Harris, father of the late surgeon, Mr. Francis Harris, and
one of the magistrates of the Croydon Bench, who died
in 1807. Mr. Harris's representatives sold the chancel
and Manor House to the late Alexander Cauldcleugh, Esq.,
whose representatives sold the chancel after the fire in 1867
to trustees for the inhabitants of Croydon.
Under the same enclosure an allotment Avas made to the
Vicar of Croydon, in lieu of the vicarial tithes of the
commons of Norwood, so that any land in Norwood,
formerly common, is now free from vicarial tithe rent
charge ; but the rest of the parish is suliject to vicarial
tithes.* Easter offerings are presented to the Vicar
throughout the parish.
A house was appropriated to the Vicar in the reign of
Edward III. This formerly stood on the south side of the

* Under the Tithe Commutation Act of the year 1 837, the vicarial
tithes are now commuted into a rent charge.

ADVOAVSON. 201
old' churchyard. Rebuilt by Archbishop AVake, at the
instigation of his lady, in 1730,* this vicarage was pulled
down in 1847, and the ground on which it had stood
was added to the churchyard. The new vicarage was
then erected about a quarter of a mile westward, of the
Church. On the 16tli February, 1417, Ave find Archbishop
Chicheley issuing a Commission, requiring John, Bisho]!
of Sorron, to reconcile the Parish Church and church
yard of Croydon which had then been lately polluted by
blood. f The cause and manner of this bloodshed remain
a secret, and the country being at that time internally at
peace, we are led to suppose that it arose from some popular
affray. Formerly there were tAVO chauntries in this Church, one
dedicated to St. Mary, and the other to St. Nicholas. The
first, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was founded before
1402, by Sir Reginald de Cobliam, Lord Cobliam, of Ster-
borough Castle, Surrey. The incumbent was to pray for
the repose of the souls of the said Sir Reginald, his wife
Joan, his children, and of all faithful Christian people.
The presentation of the chauntry priest the founder vested
in twelve of the principal inhabitants of the town of
Croydon. The total income of this chauntry, derivable
from A'arious tenements and lands in Croydon or elsewhere,
was 16/. Is. 2d. John Compoite was the last incumbent,
who had a life pension of 6/. 13s. 4d. granted him at the
dissolution of this chauntry in 1 EdAvard VI.
The other chauntry, dedicated to St. Nicholas, was
founded for the repose of the soul of John Stafford, Bishop

* Mill's Essay on Generosity. f Iteg. Chicheley, fol. 331, a.

202 ADVOWSON.
of Bath and Wells, and of William Oliver, Vicar of
Croydon, before the year 1443, as in that year Bishop
Stafford was translated to the See of Canterbury. The
patronage of this chauntry seems to have been in the
Weldon family, from their name being connected with
several presentations. The total income of the chauntry
was 14/. 14s. 6d., obtainable in a similar manner to that of
St. Mary's. The last incumbent was Nicholas Sommer:
he likewise had a grant of 6/. 13s. 4cd. for life at the
dissolution.* The following Bishops were consecrated at Croydon
Church : —
1534, AjDril 19. by Archbishop Cranmer, Thomas
Goodrich, D.D., Bishop of Ely, and John Capon, alias
Salcot, LL.D., late Abbot of Hyde, Bishoj) of Bangor.
1541, September 25, by the same Archbishop John
Wakeman, last Abbot of Tewkesbury and first Bishop of
Gloucester. 1551, August 30, by the same Archbishop,
John Scory, D D., Bishop of Rochester, and Myles
Coverdale, D.D., Bishop of Exeter. •]¦ 1591, August 29,

* Lists of the Incumbents of St. Mary's and St. Nicholas's Chaun
tries, and also the items of the endowments of these chauntries, are
given in Ducarel, in Garrow, and in Steinman's Histories of Croydon.
t As the honoured instrument of greatly extending the knowledge
of the Holy Scriptures, the name of Myles Coverdale will always be
mentioned with veneration.
The ancient MSS. were often beautifully illuminated; sometimes
written in letters of gold and silver, these were bound with plates of
pure gold or silver, and studded with precious gems. The discovery of
the Art of Printing about the middle of the 15th century created a
revolution in the method of transmitting knowledge by books, and the

ADVOWSON. 203
by Archbishop Whitgift, Gervase Babington, D.D., Bishop
of Llandaff. 1612, September 20, by Archbishop Abbot,
assisted by John (King), Bishop of London, Richard
(Neile), Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and John
(Buckeridge), Bishop of Rochester, Miles Smith, D.D.,
Bishop of Gloucester.
For upwards of eight hundred years the structure con
cerning which we write remained the only Episcopal
Church at Croydon. But, owing to the vast increase in
the population of the parish, the ancient status of St.
John the Baptist has been modified by the division of the
tedious way of writing books by the hand was superseded by the art of
printing them from cast metal types.
The first printed English translation of the New Testament we owe to
Tyndale, who afterwards was martyred. This rare book was printed in
the year 1526. Tyndale also translated from the Hebrew into English
the Pentateuch : the only perfect copy of the latter known to exist is in
the Billiotheca Grenvilliana in the British Museum. It was printed in
1530, in which year Tyndale aLso published an English translation of
the prophet Jonah.
But to Myles Coverdale, subsequently consecrated Bishop of Exeter,
in Croydon Church, the honour belongs of having been the translator
of the first entire Bible printed in the English language. Upon the 4th
of October, 1535, Myles Coverdale published his translation of the
whole Bible. There is no evidence concerning the date at which he
commenced this great work, and it is uncertain where it was printed.
Coverdale was made Bishop of Exeter by Edward VI. Upon the change
of religion ia Queen Mary's reign, he was ejected from his see of
Exeter, and thrown into prison ; out of which he was released at the
earnest request of the King of Denmark, and as a great favour per
mitted to go into banishment. Soon after Elizabeth's accession, he re
turned from exile. When Coverdale was old and poor, Grindal, Bishop
of London, gave him the living of St. Magnus, at London Bridge.
Here he preached for about two years, but not coming up to the terms
of conformity then required, he relinquished his parish a little before
his death. He died 1569, being 81 years of age. Subjoined is a fac-

204 ADA'-OWSON.
Parish of Croydon into fifteen other ecclesiastical districts,*
and the erection therein of as man}^ ecclesiastical edifices,
all of which have been opened since the commencement of
the year 1827.
By an order from the Secretary of State, the old church
yard was closed for interments on the 1st of August, 1861 ;
a handsome cemetery having been provided for the town.
simile of the opening sentences of Myles Coverdale's translation of the
Bible. iv<ts li5l)t,anb(S'<5b puve H;c%l)ttl;Atifc
t()cbarcTnes,nnb cAtlcb tl^m^t, 5)<ivc:anb
tl;cbarchic$,WtjI;t.tri;ctwftl)cc«c«yncfc rtub nto:ny ti<^c u\t5 uiabctljc fir/t t>ayc.
* 1, St. James's; 2, All Saints', Norwood; 3, St. John the Evangelist,
Shirley; 4, St. Peter's; 5, Christ Church; 6, St. Mark's, South Nor
wood; 7, St. Andrew's; 8, St. Matthew's; 9, St. Saviour's; 10, Holy
Trinity; 11, St. Luke; 12, St. Paul's, Thornton Heath; 13, St. Mary
Magdalene; 14, St. Michael and All Angels; and 15, St. John the
Evangelist, Upper Norwood.

RECTORS. 205

RECTORS AND VICARS.
Elfsies was described as " the priest of Croydon," about
A.D. 962.*

Rectors.
The names of many of these have been lost ; of those
that have been discovered, the first which occurs is that
of:— Jj^gidiiis de Audenardo, who was Rector in 1282f and
1295. J He was likewise Rector of Cherryng, which he
resigned into the hands of Archbishop Peckham, May 4,
1284,§ and was a Canon of the Church of St. Mary,
Dover, and Prebend of Pesmere.||
John Mansell is the next, whose name occurs as Rector
in 1309,^ and again in 1320.**
Richard Aungerville, al'de Bury, cF presentat. per regem
ad eccl' de Croydon, archiepatu vac', 30th November, 1
Ed. Ill-tt This was the learned author of the " Philo-
biblon." He was born at Bury St. Edmunds, in Suffolk,
in the year 1287, and was educated at Oxford. In 1333,
he was elevated by Edward III., whose tutor he had been,
to the episcopal dignity, and in the succeeding year was
appointed Treasurer, and afterwards Lord High Chancellor
of England. He died at Auckland in 1345.
* Codex Biplomaticus, ccccxcii. See also Lambard's "Perambulation of
Kent." t Beg. Peckham, fol. 146, a. % Ibid, fol. 97, b.
§ Ibid, fol. 207, a. \\ Ibid, fol. 36, b.
^1 Reg. Peckham, fol. 52, a. '¦•"'•' Reg. Reynolds, fol. 98, b.
ft Pat. i. Ed. III.

206 RECTORS.
Better known as Richard of Bury, the delight of this
eminent man was in books and learned men. To this
passion he owed the honour of the personal acquaintance
of Petrarch, which he acquired when he was on an embassy
to Avignon. With Cicero, our former rector thought that
to attach a library to his residence was to supply a soul to
his household. Accordingly Richard de Bury collected a
library that was one of the wonders of the age.
The motives that induced Richard Aungerville to accu
mulate this vast literary collection do honour to his under
standing and benevolent heart : —
"Moved," says Eichard, "by Him who alone granteth and perfecteth
a good will to man, I diligently enquired what among all the offices of
piety would most please the Almighty, and most profit the church
militant. Then before the eye of my mind there came a flock of chosen
scholars, in whom God the Artificer, and Nature his handmaiden, had
planted the roots of the best manners and sciences, but whom penury
so oppressed that these fruitful germs were dried up, since, in conse
quence of want, they were watered by no dew in the uncultivated soil
of youth, so that their virtue lay hidden and buried, and the crop
withered away, and the corn degenerated into tares, and those who
might have grown up into strong columns of the Church by the capacity
of their genius, were obliged to renounce the pursuit of learning ....
"What can the pious man behold more deplorable ? What can more
excite his compassion ? . . . . The result of my meditation was pity for
this obscure race of men, who might render such service to the Church,
and a resolution to assist them, not only with means for their subsistence,
but also with books for their studies."*
It was in this library, formed by Richard de Bury, that
Bradwardine "The Profound" obtained the materials that
enabled him to produce his immortal work " Concerning
the Cause of God against Pelagius."
* Pkilobiblon, Prolog.

RECTORS. 207
"How great a commodity of doctrine exists in books, how easily,
how secretly, how safely they expose the nakedness of human ignorance
without putting it to shame. These are the masters who instruct us
without-rods and ferules, without hard words and anger."*
" Eepent ye paupers of Christ, and studiously revert to us your
tooks, without whom you will never be able to put on your shoes in
advancement of the gospel of peace."-j-
JoHN DE ToNNEFORD was Rector of Croydon in 1348. J
William de Leghton, collated by Archbishop Islip,
12th January, 1351.§
William de Wittleseye, collated to this Rectory by
his uncle, Archbishop Islip, 12th April, 1352. || He after
wards became a Doctor of Canon Lsiw at Oxford, and was
preferred, by his uncle, to the office of Vicar-General,
then to the Deanery of Arches, the Archdeaconry of
Huntingdon, the Bishoprics of Rochester and Worcester,
and at last became Archbishop of Canterbury. He ex
changed this Rectory for that of Clive, in the Deanery of
Shoreham, with —
Adam de Honton, LL.D., who was admitted to it 3rd
May, 1359. 5[ He was consecrated Bishop of St. David's
in 1361, and appointed Chancellor of England in 1377.
He built St. Mary's College, near his Cathedral, which he
endowed with £,100 per annum.
Adam de Robelyn was Rector in 1363,** but soon after
exchanged this Rectory for the Prebend of Ruyll, in the
Collegiate Church of Abergwilly, with —
William Bourbriqg, who was admitted 8th June,
1363.tt

* Philobiblon, cap. i. f Ibid, cap. vi.
X Reg. Courtney, fol. 176, b. § Reg. Islip, fol. 259, a.
II Ibid, fol. 263, I. *\ Ibid, fol. 282, I.
** Ibid, fol. 301, a. ff Ibid.

208 A^CARS.
John Quernby was Rector in 1364.* He exchanged
this Rectory for the Prebend of Woodburgh, in the
Collegiate Church of Southwell, in the County of York,
with —
John Godewyke, admitted 29th March, 1365. f
John Godeavyke, LL.D., presented, on the 6th Novem
ber, 1370, to this Rectory by Edward IIL, who became
patron by reason of the temporalities of the vacant Arch
bishopric being in his hands J He was the last Rector of
this Church, being Rector here when the Church was
appropriated to the Convent of St. Saviour's, Bermondsey,
in 1390 ; whereupon he resigned. Vicars.
The names of those that have been discovered are as
follows : —
Henry de la Rye became Vicar of this Church at the
presentation of ^gidius de Audenardo, Rector of the
same, 4tli August, 1289. §
Thomas de Sevenoke is mentioned as Vicar in 1309. 1|
Thomas de Maydenestan was presented by John
Mansell, Rector, May, 1309.^
John de Horstede was Vicar in the year 1348.**
John de Stanesfelde was appointed Dean of Croydon,f f

» Reg. Islip, fol. 306, h. f Ibid.
X Wittleseye, fol. 82 b. § Reg. Peckham, fol. 40, a.
II Reg. Winchekey, fol. 47, b. ^ Ibid, fol. 52, a.
** Reg. Courtney, fol. 176, b.
If The Deanery of Croydon anciently was composed of the Churches
of Croydon, East Horsley, Merstham, Wimbledon, Barnes, Burstow,
Charlwood, Newington, and Cheyham. Eecently Croydon Avas in the
Deanery of West Dartford. Now the Churches of this parish, with
those of Addington and West Wickham, constitute the Deanery of
Croydon.

vicaes. 209
by a commission from Archbishop Islip, dated at Lambeth,
11th February, 1349.* He exchanged this Vicarage for
the Rectory of West Wickham with
Richard Atte Lich', presented by William de Wittle
seye, Rector, 7th June, 1356. t
John de Hamyldon, presented by Adam de Honton,
LL.D., Rector, 3rd December, 1361.:!:
Robert Okele, presented by John Godewyke, Rector,
May, 1373.§
John Lane, LL.D., who occurs Vicar in 1376 : || upon
whose resignation
John Brown was presented, 1st September, 1387.5[
WiLLiAJi Daper was Vicar in the year 1402.** He
exchanged this Vicarage for the Rectory of Throckyng,
in the Dioce.se of Lincoln, with —
Richard Bondon, presented 14th August, 1402, by the
Convent and Prior of St. Saviour's, Bermondsey. tf He
exchanged this Vicarage for the Wardenship of St. Mary
Magdalene, with the Parish of Kingston, with —
John Scarburgh, who was presented by the same
patrons, 18th December, 1405. JJ
John Aldenham, alias Causton, presented by the same
patrons, 20th January, 1408.§§ The Vicarage became
vacant before November 23rd, 1420, but in what manner
we are not told, a blank being left in Archbishop
Chicheley's Register, on the side of which is written

* Reg. Islip, fol. 10, a. f ^l>"^' ^ol- 271, b.
X Ibid, foL 243, b. § Reg. Wittleseye, fol. 93, I.
II Reg. Sudbury, fol. 265. If Reg. Courtney.
** Reg. Arundel, Part I, fol. 284, a. ff Ibid.
XX Ibid, fol. 305, b.
§§ Reg. Arundel, Part IL, fol. 52, a.

210 vicaes.
" Institutio Vicaria3 de Croydon," where the name of his
successor should have been inserted.*
William Oliver became Vicar about that time."}" This
Vicar is supposed to have gi\'en some lands to the
Chauntry of St. Nicholas, that the priest there might pray
for the repose of his soul.
John Langton, upon whose death — |
Henry Carpenter, LL.B., was presented by the Con-
A'ent and Prior of St. Saviour's, Bermondsey, 30th October,
1467.§ William Shaldoo, presented by the same patrons, 3rd
December, 1487. jj
Roland Phillips, D.D., collated June 4th, 1497, f[ by
Archbishop Morton, with the unanimous consent of the
Prior and Convent of St. Saviour's, Bermondsey. Of this
celebrated man we subjoin the following notices : —
Preaching at St. Paul's against printing, then lately
introduced into England, this Vicar uttered the following
remarkable words: — ''We (the Gatholics) must root out
printing, or printing will root out its."**
" And CA^en as there was much ado amongst them of the
Common House, about their agreement to the subsidie, so
was there as harde holde for a Avhile amongst them of the
clergie in the Convocation House; namelye, Richard,
Byshoppe of Winchester, and John, Byshoppe of Rochester,
held sore agaynst it ; but most of al. Sir RoAvlande
Phillips, vicar of Croydon, and one of the Canons of

«

Reg. Chicheley, Part I., fol. 121, i. f Ibid.
X Reg. Bourchier, fol- 97, J. § Ibid.
II Reg. Morton, Bene, Bourchier, Courtney, fol. 133,
t Reg. Morton, fol. 163, fl. ** Fox.

a.

vicars. 211
Paules, being reputed a notable preacher in those dayes,
spake most against that payment. But the cardinall
taking him aside, so handled the matter with him, that he
came no more into the house, willingly absenting himselfe,
to his great infamie and Icsse of that estimation which
men had of his innocencie. Thus, the Bellweather giving
over his holde, the others yielded, and so was granted the
halfe of all their spirituall revenues for one year, to be
paid in five yeares following, that the burden might
y" more easily be borne."*
"Yet because he (Sir T. More) would not blame anie
man's conscience therein, he was commanded to walke
into the garden a while ; and presently all the clergie
men, some bishops, manie doctours, and priests were
called in, who all took it, except Bishop Fisher, and one
Doctour Wilson, without anie scruple, stoppe, or stay ;
and the Vicar of Croydon, saith Sir Thomas, called for a
cuppe of biere of the butterie barre, quia erat notus
pontijici, and he drunke, valde familiariter."-f
" He (Iluthall, Bishop of Durham) paid his last debt to
nature at Durham Palace, near London, on Wednesday,
the fourth of Feb., in fifteen hundred twenty and two,
and was buried in the Chapel of S. John Baptist, joyning
to the Abbey Church of S. Peter, in Westminster; at
which time Dr. Rowl. Phillips, Vicar of Croydon, a great
and a renowned Clerh, preached an excellent sermon."J
In 1531, John Hewes, a draper of London, was made
to abjure, for saying that he heard the Vicar of Croydon
[Phillips] preach openly, " That there is as much baudry

* Holinshed's Chron., p. 1524.
f Moee's Bife of Sir T. More, p. 222.
X Wood's Ath. Ox., Vol. IL, p, 72:!.
E

212 vicars.
kept by going in pilgrimage to Wilsedon or Mouswel, as
in the stews beside," &c.* Phillips attended the funeral
of Abbot Islip, at Westminster, in 1532, and preached his
funeral sermon, f
Peter Burowgh, M.A., collated on the resignation of
Roland Phillips, by Archbishop Cranmer, 9th May, 1538,J
pleno jure ; the same day the Archbishop issued a decree
to John Cocke, LL.D., his Vicar-General, to assign a
pension of £12 per annum from the profits of the A^carage
to the said Roland Phillips, for life, on account of his
ffreat ao^e.
John Gybbes, S.T.B., succeeded, being collated by the
same Archbishop, 12tli April, 1542. § He enjoyed it but
about 8 years, II being deprived for refusing to pay his
tithes to the King,^ and was succeeded by

* Fox, Vol. IL, p. 592.
f Widmoke's Eist. of West. Abbey, Ajjpendix 10.
X Reg. Cranmer, fol. 364, b. § Ibid, fol. 380, a.
II We presume this refers to Gybbes: "The Vicar of Croydon, under
the Archbishop's nose, had been guilty of certain misdemeanors : which,
I suppose, were speaking or preaching to the disparagement of the
King's supremacy, and in favour of the Pope. Now, before he went
into the country, and having as yet divers bishops and learned men with
him at Lambeth, he thought it advisable to call this man before them
at this time. But before he would do it, he thought it best to consult
with Crumwell, and take his advice whether he should now do it, and
before these bishops or not ; so ticklish a thing then was it for the
bishops to do anything of themselves without the privity and order of
this great Vicegerent. Cranmer was aware of it, and therefore required
direction from him in everything." — Steype's Bife of Cranmer,Yo\. L, p. 79.
^ "The Parliament being again assembled (3rd November) con
ferred on the King the title of the only supreme head on earth of the
Chtu'cli of England ; as they had already invested him with all the real
power belonging to it. In this memorable Act the Parliament granted

VICARS. 213
David Kemp, collated by the same Archbishop, 31st
May, 1550.* He resigned, and was succeeded by
William Cooke, collated by the same Archbishop, 13th
September, 1553. f Upon his decease
Richard Finch was collated by Archbishop Parker,
23rd April, 1560.+ On his death
Samuel Fynche was collated by Archbishop Grindal,
26th May, 1581.§
Samuel Fynche, at the presentation of the King, by
lapse, 28th February, 1603. Upon his demise, ||
Henry Rigge, M.A., was collated by Archbishop Abbot,
20th September, 1616.^
Samuel Bernard, S.T.B , collated on the resignation of
Henry Rigge, 10th August, 1624.** He was displaced by
the committee for plundered ministers in February, 1643,
" for errors in doctrine, superstition in practice, and
malignancy." tt His successor was
Thomas Buckner, D.D.,^:]: who was succeeded by
him power, or rather acknowledged his inherent power to ' visit and
repress, redress, reform, order, correct, restrain, or amend all errors,
heresies, abuses, offences, contempts, and enormities, which fell under
any spiritual authority or jurisdiction.' — (26 Henry VIII. c. i.) They
also declared it treason to attempt, imagine, or speak evil against the
King, Queen, or his heirs, or to endeavour depriving them of their
dignities or titles. They gave him a right to all the annates and tithes
of benefices, which had formerly been paid to the Court of Eome.
They granted him a subsidy and a fifteenth." — Home, chap. xxx.
* Reg. Cranmer, fol. 411, a. f Ibid, fol. 424, a.
X Reg. Parker, Part I., fol. 342, b. § Reg. Grindal, fol. 551, b.
II Reg. Whitgift, Part IIL, fol. 278, b.
^ Reg. Abbot, Part I., fol. 420, a. ** Ibid, Part IL, fol. 337, a.
-j-f Walker's Bist of Ejected Clergy, p. 210.
XX " Samuel Barnard being displaced in 1643, Thomas Buckner D.D.,
was appointed, but died in 1644." — Eawlinson's M.S. Notes on Aubrey.

214 AacAES.
Samuel Otes, M.A., Avho was buried in the north
chancel aisle of the late church. He died in 1645.
Francis Peck. In 1646 it was ordered by the com
mittee that £50 ])er annum should be paid to Francis
Peck out of the impropriate rectory of East Meon, in
Plampshire, as an augmentation of the Vicarage of
Croydon. This money having never been received, the
same sum was voted 20tli September, 1648, to his
successor, Edward Corbett, M.A., out of the sequestered Rectory
of CamberwelL*
Jonathan Westavood, appointed by Sir William Brere-
ton, Bart. , who was become possessed of the Archiepiscopal
Palace at Croydon, and was ordered £50 a year for the
use of such minister as he should provide to serve the
Cure of the Church of Croydon. Westwood was in the
receipt of this stipend from the 31st May, 1654, to the 9th
June, 1657.t The next vicar met with is —
* Proceedings of the Committee, Bodleian Library.
f The following extract is taken from a book, deposited in the Lam
beth Library. The book is marked " Au. G. No. 7, 8," fol. 689 : —
" Croyden, May 31, 1654.
"In pursuance of two several orders of the committee for reforma
tion of the universities, of the 15 Jan., 1650, and 28 Jan., 1651, it is
ordered, that Mr. Lawr. Steele, treasurer, doe from time to time, pay
unto Sir William Brereton, for the use of Mr. Jonathan Westwood,
minister of Croyden, in the county of Surrey, approved according to the
ordinance for approbation of publique preachers, the yerely sum of 50/.,
for and during such time as the said Mr. Westwood shall continue to
discharge the duty of the minister of the said place, till further orders
of the said trusteesi, together with all arrears of the said 50/. per ann.,
due by order of the 26th Sept., 1652.
" John Thoeowgood, Willi.vh Stele, John Bkowne,
"ElCHAED YONG, JolIN PoAVICK."
See also book in the Lambeth Library marked "A. P. No. 9. 29,"
fol. 212.

VICARS. 215
William Clewer, D.D., collated by Archbishop Juxon,
in 1660,* who deserves to be recorded only as a disgrace
to his profession. This man was a great persecutor of
the Royalists during the Commonwealth, and had himself
enjoyed one of ' the sequestered livings; but upon the
news of the Restoration, he repaired immediately to
London, and had the art to get himself recommended to
the Earl of Clarendon, as a zealous son of the Church,
and a person deserving of preferment ; in consequence of
which he got the Living of Croydon. When settled here,
he became the scourge of the inhabitants, practising every
species of extortion and injustice. His singular love of
litigation, and his criminal and disgraceful conduct,
eventually caused his ejectment from this Benefice, in
1684."t" It was, probably, after his deprivation, that he
was tried- at the Old Bailey, and burnt in the hand for
stealing a silver cup. In Smith's "Lives of Highwaymen,"^
where this fact is mentioned, the following anecdote is also
to be found: — •" O'Bryan, meeting with Dr. Cleiver, the
parson of Croydon, coming along the road from Acton,
he demanded his money ; but the Reverend Doctor having
not a farthing about him, O'Bryan was for taking his
gown. At this our divine was much dissatisfied, but,
perceiving the enemy would plunder him, quoth he, ' Pray,
sir, let me have a chance for my gown ;' so pulling a pack
of cards out of his pocket, he farther said, 'We'll have,

* Parish Reg. This vicar's name is generally spelt Cleicer, but it is
an error ; liis signature appears frequently in the Parish Eegister, and
invariably Clewer.
f Reg. Sancroft, fol. 404, b. See also Case of the inhabitants of
Croydon, printed in 1673 : Appendix to Steinman's Hist, of Croydon.
X Vol. I., p. 257.

216 VICARS.
if you please, one game of all-fours for it, and if you win
it, take it and wear it.' This challenge was readily
accepted by the foot-pad, but being more cunning than
his antagonist at slipping and palming the cards, he won
the game, and the doctor went contentedly home without
his canonicals."
Henry Hughes, M.A., collated by Archbishop Sancroft,
26th June, 1684 * He resigned, when
John G^sar, M.A., was collated by the same Archbishop,
18th January, 1688.^ On his death he was succeeded by
Andreav Trebeck, B.D., collated by Archbishop Wake,
28th April, 1720. He resigning,
Nathaniel Collier, M.A., was collated by the same
Archbishop 29tli Nov., 1727, upon whose death,
John Vade, M.A., was collated by Archbishop Herring,
in January, 1755.
East Apthoep, D.D., collated by Archbishop Seeker,
June, 1765. J He was the author of "Letters on the
Prevalence of Christianity." Upon his resignation,
John Ieeland, D.D., was collated by Archbishop
Moore, 15th July, 1793. Dr. Ireland was the author of
" Five Discourses, containing Certain Arguments for and
against the Reception of Christianity by the Ancient Jews
and Greeks, 1796." He became Dean of Westminster.
On his resignation,
John Cutts liOciavooD, M.A., was collated by Arch
bishop Sutton, 30th March, 1816. He was also rector of
Coulsdon, Surrey. At his death,
Henry Linds.vy, M.A., perpetual Curate of Wimbledon,
* Reg. Sancroft, fol. 404, b. f Ibid, fol. 425, b.
X Dr. Apthorp died 17th April. 1816, at Cambridge, where he had
formerly been Fellow of Jesus College.

vicars. 217
Surrey, was collated by Archbishop Howley, 4th Novem
ber, 1830. He was author of " Practical Lectures on the
Historical Books of the Old Testament." Upon his resig
nation, JiiON Geoege Hodgson, M.A., the present Vicar, was
collated by Archbishop Howley, January, 1846. He is
Rural Dean, and an Honorary Canon of Canterbury
Cathedral.

218

onuments ant} €pitapl)js;.

In Croydon Old Church were various interesting monu
ments,* but, with one or two exceptions, these either
perished or Avere terribly mutilated by the late disastrous
fire. The tomb least injured Avas the oldest in the Church ;
it still remains on the south wall, although, since the fire,
it has been removed from the original place of its inser
tion, to make Avay for the respond of arch in south aisle,
of the new fabric. In the monument referred to, graceful
lines and a floral ornamentation are sweetly blended
together. It is presumed to commemorate Thomas
Warliam, Esq., who died at Haling, 1478, and who

* We shall here notice only those more important monuments which
appear to demand a particular description. Lists of the Epitaphs in
Croydon Church are to be found, up to the year 1718 in Aubrey, to
1783 in Ducarel, and to 1834 in Steinman. In the year 1855, and
again in 1857, the author published a description of the Monuments
iind a list of Epitaphs in Croj'don Cliurch. The accompanying engravings
on steel and wood have been executed from a series of caretul drawings
fVom the now destroyed national monuments of Croydon Old Church :
the author made these drawings during the years 1853-4, thirteen years
before the destruction of the monuments.

monuments and epitaphs.

219

AVAEHAM'S TOMB.

220 monuments and epitaphs.
ordered his body to be buried in the chapel of St. Nicholas,
before the image of our Lady of Pite, The tomb is
divided at its base into three quatrefoil panels, each con
taining a shield of arms. An obtuse-pointed arch, sur
mounted by a richly sculptured cornice, is over the tomb,
above which, on the wall, is a shield, with mantling and
helmet, bearing the arms of the ancient and noble family
of Warham. The soffit of the arch is divided into
trefoil-headed panels, and under the arch, in the recess,
are indents of the figures of a man and woman kneel
ing, liaA'ing labels issuing from their mouths, which,
with every other inscription, have been sacrilegiously
torn away.
The oldest inscription in the Church was : —
fjjtc jactt lEflthius Scgmor, qui o6iit .tiij Sic
fflrnntbr. a, Irni mccclmi rui'aic. ppicict. Ds.
It Avas on a brass plate, beneath the indents of a cross,
etc.
In the north-east corner of St. Mary's Chancel was an
altar tomb to the memory of Elye Davy. His figure,
AAdiich Avas on a brass plate, had been torn away ; under
neath was the folloAving inscription : —
©rate pro anima Slgc HBafag, miptr ffiibis & fflcrccrt,
3Lonian qtii ofiiit iiij iit mrns' Dccnnbris, 'Slnna Oni
fWiiirima crctlfa. nijtis animt propiciftnr ©rus. ^mcn.
Elye DaA-y founded the almshouse in Croydon called
after his name.

monuments and epitaphs.

221

Continuing to notice the inscriptions according to their
chronological sequence, in the corner of the mid-chancel,
on the ground, was the figure of a priest incised in brass,
with the accompanying lines underneath. This brass was
recovered after the fire.

¦Silijcater ©abtiti, cujus lapis fjtc tcgtt ossa,
Ucra sacctBotum gloria nupcr erat,
Ecgts nemo Sam Sibina ijolumina faccbia
eriatius, aut bita sancttus ciplicuit.
ffiomintts trgo Wm, moCo frlti, cminus almis
©em, pius in scriptis biBctat ante, biBct.
anno Bni flillimo b,ib., iiij. Bit ©ctobr bita est funct.

222

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

i1

i

11

i

d^ d^ ciJ ci-Jc

-"-' eiJ cL-^ ]

Near was a stone
with indent for
brasses. Next the
brass, of which the
subjoined is a re-
jDresentation: judg
ing from the ar
morial bearings,
this was intended
to commemorate
one of the family
of Herone.
Against the north
wall of St. Mary's
chancel stood a
large tomb of free
stone, with an as
cent of three ste]3S,
from Avliich the
sketch on page 223
was made. On
the tomb were re
presented, in alto
relievo, the figures
of a man in armour,
kneeling before a
desk, attended by
his five song, and
of a Avoman in the
same manner, at
tended by her
eight daughters.

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
Over the heads of the women were these initials -
K. A. M. S. E. A. M. E. M.
Between the figures —
Anno Domini 1568.
Over the heads of the men —
H. W. T. L P. N.

223

At the bottom of the tomb was this inscription : —
Tumulus Nicholai Herone, Equitis, sepulti, primo die Septem.

224

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

The cuts on this and the following page represent the
arms sculptured on the monument referred to, namely, —
centre shield quarterly, — 1, on a chev. ingrailed, between
three herons, a crescent for difference (for Heron) ; 2, two
bendlets, and in the sinister chief point a cross crosslet
(for Bond); 3, a fesse between three boars' heads couped (for
AlpheAA') ; 4, a chev. ingrailed between three bugle horns
stringed (for Petit). Impaling quarterly 1 and 4, seme of
fleur-de-lis, a lion ramp, (it ought to have been charged
on the breast with an annulet) (for Poole) ; 2, a chev.
between three stags' heads cabossed ; 3, three birds.
Dexter shield (over the lady), — Poole and two quarterings
as aboA^e. Sinister shield (over the Knight), — heron and
three quarterings as above.

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

225

In the middle chancel, upon the north side, within
separate recessed arches, and flanked and divided by a
Corinthian column, were the painted effigies of a man and
woman kneeling before desks (Plate xiv.). Above the
entablature were three shields of arms, namely, centre
shield, quarterly 1 and 4 erm. a millrind, sa. ; 2 gu,., three
lions ramp. arg. ; 3 or. a saltire, sa. between 4 pears, gu,.
within a bordure engrailed of the 2"^; dexter shield
argent, a chevron gu. between 9 cloves, 6 in chief
and 3 in base, sa.; sinister shield (lozenge shape), gu.

226 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
on a fesse ingr. between three waterbougets, arg., 3
cross patties sa.
Over the man was this inscription : —
Obiit 21 Jana 1573, aet. suas 69.
Under the man were these lines, —

HEARE LIETH BVRlED THE CORPS,;
OF MAISTER HENRlE MILIv<^=^^
CITEZEN AND GROCER , OF/,
LONDON FAMOVS CITTI^^^^
Alderman. AND somtym. shreve/,
A MAN OF PRVDENT SKILI^-~«i3^
Charitable to the poore > ^
and a-waies fvll of pittie >
Whose sovle y^^ hope dotpe rest in?
BLI^E.WhEARE TOY BOTE STIL ABOVNDE
THOVGIE BODIE his FVLL DEPE do LIE',
IN Et^rthF here ynder grovnde

h\

m

Over the woman : — ¦
Obiit 2 Aug. 1585, set. sufe (left blank).

^
^

wi Elizabeth mile his lovinge wyf
^^ LYETH also BVRIED he ARE ,
WhoE SIX'ENE CHILDREN DID HIM BEARE
THE BLESSING OF THE LORDE;
Eight OF themsonnes^andtieoti-er.S'
^ weare davghters this is cleare
awitnes svre of mvtvall love>'.
and signe of greate accorde,
WHOSE SOLE amongethepatryarks,
^IN FAITHFVLL ABRAMS BREST >
THOVGHE BODIE HIRS be WRAPT IN CLAY
 WE HOPE IN lOY DOTHE REST>

The foregoing are facsimiles of the quaint inscriptions
on Mill's monument : the ligatured lettering is curious.

PL

/ KorbA AnExrsim, de!.?:

Bon.fojlp-''

/// /// //

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 227
At the south side of the Communion Table, against the
wall, on a sarcophagus Avithin an arched recess, the entab
lature of which was supported by Corinthian columns,
lay the painted effigies of a Churchman in his scarlet
robes (Flate xv.). Surmounting the entablature were
three shields of arms, viz., centre shield, the arms of the
see of Canterbury, impaling quarterly or. and az., a cross
quartered erm. and or., between four pea-hens, the first
and fourth az., and the second and third ar. ; dexter shield,
the arms of the see of York ; sinister shield, the arms of
the see of London, both impaling the same. On either side
of the sarcophagus, beneath the columns, Crindal's arms
were repeated. Beneath his effigies were these verses : —
GrindaU' doctus, prudens, gravitate verendus,
Justus, munificus, sub cruce fortis erat.
Post crucis serumnas Christi gregis Anglia fecit
Signiferum, Christus coelica regna dedit.
In memoria teterna erit Justus. — Psal. cxii.
At the top of the monument : —
Beati mortui qui in Dno moriuntur : —
Eequiescunt enim k laboribus suis.
Et opera illorum sequuntur illos.
Apoc. 14.
Under the aboA-e were the two following verses, in juxta
position : —
Prsesulis eximii ter postquam est Mortua marmoreo conduntur mem-
auctus honore, bra sepulchro,
Pervigiliq greges rexit modera- Sed mens sancta viget Eama pe-
mine sacros : rennis erit,
Confectum senio durisq laboribus. Nam studia et Musas, quas magnis
ecce censibus auxit,
Transtulit in placidam Mors exop- Grindali nomen tempus in omne
tata quietem. ferent.
E

228

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

Immediately above the effigies was this inscription : —

Edmund' Grindali' Cumbriensis, Theol:
Dr, Eruditione, Prudentia, et Gravitate
clarus, Constantia, Justitia, et Pietate in
signia, civibus et peregrinis charus: ab
exilic (quod Evangelii causa subiit) rever-
8U8 ad summum dignitatis fastigium (quasi
decursu honorum)sub E. Elizabetha evectus,
Ecclesiam Londinen. primum, deinde Eborac.
demu. Cantuarien. rexit. Et cum jam hie
nihil restaret, quo altius ascenderet e cor
poris vinculis liber ac beatus ad coelum
evolavit 6° Julii an. Dni. 1583. .Sltatis
suse 63. Hie, prseter multa pietatis officia
quae vivus preestitit, moribundus maxima.
bonorum suorum partem piis usibus conse-
cravit. In Parcecia Divae Beghte (ubi natus
est) Scholam Grammatic. splendide extrui
et opimo censu ditari curavit. Magdalen-
ensi coetui Cantabr. (in quo puer primum
Academias ubera suxit) discipulum adjecit,
CoUegio Christi (ubi adultus liris. incubuit)
Il ' 1 j gratum MrrjiA.oavroi' reliquit ; Aulre Pem-
brochianffi (cujus olim Socius, postea Tieo-
fectus, extitit) ^rarium et Bibliothecam
auxit, Grsecoq. Prcelectori, uni Socio, ac
duobus Discipulis, ampla stipendia assig-
navit. Collegium Eeginte Oxon. (in quod
Cumbriensea potissimum cooptantur)
nummis, libris, et magnis proventibus
locupletavit. Civitati Cantuar. (cui moriens praefuit) centu. libras,
in hoc, ut pauperes houestis artificiis exercerentur, perpetuo servandas,
atq. impendendas dedit. Eesiduum bonoru. Pietatis operibus dicavit.
8if vivens moriensq. Ecclifc, Patrice et bonis literis profuit.

The following is an extract frf)ni the Archbishop's will

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 229
and tes'tament: — ''First I bequeath my soul into the
hands of my Heavenlie Father, Humbly beseeching Him
to receive the same into His gracious mercies, for His
Christ's sake ; and my body I will to be buried in the
quere of the Parish Church of Croydon, without any
solempne herse or funeral pompe."
He was buried, according to his desire, in the Chancel
of Croydon Church, and over his remains the curious and
costly monument, represented, was erected to his memory.
His effigies lying at length, displayed deceased with his
hands in the posture of prayer. The face bore a great
resemblance to the painting of him at Lambeth Palace.
The eyes had a kind of white in the pupil, to denote his
blindness. He had a long black beard, forked and curling,
and was vested in his doctor's robes.* The fire that
destroyed Croydon Church, irreparably injured this inter
esting national monument ; it crumbled to pieces soon
afterwards. On the floor of the nave, on a black marble ledger, was
brass, fig. 1, and on a plate beneath : —
CEIijabetIf, tiausljtEr of Jofin Hgnge, ant) ffikmence \)is irgfe,
tl^E ingfe of Samuel ffgncfje,
unto toljom site bare tIjreE sonnes ant tixio t(auig|)tera,
anti teceassgnge tlje xhij tage of i^ofaembtr, IjetE Igetlj tntmet),
^nno lini., 1589, cetatts sua 21.

* Only a very small portion of the episcopal garments were visible
in front of Grindal's effigy where the upper robe was folded back.
Whether this almost total concealment of the episcopal vestments was
intentional does not appear, but the manner in which the effigy was
habited is characteristic of the man it represented.

230

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

Brasses 2 and 3 were on one stone on the floor of the
north aisle.
On the south wall of the Church, on a brass plate : —
Here under lieth Buried the bodie of Eranc
Tirrell, sometime Citizen and Grocer of London.
He was a good Benefactor to the poore of
divers Hospitalls, Prisons, and Pishes of London,
and to the continuall relief of the poore
Eremen of the Grocers. He gave to this Pishe
200/. to build a newe Market house,* and 40/.
t" beautifie this Church, and to make a new
Saintes Bell.f Ho died in September 1600.

* When the old market house was pulled down in 1807, the following-
inscription was discovered : —
" This Markett House was buylt att the coste and charges of Francis
Tirrell, citizen and Grocer of London, who was born in this towne, and
departed this worlde in Sept. 1600."
f One John de Aldermaston, who was buried in this Church in 1403,

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 231
In the south-east corner of St. Nicholas' Chancel was a
monument bearing the recumbent effigies of a churchman
in his robes, with his hands in the act of prayer (Plate xvi.).
The arms on the tomb were centre shield, the arms of the
see of Canterbury, impaling arg. on a cross fleury sa. 5
bezants ; dexter shield, the arms of the see of Worcester ;
sinister shield, the arms of the Deanery of Lincoln, both
impaling the same. On the sarcophagus were the arms
of the see of Lincoln, the colleges of Trinity, Pembroke,
and Peter-house. At the top of the monument was the
following inscription : —
Post tenebras spero Lucem.
Above the figure —
Whitgifta Eborum Grimsbeia ad littora nomen
Whitgifta emisit. Ecelix hoe nomine Grimsbei
Hinc natus : non natus ad banc mox mittitur hospes
Londinum: inde novam te, Cantabrigia, matrem
Insequitur, supraq. fidem suavi ubere crescit :
Petro fit socius : Pembro : Triadiq magister :
Fitq. Pater matri, Cathedrseq. Professor utriq.
E. Cathedra Lincolna suum petit esse Decanum :
Mox Wigorn petit esse suum : fit Episcopus illio :
Proprseses Patriae quo nunquam acoeptior alter.
Post annos plus sex summum petit Anglia patrem.
Plusquam bis denos fuit Archi episcopus annos,
Charior Eliste dubium est, an Eegi Jacobo :
Consul utriq. fuit. Sis tu Croidonia testis
Pauperibua quam charus erat, quels nobile stru.xit

left, by will, twenty sheep, for the purchase of a new saints' bell. — Vide
Reg. Arundel, fol. 212, b.

232 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
Hospitium, puerisq. scholam, dotemq. reliquit.
Coelibis hsec vitae soboles quae nata per annos
Septuaginta duos nullo enumerabitur sevo.
Invidia hsec cernens moritur, Patientia vincens
Ad summum evecto seternum dat lumen honori.
A little lower, the two following verses, in juxta
position : —
Magna Senatoris sunt nomina, Pax vivo grata est, mens recti
pondera & eequa conscia pacem
Nominibus, quem non utraq. juncta Pert animo, hsec mortem non
premunt ? metuisse dedit.
Prsesulis accedat si summi nomen Mors requiem membris, animeo
ad ista coelestia donant
Pondera quis ferat, aut perferat Gaudia ; sic potuit Aancere qui
ilia diu ? patitur.
Beneath the figure : —
Gratia non miror, si sit divina Johannis
Qui jacet hie, solus credito gratus erat.
Nee magis immerito Whitgiftus dicitur idem ;
Candor in eloquio, pectore candor erat.
Candida pauperibus posuit loca, Candida Musis ;
E terris moriens Candida dona tulit.
This is the celebrated Archbishop Whitgift's monument ;
it also suffered much from the fire. The inscriptions are
said to have been conqDOsed by Dr. Benjamin Charior, one
of the Archbishop's chaplains.
Compared to Warham's tomb, Whitgift's monument was
a poor Avork of art.
To the cast wall of the same south Chancel aisle was
affixed a small monument, bearing under a recessed arch

PL.XVil

XAnJlea n, J

Ci^ /&//v///y/}V'/r/.J -^/^UoY//////r ¦¦//'

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

233

the effigies of a man in a gown, kneeling before a desk
(Plate xvii.). Over his head Avas this inscription : —
Ossa Michaelis sunc hie sita
Murgatroidi. Da, pia posteritas,
verequiete cubent.
Beneath, on a black marble tablet : —
Michael Murgatroid Eboracensis, Eichardi Gascoigni armigeri alum
nus, olim Collegii Jesu apud Cantabrigienses socius, posiea Johanni
Whitgift Arohiepiscopo Cantuarien si ab
epistolis, inde ejus familite Censor sive
Contrarotulator, deniq Dispensator sive
Senescallus, et ad Facultates in alma
Curia Cantuariensi Commissiarius : vixit
annis 56 mensis 4, diebus 12 ; obiit tertio
die Aprilis anno salutis humanse 1608.

Michael Murgatroid was se
cretary to Archbishop Whitgift.
In the nave, on the ground,
on a large black marble ledger,
was the effigy in brass of a man,
and the indents of the figures of
a AVoman and child. The brass
and the inscription plate are
gone, but the following are the

words Avliich
tained : —

the latter con-

Here lieth interred the body of John Packinton, late
of the Parsonage of tljis Towne of Croydon, who decea
sed the XXII day of June, An. Dom. 1607, leving issue, one
Onely childe Henry Packinton by Anne his wife, who
yet surviving, at her decease, appoynteth heare
her place of buriall.*

* Aubrey's Antiquities of Surrey, vol. ii.

234 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
On the same stone, a little lower: —

¦")

Curteous Eeader, knowe that here doth lye
A rare example of true pietie.
Whose glorie 'twas to prove herselfe in life
A vertuous wooman, and a loyall wife.
Her name to you obscurely lie impart
In this her Anagrame no arme but Hart ;
And least you joyne amis and soe loose y" name,
Looke underneathe & you shall find y'^ same.
Martha Burton, y" wife of Barnard Burton, Esq.,
deceased y'^ 20h day of November, and was buryed
y'' 26h day, An" Dni, 1668.
On a black marble ledger, on the ground, at the entrance
of the north aisle, from the west : —
Here lieth the body of
Marmaduke Wyvell, Esq^,
and one of y« King's Majie*" Pentioners,
second Sonne to S'' Marmaduke Wyvell,
of Cunstable-Burton, in Yorksheire, Knight and Barronet,
who dyed y*^ xx"' of August, 1623, aged 58.
Juxta hie jacet
In spem certam resurgendy (sic oiig.) Depositum
Corpus Marmaduci Wyvell, Armigeri,
Filii secundo — geniti Dni Marmaduci
Wyvell, de Cunstable-Burton, in Agro
Eboracensi, Equitis & Baronetti
Ibidemque reconduntur Corpora Mar
maduci et Judithaj filise ejusdem
Marmaduci Wyvell, supra nominati :
Beati sunt pulveros,
Quibus promittitur a Christo
Eesurrectio ad gloriam in Eegno suo :
Adveniat cito ora tu etiam Lector,
Obiit 2 die Mar'J 1678, astat su£c 69.

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 235
Not far from Archbishop Whitgift's tomb, on a ledger: —
M.S.
To the memory of y" worthy
Lady Elizabeth Gresham,
Late wife of Sir William
Gresham, Knight, who, after
She had lived 72 yeares.
Unspotted in her conversation.
Charitable to the poore,
Sincere in Eeligion, Ee-
signed up her soule into the
hands of her Creator, upon y<^
9th day of December, 1632,
& Lieth here interred in
hope of a glorious
Eesurrection.
For a Memoriall of which
Singular virtues her deare &
only Daughter, E. G., hath
consecrated this marble as a
Duty she could
Performe.
In the north aisle : — -
Memorise Sacrum :
To the pious memorye of his religious Father,
Ealph Smith, who deceased the 26
of Sept. 1639, aged 83. Thomas
Smith did lay this marble
as a grateful testi-
monye of his
Filial Duty.
So well thou lov'st God's House, tho' beinge blind
Thou came oft thither, lighted by thy mind ;
Where thou didst offer such a sacrifice
As few do now present that have their eyes.

236 MOXUAIENTS AND EPITAPHS.
A bleeding harte of sinne in sorowe Dround,
Sustain'd by Hope and with Devotion cround ;
Therefore thou dost deserve an abler Pen,
Whose spritely Lines mighte stir up zeale in men
To write thine Epitaph, I am sure of this.
What thou dost want in Words thou hast in Blisse.
In the nave, on the ground, on a rough marble, with
arms : — Here lieth interred the body of the truly pious and
singularly accomplish'd Lady Dame Euth Scudamore,*
daughter to Griffith Haraden, of Hamden, in the county
of Bucks, Esq. ; first married to Edw. Oglethorpe, Esq.,
sonn & heir to Owen Oglethorpe, in the county of
Oxford, Knight, and by him had 2 daughteis ;
after to S"' Philip Scudamore,
of Burnham, in the county of Bucks, K'; and lastly to
Henry Leigh, Esq'^-, sonn and heir to S"'' Edw. Leigh,
of Eushall, in the county of Stafford, K'',
by him had one son, named Samuel, now living.
She dyed at Croydon, March 28, 1649,
being the 73rd year of her age.
Also, in the nave, on a brass plate, with arms: —
Here lyeth buried the body of Nicholas Hatcher,
of Croydon, in the county of Surry, Gentleman, who was
Captaine of a Troop of Horse, under his
Most Sacred Majestic King Charles the First,
and Yeoman-Usher in Ordinary to His Majestic
King Ciiarles the Se-ond.
Who departed tliis life the 29th of September, in the year
of our Lord God 1673, aged 09 years.
In the chancel of St. Nicholas, arainst the south wall,

Lady Scudamore was aunt to the patriot, Hampden.

-fet

'?ZJ,

'^t^.

'J

i is'
MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 237
and next to that of Warham, was a splendid monument to
the memory of Archbishop Sheldon, representing the re
cumbent effigy of the Prelate, in his archiepiscopal robes
and mitre (Plates xviii. and xix.). His left hand sustained
his head, and in his right was a crosier. There was great
individuality in the physiognomy of the Prelate, which,
together with the mitre, was very nicely sculptured. The
drapery of the figure, however, was not in good taste, and
it was, moreover, carved in a bad piece of marble. Round
the sarcophagus portion of the monument, executed in
bold relief, are the remains of an allegorical kind of sub
ject, in which winged hour-glasses, bits of coffin, bones,
worms, and dirt commingle. The composition of this
relief Avas excellent; the gradual manner in which it
increased from the sides to the centre, skilfully rendered,
whilst the critical accuracy of the knowledge displayed
Avas indeed surprising.
Alas ! that so great a triumph of the sculptor's art
should have been subjected to such a fire. The Prelate's
grand countenance, and the cherubim above, are smashed ;
whilst of the inimitable sculpture on the sarcophagus,
those finer touches, that stamped it as the work of genius,
have perished.
The statuary was by Joseph Latham, mason to the city
of London, and the whole was the work of English artists,
a circumstance confirmed by Virtue, and which deserves
to be known, as from the low state of the arts in England
at that period the credit of executing this monument has
been unjustly ascribed to foreigners.*

* See The Present State of England, 1683, p. 152.

238 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
On the tablet above the statue of the Archbishop was
the following inscription : — Hie jacet
Gilbertus Shehlon,
Antiqua Sheldoniorum familia.
In agro StafTordiensi natus,
Oxonii
bonis literis enutritus,
S, S°' Theologise Doctor insignis;
Coll. Omnium Animarum Gustos prudens et fidelis,
Academise Cancellarius Munificentissimus,
Eegii Oratorii Clericus,
Car. I™° B : Martyri Charissimus ;
sub Serenissimo E. Carolo IP",
MDCLX, magno illo Instaurationis anno,
Sacelli Palatini Decanus,
Londinensis Episcopus ;
MDCLXII, in secretions Concilii ordinem
eooptatus ;
MDCLXIII, ad dignitatis AECHIEPISCOPA LIS apicem
evectus. VIE
Omnibus Negotiis Par, omnibus Titulis Superior,
In Eebus adversis Magnus, in prosperis Bonus,
Utriusque Fortune Dominus ;
Pauperum Parens,
Literatorum Patronus,
Ecclesise Stator.
De tanto Viro
Pauca dicere non expedit, Multa non opus est ;
Norunt Prsesentes, Posteri vix credent :
Octogenarius
Animam Piam et Coelo Maturam
Deo reddidit
v Id. ix B™
MDCLXXVII.
Surmounting the tablet, on Avhich the foregoing was

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 239
inscribed, were cherubim supporting a shield of arms —
viz., the arms of the See of Canterbury impaling arg. on
a chev. gu., three sheldrakes of the first; on a canton of
the second, a rose of the last; with motto, " Fortiter et
Suaviter." Before the tomb of Warham, on a ledger : —
Here lieth the body of
Sir Joseph Sheldon, K',
some time L'' Mayor of London,
the eldest son of Ealph Sheldon, Esq'',
who was the elder brother of Gilbert Sheldon,
L"' Archbishop of Canterbury.
He left issue two daughters, Elizabeth & Ann,
and died Aug''' y<= 16", 1681,
in the 5P' year of his age.
On a handsome A'eined marble monument, in the north
gallery, adorned with arms ; the monument was broken to
bits : — Sacred to the memory of John Parker, Esq.,
formerly of London,
who died the 6th of March, 1706, aged 46 years, and is here interred.
Also of
Elizabeth, his relict, who died the 10th of August, 1730, aged 70 years.
This pair, whilst they lived together, were
A pattern for conjugal behaviour ;
He a careful indulgent husband,
She a tender engaging wife;
He active in business, punctual to his word.
Kind to his family, generous to his friend.
But charitable to all ;
Possest of every social virtue.
During her, widowhood,
She carefully & virtuously
Educated five children,
Who survived her :

240 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
She was an excellent economist,
Modest without affectation,
Eeligious without superstition ;
And in every action behaved
With uncommon candour and steadiness.
In St. Nicholas' Chancel, on the ground, adjoining the
east wall, on a black marble ledger : — ¦
Depositum
Gulielmi Wake
Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis,
Qui obiit XXIV Januarii, Anno Dom. MDCCXXXVI.
iEtatis suis LXXIX.
Et
Etheldredse uxoris ejus,
Qufe obiit XI Aprilis MDCCXXXV,
.^tatis suso LXII.
Archbishop Wake died at Lambeth Palace : he was in
terred here in a private manner.
On a neat white marble tablet, affixed to the wall, nearly
opposite the last, now destroyed : —
Beneath are deposited the remains of the most reverend
John Potter, D.D. , Archbishop of Canterbury,
who died October X. MDCCXLII,
in the LXXIV year of his age.
On the ground, adjoining the east wall of the same
Chancel, on a black marble ledger : —
Here lyeth the body of
The most reverend D"' Thomas Herring,
Archbishop of Canterbury,
AVho died March, 13, 1757, aged 64.

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

241

V

\i

\

M'

On an oval white marble tablet,
affixed to the wall opposite Arch
bishop Sheldon's monument, was the
following inscription: —
Beneath this place were deposited
the remains of
Thomas Brigstock, Esq. ;
he died of a decline, 27th October, 1792,
in the 17th year of his age.
If a suavity of manners and goodness of mind
could have preserved his life, he would
not now been numbered among
the dead.
On the wall at the south-east end of
the nave Avas an elegant column of
AA-'hite marble, supporting a funereal
urn, designed by Glover, the author of
" Leonidas." Of this monument, which
was erected to the memory of Philippa
Bourdieu, the subjoined is a representa
tion. Affixed to the wall, at the north-east
end of the naA^e, was another column
of white marble, also supporting a
funereal urn ; it bore the following
inscription : —

Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Anne Bourdieu,
wife of John Bourdieu, Esq., of Golden Square, London.
She departed this life
the XXIII of March, MDCCXCVIII,
aged XXXI years.

242 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS,
A virtuous daughter and a sister kind,
A tender mother, and a wife refin'd.
Who all the various dues of life sustain'd,
Inspir'd by wisdom, and in honour train'd,
Lies here entomb'd ; here virtue, beauty, grace,
Eeady for heav'n, have run their earthly race ;
Yet to the shorten'd course of youth confin'd,
She shew'd but glimpses of her glorious mind ;
Where multitudes of virtues pass'd along,
Each moving onward in the lovely throng.
To kindle admiration, and make room
For greater multitudes that were to come ;
But her vast mind, rich with such gifts divine.
In heaven's eternal year alone could shine.
On the eastern Avail of St. Mary's chancel was a monu
ment by Flaxman, representing an angel bearing up a
female. Above the figures were these words : —
Then
Shall the good be received
into life everlasting.
Under — Sacred to the Memory of
ANN,
The beloved wife of James Bowling,
of the Borough of Southwark,
(and daughter of the late Mr. James Harris, of this place :)
who after two days' illness only,
exchanged this life for a better, on the 26th of April, 1808,
in the 25th year of her age.
Bright excellence ! with every virtue fraught,
Such may we be by thy example taught ;
Pure in the eye of Heaven like thee appear.
Should we this hour death's awful summons hear ;
Like thee, all other confidence disown.
And, looking to the cross of Christ alone.
In meekness tread the paths thy steps have trod.
And find with thee acceptance from our God.

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MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 243
Her husband, under the strongest bonds of affection,
has caused this monument to be erected,
in testimony of his everlasting regard, and gratitude,
to a most affectionate wife, and kind friend.
This (see Plate xx.) was a beautiful memorial, displaying
the tender feeling and purity of style for which many of
the works of this celebrated artist are so justly distinguished.
Flaxman was the most illustrious of modern sculptors, and
although his learning and acquaintance with the usages
and customs of the ancients are more conspicuous in his
larger designs, from Homer, Dante, &c., yet it is, we
think, in the pathetic allegorical class of subjects to which
this monument belonged that his genius peculiarly shines.
With the exception of the inscription it was shattered into
fragments.* It was in front of this last-named tomb that, on Sep
tember 19th, 1815, John Singleton Copley, the distinguished
artist, father of the still more celebrated Lord Lyndhurst,
was buried,
John Singleton Copley was born at Boston, in America,
in 1737, He visited Italy in 1774, and came to England
in 1776. In this country Copley spent the remainder of
his life, in the diligent and successful practice of his art.
He drew correctly, but was an inferior colourist. Copley
painted very slowly, and required very long sittings.
While he was at Windsor, painting his picture of the
three princesses, Mary, Sophia, and Amelia, daughters
of George IIL, when children, "the attendants, children,
dogs, and parrots, became equally wearied; the attend-

* The plaster cast from the original clay model of Mrs. Bowling's
Monument is preserved in the Flaxman Gallery at University College,
Gower Street. G

244 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
ants complained to the Queen, the Queen complained to
the King, and the King complained to West, who had
obtained the commission for Copley, and succeeded in
convincing the King that the painter must be allowed to
go on his own way, and take his own time." The result
is one of Copley's finest pictures in arrangement and
colour.* The artist's historic productions are — "The
Death of Lord Chatham ;" " King Charles ordering the
Arrest of the Five Members of Parliament;" "The
Death of Major Pierson;" "The Assassination of Buck
ingham ;" " King Charles signing Strafford's Death War
rant ;" " King Charles addressing the Citizens of London ;"
" The Five Impeached Members brought back in triumph
to Westminster;" "The Speaker thanking the Sheriffs
for Protecting the Impeached Members;" " The House ot
Commons Visiting the Army on Hounslow ;" " The Six
Aldermen of London Visiting General Monk;" "The
Lord Mayor Presenting a Gold Cup to Monk;" "Monk
conducting the Excluded Members back to Westminster
Hall;" "The King's Escape from Hampton Court;"
" The Destruction of the Floating Batteries during the
Siege of Gibraltar;" "Brooke Watson saved from the
Shark ;" etc.
Beneath where Flaxman's monument was fixed, lies
Lewis Nockalls Cottingham, the architect, who died on
the 13th of October, 1847. In his day Mr. Cottingham
M^as professionally engaged on various important works.
He restored the toAver, etc., of Rochester Cathedral, and
the Chapel of Magdalen College, Oxford : he also was
employed upon the Restoration of Armagh Cathedral. It
was chiefly owing to Cottingham's influence that the Ladye
* Mrs. Jameson.

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 245
Chapel at St. Saviour's, Southwark, was nat pulled down :
he likewise successfully interfered to prevent the destruc
tion of the west front of St. Alban's Abbey ; of this fabric
he afterwards restored the roof, and other portions.
Cottingham was the author of a work, useful to archi
tects, upon Henry the Seventh's Chapel, Westminster.
He wrote, also, concerning the tomb of Bishop de Shepey,
which he discovered at Rochester.
Also affixed to the east wall of St. Mary's Chancel was a
tablet, to the memory of Major- General Sir Ephraim
Garrish Stannus. Sir E. Stannus, Knight, Companion of
the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, was Colonel of
the 2nd European Regiment of Light Infantry of the
Bombay Establishment. After a career of distinguished
services in India, Arabia, and Persia, he was selected by
the Honourable East India Company for the responsible
office of Lieutenant-Governor of their military seminary
at Addiscombe, where, in the discharge of his duty, Sir
Ephraim died suddenly on the 21st of October, 1850. He
was buried in the Churchyard of St. John the Baptist.

EPITAPHS IN THE OLD CHURCHYARD.
On a large vault, near the north entrance —
This is the burial place of the Gardiner family, of Haling.
On the outside of the wall of St. Nicholas' Chauntry
was a white marble tomb, enclosed with iron palisades,
bearing the following inscription : —
Beneath this Tomb repose the remains of
The Eight Hon. Lady Catharine Sheldon, late Phipps,
who died in January, 1738 ;

246 MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.
John Sheldon, Esq., of Mitcham,
who died in March, 1752 ;
The Eight Hon. Constantine Phipps, Baron Mulgrave,
who died in September, 1775 ;
The Eight Hon. Lady Lepel Phipps, Baroness Mulgrave,
who died in March, 1780 ;
Eichard Sheldon, Esq., of Lincoln's-inn-fields, who died
the 15th February, 1795, aged 72 years.
liines preserved by Ducarel, which were formerly on a
rail in the churchyard : —
Thou shalt do no murder, nor shalt thou steal,
Are the commands Jehovah did reveal ;
But thou, 0 wretch ! who without fear or dread
Of thy tremendous Maker, shot me dead
Amidst my strength and sin — hut. Lord, forgive,
Aa I through boundless mercies hope to live !
On a vault near the north entrance : —
Mr. William Burnet, born January 29, 1685 ;
died October the 29th, 1760. What is man ?
To-day he's drest in gold and silver bright.
Wrapt in a shroud before to-morrow night;
To-day he's feasting on delicious food.
To-morrow, nothing eats can do him good ;
To-day he's nice, and scorns to feed on crumbs,
In a few days, himself a dish for worms ;
To-day he's honour'd, and in great esteem.
To-morrow, not a beggar values him ;
To-day he rises from a velvet bed.
To-morrow, lies in one that's made of lead ;
To-day, his house, though large, he thinks too small,
To-morrow, can command no house at all ;

MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS. 247
To-day, has twenty servants at his gate,
To-morrow scarcely one will deign to wait ;
To-day, perfum'd and sweet as is the rose.
To-morrow, stinks in every body's nose ;
To-day, he's grand, majestic, all delight,
Ghastly & pale before to-morrow night.
Now, when you've wrote & said whate'er you can,
This is the best that you can say of man !

Many parish registers, and amongst the number that of
Croydon, commence in 1538, when Cromwell, Vicar-
General, issued an order for parish registers to be kept
throughout the kingdom.
The following averages of Baptisms and Burials, gleaned
from this Parish Register by Ducarel and Lysons, enable
us to judge respecting the comparative state of the popu
lation of Croydon, during the periods embraced by the
dates mentioned.

Averag(

s of Baptisms.

Avera

ge of Burials.

1580—1589 .

67 .

.

43

1730—1750 .

116| .

1371
1760—1780 .
127 .
129
1780—1789 .
150| .
130
From these documents we learn, that the number of
persons who fell A^ictims to the Plague at Croydon,
From July 20, 1603,
to April 16, 1604, was .
. 158
In the year 1625
. 76
Ditto 1626
24
Di]tto 1631
. 74
From July 27, 1665,
to March 22, 1666 .
. 141
In a note it is stated that "from the 11th to the 18th
PAEISH REGISTER. 249
of August, 1603,-3054 persons died of the Plague in
London and the liberties thereof, and that many died in
the highways, neare about the citie," and that, "from the
25th of August to the first of September, 3385 persons
died." The following instances of longevity are recorded: —
"Alice Miles, 100 annos nata, was buried Mar. 6, 1633 —
4." "Margaret Ford, aged 105 years, was buried Feb. 2,
1714 — 5." "John Baydon, aged 101 years, buried Dec.
12, 1717." "Elizabeth Giles, widow, aged 100, was
buried Aug. 17, 1729." "Elizabeth Wilson, from the
Black Horse, aged 101, was buried March 17, 1771."
The following miscellaneous items are arranged accord
ing to their respective dates : —
On June 10, 1552, "Alexander Barckley, sepult." This
was Barkley, the poet.
1560. " Syr Wyllm Coke, clerke, vicar of Croydon, was
buryed the xxvij day of Marche."
1563. "Mr. Wyllm Heron, justyce, was buryed the x
day of January."
— "Nicolas Voode, the son of the good wyfe of the
grewond (Greyhound), was buryed the xxix"' day of
January." 1568. " Syr Nicolas Heron, Knight, deceassed the fyrst
day of September, and was buryed the ix day of the same
month." 1578. " This Candlemas was the great snowe."
—"Lady Mary Heron [widow of Sir Nicholas] was
buryed the xx day of Apryll, and her funerall was made
the xxiiij day of Apryll."
1579. "Richard Gornarde, the son of Bryan Gornarde,
was chrystened the viiij day of Marche." This Avas Sir
Richard Gurney, the celebrated Lord Mayor of London."

250 PARISH REGISTER.
1581. "Richarde Ffinche, clerke, vycar of the paroyche
churche of Croydon, was buryed the ix"' day of Aprill,
anno dni. 1581™, regni Eliz. 23''°."
— "Edmunde Grindali, L. Archbushop of Canterburie,
deceased the vj day of Julye, and Avas buryed the fyrste
day of Auguste, anno dni. 1583, and anno regni Eliza
bethae 25."
1584. "Bonaventure Ryder, travelynge between
Wonswthe and Croydon, was found dead in Waddon
mill, upon the xxx day of Julye, and was buried the iiij
clay of August abovesayd."
1585. "Memoranda. — That on the xxv"' day of Julye
word was broght to the toAvne of Croj'don, that there lay
one dead in a close nye Pollarde hill, Avho was putrified
and stanck in most horrible manner ; wherefor none cold
be gotten by the officers to bringe hym : whereupon he
lay there tyll the tuesday at nyghte after, beinge the
xxvii"' day, at Avhich tyme the Vicar [Samuel Fynche
primiLs] hired one Robert Woodwarde, and they two went
unto hym, and found hym lyeng on his backe, w"' his legs
pulld up to hym & his knees lying wide, his right hand
lying on his right legge, & his left crosse his stomacke,
the skin of his face & the hear [of] his hed beaten of w*''
the weather no pportyon in the lineaments of his body to
be proavecl, they ware so putryfied, a rnt. rottii canvas
dublet, & his hose ragged, a blacke felt hat av"' a cypres
bande, and two laces tyed at thende of the band. Wood
ward digged the grave hard by hym where he lay, and
they two pulled hym in, w"' each of them a long foke."
" Wm. Edsone beinge sicke (as he confessed to his wife,
Willm. Andrews & one Hedd of Streatham) yet con
strained hymselfe to goe forth to mowinge grasse at
Streatham the xxiv"' day of Julye, & comming home from

PARISH REGISTER. 251
thence betwene Streatham bridge and the further Norberie
gate, fell downe dead, & was buried the xxv'^ day of
Julye." — "Roger Pryce leaninge on a calyver charged w"'
hayle shotte on his left side, his matche in the same hande,
the peece discharged soddenlye & kylled hyme presently,
savinge as much tyme as wherein he prayed the standers
by to pray to God for hym, & soe fallinge downe, desiered
God hartely to forgive hym all hys synnes, and soe dyed
the xxAa'^'' day of Julye. And was buried the xxvij"'."
1589. "Elizabeth, the daughter of John Kynge &
Clemence wyfe of Samuell Ffynche l^prvnus'] vycar by
the space of vij yeares, mother of V children at severall
byrthes, of the age of xxj yeares ; deceased the xvij*^ day
of November, and was buryed the xviij*, anno dni. 1589."
1596. "Memoranda, that wheras Samuell Ffynche,
Vicar of Croydon, lycensed Clemence Kinge, the wyfe of
John Kynge, brewar, to eate fleshe in the tyme of Lente,
by reason of her sicknesse, wch lycence beareth date the
xxix*'' day of Ffebruary ; and further, that she the sayde
Clemence doth as yet contynue sicke, and hath not re
covered her health : Knowe ye therfor, that the sayd
lycence continueth still in force, and for the more efficacie
therof, ys here registred accordinge to the statute in the
psence of Thomas Mosar, Churchwarden of the said
parishe of Croydon, the vij* day of Marche, in the xxxviij
yeare of the Queene's ma'" moste gratious raigne, And for
the registringe therof ther is paid unto the curate ivd."
— "John Whitgifte, Archbusliop of Canterburie, de
ceassed at Lambith on Wednesday at viiij of the clocke in
the eveninge, beinge the laste day of February. And
was brought the day foUowinge in the eveninge to Croy
don, And Avas buried the morninge folio winge by two of

252 PARISH REGISTER.
the clocke in the chappell Avhere his pore people doe
usuallie sitte.* His ffunerall was kepte at Croydon the
xxvij"' day of Marche followinge. Anno dni. 1604 Anno.
regni dni nri Regis Jacobi Secundo. "t
1607. April. — " Rycharde Esteinge, a young man,
beinge killed suddenlye w"' a stroke of thunder & light-
ninge on the [neck] & under the right eare : but nothinge
but blacknesse seene, & the  of  s wealed,
was buried the xix*** day : and smelt of Brimstone ex-
ceedingle." December, 1607. — "The greatest ffrost began ye ix"'
day of this month. Ended on Candlemas-eve."
1608. — " Mychaell Murgatrode, Esquire: deceassed at
London the x day, and was buried at Croydon the xii day
of Aprill, anno dni. 1608." This gentleman was Secretary
to Archbishop Whitgift.
1609.^ — -" Ffranncis Tyrrell, cytezin & marchante of
London, was buried the first day of September, and his
ffunerall was kept at London the xiij"' day of the same
month. He gave tAvo hundred poundes to the parishioners
of Croydon, to builde them a newe market-house, and
ffortie pounds to repaire our churche, and ffortie shillings
* From the wording, "in the chappell where his pore people doe
usuallie sitte," it has been by some supposed that. Archbishop Whitgift
was not buried in Croydon Church, but in the chapel of the Hospital
which he founded. However, any doubt that may have once existed on
the subject is now set at rest, since the coflBn of the Archbishop was
seen under his monument in St. Nicholas' chancel or chapel, during the
rebuilding of Croydon Church.
f "The custom of celebrating the funerals of eminent persons some
time after their interment in the church of the parish where they had a
residence, which continued many years after the Eeformation, accounts
for the above entry in the registry." — Gough's Sepulchral Monuments in
Great Britain.

PARISH REGISTER. 253
a yeare to our pore of Croydon for xviij years, wyth
manie other good and greate legacyes to the citie of
London." 1614-5, Feb. 12.— "This was the day of the terrible
snowe, and the Sonday followinge a greater."
1631, June 25th. — "William Arnold, a young man, et
magna .ipei, was buryed."
1633, Jan. 30. — Sepult. " Ralph Smith, yeoman of the
guard." — " George Abbot, Lord Archbishop of Cant., deceased
at Croydon upon the 4* day of August, 1633. His funerall
was with great solemnity kept in the church here, upon
the third day of Septemb. following : and the next day
his corps was convaide to Guilford, and there buryed
according to his will."
1636, Sep. 9. — Bap. " Thomas Har\'y, the sonne of Mr.
Eliab Harvy." This Thomas Harvy was nephew to Dr.
William Harvey, the celebrated discoverer of the circula
tion of the blood. It is supposed that several of the family
are buried at Croydon.
1643.— May 12.— " Sir Hugh Wirrall, Knight, was
buried." 1649, March 29.—" My Lady Scudamore buried." Lady
Scudamore was aunt to the patriot Hampden, and to Ed
mund Waller, the poet.
1675, Ap. 11. — Mr. Wm. Crow, Schoolmaster, was
buried. He was a Chaplain of Whitgift's Hospital, and
was author of a Catalogue of English Writers on the Old
and New Testaments, 1659, which has been frequently
printed. Melancholy to relate, this gentleman committed
suicide. 1677, November 16.— "Gelbert Sheldon, laite Arch
bishop of Canterbury, buryed."

254 PARISH REGISTER.
Under date March 31, 1722, the Croydon Register con
tains an entry to the effect, that 6 men were executed at
Thornton Heath on that day : another entry, dated April,
1723, reports the execution of 4 other criminals, also at
Thornton Heath. From such dreadful notes as these it
may be inferred that, formerly, highway robbery was a
crime of no unfrequent occurrence upon the London road.
— " Dr. William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury, died
at his palace at Lambeth, January 24, 1736, and was
brought to Croydon and buried FeV 9, and his lady, which
Avas buried at Lambeth the April, 1731, was taken up and
brought to Croydon the next day, and put in the vault
with him."
1743. October. — " George Brigstock was killed at
Chelsham with a fall from his horse & buried y" 27."
1745. August. — "Richard Cooper, son of Thomas, was
droAvnded in a hog-tub & buried y" 8."
— December, " Dame Lady Jane Cox now Collier wife
of y" Rev. M^ Nathaniel Collier (was buried) y" 29"'."
1746. January. — " James Fiz-Parti'ick a soulder was
shott to death for desertion and buried on Bansteed Downs
y= 27."
--"Dr. John Potter, Archbishop of Canterbury, was
buried October 27th, 1747."
1748. " Plugh Benbridge, killed by a soldier the 22 of
February, and buried y" 29."
1749. "Robert Saxby, servant to John How, Esq., of
the parish of Oxteed, in Surrey, was robed and murdred
at the end of Breach Lane, on Saterday, y" 17"' of March,
and buried y° 21."
1749, August 30. — " James Cooper, a highwayman, was
executed on a gibet in Smithden Bottom, and there hanged
in chains, for murdering and robing of Robert Saxby,

PARISH EEGISTER. 255
groom to John How, Esq., of Barrowgreen, in the Parish
of Oxteed in Surry, on the 17th of March, 1749, near
Orome Hurste."
— " Dr. Thomas Herring, Archbishop of Canterbury,
died at his palace at Croydon, and was buried Mar. 24th,
1757." 1760, September. — " John Dowsett was killed by a fall
in repearing the roof of the Church, y® 5."

APPENDIX.

No. L
zmm of zxmmov ^m^mtft
Extracted from the Principal Eegistry of the Probate, Divorce and
Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice.
In the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.
In the Name of God Amen — the seaven and twenteth daie of
October in the yeare of our Lorde God one thowsand sixe hundrethe
and in the twoe and forteth yeare of the Eaigne of our Soveraigne
Lady Elizabethe by the grace of God Queene of England Fraunce and
Irland Defender of the Faith &? I JOHN WHITGIFT Archbushopp
of Canterbury &? being of pfect memory through the grace of God
reuoking all other testaments and Wills heretofore by me made doe
make and ordaine this my last Will and Testament in maner and forme
following First I yeild vpp and give my self wholly to God the Father
God the Sonne and God the Holye Ghoste three psonns and one eternall
and everlasting God assuring my self that by the meritts of Jesus
Christe onely I shalbe saued and live w* him for ever my body I comitt
to be buryed where it shalbe thought convenient by my Executors
herunder named and in such maner and sorte according to my callinge
as my hability will serve avoidinge as much as male be all superfluous
and vaine expences yet my desire is if that I dye in Surrie to be buried
in Croydon in the Chappell there within the pishe Churche w* I haue
appointed for my poore and Schollers to sitt in at the tyme of divine
Service And if I dye in Kente then my desire like wise is to be buried
in the Cathedrall Churche at Canterbury And touching my worldlie
goodes wherw"' it hathe pleased Almighty God to endue mee I will and
dispose as followeth Item I give and bequeathe to my Successor in the
Archbushopricke of Canterbury the Organes remaining in the Chappells
at Lambeth and Croydon and also the musicall instrument in the
Chamber at Lambethe called the Presence Chamber and the instrument

258 APPENDIX.
of musick in the lobye or entraunce into the same Chamber and all the
pictures vppon tables and the Mappes being in my gallery at Lambithe
at the tyme of my decease vppon condition that he shall not molest or
call myne Executors into question or suite in lawe for anye dilapidations
to be pretended against them as myne Executors w"*" suite cannot iustlie
be comensed or prosequuted it being considered that to my greate
charge I haue in my liffe tyme made and done all such reparations as
haue bene necessary and also have bestowed much over and above
those reparations to the bettering of the howses and appurtennces of
the Archbushoprick for the comodious vse and to the benefitt of my
successors Item I give and bequeathe to the Warden and poore of the
Hospitall of the Holy Trinitye in Croydon of the Foundation of John
Whitgift Archbushopp of Canterbury all the timber boordes brick lyme
stones lathes ladders and other suche like provision and thinges plaining
to buildinge as shall remaine in the said Hospitall and the groundes
therunto belonging at the tyme of my deathe Also I give vnto them
for theire comon vse all such kitchin stuffe as spitts and yrons potts
kettles pewter and such like as shalbe remaiuing in the kitchin there at
the tyme of my deathe Item I doe give and bequeathe to John
Whitgift my nephewe my howse in the pishe of Shorne in the County
of Kent called Shorne howse together w"' the gardeins and orchards and
all other landes therunto belonging and likewise I doe give and bequeathe
to him all other my landes howses tenements and hereditaments what
soever in the pish of Shorne aforsaid Item I give and bequeath to
my said nephewe John Whitgift one messuage or tenement one barne
one garden twoe closes of vpland and divers peeces and pcells of fresh
marsh land containing by estimation forty and eight acres be there more
or lesse scituate lying and being in the pishes of I'airefeild and Ware-
horne and every or any of them in the County of Kent w°'' I latelie
bought and purchased of Willm Eedman now Bushopp of Norwich
w* all my evidences conveyaunces and other writings whatsoever w°'^ I
haue concerninge the same landes tenements and hereditaments To
haue and to hold all the forsaid howses landes tenements and heredita
ments in Fairefeild Warehorn and Shorne w"' theire appurtennces to
him the said John Whitgift and to the heires of his body lawfully
begotten and for lack of suche heires I doe give and bequeathe the
same howses landes tenements and hereditaments to my neece Elizabethe
Coles and to the heires of her body lawfully begotten And for lack of
such heires I doe give and bequeathe the same howses landes tenements
and hereditaments to my neece Jane Bradbury and to the heires of her
bodie lawfullie begotten And for lack of such heires I doe give and
bequeathe the same to my neeco Bridgett Whitgift and lo the heires of

APPENDIX. 259
her body lawfullie begotten And for lack of such heires I will the
same to remaine to the right heires of mee the said John Whitgift
Archbushop of Canterbury for ever Item I give and bequeathe to my
said nephewe John Whitgift all such my ymplements houshold stuff
furniture plate readie monye bookes moveables and vtensiles whatsoever
as shall remaine or be in my forsaid howse in Shorne at the tyme of my
deathe Item I give and bequeathe vnto Willm Whitgift my brother
one of my best horsses or geldings w"' the furniture I likewise give and
bequeath vnto him all that plate w* is in the lesser yron chest in the
custody of Xpofer Wormall and w''' I comonly vse at Lambithe when
my howshold is not there Item I give and bequeathe to my neece
Elizabethe Coles one hundreth poundes Item I give and bequeathe
to my neece Jane Bradbury one hundreth poundes Item I give and
bequeath to my neece Bridgitt Whitgift twoe hundreth poundes and
fifty ounces of plate guilt And to Michaell Mason I give thirty pounds
Item I give and bequeathe to Xpofer Wormall my faithful! servaunt
all my musicall instruments w"*" are in his private custodie I mean vyalls
Eecorders virginalls and Eegalls of the lesser sorte and likewise I give
and bequeathe vnto him the Cabonet w''' was Doctor Awbreis Item I
give vnto him one ringe of gold w"' the picture of a dead mann lying in
his wynding sheete and the silver cupp w"" a cover w"'' I comonly vse to
drinck in at Lambithe in the morninge Item I give and bequeathe to
Eichard Messinger one of my best geldings w"' all the furniture and the
little Standish of silver and guilt w* I vse to carry w"' mee to the Star-
chamber and that siluer candlestick w* is in my Study at Croydon and
the bedd w'^'' I lye in at Croydon w"' all the furniture therto belonginge
Item I give and bequeathe to John Gilpin the bed he lyeth on w*'' all
the furniture therof and also one of my geldings or horses w"" all the
furniture Item I give and bequeathe to George Pawle my good ser
vaunt forty ounces of plate guilt and one gold ring of the value of
forty shillings Item I give and bequeathe to Abraham Hartwell the
third of my gold ringes and my standish of silver remaining at Lambith
vn guilt Item I give to Michaell Murgadrod one of my bibles in viij"
iiij'" or xvj'° at his election Item I give and bequeathe to Nathaniell
Cuxon one livery bedd w"" the furniture and one Annuall pension of
vj" xiij' and iiij"^ by the yeare during his nrall liffe five poundes wherof
is to be paid yearelye owt of the landes I purchased of Frauncis Butler
of Croydon Gent, lying in Croydon being the Annuyty of five poundes
w"""" I graunted vnto him before the conveyaunce of the said landes
made to myne hospitall and thother xxxiij^ iiij"^ to make vpp the said
twenty nobles yearly I doe will and bequeathe to be paid owt of my
landes in Fairefeild and Warehorne in the County of Kent w* I haue
H

260 APPENDIX.
in this my Will before giuen and bequeathed to my nephewe John
AVhitgift as aforsaid likewise I give to the said Nathaniell Cuxon tenn
jioundes in monye Item I give and bequeathe to every one of my menu
remaining in howse w* mee at the tyme of my deathe and being an
ordinary attendant and receaving wages and hauing served mee one
Avholle yeare besides theire wages then due forty shillings a pece Item
I give and bequeathe to the poore of the Citty of Canterbury and the
siiburbes therof one hundreth markes to be distributed or ymployed
to the vse of the poore by the Deane and Archdeacon of Canterbury
Item I give and bequeathe to the poore of Lambith thirty pounds To
the poore of Croydon twentj' poundes to be distributed or imployed to
theire vse by my Executors w"' the advice of the pson and Yiccar there
in theire sewall pishes Item I give and bequeathe to Trinity CoUedg
in Cambridg such of my written pchment bookes as they haue not alreadie
Item I give and bequeathe to Peter Howse in Cambridge the rest of my
pchment written bookes yf they haue not the same Authors before
Item I give also to the said Colledge the byble called Kinge Phillippes
byble in eight volumes in folio yf they haue not one of the same sort
already Item I give and bequeathe to Pembroke Hall in Cambridge
Biblia Compluten in folio in five volumes and the workes of Thomas
Aquinas in xj A^olumes in folio The rest and residue of all my jewells
plate howshold stuffe monyes creditts chattells and goodes of what kinde
quality condition and nature what soever they be of my debts funeralls
and pticuler legacies in this my Will mentioned discharged and paid I
give and bequeathe in maner and forme following viz niymjndeand
will is that the same be deuided into fewer equall ptes of the w'='' I doe
give and bequeathe one entire fourth pte to my brother George Whitgifte
and one other of the fewer ptes I give and bequeath to my neece
Bridgitt Whitgift and one other of the fower ptes I give and bequeathe
to the children of my neece Coles or to suche of them as shalbe then
livinge And the other fourth pte I give and bequeathe to the children
of my neice Bradbury or to such of them as shalbe then livinge equally
amonge them to be deuided And of this my last Will and Testament
I make and ordaine my very louing freiud Eichard Bancroft now Lord
Bushop of London and my loving brother George Whitgift Executors
praying them duly to pforme the same as my trust is in them And I
doe give to my loving freind the said L. Bushop of London for his
paines to be taken in thexecutiuge of this my Will my best gold ringe
at his choice and all my written bookes in pap touchinge matters of
learninge or any waie concerning matters of the Churche And over
and above the said legacies I doe give and bequeath vnto him the said
L. Bushop so much of my guilt plate at his choice as will amount to

APPENDIX, 261
twenty pounds after si.\e shillinges the ounce Item my will and mean
ing is that myne Executors for the better pformaunce of this my last
Will and Testament shall haue and enioy the Chambers w'^'' I haue
reserved to myne owne vse in the Hospitall at Croydon for oue whoUe
yeare next after my deathe and that after thexpiration of the same yeare
my said brother George Whitgift yf he will inhabitt there himself then
that he shall haue and enioy the same Chambers during his liffe And
I doe ordaine and constitute M' Doctor Novill Deane of Canterbury
and M'^ Charles Fotherbye Archdeacon of Canterbury, Overseers of
this my last Will and Testament And I doe give and bequeathe to the
said M' Doctor Nevill Deane of Canterbury the best ringe I haue next
vnto those w'^'' I haue before bequeathed and one pece of plate of thirty
ounces And I doe give to M' Charles Fotherby Archdeacon of Canter
bury my suger boxe of silver in the forme of a skallop shell all guilt
and the siluer candlestick in my study at Lambithe and one pece of
plate of thirty ounces And wheras I haue conveyed over to the Warden
and poore of the Hospitall of the Holy Trinity in Croydon of the
Foundation of John Whitgift Archbushop of Canterbury divers landes
tenements and hereditaments as by the severall conveyaunces in
that behalf by mee done made and suffered dothe and male more
pticulerly appeare for that it maie be that some defect or impfection
maie pchaunee in lawe be found in the said Conveyaunces and assur-
aunces so as my intention and indevor to benefitt the same Hospitall
maie contrary to my desire be hindred and letted to take good effect I
doe therfore in this my last Will & Testament for better confirmation of
the guifte and graunte of those landes w'^'' I haue conveyed vnto the
said Hospitall as also of the forsaid assuraunces thereof made done and
suffered devise give and bequeathe the said landes tenements and
hereditaments vnto the Warden and poore of the Hospitall of the Holy
Trinity in Croydon of the Foundation of John Whitgift Archbushop of
Canterbury and to theire successors for ever And doe further publiehe
and declare that my full mynde & will is that the same my guift and
graunte to the said Hospitall and my conveyaunces and assuraunces
before mentioned shalbe interpreted and taken in moste ample stronge
and beneficiall maner to the benefitt of the said Hospitall to all intentes
and purposes And my will and mynde likewise is and I doe herin will
dispose devise rec^uire and charge my bretheren and theire children and all
others of my blond and kinred and all those of whome I haue purchased
the said landes for the Hospitall and theire heires as they will aunsweare
the contrary before the face of Almighty God at the last daie when all
men's dealinges shalbe laide open that they doe not at anye tyme herafter
disturbe or goe about to impeache or voyde any state conveyaunce or

262 APPENDIX.
assuraunce by mee made done or suffred to the saide Hospitall at Croy
don or to the Warden and poore of the same or to any other to
theire vse And that they make doe and suffer herafter every such acte
and actes assuraunce and assuraunces conveyaunce and conveyaunces
for the better confirmation and assuraunce of the saide landes tenements
and hereditaments to the Hospitall aforsaid when and so often as they
shalbe therunto required by those to whome it maie appertaine And yf
any that are to receave benefitt by this Will shall refuse or delaie so to
doe after request to them made by the space of three monethes Then
my mynde and will is that he or they w* shall so refuse or make such
delaie shall not haue nor take any benefitt by this my last Will and
Testament but in that case that all the benefitt w'"" should haue come
vnto him or them by this my last Will and Testament shall accrue and
growe to the said Hospitall w* I will that myne Executors and Overseers
before named shall as my trust is in them see and procure fully to be
pformed In witnes wherof I haue setto my hande and sealle the daie
and yeare above written — Jo : Cantuae Sealled subscribed and de-
liured in the presence of vs — Daniel Dun — William Bablow — Tho :
Eedman Notarie Publique.
Probatum coram mro Johanne Amy legum doctore Surrogate venabilis
viri Johis Bennett militis et legum Doctoris Curie Prerogatiue Cant (sede
vacan) mri custodis sine comissarij Itime constituti vltimo die mensis
Martij Anno Dni 1604 iuramento Georgij Whitgift fris nralis et Itimj
dicti defuncti et vnius Executors in honoi testo noiatoz Cui Comissa fuit
Administraco &° De bene &° iurat Eeservata potestate similem
comissionem faciendi Eeuendo in Xpo pri et Dno Dno Eich° Bancroft
pmissione divina London Epo executor! etiam in dco testo noiato cum
venerit eam petitur. JOHIS.

Examined J. W.

Certify that this Copy has been examined with
the Oflacia! Copy of the Original Will de
posited in this Eegistry and that it is a true
copy thereof. H. L. STEONG, Eegistrar.

APPENDIX.

No. IL

3in Cl)ancerp.

Master of the Eolls.

Filed 12 Aug*- 1854.

In the Matter of the Warden and Poor of the
Hospital of the Holy Trinity in Croydon
of the Foundation of John Whitgift Arch
bishop of Canterbury.
In the Matter of the Charitable Trusts' Act
1853.
To the Eight Honorable the Master of the Eolls.
The Petition of Sir Alexander James
Edmund Cockburn Her Majesty's
Attorney-General.
Sheweth, 1. That Queen Elizabeth by Her Letters Patent bearing date the
22'"' November in the 38* year of Her Eeign granted that there should
be a Hospital in Croydon which was thereby founded by the name of
the Hospital of the Holy Trinity in Croydon of the Foundation of John
Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury to consist of a Warden and of 6
or any other number under 40 poor persons maintained and relieved
therein and the first Warden and 6 poor persons were thereby appointed
and made a Corporation by the name of the Warden and Poor of the
said Hospital with the usual powers of suing and taking lands and
tenements And it was provided that whenever the Warden should die
or be removed the Archbishop of Canterbury for the time being should
appoint a sufficient and fit person in his place to continue in his ofiice for
life unless removed for some reasonable cause and that whenever any of
the Poor of the said Hospital should die or be removed for any reason
able cause the said Archbishop for the time being should appoint other
poor persons and power was given to tho said Archbishop during his life

264 APPENDIX.
or any person appointed by his Will to make Statutes and Ordinances
concerning the celebration of true religion and divine sen-ices within the
Hospital the government election expulsion punishment and direction
of the Warden and Poor their Stipends and Salaries and whatever else
touching the said Hospital Warden and Poor and the ordering preserva
tion and disposition of the possessions revenues and goods of the said
Hospital and license was granted to the said Warden and Poor to take
and hold lands for the support of the said Hospital not exceeding the
yearly value of £200 the same to be disposed of for the support of the
said Warden and Poor and other Officers and Servants of the said
Hospital according to such Statutes as should be made by the said
Archbishop and for the support and repairs of the houses lands and
possessions thereof and for no other use.
2. That by his Charter bearing date the 25* June 41 Elizabeth
reciting the Act of the 39"' of Elizabeth for erecting Hospitals &c. the
said John Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury being seised in his own
right of a building of brick lately by him erected in Croydon and of
other houses gardens orchards &c. by virtue of the said Act founded and
established the said building and the houses gardens &c. thereto adjoin
ing to be an Hospital for the finding sustentation and relief of certain
maimed poor needy or impotent people to be called the Hospital of the
Holy Trinity &c. and to consist of a Warden and Poor as in the said
Letters Patent mentioned and he therebj' appointed the persons men
tioned in the Letters Patent and 6 other poor persons to be the first
Warden and Poor and for the endowment of the said Hospital he granted
to the said Warden and Poor and their Successors a yearly rent of £10
issuing out of his lands and tenements called Christian Field and
Eycroft containing by estimation 77 acres in the parish of Croydon with
a power of distress in case of non-payment.
3. That Statutes and Ordinances were made by the Founder for the
GoA-ernment of the Hospital to the following effect : — ¦
1. That the Number of Brethren and Sisters should be 30 at
least and so many more under 40 as the Eevenue of the
Hospital might bear until the several rooms therein should
be replenished of the which number of Brethren one should
teach a Common School in Croydon in the School-house
there built and perform such other duties as appointed in
these Ordinances provided that £ 10 should be yearly reserved
for reparations Suits in Law and other necessary charges
and that if any of the places of the brethren or sisters
should happen to be void for one month or more or the

APPENDIX. 20.)
place of the Schoolmaster 3 months or more or if any other
over plus of revenue should remain when all the rooms
should be replenished the allowance that should be due to
such void places and such over plus should be laid up in
the Common Chest of the Hospital as a Stock to be em
ployed for repairing re-edifying defence in Law or for other
common charges.
That at no time above oue half of the whole number (not
counting the Warden or the Schoolmaster should consist of
women and that the poor widows of longest continuance in
Croydon and Lambeth being qualified should be preferred.
That no man woman or child should lodge in the Hospital not
being Members thereof.
That within one month (if conveniently it might be) after it
should be notified by the AVarden or otherwise that the
place of Schoolmaster or of any other of the Poor of the
said Hospital is become void the Archbishop of Canterbury
(for the time being) or the See being void the Parson of
Lambeth and Vicar or Curate of Croydon should nominate
some one qualified according to these Ordinances under his
or their hand and seal who on such nomination should with
out delay be sworn and admitted but that if the Parson of
Lambeth and the Vicar or Curate of Croydon should not
agree within one month after knowledge of the vacancy the
Archdeacon of Canterbury should supply their defect so that
he name such an one as should be qualified according to
these Statutes That the poor Brother appointed to be
Schoolmaster should be a person well qualified for that
function that is to say an honest man learned in the Greek
and Latin Tongues a good versifier therein and able to write
well (if possible it might be) and should have for his dwell
ing during the time he should continue Schoolmaster the
house built for that purpose adjoining the Hospital and near
the School-house with such back sides and grounds as were
appointed to be annexed thereto and also £20 yearly for his
Stipend with such corn or wood as thereafter should happen
to be allotted to other of the poor brethren and that the said
School-house should be for ever employed to that use only
That as often as the place of Warden should be void one of
the poor brethren should be chosen after morning prayer iu
the Chapel of the Hospital within 7 days afterwards as the
greater part of all viz. the Schoolmaster and other poor

266 APPENDIX.
brethren then present should choose but if the voices should
be even then such brother with whom the Schoolmaster had
given his voice but if they should not agree within the time
aforesaid then such Brother as the Archbishop of Canterbury
or (the See being void) the Vicar or Curate of Croydon
should nominate That the office of the Warden should be
to keep one of the keys of the common chests and door of
the Evidence-house to procure that the gates be locked and
opened at due times to be present at all admissions and pay
ing of wages to see that all entries be duly made in the
Ledger book and the evidences safely kept to look in time
to reparations and to all other good husbandry of the
Hospital to require of each of the Brethren and Sisters the
observance of the Statutes to admonish such as should be
negligent or faulty or if the quality of the fault should so
require to complain to the Archbishop or the See being void
to the Custos Spiritualitatis to whom authority was given to
redress the same according to his discretion.
5. That in the first degree the Poor to be placed in the Hospital
should be such men beng honest well reported aged 60 years
at least poor and not otherwise able to get their living who
should have served in the household of the Archbishop
such to be preferred before all others so that there be not
above 3 of them of the said Hospital at one time and before
all others those that should have served or should have been
akin to the founder being impotent and unable otherwise to
get their living tho' they should be under the age or above
the number aforesaid In the second degree such men and
women of the Parishes of Croydon and Lambeth being
honest and of good report of the like age and of the poorest
sort being impotent and not otherwise able to get their
livings and in the third degree in defect of all the former
should be preferred such poor honest persons of good report
of the like age as should be in such parishes in Kent
whereof the parsonage was appropriate to the Archiepiscopal
See and chiefly of such parishes whereof the See should
receive most revenue provided that this Ordinance should not
extend to the Brother who should be appointed Schoolmaster.
6. That the Schoolmaster Warden and every Brother and Sister
should on their admission take the oath therein prescribed.
7. That the Schoolmaster should freely teach such of the children
of the Parish of Croydon without exacting anything for

APPENDIX. 267
their teaching as should be of the poorer sort such as should
be so accounted by the Vicar or Curate of Croydon and two
of the better sort of the inhabitants in Croydon but yet that
it should be lawful for him to receive what should be
voluntarily bestowed upon him by any of the said poorer
sort and for the children of such as should be of the better
sort of the parishioners of Croydon and if he should exact
too much for their teaching or refuse to teach them the same
should be moderated by the Archbishop and both the School
master and scholars should be governed by such Ordinances
aa by the said Founder and after him by his successors
should be devised so that they should not be contrary to his
own Ordinances.
8 That the Warden should have yearly £6 13s. 4d. allowance
The Schoolmaster being a member of the Hospital £20 and
every other poor Brother and Sister £5 a piece over and
beside such wood corn and other provisions to each of them
as should by God's providence and by the devotion of
charitable minded men be allotted to the said Hospital the
money to be paid to them every quarter.
9. That 3 books should be kept that the Schoolmaster should
enter in the first the admittance of every Brother and Sister
with their ages &c. in the second the copies of all leases &c.
and in the third the names of all the benefactors the in
ventory of their moveables and all things of moment con
cerning the Hospital and that the Warden and Schoolmaster
and the Claviger or two of them should receive the rents of
the said Hospital and distribute the same as before limited.
10. Prescribes the daily prayer to be used in the Hospital and
other exercises of piety.
11. Of the porter and his office.
12. In what worldly business they of the Hospital might exer
cise themselves.
13. Is entitled what crimes and other inconveniences are to be
avoided and upon what penalties and herein it is provided
that for certain offences punishable by loss of life limb or
ear the Archbishop or his Deputy or, the See being vacant
the Parson . of Lambeth and Vicar or Curate of Croydon
might expel that every Brother and Sister should nightly
lodge in the Hospital under certain penalties but that with
the License of the Warden they might be absent two months
in any year saving that the Schoolmaster should not be in
any way comprised in this evidence.

268 APPENDIX.
14. That not only all the Sisters should do their careful en
deavours towards those who should be sick or unable through
age or otherwise to help themselves but that two of the
Sisters whom the Warden should think most fit should be
nominated by him expressly for that purpose yearly the day
after Michaelmas and should be called the Eelievers of the
impotent and having well performed that charge should
have at the end of each j ear 6s. 8d. in augmentation of
their allowances.
lo. That in the Eoom in the Gatehouse next to the Street should
be a chest with 3 locks and keys one to be kept by the
Warden another by the Schoolmaster and the third by the
antientest Brother if able to go abroad or else the next that
should be able in which chest should be kept the Common
Seal one copy of these Ordinances and such stock of money
as yearly remaining after all allowances should be reserved
for reparations and other necessary disbursements that in
the same room there should be another chest wherein should
be kept the foundation and donation of the Hospital and all
other evidences well sorted according to the several parcels
of Lands in several boxes and all rentals surveys j'early
accounts and counterparts of Leases.
16. That no Lease or other grant should be made of any Lands
tenements or hereditaments belonging to the Hospital unless^
the Warden Schoolmaster and the greater part of the rest
of the poor Brethren should consent nor unless the accus
tomed yearly rent be thereon reserved nor exceeding 21
years from the making of the same nor unless the Covenants
therein mentioned should be contained therein and that the
Hospital should not increase the rents of the Lands or give
them any higher proportion than according to the rate they
were then let for that in renewing of Leases the present
Farmers should be always preferred doing reasonably for
the benefit of the Hospital as other men would do and that
such money as they should raise by fines or on sale of woods
not being annual in profit or trees or by surplus of their
yearly reyenues or otherwise (all necessary charges being
deducted) should be laid up in their common Treasury and
kept together till it should amount to £100 and that the
overplus beyond £100 should be equally divided by the
Warden Schoolmaster and two of the senior Brethren
amongst all the poor Brethren and Sisters and they to have

APPENDIX. 269
their equal portions with the rest and that the said £100
should be preserved and kept in the chest for any extra
ordinary occasions as for suits in Law reparations of the
Hospital and School-house and such like and as the same
should be by such charges diminished so to be always re
plenished as the receipts should come in.
17. That all the rents and revenues should be paid in the
Hospital to the Warden Schoolmaster and the other Claviger
or in the absence of either of them in the presence of the
next two poor Brethren in antientry that should be able to
stir abroad and that an entry thereof be made in the Ledger
book and the Money laid up in the Common Chest there to
remain till there should be occasion of disbursement thereof
that in the afternoon of the first day of every quarter the
three Clavigers taking forth of the Common Chest so much
only as was then to be disbursed should pay to every one of
the Brethren and Sisters their several allowances making a
note of the receipt thereof in the Ledger book and when
any other occasion should happen for disbursement of money
as for reparation &c. the same should be entered in the
Ledger book and that every year on the 4* December the
Schoolmaster in the presence of the other two Clavigers and
all the other Brethren and Sisters that could and would be
present having cast up before all the accounts for the year
ending at the last Michaelmas should declare and go over the
particulars of the same for the whole year that the Estate of
the Hospital how it should stand might yearly appear to
every one of them and if any arrears should be then found
in anv of the Accountants' hands the same should within
three days at the furthest be delivered to the Clavigers and
laid up as before mentioned.
18. That if any Glass window be broken or other decay by
wilfulness or negligence be made in any private room of the
Hospital the same should be amended by the possessor of
the room and if in any public room by the overseer of the
work at tho charges of the Hospital and that the House
allotted for the Schoolmaster to dwell in should be repaired
at his costs and charges under such penalties as the
Archbishop for the time being should think convenient and
that yearly on the day after Michaelmas the Warden and
Scho'olmaster should appoint one of the Brethren thought to
be most fit thereto to be overseer of the Works and repara-

270 APPENDIX.
tions of the Hospital and School-house for the year
ensuing.
19. That if the Warden or Schoolmaster should be found neg
ligent in performing the charge by these Ordinances imposed
on him such punishment should be inflicted on him as the
said Archbishop in his discretion should think convenient.
20. That the two Chambers over the inner Gatehouse should
remain to the Warden and his Successors.
21. That after the death of the founder the Archbishop of
Canterbury for the time being by himself or other whom he
should appoint should have full power and authority from
time to time not only to interpret any doubt arising out of
these ordinances but also to punish and remove any member
thereof convicted according to these ordinances and the said
Archbishop and his Successors should be the continual
patrons Governors and Visitors of the said Hospital and the
founder earnestly requested them to compose their Contro
versies to protect advise order govern and direct and when
need should require by themselves or by such discreet per
sons as they should think fit in person to visit the Hospital
and to enquire both of the Public state of it and of the
private demeanour of every member thereof which Visitation
he would wish might be at the least every third year whether
there should seem any necessary occasion thereof or not
That once in the year at least within 10 days after Michael
mas these Ordinances should be openly read in the Chapel
of the Hospital and all the Brethren and Sisters admonished
to be there present and for the better Government of the
Hospital because he understood of some discords breeding
amongst the poor that were therein already placed for want
of some discretion and understanding to direct them in
observing the Statutes he appointed that the Vicar of Croy
don for the time being should always have the oversight of
the Warden and Poor as well to direct them in the observing
as to punish them according to the said Statutes Provided
that this Statute should not derogate any authority from the
Archbishop for the time being as a Visitor.
4. That by several Indentures the said Hospital was endowed by the
said John Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury with divers lands and
hereditaments which produce a rental of upwards of £2,000.
5. That by his Injunction dated the 14th day of February 1844

APPENDIX. 271
William Lord Archbishop of Canterbury after reciting that the
revenues of the said Hospital had greatly increased and were likely to
continue increasing and reciting that the number of the Brethren of
the said Hospital including the Warden and Schoolmaster was 18 and
of Sisters 16 making in all 34 Members and reciting a Memorial from
the Warden and Poor of the said Hospital praying that accommodation
and maintenance for 5 additional Members should be afforded and sub
mitting a scheme for that purpose the said Archbishop signified his
approval thereof.
6. That 5 additional Members have accordingly been appointed and
room provided for them in the Hospital.
7. That the Eoom built by the Founder for a School and entered in
the Statutes the School-house was on the establishment of a National
School in Croydon given up with the consent of the Visitor to the Sub
scribers and is still used for the instruction of the Children of that
Institution A Eoom adjoining this Building was reserved to the School
master of the Hospital and having been enlarged by the Subscribers to
the National School it still forms part of the premises in the School
master's occupation.
8. That it is desirable that further provision should be made out of
the Eevenues of the Hospital for Educational purposes and that the
Eio-ht Eeverend John Bird Archbishop of Canterbury the Visitor of the
Hospital has intimated his willingness to consent to a Scheme for this
pui'pose. Tour Petitionee prays your Honor to declare that it is
expedient to apply the prospective increase in the rents
and profits of the Estates of the said Hospital for
purposes of Education and that an enquiry may be
made of what the Charity property consists and that a
Scheme for the administration and management of the
Charity and the application of the rents and profits
thereof having regard to the above declaration may be
settled by the Court and that the costs of this petition
and incident thereto and consequent thereon (including
the costs charges and expenses of your Petitioner) may
be taxed and paid by the said Hospital or that your
Honor will make such other Order as may be deemed
expedient And your Petitioner-&c.
27th July 1854. A. E. Cockbuen.

272 APPENDIX.
The Master of the Eolls doth order that all parties concerned do
attend His Honor hereon on the next day of petitions and that hereof
notice be given forthwith. A. Cox, Secretary.

Master of the Eolls. In the Matter of the Warden and Poor of
the Hospital of the Holy Trinity in Croydon of the Foundation of John
Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury And in the Matter of the Charit
able Trusts Act 1853— Monday 3 P' July 1854
Upon the Petition of Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn
Her Majesty's Attorney General on the 27* day of July
1854 preferred unto the Eight Honorable the Master of the
Eolls and upon hearing Counsel for the Petitioner and for
the Arch'' of Canterbury and for Croydon Hospital and upon
reading the said Petition and an affidavit* of John Maxon
Clabon filed the 28* day of July 1854 His Honor doth
declare that it is expedient to apply the prospective increase
in the rents and profits of the Estates of the Hospital of the
Holy Trinity in Croydon in the Petition mentioned for the
purposes of Education And that an Enquiry be made of
what the Charity property consists And it is ordered that
a Scheme for the administration and management of the
said Charity and the application of the rents and profits
thereof having regard to the above Declaration be settled
by the Judge to whose Court this matter is attached And
doth reserve the consideration of the costs of this Petition.

Eemaeks. — It was in accordance with the Judge's Order cited above
that " The Scheme for the Management and Eegulation of the Hospital
of the Holy Trinity, Croydon, of the foundation of John Whitgift,
Archbishop of Canterbury, and for the application of the Income
thereof, as approved by the Court of Chancery, 1st August, 1856," was
settled. By this Instrument the Management of the Estate was taken

•¦ Tlie affidavit here refened to is au ordinary one made by a responsible solicitor, to
tbe effef't that the statements contained in the foregoing petition are true.

APPENDIX. 273
out of the hands of the warden and poor brethren and handed over to
Governors : it is the only legal authority on which they can act.
Clause 1 7 of the said Scheme cruelly reduced the stipends of the poor
brothers and sisters. Clause 23 of this Scheme gave them power to
erect the Commercial or Middle School at North End, and it was
accordingly built on a most valuable site belonging to the Hospital
out of funds arising from the sale of lands belonging to the Charity.
Clause 33 strictly enjoins that a sum not exceeding four pounds a year is
to be charged for the education of the sons of parishioners at the said
North End School : no mention is made about any entrance fee in the
Chancery Scheme.
But the Scheme as approved by the Court of Chancery, 1st August,
1856, is violated in at least twtnty-fiee particulars, a circumstance
that occasions much dissatisfaction at Croydon. A great meeting of
inhabitants, held in the large Public Hall, on March 28th, 1877, con
demned the present management of the Whitgift Trust, and adopted
a Memorial, praying the Charity Commissioners to interfere, so that the
affairs of the Hospital and School may be regulated more in accordance
with the Founder's intentions, etc. The Poor Brothers and Sisters of
the Hospital also signed a Memorial to the Charity Commissioners on
the Hth April, 1877, asking for an increase of their scanty incomes.
The Eatepayers in Parish Vestry Meeting assembled at the Town
Hall on Easter Tuesday, April 3rd, 1877, by a large majority,
adopted a Memorial to the Honorable the Charity Commissioners for
England and Wales, praying them to interfere: and lastly, on the 23rd
of October, 1877, it was unanimously resolved by the Croydon School
Board that a letter should be sent to the Charity Commissioners, in one
of the sentences of which it was candidly admitted that " the poorer
inhabitants of the parish generally are not now reaping any educational benefit
from the Whitgift Trust."
A Committee appointed by the Vestry has investigated the matter in
view of the Public Enquiry into the Management of the Whitgift
Trust promised about twelve months since by the Charity Commis
sioners. A change in the Management of Archbishop Whitgift's
Hospital and School is impending.

WHITGIFT CHARITY.

THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT CONTAINS A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY BELONGING TO ARCHBISHOP WHITGIFT'S HOSPITAL.
Compiled January, 1878.

Description of Property.

Site of Public Baths 
Small Bleadow, Scarbrook
House and Garden
Land and Cottage, Selsdon Lane,0a.,2r.,0p
Land, Wellesley Road, aa., Ir., 2p. . .

6 Farm at Woodside, 34a., 2r., ]6p. . .
7 ! Farm at Woodside, 50a., Or., 32p. ..
S Land at Woodside, la.. Or., 35p.
0 Rye Crofts and Christian Fields, Norwood
' in all, upwards of 62 acres

10 House and Faian, Addiscombe, 7la., 2r., 7p.

11 Farm, Woodside and Shirley, 74a., Ir., 9p.

Farm at Croham 1 In aU upwards of 340
1 3 I Fox Farm . . . . / acres.
1 1 1 Hospital of the Holy Trinity
1.5 ' House, No. 2, George Street . .
1(1 I House and large Garden, No. 3, George Street

17 Class Rooms, George Street . .
IS Middle-Class School, North End; and
Playground in Wellesley Eoad
TT......nc ¦^^.^o eo ..^a qa at — .u i^_j

Lessee or Tenant.

Term of Lease.

C. Board of Health
W. Stevenson
James Skinner . .
Various Mrs. Collier

Verrall and Wright
John Weston
Mr. PhiUips
Various

J. Lambert Dallev

Earl Eldon

C. H. Goschen
J. Frost . .
In hand
In hand
In hand

In hand
In hand

1,000 years from Midsummer, 18i34
Yearly . .
Weekly 
Yearly . .
90 years from Lady-day, 1871

13 years from Michaelmas, 1868
14 years from Michaelmas, 1877
Yearly . .

14 years from Michaelmas, 1871

21 years from Michaelmas, 1862

14 years from Michaelmas, 1875
14 years from Michaelmas, 1875

Annual Rent.

£ s. el.
35 0 0
2 12 0
11 14 0
10 0 0
159 16 0

68

0

0

200

0

0

6
316

0
14

0 3

325 0 0

143 0 0

600 0 0
225 0 0

Obserrations.

Marked A on Map 1.
Marked B., Map 1.
Marked C, Map 1.
Marked D., Map 1.
Marked E., Map 1, and E, Map
9. It is the total ground rent
received trom those various
plots into which this land has
been subdivided.
Marked A., Map 2, and D.,
Map 5.
Marked B., Map 2. Lease
determinable at 10 years.
Marked C, Map 2.
All included in Map 3. Rye
Crofts might furnish as mag
nificent building sites as any
in this parish : this most valu
able land, however, remains
meadow.
Map 4. In the event of the
land being required tor build
ing purposes power is reserved
to enter at one month's notice.
Map. 5. See also D., Map 2.
Power to resume parts for
building.
Included in Map 6.
Included in Map 6.
Included iu Map 7.
Included iu Map 7.
Included in Map 7. It is the
residence of the Head Master
Middle Class SchooL '
Included in Map 7.
Included in Map 7.

22L'3
24
252627282930313233 3435 36373839
40
41 42

43
44

4 5
4647 48 49 5051 5-2 53 5 4

House, No. 80, North End . .
Houses, Nos. 81 and 82 North End . .
Ground Eent of Houses, Nos. 85 and 86
North End
House, No. 91, North End . .
House and Garden, No. 92, North End
Garden . .
House and Garden, No. 93, North End
Narrow Slip of Land at North End . .
Swan Inn, No. 108, North End
House, Garden, and Buildings, No. 4, George
Street
House and Garden, No. 11, George Street
House and Garden, No. 12, George Street
House, No. 3, High Street . .
House, No. 4, High Street . .
House and Garden, No. 5, High Street
Garden, Park Street . .
House, No. 125, High Street
House, No. 124, High Street
House, No. 64, High Street . .
House, No. 2, Market Street . .
Royal Oak, No. 40 Surrey Street
[Given to the Hospital htj Mr. Richard
Stockdale, a.d. 1014.)

Part of House, Surrey Street
Four Houses in Church Street

Eleven Houses in the Old Town
Whitgift Poor School and Master's House
Land, Croydon Common
Land, Croydon Common, Oa., 3r. , 19p.
Land, Collier's Water Lane, 2a., 2r., 12p.
Ground, with Range of Sheds, Waddon
Marsh Lane
Three Cottages, Waddon Marsh Lane
Cottage, Waddon Marsh Lane
Land, Waddon Marsh Lane . .
House and Land
Three Cottages, Thornton Heath
Swan and Sugar Loaf Inn, South End

Sarah Sa-wyer
Edward E.. Simmons
Henry Hamilton . .
John Halliwell
John Allsop's Executors, .
John Allsop's Executors , .
F. Bennett
John Kent
Nalders and CoUyer
George Cooper
James Steele
Mrs. FeU 
J. E. Chapman
Misses Chapman and Johnson
S. Dunmore

J. B. Ainsworth
W. Stevenson
Captain Dalton
J. Hodder. ,
C. II. Porter

Samuel Loveday . .
Thomas Simmonds

T. G. Chapman
In hand
Dale's Estate
Miss A. J. Meyer.
Thomas Farlev
J. H. Pilley, late Mr. Norton

Weekly Tenants
John Carter, Jun
Day and Co.
George Appleton
Weekly Tenants
John Davis

DJ years from MidsuTiiTner, 1871
14 years from Midsummer, 1866
99 years from Christmas, 1864
99 years from Michaelmas, 1862
21 years from Lady-day, 1861
21 years from Michaelmas, 1867
21 years from Lady-day, 1868
21 years from Michaelmas, 1871
21 years from Michaelmas, 1868
21 years from Lady-day, 1865
21 years from Lady-day, 1862
21 years from Lady-day, 1862
21 years from Midsummer, 1863
17 years from Lady-day, 1875
21 years from Lady-day, 1869
40 years from Midsummer, 1838
7 years from Michaelmas, 1874
30 years from Christmas, 1862

14 years from Lady-day, 1875
21 years from Michaelmas, 1870

21 years from Michaelmas, 1867
99 years from Lady-day, 1869
Quarterly
21 years from Lady-day, 1857
21 years from 29th September, 1863
Weekly , .
14 years from Midsummer, 1874
99 years from Lady-day, 1866
21 years from Michaelmas, 1870
Weekly . .
21 years from Lady-day, 1875

Carried forward

40 0
26 0
30- 0

0 0 0

25 0
115 0
2 12
100 0
6 0
120 0
70 0

000 00 00

151 0
65 0
45 0
54 0
46 10

00000

34 0
105 0
25 0
31 0
75 0

00000

20 0
132 0

00

90 0

0

36' 0
4 0
7 0
10 0

00
00

28 12
15 0
10 0
45 0
35 10
150 0

00
0080

£3,819 0

11

Included in Tvlap 7 .
Included in Map 7.
Included in Map 7.

Included Included
IncludedIncluded IncludedIncluded
Included

in Map 7.
in Map 7.
in Map 7.
in Map 7.
in Map 7.
in Map 7.
in Map 7.

Included in Map 7.
Included in Map 7.
Included in Map 7.
Included in Map 7.
Included in Map 7. '
Included in Map 7. Commuted
for right of way.
Included in Map 8.
Included in Map 8.
Included in Map 8.
Included in Map 8.
Included in Map 8. The
house No. 40a, Surrey Street,
is included in lease of Royal
Oak, the lessee of which
receives from the sub-tenant
of 40a a rent of £42 per
annum, taxes included.
Included in Map 1.
Included in Map 8. There are
ancient lights both on east and
west side.
Included in Map 8.
Included in Map 8.
Marked A, Map 9.
Marked B, Map 9.
Marked D, Map 9.
Included in small chart marked
C on Map 9.
Included in Chart C, Map 9.
Included in Chart C, Map 9.
Included in Chart C, Map 9.
Included in Chart C, Map 9.
Included in Chart C, Map 9.
Included in Chart F, Map 1 .

PROPERTY BELONGING TO ARCHBISHOP WHITGIFT'S UOSVITAL— Continued.

No.

Description of Property.

Three Houses at Newland, Northampton.
[Given to the Hospital hy the Itev. Dr.
Prethergh, A.D.'l600.)

58
59

House, Market Place, Northampton. .
Rent Charge on House, St. Paul's Church
yard

Lessee or Tenant.

Term of Lease.

Thomas Cosford

Broiight forward
21 years from Michaelmas, 1872

Annual Rent.

£ s. d.
3,819 0 11
85 0 0

60 Land at Mitcham, 33a., Ir., 27Jp.

61

Land at Mitcham, 2a., 2r., Op.

Thomas Cosford
WilUam Cook
James Bridger
Mrs. IJrmson

16 years from Michaelmas, 1877
Perpetual

20 0 0
6 13 4
60 0 0
7 10 0

£3,998 4 3

Observations.

Included in Map 10. One of
these houses is a fine old
mansion; it bears the date
1595 ; the sub-tenant, Mr.
Vernon, recently laid out
about £400 on the premises.
The lessee also has lately
spent about £800 on the pro
perty, and, in consequence,
the three houses are now-
bringing him in about £190
per annum. The total frontage
is 105 feet.
Included in Map 10. The
frontage to the Market Place
is eleven feet.
The gift, in i,.D. 1600, of Susan
Barker, daughter of Thomas
Lucy, of Gharlecole, to the
Warden and Poor of the Hos
pital of the Holy Trinity,
Croydon, on condition that
they never nlienated the same.
Included in Map 10. This land
is let for £100 per annual,
of which there is payable
to Croydon Hospital 3-6ths
yearly.
Included in Map 10. This
land is let for £12 10*. per
annum, of which there is
payable to Croydon Hospital
3-5ths yearly.
The Mitcham Estate, belonging
to Whitgift's Hospital, was
purchased with money be
queathed by Ralph Snow, in
1707, conjointly to the Hos
pital of the Holy Trinity,
and to Harbledown Hospital,
Canterbury.

Map ).

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